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PAROCHIAL AND FAMILY HISTORY

PARISH AND BOROUGH OF BODMIN,

IN THE

COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

BY JOHN MACLEAN, ESQ., F.S.A.

MEMBER OF THE ROYAL AECH.«OLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITArN AND IRELAND, ETC.

•'If there be any who desire to be strangers in their own eonutry, foreigners in their owti cities, and always children in knowledge, let them please themselves, I WTite not for snch hntnours," — Camden.

LONDON: NICHOLS AND 80NS, 25, PxVULlAiMENT STREET; JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, 74 & 75, PICCADILLY. BODMIN : LIDDELL AND SON.

1870.

O^^N

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THOMAS JAMES AGAR-ROBARTKS,

BAEON EOBARTES OF LANHYDROCK AND OF TEURO,

THIS

HISTORY OF BODMIN,

THE COUNTY TOWN OF CORNWALL,

IN WHICH HE IS SO WELL KNOWN AND HIGHLY ESTEEMED,

IS,

BY PERMISSION,

MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

BY THE AUTHOR.

NAMES OF SUBSCPJBERS RECEIVED TO 31 MARCH, 1870.

For the ivhole loork.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, WINDSOR CASTLE.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES (2 Copies).

Adams, George E., Esq., (Rouge Dragon), Heralds' College.

Alms, Capt. T. F. Hill, Coomberry, Bodmin.

Andrew, J. M., Esq., 81, Queen's Crescent, HaverstocU Hill.

Andrew, Richard Hambly, Esq., Tredinnick, Cornwall.

Antiquaries, Society of, Somerset House, London.

Archer, Edward, Esq., Trelaske, Cornwall.

Avery, Mr. Thomas, Camelford.

Bake, S. G., Esq., Army Control Dep-irtment.

Bannister, Rev. John, LL.D., St. Day, Scorrier, Cornwall.

Bateman, J., Esq., Duchy of Cornwall Office, London (2 Copies).

Batten, John, Esq., F.S.A., Aldon, Yeovil.

Bewes, Rev. Thomas Areher, Beaumont, Plymouth.

Blackmore, Edward, Esq. , Greenock.

Boase, Rev. Charles W., 33, Surrey Street, Strand, W.C.

Boase, George Clement, Esq., 33, Surrey Street, Strand, W.C.

Bolitho, Thomas S. Esq., Chyandour, Penzance.

Bolitho, T. Bedford, Esq., Treweddcn, Penzance.

Bolitho, William, Esq., Polwithan, Penzance.

Bond, John, Esq., 3'J, Queen Ann Street, London.

Borlase, John, Esq., Castle Horneck, Cornwall.

Borlase, W. C, Esq., Castle Horneck, Cornwall.

Borla.se, Rev. William 2ennor, St. Ive's.

Boyle, Edmund M., Esq., Rockwood, Torquay.

Branwell, T. Bront^, Esq., War Office.

Bristol Library.

Browne, W. A. Esq., LL.D., War Office, London.

Brune, Charles G. Prideaux, Esq. Prideau.K Place, Padstow.

Bourne, J. Johnstone, Esq., Westbourne House, Addiscombe.

Butterfield, William, Esq., 4, Adam Street, Adelphi.

Carew, W. H. Pole, Esq., Antony, Cornwall (2 Copies).

Carkeet, William, Esq., 3, Park Terrace, South Norwood.

Carnsew, Rev. Thomas, Fle.vbury, Bude.

Cartwright, Rev. Anson W. H., 11, Alderney Road, Mile End.

Carveth, Richard, Esq.. St. Austell.

Chester, Col. J. L., lH, Linden Villas, Blue Anchor Road, Bermondsey.

Chester, T. Ti., Esq., Park House, Kensington.

Childs, R. W., Esq., 9, Melcombe Place, Dorset Square.

Clinton, The Right Hon. Lord, 14, Chapel Street, Park Lane.

Cocks, Lieut. -Colonel C. L., Treverbyn Vean, Cornwall.

Colby, Rev. Frederic T., F.S.A., E.\eter College, O.xford.

Cole, Rev. H. Hearle, Harlyn Lodge, Cotham, Bristol.

Collins, Rev. C. M. Edward, Trewardale, Cornwall (2 Copies).

Collins, Digby, Esq., The New St. James' Club, St. James' Street.

Collios, George Browne, Esq., St. Columb.

Collins, John Basset, Esq., Bodmin (2 Copies).

Conmiins, Thomas, Esq., Bodmin.

Conolly, Capt., late R.E., War Office.

Coode, Kingdon, & Cotton, Messrs., 7, Bedford Row, Ilolborn.

Coote, Henry Charles, Esq., F.S.A., 11, Wardrobe Place, Doctors'

Commons. Cornish, Rev. R. Kestell, Landkey, Barnstaple. Cornwall, Royal Institution of, Truro. Cottell, W. H., Esq., Manor Rise, BrLxton. Couch, Thomas Q., Esq.. Bodmin. Courtney, Leonard Henry, Esq., Lincoln's Inn. Courtney, W. Pricleau.\, Ksci., Ecclesiastical Commission Office. Crabbo, W. R., Esq., E.ast Wonford, Heavitree, Devon. Curgenven, J. B., Esq., 11, Craven Ilill Gardens, Hydo Park. Curzon, Hon. II. Roper, 47, Argyle Road, Kensington. Dagge, Abel Power, Esq., Lisbon (2 Copies). Dagge, Richard Power, Esq. (2 Copies.) Darby, Lieut.- General, 22, Royal Crescent, Clifton.

Devon and Exeter Institution, E.xeter.

Douglas, John, Esq., Oulton, Leeds.

Drake, Dr., St. Austell, Cornwall.

Edyvean, Capt. R., Windsor House, Bodmin.

Edmands, Charles H., Esq., 26, Carey Street, W.C.

Ellis, C. J., Esq., 17, Talbot Road, Holloway.

Enys, John Samuel, Esq., Enys, Penryn.

Exeter, The Right Rev. Lord Bishop of, The Palace, Exeter.

Exeter, Right Rev. Lord Bishop of, Bishopstow (Phillpotts).

Falmouth, Right. Hon. Viscount, Tregothnan, Cornwall (2 Copies).

Fisher, E., Esq., Oversale, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

Fitz-Symon, J. G. S., Esq., 38, Springtield Road, St. John's Wood.

Fortescue, The Honourable George M., Boconnoc, Cornwall (2 Copies).

Freer, C. F. Esq., 11, Onslow Square.

Freeth, George, Esq. Duporth, Cornwall.

Friend, R. R., Esq., Apsley Villa, Hammersmith.

Garling, Henry B., Esq., 37, Queen's Gardens, Bayswater.

Gamier, J. C, Esq., Mount Tavy, Tavistock.

Gatty, Rev. Alfred, D.D., Ecclesfield, Sheffield.

Gatty, Charles, Esq., Fclbridge Park, Sussex.

Gayer, A. E., Esq., 10, York Terrace, Tunbridge Wells.

Geach, W. E., Esq., Penellick, Par Station.

Gilbert, Hon. Mrs. Davies, Trelissiek, Cornwall.

Gilbert, J. Pomeroy, Esq., Tyndales Park, Bristol.

Gill, Rev. William, Venn, Tavistock.

Gill, William, Esq., Lincoln's Inn.

Glencross, Rev. Ernest, Morval, Cornwall.

Gower, The Honourable Edward Frederick Leveson, M.P., 14, South

Audley Street. Grylls, Lieut.-Colonel S. M., St. Neot, Cornwall. Hamley, J. 0., Esq., Military Store Staff. Harding, Lieut.-Colonel, Upcott, Barnstaple (2 Copies).

Harrison, Geo. H. Rogers, Esq., (Windsor Herald), Heralds' College.

Hawker, W. .S., Esq., Boscastle.

Hellyer, Miss, Boscastle.

Henwood, W. J., Esq., F.R.S., &c., 3, Clarence Place, Penz.ance.

Hext, Francis John, Esq., Tredethy, Cornwall (2 Copies).

Hext, Rev. George, St. Veep, Cornwall.

Hichens, John, Esq., St. Nicholas, Bodmin.

Hill, Rev. George, St. Winnow, Cornwall

Hingeston, Rev. F. C, Ringmore, Ivy Bridge.

Holder, Capt. Cecil J., Jetwells, Camelford.

Horndon, D. W. J. H., Esq., Pencreter, Callington.

Horwood, Rev. E. Russell, Maldon, Essex.

Howard, J. J., Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Dartmouth Row, Blackheath.

Hunt. Robert, Esq., F.R.S.,&c., Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street.

Impey, William, Esq., 11, Spring Gardens.

Jewill, Mr. W. Paul, Nancegollan, Hclston.

Kempthorne, John, Esq., Callington.

Kempthorne, Rev., Wellington College, Wokingham.

Kempthorne, Rev. Richard, Elton Rectory, Oundle.

Kendall, N., Esq., M.P., Pelyn, Cornwall.

Lakeraan, J., Esij., 6, Clarendon Plaice, Plymouth.

Laurence, N. II. P., Esq., Launccston.

Ley, Mrs. Edwin, Leamington.

Lindsay, The Lord, Dunecht, Aberdeen; and 9, Grosvenor Square.

Lind,say, Hon. Colin, Brighton.

Liverpool Public Library, Liverpool.

London Library, St. James's Stjuare.

MacCarthy, I)., Esq., Bradwortliy, Devon.

Maclean, B., Es(i., West Taniaki, Auckland (2 Copies).

Maclean, Robert, Esq., Bleak House, Auckland.

Maclean, T. Every, Escj., Buckley Manor, Auckland.

Male, N., jun., Esq., Camelford.

Matlicr, Capt. J., 14th Hussars.

Mathew, George Buckley, Esq., H.M. Minister Plenipotentiarj',

Brazil (2 Copies). Jlolesworth, Lady, Penoarow, Cornwall. Morshead, E. .L.Esq., War Office (2 Copies). Morshead, Owen H., Esq., War Office.

Morshead, Sir Warwick C, Bart., Forest Lodge, Binfteld, Berks. Morshead, Walter, Esq., 19, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn. Morshead, William, Esq., Lavethan, Cornwall. Newman, Mr. James, 235, High Holborn.

Nichols, Francis, Esq., F.S.A., Lawford Hall, Manningtree, Essex. Norway, Capt. Nevil, R.N., Lawn Cliff, Flushing. Noy, William, Esq., 42, Sutherl.ind Square, .S.E. Ouvry, Frederic, Esq., F.S.A. (Treas. S. A.), 12, Queen Anne Street,

Cavendish Square. Page, Rev. Vernon, Wetherham, Bodmin. Parkyn, W. H., Esq., Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. Pearce, Miss, Castle Street, Launceston. Pearce, Mrs. Fillis, Tremedden, Liskeard. Penzance Library, Penzance. Perry, Rev. T. W., 20, Clifton Terrace, Brighton. Pode, J. D., Esq., 41, Craven Road, Paddingdon, W. Price, W. E., Esq., Torrington, Devon. Pye, Rev. F. W., Blisland, Cornwall. Pye, George, Esq., Boconion, Cornwall.

Robartes, The Right Hon. The Lord, Lanhydroek, Cornwall. Rodd, Francis. Esq., Trebartba Hall, Cornwall (2 Copies). Rogers, Reginald, Esq., Carwinion, Falmouth, Cornwall. Romilly, G. T., Esq., 9, The Terrace, Upper Clapton. Ross, Charles Campbell, Esq., The Bank, Penzance. Rowe, Sir Joshua, C.B., 10, Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square. St. Aubyn, John, Esq., M.P., Pendrcn, Cornwall, St. Aubyn, J. P., Esq., Lamb Building. Temple.

St. Aubyn, W. J., Esq., Lieut. 5th Lancers, Rectory, Stoke, Devonport. St. Germans, Right Hon. Earl of. Port Eliot, Cornwall. Sandys, William, Esq,, F.S.A. , !(', Torrington Square. Sawle, The Lady Graves, Ashfield, Devon. Scott, Mr. S. N.. St. Austell. Scott, W. B., Esq., Chudleigh, Devon. Seton, Miles Charles, Esq., Treskerby, Cornwall. Shilson, William, Esq., Tremough, Penryn. Shuttleworth, Rev. E., Egloshayle, Cornwall. Simcoe, Rev. H. A., Penheale, Cornwall. , Sincock, William, Esq., Land Mortgage Bank, Melbourne. Smirke, Edw., Esq. (Vice, warden ot'the Stannaries), Id, ThurloeSq.S.W. Smith. Rev. William Hart, St. Minver, Cornwall. Spry, Richard, Esq., 0.\ford and Cambridge Club. Spry, Sir Samuel Thomas, Place, Cornwall (2 Copies). Stokes, H. S., Esq., Bodmin.

Tatum, Henry, Esq., C.B., Army Control Department, War Office. Taunton, Rev. Frederick, Welton Rectory, Lincolnshire. Thompson, Ralph, Esq., War Office. Thome, Rev. Joseph, Bishop Nympton, Devon. Thorn, William, Esq., M.D., 87, Harrow Road, London. Tickell, John, Esq., Egloshayle, Cornwall.

Tite, Sir William, M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A., &c., 42, Lowndes Square. Trclawny, Sir J. Salusbury, Bart., M.P., Trelawne, Cornwall. Tremayne, H. H., Esq., Exmouth, Devon. Tremayne, John, Esq., Heligan, Cornwall. Tucker, Stephen, Esq., 3, Berkeley Square, London. Twells, Rev. Henry, Hammersmith. Vivian, Right. Hon. Lord. Glynn, Cornwall. Vosper-Thomas, S., Esq., Wimbome, Dorset (3 Copies). A'yi,yan, Rev. Vyell F., Withiel, Cornwall. Walker, Thomas, Esq., Grafton House, Hammersmith. Wallis, Preston J., Esq., Bodmin.

Wemyss, Lieut.-Col. F., 16, Ladbroke Grove, Notting Hill. Westlake, John, Esq., 2, New Square, Lincoln's Inn. AVilli.ams, Michael, Esq., TreguUow, Scorrier. Williams, Sir AVilliam, Bart., TreguUow, Scorrier, Cornwall. Willyams, H., Esq., Carnanton, Cornwall.

Woods, Sir Albert W., (Garter Principal Kirg-at-Arms). Heralds' Coll. Wyld, James. Esq., M P., 51, Gloucester Road, Regent's Park

(2 Copies).

For the Parish of Bodmin.

Ainslie, Miss, G., 7, Oxford Row, Bath.

Amcotts, Mrs. Cracroft, 41, Eaton Square.

Blackmore, Edward, Esq., Greenock.

Blackstone, W. S., Esq., Whixley Hall, York.

Blight, J. F., Esq., F.S.A., Penzance.

Bodman, Benj., Esq., 5, Blomfield Crescent, Westboume Terrace, W.

Bodmin Institution, Bodmin.

Boger, Deeble, Esq., Wolsdon, Devonport.

Bullock, John, Esq , 10, West Cliff Terrace, Ramsgate (5 Copies).

Buscombe, Mr. W. H., Fore Street, Bodmin.

Carkeet, John, Esq., 3, St. Andrew's Place, Plymouth.

Carkeet W illiam, Esq., 3 . Park Terrace, South Norwood, S.E. (2 Copies).

Carveth Richard, Esq., St. Austell.

Chillcott, J. G. Esq., Truro.

Clarke, B. M., Esq , Provincial Bank, Swansea.

Clarke, Rev. J. Michell, Christ Church, Forest Hill, S.E.

Clarke, Mr. T. Taunton, Bodmin.

Clarke, W. Michell, Esq., 2. York Buildings, Clifton.

Collins, Rev. C. M. Edward, Trewardale, Cornwall.

Collins, John Richard, Esq.. Bodmin.

Collins, The Misses, North Parade, Penzance.

Collins, William, Esq., Lanke, Cornwall.

Crang, John. Esq., Mayor of Bodmin,

Dickinson, Rev. J. C, Bodmin.

Drake, Dr., St. Austell.

Drake, H. H., Esq., St. Austell.

Fauiknor, Lt.-Col. J. A. Spry, 1, Auckland Place, St. Heller's, Jersey.

Fell, James. Esq., Chapel Hays, Dunmere, Bodmin.

Flamank, John, Esq., 4, Mount Radford Terrace, Exeter.

Fox, Charles James Esq., 27, Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, W.

Gatty, Rev. R. H. Buckden, Dundle, Hants.

Gayer, A. E., Esq., 10, York Terrace, Tunbridge Wells.

Gilbert, H. Pomeroy, Esq., R.N., Havelock Villa, Paynton, South Devon.

Glencross, Rev. James, Helland, Cornwall.

Glynne, Sir Stephen, Bart., Hawarden Castle, co. Flint.

Greene, William, Esq., Catisfield House, Fareham (2 Copies).

Hamley, Col. E. B., B.A., c2, Albany, Loudon.

Hamley, Col. F., 50th Regt.

Hennah, Joseph E., Esq., 5, Chatham Place. Brighton.

Hennah, Thomas H., Esq., Milton House, Brighton.

Hennah, William E., Esq., Milton House, Brighton.

Hext, Rev. George, .St. Veep, Cornwall,

Hodgson, Mrs., Nash Cottage. Cheltenham.

lago. Rev. AV.. Westheath, Bodmin.

Kempthome, Dr., Bethlem Royal Hospital.

King, Mrs., Bodmin.

Kyd, Hayes, Esq., AVadebridge.

Little, AVoollcorabe, & Venning, Messrs., Devonport.

Marshall, H. Flamank, Esq., 116, Broad Street, Birmingham.

Michell, Rev. W. P., Carhampton, Somereet.

Moore, Rev. Charles, Garlenick House, Grampound.

Mounsteven, Major-General W., Ford, Dartmouth.

Mounsteven, F. Hender. Esq., Royal Marine Light Infantry.

Monday, George, Esq., 194, Mare Street, Hackney, N.E.

Parkyn, George, Esq., late Mayor of Bodmin.

Peter, John Luke, Esq., Trengweath. Redruth.

Pethybridge, J. S. Esq., East Cornwall Bank, Bodmin (2 Copies).

Piercy, Frederic, Esq., R.N., St. Austell.

Piggott, John, Junior, Esq., F.S.A., The Elms, Ulting, Maldon.

Prynne, Slajor J. Basset, Royal Marine Light Infantry.

Pym, Guy, Esq., Junior Carlton Club.

Pym, Wollaston, Esq., West Brompton, London.

Rogers, Mr. Ralph, Blisland.

Sandoe, Mr. A. C, Royal Hotel, Bodmin.

Satchwell, T. A. G. Esq., Army Control Department.

Serjeant, Charles, Esq., St. Benet's Priory, Bodmin.

Shilson, D. Henry, Esq., Trewhiddle, St. Austell.

Taunton, Rev. Frederick, Welton Rectory, Lincolnshire.

Venning, J. J. E., Esq., Devonport.

West, Charles Augustus, Esq., M.D., Bodmin.

For the Parish of St. Breward.

Collins, William, Esq., Lank, St. Breward, Martin, Rev. George, D.D., St. Breward. Rogers, Reginald, Esq., Penrose, Cornwall.

For the Parish of Egloshayle. Rowe, John, Esq., Frognal Lodge, Hampstead.

For the Parish of Endellion.

Borlase, John, Esq., Castle Honieck, Penzance.

Mathew, George Buckley, Esq., C.B., H.M. Minister Plenipotentiary, Brazil (5 Copies).

For the Parish of Forahm-y.

Kirkness, Rev. W. J., Forabury Rectory, Boscastle. Hodgson, Mrs., Nash Cottage, Cheltenham. Price, W. E. Esq., Torrington, Devon.

For the Parish of Helland.

Glencross, Rev. James, Helland Rectory, Cornwall. Satehwell, T. A. G., Esq., Army Control Department.

For the Parish of St. Kew.

Archer, Capt. J. H. Lawrence, Edinburgh.

Harris, Mr. H. V,, Hochelaga, Montreal, Canada.*"

.Mathew, George Buckley, Escj., C.B., H.M. Minister Plenipotentiary,

brazil (15 Copies). Nicolls, Major Oliver, (ith Dcpflt Battalion. Pomery, Joseph, Bodrean, Cornwall. Toleher, Mrs. Henry, Whiddon House, Newton Abbot.

For the Parishes of Lanteglos and Advent.

Borlase, John, Esq., Marazion, Cornwall. Hurden.Mr. E. J., Camelford. King, W. D., Esq., Camelford. Kinsman, Rev. R. B., Tintagel, Cornwall.

For the Parish of St. Mah/n.

Digby, Mrs., Bank, Nelson Street, Bath. Gavid, Arthur, Esq., St. Mabyn. Harry, Mr. Edmund, St. Mabyn. Hext, Rev. George, St. Veep, Cornwall. Mounsteven, Major-General, Ford, Dartmouth. Rowe, John, Esq., Frognal Lodge, Hampstead.

For the Parish of Minster.

King, W. D., Esq., Camelford.

Kirkness, Rev. W. J., Forabury Rectory, Boscastle.

Price, W. E., Esq., Torrington, Devon.

For the Parish of St. Teath. Dawson, B. S., Esq., Yagan, Hereford.

For the Parish of Tintatjcl.

Chilcott, J. G. Esq., Truro.

James, Colonel Sir Henry, R.E., Ordnance Map Office, Southampton.

Kinsman, Rev. R. B., Tintagel.

Robinson, Rev. Charles J., Norton Canon, Weobley.

Price, W. E., Esq., Torrington, Devon.

For the Parish of St. Tiidi/.

CottoU, W. H., Esq., 1, Manor Rise, Brixton. Gavid, Arthur, Esq., St. Mabyn. Nicolls, Major Oliver, 6th Depot Battalion. Onslow, Sir Henry, Bart.. Hanger, Cornwall.

PREFACE.

The Author of the " History of the Deanery of Trigjg Minor " has great pleasure in submitting to his Subscribers for the Parish of Bodmin only, this History, in a separate form, of that ancient Borough and Parish, which forms Part II. of the larger work. It was originally thought that the History of Bodmin might be comprised within 100 pages ; but the great antiquity and importance of the town ; the various changes which, in the course of centuries, it has undergone ; the great number of objects of interest it contains ; and the many ancient families which from time to time have been its inhabitants, several of which are now extinct and quite forgotten ; have rendered it impossible to do justice to the subject within that space ; and the work has consequently extended, notwith- standing every effort to compress the matter, to 250 pages. It would have been easier to have written a work of double the size, had it been consistent with the scope of the Author's design, but he believes that nothing of importance has been wholly omitted, though he could have wished, had he received adequate support and encouragement, to have printed, verbatim, as a supplement, the ancient charters granted by successive sovereigns. The substance of them is, however, sriven in the text.

The Author apprehends that some few of his early Subscribers to this Part may feel that the cost of the work is greater than they were led to expect. He trusts, however, that when they see the amount of matter, and the number and character of the illustrations which it contains, they will be far from dissatisfied with the cost. The Author would, however, observe that he does not seek for himself any profit or remuneration. He simply desires to be re-couped the bare outlay for pajier, printing, &c. The present number of Subscribers will not nearly cover this expense, and the Author's loss would have been still greater had not certain gentlemen interested in some of the pedigrees printed in this Part, with much liberality, voluntarily offered to bear, respectively, the cost of printing such pedigrees.

The preparation of this Part has been a work of great and anxious labour. The Author has conscientiously endeavoured to ascertain from public records, original family documents, wills, deeds, &c., actual historical facts. Very little has been drawn from printed books, and scarcely anything taken upon trust. The Author has, in all cases, endeavoured to verify from original sources the statements of others, casting aside what would not bear the test of such invcsti-

a

U PREFACE.

gation. He has souglit to ayoicl every tiling approaching flattery of persons or families. His aim has been to state the honest truth. If the accounts given of some families be shorter than those given of others, it has arisen from various circumstances necessarily incidental to such an undertaking.

Whilst thanking his friends at a distance, and the comparatively few inhabitants of Bodmin who have favoured him with their support in this laborious undertaking, he begs that they will kindly make allowance for the difficulties inseparable from such a work. Xotwithstandiug much anxiety and care, it is impossible that a book like this, comprised mainly of names and dates, should be free from errors, and the Author trusts they will be viewed with indulgence. Many mistakes have been corrected in the Addenda and Corrigenda sheet at the end, but the Author fears many still remain unnoticed. He will be glad to have them pointed out to him for correction hereafter.

The Author would ill requite the kindness he has received did he not acknowledge the obKgations he is under to a large number of friends for more or less assistance in the prosecution of his researches. As the number is too great to mention each separately, it might be deemed invidious to name any ; but he must express his thanks, particularly, to two whose skill and taste have greatly enhanced the attraction of the book. The Heraldic drawini^s on wood for the engraver were executed by G. T. Romilly, Esq., and those for the other wood engravings by the Rev. W. lago of Bodmin.

The Author wishes also to express his thanks to the Clergy, generally, for their kindness in allowing him access to the Registers of their respective parishes ; and further to Lords of Manors and Landowners for permitting him to refer to their Com't Rolls and Deeds. Among the latter he would mention the Right Hon. the Earl of St. Germans, the Hon. George M. Fortescue, Sii- John Salusbury Trelawny, Bart. M.P. (who has personally taken much trouble), the Trustees under the will of the late Sir "William Molesworth, Bart., WUliam Morshead of Lavethan, Esq., the Rev. C. M. Edward Collins of Trewardale, William Collins of Lanke, Esq.. E. J. Hext of Tredethy, Esq., the Rev. Dr. Treffry of Place, Fowey, R. Hambly Andrew of Tredinnick, Esq., and Mrs. Hooper of Penhargard. He would also thank the Mayor and Common CouncU of the respective Boroughs of Bodmin and Liskeard for giving him access to the Municipal Records of those Boroughs, and to the Town Clerks of the same, Richard Bray and J. Jago, Esquires, for their courteous assistance. J. M.

Pallingswick Lodge, Hammersmith, 31st March, 1870.

HISTORY OF BODMIN.*

The parish of Bodmin includes the borough, and is bounded on the nortli by the parishes of Egloshayle and Helland, on the east by Cardinhani, on the south by Lanhydroek, and on the west by Withiel and St. Breock. The river Alan enters the parish at the Helland boundary, and runs through it for a distance of two miles.

On an actual survey made in 1840 for the purpose of the commutation of the tithes, the parisii was found to contain (),lltl acres 2 roods 24 perches.

The only outlying hamlets are St. Laurence and Nanstallan, of which we shall speak here- after.

The following table shows the number of inhabited houses, and of persons enumerated at the several dates at which the Census has been taken, within the present century :—

	1801	1811	1821	1831t	1841	1851	1861
	2,299 325	2,383 315	3,278 523	3,782 041	4,643 804	4,705 793	4,809 864
Inhabited houses
Increase of persons		84	895	504	861	62	104

•

• Various definitions have been given of the name of this place, but none of them are very satisfactory. Lelanrt derives it from Bosmanna or Bosmanach, the mansion of the monlts; and, Whitalcer adds, the name is found actually so written in the cliarters. We have seen many ancient charters relating to this place, but not one in which the name apjicars as linsminina or Bosmanach. Tonkin professes to have no difficulty, and very confidently says tliat the name is Hodman — " hode " and " man " — the preacher '• man." In meditcval records the name is sometimes written in this manner. Dr. Bannister, in his new Glossary of Comish Names, follows Leland and calls it the monk's house (manach) and Rodman (maen) the stone house. In a note he suggests several other meanings. Is not the name, however, ratlier derived from Bod-mynydd, the divcUing in tJte hiUs or under the hill? which exactly fits its situation.

t SUMMARY.

The parish beyond tlic borough 78 houses. 407 persons.

The borough beyond tlie town 35 „ 179 „

Theton-n 528 „ ;i,22(; „

Total 641 „ 3,812 ,,

Deduct soldiers 30 „

Returned to Government 3,782 „

N.B. Forty-two houses uninhabited. Sec Budmiii Register, pp. 50 and 51.

B

2 PARISH OF BODMIN.

It will be observed tliat a great increase in the population ocemTed between the years 1811 and 1841. During this period a flourishing trade was can-ied on in the town in shoemaking, which has of late years dwindled away, and has now, for some time, almost ceased to exist as a staple : no other branch of industry has arisen to take its place. This may, in some measure, account for the fact that since 1841 the popidation has been almost stationary.

The town consists chiefly of one street, about a mile in lengtli, running east and west, wliich becomes somewhat straggling at the western end, whilst the eastern, especially, lies in a low valley, having a high hill ou its southern side. Several pleasant villa residences have been erected in the suburbs within the last half century : ex/. St. Petrock's, the residence of Mrs. AVallis, St. Nicholas, the residence of John Hichens, Esq., Berryfield, the residence of 3L-s. Edyvean, and others.

From the character of its situation Carew considered the town to be very unhealthy ; * but his description would seem to have been greatly exaggerated. Tlie place is not, we believe, more insalubrious than other Corni.sh towns. It is true that in the year 1351 it suftered very severely from the plague which raged with fearful %-iolence throughout Europe and most parts of the world. At this time 1,500 jiersons died in Bodmin, which shows that it must at that early date have been more populous than it has ever since been, and it is probable that from that time it ha.s never attained the importance wliich it previously held in the county.

Great mortality also occm-red in the yeai's 1563, 1575, 1581, and 1590, particularly in tlie autumnal months of those several years. More especially in the year 1575 f did the pestilence rage in Bodmin, as is testified by the parish registers. In the four- months ending 31st October in that yeai-,| no fewer than 354 persons were interred, raismg the total number of burials in the" year to 424, being more than four times the usual average.

Great improvements in drainage and other sanitary arrangements have taken place since those dates, and dm-ing the prevalence of cholera of late years, fewer deaths were registered from that fatal epidemic in proportion to the population than in most other towns. Of 922 persons buried between 1813 and 1830 the ages of twelve exceeded ninety years, and of 3,812 hving in the borouch on 30th May 1831, the date of the Census, tlie ages of twelve ranged betvveen eightA'-five and ninety- four. §

The surface of the parish, generally, is undulating, like the surroiuiding neighbourhood. The Beacon hill on the south side of the town rises to an elevation of 763 feet above the level of the sea, and is about 515 feet above the level of the church stile — Castle Canyke, or Kerniek, is 5 feet higher. II The soil, which generally is unprolific, rests upon a substratum of argilaceous schistose slate, in which Mr. C. W. Peach discovered encriniles ; f but in some parts, especially near the town, is foimd some rich meadow land, producing an abundance of gi-ass. More than one-half of

* Carew's Survey of Cornwall, 123.

t The plagne in this year was very dreadful in Paris and in England. In England 57,374 persons were swept off.

X The registers being ante-tlated one year the entries will appear therein under the year 157G.

§ Bodmin Register, p. 62.

il Bodmin Reg. 338.

1 Report of British Assoc. 1841.

GENERAL REMARKS. d

the whole area, however, consists of arable land, aud there is a considerable extent of common and coppice-woods. The stone, if quarried to a sufficient depth, divides into large slabs traversed by parallel joints, and with little labour is well suited for building purposes, though some of it is so soft, that it quickly disintegrates.

From the summit of the Beacon hill, a favorite resort in fine weather, an extensive panoramic view may be had. Mr. Wallis says that the circumference of twenty-eight parishes may be easily traced. On tliis hill was erected in the years 1856 and 1857 an obelisk in memory of the late Lieut. -General Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert, an eminent native of this town, who was created a Baronet in 1849 for distinguished services in India. From its elevated position it is a prominent object from many parts of the county.

Although Bodmin was a town of great importance at an early date, and continued so for several centuries, it would seem to have been at all times (except for a few years) defective in roads of approach. There is an old proverb, " Out of the world and in to Bodmin." During the Roman period it would seem to ha\e been cut off from the great highways. Dr. Borlase tells us that that energetic people had two great roads into Cornwall. One entered the county by Saltash, and passed by Lostwithiel,* St. Austel, and Gramponnd,t to Truro. The other road he conjectm'es entered the county at Stratton, passed by Bude Haven to Camelford, but fiirther he does not trace it, saying it is sufficient to show that the Romans had a way in the north of Corn- wall. He mentions, it is true, part of a stone causeway leading from Bodmin to Lostwithiel, tlu^ remains of which existed about midway between the two towns, and which tradition ascribed to the Romans. This he supposes might have been a road intended to connect the rivers of Alan and Fowey ; and thus the two seas.f Lysons, however, conjectures this to have been ratlier a ramjiart on the frontier of the Cornubii against their invaders the Damnonii, completing the forti- fication from the sea to the river Alan, and defended by three undoubted British posts at Pencar- row. Castle Canyke, and Castledor.§

However this may have been, until the middle of the last century the whole county of Corn- wall, and Bodmin in particular, was very tlefoctive in roads. After the construction of the Bodmin and Launceston turnpike in 1769 || it became the chief highway through the county, su that a great part of the traffic passed through Bodmin. In 1716, when the summer assizes were first removed from Launceston to Bodmin, the magistrates were called upon to issue warrants

* The Roman Uzella, according to Ptolemy. Camden remarks that it has not (juitc last its name, being called at this (lay Lestuthiell, from its situation. For it was upon a high hill, where is Lestormin, an ancient castle, though since it is removed into the valley. Uchel, in British, signifies high and lolly. Camden, Brit. i. 18.

t According to I'tolemy, the Voluha of the ancients. 111.

J Borlase's Antiquities, pp. 304-307. § Lysons, ccxxviii.

II In this year an Act of Parliament was obtained for repairing and widening several roads leading to and through the borough of Bodmin, which, it is stated, are " ruinous in many places, narrow, and incommodious, and caniKjt be snfiicicntly amended, widened, and kept in repair Ijy the ordinary course of law." A body of trustees was appointed for twenty-one years, and power was given them to erect turnpike gates. In 178(i (2li (ieo. 111.) this Act was amended, anil the trust was continued for a further period of twenty-one years. At the expiration of this period, in 1811, a further Act was obtained to continue the trust for a further period of twenty-one years, which was again amended in 1829 (111 Geo. IV.), 183.S (3 Will. IV.), and 1835 (C Will. IV.)

4 PARISH OF BODMIN.

" to level the roads and ways from Lanson to Bodmin {rid Camelford), and to have the trees and hedges cut fit for the travelling with coaches, &c." Li 1836, two coaches from London ran daily through the town.*

Upon the consti-uction of the Cornwall Kailway in 1859, Bodmin became again, in some measm'e, isolated, as the railway passes at more than three miles and a half from the town ; but an Act has now been obtained for making a branch line from the Cornwall Bailway to Bodmin.-j-

In 179G (37 Geo. III.) an Act of Parliament was obtained for making and maintaining a na\'igable canal from Guinea Port, in the parish of St. Breock, to Dunmere Bridge, in the parish of Bodmin, and also a collateral cut to Cotton Wood near Ruthen Bi'idge. Sir William Moles- worth was the principal promoter. It was a part of the project to continue the canal to Lostwithiel, but it being found impracticable to do so without a tunnel, which it was thought would have too much increased the expenses, the execution of the work was delayed and finally abandoned. Mr. Rennie, afterwards so eminent, was the engineer.

In 1832,1 however, an Act was obtained for constructing a line of railway from AVade- bridge to Wenford Bridge in St. Breward, with a branch line to Bodmin, the whole 14^ miles in length. This line was executed under the direction of Mr. Roger Hopkins, C.E. and was opened for traffic in 1834, being one of the first railways made in England to be worked with locomotive engines. It was in 1845 conveyed by the original shareholders to the South- Western Railway Company, and is intended, it is understood, to form part of a large railway scheme contemplated by that Company.

Several buildings of a public nature have been erected at Bodmin within the last century.

In 1756 a large workhouse was erected at the expense of Sir William Irby, Bart.§ then one of the representatives in Pai'liament for the borough, on land granted by the coi-poration, being a portion of the lands of the " Grey Friars." After the passing of the Act 4th and 5th Will. IV. cap. 76, creating Poor Law Unions, this house was insufficient, and a new union workliou.se was erected on the north-west side of the town.

The old church of the Grey Friars, which for manj^ years had been used for holding the summer assizes, being found very inconvenient for the purpose, in 1837, uj)on the removal to Bodmin of the spring assizes, it was determined to build a new assize hall. The old church was therefore pulled down, and a new building of ashlar granite was erected on the site, and also a large house near it for the accommodation of the judges. This house is called the Mayoralty.

COUNTY LUNATIC ASYLUM.

This institution was propo.sed in 1812, and a site near the prison fixed upon for its erection. A large subscription was raised.|| It was not until 1815, however, that any definite progress was made. On the 17th and 18th October in that year meetings of the subscribers were held, and it

* Bodmin Reg. pp. Sy-336.

t 27 and 28 Vict. cap. 170 (1864), Extension Act, 28 and 29 Vict. cap. 5.S (1865), Further Powers, 30 and 31 Vict. cap. 119 (18(17).

t 2 Will. IV. Koyal Assent 23 May 1832; araendoil liy Act 5 Will. IV. Royal Assent, 30 July, 1835.

§ Created Baron Boston, of Boston, co. Lincoln. 17G1. d. 1775. 1| Lysons, Corr. Add. MS. 9420, 133.

COUNTY LUNATIC ASYLUM. 5

•was resolved to request the co-operation of tlie county upon the basis that four-elevenths of the amount required should be provided by subscriptions, on condition that the county should contri- bute the remaining seven-elevenths. This proposal was accepted, and in October in the following year a contract was entered into wuth Messrs. Gribble and Hellyer for the erection of the part known as "the Radiating Building," for the accommodation ot 100 patients, at a cost of 16,019/. lis. dd., of which 10,194/. 7s. Id. was paid from the county rates, and 5,825/. 7s. 2d. from voluntary subscriptions. The architect was Mr. Foulstone of Plymouth.

The mayor and burgesses of Bodmin granted as a site nine acres of waste land just without the town on the western side, on one part of which the gibbet used for executions stood.

The accommodation being found insufficient, in 1842 an addition was made to the building by the erection of the "High Building,'' at a cost of .3,757/., of which 2,000/. was paid by the county, and the remainder raised by voluntary contributions.

In 1847 still further accommodation was found to be required, and an addition was made of the " New Building," for the accommodation of jjauper men. This building was erected in 1847-8 under the direction of Mr. George Wightwick of Plymouth, architect, (as had been the " High Building "), at a co.st of G,000/., and, inasmuch as no private or subscription patients were to be accommodated therein, the whole of the cost was paid from the county funds.

In 1867 a further enlargement took place by the erection of the " Carew Building," so called after William Henry Pole-Carew of Antony, Esq. Chairman of tlie A.sylum Committee. The county paid the cost of the erection of this building on condition that private patients should be withdrawn from the wards of the " High Building," which was thenceforward to be appropriated to the use of paupers only. The architects of this building were Messrs. Norman and Hine of Plymouth, and the cost was 6,662/.

By this latter arrangement, the private and the pauper patients are entirely separated. Eacli establishment is perfectly distinct, having its own grounds and offices.

Purchases of land have been made from time to time for these improvements.

A chapel was also built between the years 1859 and 1861 for the use of the inhabitants of the asylum. At present it consists of an apsidal chancel, south transept, and south aisle. The latter is of three bays. The jn-esent building is designed for the accommodation of 170 wor- shippers, but it is now being enlarged by the extension of the nave and south aisle towards the west, and the erection of a vestry, whereby 250 persons will be accommodated, being about one- half of the popidation of the a.sylum. The estimated cost of this enlargement is 400/., which has been raised by subscriptions. The county was not called upon to defray any portion of the cost of the original building, which amounted to 1,115/. ; 281/. of which was raised by subscription, and the remainder from the balance standing in the private patients' account.

Heretofore the asylum has been inconvenienced at times by an insufficient su])ply of water. An Act of Parliament has, however, recently been obtained * for enabling the asylum to construct its own watei'works, and excellent water is now convoyed by pipes from Penquite which is

* 18 May, 1866, 29 and 30 Vict. C

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I

6 PARISH OF BODMIN.

abundantly sufficient for all purposes. In case of fire the pressure from gravitation is adequate to throw the water over the buildings from a hose, without an engine. A sum of £2, .500 has been granted by the county for the purchase of land and the construction of other works.

The number of persons admitted into this valuable institution during the twenty-six years (1841-1866 inclusive) was 2,023, of whom 768 recovered, 210 were relieved, 77 unrelieved, and 717 died.

The gross income for the year 1868 was 11,575/. 1«. 4(Z., and the gross expenditure was 11,196/. 4s. 3c?. ; 537 persons were treated in the asylum during the year. The weekly average charge for pauper patients is about 9«. The private patients pay at various rates ranging from 10,«. to 21.?. a-week.

The management of the asylum is vested in a committee of visitors appointed in quarter sessions, consisting of magistrates of the coxmty and of subscribers to tlie institution. Subscribers nominate their own representatives on the committee. The present medical superintendent is Dr. Richard Adams, and the chaplain the Rev. "\V. lago.

THE ASSIZES.

The assizes for the county of Cornwall were from ancient times almost invariably held at Lamieeston,* but Richard King of the Romans, having built a palace at Lostwithiel, transferred the assizes to that place. On a petition, however, from the men of Launceston, and the payment of a fine, they were re-transferred thither. The inconvenience of Launceston as the assize town was long felt. As early as January 1664 a representation was made to the King by way of a pe- ■ tition fi-om the gentlemen of Cornwall then serving in parliament, praying for the transfer of the assize courts from Launceston to Bodmin. The Petitioners state that at Bodmin is a public liall and all necessaries, whilst Tiaunceston is at one end of a county eighty miles long, is inconvenient to witnesses, jurors, and suitors, and improper in taking the deputy-lieutenants and their officers so far away from some parts of a county exposed on two sides to the sea. At the same time there was a counter-petition from the mayor, &c. of Launceston, representing that the assizes and gaol delivery of the county were held there by ancient charters, and were the chief support of the town, and praying that they might not be removed, as proposed by some gentlemen of the eountr\-, to Bodmin, a mean town lying twenty miles further within the county, and inconvenient for the judges by the badness of the ways. Both petitions were referred to the attorney-general. f His report is not traced, but some years afterwards we find the matter misettled. In the vear 1671 there appear in the town accounts several charges relating to the purchase of a mai'e to carr\" Mr. Warden Kestell to London on the subject of the assizes, and other charges in connection

* They were held at Bodmin temp. Henr)- III., and 4 Edw. II. They were again held at Lostwithiel 11 Edw. II. and at Bodmin 4 Edw. III. f State Papers, Dom. Corp. Chas. II. vol. cxi. 46, 47.

THE ASSIZES.

with tlie same business.* Notwithstanding the trouble and a considerable expense incurred, the ajiplication turned out unsuccessful, for the assizes continued to be held at Launceston until the year 1715,t when an Act of Parliament passed by which it was enacted that, after the 20th May, 171fi, the assizes should not be confined to the town of Launceston, but be held in such place within the county as the Lord High Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal for the time being, witii the advice of the justices of assize, might appoint. This Act was obtained upon the petition of the high sheriff, justices of the peace, freeholders, and inhabitants of the county, and was based chiefly upon the central position of the town of Bodmin and the inconvenience and expense occasioned by suitors and others having to proceed to Launceston, a distance of eighty miles from the Land's End. -----

This Bill' lia^nrig become law, the judges nominated Bodmin as the place at which they designed to hold the ensuing assizes, and, accordingly, a letter was addressed to Mr. Thomas Hoblyn of Penhargard, then town clerk of Bodmin, requiring him to apply to the justices of the peace to issue warrants, or take some effectual care that the roads and ways from Launceston to Bodmin be levelled, and the trees and hedges cut fit for travelling with coaches, &c.| It was also notified to him that both the judges were to lye in one house, and that fiirniture and bedding, and other accommodation, were to be provided accordingly.

The arrangements made seem to have given general satisfaction to the judges, barristers, and

gentlemen of the county ; which, having been represented to the Earl of Radnor, then Lord

Lieutenant, he assured the mayor and burgesses that so long as he held that office the summer

assizes should always be held at Bodmin. § This pledge seems to have been kept, for the summer

assizes continued to be held at Bodmin until the year 1727, when they were again removed to

Launceston, and the alternate arrangement was not resumed until the year 1738, after which

date it obtained until 1837.

& s. d.

* 1071. May 10. Paid Mr. John Wpl)her for the town mare 9 0 0

To Warden Kessell to go to London 5 0 0

Ang. 24. Paid Warden Kessell for hi.s paines and horsehire to ride to Mr. Penhallow abont the

.mare • 0 5 0

Paid Warden Kestell for labour and paines to ride to London about the assizes 5 0 0

Paid by myself towards the charges of the carrying on the business of the assizes at

London 5 0 0

There was five poundes disbursed by Mr. Humphrey Williams towardes the charges

carrying on the bnsines of the assizes at London

Alsoe Mr. Richard Opie disbursed tenne poundes on the same.

Received for the towne mare clear of all charges 4 0 0

— Mayor's Accounts.

t Act ] Geo. II. cap. xlv.

X Wc find in the Corporation Accounts under the date of 2.")th July, 171C, the following item:—

£ s. d. " Given to John Alford for rideing to Poison Bridge against the judges to shew the way 0 10 (»

" Repaireing the Great Hall against the assizes and other oecessary charges before and at the a.ssizes

Total £278 2 0."

§ Bodmin Reg. pp. 81-91.

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PARISH OF BODMIN.

THE GAOL.

The above airangement naturally led to improved gaol accommodation. Until late in the last century the common gaol for criminals was within the castle of Launceston, and had been so from time immemorial. The accommodation therein, which had always been bad and insuffi- cient, had, from natural decay and otlier obvious causes, gradually become quite inadequate for the requirements of the county. It was necessary therefore that some course should be taken, and the central position of Bodmin and its natural advantages of healthy air, good soil, and abmidance of pure and wholesome water naturally led to the selection of this town as the site of the new gaol,* and an Act of Parliament f was obtained for its erection. Tliis building was to contain not only a gaol for criminals, but also a ward or prison for debtors, and a house of correction for persons guilty of minor offences. J

Tlie land required for the erection of the gaol was granted by the corporation, beuig a part of Berrycombe, otherwise Burcom, situate about half a mile from the town. It lies on the slope of a steep hill facing the south. This building was designed and executed under the direc- tion of John Call of Whitford House, esq. one of the justices of peace for the county, Mr. Jones of Exeter assisting as an architect. IL-. Call was an eminent military engineer, and had held several lucrative offices in the presidency of Madras.§ About the year 1855 the original gaol was by degi'ees entirely removed, and a new gaol was erected on an extended site in the same situation from designs by Mr. Porter of London, architect. It contains cells for 250 prisoners, a debtors' ward, chapel, &,c. witliin the walls, and without are residences for the governor and chaplain.

Under the powers given by the original Act for the construction of the gaol a copious stream of pure water was brought through the fields from Fairwash. Pipes have recently been laid for carrying it into a tank above the governor's house, whence it is carried through every ward for the supply of baths and otlier pui-poses, and afterwai'ds flows off through the sewers.

Bodmin gaol has thus become one of the most perfect in the West of England. The local prisons at Falmouth, Penzance, and Helston have recently been abolished, and all offenders are now brought to Bodmin for imprisonment, the gaol establishment at Launceston having been finally closed in 1829.

The present governor is Capt ColviU and the chaplain the Rev. W. F. Everest.

* Mr. George Browne records in his diary, under date of 7th Aug. 1776, ■' Dined with the Grand .lurr at Hawkins, when it was agreed to bnild a new gaol at Bodmin."

t Act 18 Geo. in. cap. 17.

J These two latter had been situated in Bodmin for many rears, the former in Prison Lane, now called Union Street, and the latter at the Church Stile (where Mr. Wright's Brewery now stands).

In 1686, however, we find that prisoners were confined at Lostwithiel, as appears from entries in the registers of that parish, e.g.: —

" Walter Cock, a prisoner, was buried 6 Jan."

•'John Caunter, a prisoner, was buried 14 Jan."

§ He was the eldest son of John Call of Launcels, in this county, esq. and was created a Baronet in 1791. Arms; Gu. three trumpets fessways in pale or.

ASSIZE COURTS. — TOWN HAIX. — NATIONAL SCHOOLS. 9

ASSIZE COURTS AND MAYORALTY.

In the year 1837, upon the removal of the summer assizes from Launceston to Bodmin, it became desirable to provide additional accommodation for the courts.* Accordingly the old church of the Grey Friars (usually called the Refectory) was taken down, and new courts with convenient accommodation for the grand jury, &c. were erected on the site. The front is built of granite ashlar, and, though plain, has a good and substantial appearance. At the same time the judges' lodgings were rebuilt in a similar manner from a design by Mr. Joseph Paseoe of this town. The expense was borne by the county. The architect and contractor was Mr. Burt of Launceston.

THE TOWN HALL.

The Town Hall, which is a convenient building, although in its present form of no great antiquity, is situate in Fore Street. It is not unlikely, however, that it stands on the site of the ancient house of St Petrock,t which was in this street.

THE NATIONAL SCHOOLS.

Very commodious new buildings, with playgrounds annexed, were erected in 1864-5, on a site given by T. J. A. Robartes, Esq. in the new road leading to the Beacon. The buildings were designed by Mr. Goodyear, architect, of Bodmin, and the funds for their erection, amounting to about 1,150?., were raised by the voluntary contributions of the inhabitants and non-resident proprietors, assisted by grants from the Committee of Privy Council on Education, and the National Society. The schools will accommodate 300 childi-en and are supported by subscrip- tions, &c. &c.

MEETING-HOUSES.

Tliere are several meeting-houses of Dissenters in the parish, all of which have been erected within the present century.

Wesleyan Meeting-House. — Tlie earliest is that of the Wesleyan Methodists, which was

• An Aot of Parliament was obtained in 183(1 intituled "An Act for building new Courts of Assize at Bodmin for the County of Cornwall, and for providing .Judges' Ixidgings, and other Purposes connected therewith." (6 Will. IV. Sept. 1836.)

t " Item. I paidc to John Hclyer for taking downe of the Roife and fErounte of the house of Seynte Petrock in the forcstrett: xx""." Accounts of Receivers-General of the Town, 18 and 19 Hen. VII.

Note. There are many other charges during this year for materials and labour in rebuilding this house.

D

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10 PAEISH OF BODMIN.

erected in Fore Street, in the year 1803, as appears from a deed dated 18 June, 43 Geo. III., enrolled in the Exchequer;* whereby Edward Peter Schobell vested in trustees, "to be exclusively appropriated for the Wesleyan form of worship, a newly-erected meeting-house, with a yai-d or garden attached." This building has been converted into a day and Sunday-school. A new and more commodious building was erected under a deed dated 22 February, 1839, which will accommodate about 800 persons. To this was attached a burial-ground, which has now been closed against interments. The Wesleyan body at present in connection with this building consists of 188 members.

Lady Huntingdon'' s Meeting-House. — In the year 1804 the Independents erected a meeting- house in a small court in Honey Street, which some time afterwards was transferred to the trustees of Lady Huntingdon's Connexion. Formerly some portions of the Book of Common Prayer were used by the minister, vested in a surplice, but this practice has for many years been discontinued. Interments have taken place in the com-t-yard adjoining this building. The old building having become dilapidated and the accommodation being very small, a site has been secured in Fore Street, whereon it is intended to erect a new building in a Gothic style of architcctm-e, capable of accommodating about 450 persons on the floor ; underneath which it is intended there shall be a convenient school-room. To carry out this object funds are being collected.

Meeting-House of " The Bible Christians." — This sect is usually known as "the Bryanites," but we miderstand they do not accept the designation. It was founded about fifty years ago by a Mr. W. O'Bryan, a native of Luxnlyan, and a local preacher of the Wesleyan connexion, who separated himself from that body and drew after him many followers. The number increased so rapidly that in 1819 it was considered proper to hold a conference for the formal organization of the society. It soon became manifest that Mr. O'Bryan desired to rule the society according to liis own will, notwithstanding the decisions of the conference, and in 1829 a schism -occurred between him and most of the ministers; soon afterwards he departed to America. It was now necessary that some name should be adopted for the purpose of distinguishing this from other dissenting bodies, when the designation of " Bible Christians " was determined upon.

The "Bible Christians" have existed in Bodmin from their first establishment, and their meeting-house not affording sufiicient accommodation, a new one, which will seat 300 persons, with a school-room underneath, was erected in Bore Lane in 1851. f The present number of members is sixty-five. There are twenty school-teachers and ninety children.

United Methodist Free Church Meeting-House. — This is situate in Pool Street, sometimes called Back Street, J and is built on the site of an older meeting-house erected in the bcgimiing

* Exch. Pleas, 43 Geo. III. Trinity ni. 13 li. t Deed em-olled in Chancery.

t In a deed dated 24 Feby. 1724, by whicb Stephen Marshall of Bodiiiiu, peiTuke maker, conveyed to William Northey of the same place, barker, a garden in Back Street, such garden i,s described as being bounded on the east with a new- erected house, " commonly called the Meeting-house or Conventicle." Deed in the collection of the author.

THE MARKET- HOUSE. — THE GILBERT MONUMENT. 11

of tlio eighteeuth centmy, but for what denomination of Dissenters we are ignorant. The present building was erected in 1842,* and will accommodate nearly 300 persons. Tlie same denomination have another meeting-house at Fletcher's Bridge in this parish, ei-ected in 1837.

The Roman Catholics have a chapel at the west end of the town, near the asylum.

THE MARKET-HOUSE.

In the yeui' 1815 a Bill was brought into Parliament to empower the mayor and burgesses to inclose and sell common lands within the borough for tlie purpose of repairing tlie church and providing a new market -house. The project for the inclosure of the commons was so luipopular among the townspeople that it caused considerable rioting and disturbance, and eventually tliat portion of the Bill which related to the commons was withdrawn, and an Act was obtained tor providing a market-house only. Nearly twenty-five j'ears elapsed before the project was carried into effect; but in the year 1839 a now and convenient market-house was erected in Fore Street, from designs by Mr. William Harris of Bristol, at an expenditiu'e of something more than 3,000/. which was paid from the fmids of the mayor and common council. Previously to the erection of this building the corn market was held in the assize hall.

In 10J9,| a " butter house," or market, had been erected in Fore Street at the angle between Honey Street and St. Nicholas Street, whilst meat, vegetables, fruit, &c. were exposed for sale in the street and on Mount Folly. On the erection of the new market-house, the butter market was taken down, and a clock tm'ret erected on the site to contain a clock presented to the town by Capt. Collins, R.N. of Trewardale.

THE GILBERT MONUMENT.

Wo have already alluded to this structure. It was erected by subscription at a cost of n])wards of 1,500/. in memory of Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert, Baronet, in the years 185G and 1857 ; the town council, at a meeting held on the 24th May 1854, ha\'ing undertaken that the whole area of the Beacon, consisting of 17.2 acres, should be kept uninclosed, for the use and recreation of the public. It consists of an obelisk 144 feet in height, standing on a square plinth or pedestal, all of granite, and from its lofty altitude is a cons]>icuous object at many miles distant. On the several faces of the pedestal arc the following inscriptions : —

* Enrolled in Chancery.

t In the mayor's accounts we find the following item relating to this bnildiiig: " 1C79. Paid to M'Bulioikc tor lilieriy to draw stones lor the Butter House, 2s. Gii."

12

PARISH OF BODMIN,

On Xiirthface of Pedestal. WALTER . RALEIGH . GILBERT.

On East face of Pedestal.

BOBN MABCH . 18 . 1785.

On West face of Pedestal.

DIED

10™ MAT. 1853.

[On South face of Pedestal, cut on a projecting tablet or oblong slab, supported by two brackets. The obelisk, the pedestal, tablet, and brackets being all of granite. Thirty-one lines on tablet, besides those on brackets below it.]

Inieription.

To the Memory of

WALTER RALEIGH GILBERT,

Lientenant-General in the Bengal Army,

who, after sharing as a Subaltern

in the Campaigns of 1803 and 1804 under Lord Lake,

greatly distinguished himself in 1845 and 1846

as Major-General commanding

the second diTision of the Army in the Battles of

MOODKEE, FEKOZSHA, and SOBBAON,

in the sutleje ;

and subsequently in 1849 in those of

CHILLIAXWALA and GOOJEBAT,

in the PtrxjAB.

And having eventually compelled the Sikh Chiefs

to surrender themselves to him at rawul plndee,

with their whole Force of 16,000 Men and 41 Guns,

drove their Afgan Allies across the Indus,

and thus brought the WAR to a triumphant conclusion.

For which distinguished Services

the Queen conferred on him the dignity of

a Baronet and the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ;

the Houses of Parliament twice voted him thanks ;

the Court of Directors appointed him to the Supreme Council in India;

AND THIS MONUMENT,

raised on this spot,

at the earnest request of his fellow-townsmen of BODMIN,

has been erected by Companions in Arms and private Friends,

in testimony of their admiration

of his eminent Public Sen-ices as a Soldier

and of their regard and respect for his

Estimable Personal Qualities.

Erected in 1856 and 1857.

[Inscriptions on Brackets.]

E. Gilbert Hamley, Mayor.

RACES. — WATERWORKS. — PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES. 13

BODMIN RACES.

In tlie last century races were held at Bodmin. The course was partially on Cardinham Downs, the winning-post and principal stand being near Council Barrow on Bodmin Downs, These races were discontinued in consequence of quarrels among the county fomilies, and the ill-feeling engcndei'ed on account of the election contest between Sir John St. Aubyn and Mr. Gregor in 1790. In 1806 the sports were resumed through the influence of the late Lord de Dunstanville, then lately become the patron of the borough. The coui-se was now set out wholly on Bodnu'n Downs, the grand stand and winning-post being placed near Holton Gate. The nobility and gentry of the county gave their cordial support. From an advertisement in the Taunton Courier of 27th July 1809, it appears that in that year the races were to be held on the 22nd and 23rd August, and that horses had been entered by Lords Mount Edgcumbe, Falmoutli, Eliot, and de Dunstanville, and by se^■eral of the principal gentlemen of the county. Ordinaries were provided, and tliero was a ball each evening. These races continued to flourish until the peace ; but upon the opening up of the continent to English tourists after the cessation of the war, from which they had been debari-ed for many years, English gentlemen sought their amusements abroad, and Bodmin Races gradually declined in interest, until they wholly ceased about the year 1825. They were again resumed in 1833, through the instrumentality of Colonel Gilbert, after- wards Lieut. -General Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert, Baronet, and continued until that distinguished officer left England for India in 1842.

WATERWORKS.

Heretofore, in drj' seasons, Bodmin has suffered much inconvenience from a scarcity of water, almost the only supply for the whole town, in such circumstances, being the unfailing spring of St. Petrock's well in the churchyard; but this is a mile distant from the western part of the town. Measures have been recently adopted for supplying this prime necessaiy from a spring called " Butter Well," close to the river Alan, near Dunmere. The water is forced by means of double-action pum])s worked by a water-wheel 15 feet in diameter and 8%et in breadth, impelled by water from the river, to a perpendicular height of 451 feet, and is carried to a reservoir on the " Beacon," 150 feet higher than the highest part of the town. The pumps will raise 200,000 gallons daily, and the reservoir will contain 250,000 gallons. From the reservoir it is carried through pipes for the supjjly of the houses in the town, and it is also, occasionally, used for watering the streets by means of a hose.

PRIMEVAL ANTIQUITIES.

There arc within the parish of Bodmin two considerable encampments or hill castles, the most important of which is Castle Canyke, about one mile south-east of the town. The other is situate in Dunmere Wood, about two miles on the north-west side. About one and a half mile

14 PARISH OF BODMIN.

still further on the north-west, at Penearrow, is found another similar fortification, a fourth about a mile east of Dunmere at Penhargurtl, and a fifth very near Penhargard on Lower Helland. These camps have the appearance of having been consti-ucted at a very remote period, and their object has been assumed to have been a defence of the valley of the river Alan and of the coxintry lying between that river on the north and the river Fowey on the south. It has been conjectured that this line formed the frontier between the rival tribes of the Damnonii and the Cornubii. If this theory be correct, we may consider that in connexion with "these enti-enehments were the important works known as Castle-an-Dinas, neai" St. Colimib, about nine miles west by south of Castle Canyke ; Cardinham Bury, about four miles on the north-east ; Bury Down, about nine miles on the south-east ; and Castle Dor, in the parish of Lanlivery ; and also Kelly -rounds about two and a half miles north-west from PencaiTow ; whilst Slichaelstow Beacon, a rectangular encampment, lies about eight and a half miles due north from Castle Canyke. Many of tliese forts command a view of each other, and, supposing the theory to be correct, might have formed a most important chain of fortifications. Their irregular, detached, and somewhat isolated positions would lead a modern strategist, perhaps, to doubt the design attributed to them, whilst several of them are nevertheless too close to each other to favour the hypothesis that they were the sti'ong- holds of local rival tribes.

We shall here proceed to give a short description of the two first mentioned as being within the parish of Bodmin. Those at Pencarrow, Kelly-rounds, Penhargard, Lower Helland, and Michaelstow will be noticed under the parishes within which they are severally situate. The other three are beyond the compass of this work.

Castle Canyke. — This entrenchment, which is situate on the crest of a hill, contains in area about 18 acres,- and is nearly circular. (See PL V. fig. I.) There appear to have been two ramparts, but they are now nearly obliterated. The entrance seems to have been on the south side, but so many breaches have been made in the rampai't that it is difiicult to speak with precision. About 300 yards on the west of the camp was a tumulus, which was probably a place of sepulture. Such tumuli are frequently found near the camps in Cornwall.*

The land upon which tliis camp is constructed was coumion until within the last forty years, about which time it was inclosed, and hedges have been made to intersect the castle itself The height of this castle above the level of the sea is 520 feet, being, Mr. WaOis observes,! the exact height of the great pjTamid of Egypt from the ground. It commands an extensive view. In the valley below, on the south-west, close to Halgaver Moor, is a ravine called the " Dragon Pit."

Dunmere. — This entrenchment has a single vallum of an irregular oval form (see Plate V. fig. II.), and a ditch varying from 8 feet to 18 feet in depth, having only one entrance, which is on the north-east It commands the valley of the Alan. On the eastern side, for neai'ly one-half of its circumference, it is skirted by an ancient road or track, leading on the north towards Pen- carrow, and extending on the south in a south-easterly direction. Of this more presently.

Tregaer. — Near the village of Nanstallan, about two and a half miles from Bodmin, and about 450 yards from the river Alan, were discovered, about the beginning of the present century,

* M'Lanchlan, Report of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, 1849. t Bodmin Register, 403.

Plaie V.

ANCIENT BRITISH ROADS AND TRACK-WAYS. 15

the remains of a small Roman camp. Two coppei- coins of Vesjiasian and a brass ounce coin of Trajan, the latter in excellent preservation, had been previously found in a stream-work near the spot. The site had the appearance of an oblong field, as the ditch was filled up, in clearing out which for the purposes of manure, urns of common clay, and some also of fine red pottery orna- mented with leaves, were found and broken ; * as also some coins of the Emperors abo\'e mentioned. The farm on which tiie camp stands is called Tregaer — " the place of the camp.''''

The situation of the camp is on a gentle declivity, having the i-iver in fi"ont, and a small stream on two sides. The form is a parallelogram, with sides about 330 feet and 260 feet. The hedges on the north and west and on the south are tlie remains of tlie rampart. The east lias been destroyed, though traces of it are still apparent ; but this side would not seem to be at right angles to the other two. The corners are rounded off. The entrance appears to have been about the middle of the north side. (See Plate V. fig. III.)

There was formerly a tumulus near the entrance to the camp, about .5 feet high, which has been taken away for manure; and, where the ground appeared to. have been enriched by some animal or otlier deposit, several holes have been dug for the same purpose. The tumulus was formed of stones, which appeared to have been taken from the bed of the river ; and in the centre was a compartment containing some ashes, showing it to have been a place of sepulture.

Tliis camji commands the ford across the river at Nanstallan.

ANCIENT BRITISH ROADS AND TRACK- WAYS.

An ancient track or road leads through the dense wood in whicli Dunmcre Camp is situate from the direction of Pencarrow, and, after skirting about one-half of the camp, continues in a south-westerly direction towards Dunmere Bridge, when, sweeping around to the west, it is, for a short distance, lost in the cultivated meadows. We quickly find it again passing up over the rough pastures above Boscarne, in the direction of " Kelly-rounds."

Branching from this road, at the north-east corner of the field numbered 2(56,5, are traces of another road, consisting of a broad track, running due .south. It is continuous with the road through Boscarne to the ford of the Alan, not far from Tregaer. Probably, however, Tregaer Camp had no direct connection with this system of roads, but was constructed at a later period by the Romans to command the passage of the ri^er. After crossing the ford below Boscarne, and ])assing through Pendewcy, it probably occupied the site of the present road, and proceeded by the Asylum to Castle Canyke. Whether it passed through the present town or skirted the Beacon along a line of ancient hedges, breaking out of tlio cultivated meadows near the Militia Store-house, is uncertain. From the Storehouse a rough bine or track leads directly to the Castle, passing it on the soutli side, and leading on to Carminow, where the Cross is (No. 14), though it is not now traceable to the Cross itself. From this road anotlicr branches off which skirts the Castle rampart on the west side. From Carminow the ancient road appears to have proceeded towards Fletcher's Bridge,

* Bodmin Register, pp. 51, 401.

16 PARISH or BODMIN.

and there crossing the valley, perhaps, proceeded over Pinchla Down to Cardinham Bury. The ancient track leading from Carmiuow to Fletcher's Bridge was preserved as a road when the commons were inclosed some forty years ago, but it is now almost impassable. From Castle Canyke there were also probably communications with Castle Dor and Bury Down. Further investigation will, we hope, enable us to confirm these conjectures and make additional discoveries respecting the British roads in this neighbourhood.*

BAEROWS.

Altliough barrows are abundant, generally, on the high lands of Cornwall, there seem not to have been many within the parish of Bodmin. We have noticed one in connection with Castle Canyke. This was half destroyed in 1849 when M'Lauchlan made his plan, and can scarcely now be traced. Three small ones on the Beacon are shovra on the Ordnance M.aji. These also have disappeared. One at Tregaer we have mentioned as having been taken away for manure. Tliere seem to bo indications of some along the line of ancient road over the high ground of Boseame; and one still exists, as shown on the Ordnance Map, on Penaliggen Down (in the inclosnre called " Higher Park," marked 279G on the Tithe Map), near the conjectural pro- lono-ation of the said road towai'ds " Kellv-rounds."

* It is due to the Rev. WiBiam lago of Bodmin that we should here express our sense of the great obligations we owe him for very valuable assistance in these searches, and, generally, in the investigation and delineation of the antiquities of Bodmin.

17

EARLY CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS.

Tliere are also in this parisli many wayside crosses worthy of notice, but less attention Avoukl seem to have been paid to them than to those in the parish of Blisland. Several of the latter h;i(l been engraved in Mr. Blight's valuable book on " The Ancient Crosses, &c. in the East of Cornwall," but one only of the Bodmin wayside crosses found a place therein, viz.:—

No. 9, which is described as being near Berry Tower. Tlie symbol on this cross is of the Greek type. Tlie cross formerly stood where the three ways meet near the ancient buildino; now used as a barn at Berry. It has, within the last few years, been removed from its original site, and is now placed within tlie cemetery close to the tower. This cross stands 4ft, Sin. in lieiglit, and is 1ft. Tin. in breadth at the head. In the annexed engraving the doorway of the old Berry Tower is shown at the back, and the new workhouse appears in the distance.

No. !l.

No. 10. This is the head of a ci'oss representing on its principal face the Crucifixion a .sunken panel with a foliated head, the figures of our Lord, St. John, and the Blessed being in bas-relief. This cross also has been figiu'cd by Mr. Blight, but in his engraving the figure of our Lord is not shown with the legs crossed. At the ends are sculptured figures of l)ishops, and at the back is a recess in which j)robably was a group similar to tliat described, but tlie slab is lost : some portion of the cement with which it was fixed yet remains. This stone is 1ft, Cm. in i)roadth at the lower edge, and 1ft. Sin. in height. On the lower face tlio stone is smoothed for three from the edge, bu) the middle remains rough as if for fixing. It was doubtless fixed on and ])robably formed a churchyard cross. ♦.

within Virgin

No. in.

lIlClU'S

a shaft,

18

PARISH OF BODMIN.

No. 11.

■^^f^-

No. 13.

No. 11. Set up in the churcliTard is a fragment of the shaft of a cross. It stands 3ft. 4in. in height, is square, with the angles chamfered off, and tajjeriug towards the top. The sides average in width 7 inches. It was formerly used as the hinge-post at the door of the well at " the Bore." On the sides are sculptured figui'es, some of them under crocketed canopies. Li workmanship it very nearly resembles the cross- head last described, and may have formed a portion of the shaft of that cross. There are, however, difficulties in the way of this conjecture.

No. 12 is a fine round-headed cross fractiu'ed on one side. The sjnnbol is of the Greek type. This cross formerly stood by the wayside at the top of (Jastle Street HiU, close to the comer of the inelosure marked 1096 on the parish map ; but when the fence of the more modern inclosm'e was built, about 40 years ago, the cross was removed and laid over a well in the adjoining meadow, whei'e it stiU remains.* Tlie length of this cross is 6ft. 4in.. breadth of standard 1ft. 3in., diameter of head 2ft.

No. 13. In a field numbered 1130 on the l)arish map, near the turnpike gate at Callywith, is a round-headed cross with crucial projections. The symbol, which is surrounded by a circle, has parallel sides and equilateral arms. This cross is now close to a modern hedge near the corner of a more ancient inclosiu'e. Height i>ft. 3in., breadth of the standard 1ft. 3in., breadth of the head 1ft. 9in.. thickness 9 inches. Reverse the same as the obverse.

No. 14. Carminow Cr-oss. — Tliis cross is situate on tlie boundary between the parishes of Bodmin and Lan- hvdrock. Tlie tenement in which it is found has pro- bably taken its name from the cross, which is doubtless

* This information was obtained from Stcplien KoseTeare, agcil 82, who resides in one of the cottages adjoining the meadow, who remembered the removal of the cross, and pointed out to the Author its original site.

EAULY CHRISTIAN MONUMENTS.

19

of greater antiquity than tlie inelosiu'cs. . Tlie family of Carniinow formerly held the manor of Lanhydrock, and it is possible that the name may have been given to the cross in comparatively modern times when the tenement on which it stands was inclosed. The cross, though short, has a very fine head, measuring 3 foet in diameter, pierced ^vitll four holes. It stands transversely to the hedge which has been built nearly over it, and consequently it is verj- much concealed. It will be found on the north side of the inclosurc numbered 1325 on the parish map.

No. 15. This is a tall elegant cross 7ft. Sin. in height, breadth of the standard 1ft. 3iu., breadth of the head 2ft. 2in. The symbol, which is narrow, is of the Greek type, and is set in a sunken panel. The reverse is the same, except that there is a small pit in the centre. The cross is now set up upon a modern drinking-ti'ongh near the gaol, which in the annexed engraving forms the background.

It is probable that there was formerly a cross at Nanstallan, for we find there several closes adjoining the village called respectively, " the Cross," " Cross Park," &c. We have failed to discover the cross itself; but as tlu'oe ways meet contiguous to these fields, we have little doubt the site of it was at this junction. It is remarkable how many proofs exist in Cornwall of the Christian worship having succeeded the Pagan. The worship of Diana was, in early ages, very general ; and as Trivia, which was one of her many names, she was commemorated almost overyAvhere where three roads met, and very fre- quently we find that the Christian symbol of the cross has succeeded the Pagan altar in such situa- tions.

No. 14.

20

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

Pkiory of St. Mary the Virgin and St. Petrock.

In the account which we gave of the parish of Blisland we treated of the manor and lord- ship before we noticed the advowson and the church, because the latter arose out of, and were dependent upon, the former. In writing of the parish of Bodmin we propose to adopt a different course. The priory of St. Petrock was settled here at so early a date as to take precedence of all other institutions — the manor, the bor<3ugh, and also the church, were for centuries dependent upon the prior and convent.

The early history of the priory is covered with a cloud of thick darkness, which many learned men ha\e attempted to remove, but their utmost efforts have enabled them to do scarcely more than to lift the veil and to give us a shadowy glimpse of what is behind. We shall not enter into the controversy as to whether Bodmin was or was not the seat of the ancient bishopric of Cornwall.

It is an undoubted fact that the British race accepted Clu-istianity at a very early period, some saj- as early as the second ccntmy at least, and they must, of necessity, have had bishops to rule over them and to transmit the orders of their clergy. Accordingly we find three British bishops at the Council of Aa-iminium in a.d. 359.

Wc have no written records of the early church in Cornwall, though we veuture to think abundant lithographic evidence exists, in tlie numerous crosses which everjnvhere abound, that the Cornubii were a devout Christian race. We must, therefore, be prepared to accept, as a conse- (juence, that they had bishops of. their own, isolated as they were from the other Celtic tribes in Britain ; and this fact is supported by incidental notices in the Welsh Triads, which state that Cornwall was the seat of an archbishop. Our difficulty is in determining at what place his throne was erected. That difHoulty arises from the circumstance that, contrary to the usual practice of the church, the bishops had the designation of Bishops of Cornwall, instead of taking their titles from the places at which their thrones were set.* The 62nd and 64th Triads show that the seat of the Cornish Archbishop was " Celliwig in Cornwall, where Arthur was supreme king." But where was Celliwig ? Some conjecture Callington, which in old deeds is called Kellyton, and others suppose it to* be Calliwith, near Bodmin, though in the parish of Helland.

It is shown, by the late learned Dr. Todd,t that the practice of the Celtic race in Ireland, in respect to their episcopate, was very singular. Bishops were very numerous, often existing in groups of seven, and generally without distinct sees — frequently attached to clans, and sometimes even to monasteries. When one of the petty kings or chieftains embraced Christianity he pro- vided a bishop, sometimes more than one bishop, and other clergy for his sept. The district

* This practice still obtains in onr colonial chnrches anil other dioceses of the Anglo-Catholic communion, e.g. New- Zealand, Newfoundland, Barbadocs, Jamaica. St. Helena, and the Orange River State. t Life of St. Patrick.

ECCLESL\STICAL HISTORY — THE PRIOKT. 21

which owed allegiance to the chieftain became the proper field of labour for his bishop and clergy, and this was the first approach to a territorial jurisdiction in the church of Ireland.

This practice may afford a key to the difficulties which exist in respect to the British bishops of Cornwall. Instead of having a fixed seat, they may have been, in a measure, migratory. The British Chui'ch, it is well known, maintained its independence for several centuries after the arrival of St. Augustine in England, and, consequently, until the conquest of Cornwall by ^Ethelstan in A.D. 926 the Cornish bishops were not subject to the see of Canterbuiy- The submission of Bishop Keiistec to Archbishop Ceolnoth (833 — 870) is the only known exception.

So much for the British bishops. With regard to the episcopate for the Saxon period we are disposed to adopt the conclusion arrived at bj' the late Eev. John Carne,* who, after much patient and independent research, seems satisfactorily to have established the fact, that, during the greater part of the tenth century, the Saxon bishops of Cornwall were seated at Bodmin, and we think it may be fairly concluded that they simply filled the place s of their predecessors. On the conquest of Cornwall by the Saxons the British bishop Conan m ade his submission to Archbishop Wulf- helm and was recognised by King ^thelstan, who formally nominated him to the Cornish see at Bodmin, 5th December 936, and probably he was reconsecrated, as his former consecration would be regarded as uncanonical. Including him, we have at Bodmin during the Saxon period the following succession of prelates : —

1. Conan, 5 th December 936.

2. iEthelgar, time of King Edred, 941 — 955.

3. Ji^thelstan, before 966.

4. Wulffsie, 966 or 967.

5. Comore, time of King Edgar. During his time the Cornish see was removed

to St. Germans, t Bodmin having been destroyed by the Danes.

It seems to be admitted by all the disputants that towards the close of the fifth century, St. Guron, afterwards the patron saint of Goran, had established a hermitage in the wooded valley in which the town of Bodmin is situate. Here he lived a recluse life beside a copious spring of water wliich rises near the west door of the present church.

The circumstances which led to the foundation on this spot of the monastery of St. Pctrock have been variously related in respect to detail, but no doubt exists as to the general historical correctness of the tradition. The founder Petrock was indisputably of the British race. Some writers say he was the son of one of the kings of Wales ; others, which is more probable, that he was a Cornish man, the son of Clement, a Cornish prince or chieftain. All agree that upon the death of his father he refused the dignity of chieftain, to which he had been elected by his people, determining to lead a life of religious seclusion, and it is probable that he took up his abode with St. Guron in the Bodmin valley.

* Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, vol. ii.

t The Cornish bishops seated at St. Germans -n-erc, C. Eldrcd, 980-993; 7. Etlielrcd nlmut 1001; S. Burhwold lictwecn 1002-1016. The sees of Cornwall and Crediton -ncre united in 1042 in the person of Lyvin^r the successor of Burliwold, and the seat of the united bishopric was removed to Exeter in 1050 when Leofric became the first Bishop of Exeter.

22 PARISH OF BODMIN.

At this time Ireland was the most famous school of learning and religion in Eui-ope, perhaps in the world ; and of all the religious houses in tliat island no one was more celebrated than the monastery of Clonai-d, in Meath. Thither, about the end of the fifth century, or the beginning of the sixtli, Peti-ock proceeded for the purpose of studjing theology and the Holy Scriptui-es. He spent a few years at this place ; but whether on leaving he proceeded, in accordance with the devotional feelings and custom of the religious men of the age, immediately on a pilgrimage to Home and Jerusalem, or whether he returned first to Cornwall, is uncertain. We are inclined to adopt the first suggestion, and conclude that he went direct to Rome and to the East to visit the tombs of the most eminent saints and martyrs, and more especially the scenes of Our Lord's suf- ferings. On his retm-n to Cornwall, accompanied by Credanus, Medanus, Dechanus,* and otlier saintly followers, he landed, it is said, at Padstow, and there founded a religious house which was called Lanffanac (Lan-Manaeh), the church of the monks, and afterwards, in memory of its saintly founder, Petrocstowe, contracted into Padstow.f In consequence, however, of this place being greatly exposed to tlie ravages of Saxon and other pii-ates, it is said that the monastery was removed fiirther into the interior of the country, and probably St. Petrock's affection for Bodmin, as the place of the retirement of his youth, had no small share in determining upon that place as the site of his new house, St. Guron resigning to liim his hermitage. J Leland says that Constan- tine, the successor of King Arthur, and Teudurus, another cliieftain of renown, aided Petrock in his work, and gave him a suitable site for the monastery which he built. § Here, then, at Bodmin, he founded liis monastery, adopting the rule of St. Benedict. It is not unlikely, however, that a cell was still retained at Padstow.

It is stated by some writers that St Petrock || died at Padstow and his body being removed to Bodmin a church was built to his memory, which King Edward the Elder, in a.d. 905, made the seat of the episcopal see. AD are agreed, however, that St. Petrock's bones found here their last resting-place ; and Leland says, that, upon King -S^thelstan's conquest of Cornwall in 92G, he found here British monks following the rule of St. Benedict, to whom he granted such great privileges and endowments that he is accounted the founder of tlie monastery. Leland says : "■ Tlie late priory of Blake Chanons stoode at the est ende of the paroch cliireh-yard of Bodmyne. St. Petrocus was patrone of this, and sumtjone dwellyd ther. There hath bene monkes, then nunnys, then seculare prestes, then monkes agayn, and last canons regulai- in St. Petroke's chirch."

These variations should be received with some caution ; nevertheless it is certain tliat the house suflered much from A'arious causes diunnir the first two or three centuries after its founda- tion. Tlie place was devastated by the Danes in the year 981, at which time the Bishop's see was

* Xeland says all these three saints were buried at Bodmin. De Script. Brit. 61.

t Padstowe is almost invariably called Aldestowe in the early records.

i Leland's Coll. i. 75. § De Script. Brit. 41.

II St. Petrock was greatly venerated by the British Christians. Many churches are dedicated to him. In Cornwall we have, Bodmin, Padstow, Little Petherick, alias St. Petrock Minor, and Trevajga; and in Devon, West Anstey, South Brent, Clannaborough, St. Petrock in Exeter, Holiaccmbc, Lidford, and Petiockstow.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE PRIORY. 23

removed for greater security to St. Germans ; and the priory suffered much also from tlie alienation of its lauds both before and after the Conquest.

We should here advert to the very valuable MS. copy of the fom- Gospels which foi'merh' belonged to the church of Bodmin. It was purchased by Mr. Eodd, a London bookseller, at the sale of the Wheatley Park Library, near Uxbridge, a few years ago, and was sold by him to the British Museum for thirty guineas* After the Gospels follow the entries of forty-six manu- missions of serfs or villans, which took place at the altar of St. Petrock between the years 941 and 101(3. An examination of the names of the persons mentioned in the manumissions goes far to establish the fact of the ascendancy, thus early acquired, of the Saxon over the British race ; indeed, it shows that the conquest of Cornwall formed no exception to the rule that the peojjle of the conquered race were despoiled generally of their possessions, and reduced to slavery. The names of most of the clergy and witnesses are Saxon, whilst those of the serfs are nearly all British. The entries commenced in the reign of Eadmund, who himself, on two occasions, granted serfs their ti-eedom on the altar of St. Petrock.

.Sltlielstan is said to have been a great benefactor to this priory ; but the earliest grant of which we have any distinct knowledge is one of Eadred,t who granted and confirmed to the prior and canons of Bodmin and their successors for ever the manor of Newton, J with its appur- tenances, in the county of Devon, free of all services, except prayers to God. Two of the manu- missions above referred to were for the restoration to health of this King, who died in 955.

In the time of King Edward the Confessor the church of St. Petrock held no fewer than 25 manors, which never paid tax except to the church itself. These manors were —

* Bodmine, now supposed identical with Bodmin.

* Lanwenehoc ,, „ St. Enedock? in St. Minver.

* Rieltone ,, ,, Ryalton. Lanchehoc „ ' „ Lanhydrock.

t Tiwarthel ,, ,, Tywarnhayle.

t Elhil „ „ Trelill? in St. Juliot.

t Calestoch ,, ,, Callestock, in Perranzabuloe.

t Cargav „ ,, Cargol, in Nowlyn.

t Trelloi ,, ,, Treloy, in St. Columb Minor.

t Heglosenudcr „ ,, St. Enoder, in St. Enoder.

t Botcinni ,, ,, Bossiney of Tintagel.

t Tremail ,, ,, Tremeal, in Davidstow.

t Poh'ode „ „ Polrode.

Turgoil ,, ,, Trecarrell? in Lozant.

Fosnewit ,, „ Forsnewth, in St. Clcre.

* Elil „ „ Trelill, in St. Kew.

* Adcll. MS. '.1.381.

t This grant is referred to in a charter of 'u lien. 111. (stt Dugclale's Moiiasticun, last ed.)

J Ilcnee afterwards called Newton St. Petrock.

24 PARISH OF BODMIN.

* Wiclie, now supposed identical with Witliiel-Goose, in Witliiel.

* Tretdeno „ ,, Trenewith, in Tintagel. Cudiford „ „ Codiford Farlegh, in St. Wenn.

I Tregon* „ „ Tregonan, in St. Ewe.

X Trefoi'noc ,, „ Trevornock? in St. Columb.

t Trenhal „ „ Treuhale, in St. Erth.

I Talcarn „ „ Talcarn ? in Northill, or Minster.

X Tremhor „ „' Tremoore, in Lanivet.

I Nancliert „ „ Lancarffe.

I Trionee „ „ Treniwick, in Gorran.

Of a large portion of these lands the church had been despoiled during the troublous time of the Conquest, for it appears from the Domesday Sm'vey, that at that date the only manors held by the priory in demesne were the manors marked thus (*). Those mai-ked thus (f) had been seized by the Earl of Moreton and were held of the church, and those marked thus (X) had been taken away altogether and were held by the said Earl, or his sub-feudatories. Of the four remaining manors Cudiford had been taken away and was held by the king. Lanchehoc was held by Berner of St. Petrock, Ricard held Tregoil, and Machus Fosnewit,t in the same manner.

Of the manors which at the time of the Domesday Survey remained in the possession of the church of Bodmin it will be necessary to notice, particularly, on the present occasion, the manor of Bodmin only, of which the following is the record : — " Saint Peti'ock has one manor which is called Bodmine, which the same saint held on the day on which King Edward was alive and dead. In it there is one hide of land which at no time paid tax. This four ploughs can plough. Upon that land there are five villans who have two ploughs and six bordars and five acres of small wood and thirty acres of pasture, and in the same manor St. Petrock has sixty and eight houses and one mai-ket, and the whole together is worth by the year twenty-five shillings."

The Earl, in addition to the manors beforementioned, had taken away unjustly from St. Petrock one hide of land, " because of which King William ordered that it should be held to judgment, and that the saint should be again restored to possession, according to justice."

As these spoliations must have very considerably diminished the revenues of the priory, we cannot be surprised that it was necessary to re-organise, if not to re-found, the house. This was accordingly done by William Warelwast, Bishop of Exeter fi-om 1107 to 113G, who settled therein reo-ular canons of the Order of St. Augustine.^ Under the auspices of Bishop Warelwast, it is said, by Leland, Algar,§ a nobleman, erected the conventual c]iurch|| and assisted in the endow-

* The Priory of St. Petrock held also two manors in Devon, Holecoma (HoUacombe in Black Torrington) and Kietona (Newton St. Petrock), the latter having been granted by King Eadrcd as above stated.

t Fosnewit (Fosnuthe) was restored again to the priory, and just before the Dissolution was granted to John Tubbe of TrengofEe, esq. (See deposition of William Bere, gent.)

X Their founder, St. Augustine, died Bishop of Hippo on 28th August, 430. His order of regular canons dates its origin after his promotion to the episcopate, about the year 396, and that of his hermits about eight years earlier.

§ In the time of King Edward Algar held Tewarthal of the church of St. Petrock, and also Henliston Calestock, Trehinock, and Berge. This could not be the same. || Collect, i. 70.

ECCLESIASTICAIi HISTORY — THE PRIORY. 25

ment of the establishment,* A dole of one shilling was given weekly to the poor for the benefit of the founder's soul ; a custom observed initil the dissolution of the priory. In its temporal and spiritual welfai'e his successors in the see of Exeter invarialily manifested a special interest.f

William is the first prior of whom we have any record. He witnessed a deed of Robert Chichester, Bishop of Exeter between 1138 and 1155, and his name occurs again in 1171. f

Ror/er was prior in 1177, in which year Martyn, one of the canons, secretly carried away the body of St. Petrock and fled with it to the abbey of St. Mevenus,§ in Bretagne. With the powerful intervention of the king, and by the use of strong tlu'eatening in case of refusal on the part of Roland de Dinan, justiciary of Britanny,|| Prior Roger obtained from the abbot and monks of St. Mevenus the restitution of the body, and rctui-ned to England with his precious charge inclosed in an ivory shell. At Winchester it was brought into the king's presence, who, having seen and adored, permitted the prior to return with it in peace to Bodmin.^ In the same year, 1177, Roger is referred to in a deed at Tregothnan.

King John, in the first year of his reign, confirmed ** to the prior and convent of Bodmin all their lands and tenements in woods and plains, in meadows and pastm'es, in ways and footways, in waters and weirs and fisheries, in miUs and ponds, in ports and markets within boroughs and without, and in all places, to hold in peace and quietness to the said church of Bodmin, as it was freely and quietly held in time of the king's great-grandfather (Henry I.), and of the king's father (Henry II.), with soc and sac, toU and them, and infangenethef, and with all other liberties and customs as held in the time of the said kings ; and the King granted to the said canons the fishery uj)on the Alan, and the wood of Bodan, with appurtenances, to be held of the King and his heirs in free, pure, and perjietual alms ; dated 13th Dec. 1 John. ft The Bishop of Exeter was patron of this priory. We find a precept issued to the Sheriflf of Cornwall on 8th April, 1215, commanding him to jiermit the bishop to have the priory, and not to molest him therein until the bishop should have showed the King the king's charter and the charters of his ancestors con- cerning the same, wliich the bishop had promised to do in a short space of tinae.JI It is probable this was dm'ing a vacancy in the priory.

Baldwin was prior about the year 1240. He is cited in a deed of 1308 as formerly prior. §§ He is also a witness, together with Osbert, son of Osbert the Propositus of Bodmin, to a grant of land by William Roussell, which he held of Walter le Beera.|||]

Richard was prior in 1255, when he levied a fine of Joynan de Tregrenan of one acre of land in Hensens, and a moiety of the advowson of the church of St. Minver;^l[ and in 12(59 the

* Do Script. Britan. p. Gl. f Oliver's Mon. Exon. p. 1.5. % Trc{;othnan Muniments.

§ He is often calleil St. Meen, and was a native of South Wales. He was appointed by his relation and master St. Sampson to he abbot of St. John Baptist's Monasteiy (afterwards called St. Mcen's) in the diocese of St. Male A.D. 500. He died about A.D. G17. (Oliver.)

11 Of the family of Dinham of Cardinham. Roland died s.p. and made his nephew Alan his heir.

^ An account of this outrage is given in Davies Gilbert's Ilhtnnj nf Cnvnrvall, vol. i. p. 97; sec also "Bodmin Register," pp. 11, 3oC.

•* For this confirmation they gave the King 20 marks of silver. Rotuli de Oblatis, A.D. IID'J, p. .'59.

tt Charter Rolls, 1 .lohn, printed ed. C3. XI t'lose Rolls, 10 .John.

§§ Tregothnan Muniments, No. 1924. |||| Ibid. ft l'^^''^'^ Fi"""". W Hen. III. Mich, No. 12,

H

26 PARISH OF BODMIN.

o-rant was confirmed of the manor of Gargaul, with the advowson of the church of St. Newlyn, whicli had been made by Eoger de Valletort, son of the Lord Roger de Valletort, and brother of the Lords Reginald and Ralph de Valletort. This charter was dated at Bodmin on the Sunday next after the nativity of our Lord in the year of grace 1269.* Prior Richard is also mentioned in another deed, dated in 1277. t

At the assizes at Launceston, 11 Edw. I. (1283), tlie jury presented Henry Cauel and Luke de Penhal, for having, in the second year of that king's reign, taken the Prior of Bodmin, and imprisoned him until he should have settled with them by the payment of 40«., which they received. The sheriff was ordered to arrest them, and they came and acknowledged that they took the prior, but pleaded that it was by order of a certain Richard de Mej-ton, who was the sheriff; and the same was proved, and it was found that they had not taken an3i:hing from the prior for their own use. I

Bishop Bronescombe ruled with a high hand. We find that he excommunicated this prior because he had destrained the servants of the bishop's official for fislung in the ri\er Alan. He also excommunicated the bailiff of Pidreshire for taking the cattle of tlie prior of Bodmin in his lay fee for an amercement; and when the bailiff died, caused his body to be cast out of the church- yard until his brother paid a fine of forty shillings. He also excommunicated Eudo de Trevail, tlie King's sheriff in Cornwall, for taking distress by the King's command in the lay fees of the bishop and of the prior of Bodmin for a debt due to the King, and held him excommunicated for two years, until he gave a bond to the bishop for a hundred pounds. We are ignorant of the date of this prior's death.

Edmund is mentioned as being Prior of Bodmin in 1296, and again, in the year 1302, § as having been sometime ])rior, in a suit in which William Herbard, junior, was plaintiff, and Thomas Le Nelder defendant, || concerning fifteen acres of land in Koesmadoc ; and, at the same assize, the then prior was summoned and replied to the King of a plea quo warranto as to his claim to have gallows and pillory, soc and sac, toll and team, view of frankpledge, correction of broken assize of bread and beer, markets and fairs in Bodmin, and waifs in the whole huudi-ed of Pidre, and also as to assize of bread and pleas de vetito namio in Aldestowe (Padstow) ; and also free

* Bronescombc's Register, fos. 35 and .36. f Tregothn.an Muniments. % Assize Rolls, 11 Eilw. I.

Note. — In Pope Nicholas'.s Valuation the priory was ta.xeci as unitev:

£ s. fl.

Mancriuni de Klintou q'll tax 8 11 0

Apud Biudcny* q'd tax :i 18 0

Apud Wydielf q'd tax 4 2 0

Manerium de Bodmin q'd tax 7 5 0

In d'nico deRedderth dc redd' 1 0 0

Apud Fosnewit J de redd' 0 8 0

Apud Lcnydret § de redd' 1 0 0

Summa £26 4 0

§ Assize Roll, Mich. 24 Edw. I. || Assize Roll, Mich. 30 Edw. I.

* Pendevy. f Withicl. J Fosneivth. § Lauhydrock.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORT — THE PRIORY. 27

fishery throughout all the waters of Alan and Eyle. He had judgment in his favoiu', as having held these privileges from beyond the memory of man unto that day vcithout interruption.

Gen-asius or Germanus. — This prior has left behind him an excellent character. In 1302* he -^

suffered a fine of Silvester de Tregranaran in the advowson of the church of St. Minver. In 1308 he was enfeoffed in a tenement of land by Adam Scarlet of Bodmin. f Being oppressed by ago and infirmities, in May 1310 he resigned his office, and was allowed, on his retirement, the chapel of St. Margaret, at which place the priors of Bodmin had a residence, cum dominicis et obventionibus ejusdem, the portion of two canons for his table, and an annuity of six marks ; and a grave canon was assigned to him as a companion.!

John de Kilkltampton was confirmed as the successor of jirior German on 20th May 1310. In the same year, at the assizes at Launceston, a case was heard whether John prior of Bodmin, brother German de Bodmin, and brother Reginald de Corboys, canons of the same priory, John de Treiagu, John de Tregusson, William de Tenael, Robert de la Quisine (called in another record de la Cuisine), Thomas Anrej', Brian le Clerk, Henry le Long, Stephen Begga, Nicholas Ayra, Adam de Neueton, Robert Watta, and Walter de Penhirgard, had unjustly disseised Robert Galahan of certain common of pasture on 500 acres of land in Halgaver down, which the said Robert claimed as belonging to his fi-ee tenement in Lanhydrock. The jurors state that Halgaver down is not a village nor a hamlet, and that the pasture in view is situated in Bodmin, therefore the prior and others are discharged. §

This prior met bishop Stapledon at Lostwithiel Bridge on the Saturday after the feast of St. Leonard 1314, and stated that about two years before one of his canons, Odo Denisch, in an affray had wounded a secular clergyman, even to the effusion of blood ; that though the conventual church and cemetery had in consequence been desecrated, yet the commu- nity had gone on with the usual services and interments as if nothing had happened, and he now implored the bishop to reconcile the premises. The bishop appointed Simday the IGtli for the ceremony, arrived on the 15th, summoned the commiuiity to the chapter-house, and fined them twenty pounds payable on demand. In 1318 another case was heard at the assizes at Laun- ceston to ascertain if John Prior of Bodmin, brother John Waleys, and brother William de la Hyde, canons of the same church, and Hamelin de Eestjr, had unjustly, itc. disseized John Launcdwcn of his fi-ee tenement in Launedwen. The prior pleaded that the tenement was in Bodmin, and not in Launedwen, and the jury foimd accordingly. |i Later in life this prior suffered the con\ont discipline to be greatly relaxed, and the community to be burdened with enormous expenses and debts. This drew from Bishop GrandLson a severe reprimand and injunction, dated 1347.11

Dm'ing the time of this prior great strife arose between him and the inhabitants of Bodmin. Whether this occurred in consequence of a rising spirit of independence and lawless resistance to authority on the part of the inhabitants, or whether in consequence of unjust oppression on the

* Pedes Finiura, 30 Edw. I. Miili. No. l:!.

t Trcgothnan Mnnimciits. This was probably the tenement in which is situated a well of exceedingly pnre water, called " Scarlet's Well," about a mile h-om Uodiuin lower down the valley. Sri:j>oft.

t Stapledon's Register, f. 51. § Assize Rolls, 8 Edw. II.

II A.ssizc Rolls, 11 Edw. II. ^ Grandism's Ros. vol. i. p. I4."j b.

28 PARISH OF BODMIN.

part of the prior, or in his asserting his just right in an arbitrary manner, is not very evident ; but certainly much contention took place. In 134.5 the prior complained* to the king that William Skore,t Eiehard Skore, Joceus Bere, John Taillour, Roger Taillour, Stephen Pycher- maker, John Baby, and others, distm-bed the fi'ee fishing of the prior in the river Alan, at Rusuyleyn, and fished by force, and took there the fish, nets, and other engines for fishing, to the value of lOOL, and carried them away ; that they also besieged the priory many times, so that the prior's servants did not dare to go out to procm'e victuals and do other services for the prior ; that they also made an assault upon the men and servants of the jirior, so that some of them were maimed, and the prior lost their services for a long time.

The prior also lodged another complaint * at the same time, that, notwithstanding that he and all his predecessors had had, from time out of mind, the view of frankpledge within the town of Bodmin, with all things pertaining thereto, and the riglit to determine pleas, transgressions, citations, and detentions arising from all residents within the town in his court there, Adam Martyn, mayor, William Peny, bailifiP, William Scor, John atte Pole, Roger Carbura, John Caballa, and many others whom he named, had disturbed the peace and resisted the right of the prior, preventing tlie inhabitants from answering befoi-e him their pleas, to the injiuy of the prior of 200/. and the disinheriting of his church of St. Petrock. Commissions of oyer and terminer were granted by the king at Eedyng on 6 July, 10 Edw. III.*

In the year 1348 Bodmin suffered from a visitation of the plague, to which the prior and all the canons, save two, fell victims. The priory being thus vacant, the friars Roger de Honiton and William de Tregawithan, as canons of the priory, adcU'essed a letter to the bishop, dated 17 March, representing that all the other canons, their brethren, in the time of the pestilence in the midst of them, being struck down, they only surviving, left as orphans, and that it was necessary for the preservation of the priory that a prior should be quickly provided. An inqui- sition was taken at Lostwithiel on the following day, March 18, 1348-9, before John Dabernoun, keeper of the fees of Edward Prince of Wales, by virtue of a writ addi-essed by the prince to the said keeper. The jury found that the priory of Bodmin was an ancient religious house, founded from time immemorial by one of the kings of England, whose name was unknown to them ; that from time beyond the memory of man, the Bishop of Exeter for the time being held the jjatronago of the same priory with its custody in the time of vacancy ; that the Prior of Bocbniu and his convent held no lands or tenements in chief of the said Prince Edward ; that the whole of the manor of Realton, and the bailiwick of the hundred of Pydresliire belonging to the same manor, and the manors of Pendevy,J Raunledcc, and Kells, with the town of Bodmin and the town of

* Pat. Rolls, 19 Edw. ni. p. 2, m. 23 and 31, a tei-go.

t Many of the persons named were of the principal families of the town, and held the highest offices of trust and responsibility. William Skore had lieen bm-gess in Parliament 11 Edw. III. John Baby, perhaps the father of the person complained of, was burgess 26 Edw. I., Roger Carbura in 6, 12, and 21 Edw. III., and John Caballa in the ninth of the same King's reign.

X In the time of King Edward the Confessor the manor of Pendavy was a member of the manor of Blisland, and consequently ancient demesne, but had been taken away at the Conquest, and at the time of Domesday Survey was held l>y Boia the priest of Bodinin under the Earl of Moreton. Sec ante, p. 28.

The priors of Bodmin liud a chapel at Pendavy dedicated to St. Nicholas. Stafford's Reg. vol. i. 09.

ECCLESIASTICAL niSTOUT — TUB PRIORY.

29

Petrockstow (Padstow), ami all other their lauds and tenements, were held in free, pure, and perpetual almoigue. Also that no king, earl, or any one who had the state of king in the county of Cornwall, took, or had, any government or profit during the vacancy of the said priory; and that John (de Kilkhampton), prior of the house aforesaid, died on Friday next after the Feast of St. Peter in Cathedra,* then last past.f

It is not prohable that the bishop was influenced by the finding of the jury. There was not sufficient time for him to have become acquainted with it, but, acting upon the right which the jury found he possessed, on the 19th March, he wrote a letter to the Prior of Launceston, stating that the canons of Bodmin had represented that they had been deprived of all their brethren, they only remaining, and had transfei-red to him the full power to appoint a prior (without the usual election) ; and, appreciating their inability to help themselves, he had made choice of Friar Ogericus Bant,J Canon of Launceston, § .so that he might preside over the priory of Bodmin use- fully and profitably to tlie honour of God. His election was accordingly duly perfected. ||

Orcfericus, or Augerus, Bant was inducted into the ])riory on the 22d March, 1348-9. He seems to have been rather a zealous litigant. His name occurs as plaintiff in several suits at the coui't of the Stannary of Blackmoor, held at Lostwithiel, on Monday next after the Feast of tiie Ascension of Our Lord 1350.11 Some time afterwards this prior incurred suspension ; but, upon his proper submission, his seal of office was restored to him on 20th March, 1361-2. In 13G2, under the designation of "Augerus, Prior de Bodmyn," he was one of the defendants in an assize of novel desseisin, at the suit of one Ralf Colyn de Treguntulyan, for having disseised the said Half of his fi'ce tenement in Treguntulyan, near Trewyhelek.**

WiUiani CariieUow, alias Carminow, occurs as prior May 29, 1373. ff On 1st August, 1379, we find that a sum of 21. was issued out of the Exchequer to the king's sergeant-at-anns, sent into Cornwall to arrest this Prior, John Trevarthian, and John his sou, and others, for certain misprisions by them committed against the king's peace.Jt It is presumed that, upon examination, it was not found that he liad been guilty of any great offence, for soon afterwards the king granted to the prior and convent a charter of confirmation, reciting by inspeximus a charter of 17 John, in which the king takes charge of the priory, and orders the sheriffs to protect it as the king's o\\-n demesne; recites also the confirmation charter of 13 Edw. I., in which are recited a charter of 1 John, and also a charter " scriptum nupcr fiictum " of Richard Earl of Cornwall (without date), in which the earl grants to the prior and convent of Bodmin that tlicir burgesses shall be toll free, and may buy and sell every kind of merchandize throughout all the towns of Cornwall, and have a guild merchant, as they then had and had been accustomed to have, on the annual payment of. -\Qs. and 40(7. atlornato sua : and that when any one in the town, having been duly presented to

* The feast of Peter in Cathedra at Antioch was observed on 22nd February. t Grandison's Reg. vol. iii. p. 1(;5.

J The name of Bant i.s still not uncommon in the neighbourhood of Launceston.

§ lie is mentioned as Canon of Launceston in an Assize Roll of 17 Edw. IIL (1.34;i), and appears then to have been tlie senior canon under Prior Adam de Knolle, who resigned in IlilG.

II Grandison's Reg. vol. i. p. 110. 1[ Court Rolls, Augmentation Office.

** Assize Roll, 35 Edw. III. ft Brentingham'.s Reg. vol. i. p. 35.

XX Issue Rolls of the Exch. Exeter 3 Ric. II. Devon, p. 213.

I

30 PAEISH OF BODMIX.

the guild, had remained there for a year and a day without denial, according to the custom of the town, he should afterwards, if questioned, abide in the liberty of the town. This is the first confirmation of the guild merchant.*

During the government of this prior great quarrels arose between the prior and convent and Vi illiam Cornwall, vicar of Egloshaile, respecting a claim made by the former to a pension of 40s. a year, payable to the convent out of the vicarage, and also a claim made by the vicar to certain " hearths " in the wood of Vymme, as due to the vicarage. These suits seem to have been pursued with great animosity both in the ecclesiastical and secular courts ; and so great was the enmity engendered between the parties, that the vicar complained to the Bishop of Exeter (Edmund Stafford) that he did not dare to reside, personally, on his vicarage, on account of the corporal injuries, &e., to which he was subjected by the prior and convent, and their retainers and abettors. The bishop, considering that the vicar was only faithfully defending the title of his vicarage, dispensed with his residence as required by the canon on condition of his appointing a fit curate to serve during the time of his absence. The vicar, however, preseiitly (1400) ex- changed with Richard Coventre of Bathenester ; and it is presumed that his successor yielded to the demands of the priory, for the pension of 40.s. a-year out of the vicarage of Egloshaile is found among the revenues of the priory at the time of its dissolution.f

Prior AVilliam Caruellow's name occurs in the Assize Roll for 1396. J He died at aii advanced age on 10 Nov. 1403. The proceedings taken upon his death are set forth in the Ef)iscopal Registers, and a brief abstract of them, as illustrative of the course pursued in such cases, will not, it is believed, be witliout interest.

Only fom- days after the prior's death we find the bishop deputing to the superiors of the

• Chart. Rolls, 13 Edw. I. Ko. 78. m. 3.

t We have no date for this paper, but, inasmuch as Edmund Stafford was consecrated in 1395 and William Comwalle resigned in 140(), it must he between those years.

I Assize Roll, 20 Rich. II.

Note. — In the latter part of the fovirteenth century the church was greatly disturbed by the proceedings of the Lollards and Wickliffites, whose zeal and piety commended them generally to the people. William Courtenay, Archbishop of Can- terbury, immediately upon his elevation to the metropolitical throne, summoned a council in London for the pm^jose of investigating their tenets, when they were pronounced to be heretical, and vigorovis proceedings were taken to suppress them. These zealots extended even into the far west. In 1382 a commission was directed to the Trior of Bodmin and others by Thomas Brentingham, Bishop of Exeter, reciting that it had come to his cars that a certain Laurence Bedeman of Bodmin, who goeth in vestments (that is, as a priest), and, having entered the bishop's fold secretly with fraud and stealthily under the feigned image of holiness, with foxlike craft, endeavours in his public and private discourses to turn aside the bishop's sheep, and to lead them into various errors and heresy ; therefore, " being desirous to chase away such fox from our fold lest he worry om- sheep,'" the bishop commissions the prior, &c., and firmly enjoyns them with authority carefully to euquire wheresoever and n hat things the said Laurence in church, or in other places in Cornwall, may have preached, said, or proffered to the Bishop's sons and subjects, and also to enquire, generally, for heretics both in places where the said Laurence Bedeman had preached openly, or lectured secretly, as elsewhere, and to certify the same to the bishop by the Feast of St. Michael by their letters patent containing the scries of things, and also what things the said false prophet Laurence, or any other, may have preached against the Catholic faith and the articles thereof, and also the names and surnames of all who might have fallen to the heresies of this man or others; and further instructing them to cite the said Laurence to appear before the bishop at his manor of Clyst, on the Thiu-sday next after the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross Brcntingham's Reg. vol. i. f. 101.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE PUIORT. 31

priory, and to Noel PatreJa, seneschal of tlie bisliop's lands in Cornwall, the custody of the jiriory ; that the priory, as well in spiritual as in temporal things, might sustain no damage, its custody during a vacancy of right pertaining to the bishop.* On the same day he wrote to the superiors of the convent, I'eferring to their letter transmitted to him tlu'ough Friar John Spernoii of their house, signifying the death of Friar William Carnellov, late prior, and requesting permis- sion to elect a new prior ; and stating that the bishop was pleased to grant their request, and beseeching them to proceed to the work, laying aside all earthly favour and hatred.f The canons accordingly proceeded to the election, and made choice of brother Alan Keneg}'. The decree of the election was presented to the bishop, in the chapel of his manor of Chudleigh, by brother John HaiTy, senior canon of the priory and procurator in this business, on 14 Doc. The prior elect was then examined by the bishop in literature, and, being found sufficient, on the same day it was commanded to Sir John Rescarreck, rector of St. Mabyn, and Sir John Stephyn, vicar of thi! parochial church of Bodmin, to certify to the bishop on the 22 Dec, and proclamation was accordingly made of the same and the election was confirmed. J On the 22 Dec. the bishop communicated to brother Alan Kenegv that he had examined the return made by the convent and found it to be correct ; that he, the said Alan, had been truly elected, and that the bishop confirmed the same ; and, on the same day, letters mandatory for the induction and installation were accord- ingly issued. §

Alan Kenegy being thus confirmed as prior on 22nd December 1403, on the 14th February in the same year (1403-4) we find a licence granted to him to have the divine offices celebrated in his presence in the chapel of St. Nicholas within his lordship of Pendevy, in the parish of Eglos- hailo,|| from which we conclude that he was occasionally resident' in that manor. On the 23rd May 1405 he was granted leave of absence for three years to visit Oxford for the purpose of studj".^ Prior Alan held his office for thirty-three years, when, in consequence of ago and in- firmity, he resigned. A notification to this effect was made to the bishop on lOtli September 1435, bj- brother William Mulling, sub-prior, and on the sixteenth licence was given for a now election, the sub-prior and John Cock, seneschal of the bishop's lands in Cornwall, meanwhile being constituted guardians of the priory. William Vy vyan, a brother of the house, was elected prior in the room of Alan Kenegy, and the electioji was duly confirmed.**

William Vyi'yan succeeded on the 8th October, 1435. During his superiority a Robert Oliver signalized himself amongst the benefactors to the priory. By deed, dated 24 April, 1451, tt besides giving a sum of lOOL in hand, he was at the expense of bl. for a new window and of its entire glazing in the conventual church, and spent other bl. in removing and setting-up the I'ood tlierc. He further contributed 8/. and upwards for masses to be said during the period of four years, and gave a chalice, vestments, and other ornaments for the altar under the north side of the rood-loft, where those masses were to be celebrated, as also a bell to ring for such masses. This prior must have died late in 14G1, or early in 1462.

Thomas [Courtcs] occui-s as prior in three deeds dated in 14t)2.:tJ On 8 Nov. 14()3 he

• Stafford's Ecg. f. 71. f Il-iJ- f- 72. t Ibid.

§ Ibid. f. 73. II Ibid. % Ibid. £. lo. ** Lacy'.s Reg. f. 13G-S.

tt Ibid. vol. iii. p. 445. %% Ntjvyll's Register, f. 51.

32 PARISH OF BODMIN.

addressed a letter to Bishop Nexyll, undertaking to maintain for the remainder of his days John Polstak, who, in consequence of extreme old age and increasing infirmity, was anxious to resign Iiis benefice of St. Cuthbert. On this pledge the bishop accepted John Polstak's resignation.* Prior Tliomas is fiirther mentioned in a grant, dated 7 Oct. 1474,t of a pension of four marks, payable out of his demesne and manor of Pende\y, to Tiiomas Eyre, gent., and Leo his son, for good coimsel, &c., rendered, and afterwards to be rendered, by the said Thomas to the prior and convent. The prior's surname, however, is not given in those documents ; but we find him, in 1478,:J; described as Tliomas Cotiries, prior of the house and church of St. Peti-ock of BodmjTi, as complainant against Richard Conyell, in a plea of debt Prior Tliomas must have died soon after- wards, for we find that —

John Wi/Uiam appears as prior on 30 Sept. 1480. Although in holy orders he seems to have been of a turbulent disposition. It is shown in the court roll of the Stannary of Blackmoor, held at Lostwithiel on the day above mentioned, that this prior, dpscribed also as a clerk, together with Richard Nakes and John Valty, canons of the priory church ; John Best, of Bodmin, tailor ; Tliomas Lawrans, of Wythiel, yeoman ; Robert Curteys, of Bodmyn, groom ; and many other malefactors unknown, numbering more than sixty persons, arrayed in the manner of war with cross-bows, arrows, swords, jacks, helmets (sallettes), brygadiiies, &c., were found by the jury, riotously, and against the peace of the prince, to have come to the tin -work of Polgurtes, in tlie moor of Enysworgy, and to have entered the mine there contrary to the franchises and customs of the Com-t of the Stannaries. § A precept was issued to the bailiff to attach the prior and his associates, and during the next two years we find him appearing continually before the court to answer for his conduct in this matter. (| "When he ceased to be prior we have no knowledge. Dr. Oliver says :% — " We meet with him again in 1503," but he omits to quote his authority. It is with great diffidence we question the accuracy of this usually carcftil author, but we cannot help thinking that, in this case, there must be some mistake, for we find that the first witness to a deed, dated 20 February, 9 Hen. VII. (1494), (whereby Richard Flamank, Esq. and John Wattye, merchant, convey certain premises in Brysshute Lane), signs himself —

WiUielmo John Priore jyrioratus Bodnvjn. These two names so closely resemble each other as to induce the suspicion that they refer to the same person, but fi-om various circumstances we are led to believe that they were distinct. Under the date of 1508 we find the act of confirmation of Thomas Vivian as prior of Bodmin, upon the death of William John, last prior.** Tliis must be tJic same prior mentioned by Dr. Oliver as William Jones, as having died in the spring of 1508, whose admission, he says, is not recorded, ff

• NeTTll's Reg. f. 21. f Boothe's Reg. f. 77.

% Conrt EoU of the Stannary of Penwith and Kerrier, 17 Edw. TV.

§ An extract from this record was printed by Edward Smirke, esq. Vice- Warden of the Stannaries, in the appendix to his report of the case of Vice v. Thomas (1843).

II There are many other cases within this period in which this prior occnrs in these Court Rolls both as plaintiff and "lefendant, e.g.: 21 Edw. IV. "John Wylliam, prior of the house and church of St. Petrock of Bodmj-n, complains concerning William Ostyler in a plea of trespass." Again: "Richard Boscawen and Darid Tregarrek complain concerning John Wylliam, prior of the house and church of St. Petrock of Bodmyn, and Eichard Sken7S in a plea of seizing goods and chatcls."

*i Mon. Dio. Exon. p. 17. •• Oldham's Register, p. 22. ff Men. Dio. Kxon. p. 17.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE PRIORY. 33

Thomas Vivian, tlie sub-prior, was elected prior on the 13tli April, 1508, and confirmed b}' the bishop at Clyst.* In 1516 he procui-ed the institution of his brother,! also called Thomas Viviiin, to the vicai'age of Bodmin ; and soon afterwards Prior Vivia«i was consecrated Bishop of Megara (in partibus infideliuni), to enable him to act as suffragan to Bishop Oldham. In that ca])acity he held an ordination in Exeter Cathedral on the 30th May, 1518. On ICth June, 1519, he consecrated the chapel of St. Christiana de Stowe, in the parish of Kilkhampton. His signa- ture occurs to a deed of award made at Bodmin on the 24th September in the same year, " p me Thomam Megarensem Epun." The seal a]H)eiulant represents him in a suppHcatory posture before the Virgin ]\Iother and the Divine Child. He held many ordinations in the conventual eluu'ch at Bodmin. J

It has been said§ that Prior Vivian, in order to support his episcopal dignity, was preferred to several benefices. The motive thus attributed for his preferment is not, however, altogether borne out b^' the facts of the case. "We find that ho was collated to the vicarage of Egloshaile on the 31st August, 1509, || little more than a year after his installation as prior, and ten years before he attained episcopal rank. In 15231 he was instituted to the Bodmin prebend in the church of Endellion, which was in the patronage of his house, and it is perhaps worthy of notice that on his death in 1533 ** William Vyvyan made the next 2)rescntation, pro lu'te vice, by virtue of agi'ant from the prior and convent of Bodmin. Besides those preferments Prior Vivian was instituted to the rectory of Withiel, the patronage of which benefice was also vested in the prior and con^■ent of Bodmin, and he is stated to have rebuilt the church and parsonage-house of that parish, ft

Prior A'ivian is represented to liave been a man of an arrogant and arbitrary temperament, covetous in acquisition, though lavish in expcnditm'e. He, as we have noticed, engrossed to himself several ecclesiastical benefices, but liberally expended large sums, probably to the impove- rishment of the priory, in buildings and restorations. Besides Withiel church and parsonage, M-hicli we have noticed, he rebuilt the manor-house of Rialton in St. Columb. The greater part of his \Aork was dcstroj'cd by fire shortly before Borlase wrote, but a considerable portion still remains, which is now occupied hj a farm-house. In many parts the carvings of Ids arms and his initials T. V. bear evidence of his munificence.

We have seen that the burgesses of Bodmin were inclined to be insuboi'dinate and unrulj'at a much earlier period than that with which we are now dealing, and strife soon arose between them and their haughty lord. The si>irit of self-^^•ill and impatience of control which in our day arc so rampant had thus early begun to show itself. The burgesses resisted the authority of the prior, and endeavoured by petition to the King to subvert certain rights and franchises of the priory and its authority over the town, which had been derived from roj'al charters and from immemo- rial usage.

* Oldham's Reg. fo. 22. f So it appears from a iictition of the townsmen, sec post.

% Vescy's Reg. vol. i. It is hclicTeil that the last ordination held here was ou the 16th March, 1538-9, by William Bishop of Hippo. Oliver, Monast. Exon. p. 17 n. § Mon. E.\on. p. 17.

II Oldham's Reg. f. 34. ^ ll,id. t. 17. «* Ibid. f. 07.

tt Cornwall Keg. p. 4iy. Ly sons, 120.

K

34 PABISH OF BODMIN.

Among the corporation mnniments are copies of three petitions or memorials from the towns- men to King Henry VIII. against the prior. As these documents have been printed in extenso by the late Rev. John Wallis,* it will suffice to state here thus much.

The burgesses rejected the authority of the prior, calling themselves " the King's burgesses and no man's else;" they claimed against the prior certain lime-pits in Bcrrycome, alleging that the mayor and burgesses had received them as the gift and grant of one Eoger Martyn, sometime a bui-gess of Bodmin ; they stated that Dynmure "Wood was ever open for all biu-gesses and inhabitants of Bodmin till then of late, as well for all manner and kind of their beasts to common therein, as to have the burden wood to bear and carry away upon their backs of lop, crop, and bag wood without contradiction, let, or disturbance of any manner of persons ; always reserving to the prior and his successors the stems of the trees for their fuel and building, and that the burgesses never knew of any prior there that ever sold, coaled, or cut any wood in Dynmure, saving only this i^rior.

The burgesses further complained that the town of Bodmin, being but one parish and con- taining 1,800 houselying people, the prior had the parsonage appropriated to liis house, and there being in the town two chapels, one of St. Thomas f and the other of St. Leonard, to the intent that some of the parishioners, being far from the chiu'ch, should have mass in the said chapels on Wednesdays and Satmxlays for ever, and that there had been lands, of about the value of ix*^ a-year, given to the predecessors of the said prior so that they should cause the said masses to be sung there ; and that this prior received the protits of the lands and found no priest to sing there.

That whereas the vicar of the parish, brother of the prior, was departed fi-om the vicarage and lay in London, where, by citation, &c., he procm-ed unjust vexation against the inhabitants, tlie prior, in the absence of the vicar, had appointed one Sir Thomas Hayly, a priest of ill-living and disposition, to serve the cure.

That one Roger Martyn, ancestor of Trefusis and Wynter, was seized of lands in Byrcombe as burgage land, and devised the same to the mayor and burgesses to be prayed for in the parish church of St. Petrock, of which lands the prior made claim.

That the prior was a great farmer of benefices, and of other tcmjioral lands, and a great incloser ; and that he misused himself in speaking slanders and opprobrious words against the township.

These fragmentary extracts are of com-se ex parte, but they will serve to show the state of feeling which existed in the town towards the prior.

Prior Vivian died on Pentecost Sunday, June 1, 1533, and, according to Leland, was biu'ied " before the high altar of the priory, in a high tumbe of a very darkesche gray marble." |

John St/mons was by the brethren of the house elected prior in the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary within tlie said prioiy, and was presented to the bishop for institution by the hands

* Bodmin Keg. p. 298 et seq.

t This would seem to imply that there was another chapel dedicated to St. Thomas besides that in the chnrchrard, and this is apparently confirmed by the number of guilds. X Leland's Itin. vol. iii.; Vesey's Keg. vol. i. f. 67.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE PRIORY. 35

of Matthew Colyns, notary public and jiroeurator of tlio brotlierliood, and was by the bishop duly confirmed and appointed prior on 6 July, 1533. He is stated to have resigned in the followinrr spring upon a pension of forty pounds a-year.* He would seem, however, to have died before the dissolution of the priory in 1538, as his pension is not found as a charge upon the revenues of the house. During the short period of his superiority he made grants of the next presentation to the vicarage of Bodmin, and to the Bodmin prebend in the church of Endellion, to Sir John diamond, Knt.,t who was steward of the priory lands. J

Thomas Wandsworth was confirmed in the priory May lOtli, 1534. His reign was a short one, and not without trouble and anxiety. The house seems to have been in a very disorderly state, as is shown by a MS. in the Cottonian Collection in the British Museum, § in which the prior, writino- to a Mr. Lok 25th May 1536, complains that his canons had for long continuance lived unthriftily and against the good order of religion, to the great slander of the same, as all the country could tell ; and ho states, that for the reformation of those abuses the bishop at his late visitation had given certain injunctions, which he had commanded the prior strait to see observed ; but which, the prior observes, are no harder than the brethren were bound to by their own rule and pro- fession. He complains of the conduct of one Mr. Roger Arundell as a great inciter and main- tainer of his brethren against him, and who, the prior was informed, had obtained a commission to pull down a weir belonging to the priory which had stood for more than 500 years.

This prior granted to the mayor and burgesses of Bodmin, for a term of 90 years, renewable for a further term of the same period, at a rent of 41. per annum, the court leet and view of frank- pledge which for centuries had been a cause of irritation and heart-burning between the prior and the inhabitants ; he also granted them a licence to build a market-house in the town and to hold a fair or mart at the Bcry. In consideration of these grants the mayor and burgesses, on behalf of themselves and the inhabitants, renounced all of their privileges in respect to the wood at Diuimere, and bound themselves to duly use and keep the said leet and view of frankpledge, and all other liberties conveyed, during the said term, so that prior should suffer no loss by forfeiture in consequence of non-user or misuser. ||

Thus the foundation was laid for greater future harmony, but the storm was at hand which swept away the prior and all his arrangements. It did not, however, approach so suddenly that it was not foreseen. As early as Midsummer 1537 the prior assembled all the canons in the chapter-house and dochirod to Richard Oliver, the sub-prior, "and the other brethorno there assembled to githcr that he did here that the king" Ma'"^ wolde take his pleasure upon theire house, and therefore he thought it good to give vnto suche as beene good to the house some leases or other preferments to thintent they shuldo be the better to them hereafter. "IT This circumstance reminds us of the parable of the Unjust Steward. There was, however, this wide distinction, that,

* Oliver, Monast. Kxon. p. 17. f Voyscy's Reg. ff. 108, 139.

i Bodmin Keg. f. 297. § Clcop. vol. iv. f. IIG, printed in Dugdale's Monast.

II A fragment of this deed remains among the municipal muniments, a small part of which, together with the signatures, lias been printed liy the late Mr. Wallis in the Bodmin Register, p. 29G. With the exception of the names of Humphry Prydcaux, John llariye, and the prior, all the uames arc foimd in the list of mayors.

% Deposition iu Court of Augmentation.

36 PARISH OF BODMIN.

■wlicreas tlie steward was dealing with the goods of another, the prior and convent were dealing with their own ; and, so liir as the grant of leases was concerned, legitimately, according to ancient custom. The lands, however, having been given for the maintenance of the house, the offering of prayers to God, and the relief of the poor for ever, the incumbents had simply a life- interest therein, and they were not justified, notwithstanding that they might foresee the plunder of their possessions and the conversion of their revenues to secular uses, in alienating their lands, or in granting them on lease at unfair rents, to the impoverishment of their house. Their conduct manifested a lack of faith.

Upon the dissolution of the religious houses the king procured the passing of an Act of Parliament rendering void all grants of lands in fee-simple or in tail, made within a year before the surrender of the house. Accordingly a commission under the Great Seal, dated 28 February,

37 Henry VIII. , was issued to John Arscott and John Aylworth, to examine, search, and inquire of divers and sundry- gifts and grants made by the prior of Bodmin. From the certificate of the commissioners, dated 21 April, 37 Hen. VIII. , it appeared,* from the deposition of the sub-prior and other persons, that nine months before the surrender of the house the prior and convent had affixed the conventual seal to a deed granting the manor of Bodynj'^ell to Sir John Chamond, Knt., and to his heirs in fee-simple; and that about the same time another deed was sealed, granting the same manor to him and to the heirs male of liis body iu fee-tail ; and further, that, shortly afterwards, a lease of the said manor to the said Sir John Chamond for the term of 99 years was also sealed. f

A lease of the lands in Wj^thiel for a term of 99 years was also granted about the same time % under the convent seal to Lawrence Kendall, at a rent of 10/. per annum, whereas it was previously let at 20/. per annum. The said Lawrence Kendall promised each of the brethren of the house 40/. for making this lease, but they do not appear to have received the money.

* Depositions iu the Court of Augmentation.

f Gilbert Curtis, aged 50 years, being a tenant and long-dweller at BodjTiicl, deposed that Sir John Chamond's men and Henry Tremayne the prior's man, took possession of the manor of Bodyniel at the deponent's house for Mr. Chamond, and that Mr. Chamond kept his first court in the said house about Michaelmas, at which court was present Mr. Chamond himself, and it was about a mouth betAveen the possession and the said coiui ; after which Michaelmas, about our Lady's Day in the Lent then next following, " the bowse of Bodmyn went down." He remembreth that at the tyme of the possession takyug the said Mr. Cbamond's men went out into his garden and cutte a turfe and brought it into his howse, w"^'' he sawe ymmediately after they brought it. And the same tyme of the court keeping the said deponent attorned to be Mr. Chamond's tenant by a penuyc. In the Court of Augmentation in Mich's term, .S4 Hen. VIII. Sir John Chamond, knt. produced a writing luider the conventual seal of the priory of Bodmin appointing the said John Chamond, knt. and Kicbard Chamond, esq. his son to the office of seneschals and supervisors of all the manors and lands of the said convent within the county of Cornwall, and also an annuity of £11 issuing out of the manors of Rinlton, Ketergbe, Elinglase, and Pendevy. Dated at the Chapter House at Bodmin, 20 Sept. 29 Hen. W\l. Orders and Decrees, vol. xiii. p. 81. The seneschal, wlio was generally a layman and a man of rank if the monastery was large, managed the revenues of the house according to the order of the chapter, and held courts for the abbot or prior. Mitred abbots had frequently a noble- man for their steward.

% The prior and convent by deed indented, under the conventual seal, dated 20th Sept. anno regni Regis 29 Hen. VIII. granted the whole manor of Withiel and the advowson of the chiu'ch, together with the common fishing throughout the whole water of Ale3-n and Eyle, with all the appurtenances, to Lawrence Kendall and KatherjTi Monday, which the same Lawrence should marry, their heirs and assigns, for the term of 99 years. Roll 5, No. 81 — Particulars for leases.

KCCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE PRIORY. 37

In the same manner a lease of Ryalton was granted to one John Mondy for a like term of 99 years, at the rent of 721. per annum. These lauds had previously been kept in the hands of the prior for maintenance of the hospitality of the house.

A lease of the tithe of fishing in Padstowe was granted in like manner to one .... Prideaux,* at a rent of 4/. per annum. It had previously been let sometimes for more and sometimes for less, but a fine of 30/. had always been paid, which would seem not to have been the case on this occasion.

An estate of the manor of Fosnowth with a tenement in the parish of Cardyuham was granted to John Tubbe ;t and a lease was also granted of the benefice of Lanhydrock, with certain lauds and tenements in that parish, and Kingswood Hill, to Thomas Lytelton. The benefice was commonly worth 8/. per annum, but Lytelton yielded 20s. only for the benefice and the tenements.

As an inducement to tlie brethren to join in these transactions the prior promised each of them 20/. if the deeds held good, and he gave to each 100*.| in hand without conditions; and, moreover, the advowsons belonging to the priory were granted to them severally, " to thentent that they shulde and might be the rather agreeable vuto the sealing and granting of the said leases," whereof the advowson of Padstow was assigned to the sub-prior.

There is a curious incident recorded with respect to the wood of St. Margaret. § Nicholas

* William Newton, aged 57 years, deposed that he had had the fishing of Padstow four years of the last prior of Bodmyn, paying the two first years £40 a year, the third year £35, and the fourth year £30, the fifth year the said Ne\vton took it of Prideanx and paid him £30, and he prefereth to give to the King for the lordship and fishing of Padstow £60 yearly, and be bound to build upon his own charges two towers for the defence of the haven. — Deposition No. 36.

t It appears fi-om the deposition of William Bere, gent, aged 58 years, that he had been under-steward of all the manors of the Priory, and was displaced because he would not be a party to writings craftily made with ante-dates; that John Tubbe was appointed in his place, and that the said Tubbe did keep the courts of the said manors within a month after St. Laurence day ne.xt before the smTender of the house, and did read such writings as had been craftily made; that is to say, to one John Monday the said prior granted the manor of Kialton, to Walter Kendall and Laurence Kendall the manor of Wrthiel, in man-iage with his said brother's daughter (John Monday was the prior's brother), and to Humphry Prideaux and to his son the manor of Padstow, in marriage with another daughter of his said brother, and to John Tubbe the manor of Fosnuthe and lands in Kelewethe, and to Sir John Chamond, knt. the manor of Bodyniel. John Tubbe suffered a fine in the manor of Fosnewth to German Trelawny, gent. 43 Eliz.

William I'lideanx produced in the Court of Augmentation in Hilary Term, 34 Hen. VIII. a writing, indented, under the convent seal, granting, for divers good causes and considerations, unto William Prideaux, son of Hnmphry Prideaux, and to Johanna daughter of John Monday, brother of the prior, whom the said William had married, the manor of Padstow with appurtenances in Padstow, St. Cadock, Lanlesick, Rewne, and Trethanappe, together with the advowson of the church of Padstow, with all liberties, view of frankpledge, estrays, anchorage, kyllage, and wTeck of sea, with free fishery in the water of Eyll within the said manor, and the island called the GuUand Rock lying in the sea near Padstow, with all that wood called Garth Wood within the manor of Pendevy, to hold to the said William and Johanna, their heirs and a.ssigns, for the term of 90 years then next ensuing, at the rent of £10 Is. Sd. Dated at Bodmj-n, 20th October, 29 Henry VIII. The grant was allowed by the chancellor and council conditionally that nothing afterwards appeared to invalidate the deed.

Arms of Munday of Rialton: Sable, upon a cross engrailed argent five fusils azure; upon a chief or tlu-ee bird's legs erased at the thigh of the third. — Ordinary of Arms, Heralds' College.

J This statement was confirn)ed by the deposition of Thomas Vyvyau, vicar of Bodmin, upon the statement of Sir Thomas Bosemonde and Sir Bennet Carter, wliiili two were canons of the late house of Bodmin. — Certificate, No. 30.

§ By letters patent dated 11th May, 25 Elizab. a corn mill at St. Margaret's was granted to John Donafordc, Johanna

L

38 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Gljiine, gent, aged 51 years, deposed that between Midsummer and Lammas next before the surrender of the house of Bodniyn he communed with the prior for the sale of the wood called Margaret Wood. The prior offered the greatest and bests parte after v'' an acre. The deponent viewed it the same day, and ymmediately came to the prior and asked him what days he would give for the payment of the same ; who answered the most parte in hande and the rest betwene that time and the following Clu-istmas. Mr. Glynne not liking the bargain departed, and, forth- with, met one Nicholas Prideaux, gent., who said unto him : " Syr, I perceyve ye haue bene w"' my lord the prior for Sajmt Margaretes Woode ;" and asked hym whether he had bought the wood. Mr. Glynne replying that he had not, the said Prideaux said that " yf my lord hadde bene as honest a man as I toke him for the bargayne hadd bene myne." Mr. Glynne then answered: " Syr, take it a Goddf name for me, for as yet I haue not concluded w**" hym, nor I will no more meddle w*''all." And deponent saith he well remembereth "the house surrendered the lent then next followynge." ]\Ir. Prideaux appears afterwards to have been somewhat uneasy respecting his bargain, and offered Mr. Glynne a part of the wood, who answered, " I am afi'aid to bargayne for feare of the statute, for you knowe, M"^ Prideaux, that I do knowe howe the case stondethe." The said Prideaux then answered, " Sir, if ye be at that poynt do what ye can."

Oji the 27th February, 1538, the end came. The prior, the sub-prior, and nine canons surrendered the priory and all its remaining possessions into the hands of the king. The follow- ing pensions were assigned for the future maintenance of the dispossessed brethren :* —

The prior (Thomas Wandsicorth) .....

Richard Oliver, the sub-prior .....

Richard Luer, blind, and one hundred yei'es old, was discharged from his home, but with a salary of ten pounds and six dozen of wood, to be received yearly during life .....

Benett Smytlie ....'...

Thomas Rosemonde .......

John Wylcoke .......

Thomas Marshall .......

John Daglc, who gave up liis pension for the vicarage of Bodmin in 1550 .......

Michell Flemyng . . . . . . .

John Beste ........

Thomas Fawlyns, blind and aged .....

ij	s»	d.
66	13	4
8	0	0
10	0	0
6	0	0
6	0	0
5	6	8
5	6	8
5	6	8
2	0	0
2	0	0
2	0	0

Sum of pensions . . £118 13 4

his wife, and Nicholas Donaforde thpir son, for the term of their lives; and on IGth March, 1601, a warrant was given for a grant of the same to Mr. Asbby, Clerk of the Chccqne to the Gentlemen Pensioners, for a lease in reversion to his own use; but on 10th July, 1C02, the said premises together with land in Cokcsland were granted on lease for a term of 40 years to Gilbert Mychcll, es^. at the rent of 40s. per annum. — Particulars for Leases, Elizab. Roll 3, No. 5. * Dngd. Monast.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE PRIORY,

39

35

The following schedules M'ill show the possessions of the priory and the lauds which were held in demesne at the time of the sm-render : —

Comput Miuistrorum Domini Regis 30-31 Hen. VIII. No. 90. m. 25. Bodmyu Prioratus.

Com. Cornub.

Bodmpi, Scit cum Terr Dnicat Firfu ....

Bodmyn, Manef cum eapeift de Langhidrocke

Red liber teuen . . . . .7

Red tam custum quam convene tenefi . . . .15

Braye, Fir ma . . . . . .0

Langcarre, Firma . . . . . .0

Newnam, Firma . . . . ■ .0

Langhydroke, cum capett ibm, Firma . . . .1

Bodmyn, ter Dnicat . . . . • ■ .13

Bodmyn Villa, Feed firma . . . . . .5

,, Perquis Cur . . . . . . .0

Pende^ye, Redd lib tenen . . . . . .4

redd tam custuiii quam convene teneili . . .25

Perquis cur . . . . . .0

BodjTiyell Maner, Firma . . . .5

Wythiell manef, Firma . . . . . .10

Rialton et Retargh maner, cum Hundred' de Petherseher at Pether

redd ai{rig . . . . . . . .83

J?

Eljmglas ct Kelsey Manef cum quadam insula voca? the Gull Rock, Firma 1 8

Newton Petrocke & Holecombe, Firma

Paddestowe manef, cum membf ac cer? terf in Laulesyke . . Firma

Bodmjni, Menefi-ey & Paddestowe, Deciin Garb

Bodmyn, Sanct Cuthbert, Decim Garb ....

,, Decim Prasdiat ac at minut dec et pfic Rectof de Bodmyn Trenowe in Tyntagell, Porco Deciin Garb

Paddestowe, Firiii Deciin Pise, &c.

Eglosaytl, Peuc

12 20 5-1 19 6 0 10 2

s. d,

17 10

0 0

19 0

6 8

0 1

0 1

0 0

3 5 10 0 19 0

4 lOi 2 8 8 0 0 0 0 0

1 n_

17 0

10 G

8 (i|

0 0

0 0

4 1

6 8

0 0

0 0

The demayne londes beyng in the Prior of Bodmyn is possession at the tyme of surrunder (1539) ;

s. d.

Imprimis, the poole pke . . . 3^ acres. 6a% acre.

It the est bremcll pke, one close next est . 2i acres. 4s. Qd. acre.

It. the est bremell pke, a noder closse next est 2| acres, bs. aci'e.

It. the dorter pke . . . .3 acres. 6s. acre.

It. Wliitefylde pke . . .4 acres. 4s. acre.

s. 21	d. 0
11	3
12	6
18	0
16	0

40

PARISH OF BODMIN.

s. 9	d. 0	It. to more pkes	, ,	3 acres.	3s. acre.
2 5 10 5	0 0 0 0	It. the calfe pke It. the ftizshe pke next It. the wode pke It. the crosse pke	Cokslond	1 acre. 6 acres. . 16 acres. 5 acres.	2s. lOd. acre. 12d. acre. I2d. acre.
16 18 14 6 8	0 8 8 0 0	It. the Baron pke It. the byffe pke It. the stony pke It. to pkes at stappys It. the medyll stajjpys	•	12 acres. . 14 acres. . 11 acres. . 12 acres. . 16 acres.	16cZ. acre lUd. acre 16d. acre 6f/. acre Gd. acre
Sum £8 19	1	A. B. p. 110 3 20

The priory with all its possessions being, by vii-tne of the surrender of Prior Wandsworth, thus in the hands of the King, on the 2nd July, 1545,* he sold to his servant Tliomas Sternhold, the well-known versifier of the Psalms, for the simi of 100/. paid to the Treasurer of the Court of Augmentations, the site of the said priory, together with the demesne lands described in the fore- going schedule. The grant describes the premises as all the house or site late the house or priory of Bodmyn dissolved, with aU houses, edifices, stables, bai'ns, dovecotes, courtlages, fi-uit gai-dens, orchards, gardens, pools, vineyards {vinaria), being within the site of the late said priory ; and sets out, severally, each of the fields, except the small enelosm-e called Calf Park, mentioned in the foregoing schedule as being the demesne lands in the possession of the prior at the time of the dissolution. It was provided that the said premises should be held of the King and his heirs and successors in capite, by the sei-vice of one-fortieth part of one knight's fee, and the rent of seven- teen shillings and ten pence paid into the Court of Augmentations on the Feast of St. Michael in each year, and the whole is stated to be of the clear annual value of 8/. 17s. \0d.

Thomas Sternhold, as appears from the inquisition taken after his death, died on 23rd August, 1548,t leaving two daughters, named Judith and Philippa, his heirs. Bv his will, dated two days before his death, he bequeathed his lands in Bodmin, and certain of his lands at Slacksted, in CO. Southampton, to his wife Agnes for life, with remainder to his daughters, charging his wife to bi'incr them up virtuously in knowledge and learning, and to prefer them to honest marriages. Each of the daughters was said by the jury to be of the age of tlu-ee yeai's and more. In his will, which is recited at length in the inquisition, Thomas Sternhold describes himself as "Groom of the Eobes to the King's Majestic."

Philippa Sternehold had seizin of one moiety of the priory, and did homage for the same on 13th July 1564,J by which date she woidd have attained the age of eighteen years and more ; and Judith, the other daughter, did homage and had seizin of the other moiety granted to her on the 8th March 15G5.§

* Originalia, 36 Hen, VIII. pars ix. m. 81.

t Inqnis. p. m. 3 Kdw. VI. p. i. m. 12. J Fine Rolls, 6 Elizab. m. 22; OriginaUa, 6 Elizab. Rot. 93.

§ Fine Rolls, 6 Elizab. m. 55; Originalia, 6 Elizab. Rot. 71 : see also Originalia, 20 Eliz. Mich. m. 77.

ECCLESIASTICAI, HISTORY — THE PRIORY. 41

Agnes Sterncliold appears to have done lier duty towards lier daugliters, and fulfilled her husband's dying injunction, for soon after obtaining possession of their lands we find them both married : Fhilippa to William Tydderley* of Knoyle, in the county of Wilts, Gent. ; and Judith to Nicholas Pescodd of Eastmeane, in the county of Southampton, Gent.

William Tj-dderley and Nicholas Pescodd, in right of their wives, being possessed in fee of the site of the priory and the demesne lands, &e., obtained on 7th October 1567, f upon payment of a fine of 5S) shillings and three pence half-penny, a licence of alienation, and sold the premises to John Rassheley of Fowey, merchant ; and a fine was levied in Michaelmas term for passing the same |, including common of pasture on Castle Cannick, and free fishing in the water of Downemere. John Rassheley did homage for the lands in Easter term 9th Elizabeth. §

The property remained vested in the family of Rashleigh until towards the end of the last centur}'. The conventual church would seem to have been destroyed at an early date, but the greater j)ortion of the domestic buildings continued in existence, having been sub-divided and let to different tenants, and the lands sold in parcels. In 1765 a lease for 99 years, determinable upon the deaths of three persons therein named, was granted by Philip Rashleigh of Menabilly, Esq., to William Pennington of Bodmin, Esq., of one portion of the house, described as part of the dwelling-house heretofore in the dissolved pi'iory, called the " Great House," as now separated from that part of the same house wherein one Wihnot Tozer, widow, formerly, and Henry Dagge and Robert Rundle afterwards, dwelt, and lately inhabited by John Wells ; and in the following year a similar lease was granted to Mr. Pennington of the other part of the " Great House," || stated to . be separated from that above described. These leases are very interesting and throw considerable light upon the nature of the old buiidings. The " great hall " is mentioned as separated from the house. It had been taken down sometime previously, and other buildings had been erected upon its site. Another portion of the priory premises had been converted into a malt-liouse and separately let, and the pool was in the tenm'c of another tenant.

The condition of the lease granted to Mr. Pennington was that he should at his own costs and charges, within a period of six years, take down the old house and erect, in a strong and substantial manner, upon the said demised premises, a good handsome dwelling-house with proper conveniences at a cost of not less than 800/. Mr. Pennington had liberty to enclose so much of the priory green as the said dwelling-house measm'ed, and 30 feet in length fi-om the front of tlic same.

Tlie last connexion of the Rashleigh family with the priory, which is traced, is a lease granted by the above-mentioned Philip Rashleigh in 1771 of a house, now taken down, near the little church stile. Soon after this the priory demesne lands appear to have passed, together with the manors of Bodmin and Bodmin Kirland, to Sir Elijah Impey, Knt.,f^ who, in 1787, demised the

* Lysons printed tliis name as Pyddcrley, perhaps a mere typograpliical error, and all subsequent writers have blindly followed. f Pat. Rolls, 9 Eliz. part IX. J Pedes Finium 0 Eli/.. Miclis.

§ See Originalia, 20 Elizab. Hot. 77, in which the title of John Kassheley is set out at length.

II Deeds at the prlorj'.

^ Sir Elijah Impcy was appointed Supreme Judge of Fort William, Calcutta, in 1771, where he amassed great wealth. In the year 1781 Sir Gilbert Elliot charged him with high crimes, jcc. iu the administration of justice, but he saccessfuUy

M

42 PARISH OF BODMIN.

said manors to Richard Barwell of Stansted, in tlie county of Sussex, Esq., subject to the rent of 17«. 10(/., payable to the Crown on account of the site of the priory, who, in the following year, conveyed to Mr. Pennington the fee, subject to existing leases, of the two portions of the Great House above mentioned, the dwelling-house near the little chui'ch stile, also above referred to, an orchard near the pool, a stable and a decayed tanyard, lately a toft, whereon stood a dwelling- house situate within the site of the priory at the backside of the house built where formerly stood the " great hall," one close of land called the " bowling green," the pool itself, and a malt- house. It should, however, be noticed that no mention is made of the fee-farm I'ent of 17s. lOJ. reserved to the Cro^v^l in the original grant to Thomas Sternhold.*

This arr.angement conduced to the destruction of every atom of the conventual buildings, but it led to the consolidation of the several tenements into wliicli the premises had been divided. Mr. Pemiington immediately bought up the interests of the several lessees, so that at his death, two years afterwards, the whole of the site of the priory was in his possession.

Mr. Pennington died at Dover in the year 1789, and by his will bequeathed the priory to his niece, Nancy Hosken, daughter of the Eev. Anthony Hosken, vicar of Bodmin, the last representative of the family of Hosken of St. Kevern, by Susanna, daughter of the Rev. William Pennington, father of the above-mentioned William. Nancy Hosken married AValter Raleigh Gilbert, Esq., and carried the priory into the family of Gilbert, by which family from time to time have since been acquired much of the lands anciently forming the priory demesnes. The priory is now the seat of Lieut. -Colonel Walter Raleigh Gilbert, Chief Constable of the county.

THE ADVOWSON OF THE RECTORY AND VICARAGE.

This benefice was held by the prior and convent of SS. Maiy and Peti'ock, and it is jirobable that the parochial church was anciently served by one of the canons of the priory. This arrange- ment would appear to have been changed in 1261, when John Chepman, most likely one of tlie canons, was appointed to the sole chai'ge of the cure, and Bishop Bronscombe ap])ointed to him a stipend, to consist of four marks annually, one chamber of a canon, and sufficient food for a horse.t The same arrangement was made upon the institution of the succeeding vicar in 1267, and confirmed in 1269. It appears, however, that on the Inquisition of the Bishops of Lincoln and Winchester, J commonly called Pope Nicholas' Taxation, the parish was taxed as under :

Ecct de Bodmynia . . . . . • '^J h. xiij s. iiij d.

Vicar ejusdem ... . . xl s.

AVhilst the Valor Ecclesiasticus § 26 Henry VIII. gives the

net value of the vicarage as . . . . xiij li. vj s. viij d.

defended himself against the charge at the bar of the House of Commons. He died in 1800 aged 77 years, and was buiied in the parish c-hurcli of Hammersmith, co. Middlesex. Arms : Gules, on a chevron or between three leopai'd's heads as many crescents. — Faulkner's History of Hammersmith, p. 136. * See ante.

f Ordinis quod consistat in liberatione unius canonici, iiij'"' marcis annuls, una camera competenti, pabulo unius ciini. cum amiona. (Bronscombe's Keg. f. 20.)

J Bronscombe's Eeg. § Vol. ii. p. 401.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — ADVOWSON OP RECTORY AND VICARAGE. 43

Accoi'dino; to ancient custom the vicar was not entitled to any mortuanj * on the death of any inhabitant of the town, nor on the death of any person who, while visiting friends or relations within the town, and doing his duties to the parish church, fell sick and died, but to a dirge and mass-pennij only ; nevertheless, on the death of any stranger, who travelling through the country feU sick and died within the town, the vicar, for his mortuary, was entitled to the best wearing cloth of the deceased being with him, as his chattel. The vicar, by custom, was entitled four times in the year to lawe-ojferinrfs, viz. at the feast of All Saints, Christmas, Easter, and the Nativity of St. Petrock.f The vicar was entitled by custom for every dirge on the death of every in- habitant of the town, *' for every month and twelve month mynde," six pence and no mortuary ; and if any inhabitant set a herse-cloth in the church upon a dead person and wax thereupon for a month or twelve month, the vicar could claim nothing thereof. The vicar was entitled to the tenth calf when it fell ; and, if a calf were sold, then to the tenth penny ; and for the milk of every cow drawn, one penny ; but to no tithe of butter or cheese. He was entitled to tithing of flax, liemp, leeks, onions, beans, apples, pears, and small herbs, and also to tithe of hay. These customs are set forth in a testimonial made by Thomas Boscarnan, mayor, and the j)rincipal inhabitants, dated 15th January, 17th Henry VIII. (1527,) preserved among the records of the corporation and printed at length by Mr. Wallis.J

It appears that a lease of a parcel of the rectories of Bodmin, St. Minver, Padstow, and St. Cubert was granted by the prior and convent in the 29th year of Henry VIII. for a term of seventy-seven years, to Nicholas Prideaux at the annual rent of 56/. 12s. 10 J. which lease was confirmed by the King under the Great Seal on the last day of July 1544. In what manner this lease ceased before its expiration we have no evidence to show, but on 28th February 1574 instructions were given for the preparation of a lease of the same premises at the above-mentioned rent to Edward Weldon for a term of 21 years; nevertheless, wo find that only four years later the said rectories, with all the sheaf tithe, &c. were released to Nicholas Prideaux, Philippa his wife, and Edmond their son for the term of their lives and the longest liver of them, with re- mainder, after their decease, to Hurafry Prideaux, nephew of Edmond. On the death of Nicholas the premises were demised to Philippa his widow for her life, and upon her death, in the year 1600, a new lease was granted by letters patent § dated 10th December, 4.'3rd Elizabeth, to Edmond Prideaux and Peter Prideaux his son for their lives, and after their decease remainder unto Humfry Prideaux, ne[)hew of Edmond, as before; reserving the accustomed rent of 56/. 12«. lOd., with such conditions and covenants as were usual. || On the 5th January 1609, however, letters patent,^ passed under the Privy Seal, which, after reciting the last-mentioned lease, granted {inter alia) the rectories and sheaf tithe of the said four parishes, and also the

* A mortuary was a customary gift, of the nature of a heriot, claimed by, anil due (o, the parish priest in very many parishes, upon the death of every parishioner.

f Commemorated on the 4th June. J Bodmin Reg. p. .30.

§ Pat. KoUs, 43 Elizab. p. xl. The altarage tithes and other tithes had been granted to John Connock for 21 years at '22g. rent, 2.5 Elizab. .June 1!).

II Court of Augmentation, Particulars for Leases, Elizab. and James I.

H Pat. Rolls, G James, part xv. m. 10.

44 PARISH OF BODMIN.

advowsons, donations, fi-ee disposition, and right of patronage of the vicarage of the parish churches of the same, to Thomas Aileworth,* esq. and Robert Duke, gentleman, their heirs and assigns, for ever, to be held of the King, his heirs and successors, as of the manor of East Green- wich, by faithful service in free and common socage, and not in capite, nor by knight service, rendering for the same the abovementioned rent of 56/. 12s. 10(7. per annum.

The rectory and advowson of Bodmin appear to have been in the possession of the grantees of the Crown for a very short time. We have no knowledge of the exact date of transfer, but in 1612, upon the death of the vicar John Bailey, the presentation to the church was made by John Saunders of Awlescombe, in virtue of a grant for that turn, by Edmond Prideaux of Netlierton, Esq.t

The fee-farm rent of 56?. 12s. lOd. reserved under the above-mentioned grant, was, on the 14th November, 1627, granted (i«fer alia) to Queen Henrietta Maria* by way of dower, as it had been before granted to Anne Queen of James I. ; § but when the rebellion was consunnnatcd the Queen, like all the rest of the royal family, was proscribed, and her property seized. In 1651 an attempt was made to sell this rent with others. || Whether or not a purchaser was found we have no e^adence ; but, if so, upon the Restoration the bargain was declared void, and the estate again fell into the hands of the Kine. In the 23 Charles II. these and divers other rents were vested in Francis Lord Hawley and others as trustees for sale, and this rent was accordingly, in the same year, sold to Peter Prideaux of Netherton, Esq.^ who thus became possessed of the rectories and advowsons of these four parishes in fee simple.

The rectorial tithes and the patronage of this \'icarage remained vested in the family of Prideaux until after the death of Sir John Prideaux in 1766. Some time afterwards authority was given by the Com-t of Chancery to sell a portion of his real estate to liquidate his debts and discharge the legacies bequeathed by his will. Accordingly, by deed dated 29th September, 1789, the reetoiy and sheaf-tithe of this jiarish were conveyed, fi'ce of all charge thereon, to George Browne of Bodmin, Esq. who, by his will, together with certain other real estates, demised this rectory to his grandson and heir, George Francis Collins, Esq. who afterwards assumed the name of Browne,** by whom in 1820 this rectory and advowson were sold in small parcels. The holders of the se\eral parcels in 1 840, as shown by the Tithe Apportionment, appear- fi-om the annexed Schedule, which also shows who are the present proprietors.

Tlie advowson of the '\icarage was piu-chased by a Mr. RadclifFe, whose representatives, in 1806, sold the same to John Wallis of Bodmin, Esq. by whom it was conveyed to the late Lord De Dunstanville and Basset.ft in whoso familv it still remains.

* Pat. Rolls, 6 James, part xv. m. 10. Thomas Ayhvorth married Tabitha ilau. of Edmund Prideaux, of Ketherton, barrister-at-law, aud doulile reader of the Inuer Temple, hy his first wife Bridgett dau^'hter of John Chichester of Kaleigh. Thomas Aylworth is described in the Prideaux pedigree as " of Bcnnallock, in Cornwall."

t Bishop Carey's Reg. f. 100. * Pat. Rolls, 2 Charles, part iv.

§ Pat. Rolls, 11 James, part xiii. {| Particulars of Fee-Farm Rents, lOJl, Roll 3S-C4, 65.

Close Rolls, 23 Charles II. part viii. No. 23.

See ante, p. 4G. ft B. M. Add). MS. 9420.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — ADVOWSON OP RECTOUT AND VICARAGE.

46

COMMUTATION OF TITHES.

1840.

PROPRIETORS.

The Vicar . Thomas Baron

Phih'p Clemence . Peter Coleman Richard Coom Joan Every .

John Cole Grose .

Parmenas Hambly

Richard Hcnder .

William and George Henderson

Francis John Hext

Deeble Peter Hoblyn .

Kitty Whitfield Kirkwood

Mary Liddell

John Liddell

Margaret Martyn Liddell

Elias Hiscutt Liddell .

Richard Long

John and Thomas Marshall

William Marshall

Tlic Mayor and Corporation

Thomas Mellow

Bennett and William Miehell

Sir William Molesworth, Bai-t.

William Phillipps, Clerk

John Popham

Laurence Holkar Potts .

Nicholas Stevens .

Thomas and Robert Thomas .

John Wallis ....

Thomas West

Thomas Williams .

Edward Mounsteven Wrijrht .

£ s. d.

392 19 10

15 .5 0

0 10 0

0 16 0 27 0 0

7 4 6

10 5 0

15 0

1 2 6 0 10 0

13 6 2

18 1 3

2 0 0

14 0 0

James Liddell, Comm"" R.N.

1 4	0
0 2	6
3 11	0
50 0	0
3 0	0
9 8	0
2 10	0
48 0	5
0 4	6
1 1	0
4 15	0
1 2	6
120 0	0
3 0	0
0 10	0
1 11	6

0 Kitt, of Penzance

6 1 John Marshall and the representa- tives of Thomas Marshall . The same ..... Mary Mellow, sister of Thos.M. for life William IMichell, M.D., and William Miehell, Clerk . . . . Representatives of the late Sir W. Moleswortli .... Charles Serjeant, Esq., by purchase of William Phillipps (afterwards Flamank) ..... Richard Adams, injure nxoris

Merrifield & others in severalties

Nicholas, son of Nicholas Stevens . Tlie same Robci-t Thomas John Perry, Clerk, by j)urchase Catherine, widow of Thomas West . The same Thomas Williams

15 0

1868.

PROPRIETORS. £

The Vicar 392

Henry Mudge, by purchase from ' John Baron, to whom it had been bequeathed by Thomas Baron

Thomas Williams ....

Merged in the freehold.

Felix Coom, John Coom, and . . . Grose

Anna Glencross, dau. of Joan Every and widow of John Glencross, Clerk

Penny ....

Representatives of Richard Burrow

?

George, son of George Henderson . Francis John Hext, Esq., and George

Hext, Clerk .... John H. Peter Hoblyn, of Colquite,

Esq

James Fell, Esq., in jure uxoris

«. d. 19 10

5 0 10 0

27 0 0

7 4	6
10 5	0
1 5	0
1 2	6
0 10	0

13 6 2

18 2

1 3

0 0

2 0 0

14 0

3 13	6
50 0	0
3 0	0
9 8	0
2 10	0
48 0	5
0 4	f)
1 1	0
4 15	0
1 2	r.
120 0	0
3 0	0
0 10	0

£'7.'')4 5 S

N

46 PARISH OF BODMIN.

THE TITHE OF HAY.

In the customal of the vicarage of 1527, to which we have already adverted,* it will be seen that the vicar was entitled to the tithe of hay. How this became severed from the vicarage we have no evidence to show. These tithes, however, were, after the dissolution of the priory, in the hands of the Crown, and on 8tli November 1610, t were granted by King James I. by letters patent, unto Francis Phillips and Richard More, gent., together with similar tithes of the parishes of St. Minver, Padstow, and Cubert, to be held of the manor of East Greenwich by fealty only, in free and common socage, at the rent of 20.<'. per annum. On the 15tli Jime, 1652, | however, the Commissioners appointed by Parliament for the sale of fee-farm rents sold the reserved rent to George More. A few years later we find the tithe of hay the property of Thomas Opie of Park, gent., whose son and heir John Opie of Park, on 29th May, 20 Charles II., in considera- tion of the sum of three score pounds, conveyed the same to the mayor and burgesses of Bodmin, § it being stated in the conveyance to be the intention of the parties that the said tithe hay and the profits thereof were to be freely given and bestowed, and freely to be enjoyed by the then vicar of Bodmin, in case he would relinquish an existing covenant, grant, and compensation of foiu* score pounds per annum, which he claimed against the mayor and burgesses, during his life, and afterward by his successors respectively, provided they should be presented to the \icarage by and with the good liking of the mayor and burgesses, to be signified by some instrument under the corporate seal. Tlie sale of the fee-farm rent would seem to have been cancelled at the Restora- tion, for in the last-recited conveyance provision is made for the pa\Tnent of the full rent of 20s. a year, the whole of which seems now to have been made chargeable upon the tithe hay of Bodmin.

LIST OF INSTITUTIONS. •

1261. 5 kalends of Sept. || John Chepman, Priest, was instituted to the vicarage of the parish

church of St. Petrock at Bodmin upon the presentation of the prior and convent. 1267.ir .... John Oberman, was instituted upon the presentation of the prior and

convent. 1276. Wednesday next after Sir Philip do Stoke Gabriel, Priest, was instituted upon the presenta- the feast of St. James the tion of the prior and convent. Apostle.** 1301-2 John de Trehengy.ft

* Vide ante, p. 43. t Tat. Rolls.

J Counteq)art of Deed, Court of Augmentation. § Deed among Corporation Records.

II Bishop Bronscombe's Register, f. 20. 1 Ibid. f. ** Ibid. f. 73.

tt The institution of this vicaj- is not found recorded in the episcopal registers ; but in the Assize Roll of 30 Edw. I. he is mentioned as vicar of the church of Bodmin.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — INSTITUTIONS. 47

1349. Aiiril 8* . . John Trescau,t Priest, was instituted upon tlie presentation of tlie

prior and convent.

1386 John Tyrell^

1300 Sir Robert Northwode.§

1400. Auo-ust 12 II . . John Stejjhjn, was instituted to the vicarage of Bodmyn vacant by

the death of Robert Northwode upon the presentation of the prior

and convent. 1417. May 11 ^ . • Lawrence Vehiw was instituted to the vicarage of St. Petrock of

Bodmyn, vacant by the death of John Stephyn the last vicar, upon

the presentation of the prior and convent. 1430. Deer. 23 ** . . Henry Gurlyn tt was instituted to the vicarage of Bodmin upon the

presentation of the prior and convent. 1470. March 28tJ . . WilHam Bray, M.A., was instituted to the parish church of Bodmin,

vacant by the death of Heni-y Gurlyn the last vicar, upon the

presentation of the ]irior and convent.

1489 William Mcrrifield.§§

1494. No'iT. 4 nil . . Robert Barbour, was instituted to the vicarage of Bodmin vacant by

the death of "William Merrifield, upon the presentation of the

])rior and convent. John Holwell. 1516. Novr. 1511^ . . Thomas Vivian, M. A., was instituted to the parish church of Bodmin,

vacant by the resignation of John Holwell, late vicar, upon the

presentation of the prior and convent.

* Bishop Grandison's Reg. f. 77.

f .John de Trescan, vicar of the church of St. Petrock of Bodmin, Walter de Trescau, and Erungera his wilo, and William Fekyn de Trescau, were sued at the assizes at Launceston (1353) by Richard de Forde relative to his free tenement of Trescau. (Assize Roll, 2G Edw. III.)

I John Tyrcll, vicar of the church of Bodmyn, levied a fine of John Lanergy and Johanna his wife and William Martyn and Diouisia his wife, of four messuages in Bodmyn and Pcnbngel. (Pedes Finium, 10 Rich. II. Michs.)

§ The institution of this vicar is not found recorded in the episcopal registers; but on 26 May, 1390, licence was granted to Sir Robert Northwode, vicar of Bodmyn, to hear confessions (Bishop Brantyngham's Reg.). His name is also mentioned in tlic institution of his succe.s.sor.

II Bishop Stafford's Reg. f. 29. Mentioned in the Assize Roll, 8 Hen. IV. (1407).

t Ibid. f. 183. ** Bishop Lacy's Reg. f. 98.

■ft In HG2 Henry Gurlyn was instituted to the parish church of Endellion upon the presentation of tlie prior and convent of Bodmin. A commission of inquiry was issued, upon which it was certified that the church was vacant, and that Thomas the Prior of Bodmin and the convent there were the true patrons, and that the right of presentation was with them. William Vyvyan, the late prior made the last presentation (Bishop Booth's Reg. ff. 21, 8G). The church of B.idinin was rebuilt during the incuinl)cncy of this vicur, tliongh he lived not to see the work completed, and shields (some of them unfinished) cliargcd with the arms of Gurlyn, uniinpaled, appear in the roof ; see p. 52.

It Bishop Booth's Reg. f. 27.

§§ His name is signed ''Meryfeld " in 1474. Bod. Reg. p. 326.

nil Bishop King's Reg. f. 108.

^% Bishop Oldham's Reg. f. 47.

48

PARISH OF BODMiy.

1550. Novr.21*

1564. Feby. 18

1566. April 22

1568. . 1571. Jam-. 1 .

1573. March 8

1612. June 23

1635-6. Feby. 23 .

Date of institution not re- corded. 1663. No\T. 7 .

1679. Oct. 3 .

Sir John Dagle, Clerk,t was instituted to the vicarage of Bodmin, vacant, upon the presentation of Richard Chamond, Esq. executor under the last will of John Chamond, Knt. his father, deceased, the true patron, pro lidc vice, under a grant from the prior of the house or monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Petrock of Bodmin, the true original patrons for this turn.

Sir Stephen Lyons, Clerk, J was instituted to the vicarage of the parish of Bodmin, vacant by the death of John Dagle, last A"icar, upon the presentation of the Queen's Majestj-.

William Forthe, M.A., was instituted to the parish church of Bodmin, vacant by the death of Stephen Lyons, last vicar, upon the pre- sentation of Elizabeth Queen of England.

Sir John Bawden.§

John Bishop, Clerk, was instituted to the vicarage of Bodmin upon the presentation of the Queen.

John Baylie, Clerk, was admitted to the vicarage of Bodmin upon the presentation of the Queen.

John Saunders, Clerk, M.A.,|| was admitted to the vicarage of Bodmin, vacant by the death of John Baylie,1[ last incumbent, upon the presentation of John Saunders of Awlescombe, for this turn the true patron by the grant of Edwai'd Prideaux of Netherton, in Devon, Esq., the true patron.

William Drake,** M.A., was admitted ^acar, vacant by the death of John Saunders, upon the presentation of Sir Peter Prideaux.

John Winnell, Clerk.

Humphry Bett^-,tt Clerk, M.A., was admitted to the -s-icarage of Bodmin, vacant by the cession of John Winnell, Clerk, last incumbent, upon the presentation of Sir Peter Prideaux of Xether- ton, in CO. Devon, Bart., the true patron.

Jasper Wood, Jl Clerk, M.A., was admitted to the -v-icarage of Bodmin, vacant by the death of Humpliry Betty, Clerk, M.A.. upon the presentation of Sir Peter Prideaux of Netherton, Bart.

* Bishop Voysey's Keg. 139. t " S' John Dagell, vicker of Bodmyn," buried December 15th, 15Gi. (Par. Reg.)

Note.— In the Parochial Register occnrs this entry of a burial: " 156. Dec'' 2". S' John Lawrance, Priste." % Burials: 1565. Stephen Lyoncs, vicker of Bodmyn. June 13. (Par. Reg.) § 1568. S' John Bawden, vicker of Bodmyn, was biu-ied July 21. (Par. Reg.) II 1635. M' John Saunders, vicir of Bodmin and M' of y<^ Chancery, was buried Oct. 6. ^ 1611. Jone wife to Jo. Bayly, vicar of Bodmen, bur. March 3.

1613. John Bayly, vicar of Bodm.in, buried June 20. ** William Drake was dispossessed of his benefice at the time of the Rebellion, ft Humphrey Betty matriculated at Exeter Coll. Oxford, 5th June 1651.

XX Ja-sper Wood was the -son of Edward Wood, of Exeter, wooUendrapcr, the son of Edward Wood of the same place, vintner (Deed in the collection of the Author). He matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, March Uith, 1609-70, being

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — INSTITUTION'S. 49

171(>. Sept. 19 . . Henry Hake, A.B., was admitted to the vicarage of Bodmin upon

the presentation of Sir Edniinid Prideanx of Netlierton, Bart. 1722. May T) . . . Samuel Key,* Clerk, A. B., was admitted to the vicarage of Bodmin,

vacant by the cession of Henry Hake, last incumbent, upon the

presentation of Sir Edmund Prideanx of Netlierton, Bart. 1732. June 28 . . Mathew Munday,t B.A., was admitted upon the presentation of Sir

John Prideanx of Netlierton, Bart. 17o4. Deer. 14 . . Charles Daviss, A.B., was admitted upon the presentation of Sir

John Pridcaux of Netlierton, Bart. 1735. Novr. 4 . . . Anthony Hoskeu,| A.B., was admitted upon the presentation of Sir

John Prideaux of Netlierton, Bart. 17(57. May 9 . . . Edmund Powell, § A.B., was admitted upon the presentation of Dame

Ann Prideaux, widow. 1778. July 20. . . John Pomeroy,|| A.B., was admitted upon the presentation of Sir

Wilmot Prideaux, Bart., vacant Ijy the death of Edmund Powell.

Mr. Ponieroy died in the reading-desk of his chm-ch, when about

to say Divine Service before the judges of assize, Aijg. 17, 1813. 1813. Oct. 8 . . . Robert Dillon IT was admitted to the vicarage of Bodmin, vacant by

the death of John Pomeroy, upon the presentation of Francis Lord

De Dunstanville and Basset. 1817. Novr. 17 . . John Wallis, M.A.,** was admitted on the resignation of Eobert

Dillon, ujion the presentation of Lord De Dunstanville. 18G7. Juno 27 . . Charles John Diekinson,tt B.A., was admitted upon the death of John

Wallis, u]H)n the presentation of Dr. Ryder, the true patron, pro

hde vice, by grant from John Francis Basset of Teliidy, Esq. then 16 years of age, and is described as the son of Edward Wood, of Exeter, pleb. He toolc his degree as B.A. 1G73, aud proceeded M.A. 1676. Lysous says " he was a man of deranged intellects, fancied himself bewitched, and that he was delivered from the witch "s power by his gnardian angel." Mr. Tonkin says: " There was a printed account of this man; but we cannot meet with anyone who has ever seen a copy. Various traditions relating to him are still current in the town." (Lysons, p. 34.) This broadside is in the British Museum, but it seems to have become so veiy rare, and is so extraordinary in its character, and is, moreover, a matter of so much mystery and curiosity to the inhabitants of Bodmin, that we are induced to reprint it at length (see Appendix). Died 1716. See also Monumental Inscription, No. 84.

• Samuel Key, sou of Samuel Key, of Ilminster, Somerset, pleb. matriculated at the age of 17 years at Balliol Coll. Oxford, 23th May, 1710. 1731. JI' Sam. Key, viccar, was biuied Dec 31. (Par. Reg.) t B.A. Camb. 1711, M.A. 1734.

% B.A. Camb. 1732, M.A. 1738, Pemb. Bm-ied at Bodmin 24th November, 17C6. (P.ar. Keg.) Died 21st November. § Son of Thomas Powell of Kcnwyn, gent., matriculated at Oxford 27th March, 1759, at the age of 20 years, A.B. Magd. Hall, 2nd March, 1764.

II Son of John Pomeroy of Bodmin, gent., matriculated at Oxfcnd at the age of 18 years, 23rd March, 1771, A.B. Exeter Coll. 23rd Fcliruary, 1775. Buried at Bodmin, aged CO; see M. 1. No. 22.

% Son of Kobert Dillon of Penryn, gent., matriculated at Oxford, 2i;th March, 1773, at the age of 19 years. ** Matriculated at Exeter Coll. Oxford, 17th December, 1813, B.A. 7th July, 1820, M.A. 20th March, 1821. Died 6th December 1866, and buried in Beh-y Cemetery Uth December; see M. I. Nos. 40 and 101.

tt Mr. Dickinson is son of. the late Bishop of Meath, and was educated at Trinity Coll. Dublin. He was rector of Narraghmore, co. Kildare, which he exchanged with Dr. Kydcr for this benefice.

O

50

PARISH OF BODMIN.

THE PARISH CHURCH.

Great difference of opinion Las existed among authors with regard to the present parish chiu-ch of Bodmin. Some have contended that it was originally the conventual church, and tliat it was converted into the parochial church after the dissolution of the priory.* Others that it was always botli parochial and monastic, in which latter number is Whitaker, who writes very confi- dently upon the subject.t There is, however, as it appears to us, sufficient evidence to show that the priory chm-ch and the parochial chm-ch were entirely distinct. William of Worcester, writing in 1478, a few yeai-s only after the restoration of the parish church, mentions the monastic church thus : " Longitude continet 57 passus, et latitude ejusdem continet 30 steppys ;" and the parish chm-ch as being " 90 steppys by 40 steppys."

Leland, writing shortly after the dissolution of the priory, after alluding to the parish church as " a fair large thyng," says, " I saw no tumbes in the priory ver}- notable but Thomas Yiviane's, late prior there and suffragane by the title of the Bishopric of Magarensis ;" and again, " Ther lay buryed before the high altar in a high tumbe of a very darkesche gray marble one Thomas Vivian, Prior of Bodmyn and Suffragane Magarensis Episcopus. He dyed not long since."

Naylor had licence to found his chantry either in the parochial church of St. Petrock of Bodmyn or in the conventual church there ; whilst the prior is no party to the contracts for the .seats, nor is his name mentioned in the accounts for rebuilding the church, which, if he had had any right in the chmch, could scarcely have been omitted.

There is, moreover, other evidence bearing incidentally upon this question, for if we can show that the priory had its separate churchyard, it seems not doubtful that it also had its separate church. That there was a separate churchyard for the priory is clear fi'om a grant made by the jjrior and convent, dated 18th October, 27 Henry VIII.,^ conveying to John Vy^yan the elder and John VATvan the yoimger, for term of 5)9 j-ears {inter alia), two closes of land, one called the Vicar's Close, described as lying on the north side of the priori/ churchjard ; and in a deed, dated in 1603, § conveying the field called the Church Park, the tenement is described as bounded on the south witli a close called the Vicar'' s Meadow ; and in a deed of 1C87,|| the Vicar's Meadow is said to contain two acres of land, and described as lying and being between the lands of John Mounsteven, heretofore purchased of Wilton,^ on the east, the king's highway on the south, divers gardens and stitches on the west, and a close of land, late in the possession of Christopher Pening- ton, on the north.

These descriptions fix the locahty of the Vicar's Close as the meadow adjoining the new

* rials, p. 20. J Conrt of Augmentation, Orders and Decrees, vol. xiii. f. 45 b.

t Ancient C'^ithcdral of Cornwall, vol. i. p. 43 a. § Deeds at the prioiT.

II Ibid.

^ The tenement called Rounsevall's Tenement in Prior's Bam Lane belonged to John Wilton of St. Breock, who, by bis will dated 26th January, 10511, left it to executors to be sold for the payment of his debts and legacies, who, by deed dated 2nd October, 23 Charles II., conveyed the same to Richard Opyc, wliose representatives, on 22nd February, IGSo, sold the tenement to Francis Blight, who soon afterward, by deed dated 29th April, 1U86, conveyed it to John Mounsteven.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — PARISH CHURCH. 51

police station, on tlie soutli of which, across the road, lies the present priory garden, in which a large quantity of ecclesiastical remains have been discovered, and human bones at various times disinterred. Some years ago, in making an excavation on this site, a grave w&s discovered con- taining a perfect male skeleton of large size. We may, therefore, I think, safely conehule that the present priory garclen was the site of tlie priory church and churchyard.

Tlie parish chui'ch of Bodmin, which is dedicated to St. Petrock, is the largest ecclesiastical edifice west of Exeter (see PI. vi. ) It stands in a churchyard having an area of one acre two roods fifteen perches, and consists of a chancel of three bays, approached from the nave by two steps. The chancel is 51 feet iu length by 22 in breadth,* and the aisles thereto are 40 feet by 21 feet ; uave of six bays 100 feet by 23 feet, and nortli aud south aisles to the nave of the same length aud 21 feet in breadth f (see PI. vii.) The aisles are separated from the nave by semi- clustered columns of the usual form in third-pointed work. There is a fine porch on the south witii parvise chambers of two stories over it, each about 11 feet square, approached by a newelled staii'case. The floor of the upper room has fiillen ; | in the lower is a fire-place and arched recess. There is also a tower of three stages on the north side of tlie church, the walls of which, at the base, are eight feet thick. This tower was formerly surmounted by a spire 100 feet high, which was struck down by lightning on the 9th December 1699. The chancel and chancel-aisles are not jiarallel witii the nave, but orientate towards the north about three degrees.

The roofs are of the wagon style and jilastered between the ribs, the intersections of which are ornamented with carved bosses ; some of them armorial, otliers grotesque — masks with tongues protruding; and others with faces of various forms — birds, triangles, knots, foliage, &c., &c. Of the heraldic shields it may be desirable to say a few words, as they illustrate the alliances of old Bodmin families, of some of wln'cli we have no other record.

On tlie fiftii rib westward from the chancel-arch we find armorial bosses all relating to the family of Lucombe.§ On the centre boss is the .shield^ of Lucombe only. On the two on the south, Lucombe impales Sergeaux" and Heligan ; ^ and on the two on the north Lucombe im- pales Calmady* and Prideaux.'

On the se\enth rib occur tlie arms of Gurlyn'' in various stages of completeness. Two only

* The roodscrecn remained until the year 1775, when, upou the erection of the new organ, itwas removed lest it should obstrurt the sound ! (Bodmin Reg. p. 48.) In the corporation accounts, under the year 1698-9, we find the following

entry : "July 23. Paid Watt ford for painting the Rude and making the commandments and writing the two ta'>U'ts

with gold letters and providing oyle colours aud gold for the same, £G 8s. Orf."

t The Rom.an passus was .5ft., being the distance covered by the same leg from its being raised to its being again set on the ground; but we reckon the pace at half that distance or 2Jft. The step mentioned by William of Worcester would bo tlie processional step of 1ft. Sin. or three steps to 5ft. Upon this data the size of the parish church, 150ft. by 65ft., agrees exactly with the dimensions given by the old chronicler. According to the same rule the size of the priory chnrch in our measurement would be 95ft. by 50ft.

J It gave way about tlie middle of the last century whilst Mr. Wallis, an attoniey of Canielford, was examining papers within it, these rooms having been formerly used as record and council rooms. (Bodmin Reg. p. 9.)

§ The arms, which display no tinctures, appear thus:

1. A saltier between four mullets (should be estoilcs). 4. A chevron between three pears.

2. A saltier between twelve chen-ies. 5. A chevron, and a label of three points.

3. On a bend three stag's heads cabossed. 6. On a bend cntiscd three fleurs de lis.

52

PARISH OF BODMIN.

are properly finished, and another, though completed, displays the arms, through the igno- rance of the workman, in versed. Two others, though partly formed, remain in block. Hemy Giu-lyn was vicar during the rebuilding of the church, but died a little more than a jear before the work Avas completed, and probably, upon his death, the carving of his arms, then in progress, ceased.

In the north chancel-aisle are four armorial bosses also relating to the family of Lucombe : — 1. A chev. betw. three (laurel ?) leaves impaling Lucombe on the sinister side. It is pro- bable that this coat is intended for Tre- lawney, though the leaves are not of oak and are inverted. Ai-e . they the arms of Treleaven ? *

2. Lucombe impaling three heads couped (but whether of birds or beasts is uncertain in consequence of the rude- ness of the carving) betw. two cotises.

3. Between cotises three keys im- paling Lucombe.

4. Prideaux impaling Lucombe. Li the north aisle of the nave, near

the west end, occurs another boss carved with the arms of Lucombe. t

The whole buildino: is of third- pointed work and was almost entirely rebuilt in the reiga of King Edward IV. Minute accountsf of the siuns received, and the manner in which the amount was expended in rebuilding the church, are preserved among the records of the corporation. From these interesting documents we may learn the rates of labour and the price of building materials which obtained at the time the work was executed. Quarrymeu received Sd. a-day, and cutters of stone for the windows, pillars, &c., Gd. a-day. The whole sura expended was 194/. 3.«. Gid.

The work was performed dm-ing the years 1469 to 1472, in wliich latter year the roof was completed, as is shown by this inscription carved on the cornice of the northern side of the south chancel-aisle, an°iin'ifa°rcrf°In°i)''l)Oma f C'ln fuit. The tower and the north aisle of the chancel seem to have been built at an earlier date.

The east window of the chancel, which, in large square panes of badly-painted glass, repre- sents the Ascension of Our Lord, was set up in 1824, being the gift of Lord De Dunstain-ille. The north chancel-aisle has an east window, 4 It. 5 fo. ogee, with tracery in the head. On the

12 3 to

OKIGINAL WEST DOCK.

* There are no arms recorded in the Heralds' College for this name.

t A saltier between four estoiles (estoiles and mullets arc freely intcnnixed in these shields of Lncombe). J These accounts are being edited for the Camden Society by the Uer. J. J. Wilkinson, M.A. Hector of Lantcgli by Camelford.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — PARISH CHURCH. 53

north side are three windows, 3 It. 5fo., with tracery over; the easternmost one being filled with painted ghiss in memory of John Watkin. In this aisle is now jilaced the remarkable altar-tomb of Prior Vivian, which was removed from the chancel.* Li the south-east angle is a small piscina. The south chancel-aisle has an east window of 6 It. 5 fo. ogee, and in the south wall are three windows, 4 It. 5 fo., with traceiy. There is a priest's door in this aisle, and evidence of a rood- loft staircase in the wall, which has been built up.

Until lately the westernmost bay of the nave was divided off fi-om the church to form an entrance-porch and vestry, with an organ-gallery t over. This excrescence has now been removed, gi\-ing place to an internal wooden porch only. The organ has been placed in the north chancel aisle, and a temporary vestry is constructed in the south chancel-aisle, composed of screens of carved wood-work from old bench-ends. By these means the western window of the nave, which is of five lights with tracery over, has been restored and opened to the church, and has been filled with painted glass as a memorial to the Rev. John Wallis, vicar, lately deceased. The fixing of the window was completed Feb. 8, 1868.

The north aisle is latitudinally continuous with the nave, and besides the western window of 5 It. f) fo. has five windows, 4 It. 5 fo. on the north side, and a north door beneath one of the windows, which is consequently curtailed. The south aisle is also continuous with the nave. It has a western window of 6 It. 5 fo. with tracery, and five windows in the south wall similar to those in the south chancel-aisle. A little east of the south door is a small door leading to the staircase of the parviso, and in the western bay is the fine Norman font figured by Lysons, and near it stands a remarkable pillar piscina, removed from the chancel and now pierced with central slit and otherwise fitted up as an alms-box. There is one, precisely similar in form, at Mylor.

The fa(^ade of the south porch has three niches, with pedestals and ogee crocketed canopies, but the figures are gone. The porch and part of the church have a parapet-wall battlemented.

* On the removal of the tomb the prior's bones were fonnd within it, translated from the priory church.

t Mention is made of " organcs " in the ancient municipal records, and in the time of Henry VII. " the standing of the organes."

The present organ, which is said (Bodmin, Reg. p. 10.) to be a very fine one built in 1775 by Brice Seede of Bristol, was the gift of George Hunt, of Lanliydrock, Esq. and James Laroche, Esq. the then burgesses in Parliament for the borough, and was ornamented by escutcheons of their arms. Laroche. Quarterly: 1 and 4, Argent, a rook proper, differenced with a mullet; 2 and 3, Azure, in the sinister base an eagle sitting on a rock proper, regarding the sun in splendour in dexter chief. On an escutcheon of pretence, Gules, a chevron between three spearheads argent, for Ycomum. Crest, A rook proper.

The Laroches are said to have been stewards to the Earls of Radnor, and tlie last earl of the Robartes' family, by his will dated 175C, gave extensive lands in Cornwall to James Laroche, mentioned above, and Elizabeth and Catherine his sisters, three of the children of John Laroche. James Laroche was created a baronet by the title of Sir James Laroche of Over, in Almondsbury, co. Gloucester, in 1776. He mortgaged his lands in Cornwall to Peter Calmer, who seems to have entered into possession, but, by his will dated 20th March 1700, gave Sir James Laroche power to redeem, under which, in 1792, the whole of the lands were sold, and realized the sum of £44,151. Sir James Laroche married Elizabeth- Rachel-Ann, daughter and heir of William Ycomans of the Island of Antigua, but, dying circa. 1805 s. p. the title became extinct. The organ has lately been enlarged and improved by Ilele of Truro.

Hunt. Quarterly: 1 and 4, Party per pale argent and sable, a saltier counterehangcd ; 2 and 3, Az\u-c, three estoilcs or, a chief wavy of the second. Crest: A dog sable, sejant, collared and chained or, and fastened to a stake.

P

54 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Among the corporation records is preserved the original contract for seating this chnrch. It is dated the 9th day of December 1491, nearly 20 years after the completion of the chin'ch, and provides that, in consideration of the sum of four score and fifteen pounds, the contractor, one Matthy More, carpenter, shall, before Michaelmas 1495, " make or do to be made fully newe cliayrs and seges and iiij renges tliurghoute all the body of the sayde churge, after the furme and makyug of tlie chayrs and seges yn Seynt Mary Churge of Plympton, that ys to sa}' : the 2 mydde Eenges 12 fete and halfe in lenght, and the 2 syde Kenges 7 fete jni length, and a conve- uyent pulpyte }'n the sayde pj'sh chui'ge of BodmjTi after the fui'me and makjng of the pulpyte }ni the parysh Chnrge of Mourton yn hemstede, that ys to say, wt suffyeient Tymber Wenscote and workmanshyp, accordyng to the chayrs and seges yn the sayde parysh Chm'ge of Plympton, and the sayde pulpyte accordyng to the sayde pulpyte yn the sayde parysh Churge of Mourton, or better." The tymber wenscote was to be provided by the town ; and it is remarkable that it was to be brought from Wales to Wadebridge.

Mattliy More seems to have executed his work in a very satisfactory manner. Many of the old carved bench-ends which were removed from their original position when the church was repewed in 1819, still remain in the church. Some of them have been woi'ked into screens, and others lie rotting in the pai'vise chamber. Among them is one containing a curious specimen of mediieval caricature. A fox is shown in a pulpit preaching to seven geese.* He wears a cowl, and doubtless is intended to represent a friar mendicant, between which order and the secular clergy little love 2)revailed. The remains of a similar carving exists, though intentionally defaced.

There is also preserved one of the carved angle-buttressed pinnacles of the old pulpit, which shows signs of elaborate gilding and colour. Three sides of the body of the old pulpit, cut out of one solid piece of timber, may still be seen in the chm-eli itself. On its panels remain vestiges of paintings of personages. One has a bushy Mhite beard, but the paintings are nearly invisible from age. On the second panel is said to have been written, " Fac opus evangelista?," 2 Tim. ch. iv. V. 5, and this inscription, with a modern date, has been carved on the ornamental moulding of tlie new pulpit, which, in design, is very similar to the old one, except that it is destitute of the coloured decoration which its predecessor possessed.f

We have adverted to the destruction of the spire by lightning in 1699, " which in an instant was thrown down and tlie tower much impaired, the bells, planchings, and beams thereof being all broken down, and the chm'ch much rifled and broken." With laudable zeal a court of Com- mon Council was held on December the 11th, two days only after the catastrophe, when it was resolved that Mr. Mayor should forthwith proceed in the rejiair thereof ; and because the revenues of the corporation were msufficient to meet the expense, and no church-rate had ever been made

* The exemplification of this conceit is by no means uncommon. An interesting example formerly existed in the great window of the north transept of St. Martin's Church, Leicester, engraved by Nichols from a drawing by Mr. Peek made in 1730. Xichols's Leicestershire, vol. i. pi. xliii. p. 590.

t The church when completed must have been very sumptuous in its decorations. We find in the accounts of the eceiTers-geueral of the borough numerous charges for its adornment extending down to the end of the reign of Henry VII. ;

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — PARISH CHURCH. 55

within the borough, the inliabitants expressed their willingness to contribute for the purpose ; such contributions not to be in prejudice of the ancient custom and rights of all the parishioners, who always paid, and should pay, four nobles yearly, and no more, to the mayor and burgesses, in lieu and fldl satisfaction of the yearly rcjiairs of the church and for the sacramental wine. Ac- cordingly a sum of 227/. 9«. l^d. was raised by voluntary subscriptions, and was expended on the repair of the church, tower, and bells, but the spzVe was not restored.

The tower at the time of the accident contained a peal of six bells. To what extent they were

and, as the guilds liad been active in their assistance to raise the structure, so were they in its subsequent decoration. We

find, under the date of 21 and 22 Henry VII.:

" Item. rec. by the handes of Thorn's I'lympton and John Andrews of the ilde of Seynte Anna, the wich was

borrowed of the yld of Corpus Christi, to tlie paynting of the Assumc'on of cure Lady in the parish

church XX s.

2,H and 24 Henry VII. "Item, reocvcd by the handes of Harry Hoyge of the ylde of Seynte Leonard, paynting of oon hystory in the

roode lofte xxxiijs. iiijd.

"Item. rec. by the handes of John Weber of the ylde of .John Baptists to the paynting of oon hystory in the

"Item. rec. by the handes of Thomas Herott of the yldes Seynt Dunstan and Seynte payntyng

roode lotto

"Item. rec. by the handes of Pascoe Harry Venn of the ilde Seynte Martyn unto the same w '

The following payments also occnr: " Item. I paide of ire and workmanship for the fastcnyng of the draughtes afore the roode lofte. " Item. I paide Cristofcr Paynter in full payment for the paynting of iiij hystories in the roode lofte ' xv s."

The following items will al.so be read with interest as connected with the church: IG and 17 Henry VII.

" Item. I paide Rieli;ird Clerk for his attendance vpon the org.<ines vj s. yiiij d.

18 and 19 Henry VII. " Item. I paide to the clokmaker for mending of the clock, &c xij viij."

So that at this eai"ly date the church possessed both an organ and a clock. The former, however, seems not to have been satisfactory, for soon afterwards we find a new organ was provided:

22 and 23 Henry VII. " Item, paide for the fi-ayght of the organes fro' London vnto Fowy, and for bote hyre fro' Fowy to Lost-

withiell, and in othere expenses don vppon the bryngj-ng home of the same organes, hit amountith to ... xj s. j d.

" Item. I paide for to make the full payment for the organes for the xxiiij of there part liijs. iiij d."

That is the proportion paid by the twenty-four capital burgesses.

Moreover, as the church was sumptuous in its decorations so was it rich in its jewels, plate, and vestments. Mr. Wallis has printed (Bod. Keg. p. US,) an assignment of cliurch goods dated in 1539, and made by John Blygh, mayor, to Ricliard Coundey and Adam OryHith, wardens of the parish church of St. Petroek in Bodmin, " to the use of the said church, and at ther rule to be gyded and occupycd to the honor of God in the said church." During the following reign at Bodmyn as elsewhere, crosses and candlesticks, ships and censers, chalices, and other articles of silver used in divine service were purloined by the Reformers, and carried off. Nevertheless we find among the municipal records another deed of assignment, dated the Sunday next after the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, 8 IClizabeth, whereby Nicholas Cory, mayor of tlie town, assigns unto RichariJ Water and Tliomas Cole, wardens, and their successors wardens of the church, many rich vestments with candlesticks and other articles of latcu; but, with the exception of two conmiunion cups of silver, there was no precious metal. These goods and ornaments were assigned to the churchwardens " to be used and occupied to the honor of God in the same church." This document possesses very great interest, especially at this time, affording evidence, as it docs, th:it the wliole of the articles now in dispute were used in Bodmin Church in the worship of God, as a matter of course, as late as the eighth year of Queen Elizabeth. This important document is printed in the Appendix.

56 PARISH OF BODMIN.

injured does not clearly appear, but it is presumed they were all broken, as a sum of 77/. was paid to Mr. Christopher Pennington, the bellfounder, on account of them. They were, however, all again recast by Thomas Rudhall, at Gloucester, into a peal of eight smaller ones in 1767. On the clock * in the tower is the following inscription : —

" Francis John Hext, Esq^ Mayor. 17(39." " Hercules Rickard, Fecit, Exeter." On the bells, the following if

1st Bell. " When you us ring, we'll sweetly sing. 1767."

2nd. ,, " Peace and good neighbourhood. 1767."

3rd. „ " Fear God. Honoiu- the King. 1767."

4th. „ " Thomas Rudhall cast us all. 1767."

5th. „ " Prosperity to the town of Bodmyn. T ^ R. 1767."

6th. „ " Prosperaty (sic) to this Parish. 1808."

7th. „ " John Pomeroy Esq"^. Mayor, Wilham Stacey and Nicholas Craddock,

Churchwardens. T ^ R. 1767." 8th. ,, " I to the Church the Hving call

" And to the grave do summon all. 1767." The sixth bell, having been cracked, was again recast in 1808.

In addition to these bells in the tower there was, until 1814, a small bell called the tinking (tinkling^) b'cll, fixed over the western door of the church, which has been transferred to Minster. It is inscribed " Com, prais the Lord, 1727."

The western fi-ont was rebuilt in a debased style in 1814. The original door was a fine Norman structure. (See engraving, p. 52.)

In the north aisle, against the wall of the tower, is a painting of the arms of William III. Tliis was set up in the mayoralty of George De Montfi-yart, 1694-5, as appears from the Mayor's Accoimts for that year.J Mr. Waihs mentions that before the alterations in 1817 on the

• The chimes play every fourth hour : the times are, Psalms cxiii. civ. c, " Briton's (.«;>), strike home ! " " God save y^ King," and the " March in Scipio."

f We find various charges in the accounts of the receivers-general of the borough in connection with the bells : It appears that as early as 21 and 22 Henry VIII. one of the bells was sent to Bristol to be recast. Charges occur for the carriage of the bell from Bodmin to Padstow, and again on its being brought back from Padstow to Pendevy, and thence to Bodmin.

On 18th January, 1691, the mayor (G. Demonfryart) and common council agreed with Christopher Pennington to rehang the five bells for the sum of £10, and to keep the said bells in repair during his life for 20s, yearly. Numerous charges occur of payments made to the ringers for ringing on great public events.

In the Register of Baptisms we find the following entry, " Mr. Joanes, churchwarden, made the changes to our beells in the yeere 1634."

J " The Charges of y« King's Armes: £ s. d.

" P'' M' W° Hodge for deales, &c 2 6 9\

P" Tho. Beard for 6 dealds 0 15 o| £ s. d.

P* Tho. Beard for his labour 2 0 0) 16 2 4.'

P'' for 14 bookes of gold and other materials 3 0

P'' Wiilter Hford for drawing the armes and sentences 8 0 0)

ECCLESIASTICAL niSTORY — PARISH CHURCH. 57

walls of the church were written or suspended on tablets ^•arious sentences from Scripture, the table of degrees within which people cannot marry, and the letter of King Chai-les I. to the inhaliitants of Cornwall. These were destroyed. The King's letter was set up in the mayor- alty of Hugh Hobbs, 1(382-3.*

The responsibility of keeping in repair the parish ehureh and of providing what is necessary for Divine Ser\'ice, for wliicli a church rate is usually made in other places, has, at Bodmin, so far back as historical records extend, always been admitted by the mayor and burgesses. One churchwarden is appointed by the vicar and the other by the mayor. In early times, long before the period of the Reformation, receivers-general were appointed to account for the revenues of " the parish chm-ch of St. Petrock and town of Bodmin." These accounts are preserved from the 13th Edw. IV. (1473), immediately after the completion of the present chui'ch, and are, in many respects, most interesting. They are usually known as the Mayors' Accounts. They commence in each year on the feast of St. Francis the Confessor (Oct. 4), and thus agree with the term of office of each mayor, whoso name usually is shown at the head of the account.

There is also among the corporation archives another set of accounts, though in a far worse condition, having suffered more from damp and neglect. These are the churchwardens' accounts, and commence in 1484. The expenses of the church in detail would seem to have been paid by the churchwardens, for which purpose moneys were advanced by the receivers-general. In addition to which the churchwardens debited themselves with receipts of rents of assise of various lands and tenements, collections in the parish church, fees for burial within the church, which was usually 10«. beside the fee of 12d. to the vicar, obiits, &c. Their expenditure consisted of repairs of the chm-eh, tower, and bells, and tlie purchase of wax, books, vestments, and other ornaments of the church. These accounts cease about the middle of the I'eign of King Henry VIII.

Among the credits of the receivers-general are a large number of items received from persons for putting their names, or the names of their friends, upon the tables ; e.ff. —

21 and 22 Hen. VII. Item. Rec. of the geyfte of John Pele to set iij names vpon tabyls, a maser cuppe

and vj sjwnys of silver, the wieh sold to Tiioms huett for . . . . . xx s.

Item. Rec. by the handf of WiUiam Coch a rede gurdelle harnesshed with silu, of the geyfte of Margarete Wattf to the chm'ch.

The payments, however, were usually in money.

10 aTul 11 H. VII. Item. Of Phylypp late the wyfe of John Carmynowe, Esquyer, to sett ye apon y" tabyll xx s. Item. By the handf of Jane Eggecombe, late the wyfe of liychard Eggeeombe, Knyght,

to sett the" apon y° tabyll ........... xx s.

Item. Payed to Mast Vicarye for the redyng of the tabyllys xl s.

' " Item, paid Mr. BoiToughs for drawing or writing of the King's Ictt' in our cliurch 10s."

58 PAKISH OF BODMIN.

23 and 24 Hen. VII. The following items are of interest :

Item. I paide for wyneyevyn\-nto John RobjTi ofBlisland vppon the yevynge of a tree . iiij d.

Item. I paid for ij trees of him bought ......... ijs. vj d.

Item. I paide for the carriage of a tree fro Cabilia of the yeftc of ffountleroy . . xx d.

Item. I paide for the carriage of a tree of the yefte of Sir John Erode . . . . 'V'ij d.

MONUMENTS.

(1). The most striking and imjjortant monument in the church is the tomb of prior Vivian,* in the north chancel aisle, which we have mentioned as having been originally in the priory church ; and this view is, moreover, supported by the inscription on the tomb itself, in which the deceased is described as " huj usque domus Prior."

When the priory church was destroyed, of the date of which we have failed to discover any record, though Hals says it was dilapidated and demolished when he wrote — and Carew does not allude to it, it is probable that the prior's tomb was removed into the parish church for preservation.

This monument is an altar-tomb about 7 feet long and 3 feet high, made of a dark grey stone from tlie Cataeluse quarries in St. Merrin, near Padstow. It supports a recimibent effigy of the deceased, habited, having his mitre on his head and embracing his pastoral staff", hi.s hands being placed together in an attitude of prayer. The four corners were decorated with figures of angels supporting the effigy and holding shields charged with the arms of Vivian f and of the priory ; J but the figui-es have been much mutilated. The sides of the tomb are each divided into three panels. In the centre ones are escutcheons borne by angels and displaying the arms of the prior and priory respectively. Tlie other four contain figures of the Evangelists, accompanied by their distinctive emblems.

On the panel at the head are sculptured the arms of King Hemy VIII. France and England quarterly, surmounted by a crown and supported by a greyhound and a griffin ; — the Tudor badges (portcullis and rose) being also introduced. On the corresponding panel, at the foot, is represented an angel holding a shield charged with a cross-flory crowned, resting on an orb,

* The seal of Prior Vivian, inscribed " sigillum thome megabensis," represents him in a supplicating posture before the Vu-gin and Holy Infant.

The seal of the priory itself, inscribed (see Oliver) " sigillu' co'ie pkioeatus sancte mabie et sancti PETEOCI DE BODMYN," contained, under canopies, effigies of the Holy Virgin (holding in her onus the Infant Saviour) and St. Petrock with pastoral staff, and right hand raised in benediction, their names, " S • MAEIB • s. PETEO • " being beneath. Below was a shield of arms, three fish in pale.

Rev. J. Wallis (Bodmin Register) states that, attached to the east end of the church and communicating with it, stood a small chapel taken ioyra in 1776. It is difScult, however, to understand how such could have ever been there, as the ground rises so abruptly as to leave no space for it.

t Or, on a chevron azure three annulets of the field between three lion's heads erased proper, on a chief gules three martlets argent.

J Three fish in pale naiant, probably salmon, in allusion to the fishery in the Alan for centuries possessed by the priory.

ECCLESIASTICAX HISTORY — MONUMENTS. • 59

which arc said to be the firms of King Edgar. Ai-ound the upper ledge of the tomb, in incised Lombardic capitals filled with metal, is tliis legend : —

'* HIC • T^'MILATV .... VENERABILIS : PATER " TOMAS .-. VIVIAN • MEGARENSIS " EP'VS HVIVSQE DOJIVS PRIOR QVI OBIIT ANNO D'NI : M.D.XXXIII PRIMO DIE IVNU CVIVS CIETVR DEVS AMEN."

A brass plate inlaid on the top of the tomb is inscribed —

" Tills Tomb, which originally stood before the High Altar, was repaired in 1819 by Sir Vyell Vyvyan, Bart., the Legal Representative of the Prior."

[Tlie other monuments in the church, including three windows containing memorial stained glass, occur in the following order.]

Chancel.

(2). A white marble slab in the floor thus inscribed : —

Beneath this stone are deposited * the remains of Susanna Hosken, widow of the Rev"^ Anthony Hosken, and daughter of the Rev'* W™ Pennington. She departed this Hfe May 3'', 1791, aged 72 years. Arms: — Party per pale azure and gules, a chevron or, between three lions ramp. arg'. (Hosken). On an escutcheon of pretence, Or, five fusils in fess [az.]. (Pennington.)

(3). North of the foregoing : —

Under this Stone are deposited the remains of Catherine Stone, widow of John Stone, Gen', and eldest daughter of Hugh and AUce King. She died the 21*' of May, 1826, aged 94 years.

(4). Near the last, a similar slate stone: —

Under this Stone arc deposited the Remains of Nancy King, aged 37 years; who died the IP" of April, 1780. Also, the Remains of Loveday Glynn Crews, Widow, who died 13 October, 1809, aged 74 years; daughters of Hugh King of Kirlaud, Esq"' and ^Vlice his Wife, eldest daughter of the Rev'' William Pennington.

(5). Also on another slate slab : —

Here lyeth the Body of Nicholas Trebilcock, late of this town, who departed this life in the fear of God, The 21*' of December, in the 68"> year of his age, Anno Domini 1724. From trouble and anxiety, Pale death sets all men free. Reader consider well tby end, Prepare to follow me. Beloved wife and children dear, For me don't wet an eye, Sooner or later death will come, Live well and well you'l die.

North Chancel Aisle.

(6). On the south side of the prior's tomb is a slate stone in the floor, inscribed: — Cum dederat mocsto mors immatura sepulchre

Filiolos patris pignera chara duos

* Vldo No. 32.

60 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Ecce (novos frondens dum fnictus parturit arbor) Ciun tenero matrem prole deditq" neci Sic tres cmn viridi ceciderimt arbore rami Perq" dei crescunt mimus in arce poli Arboris at radix superest virgultaq" vivimt Quatiior inde deus vivere summe sinas niaq"^ matura cum tandem morte peribimt Cmn reliquis ccelo vivere summe sinas.

Jacent* Margareta uxor Nicholai Spreyf generosi, et Nich'as, Otho, et Johannes. [Margarets cum] Joh'e obijt Lx. die Febr. 1604, Nicholaus 1597, Otho 1599.

(7) (&c.). In the floor below the step, west of the prior's tomb, according to a manuscript plan made by the late vicar, Eev. J. WaUis, there would appear to be about half a dozen ancient slabs, hitherto undeciphered. Witli one exception they are inaccessible, being covered by a wooden flooring, on which the organ is placed. The only one of these slabs in sight is inscribed thus :

[This mjonument sheweth here intumbed the body of Thomas Bere, y' sone of William Bere [of Bodm]yne, gent, who departed this l[ife J ].

(8). Three fragments of a slab, now loose in the church, contain part of the mantling of a shield of arms, which has been cut away, and the following inscription, portions of which have also been cut off": —

^- Hie Jacet Gulielmus Ken[dall,§ W]alteri Kendall armigeri filius Qui obijt decimo septimo die Decembris anno a partu do[mim nostri] 1604.

En jacet hie juvenis teneris ereptus in annis Quern natura velit vivere fata negant Fata negant heu fata negant non p'cere nosc'nt Haec rapiunt juvenes, haej fera fata senes Quem pudor ingenuus primis laudavit ab annis Mortuus et vere mortis imago jacet Ipse vides vitae quae sit fiducia nostras Somno par volucri transit ut ipse vides Chare vale charis bis chare parentibus O ter Chare Jovi calos O pete chare vale.

(9). Another loose slab, in tlie style of the seventeenth century, in this part of tlie church,

* Entered thus in Burial Register:

" 1597. Ap. 11. Nicho' sonne to M' Nic. Sprey."

" 1599. Nov. 18. Ottes sonne to M' Nicho' Spreye."

" 1604-5. Feb. 10. Margcrett wiff to M' Nicho' Sprey and Jo' his sone." t " Wedd. 1586-7. fEebr. 29. Nic. Spreye and Margett Walker." (Par. Reg.)

t In the Burial Register is the entry: " 1604. Decern' 24. Tho' Beare sone to Willi' Beare of S' Nyott." I The inscription on this monument differs from the entry in the Burial Register, which is as follows:

" 1604. Decern' 17. W" sone to Nicho' Kendall, esq.'' Probably the stone is the more correct.

ECCLESIASTICAI; HISTORY — MONUMENTS. 61

and removed from the sanctuary, is said to have contained these words, which have now disap- peared entirely : —

Infans Gulielmus Tume dieq. Martis Anno Dni *

Anthonious Collier fecit & sculp'.

Witliin a bordered panel the following lines are still preserved : —

Ver, ^stas, Autumnns, Hyems, tot (quamlibet annos

Non numerem) faciunt tempera nostra vices Mars alter spirare dedit, Mars abnuit alter

Militia; mora par inter utnrniq. fuit Martis at ilia dies, quaj mortis, et ultima, pacis

Lux erat. H«c Christo sole perenis erit.

(10). In the pavement, near the Prior's Tomb, are several other slate slabs now to be described. Tliat in the extreme north-east corner of the floor appears to be of the seventeenth century. It bears a shield with pillars, mantling, and crest : On a wreath, a flem'-de-lis. Arms : Three dexter hands erect, couped (Maynard) ; impaling, two bars, perched thereon tlu-ee birds, two in chief and one in base (Mitchell). The tinctures are not signified on the stone, and no inscription remains, f

(11). At right angles with the last is a slab which was formerly on the wall. It is in- scribed : —

Neere vnto this place (heere underneath) lies buried j'^ bodies of Phillip Michell of this Burrough, Esquire, and Blanch his wife, the daughter of Thomas Carniinowe Esq., which said Blanch siu'vived her husband about J 15 years, and, in the 71 year of her age, departed this life, the 13"^ day of September Ano Dni 1673: — and to the memory of them both Walter Kendall of Lostwithiell, Gent, (her Executor) caused this stone to be inscribed and heere affixed. W. S. sculpsit M.D.C.LXXIIIJ.

(12). At the foot of that just described is part of a slab which, from the few lines traceable on it, seems to have contained a representation of the figure of the deceased. In the two upper angles within the border are the words " Hodie mild, eras tibi."

The surrounding inscription is: —

1^ Here lyeth buryed Thomas Corye, sometyme Mayre of thys aye of

february, the yere of our lorde 1592.§

♦ The Bnrial Register gives: "1G30. March 2. William sonn to M' William Turney." .

t This is doubtless the monument of Jane daughter of Gilbert Mitchell, of Bodmin, esq. She was married November 1st, IfiOi), to Nicholas Maynard, esq. described at the Heralds' Visitation as of Milton Abbot, Devon. She died inlClO.and was l)uried on the 10th of August. See pedigree 2»>st.

I The Burial Register is blank from November 2l8t, 1653, to October 29th, 1660. § In the registers are the following entries : —

" Wedd. 1573. Oct. 18. Tho' Corye and Eliz. Wilton. "Bnrialls. l.Wl-S. ffeh. 27. Thomas Corye." Thomas Cory was appointed Mayor in 1591. See' List of Mayors.

R

62 PARISH OF BODMIN.

(13). Between the last named and the North wall is another fragment inscribed—

* Blighte gent, who decssed the 7 daye of September

The shaft and base of a cross remain visible within the border.

(14). The next stone is adorned with part of a cross flory. The remainder of it and the inscription have been cut otF.

(15). Adjoining the two last, is a large portion of a slab containing part of a legend on the border, t

marcii mese die t'no post festa marie 3" milleno qiiut x q ■

The date intended is probably L510. (MiUessimo quingentessimo decimoque).

(16). Between this and Prior Vivian's tomb, is a stone on which, besides a border inscription, a shield of arms has been engraved, placed couchant, with the shaft and base of a cross, and other ornaments in the backgroimd. The details have become almost obliterated — the arms are these : Quarterly, 1 and 4, a fess between ? (charges no longer traceable) ; 2 and 3, a chevron between three (perhaps two-handled covered cups| ?) impaling, a fess between three ducks.§ The words remaining on the margin of the slab are —

marie infra monasteriu sci Petroci qui obijt xxij die mensis Augusti An° Dni M". D°. xxxvi

cm an

(17). The middle of the next slab is occupied by an elaborately floriated cross; on the margin these words may be deciphered : —

1^ Hie q. tumlat Thomas lmotle || sic vocabaf Migias a solo pet ut hie

vmib : spe sit celo levat' .

This stone is very similar in design to one at the west end of the chm-ch, which is dated 1456.11

The inscription, read at length, would be,

Hie qui tumulatur, or, Hie quiescit tumulatus Thomas le Moyle sic vocabatm-. Migrans a seculo pet , ut hie yermibus spiritus sit celo levatus.

(18) and (19). Adjoining, are two fragments, one worn quite smooth, although shewing traces of having once been inscribed. The other is half a slab cut lengthwise. It is much worn, but part of a sunken panel which contained arms (?) may be discerned ; also a heart, portion of winged-hour-glass, (fee, and the words: —

.... Lyeth of William this Town . . . Died .... 1770 (?)... in .. .

of his

' In tlic Burial Register: " 1727. 7br 7th. Mr. Francis Blight."

t At Cardinham in the chiu'ch pavement is a similar slab, but the date of the tciu- is broken off.

X The charges are so indistinct as to be difficult to decipher.

§ Probably, Argent, a fess between three sheldrakes proper {Hcarle).

II In the List of Mayors the name, Thomas Moi/lc, occurs at the dates 1432-1434, 1435, 1443-1445. % No. 59.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — MONUMENTS. 63

(20). Against the east wall, and resting on the floorj is a carefully -wrought slate stone for- merly in the sanctuary, inscribed : —

* Here lie y'' bodies of Jowdy & Katheren, wives vnto Eichard Durant of this Towne, w'' departed this hfe in the faithe of Jesus Christ. Jowdy was buiied the 25"' of May 1589 * & Katheren the 22"' of December 1608.

During their lifes, had Durant wifes Jowdy & Kathren namde,

Both feared god & eke his rodd, so well their life'* they framde,

both comly, frugall, chast & fruitful!, yea of a constant mind

to all theii' freinds even to their ends, still to their husband Idnde,

both children dear whiles they liud heer v'to their husbfid brought,

by him a score, they had no more, all in good nurture taught.

the first had 6, 14 y'' next, bookes of recorde doc tell,

the best is this & trew it is, they liud & died well.

And here doe lie, whose children crie, woe y' this day wee see,

they must be still, it is God's will, they ar gone & so must wee.

Moderataf Durant.

Around the stone this further inscrij^tion has been added : —

Here lyeth the Body of Richard Ddeant, Husband ynto these wiues and father vnto these childi-en ; twice maior J of this Towne, who Departe this life in the faith of lesus Christ the 20"' of May, Anno Dommini 1032. Aged 79.

The figures of the two wives with their twenty children, eight boys and twelve girls, are cut on the stone ; — all (except the youngest, who is swathed as an infant,) kneeling in the attitude of prayer. On the faldstool before the first wife is an open book with the inscription : " Bcholde the mcrcyes of god to his glory." A vine, with clusters of grapes, proceeds from her loins, and, bending back over her head, shades her eldest son, on whose book and faldstool are the words — " Vivo hodie, morior eras. T. D." — " Sic transit Gloria Mundi."

On the book and its support, before the second wife, these words are inscribed : " I com Jesu." — " I lyved to dye 1 dyed to lyve againe." A vine, in full bearing, proceeding from her loins, is tiu'ned back over her whole family of fourteen children.

Above the last is a monument inscribed : —

In Memoriam Edvardi Hoblyn,§ gen. qui obiit 28 Deccmbris Anno Domini 1G88, /Etatis sua' 62. Et hie prope depositus est Vnacuni Quatuor filiabus Alicia, JIaria, Anna et Maria, et duobus fihis, Carolo et Hugone. ||

* As stated before (^vide No. 12) it appears that the entries of biu"ials in the register are (previous to IGOi!) antedated by a year in error ; couseqnently we find Jowdy Durant's biurial recorded luider tlie date May 2.^tli, 1589.

Richard Dnrant married (according to tlie register) Jowdy Mitchell, January 7th, 1.585; Katerin Turny, November 24th, 1.5'JO.

t This name has not been found in the registers.

t Richard Durant was mayor in 1611, and again in 1621. Thomas Durant was mayor in 1611 and 1053. See Listpost.

§ Buried, 1688. Dec. 30. " M'' Edward Hoblyn Scniour." Edward Hoblyn married Bridget daughter of John Carew, of Pcnwarne, esq.

II This monument was repaired in 1819 by Bridget (lloblyu) widow of John Lake, Rector of Lanivet. She died at Bodmiii, aged 85, March 27th, 1827.

64 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Anns : Argent, a fess gules between two flanelies ermine, differenced with a mullet gules {Hohli/n); impaling. Or, three lions passant sable {Careiv).

(22). On the opposite side of the window against the adjoining north wall is the following on white marble : —

To the Memoiy of John Pomeroy, M.A. Rector of Lesneuth and Vicar of Bodmin, who died in the desk of this Church while preparing to celebrate Divine Service before the Judges of Assize, Aug' xvii. M.D.CCC.XIII. In the sixty-first year of his age.

Ai-ms : Or, a lion rampant within a bordure engrailed gules.

(23). Close to the monument just described is the eastermost window of the north wall. This is filled vyilah stained glass as a memorial. Figures of Faith (holding a cross), Charity (our Saviotur in the attitude of benediction), and Hope (with an anchor), occupy the thi-ee long lights. The sacramental elements and vessels, corn, being so^mi as seed, springing in the blade and gathered in the sheaf, clusters of tlie vine, monograms and other devices are introduced. Beneath the chief figures are the words " Have faith in God." — " God in love." — " Hope thou in God." Across the lower part of the window is this inscription : —

ijl An offering to the House of God by five surviving children in grateful memory of the love and devotion of their beloved Parents. John P. Watkin, who died May 7* 18-16, aged 69, and Loveday Watkin, who died September I?''' 1857, aged 78. ^ A.D. 1859 ^ . They shall revive as the com. i^ Hos. xiv. 7.

(24). West of the window, and over a coat of arms of King Charles the First, upon the wall, is as follows, on marble : —

Sacred to the ^Memory of George Geach, who for many years resided and practised as a conveyancer in this town. Born at S' Austell on the 30"^ day of March 1800. Died in London on the IG"' day of May 1864, and was inteiTed in the Abney Park Cemetery.

(25). On the next space between the windows is a monument witli these inscriptions : —

Here lie the remains of Richard Stone, gent, who, after a long Indisposition, which he bore with Fortitude and Resignation, died January 2'' 1784, Aged 56 years. As also of Joanna Stone, daughter of the late Walter RadcHife of Warlegh, in the County of Devon, Esq"', who in the different Relations of life duly acquitted herself. She lived respected, and died regretted January 9"' 1792, aged 63 years. This monument is erected at her request as a tribute of her affection to the memory of her husband.

(26). Below the last, on a neat white marble tablet, is inscribed : —

To the Memory of James Liddell, First Lieutenant of Royal Engineers (and eldest son of* Lieut. Liddell, R.N. of this town), who was lost with nearly all his company of Sappers on Prince Edward's Island, in the South Seas, June 19"* 1849, aged 20. This highly gifted youth, regardless of self, amidst the awful wreck, closed his brief and most promising career in a noble effort to save a perishing lady.

* There is an obelisk in the churchyard to the memory of other members of the family of CommaDder Liddell, K.N.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — MOXrilENTS. 65

(27). Bej-ond the next window a gothic monument* —

Sacred to the Memory of James Kempthornb, Esq. of this town, who died 26"' Septemher 1851, aged 73 years. Also of Mary Peter,f widow of the aboye, Tpho died 28 April 1856, aged 76 years. And of their four children, Mary Peter Kempthorne, who died 5 April 1837, aged 25 years; James Kempthome, Lieut. 26 Eeg. Madras N.I. who died on his passage home, 3 April 1840, aged 31 years ; Henry Peter Kempthome, who was drowned in the Lord W. Bentiuck off Bombay, 17 June 1840, aged 24 years; and of Chariotte wife of Col. Shuldham, 18 Bengal N.I. and relict of Major Watts, 26 Bengal N.I., who departed this life at Meerut 13 Sept. 1856, aged 37 years. This tablet is erected as a tribute of love and respect, by their five surviving children.

At the base is an escutcheon of arms : —

Quarterly : 1 and 4, Argent, a chevron between three bear's heads couped at the shoulders sable ; 2 and 3, Argent, three pine trees fructed proper (for Kempthorne) ; impaling. Ermine, on a bend sable two arms bare, proper, issuing out of clouds, argent, rending a horseshoe or {Borlase). Crest, a lion sejant. JMotto, " Festina lento."

South Chancel Aisle.

(28). On the floor, close to the chancel, lies a slab with this inscription, all in capitals of the same size, several of the letters being conjoined : —

Here lyeth the Body of Iohn Bvllock, Gent, who was buried the 22th day of November in the yeere of ovT Lord 1658.

Vivere coelicolis terrfe tentoria liqui

Vita labor fuerat mors milii vita fuit Tres fratres fuimusq. duos dum possidet vrna

Pallens vt discat tertius inde mori Tltime trifratrum subito lace et Abijce ten-as Lactea morte via est viuere ca'Hcolis.

(29). Towards the south-east corner is a marble slab (now covered by the floor of the vestry). Its inscription is to the following effect : —

In Memory of Ch.\rles Blight, Gent. Twice Mayor of this Town.|

Whom all men lov'd

At the Age of sixty years

The Mighty King of Fears ♦

Hath now rcmov'd. Kind Reader give his Memory its due. He Friendship lov'd and understood, Was pious, loyal, just and good, And all that knew him know that this is true.

* Sec also monnment in the churchyard.

t Daughter of George Borlase, of Kirland, esq. whose other daughters were married to Childs and Wymond.

X Mayor in 1658 and 1677, vide List of Mayors and Pedigree of Blight.

S

66 PARISH OF B0D2IIX.

Obijt * Decemb. ll" A.D. 1684. Here allsoe Lyeth Elizabeth ffis Wife, who dyed y« 17'" of Sept. 1701. Etatis Suaj 78.

(30). Immediately wiliiu the Priest's door lies a slab in the floor, containing metal rivets. The inscription is nearly obliterated. Around the margin may be distinguished little more than the words, in old English letters,

d Elizab: . . . . Wh n ... Elizabeth [A]ugust A t

(31). In the floor beneath the end window is a stone : —

In Memory of Roger Pomeroy Gilbert, Esq., late Captaia of Invalids at Pendennis Castle, in this County, who died on the 13* day of February 1799, aged 54 years.

(32). On the wall, beside the window, is a tablet of white marble thus inscribed : —

Near this place are deposited the Mortal Remains of Nakcey Gilbert, the Beloved and Lamented Wife of Walter Raleigh Gilbert, Esq'', of Bodmin Priory. In life she possessed those Graces Which endeared her to Society. Those Virtues which do honor to our Nature — and her Piety and Benevolence will be long remembered as a Bright Example.

She departed this Life April 8"* 1818, Universally regretted, and this just tribute is paid to her Worth by her Afflicted Husband after a Happy and «ninteiTupted union of 35 Years.

Tliis monument was brought from the chancel — deceased is there buried with her Mother Susanna Hosken.J

(33). On the same wall, also on marble : —

In memory of William Raleigu Gilbert, son of Walter Raleigh Gilbert, Esq'', of Bodmin Priory, bom the 1«' died the 26«>' of May 1786.

(34). Below the last, also on white marble on the wall : —

To the Memory of Walter Raleigh Gilbert Esq'' of the Priory, who died 2""' February 1837, aged 85 years.

(35). Against the east wall and resting on the floor is a slate slab (formerly in the chancel) with a figure of the deceased in low relief and an escutcheon of arms, viz. those of Ihe Merchant Adventiu-ers' Company (of which he was probably a member). Barry nebulee, a chief quarterly: 1st and 4th, two roses in fess ; 2nd and 3rd, a Hon passant guardant. Tlie monument is in- scribed : —

Here lyeth the Body of m' Peter Bolt, merchant, sometyme steward of y" Citye of Exceter, who departed this life m the feare of God the 26"* of July An" Domi 1633. And also j" body of Elizabeth his

• Burial Register: —

" 1684. December 14. M' Charles Blight, senionr.

1701. Sep. 19. M'^ Eliz. Blight." t It appears from some old notes made by the late vicar 'Wallis that there were on this slab two figures in the attitude i)f prayer. These are now gone, t ride No. 2.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — MONUMENTS. 67

daughter, buried y"^ H"' of April 1G28. Which Peter Bolt had 2 wiues and 13 children, 5 Sonncs and 8 daughters.*

Seaveuty sixe dozen mooncs and odd

A stewardship I held of God,

Of w'^^ when he accompt did call

Pale death me uothinge did appale.

Because the iudge (severe of late)

Is now become myne advocate,

Who, havinge fully jiayd and prayd.

Both for my sinnes and savinge ayde

(Sterne iustice and mild mercy meeting

And trueth and peace each other greeting)

Guided my soule by heavenly loue

To raygne for aye w"' God a boue.

(36). Below the eastern window of this aisle is affixed a slate, inscribed: —

Ileere lyeth the Body of Cecily the wife of Bernard Aoiiym, gent, and only daughter of Mr. John and Me" Phillip Ward, who died the 13^ day of Ivne, Anno Dom. 1639.t

Democritus would weepe to see

Soe faire a flow're as this to bee

Call'd to paye her Nature's dutye

Blasted in her primest beautye.

In Infancyc her A''ertues worth

Began to bud and blossome forth,

And as to riper age she grewe

Each day produc'd a vertue new.

That shee had beene her sexes pride,

Had she (alas) not too soone dy'de

Nature in her had done its parte

And that was perfited by arte.

Yea, grace through Nature soe did shine

You would have thought her halfe divine,

• The Marriage Register contains the entry: " 1625. Aug. 13. Peeter Boult and Susan Durantt." The Burial Register the following: — " 1628. April 14. Elizab. Bolt.

1633. Julye 28. M' Peeter Bolt.

1664. Sep' 22. M''" Susan Boult, widow." t The registers supply the following information: — '

"Wedd. 1615. Nov. 11. M' John Ward and M" Phillip Blyght.

Bap. 1616. Sep. 24. Cislye the daughter of M' John WarJc.

Wedd. 1635. Aprill 23. Baraarde Achym, gent, and Cicely Wardc.

Bap. 1636. Ap. 14. Mary d. Baraard Achym, gent. Cisely wife.

Bur.' 1636. Dec. 11, Mary Eacham.

Bap. 1638. March 3. John s. to Bernard Acham and Cisley.

Bnr. 1639. June 13. M" Sys.seley Acham.

1639. Aug. 4. M' John Ward, g'l.

1662. Nov. 4. Philip Ward, wido. gent."

68 PARISH OF BODMIK.

Her cli<iiitye as yet appeares lu poore men's faces writte in tears, And if for Pyetye you looke Wittnessc this Temple and her booke. Reader, then guesse the rest by this. She was a soule made fitte for Blisse.

The verses are within an elaborately ornamented border, and on the same panel is incised a representation of the deceased kneeling on a cushion with a book resting on a draped table before her. From her mouth proceeds a label with these words : " Vuto thee, 0 Lord, doe I lift vp my soule."

Above her, amid clouds and rays, is the sacred name '^)'^] (Jehovah) in Hebrew characters. Beneath the cushion are a death's-head and cross-bones, and winged hour-glass. The sliield of arms is ehai'ged with the following: [Ai-.] on a field semee of cinquefoils a maimche [gu.] (for^c%ni) impaling [Az.] a grifSn segreant [or] between three crescents [ar.] {JBligh or Blight*). The tinc- tures are not marked.

(37). Cemented into a shallow box or framework and backing of wood are certain fragments of a curiously inscribed slate stone, erroneously considered by the late Rev. John WaUis to be the most ancient monument in the church.

The characters are not an intermixture of Roman and Saxon, as he supposed, nor does a portion of the inscription give the date MVIII. (1008) as he conjectured. The letters so read are really CHYM, part of the surname of the deceased. The central portion of the slab contained a cross with plain ai-ms, quatrefoils (of late design) branching upwards from the shaft, and the letters I. H. S. at the base. Several pieces of the same slab have lately been discovered in the church — the largest of them fitting those in the box accurately, and supplying a missing portion of one of the quatrefoils, and also some additional letters with a part of the date in Arabic nume- rals. What remains of the inscription may be thus read : —

.... nup Ux B[ ]chym que dec . . di . , . . domi . . . 57.

Probably signifying " , late the wife of Bernard Achym, who died . . . day of ... in the

year of our Lord 1657 (or perhaps 1557)."

A paper, bj' the Rev. W. lago of Bodmin, on these fragments, was recently published in the " Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall," (No. X. 103,) accompanied hj a very accm-ate engraving from the pencil of the same gentleman, which, through the courtesy of the Listitution, we are enabled to lay before our readers [Plate viii. No. 3]. Mr. lago seems inclined to the opinion that the Arabic numerals refer to the year 1557. We are, however, rather disposed to think this too early, and consider it more probable that the date is a century later. The monu- ment may commemorate a second wife of Bernard Achym, whose first wife died at the early age of 23 j-ears (see last inscription), and the date of the stone may be 1657. Tlie design on the stone is of so debased a character, and the letters ai"e of so peculiar a form, as to lead us to give the

* These are the arms of Blighe or Blight and Bernard Achym was not entitled to impale them for Cecily Warde, though her mother was a Blight.

PLATE VIII.

Pig. I.

Wi

UELL IX THE MAUKET-HOUSE AT UODMI.V.

BELL AT ABEAS. The inscription appears to be: " Je fuis t'ais ; Ian MCCCC.

Fij. 3.

FRAGMENTS OF A CHAVK.vniNE I.N UODMIN CHUKCH.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — MONUMENTS. 69

preference to tlie later date rather than to the earlier. Unfortunately there are no entries in tlie burial register for either of those years.

(38). South of the window, on the wall, is a monument, inscribed : —

Near this place lie the remains of the Eev* William Pennington, Vicar of Davidstow and Prebend of Morn.iys in the Church of Eudellion, and of Iane Pennington liis Wife. Also of their Son William Pessinoton of Bodmin Priory, Esq'', Whose Memory is too deeply graven in the Hearts of all that knew him to need the laboured Praises of an Inscription. The Rev'' W'" Pennington died Sept 30"" 1738, aged 59 years. M" lane Peuningtou died luly 31"' 1748, aged 53. W" Pennington Esq' died Sept 6* 1789, aged 61.

Arms — Or, five fusils in fess azure.

Crest — A cat-a-mouutain proper passant guardant.

(39). On the south wall, close to tlie last, and formerly in the chancel : —

Near this place are deiwsited the remains of the Rev* Anthony Hosken, A.M. Vicar of this Parish and Rector of Lesnewth — both in this county, who died Nov 21*'' 17C6, aged 55. And also the remains of his son, the Rev*' Ioiin Horken, B.D. Fellow of S' John's College, Cambridge, and Rector of Great Oakley in the County of Essex. He died March 19'" 1783, aged 45.

Arms — Party per pale gu. and az. a chevron between three lions rampant or (Hosken). Tlie shield has been more than once emblazoned — the arms of Hosken alone being now represented — but formerly the shield was impaled ; as on the sinister side may still be clearly traced a chevron betw. three dolphins naiant cmbowed sable — apparently the arms of Kendall.

(40). Also on the south wall, on marble : —

To the Memory of Samuel Si'iller, late Alderman of this Borough, who died 11"' Dec"" 1820, aged 75. Also of Jenny Blkih, liis widow, who died 9"' February 1829, aged 78. Also of Mary Spiller, their eldest daughter, who died 22'' I\Iarch 1820, aged 42. Also of Mary Brent Watkin, wife of Capt. John Penny, first Regiment Light Cavalry, Bombay, and grand-daughter of Samuel and Jenny Spiller, who died at Deesa in the East Indies 10 Sept. 1840, .aged 2G. Also of Samuel Spiller, Esq. who died Oct. 15, 1848, aged 61. Also of Col. William Spiller of the Bombay Army, who died June 25, 1852, aged 64. Also of Captain J. B. Spiller, H.E.I.C.S. who died January 10* 1853, aged 62.

(41). On an oval tablet of mai'ble, beneath the last: —

Sacred to the IMeuiory of Susanna Burrows — the much loved and much lamented wife of W'" Buuuows of this Borough, who departed this life the 14"> day of January 1805, aged 67. An aflec- tionate wife, a sincere friend, and a good Christian.

(42). In a gothie recess over the Priest's door :

In memory of Baruara the wife of Capt" William Ilamley, R.N. and daughter of the late Charles Ogilvy, Esq'' of Lerwick, Shetland, who was born the 5"' June 1788 and died the 12'" June 1842. A life devoted to duty and love has left in many hearts a record which cainiot be inscribed on marble. Also, in memory of Barbara Charlotte Caroline, daughter of the above Captain William Hamley and Barbara his wife, who was born 16"' Deo' 1828, and died the 2"'' Dec' 1857.

(43). In tlio floor, west of the Priest's door, is a slab inscribed: —

In McmoiT of William Wymond of this Town, Surgeon, who died June l"' 1730, aged 53. Also of

T

70 PARISH OF BODillN.

William Hamley of this Town, Sui-geon, who died July 19*^ 1810, aged 70. Also of Sarau his wife, who died July 28, 1812, aged 65. Also of Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Hamley of this Town, Surgeon, and Daughter of the Eev. John Bassett Collins of Glynn, who died February 1*' 1810, aged 28.

Nave.

(44). On the floor of the centre aisle, west of the chancel arch, lies a slab of catacleuse stone. Several brass rivets or pins appear in different parts of its surface. On it are repre- sented in incised lines a cross with three long nails driven into it — on the upper part is a label inscribed I . N . R . I . ; at the intersection of the arms, I . H . S ., and at tlie foot of the cross an orb — on which arc the initials I . V . and H . V . arranged as monograms. Around the margin are the words : — " Here lyeth John Vyvya, the whych decessyd the ix"* daye of marche in the yere of o' Lorde god 1545 ; on whose sowle Jhu have marcy." On each side of the cross is an escutcheon, the dexter shield being charged with three birds in fcss. The otlier containing the arms of Vivian, as on the prior's tomb.*

(45). Much fiirther towards the west is a stone, worn, and the inscription somewhat rudely incised. On it is an ornamental cross, with letters on the head and base much obliterated. Ai-ound the margin may be deciphered : — " Margarete -^ the dawghter -=- of -;- John -=- and

Jowan (?) -^ anno dni -h m CCCCC XL viii h- on -h hose soul -=- h- ihu." Tliis stone is

said t to have been dug up in the churchyai'd, but it is very unusual to find stones with inscrip- tions of so early a date in churchyards.

(46). The largo window in the west end of the nave has been filled with stained glass in memory of the late Vicar, the Rev. John Wallis,t M.A. Official of the Archdeacon of Corn- wall.

A brass tablet beneath it, affixed to the wall above the western door, states : — This window was erected by public subscription in Memory of the Rev. John Wallis, M.A. the zealous and faithful Vicar of this parish during 49 years. He died December 6* 1866, Aged 77.

North Aisle of Nave. (47). Between the second and third windows, west of the tower door, is a mural monument § of marble, inscribed : —

* This would seem to be the gravestone of the prior's brother or his nephew. See pedigree ^osf.

f Bodmin Eegister, p. 13.

% The Rev. John Wallis was bom in Fore Street, Bodmin, in a house now called " Edgehill," in the jear 1789. He (lied at the vicarage, and was buried in the cemetery December 11th, 18G6.

He was one of the sons of John Wallis, esq. solicitor, &c. (concerning whom see Cornwall Register, p. 406), was educated to the law, filled the office of mayor, &c., graduated at O.^ford 1820, and eventually became vicar of Bodmin, November 17th, 1817. Mr. Wallis was never married. He wa.s the author of the following publications: the Exeter Register, the Bodmin Register, the Cornwall Register, various maps of the county and its divisions, census tables, &c. His favourite subjects of study being statistics, topography, and archa-ology.

§ See also moumnent in chmchyard with arms, &c. No. 73.

ECCLESIASTICAL niSTORT — MONIJMBNTS. 71

A :^ n

luXTA ■ REQ0IESCIT ' IN ' PACE ' VICINO • CcEMETERIO • CONDITUS • OPTIMA ' SPEI " ADOLESCENS * lOANNES '

MicHELL ■ Coll • Div • Ioan • apud • Cantabrigienses • Sciiolaris • et • Bennett • et • Annje • Cole •

MiCHELL ■ FIL1D8 ' NATO • TERTICS • MAXIMA • VIT^ " INNOCENTIA ' MIRA ' SUAVITATE ' MORUM " CONJUNCTA • • IN • ILLO • ELDXIT " TARE " CONSDMPTUS * IN ' IPSO • ^TATIS • FLORE ' XXI ' AGENS " ANNUM • V. DIE_ " MaII ■ CI3.la CCC.XSI • NON • SINE * ACERBISSIMO • AMICORUM * OMNIUM • DOLORE • EX • HAC * VITA • PLAOIDE ■ Ml-

GRAviT • H -M- P • Bennett Michell • A- M • fratri • vita • amabiliori • qui • ad • spiritum • ex-

TREMUM • SIMPLICI • ADFECTIONE • UNOQUE • ANIMO • MECUM ' EGIT.

(48). Between the third whulow and the north door is as follows, also on white marble : —

To the Memory of Nicholas Every,* A.M. Vicar of S' Veep, who died the 14"" day of April 1836, in the forty-first year of his age.

(4fl). "West of the doorway just referred to is a handsome white marble monument, on which is represented a militaiy trophy, consisting of helmet, sword, and shield, of classic and chaste design : —

This Tablet is erected liy the Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and Privates of the xx"> Regiment of Foot to the Memory of Captain Richard Cater Oakley,! who died at Belgaum in tlie East Indies on the 2"'' of June 1835 ; to remain in testimony of their esteem and sorrow.

(.50 and .tI). Against the wall, and extending to the floor, are two slate slabs to the memory of Bernard Flamank and his first and second wives. The lower stone is inscribed —

Here lyeth the Body of Elizabeth wife vnto Bernard fflamank of Boskearne Esq', And daughter of Ambrose Rous of Edmerston in the County of Deuon Esq"", who was buried the 9"' of October in the yere of our Lord God 1G32. Arms: Across between four mullets pierced (Flamank); impaling, an eagle displayed (Rouse). On this slab is a large shield with crest, viz. On a wreath a fore arm erect habited, holding in the hand a sprig of oak fructed.

The border of the stone contains twenty-four small shields, charged as follows, commencing at the upper corner, and proceeding from left to right : —

1. " Flamunk," impaling a chevron between three saltieTS (Treglownoic).

2. „ „ ihroc garbs, a. chief (Peverell of Ilamatetlii/ ?)

3. ,, ,, a bull passant, horned and tripped (Becil/e).

4. ,, „ on a bend three keys ( ?).

5. „ „ on a bend three stag's heads cabossed (//c%an .^)

6. „ ,, a chevron between three bolts, feathered (?)

7. „ „ a chevron between in chief two birds statant, and in base one rising or

volant (Trem'nnar-d).

* Eldest son (if John Kvcry, of Bodmin, Kent- ')y Joan daughter of Mr. Nicholas Craildock of Bodmin. lie marricil Elizabeth, daughter of Jo.siah Glencross, of Liskcard, gent, and left, besides otlier i.s.sae. Rev. Niiliola.s Every, now vicar of St. Kcw, and Rev. John Every, a chaplain in the Royal Navy.

t Capt. Oakley married Lydia Ann, daugliter of the lato and .sister of the present Mr. Thomas Commins, solicitor. Boiimin, liy whom he had a son, the Rev. Charles Edward Oakley, lioni 1S32, who married Lady Georgina, daughter of the late and sister of the present Earl of Ducie. Ho was suhseciuently in.stituted to the rectory of St. Paul'.s, Covent Garden, London, and died in 1865, when it was generally understoo<l that he was to be preferred to a colonial bishopric then vacant. His widow did not long survive him. Several children arc issue of the marriage.

72 PARISH OF BODMIN.

8. " Flamank," impaling : On a saltier between four estoiles a trefoil (Lucomb).

9. ,, ,, a chevron between three wings displayed {Nanfan).

Proceeding down the sinister border —

10. " Flamank," impaling Ermine, a fleur de lis, on a chief a mullet {Gayer).

11. „ „ a bend and a label of three points (Ca)-m!'«oic).

12.* ,, „ per fess embattled, three lions statant or passant (Lippincott).

Tlie remaining twelve shields represent " Rouse" with iinjialemeuts, some blank, others defaced; on one of those in tlie lower row may still be discerned " a bird" in the sinister chief point. It does not appear to have been the only charge, but the others have perished.

The upper slab contains the words : —

Neere vnto this Place lyeth the Body of Bernard fflamank of Boscame Esq' who was twice married, first vnto Elizabeth the Daughter of Ambrose Rouse of Edmerstone in the Countie of Devon Esq'', next vnto Bridgiett, the daughter of Arthur Tremayne of Cullocombe in the Countie of Deuo afore sayd. Esq'', who was buried the seauen and twentieth day of October on thousand six hundred fiftie and eight.

There are two large shields of arms surmounted by crests similar to that already described.

The arms on one shield being — Flamank impaling Rouse (as on the under stone), while those on the other shield represent Flamank impaling Tremayne. " Three arms habited, flexed in triangle and conjoined at the shoulder, with fists clenched."

The bortler of this slab disjjlays, like the lower stone, twenty-four small escutcheons, those in the upper row and along the sinister side being similar to those already described.

The remainder differ in Tremayne being substituted for Rouse and all its impalements being left blank. At the end of the lower row however one of the escutcheons gives, " Flamank," impaling a coat divided " quarterly," without charges.

(52). Above the last-named two slabs is a marble monument : —

Sacred to the beloved and revered memory of William Flamank, D.D. of Boscnrne in this County, Rector of Oddington Otmoor and Glymjjton Woodstock, Oxfordshire ; and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. He departed this life the 20''' of November ] 817, aged 65 years. This Monument was erected as a tribute of respect by Mary his affectionate Relict.

Crest* and shield of arms: "Argent, a cross between four mullets pierced gules" {Flamanh), impaling " Per pale azure and gules, tlu-ee lions rampant " (for Hughes).

(53). The window above the north door contains stained glass in the tliree upper compart- ments representing riband labels inscribed —

Robert Flamank Esquire Died April xix. 1847, Aged Eighty Years.

Ho was the last of the name in Bodmin, and this memorial was erected by his two nieces. Till the time of liis burial in the church there had been no intramural interment for about twenty- two years, and there has been none since.

(54). In the pavement beneath is a slab : —

Sacred to the Memory of Giles Mooue, Gent., who departed this life y"^ 21'*' December 1792, aged 83 years. JanuaiT 28, 1805, Elizabeth King, aged C7.

• Crest as on slabs 50, 51.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — MONUMENTS. 73

(55). A companion slab adjacent is inscribed : —

In Memory of Mary Moore, wife of G. Moore Gent., whose unaflfected Piety, pniJeut Oeconomy, mild disposition and courteous deportment made her in Life respected, in Deatb lamented. She departed 12* JIarch 17C1, aged 49, leaving a disconsplate Husband and Eight inconsolable Children.

Aj-ms — Tliree swans. Crest — A bird (chough ?).

Motto — " DEVS EST AMICVS."

(56) and (57). In the floor close by are preserved portions of two slabs of different sizes, which were formerly adorned with brasses. Only the rivets and matrices remain. From these it is evident that towards tlie four sides of each slab was inlaid a plain fillet for the inscription, without angle emblems. Within this rectangular border was a single figiu'e, with a label proceeding upwards from the mouth. In the two upper corners were shields of arms. On one stone the figure was that of a lady kneeling, her hands joined in prayer ; her attitude being neai'ly front- faced. On the other stone was the effigy of a male civilian, facing full front.

The figiu-cs were 16J inches and IStf inches in height respectivel}'.*

(58). Near this is a fragment of a slab on which is incised part of the arm of a cross contain- ing the letter " i," and upon the border the date, thus : " M" cccc LV."

(59). On the next stone t is a cross, and on the margin are the words : —

die mensis ianuarii ano dni millio cccc'™lvi cuius ale

(60). Also in the pavement, adjoining that just described, is part of a stone, inscribed : —

obiit -=- ix H- die -=- •*• -f- mensis -^ marche -^ a° -h d° -i-

M° -f- ccccc -^ xb ' -;- cui -^ aie

Within the border is a fancifully- wrought cross; on the base of it arc the letters T. H.f From the shaft projected four upward shoots terminating in circles, containing the evangelistic emblems, and a label above each with the name ; tlu'ee only remain.

South Aisle of Nave.

(61). On each space of wall along the south side of the chm'ch is a marble monument. By the south porch door is one thus worded : —

Sacred to the Memory of Sarah Pim.MrrA Grose, and the Rev. John Cole Grose, daughter and Son of Sarah and John Cole Grose, of the Borough of Bodmin ; the former departed this life .July 10, 1B41,

* There arc no other vestiges of brasses in the church except the rivets in No. 30 and No. H.

I Much rcsemliling sUb No. 17.

J This stone was evidently to commemorate some one of importance in the town. On reference to the List of Mayors it is found that Thomas Ilewctt was mayor in the years 1518, 1535, but not later. The date of this stone, 1516 (when John Ilewctt became mayor) renders it probable that it is Thomas Ilewett's monument, but unfortunately the cliurch registers do not contain entries of a date early enough to enable us to discover the name for certain.

u

74 PARISH OF BODillN.

aged IG years: the latter Xov'' 8, 1851, aged 27 years. This is a faithful saying and worthy of all accep- tation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, l*' Ep. Timothy, 1*' chaj)'' 15"' verse.

(62) and (62 a). On tlie wall between the south porch doon\'ay and the doorway leading to die parvise chamber is a tablet inscribed thus : —

Sacred to the Memory of Eliz.\beth, wife of Thomas Crowdeii, Esq'', Captain in his Majesty's Inniskilling Regiment of Dragoons, who died at Bodmin 27"' December 1801, aged 28 years.

The interment was made beneath the second south arch of the nave, counting from the west. The spot is marked by a brown marble slab at the foot of the first clear column. It is inscribed: Elizabeth Crowder. Died Dec'' 27, 1801, aged 28 years. (63). Fiu-ther to the east is a tablet : —

To the Memoi7 of Edw.\rd Pearse, Attomy-at-Law, long an inhabitant of this town, and a zealous promoter of its im[)rovemont. He died August LS'^ 1839, aged 57 years. In the severest afflictions of bei-eavement the Christian is taught to sorrow not for them that are asleep as those who have no hope.

(64). Between the windows : —

Sacred to the Memory of the Reverend Lewis Marshall, late Rector of Warleggan, and Vicar of Davidstow in this County, who departed this life on the 28"' day of March 1833, aged 71.

(G5). To the Memory of Anna, widow of the Rev'' Richaro Eliot, M.A. ; formerly Vicar of the Parish of Maker in this County. She died at Bodmin on the 25"' of May 1838 in the 80"' year of her age. Her faith in Christ was strong and abiding. She was able by Divine Grace to walk humbly with her God, and to have her conversation in the world in holy simplicity. Cheerful, discreet, abounding in Chris- tian love, in works of eharit}' willing to her power and beyond her power, she lived respected and beloved, and died regretted by all who knew her.

(66). To the Memory of Captain Charles De Blacqdiere Prescott (fourteen years political agent at Palhanpoor in the East Indies), and his child, Julia Spiller Prescott, both of whom died at Bombay in the year 1842; the latter on the 2P' of Jlarch, aged 10 mouths, the former on the 29'" of the same month, aged 35 years, whose unexpected death was no less regretted by the Government he served than by the friends he has left behind. Also to the Memory of John Phillipps Watkin, Escf, who died May 7, ISlfi, aged 69 years.

(67). Kear the arch of the south chancel aisle : —

To the Memory of Richard Moyle, Esq'', M.D., who died Dec"" 3, 1828, aged 72 years. :Mild, bene- volent, affectionate, he lived deservedly beloved, and died lamented by all who knew him. Also of Jane, wife of the above, who died on the 13'" May, 1853, aged 76 years*

In the CutFRCHYARD.

(G8). In Memory of LvniA the wife of Thomas Commins of this Borough, Gentleman, who depaitcil this life on the 22 July, 1827.

(69) In Memory of Henuv Drew, formerly of St. Austell, grandson of Samuel Drew, M.A. ; gene- rally beloved and regretted. He died in the Lord, at Bodmin, Dec'' 15, 1858, aged 30 years.

* Sec Xo. 7G.

ECCLESIASTICAL niSTORY — MONUMENTS. O

(70) Maria, daughter of Jobs Every and Joan his wife,* daughter of Nicliolas and Emia Cradock, died 30 August 1826, aged 15.

(71). In Memory of Mary, wife of the Rev'' John Pomeroy Gilbert, who died at the Priory, Sept. 10, 1829, aged 47 years. Looking unto Jesus.

To the Moraor)- of the Reverend Joux Pomeroy Gilbert, of the Priory, Bodmin, Viear of St. Wenn, and a Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral, who died 29 September 1853, aged 78 year.s.

(72). In Memory of William M.vy, Esq--, who departed this Ufe on the 29'" of April 1809, aged 72 years.

(72a). Under this stone are deposited the earthly remains of M"-* Elizabeth May, wife of W'" May, Esq^ of this town, and daughter of Abraham Currey, Esq"-, of the City of London. She died the fifteenth of March 1807, aged G2.

(73). 1868.

In Memoriam. Bennett Michell, ob. a.d. 1838, JEt. 82. Ann Cole, his wife, ob. a.d. 1835, ^t. 78.

Their Children. Robe Michell, ob. a.d. 1807, ^t. 21. John Michell, ob. a.d. 1821, jEt. 21. Ann Baron, ob. a.d 1818, ^t. 28. Catherine Clarke, ob. a.d. 1848, JEt. 48. Bennett Michell, B.D. ob. a.d. 1857, Mt. 64. Elizabeth Elson, ob. a.d. 1867, .^Et. 78. |

(74). On a granite slab on the north side of St. Tliomas's Chapel: —

RcT. Moses Morgan, died 15 June 1810.

(75). Affi.\ed to the south wall of the Church within an iron railing: —

In Memory of Thomas Mounsteven, Attorney at Law, who departed this life March 27, 1789, aged 55 years.

Also of his children : —

Jane, who died Nov"- 9"' 1769, aged 1 year and 3 months.

William, who died Feb-'' 1, 1772, aged 2 months.

Thomas, who died Nov' 3, 1777, aged 1 year.

Elizabeth, who died July 14"' 1783, aged 16 years.

Also of his widow Elizabeth Mounsteven, who died 13 June 1798, aged 59 years.

(76). In M('mory of Thomas Mciyle, who departed this life on the lO"" Nov"" 1833, aged 57 years. Jane widow of the late Richard Moyle, Esq. M.D. Died on 13"' May 1853, aged 76 years.

(77). Sacred to the Memorj- of Elizabeth Jane, the beloved wife of Capt. R. S. Phillipps, H.E.I.C.S., who died Feby 19"' 1838, aged 37.

Sacred to the Memory of Leonora Fi.amank Phillipps, daughter of Captain R. S. Phillipps, 67"' Bengal N.I., and Elizabeth Jane his wife, who died 8"" DeC 1831, aged 8 years.

* John Ever)-, died 12 February 1S52, aged 81. Joan Every, died 5 January 18(;3, apod 02.

t This inscription is sui-raounted )iy a coat of arms and a crest, similar to the impaled coat of Mite licll, on ihc slal. in tlic dnirch (No. 10), and the crest aliove it, with the motto— viktute ET labore.

76 PARISH OF BODMIX.

(77a). Sacred to the Memory of Jenny Beer, eldest daughter of the Rev. Nicholas Phillipps of Rosemellin in Roche, and Rector of Lanivet. Born August IS"* 1782. Died Sept. 21^' 1859.

Arms, on a lozenge : A lion ramp, within an orle of twelve saltiers.

(78). In Memory of Ann Rogers, second daughter of John Rogeiss, Esq. of Penrose, deceased, who departed this life on the third day of January 1843, " Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord." Rev. xiv. 13.

(79). To the Memoiy of Ann Samwell, relict of Cap' W' Samwell, R.N. who died on the 30* June 1820, aged 82 years.

(80). Sacred to the Memory of John, only son of Capt. T. Searle, R.N. C.B., who departed this life March 22°'' 1838, aged 38 years.

(81). Mart, the wife of M"' Thomas Stone, and Catherine Loveday Stone, their only child, are sleeping here.

M. S. was the eldest daiighter of Edward and Mary Trescott, and died IS"" Nov'' 1822, aged G4. C. L. S. was born 22 August 1796, and died in her 36"' year, Id'" April 1832.

(82). In Memory of John Waldon, M.D., who departed this life the 1^' day of September 1822, aged 54 years. Here also are deposited the mortal remains of M''* Rose Henrietta Waldon, who was the wife of the said Doctor Waldon and sister of the late Lady Clinton, and died suddenly on the 21*' January 1834, aged 57.

Also George Louis Waldon of the Middle Temple, son of the above, who departed this life the 5"" January 1840, aged 25 years.

(83). Sacred to the Memory of Thomas West, F.R.CS , son of the late Rev. Thomas West, Vicar of Wear Gilford, Devon. Died November 14"' 1848, aged 71 years.

(84). Affixed to the south wall of the church near the Priest's door, is a slate slab inscribed :

Hie subtus Iacet Iasfercs Wood, A.M. qui per triginta et septem annos cura pastorali Hujus Eccle- sire probe functus diem tandem obiit supremum Anno retatis Sure 63"" Annoq' D"" 1716.

Arms : Three savages armed with clubs held erect, 2 and 1, (for Wood) impaling a lion ramp, on a chief three f)heons.*

(85). Sacred to the Memory of Lucy, youngest daughter of the late John Chambers [of Basing-] stoke, Hants. Gent, and the beloved wife of the Rev. B. Woodyard.

In the Cemetery at the Berry.

(86). A cross is inscribed : —

I. H. S. Sacred to the Memoiy of Frederick J.\mes Ernest, the beloved child of Frederick and Mary Alms; born July 22, 1852; died June 17, 1859.

(87). On a coped tomb with a cross, &e. :

To the Memory of Jonathan Baron, Esq. R.M. who died Fehy. 25, 1853, aged 64. Also to the Memory of Fanny his wife, who died January 5* 1859.

* These arms arc not on record, but it is believed they were borne by a family of Williams of Exeter.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — JIONUMEXTS. 77

(88). On a Cross:—

M.S. John Bennett died Dec'" 10, 1865, aged 83. Mary Ann his .sister died Sept. 18, 1864, aged 84.

(89). On a coped tomb with a cross upon it : —

In Memoiy of Anne Saunders Colvill, wife of Captain Hugh G. Colvill, late of 291' Reg', who died on the 11* day of May 1861, Aged 38 years. " And she answered it is well." 2 Kings, iv. 26.

(90). On the base of a Latin cross, enclosed witliin rails, is the following inscription : —

In Memoriam.

Thomas Commins died 25 February 1859, aged 84 years. Patty Commins his wife died 24 August 1865, aged SO years.

Catherine Commins, wife of T. Commins, Jun'', died October 3, 1853, aged 39 years. Henry Commins, Lieut. R.N. son of Thomas Commins, Jun'', and Catherine his wife, died 14"' June 1864, aged 22 years.

(91). Sacred to the Memory of Bridget Cory, daughter of the late ReV' James Cory, Rector of S' Breock, who died on the 1" Dec'^ 1849, aged 68 years.

(92). In Memory of Elizabeth, relict of Richard Cdnnack, Esif, formerly of Penzance, who departed this life in the hope of a glorious immortality Oct. 25, 1852, aged 72. " I know that my Redeemer Uveth."

(93). Here repose the mortal remains of John Bentham Everest, fonnerly a Midshipman in the Royal Navy, then of Her Majesty's Dockyard at Sheeniess, afterwards an Officer of the Convict Hulk EstabUshment at that place and Chatham, and finally for 32 years Governor of the Gaol for the county of Cornwall, in which latter appointment he ended his active and useful career of nearly 70 years in the service of his country, throughout the whole course of which he discharged his duties with unvarying credit to himself and advantage to the service in which he was engaged. He was a conscientious and upright man, a good husband and father, and a zealous and efficient public officer. He died on the 22 Jan^ 1863, ia the 82'' year of his age.

(94). This tablet is sacred to the Jlemory of John Hewitt, Escf of Burgatia, Roscarberry, in the county of Cork, Ireland, whose mortal remains have found a final resting place beneath this spot. He was bom April l^"' 1798, and departed this life Dec'' 7, 1861.

Anns : Gules, a chevron engrailed between three owls.

Crest: An owl perched on a trunk.

Motto : '•' Be just and fear not."

(95). Looking unto Jesus. I. H. S.

Sophy Ann Kendall died Dec'' 3'''' 1854. " She is not dead, but sleopeth." Also her Husband, the Reverend Nicholas Kendall, died 15 February 1858.

(96). Alicia, widow of the Rev. G. Percival Sandilands, sometime Curate of this parish, born April 14'" 1800, died March 15, 1862.

(97). In Memory of William Serjeant of Barn Park, in this Borough, who departed this life on the 23''* day of July 1867, aged 67 years. " Blessed is he that considereth the poor, the Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing." P.S. xli. v. 1-3 (sic)

(98). In Memory of M''' Frances Straton, widow of Major James Straton, H.E.I.C.S. who died 15 Sepf 1849, aged eighty-one years.

X

78

PARISH OF BODMIN.

(99). Sacred to the Memory of Henry Thomson, Esq^ of this Borough, who died Nov' 8''' 1860, aged 77.

And of rVjiERosE Thomson, Esq. his son, who died Oct. 15, 18C4, aged 45.

(loo). On granite, within an iron railing —

Preston Wallis, born Jan^ 18, 1807, died Jan>- 23, 1858; also of Preston, eldest son of the above, born 26 Dec' 1836, died 8 April 1837.

(101). On a granite slab —

John "Wallis, Yicar of Bodmin, bom 11"' April 1789, died 6th Dec'' 1866.

(102). Sacred to the Memory of AsrsA, the beloved wife of Edward West of Camelford, Surgeon, who died Oct. 24, 1855, aged 65, deeply lamented by her sorrowing husband and children.

THE PAROCHIAL EEGISTEES.

The old registers of the parish (^tIz. those anterior to Ladyday 1757) form a thick volume of vellum bound in leather ; . baptisms being entered at one end, burials at the other, and marriages in the middle of the book.

Tlie chief title-page precedes the baptisms. The upper part is adorned with the royal Crown over the Initials E • R in gold. Some of the other capitals are also similarly illuminated. In the margin is written, " Cromwcl,"* and the wording of the title is as follows : —

e • r. weddings christeninces & buriells bodjiyn-

Ceomwel.

-REGESTREDD.

Sithens the j. yere off the rainge of owre Sovereigne Ladie Elizabethe, by the grace of god of yuglonde, ffraiince, and Jrelonde Quene, Deffender of the fi'aithe, &c. Anno dni 1558 ; whose Reigne beganne on the xvij"" daye of Novembf in A" 1558.

All the fomier part written from Aprill was in the tyme of quene Marie, and in march folowing beganne on the 25"' daye 1559.

Ha?c tria : Baptismus, Con'ubia, funera, in ampla

Sunt tria quK forma scripta Volumen habet. Gratia nos baptizat, amor conjungit, et atrum

Mors trahit ad funus corpora qujeq' suum.

ThojJ Blight.

* When in the reign of King Henry VIII. the Pope's supremacy was renonnced, Thomas Cromwell was appointed the King's Vicegerent in Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction : and in the year 1538 he issued an Injunction which ordained that every officiating minister for his chnrch should keep a book wherein to register every marriage, christening, and burial. The Injunction was repeated soon after the accession of Queen Elizabeth, and was fiuther enforced by the 70th canon (1603) containing a retrospective clause commanding that the ancient registers, so far as they could be procured, but especially since the beginning of the reign of the late Queen, should be copied into a Parchment Book to be provided by the Parish. Hence we find a great number of Registers commence with the reign of Elizabeth, and, like those of Bodmin, bear evidence that they have been copied from the original Registers, whilst others commence from 1603 onlv.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY— PAROCHIAL REGISTERS. 79

The title-page before the burials is less elaborate : —

Burialls Sithens the j yeie off the reigne off Queue EHzabeth -^ 1558 -j- ffrom Aprill this Eegester Booke begynnethe 1558, and is vntill the xvij'i> daye of November in the tyme and Raigne of Quene ilarie, on w'^'' daye Quene Elizabethe begaune her Raigne, ■w'^'' daye was in Anno dfii 1558, and so vntill the 25"" daye of march it contyuneth, and then you are to Aocounte from tliat day 1559, j° Eliz.

Tlie marriages are not specially prefaced.

The entries have evidently been copied in by the same liand from the commencement to May 1606, and some errors have been made.

In tlie baptisms a blank page has been left to mark the termination of Elizabeth's reign, and an imprint of the arms of James I. has been pasted on the next page, with the notification —

Christenings sithens the j yere of the reigne of Kinge James.

In the other portions of the book this change of reign is uidicated by a blank followed by the announcement —

Jacobus Rex A° j°, 1G03.

The dates whicii follow the accession of James I. appear to be trustworthy. A few blanks occur occasionally, chief!}' about the era of the Great Rebellion, and some pages have become partially illegible.

The dates of the earlier entries are open to question, and have in some places been altered by the person who wrote them. The discrepancies in them seem only to be accounted for b}' supposing that the scribe who wrote them into the book from older memoranda confused the dates at or near the beginning, and thus has antedated the early burials by one year. *

That this is the case is apparent fi-om a comparison of the entries with existing monuments in the church, and also from the internal evidence of the volume itself — children in some cases being entered as buried in the year preceding their baptism ! On the Durant slab, for instance, the wives and children are enumerated : —

Mrs. Jowdy Durant, according to the register, was buried May 1588. Her monument t records the date as May 1589.

John and Jone Durant were buried, according to the register, December 1591 ; but it appears from the other end of the book that they were baptized December 1592.

Tiiomas Cory (one of the mayors) was buried, according to the register, February 1591-2. His monument gives the date as Februaiy 1592-3.

These are a few instances (more conkl bo adduced) which show that the entries in the Burial Register during tho reign of Elizabeth are antedated, as above stated, and further evidence of this is afforded by the fact, that when the registers wei'e made to commence afresh at

* It is important to notice this, as, of course, all gcncalooics which have been constructed by aid of the Biu-ial Ke^rister will be affected in the dates between 1558 and 1G03. The enti'ies of the burials of |iersons within this period, not included in the },'enealoj;ies, should also l)e reckoned a year later than stated.

f The dates after Klizabcth's reign ou the Uuiaut slab agree with those in the Register.

80 PAEISH OP BODMIN.

the accession of James I., the bui'ials were foimd by the scribe to be a yeai' in default, and this gap he was unable to fill up. The late Rev. J. Wallis, not perceiving how this discrepancy arose, made this marginal note :

N.B. — There appears to be some mistake here, or omission of the entries (in copying perhaps) from March 1G02 to March 1603, when James I. began his reign. — J. W. Jr. 26 July 1831.

It is to be observed, that the writer of the title-pages seems to say, tliat the Baptisms, Wed- dings, and Bm-ials are contemporaneous, and commence with the j'ear 1558 (temp. Mary) ; not- withstanding this, he dates the marriage entries only fi-om 1559 (April), while he enters the others 1558 (April). With regard to the Weddings, they appear to be entered correctly, and no gap occurs in them during tlie period to wliich we refer ; but with respect to the Baptisms and Burials there is a gap of one year in each, viz. after the first two months of the former, and (as we have mentioned) at the end of the latter. This leads to the inquiry, should not the date at the commencement of aZ? i/tj-ee have been written 1559?* If so, all would have been in harmony with one another and the monuments.

If, however, the scribe is right in assigning any of the records to the time of Queen Mary, he should have made a year's hiatus near the commencement of the Burials, as he has done with the Baptisms ; all wordd then have agreed, as far as can be ascertained.

The late Rev. J. WaUis, while vicar of the parish, with that love for statistical research which was his special characteristic, deduced fi'om these registei's several interesting tables, printed in his " Bodmin Register " and " Cornwall Register."

It would be foreign to the design of our work to follow him into his details ; suffice it to say that from the commencement of tlie registers, dated April 1558 to 31 Dec. 1831, a period of nearly two hundred and seventy-three years f, he gives the number of Baptisms at 15,276; Weddings at 3,707; Burials at 14,083.

Mr. Wallis also compiled an " Index nomina " to all the Register books.

Some of the earliest names found recorded are : Smith, Bunse, Achym, Clifford, Ivestell,* Gilbard, Blight or Blighe, Sprey, Braye,* Boycr, Byllyne* ats Edye, Flamank, Ward,* Opie, Andrew, Tucker or Toker, Michell,* Tubbe, Cocke,* Avery,* Archer, Carne, Hamblie,* Vivian, Dagge, Walker, Stone, Mathew,* &c. The names mai-kcd thus * are still to be met with in the town and neighbourhood.

* Making the alteration wonld nut iutcrfcrc with the marriages, they being now so dated. It would affect only the first ttvn months of the Baptisms, and would rectify the ivholc of the Bui'ials to the accession of Janies I.

f On attempting to verify his returns, errors were at once discovered. Entiies of more than one baptism or buiial on the same day, when written in a single line, were counted by him (in many cases) as "one" only. In 1643 (April — November) thirteen marriages are written in twice by mistake. Mr. Wallis did not observe this, and has consequently reckoned them as " twenty-six !'' Having given con-ect returns for several years, he thus incorrectly gives the following: —

r l(!4-t

j 1645

Marriages ' 1646

in the years j 1647

j 1648

Such an instance as this is merely given to show that, notwithstanding the immense labour and great care which he bestowed upon the preparation of his tables, they cannot be safely relied upon for their accuracy.

14 >		-- 8
7		10
11	instead of ,	6 7
6		1
7		>- «

f

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY— CHANTRIES. 81

Chantries. Naylor's Chantnj, or the Chantry of St. John Baptist.

The first charitable gift in connexion with this chiu'ch, of wliich we have any knowledge, is the endowment of a chantry, dedicated to St. John Baptist, by Stephen Naylor, a native of Bodmin, who, in the year 1474*, obtained the King's licence for founding a chantry either in the chm-cli of St. Petrock, or in the conventual chiu-ch of the priory of St. Petrock of Bodmin, upon which he settled lands then of the value of Ql. per annum, for " one priest to celebrate divine service therein for over."

There is also among the muniments of the Corporation a deed of endowment of 35/. for Sir Richard Down, priest, to sing mass, dated at Bodmin 29 July, i)th Henry VII. (1494), between John Wattys and Richard Flamanke, esquire, and mayor, with all his twenty-four worshipfuUs of the said town. It witnesseth that John Wattys on the Sunday next following the date, before all the parishif)ncrs in the parish church of St. Petrock of Bodmyn, paid to the said Richard Fla- manke, mayor, and his twenty-four aforesaid, the said sum of 35/., which they received and charged upon themselves, for it to answer before God and man.f

A further endowment of this chantry was made by deed dated 27 March, 13 Henry VII. (1498), between Richard Flamank, Esquiro, Wylliam Trote, the younger, Nycholas Rusth, Rychard Blyghe, and Roger Langman, on the one partye, and Sjt Rychard Dun, Chantry Priest off the Gilde of Seynt John Baptist wytliyn the pysh Chyrch of Seyut Petrock off Bodmyn fore seyd, on the other partye ; whereby they granted to the said Richard Dun and his successors the remainder of a tenement in " Ic Bor Strete in Bodmyn," after the death of Agnys Broker, late the wife of John Broker, that the foreseyd John Broker, and Emett and Agnys hys wyftes, Ilafte

• We find in the Accounts of the Receivers General of tlie Borough, under the date of 18 Edwai"d IV., the following entry : — " It. to y* Bishop for a licence to St. John is awter " This licence was four years after the date

assigned to the foundation. It is singular, however, that in the accounts for building the Chiuxh we have many

special payments in connexion with the Chapel of St. John, (■.(/. : —

" It. for grase tahcU stonys for Seint John is Tide iij s. vj d.

" It. to Richard fforth for xiiij joi-nayes and di' upon the jamliys of the Chancelor dor, and upon the

grase tabell yn Seynt John is Rde vij s. iij d.

" It. the seide Ric. (Ric. Richowe) hath recevyd for the pelorys bctwene the Chansclcr and Seynt John

is Ilde, in complete payment ............. vj li.

" It. to Ric. Richowe and to his fclowys for drawyng ston at Mor, and scapeljTig for the peloris bctwene

Seynt John is Tide and the Cbanselcr xx.w li. v s. viij d.

" It. y payed for scapel}-ng of the Chapitaries bctwene the Clianccry and Seynt John is Ilde ix s.

"Also y paied to Robt. Wettor, and to his feliship, at More for the 3 peloris. and di', the church dor

and porch dor, and wyndow7s, and the makyng of Seynt John is Auter, 50 jornays . . xxts.

" Also, y paide to John Hancock for helyng Seynt .lobii is Ilde yn taxk xxs.

" Thomas Lncomb glased the gabell wyndowe yn Seynt Jolin is Ilde."

It would a]ipcar from these entries that the South Chancel Ai.slc is that here called " St. .John's Ilde."

I Bodmin Register, p. 290.

Y

82 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Hosjen and Isabell liys wyfFe, and all tlicr chyldrjn, the sowlys off them and all erystyn sowlys, to be cotydyauly preyed for and had yn the memento and memoryall remembrances off the foreseyd Syr Rychard Dun, Chauntry Prest for seyd, and also of all hys suecessours att all or any tyme beyng j-n tynie comyng, &c.*

The Commissioners appointed 37 Hen. VIII. to inquire into the Chanti'ies, Hospitals, Colleges, (fee. which had fallen into tlic King's hands by reason of the Act of Parliament of that year, certi- fied this Chantry to have been founded by the King's Majesty. "f" In this, however, they were clearly in error, as is shown by a certificate made in return to another inquisition under a Com- mission issued 14 February 2 Edw. VI. This last certificate correctly states that the chantry was foimded by " on Nayler," and it is added that the lands, &c. belonging to it were of the annual value of 8/. 2s. id., whereof \6s. bd. was paid out of it as rent to divers persons, bl. 6s. 8rf. was appropriated as the stipend of Nicholas Taprell, then incumbent of the chantry, and 13s. 4c/. was distributed as alms to the poor, leaving a balance of 25s. 4(/. which was expended by the church- wardens and overseers for the time being in iipholding the buildings, &c. belonging to the said chantry. It appears from the certificate that the number of housling people at this date was 1500. It is further stated that the ornaments, jewels, plate, kc. belonging to the chantry was of the value of 3s. 4(7. %

From another certificate it appears that Sir Nicholas Taprell the chantry jjriest, who was of the age of 70 years, held no other promotion, and that also " by the fundacon the said Prest is boundeu to teache yong Childeren." In a declaration of the uses to which the revenues of this charity were to be applied it appears that " ther was a Scole ther, the Scolem'' being the said Nicholas," and that in respect to the stipend which he received he was appointed to assist in the cure of souls.

It is presumed that Nicholas Taprell enjoyed the revenues of the charity during his life. We have no evidence of his death; but in 1597 the auditor of the Court of Augmentations certified that the premises were not a charge before him. A certain Hugh King applied fur a lease for 21 years which was granted on the S'''' March in that year, the premises being described as one close of laud with app'''^^ in the parish of Bodmyn called Pederwen, late in the occupation of William Pomeraye ; a messuage witli a garden in Bodmyn, late in the occupation of Nicholas Miehell ; a messuage and lands in Paddestow, late in the same occupation ; a tenement in St. Ethe, late in the occupation of John Harrye ; and a close of land called Pederwen Park, in the oarish of St. Breoeke, late in the occupation of Henry Coke ; which said premises were desci-ibed as parcel of the chantry called Naylor's Chantry, ats the chantiy of St. John Baptist, founded in the town of Bodmyn, in the parish church there. § By a grant dated 7 July, 7th Edward VI., the lands belonging to this chantry were conveyed to William Necton and William Mingay in fee.||

* Municipal Records.

t Court of Aug. Certificate No. l.">.

% Court of Aug. Certificate No. 9.

§ Court of Aug. Particulars of Leases, Elizabeth ami James, Roll 4, No. 6.

II Crown Lands Tnrolment Office.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOKY — CHANTRIES. 83

Tlic following extent of the lands of this Charity is found among the Municijial Records. The document is undated : —

Extenta et annuus terrarum et tenementomm pcrtinencium Cantarie Stephani Nayler de Bodmyiia. Et annuus et quietus

reditus eorundem.

»■ d. s. d.

In primis duo messuairia et duo cellaria in potcstate in Bodmyn' nuper Job's Coche per annum 20 0 redditus inde 0 6 Item unum gardiuuni in Newstrete nuper cjusdem .loli'is per annum. . . 0 12 redditus inde 0 (>

Item unum shopa sive sclda in fforestrete per annum . . . . .10 0 redditus inde 0 9

Item unum tenementum et unum gardinum iu Borestrete et mia donms vocata " le Bakehous "

in Borelane per annum 5 0 redditus inde 0 3

Item unum clausiun in capite via de Newestrete vocatum Vedours parke per annum . . 11 0

Item duo elansa vocata Pederwyuos parke [damaged herel 3 4 redditus inde 0 3

Item unum clausum in BodjTiTell iu terra de Penbugell p' annum . . . . . . 10 0 redditus . 0 8

Item una parcellii jampnum et bruere* vocata Whytley ibidem per annum . . . . 0 12

Item unu.s annualis redditus exeunt' de diversis terris et tenementis Johannis Tremure in

Gonvcna 13 4

Item unum messuagimn et acra ternc et prati cum pcrtinenciis in Trekyowe per annum . . 22 0 redditus inde 4 0 Item unum messnagium et tres acre ternu et pastmx' in ov'a Bodynyell nupcr Johannis Bere 12 0 redditus inde 0 12

Item una ((uainnn eidcm messuagio pertinenti ibidem per an' 0 20

Item nnum mesuagium et tres acre terra; et pasture in Trevanyau per annum . . . . 13 4 redditus iude 3 4 Item unum mesuagium et tres parcelle terrai in Padstow nuper Johannis Walter per annum . 3 0 redditus inde 0 » Item unum mcsuagiiun et tres parcelle terra; in Crukmure per annum . . . . .GO redditus inde 0 7 Item unum mesuagium et unum gardinum in Padstow nuper tennra Richardi Harryes per

annum indenturam 2 0 redditus inde 0 t!

Item unum mesuagium et quinque pccic terra; in Padstowe per annum 4 0 redditus iude 0 8

Item unum toftum et duo gardina in Padstow ]ier annum . . . . . . . .20 redditus inde 0 r>

Item unum mesuagitnn in Reyustretc iu Bndmyna nuper Joliannis Bulpyt consanguinei et

hcredls Tliomx Robyns 7 0 redditus inde 0 7

Item nnum mesuagium in Borestrete in Bodmyna nuper Johannis Broker per annum . . 10 0 redditus inde 2 0 Item tres parcella; terra; in Grylles ]ier annum

Summa 157 8 IC 8

Summa totius annui valoris terrarum et tenementorum supradictorum . . . . . £7 17s. 8^/. Summa totius redditus predict! 16s. 8rf.

The following curious document, written upon a small scrap of parchment endorsed " Rekever oft' Trekyow A [g]ensse the por off lauston " is preserved among the Municipal Records: — Be hyt knowyn that thys ys the record that mas? Nayler hadde a gayusse on John Eyr for the tenement at Tikj-ow T, the por off lanston wyche was hy lord oft' the sayde T'kyow yii Syut Tethe pyscho Vnderstaud youc that schcU se ihys thys was hurto yii the cofer 311 f the

concelle howsse. Neu the lesse ze schell haue Copy off thys record yn pypys att london

A" r.r. Edwardij Vicesimo. Ro: ccccl. ap'' Westmes? vj" die Julij . coram Thome bryant.

* Furze and heath. -f Sic.

84 PARISH OF BODMIX.

The Chantry of St. Thomas the Martyr.

The elegant cliapel of this chantry, in the churchyard, now in a sad state of decay, attracts the notice of every \'isitor to Bodmin. It was erected in the reign of King Edward III. ; and a few days after the death of that monarch, viz. on 18 March 1377, licence was granted by Bishop Breut- ingham to Richard Juyl to have Divine offices celebrated in his presence by a duly quahfied priest in the chapel of St. Thomas the MartjT, in the cemetery of the Parish Chiu-ch of Bodmin, during the pleasure of the bishop.*

The building is in the best style of the period. The chapel is in form a parallelogram 44 ft. 9 in. by 18 ft internal dimensions. (See Plan, Plate vu.) Underneath is a crypt with a vaulted roof of tlie wagon form. The walls are supported by lateral buttresses at the angles, and on the south side are three other buttresses and a porch (formerly approached by steps) also buttressed. It is lighted by an east window of three lights of elegant form and tracery, and two other windows of two lights each on each side, tlie tracery of which has been broken out, but the remains show that they differed in design. In the south wall are triple sedilia of good second pointed workmanship, and a piscina of the same character. We have not found any evidence of endowment for this chapel.

Charities.

Before the alterations of the church there was placed over the porch door a tablet, not now existing, with the following list of donations : —

The names of those good Benefactors whome God in his mercy hath stirred up to be helpfull unto the poor of the Borough of Bodmi^-n :

Imp. Nicholas Stojle, pson of BKsland,t gave xx pownds to be put to use for the releefe of the poore of BodmjTi.

It. Hugh Atwill, pson of St. Tewe, gave liij s. iiij d.

It. George Job, of Boclmyn town, gave xj s.

It. William Austen of London, gent., gave v pownds.

It George Parret of Blisland,J gave xxxiij s. iiij d.

It. Thomas Grose of Lavedon, gent, gave to the poore of Bodmyn iij ponds.

It. Eichard Cundy of St. Goran, gent., gave 100 pownds, to be lent for x ponds p ann ; and V pow'ds iiij s. of ye said x pownds to be distributed in ij s. every Sunday in ye yere in bread to the poore at the church by the churchwardens, and xvj s. to the wardens for their paines, and other iiij pownds to be bestowed in eloakes for y^ poore of Bodmyn, at every Christmas, by the Mayor and Magisti-ats of BodmjTi.

It. M"^ Phillip Roscarock, the wife of Humplu-y Roscarock, gent., gave 6/. 13s. M. to be lent out for 2Qd. the powud, the which use money is to be distributed to the poore by the Mayor

* Bishop Brentingham's Register, fo. 70.

t Nicholas Stowell, who was bm-ied at Blisland 19th December, 1600.

% Qy. George J/arrett, buried at Blisland 25th March, 1611.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — CHARITIES. 85

on Good Fryclay ])orpetualIy. The said Phillip Roscarock, widow, gave other x. pounds at her death to the use of the poor of Bodniyii.

It. Thomas Deurant, of Bodmin, tanner, gave v. pounds to the use of the poore of Bodmyu.

It. Digory Dag * of St. Kew, yongman, gave to the use of the poore of St. Anthonye's Chappell in Bodmyu 40.s-.

It. Nicholas t Sprey, gent, gave a piece of land in Cobbshorn, at the value of 53s. id. p ann. to be bestowed in clothes for poore boys for ever.

It Robert Wilton, gent, gave to the use of the poor of Bodmyn x. pow'ds.

William Stone, Mayor of Bodmyn, I623.t

The following charities, subsequently given, are printed in a Return made to the House of Commons on 26 June 1816 : —

H)52. Deed dated 24 and 25 February, Warwick Lord Mohun, rent-charge of 21. IQg. on the tithe of sheaf and fish in the parish of Lanteglos by Fowey, vested in the Mayor and Bur- gesses for the use of the poor.

1624. John C'hamond, land, &c. Dunmere, mills and meadows and orchards, vested in the Mayor and Burgesses for the relief of tlie poor (not apnlied for many years).

Date unknown. John Hoblyn, land vested in the Mayor and Burgesses for bread for the poor, 21. 12*-. ^ afin.

Date and title iniknown. John Moyle, high rents vested in Mayor and Burgesses, 21. 17.v. p ann (not applied).

1813. March 13. AVilliam Pope of Bodmin, yeoman, by will of this date, gave to Richard Coom of Bodmin, gent, all his personal estate, after the death of two annuitants, to the use of the poor of Bodmin, the interest to be distributed b}- the vicar and churchwardens, in equal portions on Good Friday and Christmas Day for ever, amongst the poor inhabitants of the said borough (whether receiving alms or not) as the said vicar and churchwardens shall deem tit objects of charity.

* Digory Dagg, son of Nicholas Dagge, of Bcnholl, in St.lvcw, wlm died before 2Ctli April, lG2:i, as shown Ijy ii memorandum in possession of ]^dwnrd Archer, of Trelaske, esi].

t Will proveil in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, .SOtli April, lfi2."> (Byrd. '.Ki, Clarke 42) gives to the mayor and burgesses of Bodmin for the use of the poor a do.sc of land, containing 4J acres, near Colihome, subject to a lease held by .lohn Batt for a tenu of 21 years at the rent of i marks and a capon per annum, which rent he <lirects, during the continuance of the said lease, shall be received by the said mayor, the rent to be expended in the purchase of cloth and necessary apparel and the making of clothes for six poor fatherless boys natives of the borough, and nndcr the age of 12 years, and the capon to be given to the mayor for the time being, to lie eaten at his s-upper every new year's day, and provision is made that, if the mayor and burgesses shall neglect or refuse the yearly |)erformance of the premises, it shall be lawful for the heirs of the said testator to re-enter and possess the said land, and to receive the rent.s and proKts, and employ the same to the use of the poor children as l)efore appointed; and he directs that 40.'r. shall be spent in bread to be distributed at his funeral. J Bodmin Register, pp. 7, 8.

86 PARISH OF BODMiy.

THE CONVENT OF THE FRANCISCANS, FRIARS MINORITES, OR

GREY FRIARS.

Tliis fraternity derived its first designation from their founder, St. Francis of Assisi ; the second fi-om the circumstance that the brethren regai'ded themselves as the youngest and humblest of the religious orders : and the third vv'as given to them, in England, from the colour of their habit, which was made of coarse light grey cloth, girt with a common cord, over which, in severe weather, was worn a mantle of the like colour and material.

At the close of the 12th century and beginning of the 13th, infidelity obtained to a gi'eat extent, especially in populous towns ; in the suburbs surrounding which had accumidated a large and disorderly population, without sufficient, or indeed, in many instances, any means of religions instruction. The citizens and burgesses, with res])cct to the means of religion, were not uncared for, but not so the dregs of the population beyond the city walls, which was daily recruited by those who fled from the oppression or harshness of the feudal system, or even from the stern justice of the feudal lord. This mixed population, composed of all races and religions, in those days as imtil lately in our own, attracted not much attention either to their religious or sanitary needs. Settled in low, reeking, swampy soils, without drainage and amid foetid odours, they became a prey to all kinds of pestilence, and especially did they suffer from that terrible scourge of mankind — the leprosy.

The church was little able to cope with this e\il. It also was in a lamentable condition of disorder. The clergy were indolent and licentious. Their children were placed in even the hiehest offices and benefices, the duties of which thev disregarded.

Such was the state of things on the birth of St. Francis at Assisi, in Italy, in 1282,* and whilst he was yet a young man, observing the disorders which prevailed in the church, as a means to their removal he commenced his scheme of religious organization. The fraternity which he founded was entirely of a missionary character, and one of the chief objects of the brethren was the preaching of the gospel to the degraded masses about the great towns, and to these wretched localities, according to apostolic rule, they were despatched two and two.

Tlie rule of the Franciscan Order required the most absolute poverty. The brethren were not allowed to })osscss any thing except their habit, and were to beg from door to door for their support. Money they were not to receive, except in case of necessity, when absolutely required to pro\-ide for the sick that which coidd not otherwise be obtained. In such cases, however, they were not permitted to receive any greater amount than the special occasion demanded, and if any surplus remained after providing what was immediately required, the wishes of the donor were to be consulted as to its disposal. Bareheaded and barefooted the Franciscan friar wended his way through the most wretched purlieus of the city, receiving from the poor inhabitants such

* irnnunienta Frnniisciina. i.

ECCLESIASTICAL UISTORT — THE GREY miARS. 87

gifts as from their poverty they could ofier : meat, salt, and fruit, stale beer and milk ; sleeping under arches, in the porches of desolate churches, or wherever else slender shelter could be found. The gifts he received in alms he could not sell, and he was not allowed to receive more than his necessities required for the day. He was essentially the poor missionary to the poor ; tlepcndent entirely upon their sympathy, and he had his reward in the success which attended his self-devotion. The Franciscan friars were in fact the pioneers of the reformation of the church.

There was, however, a sorer discipline behind, which St. Francis taught his disciples by his t>wn example. The leprosy, fostered by bad diet, insufticicnt clothing, squalid lodging, and absence of drainage, was a dire scourge to the town population. St. Francis took an eidarged view of the sympathies of mankind. He himself attended u])oii the leprous sick, and performed for them all those loatlisome offices, however offensive, wliieii the miserable condition of the wretched patients required, and he enjoined his friars to dwell in the lazar hospitals and do the same. Neither noble nor ignoble, learned mor illiterate were excused from this duty. What greater bond of common .sympathy could exist than that created between those who gave and those who received such services ! It struck a chord which vibrated throughout the whole pojju- lation, and rendered the Franciscan friars more popular among all classes than any otJier religious order.

The rule of the fraternit)- was approved by Pope Innocent III. in 1210, and confirmed by Pope Honorius III. in 1224. Unlike the earlier founders of religious orders, the qualifications required from candidates for admission into this brotherhood would lead to the conclusion that the founder desired to enlist the services of the better educated and not those of the lower class. "He shall," says the rule, " be whole of body and prompt of mind ; not in debt ; not a bond-man born; not unlawfully begotten ; of good name and fame ; and competently learned."* Here then we see the field and the labourers appointed therein to work ; the snceess \ouchsafed seems mar- vellous in our ej'cs.

At the first general convention of the order in the year 1217, its numbers had already con- siderably increased, and two years afterwards it consisted of more than 5,000 brethren.t Elate with this success, St. Francis determined to appoint provincial ministries in the principal kingdoms of Europe; and in 1224, two years before the death ot the founder, a deputation of nine of the confraternity settled in England, taking up their first residence in the Benedictine Priory of the Holy Trinity at Canterbury, in which city five of their number soon afterwards founded the fir.st Franciscan convent in England. Within thirty years afterwards their immbers in this country alone amounted to 1,242, J and they had forty-nine convents in difi'erent localities ; an instance of religious organization and proj)agandism unexampled in the history of the world.

The attention of the friars was not confined to the religious destitution of the town population. Their attendance upon the sick led them to the study of medicine, natural philosophy, aud the physical sciences in general. Although as time advanced, anil the condition of the people among wiiom they chiefly laboured became ameliorated, the condition of the brethren somewhat im-

* Monuinenta Fraiiciscanii, xxviii. f Chron. of the Grey Fri.ars of I/Oiuloii. Caniil. Sue.

J Mouuiueiita FnuRiscana. Ecclestun 10.

88 PARISH OF BODMIN.

proved, they continued bound by their rule of poverty, and still remained the poor begging friars; nevertheless they became the greatest promoters and professors of learning, and in the world of letters none shed a brighter lustre than did tlie Franciscan brothers of our own country. It ■will be sufficient to name Adam de Marisco, Richard of Coventry', John Wallis, Thomas Dock3Tig, Roger Bacon, Peccham Archliishop of Canterbury, Duns Seotus, and Occham, all famous Fran- ciscan schoolmen of English birth.* We must not, however, omit to mention Richard of Corn- wall, probably a friar of Bodmin, who became famous as a professor at Oxford and afterwards at Paris, one of the most popular lecturers of his age, who was imiversally beloved for his piety, abilities, and conversation.

There seems to be some doubt as to the foundation of the Friary at Bodmin. AVilliam of Worcester gives two different accounts of its origin. In one place he says it was founded by Edmund Earl of Cornwall in July 1239, observing, immediately afterwards, that John Fitz Ralph, Lord of Kayryshays, who died on 3rd June 1342, was the first founder; and afterwards he says it was founded by Richard Earl of Cornwall. Of course, if the date given be correct, the name of Earl Edmund must be an error, for Earl Richard did not die until 1272, and his marriage with Sencliia, his third wife, daughter of Raymond Earl of Provence, who was the mother of Earl Edmund, was jiot solemnized until 1223, and consequently at tlie date given as that of the foundation Edmund must have been within age. This author fm-ther states that the chm-ch was dedicated by Jolm Grandison Bishop of Exeter in 1352. We do not, however, find any record of the benediction in Bishop Graudison's Register under the year stated, or elsewhere, but we have evidence that the church was in existence in 1253 ; for in that year Robert Clapethoyr took sanctuary in the church of St. Francis of Bodmjne, and confessed himself to be a robber in many robberies, and abjured the kingdom before the coroner ; and because the town of Bodmyn did not take him when this occurred, they remained in the king's mercy, and probably had to pay a fincf

Leland says: " There was a good place of Gray Freres in the south side of Bodmyn town. One John de London} a merchaunt, was the beo'inner of this house. Edmund Erie of Cornewaul augmented it. There lay buried in the Gray Freres Sir Hugh and Sir Thomas Pe^•erelle knightes and benefactors to the house." Other members of the Peverell family were entombed in this church. The writer has now before him an acquittance dated 21st Henry VI. given by one William Ford for the sum of 22 marks sterling for certain work done in the church of the Friars

* Almost every Eraiiciscau schoolman of note came from these islands, Bonaicnture and Lully excepted. For originality and subtilty in the breadth of their attainments they were much renowned. Lyons, I'ans, and Cologne were indebted for their first professors to the English Franciscans in Oxford. Kepeated ap)ilicatious were made from Ireland, Denmark, France, and Germany for English friars, who enjoyed a reputation throughout the world for adhering conscien- tiously and strictly to the poverty and severity of the order. (Adami de Marisco Epistola;.)

t Assize Koll, 11 Edw. 1. m. 8. d.

X William de London was one of the first converts the fiiars made in England. He was the tailor of King Henry III. and an intimate friend of Habert de Burgh, justiciar)' of England ; and we find still earlier notices of the name in con- nexion with the county. In 12 Edw. I. Thomas de Loudon was ajipoiutcd attorney of Knger Launc against Koger de Carminou in a pica of debt, and in 1) Edw. II. Odo de [Sicca Villa was amerced at Lauuccston in iOtf. for not prosecuting Kichai'd dc London. (Assize Hull.)

I

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE GREY FRIARS. 89

Minors of Bodmin about the tomb of the late Thomas Peverell, esquire, according to an example portrayed on a certain parchment, with French stone, in a goodly chapel.

William of Worcester gives the following list of names of illustrious personages whose obits were kept in this church, extracted from the Kalendar of the house.

1239. Ecclcsia fratrum Ordiuis Sancti Francisci villiB de Bodman, fuudatur per Edmundum

primum Comitem Cornubic-e 13 kalend. Juhj ; et ibi isti obitus inveniuntur. 1299. Obiit dominus Tliomas de Caneia die 12 Januarij.

Obitus dominaj Johann:c de Kaermynaw. 1329. Eichardus Rex Almaniw obiit 3 die Aprihs. 1314. Jacobus Peuerell obiit. 1349. Johanna de Carmjniaw obiit. 1342, Ehzabet Peuerell obiit.

Johannes, filius Raduljihi doniini de Kayrysliays, primus fundator ecclesise fratrum, obiit 3 die Junij. 1346. Margeria de Treverbyn, obiit 9 die Junij. 1372. Dominus Hugo Peuerelle, miles, obiit 21 die Junij.

Innocentius papa tercius, obiit 16 die Julij. 1349. Margaretta Sergeaux, obiit prime die Augusti, et hie est sepulta.

Johannes Mamie et Isabella censors ejus, die 2 Augusti obiit.

Johanna Mater Ricardi Regis An£;li£e, obiit die 8 Augusti. 1369. Dominus Thomas do Carmynaw.

And again : —

Edmundus et Johannes comites Cornubise.

Johannes, filius Radulphi de Bodman.

Dominus Johannes de ArundeU chevalier.

Dominus W^illielmus Soregeaux.

Dominus Hugo Peuerelle.

Dominus Thomas de Cantia.

Dominus Johannes Beaupree.

Dominus Trewynt.

1369. Dominus Thomas Carmpiew, miles.

Dominus Willielmus Sergeaux.

Dominus Willielmus Trelothyk.

Dominus Baldwyiius de Bello prato.

Dominus Edmundus Hywys, armiger.

Dominus Waltorus Blewet.

Willielmus Blundello.

Dominus Thomas dc Cantia, obiit anno Christi 1299. 1360. Domina Sibilia Daunc, obiit.

Ricliardus rex Aleniania-, comes Cornubia?, 3 die Aprilis, obiit.

2 A

90 PARISH OF BODMIN.

1314. Jacobus de Peuerelle, obiit. 1346. Margeria de Treverbjm, obiit. 1327. Hugo de Peuerelle, miles, obiit.

Walterus, Episcopus Exoniensis, obiit die 23 Julij, preeipuus benefactor fratrum Sancti Francisci. 1 349. Domiua Margareta Sergeaux, obiit primo die Augusti.

Johannes Mowne, armiger, die 2 Augusti.

Dominus Randulphus de Wytheel.

Domina Alicia Fitzwater.

Edmundus, conies Cornubiae, prime die Octobris.

Johannes Rodeney, miles.

Edmundus Clevedon, miles.

Willielmus Chambron, anno Christi 1353.

In registro apud Bodman Ecclesiam fratrum Minorum.

Mao-na pestilencia per universum mundum inter Saracenos qui pagans, et postea inter Christianos, ineepit primo in Anglia circa kalend. Augusti, et parum ante Nativitatem Domini intraAnt -v-illam Bodminife, ubi mortui fiierunt circa miUe quingentos per estimacionem ; et numerus fratrum defunctorum a capitulo generali Lugduniaj celebratum anno Clu'isti 1351, usque ad aliud sequens capitulum generale, fuit fratribus ti-esdecim milia octingenti octaginta tres, exceptis sex %-icariis.

The following superiors of this house are the only ones which have fallen under our notice.

Adam de Treklad, mentioned as Guardian * by Bishop Grandison, Oct. 26tli, 1328.t

Adam ocem-s April 11th, 1330, probably the same.

Eichard Roscarn, Februaiy 15th, 1373.

Roger Rosemelian, February 17th, 1380.$

Of the history of tlie Friary we have scarcely any knowledge. With respect thereto the records are very barren.

The possessions of the Friars Minors fell into the hands of King Henry VIII. by reason of the Act of Parliament dissolving the smaller monasteries. The religious houses were the strongest supporters of the imfortunate Queen Katlierine, by which they incm-red the King's heavj' dis- pleasm-e. Among these the friars wei'e the most obnoxious. Tliey were constantly about among the people, were generally able preachers, popular, active, and industrious ; and as they had tlie will so had they power to exercise a considerable influence in the then critical state of affairs. Their very poverty made them independent. Tliey had Httle or nothing to lose, and, as they were the weakest, they were the first to suffer. Possessions they had none, except their houses and a

* This was the usual designation of the superior of a Franciscan monastery. It has been corrupted into rrwrden. There was a certain dignity attached to the title of abbot, and even prior, which many pious and humble founders dis- liked. St. Francis, out of pure modesty, would not allow any superiors of his order to be so called, but directed them to be named Guardians, and the monks he ordered to be called Fratcrculi.

t Bp. Grandison's Eeg. vol. ii. fo. 78. % Bp. Brant. Keg. vol. i. fo. 203.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOUY — THE GREY FEIARS. 91

sufficient quantity of land to grow vegetables for their use ; but they were rich in plate and vest- ments for the altar. Even the possession of these things, however, was contrary to the rule of their order, and they were usually held for them by the townspeople, or corporate bodies, where their convents were situated

England was divided by the Grey Friars into seven custodies or wardenships, of which Bodmin was in the wardenship of Bristol, which consisted of nine convents.*

The sony possessions of the poor friars having been seized by the king, as above stated, by letters patent dated at Westminster, 30th January, 1546, f the house and site of the Friars Minors within the town of Bodmyn, otherwise called Bodenham, now dissolved, together with the house called " the gate house," with their appurtenances, and all the possessions of the said friary in Bodmyn, were granted, in consideration of good and faithful services, to WiUiam Abbot esquire, the king's sers'ant, by whom, in the following year, the premises were conveyed to William Vyvy-an and others.

In 1566 William V^^^yan, described as of Trehunsey in Quethiock, and Jolm Hewet of Bodmin, sold the premises to the mayor aud burgesses of Bodmin, by wliich corporate body they are still possessed.

The buildings seem to have been of considerable magnitude and dignity. In a view of the town made in the time of Hemy VIII.J a church is shown apparently at this spot, and it is represented with a massive square tower. This may have been no more than a fancy sketch ; nevertheless the remains, which have continued to our own time, have been somewhat extensive.

The Great Hall, in which the assizes were until recently held, is said to have been the Refectory of the Friaiy. Tliis seems to us to be very doubtful for several reasons. It was 150 feet in length and 60 feet in height, and was adorned with a magnificent east window of Second Pointed work. The Franciscan friars, living under strict vows of poverty, and begging their bread from door to door, were not likely to exercise hospitality on the same scale as wealthy abbots and priors, and, consequently, would not require such a room as a refectory. It is much more likely that it was the Friary chiu'ch, of which no other trace remained within the memory of man.

This building was rutlilessly destroyed to make way for the new assize courts, the walls being thrown down without even removing the tracery of the windows. A skeleton was discovered inclosed in a tomb in the masonry of the wall, and many vaults and graves under the floor. In the open space on the north, known as Mount Folly, human remains and stone coffin-lids have been frequently found, together with a quantity of oyster-shells.

Tlio western end of tho building stiU exists, being used as a corn-market and for other pm-poses. A buttress is now standing with a portion of the old walls containing pai't of a spiral staircase.

• 1. Bristol ; 2. Gloucester : 3. Bridgwater (St. Francis) ; 4. Hereford (St. Gutlilake's) ; G. Exeter (St. John the Baptist) ; G. Cannarthen ; 7. Dorset (St. Francis) j 8. Cardiff (St. Francis) ; i). Bodmin. (Monumenta Franc.)

t Pat. Rolls, 37 Hen. VIII. Part 15, m. 29.

I This view occurs in a chart of the south coast of Coniwall, preserved in the British Museum. Bodmin churcli,witli its spire, aud Berrj- chapel, with its tower, arc also delineated.

92 PARISH OF BODillN.

An ancient octagonal pillar of masonry, with base and capital of plain mouldings, was brought from the ruins of the friary and erected in the churchyard by the late vicar, the Rev. John Wallis, who caused this inscription to be cut on it : " From the Friary Church, consecr'ated a.d. 1352."* Other pillars are found in various parts of the town.

Tlie ancient Gate House, which is specially mentioned in the gi'ant from the Crown, and which was at one time used as a house of correction, has been converted into a dwelling-house, and is now occupied by Mr. W. Treverton, boot and shoe maker. The front in Fore Street has been stuccoed over, and modern windows have been inserted, but beneath the outer covering of plaster have been seen lately a large gothic ai'chway springing from clustered pillars at the sides, with a small window or niche above, the latter built up. The form of the old gable is also sho-v\-n by the position of the stones. Tlie ancient carved woodwork of the roof, a large stone arch within the house, and several sculptured stones were taken down, altered, or altogether demolished, as well as some fragments of stained glass in one of the old windows. Tliese alterations were effected by Mr. Thomas Thomas in modernizing the premises in 1854 and 1855, he then holding the house on a lease for lives.

The Refectory, or Church, was formerly used as the corn-market, and therein was kept a large stone bowl of the capacity of one Winchester bushel, which is now removed to the new mai'ket- house. It is mentioned by Hals as a stone font appertaining to the Friary church for the baptism of infants, which Hals supposed had been converted into a corn-measure. This idea is, however, clearly erroneous. It is presumed that the friars would not have been permitted to administer the sacrament of baptism in derogation of the rights of tlie parish church ; but, however this may have been, the vessel in question was indubitably a measure. It is externally octagonal in form with a circular bowl, having perpendicular sides and a flat bottom. A graduated iron rod is set up in the centre, upon which revolves, horizontally, another rod or bar which acts as a strike, and being raised or depressed according to the index on the perpendicular rod, which corresponds with a similar index on the sides of the vessel, describes a bushel, or any given pi'oportion of a bushel. On one side of the vessel, near the bottom, is an opening covered within by a sUding trap, and having externally a lip and an iron hook on each side whereon may be hung a sack, into wliich, by withdrawing the slide, the corn would easily run. On the faces of the vessel are the followmg inscriptions : —

However ye sell

B.F1563. Your measure fyll R F 1826.

There was also brought from the same place, on the erection of the new market-house, an §

ancient bell of a very singular form (see Plate VIII. fig. 1 ). It measures 1 foot 4 inches in diameter at the mouth, and is 1 foot along the side. It is rung at the opening and close of the market on market days. In outline it resembles an engrailed heraldic ordinary, and has every

• We hare endeavoured to verify the date of the consecration, but no record of the event is fonnd in Bishop Grandi- son's Register of this period.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — HOSPITAL OF ST. LAURENCE. 93

appearance of antiquity. It is Ladly cast, and looks as if bubbles in the metal had crumbled and broken through. The bell is now hung by means of iron rods passing tlu-ough the upper part, the crown having, at some time, been broken off.

At the Hotel de Ville at Arras there is a bell of a similar type, though of larger size and differing fi-oni the Bodmin bell in detail, the convolutions being invected instead of engrailed (see Plate VIII. fig. 2).

An engraving of tliis bell is given by M. BiUon,* which was kindly brought to our notice by that eminent campanologist the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, Rector of Clyst St. George, Devon, to whom we are indebted for the illustration. The author says of this bell : — " M. Givelet a donne I'inscription du timbre des heures, qui est sur le point culminant de la tour: l'an : MCCCC : E. xxxiiij. JE. FUIS. FAis." The measurement of this bell is not given, probably from its inaccessible position, being at the very top of the tower. The Bodmin bell is, we imagine, of about the same date as that at Ai-ras, but why such a peculiar form was adopted we are at a loss to know, unless the object was to secure strength with economy of metal.

Whether the Bodmin bell was originally intended for ecclesiastical or secular use seems uncertain. If it was anciently the " Market Bell," it was probably taken to the Friary when the market was established there, as it was removed to its present position when the new market- liouse was completed.

THE HOSPITAL OF ST. LAURENCE AND MANOR DE PONTABOYE.

We have already alluded to the awful disease of leprosy as the direst scourge with which mankind was afflicted during the mediajval period. It is difficult, however, in our days to realize the terrible character of this loathsome disease, the extent to which it prevailed, or its social consequences. It has been generally affirmed that lejjrosy was im])orted into Europe from the East during the Crusades ; but there is strong reason to doubt this hypothesis, for the name is found in the Anglo-Saxon Vocabulary attributed to ^Ifric.f About the date of the Crusades, however, it became ver}- prevalent, and, fostered by the social and sanitary condition of the country, it defied all the medical skill of the age. It was sudden, infectious in the highest degree, sparing neither condition, J sex, nor age, and once a leper always a leper. A person once j^ronounced diseased was socially dead. He must leave his occujmtion, home, and friends, was deprived of all social rights,§ and disqualified fi'om approaching the dwellings of men. He could not inherit property, || nor dispose of that he had acquired, and was ipso facto excommunicate. Some special provision, therefore, became absolutely necessary for persons so afflicted, and Lazar Hospitals were founded in all parts of the kingdom. Solicitude for, and attention to, this

* " Campanologie ; Etude sur les Cloches et les Sonneries Fraixjaises et Etrangi'ies." Caen, 18GG.

t Vide " Promptorium Parvulonini," sub Lcpyr, Camden Soc. 1805.

X There are found ujjon tlie Patent Holls grants of small pensions to the King's own valets, who were suddenly struck down by leprosy within the walls of the palace and within the very sight of the sovereign. — Monumenta Franeiscana.

§ If a married nnm entered the hospital it was cnjoincil he should si'parate fi-om his wife, and make a solemn vow of chastity.

II According to the ancient law of England leprosy was an impediment to descent. A grant made by a person after he fell sick of the le[)rosy was void. — Ilarily's Preface to the Close Rolls.

2 B

94 PARISH OF BODMIN.

miserable and unhappy class of sufferei's were, as we have already noticed, made special acts of devotion by the rule of the order of Grey Friars, and it seems very probable that they were instrumental in the foundation of the Hospital of St. Laurence, which is situated as near to their Friary of Bodmin as prudence would permit.

We have no record of the first establishment of this hospital. It was one of those piu-ely ecclesiastical institutions which needed no royal charter for its foundation. We find it existing in the thirteenth century. At least, in 1302 the Prior of Bodmin and Laurence de Treuegyon, " bailiff of the Leppers of Bodmin," were presented at the assize at Launceston for having levied new customs for the cleansing of the town by taking toU as well of the buyers as of the sellers, which they ought not to do. They could not deny the fact, and remained in mercy.*

On 27th August, 1382, Bishop Brentingham consecrated the chapel ; and on the lltli Oct. 1395 Bishop Stafford granted an indidgence, " ad sustentaeionem pauperum leprosorum Sancti Lau- rencii juxta Bodminiam." A similar indidgence was granted by Bishop Lacy on 5th March, 1435. f

Li 1476 we find John Cole mentioned as prior of the Priory of St. Laurence juxta Ponteboy ; J and the next evidence which we^have is the matrix of the seal, § which would appear to have been executed about the end of the fifteenth centuiy.

Li the second year of King Edward VI. tlie commissioners appointed to sun^ey the colleges, hospitals, chantries, and free chapels, dissolved 37 Hen. VIII. certified, with respect to this

hospital, that it was " founded by to ffinde six lazare pore peple, two hole men, two

hole women, and one pryste to mynistre vnto them in a chappell adioyning to the sayd hospitall, not far distant from the paryshe churche, who haue to the mayntenaunce of theire lyviug certaj-ne landes gyven to that intent and purpose ;" further, that " the yerely value of all the landes and possessions belonging, or ai^pertayning, to the sayd hospital is iiij'' xiij^ j''," whereof the whole had " byn employed to the use of the said pore lazare men and other as is aforesayd, who haue no other landes or certain profytts towai'd theire sustenance ;" and the commissioners further cer- tified that " the value of the ornaments, Jewells, plate, goodes, and catalls belonging or apper- tayning to y*^ sayd hospytall " was xxx^

This foundation appears to have escaped the general spoliation of religious establishments, though William of Worcester does not notice its existence. Leland alludes to it in these words : "FromBodmyn to S. Laurence, wher a poor hospital or lazar house is, about a mile. One of the Peverelles gaue a litle annuitie unto this house." The poor inmates, however, doubtless felt the insecurity of their tenure ; and, if the great universities found it desirable in the reign of Queen Elizabeth to obtain incorporation by Act of Parliament, we cannot be surprised that the prior and brethren of St. Laurence should seek the support of a royal charter. Accordingly Queen Eliza- beth, on 9th March, 1582, granted to them a charter of incorporation under the title of " the Master or Governor (gubernatore), Brothers, and Sisters of the Hospital of Elizabeth Queen, and S' Lam-ence de Ponteboy, in the parish of Bodman." ||

* Assize Roll 30 Edw. I. sec. 58. t Lacy's Reg. vol. iii. fo. 125.

J Court Rolls of the Stannary of Blackmoor. Augmentation Office.

§ Now in the possession of K. Bray, Esci- town clerk of Bodmin, who purchased it at the sale of the effects of the late John Wallis, Esq. father of the late Yicar. II Patent Roll, 25 Elizab. Part 9.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — HOSPIT^Ui OF ST. LAURENCE. 95

The charter recites that " there hath bene of longe tyme a greate company of lazar people estemed by tlie name of pryor and brethren and systers, but never by us, or by any of our progenitors, incorporate ; and whereas dyverse persons of their charitable disposition have gyven unto the saied leprous people dyverse landes and tenements by that name of incorporation, which they of longe tyme, by cuUour thereof, enjoyed, and at this present thereby maintain the nomber of six and thirty leprouse peojile," &c. ; and proceeds to grant unto the said lazar peoijle that " they shalbe incorporate and made a body corporate for ever, to be called by the name of the Hospitall or Almeshouse of Elizabeth Queen of England, of St. Laurence de Ponteboy, in the parishe of Bodman, and shall consist of a maister or govenor and nyne and thyrtye poore men and women being leprous people ;" and grants unto them all their lands, which are specifically set out in the charter, to be held of the crown in free soccage, and not in capite, by fealty only. It appoints one Lewis Shessell the first master or governor, and gives power to the brethren and sisters to elect to any vacancy which might occur in consequence of any who may die or depart from the said hospital, so that the full number of forty, and no more, may be continued.*

King James I., immediately after his accession, conferred further privileges upon this institution. He granted it a market to be holden on Wednesday in each week, and an annual fair, with a Court of Pie-powder,t on St. Luke's day, in addition to the fair for three days, on the eve, day, and morrow of St. Laurence, to be held in the fair-field or fair-close adjoining tlie hospital, with aU courts o{ pie poiiJre', &c., arising from the same, as confirmed by the charter of Queen Elizabeth, to which reference is above made.

In consequence of the beneficial results of better food, better clothing, and the many advantages attendant upon a higher degree of civilization, the awful disease of leprosy, tlu-ough God's mercy, gradually disappeared, and institutions founded for the special relief and protection of persons afilicted therewith ceased to be required for that purpose. Hence suitable subjects of tlie charity no longer in sufficient numbers applied for admission to the hospital, and great abuses soon crept into the institution.

It appears from proceedings in Chancery in the year 1714 that tlie two fairs had, fourteen years before, been granted to farm, for tliat period, by one William Robins, then governor of the hospital, to one Henry Dagge, then deceased, at the rent of 28/. per annum, and that on the expiration of the said term Henry Dagge, son of John Dagge, son of the first-named Henry Dagge, refused to relinquish possession, which he retained by force and violence, taking the toUs of the fairs. At this time leprous people were inmates of the hospital, and for some years afterwards we find the burial of persons recorded in the parochial registers described as " Lazars." In the cause referred to a decree was granted on the 18tli November, 5 George I., confirming the right of the hospital to the said fairs, f

By the end of the eighteenth century however, and some time before, the institution, for want of a sufficient number of lazar people to constitute a governor and thirty-nine brethren

* This charter is printed at length in the Arch;i;ologieal Journal, vol. xxiv. !>. 171.

t The pie-powder conrt was a court held at fairs, wherein justice was doue to any injured person before the dust of the fair wax off htufcef, the name being derived from the V^mh. pie junidre. Its jurisdiction extended to enforcing liy sununary process of fine and imprisonment the regulations of the fair and the payment of t!ic stallage, tolls, and customs.

X Decrees in Chancery, book 7, fo. 118.

96 PAKISH OF BODMIX.

and sisters, had fallen into decay, and the revenues had been diverted from their proper purpose. Lord De Uimstanville and Sir Chi-istopher Hawkins, on the part of the justices of Cornwall, filed a bill in Chancery, in wliich Thomas Hicks, Edward Howell, and Elizabeth his wife were defendants, praying that the said Edward Howell might be called upon to set forth his title to the hospital estates in right of his wife, or howsoever he supported the same, and that the revenues of the hospital for the time to come might be applied to some charitable purpose, as might by the court be deemed consistent with the intention of the donor, or as nearly so as circumstances would allow.

Tlie information and bill were in 1803 referred to a Master to inquire whether there were any persons then living who were members of the said corporation, and whether there were any other persons who were entitled, or claimed, to become members thereof. The Master reported, on 28th Jmie, 1805, that there were not, and had not been for a long time past, a sufficient, or nearly sufficient, number of leprous people to constitute a master and 39 bretlu-en and sisters of the said hospital ; and that very few persons had been able to make claim to entitle them to the benefit of the above charitable institution. That he had advertised for claimants, but that none had appeared ; and that, with the exception of Richard Goss, Elizabeth Howell, and Mary Goss, none had been admitted or considered as bretliren or sisters.

At this juncture the Prince of Wales intervened, and claimed the property as having escheated to the Duchy of Cornwall ; but eventually an arrangement was made, and a scheme was sanctioned for transferring tlie estates of the hospital to the " General County Lifirmary for the Relief of Sick and Poor Persons within the County." Sir. Edwai'd Coode of St. Austell was appointed receiver of the rents of the estates. The infii-mary still enjoys the property, but is bound to receive any leprous persons, should any hereafter present themselves as claimants for the benefits of the charit}'.

It appears from various leases of the hospital lands, granted by the governor, or master, brethren, and sisters, that the possessions of the liospital were i-eputed a manor under the desig- nation of " The Hospital, or Aims-House, of St. Laurence, or Manor of De Pontaboyes," * the tenements forming which contain fifty-one acres of land, the whole being, by prescription, exempt from the payment of great tithes, but subject to the payment of all manner of small tithes.

The village, which now consists of upwards of twenty small houses, is divided by a stream which separates the parishes of Bodmin and Lanivet. One only of these houses bears any evidence of antiquity. This is reputed to have been the governor's residence. It has two round- headed doorways of oak, of ancient workmanship, and within the window-frame of one of the windows are two pieces of cusped carving in oak, which woidd seem to have been portions of a screen. There are many fragments of ancient stones in the viUage, and a slab is preserved, bearing the following inscription : —

RicHARDE C.4RTER of sajnt Columbe Marchante by his laste Wylle & Testamente in an'o D'ni 1582 did geue ten pownde for the assurance of tweutie shyllynges yerelye to be payed vnto vs the peer Lepers of

* It appears from the acconnts of the hospital rendered into the Conrt of Chancery by the last Governor, that the manor of De I'ontaboyes paid a high rent of 1/. Is. Sd. to the manors of Glevin and Cenzee. The name is variously written as De Pontaboyes, De Pontaboy, De Pont Boye, De Pontaboys, and on the ancient seal de Pontpoy.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — HOSPITAL OP ST. LAURENCE.

97

the Hospytall & to ourc successors for euer which ten powiide by the consent of hys executor wc haue employed towardcs the niakyng of thys howse in an'o 1586 whose Charitable & rare example in oure tyme God graunte mani to followe hereafter.

This was affixed to tlie front of a house (now removed) which, according to tradition, was next to the market-house, which also has disappeared.

The chapel was in ruins in 1814, and was used as a stable: two windows on the south side and three arches which divided the chapel, only, remained then standing.* These now no longer exist, with the exception of a small portion of the moulded side of a doorway, or an arch, of third pointed work, situated at the back of a cowhouse behind the cottage called the Governor's resi- dence. Divine service was celebrated in the chapel by the Rev. J. Lake, rector of the adjoining parish of Lanivet, as late as about the year 1785, and the governor for some years afterwards continued to read prayers therein. f Wo find by a deed dated 3rd August, 1785, J that, upon the payment of the sum of £21 to Richard Goss, governor, &c., an annuity of £5 per annum, " out of the products of the Manor of Depontaboj^s," was granted to Susanna Sibley for life, who, in consideration thereof, agreed " to attend at the Chap])el Sundays and Holidays to read Prayers with the said Richard Goss," and her descendants speak of her as having acted as the clerk to the governor at divine service. Much of the window tracery and other stones of the destroyed buildings were removed to Bodmin. A few fragments, only, now remain at St. Lavu'ence.

The following list of priors, and governors or masters, though imperfect, is not destitute of interest : —

John Cole was prior of St. Laurence in . . . .1470

William Curtys „ ... bur. 1580§

Lewis Kessell appointed first governor under the charter of 17

March, 25 Elizab 1582-3

William, Master of St. Laurence ..... bur. 1600§

Richard Hender was governor in . . . . . . 1646

A governor (name not stated) was buried in . . . . 1652§

Do. do. do. .... 1653§

Do. do. do. .... 16G6§

Do. do. do. . . . . ]6G7§

John Stephens, a sick man, governor of St. Laurence's Hospital,

was buried ......... 1685§

William Robyns, governor ....... 1700

Henry Goss ,, .........

1767f

1774

1778

1783-1800

. appointed May 1, 1800

.... Jeffery „

William Francis ,, William Chapman ,, Richard Goss „

Thomas Hicks, last govenior

Seal of the noapital of St. Laurence. In the possession of Richard Bray, Esq., Town Clerlt, Bodmin. ||

* In t}ie accounts rendered into the Court of Chancery by the last Governor we find iu the year 1800 a charge of 3/. 7s. Od. for repairing the walls of the chapel.

t Add. MSS, 8420. J Copy in possession of the autlior. § Par. Iteg.

II Wo arc indebted for the use of this block to the " Cambrian Arcliaiological Association." ^ Mr. Browne's Diary.

2 c

98 PARISH OF BODMIN.

THE GUILDS.

Much religious life was manifested in Bodmin about the middle and towards the close of the fifteenth century. It is probable that this may have been to some extent due to the presence of the Grey Friars, for, notwithstanding that they had degenerated and relaxed the stringency of the rule of their order, they, nevertheless, continued still " the poor friars," were zealous and able preachers, and, by theu- self-sacrifice and activity, exercised considerable influence with the people among whom they resided. To this influence, we tliink, may be owing the organization of the large number of church guilds which, on the occasion of the rebuilding of the parish church, took such an active interest in the work, and contributed so much to its success, affording evidence of the practical advantage which, in our own day, would be derived fi-om institutions of a like natui-e in carrying out works of a similar kind.

These guilds and fraternities were very numerous. We will first mention the " riding guilds." They were the guilds of SS. Eloy,* Petrock, John, Anyan, and Martjm. These appear to have had no special location. Of the others, some appear to have been established in the parish church, where, it is probable, they had their special chapels or altars. Of these were the guilds of SS. Mary in the chancel. Corpus Christi and John Baptist in the church, and St. Thomas the Martyr in the cemetery.t At the Bery we find the Holy Rood, St. Christopher, and the New Guild. At the Bore we have SS. Margaret, Anne, David, Mathew the Apostle, and AU Saints; and the Virgin in Bore Street. At St. Nicholas,! SS. Nicholas the Bishop, and Anne. At St. George the Martyr,§ SS. George and Mary. At St. Leonard, || Leonard the Bishop and

St. Eloy was a native of Scotland, and became Bishop of Voion in France. He was conunemorated on the lit December.

t We have treated of this chapel under the head of " Chantries." It seems doubtful whether it was a chantry chapel or not — a guild was, however, established in connection with it.

t This chapel was situated at the head of St. Nicholas', otherwise Lostwithiel Street, and the fair granted by the charter of 5th Eliz. (1562-3) was formerly held in the chapel-yard: but it has, for many years past, been removed into the street. We have failed to identify the site, but in 1814 the field was the property of Sir. Roger Dawe, of Bodmin (Addl. MSS. 9420). Borlase mentions that the ruins of this chapel existed when he wrote.

§ This chapel was probably situate near the east end of the present assize hall. Licence for the celebration of divine service therein, saving the honour of the parish church, was granted by Bishop Stafford on 23rd May 140.") (Stafford's Reg. to. 75); which licence, with a similar reservation, was renewed by Bishop Lacy on the last day of September 1432 (Lacy's Reg. fo. 96).

II This chapel was situate at the west end of the town, on the south side of the street. No remains of it now exist. Borlase mentions the ruins as remaining in his time, and Lysons adds that they were visible within the memorv- of persons living at the time he wrote (1812). It has been the custom until lately for a funeral procession to salute the site in passing by lowering the head of the cofSn to touch the ground. Coffins in this neighbourhood, unless a hearse is used, are always can-icd by hand, and never on men's shoulders. Several graves containing skcletone have been discovered, also a stone coffin, nails, screws, &c. a brass pinnacle, and several coins. Some of the latter were worn quite smooth ; but one, a shilling of Queen Elizabeth (1582), is in good preservation.

By Indenture dated 13 July 1796, between Beuuet Michell of the borough of Bodmin, brazier, of the one part, and John Richards of the said borongh, yeoman, of the other part, after reciting a lease dated 6 Jan. 1748, granted by certain persons

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE GUILDS. 99

Holy Trinity. In Fore Street wore St. Da\id, and the Viryin. In Pool Street All Saints. In addition to the foregoing the following are found on record without their localities being given : viz. SS. Erasmus the Bishop, Martyn, James the Apostle, Mary Magdalene, Mary of Walsingham, Clar, Lcodgar, Gregory the Pope, Kathcrine the Virgin, Luke the Evangelist, Stephen, and James. Of Trades Guilds we find the following : SS. Peti-ock (skinners and glovers), Dunstan and Eloy (smiths), Aniana the Bishop (cordwainers — cordenerys ?), and St. Mai'tyn the Bishop (milwardys ?).

We shoidd also mention the chapel of St. Anne in the Wood * and the hospital and chapel of St. Anthony in Chapel Lane. We have no evidence that the latter was the seat of a guild, but the chapel was remembered standing by persons living in the beginning of the present century. Tlie site belonged to the maj-or and burgesses, who sold it under the Land Tax Redemption Act to a Mr. Bniy.f The old buildings have been removed, and a villa built on the spot, which is now the property and residence of Capt. Alms.

The most conspicuous among these guilds would appear to have been that of the Holy Rood at the Bery. This guild had a chapel witli a burial-ground annexed, and in the 17th Henry VIL the bretlu'en and sisters of the guild commenced the erection of a tower, which still remains, though in ruin, and, from its elevated situation, forms one of the most prominent objects in the town. Tlie accounts of the receijits and expenditure for the erection of this tower are preserved among the municipal records, and, like those for rebuilding the church alreadj- alluded to, are of considerable interest. They extend from the 12tli Sept. 17tli Henry VII. to the fith of Henry VIII. and are written on vellum in the manner of a roll, the receipts being recorded on one side and the payments on the other. The work seems to have been interrupted during the years 19th and 20th and 20th and 21st Henry VIL In those jenvs no money appears to have been received nor work done, and the accounts for the following year are imperfect.

The means adopted for raising the necessary funds were nearly the same as were used for rebuilding the church, already described. The other religious guilds of the town contributed annuall}' through their respective wardens, whilst money and articles of more or less value were

(the 12 men of Lanivet) to Nicholas Climo of Bodmin, cordwainer, for a term of 99 years, of three closes of land, formerlv one close only, situate on the west part of a liovsc licretofnrc called St. Leonard's chapel, formerly in the occupation of Nidiolas Menheniot, and then in the tenure of Thomas Dungay, as under-tenant of the said Bennct Michell, at the rent of 4/. l.Os. per annum, luul rei-itiug also another lease, dated 5 March 1787, whereby Josepli Edyvean, gent, mayor, and the burgesses of Bodmin granted to the said Bennet Michell all that one close of laud (then divided into two closes) ivherc formerly stood St. Leonard's chapel, for atemi of 99 years, if the said Bennet Michell, Ann Cole Michell liis wife, and Rose Michell their daughter so long should live, the said Bennet assigns the said leases to the said John Richards dming the remainder of the terms which the said Bennet had therein. (Assignment in possession of the author.) The above lease having expired, tlie corporation have let the site for building, and a row of houses ha.s been erected thereon called St. Leonard's Terrace.

In 30th Edw. I. (l.'iOl) Robert de Trewalla, of Cornwall, took sanctuary in the church of St. Leonard of Bodmin, and there confessed himself to be a robber, and abjured the kingdom in the presence of the coroner. Ass. Roll 30th Edw. I.

• At Dunmere there is a tenement called " St. Ann's Chapel Hcys," containing 22a. Or. 39p.

t Add. MSS. 9420.

100 PARISH OF BODMIN.

given by individuals, most of the inhabitants, apparently, taking a lively interest in the work, each

giving according to his or her means. Some of the gifts are cm'ious, e.ff.: —

s. d. Spoon of sylver of the yefte of Elizabeth Hancok, and soldo on to Harr.

Sleman ............ 3 11

Itm. rec. by the handes of Ste'syn March for a crokke of the yefte of

Alsyn Androwe, weyng 41'", ps the ti 2'' . . . . . 6 10

It. rec. a gurdell harneste w' sylver of the yefte of John Pauly of Seynte Laurens.

It. rec. by the hands of John Estcote for a cow is .skynne.

It. rec. by the hands of John Whyte for a pece of tjni of 3 qrtrs. of a ti.

It. rec. for 2 stray yowes goyng aboute the Berj', and noman awned them,

and proclaymed and sold for . . . . . . .0 11

It. rec. for 6ii of brasse soldo, the wich Margery Phylype gadered, and other, to the use of the workys of and in the Bery. Another source of income was found in an " Indulgence"* granted to the Bery by the Bishop of Exeter (Hugh Oldham). It is frequently alluded to in the accounts as the " Bery Pai'don," first under the 21st and 22nd Hen. VII. where we find fees paid to the bishop's officials for its exemplification, &c. and afterwards year by year are found receipts of money in respect to it. It appears that after the first year it was let to fai"m to one Nicholas Steere, and the rent is brought to account with some regularity.

In the 1st and 2nd Hen. VIII. we find the following entry : —

Itm. I paide to Harry Sleman for thendyng of toure and the batelments on the 14"' day of August in the secunde yere of the reigne of Kyng Harry the S"" . . 31' 8"' And in the margin occurs this note : —

The hole mesure fro the fundacon up -vmto the heyst of the batilments hit is 70 fote. Iteni I paide to Harry Sleman for the makyng of the pinaclysf the 18* day of September A" scdo Henri ci Oetavi, and for stoppyng of the pownde holes . . . 54'

* Under the ancient canon law of the Church persons gnilty of certain sins had to undergo certain penances, generally in public. In time the Chiirch changed her discipline in this particular, and the bishops had the right of granting a commutation of such penances to the truly penitent (" Confessis et vcre contritis ") upon the payment of a sum of money for the accomplisliment of some pious work, the performance of some act of charity, or even the saying of certain prayers in private. This lelaxation of the ancient canons our forefathers called a " pardon,' aud it is now known in the Roman Catholic Church as an " indulgence." In process of time great abuses crept into the practice of granting " indulgences." They were let to farm, as was the case in the Bery Pardon, and not dispensed with the care which was intended. Luther's declamations against the sale of indulgences was one of the more prominent causes which led to the Reformation of the sixteenth centurj-. Even do\vn almost to our own time, however, in the Church of England, it has not been unusual for persons to perfonu public penance for certain sins by standing clothed in a white sheet in the parish church during divine service, and very often the penance was bought off by the gift of a sum of money to the poor. This was a pardon or indulgence.

t There is a tradition that the pinnacles of Bery Tower were cut up for gutter stones when the vicarage-honse was erected. It is stated that the bishop authorised Mr. Dillon, then vicar, to remove as many stones as he pleased from the old tower for the purposes of the building; that the contractor pulled down and removed a great many, and then desisted, preferring to obtain them elsewhere.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY — THE FEEE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 101

The subsequent payments are for tlie " plaueliyng and the gustes for the three Acres," and general completion of the work, together with certain repairs within the chapel, e. g. " for the whytelym}"ng of the church and the mendyng of the bynches ther," and also " for the new payntj-ng of Sepite Cristofer."

When the chapel ceased to exist we have no knowledge. The foundations could be traced within memory. For many years the tower only has remained, the burial-ground being used as a meadow, and esteemed a part of the vicarage glebe until the yeai- 1859, when, a new burial- ground Ijeing required for the parish, this already consecrated and eligible site was selected, and adjoining lands purchased at a cost of about 350?. A portion was fenced and consecrated as a bui-ial-ground for the church, and the remainder conveyed to the trustees of the dissenting bodies for the same pui-pose. The whole expense amounted to somewhat more than 600Z.

Several of the above-mentioned guilds continued in existence until late in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

THE FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

In treating of the Chantry of St. John Baptist we have noticed that the certificate of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into Chantries, &c. 2 Edw. VI. testified that by the founda- tion of that chantry " the Prest is bouuden to teache yong children," and that there was a school then kept by Sir Nicholas Taprell, the chantry priest, and that he received a salary of hi. Gs. 8d., arising from the chantry lands, for the same. Sir Nicholas Taprell, being then 70 years of age, did not, it is presumed, long continue to keep this school ; and by grant, dated 7th July, 7 Edw. VI. the lands belonging to the chantry, out of which the schoolmaster was paid, were conveyed to William Necton and William Mingay in fee.

From this date, it is presumed, tlie school fell into abeyance until 13 EHz. when, upon the application of the mayor and burgesses, a stipend of 51. 6s. Sd. was granted, provisionally, (^guousque aliter assignaium fuerit). Subsequently the payment of the stipend appears in the Minis- ters' Accounts, but we have not been able to trace any further definite order or authority for the stipend, though it continued to be paid down to the death of Mr. Boor in the j-car 1835. It had been usual to augment this stipend by the payment of a salary of about 100/. either from the revenues of the town or by the patron of the borough for the time being.*

In consequence of the Municipal Act restraining the common council from applying the funds of the Ijorough to purposes of education the above-mentioned salary ceased, and no (qualified person offered to carry on the school for the royal stipend only. In 1850, however, arrangements were made for reopening the school, and the Rev. W. R. AV^illiams was appointed

* When the fee-farm rent of 51. 10s. payable by the town was sold to Mr. Boscawen some diflSculty seems to have arisen, though it was satisfactorily settled. We find in the Mayor's accounts for the year 1707-8 the following entry: — " P'' M' Town Clerk for his Expenses in going to Lauuceston and retm-ning from thence to settle the Scliolo Salary on the alienation of the Town Rent from her Ma'* to Hugh Boscawen, Esq', -lO*. in all. 18. 3. 4."

2d

102 PARISH OF BODMIN.

schoolmaster. Ujdoii application to the Treasury the payment of the stipend of 5/. 6s. 8d. was resumed, the only condition of payment being that a qualified person shall be appointed school- master, and liis appointment registered in the " Crown Lands Inrolment Ofiice."

The school was kept for a great number of years in the chapel of St. Thomas the MartjT in the chm-chyard, probably fi'om the restoration of the stipend in 1566. The crypt of this building was used as a charnel house. As early as 1583 we find in the accoimts of the receiver-general the following entry : "It. paide for caring owte the bones and robbell of the house vnder the scole howse, iijs. uijd." and we believe it was used for the same purpose until witliin a few years of 1835.

List of Schoolmastees.

1550. Sir Nicholas Taprell, chantry priest, aged 70.

1558-1581. John Jackson.

1581-1585. Richard Harvie.

1592-1625. Thomas Cole.

1629. Chi-istopher Vincent, licence dated 20th July, 1629.

1695. . . . Browning. (Mayor's Accounts.)

1700. Jaspar Wood, clerk, died 1716.

1706-34. William Pemiington, clerk, died 1738.

1734. John Fisher, clerk, licence dated 26th August, 1734, died 1776.*

1777. John Pickering, clerk, debenture appointment not enrolled.

1778. John Neale, clerk, December 23rd. 1781. George Corji;on, clerk, September 18th.

1789. Moses Morgan, clerk, January 8th, died 15th Jime, 1810. 1811. Joseph Fayrer, clerk, March 5th. 1818. Leonard Jarvis Boor, clerk, died 1835. 1850. William Eees Williams, clerk, M.A. 1853. Theophilus Clarke, clerk, B.A.

COURT OF PROBATE OF THE ARCHDEACONRY OF CORNWALL.

This court is now held at Bodmin. It was formerly at St. Neot, but about the year 1753 was removed to Lostwithiel. It was kept there but a few years, and in 1773 was transferred to Bodmin. In a diarj- kept by the late George Browne, of Bodmin and Trewardale, esq. who was at that time Registrar of the Archdeaconry Court, mider the year 1773, mention is several times made of the removal and arrangement of the records of the court.f

* 1776. Sept. 19. The Rev. Jlr. John Fisher, late schoolmaster at Boilmm, died this afternoon. (Mr. Browne's Diarv.) t 1773. May 1-t. This day the Archdeacon assured me his actuary in order to make one Register.

1773. June 3. At Lostwithiel, when the Records of the Archdeaconry of Cornwall were brought to Bodmin.

1773. June 25. The first Archdeacon's Court held at Bodmin.

This diary is in the possession of his descendant, the Rev. C. M. Edward Colins of Trewardale.

ECCLESIASTICAI; HISTOEY — COURT OF PKOBATE. 103

Tlie indices to the wills and administrations are kept alphabetically under parishes, and date from about the year 1570, but there are five wills, only, earlier than the seventeenth centiuy, and comparatively few earlier tlian 1600. From the year 1700 to 1800 there is a general Index Nominum, though not completed to the end of the alphabet. The records are now well kept, but they require careful re-assortment. Tlie loss of the earlier wills may, in some measure, be attri- buted to fi'equent removals.

There were until lately three places at which probates were granted for wills of persons dying in Cornwall, exclusive of the wills of those who died possessed of bona noiabilia, that is of estate of the value of 5?. beyond the diocese, which must be proved in the court of probate of the archbishop of the province, now the General Court of Probate in London. Of other wills, those of persons dying in either of the 176 ^ parishes in which the Archdeacon of Cornwall has exclusive jm-isdiction may be proved in the court of the archdeaconry, whilst those of persons dying in any of the 29^ parishes which are peculiars must be proved in Exeter, whether the pecu- liars ai'e within the jurisdiction of the bishop or of the dean and chapter. A separate court of probate existed at Penzance for the deanery of St. Burian, containing the three parishes of St. Burian, St Levan, and Sennen ; but this jurisdiction has recently been aboUshed, and the records of the court have been removed to Bodmin. All peculiars have been made subject to the Visitation of the Ai'chdeacon of Cornwall by the order of the Queen in Council gazetted 2nd Feb. 1848.*

The following names of registrars of the ai'chdeaconry court are noted : —

Obadiah Eej-nolds • . in 1G50

John Anstis in 1680, died 1692

Edward Sleech and William Cholwich, who, by deed dated 15th February, 1759, appointed John Bennett deputy registrai-f .... 1759

George Browne in 1773 ; died 1795

John WaUis died 1842

Preston Wallis died 1858

John Basset Collins ....... 1858

* Cornwall Register, p. 400.

The following parishes are peculiars in the exclusive jurisdiction of the Bishop: viz. —

St. Gcmians, St. Erney and Landrake, Lezant, Lawhitton, Southpetherwin and Trewen, Egloshaile, St. Brcock, St. Issey, Little Petlierick, St. Ervan, St. Eval, St. Merryn, I'adstow in Rure, Gerrans,

St. Anthony in Roseland, Falmouth, Budock and Gluvias, Myler, and Mabc 21J

The Dean and Chapter's peculiars are —

Bocounoc and Bradoak, St. Winnow, Peranzaliuloo and St. Agnes fi

TIic Dean of St. Biu-ian —

St. Burian, St. Levan and Sennen li

The divided parish is I'adstow, the portion withont the town being the peculiar of the bishop whilst the town itself is under the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.

f MicheU's History of St. Ncot, p. 7G. Miehell states that " the last registrar, previous to removal to Lostwithiel, (which was in 1753,) was John Bennett," bat this is scarcely recoucileable with the deed of deputation referred to in the te.\t, which is in the possession of Mrs. Squire of Bodmin.

104 PARISn OF BODMIX.

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIN.

Before we treat of this borough in particular it may be desirable to consider, very briefly, the oriffin and ancient character of such institutions.

The derivation of the name burgh or borough, as it is now called, is from the Saxon " byrig," "byrg," " burh," or, as it is still written in Germany, "burgh," as in Ham-burgh. It signifies a tower, a castle, a city, a place fortified by walls or mounds,* and may be taken as a place of strength and safety ,t guarded with privileges.!

Wc have considered in oui* Inti-oduction the ancient independence of the Saxon free-man in rm'al districts ; the urban popidation participated in the same pri^^leges, and were governed by similar municipal laws. Many of the large towns had charters conferi'ing special franchises as early as the tenth centurj' , and some of them had the franchises of sac and see, infangenethef and utfangenethef, tol and them, and their own system of fri^burgas or frank-pledge, § as we have seen was the case in important manors. One of the most significant privileges was that which constituted the "li/t-ig^' or ^^biirh'" a place of refuge for runaway serfs. |! The boroughs had their own gemots,^ as had the counties ; all buying and selling above the value of 20</. must be in the borough or port in tlie presence of the reeve,** and every vouching to waiTantry and every ordeal must be in the King's " burh."]] In fact, as select corporate bodies, they had an inde- pendence which, as individuals, the burgesses could not possess : their own gylds, or sworn brotherhoods — their own legal jiu-isdiction and com-ts with the means of enforcing their decrees — their own internal taxation — their own personal freedom — their own watch and ward ; never- theless, like their neighbours, they were subject to many servile dues and works, and were bound to attend the lord's courts. Moreover, beside these superior burgesses there must have grown up a popidation of an inferior order, who, though in many instances not personally unfree, must, from their poverty and necessities, have been subordinate if not sen"ile. These would be recruited from emancipated serfs, and serfs who had secured their freedom by fleeing to the town and eluding capture. Some of the former would, doubtless, become agricultural labourers, or obtain

* Ida built Bebbanbm-h (Bamborongh), which was at first inclosed by a hedge and afterwards by a wall. Sax. Chron. an. 517.

It is ordained l)y the laws of King JEthelstanc (I. 13), " that every ' Vurh ' be repaired li days over Rogation days;" and it is still the custom in many places, Bodmin inclnued, to " beat the bounds " at Rogation tide.

t If any one take refuge in a church, or in a "InirTt," and one then seek him to do him eyil, be those that do that liable in the same that is heretofore ordained. Edm. Laws, secular, 2.

J He who fights or steals in the king's "biirfi," or in his proximity, shall be liable in his life, unless the king will allow him to be redeemed by his jrer geld. Laws of Ethelred, VII. 15.

§ If the fr'ith-hriach be committed within a " hiirh," let the inhabitants of the burh themselves go and get the mtu-derers, liring or dead, or their nearest kindred, head for head. Eth. II. G.

II If any bondman shall have remained without claim for a year in onr cities or iurlis snrronnded with a wall, or in our castles, from that day they shall be made free men, and they shall be for ever free from the yoke of bondage.

•f And thrice in the year let the burh-" gemot" be held. (Edgar, secular, 5.)

*• That every marketing be within the port, .ffithelstan, I. 13. ft Ethehred, II. 6.

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIN. 105

land from the clergy; but the greater number, it is probable, took refuge in the " burhs," and resided there under the protection of the free burghers.*

Upon the Norman Conquest the conqueror, after reserving to his own use the lion's share distributed the manors and lands, together with many cities and towns, amoncT his military followers, to hold by military service as tenants in capite. The lands, however, held by the church generally escaped confiscation, and the municipal institutions of the cities and towns were not greatly interfered with ; but in the atmosphere of military power free institutions must have languished, and the towns, more especially the smaller ones, must have become, if they had not before been, seignorial ; " if there was watch and ward it was for the fortress, not for the towns- men ; toU there might be, but for the lord to receive ; jm-isdiction, but for the lord to exercise ; market, but for the lord to profit by ;'"t and the degree of happiness and prosperity of the com- munity would gi-eatly depend u]3on the personal character of the successive lords.

We have seen that most of the rural popidation was reduced to a state of villanage. Some- thing very nearly approaching it befel the urban inhabitants. Their freehold tenements, called by the Normans burgages, were reduced to a tenure essentially base ; and, though the owners were not, like rillans regardant and villans in gross, held to be personally unfree, yet they had generally no political rights, and were subject to taillage or tallage at the will of the King.

As under the Saxon rule the revenue of the crown had in comities been collected by the "gerefa," shire-reeve or sheriff, so in " bm-hs " and ports had the regulated imposts been received by the " burh-gerefa " or " port -gerefa " (borough-reeve or port-reeve) respectively, which officers were elected by the mmiicipality. On the Conquest, however, this ceased. Boroughs and ports became dependent upon the King or upon the military lords to whom the King had granted them, and bailiffs were appointed to collect the tolls, customs, and profits which arose from trade ; and these officers, being usually aliens, frequently exercised great oppression, especially in those cases in which, in boroughs still remaining in the hands of the crovra, the tolls, customs, and profits had been let at fee-farm. Nevertheless the towns prospered, and the inhabitants soon discovered that it would be to their interest to farm the boroughs themselves, and, by offering a larger rent, they made it also to the advantage of the lord; hence we find frequent charters granting boroughs to the burgesses at fee-farm rents which, so long as the rent was paid with punctuality, left the burgesses to manage their internal affairs in their own way. Tliey consequently more fully resumed their ancient mmiicipal organization, although it would appear that they were not permitted to call their chief officer by his former title of borough-reeve or port-reeve. He was still in effect the lord's bailiff, and accounted to the lord for the rents, and thus he became designated prepositus or minister, and afterwards adopting the Norman ai)])ellation, mayor.

The inhabitants of boroughs, however, still continued to be taxed at the arbitrary will of the sovereign in the same manner as the serf's on his demesnes, and this tax was usually one-third more than was levied by the Parliament of the tenants in capite. Tliis perhaps was not upon the

• Turner's Landed Property, &c. of the Anglo-Saxons, p. 142. t Kemble, Sa.xous in Kugland, Vol. II. 323.

2 E

106 PARISH OF BODillX.

wliole unreasonable, inasmuch as, in addition to the supplies, the latter had to render military service. As early as the reign of Henry III. the growing necessities of the state, and the increasing influence of trading communities, led Simon de Montfort to seek their influence in support of his rebellious proceedings, and representatives from cities and boroughs were sum- moned to his conventionary parliament. Tliis convention, however, never assembled; but in 22 Edward one step towards the appearance of citizens and burgesses in Parliament was taken by summoning the/ree tenants in the King's demesnes. The principle was now admitted ; for sucli burgesses as held their boroughs in fee-farm were in the position of free tenants of tlie crown. Accordingly we find that in the next Parliament, 23 Edw. I., the citizens and burgesses were duly summoned ; but they, together with the free tenants, sat apart from the earls, barons, and knights, acted sepai'ately, and made grants at difierent rates upon the principle above stated. They were summoned for no other purpose than to agree to the grant of the necessary supplies, and to aid in its collection witliin their several franchises.

Tliere can, we think, be no doubt that in the earlier Saxon period the whole community of free-men took part in municipal government ; but it is not inconsistent with this view that the local administration was vested in a select few, the probi homines, as they were afterwards called. Dr. Brady, a learned -writer of the last century on cities and boroughs,* held the opinion that from the time of the Norman Kings, who by charter created merchant-gylds in many boroughs, and gave the members many privileges with free liberty to trade without the payment of any toll or custom save their fee-farm rent in lieu of such tolls within their own boroughs, such gylds formed the governing bodies of such boroughs, which, he contends, always consisted of a select number different from the common burgesses, and that these associations constituted the commo- nalties or commimities frequently referred to in our records ; and he was of opinion that such bodies, as well as governing the town, exercised the municipal franchise of returning the burgesses to Parliament.

Dr. Brady's opinions have been strongly and somewhat successfully controverted in a late work of Mr. Homersham Cox,t who contends that in ancient times every inhabitant householder in boroughs had a common right in the election of the burgesses in Parliament until the creation of municipal corporations in the technical sense, the first charter for wliich was granted in the eighteenth year of King Henry VI.

We consider that between these opinions tliere is a mean. It seems not probable that mer- chant gylds, wliich were created for special purposes of a different nature, formed the governing bodies of boroughs ; but it does not follow that the administration of the internal affafrs of the borough was not vested by the bm-gesses in a select few of the most distinguished of their number, and that at the same time the burgesses in Parliament might have been elected by the voice of the whole body of inhabitant householders. Nevertheless we conceive such householders, unless they held tenements in biu'gage, could scarcely be held to be true burgesses, and this view seems to be supported by ancient charters, under which the privileges of boroughs were usually granted

* Historical Treatise of Cities and Boroughs. London, ed. 17V7.

t Antient Parliamentary Election, by Homersham Cox, M.A., Barrister-at-Law. London, 1868.

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIN. 107

to the burgesses and their heirs, that is those who inherited the burgage tenements. A mere householder could not have any heir in the sense in which the word is used. It is however manifest, that after the creation of select municipal incorporations great varieties of burgesses grew up, and exercised electoral privileges of a peculiar form, and continued to do so until the Reform Act of 1832.

We desire here to draw particidar attention to the fact, that in ancient times the persons elected as representatives in Parliament for cities and boroughs could only be resident citizens or burgesses of such cities and boroughs, and not strangers, nor the neighbouring country gentle- men. In the " Modus Tenendi Parliamentum," believed by the learned editor, Mr. Hardy,* to have been written between the years 1294 and 1327, (though Lord Chief Justice Coke and others have assigned to it a much earlier date,) as concerning the burgesses it is said, " In the same manner it used and ought to be commanded to the bailiffs and trustworthy men of boroughs (probis hominibus burgorum), that they should elect two fit, honourable, and experienced bur- gesses from among themselves, and for themselves, to come and be present at the Parliament in the same manner as has been said of citizens ; but the two burgesses used not to receive for their expenses more than ten shillings for one day, and sometimes not more than half a mark, and this used to be taxed by the court according to the greatness and the power of the borough, and ac- cording to the credit of the persons sent."t The same rule continued down to the time of King Henry VI., for we find a statute of the 23rd of that king's reign, f reciting an act of the previous reign, § which provided, " That the citizens and burgesses of cities and boroughs coming to the Parliament should be chosen men — citizens and burgesses resident, abiding, and enfranchised in the same cities and boroughs;" and adds to this recital, "The which citizens and burgesses, and no others, have at all times been chosen in cities and boroughs."

The writs for the election were addressed to the sheriffs, who sent their precepts to the mayor and burgesses to elect two burgesses to be their representatives in Parliament. The office in those days conferred no great honour, or power, and was not coveted either by the burgesses who were sent or by those who sent them. In many of the poorer boroughs persons could not be found, and, even if they could, the burden upon the town to send them to the Parliament and support them there was greater than could well be borne. Tlie sheriffs had the power to withhold the precepts, and frequently did so. Hence the returns, '■'■ non sunt plures hurgi in halliva mea." In Cornwall, 28th Hen. VI. burgesses were returned only for Launceston, Liskcard, Bodmin, Lost- witliiel, Truro, and Helston, and then follows : " Nullaj sunt eivitatcs infi-a ballivam meam, nee .simt plures burgi infra ballivam meam."||

The wages for the burgesses as mentioned above seem very large, considering the value of money in those days.^f It is doubtful whether so high a rate was usually paid in addition to

* Thomas Dnffus Hardy, Esq. now Sir Thomas D. Hardy, Deputy-Keeper of the Public Kecords. f Modus Tenendi Parliamentum. Published by the Commissioners of the Public Records, 1846. i 2;? Hen. VI. cap. 14. § 1 Hen. V. || Ectura, Brev. Pari. 28 Hen. VI.

1[ In 1 Edw. III. a precept was directed to the sheriff of counties and the bailiffs, &c. of boroughs for the pay- ment of the kni<;hts and burgesses who had attended the parliamem suninicincd by his predecessor to be held in the

108 PAEISH OF BODMIX.

travelling expenses, though there appears among the accounts of tlie Bodmin Corporation the following entry under 19 and 20 Henry VII. " Paid to Richard Watts and Joseph Smyth burgesses of the Pai'liament for tlie town, 13s. id. ;" but the record does not state how many days attendance the payment covered.

Bodmin is a town of great antiquity. It was the largest town in Cornwall at the time of the 1

Domesday survey, and the church of St. Petrock then possessed there 68 houses and a market.*

Municijial privileges although usually granted by the Crown were not always so, for, in respect to towns which were within the demesnes of the great barons, abbots, or priors, such privileges were frequently granted by the mesne lords, and afterwards, at tlie request of the lord, confirmed by royal charter. Such would seem to have been the case with Bodmin. We have no evidence of the date when such privileges were first conferred. The earliest notice we have of the borough is 1 Richard I. (1190) when the bui-gesses of Bodmene rendered an account of 46s. 2d.j- for release of pleas which were against them. In 3 King Jolm (1201) the town was amerced 10 marks for the escape of one Roger Morant, a fugitive.J It is clear, however, from the whole tenor of the records down to the time of the dissolution of the priory, that the prior was lord of the town, and every grant of privileges was made to the prior and convent and their burgesses.

We have seen that Richard, King of the Romans, Earl of Poictou, and Earl of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III., received from that monarch a grant of the whole county of Cornwall in fee. § The same Richard confirmed to the prior and convent of Bodmin all their lands, posses- sions, and liberties, together with the fishing in the waters of Alan, which King John, his father, had granted them ; and also granted to them that their burgesses in Bodmin shoidd be free and quit of customs and exactions throughout the whole of Cornwall, and that they should have a free merchant-gyld, as they then had, the said prior and convent paying a rent of forty shillings and forty pence. And that the said burgesses shoidd not be distrained in Coi-nwall for the debts of any one of their neighbours, imless they be debtors or sureties, and if it should happen that any one in Bodmin should have made forfeit in any place in Cornwall it was prohibited that any of the burgesses of the said town or their goods should be impeached for the fault of the defaulter, and if any one shoidd impede the said burgesses or their chattels against the prohibition, it was commanded that the sheriff of Cornwall, having taken bail that they wiU answer the law, should set at liberty them and their chattels. ||

Furthermore, it was granted that they should be free from all tallage as of the pure alms of the King's ancestors. And it was further granted that they might buy and sell all manner of

twentieth year of his reign. The rates allowed were : for the knights of the shires 4s. a-day , and for citizens and bnrgesses 2«. for sixty days in going, staying, and returning. In Cornwall the knights for the shire and the bnrgesses of Liskeard, Launceston, and Lostwithiel were paid at these rates respectiyely. The burgesses of Bodmin appear to have paid their own expenses while in attendance on this parliament. Close Rolls, 1 Edw. III. p. 1.

* See ante. f Great Roll of the Pipe, 1 Rich. I. J Assize Roll, Z John. § See ante.

II Confirmed upon Inspeximns by charter of King Edward I. dated 9th Sept. 1285. Vide Charter Rolls, 13 Edw. I. No. 8, m. 3.

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIN. 109

merchandize throughout nil the towns of Cornwall, and that if any one in the town should be presented to the guild merchant and should remain for a year and a day without contradiction, by tlie custom of the said town if any one should calumniate him, he should remain in the liberty thereof.

We find, with respect to the rent of 40 shillings and 40 pence reserved under the charter of Earl Richai'd, that an arrangement was made between Baldwin, then Prior, and the Eai-1. By a charter, without date. Prior Baldwyn and the convent granted to the Earl their manor of Trenou, with its appurtenances, or so much as lies between the manor of Trevemot and the manor of Boscpmi, in exchange lor the said rent, and for the woods of Kingswood and Kelewyth, saving to the prior and convent the tenths which, without the limits of the said manor, they were accustomed to have. They also granted to the Earl two acres of land in Trefelloc and the ser\"ice of one acre which Roger Pentet held of them in another Trefolloc of the fee of Tregaradoc, doing for the said three acres to Ingram de Grey royal service. The Earl, by a charter, also without date, but recited by inspeximus and confirmed in charter of 10 Nov., 48 King Edward III. (1374),* granted to the church of St. Petrock of Bodmin, and BaldwjTi then prior and the canons of the same serving God, and their successors, the said rent of forty shillings and forty pence which the burgesses of Bodmin owed, and also the woods of Kyngeswood and Kelliwithe, with all their appurtenances, to be held to the said prior and canons in the aforesaid church by the service of God, and to be free and c[uit of all secular service. A fine of twenty shillings was paid for the confirmation.f

The charter of Earl Richard granting the liberty was again confirmed upon inspeximus in the 6th Edw. II. (1313), upon the payment of a fine of forty marks.|

Two years afterwards we find a petition § fit'om the men of Lostwithiel to the King and Council, representing that the people of the town of Bodmin, by the procurement of the Prior of Bodmin, lord of the said toicn, to the great decrease of the King's profit, had petitioned parliament praying to obtain for the town of Bodmyn that the account should be kept there and the assemblies of the people for the said court, and likewise to have the coining of tin and the buying and selling there for their own advantage without regard to the profit of the King, to the great decay and impover- ishment of the town of Lostwithiel.

They represented that Earl Edmund, having regard to his great profit, had ordained that the pmx'hase of the tin of Cornwall should be made at Lostwithiel, and that he had caused to be ma<lo at great costs a great hall to servo to keep the accounts and for the assembling of the comers and resorters to the said town. Likewise another great house to lodge the tin coming from the mines of Cornwall, and in tlie said house there to weigh and coin ; with many other allegations of fraud and loss to the King. Tiie petition was referred to the auditors of petitions and it was ordered that, forasmuch as the town of Lostwithiel was the King's town and the t(n\ii of Bodnn'n the town of the Prior of Bodmin, it is more to the King's advantage tiiat the assembling of the county should be held in the King's town of Lostwithiel, as ordained by Edmund sometime Earl

* Pat. Rolls, 48 Eihv. III. p. L', m. 12. t Origiiialia Rolls, 48 Edw. III.

% Clmiter Rolls, G Eilw. II. m. 1, No. lOi. § Rolls of Parliament, Vol. I. p. 296a.

2 F

110 PARISH OP BODMIN.

of Cornwall, and had been always theretofore used, than elsewhere in the town of another, and it was so ordained by the King and whole Council accordingly.

In the ninth year of King Edward III. (1336), upon the paj-ment of a fine of twenty marks, the King,* upon inspeximus, confirmed the aforesaid charters of Eichard Earl of Cornwall, and King Edward I. and Edward II., and further granted to the prior, canons, and burgesses of Bodmin, that the said burgesses should be free to sell tin and wool, and all other merchandize, within the county of Cornwall for ever, and that the sheriflF of Cornwall for the time being should cause to be coined the tin of the said burgesses as he had theretofore been accustomed in the said town, and that the burgesses, their heirs and successors, should be quit of all kayage, passage, and toll by the whole county.

This chai'ter was dated at York, 4th Jime ; but, notwithstanding the pri^-ilege of coining and selhng tin granted thereby, the biu'gesses of Bodmin appear to have been interrupted and impeded in its exercise, for we find that in the 21st Edward III. (1347),t the men of Bodmin petitioned the King and Council, representing that, whereas it had been granted to them by the charter of the King, and by the charters of his progenitors, that they, their heirs and successors, might freely buy all manner of merchandize within the county of Cornwall, as well tin as other merchandize, and that they had been accustomed to do so from all time, until then of new the ministers of the Lord the Prince had disturbed tliem so that they could not buy nor coin any tin in any part of Cornwall on pain of forfeiture of the said tin and imprisonment ; they prayed the maintenance of their chai-ters. The petition was answered in full Pai'liament, that it was the will of tlie Prince to cause the tin to be uttered where it should please him.

In the third year of King Eichard II. upon the paj-ment of a fine of 115s. a charter was obtained, dated at "Westminster, 17th February (1380).]: In it is recited by inspeximus the charter of King John, previously referred to, and also tlie charters of Eichard Earl of Cornwall, and the privileges therein granted are confirmed, except that little clatise in the charter of King John, " prohibiting tliat they (the burgesses) sliould be impleaded for any tenement which they hold in their demesne, except before the King or before the Chief Justice ;" and in the first year of King Henry TV. a fui-ther charter, dated 25th January, 1400,§ was granted, which, after reciting by inspeximus the charters of Eichard Earl of Cornwall, 13 Edw. I., 6 Edw. II., and 9 Edw. III., confirmed all the liberties and franchises therein granted.

Another charter of confirmation of manors, lands, and Hberties was granted in tlie first year of King Henry V. (1413),|| and in the third year of King Henry VI. a further charter was obtained, which, after reciting by inspeximus the charters of King John, Eichard Earl of Corn- wall, and those of Edward I., Edward II., Edward III., confij-med to the prior and convent the privileges and franchises therein granted, with the exception of the little clause excepted in the chai-ter of Eichard IL as above, dated at Westminster, 14th November, 1424.^

* Charter Rolls, 9 Edw. III. Part 1, m. 16, No. 130. f EoUs of Pari. 21 Edw. m. toI. ii. p. 180.

t Pat. Rolls, 3 Rich. II. Part 2,m. 12. § Pat. Rolls, 1 Hen. IV. Part 8, m. 25.

II Pat. Rolls, 1 Hen. V. Part 1, m. 11.

^ Pat. Rolls, 3 Hen. VI. Part 1, m. 34. A charter to the same effect had been granted in the first year of this king's reign dated at Westminster on 5th Jnlv.

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIN. Ill

In the 3rd Edw. IV., upon the payment of a fine of 40s., another charter, dated at West- minster, 10th May, 1463, was obtained, which, reciting by iuspeximus the charters of King John, Edward I., and Richard Earl of Cornwall, confirmed the same, with the exception of the clause in King John's charter, to which reference is above made.*

In this condition the borough remained during the period which elapsed before the Reforma- tion. No further charter or immunities appear to have been granted, and the prior remained lord of the town, as parcel of his manor of Bodmin. It did not, however, continue in the flourishing condition which distinguished it in the fourteenth and eai"Iy part of the fifteenth centuries, when many wealthy burgesses were its inhabitants, but gradually fell into decay. The other towns in this county, and in other places, seem to have been in much the same condition. King Henry VIII., in the thirty-second year of his reign, attempted to remedy the evil by causing an Act of Parliament to be passed, intituled : — " For the Re-edification of Towns West- wards." Tlie act recites that, " For asmuche as in tymes past diverse and many beautifull houses of habitation have been within the walles and liberties of the boroughs and townes (named Bodman being one), which nowe are fallen downe, decayed, and at this tyme remajnie desolate and voide groundes, &c." it was provided that if the owners of such grounds on which decayed houses stood do not re-edify the same within three years, the lords of whom they are holden may enter and rebuild withhi two years next after ; and in their default persons having rent-charges thereout may enter and rebuild within one year then next ; and in their default the mayors of towns, &c. may enter and rebuild witliin tlu'ee years then next ; and in their default the first owners may re-enter as in their former estate.f Tliis act does not seem to have been calcidated to effect much good in Bodmin, and it did not, for the town has never recovered the importance it held in the fourteenth century. The surrender of the priory and its possessions, however, in some measure altered the status of the burgesses, who as tenants of the royal demesne enjoyed a higher degree of independence than when under the immediate control of a resident lord. More- over, the time soon arrived when the privileges which they had assumed were confirmed to tliem by royal charter.

On the 11th March, 5 Elizabeth (1562-3), a charter was obtained creating the burgesses a body corporate. The preamble is worthy of notice. It proceeds : " Whereas our borough of Bodmin is an ancient borough, and was parcel of the possessions of the late priory of Bodmyn, and the men and inhabitants of the borough have time out of mind held and enjoyed divers rights, juris- dictions, franchises, &c. as well by prescription as by reason of divers charters granted and con- firmed by our progenitors, Kings of England, to the priors and canons of the late monastery, &c. and the same borough, men and inhabitants have since, within time of memory (inde a tempore post hujusmodi memoriam) been governed by a mayor and 36 burgesses among themselves (de seipsis) from time to time elected ; and whereas the inliabitants, for their rule and better govern- ment, and the improvement of the borough, have humbly prayed us to make them (facere redigere et creare in corpus unum) a body corporate and politic."

It will be observed that, in addition to granting to the bui-gesses the rights and privileges

• Pat. Rolls, 3 E(iw. rV. Pari. 1, m. 15. f 32 Hen, VIII. cap. 19.

112

PARISH OF BODMIN.

which they had enjoyed of old time from grants made to the monastery, they prayed for the con- firmation of other pri-\Tleges which they had assumed loithin memory, that is after the inile and government of the j)rior had been withdrawn, and to be made, that which they were not before, a bod}' corporate, capable of holding lands, and of suing and being sued.

Accordingly it was granted that the town should be a free borough, and the inhabitants a body corporate, by the name of tlie mayor and burgesses of the borough of Bodmyn, in the county of Cormcall. That they should have a common seal, which they might alter when they pleased, and that there should be twelve men of the better and more honest burgesses, called capital bur- gesses and coimciUors, and other men of the more honest and discreet burgesses called capital biu-gesses, of the number of 24, which 24 and 12 should form the common coimcil for all tilings concerning the said borough, and the good order and government thereof (j)ro omnibus rebus, materiis, causis et negociis burgum jiredictum ac bomim regimen et guhernacionem ejusdem tan- gentibus seu concementibus), should assist the mayor, and make bye-laws, and order such punish- ments and penalties by imprisonment and fines for their infraction as be not contrary to the laws of England. It granted to tlie mayor and burgesses that they might have two oflicers, called sergeants-at-mace, for the execution of precepts, &c. ; and one ofiicer, called clerh of the mai'ket, with the same powers as the clerk of the market of the royal household. That they might have two burgesses of Parliament, to be chosen by the mayor and burgesses, and sent to Parliament at the cost of the borough and the commonalty of the same. It appointed Christopher Cocke, an honest man and inhabitant, to be the first modern mayor, to continue in oflice imtil 29th Septem- ber ; and Thomas Opy, Ealph Mj-tchell, John Hu^-t, Henry Braye, William Pascowe, Eichard Condye, Thomas Blighe, Thomas Kestell, "William Northey, Richai-d Corj-n, and William Ach)Tn, inhabitants, to be the first modern capital burgesses and councillors, and to continue during good behaviour; and Nicholas Bower, Nicholas Opye, Laurence Cocke, John Shyer, Henry Cock, William Prowte, Thomas Androwe, Jolm Harries, Thomas Veale, Jolm Edge, Ralph Newall, William Morcombe, John Gyans, Edward Andrye, Stephen Stappe, Tliomas A^'yce, Nicholas Cory, Eichard Trelawuye, George Pasce, William Hewit, Jolm Pyper, Ralph Castell, Eobert Hartwell, and John Tiu-nley, the first modern capital burgesses.

It appointed the mayor to be clerk of the market, and assigned a certain house, called the Hall House, to be the common hall and council house, wherein the mayor and burgesses should hold their meetings, and on Michaelmas Day name two capital burgesses or councillors before the other inhabitants of the borough, being there pi'esent, whereof the inhabitants should elect one to be mayor for the year ensuing, and until another be duly elected and sworn. Makes provision for filling up vacancies arising fi-om death in the number of capital burgesses and for tlie election of the serjeants-at-mace ; gives authority for the perambulation of the boundaries and for a court of record every Monday three weeks before the mayor and common cler/cfor the time being, called the iotcne clerk, as has before been accustomed in the said borough. It authorised them to hold all manner of pleas, actions, &c. for wrongs, &c. and for debts and reple^-ins, &c. under 201., and all actions real and personal. The serjeants-at-mace to serve and execute all attachments and panels of juries, (Sec. No burgess to sue another or any inhabitant in any com't out of the borough, the

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIX. 113

mayor and burgesses to have view of frank-pledge, and tlie return of all writs. The sheriff not to enter without the permission of the mayor. It granted them tlie goods of felons, assise and assay of bread, wine, and ale, and other victuals, and also of weights and measures, with the fines, &c. thence arising. It granted, moreover, a market on Saturday and two fiiirs, one on the feast, eve, and morrow of St. Nicholas the Bishop, and the other on Wednesday before the feast of Pente- cost, and on the Tluirsday and Friday following ; and also a court of pie-powder, with stallage, picage, fines, amerciaments, &c. No stranger out of the liberty to sell any merchandise within the liberty except in gross, or during the fairs, under pain of forfeiture. The burgesses to be free of toll, passage, pontage, murage, pannage, picage, anchorage, coverage, wharfage, cranage, quayage, stallage, and lastage for all their own goods throughout the whole county. No commis- sioners to hold musters within the borough without special license. For their better support the mayor and burgesses were authorised to hold, without license, manors and lands not held of the Crown in capiie, or by military service, not exceeding the annual value of 40/., notwithstanding the statute of mortmain. No currier, tanner, or other person, living without the borough, or in any other corporate town, should buy within the town any raw hides under pain of forfeiture. For all these privileges the mayor and bui-gesses were to pay at Michaelmas in each year for ever a rent of 5Z. 10.*.*

It appeal's from a document among the municipal archives that, in the year 1563 a dispute arose between the Corporation of Bodmin and that of Liskeard, respecting certain payments claimed by the Mayor of Bodmin. An award was made by John Trelawny, Richard Chamond, Harry Chiverton, and Robert Treweek, Esquires, that thenceforward every burgess of Liskeard who held a shop in Bodmin should pay by the year xij <l as a shop-fine, and a further jiayment of sij ^ towards the levy of the fifteenth which the town of Bodmin had to pay. On these conditions the burgesses of Liskeard were made free to buy and sell in all markets and fairs in which stranger's had been accustomed to sell their wares.f

After an experience of thirty years, the charter, of which we have given an alistract abo^e, was found to be, in some respects, difficult to work. Accordingly, upon the representation of the mayor and biu'gesses tliat it was partly imperfect and invalid, and partly uncertain and ambiguous, a new charter was granted, dated at Westminster 30 April, 3Gth Elizabeth (1504).

After several recitals fi'um the former charter, it confirmed all former grants upon the payment of the farm rent of 5/. lOs. per annum. It granted to the mayor and thirty-six capital burgesses, being the common council, with the common clerk, the power of electing one honest and discreet man of the twelve councillors then living within the borough to be mayor, who shoidd be sworn before his last predecessor, in the presence of the thirtj-xi.u, or the major part ;

* In the Accounts of the Receiver-General of the town 10 Elizab. wc find —

Item paid Xp'fer Walker the xix .laiiuari last for hys payne.s and sewte in the E.\chequer to discharge the mayor and hurgeanx at Mighclmas temi then last paste off the fee farm off the townc off Bodtn}^ and arrearages there oil' from the date of the new charter, w"" vj" viij payd vnto the auditor for his hand to a constat, and for other charges there off as appcarcth by his bill there off (Amount torn off.)

f The original award is jircscrved among the nnmicipal archives of Liskeard, l)nndlo 5. There is also a fragment of the duplicate at Bodmin.

/

114 PARISH OF BODMIN.

tlie election to take place on tlie 24th September in every yeai" for the year ensuing. It also confirmed to the same parties the power of electing all otHcers and ministers whatsoever as they had been accustomed to have, and made provision for filling up vacancies in ease of death, and gave to the same parties the power of electing the burgesses in parUament. It also conferred upon them the privilege of a Court of Record to be holden every Monday, extending to all causes not exceeding 100/., with power of adjournment, and provided that no inhabitant without the borough should sell, or expose for sale, any merchandize witliin it except in gross, or during fairs, without the leave of the mayor, common clerk, and common council, under pain of forfeiture.

It further granted that the mayor and common clerk, and the last predecessor of the mavor, for one year after his mayoralty, should be justices of the peace, but not to try capital offences witliout special sanction ; and precluded the justices for the county from having any jurisdiction within the borough. The mayor to be coroner. The free burgesses resident within the borough not to be liable to serve on juries without the borough except for lands without the borough ; and granted a fair on the feast of St. Paul, and on the eve and morrow of it, with a court of pie-powder.

Such are the deviations from the previous charter. It did not, however, produce concord in the borough. In the year 1(335, on the appointed day, the 24th September, one Otlio Stapp was elected mayor, and took the prescribed oaths. At which time also one John Ferryman, gent, an attorney, was chosen town clerk, but he refused to take the oatlis, saying that he had been previously sworn, and would hold the office of town clerk during all his life. A furious quarrel arose. The mayor summoned a meeting of the common council, at which he represented that the said Ferryman was very unsafe to be continued in the office of town clerk, alleging that, when he was previously town clerk and justice he had broken the peace by quarrelling and fighting, and that he had been indicted for perjury and other misdemeanours, whereupon the said Ferryman was removed from his office, and one Thomas Hoblyn, counsellor-at-law, was elected in his stead, and took the oath. A short time afterwards, a court having been svimmoned to be holden in the town hall. Ferryman and his adherents among the council assembled at the door, and, without waiting for the mayor, broke open the door, and the said Ferryman took the usual seat of the town clerk, and, when the mayor and Mr. Hoblyn together with divers of the chief bur- gesses arrived, the said Ferryman would not remove from the town clerk's seat, nor would he and his adherents sufiTer the mayor to proceed to hold the court or to speak by reason of the obstreperous noise and clamour which they made. Whereupon the mayor, together with die chief burgesses, to avoid further outrage and breach of the peace, left the hall, when Ferryman and his adherents removed the mayor from his office, and on the 29th of the same month appointed one Wilham Stone to be mayor, who was sworn to execute the office of mayor, and who apjjointed Ferryman to be town clerk.

A representation of these circumstances was made to the Fri\'y Council, setting forth the disorder wliich existed, and praying, that speedy com-se might be taken for well ordering and settling the government of the town, alleging that, until the differences in question were allayed, the money (some 801. odd) which the borough had that year to contribute towards the building of

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIX. 115

Ilis Majesty's ships could not be levied, and praying that Stone and Ferryman might be sum- moned befoi'c the council to answer for their proceedings.

Tlie matter was brought before the Star Chamber on 25th Jaimary, 1636, whereupon it was ordered that Otho Stapp, having been duly elected and sworn mayor, should be established pro tempore, and that Thomas Hoblyn should be confirmed in the office of town clerk, also pro tempore, until further order from the council ; and the said Stapp and Hoblyn were charged to exercise their respective offices faithfully, notwidistanding Stone and Ferryman and their adherents ; and it was further ordered that a messenger be dispatched to bring Stone and Ferryman before the board, and Stapp was required to send up some person well instructed in the business, with proofs and testimony to make good the contents of the petition.

It is presumed that during the national calamities arising out of the great rebellion, when both church and crown were trampled in the dust, local quarrels were forgotten, but we find that very soon after the Restoration grievous disputes and contentions again arose. Among tlie muni- cipal ai'chives is a paper entitled " Articles, &c. About Bodmyn Men's Madnesse," from which it appears that on the 24:th Sept. 1668, one Richard Manaton, just elected mayor, rescued from the constables one Theodore Provost, a churchwarden, and Robert Warne, a constable, who had been that day committed by the town clerk and the preceding mayor, John Dagg, then justice, for refusing to execute a warrant to levy twenty shillings each on sev'cral persons that sold ale without licence, contrary to the statute 3 Ch. I.

The town clerk and ex-mayor thereupon petitioned the lord chief justice to redi'ess their grievances, alleging that not only had the defendants broken the law but had also so slandered their neighbours that they could not live quietly, and had admitted strangers into the guild-hall, who made such vociferous noise that the town clerk and aldermen wei'e obliged to leave in order to avoid a breach of the peace. A mandamus was obtained.* The parties thereupon settled their differences, as appears from a paper endorsed " Fi'oposals offered and Proposals answered," wliich is curious as an illustration of the subjects which occupied men's minds at that time.*

A few years later great political contentions arose between the Court and the Country party. The city of London made itself obnoxious to the King, and in 1683 a writ of quo warranto was issued to inquire by what authority they exercised certain functions and levied certain imposts. It was argued by Treby and FoUexfen, that, however much individuals might err and become personally amenable to punishment, a corporate body could do no wrong ; and that throughout the whole of English history, with the exception of the arbitraiy and unjust dissolution of tlio monasteries, no instance could bo found of a corporate body, which was intended to ha\e per- petual duration, being annihilated for the temporary faults of some of its members. The judges, however, declared the charter to be forfeited, but the King immediately offered to restore it, reserving to himself the right of exercising a veto uj)on the election of the chief officers, yet leaving generally the franchise untouched.

These proceedings created considerable alarm among the corporate bodies tlu'ougiiout tiie kingdom, and many of them were induced to surrender their charters upon the promise of having

• Bodmin Register, p. 32G.

116 PARISH OF BODIIIX.

them granted anew. Tlie chief object seems to have been the acquisition by the Crown of an influence in the return of citizens and burgesses to parliament. Bodmin, it is presumed, was one of the towns whicli at this time yielded to the pressure.

A new charter, dated at Westminster on the 27th March 1685, was granted at the instance of John Gran-yiUe, first Earl of Bath of tliat house.* After reciting the surrender by tlie mayor and burgesses of their fi-anchises to him, or to his brother King Charles II. , and the King being satisfied of his own knowledge that the burgesses had acted faithfully to his most dear father in the war against the worst of rebels, whereby they incurred very great loss, he makes the borough a fi-ee borough, and the inhabitants a body corporate, under the name of the mayor and burgesses, and authorised them to elect a recorder, a mayor, twelve capital burgesses or aldermen and councillors, a town clerk, and ten burgesses as assistants to the common covuicil. The Earl of Bath was made the first recorder, with power, during pleasure, to appoint a deputy learned in the law, and the common clerk. Francis Blight, gent., was appointed mayor, to continue in office until 24th September following ; and Edward Hobh-n, Nathaniel Lugger, Hugo Hobbs, Mathew Parsons, Humfrey Williams, Francis Blight, John Dagg, Tobias SchoUar, John Littleton, John Stone, Christopher Fowler, and Robert Drew, gentlemen, inhabitants, the first capital burgesses or aldermen and councillors. And John Smyth, William Brabyn, Christopher Pennington, Thomas May, William May, Roger Hamly, John Carpenter, John Pen- nington, Peter Jewell, and Thomas Hawkin, junr. gentlemen, inhabitants, the first capital bur- gesses of the number of ten, assistants to the common council. But the most remarkable provision was that John Earl of Bath, John Earl of Radnor, Charles Lord Lansdown, Bodville Lord Bod- min, Richard Lord Arundell, Charles Lord Mohim, and Hender Robertes, Francis Robertes, John Arundell of Trerice, Esq", Sir Jonathan Trelawny,t Bart., Sii" Rich. Edgcombe,t Knight of the Bath, then sheriff" of Cornwall, Sir John Molesworth, Knt., Nicholas Glyn of Glyn, Esq., Humfrey Courtne}-, Esq., Jonathan Rashleigh, Esq., William Sylly, Esq., Nicholas Courtney, Esq., William Coriton, Esq., John Glynn, Esq., John Mounstephen, Esq., and John Hobl}-n, Esq., were made free burgesses, with the power, together with the mayor, to the exclusion of the capital burgesses, to elect the two burgesses in Parliament which were granted by the same charter. The mayor was to be elected on the 24th September by the mayor and twenty-two capital bur-

* We find the following entries in the accounts in connexion with this charter 1681-3, Ffran. Blight, mayor —

£ s. d.

GiTen M' John Hoblrns man for coming from Stow with orders from my Lord of Bath 10 0

1" for our expenses at Plymouth when we went to wait on my Lord of Bath in order to the charter 4 5 9

Given my Lord of Bath's Secretary 10 0

I'^ Xtopher Dagge for going to Exon for the charter and the carriage of it from Okehampton to Lost- k.

withiel ten shillings, in all 15 0

Gircu M' Courtney for liis paines about the charter 2 3 0

P"" M' John Hoblyn to buy a piece of plate as a gratuity for his great paines and expenses in soliciting

about the charter 5 0 0

t The second baronet of that house, and father of the celebrated bishop successively of Bristol, Exeter, and Win- chester, one of the seven prelates committed to the Tower by James II.

J Sir Richard Edgcumbe of Monnt Edgcombe, created Knight of the Bath previously to the coronation of Charles 11.; died 1688.

THE BOROUGH OF BODMIN. 117

fi;esses, with the recorder or bis dcpufy and the common clerk, or the majority of them, out of the twelve aldermen, he being an inhabitant. There was another remarkable provision resen'ing* a power of removing any mayor, or other of the persons now named, or hereafter to be elected or appointed, " at our pleasure, by the mere order of our Privy Council." And tliat there would have been no hesitation in the arbitrary exercise of this extraordinar}' power is manifest from a letter addressed by the Earl of Bath to the town clerk for the information of the mayor within a month from the date of the charter, in which letter, after congratulating the mayor upon the grant of the charter, he adds : " As for your members in your said charter, they are all of the nomination of your agents, and if I am misguided therein to name any unfit person, upon your intimation thereof I will move his Majesty for his reraovall." He further says, with reference to the return of burgesses to Parliament, " I shall recommend to yoiu- choice, for one of yom' burgesses, a gentle- man of quality well known to you all, and that hath a good estate amongst you and elsewhere in our county, and a very good Protestant, my brother Sir Peter Prideaux,t barronett, hoping that you will regard this as the first request of your recorder, especially when other townes, without my seeking, have freely offered me the recommendation of both their burgesses, wher I have been less acquainted : but for your other burgess I doe entirely leave the same to yourselves, not doubting that you will make a good choice in a person of your owne country, after my exam])le."

Strange to say, the noble recorder, notwithstanding his power and influence, did not succeed in returning his nominee.

In what manner the charter of 1 James II. was annulled at the time of the Revolution, and the surrendered charter of 36 Elizabeth restored, the writer has no information ; but legal advice appears to have been taken on the subject,| and the charter of Elizabeth continued the governing charter of the borough until late in the last century. It has been noticed that this cliarter jtrovides that the free biu'gesscs should be elected in the presence of the mayor, the thirty- six capital burgesses, and the common clerk, or the major part of them. This clause led to the dissolution of the borough. Great contentions arose among the members of the corporate body, and as vacancies occurred the manoeuvres of party prevented them from being filled up, on account of the major jMrt not being present to make a legal court; so that at last, on the death of AVilliam Pennington, Esq. in 1789, the whole number of burgesses became reduced below the requi- site majority of nineteen, the corporation became extinct, and Bodmin ceased to exist as a muni- cipal borough for nine years. Dm'ing this interval the county justices exercised jurisdiction, but

* "Proviso semper ac plenain potestatem ct authoritatcm noliis hei"c<lil>us et successoribus nostris per presentes reser- vniaus (Ic temjjore in tenipus ct ad omnia teinpora imposteruni ad miijoiom, deputiitum niajoris, recordatorem, dcputatiun rccordatnris, Cdnimnncm clerioiun, ot aliriucm vel aliquos de l)m-gcu.silius liiirgi picdicti \>0T presentes noniiuatos ct consti- tntos vcl imposteruni nonjiiiandns ct cligendos ad lil}ituin ct licne placituni nostrum licrcdum vel successonnn nostrorum per aliiincm ordinem nostrum heredum vel succcssorum uostronuu in privato concilio factum et sub sigillo privati concili' prcdicti cisdem respective signifieatum ad amovcndum et amotnm et amotos esse declaraudum."

t Sir Peter Prideaux of Netherton, tliird baronet. lie married the Lady Elizabeth Granville, daughter of the famous Sir Bevil Granville of Stow, knt. and sister of the Earl of liiith. £ .f. rl.

* PJ M' IIobljTi for S"- George Trebyes advice on y" Charter 2 3 0

(Mayor'.s Accounts.) 9 Oct. 1706. Spent in searching the Charter 0 3 0

2 n

118 PARISH OF BODMIN.

burgesses still continued to be returned to Parliament by the survivors of the corporate body, the senior alderman acting as returning officer.

Through the influence of the last Lord Camelford of Boconnoe a new charter was obtained, dated at Westminster 27th Aug. 1798. In the new corporation were included all the surviving members of the old body, Walter Raleigh Gilbert of the Priory, Esq., being appointed under it the first mayor. It is a very long charter in English, engrossed on eleven skins of vellum, and follows very closely the charter of Elizabeth, upon which it was foimded. It was prescribed that the body corporate shoidd consist of twelve capital burgesses and councillors, and twent\--four other men who should be called capital burgesses, which twelve and tsventy-four it was directed should be called the common comicil. The twelve persons nominated as capital burgesses and councillors, so long as they should behave themselves, were W. R. Gilbert, Thomas Hall, M.D., Joseph Edyvean, Jolm Pomeroy, William Hamley, William Flamank, D.D., John Pomeroy clerk, John Edy\'ean, Nicholas Phillips clerk, Edmund Gilbert clerk, Francis John Hext, and WiUiam Burrows. The twenty-four capital burgesses were — George Hunt, Esq., Thomas Stone, Philip Deacon, Jonathan Fry, Edward Truscott, Digory King, Samuel Spiller, George Wills, Samuel Hext, John Belling, John Renorden, Lewis Rescorla, Robert Edyvean clerk, John Jewell, John Cradock, Richard Bligh, WiUiam Popham, Nicholas Cradock, Thomas Eyre, Tliomas Gatty, John Flamank clerk, John WaUis, William Ough, and Richard Arthur; and Charles Raslileigh, Esq. was appointed the first town clerk, and the mayor for the time being clerk of the market. To the mayor, the thirty-six capital burgesses, and common clerk was given the power of electing the mayor, town clerk, and bm"gesses in Parhament, and of filling up all vacancies in the number of the corporate body. Any who refused to serve might be fined. A Court of Record might be held every Monday- before the mayor and town clerk, or one of them and the deputy of the other, at which might be held all manner of pleas not exceeding 100^. The mayor might appoint two sergeants-at-mace for executing proclamations, arrests, &c. No sheriff to enter without leave. The corporation was granted, to the use of the community, all waife and chattels of felons, and the assize and assay of bread, wine, ale, &c., and of measures and weights. A Saturday market and tliree fairs : 1st, on St. Nicholas' day, and eve, and morrow : 2nd, on Wednesday before Pentecost, and Thursday and Friday following ; 3rd, on the Feast of St. Paul's Conversion, and eve, and morrow. Mayor to be coroner. And tlie corporation was empowered to hold manors and lands not exceeding the yearly value of 40/., but not m capite ; in considera- tion of which, and the other privileges granted by the charter, which oiu- space will not allow us to advert to in more detail, the mayor and burgesses were to pay the ancient fee-farm-rent of bl. 10s. annually into the exchequer.

This charter is said to have been drawn by Mr. Rashleigh, the then town clerk, and settled by Sir Vicary Gibbs, at that time Attorney-General.*

At the time of the Reform Act of 1832 Bodmin retained its two burgesses, but the town had incorporated with it for parliamentary purposes the adjoining parishes of Helland, Lanivet, and Lanhjdrock. The Act of 1 868, however, deprived it of one of its representatives without altering the boundaries of the parliamentar\- borough.

* Bodmin Reg. p. 180.

HISTORICAL INCIDENTS. 119

HISTORICAL INCIDENTS.

Our notice of historical occurrences connected witli tlie town of Bodmin must necessarily be very brief; nevertheless, it may be of interest to mention a few incidents of some importance, not elsewhere alluded to, though not entirely local ; and, in other cases, to show the effect upon the town of great political and social changes.

The inhabitants of Cornwall have been somewhat forward in times of excitement to assert by force what they believed their rights. This has been exemplified by corn riots and other popular demonstrations. Tlie earliest rising, however, which assumed any political importance, was that in 1497, for the purpose of resisting the collection of a subsidy by King Henry VII. The original leaders in this insurrection were Thomas Flamank, said to be a lawyer, and Michael Joseph, a blacksmith, both of Bodmin. Having led the Cornish insurgents into Somersetshire, they were joined, at Wells, by the Lord Audley, and proceeding to London, for the purpose of delivering their petition to the King for the removal of his councillors, they were defeated at Blacklieath, after showing great personal bravery, with the loss of 2000 men. The Lord Audley, Flamank, and Michael Joseph were taken prisoners. The former was beheaded on Tower Hill, and the two Cornish men hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn, on the 24th June, 1497*

In the month of September following, Bodmin again became the scene of excitement and the seat of a new insurrection. The unfortmiate personage known in history as Perkin Warbeck arrived in Whitsan Bay from Ireland, and, proceeding to Bodmin, caused himself to be there proclaimed Richai-d IV. King of England. A l)ody of 3000 men flocked to his standard. Placing himself at the head of this force, after sending his wife to St. Michael's Mount for safety, he marched into Devonshire and laid siege to Exeter. The citizens defended the place with great bravery, and the enemy having burnt North-gate, and forced an entrance into East-gate, even as far as Castle Lane, was gallantly foiled and driven back with great slaughter. f Hearing of the approach of the Royal Army, Perkin raised the siege, and afterwards fell into the King's hands. After having been subjected to much contumely he was eventually hanged at Tyburn in 1497.

It appears from the accounts of the Receivers-general for the year ending on the feast of St. Francis, 24 Hen. VII., that a certain Thomas Vaughan had slain one John George, and had escaped. There is an acknowledgment of the receipt from one Peter Bowden of the sum of iij ^ iiij ''. in part payment of the rent-charge which William Vaughan, brother of Thomas, had granted unto divers men upon his brother's escape, for permitting which escape the mayor and burgesses were subjected to a fine of 100s. to the crown. In respect to this crime we find the following items : —

Item. I-paide and p'yn to John Walshe is suantcs when they had deliued

puy scale to Maier vppon the fyne for escape of Thomas Vaughan . xij'

It. I-paide to the Maier for his Costys to ryde to Truru for the payment

of the C to John Walshe ........ xij''

• The King was once in mind to have sent down Flanimock and the Idaiksniitli to have been executed in Cornwall for the more terror; but, being advertised that the country was yet unquiet and boiling, he thought better not to irritate the people further. — (Lord Vernlam's Life o£ Henry VII., Kennet's Collection, vol. i. p. 619.)

t Oliver's History of E.\eter, p. 86.

y

120 PARISH OF BODMIN.

On lltli May, 1519, Eichard Lathian of Bodniin was granted a pai'don* for the murder of his groom, Henry Eawljn, it having been proved before Jolm Gh'ii, coroner, that tlie said Henry provoked the said Eichard, who struck him with a " smj-thes ladell."

The Commissioners for the Town of Bodmin for coUecting the great subsidy granted in 1523 on account of the war with France were : the mayor, Thomas Trott, John White, Jolm Trelygh, Eobert Stergyn, and John Glyn.f

Again in 1549 in Bodmin was formed the nucleus of an insurrection in the West, which, combined with a similar rising in the North and in other parts of the country, threatened to sh'angle the Eeformation in its cradle, and which, if successfid, would have changed the whole tenor of English history. There can be no doubt that the proceedings of Henry YIII. in the suppression of the religious houses, and the policy of his successor in encouraging the inclosm-e of waste lands, were exceedingly unpopular, generally, among the people. Great disturbaiices occurred in various parts of the coimtiy. Eesistanee was oflPered everywhere. The men of Cornwall were not backward. At the summons of Humplu'ey Arundel of Heliand many gentlemen of family and estate and many stout yeomen assembled at Bodmin, Henry Bray, the mayor, being one of the chief leaders. Hence they marched into Devonshire, whither Lord Eussell had been sent to suppress them. He, however, was more inclined to treat than to fight. The Cornish men embodied their demands in fifteen articles, which Eussell pledged himself to lay before the King and Council. The first seven, in substance, contained a demand for the restoration of the old religion, and that the new serrice " should be laid aside, which the memorialists stated was like a Clu-istmas game." The other ai-ticles required that Dr. Moreman, vicar of Menheniot, should be sent to them. Cardinal Pole made of the King's council, that every gentleman should have only one servant for every 100 marks of rent, that half of the abbey lands s'hould be taken back and restored to two of the chief abbeys in every county,J and that for their particular grievances they should be redressed as Humphrey Arundel and Heniy Bray, called the King's Mayor of Bodmin, § should inform the King, for whom they requested a safe-conduct.

Tlie insurgents besieged Exeter, which the citizens defended with great bravery for thirty-five days, II though they were reduced to the necessity of eating their horses.^ The rebels were eventually defeated on Clifton Heath on 7th Aug., and piu-sued with great slaughter to Launces" ton. Arundel, Sir Thomas Pomeroy, the mayor of Bodmin, and other leaders, though they escaped for the time, were subsequently arrested and sent before the council, and were afterwards executed. The royal army under Sir Anthony Kingston, the Provost Marshal, pursued the flying Cornish men into the county, and with gross treacheiy, breach of hospitality, and brutality, hanged Nicholas Boyer (who had been elected mayor of Bodmin in succession to Bray, and who had also been present at the battle of Clifton,) before his own door.**

During the rebellion of the seventeenth century, the exposed situation of Bodmin and its

* Pat. Rolls, 11 Henrr YUI. part i. m. 22. f State Papers, Dom. 1523.

J Bamet's Hist, of the Reformation, vol. ii. 116. § Strype's Memorials, vol. i. p. 186, and App. 113.

II Oliver's Hist, of Exeter, p. 97. % JIaclean's Life of Sir Peter Carew, p. lix.

** For an interesting detail of these transactions see a paper in the Journal of the Kov. Inst. Cornwall, No. III. 36.

HISTORICAL INCIDENTS. 121

central position led to its frequent occupation by each of the contending parties in quick succession. Tlie King raised liis standard at Nottingham on 25th August 1(342.* In the month of September Sir Ralpli Hopton, with a small force of 120 horse, marched into Cornwall, and was immediately joined by Sir Bevil Grrenville, who conducted him into the western parts of the county, as being the best affected to the royal cause, the eastern parts being much influenced by Sir Alexander Carew of Antony and Sir Richard Buller, then knights of the shire in Parliament.f

In the beginning of November, Sir Ralph Hopton being at Pendennisat the head of 500 men, " a body of 500 or 600 fishermen, with their wives, armed with spits, clubs, and stones, in a violent and rustic manner attacked Bodmin and plundered the inhabitants of all their jilatc and pewter."!

In the month of January 1642-3 Bodmin was the head quarters of Sir Ralph Hopton, whence, on the 19th January, he marched out to meet the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, over whom he obtained a complete victory on Bradoke Down, and chased him out of the county with the loss of 1,250 prisoners, most of his colours, and all his cannon. Through the moderation of the General there was but little bloodshed, so that the Parliamentai'y troops designated Cornwall as " the land of mercy. "§ This success made the King master of the county.

An effort was now made by some of the Cornish gentry attached to the Parliament to establish a treaty, having for its object the preservation of the peace in the counties of Devon and Cornwall. Such a tteaty was actually entered into, and was confirmed by the most solemn oaths ; but the Parliament would not allow of it, and speedily took means to break uj) the pacifi- cation. In the month of April the Earl of Stamford entered Cornwall with a large body of horse, and took up a position near Stratton. Hopton, with such force as he had at his disposal, was at Launceston, and the fii^st object of the Parliamentary general was to prevent reinforcements from reaching him. Accordingly, Sir George Chudleigh, with a considerable body of horse, was despatched to surprise Bodmin, and pi-event the sheriff from marching with the trained bands to join the King's army. On the 5th May Sir Ralph Hopton and Sir Bevil Gren\-ille, with a force of 3000 men, attacked Lord Stamford on a hill near Stratton, and, notwithstanding the disadvantage l)oth in numbers and jwsition, completely routed the Parliamentary troops, leaving 300 dead on the field, and taking 1700 prisoners, among whom were Major-General Chudleigh and thirty other officers. . This was one of the most brilliant victories achieved by the Royal forces during the war, and was the immediate occasion of the King's letter of thanks to the inhabitants of Cornwall. ||

* Clarendon, i. 719.

f Clarendon states tluit tliciv was in this county, as thvonghout the whole kingdiiiii,a woudcrfiil and superstitions reverence towards the name of Parliament, and a prejudice to the power of the Coui't; yet a full suliniissif>n and love of the established goverinnent of Church and State, especially to that part of the Church as concerned the Liturgy or IJook of Common Prayer, which was a general object of veneration with the people. And the jealousy and apprehension that the other party intended to alter it was a principal advancement of the King's eanse. — Clarendon, book vi. 129.

f Brit. Mus. Thomason's Coll. vol. Ixx.xii. Lond. 1642, 4to.

§ Bod. Library, Lond. 1012, 4to. Brit. Mus. Thomason's Coll. 12,\, fo. 2G.

\\ On 4th Sept. 1643, Sir Raljih Hopton was created Baron Hopton of Stratton, but he died 1652 s.p. and the title became extinct.

. 2i

122

PARISH OF BODMIN.

!l

^'

It is doubtful whether the design of Sir George Cliudleigh upon Bodmin was successfu], but the burial register shows that on or about the 16th May, 1643, a battle was fought in or near Bodmin. Under that date, we read : — " Weare Buried 10 men that weare killed in fight Between the Boy: aud tlie Militia, whereof was Captaiue Kendall of Lestitliiell." Twenty-four other militia men were bui-ied during the month of May, and " two souldiers of Captaine Blight."*

Nothing further of importance occurred until the following year, when the Earl of Essex was sent into Cornwall with the hope that by this demonstration, and through the influence of the Lord Robartes and other opponents of the King, something might be done to weaken the loyalty of the Cornish people. He entered the county on the 20th July 1644. Ha^-ing seized Laiuiceston and Saltash, he marched to Bodmin and took possession of that town, and afterwards of Lostwithiel and Fowey.

The King, however, quickly came to the rescue. He crossed the Tamer at Poulstan Bridge on 1st August, and slept at the house of Mi-. Manaton in Lezant. On the day foUowiug he marched to Liskeard, where he received intelligence that Essex was at Bodmin. On the 8th the King's army encamped on Bradoke Down, the scene of the defeat of the Lord Grey de Rutliyn two years before. On the 10th news reached the King that Sir Richard Grenville's army was at Bodmin, and had forced an entrance. Essex had removed his head quarters a few days before, but had left 100 troopers, whom Grenville found plundering the inhabitants. On the following day Grenville joined the King, leaving his army at Bodmin raising works as if they would fortify the town; but in the night they withdrew and joined the King's force. On the 31st a severe skirmish occiu-red near Tywardreth. The King lay at night under a hedge in the field. The Parliamentary forces now capitulated, and were allowed to march away, leaving all their cannon, muskets, and pikes. Tlie King and the Royal troops were unable to protect the Parliamentarians from ill usage of the country people. On 6th Sept. the King finally left the comity, and was able to say to Sir Francis Bassett, " Mr. Sheriff, I leave the county in peace in your hands."

In the montli of February 1645 Sir Thomas Faii-fax with a large force entered the county aud occupied Launceston. The headquarters of the King's army were at this time at Bodmin. On 1st March the Parliamentary forces marched fi'om Launceston to Blisland, "within three miles of Bodman." " When," says the account, " wee were come very neere to Blisland the enemies horse appeared upon the Down near Bodman within halfe a mile of us : But our horse drawing up towards them they retreated. A little before this wee were advertised that two troops of oiu" dragoons, which were commanded on friday to Davidstow, were engaged by 600 of the enemies horse. Uj)on this Lieut. -General Cromwell ordered two regiments of horse and the rest of the dragoons to advance for their relief, himself commanding them." On the following day Cromwell secured " Warebridge " witliout resistance,t and the King's forces ha\"ing evacuated

* In the autumn of this year we find charges in the JIayor's accounts for filling the trenches: e.g.

Oct. Paid W" Slorme and John Dyer for carting the rubble into the trenches

Oct. 6. More 12 journeys and half about the trenches

t •• The Western Informer," 7th March, 1645. King's pamphlets, Brit. Mus. 102, a. 69.

s. d. 1 4 3 4

HISTORICAL INCIDENTS. 123

Bodmin it was occupied by the Parliamentary army, who made it tlieir liead quarters for several days.* Hopton retreated westward, aud on the 14th of the same month was compelled to surrender at Truro.

The Prince was at this time in Cornwall, as shown by various entries in the Bodmin Mayors' Accounts.! The writer in the "VYestem Informer, above referred to, iinder the date of the 2nd of March, says : " Wee received intelligence just now that the Prince tooke shipping jit Falmouth, and is gone for France, with many more gentlemen, yesterday night."

The accounts of the town contain many entries of much interest — some political — some

municipal — and others convivial. Of the political entries the first is somewhat singular, as it

combines also the convivial, and commemorates various different events. It is a charge for wine

drunk in the mayoralty year 1683-4 — at the late blessed King's recovery; J at his Majesty's

Proclamation and Coronation days ; § on the news of the rebels having been beaten ; || the

bringing home of the charter ; IT "the wine presented to the officers of the train bands and the

Lord of Radnor in my absence the Extraordinary, at two law Courts ; " and the Communion

Wine, 33/. 6s. 6d.

£ s. <l 1686-7. Spent at the King's Proclamation for ToUerance at Mr.

Blight's** 0 7 6

1687-8. Spent on the news of the birth of the Princeft on the

ringers at Mr. Brabin's . . . . . .10 0

1688-9. We find the town ready to celebrate, though aj)parently

not with equal ardour, the proceedings of the Prince of

Orange. In this year we find a charge of 5s. to the

ringers when the Prince published his Declai'ation, J J

• Letter to the Hon. W. Lenthall, dated from Bodmin, 8 March, 1(;45. King's pamphlets, Brit. Mus. 102, a. OS. Summons to Sir Raljih Hoptiin from Bodmin, Ti March, 1G45. Idem 102, a. 70.

f 1645-6. Payd Richard Ley, 27 Sept., for caiTiage of a post letter unto the Prince at Trurowe, 3s. Payd him the 30"' of the same month for carriage of another to Michell, 2s. Payd Ley, the first of Octoher, for carriage of a post letter for the Prince at Foy. 31 Oct. Payd for a post letter to Truro from the Prince.

X Charles II. was suddenly seized with illness on the 2nd February, 1683-4. On the 4th the Lords of the Council issued a proclamation, stating that his Majesty was in a condition of safety; nevertheless he died on the 6th.

§ James II. was of cour.so proclaimed immediately that the death of his brother became known at Bodmin, and the coronation took place on the 23rd April.

II This refers to the defeat of the Duke of Monmouth and his adherents at Sedgemoor, near Bridgwater, on the 6th .July.

^ The charter of James II. dated at Westminster 27th March, 1685.

** On the 4tli and 27tb April the King published declarations of liberty of conscience. The indulgence extended to both Ui-sscnters and Romanists, and the proclamation was received with joy by the more vehement sectaries, as the Anabap- tists and " a sort of refined Quakers," as Evelyn calls them; but the moderate Nonconformists sent no addresses of thanks. (Annals of England, iii. 99.)

ft The Prince of Wales, bom at St. James's lOlh .lune, 1688, baptized on 15th Oct. by the name of James Francis Kdward.

%X Published on loth October.

I2i PARISH OF BODMIN.

£ s. d. and on the 11th June following an item for beer at tlie

bonfire when the Prince and Princess were proclaimed King and Queen. 1707-8. Given to ringers on the Duke of Marlborough's success in , Flanders ........

1713-4. Beer at the " Butterhouse " on the proclamation of King Joerge .........

1715-6. Given to the Ringers on the news of the Defeat of .the Rebels in Lancashire *......

Given to the Ringers on the news of the defeat of the rebels in Scotland .......

1748-9. Feby. 9. A Proclamation ofthe definitive Treaty of Peace,!

then spent .. ...... .fi78

1745. Paid the Ringers on account of success against the rebels . 0 5 0

The entries relating to municipal matters are very numerous and some of them have been already noticed in notes to this work. Others are very obscure.

6 & 7 Henry VIII. I paide to John Flamauk & Tliomas Nott,

burgesses of the Parliament ..... xiij* 1671-2. Mr. Hoblyn, rent allowed toward the chance of the Quo

Warranto 200

1676-7. Lent Mr. Francis Blight on the townes behalf towards the carrying on the Yarne Market;]: . ....

1 688-9. Oct. 24. Paide Charles Hedge for repairing y'= Stocks and

the Beam house door . . . . . . .020

Jan^. 11. Paid the CoUectors of the Poll Bill. . .10 0

1691-2. It. gave the Earle of Radnor's ser\-ants when they brought

the Coronet for the Mare 0 5 0

Paid Humplu-y Crossman for carriage of plants for Momit-

folly 010

For Wine at Chi-istmas Sacrament . . 1 17 6 at Easter „ . .566

at Whit sontide „ . . 0 18 10

in all 8 2 10

1694-5. Paid Mrs. Blight for Communion Wine . . . 11 3 3 1697-8. About Election of Burgesses 87 14 11

* The Jacobites surreudered at Preston on 13th November. On the same day was fought the battle of Dumblanc. which was in itself undecisive, as botli parties claimed the victory.

t The peace of Aix-la-Chapel!e, which was the canse of great rejoicings throughout the country.

X It seems to have been a usual practice for the mayor to advance moneys to the burgesses upon their bonds to assist them in their business.

BOBMIN CUSTOMS. 125

£ s. d.

1698-0. For postage of news letters 0 14 8

1699-1700. For putting the Towne arms on the flagons . .026

The Mayor of Bodmin and liis "worshipful twenty-four" seem freely to have indulged in the pleasures of the table. The mayor had an allowance for his kitchen, usually about 30/. per annum, and if on any occasion a distinguished guest was entertained the wine consumed was charged to the Town Revenues. Of this we have numerous examples, as shown by the following extracts : —

£ s. d. 1673-4. Payed for wine at the Lord Bishop's going west and

coming back . . . . . . . . 1 10 0

1691-2. June 24. P'^ for wine at the Lord Sands coming here . 13 0 It. spent at my house to treat the Earl of Radnor, M'' Hobb being

mayor . . . . . . . . . 1 15 0

And wine for general purposes was a common charge. On public occasions we find frequent charges for wine, beer, and cyder.

1670. Paid for beer and cakes at the cutting out of the Leate at £ .t. d. Halscaver ,..,...,.

o

1686-7. It. wine presented to the Earl of Bathe . . . .14 0 For 4 bottles of Clarett & 2 Bottles of Sack at the " Butter- house " on the .5 Novr 0 8 0

1690-1. For 4 bottles of Wine presented to Mr. Robarts and other

gentlemen at tiie Riding . . . . . .080

January 28. Itm. druncht in wine att my house by the Mayor &

Company on y" news of the petition being withdrawn . 2 3 0

^W' have also numerous Charges for Venison.

1699-1700. Gave Pensley Parker when he bro' a Venison .

Gave Lanhydrock Parker for the same 1702-3. Given Pincheley Parker for a Venisin ... Given Major-General Trelawncy's men for the same 1704-5. Oct. 15. I gave M^ firancis Robartes' Parker & Major- General TrelawTiey's Ser'^ for 2 Vennisons . Such entries occur frequently for several years. Some of them are interesting, as showing that Pincheley Park, in Cardinham, was not at this time disparkcd.

The accounts afford also evidence of entertainments given to the mayor and common council by some of the neighbouring gentry, which is shown by the largess given to the servants of those

establishments on the occasion : <•. q.

£ s. d. 1681-2. Bestowed on the Servants at Glyn when the company

were there at Christmas . . . . • .15 0

2k

0 10	0
0 10	0
0 10	0
0 10	0

£ s.	(/.
1 0	0
1 0	0

0	11	0
1	0	0
1	0	0

126 PARISH OF BODMIN.

1688-9. Gave to the Major Glynn's servants att Xtmas Jan>' 11. Gave to the Earl of Radnor's servants 1(J90. March 4. It. our Aldermen & Common Councilmen dyned

witli Major Glynn, then I gave the servants . .10 0

1702-3. Given to M'' Mountstevenses servants at a treat for y' Gentlewomen ........

1705-6. Oct. 25. It. given to the servants att Stower hill

It. given to the serv'' at Penhai'gett ....

BODMIN CUSTOMS.

Several peculiar customs have, from a remote date, prevailed in this town. Most of tliem have now fallen into disuse, and it is desirable to preserve a record of them before they are alto- gether lost from memory. This has been done, to some extent, though in a desultory way, by T. Q. Couch, Esq., surgeon, of Bodmin, a zealous and painstaking antiquary ; but a history of Bodmin would be incomplete if it preserved not some memorials of these by-gone usages.

The Curfew. — The custom which first claims our notice is the ancient practice of ringing the curfew bell. The name is supposed to be derived from eoucre feu, because it was required that about sunset in summer, and about eight or nine o'clock in winter, every person should cover up his fire at the ringing of a bell.* The custom is said to have been introduced by the Norman * Conqueror ; but, inasmuch as it prevailed in Scotland, France, Spain, and other countries never subjected to the domination of the Normans, such an opinion is scarcely sustainable. Moreover, the practice is probably more ancient in this comitry than the Norman Conquest. The object, in addition to protection from fire, was doubtless the preservation of discijiline and good order in towns. At the ringing of the curfew every person was expected to retire to his own liome. In the " Liber Albus "f of the City of London it is forbidden that any person shall be so daring as to be found going or wandering about the streets of the city after curfew rmig out at St. Martin's-le- Grand, and St. Laurence, or at Berkyuge chirche, unless it be some great lord or other substan- tial person of good reputation, or a person of their household, who from them shall have warauntry, and who is going from one to another with a light to guide him. It was prescribed that ;uiy otFender against this law shall be taken by tlie keepers of the peace and put into the " Tun, "J which for such misdoers is assigned, and to be brought the following day before the lord mayor and aldermen for punishment. The doors of taverners and brewers were also directed to be shut at the ringing of this beO, and no person afterwards admitted.

* An ancient and curious instrument for covering and extinguishing fires, called a curfew or couvre-feu, is figured in the " Antiquarian Repertory,'' vol. i. p. 89.

■f Liber Albus, p. :iiO. J For nightwalkers ; a prison in Cornhill.

BODMIN CUSTOMS. 127

At Bodiuiu the curfew bell is now, and always has been from time imuieniorial, rung at eight o'clock in the evening. A bell formerly was rung at four o'clock in the morning, but this custom has for a considerable time fallen into desuetude. As early as the year 1696 the grand jury at the law court and general sessions of the peace, among other thinys, presented the sexton for irregularity in respect to this bell ;* and in another presentment of about the same date the object of the bell is said to be " the warning of prentices and others."

Bodmin Rid'uig. — A ceremony of great antiquity, so called, was celebrated with considerable notoriety down nearly to the close of the last century, after which it degenerated iuto mere revelry. The origin and intention of it are unknown, but there is a sort of tradition that it com- memorated the recovery of the relics of St. Petrock after they had been stolen from the prior'y church in 1177. The festival commenced on the Sunday nearest tlie anniversary of the martyrdom of St. Thomas of Canterbmy (Becket) which was observed on July 7th. The inhabitants appeared at church in great numbers decorated with ribbons, &c. On the following day there was a grand procession, in which the principal inhabitants of the town and the gentlemen of the neighbourhood took part. The procession was divided into classes, and each of the classes bore the emblems of their professions and crafts, being a remnant of the ancient guilds. They first went to the priory and received from the hands of the master of the house, who was supposed to represent the prior, a garland of flowers, and a pole decorated with flowers, ribbons, &c. whioli they had previously deposited there. These were borne by two men, preceded hy musicians, at the head of tlie procession, which in this manner perambirlated the town, all who possibly could being mounted.t This being done, they commenced the celebration of their sports and games.J In this merry-making the good old English custom of a dinner was not omitted by the mayor and his brethren. §

An interesting account of this ceremony, as it was practised in its later days, was contributed to the Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, a few years ago, by Mr. Couch. He obtained his information from these who took part in its latest celebration. || '

Some attempts have been made to resuscitate this festival, but without effect. It seems to be hopelessly dead.

The Riding tune is annexed to Mr. Couch's account. It is considered by Mr. Chappell to be quite modern.

Ilalcjaver Sports. — Some persons have confomided the " Halgaver Sports" with the " Riding," but they were altogether distinct, and kept at different times, though in the same month. IT Carew mentions the sports in these words : — " The youthlyer sort of Bodmyn townsmen vsc sometimes

* " Wee present the Sexton for not constantly Ringing the Bell at foure of the Clock in the morning and eight in tlic Eveninge." — Municij/al Jtecordx.

■f The "Riding Ildc " is mcntioiiod in connection with the rehuilding of the church and the erection of Berry Tower. Sec ante. % British .Museum, Additional MS. !)417, ISC.

§ 1(')90-1. For two bottles of wine and two of sydcr for M' Roliarts at the Riding. 1700-7. A venison to the Riding from M' Robarts.

II Journal, No. II. .56. ^ Survey of Coniwall, ]>. IL'C.

128 PARISH OF BODMIX.

to sport themselues, by pla}nng the box witli strangers, whom thej summon to Halgauer. The name signifieth ' Goat's Moore,' and such a place it is, lying a little without the towne, and very full of quauemires. When these mates meet with any rawe seruingman, or other young master, who may serue and deserue to make pastime, they cause him to be solemnely arrested for his appeai-ance before the Maior of flalgauer, where he is charged with wearing one spurre, or going ^•ntrussed, or wanting a girdle, or some such like felony ; and after he hath been arraygned and tryed, with all requisite circumstances, iudgement is given in formal termes, and executed in some one \-ngracious pranke or other, more to the skorne then hurt of the party condemned."

" Hence is sprung the prouerb, when we see one slouenly ajipareled : He shall be presented in Halgauer Court.

" But now and then," Carew continues, " they extend this meiTiment with the largest, to the preiudice of oner credulous people, perswading them to fight with a dragon lurking in Halgauer,* or to see some strange matter there ; which concludeth at least with a trayning them into the mire."

These sports have also been discontinued.

Paul's Pitcher. — The eve of St. Paul's day is marked in this town by a singular custom called " Paul's Pitcher," the intention or origin of which it is difficult to divine. The boys of the town, after nightfall, slink along the streets and hurl a pitcher into every house which is left incautiously open. Mr. Couch, a few years ago. inserted an inquiry in Xotes and Queries as to the origin of this practice, and whether it obtains elsewhere, but it elicited no reply .f

Grace Night. — Another popular custom formerly obtained in this town called " Grace Night." It was regulated by the first Sunday in Advent, and was held on the Friday preceding it, e^"idently in commemoration of the sacred history of that seasou. The prophecy of a Branch in the Epistle on the Sunday before, and the Gospel for Advent Sunday, which describes our Saviour's entry into Jerusalem, the midtitude cutting branches from the trees and strewing them in the way, is figured by the children carrying branches of laurel and other evergreens, usually denoting joy and deliverance, to their respective schools, where they erect a sort of stage, and from thence recite such portions of Scripture as are suitable to the subject, in the presence of their friends and teachers, who regale them with cakes and other refreshments in token of their approbation. This account is derived fi-om a letter dated 11th Jidy 1812, and addressed to Mr. Lysons by the Rev. Edmund Gilbert of the Priory.| The late ilr. John Wallis, afterwards Yicar of Bodmin, gives a somewhat different account of this observance, § saying it was held on the Friday before St Nicholas' day ; and suggesting that the ceremony might be in honour of St. Nicholas, he being regarded as the pati-on saint of children. Mr. Wallis also says that the children of the grammar school dill not take any part in the ceremony.

• There is a small natural ravine near the moor which is still called " The Dragon Pit."

t Notes and Queries, Second Series, vol. vii. 312. (1859.)

I Brit. Mus. Additional MS. 0417, fo. 182. § n>id. 11420. fi>. 312.

BODMIN CUSTOMS. 129

Hie Wassail Cup. — Nicholas Sprey, town clerk of Bodmin, by his will,* bequeathed " 13s. Ad. yearly among such good friends of the better sort, inhabitants of Bodmin, as shall be pleased to make, at some convenient house in the said borough, on Twelfth-day a supper, and for furnishing a wassail cup with wyne and sugar, and from thence to go tnth the cup to every mayor's house yearly and for ever according to the manner and fashion in that kind accustomed, for the continuance of love and neighbourly meeting in tlie said town ; to be paid out of the rents and yearly profits of a house and stitch of land in Bore-street, and over against the Bore-lane ; and if it be not used every year to revert to testator's heirs."

The rent-charge of 13.v. Ad. was received by the corporation out of the premises alluded to until the death of Mr. Samuel Stone in 1838, when the devisees under his will objected to make any further payment, alleging that it was nothing more than a free gift. The origin and purpose of the charge had been entirely forgotten ; and, the conditions of the bequest having ceased to be fulfilled, the gift would revert to the heirs of the testator or their assigns, in accordance with the terms of the will.

Viewing the Bounds. — Another custom, which has now ceased, deserves also to be mentioned. In Rogation tide it was the practice of the mayor and coi-poration to perambulate the boundaries of the borough in some state. His worship, mounted on horseback, and preceded by the common Serjeant and town crier wearing cocked hats and bearing their maces of office, accompanied by some members of the corj)orate body and principal inhabitants, also on horseback, and attended by a considerable number of men and boys, proceeded, as nearly as possible, along the boundary line. They visited certain marked spots on the boundary with special formalities, e.g. Salt Pool (at the corner of Laucarfe), Callywith Black Pool, Carminowe Cross, &c. At these spots what was called a "hurling" took place: a quantity of buns, biscuits, figs, nuts, &c. were thrown into the air, and formed the subject of scrambling and boisterous merriment among the boys. On one occasion in the melee Mr. Mayor had the misfortune to be unhorsed in Salt Pool. Three hurraghs were then given by the whole party, followed by the shout " Thus far extends the ancient borough of Bodmin." These proceedings served to fix for life in the memory of the boys present the j)osition of these special boundary marks. Tlie viewing the bounds usually occupied two days.f

This old custom, like those before mentioned, and many others which in former times served to bring together persons of all ranks and degrees in life, promoting merriment, harmony, and good- fellowship, had been discontinued after the "reformation" effected by the Eeform Bill of 1832 ; but in the year 18(;(;, in the mayoralty of the late Mr. W. R. Hicks, a humourist of more than local celebrity, it was renewed, at least for that year, and carried out with great spirit.

* Proved in the Prerog. Court of Canterbary, 6th Nov. 1G24. Byrd, DC, and Clark, 42. t MS. Depositions (1818) in possession of tlio Author.

2 L

130 PARISH OF BODMIN.

BODMIN TOKENS.

In early times England possessed no copper coinage. The small change in use consisted of silver pennies, half-pennies, and fortliings ; the scarcity and small size of which caused consider- able inconvenience, and led to the introduction of foreign base metal and leaden tokens of English manufactui-e. As early as the reign of Queen Elizabeth a design was entertained for establishing a copper coinage of convenient size and weight. It was, however, never adopted, and the incon- venience continued, imtil, in 1613,* Lord Harrington was granted a patent authorising him to call in all tradesmen's tokens and to coin a brass money which should be generally current for tliree years; the issue, however, being limited to 25,000/. Considerable opposition was offered ; but, on 19 May, a proclamation was published prohibiting the use of tradesmen's tokens, f Lord Harrington died in February following, and John his son, the last lord, soon afterwards, and, on 21 June 1614, J the privilege was continued to Anne Lady Harrington.

Upon the termination of Lord Harrington's patent a grant was made to Edward Woodward and Thomas Garret, goldsmiths of London, for coining copper tokens for seven yeai's ; all other tokens being suppressed. § This term having also expired, a similar privilege was granted to the Duke of Lennox and the Marquis Hamilton for nineteen years. ||

Great abuses arose under these patents, and-, in 1644, they were suppressed by the House of Commons, who ordered that the tokens should be rechanged from money raised out of the estates of the patentees. No authorised currency was, however, issued in lieu ; but immediately after the death of the King private copper tokens began to be circulated without authority, which were received again by the issuers when presented at the nominal value. Some such tokens are found of so early a date as 1648.11 No copper currency, with the exception of a few farthings, was issued during the interregnum ; and it is remarkable, as an index of popular feeling, that the arms of the Commonwealth are rarely fomid on private tokens of that period, whereas, after the Restoration, the King's arms and other insignia of royalty are exceedingly common.

It is estimated that not more than 20,000 different private tokens in the whole were issued. They bear all kinds of devices, and generally the name or initials, sometimes both, of tlie issuer. The initial of the surname is generally placed over the initials of the Christian names of the husband and wife.

Mr. Boyne gives the two following Bodmin tokens, viz. : **

1. Obv. lOHX . HAERis.tt = The grocers' arms . . . One farthing.

Ilev. OF . BODMAN. = I. "A.

* State Paper Office, Dom. Coir. James I. vol. Ixxii. 68, 74, 11.",. t Ibid. 142.

t Ibid. vol. Ixxvii. 40. Printed Proc. Coll. Xo. 28.

§ S. v. 0. Dom. Corr. James I. vol. Ixxxviii. 30.

II S. P. O. Dom. Corr. James I. vol. Ixxiii. 66. % Tokens issued in Seventeenth Century, Boync, p. ix.

** Tokens of the Seventeenth Century, p. .S7.

tt An, wife to Mr. John Ilanis, buried 2nd April 1673 ; John Harris, gent., buried 20th Feb. 1679-80.

BODMIN TOKENS.

131

2. Obv. THOMAS . WILLS.* = Arms, Tliree lions passant gardant \\itliiii a boi-dure engrailed.

One farthintr.

T.^^-F.

Rev. IN . BODMYN.

3. Obv. FLORENCE WILLS.f Rev. F. W. IN . BODMIN. 1663.

To which we can add the following from a specimen in the museum of the Bodmin Institution. The token is an elegant one in laten (bell-metal), and is very thin.

4. Obv. RICHARD manatonJ = Arms of Manaton : Upon a bend three mullets pierced, differenced with a crescent. Crest, a demi miicorn ramj). . One fartliing.

Rev. OF . BODMAN . 1664. ^ R. ■?.§ between three mullets.

THE IVORY CASKET.

There is belonging to the corporation of Bodmin, and now in the custody of the town clerk, a very ancient and curious ivory casket. According to tradition it is the same casket which is mentioned by Benedict Abbot of Peterborough (a contemporary) || as having been used by Prior Roger, in 1177, in bringing back the relics of St. Petrock after they had been recovered from the Abbey of St. Mevenus. This author says, " He (Roger) brought the body of the blessed Petrock,

I'P

THE IVOKY CASKET.

* Tlionias, .son of John Welles, baptized 7th May, ICOG. Was this the same ? t This is mentioned liy Mr. Wallis, Bodmin Reg. 2S8.

J Kiiliard Manaton, mayor 1G68. § Penelopy, wife of Mr. Riehard Manaton, Imricd 23rd Sept. 1G7().

II De Vita et Gestis llcnrici secnndi et Kicardi primi, " ex editione Thonue llearnii, O.xon, 1735," 2 vols. Svo. vol, i. 228, 229. See also Davies Gilbert's Hist. Coniwall, vol. i. pp. 97— 'J!l.

132 PARISH OF BODMIN. 1

closed in an ivory case, to the city of Winchester, and when it was brought into tiie King's ||

presence the King, having seen and adored it, permitted the prior to return in peace with his holy charge to the Abbey of Bodmin."

The box at Bodmin is in length about 1 ft. Gin., about 1 ft. in breadth, and in height about 10 inches. The cover is sloped off, so that the horizontal upper surface is scarcely 6 inches wide. Tlie bottom is made of a thin oak board, painted to match the ivory ; the sides, ends, and cover are of thin ivory slabs polished on the outside, but within in their rough condition, bearing the marks of the saw. Tlie box is fastened together by rabbets and rivets, the whole being encircled with bands of brass-work and clamps of the same metal at the angles. There are certain holes not used in the construction of the box, but apparently intended for fastening on a lining. Exter- nally the surface is ornamented in gold and colours, disposed in rosettes of crosses and intricate interlaced ornaments, and with quaint figures of birds of various forms.

The ornamentation on this ancient work of art is of so peculiar a character that we submitted sketches and tracings to Alexander Nesbitt, Esq. F.S.A., a gentleman well skiUed in subjects con- nected with medieval art, and especially in decorative works in ivory. He is of opinion that the box is an example of tjriental work of about the twelfth or tliirteenth century, and that it possesses very gi'eat interest as bearing on a chapter of art and archaeology yet to be written, viz. that of those of Asia — Western Asia in particular — and their influence on Europe. Mr. Xesbitt does not think the Bodmin casket to be of Venetian manufacture, because the architectural style of the Venetians was Gothic, with very little orientalism about it, and the Venetians did not imitate Oriental patterns so closely, nor does he think it Byzantine, because the designs are not altogether of that school.

Mr. Xesbitt mentions that in the Treasury of St. Mai'k's at Venice is a box of silver, parcel- gilt and niello-ed, enriched with ornaments of a precisely similar type ; and he refers to drawings of the same character from Syrian and Armenian MSS. published by Mr. Westwood.*

Whether or not this box may be the veritable ivory case alluded to by Abbot Benedict we are, of course, imable to say. Mr. Nesbitt's opinion as to the date of its manufacture woidd make it contemporaiy with that event, and it may, therefore, be the same, and may have been used for centuries as a shrine or reliquary in the Priory Church. However this may be, it is an object of very great interest, and it is hoped that it will long, as now, be carefully preser\-ed as one of the choicest ti'easures of the town.

• PalafOgraphia Sacra Pictoria. Lond. 1845-49.

133

MUNICIPAL INSIGNIA.

The Common Seal. — We liave seen that when the burgesses of Bodmin were made a body corporate under tlie charter of the 5th of Elizabeth, they were authorised to have a common seal. Tliis seal was registered at the Heralds' Visitation in 1620, and the following is the certificate, with a representation of the seal, copied fi'om the original Visitation.*

Tliis is the Comon Scale of the Towne & Ancient Borough of Bodmin w'^'" hath beene enabled by his Ma*"' most Noble progenitors w"" diuers lifeties, priuiledgcs, & greate immunities, the Gouernm' consistinge of a Maior, & 3() Chiefe Burgesses, w'^'' are called the comon Counsell of the sayd Towne & Boroughe : the Election of the Maior being yearly the 24 day of Septemb. The Maior, Towne Clai'ke, & the last anticedent Maior being Justices of the peace w"'in the sayd Borough. The Maior being Coroner w*''in the Borough. The Maior and Towne Clarke haue power to take Recognizances of Debtors according to the statute of Acton Burnell & Westm. They are to haue a Comon Scale for all grauntes. Forayne Justices of the peace are prohibited to intromit therein for causes w"'in the sayd Boroiigh. All w* priuiledgcs & iinunities were confirmed & certified by o'' most gratious Souaigne Ladye Quecne Elizab of famous memorie, in the 3G. yeare of her raygne. And at the time of this ]^sent Visitation, the 3 day of Octob 1620, was W" Prist mayor, Nicho. Sprye Towne Clarke, Rofet Wittm, Thomas Helliar, Robt. Hartwell, John Stone, Nicho. Webber, Raph Tiirney, Richard Durant, John Corey, William Stone, & John Edye, 12 of the Chiefe Burges.ses w"'in the sayd Towne & Borough of Bodmin.

The fee payd 40'. Willim Prist, maiore.

Nicho: Sprey, Towne Clark.

Richard Dvrant.

♦ Harl. MS. 1104. 72.

Note.— It is popularly understood that the figure on the seal represents St. Petrock. This, however, is manifestly an error. St. Petrock would not he represented in regal state, crowned, and bearing a sceptre, but as an ecclesiastic. It is probable that it was intended for King ./Ethelstan, who was esteemed the patron of the town.

2u

134

PARISH OP BODMIN.

The Maces, ^r. — The corporate body possesses four maces of silver. Tlie most ancient are two small ones, not quite alike. They are 1ft. 3| inches in length. The handle end of each has hoUow work, or bracket-like projections in the form of serpents. One mace has two such pro- jections, tlie other one only. In the latter the serpent has a head at both ends, but in the former the serpents are single-headed. On the flat top of each is engraved the arms of James I. sur- mounted by the date 1618, and flanked by the initials i. R. One of these maces has been some- what altered in repairs ; and one is now in a very damaged condition, the handle having been denuded of its silver casing tliroughout a great part of its length.

The other two maces are of silver gilt, and form a pair in all respects alike. They measure 2ft. 8^ inches in length, and are very massive. The upper portion forms a royal crown sur- mounted with the orb and cross ; the cu'clet-rim and arched-bands are represented as jewelled, the coroujB being ornamented with crosses and fleurs-de-hs alternately. The cup-like heads of the maces are ornamented with fancifid devices, consisting of four human figm-es without arms, termkiating in foliation, &c., between which are a rose, a thistle, a shamrock, and a fleur-de-lis, each siu-mounted with a crown. The shafts have leaf\- ornaments and bosses. On the flat top of the maces, within the crown, are engraved the royal arms with supporters, surrounded by the motto : HONi . soiT . QUI . MAL . T . PENSE ; and beneath, IE . mein - tein - dray. On the flat end of handles of the maces are engraved the arms of the borough, surrounded with the following leo-end on a ribbon : sigillvm . COMVKE . bvrgensiym . BODMmi^ ; and without this: EX . DONO .

PRENOBILIS . CAROLI . BODVILLE . COMITIS . RADNOR . 1G90.

There is also a " loving cup " of silver. It is two-handled, with a cover. On one side is engraved the arms of the town, with the words : sigill • comune . bvrgensivm . BODJirsriE. And on the other : " Union in the Corporation, and prosperity to the towni of Bodmin, 1760." " The gift of S"^ \Y"' Irby to this Corporation in the yeai- 1760. Created Lord Boston 1761."

There is also a silver snuft-box, presented to the Corporation in ] 812 by the Eev. Dr. Flamank, then mayor. On the lid are engraved the arms of the town and the arms of Flamank impaling Hughes,* with a record of the gift.

* See Monumental Inscriptions, No. 52.

1. St. Goron, 2. St.Pi trock, from the chair from Budrain at Crorrnn. Priory Seal.

135

LIST OF MAYORS.

Mr. Wallis has printed a List of tlie Mayors of Bodmin,* beginning with the year 1423 ; but it is, in many respects, erroneous, as Mr. Wallis was, himself, aware. He informs us f that lie derived liis names and dates from certain lists in MS. in the hands of private persons, which lie very properly suggests require to be authenticated from original documents. This we have endeavoured to do as far as possible, and the following is subjoined as the result of our investi- gation. The names printed in Roman characters have been established by the evidence of original contemporaneous documents, but those printed in Italics have been filled in as best we could from the list printed by Mr. Wallis and the lists in MS. to which he alludes, and one other now in the possession of the Rev. William lago of Bodmin, which in many respects differs from that of Mr. Wallis.

1201. Herbert de Helleston (pre-

positus).J T. Hen. III. Osbert Fitz-Osbert

(prepositus).§ T. Hen. III. Roger Pentec (pre-

positus).§ T. Hen. III. or Edw. I. John, son

of Raufi (propositus). § T. Hen. III. or Edw. I. Roger

Pentec (prepositus).§ T. Edw. I. Stephen Stephen (prc-

positus). T. Edw. I. John Je Langahitts

(propositus). § T. Edw. I. Robert dc Polmorna

(propositus). § 1301. Adamde St. Margaret (pro- positus). 1304. Richard de St. Margaret

(propositus). 1308. William Mathcw (prepo-

situs).

Day of Election of Mayor, the 1439- Feast of St. Francis the Con- 1441.

FEssoR (Oct. 4). 1442

1330-40. John Coterel, mayor. Ij 1443

Adam Martyn. 1446.

1345. Adam Martyn.f 1447.

1359. Roger de Bodmin. 1448.

13G4. John Knouwy. 1449.

1375. William Breton.** 1450.

1379. John Lange.tt 1451-

1402. John Nicolls. 1455-

1411. John Nicolls. 1461-

1422. Thomas Paynter. 1463-

1424-29. John Paynter. 1468-

1430-31. Walter Powell. 1473-

1432. Thomas Moijle. 1475-

1433. Thomas Moyle. 1477-

1434. Thomas Moyle. 1484.

1435. Thomns Moijh. 1485.

1436. Waller Powell. 1486.

1437. John NicoU. 1487.

1438. Thomas Lucomb. 1488.

40. Tliomas Laugher.

John Erie.

Thomas Laugher, to 1445. Thomas Moyle.

Otto Ni/coll.

Thomas Bears.

Thomas Calway.

Thomas Lucomb.

Thomas Bere.|| ■4. James Flamank. ■60. Thomas Laugher. •2. Robert Dighen. ■7. Thomas Lucombe.|||| 72. John Walter. ^ 4. Otho Robins.lili 6. William Penrose. 83. Thomas Lucomb.

Unknown.

Richard Flamank. Thomas Margyt.***

• Bodmin Register, p. 277. t Boilmiu Register, pp. 27G— 292. J Pliieita coram Regis, 3 John.

§ Occur, under tliis designation, as witnesses in undated deeds of these reigns, at Tregothnan.

II This gentleman is the first found designated Mayor. The term is afterwards Invariably used to describe the Chief Magistrate, although the term " Prepositns" is found occasionallj- to occur, and perhaps was applied to the Justice.

\ I'at. Rolls, 1!) Edw. III., p. 1, m. 22. ** Assize Rolls, 20 Richard II.

■ft Deed at Phice, Fowey. %% Kdmond Bcket, I'repositus.

{Ill Thomas Lucombe is described as Mayor of Bodmin in the ludentmx's of Bm'gesses, dated Ifi May, 1468.

§§ Mr. lago's list gives the name as John Watts.

^^ Mr. lago's list shows Otho Robins as mayor in 1473 and 1474, and William I'enrose succeeding also in 1474. Thomas Lucomb following in 14T5 and continuing in office for seven years, after which wc have King Edw. IV., Rich. III., anil King Ilcnry VII.

*** Mr. Wallis's list gives Moyle, which is an eiTor, as shown by record.

136

PARISH OF BODMIN.

1489.	Thomas Margyt.	1538.	John Bray.	1583.	Thomas Andro.
1490.	William Trott.	1539.	John Blyghe.	1584.	Richard Mitchell.
1491-	2. Ralph Tredenek.	1540.	William Vivian.	1585.	Richard Tankard.
1493.	Richard Flamank.	1541.	John Vivian.	1586.	John Tubb.
1494.	Richard Flamanlc.	1542.	Thomas Opy.	1587.	Otes Edy.
1495.	Randolph Tredowe.	1543.	John Blight.	1588	John Blight, sen.
149G.	Richard Tayler.	1544.	Michael Avery.	1589.	John Haynes.
1497.	John Glyn.	1545.	William Achym.	1590.	John Blight, jun.
1498.	Walter Smyth.	1546.	John Hewett.	1591.	Thomas Cory.
1499.	William Trott, sen.	1547.	John Dyer.	1592.	Thomas Hellyer.
1500.	John Cock.	1548.	fHenry Bray. (Nicholas Boyer.	1593.	Robert Hartivell.
1501.	William Sagemore.	1594.	Richard Mitchell.
1502.	Thomas Phylype.	1549.	John Kestell.
1503.	Nicholas Rusth.	1550.	Henry Bray.	M	AYORS ELECTED 24 SePT
1504.	John Whyte.	1551.	Ralph Mitchell.	1595.	Thomas Cock.
1505.	Richard Bligh.	1552.	Robert John.	1596.	Nicholas Sprey.
1506.	Thomas Phylype.	1553.	Thomas Opy (Ind. Pari.)	1597.	Henry Warde.
1507.	William Sagemore.	1554.	Richard Cundye") Richard Cundyej^'^^- ^'''^-	1598.	Otho Edy.
1508.	Thomas Phylype.	1555.	1599.	Jeremy Walker.
1509.	William Trott.	1556.	John Heivett.	1600.	John Stone.
1510.	John Glyn.	1557.	John Garland.	1601.	John Stone.
1511.	John Oliver.	1558.	William Northey.	1602.	John Stone.
1512.	John Lavedwen.	1559.	Thomas Bligh.	1603.	Robert Hartwell.
1513.	John Lavedon.	1560.	Ralph Mitchell.	1604.	Gilbert Mitchell.
1514.	William Sagemore.	1561.	Henry Bray.	1605.	Richard Mitchell.
1515.	Thomas Phillips.	1562.	Christopher Cock.	1606.	Henry Ward.
1516.	John Wiite.			1607.	Nicholas Webber.
1517.	John Cau'odley.	Mayors elected 29 Sept.	1608.	Ralph Turney.
1518.	Thomas Hewett.	1563.	Henry Bray.	1609.	Robert Wilton.
1519.	Nicholas Pownd.	1564.	Thomas Opy.	1610.	Otho Edye.
1520.	John Glyn.	1565.	William Morcomh.	1611.	Richard Ditrant.
1521.	Richard Blight.	1566.	Nicholas Cory.	1612.	Thomas Hellyar.
1522.	Nicholas Opy.	1567.	Richard Opy.	1613.	Nicholas Sprey.
1523.	John Tregligh.	1568.	Thomas Andreic.	1614.	John Cory.
1524.	John Flamank.	1569.	John Hewett.	1615.	Robert Hartwell.
1525.	Thomas Boscarnan.	1570.	Thomas Blight.	1616.	John Sprey.
1526.	Nicholas Pownd.	1571.	Ralph Mitchell.	1617.	Nicholas Webber.
1527.	John Bray.	1572.	John Harris.	1618.	Ralph Turney.
1528.	.... Flamank.	1573.	Christopher Walker.	1619.	Robert Wilton.
1529.	John Wiite.	1574.	John Ward.	1620.	William Prist.
1530.	Robert John.	1575.	Thomas Kestell.	1621.	John Edye.
1531.	John Blight.	1576.	John Tubb.	1622.	William Stone.
1532.	William Vy^-yan.	1577.	Richard Cory.	1623.	John Warde.
1533.	Nicholas Corrant.	1578.	William Beard.	1624.	Richard Durant.
1534.	John Flamank.	1579.	John Edie.	1625.	John Cory.
1535.	Thomas Hewett.	1580.	Richard Condy.	1626.	Nicholas Harvey.
1536.	Nicholas Boyer.	• 1581.	Thomas Cock.	1627.	William Robins.
;537.	William Achym.	1582.	John Blyghe.	1G28.	William Harris.

LIST OP MAYORS.

137

1629.	John Edye.	1660
1630.	William Stone.	1661
16.31.	John Ward.
1632.	John Tiirney.	1662
1633.	John Peryman.	1663
1634.	Richard Michell.	1664
1635.	WilliajH Mace.	1665
1636.	Otho Stapp.	1666
1637.	William Stone.	1667
1638.	Nicholas Cory.*	1668
1639.	William Harris.	1669
1640.	Nicholas Harvey.	1670
1641.	Thomas Diirant.	1671
1642.	Richard Turney.	1672
1643.	Richard Michell.	1673
1644.	Gilbert Edye.	1674
1645.	Richard Parsons.	1675
1646.	Richard Webber.	1676
1647.	John Wilcock.	1677
1648.	Richard Webber.	1678
1649.	William Warren.	1679
1650.	Richard Render.	1680
1651.	Richard Turney.	1681
1652.	Abel Dar/ge.	1682
1653.	Thomas Diivant.	1683
1654.	Hurjh Ilobbs.	1684.
1655.	William Opy.	1685.
1656.	William Orchard.	1686.
1657.	John Stone.	1687.
1658.	Charles Blight.	1688.
1659.	John Wilcocks.	1689.

Richard Turney.	1690.
J Otho Stapp.f	169L
} Nathaniel Lugger.	1692.
Hngh Hobbs.	1693.
Mathew Parsons.	1694.
Thomas Hawken.	1695.
Humphry Williams.	1696.
Bernard Pennington.	1697.
John Dagge.	1698.
Richard Manaton,	1699.
Nicholas Dagge.	1700.
Nathaniel Lugger.	1701.
Thomas Hawken.	1702.
Richard Opy.	1703.
Tobias Scholler.	1704.
Henry Dagge.	1705.
Francis Blight.	1706.
Humphry Williams.	1707.
Charles Blight.	1708.
John Dagge.	1709.
Thomas Hawken.	1710.
Bernard Pennington.	1711.
Nathaniel Lugger.	1712.
Hugh Hobbs.	1713.
Tobias Scholler.	1714.
Francis Blight. J	1715.
John Littleton. Humphry Williams.	1716.
Christopher Fowler.	1717.
William May.	1718.
Roger Hamley.	1719.

Thomas May. George Demountfiyart. William Hodge. Thomas Hawken. Geoi'ge Demountfryart. Walker Hobbs. Peter Symons. William May. William Hodge. John Pennington. George Demountfryart. Walker Hobbs. Henry Fry. John Stephens. William Hodge. Richard Blight. Thomas May.§ John Williams. Thomas Hawken. Richard Tom. Nicholas Bradley. William Hodge. George Demountfryart. William May. Nicholas Bradley. William Wymond. (George Demountfryart. {Bernard Pennington. Richard Blight. William Phillipps.f No election.

* Arms : A chevron between three birds, apparently partridges.

f Kilil. Otho Stapp, mayor, buried 3 December. Par. Reg.

t In office at the grant of the charter of 27 March, 1st James II., and appointed to continue until 24 September 1685.

§ 1708. Thomas May, gent., justice, bnried July 28. || 1717. Dr. George Demounfryart buried.

% On the 2ilth September, 1719, no mayor was elected, and William Pbillipps claimed to hold over under the charter of .5th Elizabeth, which provided that the mayor, burgesses, and common council, or the major part of them, on Michael- mas-day in cverj- year, should a.ssemble and nominate two capital burgesses, out of whom the inhabitants should choose one to he mayor for the next year, and until another mayor should be chosen; averring that the charter of 36th Eli/,al)eth ; although altering the time and manner of the election, viz., that thenceforward the election should be vested in the mayor, common council, and town clerk, and he made on the 24th September, 7«'0 iino anno ijitei/ro tii7ie jiroximr siipirnti ; did not alter the usage which as well before as after the second charter had been for the mayor to hold over until anfither was chosen, and that he being elected mayor served for one year, and that the town clerk being then dead and no new one chosen, there could be no new election of mayor. The case was argued in the King's Bench, 6 Geo. I., Hil. The Court decided. Justice Eyre only dissenting, that the town was governed by the charter of 36th Elizabeth only, under which the mayor had no right to hold over. Judgment was accordingly given for the King, and the Corporation petitioned for a new charter. (Rex r. Phillipps. Strange, vol. i. p. 3'J-l.) Notwithstanding that this occurred in 1720, we have no record of another mayor until Michaelmas 1723.

2 N

138

PARISH OF BODMIN.

1720. 1

1721. [ No election.

1722. )

1723. liichard Blight.

1724. John Williams. 172.5. John Hoblyn.

1726. Christopher Pennington.

1727. Christopher Pennington.

1728. Francis Bradley.

1729. Eobert Pennington.

1730. Henry Spiller.

1731. Samuel Stone.

1732. John Pennington.

1733. Christopher Pennington.

1734. Lewis Blight.

1735. John Langworthy.

1736. Robert Pennington.

1737. Henry Spiller.

1738. Samuel Stone.

1739. Joseph Hamley.

1740. Charles Treweeke.

1741. Lewis Blight.

1742. William Marshall.

1743. John Langworthy.

1744. Henry Spiller.

1745. Joseph Hamley.

1746. Samuel Stone.

1747. Charles Treweeke.

1748. William Tredwen.

1749. William May.

1750. William Marshall, jun.

1751. Francis Cole.

1752. Samuel Stone.

1753. Charles Treweeke.

1754. William May.

1755. Francis Cole.

No election till the issue of a mandamus.

1756. 1757. 1758.

1759. Joseph Hamley.

1760. Charles Treweeke.

1761. John Colwell.

1762. Francis John Hext.

1763. John Stone.

1764. William Pennington.

1765. Robert Edyvean.

1766. John Pomeroy.

1767. William Whitfield.

1768. Francis John Hext.* 1769.t 1770.

1771. /

1772. J

No election until the issue of amandamus 24 Sept. 1773, when was elected

1773. Francis John Hext, jim.

1774. William Pennington.

1775. Robert Edyvean.

1776. John Hoblyn.

1777. John Wills.^

1778. Joseph Edycean.

1779. Francis John Hext.

1780. William Marshall.

1781. Leivis Marshall.

1782. William Hamley.

1783. John Pomeroy.

1784. No election until by man- damus, 3 June, 1785, when John Wills.

1785. No election until by man- damus, 10 March, 1786, when Francis John Hext.

1786. Joseph Edyvean.

1787. William Pennington.

1788. No election until by man- damus, 3 June, 1790, when

1789. Francis John Hext.§

1790. Lewis Marshall. §

1791. Francis John Hext.§

New Charter, Mayors elected 29 Sept.

1798. Walter Raleigh GUbert, from 27 Aug.

1799. John Edyvean.

1800. Joseph Edyvean.

1801. WUliani Hamley.

1802. William Flamank.

1803. John Pomeroy.

1804. Nicholas Phillipps.

1805. Edmund Gilbert.

1806. William Burrows.

1807. Samuel Spiller.

1808. John Wallis.

1809. Walter Raleigh GUbert.

1810. John Edyrean.

1811. John Pomerov.

1812. William Flamank, D.D.

1813. Nicholas Phillipps.

1814. William Burrows.

1815. Samuel Spiller.

1816. John Wallis.

1817. Robert Flamank.

1818. Joseph Hamley.

1819. Thomas Commins.

1820. John Bennett.

1821. William Phillipps.

1822. John Wallis, jun.

1823. Walter Raleigh Gilbert, 17 Nov. 11

I

* Died 20fh March, 1770. 1768. Sept. 24. "M'' Francis Hext jaW was this day elected Alderman, and M' John WUls Common-Conncil-man." Mr. Browne's Diary.

t 17G9. Sept. 24th. " There was no Mayor elected at Bodmin this day. 25th. This day Mr Hext, late Mayor, M' Whitfield, late Justice, and M' Hext jun' Dep' Towne Clerk, went to the Hall according to adjournment, but no persons attended but themselves." Mr. Browne's Diary.

t There was much irregularity and confusion in the proceedings of the Corporation about this period. No records seem to have been kept or else they are lost. We have been unable to verify this and the following mayors.

§ These last three elections proved to be illegal, and the Corporation was dissolved: vide judgment in Rex v. Bellringer.

II By mandamus, no election having been made on the proper day. There was a close contest between the rival parties, the election having been decided by a majority of one; for Gilbert IS ; for John Bennett 17.

LIST OF MATOES.

139

1824. Jolin WiiUis.

1825. Robert Flamank. 1.S2G. Josoph Hainley.

1827. John Wallis.

1828. No election. John Wallis stood over.

1829. Thomas Commins.

1830. John Bennett.

1831. John Wallis.

1832. Thomas Commins.

1833. John Wallis.

1834. Robert Flamank.*

Under the Reform Act. Mayors elected 9 November.

1835. John Ward, Jan. 1. 183G. Edward Pearce, Nov. 9.

1837. Joseph Hamley ,,

1838. Thomas Mudge

1839. Charles Coode ,,

1840. Edw. Mounsteven Wright

1841. John Cole Grose, Nov. 9.

1842. John Bligh Spiller „

1843. John Ward.

1844. John Basset Collins „

1845. The same

1846. James Liddell, Nov. 9.

1847. John Bligh Spiller „

1848. Thomas Mudge.

1849. John Basset Collins.

1850. Thomas Commins, jmi.

1851. William Serjeant.

1852. John Basset Collins.

1853. John Cole Grose.

1854. Robert Edyvean.

1855. Edmund Gilbert Hamley.

1856. Robert Edyvean.

1857. William Pascoe.

1858. William Serjeant.

1859. John Basset Collins.

1860. Thomas Commins.

1861. Henry Mudge.

1862. Henry Mudge.

1863. Joseph Oke.

1864. John Hichens.

1865. William Robert Hicks.

1866. John Basset Collins.

1867. George Pentire Parkyn.

1868. George Pentire Pai'kyn.

1869. John Crang.

Recorders.

1685. John Granville Earl of

Bath. 1804. Francis Basset Lord Ue

Dunstanville. 1822. Francis Charles, Marquis

of Hertford.

Common or Town Clerks.

1560. Thomas Kestell.

1568. Christopher Walker died

1589 (Par. Reg.) 1621. Nicholas Spray died 1625. 1635. John Perryman. 163G. Thomas Hoblyn. 1661. Edward Hoblyn. 1673. Thomas Hoblyn. 1 685. Edward Hoblynf died 1688.

M. I. No. 21. 1692. John Hoblyn died 1706-

Par. Reg. 1707. John Stephens.^ 1711 Thomas Hoblyn. 1728. Edward Hoblyn.§ 1731. John Laroach. 1769. Francis John Hext, jun. 1798. Charles Rashleigh. 1798. John Wallis. 1830. Richard Bray.

* The only existing member of tlie old Coqjoration uow alive is Francis Yanl Gilbert, es(i.

+ Seal: arms of Hoblyn difEerenced with a mullet.

J This gentleman bore the same arms as the family of Stephens of Leicester, Per chevnm azure and argent, in chief two falcons rising or. Crest, a demi-eagle, mngs expanded, or. We do not, however, trace his name in the pedigree printed in Nichols's Leicestershire, vol. i. p, fine monument is figured, plate 589.

§ Seal : arms of Hoblyn impaling three water bougets.

.iSC ; but in that pedigree the issue of several marriages is omitted to be entered. A

140 PARISH OF BODMIN.

BUEGESSES OF THE BOROUGH OF BODMIN RETURNED TO SERVE IN PARLIAMENT.*

&g	Place.
23t	Westm.
26	York
30	Loud.
32	Wcstm.
33}	Westm.
35}	Carlisle
1	North n.
2	Vrsiiii.
5	Westm.
4	Lond.

Burgesses.

Manucaptors.t

EDWAKD I.

J John Conling

( Kicharrt de St. Margaret

( Stejihen Cock

I Richard dc Bodyniel

( Richard de la Pole

I John Baby

( Wtlliiivi Caruhnll \ Mcholas Flanders

r William Camball

t John Dira

( John le Ros ( Richard le (li-os

EDWARD II

f John Bodcam

'- Richard Prnst

( M'ilVwm Ciirhiirra \ Expric Ilameley

Richard Chapelain

[ Nil.

j John Roppeley

! Oliver de Treshythany

I Nicholas Colyt

' John Aurifaber

i Adam Artnr

! Thomas Bodiniel

I Robert Capoun

1 Reginald del Temple

Walter Fleg:u-d

Adfim Strode Itichard Chun

( William Couling ( Roger le Taillor ( Roger Martyn ( Roger Lowys

j John de Ros I Richard le Gros ( Robert Plegha ( Thomas le Forester

Richard Caipeuter I Walter Borgeys I Thomas le Forester

Thomas de Aldstou

Roger Dedon I Roger Lowys 1 John Gernon ' Nicholas de Trewent

15	Place.
6	Westm.
C	Westm.
6	Westm.
7	Westm.
7	Westm.
8	Westm .
8	York
8	York
12	York
12	Northn.
14	Westm.

Burgesses.

Manucaptvre.

c John ConljTige

I. William Carballa

( John Scarlet

( Saldivin de Polgrwa

( Serlo Coynt

\ William de Pafford

r Amadis de Bodmyn § 1. William de Carburra f Amadis de Bodmyn

(. William de Carburra

( William Carburra ( William Cottlin Amadis de Bodmyn || William de Wrostok

r William Conlyng (. Amadis de Bodmyn

(-Amadis ( ^)

I Richard£atprust

{Amadis [de Tawam] *" Richard de Carburra r Roger Blake I Walter Dm

William Coulyng Walter T)yn , William Couer Roger Prilkes

! William Rossel ; John Martyn I Richard Carburra ■ Adam Carburra i Adam Artur . William Couer I John Babb , Roger Loky

( Stephen Cornier

( Andrew

( Stephen Cornier

j Richard de C

( William Carljalla ( Richard Heig t John Opps ( Thomas le Clerk C Richard Amydeu { John Ingelot f William Carburra ( Walter Carburra ( John Blake i Richard BUxke { Stephen Dyn ( John Dyn

* The names in italics are found in Browne Willis's List (Notitia Parliamentaria, vol. ii. p. CO) ; and, though unable to find any authority for them, we retain them thus distinguished. In some of the years there are no returns extant for Cornwall, nor were there in the middle of the seventeenth century when Prynne wrote. Indeed, in some of the years we cannot discover that Parliaments were held. Browne Willis himself says (vol. ii. pref. x), " he may have erred in repeating members' names in some parliaments, but that he would rather be redundant than defective."

f All the sheriffs exacted and* received from every knight, citizen, and burgess elected and returned to Parliament special manucaptors for his appearing at the day and place appointed by the writ, whose names they returned. Sometimes they reqaii'ed si.x, sometimes four, but usually two manucaptors, of good quality, for each person. The practice, though not required by the writs, continued until 12 Edward IV., though in the later reigns there were many omissions. (Previa Parliamentaria Rcdiviva, p. 5L)

} Except with respect to the parliaments thus marked (J), the original wTits are extant. In these cases the names arc obtained from the abbreviate<l Returns.

§ Writ for the expenses of Amadis de Bodmyn, only, for attendance from the Return day (2Gth July) until Thursday next after the Feast of St. Martin (25th Nov.) 7 Edw. II. Rot. Claus. 7 Edw. II. m. 20.

II Writ for the expenses of Amadis de Bodmin and William de Wrostok, for attendance at the parliament from the Return day (20th July) until Friday next before the Feast of St. Michael (27th Sept.), together with their charges for coming and returning. Test, at York 28th Sept. 8 Edw. II, (1314). Rot. Claus. Edw. II. m. 31 a.

^ The surname is omitted in the original Return, but Browne Willis has inserted " Tavemer."

*• Called by Willis Tavencr.

BURGESSES TO SERVE IX PARLIAMENT.

141

Place.

Bargesses.

York

Yorlt

(Kcnil- ( worth

Westm. Westm.

York

Line.

North.

New Sarum

Winton,

Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

York Westm.

Manucaptors.

( John Bylonn*

'- Richard ile London

(./«/(« Tuck

\ yickoldS Trcgit

j Walter Balaham

^ John de la Burv

I John Cecely

( Henrv de Trethewy

f John de Eglosheill l^ Robert de Landravne

EDWARD UL

{Riehard Bag Richard Stab r Nicholas le Somnour (■ Howell de Cruglas C William de Tregony

'■ Philip de Pengadm-

William son of Robert de St. Mabeii

Hugh Clerk f Robert son of William •^ Robert Broun ( John de Polmoma f^ Michael Wastel f William de Rcfrawcl '■ Roger de Carburra f John Billon "^ Hcnrr Billon c John de Carballa

I Robert Prust

Ilniry de Trcwijnard William Srior

■ Roger Tavlnr Walter Dyn i Roger le I3ere . John de la Pole

i Stephen Dyn [ Stephen Conlyng ; Rich'' de la Buri : Thomas le Clerk

|nu.

; Howcl le Clerk \ Ralph Kyngsman i Ralph Pridias ; Robert Pridias

J Roger Lokky i Walter Brag ( Robert Blak ( Roger Pencot ( Robert Caponn ( Williiim Arcbiir ( John Kykel ( Geoffry Textop ( John Odnm t William Crich j William Caruljcl ( Richard Ptnhal ( Richard Hod ( Robert Haukjni J Raliib Alynbom ( William Robyehonn ( Thomas Broun ( John Bran j Thcimas Richen ( William Hobbe ( Ralph Piilmonia \ William Sal ) Ralph Lokverc / William Malkvn ( Robert Lnkca " ( Haiiiel Wvlle j William ff.illyot ( Alan Gyle it ( Simon Bonn I Michael Mul j Adam Come I Rnl)ert Come j Richard Sot ( R.iliert Sot ( Robert Sot ( Ralph Sot

3(>

38

Phice.

^Vestm. I'ork

Northn.

Westm. Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

M'estm. Westm. Westm.

Westm.

Westm. Westm. Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

Burgesses.

( Thomas Gnlthmi/f/i \ John Polmnrna \ liiehard Cajjn/st \ \ Amadis Carballa

c Roger Niel

I Warin Trebel

( Bogcr Carhiirra \ John Fitz Bogcr f John Blahe \ Itohcrt Pcntquit,jitn.

C Roger de Pencoyt, jnn.

I John Blake

C Boger Blahe [ Walter Dyn

f William Scarlet

I. John de Treworgy

( Walter Balaham

\ John dc la Bran

j John Blake

( John Baggel

( John Pcury

\ Boger de Cariurra

{Jordan RcjTieward RogerdeKylminawarth C John de Tremayn

f- Ivo Crabbe

( (Blegiblc) I Ivo Crabbe

{John de Tremaen John Caerou C John de Polmonia t- John Martyn r John I lamely (.Ralph Trevysa

{Ralph Restalek Mathew Dabenioun j- John Vppecotc 1. Mathew Dabernoun

Manucaptors.

Robert Lux WUliam Lux \ Roger Amdyn William Amdyn

( Richard Pcnquyt ( Lam-ence Lorymere ( Symon Smyth ( Robert Heym

Simon Scarlet Gilbert Scarlet Adam Treworgy . Michael Trewynt

Illegible

( William Re^-newanl ( Richard Rcjnicward ( Roger Robyn I William Viner ( John Ron \ R.ibert Ron \ John Scot i Joceus Scot

I Illegible

( John Mab

( M'illiam Knappo

\ John Dun

( William Chin

( Alan Osbern

I William (illegible)

1 John Pcticrn

\ John Pich..

( Richard Cok

[ RoluTt II ml

( Robert God

I William Clap

( Adiim Roch

I William Cok

C Richard Cat

\ John Core

( Riehard Daw

\ Roliert Bant '

{ Thomas Romine

I Robert Rnmine

• John Bylonn was knight for the shire in the parliament of the 20 Edward II. and was allowed •t,<. a day for his expenses for sixty days from the morrow of the Feast of the Epiphany, whilst going, staying, and returning. (Rot. Clans. 1 Edw. III. p. 1.) He, or some one of the same name, was again knight for the shire in 24 and 30 Edw. III.

2o

142

PARISH OF BODMIX.

Burgesses.

Manncaptors.

Burgesses.

Manucaptors.

42

45 47 .50

1(1

12

12

13

15

IG

Webtm. Winton Westm. Westm.

Westm. Glonc.

W'cstm.

Westm.

i yeiv [Sai'um

IVestm. Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

Caiub.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm, Winton

■ Thomas fforde

. John Vde John Jcnrell

{John SjTnond Roger Rogger

f John Crihlcdcnc \ Nicholas Bohellc

RICHARD II.

( John Irell (Juell) I Itohert Foi-de

( Roger Rogger I Stephen Bant

r John Swailhj { John Britton

{John Briton John Wodylly

f WUlinm Britton \ John Britton i John Britton I IVilliam Bloiou

r Stephen Bant 1 John Tregonek j- John Breton, jun. I, Henry Bandyn

{Stephen Bant John Syreston r John Breton I Henry Bandyn

. Roger de Carlnm-a

J John son of Roger ( Blake

, John Breton \ Henry Bandyn

{John Briton Thomas Bcre r John Breton

(. John Drew

[ Adam Ron 1 Richard Davy I \yilliam Dene 1 Rol)ert Som

Henry Ron William Caw ; William Dene Richard Dene

IS

20

21

f John Solace { William Squicr Robert Billon Richard Dene

i (illegible) I John Witt j William Lor I John Ho.

\ John Dene

Richard Dene ■ John Raulcy

John Clerk I John Monnt I Richard Wyn

: Adam

I Richard ft'acy I Roger Cole I Richard Jon

j Roger

[ William Ycm

j John West

I Michael Werj'ng

r John Cancll

[ Richard Bomys

r Walter de Carbnrra

[ Robert Grcsse

r Roger Blake

[ William Blake

j John Thorne

[ Thomas Doune

r Thomas Hod

I John Thorne

r John Due

[ Richard Dnc

.John Bcre i Ralph ffol I John Grendon j William Grey I Simon Coule

Westm.

Westm.

AVestm,

Westm.

Westm Westm Glonc.

Westm. Westm.

Leic.

Westm.

Westm. Westm.

Westm.

Gloue.

Westm.

Westm. Westm.

Westm.

f John Tregos I Thomas Bcre

{Thomas Bere Stephen Trencwyth {John Trelonny John Breton

( John

( Henry Man j John Lasch ( HeniT Lam ( John Bere \ Stephen ffairforde ( Roger Moill ( Thomas fforde ( John Danyell

John Cubar

John NicoU

John Lange

HENRY IV.

- John Burgh

' James Haloppe

John NicoU

William Slyngesby

John Xicoll \ WiUiiim SHn//shi/ i Michael ffrodon ( Michael Hoge

{Otho Ti'egonan Michael Moyll ( Otho Tregonan l John Wyse

[ Thomas Moyl 1 Roliert fftirdc i Thomas Moyl 1 Robert fforde

;Nil.

John NicoU

John Lange

J NicoU

( Tregonan

( illegible { illegible { John Sken { John Skerlat ( Roger Martyn ( Nicholas Heligan

HENRY V.

{John Bntte Robert Treyage {John Butt Otho Tregonan

J John Michell \ William SlingesVy i Otho Tregonan \ Nicholas Jop

Otho Tregonan

John Trewooff

{Richard Alet Benedict Buigeys I John Trewaeyff

l Nicholas Bony

Midiael Lawhyer Roliert Treyage Otho Tregonan David Vrban William Cheyntlcyn rhilip Metty

[ Simon Westcote 1 Roliert Pyyn I John Polrede ' Serlo Wvse ; Robert Malet ; Roger Clay j John Trote ; Richard Tallak

Nil

John NicoU Ralph Glouer Roger Martyn John Jopp John Trote John Peyntour John Drewe Richard Hole John NicoU John I'cyutcr Thomas Pantcr Henry Harvy .John Gvlmvn Williani Julie

BrRGESSES TO SERVE IN PARLIAMENT.

1^3

riuce.

10 11 13

Westm.

Westni.

Westm. Lcic.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm. Westm. Westm.

Bur^'esscs

Manucaptors.

HENRY VI. f Richard Ti"es\'tliii_v l John Wyse C John Cork

I Thomas C<)k\ii

( John NicoU ( Otlio Tregonan ( Thomas Broun i Walter I'ers

{Richard Tresythiiy John Poheden

( William Pcnfouu j Walter Moill

f William Penfoun

'• Adam Peyntour

( Adam Pe3'ntour I Walter Movie ( Nicholas Roche \ Thomas Herford ( Ricliard Tregoys ( John Trote

( John Hikkedou

1 John Broun Richard Davy

I John Kyiigdon

[ James Ivy

I Richard Ivon

j Richard Ware

I Ralph Alet Nicholas Hylle Nicholas Knolle John NycoU John Paynton

i John Conk

1 William Panter

i John Doun Richard iTon Thomas Bere John Trote John West Edmund Beket Richard Simon John Baker Henry Cory Ivo Wyke Walter Pole Thomas Pate John Cory John Gyon

Place.

Burgesses.

14	U'estm.
1.5	Cant.
20	Westm.
25	Westm.
27	Westm.
28	Westm.
31	Reading
33	Westm.
7	Westm.
12	Westm.
17	Westm.

Manucaptors.

( RicJinrd Tregoys \ John Trote

. James fflamank

( Thomas Lanhergy

f Thomas Lucombc ( John Treffirye

(■John Pay

t William Dcnband

I Nicholas Bokelly ( Thomas Lanhergy ( Thomas Lanhergy j William Byschop

John Gargrave

John Cok

{Bartholomew Trote William Bedstan

EDWARD IV.

\ John Dcvyok ; John Moyle

\ John Fyneux Henry Chelu'k

( John Wythyell \ John Mathy ( Walter Pole ( Thomas Bere

John Selman

John Porter ( John Raulyn ( Thomas Carleyghan ( .lohn Polglas ( .John Aneryan

Nil. I Nil.

I Nil.

( Elias Gyon \ Henry Swan t ,Tohn Torfrey i Hugh Loners

Adam Stone Hugh Louell

From the 17tli Echv. IV. no returns are extant until 1 Edw. VI., with the exception of one bundle containing a few in very bad condition, and almo.st illegible, for the 33rd Henry VIII., but in tlii.s bundle there is no return for Cornwall, nor is there in a bundle for 1st Edw. VI. There are four bundles for the reign of Queen Mary, and six for that of Elizabeth, but the returns for Bodmin are missing in some of these. From the close of the last mentioned reign no writs or returns are extant luitil the Restoration, after which we have adopted the lists printed by Browne Willis, Beatson, and other author.s.

Burgesses.

6&7

HENRY VIII.

I ( John Flaniaiik* I Thonnis Nott

Westm.

MARY.

i Henry Chyverton I Thomas Mildmave

Place.

1&2

Burgesses.

llennj Chjircrtoit John- Sulla rd

Oi'f. I'HILIP AND MARY.

Westm.

2&3| Westm,

• Mayor's Accounts,

John Courtenay Raljih MychcU Thomas VVillyams Uunijihry Cavell

4,5-5

Westm.

Burgesses.

• Sir Walter llunjer- ' ford, Knt. . John Norris

ELIZABETH.

... , IS John Mallett

( Francis liroKne

144

PARISH OF BODIIIN.

43

1

12 18 21

Is	Place.
5	Westm.
13	Westm.
14	Westm.
27	Westm.
28	Westm.
31	Westm.
35	Westm.
39*	Westm.

Borgesses.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm.

Westm. Westm.

Westm.

( John Mallett ( Francis Browne f Hnmpliry Smith \ John Etitell \ Thomas Cromwell I Edmund Pawley ( John Audelnj \ Gilbert Michell \ Brutus Srotrne \ Emanuel Chamond J Hngh Becston I Emannel Chamond 5 Anthony Bennett \ Riehard Chamond

{Bernard Grenville, High Sheriff John Herbert ( William Loner \ John Piggot

JAMES I.

John Stone icholas Spraie

Richard Connock { (Lansd. MS. 1191) f Jolm Trecor, Knt. \ James Ba////,Junr. ( Thomas Stafford, Knt. \ CharlcsBcrkehy,Knt.

CHARLES I.

Bohert Oesar Henry Jermyn

iJoh

Westm.

Westm.

n'estm.

Westm.

{Riehnrd Weston, Knt. Chane. of Exch. Henry Jermyn J Robert Kelligretr, Knt. I I Humphry Xiehols

{Richard Prideauje Richard Wynne, Knt. I and Bart. {John Arundell Anthony Xichols , Thomas Walker

12	Westm.
13	Westm.
31	Westm.
31	Westm.
32	Westm.

1 Westm.

CHARLES n.

/ Hender Rnbarts

I John Silly

) Sir Peter Kelligrew,

Knt.t . Sir John Carew, Bart. ' Hender Robarts j Sir James Smith, Knt. Bernard GreenTillef f Hender Robarts ( Nicholas Glynn ( Hender Robarts I Nicholas Glynn { Hender Robarts I Nicholas Glvnn

JAMES n.

t Hender Robarts

I Nicholas GljTin

Place.

Burgesses.

WILLIAM AND MART.

1 Westm.

!

i

2 I ...

12

r Sir John Cutler, Knt. j and Bart. I Nicholas Glynn

{Sir John Cutler, Knt. and Bart. Nicholas Glynn

7 10
12 13	1

Westm.

WILUAM m.

Hon. Russell Robartes

John Hnblyn

Hon. RnsseU Robartes

John Hoblyn i Hon. Russell Robartes

John Hobh-n . Hon. Russell Robartes

John Hoblvn

ANT?E.

( John Hoblyn

( Rt. Hon. John How*

J John Hobl™ §

I Hon. Francis Robartes

( Hon. Rnssell Robartes

( John Trevanion

I Hon. Rnssell Robartes

I Hon. Francis Robartes

J Hon. Francis Robartes

I Thomas Sclater Bacon

From this date the year of Our Lord is adopted instead of the regnal years, and the Parlia- ments have heen all held at Westminster.

A.V>.	GEORGE I.	A.D.	C CharlesEarlof Bnr-	A.D. 1722	Richard West %	A.D.	GEORGE II.
	/■ John Leigh ) Hon. Francis Ro-	1718	) ford (vice Ro-	Isaac Lebeaup	1727	J John Laroche ( Robert Booth
1715		l bartes, dec.)	1727	John Laroche (vice
	l bartes ||			West, dec.)

• There seems to haye been some difficulty in the election of bnrgesses for this parliament. The parliament was sum- moned for 24th Oct!)ber. On 22nd September there was a meeting, and John Herbert only was elected. The day for the asscml)ling of parliament was drawing near, and on the 4th October another meeting of the electors was held, and the high sheriff himself was returned as one of the bnrgesses for Bodmin.

t Double Returns, the last taken off.

X In his place, chosen for co. Glonc. Hon. Francis Robartes, esq.

§ In his place, deceased, Thomas Heme, esq.

II A teller of the Exchequer, one of the Commissioners of the Rercnue in Ireland died — a new writ issued July 8, 1718.

^ Made Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and a new wTit being issued, he was re-elected and died ; new writ 18th Jan. 1727.

MANOR AND LORDSHIP OF BODMIN.

145

A.D. 1733

1734

1741

1741 1753

1754

1762

1762

17G8 1774

f Sir John Ilcath- < cote, Bart, (vice (- Booth, dec.) r John Laroilie ■j Sir John Ilciithcote, <- Bart. ( Jolin Laroche I Tliomas Bhxdworth* ( John Laroche ( Sir Will. Irby.Bart.f George Hunt (vice Laroche, dec.) ( Sir William Irby, ■ Bart.J (.George llnut

GEORGE III.

i .John Parker

; George Hunt

' Sir Christopher Treise, kut. (vice Parker, resigned)

i James Laroche

! George Hunt

j James Laroche §

I George Hunt

1 780

1784t 1789 1790tt

1796

18U1 1802 1802

1806

1806

1807

GEOKGE lU.

C William Master-

I man ll ^ George Hunt 1 Sir John Morshead, ] Bart.

( Thomas Hunt** George Wilbraham (vice Hunt dec.) \ Sir John Morshead, < Bart.

( Roger Wilbraham I Sir John Morshead, I Bart. ( John Nesbit ( .John Nesbit ( Sir John Morshead j Charles S. Le Fevr'e ( JosiasDnprePorcher ( John Sergent (vice j Le Fevre, 1802) f James Topping (vice } Sergent, resigned l 1806)

J William Wingfield ( Davies (Jiddy I Sir William Oglan- I der, Bart. ( Davies Giddv

A.D. 1812

1812

1818

1820

1826 1830 1831

1832 1835

Right Hon. Charles

Bathurst (vice Og-

lander) Davies Giddy Right Hon. Charles

Bathurst (Chanc.

of Duchy Lancas- ter) Davies Gilbert Thomas Braddyll Davies Gilbert John Wilson Ci'oker

(Secretary to the

Admiralty) Davies Gilbert Horace B. Seymour Davies Gilbert Horace B. Seymour Davies Gilbert Horace B. Seymour AVilliam Peter Sii' Samuel Thomas

Spry Sir Samuel Thomas

Spry Charles Crespigny

Vivian

A.D.

1837

1841

1843

1847 1851

1852

1856 1859

1865 1868

Sii- Samuel Thomas

Spry

Charles Crespigny

Vivian Charles Crespigny

Vivian John Townshend

Earl of Leicester Sir Samuel Thomas

Spry (vice Vivian,

succeeded to the

Peerage) James Wyld HemyCharlesLacyJI James Wyld Henry Charles Lacy William Michell,

M.D. CharlesBruneGraves

Sawle Hon. C. W. Vivian James Wyld Hon'''« Edw. Fred.

Leveson Gower James Wvld Hon»'ie Edw. Fred.

Leveson Gower James Wyld Honi"'!! Edw. Fred.

Leveson Gower

MANOR AND LORDSHIP OF BODMIN.

Wo have seen that this ancient and important Lord.sln'p was held by the Prior and Convent of Bodmin from a period beyond the reach of accnrato history. It contained the borough of Bodmin, and was surrendered to the Crown by Prior Wandesworth in tlie year 1538. Previously to the surrender we find no mention made of more than 07ie Manor of Bodmin, but soon after the date of that event we discover records which relate to Aarious lands designated as " Manors of Bodmin," which seem not to have any connection with the old conventual manor. This would appear, in some measure, to sustain the statements of Lysons and other writers, more especially of the late Rev. John Carne, that several manors existed bearing the name of Bodmin,§§ viz. :

* Groom of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales, t Chamberlain to the Prince of Wales.

X Cliamberlain to the Princess Dowager of Wales. On the dissolution of this parliament he was created Baron Boston of Boston, in co. Lincoln.

§ Created a Baronet 24th Aug. 1776.

II Clerk of the Council and Registrar of the Duchy of I.,ancaster.

^ William Mnsterman, esq. petitioned.

** Brother of the late member. Died. New writ ordered Nov. 1789, when Mr. Wilbraham was elected.

ff Sir James Laroche and several of the electors petitione<l.

XX Sir Samuel Spry petitioned against this return, but the committee declared both members duly elected.

§§ " Attempt to identify the Domesday manors of Cornwall." (Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. 1865.)

2 p

146 PARISn OF BODMIN.

1. The Honour of St. Petrock, the property of the Corporation of Bodmin.

2. A Manor of Bodmin, the property of Basset of TehidJ^

3. A Manor of Bodmin, the property of Mr. Robartes* of Lanhydrock.

4. A Manor of Bodmin, the property of Lord Clinton.

5. Tlie Manors of Bodmin and Bo.soarne, the property of the Honorable George Fortescue.

6. Tlie Manor of Bodmin Francis.

7. The Manor of Bodmin Kirland.

With respect to the 1st we may say that we have found no evidence whatever of its existence. The town clerk of Bodmin knows nothincr of it.

2. The Manor held by the Basset family was the old Priory Manor, and will be treated of presently.

3. Lord Eobartes states that he has not, and, so fai* as he knows, his family never had, any manorial privileges attached to his Bodmin lands.

4. 5, and 6. These Manors will be treated of presently.

7. Bodmin Kirland. With reference to this Manor, see the account of the Priory Manor.

Tliere seems, however, considerable doubt whether any of these so-called Manors (except the Priory Manor) were ever ancient manors, or possessed any manorial privileges or franchises. We have never seen a Coiu't Roll connected with them.

THE PEIORY MANOR OF BODMIN.

This ancient lordship, though deprived of its appurtenant members, would appear to have remained vested in the Crown until the year 1611, when, by a charter dated 14th March, 8th James I., it was granted {inter alia) to Geoi'ge Whitmore and Thomas Whitmore of the city of London, Esquires,t and to their heirs and assigns for ever,| with all and singular its rights, mem- bers, liabilities, and appurtenances whatsoever ; together with two closes called the Vicar's Close and Heckwell Park ; also one messuage in Lancarre, ats Lancarfe, parcel of the same manor ; also

* Raised to the Peerage, whilst these sheets were being passed throngh the press, br the name, style, and title of Bai'on Robartes of Lanhydrock, and of Truro, in the county of Cornwall. (Lond. Gazette, 2Gth Nov. 1869.)

+ A certain John Edrcd, the Whitmores, and others, were contractors for the puichase of crown lands. Lauds in fee simple were assigned to them to the amount of 500/. per annum, old rents, for which they were to pay 46 years' purchase; and certain lands, of the value of 2,000/. per annum, at the rate of 22 years' purchase; the purchase-money amounting, in the whole, to 67,000/., of which they were to pay, before the 24 June 1609, 30,000/.; before the last day of December, 9,250/.; before the last day of March then next following, 9,250/.; aud the residue before the last day of June 1610. (State Papers, Dom. Corr. June 1609. Vol. xlv. No. 59.)

% Pat. Rolls 8th Jas. I. p. 44 m. 8.

THE PRIORY MANOR OF BODMIN. 147

a close called Streyes Park, within the same manor ; also a wood called Margaret Wood,* con- taining 80 acres, within the Manor of Bodmin, the whole described as late parcel of the possessions of the late monastery of Bodnijn (the advowson of the church and the mills were excepted). The amiual value was stated to be 351. 5s. Til. clear, and it was granted to be held of the manor of East Greenwich in free and common socage and not in capite. The Manor, however, did not long continue in the hands of these grantees, for in 1620 wo tind it belonged to Richard Danyell, Esq. as ajipears from the Inquisition -j- taken upon the deatli of Thomas Achym.

The Manor of Bodmyn ats Bodman and Keirland was, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, part of the possessions of the unfortunate Fi'ancis Tregian, of Golden, Esq., who was convicted of premunire in the 21st of that sovereign's reign for harbouring a Romish jiriest, and forfeited his estates. It is stated in an Inquisition taken imder a special commission, dated 10th June, 5th Charles I., to have consisted of seven messuages, 40 acres of land, 10 acres of meadow, 40 acres of pasture, and 100 acres of furze and heath, with appurtenances in Boisland, Powdoi'ne Parks, Lostwithiel, Keirland, Norton, Lancarfe, Woodland, Castrete, and Berryland, in the parishes of Bodmin and Lostwithiel, and as being of the value of 151. per annum.

In 42 Elizabeth, George Lord Hunsdon, and the Lady Elizabeth his wife, granted a lease of a tenement in Borelane, and a close of land containing four acres in Keirland Vean, to Robert Nycoll of Bodmin, by copy of Court RoU according to the custom of the Manor of Bodmin -,1 but in what way Lord Hunsdon became possessed of this manor, or how it afterwai'ds became ab- sorbed into the Priory Manor, we have no evidence to show. The matter is very obscure. The whole, however, soon after this date would seem to have been acquired by purchase by the Rash- leigh family, in which family it remained vested until the latter half of the eighteenth century, when they sold it to the Honourable Sir Elijah Impey. In the year 1787 Sir Elijah, by deed dated 27tli February, § in consideration of the sum of 4,600/., conveyed to Richard Barwell of Stansfield, co. Sussex, Esq., all those two several manors called Bodmin, otherwise Bodmin Kir- land, and Bodmin, situate, lying, and being in the parishes of Bodmin, St. Issey, St. Kew, and Holland, II chargeable with the yearly rent of lis. lOd., payable for ever to His Majesty for the site and Priory of Bodmin. Li the following year, by deed dated the 29th of February 1788,1[ Richard Barwell, Esq. conveyed the site of the Priory to William Pennington, Esq. leaving the

* Margaret Wood, containing besides waste Ixx. acres Callywyth Wood „ Ixxx. acres

Tnington Wood „ xii. acres

clxii. acres was on 19th July, 1583, let on a lease for 21 years to Thomas Hancock at the rent of £4 10s. id. per annum. (Particular of Leases, Aug. Office, m. 4.)

In this wood and on the neighbouring farm of Margate Stepps that very rare Cornish plant the Liyimtlcum Cornit- Vlmise was in the year 1818 found growing in great abundance. About the year 1780 Mr. William Pennington had found it growing near Bodmin, perhaps at the same place, and had sent many specimens to Sir Joseph Banks, It had previously been lost for many years. (The Trinnijjb of Old Age, an elegiac poem, occasioned by the death of Mr. Gilbert of the Priory. Bodmin, J. I.iddcll and Son, 1S18, p. 167.)

t Inq. p.m. 18th James I. liundlc 27, No. 84. % Si)eeial Connnissions, G Charles I.

§ Deed at the Priorj', Bodmin. || See terrier annexed. f Deed at the Priory, Bodmin.

148

PARISH OF BODMIX.

above rent chargeable iipon the manor ; and in the following 3-ear be alienated the manor to Sir Francis Basset, Bart.* afterwards (1794) created Lord de Dunstanville.

The manors of Bodmin and Bodmin Kirland being thus vested in Sir Francis Basset, after 1812, in some manner which we have not discovered, it passed to Mr. Beauchamp Tucker, who within a few years last passed dismembered the manors and sold the tenements separately. The remaining manorial rights, consisting of a few trifling high-rents, &c., but shorn of all the great franchises and irammiities which anciently appertained to the Priory Manor, were purchased by Mr. William Marks of Bodmin, subject to the payment of the rents reserved, so that this ancient lordship has ceased to exist.

The manor pound is in Crinnick's lane.

TERRIER OF THE MANOR OF BODMIN 1787.

Name of Tenants.

Hill Park, Three Comer Close, Stone Park, Broad Park (Steppes)

Toft in Bore Street .

Close of ground at Castle Street head

■Waste in Raine Street .

Two Closes in Bore Street .

Stable in Bogg Lane .

Close in Castle Street .

Stable in Pool Street .

Dwelling House in N ich' St.

Toft and decayed Dwelling

House Priory Meadow . Priory Moor. Priors' Bam.

Eirland Veighan .

Close in Berry Lane

Little Kirland

Bnsh Meadow

Part of Priory Honse and

Garden Other part of Priory House .

Dwelling Honse and Orchard Daughter Parks iu Priors'

Bam Lane Dwelling House in Fore Street Orchard near Priory .

34

3 roods

1 rood

3 ac;

3 1

0 1 22

John Cock

Elicia Powell, Widow

* Addl. MS. 9418, 88.

William Peimington, Esq. Borough of Bodmin

Nicholas Hill . Thomas Monnsteven

Jonathan Rashleigh Nicholas Clemoe

Roger Dan

Charles Hickes

John Stone

John Rawe

George King .

Susanna Hosken William Fowler, Esq.

Laurence Thomas, Yeom.

George King, Gent.

Robert Thomas

William Pennington,Esq.

John Wills . William Pennington

I Susanna Hosken 11 0 William Pennington, Esq.

Lease for 3 lives.

Lease for lives. Rent 2.<. Lease for lives. Rent 6s. Sd. ;

H. n,i. id.

Lease for lives. Rent 2.«. 6d. Lease for lives, Rent os. ; heriot

£1. Lease for lives. Rent is. ; h. 10».

Lease for lives. Rent 4<. ; heriot : 6s. Sd. I Lease for lives. Rent 4«.

Lease for lives, Rent Ss. ; Ca- I pon Is.; heriot 6s. Sd. Lease for lives. Rent 16s. 6!?.

Lease for lives, £i Is.; Capon Is.; Heriot £3.

Lease for lives. Rent 12s.; Ca- pon Is.; Heriot £1 4s.

Lease for lives. Rent 5s. ; 6s. 8d. heriot.

Lease for Uves, Rent 12s.; Ca- pon Is.; Heriott £1 4s.

Lease for Uves, Rent 15s.; Ca- pon Is. ; Harvest Journey or id.; Heriot £1.

Lease for lives. Rent 10s. ; Is.

Lease, Rent 10s. ; Heriot 5s.

Lease for lives. Rent £2 10s. Lease for lives. Rent 10s.

Lease for lives. Rent 18s. Lease for lives. Rent 2s. 6d. ; H. 2s. 6d.

5IAN0R OF BODMIX MARTTN.

149

Tenements. Area.	Name of Tenants.	Parisli.	Tenure.
Wliitwell I'lirk . . .500	.John Wills .		Lease for lives. Rent £2 G.s-. 8(7.
Five Fields in Priors' Barn	John Eyre		Lease for lives. £1 ; Heriott 1.*. ;
Lane			Capon Is. ; Harvest Journey id.
Toft on Site of Priory, and	...	Edward Wills		Lease for lives. Rent 10a. ;
Bowling Green				Capon Is.; Harvest Journey or id. ; and heriot IDs.
Great Priory Meadow .	4 acres	John Evre		Lease for lives. Rent £1.
Malt House ....		John Wills .	...	Lease for lives, Rent os.
Dwellinpr House in Priory .		John P^yre		Lease, Rent£l 2,s-.; Her. 2.*. (»/.
Dccayoil Mill and Mill House,		John Eyre		Lease, Rent £1 2s. 6d.; Heriot
and two Moors and Toft				£2.
Trevear ....	...	John Pemiearing .	St. Isscy	Lease, Rent £1.; Capon or is.; Heriot, best Beast
i-Field in Castle Street	1 acre	Charles Hicks		Lease, Rent 18.v.
Dwellinfr House, Garden,		Parish Officers of St.	St. Kcw	Lease, Rent 8.s'.; Capon or \s.:
Orchard, and one Close		Kcw		Harvest Journey or id.; and
near Orchard, one Close				Leet Journey or 3f/. ; Her.
byPeno:enow,and oneField				£1 Ws.
called "Hill Park," and
oneClose called " Helsbury
Wood" in Trclill
Parsons' Tent in Trelill, and	7	William Inch .	St. Kew	Lease, Rent 18«. for 2 years and
three Closes				£9. afteiTvards; Heriot 16s.
Killcnongh al's Callenough			Helland.
Three Houses called Billing's	...	...	Bodmin.
House in Castle Street,
Cottell's House and Gar-
den, Phillips' House and
Garden ; Hol.ljs' Malt-
house in Priory. Chief
Rent paid bv ISoro', 2s.;
High Rent o"f £1 out of
Tower Hill in Bodmin ;
Chief Rent of 12.*. ont of a
Dwelling-house in Bodmin.
High Rent of £1 Vi.t. it/.

MANOR OF BODMIN MARTYN.

This manor, wliieh has been jiopularly known as Lord Clinton's Manor of Bodmin, consisted, without doubt, of the lands of inheritance of the ancient family of Martyn of Bodmin, which were acquired by the Trcfusis family by the marriage in 25tli Honry VI. of Otho Trefu.sis, son and heir of John Trefusi.s, witii Joan the eldest daughter and coheir of Roger Martyn. It is doubtful if it was ever properly a Manor, or enjoyed any franchises or privileges as such. It has, however, l)een so designated, though we have not seen it mentioned in any ancient record. Oin- first notice of it is in 1555,* when Nicliolas Trefusis, great-grandson of the above mentioned Otho, suffered a recovery in this Manor and in the Manors of Tretliewy and Treganiethan to l{ol)ert Denys and Thomas Tregoodoch, Esquires. Tliis was, without doubt, for purposes of settlement

* Recoveries 1st Phil, aud Mary. Easter.

2q

150 PARISH OF BODMIN.

and not an alienation, for the Manor still continued in the Trefusis family. In 1698,* Samuel Trefusis, Esquire, in the same manner, suffered a recovery in this and many other Manors and lands to George Townsend, in which recovery this Manor is described as the Manor of Bodmin Martin. It continued vested in the Trefusis family until the present century, when it appears to have been sold. The late Kev. John Wallis, in a letter dated 6 Slarch lS1.3,t addressed to Mr. Lysons, says : " Mr. Commins, an attorney of this town, purchased, on Thursday last, the manor of Bodmin, Lord Clinton's, resold by order of Chancery." Neither Lord Clinton nor Mr. Commins are able to give any information concerning this sale, and the lands have since been sold in parcels.

THE MANORS OF BODMYN AND BOSCARNE.

The Manors of Bodmyn and Boccaren were, in the 16th centmy, the lands of inheritance of the family of Bevill, and were held in succession by Sir William Bevill, Knt.J Philip Bevill, and John Bevill, whose daughter Elizabeth carried these and other lands in marriage to Sir Bernard Grenville, Knt.§ who with others in 1628 suffered a fine therein to John Mohun, Esq.|| who, soon afterwards, was created Baron Mohun of Okehanipton. This, probably, was by way of mortgage, for these manors descended to Sir Bevill Grenville, son and heir of Bernard,^ whose son and heir Sir John Grenville sold the fee to John Lord Mohun, whose second son and eventual heir Warwick Lord Mohun compounded for the Manor of Bodmin in 16.50 at 26/. 3s. M. rent improvable, and 8/. dry rent, and paid two years' value. It was afterwards alleged that the value was under-esti- mated. He replied that all his rents in tlie Manor before 1640 were about 40?. a-year, but not 20L of them improvable afler the lives ; for the whole Manor was not worth above 120/. per annum if it were all in hand, and that it consisted mostly in houses, so that he had over allowed his improvable rents and omitted his dry rents.**

Sir John Grenville, in 1657, ff quit-claimed the Manor to Warwick Lord Mohun. Cliarles Lord Mohun died in 1712, s. p. having by his wiU devised these Manors, and his other real estate, to the Honorable Cliaides Mordaunt and Elizabeth Lady Molum relict of tlie deceased, who, by deed dated 20 July 1720,tt conveyed the Manors of Bodmyn and Boscame to the Honorable Thomas Pitt of Old Sarum, together M'ith se^•eral other Manors and Lordships, fi.-om whom they descended to the late Lady Grenville, who demised them to the Honorable George Mathew Fortescue of Boconnoc, the present possessor.

* EecoTeries 10th WilUam UI. Easter. t Addl. JI.S. 9420, fo. 242.

J In 1598 Sir Henry Knp'ett, Knt. and John Greenwood, Gent, levied a fine of Sir William Bevill. Knt. of the manors of Bodni™ and Lannowmere (Pedes Finium, 40 Elizab. Easter) ; and the same vear a Recoverr was passed, in which Thomas Lord Howard and Thomas Knyvett. Esq. were petitioners against John Greenwood, Gent, concerning these manors and several others, in which Sir William Bevill was called to warrant. This was nndonbtedly for purposes of settlement. (Recoveries 40 and 41 Elizab. Michs.)

§ Withicl Register. 1592. Barnard Grenville, Esquire, et Elizabeth Bevill nnpt. 10 July.

II Pedes Fininm, 3 Charles. Easter. % 1595. Bevill Alius Bernardi GrenfiU ar. bap. 1 Marcii.

*• Royalist Comp. Papers, vol. xxxix. ft Deeds at Boconnoc.

THE MANORS OF B0D3IVN AND BOSCARNE.

151

Courts of these manors were regularly held as late as the year 1813, but they have been discontinued for many years, and most of the tenements comjirising the Manors have been sold otf to di\ors persons, so that the Manors are now dismembered.

Manno'' of Bodmyn. — The accompt of Thomas Durant Reive there, made the xxix"' of October, 1635, for one yeare ended at the feast of St. Michael Tharkangle last i)ast.*

Imprimis, reed for higli rents

Itm. for convenconary Rents

Itm. for xij ('aj)ons

Itm. for xij liar iorneys .

Itm. for xij chickens

Itm. for a Joll of Sallraon

Itm. for j bushell of otes

Itm. for j goose

Itm. f(jr tlie rent of Goodman ani

Itm. foi- j capon .

Itm. for the pquisites of Courts

xliij'* iij** ob q, 1 paire of gloves.

Vnffars

xxvij'' iij^ iiij'' xij'

yS yijjd

xviij'' xij"

xiji xxvj'

Xijd

Newe purchas'd lands.

High I'ents Convenconary Rents iiij"' Capons

j Pigg • ij Sallmons

xij'' V*

xij'' if viijd

Tlie whole charge is xliiij'' xiiij' vij'' ob q, 1 paii'c of gloves.

xxvij' vij" xviij'l

ii.i'' iij" iiij" iij''

Thereof goeth out for high rent .

To Mr. Opy for high rent of Cluck Mill

More paitl to the Lady Carnsewe 17" Ja. 1G34

More paid lier 28° Martij 1635 .

More paid Mr. Nicholas Gilbert 30 May 1635

More paid to Lady Carnsewe x" July 1635

More paid her x" Octo. 1635

More he prayeth to be respited for the rent of

William Prust More for Mr. Opyes decayed High Rent

Some jf xvij'' xiiij' x'' And soe rcmayneth xxyj'' xix' ix"^ ofe % 1 paire of gloves.

* Original at Boconnoc.

152

PARISH OF BODMIN.

EENT ROLL OF THE MANORS OF BODMYN AND BOSCARNE, 1747.*

MANOR OF BODMYN.

Tenants.	Tenements.	Rents.
		£	s. ,L
Blake, Marv	Part of 2 fields, called Four Acres		11 IJ
Bradley, Mr. Frank	Bumards Field	1	0 0
Do	Popham's Stitch		3 4
Bullock, Mr. Richd. his Exec'	Several Fields	1	1 l>
Do.	2 Fields, part of Great Buskear		10 0
Cottle, Mr. Charles	Webbers Moore	8	(1 4
Do.	Garden, &c
Cock, Jane	House, &c	1	13 4
P>re, Thomas	A Stitch at Castreet head		2 0
Hoblrn, Mr. John	Borewell Meadows	1	y 0
Jewell, Phillip	1 Field, now 2, called " Three Acres "		11 \\
Do.	House and Backside in St. LawTence		2 0
Marshall, Grace, her E.xec'	Backside, stable, and Stitch in Crunick's lane		13 4
Marshall, Mr. William	The Tavemt '.	3	0 (1
Do. or Elizab. Marshall	A Garden in Rind Street		1 0
Marshall, Mr. Stephen	House, &c	2	8 8
May, John	Bralnii's Field in Pound Lane		6 0
May, Richard	A Stitch in Bndinuell		5 0
May, Thomas	A Meadow in Bodinnell		7 8
Menhiunett, Richard	Snapings Park	1	0 0
Pasmore, Thomas	House and Garden in Bore Street		11 0
Pennington, Mr. John	Whitestone Meadows	1	1 4
Poor, John	A Field in Bumard's Lane		f. 8
Do.	Part of a Shop		.5 0
Poor, William	Crapp's Shop		1 fi
Ronnscvall, Rich'', in hand	Old Walls and Meadow at Town's End		6 8
Sloggett, William	Part of St. Lawrence in 4 acres	1	2 3
Spillcr, Mrs. .loan	A Dwelling house in Lostwithiell Street	1	0 0
Stone, Mr. Thomas	Blights Field at Castrete head	2	0 0
Tom, Andrew	House and Backside, St. Lawrence		4 0
Tremeer, William	Little Meadow, Great Down and Moor under, part of Boskcar ...		10 0
Truscott, Edward	Two Meadows at Towns End	1	3 4
Vosper, John	A House in Bodmyn		fi 8
Whitford, John, Clerk	Becketts Grove		5 0
Williams, Thomas	A House at Tower Hill Totall ... £		6 8
	32	15 6

MANOR OF BOSCARNE.

Dyer, John

Flamank, Mr. William Poore, John

Wivell, Joan

Wivell, al's Withiell, William

Part of Webbers in St. Lawrence

Clucca Mills

A House in Fore Street Ijower Boskear al's Harveys Part of Boscame

Totall

2 10	0
2 2	0
14	0
1 9	0
1 4	4
7 ly	4

* Rent Roll at Boconnoc.

t The " Queen's Head," at this time the principal inn.

153

MANOR OF BODMIN FRANCIS.

"We find that in the year 1603 Thomas Fraunceys, Esq. levied a fine* of Mam-ice Hill and Margaret his wife of the Manor of Bodmyn, consisting of eight messuages in Bodmyn and Bodmyn Borough. Tiiis Maurice was the grandson of Robert Hill, who recovered several manors and lands against Gilbert Flamank,f in right of his wife Margaret, the daughter and heir of Peter Fauntleroy by Jane daughter and heir of Thomas Flamank, son of Joan daughter and heir of Thomas Lucombe. It is therefore probable that this Manor of Bodmin was sometime the lands of inheritance of the Lucombes and Flamanks, and that it acquired the name of Bodmyn-Francis from the above-named Thomas Fraunceys.

In the 3'ear 1619 we find the same lands vested in Nicholas Sprey, Gent., wlio suffered a fine| in them to Thomas Carminow, Esq. and William Parker, Clerk, wherein they are described as the Manor of Bodmyn, with the appurtenances, consisting of eight messuages, i&c. in Bodmyn, Trekillick, Tregwcllan, Polscoth, Tregligh, Totnes, Lanyvet, St. Winnow, and Egloshayle. In 1640 Philip Sprey, grandson of Nicholas, sufi^red a recovery § in the same manor and lands to William Courtney, Esq. and Joseph Jane, Gent. These transactions were probably for jnirjjoses of settlement, and a settlement was made by a deed dated 9th January, 19th Charles. In 1649 Philip Sprey, having adhered to and assisted the King against the Parliament, his estates were sequestrated ; and, to free the same, he had to enter into a composition, for the purposes of which among his possessions he returned certain lands and tenements in Bodmin, Lanivet, St. Winnow, and Eglosiiaile, which produced in rack rents, channel rents, and chief rents, 11. lOs. per annum, and in old rents, 2/. 6s. %d. per annum. || These were doubtless the same lands, though not described as a Manor.

The Manor of Bodmin Francis is said by Lj-sons^ to have been vested in the Hoblyns, and, in 1694, we find that Edward Hoblyn levied a fine** in the Manor of Bodmin of William Gyles and others. Lysons further says that, having jiassed to the family of Peter, it had been then recently sold in parcels.

We have failed to discover any Manor Rolls or Rentals of this manor.

There are, however, other records concerning a Manor or Manors of Bodmin which we are unable to identify with any of the foregoing Manors ; e.g. we find that in 1579 Thomas Budoeks- hcad (Budeauxhead) suftcred a recovery ft in the Manors of Bodmjai, Tolkerne, Tresagher, and in divers other lands in Bodmyn, Penbugle, Buckennan,JJ &c., to Sir Richard Gi'enville, Knt. This clearly was not the Manor of Bodmin which we have before treated of, now the property of Mr.

• Peilcs Finium 2n(l .Tames. Trinity. t '^"''-' "I'tc, p. 44.

I Pedes Finium 17th James. Triuity. § Recoveries ICth Cliarlcs. llilai^.

II Royalist Comp. Papers, 2 scries, vol. xxxviii. f. 505. U Magrna Britannia, vol. iii. p. 37.

** Peilcs Finium Gth Will. III. Michaelmas. ft Recoveries 21st and 22n(l Elizab. Mich. Roll D. xx.

IX The manor of Bocouion was unquestionably a memlier of the ancient manor of Blisland.

2 B

154 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Fortescue, for that manor in 1579 belonged to the Bevills. Moreover, in 1590* Tristram Gorges ats Bodoeasliicle, Esq., levied a fine of Thomas Bodocashide and Slargaret his wife in the same lands, and six years f later the same Tristram Gorges J sufi'ered a fine in the same Manors, &c. to Christopher Mannering.

In 1653 § Christopher Walker, Esq. was petitioner against William Thomas, Gent. Recovery, the Manor of Bodmyn, with the appm'tenances, also 20 acres of land, three acres of meadow, and 10 acres of pasture, and also the moiety of one messuage, two gardens, one acre of meadow and 20 acres of wood, with appurtenances. Hugh Rogers, Esq. called to warrant.

In 1673 Henry Dottinn, Gent., levied a fine || in the Manor of Bodmin, consisting of 10 messuages, 16 cottages, five courtlages, 16 gardens, five orchards, 20 acres of land, 10 acres of meadow, 20 acres of pasture, 10 acres of wood, five acres of brambles and briers, five acres of moor, and 14 shillings rent, with common of pasture for all animals, with appurtenances, in the Borough and Parish of Bodmin of Nicholas Opye, Esq. and Maiy his wife, and Thomas Opye, Gent, and Loveday his wife ; and in the following term the said Henry Dottinn suffered a com- mon Recovery IT in the same lands to Tobias Scoller, the said Nicholas Opye and Mary his wife being called to warrant. Ten years later Nicholas Eeed, Gent, levied a fine** in the same Manor of Tobias Scoller, Gent, and Gertrude his wife. By this date additions had been made to the manor, or other messuages had been created, for it is described as consisting of 31 messuages, 10 tofts, 21 gardens, &c., &c.

In 1729 a fine ft was levied between John Beauchamp, Esq. and Francis Beauchamp, Gent, quer. and William Beauchamp and Elizabeth his wife, def of the Manor of Bodmpi, with app"% consisting of 29 messuages, four water mills, 20 gardens, 20 orchards, 552 acres of land, 44 acres of meadow, 160 acres of pastui-e, 925 acres of brambles and briars, 34 acres of moor and common of pasture, described as being in Bodmyn, Callington, Southill, Brannell, St Wenn, Breage, Sithney, Probus, Ladock, and Treneage.

We note these particulars because some of our readers may be in possession of evidence which will enable tliem to clear up the difficulty in identifying these lands.

MANOR OF BODINIEL.

This Manor is not found mentioned in Domesday. It was doubtless taxed under Bodmin, of which lordship) it was a member, and to the Prior and Convent of which it belonged.

• Pedes Fmium 32nd and 33rd Elizab. Mich. f Pedes Finium 40th Elizab. Easter.

t Tristram Gorges was the eldest son of Sir William Gorges of Bristol by one of the coheirs of Roger Bndockshide (or Budeauxhead). He seems to have settled at Budeauxhead near Plymouth, and to have acquired the name as an alias, and was bmicd in St. Budeanx Church in 1607, where his monument still exists. Arms of Bndockshide: Sable, three lozenges conjoined in fess between as many buck's heads cabossed argent. Uerald and Genealogist, vol. vi. 94. Thomas was probably his brother.

§ Recoveries, 1G43. Easter. Roll xliii. || Pedes Finium, 24th and 25th Chas. II. Hilary.

5 Recoveries, 2oth Chas. II. Easter. Roll cxxxv.

** Pedes Finium 3 Ith and 35th Chas. II. Hilary. ft Pedes Finium 2nd Geo. II. Hilary.

MANOR OF BODINIEL.

155

In 1315 " Great Bodinicl " was held in fee by a certain John, who, dying without issue, it was inherited by liis sisters Johanna and Anastasia, who were the wives respectively of Walter Dyn of Bodmin and Thomas son of Walter de Macnhj-r. * But this does not seem to have inter- fered witli the right of the Prior and Convent to the inheritance of the manorial rights.

We have seen that immediately before the dissolution a grant of this manor in fee simple and in fee tail under the conventual seal was made to Sir John diamond, and that afterwards, in the fear, perlia])s, that such enfeoffments might be held void, a lease was executed for 99 years. This precaution would seem to have been politic, for we find that, after referring to the grant to Sir John diamond and Dame Anne his wife, and the heirs male of their bodies, by Indenture under the convent seal, the reversion and remainder in this Manor, together with the Manor of Newenham and the Rectory and Barton of Launcells, were granted to Theopliilus Adams and Thomas Butler, of London, gentlemen, t This grant, however, from causes not discovered, seems to have been soon surrendered, for, ten years later, we tind that this Manor, together with the Manors of Newton St. Petrock and Holcombe, and also a messuage called Fentoii Golleth, J in the parish of St Michael PenkevcU, which was the endowment of a chantry in the church of that parish, form a ])ortioii of certain extensive manors and estates which, in consideration of a sum of 2,811/. 19.s\ 3i(/., were granted to Richard Burrell of London, grocer, Alexander Lockwood, citizen and merchant, and scissors maker, and William Starkey of London, gentleman, their heirs and assigns. § It afterwards became the property in fee of the family of diamond, from which family it passed by marriage to the family of Porter.

In the middle of the seventeenth century we find this manor the property of Richard Porter, of Launeels, Esq. Tiiat gentleman having been faithful to his Sovereign at the time of the rebellion his estates were sequestrated by the Parliament. He was, however, allowed to com- pound for the sum of 200/., || for the payment of which the Manor of Bodiniell was sold by the Trustees ajipointed by Parliament for that purpose. It appears fi-om a document among the Royalist Composition Pa^Jers that a contract was entered into with one Andrew Turner, merchant,^ for the j)urehase of this manor, and that a moiety of the purchase-money had been paid on tiie 7tli Sept. 1053. The rental of the manor, as stated in the particulars of his estate** furnished by Mr. Porter as the basis of his composition, was as follows :

£ s. Old rents . . . . . , 8 5

Quit rents . . . . . . 0 13

Profits and Perquisites of the Court Leet . . 0 17

Three small tenements and a wood, worth yearly . 28 8

It appears, however, from the actual conveyance enrolled on the Close RoUsft that the real ])urchascr was Daniel El3'e of Plymouth, merchant, to wliom, in consideration of the sum <>t

d. 4

2i

0

8

* Assize Roll, 9 Edw. II.

X Fcutoiifjollen.

11 Roy. Cimii). Papers, vol. lii. 92G (2ml scries).

•* Roy. Comii. Papers, vol. liii. p. 871 (1st scries).

t Pat. Rolls 34tli KHz. p. It, in. 1.").

§ Pat. Holls -nth KHz. Piut .\. m. 18.

H Hoy. Comp. Papers, vol. lii. '.127 (2n(l series).

tt Hot. Claus. lCo4, Part. 30, No. 21.

15G

PARISH OF BODMIN.

1,340^. 10s. 4|(7. was conveyed in fee, by deed dated 14tli Dec. 1(553, all the Manor and Lord- sliijj of Bodiuiel with all its members and appurtenances, &c., with all Courts Leet and Courts Baron, and all escheats, &c., deodands, good and chatcls of felons and fugitives, felons of them- selves, condemned persons, and clerks convicted, outlawed persons, &c. &c., to hold to the said Daniel Elye, his heirs and assigns, for ever. A terrier of the lands so conveyed as forming the ]iIanor is annexed.

A few years afterwards this Manor was held jointly bet\\een the families of Lower and Spry of Blisland : for, by deed dated 23 Feby. 1699,* Philippa Lower, of St. Paul, Covent Garden, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Richard Lower, M.D., and William Spry of Blisland, Esq. eldest son and heir of George Spry, conveyed the manor to John Molesworth of Pencarrow, Esq, (afterwards the second Baronet), and a few years later Mr. Molesworth acquired the manor in fee. From that date it has continued to be held by the Molesworth family, and is now vested in the trustees of the will of the late Eight Honourable Sir William Molesworth, Bai't. deceased.

TERRIEK OF THE MANOR OF BODIXIELL 1653.

Tenements.	Area.	Tenants and Tenure.
Biirn in the Town-place					Mathew Parsons.
New Park	5	0	0	A.	» )>
Boote Town	i	0	0	A.		) ))
Rowe Grounds	14	0	0	A.		) j»
Well Itcadow	1	0	0	A.		1 i>
Churcli Meadow	1	2	0	A.		) 3»
Meager's Meadow, or last acre	2	0	0	A.		J »
Two Closes, called Copshom Lane Close	3	0	0	A.		» »»
The Meadows	2	0	0	A.		> ))
The Parke	1	2	0	P.		» »»
Little New Park	0	3	0	P.
Tavo Meadows, called Scarlets Wheele .	i	0	0	M.	Edward Haney.
Six Closes, called the Brambles .	16	0	0.	V&.F.	»» >»
New Park "Wood	25	0	0		John Perryman.
Tenement, called "Dairy," together two
parcels of tillage lands containing Alder Plot	0 0	2 2	0 0		Andrew Bond.
Dunmere Mills . . . . j Dunmere Wood .... J	260	0	0		John Wilton, Andrew Bond, W. Bewcs. Evan Crossman, on lease for 99 years, granted by Digory
Close of Pasture	16	0	0		1 Chamond of Laurcells, Esq., to Richard Cros'smaii of
Close at the foot of Beef Park	1	0	0		j Lancarfe, if Thomas Crossman, son of Richard Cross- ' man, should so long live — Rent £2 3s. id.
Cottage, called Dunmere	1	0	0		Andrew Bond, by lease for 99 years, granted to William Bond, if Philip, George, and" Loveday should so long live— Rent 6s. Sd.
Close of ground in Bodiniell Lane	2	3	0		Gilbert ilichel, by lease dated 4th Jnly, 6th James, for 99 years, if Ralph Michell, Gilbert MichcU the younger, and Richard Michell, sons of the said Gilbert Michell, so long should live — Rent 13«. id. . Otho Stapp, by lease dated 6th Oct. 11 James I., by John
Copshome	2	2	0	P.	1 Chamond aforesaid, unto William Sampson, if William
Close of Pasture in Bodiniell Lane	1	3	0		1 Sampson, Blanche his wife, and Otho Stapp, should so ' long live — Rent £.1.

* Deed in the possession of the trustees of the Molesworth estatea.

157

Copy of a small Roll of Parchment in the Possession of the Honorable George fortescue, of boconnoc endorsed

Bodenyall Oua yoynte p''

p' Janet

Waterlonde. God wen.

Thvnnewode.

Pryscote.

Not for Tli}Tinewode, At Weke,

Bodenyall ou Bodenyall. 6 Ed 4

Thi* in a later handwriting.

Rentale Roberti Dyer ffact Bodmie xxviij" die mensis Augustij Anno Regni Regis E iiij" yj'"

Ricus ffree lioldj-th a ten and b''ryth by tlie yer .

At iiij tymys by the yer That ys to Wetynge at the fFeste of Crystysmasse Ester Seynt John ys day of Baptyste and Seynt Mj-ghell ffor all fuis Suytf and reusyofis ther off to the sayde Robt liys heyrf and hy.s Assignys yf the forsayde Eicharde dye w' outyn any heyrf of hys body lawfully be

got>-n. Stephanas pavle holdyth on ten % beryth by the yer Stephan^ Jaky and John Nykell holdyth ij ten yn eonnans 1,

berytli tjier of 3'erly . ......

Wher off to the bye Lorde that is to Wetynge to the Lords

off nethera hellondo for the hye rente of Waterlounde on

payr of wh\i:e glo^'ys w* ij suytf to hys Coiirte and to the

same Lorde ffor hye rente of Bodwen ij'' w' ij suytys yn pur

sogayge. John Cok holdyth ij ten and on holdynge and beryth by the

yer at iiij ?mys ff of sayde yerely . . . . •

Whef of to the bye Lorde that is to Wetynge to the yerf of

Wyttm of Thynnewode yerly to be payde at the ffeste of

myghell masse for all man fuys and demandf .

holdyth on tenemet ther and by the yer

to the termys ffor sayde .......

o) Wher of to the Lorde of Sonecote for the hye rente w' ij

lawsnytf .........

Dounsterys ys Downe. Dauid Whytston and Wyllya Cowlecotc holdjjK:; all the

lounde the? and beryth at the termys sayde And they schall heryyd od on of ham schall her^yde when o) hyt fiFallyth Wher of to the hye Lorde that is to Wetynge

to the yerf of martyu Bosson rtbr hye rente yerly at the

ffeste of myghell masse .......

And the for sayde ij' byth y payde yerely for the houndf of

the sayde yerf to the man of hyltofi.

2s '

XXVIJ^

XXVl^

iiij^ xix'

viijs

158

PARISH OF BODMIN.

Plvmmvs Wode.

Treburthell.

Nethera Exe.

Weke Burght.

Thomas Douuecote holdyth on close w' iij pecf of londe w' on yerde of londe ]> and beryth by the yer at the tmys for sayde

And on Capon and he schall heryyd when hyt ffallyth.

Wher of to the hye Lorde that ys to Wetyng to y hyerf of martyn bosoii for the hye rente of the tfeste of myghell masse for al man' #uys t deniandf .....

The londe the? byd}i;h waste whiche was wonde yelde by the

di/er herr.

Penneley yn the fee De Worthevale iux'^ Botriaux Castell.

Burght off

Camelforde.

dyer.

Bodmyn

Bof strete.

dyer.

yer

Wher of to the hye lorde for hye rent .....

On erofte the? iij pecf of londe the whiche was wonde to be? by the yer .........

Whe? of to the hye lorde noght.

Walter george Glouyer holdyth oil gardyri by sidf the Chirche Erth and on gardyii w' a pece of londe l;yjTig yn the South pty of the sayde Burght and beryth by the yer Whe? of to the hie Lorde of the Burght fo? sayde AVatkyri hoygge Smyth holdj'th oon peee of londe by sydys ryggewyll in tlie north pty of the Burght flor sayde t yeldyth by the ye? ........

All so a woman y callyde Sa? Oljiie? holdyth a erofte y

callyde ryggewyll parke i beryth by the ye? Wher of to ]>^ hye Lorde for hye rente ....

Richarde Slyston holdyth a tenemet a downe ]P w' an hay and

on tofte to ]>^ same annexte and yeldyth )> of by the ye? Whe? of to the hye lorde for hye rente Itm oon tenement bejTig in the myddys of the Bm-ght a yens

the do? of Thomas Mortj-fi whiche beryth by the yef Whe? of to the hye Lorde for hye rente Itm iij toftys iij gai-dynys now j-n oon iij pecys of londe wyth comyn pastu? w' the Lordf bestys a pon the waste grounde of the Lorde of penneley and ber^-th by the yef Whe? of to the hye Lorde for hye rente ....

w' ij Law suytys. John Mely holdjiJi oon tofte w' oon erofte y callyd Barnehay 1 beryth yerly .........

Wher of to the hye Lorde S: the prynse . . . .

Jotin Luky holdyth oon teii w' on hay to hym annexte beryng by the yer .........

Eychard DyS holdj-th oon ten t on hay to hy annexte i beryth by the yee? .......••

1 yt was wounde to bt? .....••

ob iiijs

"J

XYJ-l

xii*

noght

ij'

njs

^^

xij*

XVI*

X1J»

COPT OF A SMALL ROLL OF PARCHMENT.

159

fforestrete.

Polestrete. yoynte p''

BeryLane.

Rynestrete.

Hendre penne Wyth.

Trey an.

Treython. yoynte p''

pay

:le

John Jocklo Barbo'^ holdyth on ten w' on hay to hym annexte

"? ber^-th by the yer ........ .\'

Wher of the sayde hj tenement^ t hayys for the hye rente to

the heyrf of John monke yerly at iiij tymys by the yef aft'

the custu of ]?'= towne off Bodmyn ..... xiij' iiij''

Km oon tonemet ther w' iij Schoppys a bow and a lenyng

house and on gardyii to the same annext and hyt ys worthe

yerly .......... xxvj' viij''

Itm myehell Cobbc holdyth on ten and ij gardyiis thcf and

beryth by the yer xxiiijs

Wher of to the heyrf of John monke for hye rent of the same xxvj^ viij'^ Km on tenement w' an hay to hym annexte in the whiche

Robert Dyer late Dwellj'de 1 beryth by the yef . . xxs

Wher of to the jJ'ory of Bodmyri for h^'e rente of the same at

the ffeste of my ghel masse ...... v^

1 ]>ey claymyth mor ou . . . . . . v'' noght

Itm on garden thef in the hondf of the sayde Robt Dyer that

was wounde to bor yerly .......

Wher of the hye Lorde that is to Wetynge to the heyrf of

Lanhergy l"* and af? the sayde Robt ys deth yerly John helyer holdyth oon tofte t on gardyn the? annexte and

beryth by the yer ........

Wher of lo the hye Lorde S: the heyrf of Rog" niartyn yerly ffbr the houndf of the sayde heyrf it is payde to the jirior of

Bodmyn. Otys yve holdyth oon tenemct t beryth to the ternie of the

sayde Robert ys lyfe .......

Wher of to the hye Lorde of Sonnerton for hye rente yerly . All so on close y callyd Longe parke a yens the Castcll Strete

ys hede Lyyngo by Lange Lane goyng to Wardys the

Comyn Ston quary beyng in the hede in the same close and

hyt ys Worde by the yer and yerly ..... Wher of to Thomas Burnebery yerly ..... Km oon tenemet thef w' hys ptinaunce and was wounde to

bef by the yef .....•••

Wher of to the liye Lorde for liyo rente that is to Wetynge to

the Abbote of Cleffe ij'

And for iiij aerys of londe inglysh ..... Itm oon tenemct ther wt liis ptinan) 1 hyt was wonyd to bef

by the yef xxiiij'

inj"

XX'

X1J»

viijs viijs

iiijJ

160 PARISH OF BODMIN.

w AVlier of to the hye lorde of Kylqixjte for hye rente yerly . viij'

Dymbythiiix""Bocarn.Itm a tenement ]»' w' liys a ptynaunce the whiche stephyn Dyer late purchasyde off John hylle to hym i his heyi'C for eu mor and beryth by the yef . . . . • iiij°

Whef of to the liye lorde that is to Wetjnig to the pryor of Bodmyii. Rynestrete, Stephjm Sanny holdyth oon ten w' a gardy ]? to annexte and

beryth by the yef ........ ij^

Wher of to the hye Lorde that is to wetyng to the p'or sayde by the yer .........

MANOE OF LAXCARFE, LANCARF, OR LANCARRE.

This Manor is found in Domesday under the name of "Nantchert." In the time of King Edward it had belonged to the Priory of Bodmin, but had been seized by the Earl of Moreton, who had granted it to Nigell, one of his followers : " Nigell holds one Manor of the Earl, -which is called Nantchert.* In it is one virgate of land which returned 15 pennies to St. Petrock on the day on which King Edward lived and died."

Lancai'fe afterwards became the property and residence of a family to whom it gave its name, and of whom we find frequent mention in our early records. From this family it passed to the family of Bevill, who were Chief Lords in the time of Edward III. This Manor, together with the Manors of Treros and Lamelwen, was held of the Bevills in free socage by the family Whales- brew or Whalesborough. John Walesbrew died seized of it in 1381, leaving his son of the same name, aged 13 years, his heir.t Before his death he settled this Manor, and the other Manors above-mentioned, together with the Manor of Elwen, upon Reginald Beauchamp, Peter Gervcys Chaplain, James Gerveys, and Peter Lannargh, to the use of Margaret his wife for life, provided she remained unmarried.J We find, however, that within a year of her husband's death she was remarried to one Peter Trewythosa, who had custody of the young heir of John Walesbrewe.§

John de Walesbrewe the younger died seized of his Manor on 10 January 1418, leaving Thomas Wlialesbrewe his son and heir, aged 13 years on the 3rd May preceding. || Two years earlier, however, we find Lancarfe in the possession of the family of Moyle, who held it on lease, probably from the Walesbrewes. John Moyle and Tliomas Parkyn levied a fine^ in Lancarfe and other lands of William Moyle and Margaret his wife.

In 1444 Thomas Walesbrewe and Matilda his wife suffered a fine** {inter alia) in the Manor

* " Nanchert " in the Exeter Domesilay. In another entry of the manor in the same record it is called " Lancharet."

t Inq. p. m. 5th Rich. II. No. 59. t Inqnis. fcoffament. 6th Rich. II.

§ In 3rd Hen. IV. the lord of Lancarffe held the fifth part of one knifrht's fee. {Caren-'s Surrey of CornwaU, p. 42.)

II Inq. p. m. 5th Henry V. No. 51. ^ Pedes Finimn 2nd Henry V. Trinity, No. I.

*• Pedes Finium 23rd Hen. VI. No. 35.

MANOE OF LANCAEFE, LANCAEF, OE LANCAEEE. 161

of Lankaruc to Jolm Fortescue, Knt., Michael Asheton, one of the Justices in Banco, and Walter Moyle, Serjeant-at-law, in which the said Thomas and Matilda acknowledged the right of the said John Fortescue, and the others, to the said Manor, for the life of Elizabeth wife of Giles Wales- brewe, and daughter of the said John Fortescue.

This estate soon afterwards passed to the family of Beaimiont. Thomas Beaumont, as appears by the inquisition taken on the death of his son William Beaumont in ISSl, had settled this Manor and other lands on his wife Isabella, by way of dower, which Isabella was then still alive. William Beaumont died s.p. on 5th Dec. 1553, and the reversion of the estate devolved upon Philip Beaumont his brother and heir, then aged 21 years *

It was afterwards held by the family of Lucombe. Thomas Lucombe died seized thereof (t. Hen. VI.) leaving two daughters coheirs: Mary, who married William Vaughan, and Johanna, who married Thomas Flamank. In 1503 John Gardyner and John Jenour claimed from William Vaughan and Mary his wife two messuages, foiu- tofts, GO acres of land, two acres of pasture, and three acres of wood, in Bodmin, Lankerph, Norton, and Liskeard ; and also a moiety of the Manors of Cabilia and Trehudreth. The defendants did not appear, and judgment was given in default. A few years after the heirs of Thomas Lucombe joined in the sale of Lan- carfe and other lands to Thomas Tregian, as appears from a fine t in which Thomas Tregion was quer. and William Vaughan and Mary his wife, one of the daughters and heirs of Thomas Lucombe, Peter Fauntleroy and Johanna his wife, daughter and heir of Thomas Flamank, son and heir of Johanna, daughter and the other heir of the said Thomas Lucombe, deforciants.

How or when tliis Manor was again acquired by the Priory of Bodmin we have no evidence, but on the dissolution of the Monasteries, like the rest of the possessions of the religious Houses, this Manor was surrendered to the King. It was then let at a rent of one penny per annum, but the record shows that the ancient rent was 40s., and that a farm of it had been granted for 80 years to Philip Harys for his good service done to the late Prior. J In the 2nd year of Kflig Edward VI. it would appear to have been held of the Crown by John Glyn of Lanhydrock senior, who in that year suffered a fine § in Lanearfe, Brctdyche, Whitley, and Fayrewash to George AV^oolcock. In the early part of the reign of Elizabetli it was the property of Thomas Doughty, who, with Alice his wife, suffered a fine || therein to Nicholas Opie. In 23rd Eliza- beth it belonged to Thomas Opye, who in that year suffered a fine^ in it {inter alia) to Christopher Worthevale and Wilham Peres.

Three years afterwards it appears to have become the property of the Crossman family, for, by deed dated 1st July 1584,** to Richard Crossman, described as of Bodmin, Gent., was granted by William Lobb of Cardinham, Yeom., a lease for a term of 999 years, without impeach- ment of waste, of the fourth part of all those waste downs, moors, &c. lying in one parcel of

* Inq. p. ni. ;i2nd Hen. VI. No. 28. t Pedes Finium 1st lieu. VHI. Midi.

{ In the margin of the document there is a note in a different hai.d, " Oneretur de xl' (luousciue decretuni fuerit per euriam," so the snmnia of \d. was returned. § Vcdes Finium 2nd Kdw. VI. Hilary,

II I'edes Finium 7th and 8tli Eli/.. Mich. % Pedes Fininm 23rd Eliz. Easter.

" Deeds in the possession of Francis John Uext, of Trcdcthy,csi|.

2t

162

PARISH OF BODMIN.

Cardynhain wastes called " the West Downe," next adjoining Lancarf and Bodmin Common, be- longing to the fourth part of Cardiste in the parish of Cardynham, and parcel of the Manor of Cardynham, with common of pasture and turbary in all the downs and wastes of the said Manor.

By deed dated 20th Jan. 1653,* Thomas Grossman the younger convej^ed the Manor and Barton of Lancarfe to Thomas BuUocke of Lanhydrock, Gent.f whose son Richard, in 1(585, alienated the same to John Mountstephen of St. Martin's in the Fields, in the county of Middlesex,! Esq.

The estate continued in the family of Mountsteven until the year 1787 ; in which year, by deed dated 29th June,* the Barton was conveyed to Francis John Hext of Bodmin, Gent, whose grandson Francis John Hext of Tredethy, Esq. is the present possessor.

There was a Manor Pound at Laucai'fe, wliich was filled up by the Rev. F. J. Hext some years before 1818.

TEERIEB OF THE MANOR OF LANCARFE, 1653.

Tenement.	Area.	Tenants.	Tenement.	Area.	Tenants.
Lancarfe			Tenement		William Horwcll
Nederton			Tenement		Anthonv Monhenick
Tenement		Richard Butler	Tenement		George Roach
Tenement	18	William Webber & Blanche his wife	Tenement		John Best
Quarry Park	H	William Sandy	Tenement	1	Robert Bunt
Tenement		William Nicholas al's Jennings	Tenement	3	Thomas Hancock

THE MANOR OF NANTALAN, OR NANSTALLEN AND BARTON OF BOKARNE,

OR BOSCARNE.

The Manor of Nantallen, which has recently been called Nanstallen, has been vested in the family of Flamank for several centuries. We find it in the possession of Robert lo Flammaidv in 1294. § It appears from a deed in the possession of the famii^^ that Reginald Flamank was Lord of Nantalen before the 27th Edw. III. (1354) and in the 34th year of the same King's reign, the .same Reginald, by deed dated at Treweythek, granted certain lands to Robert liis sou ; which Robert in a deed, without date, in which he describes himself as Lord of Nantalan, made a settle- ment of certain lands in Trevasniditli and Penhtd upon the marriage of j\Iargery his daughter with Lawrence de Arundell, as a marriage portion. This Manor has continued without interruption in the family of Flamank, in the direct male line to William Flamank of Boscarne, who, by Deed of Settlement dated on 2nd Nov. 1744, entailed the said Manor and other his lauds upon his three son.s William, Thomas, described as of Taunton, Clothier ; and Samuel of Totnes, Sergemaker ; but William Flamank, D.D. grandson of the above William by fine and recovery extinguished the

* Deeds in the possession of Francis John Hext, of Tredethy, Esq. t Pedes Fiiiium 1st James II. Trinity.

t Pedes Fininm 1654. Hilary. § Assize Rolls 22nd Edw. I. ni. 71.

MANOR OF NANTALAN, ETC. 163

said entail and settled the said lands on his own right heirs for ever. Under this settlement, upon the death of Robert Flamank of Boscarne in 1847, the estates passed to the issue of his sister Dennis, who had married the Rev. Nicholas Phillipps, and are now enjoyed by William Flamank Phillipps of Boscarne and Bodmin, Esq.*

THE BARTON OF BOSCARNE.

There are tlu'ee estates of this name ; we shall, however, confine our attention to Lower Boscarne, as it is called in the Ordnance Map, which has always been the most important.

In the 14tli century it was one of the seats of the family of Colyn. On the 27th April 1379, the Bishop f granted a licence to John Colyn and Rose his wife to have Divine Ser-vace celebrated in their presence in the Chapel of the Blessed Mary of Boscarne, in the parish of St. Petrock of Bodmin, and in that of St. Catherin of Elwjaise ; which licence was renewed, so far as Boscarne was concerned, on 25th August 1387. At what date the Barton passed to the family of Flamank is uncertain, but on 2nd Dec. 1406 a similar Ucense was granted to Robert Flamank J (it is presumed Robert Lord of Nantallcn abovementioned) and Margaret his wife within all their mansions within the diocese, but Boscarne is not specifically mentioned. We find, however, that a few years afterwards Boscarne was in the possession of Richard Flamank, Esquire, and that disputes and dissensions had arisen between him and Alan Prior of Bodmin and the convent there touehine the boundaries between the lands of Little Boscarne and the lands of the Convent at Dynmure. The question in dispute was submitted to the arbitration of John Treffry and others, who, so far as regarded the boundaries, made the following award :§ " That the bounde that comyth thurgh the doune lyinge bytwene the londe of the saide Prior and tlie saide Richard comynge to a stone stondynge with oute a ditche by Dpimure Wode y clepyd Keneditche in the north side of the saide ditch there of old tyme beynge a bounde, ys and schall be a bounde betwene the saide Prior and his successors and the saide Richard and his heyres, and so goying don to another stone stondyng of old tjme in a banke of a grype, and fro that stone unto another stone bejTig of olde tyme a bounde, and fro that stone to another stone by an oke, by ous new pighte, and to the said diche and the grype, bejTig several to the said Richard and his heyres, and so fi'o the ende of the grype riglite to the north corner of Dynmure Brigge by a bound that we have set, is and schall be the bounde betwene the said Prior and his successors and the said Richai-d and his heyres ; and the saide Richard and his heyres schal have al the landys withynne the same diche and boundys, and the said Prior and his successors schal have all the landys, wode, and the millc called Dynmure Mill, beyng with oute the saide diche grijje and boundis. And also the saide Richard and his heyres schal haue alio the lande bynethe the saide brigge, and that the said Prior and his successors

* There are several iiucieut court rolls of tins manor in the possession of the family, t Bishop Brentj-ngham's Register.

X Bishop Stafford's Register, p. 80. Mark Flamank, who was living 7th Eihv. II. (1307) was seized of a tenement in Boscamcbighan, as appears from the Assize Rolls of 4<ltli Edw. III.

§ Dat. Wednesday next after the Conversion of St. Paul, 12th Henry VI. (January 1434. O.S.)

164 PARISH OF BODMIN.

schall hauc the outeflurae and curse of water fro the said millc in to the Leat of Alan, in the manner as it rennj-th now. And also the said Prior and his successors schal haue fre goying and comynge for hym and for his sernantes to purge and dense the said cm-se of Leate and to caste the stonys and gravelle, fenne, and slyme of the same lete in bothe sydes uppon the land of the said Richard, there to abide and not to caste ne hele the motys ne the kutte of the treys there growyng, and yf any treys wyxen vppon the sides of the same water in lettynge other noysaunce of the curse or pm-gyng of the same Leat thenne that the saide Prior may do warne the saide Richard and his heyres to kutte and remove al suche treys And but yf he so do with ynne seuene dayes after suche warnynge that thenne it schal be lufFull and lawfull to the said Prior and his successors and his seruantes to kutte and remove alle suche treys and leve on the grounde of the said Richard, &c.*"

A small portion of the old Mansion House still remains in existence, and is occupied as a farm-house. A part of it would appear to be as early as the reign of Henry VII. In one of the external walls is a stone bearing the date 1577. Towards the north is a wing of more recent erection with two three-light muUioned windows, and a similar one in the chamber over. Between the two windows is a stone on which is sculptured the Flamank arms, and the letters W. B., with the date 1690.

The Hall, which remains intact, has been converted into the farm kitchen. It is 26 feet long by 16 feet wide. At the southern end 6 feet has been divided off by a screen of panelled oak, well carved, which supports a gallery. The roof was open, and at the north end was a large escutcheon of arms supported by two nude figiu'es, male :ind female.

A tradition exists that this I'oom was the Chapel. The great open fire-place, however, forbad this notion ; nevertheless, some old people affirm that they remember the 2nilpii standing in one corner of the hall. This was somewhat perplexing until we found a licence of the justices in quarter sessions licensing the house as a Meeting House for dissenting Protestants, f

In one of the windows are preserved several fragments of armorial glass. One escutcheon only is complete. It contains, Sable, a chevron between three pairs of wings conjoined in lure argent; impaling. Ermine, a fleur de lis sable, a chief erminee, differenced with a mullet. There are also two coats of Bevill, and two coats, both dexter and sinister (possibly transposed). Azure, three garbs argent. .

* Harl. Chaj-t. 37 A. 35, printed by Dugdale. t " Cornwall.

" Att the generall sessions holden at Lostwithiell in and for the said county the second day of October, in the sixth yeai- of the raigne of our Soveraigne Lord and Lady William and Mary, by the grace of God King and Qneen over England, &e. before their Ma"^ justices of the peace of the said tqtmty.

" These are to certifie all people whom itt may concerne that the howse of William Flanianke of Boscame, in the parish of Bodmyn, in the said county, gent, is entrcd of record and licensed as a pulilick meeting-house for dissenting protestants.

" Tho. Horwell,

" Clerte of y' Peace,

" y s'' county."

165

THE MAXOR OF BODWANXICK.

The Manor of Bodwannick, the chief site of which is in the parish of Lanivet, extends into tlie parish of Bodmin. It was formerly part of tlie possessions of the Arundells of Lanherne, and was carried, hke tlie rest of the Lanherne estates, into the family of Arundell of Wardour by marriage, in 1738, with Mary daughter and coheir of Richard Arundell of Lanherne. Henry Lord Arundel] of Wardour, her son, by lease and release dated respectively Lst and 2nd Nov. 1801, conveyed this manor to Edmund John Glynn, Esq. who, by deed dated 31st March 1831, sold the same to the Rev. William Phillipps, afterwards Flamank, Rector of Lanivet. Mr. Flamank, by his will, devised this Manor, together with other lands, to Jane wife of Charles Serjeant of St. Benet's Priory, Esq. by \\hom it is now possessed.

It appears fi-om a Return * made by Richard Ai-undell of Lanherne, Esq. in pursuance of an Act, entitled " An Act to oblige all Papists to register their Names and Real Estates," that in the year 1717 the following lands, &,c. in Bodmin were free tenements of this manor, viz. :

Buskeer held by the heirs of the Loi'd Mohun, his tenants or undertenants, rent 1

Tx-emaile and Buskerrvdown do. do. do. ,, 1

Rosewellin ats RedrewcUin, William Fkimank, Gent. . . ,, 1

Nautallan — a watei'course do. . . . . . ,, 0

d. 0 0

10

8

BARTON OF PENBUGEL f

This is an ancient Barton. In the reign of Edward I. it was held by Odo Rupe, against whom a writ of novel disseisin was taken out l)y Alice Vagge, and Marger'y and Margery (sic) her sisters, but, they failing to appear to j^rosecute, Odo retained possession. J In the early part of the reign of Edw. III. it was held by one Robert Gundrey, ujion whose death, in the year 1354, Thomas Gundrey his son and heir, entered into possession. Upon a plea of novel disseisin it was recovered by Merolda wife of William Persona and Emma wife of John Chamberleyn.§ In 1373 John Hyden and Johanna his wife obtained a writ of assize of novel disseisin to enquire if Christiana who was the wife of Adam Dygher of Bodmin, John Langa, velard,|| and Agnes his wife, Adam Hoper, and Walter Scor had unjustly disseised the said John and Johanna of their free tenements in Bodmin, Bodmelscarlet, and Penlugel juxta Bodmin. The jury found that John Hyden and his wife had never been seised of the lands in view, and consequently they were non-suited and remained in the King's mercy for a false claim. 1[ Two years afterwards Penbugel

In the collection of the author. Assize Rolls 29th Edw. I.

Velnioni'cr, or skinner.

t The Headland of the Sliepherd. § Assize Rolls 28th Edw. III.

t Assize Rolls ITth Edw. III.

2u

166 PARISH OF BODMIN.

belonged to the family of Le Taillom- of Bodmin. By deed dated 49tli Edw. III. (1375) it was granted by Wuliam Taillour of Bodmin to John de la Pole and Alice his wife, and the heirs of tlieir bodies in fee tail ; and in 1395 an assize of view of recognizance * was brought by Tliomas Paderda and Johanna his wife, who was the daughter and heir of the abovcmentioned Wilham Taillour, to enquire if John Pole, described as of Peubugel, sou of the said John de la Pole, had unjustly disseised them of the said lands. Thomas Paderda and his wife urged that the Charter in question was not made by William Taillour, and appealed to the assize for verification, and to William Bretone then Mayor of Bodmin, John Tyrel, Vicar of Bodmin, and other alleged witnesses to the said Cliarter. A day was appointed for hearing the assize, but Thomas and Johanna did not appear to prosecute the suit, and judgement was, accordingly, given in favour of John Pole.

Notwithstanding that the estate is shewn to have been vested in the de la Pole family fi-om 1375 to 1395, it appears that in 1380 f Matilda who was the wife of William Symonds levied a fine of Tliomas ffoll and Margaret his wife of seven messuages and forty acres of land inBodmyn, Tregasewyth, Lostwythyell and Penbugel; and in 1386, f John Lanhergy and Johanna his wife, and William T\Iartyn and Dyonisia his wife, suffered a fine to John Tyrell, Vicar of the Chui'ch of Bodmj'u, in respect to lands in BodmjTi and Penbugel.

On the accession of King Henry V. Penbugel, Penhirgard, and other extensive jjossessions within the county were held by Nicholas Beket in right of Johanna his wife ; and in the 2nd year of that King's reign they suffered a fine § therein to Walter Penymela, Clerk ; and the said Walter granted the greater portion of the lands, including Penbugel, Penhirgard, and a shop in Bodmin, to the said Nicholas and Johanna and the heirs of their bodies, to be held of the chief lords of the fee by the rents and services pertaining thereto for ever, and, failing such heirs, remainder to the right heirs of the said Johanna. Other portions of the estate ^Valter Penymela granted to the said Nicholas and Johanna and the heirs of tlieir bodies, and in failure of such heirs, after the deaths of the said Nicholas and Johanna, remainder to William Beket and Johanna his wife and the heirs of their bodies for life ; and in the event of their deaths without such issue, remainder to the right heirs of the aforesaid Johanna the wife of Nicholas.

In 1480 John Nayler levied a fine || of John Bere and Ann his wife of one messuage and six acres of land with appurtenances in Bodmin, Penbugel, and Bodynyell ; but this fine would not seem to have carried the whole Barton.

It afterwards became the property of one of the Arundel family. Isabel daughter and heir of Richard Arundel of Penbugel carried it in marriage to John Glynn, son of Thomas Glynn of Lanhydrock by Jane daughter and sole heir of William Cliker of Cliker.^ In 2 Edw. VI. John Glynn suffered a fine ** therein to Nicholas Glynn under the desci'iptioii of one messuage, one garden, 100 acres of land, 20 acres of meadow, 5 acres of wood, and 60 acres of brambles and briars, in Penbugell and Bodmyn. It seems, however, to have passed out of the family of Glynn, for in the time of Queen Elizabeth the Barton formed a portion of the possessions of the family of

* Assize Rolls 20tli Rich. 11, t Pedes Finiuni 4th Rich. II. Eiistcr No. i.

X Pedes Finium 10th Rich. II. Mich. No. 1. § Pedes Finiimi 2ud Hen. V . Jlich. No. 2.

II Pedes Finium 20th Ei'.w. IV. Easter. "J See Pedigree of Glyuu iu Visitation of 1573. *' Pedes Fiiiium 2,id Edw. VI. Mich.

UARTON OF PENBUGEL.

1G7

Gorges. In 1590 Tristram Gorges, alias Bodoeashide, levied a fine * in this Barton and other lands of Thomas Bodoeashide and Margaret Ids wife. A very short time afterwards it passed by fine from Humphry Kempe, Esq. and Jane his wife to John Himiphry, t and, a few years later, the same Humphrey suffered a fine therein J to Richard Bailyo.

At what date the Barton again become the inheritance of the fixmily of Glynn we have no knowledge ; but it formed part of the possessions of that family at the beginning of the last centmy, and was included in the settlement on the mai-riage of William Glynn of Glynn and Rose his wife in 1715. It shared the fate of the rest of the Glynn estate in the bankruptcy of the late Edmund John Glymi, Esq., having been conveyed, by lease and release, dated respectively the 17th and 18tli December 1828, by Henry Richard Glynn tibe assignee, together with the great or sheaf tithe thereof, which Mr. Glymi had purchased of George Francis Browne, Esq., to John Nicholls of Bodmyn, Gent. Li 1837 § Mr. Nicholls conveyed the same to the Rev. John Glen- cross, Rector of Helland, by whose representatives it is now possessed. By a declaration dated 6tli August, 1839, the Rev. John Glencross, with the concurrence of the Tithe Commissioners, merged the tithes in the freehold.

KIRLAND.

This estate, though not itself a manor, gave a specific designation to one of the manors of Bodmin. It is situate about a mile on the south side of Bodmin. Wo find it mentioned in early records under the name of Crellon. In 1302 Odo de Trerers and Rosia his wife petitioned against John the son of Walter de la Byry concerning one messuage, four mills, and one carucate of land, with the appurtenances, in Crellon juxta Bodmpi. John pleaded that he was not the person to be sued, for, although he was the son of a cei'tain John do la Byry, jun., there was another of the same name, senior, to whom the writ should have been directed, and therefore petitioned judgment, j] In 1369 it was held by William Taillour of Bodmin, against whom Tlionuis Bere of Bodmin took out a writ for disseisins; him of his free tenement in Krelland biehan juxta Bodmin, and recovered by default.^ In the time of Queen Elizabeth it had passed to the Courtney family. We find a recovery in 1590, in which Richard Kempe, Gent, was petitioner against Humphry Kempe, Esq. of twelve messuages aud divers lands (Kyrland inter alia), and Francis Courtney was called to warrant.** This Fi'ancis Courtney was of Ethcy, which formed part of the lands in question.

We have no fiu'ther record until the opening of the 18tli century. In 1702 it was the property of a certain Mr. Samuel Bury, who in 1708 sold it to Mi-. Digory King. It remained vested in the King family for many years. In 1740 Mr. Hugh King of Roskear in St. Breok

* Pedes Finium 32ii(l anil :i;!ril Eliz. Mich.

J Pecies Finium 8tli James. Faster.

II Assize Rolls .10 Filw. I. m. 10 d.

•* Kecovcrics 32 and 33 Eliz. Michs. Koll lix.

f Pedes Finium 2nd James. Easter. § Deed dated itli March, 1837. f Assize Koll 43 Edw. III. m. 74.

168 PARISH OF BODMIK.

built a small genteel house and made it bis residence. His son Mr. Digory King of Bodmin • in the year 1775 sold it to Christopher Fowler, who in 1812 sold it to one James Plomer. It quickly passed to the Jago family, who immediately alienated it to James Kemptborne, Esq. who was residing at Kirland in 1813. Mr. Kemptborne afterwards sold it to bis father-in-law, George Borlase of Pendrea, Esq. who also made it bis residence. In 1835t it was purchased by the late Mr. John Cole Grose of Bodmin, and it is now, by bequest of Mr. Grose, the property of Mr. "William Penny of Coombe Farm, near Crewkerne, co. Somerset.

SCARLET'S WELL.

About a mile on the west side of the town is a fine well of water remarkable for its abmidance and purity. From time immemorial it has been believed to possess special powers of healing, and formerly it was visited by the sick on account of the miraculous powers of its waters. Even now the faith in its virtues is not wholly extinct.

This well probably derived its name fi'om a family called Scarlet, anciently inhabitants of this town. In 2 Edw. II. Adam Scarlet conveys to Gorman Prior of Bodmin a tenement in Bodmin,! possibly that on which this famous well is situated. It seems to have been part of the possessions of the Priory. Scarlet's Well Tenement now contains 11a. 2r. li]).^

In the time of the Civil War it was held by Simon CotteU || of Morewinstow, Gent, on a lease for 99 years of the Lady Grace Grenville, and it is now the property, in fee, of the repre- sentatives of the late Rev. John Glencross, Rector of Helland.

THE RIVER ALAN.

Tliis river, with all its tributaries, except the " Delank," is now usually called the " Camel," fj-om its source in Crowdy Marsh, in the parish of Davidstow, to its mouth in Padstow Harbour. In some instances we have so spoken of it, but it seems to be erroneous. In ancient records the lower portion is frequently mentioned as " the Eyle " or " Haile," signifying an estuary, and this designation would apply to the river as high as the tide flows. Above, the river is always, in ancient records, called the river " Alan " or " Aleyn," and we are incUned to think that this appellation is applicable to it to its source. Tlie Camel river, we think, is that which, having its source in Davidstow, flows by Camelford and unites with tlie Alan at " The Devil's Jump." The

• Addl. MSS. 9120, 216. t Title Deeds iu the possession of Mr. Penny.

% Deed at Tregotham. § Parish Map.

II This Simon Cottell was captain of a troop of horse In the army of Charles I., and was Treasurer of the Army for the county of Cornwall. {Si/montls' Diary, p. 77. Camd. Sue. 18.59.) His estates were sequestrated by Cromwell, and he compounded for them by the payment of a heavy fine. (Royalist Com. Papers, 1st Series, xvi. pp. 601, 605; 2nd Series, vol. xlv. flf. 79 to 83.)

scarlet's well. — THE RIVER ALAN. 169

upper part of the Alan, according to tliis definition, separates the parishes of St. Breward and Advent, and uniting these two parishes is a ford called " Alan ford," corresponding with " Camel- ford " on its tributary.

The fishing throughout the whole of the river Alan was granted by King John to the Prior and Convent of Bodmin, which grant was confirmed by many subsequent Charters. Prior Wands- worth, by indenture dated 20th Sept. 29th Henry VIII. granted the Manor of Withiel* and the Advowson of the Church, with their appui'tenances, together with tlie common jislnng througlioute the hole water of Aleyn and Eyle, to Laurence Kendall and Katherine Monday, which the same Laui-ence should marry, to hold the same without iuipeachment of waste to them and their heirs for the term of 99 years, at the rent of 10/. per annum. The fishing in the Alan thus became attached to the Manor of Withiel. It was on 18 Nov. 1567 regranted by the Crown, together with tlie Manor and Advowson of Withiel, to Richard Senhouse for the term of 21 years ;t at the expiration of which term, viz. on 4th April 1589, the Manor of Withiel, with all its members and appui'tenances, and also the free fishery of the whole of the waters of Alan andEyle, were granted in fee-farm to Kiehard Branthwaite and Roger Bromley, Esquires, and to their heirs and assigns for ever, at the annual rent of 10/. f The said fee-farm rent was, on 13th February 1672, sold by Francis Lord Hawley and other trustees appointed by the King and Parliament for the sale of fee-farm and other small rents to Edward Boscawen of Tregothnan, Esq.§ The manor is now the property of Sir Richard Vyvyan, Bart, but how acquired we know not.

THE BAILIWICK OF THE HUNDRED OF TRIGG.

To the bailiwick of the Hundred of Trigg were attached two small fields in the parish of Bodmin, and a tenement in St. Teath. One of these fields is still called "High Bailiff," and is numbered 1482 on the parish map. John Edyvean, the last high bailiff of the hundred, who died in 1824, held his courts in this field, and appointed his subordinate officers. The other field we have not been able to identify. In 1813 both were held by a son of Sir James Laroche and formed the only lands remaining to that family in the county. ||

• Survey of the Manor of Withiel, dated 15 Aug. 1 Eliz. Court of Augmentation. Par. of Leases, Roll 5, No. 21.

t Particulars of Leases, Court of Augmentation, Roll 5, No. 51.

% Pat. Rolls, 31 Elizab. Part. 7, m. 28. § Close Rolls, 21 Ch. H. Part 22, m. 34.

II Add. MSS. ai20, 242.

2 X

170

FAMILY HISTOKY.

DE BODMIN.

Of the ancient families of this town, that which claims our first notice, as well fi-om its antiquity as from its having derived its name from the town itself, is the family designated de Bodmin. Many notices of this old family occur in the earliest records extant. We find Alured de Bomine in 6 Rich. I. sued in the Court of the King * by the Canons of Exeter, concerning certain lands, to which in the year following he acknowledged their right.f Matilda de Bomine is mentioned as the sister of Ralph de Bloyou in 1202. Her husband's name is unknown. Julius de BomineJ and Isolda his wife petitioned against Walter le Bere concerning one mill and three acres of land without Bodmine in 1252. § Roger de Bodmin and Matilda his wife were sued by Walter Bishop of Exeter concerning a road adjoining their land in Bodmin in 1258. || Randolph de Bodmin and Matilda his wife appear in 1286,^ but whether this Randolph was the son of the above Julius or of Roger we have no evidence to show. He had a son Robert who had a son Thomas.** Pr(jbably Amadis, who was three times burgess for the borough in Parliament, viz. in 7th and again twice in the 8th year of King Edw. II. was also son of Randolph. tt He was the first bm-gess of Bodmin to whom wages were granted for his attendance in Parliament. J f Amadis had a son John, and probably he was also the father of Roger mentioned in 1330, and the grand- father of Roger who is stated to have been mayor in 1359. §§ Richard de Bodman was one of the collectors of the Port of Exeter, and of the Customs upon wines, ifec. granted by the Merchants Sti'angers. His commission was tested at Bishop's Thorp 5th June 16th Edw. II. || 1| (1323). John, son of Ralph de Bodman, died in 1369.^^ Otho de Bodman was one of the collectors of the subsidy granted 1st Rich. II.*** (1377), as was Robert de Bodman in the 6th of the same King's reign. The same Robert was burgess in Parliament for Launccston in the following year,ttt«rid he is mentioned in the Assize RoU of 1386. Jtt Others of the name of Bodman and Bodmin occur at later dates. We find John Bodmin assessed to the subsidy in the parish of Holland as late as the 35 Henry VIII.§§§ (151:3), but, as yet, we are destitute of sufficient evidence to construct, with

• Rot. Cur. Reg. 6tli Rich. I. t Pedes Fiiiium 7th Rich. I.

I Assize Rolls 3rd Johu. § Assize Rolls 37th Hen. III.

II Assize Rolls 43rd Hen. HI. t Assize Rolls 14th Edw. I. *• Assize Rolls 10th and 14th Edw. I. and 7th Edw. III. ft See ante.

It Assize Rolls 10th Edw. H. §§ Bodmin Register, p. 404.

II II Writs of Pari. vol. ii. 228. Ut Olntuary of the Friars Minors.

**• lurolment of Taxes 1st Rich. II. Pipe Office. ttt Writs of Pari. 7th Rich. II.

ttt Assize Rolls 9th Rich. U. §§§ Subsidy Rolls.

FAMILY HISTOKT. — DE BODMrN.

171

acciu'acy, a continuous pedigree ; nevertheless we have attempted one, the doubtful descents being shown with dotted lines.

Mr. AVallis * alludes to tlie village of Bodmin, with its ruinated castle, on the margin of the Lake of Constance, which belonged to the noble family of Bodmann, or Bodmin, as early as 1146, and suggests that it may have owed its foundation to some migratory inhabitant of Bodmin in Cornwall. Mi*. Wallis was not aware that tliere was a Bodmin family of some importance so designated, which fact seems to add strength to his conjecture ; for it is quite possible that some member of the family, having joined in the Crusade, may eventually have settled at this beautiful spot.

The name of Bodman is still extant. The will of William Bodman of Berks was proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbuiy in 1791, and that gentleman's grandson, Mr. Benja- min Bodman, is now living in London. This family is said to have come from Wiltshire, and it is not improbable that they are descended from the ancient family of Bodman of wliich we have above ti'eated.

DE BODMIN FAMILY.

Alured de Bomine, acknowledged the riglit=p.. of the Canons of Exeter to six acres of land j in St. Piran. Pedes Finium 7 Rich. I.; see- alsoKot. Ctu-. Reg. vol. i. 118, C Kich. I. (1194). =

,.de Bomine.^Matilda de Bomine, sister of Ralph de Bloiho, mentioned : Rot. de Banco, 3 John (1202).

Jnlius de Bomine, living 37^Isolda, Hen. III. (1252), petitioned: 37th against Walter le Bcra con- 1 H. III. cerning one mill and three | (1252). acres of land without Bomine. '•

Roger de Bodmine, sued hy Wal^=Ma- Nicho-

ter Bishop of Exeter concerning til- las de

aroadatBodniinherondtheland da. Bod-

of Roger and Matilda his wife. min. Ass. Roll 43 Hen. UI. (1258).

Randolph Bodmin. Ass. RollT=Matilda, widow in U Edw. I. (1286). Dead in 1291. 30 Edw. I. (1291).

Nicholas de Bodmin, dead-j- before30Edw. I. (1291)

Robert Bodmin,-p Amadis de Bodmin, hurgess in^ Mabel, dau. and-

A dauj ter.

;h-=F..

..de Lanne- deweu.

10 Edw. Edw. I.

I. 14

I'arlianient the 7tli and again the 8th Edw. II. (1313-1314).

heir; died before 30 Edw. I. s. p.

^Michael, Clerk.

John de Lannedewcn, living 30 Edw. 1. (Ass. Roll), heir of Nicholas de Bodmin.

Thomas de Bodm in, son of Robert. Ass. lloll 7 Edw. III. (1333).

I—'-

Roger de Bodmin, mentioned 3 Edw. III. (1330).

I John de Bodmin, son=p.. of Amadis. Ass. Roll '■ 10 Edw. II. (1316). i

Roger de Bodmin, mayor 1359. Comw. Reg.

Peter de Bodman. Ass. Roll, 21 Edw. III. (1348).

William Bodman. Ass. Roll 21 Edw. III.

David Bodman. Ass. Roll 21 Edw. III.

Cornwall Register, p. 151.

172 PARISH OF BODMIN.

ST. MARGARET.

We find the family of St. Margaret taking a high place among the burgesses of Bodmin at a remote date. The earliest mention, however, which Ave have discovered of the name is in connection with lands in Blislaud, though the St. Margarets were doubtless inhabitants of Bodmin. In the 10th Edw. I. (1282) William son of Walter de St. Margaret complained of John de Grelles and John and William his sons, Henry Tyrel and Laurence de Penhyrghard for unjustly disseizing him of his free tenements in Treliudred, Kcrnoek, and Penstradou.* From a record two yeai-s later it appears that the St. Margarets were descended from the Tracys, who held considerable estates in the counties of Devon and Cornwall in the reign of Edw. I. It is recorded in the Assize Roll of 12th Edw. I. that an assize was taken to enquire if William Tracy, father of Boland de St. Margaret, died seized of half an acre of land in Mederin juxta Bradiford (in Blislaud). The jury found that the said William did die so seized, and Roland recovered seizin against Henry de Peverel.f Richard de St. Margaret held the manor of Lantyan in 1293, { and was selected as one of the burgesses in Parliament for Bodmin in 23rd Edw. I. (1294) § to whi|ch Parliament boroughs were first required to send representatives. He tested a deed as pre- poitus of Bodmin dated 34th Edw. I. 1305. || The St. Margarets had a seat at St. Margai'et Bodkenna, whence the name was derived, and also a mansion at Cabilia in Cardinham.

We find Adam de St. Margaret Propositus of Bodmin in 32 Edw. I.^ in which year he had possession of a field in Bodmin, which he held for a year and a day, the same having been forfeited by Ralf Corteis, who, for felony, fled the King's dominions, as found by a jury, the names of whom, as ancient inhabitants of Bodmin, are deserving of notice : they were Walter de St. Margaret, Roger Martin, Godfrey le Mercer, William Roscarrock, John de Rupe, William Bolger, John de la Bury, Roger Mathieu, Ralf Goldsmith, Roger Penbreg, and Nicholas de Bodiniel.**

In 7th Edw. II. Adam de St. Margaret and Richard de St. Margaret were pledges for William de St. Margaret in a plea of novel disseisin against John sou of John Chaumon, and because William made default in prosecution his pledges were in mercy. ft

In 1313 William sou of Walter de St. Margaret recovered upon a plea of novel disseizin against Philip de Keruyck and Mabil his wife, Ralph son of Osbert le Porter, Henry de Pen- harth, Geoffry de Penliarth, Nicholas le Havcnoi-,t]: and Roger Helegy four messuages with appurtenances in Pencarrekwoelas and Pencarrekwartha.§§

• Assize Rolls 10th Edw. I. t Assize Rolls 12th Edw. I.

J Esc. 21st Edw. I. m. 148. § Rolls of Parliament. See List of Burgesses.

II Tregothnan Muniments.

^ It ajipears from the Sheriff's Accounts 34th Edw. I. (Pipe Office) that Adam de St. Margaret, Richard de St. Margaret, and Walter de St. Margaret dealt largely in tin.

•* Esc. 32nd Edw. I. No. 77. ft Assize Rolls 7th Edw. 11. %% " -"^ receiver of dues."

§§ Assize Rolls 7th Edw. II.

FAMILY HISTORY. — ST. MARGARET. 173

In 1315 RiclianI de St. Margaret and Edward de Lancarf, who had taken out a writ of assize of novel disseizin against Herman Tyrel of a tenement in Stokeleigh (in Bh'sland) juxta Colvannok, did not prosecute. Herman retained his seizin, and Richard and Eilward and their sureties ft)r prosecution, viz., William de St. Margaret and Walter de Tregellest, remained in mercy.*

In 1323 Walter de St. Margaret, who had taken out a writ of assize of novel disseizin against Henry de la Pomeroy and others of tenements in Tredenes juxta Landwynnek, Treuranek juxta Beswythghi, and Rosemordo juxta Treworgy, did not prosecute, and therefore he and his sureties, William Scor and Walter son of Adam Carburra, remained in mercy. f

At the same assize Richard de St. Margaret, who had taken out a writ of assize of novel disseizin against Johanna who was the wife of Alan de Bloyou and others of tenements in Trewassa juxta the Church of St. David, and Upton juxta Trelay, did not prosecute, therefore he and his sureties for prosecution, viz., William Carburra and Richard de Trewynt, remained in mercj-.

Walter do St. Margaret died in 1324. It a])pears fi-om his inquisition post mortem, taken at Cabilia in that year, before John Abel, Esc. that the said Walter on the day on which he died was seized in demesne as of fee of land in the hamlet of Cabilia, which he held in capite as of the honour of Launceston, in socage, rendering one capam de grisantoX so often as the King should cross Poulston Bridge into Cornwall, which cape was to be of the value of 16rf. The jury found that Adam de St. Margaret was son and heir of the said Walter, and was of the age of 40 ycar.-;.§

Richard de St. Margaret, || who, it is presumed, was brother of the above Waltei', died in 1325 seized of several manors and lands. Among them the manors of Lantian, Treglast, Rose- wick, and Treverne (Trewornan in St. Minver ?), and also of a burgage in Bodmin, and seven acres of land without the borough ; and further of certain lands at Kellignou which he held of Johanna who was the wife of John le Seneschal, as of the manor of Holland, in socage, at the rent of 2s. per annum and suit at court. The jury found Walter, son of the said Richard, to be his nearest heir, and to be of the age of 19 years.lf

In 1335 Thomas, son of Thomas de Widiawallas, took out a writ of assize of novel dis- seizin to enquire if Roger son of William do St. Margaret and Johanna his wife, William de St. Margaret of Kernek, and Nicholas Honymau had disseized him of his free tenement in Gi'ene- Inn-gh juxta Temple. As Grencburgh was described in the writ as a hamlet, and as it was neither a village nor a hamlet, the plaintiff was nonsuited.**

In 1340 Thomas son of Thomas do Wydewallas had a writ of assize of novel disseizin to

• Assize Roll Oth Edw. II. f Assize Roll IGth Eilw. II.

J It api)ears from the Red Book of the Exchequer, fo. llii, that the manor of Cahilia was held by the same service at an early date: "Pctnis fil' Ogcri 40s. in Cabulion per imam Capam dc Gresengo in aducntu d'ni Regis in Conuibiam. Rogerus Cithared' '>s. pro portanda ilia eapa dum Re.\ fuerit in Coniubia." This document is printed, though very incor- rectly, in Carcw's Survey of Cornwall, pp. 44-4(;. § Inq. p. m. 18th Edw. II. No. 77.

II Richard de St. Margaret, Praspositus of Bodmin, witnessed a deed 34th Edw. I. A.D. 1305. Tregothnan.

1 Inci. p. m. 18th Edw. 11. No. 77. ♦* Assize Rolls 9th E<lw. III.

2 Y

174 PARISH OF BODMIN.

enquire if the aforesaid Roger, Johanna, and WiUiain had unjustly disseized him of his free tenement in Ti'eyudreth* (Trehudreth).

With one exception, we fail to trace the family after this date, and think the elder branch soon became extinct, the lands being carried by marriage into the Carburra family, in which family the St. Margaret estates are found to be vested iu 31) Edw. III. From Carburra they passed to the family of Lucombe, and we find the name of Thomas Margaret as one of the witnesses to a charter of Thomas Lucombe conveying the manor of Cabilia to Thomas Flamank and others in 3rd Henry VII.

The materials at present are too slender to ena])le us construct, with any degree of accuracy, a table of descent of this family.

DE CAEBURRA.

The name of this family is derived from the Manor of Carburra in St. Neot, and probably a junior branch may have given the name to Cai-buri-a in Warleggan. We find Henry de Car- burra of Carbm-ra in 40th Henry III. (1256) levied a fine on the death of his ancestor of Walter de Bui-chelle and Lucy his wife of 150 aci'es of land with appurtenances in Cai-burra, when the said Walter acknowledged the right of the said Henry and agreed to hold the premises of him, doing all such services as belonged to the said laud.f Some members of the family would seem, however, to have been settled in Bodmin at an early date. Walter Carburra of Bodmin was a merchant there in 12th Edw. I. (1284) when he was amerced for selling wine contrary to the assise.J He was again amerced for a similar offence in 30th Edw. I. and in the same year § Adam de Carburra took out a writ of trespass against Adam Scarlet of Bodmin, and did not prosecute, therefore he and his pledges remained in mercy. || In 7th Edw. II. we find Adam de Cai'buiTa and Walter his son, Master IT Richard de Carburra, William de Carburra, Richard son of Richard de Carbm-ra, with several others, were sued by Stephen de Trewent of Bodmin for disseizing him of his free tenement in Bodmin ; and in the same year William de Carburra was one of the burgesses for the borough in the two j^arliameuts held in that year at Westminster. For the first parliament Richard de Carburra and Adam de Carburra were his manucaptors or sureties. In this same year Roger Mathew of Bodmin took out a writ of novel disseizin against Ilicliard de Carburra concerning premises in Bodmin, and in the same year Alicia daughter of Gregory le Mareschal of Bodmin obtained a writ of novel disseizin against Adam de Carbmra and others. ] n 1 2 Edw. II. Richard de Carburra was burgess in Parliament, and William and Walter were his sureties. In 16th Edw. II. Walter son of Adam de Carburra was amerced as a pledge for Walter de St. Margaret. In the same year William do Carburra ** was amerced as a pledge for

* Assize Kolls 10th to 1-lth Edw. III. t Pedes Finium 40th Hen. IU. Mich. J Assize Rolls 12th Edw. I.

§ Assize Rolls 30th Edw. I. || Assize 30th Edw. I.

"1 The " JIagistcr "' signifies that he was a graduate at one of the universities.

•* William Carburra was assessed to the Subsidr in Bodmyn iu the reign of Edward III., year unknown. Subsidy Rolls Sf

t

5

FAMILY HISTORY.— BE CARBUKRA. 175

Richard de St. Margaret. He is again mentioned in the 3rd and 7th Edward III. (1320 and 1333). In 14th Edw. III. Roger Carburra of Bodmin took out a writ of novel disseisin against John, Prior of Bodmin, and others concerning tenements in Villa Sanctis Margaretse juxta Kyngiswode. Walter Carburra and John Brown were his pledges for prosecution, and were amerced because Roger did not appear. From this record we conclude that about this date the possessions of tiie St. Margaret family had passed to the Carburras. The heiress was probably Merolda who was the wife of Walter de Carburra, who was living in 1313, which Merolda was the mother of Walter son of Walter, and pi'obably of the above-named Roger. Roo-er was burgess in Parliament in the 8th and 21st Edw. III. and would seem to have died without issue. Walter de Carburra described as of Cabilia was in possession of, appai'ently, all the St. Margaret estates, for by charter, dated at Bodmin 39th Edw. III. (136G), he granted to John Kylmynau of Brothek all his messuages and lands in Cabilia, Treutheret, in the town of St. Margaret Bodkennow, and elsewhere in Cornwall, including one fulling mill with appurtenances in Treutheret, and two corn mills in the town of St. Margaret, with remainder to Walter his son, and to his sons heirs begotten of the body of Isabella, daughter of Thomas de la fford, to be held of the heirs of the said Walter by the service of one grain of wheat. The place called St. Margaret was undoubtedly near IMargate Bridge, as appears by the writ taken out against the Prior of Bodmin above mentioned. And also by a grant made a few months earlier by the same Walter Carburra of Cabilia to John Rogger, miller, and Peutacosta his wife, and the heirs of their bodies, of one park, with its appurtenances, lying between the park of Walter Score on the one side, and the park of the Prior of Bodmin on the other side. This deed is witnessed, among others, by John Knouwy, Mayor of Bodmin. The Prior of Bodmin had a residence at St. Margaret, whither Prior Germanus retired when pensioned in 1310.*

In 134:7t Alan do Carburra obtained a writ of assize of view of recognisance, to enquire if Walter the son of Adam do Carburra had disseized him of a free tenement in Bodmin. The case went to the assize, and the jury found that a certain Master Richard de Carburra, father of Alan, was seized of the tenement in question in demesne as of fee ; which tenement he gave to the said AJan and Edonea his wife, and to the heirs of their bodies ; and that Alan and Edonea were seized thereof, and continued seized until Alan went beyond the seas ; and that whilst ho remained there Edonea gave the tenement to Walter. Afterwards Alan returned and removed Walter, and of the said tcnemont was seized until Walter by force disseized him. It was decreed that Alan should recover seizin with damages.

William Carbui'ra was assessed to the subsidy levied upon all fi'ee tenants holding lands of the value of 40s. per annum and more in 29 Henry VI.{ (1451). He was probably the son of the last-mentioned Walter, and the father of Alice, who, as daughter and heir of William CarbiuTa,§ carried all the possessions of the family above enumerated in marriage to Thomas Lucombe, who

• In 1437 John Carburra, rector of the church of Michaclstow, was permitted to exchange benefices with Julin Kcllj-, dean ni the collegiate chm-cli of Carentoc. (Bishop Lacy's Reg. Vol. II. fol. 153.) t Assize Rolls 21st Edw. III. X Sul)sidy Rolls L",lth Henry VI. K. § Ilarl. MS. 1071) fo. 105.

176 PARISn OF BODMIX.

was mayor of Bodniiu in 1438 and in 14411. This Thomas Lucombe, as Thomas Lucombe senior, by deed dated at Christmas 29 Hen, VI. (1450), granted to Henry Gurlj-n, clerk,* and John Luky of Padstowe, a certain tenement in Bodmin called " Le Rynesti'ete ;" the deed being witnessed by Thomas Bcre, mayor, and Edward Beket, provost. Thomas Lucombe, f son and heir of the above Thomas, was mayor from 1463 to 14(37, avid again from 1477 to 1483, altogether 12 years. He married Joane, or Jane, daughter and heir of Sir Andrew Heligan of Heligan in St. Mabyn, which manor, together with other lands, he thus inherited. He was instrumental in the erection of the church tower at St. Mabyn, and his arms J are carved on one of the bosses of the weather- moulding of the door. He left two daughters, one of whom, Joane, became the wife of Richard Flamank of Boscarne, and the other, Mary, married William Vaughan,

Henet de Carbueea of Carbnrra, 40th Hen. III. 125B.=p

, r -^--1

William do Carbnrra, Walter Carbnrra of Bodmyn,=p Richard (le Carbnrra,-p

As.s. Rolls, 10th Ed«-. I. ll'th Edw. I. : 10th Edw. 1. (1281). j

r -r -J r ^

Walter dc Carburra, living=f:iIerolda, living (llagrister) Richard de Carbnrra, liring-^ Adam de Carbnrra,-,-

rth Edw. II. (1313). I 1366. 7th Edw. II. (1335) 16th Ed. II. j living 1313. I

r -• r -I 1 ' 1 I '

Roger de Carbnrra=.Johanna, Walter de=p William Alan, As3.=Edonea. Richard, Walter de Car-

of Bodmvn: living widow, Carburra de de Car- Roll 17th Ass. Roll burra. Ass. Roll

1340 ; Bargess in 30th Ed. Carbilia hurra, Edw. III., 7th Edw. 7th Edw. II.,

Pari. 8th and 21st III. (1340), living in 27th Edw. II. 16th and 17th

Edw. III. Died be- living 1340. III. Edw. III., and

fore 30th Edw. III. in 1366. 21st Edw. lU.

Walter de Carbnrra. living I366.T=IsaheIla, dan. of Thomas de la Ford.

r -"

y\ illiam Carbnrra, living 14oO.=f=

Alice, dau. and heir ; mar. Thomas Lucombe.

DE BODYNIEL.

The family of Bodyniel, deriving its name from the Manor of Bodyniel, is found mentioned in very early records. In 1286 an assize of view of recognizance was granted to enquire if Johanna daughter of Stepheii le Sevs, John son of Nicholas de Bodynyel, John le Bere, Stephen le Bere, Roger Penbrek, William Treweseper, Robert Ylger, and Alexander son of Nicholas de Bodynyel, had unjustly, &c. disseised Michael de Talglighy of his free tenement in Bodui}-n and Nether Bod}-nyel. It appears from the pleadings that the said Johanna had married a certain John de Bodynyel from whom she had been divorced before the issue of the writ, and that Michael de Talglighy held the lands from a certain Lucy his wife (by whom he had offspring), according

* Instituted to the vicarage of Bodmin 1430, died 1474.

t In 8th Edw. IV. he received by Letters Patent a general pardon for all offences, and in the same year he paid the fine for not taking up his knighthood. — Repertories, Memoranda Rolls of the Exchequer. t Argent, a saltier sable between four estoiles gules.

FAMILY HISTORY — DE LANCARFE.

177

to the law of England.* Nicholas Bodynyel is mentioned in 1287, f and in 130-4 he was one of the jurors in the inquisition concerning Kalpli Curteis.J In 26th Ed w. I. Richard de Bodyniel was one of the Burgesses in Pai-liament for Bodmin, § and in the next parliament Thomas de Bodiniel was manueaptor for Eieliard do la Pole.§ In 1307 Thomas Bodyniel was one of the defendants with German, Prior of Bodmin, and others in a writ of novel disseizin taken out by Isolda, who had been the wife of AVilliam Roskarrekmur, concerning lands in Bodmin. Clement Bodynyel was assessed to the subsidy in Bodmin parish (without the town) in 1327. || John BodynwcU is mentioned in 1334, and again in 1351.11 Roger Bodynyel was assessed to the subsidy in Bodmyn, and appears to have been one of the most wealthy of the inhabitants in the reign of Edward III. [date of year lost.]** In 7th Edw. IILff (1333) Robert de Bodynewell was one of the jtirors at the assize, and in the 25th of the same king's reign (1351), John de Bodynyel appears as one of the defendants in a suit concerning the Manor of Pcncarrow.±| Thomas Bodynyel was one of the principal freeholders present at Lostwithiel at the election of knights for the shire for the Parliament in 20th Henry VI., and was one of the parties to the Indenture of Return, §§ and in the 3rd Edward IV. he was one of the jurors in an inquisition held at Bodmin on the lltli Sept. to enquire what aliejis or strangers were resident within the county. ||j| Richard Bodynyel was present at the election of knights at Lostwithiel in 17th Edw. IV. and was one of the jsarties to the Indenture of Return.^lJ William Bodynyel was one of the wardens of the Guild of Corpus Christi at the time of the rebuilding of the parish church (1469-70), and Thomas Bodynyel is also mentioned.***

Lysons says Bodiniel married the heiress of Burnard ; the heiress of Bodiniel married Oliver, and the heiress of Oliver married Williams ; but we have failed to discover any evidence of these alliances. ttt

DE LANCARFE.

This family took its name from the Manor of Lancarfe in this parish. Wc find the name first mentioned (1302) in connection with an act of violence. Henry de Lankar slew Roger Russell in the village of Leigh. He immediately fled and his goods were confiscated, but after- wards returned and produced a charter from the King granting him pardon. JJJ In the same year William Langkar was bailiff of the Hunih'ed of West.§§§ In 1312|| || || the same William de Lancarf was one of the juroi's on the inquisition p. m. of Walter de St. Margaret. Two years later 1[^1[ Auger de Lancar was one of the defendants to a writ of novel disseisin concerning a tenement in

* Assize Rolls Hth Edw. I. J Inq. p. in. .S2nd Edw. I.

II Snlisidy Roll 1st Edw. UI. % ** Snlisidy Rolls t. Edw. III. J?. IX Assize Rolls 2.-)th Edw. III.

III Sulisidy Rolls 3rd Edw. IV. gj. **• Bodmin Church Accounts. ttt Assize Rolls 30th Edw. I

mill Iiiquis. p. m. Gth Edw. II.'

f Assize Rolls 1.5lh Edw. I.

§ Writs and Returas to Pari.

f Assize Rolls 25th Edw. III.

tt Assize Rolls 7th Edw. III.

§§ Writs and Returns to I'avl. 20th Hen. VI.

tt Writs and Returns to Pari. 17th Edw. IV.

ttt Magna Britannia, vol. iii. cxxiv.

§§§ Idem.

ttt Assize Rolls 8th Edw. II.

2 z

178 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Porthpighan juxta Loo ; and the following year * Richard de St. Margaret and Edward de Lancarf took out a writ of novel disseizin against Herman Tyrel concerning Stokelegh in Blisland. The same Edward was assessed to the subsidy in 1327 f for Bodmin Extra at a higlier rate than any other person in the parish. In 1341, on the assessment of the value of the ninth of the sheaf, lambs, and wool for the parish of Helland, granted to the King upon a commission dated 26th January in that year,| Richard Lancarf was one of the Venditors.

MOYLE.

The family of Moyle is found at Bodmin at an early date. Roger Moitt was manucaptor for Stephen Trenewyth 20th Rieli. II. (1396). Thomas Moyl was manucaptor both for John Burgh and James Haloppe 1st Hen. IV. (1399). Michael Moyll was biu-gess in Parliament 11th Hen. IV. 1400. Tliomas Moyle § is stated in Mr. Wallis's list to have been maj-or fi-oni 1432 to 1435. He was undoubtedly mayor in 1434. This list shows his name again as serving the office from 1441 to 1445, but is incorrect so far as 1441 and 1442 are concerned, as also is Mr. Wallis's list as applying to the years 1488 and 1489, for which years Mr. Wallis gives the same name, whereas it is shown by anotlier old list in possession of the Rev. William lago of Bodmin, that Thomas Margett was mayor in those years. Tliat Thomas Margytt was mayor in 1488 is proved by record. [The name occurs in the accounts for rebuilding the church.]

The undated gravestone of Thomas le Mo3'le has been already referred to,|| and this seems to be nearly all tlie local information which we have of this old Bodmin family. From other sources, however, we learn that Thomas Moyle of Botlmin had at least three sons. His third son Hem-y was the father of Sir Walter Moyle, who in 32nd Henry VI. was made one of the justices of the Common Pleas. ^ He acquired extensive estates in Kent, and, having married a daughter and co- heir of John Lucombe of Cornwall, he had two sons, who were the founders of two families in

Kent.** John Moyle his eldest son married to his first wife a daughter of Arundell of Trerise,

by whom he had one daughter. He married secondly a daughter of Sir Robert Drmy of Essex, by whom he was the father of Sir Tliomas Moyle, who was Speaker of the House of Commons in 33rd Heu. VIII., and other children. Sir Thomas had two daughters and coheirs, one of whom married Sir Thomas Finch, ancestor of the present Earl of Winehelsea, and the other Sir Thomas Kempe.

* Assize Rolls 9th Eilw. II. t Sabsiily Rolls 1st Edw. IH.

J Nonarum Inquisitiones.

§ 20th Hen. VI. Thomas MotU was one of the principal electors at the elections of the Knights of the Shire, and was a party to the Indentnre of Retnm, as was also John Moyll of Bake, 17th Edw. IV.

II iloniimeutal Inscriptions, No. 17.

% He is said, on the donbtful authority of the Gray's Inn MS., to have hecn a reader in that society. From 19tb Hen. VI. his name is found in the casSs reported in the Year Books. In 1143 he was called to the degree of the coif, and in Hilary Term 14,54 is mentioned as one of the King's Sergeants. His will is dated 11th Dec. 1479, and he died before the 31st July following. (Foss's Judges, iv. 44.5.)

*• Visitation of Kent, Hail. MS. 1548, 139 b.

FAMILY niSTORY^ — SCARLET. 179

SCARLET.

Our first introduction to this ancient Bodmin family, like that to several others, is an infrac- tion of the Assize of Wine, for which Adam Scarlet was presented by the Jui'ors at the assize at Launeeston in 11th Edw. I.,* as he, or his son, M-as also again in the 30th of the same King's reign.* In the 3.Jth an assize was taken at Launeeston to enquire if Adam, son of Adam Scarlet, and Margery his wife unjustly disseised John, son of Robert Donewych, of his free tenement in Bodmin, when John recovered seisin.* Li 2nd Edw. II. Adam Scarlet of Bodmin conveys to German Prior of Bodmin cei-tain premises, probably the tenement in which Scarlet's Well is .situate, and cites an enfeoffment made by Matilda Somercit, sister of the said Adam, of her land wln'ch she had Ijy feoffment of Sir Baldwyn, formerly Prior of Bocbnyn, to Thomas Heuerard her fixther.t In 7th Edw. II. Sarah Scarlet and Alexander de Penbugel are defendants in an assize of novel disseisin at the suit of Gerard son of Raymond de Vilers,^ and in 2.5th Edw. III. Margaret daughter of William Scarlet is mentioned. J John Skerlat was manucaptor for Otho Tregonan in 12th Hen. IV. (1411).

Thomas IIencranl.=pSarah. Deed 2=f=A(iam Scarlet. Deed 2 E(hv. II. | Edw. II. | 11 Edw. I.

-I , 1

Matilda Somercit. 2 Edw. II. Adam Scarlet. 3.5 Edw. I., 2 Edw. II.=j=Margery.

r -•

William Scarlet. 25 Edw. III.=p

Margaret. 25 Edw. III.

FLAMANK.

The family of Flamank is of great antiquity in the parish of Bodmin, having held the Manor of Nanstallan for more than 500 years; descending in uninterrupted succession from father to son, in the direct male line, until the death, s. p. of Dr. William Flamank in 1817.

Tlie origin of the family is very obscure, arising in a great measure from the variation in writing the name. There can, however, we think, be no doubt that the family is descended fi-om some one of the numerous body of Flemings who were introduced into this country by the early Norman kings. Henry I. established a colony of them in Pembrokeshire, where their descendants remain as a distinct race unto tliis day. King Stephen emjjloyed numerous bands in England, gave them large possessions in various parts of the kingdom, and suffered them to jMllago the country with impunity, to the great discontent of the Norman Barons. §

The name in early times appears to have been written indiscriminately, as Flandrensis, Flamanc, Flemcng, Flemang, Flemyng, and Flammank, as will be presently made manifest.

We find the name connected with the West of England at the earliest period of the public records. Stephen Flandrensis held seven knight's fees in Cornwall in the time of Richard I.||

* Assize Rolls. t Deed at Trcgothnaii.

J Assize Rolls. Gerard de Vilers was a merchant dealing extensively in tin. Sheriff's Accouut.s, 3-ith Edw. I.

I Ord. Vit. iv. 175, 178. || Red Book of the Exchequer.

180

PARISH OF BODMIN,

and 1190 he paid 5 marks to have the right of half a knight's fee in Narese, in co. Devon, against Oliver dc Tracy.* The same fees soon afterwards were held by Archemand Flandrensis, probably his son* In 1201 Richard Flandrensis was Sheriff of Cornwall, and in the same year Stephen Flandrensis paid half a mark for a distress ; also in the same year Roger son of Geoffry levied a fine of Baldwin le Flemeng of half an acre of land with appurtenances in Treneithen in Cornwall, whereof recognisance of the death of an ancestor was summoned between them, and Roger remitted and quitclaimed the whole of his right to Baldwin and his heirs for ever.-|- This would seem to refer to the death of the abovenamed Richard, for it appears from an inquisition made in the reign of King Henry III. concerning the lands of Normans, Britons, and others, strangers, that William Flandrensis held lands called Holedig which were of the value of 100 shillings per annum, which lands William de Saucey the Norman held, and which were in the hands of the King by escheat in consequence of de Saucey having taken the side of the King of France in the French war. Richard Flamanc, grandfather of the said William, who then held the said lands, made satisfaction to King John because by a certain grant the said Richard gave the same lands to Richard de Saucey, fiither of the aforesaid William, in free marriage with a certain kinswoman of his.;|; In a later record the lady's name is stated to have been Johanna, and it is said that she was the daughter of Richard Flemeng, that Richard recovered the manor from the King and held it for his life, after him William his son, after William succeeded William his son who eight years since gave the manor to Reginald de Moliun, who held it at tlie time of the inquisition. § In the time of King John William Flandrensis had a dispute with the Abbot of Ford respecting the right of presentation to the church of Holedieh. ||

Mark le Flamanc was retui'ned as holding lands by militarj^ service of the value of £16 per annum and more in 40th Henry III. Cl256).f

We have no evidence to connect these Flamanks with the Flamanks of Bodmin, though it seems very probable that they are all descended from the same stock, and that Stephen, Ai-ehe- mand, and Mark were the immediate predecessors of Sir Robert le Flamank who, as we shall presently see, held the manor of Nanstallan in' 1293. The first occurrence of the name in immediate connection with Bodmin and the neighbourhood is in reference to transactions which do not reflect on it any great lustre ; nevertheless allowance must be made for those rude and turbulent times. In the 11th year of King Edward I. (1283) one Laurence Potage was slain in the tithing of Helleston (in Trigg) and John le Flemmeng was indicted for the murder and immediately absconded. In the same year a certain woman was apprehended in the town of Bodmin with false monej', and the same money was placed in a certain box (pixide) and sealed with the seal of the sherifi"; and Richard le Flemmeng was charged with having, from favour to the woman, broken the sheriff's seal, taken out the bad money, and replaced it with good, in oi-der that she might not be convicted. He, however, placed himself upon his trial and was acquitted.** The same Richard le Flemmang and Margery his

• Great Koll of the Pipe 1st Rich. I. 132.

t Testa de Nevill, p. 198.

II Abbreviacio Placitorura, p. 74.

** Assize Rolls 11th Edw. I. m. Sd.

f Pedes Fiuium 3rd John.

§ Testa de Nevill, p. 197.

^ Ciu'ew's Survey of Cornwall, p. 50.

FAMILY niSTORT — FLAMANK. 181

wife, and several otlier persons, in the next year appear as defendants in a plea of assize of lands. John le Flameng is also mentioned in the Rolls of this year.*

Robert le Fiammankf appears as holding lands in Nantalan in 22nd Edward I. (1293). Robert le Flcmeng was coroner 3Uth Edward I. It is presumed that these entries relate to the same person who is also identical with Sir Robert le Flamanc, Kt., Lord of Nantallen, who by a charter, undated, but which appears to have been written about this period, granted to Laurence de Arundel, as a marriage portion with Margery his daughter, one acre of land in Trevasnidith and half an acre of land in Penlial, to be held to the said Laurence and Margery and the heirs of their bodies for ever. There having been no other Robert Lord of Nanstallen, (and the line throughout is fully proved) from that time to the late Robert Flamank, the last Lord in the male line, there can, we tliink, be no doubt as to the identity.

Richard Flamank (cir. Hen. VIL) by Jane daughter and heir of Thomas Lucombe had three sons : Thomas, who was executed in 1497 for his share in the Cornish rebellion ; John, who suc- ceeded at Boscarne ; and Bartholomew, whose name is not found in the recorded pedigree, but who is described as the brother of John in his father's charter dated 5th Henry VIIL granting him the remainder in the family estates in the event of failure of issue of John. This John, I by Jacosa daughter of Sir Richard Nanfan, knt. had f((ur sons: Gilbert, who succeeded him in the estates; Jolm, said to be the ancestor of the Flamanks of Gonronson ; Henry; and Roger. Fi'om Gilbert the estates descended in a direct line to William Flamank of Boscarne, who, dying 1729, loft three sons : William ; Thomas of Taunton, clothier ; and Samuel of Totnes, sergemaker ; upon whom, by dee<l dated 2nd Nov. 1744, in succession he settled his estates in tail male; but A^ iliiam Flamank of Boscarne, his grandson, levied a fine for extinguishing such entail and resettled the lands upon his own issue. He had several sons, all of whom died s. p. and upon the death of Robert Flamank of Boscarne, the last representative in the male line of the eldest branch of this ancient family, in 1847, the estates, in virtue of the last recited settlement, passed to the Kev. William Phillii)])s, clerk. Rector of Lanivet, the son and heir of Dennis, sister and heir of the above-mentioned Robert Flamank, which William Phillipps and his issue, by Roj'al Licence, dated 17th February, 1848, were authorised to use the surname of Flamank in addition to and after that of Phillipps, and to bear the arms of Flamank quarterly with those of his and tlieir own family, for which, at the same time, he obtained a grant to himself and his issue. Mr. Phillijips Flamank died unmarried in 18G1, and was succeeded by his nephew William Flamank Phillipps of Boscarae, the present Lord of the Manor of Nanstallen.

Thomas Flamank of Taunton, the second son of the above-mentioned William Flamank, who died in 1729, died s. p. Samuel his brother left issue, and is now represented by AVilliam Flamank of Newton-Abbot, in co. Devon, who is also the present male representative of tiio family of Flamank ; whilst several members of the fixmily of Flamank of Gonronson are still existing.

* Assize Rolls, 12th Edw. I. m. 21.

f John son of Robert le Flemnieiig was appointed Keeper of the Borough of Newcastle upon Tync, Sth Fdw, 1. (Assize Rolls, Feast of All Saints, 22nd Edw, I. in. 71.)

I John Flamiink ■nas serving under Sir Richard Nanfan, who was Lord Deputy of Calais in 1503, when he wrote a long letter to the King detailing conversations of a di-saffectcd character which had taken phice in his presence and in that of his " brother William Nanfan." "Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III. and Uenry VII." published under the direction of the Master of the Rolls, 1861.

3 A

182

PAKISH OF BODMIX.

NOTES TO FLAMAXK OF BOSCARXE.

' Know, ic. I Robert le Flamanc, Lord of Nantalan, Knight, give and grant and by this mT present charter confirm to Laurence de Amndell in free marriage with Jlargerr my daughter one acre of land in Trevasnidith, ice. (Not dated.)

2 Assize Rolls 22nd Edw. I. Pentecost, m. 71.

' Treglothnowe was Treglync in St. Jlinver, and remained in the family of Flamank in 1st Charles I. Vide deed dated 1st January in that year.

* because, he said, a certain Mark Flamank, grand- father of the aforesaid John the son of Reginald, whose heir he is, Tiz. the father of Reginald the father of the same John, was of late seized of the same tenement In his demesne as of fee and right, and the same tenement with the appur- tenances demised to a certain Ralph le Flamank to be held for the whole life of the same Ralph, saving of it the rever- sion after the death of the same Ralph to the same Mark and his heirs ; by virtue of which demise the same Ralph was of it seized as of a free tenement; and afterwards the aforesaid Mark granted the reversion of the aforesaid tene- ment which the aforesaid Ralph held for the term of his life of the heirs of the same Mark to a certain Stephen le Flamank and his heirs for ever. (Pleadings concerning a tenement in Boscambighan, Assize Roll 40th Edw. III.)

* because, he said, a certain Stephen le Flamank,

uncle of the aforesaid John, whose heir he is : viz. the brother of Reginald the father of the same John. (Plead- ings concerning Trembeth jnxta Talkam, Treglynnek, &c. Assize Roll 41st Edw. UI.)

* Ivnow, &c. I Mark le Flamank give and grant and by my present charter confirm to Alice my daughter one acre of land Cornish with all its appurtenances in Trembeth. Dated at I^antalan Thursday in the Feast of St. Michael A°. r. r. 22nd Edw. III. recited in Ass. Roll 41st Edw. III.

' I Reginald Flamank grant for me and my heirs to Robert my son one annual rent. Deed dated at Trcweythek on Smiday next before the Feast of All Saints, A" 34th Edw. III.

' Ralph Flamank was one of the venditors for the taxation of com, wool, and lambs for the parish of Bodmin lath Edw. III. (Nonarum Inq. 34.">.)

' Ind're between Richard Flamank son and heir of John Flamank of the one part, and John Payntor of Bod- min of the other part, sale of wood and underwood in Lantalan and Ruthen. Dated at Bodmin Saturday next after the Feast of the Pnr. B. V. Mary l.Sth Hen. IV.

"• John Basset, Esq., John Power TregothcU, Stephen Treglystyn, Sir James Rowe vicar of St. Hilary, George Denshall, John Polrcdden, John Trenewyth of Padstow, John Polsnlsek, and WUliam Gnrlj-n, co-feoflfces of Henry Trewynard lately deceased, and Johanna who was the wife

of the said Henry Trewynard, grant to James Flamank all messuages and lands, &c. in Tresagher, &c. for 8 years. Dated at Trewvnard 31st Dec. 21 Hen. VI.

" I Richard Flamank give and grant, &c. to John Fla- mank my son all my messuages, &c. in Trenear, Zenzenzy, Canalezy, Bocam, Trcgonyburgh, Bodmyn, Padstow, Ween, Tresongcr, Bosoghan, Nansynt, Trenowith, Trewythek, Pen- kerne, Hendra, and Trenoud, &c. to the said John Flamank and the heirs males of his body : remainder to Bartholomew. Flamank, brother of the said John, and heirs males of his body: in default, remainder to George Flamank and heirs males of his body; in default, remainder to William Flamank, brother of the said George, and the heirs males of his body ; in default, remainder to James Flamank, brother of the said Richard, and the heirs males of his body ; and in default, remainder to the right heirs of the said Richard. Dated 2rth July, 5th Henry VIU. (Cart. Harl. 50 C. 42.)

'^ Richard Flamank demises, &c. and quit claims to John Flamank, his eldest son and heir, all right, &c. in Boscame, Rosavylyn, Xanstalan, Ruthen, and Trembeth, with all rents, &c. and all messuages, &c. Trebnrtheck, Treglynneck, Treglothenow, Tregonow, Rosewyn, Dynham, Trevyan, Trewethyck, Tremnr, Glyvyan Flamank, and Bodellick. Dated 4th Aug. 5th Henry VIII. (Cart. Harl. 50 C. 41.)

" Thomas Lucombe confirms to Thomas Flamank son of Richard Flamank and others the Manor of Cabilia, 3rd Hen. VII.

'* John Flamanke of Boscame in consideration of a mar- riage between Gilbert Flamanke son and heir apparent of the said John, and Johanna Gayer daughter of Reginald Gayer and Alice his wife, daughter of Edward Courteney of Lanrake, confirms- unto the said Gilbert and Johanna an annual rent of 5«. out of his close of land at Ruthen, called North Close. Dated at Boscame, 29th Oct. 29th Hen. VIU.

" I Gilbert Flamanke of Boscame, son and heir of John Flamanke late deceased, give and grant, &c. to Roger Flamank my brother all my messuages and lands in Porthylly Gres, and Porthylly Eglos, and Trevcrowe in St. Menefrey. Dat. 18th ilarch 32nd Hen. VIH. (Cart. Harl. 50 C. 44.)

'« At Bodmin.

" Indenture made 21st Aug. 3Cth Eliz. between Nicholas Flamank of Boscame, and Oliver Flamank second brother of the said Nicholas, witnesseth that the said Nicholas of the especial love, zeal, and great goodwill that he beai^eth to his said brother, being both twynnes and home att the imme- diate instant, hath granted and let to farm to the said Oliver all that his Barton of Boscame, Rosevilla, Guy, Nanstallan, and Rothen, for the term of 99 years.

" At Lanivet.

FAMILY HISTORY — FLAMANK.

183

FLAMANK OF BOSCARNE.

Stephen Flandrcnsis, 1 Kich. l.=p

ArchemaD(i.=f=

Mark le Flamanc, 40 Hen. 111.=^

' Sir Robert le Flamanc,^ Knt., Lord of Nautalan,'^ 22 Kilw. I.

' Petrus Trcglmrnom'^.rohanna, film (le com. Comuhice I et /itpr. Itic'i {sans dafi). | Pevcrcl.

I

Margery,

-r

mar. Itoi/cnis Fttimoclt'^Iivsa , filia et liogerus Trigloiv-

Laurenee de Arun- de com. Cormihia:, dell. miles.

har. Petri now, fil. ct hirr Trcglorvnom.' oh. s.p.

*^'' Marke Flumocli, films ct lucres; living 18 Edw. II-=r' Ass. Roll, and 7 Edw. III. Ass. Roll. I

Alice, living 22 '' Ilcii'tnaUhis Flumocli, fil.- Kdw. III.; mar. ff /«/•;•.; living :i4 Edw.lil.. Michael Trerise. Lord of Nantalan.

--.Jo- hanna

^ Stephen=j="- Flamank.

>» Ralph.

Johanna, dan. and heir of *^ Johannes Flamoch^Alicia, ' Robert

lier father and mother, de com. Cornuhiee,

wife of Ralph Arundel of filhis ct lucres; living

Trerise. (Asa. Roll, 41 41 Kdw. III. Edw. III.)

filia

wiih- iell.

Flamank living 34 Edw. III. (Ass. Roll.)

John, ob. s.p. v.p.

Land 6. FLAMANK. 2. TREOLOWNOW. 4. PEVEEEL. b. LOCOMB.

' Hichard Flamock dc lliiliarnc in com^Margareta, filia Jacohi Henry Trewynard,dcad^Johanna, living C«c«!(J. //. f^ /(«■;■.,• living 13 Hen. IV. | Gerveia dc Perin. in 2 Hen. VI. | 2 Hen. VI.

2. Thomas. 3. liobertus. " 4. Jacoiiis.

Jacobus Flamock de Biiltarn, fil. et^Jana, filia Henrici Trewynard hfcr. ; living 2 Hen. VI. | dc com. Cornub.

" '^ Iticardiis Flamock de Biicarn, fil. ct^Jana, filia ct hire, dc Thomas har. ; living h Hen. VIII. | I/ucvm de Bodmin.

n

1. EUzabctha.

2. Cliristina.

"Thomas, fill IIS jiri—r Fli:al/ctha , fillii " '^ '^ Johannes Flamock^Jacosa,'2filia Iti- mogenitus. Exeeu. I ./<//;« Trchurncg dc Biikarn, 2 filiiis; died cardi Kanfaiit, 24 June, 1497. \ de Mcnn-yn'ick. 32 Hen. VIII. militis. ]

Loredaij niipfa ]\'ill. Jana, Buret de Tccgaren in 2 filia. St. Malign.

1

" Bartholomew, living 5 Hen.

Via.

I 1

Jana, filia et har. " "* (rilbertiis Flamock de=^" Johanna, filia Heginaldi (layer dc Liskcard 2. Johannes, foun- nvpta Petro Fant- Biiscnrn,filius ct hteres ; f l)y Alice, dan. of Edw. Courtcnay of Lanrake; der of the Gonron- Itrvg. bur. 1573. | marriage settlement dated 29 Oct. 29 Hen. VIII. son branch.

3. Ucn- i»4. l\o. rievs. gems.

m 1

1. Jo- II ill'ms I'lamoek de B iis-^Ma ria, filia

halt- //(/('WC, Lord of Nanstallan ;

na. died at lioscarne 9 Aug. 35

2.A'a- Eli/.. Nicholas, his son and

the- heir, ageil 21) years and

ri- more. (liii|. l>.m.)

Joh'ni Car- mi now de Fenton Gal- lon in com. (hrniih. ; bur. 1C19.I«

2. Jo- han- nes.

3. Tho-=pRichou, or 4. Ro- 5. NUfl. Ed- mas, Alice, dau. ger, cho- n-ard-

bur. of Trc- bur. las. ?(.«, bu.

KllO.'O glyn; mar. 1G07.W 1575.18

1575,"' bur.

1584.1'=

7. John,

bur.

1581.i«

William, Elizabeth, bapt. Gilbard, bapt. John, bur. Phillip, Jessie, bapt.

bapt. I578.'« 1577 ;i« bur. 1577. l« 1576 ji^ bur. 1576.'° 1582.1« bapt. 1584.1M 578 ;i« bur. 1689.1

6. Btigd^Y^anc.

deffel-

land,

bapt.

1577 ;■« ■I ir,39.

Twins.

Carolus, 4 filius, C^e- riciis; d. at Yarmouth, Norfolk; bpt. 1572.1"

lingo.

]7

Flamock dc Busearne, boi'n cir. 15{i7; bur. 11 Oct. 1599.1"

Nichola s^Ma ria ,1ili a John lAp- yencott, dc Wihecrie in cam. Cornuh.

Christopher.

" Olircrus, 2 filius, mar. Eliza- beth, dau. of Win. Hilling of Hanger.

Johannes, 'A filius, ob, s.p. ; ba]it. 157n;i» bur 1574.'"

H'ill'm's Paul, Susan, bapt. Cyprian, Eli/.a- Chri.s- 5 filius, bapt. 15(i5;l"mar. bpt. 1569;" both, tiiina,

nunc in London, bajit. 1576.1"

1564;i« Robert died Grossman in in- 1594.1° fancv.

m. Thomas bapt. bnpt. Randall 1572.1M574.' 2 Sept. l(J03.i«

184

PARISH OF BODMIN.

Bridget, (laugh. — Bernard Flamiinh. Jilivs et hteres ;'■ of Arthur Tre- rrt. 22 annornm 1620; bapt. 27 Aug. mayne of Col- 1598; '« bur. 27 Oct. 1G58.'« AVill lacombe, Devon; dated 24 Jan. 1G57 ; Cod. 2.5 Oct. living 1657. 1658; proved in London 11 Dec. 1658.

-Elizahcthn, flin Ambrose Hoiis of Edmerston, De- von ; bur. 9 Oct. 1C32.'« I

Elizahe-

tha,fiUa

nniea,

iaj/t.

1599.

1

Margaret, bapt. 1600;'« died in infancy.

r ■ 1

Philippa, bapt. IfiL'.l.'fi Granted Mary, release to her brother William bapt. riamank, for legacies granted 1626.'* by the will of her late father Bernard Flamank, dated 20th March, 1659; ivitnessed among others by Henry Flamank. She was then unmaiTied , witnesses her brother's will in 1663. Still unmarried.

.16

Bernard,

bapt. 1628 conveys to his brother William certain lands in Boilmin 1661.

Mag-

dalene

Pearce.

— I

Am- brose, men- tioned in a lease dated 13Ang. llCh.I.

mil ill in Fliimanli- of lioscarne, bapt. 5 May 1622 ; bur. 7J/«(/, 1663. Will dated 5 Mai/, 1653; 2>rored in Arehd. Court of Cornwall 22 June, 1663.

-Marij, dau. of Cliristojiker Hum- John, Hum- ,S'«c('cy ()/ Shelstou, Devon; phry, 3 son. phry, married there 21 July, bapt. young-

1653. Marriage settlement 1631. est

dated 19 July. 1653. Bm'ied son.

25Dec. 1703.'« Will dated 28 May, 1679. Proved in Archd. Court of Cornwall 18 Dec. 1701.

-■ -r 1 1

Sarah, dau. of Samuel J}fynold.<i=f]Villiam Flamanh of Boscarne, son and=Franees Loirerof Bridgctt. Elizabeth, John,

' ~ - - . - ... ... .. „, .= J^iiniret, mar. 20 mar bur.

Aj)ril,\-W;^'< lie- Jenkins. 1662.'6

ing in 1729.

of Taunton. Settlement before viarriage dated 3 Sept. 1687. Buried 6 Oct. 1713.'«

heir, bapt. 1663; '« bur. 14 Feb. 174()."S Original cancelled will dated 18 Dee. 1711 anil another trill dated 1729.

Tho^ mas, 2 son.

William Fla-=pHonour, only child of Ro- Sarah,

manli of Bos- bcrt Bere of St. Ires. Set- bapt.

came, ba]>t. 9 tlcment before marriage 1691;'*

dated 8 April, 1712 ; bur. mar

at St. Ires 27 Jujie, 1732. Blake.

mank of Bos came, bapt. 9 April, 1690 bur. 1766

r r —

Marv, bapt. Eliza- 1692"; '" mar. beth, Samuel bapt.

Carkeet of 1702."= Totnes.

Samuel, 3 son ;=?=Marv, dau.

n

bapt. 1701,"= of Totnes; mar. 1733; died 1783.

of

Woodley; died 1783.

Ann, mar. Ri- chard H-any of St. Ives, 23 Aug. 1720.">

William Flamank of Bos-^Honovr, dau. of Thomas Beard of Bod- came, son and heir ; bur. 15 April, 1779."=

mm. Settlement before marriage 6 Nor. 1751 ; bur. 8 April, 1795.'*

Amy, dan. of .. =i=William Fla-^Sarah,dau. of

Ley; mar. 16 I mank, only I Know-

Ang. 1779. I son, bo. 1740. I ling, 1 wife.

^ i r^

William Flamank of Boscarne, Bobert Fla-

Clerk,D.D.,Bector of Plymptnn, mank of

CO. Oxford, and Prebendary of Boscarne,

Endellion ; eldest son and heir; bapt. 22

bapt. iJan. 1753 ;"= bur.2oJVbr. Mar. 1768;

1817,rt'f.64.'* Will dated \2 Aug. diedvnma.;

1814; Cod. 29 April, 1816. I'ror. bur. 24

24 Jan. 1818 [18 Creswaiq, ob. AjtrH, 1847,

s.p. ; mar. Mary, dau. of <y?. 80.

Hughes of Clifton, eo. Glniic. 17 Oct. 1809; bur. at Bath 29, Feb. 1848.

John, bap. 3 Mav, 1763.

Tho- mas, bapt. 16

July, 1754; died 1794 un-

Honour,

bapt. 25

June,

1765;

bur.

1778.

Samuel, bap. 7 Aug. 1770.

Ki chola s^Den nis.

Phil- lipps. Clerk, Hector and Pa- tron of Laniret; died Oct. 1817; bur. at Zanivet.

only da.

bapt. 31

May,

1757;

mar.

10 Oct.

1781;

bur. 8

Mar.

1824,'8

tut. 66.

John, 2 son.

Tho- mas, bom 1780; died 1837.

4-

:Sarah

Hing-

ston,

dan.

of . ..

mar.

Jan.

1815;

died

1849.

Wil- liam, born 1761; died 11

Mar. 1763.

Wil- liam, bapt. 1764; mar. Isa- bella Know- ling; died 1819 s.p.

-■ 1 Sa- muel, born 1767; died 1782.

Vide Pedigree of Phillipps and El>YVEAX,post.

William Flamank of Newton Abbot, CO. Devon, heir of line; born 1810; living 1869.

James.

I certify that the portion of this Pedigree printed In italics and the arms agree with the Pedigree and ai-ms of Flamank recorded in this office, in Registers marked "2 C. I." 444, and Norf. 9. 94.

Heralds' College,

Dec. 1869.

Geobge Harbison,

Windsor Herald.

FAMILY HISTORY— PHILLIPPS AND EDYVBAN.

185

3 B

186

MARTYN OF BODMIN.

Of this ancient Bodmin faniii\- the first whom wo find mentioned is Roger Mai'tyn, who, in 12th Edw. I. (1284 *) was amerced for selling wine contrary to the assise; and the same Roger was defendant at the suit of Ralph de Uonwych of Bodmin in an assize of a view of recognisance of a free tenement in Bodmin in 17th Edw. I.* Roger Martyn, probably son of the above, is mentioned in the Assize Roll of 30th Edw. I , and we also find him described in an undated deed of this roign t as seneschal of Bodmj'u, and lie is alluded to as bailiff in 31st Edw. I.* He was manu- captor for John Dira in .')3rd Edw. I., J and attested deeds in the 32nd and 3-ith of this King's reign f (1304 and 130(3). He is mentioned in an Inquisition, § and was manucaptor for William Caruball, Burgess in Pai-liament, in the following year.|| We find also Geoffry Martyn and John Martyn, H both of Bodmin, probabh^ brothers of Roger, attesting deeds of this date.f In 7th Edw. II. (1313) John Martyn was manucaptor for Amadis de Bodmyn, one of the burgesses in Parlia- ment, II and in the same year he is described as son of Roger.** John, son of Robert Martyn, which Robert was probably also a son of Roger, is mentioned in the Assize Roll of 7tli Edwi II. (1313). He is also mentioned in another Roll of 14th Edw. II. (1320), as the son of Robert Martyn of Bodmin. He was Burgess in Parliament 34tli Edw. II. (1361). jj Adam Martin, believed to be the son of Robert, is mentioned in the Assize Roll of 3rd Edw. III. and was mayor in the 19th of that King's reign (1340) ft and in (1345). His name stands at the head of the pedigree recorded in the Heralds' College.$| By Tiiomasine, daughter of William Coulyng, he had a son Roger,§§ who had two sons, Roger and ^Villiam. Roger died leaving two daughters, co-heirs. Joan, the eldest, married, 25tli Hen. \1. Otlio, son and heir of John Trefusis, and is now represented by the Lord Clinton, and Agnes the youngest became the wife of Winter.

* Assize Rolls. t At Tregothnan.

i Parliamentary Writs. § Escheats 32n(l Edw. I.

II Writs and Uetums to Parliament.

^ John Martyn and Roger Martyn di-alt largely in tin — as appeal's from the Sheriff's Account of the Stannaries .34th Edw. I. ** Assize Rolls 7th Edw. I.

tt Pat. Rolls 19th Edw. 111. p. 2, m. 22. (1329.) JJ Had. MS. 1104, fo. 84.

§§ Roger witnessed a deed dated 3rd Rich. II. now at Place, Eowey. Roger Martyn of Budniyn was one of the Col- lectors of the Subsidy 10th Rich. II. (lurolment of Tax Accounts.)

FAMILY HISTORY — MARTYN.

187

PEDIGREE OP MARTYN OF BODMIN.

A
G
t		./M

Roger MartjTi, of BodmTn. living=p. U'th ami 17th Edw. I. I

Geoffi y, Roger Martrn, Seneschnl=f= John Martyn of Bod-=Joaiina,

living of Bodmvn, living 1305.

130-1.

myn, living 1313. living 1348.

Robert Martyn, living 1313.=p. . • •

I

r "-1

Adam Martyn of Bodmyn ,'^TIwmanne, dan. of William Martyn,=Dioni- Mayor of Bodmin 1315. I WiUium Coiiling. living 138(5. sia.

Hoger Marfi/iu^ITi'trian, dim. of

Harl. MS. 1079. 240.

19 lUch. II.

Itidph Cor//.

Kogir Martyn, a ITin. iy.=j^EH:ab(f/i, dim. and hiir of Rt chard Trcrirovsi'. William Martyn, living 1430. J- ^

Agneg, second daii. and coheir, wife to Winttsr, Jane, dau. and coheir, mar. Otho Trefiigis, son

from mhotii Bogerg of Cnnningfon, co. So/ncr- and heir of John Trefusis, a" 25 ffen. VI.

set, is descended.* Living 2 Edw. IV.

[The portion in italics is from the recorded Tcdigrec of the Heralds' Visitation, Harl. MS. 1164-84.]

BLIGH. BLIGHE, OR BLIGHT.

The family of Bligh, Bliglie, or Bliglit, tliougli the name is often written in these scvorni ways, scorns to ha\ c been tlie same, and to liave borno the same arms. Tlie name is of some eon- sidcrablc anti<iuity in Bodmin,! though we do not find it among those of the inhabitants who eon- tributed to the rebuilding of the church in 1472. In tin's year, however, was Richard Bligh born, who became mayor of the borough in the year 1505, so that we conclude he was the first of the family who .settled at Bodmin, as he is the first in tlic pcdigi-co of Bligh of Bodmin recorded in the Hci-alds' Visitation Books of 1(120, from which pedigree it appears that they matched witii ihc district gentry. John Bligh, | son of Richard, was mayor in 1530, and wo find tliat William

* .Jane, dau. and s.ile lieir of Edward Winter, married Sir George Rogers of Canyugton., whose grandson Francis Rogers was living in l(i23. (Visitation of Som. 1623. Harl. MS. 1.559. 179.)

t The name ocenrs in the Manor Rolls of Trelaske as early as Henry IV.

t William Bligh, John Bligh, senior, and John Bligli, junior, were assessed to the Subsidy in Bodmin in ir.2,"i, when they appear to have been among the nio.st wealthy people in the town. (Sub. Rolls lOth Hen. VIII. {]^.)

188 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Blight was head burgess, and John Blight mayoi- in 1531 ; and, though the name of the former is not recorded in the pedigree, it is pi-obable that he was the brother of John. Thomas, son of John, died 6th Sept. 1576, when he was found to be seized of Boconnion, part of Colquite, Penhergert, &c., and that John Bligh of Bodmin was his son and heir.* John Bligh. who was mayor in 1582 and 1588, had a large fomily. Thomas his son and heir carried on tlie .succession at Bodmin, whilst John settled at Exeter and became the founder of the feniily of Blight, Lords of the Manor of Parnacott, co. Devon, which it is believed became extinct in the male line in the beginning of the 18tli century. Gilbert Bligh, son of John above mentioned as mayor, married Elizabeth daughter of Digory Roe, of St. Issey, and settled in that parish, where his descendants remained to the third generation.

Thomas, son and heir of John, recorded the pedigree of the family at the Visitation of the Heralds in 1620. He died 17th Oct. 1624, seized of the Manor of Boconnion, held of the Manor of Blisland in free socage ; a moietv of the Manor of Canalezv in St. Issev, held of the Manor of Pawton ; Trelogett, held of the King as of the castle of Launceston by military service ; Tre- weens, held of Henr}' Spiller, Knt. as part of the Manor of Colquite; and other land in Bodmin, Blisland, Endellion, St. Kew, St. Teath, and Lanivet. His son Richard Bligh, Gent., was found to be his next heir, and to be of the age of 14 years and three months. -f- Richard had two sons — Richard and Francis, the latter of whom was a notary public and mayor in 1684. The issue of both these sons seems to ha\e become extinct on the death of Francis, son of Francis, in 1727. Thomas Bligh had two other sons, viz. John, who died in 1663, leaving two sons, John and Richard ; and Charles, born in 1624, after the Visitation. We are unable to trace the baptism of Charles. It was probabh' solemnized at Hellaud, the earl}- registers of which pari.sh are lo.st ; but in his will, dated 1st Dec. 1684, he mentions his nephew Francis Blight, who attests the will. As Francis was the son of Richard above mentioned, Charles, being his uncle, must have been the brother of the same Richard. Charles was mayor of Bodmin in 1677, and died as above stated in 1684, leaving two sons, Charles and Richard.

Chai'les Blight settled at Launceston, where he was, as his monument there styles him, " sajpius prjetor." He purchased the estate of Brockle in South Petherwin, and lived there. Intermarrying with Judith daughter of George Bellew of Plymouth, and dying in 1716, he left four co-heiresses: Elizabeth; Mary, who married the Rev. William Bedford (issue extinct); Ann; and Judith, who married Arthur Lawrence of Launceston, whose great-grandson, Northmore Herle Pierce Lawrence of Launceston, Esq. is now the sole representative of Charles Bligh or Blight.

Richard Blight, son of Charles of Bodmin, was mayor of that borough in 1705-1717, and again in 1723. He had a son Lewis Blight, who was mayor in 1734 and 1741, and died in 1760, leaving several children.

* luq. p. m. 23r(i Elizabeth. + Inq. p. ni. date 14 April 10th Charles 1.

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190 PARISH OF BODillN.

ACHYM OF BODMIN AND OF PELYNT.

This family is of considerable antiquity in the county. John Echym was, on 13th Dec. 1318,* presented by the Prior and Convent of Montacute to the Vicarage of St. Neot. In 1334 1 Thomas AehjTn was attorney for John the son of John Daune, and in 1377 J Jlartin Achym took out a writ of assize of novel disseisin against Thomas the son of William, but did not prosecute the suit.

We find the family settled in Bodmin in the time of Henry VIII. William Achym was mayor in 1537, and again in 1545. In 1544 this William and Marg\-tt Achym, ])TObably brothers, were assessed to tlie subsidy in Bodmin, § the former being one of the highest rated in the towni, being assessed upon 30?. The only other who equalled it was William Vy\yan, though John Blio-he was rated at 28?. The singular name of Margytt Achym leads us to infer that there had been an alliance between this family and that of Margytt, one of whom was mayor in 1488. WiUiam, son of the above William, described as of Pelynt, registered the pedigree of the family, extending back to his grandfather, at the Heralds' Visitation of 1573. He married Emma, dauo-hter of the above-mentioned John Blighe, in 1559, and was buried at Pelynt at the age of 63 years in 1589, where a monument to his memory still remains in good preservation. The deceased is represented in basso-rilievo clad in armour, with the arms of himself and his wife above. Around the margin of the slab is the following inscription : " Hie jacet Gulielmus Acliim Armiger qui obiit die mensis decimo septimo Novembris. Anno Domini Millessimo quingentes- simo oetogessimo anno none, ^tatis sure 63." Beneath are some verses in Latin which are not wholly legible. The Achym family possessed the manor of Much-larrick or Much-lanrake in Pelynt, together with the estates of Trenake and Hall in the same parish, to which latter barton ■was annexed tlie advowson of the church.

The continuation of the pedigree was not recorded at the Visitation of the Heralds in 1620 ; but we find that in 1617 Henry Achym, Gent, petitioned against Thomas Achym, Esq. for the recovery of one messuage, &c. in Trenake in Pelynt, when Nicholas Gyll was called to warrant. || Probably this Henry was a son of Thomas, who was the grandson of the above-mentioned WiUiani. which Thomas is described as of Hall in Pelynt, and in 1618 died seized thereof and of the Manor of Much-lanrake, and also of Trenake, &c. Thomas, his son and heir, was aged nine years at the time of his father's death, and it is believed that he had a brother, Bernard Achym, who in 1635

married at Bodmin, Cecily, daughter of John Ward by Pliilii>pa, daughter of Blight. Two

children were born of this marriage : Mary, baptized 163() ; and John, baptized in 1638, who it is supposed is identi<;al with the John Achym who suffeied a fine of land in Bodmin in 1668.

Thomas Achym, last mentioned, died in 1 669, leaving tluee sons and several daughters. Thomas, son and heir, sold the manor of Much-larrick to John Trelawny, Esq. in 1672, and he suftered a fine of lauds in Bodmin in 1688. This is the last trace which wc have of the family in connection with Bodmin, but the three brothers were all alive in 1694, when their names occur

• Jlichcll's Hist, ol! St. Xeot, p. 81. + Assize Roll 7th Edw. HI.

% Assize Roll 10th Edw. III. These assizes were held at Bodmin.

§ Subsidy R>11 35 Hen. VIII. t5|. II Recoveries 14 James Hilary, Roll Lxxxs.

FAMILY HISTORY — ACHYM.

191

in tlio accounts of tlic paii.sli of Pelynt. Tlie rate-book is signed by Thomas Achym in 1702, and in 1707 he sold to tho Trehiwny family the aisle in Pel^'iit Church, which belonged to the barton of Hall. From this date we lose all trace of the family, but the following tradition is preserved in the Lysons' MS. Correspondence in the British Museum : " The last of this family sent his steward to renew a lease of some property which he held under the Duchy, but tho steward re- newed the lease in the name of Buller. Acli}'m being told of this fraud, went in pursuit of his ste\\ard and killed him on Berrydown, at a place which the people to this day call slew-gate. After this Achym, to avoid justice, went to sea, and on his death was buried in Pelynt church, where he is represented at full length on a monument." Of course the appropriation to him of the monixment described above is an error, but the tradition is still quite rife among the natives of Pelynt.

PEDIGREE OF ACHYM.

^■^ ^ <^

^VU/iam Achaii

=pMargaret, dan. anil lie I John Tri:rilla.

ir of

William Acham of Builmyn.- in Cornirall. Mayor 1,537, 15-15; (?) buried 151)4.*

■Margcri/, John Achym,'

dim. anil heir of Botlmiu. (/ JoTi n White.

^Agiies, buried 1575.*

Tanisiu	Raffo,	1 LoivdCy	\ M iUiaui.\.chain~y-Einma^daii.	Jone,
Achini,	bapt. at	mife to	ofPlenynth^aVs	of John	bur.
liuried	Bodmin		Plijnt, in Corn-	Bliqh of	1575.'
1559.*	1558 :bm-.	Aiicrij.	wall; bur. 1.58!),	liodmini ;
r	1558.*	-r	ict. 63. M. I.f m. lo5'J.* r -■ r-	■ - 1

I

Agnes.

George and Johu, bapt. 1560.*

Thomas Arham,^. Sonne and heire. I

Mar- Eliza- gerij. hcth.

William Achym held a free tenement in the Manor ot Trchxwny in 1G05. The same name occurs as .a free tenant of the same manor in 1C28 and in 1035.

I

Thomas Achym, of Hall in Pelynt, bought Trenay=p, in St. Neot ; Lord of the Manor of Much Lan- rake, and of Trenake in Pelynt. Died 12 Deer 1618. (luq. p. m. 18 James I.)

-r

Bernard Achym,^Cccily.dau.of John and Phil- John Achjnn,

of Bodmin. I lipjia Warde ; died 1639,* married .suffered a fine

I mar. 1635.* Jeremy of lands in

1 ' 1 Spry. Bodmin 1668.

MaiT. bapt. 1636.* Johu Achym, bapt. 1638.*

Thomas Achym. of Hall, in: Pclvnt, granted lease of Trc- nav 16.-J2 ; died 1669. Will dated 16r,4 ; born 1609. (Inq. p. m. of his father.)

:Ursula, Henry, dau. of

I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I

I I I I I I I . ^ I .

Mary, Mary the Eliza- Ann, Marga- Thomas Achym, son and heir, conveyed Jonathan, young- Francis, un-

eldest 4th dau. beth, 5th ret, Trenay and land.s in St. Neot to .Toliu est son, of Tre- dcr age in

dau. 6th dau. young- Ilambly, 13 April 1672. Signed Parish nake,uuder age in 1664; living

dau. est dau. Accounts 1702 ; suffered a line of lands in 1664 ; living 1693. in 1694.

Bodmin 1688.

I certify that the portion (pf this Pedigree printed in italics and the Arms agree with the Pedigree and Arms (.f

Achym recorded in the Heralds' College.

George HaEBISON, Windsor Herald.

At B.Mlmiu.

t At Pelynt.

192

PARISH OF BODillN.

MICHELL OF BODMIN.

The family of Michell or Mitchell was of considerable standing in Bodmin for at least three generations from the middle of the sixteenth century. Ralph Michell was assessed for the subsidy at Bodmin in 1544, and was three times mayor, viz. 1551, 1560, and 1578 ; and was also burgess in Parliament in 1555. His son, Richard Michell, was also three times mayor. He died without issue in 1607, and the representation of the family devolved upon his brother, Gilbert Michell, and his issue. Gilbert also had been mayor and burgess in Parliament. The family passed away fvova Bodmin about the middle of the 17th century. Tliese Michells formed alliances with the best blood in the countv', e.ff. with the Roscarrocks, Kendalls, and Carminows.

In our search for the continuation of this family we discovered that a certain Edwai'd Mitchell in 1074 married Elizabeth Chapman, sister and heir of William Chapman, the son of Richard, the son of Edward Chapman of Resprjm, Gent., who in the year 1(511 purchased the Manor of Resprin of Thomas Carminow, Esq. By this mai'riage the Mitchells acquii'ed the Manor of Resprjai and other lands in St. Winnow and Lanhydrock, but Chapman Mitchell, son of Ed- ward, sold Resprpi in 1745, and his son Chapman died in 1751, v. p., and was buried at Bodmin. We have failed, liowever, to establish any connection between this family and the Michells of Bodmin, of which we are specially treating.

We have been equally unsuccessful in tracing any consanguinity between either of these families and a fitmily of MicheU some time settled at Bodmin, now represented bj- William Michell, Esq., M.D. of Plymouth, who sometime represented the borough of Bodmin in ParUa- ment. This gentleman is the son of Bennett Michell of Bodmin, the son of Bennett Michell of St. Austell, son of Jolm Michell of the same place.

Radiilphug MicheU, de Bodmin in eom.^.... Cornubire. Mayor 1551, 1560, and 1571; I Burgess in Pari. 1555 : bur. 1578.

Ricardus MicheU, 2 fiUiif, diixit Phil. Jiliam ^^'aIteri Ken- daU of PcUine, et oh. s.p. Bur. 1()07; mavor IJSi. 1593, and 1605.

GiUjertus MicheU^Francinca, filia Ant/i.

de Bodmin, tiliiiset hares. JIaTorl604, bur. 1612. Burgess in Pari. 1585.

iVan- Jane ces, bapt bapt. 1603.

2. lla-3.Gil. Phillij)-- dill- ber- pug Mi- 1597; phus. till. chell

Poicarrock de Crotean; renupta Joh'i fsinders de Bodmin. Mar. Gil. bert iliibell at Bodmin

21 XoT. 158y.

Ed- ward, bapt.

1604;

bur.

1605.

mar. Wm. Blight 1622.

de Bod-

min,Jil.

et htrr.

fuper-

ites

1620.

=Blanche dan. of beth Thos.Car- dau. minoWjbo. of

1602; mar

St. Win- now 1625; died 1673, aged 71. M. I. No. 11.

— T 1

Kliza — r'^Bicar — J)oyo- Jana di/s, bpt. 1602;

thy, d. of

niavor 1630 and 1643.

nvpta Jfich'o Maynard de Milt OH Abbott in com. De- von; mar.

bu. 16 1609; died

Mav 1610.

1639.

Tur- ney ; mar. 1628;

Gilbert, bapt. 1640. France?, bapt. 1643.

I certify that the portion of this Pedigree printed in italics, and the Arms, agree with the Pedigree and Arms of Michell of Bodmm recorded in the Heralds' Visitation of 1620. 2 C. I., 401.

George Habbison, Windsor Herald. December 1869.

193

SPREY OF BODMIN AND ST. KEW.

This family migrated from St. Columb. The first who would appear to have settled at Bod- min was William Sprey, who married Elizabeth daughter of Kittow of the last-mentioned

place, where tliej had several children bai)tized ; the earliest registered being in 1562. Nicholas Sprey was, it is probable, christened before the registers were commenced. This gentleman mar- ried Margaret daughter of Christopher Walker, Town Clerk of Bodmin, to which office he suc- ceeded, and was resident at Bodmin in 1620, the date of the Heralds' Visitation, when lie registered his pedigree, showing his descent from his father with continuation to his grand- children.

Nicholas Spre}^ died in 1624,* being then Town Clerk, and in his will makes several remark- able bequests to the town, to which we have already alluded under the head of Charities, and Customs of the Town.

Christopher, eldest son of Nicholas Sprey, married Johanna daughter of Richard Courtenay of Lanivet, and, dying before his father, left issue two sons and a daughter. Stephen, the second son of Nicholas, would seem to have been at the point of death at the time of the decease of his father, who says in his will, " whereas I do not know whether my son Stephen Sprey be living or not," &c. He survived his father but a very short time. His wife was enceinte at the time of his death, but we find no trace of issue. By his will, dated 1st May 1624, he bequeathed to the poor of Bodmin all his estate in a house in Lostwithiel Street, and a jjlot of ground beyond the bridge by Halgaver Mill. He married Jane, daughter of Littleton Trenance, to whom probate was granted on 14th April 1625, under the name of Jane Sprey, but on the 30th of the same month administration of the will of Nicholas Sprey was granted to her, under the name of "Jane Sprey ats Perryman,t relict of and executrix to the will of Stephen Sprey, deceased, son of Nicholas Sprey, deceased." Nicholas Sprey in his will mentions his cousin John Sprey of St. Columb.

Philip Sprey, eldest son of Christopher, inherited considerable estates acquired by his grand- father, and settled at Trevinnick in St. Kew. In the time of the rebellion he adhered to the King, and all his estate, both real and personal, was sequestrated. Ho was seized of a freehold in St. Kew for life, with remainder to Nicholas Sprey his eldest son and the heirs males of his body, with remainder over successively to his other sons in tail; J and of certain lands and tenements in Bodmyn, Lanivet, St. Winnow, and Egloshayle. He was also seized for tho term of his life in a moiety of the sheaf-tithe of the Rectory of St. Kew, remainder to Wilmot his wife for her join- ture, remainder to Nicholas Sprey his eldest son and the heirs males of his body, and remainder o\er as above. He conqiounded for these and other lands on 22nd May 1649, for the sum of 288^.§ The family appears to have become extinct in the male lino on the death of his grandson Philip Sprey, Vicar of St. Issey, in 1729, who left two daughters then children.

* Prin. Court of Probate, Byrd 96. See also Clark 42.

f She married John Perryman, presumed to lie the same who was afterwards Town Clerk ; the following entries oeeur in the Parish Re};ister :

1G25. John the son of M' John and .Tane Penynian.

1626. George the son of M' John anil Jane Pen'ynnin. t Settled by deed dated lath January 19th Onirics I. § Royalist Composition Papers, vol. x.xxviii. fo. 505.

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FAMILY OF DAGGE.

The family of Dagge was settled in St. Teath at an early period. Roger Dagge was assessed to tlie subsidy in that parish 1st Edw. III. (1327.) William Dagge of St. Teath in the begin- ning of the litli century married Janet, daughter of John Smith of Trewigget, in St. Kew,* which subsequently became the seat of the Dagge family for many generations. John Dagge of Trewigget, by Margery daughter of William Webber of St. Kew, had three sons : John, the eldest, continued the succession at Trewigget, and registered the pedigree of the family at the Heralds' Visitation of 1620. f Abel Dagge the third son settled at Bodmin, and on 12th February 1620 married Margaret Martin of St. Kew. He was Mayor of Bodmin in 1652, and died in 1663, leaving several sons, of whom should be mentioned John, Abel, and Henry.

John Dagge was Mayor of Bodmin in 1667 and 1678. He had a son, Jonathan, who matri- culated at Oxford on 15th November 1678, and was instituted to the Rectory of Endellion in 1709 (of whom hereafter).

Henry Dagge was Mayor in 1674. He had several children, but his descendants disappear from Bodmin in the beginning of the 18th century. John settled at Fowey, and died 1703; Henry had three sons, John, James, and Henry, f who were eminent legal practitioners in London in the middle of the century. Henry was the purchaser, soon after 1754, of the Manor of Pallingswick in the parish of Hammersmith, which he again sold to John Dorville, Esq. in 1765. James purchased Killiganoon in Cornwall. He and his brother Henry became connected with Covent Garden Theatre, and appear to have died involved and issueless.

John had three children — John, Henry, and Catherine. Henry was practising as a solicitor in Clement's Inn in 17110, but both brothers appear to have died s. p. Catherine died unmarried in 1837, aged 73 years, and was buried at Hammersmith, as her mother had been in 1808. She left all her projjerty to the children of George Cory of Hammersmith, Esq.

Abel Daggo, baptized 1622, had a sou of the same name who is mentioned in the will of John Stone of Bodmin, dated 1667. § We have no certain evidence what became of him, but we believe him to have been the father of Abel Dagge of Bristol, apothecary (druggstrucker), who was admitted to the freedom of that city after his marriage with the daughter of Thomas Hall of Bristol, II and who, from philanthropic motives, became Governor of the prison in that city in 1739. His memory is preserved by the kindness with which, in bad times, he treated the unfortunate persons placed under his charge. Dr. Johnson bears testimony to the tenderness and civility with which Mr. Dagge treated the poet Savage, who died in the prison at Bristol, and was buried in the church of St. Peter in that city at Mr. Dagge's expense. This gentleman is now represented by Abel Power Daggo of Lisbon, Esq.

* The family of Smitli was siMited at Trewit;}^(;t as early as 1280, as appears from the following deed : Know &c. I Luey wlio was wife of .John Smith of Trewigett in my inirc widowhood f;ivo and grant, &e. to Rieliard Smitli my son and Itoesia daughter of John Crailoek all my messuages, &e. Dated at Trewegett, An . reg. reg. Edwiirdi post Conciucstuni AngliiU oetavo. f llarl. MS. Illi2, fo. 121!. Original Visitation.

J Henry Dagge wa-s the author of an ahle work entitled: "Considerations on Criminal Law." 1st Edition 177;i. Seeond Edition enlarged, 1771.

§ •' To Aliel s<in of Ahel Dagg 5/. towards his advaneenicnt to some good ealling, tho same to he jiaid to the same Ahel Dagg as .soon as he shall lie eapahle of a trade." Proved in Archd. Court of C'ornw. Se])t. l(il!7.

II His son, of the same name, a surgeon, and eoront-r of the eity and counly of Uristol, was admitted to the freedom of the eity 1751. He was the author of a pamphlet, entitled " A rare and singular, tho' not less jjroper, method of treating a highly ardent or ' Aerimonious luflamatory Fever.'" Bristol, 177U.

f

196

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PAEISH OF BODMiy.

CR0SS3IAN OF LANCARFE.

A pedigree of the family of Crossmau of Cross,* a manor in Morwenstow, is registered in the Heralds' Visitation of 1620. It commences with John Grossman of Cross, who was living in 24th Henry VII. It is not improbable that it is the same family, members of which are described as " atte Cross " in the reign of Edw. I., before hereditary surnames were fiilly settled. We have, however, no evidence to connect the Crossmans of Lancarfe with the family at Cross, altliough it is probable that they were of the same stock, especially as both matched with the Trevanions of Carhayes.

Our earliest notice of the family of Crossman in connection with Bodmin is the 30th of Queen Ehzabeth, in which yeai- we find Richard Crossman of Bodmin, Gent., Lord of the Manor of Lancarfe, which Thomas Crossman, his grandson, in 1653, sold to Thomas Bullock. After the sale of Lancarfe the family would appear to have settled at Bodmin. Humphrey Crossman of Bodmin, in 1682, married Jane Lavers, and died in 1704, leaving a son, Robert. We are unable to prove the descent of this Humplu'ey fi'om the Crossmans of Lancarfe ; but, inasmuch as he would probably have been born during the period of the rebellion, we are not surprised that no record of his baptism is found in the parish registers. It is not improbable tliat he was the son of Thomas Crossman of Lancarfe, who in 1649 married Susan, daughter of Hugh Trevanion of Gerrans

CROSSMAN or LANCARFE.

Richard Crossman, o£ Lancarfe, gent. bur. 26 May, 1626.^Jone, dan. of Kestcll, mra'. 1574, bur. 1603.

I I I I I 1

Elizabeth, bapt. 1576. bur. John -

1600. Cross-

Jone, bapt. 1578, bnr. 1581. man, 2 Agnes,bapt.l5S0, bur. 1581. son ; Frances, bapt. 1584. bapt.

Walter, bapt. 1588, buried 1589,

1596. bnr. Ap.

.5, 16.S2.

1

Kicha-, bap. 1587, m. Reig- nold Rogers, of Lank, 1604.

Richard Cross- man, son and heir; bap. 1685, bur. 26th Jnlv, 1643, s. p.

Thomas ^Embh-n, sister of Thomas

Cross- man, 3rd son, bapt. 1599, bnr. 1666.

Mnndave and dan. of John Mnndayeof Rialton, grand- daughter of John Mnndave, brother of the last prior of Bodmin. Marriage settle- ment dated 21 Sept. 1621; mar. 20 Nov. 1 62 1 , bur. 1634.

Richard,

bapt.

1609,

buried

1610.

I Richard, - bapt. 1613.

^Blanche Hendy, married 1635.

Richard. Thomas Crossman, =j^Susan, dan. of Hugh bap. 1622, son and heir, bapt. | Trevanion of Ger- bur. 1623. 1623. Sold Lancarfe | rans. Marriage set- Richard, to Thomas Bullock in j tlement dated 29th bap.1626. 1653.

Nov. 1649.

— I — I

John,

bapt.

1624. ■W.ilter.

1627.

Eli- za- beth, bapt. 1591.

Benja- min, bapt. 1629, b. 1640.

Wil- George,

liam, 1634,

bapt. bnried

1632. 1634.

Humphrey Crossman, died 1703. AdministrationT=Jane, dan. of LaTers,mar. 1682; died 1713. Will dated 11

granted to widow in Archd. of Cornwall 1704. | Dec. 1713; proved in Archd. of Comw. 11 Jan. 1713.

Robert CrossmaB. Cecilia, mar. John Wilkius.

., mar Webber.

.mar. John Lavers.

Elizabeth.

Joan.

Elizabeth.

William.

* Arms of Crossman of Cross : Sable, a chevron or between three goat's heads erased argent ; but we do not know that the Crossmans of Lancarfe used these or anv other arms.

199

BULLOCK OF LANCARFE.

This family was settled in tlie jmrisli of Lanliydroek on the accession of Queen Elizabeth, where Thomas Bullock was baptized in 1563 and Richard Bullock in 1568. Thomas Bullock of Lanhydrock, great-grandson of the above Thomas, purchased the manor of Lancarfe in 1656, and, dying s. p., the estate passed to his brother Richard Bullock, who in 1685, in conjunction with his son and heir, Thomas Bullock, alienated the same to John Mounsteven. After this Thomas Bullock and his brother Robert removed to Bodmin, where they lived in some credit for several years. The latter died in 1732, leaving surviving issue one son Richard and three daughters, Elizabeth wife of William Browne, Dorothy wife of John Bennett, and Mary wife of Warne Fry Richard died without issue in 1742, when his three sisters became his coheirs.

BULLOCK OF LANCARFE.

Bullock of Lanhydrock^

Thoinas Bullock, bapt. 15C3 ; * of = Lanhydrock.

Richard Bullock, bapt. 1568.*

Constance, dau. of =pJohn Bullock of Lanhydi'ock,=pMary, dau. of Tour,

bur. 1622.* bur. 1622.* mar. 15'J4.

Constance, mar. Charles Mitchell 1641.*

Thomas Bullock of Lanhydrock, bur. 1642.*

bapt.

1601,*^Elizabeth, dau. of bur. 1640.

7

1 i • J

Thomas Bullock, bapt. .John Bullock, heir of Richard Bullock, bapt.-

1632; purchased Manor his brother; bapt. 1034; 1636; heir of his bro-

of Lanrarfe 1653; ob. bur. 23 Noy. 1658; { ther ; sold Lancarfe

8. p. 1656.* M. I. ob. s. p. 1685 ; bur. 1717.J:

^Dorothy, dau. of John Martiu Elizalieth,

of London; mar. settlement bapt. 1637,*

dated 17 June, 1659 ; mar. H> bur. 1640,* June, 165il;t bur. 1694. J

Thomas Bullock, sonand heir, bapt. ^Jane, dau. of

1660;J joined bis father in the sale of Lancarfe to John Mounsteven in 1685.

...Parsons, mar. 1683,; bur. 1727.t

Eliza- beth, bapt.

Joseph, bai)t. 1672. J

John, bapt. 1661.3

-]

Chris- T=Robert Bullock of Bodmin,

tiau,

buried

1716.

John, Eliza- bapt. beth, 1684.} bapt.

1685, J l<;s6,t bur. bur. 1693.t 1717.t

+ -r-

I I I I

Ri- Jane, Robert, Mary, chard, baj)!. ba]it. l)apt. l)apt. 1688. + 1689.^ 1693.^

i

b.apt. 1665,: I'ur. 1732. Will proved in Archdeaconry Coui't of Cornwall 26 May, 1733.

I I

I

Mar- Doro- Joseph, bpt. Elizabeth, Richard, bapt.

ten, thy, 1699,t bur. married 1703,Jbd.7Mar.

bapt. bapt. 1723,ts.p. William 1741-2. J Will

1094,J 1696,: John, bapt. Browne of proved in Arch,

bur. bur. 1697, Job. Bodmin Court of Cornw.

1696.J 1717.: s. p. 1713.* 1742, s. p.

m

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Dorothy, bapt. 1705,1 mar. John Bennett.

Mary, bpt. 1705,t mar. Warne Fry of Bodmin 1727.:

At Lanhydrock.

t At St. Mabyn.

if At Bodmin.

200

PARISH OF BODMIN.

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PENNINGTON.

Tlie Pciiningtons of Cornwall were eminent and successful bellfounders. We find them residing at Bodmin as early as the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Robert Penynton of Bodmin had two .sons, John baptized in 1595, and Bernard ten years later. John married at Bodmin and had seyen sons baptized there, one of whom was probably the progenitor of the Penningtons of Lezant and Stoke Cljmsland, who carried on the business of bellfounders nominally at that place, but, itinerating thence, they cast most of their bells near the churches to which the bells belonged. Between 1702 and 1818, these popular founders cast nearly 500 bells in the county of Deyon, and, it is belieyed, as many in Cornwall. " FitzAnthony Pennington of Lezant, while crossing Antony ferry with a bell in a boat, intended to be set up at Landulph, was drowned April 30th 1768. He is buried in the Tower of Landulph, and on a mural tablet, besides his name and age, may be read the following epitaph :

The' boisterous winds and billows sore Hath tossed me to and fro,

By God's decree, in spite of both, I rest now here below."

Almost contemporaneous with the earliest of the Bodmin Penningtons, we find bellfounders of the same name, and most likely of the same family, actively engaged in business at Exeter. Thomas Pennington of Exeter cast a bell at Eggesford in 1(318, from which date there is scarcely a year for a very long period in which his mark is not found on the church bells of Devon. John Pennington of Exeter also began to cast bells in 1635, and continued to do so diu-ing the remainder of the century.*

Bernard Pennington of Bodmin, second son of Robert Penynton first above mentioned, was also a bellfounder, and so describes himself in his will, proved in 1074, in which he bequeaths (after the death of his wife) to his son Christopher his " woorkehouse " and all his moulds and tools belonging to the same. This Christopher is also described as a bellfounder in the grant of administration of the eifects of his wife, who died in 1696.

The Penningtons of Bodmin soon after this would seem to have relinquished the business of bellfounders. William Pennington, son of the last-mentioned Christopher, entered holy orders and became Vicar of Davidstow. His son William Pennington purchased the site of the Priory in 1788, having rebuilt the house some twenty years previously under a lease. His grand- daughter and heir, a lady of great accomplishments, married Walter Raleigh Gilbert, Esq., descended from the Gilberts of Compton Castle, co. Devon, who dying without surviving issue the Priory passed to his brother, the Jiov. Edmund Gilbert, by whose grandson, Lieut.-Colonel Walter Raleigh Gilbert, it is at present possessed.

Arm$ of Pennington : Or, five lozenges in fess azure. No pedigree of Pennington is recorded in the Heralds' Visitation of Cornwall of 1620, and the earliest evidence we have of the use of the arms is a beautifully engraved seal attached to the will of Bernard Pennington of 1674, to which reference is above made.

• The Chunh Bells of Devon, by the Uev. II. T. Ellacombc. 3 F

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204

DEMOXFRYART.

Tliis family was resident at Bodmin for about a century as leading inhabitants of the borough. The first of the name who settled here was Vincent Demonfrj-art, a physician, who had several children baptized between 1628 and 1647 ; but John, who would seem to have been the eldest, being first named in his father's will with a bequest of twelve pence, was probably born before his father established himself at Bodmin. George Demoufryart, son of John, also a physician", was baptized in 1652. He was five times Mayor, and died in his year of office in 1717. He had a large family, but many of his children died in infancy. Of what became of the sur\-ivors we are ignorant, but the name is not traced as occurring in the registers, or other documents connected with the town, later than 1722, in which year Ann, widow of the said Dr. George Demonfryart, was buried.

Arms : between two flanges .... three wheat ears. These arms occur on many

seals to documents among the municipal records, but we have no other authority for them.

PEDIGKEE OF DEMONFKYART.

Joan, ^Vincent Demonfrvart,-pCha-

dan. of

first wife.

John De-=pMa- monfry- art,named in his fa- ther's will.

dau. of

John, bapt. 1649.*

of Bodmin, physician. Will proved in the Archdeaconry Covrrt of Cornwall, 2Sth Janu- ary, 1677.

rity, dan.

2nd ' wife.

I

-H — Mar- garet, bapt. 1628.*

1

Nicholas,

bapt.

1630,*

buried

1681*.

A^incent,

bapt.

1632,*

buried

1652.*

—I I

Alice, Wil.

bapt. liam,

1638.* bapt.

1647.*

I

George Demonfryart, of Bodmin, physician, bapt. 1652.* Mavor of Bodmin 1691, 1694,"l70O, 1712, and 1716: died in his year of office, 1717.

=Ann, dau.

of

Mowat, m. at St. Min- ver 1675, bur. 1722.*

I — i — I — 1 — i— n — r

I I I 1 I ! I I Henry, bapt. 1676,* bur. 1676.* John, iiapt. 1678,* bur. Howard, bapt. 1681,* bur. 1681.* Ann, bapt. 1684,* bur. 1689.* Edward, bapt. 1691,* bur. 1713.* Johanna, bapt. 1697.* bur. 1697.* George, bapt. 1700,* bur. 1701.*

I Matthias, bap. 1703.* bur. 1720.*

— r-i

I I A incen(,bap.

1680.* Nicholas, bapt. 1683.*

Marr, bapt. 1687',* mar. Henry Dagge 1714.*

I

Wil- liam, bapt. 1689."

1 —

I Elizabeth, bap. 1692,* m. Aaron Saun- ders 1721.*

Ann, bapt. 1695.*

Johan- na, bapt. 1699*

* At Bodmin.

205

THOMAS OF LELANT, CUEY, AND TREMAYNE IN ST. MARTIN'S IN MENEAGE.

Tliis family claims descent from Sir William ap Thomas, a gentleman of Wales, whose coat armour was allowed to William Thomas of Cury at the Heralds' Visitation of 1()20. They would seem to have settled in Lelant about the end of the fourteenth century, in consequence of the marriage of Richard Thomas, a Welsh merchant trading between Wales and Cornwall, with the daughter and heir of John Hickes of Lelant. John Thomas, great-grandson of Richard, married the daughter and heir of ... . Rosmell of Bodmin ; and the grandson of the said Jolm, William Thomas of Cury, above-mentioned, who registered his pedigree at the Visitation, was twice married. By his first wife, the daughter and coheir of Nicholas Penticost, of Retalliek, in Constantine, lie had one son, John, who settled at Tremapie. His son and heir William Thomas, barristor-at-law, married Cecilia, widow of John Treise of Lavethan, where he seated himself, and on his death in 1GG9 was buried in Blisland church.* Three children were the issue of this marriage, t but one only, William, the youngest, would seem to have survived his father.* He also was a member of the Inner Temple. He left apparently two children, John who succeeded him at Tremayne, and Jane, who became the wife of Thomas Allen of Boskenwyn and Bosavern, in St. Just. We have, however, no direct e-\'idence of the parentage of John. To the articles before marriage of Jane Thomas, dated 9th February, 1709, now in tlie possession of her great- great-granddaughter, Mrs. William Bolitho of Polwithen,:j: John Thomas of Tremayne, gent, whom we conclude to be the brother of Jane, is one of the parties, and is appointed one of the trustees. Of this gentleman we have at jjresent no further trace except that the late Edward Thomas of Helston and Calling-ton claimed to be descended from him through Edward Thomas of Lelant, who died in 1790. From the said marriage of Jane Thomas, or Thoms, as the name was frequently written, are descended the family of Hichens of St. Ives, and Cecilia, only sur- viving issue, of the late Rev. Jolm Allen, clerk, and widow of the late Rev. William Hodgson, clerk, now of Cheltenham.

William Thomas of Cury took to his second wife Mary, daughter of John Pendarves, and had four sons and six daughters. William, the eldest, married Joan daughter of Alexander Cara of Constantine, and settled in that parish, where his son Emanuel was baptized in 1 636-7. § The latter afterwards, probably on account of his cousin William Thomas being resident at Lavethan, removed to Bodmin, whence, in February 1658-9, |! he entered at the Inner Temple as Emanuell Thomas of Bodmyn, gent. On 3rd August, 1657, he had a certificate that his intention to intermarry with one Mary Larken had been published three times in Newgate Market, and that they had licence to marry when they pleased.lf AVe have not succeeded in tracing this marriage, but we find in the Parish Registers of Bodmin under the date of 1664 a record of the burial of "Ann, the wife of Mr. Emanuel Thomas." Emanuel Thomas is a ])arty to many deeds, fines, and recoveries, &c. with William Thomas of Lavethan and Cecilia his wife relative to the Treise, afterward Morsliead, lands in Blisland and the neighbourhood.

* lirff Hist, of Blisland, p. 59. f Ih'ul. p. ;i9. % Mrs. Bolitlio has a portrait of lier ancestress.

§ Parish Keg. || Admissions, Inner Temple. ^ St. Bride's Parish Keg.

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207

VIVIAN OF BODMIN.

The name of Vivian is of great antiiiuity in Cornwall, and is found dispersed throughout the (;(Hinty in all ranks of life. This patronymic has been fancifully traced to a certain Vivianus a Roman General. A branch of the fiimily of Vivian (now written Vyvyan) has been seated from about the time of Henry VII. at Trelowan-en, and is now represented by Sir Richard Rawlinsou Vyvyan, Bart., whose father Sir Vyel Vyvyan claimed to be the legal representative of Prior Vivian, of whose family we arc now treating.*

The pedigree of the family of Vivian of Bodmin, recorded at the Heralds' Visitation in 1620, commences with the prior and his brother John Vivian of Bodmin. Unfortunately tlie name of their father was not stated. Mr. Vy\-yan Jago has conjecturedf that this person was Robert Vivian, a second son of Richard Vivian of Trelowarren by Florence daugliter and coheir of Richard Arundell of Trerise ; and upon this conjecture Lysons and others have rehed in the sup])osititious accounts given of this family. Mr. Jago, however, adduces no proof wdiatever for his theorj-, which is inconsistent with established facts.

Thomas Vivian, prior of Bodmin, had a confirmation of his arms in 10 Hen. VIII.J which arms differ, very widely, fi-om those of the Vyvyans of Trelowarren. § It is probable there was some connection between the Vivians of Bodmin and ^\'illiam Vyvj'an of Trehunsey in Quethiock, one of the parties to the conveyance of the site of the Friary to the mayor and burgesses of Bodmin. II We have, however, failed to obtain any information which would enable us to establish this connection ; and, indeed, as to the descent of the Vivians of Bodmin we have not been more successful. The prior's brother John had two sons: Edward the younger died without issue male ; and of the descendants, if any, of his brother John we ha^•e no record.

There seems to have been a close connection between the Vivians of Bodmin and a family of Vivian of St. Columb, of which John Vivian of that place recorded a pedigree at the Heralds' Visitation of 1620, extending back to his grandfather John Vivian, who married Olive daughter

and heir of Tresaster, and was the father of Thomas, who, by Ann daughter and heir of

Peter Lower of Truro, was the father of the said John, who married Margaret daughter and heir of William Cavel of St. Kew. No arms were recorded for this family at the Visitation, but in 1637 the said John Vivian received a grant based upon the arms confirmed to the prior of Bodmin, the only difference being that the annulets upon the chevrt)n and the martlets upon the chief were omitted, f At the same time he was allowed to quarter the arms of his grandmother (Tresaster) and those of his wife. The most singular fact, however, is that these quarteriiigs are, upon the Visitation record, allowed to the Vivians of Bodmin, even including the arms of Cavell, the wife of John Vivian of St. Columb, who was then living. This is manifestly incorrect.

• See Account of Prior Vivian's Tomlj, No. 1. t Lysons Corr. AiUU. MS. 9418. 95.

X Grants, Heralds' College. § The arms of Vyvvan of Trelowarren are: Ar. a lion ramp. gu. armed sa.

II Ante sub Grey Friars. ^ Grants. Heralds' College, 1637.

208

PARISH OF BODMIN.

Mr. Vyn'an Jago has also attempted to connect tlie Vivians of St. Columb witli the Trelowarren family, by supposing that John Vivian, the recorded progenitor of the former family, was the son of a John Vivian of Trenouth (which is not improbable), and that the latter was the son of Thomas, a younger son of John Vivian of Trelowarren by Elizabeth daughter and coheir of Thomas Tredurfe. He, however, furnishes no satisfactory evidence, his conjecture being based upon the probahility that Trenouth was a part of the Tredurfe estate. Of this family Sir Richard Vyvyan of Trelowarren is the legal representative by tlie marriage of his ancestor Sir Richard Vp'yan with Mary the daughter and heiress of Francis Vivian of Cosworth, Esq.

Arms of Vivian of Bodmin. — Or, upon a chevron azure between three lion's heads erased proper, three anuidets of the field, upon a chief gules three martlets argent

PEDIGREE OF VIVIAN OF BODMIN.

Yiuian

1 — 4. Vivian.

2. Tres.aster.

3. Cavcl.

T'

John Yiuian de^ Bodman in Com Cornnh.

Thomas Viiiian. Prior de Bodmin temp. H. 8.

I

Johannes Viiiian,=pElizab: filia et coh: Tlwma de Bodman, Jiliiis Tregoff de Penjiole in et ha-rt's. Comitat. Cornub.

"T"

Thomas Viuian,Jilius Ednmrdus Muian de Key in-rJana filia Joh'is primogenitus. Com. Cornub. sup'stes 1620. Trcncreke de Kaye.

Johannes Saiees de Kage in=^Gracia Jilia et har. Edmardi

Com. Cornub.

T

Yiuian.

Johannes Hawes fil. et har. cetatis 9 Annoru' 1620.

2. Franeiscus.

3. Beginaldus.

1. Maria.

2. Elizab.

I certify that this is a correct copy of the Pedigree and Arms of Vivian of Bodmiu, as recorded in the Heralds'

College. Register raai-ked 2 C. I. 337.

Geo. Habeison,

Deer. 1869. Windsor Herald.

209

MUNDAY.

A brief account of the family of the last prior of Bodmin can scarcely fail to bo acceptable in this history. He is known as Thomas Wandeswortli, but his family name was Munday, as has been before noticed in the record of the events immediately preceding the dissolution of the priory. The founder of this family was Sir John Munday, knt , citizen of London, who was sheriff in 1514, alderman of the ward of Aldgate in 1517, and Lord Mayor 1522. When the insurrection of the apprentices on 1st May, 1517, called the Evil May-day, occurred, he attempted to stop the riot, but was driven off by the rebels and glad to seek safety in flight. From his eldest son, Vincent, are descended the Mundays of Derbyshire. Thomas, the second, became prior of Bodmin, having, it is probable, been previously in a convent at Wandesworth, whence he derived the name by which he was afterwards known in Cornwall. The third, John Munday, followed his brother to Bodmin, and he and his family greatly profitted by the grants of the convent, in anticipation of the dissolution. John Munday himself had a grant of a lease of the manor of Rialtoii for 09 years, and settled there. His daughters married into the best county families — the Prideauxes and the Kendalls, and several others. Though they continued with some credit at Rialton during the period of the lease, they do not appear to have prospered, for soon after that expired tiiey seem to have sunk from the rank of gentry, tliough the name is found in St. Columb Minor down to tlie end of the 17tli centmy.

Arms of Munday of Cornwall. — Quarterly gules and sable, upon a cross engrailed or five lozenges azure ; upon a chief of the third tlu'ee eagle's legs of the fourth, a-la-quise ; a mullet for a difference.

THE FAMILIES OF LE TAILLOUR, BEKET, AND BERE OF BODMIN.

We find the family of le Taillour in Bodmin in the time of Edward I., and it seems to have become extinct in the beginning of the reign of Rich. II. William le Taillour gave a mark to have a license of agreement with Roger Blyker and Matilda his wife, concerning a tenement in Bodmin, 30th Edw. I. (1301.)* Roger le Tailleur was manucaptor for William Caruball, Burgess in Parliament for Bodmin, 33rd Edw. I. (1304) and also for John Bylonn in 15th Edw. II. (I321).t He and Meliora his wife are mentioned in 9th Edw. II. (1315).* Their son Roger married Jone, daughter and heir of John Nantian, Lord of Kenwyn, by the daughter of AV alter (le la Hay ; and by this marriage acquired considerable property in the neighbourhood of Truro. This Roger appears to have been a man of great wealth. He was assessed to the subsidy levied in Bodmin in the time of Edw. III. (year unknown) at more than three time.s as much as any other inhabitant of the town. J William, his grandson, left an only daughter, Johanna, who married, first, Thomas Paderda, by whom she had four daughters ; and secondly, Nicholas Beket, the representative of a family which held lands in Bodnn'n at an early date. There are lands now

* Assize KoUs. t Writs and Keturns to Parliament.

J Subsidy Rolls, Edw. III.

3 H

210 PARISH OF BODMIX.

at Lower Whitley known as " Beket's Grove." Bv Nicholas Beket she had a son Edmund, who was manucaptor for William Penfoun, bui-gess in Parliament for Bodmin, 9th Hen. YI. He married the daughter and coheir of Thomas Lanhergy, by Alice, daughter and heir of Stephen Fairford, by whom he left an only daughter Ann, who became tlie wife of John Bere of Pengelly in St. Neat, the representative of another ancient Bodmin family.

We find the Beres in Bodmin as early as 3rd John (1201),* when Alward Bere was amerced one mark, and Alan his brother half a mark, for disseizin. In 37th Henry III. (1252)* Walter le Bere was sued concerning a mill at Bodmin. In 11th Edw. I. (1282) Stephen le Bere was amerced for selling wine contrary to the assize.* In 14th Edw. I. (1285) John le Bere and Stephen le Bere were parties to a suit concerning Bodiniel,* and in 30th of the same King's reign (1301) Roger le Bere of Bodmin petitioned against Reginald Lowys concerning a tenement in Bodmin* In 1309 Roger le Bere was witness to a deed relating to Tregannick, and in the following year to another relating to Trefi-eake.f Thomas Bere recovered Crellon in 1369.* The same Thomas was burgess in Parliament for the borough in 15th Rich. II. (1391), when John Bere was his manucaptor, and he was again I'eturned to the Parliaments of the 18th and 20th of the same King's reign.:]: Another Thomas was mayor of Bodmin in 1447 and again in 1450.§ He is be- lieved to be the same who maiTied Jone, daughter and heir of John Udy of PengcDy in St. Neot, by Jone, daughter and heii" of ... . Pengelly of the same place, though this Thomas is described in the visitation pedigree in the Heralds' College as Thomas Bere of Brammer, a place which we are unable to identify. Tlie Beres would seem, however, to have had possessions in St. Neot before this alliance, for we find that as early as 9 Hen. lY. (1408) * John Bere and John his brother, Johanna Bere and Alice Bere were sued concerning lands in that parish. Tliomas Bere and Jane Udy had issue John Bere, who, as is above mentioned, took to wife Ann Beket. Two sons were born of this union ; John, the eldest, inherited Pengelly. He died without issue male, and left a daughter, Philippa, who married first, Hmnphry Ai-undell, by whom she had no issue : and afterwards Peter Bevill, whose descendants are now her representatives.

Upon the death of John Bere, Pengelly passed to his brother Thomas, to whom payments of high rents for lands in Bodmin were made annually by the mayor and bm-gesses as late as ]501.|| He would appear, however, to have been dead before 1509, for in that 3'ear pa^nnent of high rent for lands in Borelane was made to John Bere of Pengelly, and in 1527 a similar payment was made to the heirs of John Bere.|| Thomas Bere had another son, Robert, who married Jaquet, daughter of Kestell of Park, and founded the family of Bere of Belawren in Egloshayle. John Bere of Pengelly, last mentioned, had a son William, Avho had a son Thomas, who died s.p. and was buried at Botlmin in 1604,^ and a daughter Grace, who by marriage with John Grylls of Lanreath, carried the estates, including the advowson of the Church of St. Neot, into that family, which estates are now enjoyed by her representative, Lieut. -Colonel Shadwell Morley Grylls of St. Neot.

* Assize Rolls. f Deeds at Tregothnan.

+ 'Writs and Returns to Pari. § See List of Mayora.

II Accounts of Receiver-General. ^ Monnmental Inscription, No. 7.

LE TAILLOUR, BEKET, AND BEEE.

211

Philip Nantian=

Oliver (le la IIay=

I

William le Taillour, of Bodmin,^ Richard Nantian, son=p Alice.

30 Edw. I. I and heir. |

I , p

Walter de la" Hav.

_L

Roger le Tail-=pMeliora, lour of Bodmin, I 9 Edw. 9 Edw. II. I II.

I

Margery ,=p John Nan- dan, and tian, son co-heir. and heir.

:Isa- bel- la.

Lucy, dan. and Alice, d. and coll., coh. m., lord of m. Thomas Cham- Truul Gnrthurft. pernon.

I

1

1

Roger le Taillonr. of Bodmin.^Johanna, dau. and John, ob. Nicholas Nantian, oli.^Sibella, i-cmarried John de

27 Edw. III.

heir, 21 Edw. III.

s.p. s. p. before 27 Ed. III.

John le Taillour, of Bodmin, 20 Edw. III., burgess of Bodmiu.^^Johanna. John, ob. s. p.

Uestournek, 27 Edw. III.

I

Pengelly, of Pengelly.=p..

I , 1

William le Taillour, of Bodmin, 49 Edw. III.=FJohanna, 49 Edw. III.

I

r -r '

I

John T=Jone, dau. Thomas Paderd;i,=pJohanna.dau.=pNichola3 William =Jo- Thomas=f=Alicc, dau. and

Udy, of Pengellv,

and heir.

20 Rich. II., Rich. II.

and heir, 9 I Beket, 2 Beket, 2 han- Lanher- Ilen. IV. I Hen. V. Hen. V. na. gr. , I

heir of Stephen Fairford.

-1 r-' 1 1 1

Thomas Bere, of Pen-^Jone, dau. Isabell, mir. Jane, mar. Margaret. Catherine, Edmund =pJohanna

gellv. Mayor of Bodmin, I and heir Land- William mar mar Beket, 6

1447-1450. I warnick. Beket. Ashton. Cocke. Hen. VI,

°;J

dau. and heir.

I

John Bere, of Pengelly, living 1480.=f:Ann, dau. and heir, living 1519.*

I 1 ,

Thomas Bere, of Pengelly, living 1501 (Bodmin=pJohanna,* living John Bere, of Pengelly ,=f=Elizabeth, dau. and heir ol

Accounts); dead in 1519.

in 1519.

ob. 3. p.m.

.Tohn Carminow.

-|

Robert Bere, of Belawren^Jaqnet, dau. of Kestell, John Bere of Pengelly; living=T= Philippa, dau.-T-Peter

in Egloshayle. | of Park in Egloshayle. 1511 ; dead before" 1527. and heir. 1 Bevill.

I I '

William Bcre=p John Bevill, of

Killvgartb.

Agnes, dau. of John Lynam=FJohn Bere.=pThomasine, dau. of John Borough,

of St. Kew.

of Egloshayle.

of Pengelly.

) I I

Elizabeth, m. Ja-

-m

I

John, Thomas, Uo- Elizabeth, m. Ja- Richard, Jtargaret, Joan,

1 son, a-t. 20, bcrt, 1618 Richard quet. 3rd son, bapt. 1C04. bapt. bur. in Bodmin

set. 28, l«20,bur. bapt. BillingofBo Ma- l)apt.lG07, Priacilla, 1008. Church 1(;04.

1620. 1674. 1606. siron. rv. ob. s. p. bapt. 1611. Philipp. M. I. No. 7.

I

Thomas Here, Gracc.-pJolin Grylls, of Lan- reath.

From whom is descended Lt.- Colonel S. M. Grylls, of Saint Neot, living 1870.

* " I, Ann Bere, widow of John Bere of Pengelly, grant to Johanna Bere, widow, late wife of Thomas Bere my sod, all that messuage called Borlawren in Egloshayle." Dat, 7 Oct. 10 Hen. VIII.

212

KESTELL OF BODMIK.

The family of Kestell of Bodmin derives its descent from Symon son of John Kestell of Egloshayle, by Joan, daughter and sole heir of Nicholas Godolpliin. Symon married Jane, daughter of Richard Boturnal,* and his descendants appear to have acquired the estate fi-om which that name was derived. We find John Kestell as one of the largest contributors to the rebuilding of Bodmin Church, 1468-1472.1 William Kestell was assessed to the subsidy in Bodmin in IG Henry VIII.J and John Kestell and Thomas Kestell in the 35th of the same king's reign. J The Kestells of Bodmin held Boturnal by military service of the Lord of the Manor of Penvrane, and in 15th Eliz. Thomas Kestell of Bodmin, gent., did homage to John Treflrj', Esq. Lord of the Manor of Penvrane, for one knight's fee in Over Come and Nether Come, and one acre of land Cornish in BoturnelI.§ This Thomas Kestell was town-clerk of Bodmin in 1560, || and died in 1577. In 1580 Walter Kestell paid 7s. 8d. for relief and homage after the death of his father Thomas Kestell, to John Treffry for the same lands. § Walter settled at Bradoak, and, mar- rying the daughter and heir of John Forde of Egloshayle, his son and heir, Thomas Kestell, leturned to that parish and settled at Pendavy, where he was seated at the time of the Heralds' Visitation * of 1620. Several of the name, however, continued at Bodmin until the beginning of the 18th century. We purpose to treat of this family more at large in our account of Egloshayle.

STONE OF BODMIN.

Lysons states that this family was descended from the family of Stone of Trevelver in St. Minver, who, he adds, had a residence in Bodmin for several generations before 1603, when John Stone represented that borough in Parliament. Notwithstantling some diligence in research, we have failed to discover any evidence of this descent, nevertheless the statement is probably correct. AVe do not find the name in the Subsidy Rolls for Bodmin of the reign of Henry VIII., but it appears almost at the commencement of the Parish Registers. The first entry is the marriage of John Stone and Elizabeth Garby in 1564, and the next the biirial of Elizabeth Stone. These were probably the parents of William Stone, and of John Stone above-mentioned, who was mayor of Bodmin in 1600 and two following years, and Burgess in Parliament in 1603. William Stone, his son, was mayor in 1622, 1630, and 1637. For several generations this family took a foremost place among the burgesses of Bodmin, and its members frequently held the highest municipal office. The last of the name was Mr. Samuel Stone, who died on 1st June 1838, in Dover Road, London, and was buried in the vicinity. He left a considerable estate, both real and personal. The personal property he bequeathed to two Misses King, and the fi-eehold was inherited by his next of kin, the Willses, Bennets, and Blighs, descendants of the three daughters and coheirs of John Stone, brother of Thomas, grandfather of the deceased.

Arms : the same as Stone of Trevelver : viz. Per pale or and vert, a chevron engrailed between three Cornish choughs counterchanged.

* Visitation Pedigree. t Bodmin Chnrch Accounts.

t Subsidy Rolls. $ Deeds at Place, Fowey.

II Award in the dispute betucen the towns of Bodmin and Liskeard : see ante.

213

STONE OE BODMIN.

John STONE.T=Elizabeth, (lau. of Garby;

■ mar. loG-1;* htu'. 1568.

John Stone, Mayor of Bodmin-i- IGltO, 1001, lfi02; Burfre.xs i Parliament 160:i; liur. 1C29.

William Rtone.=i=

John. ,

Joane.( ilieil in John, linfanc}-. Marv. )

I Frances, hapt. 1(!()2; hnr. 1623.

I Ilarrye,

Impt. 1604.*

William Stone,=pWilmott,

Mayor of Bodmin 1622, 1630, 1637; bur. 1642.*

dau. of

bnr.

1643.

I Mary, bapt. 1586.

I Kathcrine, l)apt. 1588;* bur. 1588.*

(Jartred.

Kathcrine, bapt. 1619.

I I

Elizabeth, John Stone of Bodmin, haberdasher, bapt.:

mar 1622;* mayor 1657, bur. 1G67.* Will

Hele. proved in Archd. Court Sept. 1667.

Wiimot, Kathcrine, Frances, bapt. bapt. bapt.

1651. • 16.-)3.* 1656.

1

I John Stone, son and- heir; bapt. 1659;* bnr. 1727.*

^Kathcrine,

dan. of

bur. 1688.

Richard, Robert,=p. . bapt. bapt.

1624.* 1632.

r

: Elizabeth, dau. of Charles Blight Two

of Bodmin; mar. KiSl;* bur. daughters

1739. See pcd. of Blight.

John Stone bapt.

1685;* bur. 1761.

i^^Joan, lau. of

I Charles, bapt. 1687.*

May;

mar.

1733,

bur.

1783.

1

Samuel Stone,= liapt. 1090;* Mayor 1731, 1738, 1746, 1752; bur. 1766.*

^Honour, dau. of

Fry;

mar.

1717,*

biu'.

1740.*

1

I Richard, bapt. 1695,' bur. 1722.t

-1..

1

I

Elizabeth, bapt. 1683;* mar. John Merri- liuld.

Catherine, bapt. 1682;* married Edward Brad- lick of Lanhy- drok 1717. See pcd. of Edy- VEAN.

Wii- mot.

Abigail, <lau. of

1st wife;

buried

1723.*

^Thomas:

Stone,

bm-ied

1753.

Will

proved

at Exe-

terl754.

Samuel,

bapt.

1737;'

bur.

1742.

Elizalicth,

bapt.

1743;*

married

William

Cradock

1768.

Catherine, bap. 1747; maiTied (Jeorge Wills 1768. I

Elizabeth, bapt. 1751; married Stephen Bennett 1768. I

Hester,

bapt.

1758;

mar.

Richard

Bligh

1777.

Trances, dau. of

Kempc : mai-ricd 1724;* bu. 1770; 2nil wife.

Richard,

bapt.

1722;*

buried

1722.*

John Stone,=pCalherine, Richard Stone,:=Joanna, dau.

bapt. 172

Mayor

1763.

dau. of Hugh King of Kirland; mar. 1762; died 1826, ict. 94. M.I. No. 3.

bapt. 17S died 1784, a:t. 56, s. p. M. I. No. 25.

of Walter Radcliffo of Warleigh, co. Devon; liur. 1792,* «;t. 63. M. I. No. 25.

_L

Sanuiel Stone, bajit. 1763;* died in Lon- don 1 June,

1S38.

John, bapt. 1765 ; died 1788.

Thomas Stone of^pMary, daughter of

Bodmin, mercer; bapt. 1767;* bur. 1832.

Edward Truscott, mar. 1792;* bur. 1822, ait. 64. M.I. No. 81.

I Elizabeth, bapt. 1768,* buried 1769.*

r

Catherine Lovedav, bapt. 1796; bur. 1832, ii-t. 36." M.I. No. 81.

* At Bodmin.

3i

214 PARISH OF BODMIX.

KEMPTHORXE.

This family derives its name from au ancient estate in the parish of Clawton, co. Devon,* where it is jn'obable they continued seated for a considerable period, but eventually, probably about the beginning of the loth century, upon failure of male issue of the elder line, the estates passed with the heiress to a younger sou of the Leys of Beer-Ferrers, who settled at Kempthorne, and in course of time wrote themselves Ley, Ley alias Kempthorne, or Kempthorne alone. •[• Li the early part of the 15th century, John Ley of Kempthorne married Thomasine, daughter of Robert Jourdan of Tonacombe, in the parish of Moi'winstow, and seated himself there. John Ley, alias Kempthorne, his eldest son, married Katherine daughter of Sir Piers Courtenay of Ugbrooke, co. Devon, and dying in 1592 s.p. the estates devolved upon his next brotlier, Nicholas, who took to wife Margaret daughter and heir of John Laveney. His grandson John Ley alias Kempthorne of Tonacombe registered the pedigree of his family at the Heralds' Visita- tion in 1620, and was allowed the arms of Ley and Kempthonie quarterly. By Eulalia, daughter of John TreAeliian of Nettlecombe, Esq. he left an only child Honour, born in 1G20. She mar- ried Thomas W addon, to whom she carried the Tonacombe estates, and is now represented by William Waddon Martin of Tonacombe, Esq. Richard, a younger son of John Ley by Thomasine Joui'dan, settled in the parish of Merther. J He was twice married, and had issue by both wives, some of whom are supposed to have migrated to Mullion in Kerrier, and Carminow in the parish of Mawgan. Samuel Kempthorne of Mullion died in 1G65,§ leaving, with other children, a son Edward, whose grandson of the same name, of Carminow, by Margaret, the daughter of Pascoe Tregidyon of Tregidj-on in Cury, had a large family. Samuel his fourth son is now represented by his grandson John Buckingham Kempthorne, of Polhormon, near Helston, son of Capt. Samuel Kempthorne, Royal Navy. James, his fifth son, entered the Royal Navy, in \\hicJi he accom- panied the gallant Boscawen in many of his enterprises, and attained the rank of admiral. || He married Eleanor, only child of the Rev. Sampson Sandys of Lanarth, and of St. Martin's in Meneage, by whom he had three sons and a daughter. John, the eldest, became senior wrangler at Cambridge, and afterwards Prebendary of Gloucester, who, in 1837 died seized, among other lands in the Lizard district, of the Manor of Rosenithon in St. Kevern, all which, after his decease, were sold. Three of his sons are now living, viz. John, Vicar of Wedmore, co. Somerset ; Richard, Rector of Elton, co. Huuts., late archdeacon of St. Helena ; and Samp-

* Pole's Devon, sub Clawton.

t Parish Keg. of llorwuistow and Heralds' Visit. 1G20.

% Heralds' Visitation. § Par. Ucg.

II The family o£ Kempthorne has been remarkable for its attachment to the navy. Admiral Sir John Kempthorne finds a place in Prince's Worthies of Devon (p. 549). He was knighted for his brilliant achievements. His son Captain Morgan Kempthorne is celebrated for the defeat of seven Algerine men of war with a single frigate; he was mortally wounded. There is a montmient to his memory at l.eghom. Thomas Kempthorne, Commissioner of Chatham Dockyard, maiTicd the great-grandaughter of John Hampden the Patriot. The inscription on his monument in Hampden church, 1759, informs us, that, following the example of his ancestors, he served his King and Country in the Royal Xavy.

FAMILY HISTORY^ — HOBBS.

215

son, settled in Now Zealand. James, second son of Admiral Kemptliornc, purchased Kir- land and settled there. He married Mary Peter, daughter of George Borlaso of WadelM'idge, afterwards of Kirland. Of the issue of this marriage two sons and two daughters still survive : viz. Capt. George Borlase Kemptliorno, late of the Indian Navy, and John Kempthorne of Cal- lington, surgeon ; both of whom have issue. The daughters are Eleanor Hosken, widow of the late Sii- Josei)h Graves Sawle, Bart ; and Caroline Gilbert, widow of the late Ambrose Thomson. Mr. James Kempthorne died at Bodmin in 1851, and a monument to his memory was erected in "the parish church (No. 27), whereon is displayed the quartered coat of Ley alias Kempthorne of Tonacombe.*

Eleanor, the daughter of Admiral Kempthorne, married the Rev. Charles Bryan, and had a son, James, now in the Admiralty,' and a daughter, Ellen, who married first Henry Neville of Walcot, in Northamptonshire, Esq. ; and, secondly. Colonel Cracroft Amcotts of Hackthorn, CO. Lincoln, now M.P. for Mid-Lincolnshire, and chairman of the Quarter Sessions of his county.

HOBBS.

For two or three descents members of this family were prominent inhabitants of Bodmin. We find Hugh Hobbs, gent, settled in Bodmin before the middle of the seventeenth century. He married Joan, one of the daughters of John Dunkyn of Penzance, by Elizabeth his wife, one of the si-sters and coheir of Christopher Walker, which Joan was sister to Cecilia, who married first John Trciso of St. Thomas by Launceston and afterwards William Thomas. Upon the settle- ment t of the estates which Cecilia derived from her uncle upon her second marriage in 1663 the I'emaindcr in the manor of Barlandew, and in the moiety of the manor of Hamatethy, and also a sixth part of the said manor, in the event of the failure of issue of Cecilia, was conveyed to her sister Joan Hobbs and the heirs of her body. Hugh Hobbs was mayor of Bodmin in 1654, 1662, and 1682, in which last-mentioned year he set up the King's letter in Bodmin church. Upon the grant of the new charter to Bodmin in 1685 he was therein appointed one of the aldermen or capital burgesses. Wo find him, Joan his wife, and Walker Plobbs his son and heir apparent mentioned in a deed dated in 16!:)2.| He died in 1697, and was buried at Bodmin, leaving two sons, Walker and Hugh. Walker also was a distinguished burgess of Bodmin, and mayor in 16(15 and 1701. He had a large family, but, with the exception of two sons. Walker and Christopher, and three daughters, they all died in infancy. Mr. Walker Hobbs died in 1725 and his brother Christopher in 1733, the first apparently without surviving issue and the latter unmarried.

Arms on a bend three birds . . . , on a chief . . . two stag's heads cabossed. These

arms are derived from a seal to a deed executed by Walker Hobbs on 28th November, 1711, and now before the author.

» 1 and 4. Arfjcnt, a clicvroii between three bear's heads couijed at the slioulders sable, for Lnj; 2 and 3. Argent, three pine trees fructed proper, for Kempthorne.

t Deeds at Lavcthan. % Deed at Tredethy.

216

TABLE SHOWING THE DESCENTS AND CONNECTIONS

TABLE SHOWING THE DESCENTS AND CONNECTIONS OF SEVERAL EMINENT CORNISH FAMILIES.

Tony. Vide Pedigree of Tont, Hist, of Blisland, p. 05.

Alice, heiress= of Tony. I

=Guy de Beancliamp, 2nd Earl of Warwick, ob. 1315.

Thomas Beauchamp, .3rd Earl: of Warwick, oli. 13G9.

=Katherine, dan. of Roger Mor- timer, Earl of March,

Ralph Stafford, Ba- ron Stafford, creatcil Earl of Stafford, ob, 1372.

JI"

■Martraret, dau. and heir of Hnj;h de Andcley, Earl of Glo'stcr, and great-grand- daughter of Edward I.

Thomas: Beau- champ, 4th Earl, ob. 1401.

^Margaret, dau, of William Lord Fer- rers of Groby.

Thomas=pEleanor, coheir of Bohun William=pji)an,

of Wood- stock, son of King Edw.

in.

Earl of Hereford.

Richard Beau-=pElizabeth, coheu-

Beau- champ, created

Lord Aberga- venny, ob. 1410.

dau. and coheir of

Thomas Fitz Alan Earl of Arun- del.

champ, 5th Earl, ob. 1439.

of Thomas Lord Berkeley.

Philippa.T=Hugh Stafford, 2ud Earl of Stafford 1386, ob. 138fi.

Richard Beauchamp,^Isabel, dau. and heir of Tho.

created Earl of Wor- cester, ob. 1431,

L, Despeucer by Constance Plantagenet.dau, of Edmund Langley, Duke of York,

Alianor,' dau. and coheir.

"Ednumt		1 Edmund Staf-=f
Beaufort,	ford, 5th Earl
Duke of	of Stafford, in
Somerset,	succession to
Regent	his brothers
of France,	Thomas and
and grand-	AVilliam, ob.
son f>f	1403; slain at
John of	Shrewsbury.
Gaunt.

Anne, coheir of her brother Humphry Plantageuet.

Ralph=i	-Joan,
Ne-	dau.
ville,	of
Earl	John
of	of
West-	Gaunt
more-
land,

Humphry Duke of Buckingham,^ Anne Neville, slain at Northampton 141J0. I

Edward Neville,' ob. 1476.

^Elizabeth, sole daughter and heir.

Margaret Beaufort, -Ith sister and coheir of=pHumphry Earl of Staf- Henry Duke of Somerset, I ford, slain at St. Al-

i bans, V. p. 1455.

Sir George Neville, Lord=pMargaret, dau. of Sir

Abergavenny, ob. 1492.

Henry Staifford, Duke of Buckingham, be-^^Katherine Widville, dau. of Richard Earl Rivers by headed at Salisbm-y 1483. I Jac(iueline of Luxemburg; descended from Simon

I de Montfort, the great Earl of Leicester.

1 ->

I Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham.=pAlianor Percy, dau. of the Earl of Northumberland, beheaded 1521, I and descended fi'om Lionel Duke of Clarence,

Hugh Fane.

Mary Stafford.^George Neville. Lord Abergavemiv, ob, 153.0

I a

OF SEVERAL EMINENT CORNISH FAMILIES.

217

Richard Fitz Ive^

Roger Carminow

ob. 1276.

'T

Lnce or Maud ,^Sir Robert Hellegan,

ob. 1272.

Sir William Hellegan ob. 1286.

,=^Margaret, dau. of Sir William I Dunstanville, ob. 1285.

:Isabel la Blanche, dan. of King John.

dau. of the Fair Maid of Kent, grandaugh. of King Edw. I.; bur. at Bod- niin (?)

Edw. I. Kin] of England,

Sir Belemus Hellegan Margaret of

.=plsabell, ob. 1313. I ,

j France.

Thos.

therton, Earl of Norfolk, ob. 1338.

de Bro-=7=Alice, dau. of Sir Roger Halys.

Isabel.T=Sir John or Otho Petit, I Kut.

_i

(2) Sir^pAnne

John

Carmi-

Sir Ro-=^Kathe- ger Car- minow. (1)

r

rme Shir- ley.

Margaret.Du-: chess of Norf . dau. and co- heir, ob. 1399.

^Tohn Lord Se grave 1354.

Elizabeth, da.=p John,4th Ld.

and heir.

Marv-

ett. "

(l)Sii

Thos.

Carmi-

I

^Tane

Wales-

boro.

Mowbray, grandson of Henry Earl of Lancas- ter, ob. 1308.

Sir John Petit.-r dan. of Wales-

I boro.

I '

Sir Johu Petit.=y: dau. of Sir John

I Seneschall.

1 '

Sir John Petit.^AIice, dau. of Sir I Michael Beachamp.

r ->

Uda Petit.^Jaue Trevanion. , I

Martyn Petit.^

Sir Michael=p Petit. I

. dau. of Lord Bonville.

fn^

i\

Sir Wal-^Alice ter Car- Tin- minow. | ten.

SirWU-: liam Carmi- now.

Phi- lippa.

Jane. Thomas DukeT=Elizabeth, sist.

I

of Norfolk, K.G.,ob.l400.

r

:Mar- garet Kel- ley.

(1) Ralph, drawn over a cliff by his greyhounds.

I

Margaret, co- heir of John Duke of Norf.

and coheir of Thos. Earl of Arimdel. ^Sir Robert Howard.

Goviley of Goviley.

Margaret.^Sir John Petit, I ob. 1362.

I 1 Isabel,=FJohn Tre-

Sir Michael^ da. of Sir coheir. I nwith of

Petit. I John Bloen, Kt.

Trenwith.

(l)Thos.: Carmi-

Jane, mar. Sir Thos. Ld. Carew. son of Joan Cotu-tcnay, heiress of L'Erche- dekne.

(2) Wal-=^Janc Res-

tcr. prill, dau.

and heir

of Thos.

Eesprin.

1

Margaret, married Sir Hugh Courtenay of Bocon-

John How-=pCatherine,d.

Sir John Petit.^Margaret I Trenwith.

ard, 1 Duke of Norfolk.

of William L. Molines.

Eliza-=pJohn Tre- thurf, son of the heir- ess of St. Aubyn.

Margaret.=pSir Thomas [ Wyndham.

Sir Thomas^EIinor, dau.

Wyndham. and heir of Sir Richard Scroop of Upsal.

Mar^aret.^FSir Andrew Luttrell of Dunster, Knt.

John Petit of^Jane,d.of Wm. Ardevora. | Anthorne.

r— ' Four daughters

coheiresses.

James=pAlice, heiress.

Tresa- har.

J

Marga-: ret.

Sir Nicho-- las Lord Carew, ob. 1471.

■Roger Yorke. Vide Chanc. I'ro. temp. IClizalieth.

Thos. ^Eleanor, dau.

Yorke.

Vvvyan of Trc- lowar-

by

r Henry AValrond the h. of Wliitiiii:, of Uradlicld.

Vid. Chanc. Pro. Tresagher v. Parkin, before the Rt. Hon. Sir Nicholas Bacon, Kt. the Lord Keeper.

1 — —

I Michael Petit, o. s. P.

Michael Petit mar. Thomasine Leigh.

Thos.=pElizabeth, dau. of Petit. I John Godolphin.

Tlios.=f

Petit. I ._^ I

Michael^ dau.

Tresa- har of Bu- dock.

of

Nanspian.

3 K

218

TABLE SHOWING THE DESCENTS AND CONNECTIONS

Katherinc NeTille.=pSir John St. Leger of Annery, I Devon, grandson of Anne Bote- ler, coheir of Thomas hist Earl of Ormond.

and	heir of	Richard
Dowrish of	Dowrish,
9th	in direct	descent
from	Walter	Dowrish
of	Dowrish	, temp.
Hen	ni.

^Elizabeth, dan. of Sir John Ta- vemer of co. O.xon. ob. 1581.

Frances, dau. and coheir of Sir John^John Stnkeley of Affeton, Devon. St. Leger.

Thomas Dow-=pAnna, daughter

rish rish.

of Dow-

I

Walter l)ow-= rish of Dow- rish, Esfj. Vi- sitation 1620.

of Charles Far- ringdon by Mar- gery, dau. of Sir Thomas Stuke- lev of Affeton.

=Mary, only dan. ob. 1604, it. 54; brass in Sand- ford church.

Katherine Stukeley.:

^Thomas Do\Tri,sh of DowTish; mort. temp. Visit. 1620, a;t. 52.

John, a!t. 27, Thomas, a!t. 21, 1620; Colonel in the 1620. Pari. Army; ob. s. p.m. in Ireland,

Will Prerog. Court of Canterbury 1654.

Lewis Dowrish of Dow-=pAnnc, dan. of Emannel

rish, bom 1602; mar. 9 Oct. 1627; ob. 7 March, 1688.

Davy of Creedy ; at Sandford 23 1671, a;t. 67.

bur. Nov.

Agnes Pal-^Lewis Dowrish,=pFranees Jacob,

bapt. 10 April, 1638 ; buried 6 May, 1689.

mar. 29 Oct. 1657; buried 3 Nov. 1670.

Walter, Nathaniel, bapt.=Anastasia, bapt. 7 Jan. 1643-4 ; daugh. of

31 Aug. ob. 5 Nov. 1713, Hill.

1641 ; s. p. Will prov- Will prov- ob. s. p. c(l in Prerog. ed at Exe- Conrt of Cant. ter 1728.

I

Will-	L(	.wis	^Elizabeth,	John	John	Anne
iam,	Dow-	dau. of	Dow-	Dow-	mar.
bapt.	rish,	Thomas	rish,	rish
14	bapt.	Clark; she	bapt.	Joll,	Barri-
Dec.	26	married	7 Jan.	bapt.	bal.
1680;	Apr.	2ndly	1667-8 ;	1677,	bapt.
died	1677;	Charles	biu-.	ob.	1682.
un-	ob. 17	Challis	1702	m-
mar.	Sept. 1717	of Lyon's Inn.	s.p.	fans.
	s.	P-

John, bapt.^^Frances

21 April, 1685, at Trewen ; liur. 1 Jan. 1783, at St. Bndeau.\.

Slyman, mar. 15 June, 1724, at Cardin- ham; bur. 11 June, 1772, at St. Bn- deanx.

James Tresa-^Elizabeth Chappie, bar, born at mar. at Ruan Lani- Tregonv 31st home 8 Dec. 1739. May, lh4.

OF SEVERAL EMINENT CORNISH FAMILIES.

219

r'

Sir Eiimnnd^Katberinc,

I — '

Johun

Lord Ca- rew, ob. 1513.

cdhfir of Vy-

SirWilliam vyan

IliuUlers-

flfUl. I 1

Bar- ham

Vy-

vyan,

oi).

1632.

• (la.

of Mal- let of Devon.

:Hnmphry Yurke of Phillack, ob. 1C33; mar. l5Sr>, at Mawg:an in Meneage.

r>ir.IoliuMHii<l;iv,Kjit.== Jiiiian dan

L.Mavor oi'Londii a'.D. 1522

George Ca-- rcw, D.D. Dean of Windsor.

^Anne, dau. of Sir Nicholas Harvey.

Anne Yorke, eldest dau. and^ coheir. Visitation 1(120.

Sir Peter: Carew, ob. 1580.

:Etbcldreda, dau. of William Gardiner of CO. Bucks.

George Carew, Baron Clopton, Earl of Totnes. O. S. P. 1629.

^Thomas Tresabar of Treve- than, liv- ing visi- tation 1620.

r

TlloiriaS.Surn: '^\'ands^vur(h, last Prior rf Bod-rnin.

~r

oCWiHiai.i s.auilL h: of SirJ.Bro'SN'ue.

John := J

Mittutnv

. coK-.

ol' Av'ny oi 1jl»6 twit Kiel.

Michael Tre-=fElizabeth,

■ r

Sir Alan Apsley, Lieut.=f=Anu, dau. and heir, of the Tower, ob. 1630. |

1 ' 1 n

Lister Blount.^Joycc. Peter, Other chil- — 1 o. s. p. dren, o. s. p.

sahar of Go- viley, Trego- ny. Will at Doctors' Commons 1664.

Lister Blount, died in infancy.

dau. of William Elyott, Esq. of Falmouth.

Laurence = Ka-theritie Kentlall . Munda^-.

RichardT=Mary, dau.

Moyle.

William Carlyon.

(1) Michael Tresabar, o. s. p. Vid. Close Rolls, conveyance of Govilcy l)y Ezechiel Trcsahar (brother and heir) to Hugh Bos- cawen of Tregothnan.

Richard:

Moyle.

J

Ezechiel,:^Elizabeth,

ob. 1734, at Tre-

gony.

dau. of

I Henry Carlyon of Menagnins,: gent. Will proved 1684 at Bodmin.

of Laurence Kendall.

:Emlen,dau. of Thomas Vivian, of St. Columb.

Margaret Dowrish, heiress-general of Dowrish, born^r^George

at Sandford IS Dec. 1645. Marriage settlement A.D. 1676; ob. 10 June, 1694, at Altemon.

Joll, ob. 1692 at Al- temon.

Michael: Tresa- bar, ob. 1744 at Tre- gony.

:Mary, dau. and heir of Richard Avent of Tregony, gent.; mar. Ascension Day 1701 at Lamor- ran; bur. 1724.

Henry,

o. s. p.

I

:Barbara. Visit. 1620; died .at St. Austell, 1668.

Richard Sco-=rBarbara

ble of Mena- guins and Polruddan. Will 1693, prov. at Bod- min 1716.

Carly- on, only child and

heiress, died 16 March, 1712.

Henry Hawkins, dicd=pBarbara, coheir

at St. Austell 1734.

of Francis Sco- ble. Will jiroved Exeter 1749.

Francis, mar. Mary, dau. of Sir .losepb Tredcnbani. E.xtiuct.

Mary, sole heir of Tresahar.^Hcury Hol-

born 27 Dec. 1742, at Tregony; mar. 27 Aug. 1763, at Stoke; ob. at Stoke, 1786.

man, born 1740, at St. John's; bur. 1 March, 1815, at St. .lobn's.

I

Richard, born 1740 o. s. p.; died abroad before marriage of his sister.

Danicl^Anna Hawkins, Richard Carveth, mar. 1743.=pDorcas Gerrans.

Moyle, mar. 1718; ob. 1724,

eldest dau. and coheiress, born 1693, ob. 1723.

Richard Car-^Margaret

veth of Barti- liverand Car- vossa Probns, ob. 1822, a-t. 75.

Andrew, ob. 1823, a;t. 77.

John:

Ciir-

pen-

ter

of

Tre-

go-

ney.

:Anne.=r:James Veitch.

James Veitch, Capt. R.N.

220

TABLE SHOWING THE DESCENTS AND CONNECTIONS

Honor, born 23 Mar, 173S,=f John Pode, ob.

at Altemon; mar. 2lj Nov. 1760, at Stoke; ob. 1818.

1810, a;t. 73, at Stoke.

William Carthew,=pAnna Morle, coheiress, bom 1717, ob. I bom 1719, mar. 1741, 17G7. I ob. 1755.

I

Matthew, ob. un- married.

Frances, mar.= 25 May, 1781, at Stoke; ob. in Jersey.

^Thomas Drake, bom 13 Dec. 1757, at Wool- boro ; ob. 1835 in Jersey.

(l)John, o. s. p.

(2) Henry Hol-=pSarah Speat,

man, born 9 March, 1768, at Stoke; ob. Jime, 1840, at Stoke.

mar. 11 Oct. 1793, at Stoke; ob. 17 Jan. 1S44 at Stoke.

John Pode Drake,=FSnsan Johns Hohnan, bom

bom 1794 at Stoke; liring 1870 in London.

at Stoke; mar. 24 March, 1819, at Stoke; ob. 4 Oct. 1865 at St. Austell, a;t. 68.

Henry, ob.

unmar.

Lovedav.

William.

Hemr Hennah: of Blackheath, bapt. 1771, d. 1850.

-r

:Ann, dan. of Thomas William,

Buckle of Wensley, co. Capt. K.N.

York; bom 1775, mar. C.B. 1796, died 1853.

Joseph Edward Thomas Hennah of Brix-=^Jemima Hayes, dan. of Thomas of Brighton, ton, H.E.I. C.S.; bo. 1800, | Edglev of London; bom 1806,

living 1870. died 1843. -J-mar. 1825, living 1870.

EUzabeth Tod, lst^=Henry Holman Drake of St.: wife ; ob. at St. Austell, only issue ; bom 2 Austell 14 April. March, 1820, at Halifax, N.S. 1849, s, p.

I 1

=Mary Carkeet. 2nd da. m.8 Jnne,1857, at Plvmouth ; bom at Falmouth.

Marv Elizabeth Dowrish, 1870.

Henry Dowrish, set. 10, 1870.

Margaret Dowrish. ob. infans.

Theodora Dowrish, 1870.

BLAZONRY OF THE ARMS ON THE SHIELDS IN THE TABLE OF DESCENTS.

1. BOHUS Az. a bend arg. cotised between six lioncels ramp. or.

2. Plantagenet Qnaiterly, France (ancient) and England within a bordnre ar.

3. Cakmixow Az. a bend or and a label gu.

4. Akchdekne Ar. three chevrons sa.

brings in Saccomh Ar. three bends sa.

Soche Gn. three roaches naiant ar.

St. Aiibyn Ar. on a cross gn. five bezants.

Talbot Gu. a lion ramp, and bordnre eug. or.

Mortimer ... Barry of six or and az. on a chief of the first 3

pallets between 2 gyronnies of the second, oyer

all a bend gn.

5. Dinham Gu. 4 fusils in fess ermine.

brings in *-l ?W«'« Gn. three arches or.

Cimrtenay Or, three torteaux.

MoeU Ar. two bars gu. and in ch. 3 torteaux.

6. HuDDEBSFlELD Ar. a fess between three boars passant sa.

brings in Bozon Az. three bird bolts ar.

*St. George ' ... Arg. a chief az. over all a lion ramp. gn.

OF SEVERAL EMINENT CORNISH FAMILIES.

221

b

1

John, only son, officer Dragoon Guards, mar. Teresa, dan. of George Fieschi Heneage, son of Georfje Heueape by Catherine, eldest daughter of the Eight Hon. Koliert-James Stli Lord Petre.

T

I

(3) James, o. s. p.

(4) William, o. s. p.

Loveiiay, Mary, eldest child,=pRev. Richard Hennah, M.A., Vicar of St. Austell,

liorn 17-13, mar. 1704, ob. 1811.

Rector of St. Michael Penkevil, Chaplain to Viscount Falmouth ; bora 1733, ob. ISlo.

Anna Hennah,=^James Andrew Dorcas Carveth, born=pOctavius Temple, Capt.

bo. 1772, mar. 1799, ob. 1812.

Carveth, liom 1775,0b. 1812.

I

1786, mar. 1805 at Probus, ob. 1866 in Rugby.

3Sth Rcgt. after Major and Governor of SieiTa Leone, where he died.

Catherine.^J.E.Blackmore. Rev. Richard Car- veth, of Elmore Court, CO. Gloster. Issue.

-r

-\

John Mills Carkeet, bom 17 Uct.=pMary Carveth, born Aug. 1799; Richard Carveth, 1797-S, at Mevagizzy; ob. 22 I mar. 7 May, 1827, at St. Austell; living at St. Aus- Aug. 18G7, in Plymouth. | ob. 12 Nov. 1862, in Phinouth. tell 1870. BornB

I Hec.ltiol.inaL-.aSScVt.lSo;'

Julia Jth Jau.ot' Hein-,\- Honnali ai Blackheatk; liorn I.iApi' ISll .died. C0AugM85t>. — —

Edward Blackmore of Greenock.

r

Frederick Temple, D.D., Bishop of Exeter.

John, Colonel Indian Army.

Other issue.

Thomas Henry Hennah^Lucy Clara Willsher, 3rd dau. of George of Brighton, son and Harrison Rogers-Hai-risou.WindsorHerald, heir, born 1836. | born IS

, , — L

~~n —

.A nil it

1.0 18-t^

1838, mar. 1858, living 1870.

Jiill:i.l) 1S43. mar. lS6a . Tred' riercv- Sui'g-R-.V

l^chai'd .

bo 1S45, ob. 1S65.

bo IS+8 Haynes m.i»74. N.L*R.N.

Ilenrv Ilai-rison, bom 1859.

Lucy Maude Har- rison, bom 1860.

Ethel Harrison, born 1862.

Mabel Harri- son, bo. 1863.

Mildred HaiTi- son', bom 1865.

r-

Samuel Harrison, born 1866.

Thomas Harrison,

bom 1867.

. Caeew Or, three lions passant sa. armed and langned gu.

brings in *i^(7: Step/wn... Per pale gu. and cnn. a saltier counterchanged.

*Courcy Ar. three eagles disp. gu. crowned or.

Tuitc Quarterly ar. and gu.

"Uydron Ai-. 3 adders enwrapped vert.

Mohun Or, a cross eng. sa.f

*Fleming? Vair, a chief chequcy or and gu.

*I}reirt:r Gu. two bends wavy or.

"BojiriUt: Sa. six mullets arg. 3, 2, 1, pierced gu.

FiTZ IvE Gu. a bend between six fusils or.

Petit Ar. a lion ramp. gu.

8. 9, 10. YoEKE Alt. a chev. between three doe's heads erased or.

11. DOWRISH Ar. a bend cotiscd within a bordure eng. sa. and a laliel az.

12. Tresahar Az. a chev. between 3 talliots coucbant vel curreutes sinister, regardant ar.

13. ScOBKLL Per pale ar. and gu. three fleurs-de-lis and a label counterchanged.

14. Hawkins Ar. ujion a saltier sa. live fleurs-de-lis of the field.

15. IlENNAn Ar. 3 choughs sa. upon a chief az., a naval crown between two crosses pattie.

* On the Carcw Tomb, Exeter Cathedral,

•f Also Mohun's second coat, Gu. a niaunch erm. hand pr. holding a fleur-de-lis or

3l

222

WALLIS.

The family of Wallis claims a bi'ief notice at our hands. John Wallis, gent, attorney-at-law and deputy recorder of the borough, exercised a considerable influence therein for many years. He was the youngest son of Mr. Nicholas "Wallis of Maddern by Miss Hoskyn, said to have been a lady of good family,* and settled in Bodmin about 1783. His eldest brother, Chris- topher, was also an attorney practising at Helston, and was concerned in the sale of all Lord Arundell's lands in the county of Cornwall. He amassed considerable wealth, and, having pur- chased Trevarno in Sithney, died in 1826. His only child and heiress, Philippa, married Joseph Lamb Popham, Captain E.N., younger brother of Admiral Sir Home Popham, K.B., and is now repi-esented by her son Cliristopher Wallis Popham of Trevarno, Esq. Mr. Wallis's second brother Tliomas was collector of customs at St. Ives.

Upon the death of Mr. George Browne, attorney-at-law, Mr. John Wallis succeeded to his business at Bodmin. He was an enterprising and speculative man, and upon the sale of the Morshead estates in 1808 he purchased several manoi's, which he retained until near his death, regularly holding the manor courts, which have since been discontinued. He married Isabella Mary, daughter of Henry Slogget, R.N. by Isabella Mary, one of the sisters and coheirs of John Samuel Silly, Esq. the last of that name, and had a large family, the most remai'kable of whom was the late Eev. John Wallis, vicar of Bodmin, to whom allusion has been frequently made in this work. The family is now represented in Bodmin by J. Preston Wallis, gent, attorney- at-law.

It is stated by tlic late Rev. John Wallis, in a letter to Mi-. Lysons dated in 1813,* that his family was not in any way connected with the family of Wallis of Fentonwoon near Camelford.

GATTY.

We find tlie name of John Gatty among the contributors to the funds for rebuilding Bodmin Church in 1470, from which date we do not trace the name of Gatty in Bodmin until the 18th century. In 1717 is recorded the marriage of Robert Gatty and Elizabeth Bond. It was a son of this marriage, Joseph Gatty, who, about 17,50, became governor of the debtors' prison at Bodmin. He was twice married, first, to Johanna, daughter of John Beard of Bodmin, by whom he had three cliildren : William ; Elizabeth, who married James Every ; and Johanna. Secondly, he married Jane daughter of Mr. Thomas Hawken, by whom, as well as other children, he had two sons, Robert and Thomas. Tlie latter was apjwinted- one of the capital burgesses under the charter of 38 Geo. III. and his descendants still possess property in Bodmin.

About 1780 William Gatty and Robert Gatty, sons of Joseph, after receiving their education in the Grammar School at Bodmin, left their native town and settled in London. William

* Additional MSS. '.IlKJ, ff. 213, 224.

FAMILY HISTOUT — BUOWNE. 223

became attaclied to tlie Court of Exchequer, and died in 1820, aged 72 years ; whilst his brother Eobert, after a long practice as a solicitor in the city of London, died in 1837, aged 77 year.s. Both these brothers had several children, and it has happened that the youngest, in each case, has attained the greatest social prominence.

George Gatty, Esq. the youngest son of William Gatty, was for some years one of the Taxing Masters in Chancery. He became the possessor of Felbridgo Park, near East Grinstead ; served the office of high sheriff for the county of Sussex in 1861, and died 19th May, 1864, leaving a widow and only son, Charles Henry Gatty, of Felbridge Park, Esq. M.A. who is in the commission of the peace for the county of Sussex.

The liev. Alfred Gatty, D.D. \icar of Ecclcsfield and sub-dean of York, is the youngest of Robert Gatty's children. He married Margaret, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Scott, well known as Lord Nelson's chaplain. Mrs. Gatty is a distinguished writer, especially for the yomig. Tlieir eldest son is the Rev. Reginald A. Gatty, LL.B., rector of Bradfield, eo. York.

BROWNE OF BODMIN AND TREWARDALE.

Tliis family has occupied a position of credit in the county for just three centuries, during two of which it has been located in Bhsland and Bodmin. The first member of it of whom we have certain record is Bennet Browne of Gwinear, whose son and heir Vernon was baptized there in 1610. This Vernon, who is believed to have been an attorney-at-law, resided sometime in Ladock,* ha\ing married Ann, daughter of Henry Bennallecke of that parish, gent., in 1632, by whom he had tliree sons, William, Vernon, and Michael. William, the eldest son, married Honour, daughter of George Spry of BHsland, Esq., and was residing in Blisland in 1671, when his father enfeoffed him, as his eldest son and heir,f in the manors of Denis Eia Porthia in St. Ives, Argansawth, Respletha, and Penzance, in the county of Cornwall. A few years afterwards he purchased Trewardale and settled there, adding to his property in that neighboui-hood Tre- genna, in Blisland, still called " Browne's Tregenua," Dunnaton, and Merrifield, in Temple, part of Penrose in St. Breward, and Trcmaddick and other lands in St. Neot. Hals, writing

of Blisland, says " Li this parish at ( ) dwelleth William Browne, gent, attorney-at-law,

who hath gott a considerable estate by the practice of his profession, who married [ ] Spry

of this parish ; his father [ ], his grandfather [ ] ; and giveth for

his arms J

William Browne (son of this William) had two sons, William and George. The former succeeding to a property involved by his father sold it in 1762 to William Mackworth Praed, of

• Bond in the possession of the Rev. C. M. Edward Collins of Trewardale (date 1G35).

f Deed dated 9 Jan. 1671, in the possession of the Uev. C. M. Edward Collins.

J This passage is not in Ilals, as printed by himself or by Davica Gilbert, but it is found in Ilals's original MSS. in the possession of H. S. Stokes, Esq. of Bodmin. These MSS. were, in 1790, in the custody of Mr. George Browne, from whom they passed to Dr. Whitakcr, by whose daughter, the widow of the late Dr. Taunton of Truro, they were beiiucathed to Mr. Stokes.

224 PARISH OF BODMIN.

Yarnacombe in Devon, Esq., who, twelve years afterwards, in 1764, resold Trewardale and Dunnaton to the younger brother, Mr. George Browne of Bodmin. William Browne married Elizabeth, daughter of Eobert Bullock of Bodmin, gent, and coheir of her brother Richard Bullock,* gent., and had a son William, who practised as a solicitor in London, and left a son, John Browne of Polwjm near Helston, who died in 1853, s. p. He had two sisters, Mary and Harriet- Matilda wife of Henry Clutterbuck, M.D. of Walbrook, London, his coheirs and representatives of the elder branch of the family of Browne.

Mr. George Browne settled at Bodmin in 1744, and practised as a solicitor and ])roctor. He assisted Mr. John Bennett, the deputy registrar of the Archdeaconry Court, in the conduct of his business, and, upon the resignation of that gentleman from age, Mr. Browne became deputy-registrar, and assisted in the removal of the court from Lostwithiel to Bodmin. f

Mr. Browne obtained a large practice at Bodmin, and amassed considerable property both

real and personal. He married Mary, daughter of Hamley of Bodmin, and left an only

daughter, Elizabeth, who married the Rev. John Basset Collins, rector of Camborne, by whom she had a numerous family. { Mr. Browne died in 1795, and, after making provision for his younger grandchildren, he bequeathed the bidk of his estate to his eldest grandson, George Francis Collins, on the condition of his assuming the name of Browne, which he did by royal licence, dated 24th Sept. 1799, § and is now represented by his son John Collins Bro^vne, of Crow's Nest, Virginstowe, near Launceston. Mr. Browne was buried in Bhsland church, according to the direction in his will, " in a waUed grave to be made as near to the remains of his father, mother, brother, and sister as conveniently may be." ||

Arms : Or, three garbs azure, as used by George Browne, about the middle of the last centmy. The seal to the bond of 1635, referred to above, bears an escutcheon charged with three (apparently) boats, and surmounted by the letters V. B.

• See pedigree of Bullock, ante.

+ See " Probate Court," aide.

% See pedigree of Collins, post.

§ See account of Trewardale in History of Blisland, p. 45.

II Ml-. Browne kept a diary from the time of his settlmg in Bodmin until his death, which contains notices of many facts and illustrations of the social habits of the period. Some portion of this is now in the possession of his descendant, the Rev. C. M. Edward Collins of Trewardale, and has been frequently cited in his work. According to tradition Com- modore Browne, who was second in command at Porto Bello, 21 Nov. 1739, was a member of this family. His connection with the Brownes of Blisland cannot be traced. He may however have been descended from Michael or Vernon Browne of Gwinear (see pedigree). The late Mrs. Collins, George Browne's daughter, always aiBrmed it as a fact, who probably heard it fi-om her father, who was lit rears of age when Porto Bello was taken and would have had good means of know- ing the truth. There are at Trewardale two old engrayings, dated 1740, of Admiral, afterwards Lord, Vernon, and Captain Browne, and also a medal struck to commemorate the Tictory. There is a picture of the commodore in the Greenwich Gallery, presented by his grandson E. Hawke Locker, Esq., formerly governor of the hospital. It is said' that the Spanish commander went to the ship of Commodore Browne to sxirrender his sword, and that that officer declined to receive it and sent the Spaniard on to the admii-al. The sword, however, is now in the possession of the commodore's descendant, Frederick Locker of 91 Victoria Street, Westminster, Esq.

' In an account of the pictures in the Greenwich gallery by Algernon son of E. H. Locker.

225

COLLINS.

The name of this family, written in various forms as Cowh'n, Coulin, Collings, Colyu, CoUyns, and Collins, is found in the earliest records relating to the county of Cornwall. A family of the name of Couling was resident in Bodmin in the 13th century. John Couling was burgess * in Parliament in 1294, being the first occasion on which burgesses were sent; and in 1312 we again find the name of John Coulynge as burgess, and WiUiam Coulyng as one of his manucaptors. In 1307 John CoUin was burgess in Parliament for Launceston, as was John Collings in 1338, and Thomas Colling in 1400.t We have before alluded to a family of Colyn which was seated at Boscarne, and afterwards became lords of the manor and advowson of HeUand, which family wil hereafter receive special notice in these pages. X We should also mention John Colyiis who was Vicar of Gwennap from 1404 to 1418, when he removed to Ludgvan, and Thomas Colyns, or, as Dr. Oliver writes his name, Collins, § the last Prior of Tywardreth. He was the son of John Colyns and Alice his wife, was born in 1462, ordained priest in 1486, and appointed Prior in 1507. He held the vicarage of Fowey, which about 1532 he resigned in favour of Henry Colyns, sup-

* See ante. List of Burgesses.

t There is a monument in L.aunceston church to Thomas Collins, gent, who married a daughter of S. Piper, gent, and died in 1614. The arms thereon are, A chevron guttue between three birds, resembling the coat now used by the Collins family except that the bii-ds appear to be cocks.

J Of this family was John Colyn, sheriff of Cornwall in 1388 and 1392.

§ The late Joseph Thomas TrefEry of Place, Fowey, esq. in a letter dated 4th February, 1844, addressed to the late Capt. Collins, and now at Trewardale, stated that he had the arms of Prior Colyns in his possession, and that, to the best of his belief, they were the same as those borne by the Collins family. It appears, however, from a note on a MS. in the British Museum that, in Mr. Blomfield's MS. book of heraldry called " The Book of Chevrons,'' the following arms were assigned to Prior Colvns : Azure, on a chevron between three bezants three Cornish choughs ; on a chief or, a griffin passant, party per pale gules and sable. (Addl. MS. 5827, 191.) What authority there was for this assignment we know not, and " The Book of Chevrons " is now lost.

Mr. Sniirkc, the learned Vice-Warden of the Stannaries, to whom Cornwall is greatly indebted for illustrations of the ancient historical documents of the county, has, however, brought to light a most curious and interesting personal seal of this Prior, which has been noticed by him in Dr. Oliver's Monasticon. (Addl. Supp. p. 5.) The seal is attached to a grant preserved in the Muniment Room at Wardour Castle. It is an antique intaglio representing in miniature the famoi^s group of the Laocoon. A very interesting paper on this gem by C. W. King, M.A. was published by the Royal Archaiological Institute in their Journal, vol. xxiv. 45, in which is given an engraving of the impression double the original size, and which, through the favour of the Institute, we are enabled to lay before our readers. Mr. King, who has long pursued the study of ancient glyptics, and is esteemed a very high anthority on the subject, con- siders thi.s gem to be of the best period of Greek art in this particular branch, and believes it to have been engraved two or three centuries before the Christian era. The intaglio differs in some of its details from the unirble group of the Laocoon,

which when disinterred in 1512 was in an imperfect state, and was restored by M. Angelo in oouforniity with his own conception of the missing parts, which this ancient intaglio, however, shows to have been incorrect. The acquisition of this gem for his private signet shows Prior Colyns to liave been u man of taste and refinement.

3 M

226 PARISH OF BODMIN.

posed by Oliver to have been his nephew. Prior Colyns surrendered the priory in 1536, and died in 1539.*

Contemporary with Henry above mentioned was Edward Collins, who was instituted to the Rectory of Hlogan in 1533, t from whom the family of which we now treat is descended in a direct line. We have, however, nothing beyond family tradition to connect him with the families alluded to above, or with the Prior. This family is remarkable for its attachment to, and close connection with, the church. Until the last generation, of those who have adopted a profession not one has entered any other than Holy Orders.

In succession to the above-mentioned Edward Collins several of his descendants were con- nected with Illogan. Richard Thomas, son of Edward, was instituted to the Rectory in 1559, Edward in 1600,| and John in 1632, who died in 1684, thus occupying that benefice for 151 years consecutively, except one break of twelve years imder an assignment made by Richard Collyns ; whilst Edward, son of Richard Thomas, and father of the last-mentioned Edward, who, although in Holy Orders was not Rector of Illogan, was buried there.

John ColHns, the last-mentioned Rector, was altogether the most interesting member of the Collins family. He previously held some other benefice, and obtained a special dispensation fi-om George Abbott, Archbishop of Canterbury, for induction into this Rectory. § He suifered for his faithfulness to the church, having been, in 1646, ejected from his benefice || and imprisoned by the rebels.lT Upon his release from imprisonment he practised medicine** at Falmouth until the restoration, when he was reinstated in his benefice. In 1664 he was instituted to the Rectory of Camborne, which he also held until his death in 1684.tt He married Ann daughter of Henry Bray of Treswithan, in Camborne, by whom he had two daughters, who both pre-deceased him. His wife survived him until 1697, and erected a monument to his memory, and that of his daughters, witliin the sanctuary walls. In his wiU, dated in 1683,JJ he toucliingly refers to his sufferings, expressing a " wish to be buried in the upper end of the north side of y<^ parish church, always living, and by God's grace hoping to die, in y"^ Cliristian religion as established in the Church of England, which doth necessarily imply loyalty to the crowne, for wliich I have been a confessor both in loss of my estate and imprisonment of my body." The monument is of coarse

* Monast. Exon. pp. 35, 45.

f Upon the presentation of Arthur Plantageuet, natimil son of Edw. IV. jure nxoris.

X " 1632. Obiit EJvardus Collins, hujus ecclesiiu rector an. 32, 15to die Juiiii, et sepnltns fuit in sepulcro patris sni ilie decimo octavo ejusdem." (Par. Keg.)

§ The dispensation is set out in the Parish Register, and shows that he succeeded his father in the rectory, and that he was inducted on the 7th August, 1632.

II See Walker's Stiffi'riiii/s of the Cleryy, p. 215.

^ These notes also occur: " In July 1646 I was sequestrated and silenced by the rebels," and again when he returned he records, " After fourteen years sequestration from July 1646 to June 1660."

** As late as 1863 there was preserved atTmthan a MS. Diary in which he had recorded his experience, the remedies employed, their failure or success, with the habitat of, and mode of preparing, the herbs used.

ft " 1681. Johannes Collins Reverendus, hujus ecdesia; rector, obiit 4'° die mensis Junii, et sepaltus fuit in sepulcro patris sui Edvitrdi 6"> die ejusdem mensis, et ajtatis sua; anno septuagesimo septimo."' (Par. Reg.)

IX Autograph will preserved at Exeter Registry.

FAMILY HISTORY — COLLINS.

227

free stone, and was discovered during the incumbency of the Rev. George Treweeke, plastered over, in the place indicated above. Sculptured on the stone are the figures of the deceased kneeling before a fald-stool, upon whicli lies an open book, and kneeling behind him his wife and two daughters. Above an escutcheon of arms, viz. : a chevron guttee between thi-ee birds (Collins) ; impahng tlu-ee trees, 2 and 1 (Bray), sm-mounted by an Esquire's helmet and a crest: a bird rising (see engraving below). Beneath an inscription which has been printed *

Edward, tJie elder brother of Dr. John Collins, settled at Redrath. He had two sons. Edward, the yomiger, took holy ordei's, and became rector of PhiUack and Gwithian. He married a niece of Jaspar, and granddaughter of Gregory, Phillipps, his two predecessors in the benefice, both of whom were ejected from their respective parishes during the interregnum,! and had several children, of whom John, the only son who arrived at man's estate, also took orders, and became vicar of Constantine. Ann, the eldest daughter of Edward Collins, married John Giddy, and became the grandmother of Davies Gilbert the historian of Cornwall, who was for many years one of the representatives in Parliament for the borough of Bodmin, and sometime President of the Royal Society.

John CoUins, tlie elder son, who succeeded to his father's and uncle's estates, lived for some time at Redruth ; then removed to Truro, where he married Mary, daughter of Andrew May, M.D.| Finally, Mr. Collins purchased Treworgan in St. Erme of John Polwhele, and there seated liimself. He was sheriff' of Cornwall in 1726, and died in 1732, leaving two sur- viving sons and a daughter, Mary, who married Thomas Polwhele of Polwhele, the grandfather of Richard Polwhele, another historian of Cornwall.

Edward, the elder son of John Collins, entered Queen's College, Oxford, in 1710, but quitted before he graduated to study law in the Temple ; preferring, however, the priesthood, he

• Hist. Cornw. vol. ii. ]). 225. This monument is re-crecte<l in tlic> new cluirili, liut the stone bearing the inscription has been detached from that above described.

t Walker's .Siiffrrhii/s, p. 327.

I Dr. May was ]ir(ibably related to John May, vicar of Newlyn, and Joseph May, vicar of St. Neot and St. Anstell, who were also ejected ^roni their benefices. (Walker's tiiifferingi, p. 305.)

228 PARISH OF BODMIX.

retm-ned and took his degree as B.C.L. in 1718, and, having been ordained, became, in 1722, \'icar of Breage with its chapelries of Germoe, Cury, and Gun-walloe, and in 1730 ^'iear of St. Erth, where he resided until his death in 1755. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Kendall of Peljn, clerk, canon of Exeter and ai'chdeacon of Totnes, by Jane, daughter of Thomas Cai-ew of HaiTobear, son of Sir Alexander Carew of Antony, Bart., grandson of Eichard Carew, author of tlie " Survey of Cornwall." Mr. Collins was a learned divine and scholar, and greatly assisted Dr. Borlase in his earlier researches for his Antiquities of Cornwall, assistance frankly acknowledged by Dr. Borlase himself, who says of Mr. Collins : " the above-named gentleman was generally the companion of all antiquarian inquiries, and his judicious decision was as frequently a check in some disquisitions as it was a leader to the author's single and more supei-fieial animadversion in other cases."* Ill health, however, and other avocations, prevented him from contintung his assistance. He left a son, John, and two daughters ; Elizabeth, who married Peter Tippet, and Jane, who died unmarried at Manaccan 1821, nearly 90 years of age.f John, his son, became vicar of Ledbury, co. Hereford, being the only instance of a member of the family having been beneficed out of Cornwall. He also distinguished himself as a man of letters on various occasions. J He married his first cousin, Mary, only daughter of Walter Kendall of Pelyn, by whom he had a son, Edward, and several daughters.

Edward Collins, son of John of Ledbury, graduated in the facultj^ of medicine. He practised first at Chichester, and afterwards romo\ed to Exeter, and was one of the founders of the Literary Listitution of that city. Dr. Collins died at the residence of his brother-in-law, the Rev. E. Tippet, at St. Erme, in 1831, s. p. and thus tliis branch became extinct in the male line.

John Collins, second son of John Colhns of Treworgan, was also of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1725, took holy orders, and became rector of Redruth in 1734, on the presentation of John Pendarves Basset, Esq. He was thrice married : first, to Mary, eldest daughter of Francis Basset of Tehidy, Esq. (whose second son Francis Basset by Margaret, daughter of Sir John St. Aubyn of Clowance, was the father of Francis Lord de Dunstanville,) by Mai-gai-et, only child of Jolm Pendarves, rector of Drewsteington, Devon, and sole heir of her imcle Alexander Pendarves of Rosccrow, and had by her one son, John Basset : secondly, Constance, daughter of Paul Michell of Redruth, by whom also he had one son, Edward : and, tliirdly, Ann, daughter

of Williams of Penzance. During his incumbency of the rectory of Redruth in 1768

he rebuilt the church,§ and subsequently removed to Penhellick, near Truro. |1

• 'Nichols' Lit. Anecdotes, Yo\. V. 294; see also Polwhele's Biog. Sketches, 69, 71; Davies Gilbert's Hist. Cornrv. vol. i. 353 et seq.; and Gent. Mag. Sept. 1821. ~~'

t A memoir of this lady appeared in the Gent. Mag. for September 1821, in which year she died at Manaccan vicarage, the residence of her nephew the Rev. Edward Tippet.

% He edited a posthumous edition of Capel's Shakespear with preface, and assisted Whitaker in preparing Tonkin's notes for the press. See also many of his letters in Polwhele's Traditions and Nichols's Memoir of his friend Judge Hnrdlnge.

§ Mr. Collins is thus noticed by Mr. Wesley in his Diary under the date of 11th August, 1750, at Redruth : " Mr. Col- lins preached an exceeding useful sermon at church upon the General Judgment;" and again, September 14, 1755, " Jlr. Collins read prayers admirably well and preached an excellent sermon on ' Christ also suffered, leaving us an ensamplc.' "

II Davies GUbcrt, Hist. CcrnK. vol. i. p. 208.

FAMILY HISTORY — COLLINS. 229

Edward, son of John Collins of Redruth by his second marriage, founded the family of Collins of Truthan, in St. Erme. Ho was Sheriff of Cornwall in 1801, as was his son, of the same name, in 1830. The latter entered St. John's College, Cambridge, from Eton, in 1801, and graduated B.A. in 180(). He married Elizabeth daughter of Francis Drake, Minister Plenipo- tentiary at Munich, and died in 185.5, leaving three sons — Edward, educated at Eton and St. John's College, Cambridge, who succeeded his father at Truthan and Newton Ferrars ; Charles, educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford, who was killed on the 18th March 1869, by a fall from his horse in South America, leaving no issue ; and Digby, educated at Eton and Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

By his third marriage Mr. Collins of Redruth had two sons; Jeremiah, who in 1812 was curate of Ladoek, afterwards Perpetual Curate of Cornelly,* and Charles, both of whom died without issue, and also a daughter Ann, who died unmarried.

John Basset Collins, son and heir of John, Rector of Redruth, was educated at Eton, entereil Queen's College, Oxford, in 1762, and proceeded B.C.L. in 1769. He gained the prize for a Latin jioem, which was recited in the theatre, f one of the earliest, if not the earliest, of the Chancellor's Prizes. J He was instituted into the Rectory of Camborne upon the presentation of the guardians of his first cousin, Francis Basset, afterwards Lord de Dunstanville, in 1771. He married first, 2nd March 1772, his first cousin Catherine, second daughter of John Enys of Enys, by Lucy, second daughter of Francis Basset of Tehidy, who, dying in childbed the same j^ear, he married, secondly, 13th June 1774, Elizabeth,- only daughter and heir of George Browne of Bodmin and Trewardale. He resided at Nans in lilogan, serving that parish as curate, and afterwards at Glynn. Whilst at the latter place he was appointed Perpetual Cm-ate of Temple. He died at Glynn in 1790, leaving a large family.

George Francis, his son and heir, inherited his father's estates, and also, by demise, the greater part of those of his maternal grandfather, in compliance with whose will he assumed the surname of Browne instead of that of Collins. He was sometime a major in the Roseland militia. Having joined with Mr. Glynn, Mr. Pendarves, afterwards M.P. for the county, and others in establishing the " North Cornwall Bank," its failure led to the alienation of the greater part of his estates, as it did to those of Mr. Glynn, though some portion of Mr. Browne's estates is still held by his daughter, Lucy, widow of Henry Hawkes, together with other lands demised by her husband. Mr. Browne resided at Tredidon, near Launceston, and afterwards at Woodlcy, which he built on his manor of Hornacott. He died in London, and was buried at Poundstock, where he also had a residence on his manor of Penhallyn, and is represented by his son, John Collhis Browne.

* This geiitlciuiiu was the first in the county who set down his name as a subscriber to Lysons's JJistory of C'oi-nicull, and he contributed the account of Ladoek for that work. Addl. MS. 9420, fo. 1, and 9416, fo. 340.

+ Polwliele's Tniditions, vol. i. p, 68, where an extract is given.

X Prizes for Latin poems were first instituted (in what exact year is not recorded) during tlie cliaiiccllorsliiii of Karl Lichfield between 1762 and 1772; the earliest preserved dating 1768. Mr. Collins continued occasionally to write Latin verse down to the time of his death, some of which are still preserved at Trewardale.

The inseription on liis first wife's monument at Illogan is from his own pen. (Polwhele's Tmditiuiis. vol. i. 6'J, 197.)

3n

230 PARISH OF BODMIN.

John Collins, second son, obtained the appointment of Resident at Salem, in India, and died at Madras in 1711, s.p.

Edward, third son, entered the navy in 1794, and served with some distinction.* He mar- ried Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas Carlyon of Tregrehan, and eventually settled at Trewardale, where he died in 1850, s.p. He was in the commission of the peace, and a deputy-lieutenant for the county.

William, fourth son, entered the army, and, serving as a lieutenant in the 49th regiment in Canada, lost an eye from frost whilst on outpost duty. He was, consequently, obliged to retire from active service, and, purchasing Great Lank, the old seat of the BiUings in St. Breward, settled there. He was killed in 18G0 by the fall of a tree, leaving one son, William, and two daughters.

Basset, fifth son, entered the army, and served during the Peninsular Campaign as a Cap- tain in the 74th Highlanders in " Picton's fighting Division." He was severely wounded in the storming of Ciudad Rodrigo on the night of 19 Jan. 1812, f and fell in the " heroic assault" J on La Picurina fort, the key of Badajoz, on the night attack under " the intrepid Shaw," 25 March 1812.

Thurstan, the sixth son, was admitted an attorney-at-law, and practised first at Bodmin and afterwards at St. Columh, at both of which places he was much respected in his profession. He married Caroline, daughter of Peter Goodman Glubb, by Jane eldest daughter of Philip Matthew of Chudleigh and sister of the Rev. Charles Matthew, Vicar of Maldon, Essex.

Vernon, the youngest son, at first entered the army and served in the 74tli Highlanders in

* Edward Collins entered as a midshipman on board the Ganges on 16th March, 1794, and was shortly afterwards wounded while assisting at the captoi'e of the French ship, " Le Jacobin." He served in various ships both at home and on foreign stations until 1800, when he was appointed lieutenant in the "Concorde" frigate under Captain Burton, which engaged and compelled to surrender a French fi-igate. He was flag-lieutenant to Admirals Su- Thomas Graves, Sir Edward Buller, and Su- C. V. Pem-ose, from 1805 to 1813. He had command of the "Martial" sloop from 23rd Febmarj-, 1814, until sent home with despatches in that year. He is thus mentioned by Admiral Penrose in his despatch to Lord Keith on 25th February, 1814: " I had also despatched my flag-lieutenant (Collins) to endeavour to land and walk to the army at the entrance of the Adour, and this he effected with great risk and difficulty." His services in connection with the passage of the Adour are thus reported by Capt. O'Reilly, " I must now call your attention to the exemplary conduct of Lieut. Collins of the ' Porcupine,' who had the whole management of moving the bridge-boats, and to whose skill and cnei"gy the army is entirely indebted for the state of forwardness in which the bridge is at this moment; " the diflicnlties are then described. Lieut. Collins' services on this occasion were also reported to Lord Keith by Sir C. Penrose, and acknowledged by Lord Wellington in a despatch dated St. Sever, March 1, 1814, to Sir C. V. Penrose, and again to Earl Bathurst on the same date: " The vessels destined to form the bridge (i.e. on the Adoui-) could not get in until the 24th, when the difficult, and at this season of the year dangerous, operation of bringing them in was effected with a degree of

gallantry and skill seldom equalled. Sir J. Hope particularly mentions Capt. O'Reilly and Lieut. Collins." In

the instructions given to Lieut. Collins on his appointment to the " Martial " Sir Charles Penrose writes : " Whereas there is at present no vessel of war on the station fi-om hence (Passages) to the Adour, and as from the zeal and judgment so particularly shown by you in the late transations in and off that river, I have the greatest reliance on your conducting that diflicult duty with all possible advantage to His Majesty's service, you are, &c. &c." (Original Instructions at Trewardale.)

t See Wellington's dispatches dated respectively Gallegos 20th January, 1812, and Badajos 27th March, 1812.

J Napier, vol. iv. p. 107.

FAMILY HISTORY — COLLIKS. 231

the Peninsula, where lie was slightly wounded. He afterwards went to Exeter College, Oxford, but shortly after, in 1813, migrated to Sidney Sussex, Camb., and took LL.B. in 1818. He was afterwards admitted to Holy Orders, but was never beneficed. He married Harriet daughter of H. Eawiings of Padstow, by whom he had one son, Edward. He died in 1848, and his son in 1850.

Of the present generation most members of the family have adopted the law as a profession. John Basset Collins, eldest son of Thurstan Collins, succeeded to his father's business as a solicitor at Bodmin, and holds the appointments of Clerk of the Lieutenancy of the County and Registrar of the Court of the Archdeaconry ; whilst George Browne, tlie fourth son, succeeded his father at St. Columb. Thurstan, the third son, was in the Ordnance Department, and served in the Crimean War as Assistant-Commissary of the Field Train of the Artillery, with the local rank of Captain. He died in Jersey, Nov. 25, 1869. Charles Matthew is the only member of the family now in Holy Orders, though Edward Vernon, second son of John Basset Collins of Bodmin, Acland Exhibitioner, Exeter School, is studying at Exeter College, Oxford, with the intention of being ordained. The Rev. C. M. Collins, also of the same college, 2nd cl. Lit. Hum.* B.A. 1836, M.A. 1839, succeeded his uncle by bequest, at Trewardale in 1850, and in com- pliance Avith his wiU assumed the additional name of Edward before that of Collins. He married his first cousin Lucy, third daughter of Captain Prynue, R.N.,t and has issue one son, Edward Charles, born 9th December, 185G. Mi-. Collins is in the commission of the peace for the comity.

Ai-nis :

According to Hals, as printed by Davies Gilbert J (it is not given in Hals' own printed work), § " John Collins of Treworgan giveth for his arms. Sable, a chevron goute of blood argent between three Cornish choughs proper." This would seem to be correct, as it agrees, with the exception of the goute of the chevron (which may have been assumed as a difference) with the arms recorded to the name in the Heralds' College, The birds now borne are understood to be doves. The error, for such it is believed to be, has probably arisen fi-om the motto, " Volabo ut requiescam " being understood to apply to the birds on the escutcheon instead of to the crest, which is a dove rising proper.

• In this clas.s that year were the two present representatives in Parliament for the University: the Right Hon. J. R. Mowbray (then Cornish), and the Right Hon. Gathome Hardy; the Rev. F. W. Faber, founder of the Oratory of S.Philip Neri, Brompton, and the Rev. George Moyle of Bodmin.

t Capt. Prynnc gave early promise of great distinction in the navy, and had much active service. He landed in Egypt with the army nnder Sir Ralph Abercromby, and served with it until the capture of Grand Cairo, receiving from the Grand Signor a gold medal for his services. He was at Trafalgar, where he received two wounds. After his marriage he retired from active service.

t Hist, of Cornm. i. 396. § Hals' Ilisf. cf Cornn: p. 123.

232

PEDIGREE OF COLLINS AND BEOWNE

Collins, cir. 1480.=f ' .-I

Edward Collins, Clerk, Rector of^- ■ Illogan. Inst. 1.5 June. 153.S. |

1 1

Richard Thomas Collins, Clerk,=p-' Rector of nioiian. Inst. 13 Mar. I 1558-9; biu-. L'3 March, 1587.* |

1 '

Edward Collins, Clerk; bnried=p' 18 Jnue, 1605.* I

Edward Collins, Clerk, Rector of: Illoo-an. Inst. 101)0; Inu". 1 S Jime, l();iL', in sepnlcro patris sui.*

Edward=FGrace,

Collins of Re- tlruth.

dau.

of

Cooke. Will dated 15 Nov. 1675. ProT. in Archd. Court of Corn- wall.

Jane, mar. Fran- cis

Heai'le, Rector of St. Erme.

John Collins,: Oerk, D.D., Rector of nio- gan. Inst. 7 Aug. 1632 ; depriv. July, 1646; restored Juue, 1660: bm-. 1684 in sepulcro pa- tris sni Ed- vardi. M. I.

Edward Collins, Clerk.=pAnna,

T'

^Vnn,da.

of Hen.

Bray of

Tre-

swith-

an ; died

1700.

Adni.

granted

to her

brother

Arthur

Brav.

Ent. King's Coll. Camb. 8 July, "1680; migrat. to Pemb. 25 Jan. 1683, B.A. 1683, M.A. 1687. Inst, to rectory of Phil- lack and Gwithian 1690.

-r

dau. of

John

Phil-

lipps,

23 Feb.

1690.

John Collins of Trewor- gan, in St. Ernie; She- riff of Cornwall 1726 : died 1732. Will proved Archd. Court of Corn- wall 30 Aug. 1733.

John Col- lins, mat. Pemb. Coll. Camb., 19 Dec. 1713, B.A. 1717, M.A. 1721; ordained 2 1 Sept. 1719. Inst. Vicar of Constan- tine 1734; ob. s. p.

I

:Mai-y, dau. of Andrew May of Tru- ro, il.D., by Grace, dau. of JohnEuys of Enys.

MaiT,

bom

16G8;

bui-.

1683.*

Anne,	Jane.	Jo-	Mary, mar.	Edward Col-=f
bapt.	mar.	han-	Richard	lins. Clerk.
31 Aug.	1736	na,	Polwhele	Ent. Queen's
1699;	Wil-	mar.	of Pol-	Coll. Oxon,
mar.	liam	1739	whele,	1710; B.C.L.
John	Gid-	Wil-	and was	1718. Inst.
Giddy,	dy.	liam	grand-	Vicar of
grand-		Glo-	mother of	Breage with
father		ver,	Richard	Geimoe
of		Rec-	Polwhele.	Ciu-y and
Davies		tor of	Hist, of	Gunwalloe
Gilbert,		Phil-	Devon and	1722; Vicar
21 Sept.		lack.	Cornwall.	of St. Erth
1731.				1730; mar. 22 Jnlv, 1731; died 17.-..5.

^Elizabeth, dau. of Nicholas Kendall of Pe- IjTi, Clerk, Ca- non of Exon and Archd. of Tot- nes, by Jane, dau. of Thomas Carew of Har- robear, son of Sir Alex. Carew of Antony, Bt. ; born 19 Aug. 1701; died 30 Nov. 1749: bur. at Samt Erth. JI. I.

Constance, • dau. of Paul

Michell of Redruth: 2nd wife.

Anne,da.=T= of

Williams of Pen- zance; 3rd wife.

:Johu Collins,: Clerk, Rector of Redruth, 2nd son. Ent. Queen's Coll. Oxon 4 May, 1725 ; B.A. 1728, MA. 1731, Deac(m

1733, Prie.st

1734. Inst, to Rectory of Redruth 1734; died 1755.

Ann,

bora

1670;

bur.

1677.

:Maiy,

dau. of

Francis

Basset

of Tc-

Uidv;

1st'

wife;

died

1743.

M.I.*

John Collins.:^Marv, Jane, Eliza- ^Peter Jeremiah Cliarles

born 28 Sept. 1741; ed. at Eton; B.C.L. as Grand Compounder Queen's Coll. Oxon, 3 Mar. 1766: Vicar of Ledbury in CO. Hereford; d. at Penryn 20 Mar. 1797; bur.ll

only	bom
dau. of	16
Walter	May,
Ken-	1733;
dall of	died
Pelvn;	un-
mar.	mar.
1769:11	at
died 8	Man-
Nov.	accan
1781,	1821.
at. 36;
bur.ll

beth,

bom

17

July,

1737;

mar. 7

Sept.

1758:

died at

Bath.

Tip- pett. Collec- tor of Cus- toms at Truro ; mar. 7 Sept. 1758.

Collins Clerk, Scholar of Baliol Coll. Oxon, 1792; B.A. 1795; P.C. of Corn- nelly; died 1853 s. p.

Colhns, died s.p.; bur. at St. Erme.

Anne,

died

unmar.

Edward^ Collins of Tru- than, bom 21 April, 1747: Sheriff of Corn- wall 1801; died 15 Sept. 1827.

:Mai'y, dan. of Richard Thomas, and sole heir of her great uncle Richard Thomas of Tre- theake.

I

OF BODMIN AND TREWARDALE.

233

Bennett Browne of Gwinear,^- boni cir. 1580. I

Vernon Bnnnie of Gwinear,^Anne, dan. of Henry Bennallacke sometime of Ladock, gent., I of Ladock. married at Ladock, 20 son and hcii-, bapt. IGIO.J | April, 1632.

. , . 1 r- ,

Jane, Mary, bapt. bapt. 16104 1611.:

WiUiam= Browne, son and heir, bapt. 1644,t of Tre- wardale.

flouonr, dan. of George S])ry of Blisland, mar. 1679. See pedi- gree of Spry, History of Blisland, p. 73.

Vernon,

ba|>t.

IGIO.J

Michael,=Elizabeth, dau.

bapt. lG47.t

of This

tlethwaite, and reliet of Robert Robyns of Tre- wardale. See ped. of Robyns, History of Blis- land, p. 85; mar. at St. Tudy 7 July, 1687; "2nd wife.

Mary, Eliza- bapt. beth, 1619.t bapt. 1650.^

EUza- beth, bapt. 1653.

Grace,

bapt.

1680.t

Phi-

lippa, bapt. IGSl.f

Ann, bapt. 1683 ;t bur.

noo.t

Honour,

bapt.

1682.t

William Browne- of Bodmin and Trewardale, bapt. 1681;t bu. 1750.t

^Elizabeth, dau. of Robert BuUoek of Bodmin and coheir of her brother Ri- chard Bullock; m. 1713. See ped.of Bdllock, ante.

I Marj', bapt. 1723 ;t bur. 1732.t

George Browne^^Mary,

of Bodmin and Trewardale, § 2nd son ; bapt. 27 Jan. 17.;8;§ bur. 8 June, 17!1.-..t Will proved in I're- rog. Court, Canterbury, 13 Feb. 17'J6.

dau. of

Hamley of Bod- min; mar. IG Dec. 1754.§

William Browne- of Trewardale, son and heir; bapt. 4 Oct. 17I5.§ Settled in London as an attoniey; bur. 17G2.t

Catherine ,= dau. of John Enys of Enys by Mary, 2nd dau. of Francis Basset of Tcbidy; mar. 1772 and died 1772.=r Lucy, died in in- fancy.

=John Bassett= Collins, Clerk, son and heir; cd. at Eton and entered Queen's Coll. Oxon 1762; B.C.L. 1769. Inst. Rector of Caml)onie 1771; died 22 June, 1790; bur.t

Elizabeth, bom 1737; mar. Edward Hobl3Ti of Bodmin 29 Mar. 17C0.§

=Elizabeth, ilau. and heir; bapt. 30 Dec. 1755 ;§ mar. 1774 ;§ bur. 1837.t

William= Browne of Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, London, Solici- tor.

— r-

Eliza- beth, bapt. 1686;t bur. 1705.t

— I

Ver- non, bapt. 1687 ;t bur. 1707 1 v.p.

Mary,

bapt.

1688.t

George, bapt. 1690; t ob. v.p.

I

Mary,

bom

1741.

3o

234

PARISH OF BODMIN.

Edward Collins

bapt. at Led- bapt.

bury 25th Jan. 27

1779, Fell. Com- Jan.

moner of Pemb. 1772;

College, Camb.; died

M.B.1808.Prae- 4 Aug.

tised as a phy- 1847;

sician at Exon ; bur.|j died unmar. at St. Ewe 14 Aug. 1831.

Grace, Eliza-^Ed-

beth, bapt. 2 Oct. 1773.

ward

Pown-

all.

Har- riet, bapt. Sth Jan. 1775; died lith May, 1803; bur.ll

Char- lotte, bapt. 10th Nov. 1776: died 3 Mar. 1844: bnr.ll

Mar^- Anne, bapt. Led- bury, 3rd April, 1770.

=FEd- Cle- Edw;u-d Col- ward ment, lins, son and Tip- died heir, bom 7 pett, in in- Rec- fancy, tor of

St. Al- len.

Sept. 1782. Ed. Eton; matric. St. John's Coll. Camb.;B.A. 1800 ; She- riff of Corn- wall 1830; died 1855.

Elizabeth, 2nd dan. of Francis Drake, Mi- nist. Pleni- po. at Mu- nich,by Eli- zabeth,dau. of Sir Her- bert Mack- worth, Bart.

— I I Mary, died nn-

George Francis=pLucy, Collins, son and dan. heir, b. 21 April, of 1725 ; assumed the name of Browne under the will of his maternal grand- father ; died 1839; bur. at Ponndstock.

Meers;

1st wife.

.John Col- lins, bom 1778; died at

Ma- dras 7Feb. 1811 s.p.

Bastaid^John Edward^Caro- Edward Col-

Sau- marez Eliza- beth Collins, only dan.

Wil-	Tip-
liams	pett.
of	Clerk,
Pen-	Pet.
riTi,	Coll.
Soli-	Camb.
citor.	B.A.
	1834.

line, lins of Tru- da. of than, son and John heir; bom 2 Chil- Dec. 1833. cottof Ed. at Eton Tm- and St. John ro. Coll. Camb. ; unmar.

^

Charles Col- lins, bapt. 8 Mav. 1835. Ed." at Eton and Merton Coll. Oson;

mar

dau. of Eer.

Gee of

Paignton : died 18 Mar. 1869 s. p.

II I . .

Digby Col- John Col-=pGrace, Lucy, George.-pJane 'William^- lins, bom 7 linsBrowne Sept. 1836. of the

Ed. at Eton and TrinitT Hall.Camb. now of Lon- don.

" Crows' Nest," near Launces- ton, Attor- ney-at- Law.

William Cro- ker, died 1858 8. p.

dan. mar.

of Henry

Major Hawkes,

Croker Attor-

of ney-at-

TaTi- Law. stock.

George Francis Collins Browne, settled in New Zealand : eldest son.

Collins of Great Lanke, son and heir; bapt. 22 Not. 1807 ;t living 1870.

».<

dau. of

] Eliza- beth, bapt. 1809,t mar. Geo. Blew- et.

Adelaide, mar. James Deacon, and has issne a son.

I

PEDIGREE OF COLLINS AND BROWNE.

235

! i-

Edward Collins William^Cathc- of Trewardale, Collius born 1779, Com- of Groat

Bander R.N.; married Maiy, eldest dan. and colieir of Tho- mas Carlyou of Tregrehan ; d. 12 Jan. 1S50; bur.t

Lanke ; born 17S3; bur.

ISGO.t

rmc, dan. of

Cock.

—I

I Basset- born 1785; Capt. 74tli Foot: killed at Ba- dajoz s.p.

Thms-;

tan

Collins

of St.

Co-

Inmb.,

bom

17S7;

d. 28

Sept.

18(iO;

bur.t

^Caroline, dan. of Peter Goodman Glubb, liy Jane, dan. of Philip Mat- thew of Chudleijih; bom 1790; mar. 1813; died lSo3.t

I Vemon Col- lins, Clerk, born 1789; bapt.

1794 ;t of Sidney Sussex Coll. Camb. LL.B. 1818: died 1848.

^Harriet, Mary, Eliza- Lucy, dau. of born beth bom

Henry Raw- lings of Pad- stow.

22

Nov.

1776;

mar.

Geo.

John

Blew-

ett.

I

Fran- 1786; ces,bo. mar. 1781 ; Capt. mar. I'arkjm.s died Joseph Prynne. inf. Ham- ley of Bod-

I 1

Ca- Marv. the- rinc, bom 1782,

John	Har-
Browne	riet,
of Pol-	m. Dr.
■n-yn.	Henrv
near	Clnt-
Hel-	ter-
ston:	buck
died	of
1853	Lon-
s.p.	don:
	died
	1852.

_1_

JIary,

bajit'.

ISIl;

mar.

Lau- rence of Lis- kcard.

JohnBas-=

set Collins of Bod- min, born 17 Jan. 1814; son and heir, Solicitor, &e.

1

^Elizabeth Avis Charles Matthew^ Scobell, only Collins, elk. b. 5 surviving child Feb. 181."); B.A. of Rich. Cun- Exon Coll. Oxon, naek of Peu- 1836; M.A. 1839; Dea. and Priest 1840 ; took tlie additional name of Edward under the will of his uncle Capt. Ed- wiu'd Collins.

zance by Eliza- beth, liau. of Georire Pender Scobell, Rector of Sancreed ; bom 27 Feb. 1812; mar. 13 April, 1841.

Lney, dau. of Capt. Par- kyns

Thurs- ^Tr\-.

tan Col- lins of theOrd. Dept.;

Prynne, born

R.N.

12 Feb. 1816; died at Jersey 25 Nov. 18G9.

u

phosa,

dau. of

Earth.

Parker

of

Wink-

leigh,

CO.

Devon.

1 1 —

George i-Anna Caro-

Browne

Collins

of St.

Co.

lumb ;

born

23

Mav,

1817.

Eliza- Snsan, line beth, 2nd Glubb. mar. J.

dau. of Rev. Fran- cis Cole, Vicar of St. Issey.

thew

Gil- bert Chil- eott, Soli- citor, Truro.

Mary Jane Seli- Mat na, mar. John Luke Peter, Soli, eitor, Red- ruth.

— I Ann, mar. her first cousin Major Pi'jTine. R.M.L.I.

I

Ed- ward Col- lins, died 1850.

John Richard Collins, son and heir, bo. 13Nov. 1843,§ Attorney-at. Law: m. Jean, only child of John llichens of Bodmin.

Elizabeth

Melonic

Scobell,

born

29 June.

1845.5

Caro- line

Edward Bessie Vcmon, Con-

Ellen, boiTT born 25 Dec.

13

April, 1847.1

1849; § now of Exeter Coll. Oxon.

nock,

bom

4Jnnc,

1854.§

Har- riet Raw- lings, born 4 May, 1857.§

Edward

Charles

Edward

Collins,

onlv

child;

bom

9 Dec.

1856.t

I Try- phosa Parker, bom 12 April, 1853.

— 1

I Thurs. tan, bom 4 Dec. 1855.

— I

I Caro- line Glubb Ma- thew, born 26

Julv, 18C1.

I Annie Jane South - combe, born 6 July, 1 863.

Caro- Annie line Ber- Edith, tha, bom born 1852.f 1855.f

Thurs-

tan, born

1857.f

George Mary, Vemon, bom born 1865.f

1861.f

* At lUogan. t At Blisland.

t At Gwincar. § At Bodmin.

II At Lanlivcry. f At St. ColmnI).

236

POMEROY.

This family was settled at Fowey as merchants in the reign of Charles I. Hals speaks of Mr. Pomeroy as being, in his time, besides Mr. Treffry, one of the chief inhabitants of that town. They afterwards lived at Pinneck in the parish of Fowey, and appear to have become residents at Bodmin upon the marriage of John Pomeroy with Elizabeth daughter of John Pennington, Mayor of Bodmin in 1732. This marriage took place about 1750, and John Pomeroy became Mayor in 1766, and he again served the office in 1783. He died in 1799, leaving one son John Pomeroy, and two daughters, — Elizabeth wife of Hoblyn Peter of Percothan, and Sarah wife of WiUiam Hamley of Bodmin surgeon, to each of which daughters he made devises in his will. *

John, son of John Pomeroy, was baptized at Bodmin 15th January 1753.f In the lease of Bodmin Priory granted in 1766 | to his relative William Pennington he is named as one of the lives, and is described as being then twelve years of age. He matriculated at Oxford in 1771, and seven years afterwards was instituted to the Vicarage of Bodmin. In 1779 he married Margaret daughter of Robert Lydston Newcombe of Exeter, Esq.§ by whom he had an only child named Elizabeth Pennington, baptized at Bodmin 23rd October 1780, who, in 1803, || married William Tamlyn of New Court, co. Devon, gent. In 1784, Mr. Pomeroy, described as " John Pomeroy, junr. clerk," became the purchaser of " that newly erected dwelling house wherein Walker Hobbsj gent, deceased, heretofore lived." He appears to have been Mayor of Bodmin in 1803, and again in 1811. In 1809 he was instituted to the Rectory of Lesnewth, and on 17th August 1813 died suddenly whilst preparing to perform Divine Service in Bodmin Chm-ch in the presence of the Judges of Assise.

Arms. — No pedigree of this family was registered at the Heralds' Visitation of 1620. Tlie Author has in his collection many deeds, ranging from the early part of the seventeenth centmy to 1803, to Avhich members of the family were parties, but not one of them is executed with an armorial seal ; but on the monument of the Rev. John Pomeroy, vicar of Bodmin,1[ are di.splayed the ancient arms of Pomerai or Pomeroy : Or, a lion rampant within a bordm'e gules.

There have been from time to time resident in Bodmin members of several families of territorial distinction in other parishes within the Deanery of Trigg Minor — of these we may mention Hext and Hamley, notices of which will be given under St. Mabyu, Hoblyn under Egloshayle, and Opye under Holland.

* Proved in Archd. Court, 6 Dec. 1799. f Par. Registers.

t See ante. § Mar. settlement dated 27 January, 1779.

II Mar. settlement dated 23 May, 1803, in the Author's collection. ^ See Monuments, No. 22.

f

I

237 APPENDIX I.

Sir,— I !:cnt if a let' per last Wednesday's post, u''' / hope came to yo' hatid. In it I told you I would send you a pcqf of a late discovery of Witchcraft, which I noiv do. You shall hear again from me assonn as our Markets give me occasion. I hope you I not take this ill from your Inimhlc Servant,

Marrh 30, 1700. J- W.

I am of y' mindc that this may he no Witchcraft, hat then you must grant me that there arc (as the ancients say there were) nympths of y' ivoods, of «•''' we have heard but little this age, that has com to my knowledge, nor do I rememh' that Lock Marlhranch or any of our sergers after truth have serch y' woods or waters for these spectrums. But y' consideration of this Witchery Jias moved a Maggot in my Noddle to send you something in a little time that may occasion some one better qualified to consider further of it*

Mr. John Houghton,

Fellow of the Royal Society, At the Golden Fleece,

In Gracious Street, London.

A True and Impartial Account of the Dark and Hellisli Power of Witclicraft Lately exercised on the Body of the Eeverend Mr. Wood Minister of Bodmyn : In a letter fruni a Gentleman there, to his Friend in Ex'on, together \Yith A true Copy of a letter from Mr. Wood to his uncle in Exon, in confir- mation thereof. 8in, — I Received yours, &c. (Business, &c.) And now, Sir, I will entertain you with a slrangc Relation, and yet not stranger than true, concerning that dark and much talked of Power of Witchcraft (which my Landlord and your Friend Mr. Wood (now Minister of Bodmyn) hath lately lain under) ns I think this Age hath produced.

On Thursday the 18 January, about 0 at night, Mr. AVood gocth suddainly from tlie Itncjni we were in, and having wanted (sic) a considerable time, and l)eing looked for, his young Daughter came crying t(j me, That she heard her Father Groaning in the Closet ; ui)on which I took a candle, went in, and found liini on his Knees in the Dark, leaning on the Window, being Speechless ; with some help I lifted him up, but with such dreadful kind of Struglings as would afiighten one, still looking aliout and staring towards the Window (his Wife said she doubted he had seen an Apparition) ; from thence we removed him to his chamber, after which it was nigh half an Hour before he regained his Speech, and not his Reason in nigh double the time ; and then the first words were, Oh ! the Paper, the Paper, the Paper, Where was the Paper ? Look fur the Paper; in such Passion, as scarcely can be represented. I judged it to he the Conse- (juence of a strong Convulsive Fit that had affected his Brain; and yet I observed did talk in all other things * This letter is written in MS. on the printed copy, and is addressed as above.

3p

238 APPENDIX.

as sensibly as at other times: When I observed him restored to his Parts, I asked liini what he meant by tlie Paper; he told me many times, and affirming it, That a Man and a Woman on Horse-back had opened the Casement of the said Closet (which I found open, the window being low and nigh the way) and reached him a Paper in his Hand, tvhich he had missed, and thereon fell into this Disorder. And I must say, that I have a strong Notion, that when I came first to him in the Closet, I saw a Paper in his Hand, or rather as it were dropping from his Hand, I cannot be absolutely positive, being in such a Surprize, but it had that Impression and Assurance on me, that I spent next Day some time in looking for it among the scattered Papers in the Closet : I stayed with him that Night 'till he slept, which was about One of the Clock; the next day I spent with him, and found him the same Man as ever he had been, and we seriously discours'd the Matter over again. He positively insisted on what he had said Over-night ; and with all. told me it made him very thoughtful, and so I observed him to be : from which time, Mr. Wood hath been at Night in his Bed several times strangely disordered. And now, Sir, I shall come to convincing Demonstrations, that this was a real and no fancied Thing.

On Ash- Wednesday last in the Afternoon, about Two or Three of the Clock, Mr. Wood went to walk about some Ground he had, a mile distant from the Town, and in the first Field he met with two Men, and away travels with them, how, or where, he could not tell; but at length they came to a place where they passed through a Gate by a River into a Meadow, where on the side of the Hill adjoyning were Chark- Cole-Pits (I mention this because it exactly agrees with a Place called Ladi/ Vale, in a Dcsart kind of Bottom environ'd with Woods, about a miles distance from Mr. Wood's Ground). He having been wanting some considerable time from Ms House, and his Family under sad Apprehensions about him, sent the Town over to enquire after him ; and, it being now almost Nine of the Clock at Night, on suddain, in a most pre- posterous manner, he conies into his House all in a Sweat, runs np the Stairs, calls for a Candle and hurries himself into his Closet, being followed by his Family, where in the Window lay a single Paper, which he takes in his Hand.

For thus it happened, That being conducted to the aforesaid Place, he there met with a Company of Men and Women (at least in such Appearances) to the Number of about Twenty, as he conjectures ; and then after some time sat down, and he among them, round the Brink of a Chark Cole Pit : there goeth down to the Bottom of it a Man and two Women, who took forth a Paper Book and fell to Writing, the Women sitting a little behind each Shoulder of him. Mt. Wood remembers all the particulars, though under a heavy Calamity and Affliction of Mind, and still thinking on the Paper that was reached him into the Window of his Closet, and that he had it from the Man writing beneath. But on a suddain Heaven sends him Eelief, for chancing to cast his Eye about, he espyed a little Boy coming up the Hill, by whose Countenance as he came nigh him, he should have judged him to be about seven or eight Years of Age; and being espyed by this Hellish Cabal, they on a suddain all rose up (^and I irith them, says Mr. Wood) and remembers the Women below to jog the man on his Shoulders who was Writing, as if to hasten him away ; and accordingly all Three came to the Top of the Pit, and immediately making a confused Clutter- ing Noise, went down the Hill and disappeared.

Mr. Wood assures me. That at the first sight of the little Boy (though en^-ironed with those Hags) he found Relief and Ease of Mind ; who now being left alone, this blessed Child (for so I must call him, his Guardian- Angel no doubt on't) speaks to him in these Words.

Boy. — Wiat makes i/oii here ?

Mr. Wood. — Here I do stay for a Paper.

Boy. — Hasten you home, and in your Closet Windotv you ivilljind a Paper.

This was the whole Dialogue.

APPENDIX. 239

Mr. Wood saith, ho was Clad in CJray Apparel, anil RoundfaccJ ; immediately on tliis, Mr. Wood finds himself under a strong Impulse to go home, and goeth, or it least is carried, with great speed : and saith, That when he came to a Place called Cally-with-Cross ho knew where he was (whicli Place I men- tion, because I suppose you know it). And a Woman I were with this Day tells me, That, it being Moon- Light, she saw Mr. Wood running down the Hill towards his House, and that she spoke to him, but he made her no Reply.

Now we will return to the Import of the Paper which he found on his Return from the Cole-Pits in his Closet- Window : As soon as he took it in his Hand the Candle went out, and, his Wife being with liim, they carry it to the adjoining Room, where, besides his Family, were present, Mrs. Triggs, Mrs. Hobling, and Mrs. Tozer, who came to comfort Mrs. Wood in her Distress; in their Presence the Paper was opened, and Mr. Wood reads it, as they all did, several times, and exactly agree in the Repetition of the Words. As Mr. Wood read the first Part uf it he strikes his Breast, saying, 0 Lord.' ichat hast thou done to me ! The words of the Paper were these ;

The Paper which was reached thee in this place, was a Cursed Spell against thee ; It hath irronght hit slowly yet, being not closely fixed, hut now it is clapt on. thy Back nigh thy Skin ; from hence he aware, jor it will Work more Furiously ; Search narrowly for it, tear the Chain in three pieces. Commit it to the Flames, and this with it. Sit doivn and be well.

Schog Dyal.

As long as the Company were reading this Paper, Mr. Wood was on his Legs to be gone again, and much ado to keep him ; so they fell speedily to strip off his Clothes, but in his Coat nothing could be found ; then they puU'd off his Doublet, which as soon as done, Mr. Wood protests he found himself Com- forted, and in searching it, Mrs. Wood suddainly cries out. She felt a Paper, and to come at it, they cut through a Flannel and Canvas Lining, between which and the Cloth lay enclosed the Paper, on which was drawn a Chain, about a Quarter of a Yard in Length, with a circle at one End of it, wherein were written some strange Characters ; they forthwith Tare it (according to Direction) in three Pieces and Burn it with the other Paper ; upon which Mr. Wood immediately finds Tranquility of Mind, and every way well composed as ever, and so continues. Praised be God. Wliat I had like to have omitted. After they had burnt the Paper, the Uentlcwomcn took the Doublet to see whether there were any hole in it, but was .all whole, and the Stitches firm about the place that was opened : Mrs. Hobling tells me. That the Paper was written in a very small though legible Character.

And now. Sir, Can there be any excuse for the LTnbelieving Man in such Matters, if the pi-eparatory Part of which I were a sad Spectator cannot gain Belief ? with a Consideration of Mr. Wood's Prudence and Integrity, we have the whole Matter sensibly demonstrated.

His Condition since the first Surprize, his Absence on Ash-Wednesday, and Return under such Amazement ; his finding the Paper according to the Boy's Prediction in the Closet- Window, where was no such thing when he went away; and, according to what was hinted in the Paper, the Spell found in his Doublet, and on burning thereof, Mr. Wood perfectly restored ; all which being sensibly felt by this Reverend Person, and so plainly seen by such unquestionable Witnesses, must Conquer the most obstinate Licredulity.

I confess I must now condemn my own Fully, in having been so Diffident in Relations of this Rature; for among many I have enquired into in my time, I fancied they either proceeded from a distempered Con- stitution, or some subtle Wiles and Artifices from other Hands, or from Natural Causes ; but this astonisheth me.

Some Persons of Learning have been here already to Inform themselves herein; and iiarticularly

240 APPENDIX.

Sir. Humes of Milton, who discoursed Mr. Wool and my self both therein. The}' all agree as to the vera- city of the Thing, which is enough to convince any Atheist.

8ir, I have given you a true and exact Account, as if myself and the others were to confinn it by our Oaths; it being not nnlikely that the thing may come under a publick kind of Scruteny. I have presum'd to give you the Trouble and Charges of it ; supposing a Subject so extraordinaiy may recompense it.

I am, &c. Bodmj-n 25 Feb. Fran. Blight.*

A true Copy of Mr. Wood's Letter to his Uncle in Exox. Honoured Vncle,

I received yours last Saturday, and in compliance thereto send you this, viz. A true Copy of the Letter IMr. Blight sent Mr. O. I do not give you the Eelation as in mine own Person, not only because I am unaccustomed to write of my self, but also because Mr. Bliyht and others about me, in several Circum- stances, know more of the Matter than I do my self : I have added some few things which were omitted by Mr. Blight, wherein I were myself more sensible. And as you are the nearest Eelation I have in the City of Exoii, I do the more freely Unbosom my self unto you ; and therefore to the above written do add. That, notwithstanding all the Arguments I could use to my self, and that were urg'd on me by my Friends, the delivery of the Paper still pressed on my Thoughts, and possessed we with great Anxiety and Trouble of I\Iind. I several times privately prayed unto God to satisfy my disquieted Spirits, to ease and free me of this Perplexity ; and must to the Glory of God confess, that many times I felt some Relief for a short space thereby ; but still the Malady recurred to me, especially towards the Evenings, with such Pannick Fears, such dampness of Spirit, such Perplexity of Mind, as I am not able to express : And thus it con- tinued 'till Ash-Wednesday, when coming from Church, I sat down with my Family to a small Fish- Dinner, when my Wife speaking to me, her Words seemed to dance in my Ear, for that I had a confused Noise in my Head, which was as th.e Talking of many People together at a distance ; about an Hour after Dinner I walked away, and what followed after you have an Account of before.

I praise God for all his Mercies to me, especially this gracious Act of Providence, and trusting still in

his Protection from all the Powers of Darkness, am full of Comfort and Alacrity of Spu-it. And, desiring

vour Pravers, rest -i- m- . .r i xt i.

1 our Most respectiul Nephew

J. W.

The Characters that icere in the Paper, ly reason of the haste in burning it, I could not exactly marJ: ; but to the best of my App7-chension at present, there icas among them, an Hebrew Jod, Aleph, and Samech, or somewhat very much like them, but not in that Order, but mixed among the other Characters, ofiohich I have not the least Notion. Some that have been icith me have posed upon the Nanu Scliog Dyal, in the other Paper; and this tveel: an Ingenious Neighbour-Gentleman sent me this as in an Anagram: Hy is an old word to hasten away : g^j^^^ j^^^j

Hy God Calls.

fi ^

Exeter : Printed by Sam. Darker, and Sam. Farley, 1700.

■"17 [B. Museum. Press Mark TID-qtO

■" Notary Public— Mayor, 1675 and 1684.

241

APPENDIX II.

Assignment of Goods to the Church, preserved amongst the Bodmin Coiu'oration Records.

Endorsed I betweno N. Cory Mayor

\ Ric. Wat'. & T. Cole tanner

i Wardens Inv'nt' ornament'

\ Eccl'ie.

Thys Indentuer made at bodmynn the Sunday next after the ffeast of Seynt mygell the archangell ynn the eyglit yerc of the Raygne of our Soueraygne Lady Elyzabeth by the grace of god of Englond ffrancie & Irelond queue defender of tlie ffaythe &c. Betwyne Nycholas Cory mayor of the towne of bodniyn of thone party and Rychard Water & Thomas Cole tanner Wardens of the Churche of St. Petherick ynn bodmynn aforesayd of thothcr party Wyttenesscth that the sayd Rychard Water and Thomas Cole Wardens & ther successors Wardens hath taken & receved into ther handes & kepyng of the sayd Nycholas Coiy mayor and of all the hole paryshe aforesayd to be vsed & occupyed to the honer of god ynn the same churche from the day & yere aforesayd fourthward all suche goodes & ornamentes as folowth & hath taken vppon them for them and ther successors to yeld a true rekenyng of all the same goodes & ornamentes & delyvory therof to make withut deley to the sayd Nycholas Cory & his successors for the tyme beyng mayor and to all the hole paryshe of bodmynn aforesaid this tyme xii monethes that ys to wete fyrst ffive belles with one wieh seruyth for y'' clock to be rung dayly at ffower of the clock ynn the mornyng & at eyght ynn the evynyng a warning bell for printyscs & others. Item one vestment of grene satyn of bryddes. Item one hole sute of blew velut decon subdecon & pistholere, a pere of vest- mentcs of whyte damaske one cope of red satyn of bryddes. Item a vestment of blue velut one whyte cope of satyn. Item one whyte vestment of satyn & more toe copes vsed on good fryday & a obe of sylck. Item

one crosse baner of grene sylck. Item one frunt of yelo grene satyn of bryddes toe cortens

wherof one of sylck a nother frunt of Arres a nother frunt of sey & a curtens of the same. Item

cusshyn of velut for the commuyon tabell and a cnsshyng of sylcke for Mr. Mayor ys chero & a cloth of choker work for Mr. Mayor ys chore a shype of tyn viij perc of surpelcs with one new for Mr. Vycar

iiij'"' rachetcs a bybell & of Erasmus ij pere of candelstyckes a bason of laten a lampe before

the bye autor one corporal of red velut & a nother of green a corpus cloth one dex cloth toe stoles

for sett at the coninnion tabell a herse cloth of velut and a nother of black bocorom scncer of

latton toe lent clothes for y' commyon tabell ij polys one of brasso & a nother of yron ij newe vant clothes * a sacryng bell a cruat iij Jesus cotes ij red wosterd & one of red bocrom iij tormenttowers cotes of satyn of bryddes of yolo and blue . . . . ij cappes of sylck toe develes cotes wherof one ys newef a.croune of

black a nothet for ... a ell of a cross . & a nold crosse . . one comonyn cup of sylver & one

other gylt w"^"" hery Cock vsed at weddyngcs andry & toe clottes of led. la es

herof the partes to thes present Indentuer intcrchayngabelly have putte soles ye day & yerc

above w

[At the foot of the foregoing, in paler ink, appear other entries which have become illegible from age and decay.] * " and a nokl," cancelled. f " toe sandycrs cotes of wliytc." cancelled.

3q

242

ADDENDA ET CORKIGENDA.

Page 1, line 6 — For "24 perches" read " 14 perches." Page 2, line 20.— For " 1575 " read " 1577."

„ 31.— For " 763 feet" read " 515 feet;" and line 32, for " 515 feet " read " 248 feet." Page 4, line 2. — For "fit for the travelling" read "fit for travelling."

Page 10. — Lady Huntimjdon^s Meeting House. The erection of this building has now been commenced Page 12, line 17, inscription. — After " Indus " insert " at Attock." Page 18, Cross No. 11. — There has lately been observed a stone which appears to have formed the base of

this cross. It is semi-octagonal, forming half the base, and has a portion of the square socket in what

would have been the centre of the complete base. It is of the same material as the shaft, and now

forms the door-step of a house in Bore Street. Page 19, line 10.— For " 1325 " read " 1395." Page 35, line 26. — For " so that prior" read " so that the prior." Page 45, line 10. — Proprietors in 1868. For " Penny " read " William Penny." In consecpience

of the displacement of the type on finally going to press the names of all the proprietors following that

of Charles Serjeant, Esq. are incorrect in position and should be raised one line. Page 46. — Tithe of Wool. A lease of the tithe of wool in Bodmin was granted by the Crown to Thomas

Opye for a term of 99 years, 15 June, 30 Eliz. (Crown Lands Inrolment Office.) Page 48. — Institution of John Saunders, Vicar, for "23 June, 1612," read " 15 Nov. 1613."

„ Second line "of notes.— For " 156 " read " 1560," Page 50, line 14 — For " not long since " read " not long sins." Page 54, last line of note. — First word of line the letter R dropped out in printing. Page 56, line 20. — For "tinkling" read " ting-tang."

Page 62, Monument No. 17. — For "vmib: spe" read " vmib: spc " (spiritus). Page 64, Monument No. 23. — For " God in Love " read " God is Love." Page 68, Monument No. 26.— The arms of Achym, as recognised by the Heralds' College, are: Ar. a

maunche irithin an orle of eight cinque foils gu. Page 77, Monument No. 90.— For " R. N." read "R. M." (Royal Marines). Page 78. — Seven early coffin-lids exist in different parts of the town:

1. One ornamented with a cross flory, which was formerly used as a hearthstone, now serves as a

door-step to a house at the back of Union Street, formerly Prison Lane.

2. Part of a coffin-lid displaying the shaft of a cross and lower foil of the head is built into the front

wall of a house in Pool Street. On the margin is a legend in Lombardic capitals, the words, no longer decijiherable, being divided by dots in threes, indicating that the slab dates from about the 13th century.

3. In the churchyard is a broken slab of the same date, cut away on one side. It is oraamented

with a cross flory, and on the champhered edges, in Lombardic capitals, are the following

remains of the inscription: .... t ... ici dev : db sa alme eit : me (iS«e Engraving,

page 344.) This stone is said to have been brought from Brewery Lane.

4. Another slab dug up at "the Bery," and now also in the churchyard. It is pointed at both ends,

and has on it a cross flory.

5. A coffin-lid, also of early date, is now much injured by decay. The remains of a cross flory are

traceable on it.

6. This is similar to the last, except that the cross is ringed at the intersection.

The two last were dug np at the bottom of " Mount Folly" steps from forty to fifty years ago.

7. This is much smaller than the others and appears to have covered the remains of a child. It has

no cross or other sculpture on it, and the edges are finished with a plain cavetto.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

243

Page 83, third line from liottom. — A word "the" after "yn" is accidentally omitted, the note f "sic" therefore does not apply as the passage now stands. Perhaps the word "hurto" maybe read "hurte."

Page 91, line 14. — William Vi/fyan. A lease of five closes of land in Bodmin was granted to William Vivian by Thomas Vivian, Piior, and the convent of Bodmin for the term of eighty years, dated 20 Dec. 19 Hen. viij. (Crown Lands Inrol. Office.) This seems to confirm the conjecture expressed on page 207 that William Vyvyan of Trehunsey and the Prior were of the same family.

Page 9f), last word. — For " Pontpoy " read " Penpoy," as on the seal, page 97.

Page 101, lines 6, 7 — The ancient burial-ground at the Berry was used as a meadow until about 1840, when, the churchyard being crowded, interments were made there. The churchyard was closed against interments on 1 April, 1800, and the small yard at the Berry being also by this time filled, it was closed on 28 Nov. in the same year and new ground purchased and added to it.

Page 101, line 11 from bottom — " Scliool fell into abeyance." This would seem to require correction. There is no trace of the payment of the stipend, but the school would appear to have been kept open from the accession of Queen Elizabeth by John Jackson. See page 102.

Page 102, line 5 from bottom. — It is stated in IMr. Browne's diary that the last time the Archdeacon's Court was held at St. Neot was on the 3rd Nov. 1746.

Page 102, last line of note.— For " Colins" read "Collins."

Page 103. — Archdeacon' s Court — Registrars. The family of Silly would appear to have had some vested interest in the Registrarship in the seventeenth century. John .Silly of Trevelver, in his will, dated 6th March, 1671, and proved 22ud April, 1672, among other bequests gives to his sons John and Marke £900 apiece, to be paid on their attaining respectively the age of twenty-one years; his son John, on attaining that aeje, to relieve testator's creditors of a bond for £250, entered into bij testator trith Mr. John Anstis on condition that his said son John shoidd not molest him in the office if Eeijistrar of the Arclidcacimrij of Cornirall durimj the life of the said John Anstis. It is probable that John Anstis, who became Garter King of Arms, succeeded his father as Registrar, and that Henry Bennett, who was Deputy Registrar in 1733, and who married Mary daiighter of the said John Anstis (see ped. of Anstis, History of Blislaml, pp. 68, 69,*), was appointed his deputy, and held the office until the death of the said John Anstis in 1743. In 1746 John Bennett, eldest son of Henry, occurs as Deputy Registrar, and we hazard the conjecture that the said John Anstis was succeeded by his son as Regis- trar. Prol.)ably they held the office jointly, as they did that of Garter King of Anns. After the death of the third John Anstis in 1754 perhaps the office of Registrar passed to Edward Sleech and William Cholwich, who held it jointly in 1759, when they granted a new deputation to John Bennett, as shown in the text. John Bennett married Dorothy, daughter of Robert Bullock of Bodmin, gent., and coheir of her brother Richard Bullock, whose other sister and coheir married William Browne of Bodmin, gent.; George Browne, son of William and Elizabeth, would seem to have served his articles as an attorney with his uncle John Bennett, and he succeeded him as Deputy Registrar in 1773.

The office of Registrar appears to have been held as a sinecure for a considerable period, and we have been unable to obtain any inforaiation as to the succession of the incumbents. The Right Reverend Thomas Vowler Short, D.D., late Bishop of St. Asaph, was appointed Registrar of the Archdeacon's Court many years ago (date not ascertained), and still continues the Archdeacon's Registrar, and Mr. J. B. Collins is his deputy; and since 1857, when the control of the local Probate Courts was trans- ferred to the General Court of Probate, the latter gentleman has held the appointment of District Registrar for Cornwall.

Page 119, line 18.— For " Whitsan " read " Whitsand."

Page 120, line 5. — John Trelyyh. This was doubtless John Treijlygh, who was elected Mayor on the 4tli Oct. of this year.

Pages 123, 124. — The last passage of the text in page 123 extending over to page 124 is not an "extract" from the accoimts and should have been marked to distinguish it.

Page 128. — Paul's Pitcher. For " every house which is," read " houses which have been." We understand that these pitchers are filled with all kinds of offensive matter and filth, and that it is usually the weak and helpless who are made the victims of this discreditable practice.

• The statement that the issue of Henry Bennett and Mary Anstis is extinct is prolmbly incorrect. We propose to give an account of this family hereafter.

244

ADDENDA ET COKRIGEXDA.

Page 129. — Holif Well at the Bery (Holy Eood) used to be visited by cliildren and young persons on Holy Well Day ( Holy Thursday) for purposes of divination. Rushes were placed in the form of a cross, and laid upon the water ; if they sank the person so placing them would die or be unfortunate, if they swam he or she would live and be successful. This custom has now ceased, but persons are living who practised it in their youth.

Page 134. — The Maces. The small silver maces were made originally with three serpentlike projections at the end of each handle ; only two on one and one only on the other now remain.

Page 139. — Town Clerks. On the death of Nicholas Sprey, John Corrye became Town Clerk, and held that office on 18th ]\[ay, 1624.

Page 139, note J. We find that there was a family of the name of Stephens in Cornwall whose pedigree was registered in 1620. It is probable that John Stephens, town clerk, derived his descent from this family. Thomas Stephens of Duloe, son of John Stephens, mamed Joane daughter of ... . Collicott, and had a son, Thomas Stephens of Tregony, who registered the pedigree of his family as above stated. He manied Jane daughter, and we presume heu', of Thomas Cock of Bodmin, and had four sons, Henry, John, Arthur, and Eiehard, and three daughters. The arms allowed to this family were the same as those of Stephens of Leicester, and with those arms they were permitted to quarter the arms of Cock of Bodmin: viz. Gules fretty argent, upon a fess of the second three cocks of the first. The founder of this family in Cornwall was possibly one of the many children of Henry Stephens of Frocester, co. Gloucester, who was the progenitor of the Stephenses of Leicester, and who died in 1552.

Page 145. At the election of burgesses in 1868 James Wyld, esq. petitioned against the retmn of the Hon. E. F. Leveson-Gower, but Mr. Leveson-Gower was pronounced to be duly elected.

Page 152, note f. For " at this time," read " at that time."

Page 157, line 14. — Waterlonde. For " xxvij s. viij d." read " xxvi s. viij d."

Page 159, line 3. — For " Hj. tenements "' read " iij. tenements."

Page 181, line 18. — Gonronson. In 1626 Sir Bernard Grenville and Beville his son conveyed Gonronson to the Flanianks, who in 1724 sold it to Philip Hawkins. (Addl. MS. 9416, fo. 298.)

Page 185. — Arms of Phillipps. The tincture of the field is accidentally omitted in the engraving — it should be argent.

Page 203, third and fourth descents. — Gilbert Ptiligree. For "Marianne" read " Mariamne."

Page 214, line 16. — For "William Waddon Martin of Tonacombe, Esq." read "Rev. William Waddon Martyn of Tonacombe, Clerk, Rector of Lifton, county Devon."

Page 215, line 4. — Captain George Borlase Kempthome died 22nd March, 1870, after the page to which we refer was printed.

Page 215. third line from bottom. — For "eabossed" read " couped."

Page 330, line 2.— For " 1711 " read " 1811."

if

I

INDEX TO PEESONS, &c.

Note — That in this and in the following Index no attempt is made to distinguish the different modes of spelling the same name, and that one reference only is given notwithstanding the name may occur more than once on the same page.

Abbot, 91, 226 Abel, 173

Abercrombie, 231 n Achym, 07, 67 «, G8, 68», 80, 112, i:i(J, 147; Fam. 190, 1!)1: Fed. 191 Adams, 5, 45, 155 JEthelgar, Bp. 21 ^thelstan, K. 21, 22 jEthelstan, Bp. 21 Aldstowe, 140 Alct, 142, 143 Alford, 7 » Algar, 24 7i Allen, 205, 20G Alms, 76, 99 Alynbom, 141 Amcotts, 215 Amdyn, 141 Anivdeu, 140 Andrew, 80, 112, K!«, 219 Andrews, 55 Andrye, 112 Ancryan, 143 Ann, Queen, 44 Anstis, 103,243,243 74 Antliornc, 217 Ai)sley, 219 Archer, 80, 85 n, 141 Arms :

Achvm, 08. 191, 242

Archdckne, 217, 220

Arches, 220

Beville, 71 n, llU

Bligh or Blight, 68, 189

Bodmin, Borough, 233

Bohun, 216, 220

Bonville, 221

Borlasc, ()5

Bozon, 219

Brav, 227

Brewer, 224

Brown(^ 224, 233

Call, 8 »

Calmailv, 51, 51 n

Carew. 64, 219, 221

Carminow, 72, 217, 220

Cavel, 183. 208

Charles I. 64

Cock, 244

Collins, 227, 231, 232

Arms — eontinucd. Cory, 137 Courcv, 221 Courtenay, 220 C'rnssman, 198 »;. 1 )en)ont'ryart, 204 l)inliam,'217, 220 Dowrish, 219, 221 Kdgar, King, 59 FitzJye, 217, 221 FitzStephen, 221 Flamank, 72, 183, 185 Fleming, 221 Gayer, 72, 164 Gilbert, 202 Godolphin, 206 Grocers, the, 130 Gurlyn, 51, 51 n Haccomb, 220 Hawkin.s, 219, 221 Hearle, 62 n Heligan, 51, 51 n, 71 n Henuah, 221 Henrv VIII. 58 Hewitt, 77 Ilohh.s, 215, 244 lloldvu, 64, 139 ?t lloskcn, 59, 69 Ilu.ldersfield, 219, 220 lluglie.s, 72 Hunt, 53 m Hydron, 221 Iin]tcy. 42 n Kcinjithome, 65, 215 m Kcnilall, 69 Ley, 215 74 Laroche, 53 n Lippincott, 72 Lucombe, 51, 51 r>, C2n,

176, 183 Manaton, 131 Marty n, 187 Maynard, 61

McrchaiitAdventiirers,66 Michell, 61 Mods, 220 Mohun, 221 Mo(irc, 73 Mdrtimcr, 220 Miiunstcven, 200 Muuday, 37 «, 209

3 R

Arms — contimied.

Nanfant, 72

Pendarves, 206

Pennington, 59, 69, 201, 202

Petit, 217, 221

Peverell, 71, 164, 183

Phillipps, 75, 244

Plantagenet, 216, 220

Pomeroy, 64, 236

Prideanx, 51, 51 n

Priory, 58

Eoche, 220

Rouse, 72

St. Aubyn,220

St. George, 219

Seoble, 219, 221

Sergeaux, 51, 51 n

Stephens, 139 n

Stone, 212

Talbot, 220

Thomas, 206

Treglownow, 71, 183

Trelawney, 52

Treleavcn, 52

Tremayne, 72

Tresahar, 219, 221

Tresaster, 208

Trewinnard, 71

Tuite, 221

Unknown. 52,62,71,72, 191, 207

Vivian, 58, 5874, 70, 207, 208

Williams, 76 n

Wills, 131

Wood, 76

Yeomans, 53 n

Yorkc, 219, 221 Arscott, 36, 189 Arthur, 118 Artur, 140

Arnndcll, 35, 89, 116, 120, 144, 162, 165, 166, 178, 181,182,183,207,210,222 Ashby, 38 7t Ashcton, 161,211 Atwill, 84

Audlcy, 119, 144, 216 Aurifabnim, 140 Austen, 81, 194

Avent, 219

Averey, 27, 80, 136

Aylworth, 36, 44, 44 n

Ayi-a, 27

Babb, 140

Baby, 28, 140

Bacon, 83, 144

Bagg, 27, 141, 144

Baggel, 141

Bailey, 44, 167

Baker, 143

Balaham, 141

Baldwin, 197

Bandvn, 142

Bant,' 29, 141, 142

Barbom', 47

Barret, 183

Barribal, 218

Baron, 45, 75, 76

Barrow, 45

Barwell, 42, 147

Basset, 49, 122, 146, 148, 182,

228, 229, 232, 233 Bathiu-st, 143 Batt, 85

Bawden, 48, 48 7t Baylie, 48, 48 n Beard, 56 n, 136, 183, 222 Beauchamp, 89, 154, 160,

216, 217 Beaumont, 161 Beaupre, 89 Bedcman, 30 Bedford, 188, 189 Bcdstau, 143 Beeston, 144 Bekct, 135 «. 143, 166, 176;

Fam. 209, 210; Ped. 211 Bcllcw, 188. 189 Bennallackc, 232 Bennett, 76, 103, 103 74, 138,

139, 144, 199, 200, 212,

213, 224,243, 243 « Berc, 25, 28, 37/4, 60, 60 74,

83, 135,141, 142,143, 166,

167,171,176,183,209,210 Bcrkclev, 144, 216 Best, 32, 38, 162 Bettv, 48, 48/4 Bcvi'll, 150, 150 74, 154, 160,

210, 211

246

INDEX TO PERSONS, ETC.

Billing, 80, 93. 118, 141, 141 «, 142, 183, 211, 230

Bishop, 48, 143

Blackmore, 221

Bladworth, 145. 145 n

Blake, 140, 141, 142, 152, 183, 194

Blewet, 89

Blight or Bligh, 17, 50 n, 55 ft, 62, 65, 66, 66 n, 68, 68«, SO, 81, 112, 116,118, 122, 123, 124, 136, 137, 138, 185; Fam. 187-189; Fed. 189; 190. 191, 192,

212, 213, 237-240, 244 Bloihou, 142, 170, 171, 173 Blount. 219 Blnndell,89

Blyker, 209

Bodcarn, 140

Bodniin.de, 27, 89, 135, 140, 140 H, 141; Fam. 169, 170; Fed. 170; 186

Bodmin, Burgesses of, 33, 34, 55, 108, 110,113,114,116, 126, 133, 177, 186, 192, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 225, 227

Bodmin, ilavors of, 25, 85, 114, 115, '116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 133-139, 166, 172,175,176,178,186,188, 190, 192, 195, 202, 204,

213, 215, 236, 241 Bodmin, Mayor and Bur- gesses, 45, 46, 54 n, 84, 85, 91, 99, 99 », 111,113,116, 146, 173 », 210

Bodmin, Priors of, 25-40, 46, 47, 47«, 94, 109, 110, 159, 100, 161, 163, 164, 168, 175, 177, 179, 198, 207, 209, 243

Bodmin, Tomi Clerks, 112, 113,114,11.5,129,133,139, 146, 193, 244

Bodmin, Vicars of, 45; In- stitutions, 46-49: 128, 166, 202, 236, 237-240, 241

Bodyniel, 1 40,1 72 ; Fam. 1 76- 177

Bohun. 216

Bokellv, 142, 143

Bolitho, 205

Bolt, 66, 67, 67 n

Bolger, 172

Bond, 156

Bonville, 217

Bony, 142

Boor. 101, 102, 185

Booth, 144

Borgeys, 140

Borlase. 3, 33, 65, 65 «, 168, 215, 228

Bomys, 142

Borough, 211

Borroughs, 57 n

Boscaman, 43, 136

Boscawen, 32 n, 101 n, 169, 221

Bosson, 157

Boturnal, 212

Bowden, 119

Bower, 112

Boyer, 80, 120, 130

Boyne, 130

Brabm, 116,123

Braddyll, 145

Bradley, 137, 138, 152, 202,

213 Bradlick, 185,213 Brag, 141 Branthwaite, 109 Bray, 47, 80, 94 n, 99, 112,

120, 136, 139, 226, 232 Brentingham, 84, 93 Breton, 135,142, 166 Brewer, 200 Erode, 58 Broker, 81,83 Bromley, 169 Broun, "l41, 143 Browne, 8 »J, 44, 97 «, 102,

102 «, 103, 143, 144. 167,

199, 200 ; Fam. 223-224 ;

229, 231, 234, 243 Browning, 102 Biy.in, 215 Bryajit, 83 Budeauxhead, 153,154,154 n,

167 Buller, 121, 230 « Bullock, 65, 152, 161, 198;

Ped. 199; 224, 232, 243 Bulpyt, 83 Bunse, 80 Bunt, 162 Burchelle, 174 Burell, 155 Burford, 144 Burg, de, 88 n, 142, 178 Burgeys, 142 Burnard, 177 Burneberv, 159 Burrows,'69, 118, 138 Burt, 91

Bmr, de la, 141, 167, 172 ByllVne, 80, 141, 141 n Byschop, 143

Cffisar, 144

Call, 8

Calmer, 53 »

Calway, 135

Calwodley, 136

Camelford, Lord, 118

Canning, 197

Cant, si)

Capoun, 141

Cara, 206

Carballa, 28, 28h, 140,141

Carhnrra, 28, 28 «, 140, 141,

142, 174-176 Carew,.5, 121,141,144;Ped.

217,218,219; Arms, 218;

228, 232 Carkeet, 183, 220, 221 Carlvon, 143, 219, 230,235 Carminow, 19, 57,61, 88n,89,

153,183,192,211;Ped.217

Came, 80, 146

Carnellow, 29, 31

Camsewe, 151

Carpenter, 116, 140,219,221

Carter, 37 «, 96

Caruball, 140, 141, 18G, 209

Carvcth, 219, 221

Cary, 147

Casket. Ivory, 25

Cash, 203

Cat, 141

Catprust, 140, 141

Caunter, 8 «

Cavel, 26, 142, 143,207

Caw, 142

Ceceley, 141

Ceolnoth, Archb. 21

Challis, 218

Chamberleyn, 265

Chambers, 76

Chambron, 90

Chamond, 35, 36, 36 n, 48,

85, 113, 144. 155, 156, 172 Champernon, 211 Chan, 140 Chapelain, 140 Chapman, 42, 46, 97, 192 Chappie, 218 Charles I. King, 57, 64 Chehek, 143 Chepitleyn, 142 Chichester, 25, 44 « Chilcott, 234, 235 Childs, 65 « Chiverton, 113, 143 Cholwich, 103, 243 Chndleigh, 121,122 Churchwardens' Accouuts,57 Cithared, 173 n Clap, 141 Clapthovre, 88 Clarke, 75, 218 Clar, 142

Cleffe, Abbot of, 159 Clement, 21 Clemenee, 45 Clerk, 27, 55, 140, 141, 142,

171 Clevedon, 90 Clifford, 80 Cliker, 166 Climo, 199 rt, 148 Clonard, 22 Clun, 141

Clutterbuck, 224, 235 Cobbe, 159 Coch, 57 Cock, 8 n, 31, 80, 83, 1 12, 136,

140, 141, 143, 148, 1.52,

157,187,211,241,214 Coke, 82 Cokvn, 145 Cole', 55n, 94, 97, 102, 138,

142. 235, 241 Coleman, 45, 196 Collins, 11, 44, 70, 102 «,

103, 139, 223 «, 224, 224 »;

Fam. 225-235, 243 Collicott, 244 Collier, 61

Colqnite, 189

Colvill, 8, 77

Colwell, 138

Colyn, 29, 35, 163

Colyt, 140

Commins, 71 «, 74, 138, 139,

150, 185 Comore, Bp., 21 Conan. Bp. 21 Condye, 112, 136 Connock, 43 », 144 Conyell, 32 Coode, 96 Cooke, 232 Coom, 45, 85, 141 Copner, 203 Corboys, 27 Cork, 143 Cornier, 140

Cornwall, 30, 30 «, 88, 89, 90 Cornwall, Bishops of, 21 Corrant, 136 Cory, 55 «, 61, 61 «, 77, 79,

112, 133, 136, 137, 141,

143, 195, 241, 244 Coryn, 112 Corj-ton, 102, 110 Coterel, 135 Cottell, 152, 168, 168 n Couch, 127, 128 Couling, 140, 141, 186, 187 Coundey, 55 n Courtenay, 116, 116 », 143,

1.53, 167, 182, 183, 193,

194 Coventre, 30, 88 Cover, 140 Cowlecote, 157 Coynt, 140 Crabbe, 141 Craddock, 56, 71 n, 1 18, 195 »,

213 Crang, 139 Credanus, 22 Crews, 59 Crich, 141 Crikledene. 142 Croker, 145, 234 Cromwell, 78, 122, 144, 168 re Cro.ssman, 108, 109, 110, HI,

124, 156, 161, 162; Fam.

and Ped. 198 Crowder, 74 Cruglas, 141 Cnbar, 142 Cundy, 84, 136 Cunnack, 77. 235 Currev, 75,202, 214,217 Curte'is. 31, 32, 36 «, 97, 172 Cutler, 144

Dabernonn. 28, 111

Dagge, 41, 80, 85, 85 /», 95, 116, 116n, 137; Fam. 195- 197; Ped. 196; 204

Dagle, 38, 48

Dan, 148

Dauyell, 142, 147, 194

Dauuey, 89, 190

Daviss, 49

INDEX TO PERSONS, ETC.

247

Davy, 141, 142, 143, 218

Dawe, 98 n.

Deacon, H8

Dechanus, 22

Dedoii, 140

Demounfryat, 50, 137 n ;

Fam. 204 Denband, 143 Dene, 142 Denshall, 182 Denys, 149, 189 Despenser, 216 Devyok, 143 Dickinson, 49, 49 n Dighen, 135 Dillon, 49, 49 n, 100 )i Dlnan, de, 25 Dira, 140, 186 Dunstanvillc, 13, 44, 49, 52,

96, 139, 217 lioekj-ng, 88 Donaforde, 37 «, 38 « Donewych, 179, 186 Donuecote, 158 DorYille, 195 Dottinn, 154 Doughty, 161 Down, see Dunn Doune, 142, 143 Dowrish, 218

Drake, 48, 48«, 220, 229, 234 Drew, 74, 116, 142 Drury, 178 Ducie, Barl of, 71 Duke, 43, 142, 185 Dungay, 99 n Dunkyu, 200, 215 Dunn or Down, 81, 82 Duns Scotus, 88 Durant, 63, 03 «, 07 n, 79,

79 «, 85, 133, 130,137,151 Dyer, 122 n, 136, 152, 157,

159, 165 Dyn, 140, 141, 155 Dyver, 158

Edgcombe, 57, 116, llOn

Edge, 112

Edred, 146 tt

Edye, 80, 133, 136, 137

Edyvean, 2, 99 ?t, 118, 138,

139, 169, 183; Ped. 185 Eglosheill, de, 141 Eliot, 74 Eliot, Lord, 13 Elizabeth, Queen, 78, 78 «,

79, 93, 94 Ellaconil>e, 93 Elliott, 41 H, 219 Elson, 75 Elye, 155, 150 Enys, 229, 232, 233 Erie, 135

Essex, Earl of, 122 Estcote, 100 Everest, 8, 77 Every, 45, 71, 71 w, 75 Exeter, Bishops of, 24, 25,

26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 42,

84,88,90,94,100,170, 171

Eyre, 32, 83, 118, 149, 152

Facy, 142

Fairfax, 122

FairlWde, 142, 210

Falmouth, Lord, 13

Fane, 216

Fauutleroy, 58, 153, 161

Fawlvns, 38

Fayrer, 102, 185

Fekyn, 47 n.

Fell, 45

Ferrers, 216

Finch, 178

Fisher, 102, 102 n

Fitz Alan, 216, 217

Fitz Osbert; 135

Fitz Ralph, 88

Fitz Roger, 141

Fitz Walter, 90

Fitz William, 141

Flamank, 32, 71, 72, 80, 81, 118, 119, 119;i., 124, 134, 135,130,138,139,143,152, 153, 161, 162, 103, 163 «, 164 », 165, 174, 176; Fam. 179—185

Flanders, 140

Flegard, 140

Flemyng, 38

Fol, 142, 166

Follyot, 141

Ford, Abbot of, 180

Forde, 47 «, 51 «, 88, 142, 174, 170, 212

Forthe, 48, 81 n

Fortescne, 140, 150, 154, 161

Forrester, 140

Foulstone, 5

Fowler, 116, 137, 148

Frad, 200

Frigens, 194

Francis, 97, 153

Francis, 8t. 86, 87, 90 n

Franciscans, 88, 89

Frodon, 142

Fry, 118, 137

Fynciix, 143

Galahan, 27

Garby, 212, 213

Gardyner, 161

Gargrave, 143

Garland, 136

(iarnet, 203

Garrett, 130

Gatty, 1)8; Fam. 222, 223

Gayer, 182

Geach, 04

Germans, St. Bishops of, 21 n

Gernon, 140

George, 1 19

Gerveys, 160, 183

Gildis, 118

Giddy, 145, 227, 232

Gilbard, 80

Gilbert, 3, 11, 12, 13, 42, 66, 75, 118, 128, 138, 139 H, 145, 151, 201; Ped. 202; 227, 232, 244

Gill, 189 Givelet, 93 Glanville, 189 Glencross, 45, 71 «, 167, 168 Glover, 142, 157, 232 Glubb, 230, 235 Glynn, 38, 116, 120, 126, 136, 144,161,105,166,167,189,

202, 229 God, 141

Godolphin, 206, 212, 217 Goldsmyth, 14, 172 Goodyear, 9

Gorges, 154, 154 «, 167

Goss, 97

Gould, 197

Goviley, 217

Gower, 145, 244

Granville, 1 16

Grandison, 88

Grendon, 142

Graves, 230

Greepe, 142

Grelles, 172

Grenville, 121, 122, 125, 139,

144, 1.50, 153, 168 Grev de Ruthyn, 121, 122 Grey, 142 Gribble, 5 Grose, 45, 73, 84, 139, 140,

168 Gryffith, 55 » Grylls, 210, 211 Gundrey, 165

Gurlyn,47, 47 «, 52, 176, 182 Gnron, St. 21 Gyans, 112 Gyles, 153 Gylmyn, 142 Gylot, 141 Gyon, 143

Hake, 49

Hall, 118, 195, 197

Haloppe, 142, 178

Hambly, 45, 80

Hamilton, 230

Hamley, 12,69, 70, 80, 110, 118, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 189, 191, 202,

203, 224, 233, 236 Hancock, 81 n, 100, 147, 162 Haukyn, 141

Harris, 11, S3,112,130,130«,

130, 137, 101 Harrison, 221 Han'ington, 130 Harvey, 102, 137, 142,156,

219 Harry, 31, 35 «,. 5.5, 82, 183 Hartwcli, 112, 133, l:!0 Hawes, 205 Hawkcn, 222 Hawkcs, 229, 234 Hawkin, 110, 137 Hawkins, 8 », 96 Hawley, 44, 169 Hay, de hi, 209; Ped. 211 Hayes, 220 Hay ley, 34

Haynes, 136

Havener, 172

Heales, 206

Hearle, 232

Heathcote, 145

Heatley, 197

Hedge, 124

Heig, 140

Hele, 53 n

Helegy, 172

Helleston, 135

Heligan, 142, 176; Ped. 217

Hellyer, 5, 9 «, 133, 130, 159

Hender, 45, 97, 137

Henderson, 45

Heneage, 221

Hennah, 220, 221

Henrietta Maria, Queen, 44

Henry VIIX., King, 90

Heme, 1 44 «

Herbard, 20

Herbert, 144, 144 n

Herford, 143

Herott, 55

Hertford, Marquis of, 139

Heverard, 179

Hewett,73n,77,91, 112, 136

Hext, 45, 50, 118, 138, 138«,

139, 162, 236 Hevm, 141 Hichens, 2, 139, 235 Hickey, 203 Hicks, 96, 97, 129, 139. 148,

149, 205, 206 Hikkedon, 143 Hill, 143, 148, 153, 202, 218 Hine, 5 Ho, 142 Hobb, 141 Hobbs, 57, 116, 125, 137:

Fam. 215; 236 Hoblyn, 7, 45, 63, 63 «, 85.

114, 115,116, 110 k, 117 »,

124, 138, 139, 144, 1.52,

153, 233, 236, 239 Hocken, 185 Hodgson, 205 Hod, 141, 142 Hodge, 55, 56 n, 202 Hoge, 142, 157 Hole, 142 Holman, 219, 221 Holwell, 47 Iloniton, de, 28 Honyman, 173 Iloper, U;5 Hopkins, 4

llopton, 121, 121 «, 12.3, I23« Horwcll, 102, 104« Hosken, 42, 49, 59, 65, 148,

185, 202, 203, 222 Hosyen, 82 Houghton, 237 How, 114

Howard, \TA)n, 217 Howell, 9() Hungerford, 143 Hughes, 72 llumcs, 210 Hunt, 53 «, 118, M5, 145 »

248

INDEX TO PEESOXS, ETC.

Hyde, de la, 27 Hvden, 165 HywTs, 89

lago, 5, 16 n

Ilford, 56 n

Hger, 176

Impev, 41, 41 n, 147

Inch,' 149

Irby, 4, 134, 145, 145 n

Ivon, 143

Ivy, 143

Jacob, 218

Jago, 168

Jackson, 102, 243

Jaky, 157

Jane, 153

James I. King, 79, 80

Jeff err, 97

Jenonr, 161

Jennings, 162

Jermyn, 144

Jewell, 116, 118, 142, 152

Job, 84

Jodde, 159

John, 32, 136

Johnson, 195

Jones, 8, 32, 56

Jopc, 142

Joseph, 119

Jon, 142

Jourdan, 214

Katherine, Queen, 90 Kayrjshavs, Lord of, 88, 89 Keith, 230 Kekewich, 194 Kelley, 217 Kelligrew, 144 Kempe, 167, 178, 213 Kempthome, 65, 168; Fani.

214, 215; 244 Kendall, 86, 36n. 37n. 60.

60n, 61, 77. 122.169, 192,

209, 219, 228, 232 Kenegy, 31 Kenstec, Bishop, 21 Kessell, 97 Ker, 203

Kemick, 172, 173 KesteU, 6, 7 «, 80, 112, 136,

139, 144, 198, 210, 211:

Fam. 212 Key, 49, 49 « King, 59, 72, 82, 118, 148,

167, 168, 200, 202, 212,

213, 225 n Kingdon, 143 Kingston, 120 Kirkwood, 45 Kitt, 45

Kittow, 193, 194 Knappe, 141 Knyvett, 150 m Knolle, 29 n, 143 Knowling, 183 KnonwT, 135, 175 Kykel,141

Kyhninawarth, 141 Kylmynan, 175 Kyngsman, 141

LacT, 94, 145

Lake. 63n, 97

Lam, 142

Lancarfe fam. 177, 178

LandrajTie, 141

Laudwamick, 211

Laugahitts, 135

Lange, 135, 142, 165

Langher, 135, 142

Lanhergy, 143, 159, 166, 210,

211 Langman, 81 Langworthy, 138 Lanne, 88

LansdowD, Lord, 116 Larken, 205 Laseh, 142 Lathian, 120 Lannargh, 160 Lannedwen, de, 27, 171 Laroche, 53 «, 139, 144, 145,

145 n, 169 Lannceston, Priory of, 29, 83 Layers, 198

Lawrence, 32, 48 », 188, 189 Le Ferre, 145 Leheaup, 144 Leigh, 144, 217 Lennox, Duke of, 130 Lenthall, 123 « Lewis, 200 Lev, 123 7^, 214 Liddell, 45, 64, 64n, 139 Lippencott, 183 Littleton, IIG, 137 Lobb, 161 Locker, 224 n Lockwood, 155 Lok, 35 Loky, 140, 141 Lokyere, 141 London, de, 88, S8n, 141 Long, 27, 45 Lor, 142 Lorvmere, 141 Lovell, 143 Lovers, 143 Lower, 144, 156, 307 Lowvs, 140, 210 Lncombe, 51, 52, 81 n, 135,

135 n, 143, 153, 161, 175,

176, 176 », 178, 181, 182,

183 Luer, 38 Lugger, 116, 137 Lukes, 141 Lnkv, 158, 176 Luttrell, 217 Lux, 141 Lyons. 48 Lynam, 196 Lytelton, 37

Mab, 141 Maben, de St 141

Mace, 137

Maclean, 203

Maenhvr, 155

Malet,'l42, 143,144

Malkvn, 141

Mana'ton, 115, 122, 131,

131 «, 137 Manne, 89, 142 Mannering, 154 March, 100 Marctt, 84 n Margaret, de St. 135, 140 ;

Fam. 172-174, 177 Margyt, 135, 136, 178, 190 Marisco, 88 Marks, 148 Marlborough, 124 Marshall, 10 n, 38, 45, 74,

138, 152, 174 Martvn, 28, 34. 47 n, 135,

140, 141, 142, 149, 159,

166, 172; Fam. 186; Ped.

1S7;195,196. 199, 214,244 Mary, Queen, 79, 80 Maryctt, 217 Masterman. 145, 145 n Mathew, 80, 135, 143, 172,

174,230,235 Maynard, 61, 61 «, 192 May, 75, 116, 137, 137 «,

138, 152, 227, 227 «, 232 Mayor's Accounts, 57 Meager, 194 Medanus, 22 Mears, 234 Mellow, 45 Mely, 158 Menheuick, 162 Menhinnett, 152 Mercer, le, 172 Merrifield, 45, 47, 213 Metty, 142 Meyton, 26 Michell, 38 «, 45, 61, 61 n,

71,75, 80, 82. 98 n, 99 k,

103 », 112, 136, 142, 143,

144, 145, 156; Fam. and

Ped, 192 ; 199, 228 Mildmave. 143 Mingayi 82, 101 Mohun, 85, 90, 116, 1.50, 180 Molesworth. 4, 45, 116, 156 Molines, 217

Monmouth, Duke of, 123 n Montacute, Prior, 190 Montfort. 100 Moore, 72, 73 Morant, 108 Morcorabe, 112, 136 Mordaunt, 150 More, 46, 54 Moreman, 120 Moreton, Earl of, 24, 160 Morgan, 75, 102 Morish, 202 Morshead, 145 Mortimer, 216 Mortyn, 158 Mount, 142

Monnsteven, 50, 50 n, 78, 116, 126, 148, 161, 199; Ped. 200

Mount Edgcumbe, Lord, 13

ilowat, 204

Mowbrav, 217

Movie, 62, 62 «, 74, 75, 85,

135, 135 «, 142. 143, 160, 161 ; Fam. 178, 178 n ; Ped. 219

Mudge, 45, 139 Mul, 141 Mulling, 31

Mundav, 36 n, 37 «, 49, 169, 198; "Fam. 209

Nakes, 32

Nanfan, lSl,181n,183

Nanspian, 217

Kantian, 209; Ped. 311

Navlor. 50, 81, 82, 83, 166

Neale, 102

Neeton, 82, 101

Nelder, 26

Kelson, 223

Kesbitt, 132, 145

Keville, 214, 216, 218

Kewall, 112

Newcombe, 236

Kewton, 27. 37

Kicholas, 162

Kichols. 144

Kicoll, 142, 143, 147

Kicolls, 135

Kiel, 141

Kigell, 160

Korman, 5

Korris, 143

Korthey, 10 n, 112, 136

Korthwode, 47, 47 »

Kott, 124, 143

KykeU, 157

Oakley, 71, 71 n

O'Bryan, 10

Oberman, 46

Odom, 141

Ogilvv, 69

Oldham, 100

Oliver, 31, 32, 35, 38, 136,

157, 177, 225, 226 Opps, 140 Opve, 7n, 46, 50?!, 80, 112,

136, 137, 151, 154, 161, 189, 236, 242

Orchard, 137 O'Reilly, 230 Osbem. 141 Ostvler, 32» Ongh, 118

Paderda, 166, 209, 211 Pafford, 140

Painter, 55, 142, 143, 182 Parker, 145, 153 Parkyn, 139, 160 Parrett. see Marrctt Parsons, 116, 137, 156 Pascoe, 9, 112, 139

INDEX TO PERSONS, ETC.

249

Pasmore, 152 Pate, 143 Paticda, 31, 166 Panic, 157

Pawlev, 100, \U, 206 Pay, l"43 Payntcr, 135 Pamtoii, H3 Peach, 2 Pearse, 74, 139 Peceham, 8S Pedigrees. Achym, 191

Peauchamp, 216

Beaufort. 210

Bcket, 21 1

Bere. 211

Bevill, 211

de Bodmin, 170

Bullock, 299

CarlnuTU, 176

Carew, 217-219

Carminow, 217

Ci-ossman, 298

Demonfiyart, 204

Edwean, 185

Fitzlve, 217

Flauiank, 183, 184, 185

Hav, de la, 311

Hcilegan, 217

Hennah, 220, 221

Holman, 219, 220

Mounsteven, 200

Moyle, 219, 220, 221

Nautian, 2U

Neville, 21U-218

Padorda, 211

PeuuiiiKton, 202

Petit, 217

Phillipps, 185

Plautagenet, 216

St. Leger, 218

Scarlet, 179

Stafford, 216

Stone, 213

Taillour, le, 211

Thomas, 206

Trcsahar, 217, 219

Trethurfe, 217

Vivian, 217, 219, .308

Yorke, 217, 219 Pcirse, 196 Pole, 57

Penl)reg, 172, 176 Penlnigel, 179 Pencot, 141

Penchuves, 205, 206, 228, 229 Pcnfoun, 143, 210 Pengadur, de, 141 PengcUr, 211 I'enhal, 26, 141 Peuhargarcl, de, 27, 172 I'enharlh, 172 Pcnhelleck, 1H9 I'enkcvel, 189

Pennington, 41, 42, 50,56, 56 «, 59, 69, 102, 116,117, 137, 138, 147, 147 ?t, 148. 152; Pam. 201, 202; Ped. 202, 236 Penny, 28, 69, 168, 242

Pcnquyt, 141 Penrose, 135, 2.'i0 n Pentec, 109, 135 Peuticost, 205, 206 Penymela, 16(> Percy, 216 Peres, 161 Permearing, 149 Perry, 45 Penyman,114,115,137, 139,

156, 193, 193 « Pers, 143 Persona, 165 Pescodd, 41

Peter, 145. 153, 221, 236 Peticme, 141 Petit, 217 Petrock. St., 21, 22, 25,

58 «. Peury, 141

Peverell, 88, 89, 90, 94, 172 Phillipps, 45, 46, 75, 76, 118,

136, 137, 137 H, 138, 163,

165, 181, 183; Ped. 185; 227, 232

Phylype, 100, 136

Picho. 141

Pickering, 102

Piggot, 144

Pike, 189

Pitt, 150

Plantagenet, 216, 217, 226»

Plegha, 140

Plonier 168

Plvmpton, 55

Pohedon, 143

Pole, 28, 120, 140, 141, 143,

166, 177 Polglas, 143 Polgran, 140 PoUexfen, 115 Polmorna, 135, 141 PoU-ede, 142 Polrcdden, 182 Polstuk, 32 Polsulsek, 182 Pohvhele, 227, 232 Pomcroy, 49, 49 », 56, 64, 82,

118, i20, 138, 173; Fain.

236 Poore, 152 Pope, 85, 189 Pophani, 45, 118, 222 Porcher, 145 Porter, 8, 143, 155, 172 Potage, 180 Potts, 45

Powell, 49, 49 7i, 135, 148 Power, 182, 197 Pownd, 136 Poyson, 203 Prescott, 74 Prcad, 223 Prideaux, 35 «, 37, 37 «, 38,

43, 44, 44 n, 48, 49, 117,

117 n, 141, 144, 196,209 Prilkes, 140 Prist, «;■ Pru.st, 133,136, 140,

141, 151 Provost, 115

Prowte, 112 Prynne, 231,231m, 235 Pychermaker, 28 Pyper, 112 Pyyn, 142

Quisne, de la, 27

Radclifte, 44, 64, 213 Radnor, Lord, 7, 53 n, 116.

123, 124, 125 Rashleigh, 41, 118, 139, 148 Pauley, 142 Eaun. 135 Rawe, 148 Rawlings, 231, 235 Rawl)-n, 120, 143 Reed, 154 Refrawel, 141 Renawden, 189 Reunie, 4 Renorden, 118 Rescorla, 118 Resprin, 217 Restalek, 141 Restournek, 211 Restyr, 27 Eeyneward, 141 Reynolds, 103, 184 Richards, 98 n, 99 n Eichowe, 81 », 141 Rickard, 56, 202 Roliartes,7, 9,122, 125,127«,

144, 144 ■», 146, 146 n Roberts, 203 Robychonn, 141 Robyn, 141 Robyns, 58, 83, 95, 97, 135,

135 », 136,233 Roche, 141, 143, 162 Rodd, 23 Rodeney, 90 Roe, 188, 189 Rogers, 76, 154, 186 «, 187,

187 ■«. Rogger, 142, 175 Rojipeloy, 140 Ros, le, 140 Roscarn, 90 Roscarrock, 31, 84, 8.5, 172,

177, 192 Roseraelian, 90 Rosemonde, 37 «, 38 Roseveare, 18 m Rosewarne, 206 Roskeare, 196 Rosmcll, 205, 206 Ross, 203 Rou, 141, 142 Rous, 71, 72, 184 Roussell, 25, 140, 177 Rounseval, 152 Howe, 182 Rudhall, 56 Rundlc, 41 Rupe, 165, 172 Russell, 120, 177 Rusth, 81 Ryder, 49 n Sugemore, 136

St. Aubyn, 13, 217, 228

St. Leger, 218

Sampson, 156

Samwell, 76

Sandilands, 77

Sands, 125

Sandy, 162

Sandys, 214

Sanny, 160

Saucey, 180

Saumarez, 200

Saunders, 44, 48, 48 n, 204

Savage,'l95

Savery, 184

Sawle, 145,215

Scarlet, 27, 140, 141, 142,

102; Fam. 179 Schobell, 10 Scholler, 116, 137, 154 Scior, 141 Scobell, 219, 235 Score, 28, 28 n, 165, 173, 175 Scot, 141,223 Scroop, 217 Searle, 76 Selman, 143

Seneschal, 173, 187, 217 Seuhouse, 169 Sergent, 145 Sergeaux, 89, 90 Serjeant,45,77,139,165, 242 Seymour, 145 Seys, 176 Shirley, 217 Shessell, 95 Shortt, 185, 189, 243 Shubrick, 203 Shuldlnim, 65 Shyer, 112 Sibley. 97 Sicca Villa, 88 » Silly, 144, 222, 243 Simon, 143 Simpson, 203 Sken, 142 Skewys, 32 n Skinner, 189 Slackstead, 40 Sleech, 103, 243 Slennm, 100 ^

Sloggett, 152,222 (

Slyngesby, 142 Slyston, 158 Smirke, 32 «, 225 h Smythc, 38, 80, 108, 116,

136, 141, 144, 195, 195m,

196, 200 Solace, 142 Som, 142 Srimnonr, 141 Sonnertou, 159 Sot, 141 Speat, 220 Spernon, 31 Spiller. 69, 118, 138, 139,

152, 202 Sprev. 60, 60«.80, S5, 129,

133, 136, 139, 144, 153 ;

Fam. 293—294; Ped. 294;

244

3s

250

INDEX TO PERSONS, ETC.

Sprv, 145, 145 ra, 156, 223, 232

Sqnu-e, 103 », 142

Stab, 141

Stacey, 56

Stafford, 94, 144, 216

Stamford, Earl of, 121

Stappe, 112, 114, 115, 137, 137 «, 156

Starkey, 155

Stephen, 31, 47, 135

Stephens, 97, 137, 139, 244

Stergyn, 120

SternhoUl, 40, 41, 42

Stevens, 45

Stoke Gabriel de, 46

Stokes, 223 n

Stone, 59, 64, 76, 80,85, 114, 115, 116,118,129,133,136, 137,138,143,144,148.152, 185, 195; Fam. 212; Ped. 213

Storm, 203

Stowell,84

Stratton, 77

Strode, 140

StukeleT, 218

Sul, 141

Swaillv, 142

Swan,"l43

Swift, 197

Symond, 142

Symons, 34, 137, 166

Synge, 203

Syreston, 142

Taillonr, 28, 136, 140, 141, 166, 167; Fam. 209

Talglighv, 176

Tallak, 142

Taml}^l, 200, 236

Tankard, 136, 189

Taprell, 81, 101, 102

Tavener, 140, 140 «

Tawarn, 140

Temple, 221

Temple de'l, 140

Teudm-us, 22

Textop, 141

Thistlethwaite, 233

Thomas, 45, 92, 148, 154; Fam. 205, 206; Fed. 206, 215, 232

Thomson, 78, 215

Thome, 142

Tinten, 217

Tippet, 228, 228 «, 234

Tod, 220

Toker, 80

Tom, 152

Tonkin, 49 n

Topping, 145

Torfrev, 143

Tonr, 199

Townsend, 145, 150

Tozer, 41, 239

Tracv, 172, 180

Trcbel. 141

Treljilcock, 59

Treby, 115, 117 74

Tredcnek, 136

Tredenham, 219

Tredowe, 136

Tredwen, 138

Tredm-fe, 208

Treffry, 143, 196, 225 n, 236

Trefiisis, 34, 146, 149, 150,

186, 187 Tregan-ek, 32, 142 Tregawithan, de, 28 Tregellest, 173 Tregian, 147, 161 Tregidvon, 214 Tregit,"l41 Treglbwnow, 183 TreglTgh, 120, 136, 243 Treglystyn, 182 Tregouau, 142, 143, 179 Tregony, de, 141 Tregoodoch, 149 Tregos, 142 Tregothell, 182 Tregoys, 143 Tregranaran, 27 Tregrenan, de, 25 Tregusson, 27 Trehengy, 46 Treise, 145, 205, 206, 215 Treklad, 90 Trelawney, 37 », 112, 113,

116, 125, 142, 190, 191 Trelothick, 89 Trema}'ne, 36 «, 72, 141, 184 Trcmeer, 152 Tremure, 83 Trenance, 193 Trencreeke, 208 TrenewTth,142,178,182,217 Trengoif, 208 Trerers, 167 Trerise, 183 Tresahar, 217 Tresaster, 307 Trescau, 47, 47 « Treshythanv, 140 Tresythny, 143 Trethewy, 141 Trevail, 26 Trevanyon, 83, 94, 144, 198,

217 Trev:irthian, 29 Trevellian, 214 Treverbyn, 89, 90 Treverton, 92 Treyilla, 191 Trevor, 144 Trevysa, 141 Trewalla, 99 »t Treweeke, 113, 138, 227 Trewesepcr, 176 Trewooff, 142 Treworgy, 141 Trewynard, 14, 182, 183

Trewynt, 89, 140, 141, 173,

174 Tre\wthosa, 160 Trcviige, 142 IViggs, 239

Trote, 81, 120, 136, 142, 143 Truscott, 118, 152 Tubbe, 24 «, 37, 37 m, 80,

136 Tuck, 141 Tucker, 148 Turner, 155 Turney, 61, G\ n, 133, 136,

137 Tm-nley, 112 Tvdderley, 41 TJTcU, 47, 47 ft, 166, 172,

173, 178

Ude, 142 Udy, 210 Uppecote, 141 Upton, 173 Urban, 142

Vaggc, 165

Vailetort, 26

Valty, 32

Vaughan, 119, 161, 176, 206

Veale, 112

Veitch, 219, 221

Velaw, 47

Vemi, 55

Vilers, 179

Vincent, 102

Viner, 141

Vosper, 152

Vyce, 112

Vyvian, or Vivian, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37 ft, 47, 47 )J, 50, 58, 58 ft, 59. 70, 80, 91, 136, 145, 169, 190; Fam. 207, 208; Fed. 208; 217, 219, 243

Waddon, 214

Waldon, 76

Walcys, 27

Walker, 60, 80, 113 «, 136, 139,144,154,193,194,215

Wallis, 2, 3, 14, 34, 35, 43, 44, 45, 49, 51 n, 53, 55, 56, 5Sn, 60,66, 68, 70, 70/*, 78, 80, 80 ft, 88, 92, 94 ft, 103, 118, 128, 131 ft, 135, 135 ft, 138, 139, 139 ft, 150, 171, 178; Fam. 222

Walshe, 119

Walter, 83, 135

Waudesworth, 38, 40, 145, 169, 209

Warbcck, Perkin, 119

Ward, 136, 137, 139

Warde, 67, 67 », 68 ft, 80, 190, 191

Ware, 143

Wiu-ue, 115

Warren, 137

Wastel, 141

Water, 55 ». 241

Watkin, 53, 69, 74

Watts, 57, 81, 108, 135 «

Wattye, 32

Webber, 7«, 55, 133, 136,

137, 162, 195, 196, 198 WeUlon, 43 Wellington, 230 re Wells, 41 Werring, 142 Wesley, 228

West, 45, 76, 78, 142, 144 Westcote, 142 Weston, 144 Wettor, 81 ft

Whalesborongh,160,161,217 Whitfield, 138, 138 n Whitford, 152 Whitmore, 146, 146 » Whyte, 100, 120, 191 Whvtstone, 157 A¥idiawallas, 173 Widville, 216 Wightwick, 5 Wilbraham, 145, 145 ft Wilcock, 38, 137 Wilkins, 198, 203 Wilkinson, 52 n Williams. 45, 101, 102, 116,

133, 137, 138, 143, 152,

177, 189, 202, 228. 234 Will-s, 118, 131, 131 ft, 138,

138 ?i, 148, 149, 212,213 Wilton, 50, 85, 136, 156 Wingfield, 145 Wiunell, 48

Winter, 186, 186 n, 187,187ot Withiel, 90, 143, 183 Witt, 142 Wivell, 152 WodvUv, 142 Wood, "48, 48 ft, 49 n, 76,

102, 237-240 Woodford, 200 Woodley, 183 Woodward, 130 AVoolcock, 161 Worthevale, 161 Wright, 8 ft, 45, 139 Wrastok, 140, 140 Ji Wulfhelm, Bp. 21 Wyatt, 189 Wyld, 145, 244 Wvll, 141 Wylliam,32, 32 m Wyn, 142 Wyndham, 217 Wynne, 144 Wyse, 142, 143 Wyntcr, 34 AVymond, 65 ft, 69, 137

Yem, 142 Yorke, 217, 219

251

INDEX TO PLACES, &c.

AdTent, Par. 169 Ajrnes, St. Pixr. 103 n Alan, River, 1,3, 13, 14,1.5,

25, 2e, L'S, 3G rt. 58. 168-169 Allen, St. Par. 234 Anthony, St. (in Eoseland)

103 ;t Argansawth, Man. 223

Austcil, St. 3, 64, 74, 96, 185, 192

Barlandew, Man. 21.") Belawren, 210, 211,211 n Benboll, 85 >i Berry, 35, 99, 100,243 Berrycoml^e, 8, 34 BenydowTi, 191 Berrrfield, 2, 185 Ben-y Tower, 17, 100 n Beswythghi, 173 Blackmore, Stannary of, 29,

32 Blisland, Man. 188

Par. 17, 211, 58, 84, 122, 156, 172, 178, 188, 205, 206, 223, 232 Boconion, 153, 1.53 n, 188 Boeonnoc, Par. 103 «, 157 Bodan-Wood, 25 Bodelliek, 182 Bodniin, Assizes, 6

Beacon, 2, 3,9, 11, 13,

16 Borough, 104 Chantries, 81-84, 101 Chapels, 98, 99, 100, 101,

102 Charities, 84-85 Church, 50-78, 91, 98, 177; Inventory, 241; Bells, 55 ; Monuments, 58-78, 242; Registers, 78-80 Casket, Ivory, 25, 131-

132 Crosses, 17-19, 239 Curfew, 120,127, 127 « Customs, 126-129, 243; Grace Night, 128; Paul's Pitcher, 128, 243; Riding, 127; Was- sail (-'iqi, 129 Grammar School, 101- 102, 222; Masters of, 101, 102 Grey Friary, 4, 7 n, 9,

86-93, 94' Guilds, 81, 98-101 Manor, 26 ;i, 39,41, 145

Bodmin and Boscame, Man. 146, 1.50-152; Rent Roll, 151, 152 Bodmin, Francis, 146, 153- 154 Kirland, 41,146-149 Martj-n, 149-150 Municijial Insignia,

233, 234 Plague in, 2, 28 Prebend, 35 Priory, 20, 42, 81, 108, 148, 159, 160, 161, 236 Probate Court, 102, 103,

230, 243 Public Buildings, As- size Court, 9; Asylum, 4-6 ; Gilbert Monu- ment, 11, 12, 242 ; Gaol, 8, 19; Market, 11; Meeting-Houses, 9-11, 244 ; National Schools, 9; Town Hall, 9 Races, 13

Rectory, 42-46, 146 Roads, 3, 3 n, 4 Tokens, 130, 131 Vicarage,35, 42-46, 146, 242 Bodmel Scarlet, 165 Bodwannick, Man. 165 Bodwen, 157

Bodyiiiel, Man. 36, 36 «,37 «, 39, 83, 154-160, 166, 176, 210 Boscame, 15, 71, 152, 160, 162,163-164,176.181,182, 225 Bosoghan, 182 Bossiny, Man. 23, 109 Botreaux Castle, 158 Botumal, 212 Bradford, in Blisland, 172 Branncl, 154 Brayc, 39

Brcage, Par. 154,228 Breock, St. Par. 1, 4, ,50 «,

82, 103 «, 167 Bretditch, 161 Breward, St. Par. 4, 103 n Broadoak, 103, 121 Broads, 202 Brockle, 188 Budcauxhcad, 154 a Budock, Par. 105 n Burian, Deanery, 103, 103 « Bnrian, St. Par' 103, 103/4 Bury Down, 14

Buskeer, 165

Cabilia, Man. 58, 161, 172,

173, 173», 174, 182 Cadock, St. 37 Callenough, 149, 173 Callingto'n, 20, 154, 205, 215 Callyii\-ith, 18, 20, 37 «, 109,

129, 239 Calstock, Man. 23 Camborne, 224, 226, 229, 233 Camelford, 3, 4, 158, 168,

169. 222 Canalezy, Mau. 182, 188 Carburra, Man. 174 Cardinham, 1, 161, 162, 218 Cardinham Bury, 14, 16, 37 Cardiste, 161 CargoU, Mau. 23 Carhayes, 198 Carminow Cross, 18, 129 Carmiuow, 214 CastleCanvke,2,3,13,]4,10.

41 Castle-an-Dinas, 14 Castledor, 3, 14, 16 Celliwig, 20 Chudleigh, 31 Clawton, 314 Clecr, St. Par. 23 Clifton Heath, 120 Codiford Farlegh, Man. 24 Cokesland, 38 n. Colquite, 160, 188 Columb, St. Par. 14, 23, 24,

96,193,194,200, 208,209,

230, 231 Colyanick, 173 Constantine, Par. 203, 205,

200, 227, 232 Copshome, 85, 85«., 156 Cornelly, Par. 229 Cornwall, Bishops of, 21 Cornwall Railway, 4 Cosworth, 208 Cotton Wood, 4 Cross, Man. 198 Ci-owdy Marsh, 168 Crukmnre, 83

Cur>', Par. 205,214, 228,232 Cut'hbert, St. Par. 32, 39 Cuthbert, St. Rectory, 43, 46

Davidstow, Par. 23, 69, 168,

173, 201, 202 Delank River, 168 Denis Eia Porthia, Man. 223 Denzee, Man. 96 Dragon Pit, 14 Duloc, Par. 244

Dunmere, 4, 13, 15, 10. 34,

35, 41, 85, 150, 163 Dunnaton, 223, 224 D^TOibyth, 160 Dynham, 182

Eggesford, 201 Egloshaik,Par. 1, 30,31, ,33,

39, 103 », 153, 193, 210,

211, 211 w, 212, 236 Elinglase, Man. 36 n, 39 Elington, Man. 20 « Ehven, Man. 100 Elwj-nse, 163 Endellion, Par. 35, 47 », 69,

183, 188, 195, 196 Enedock, St. 23 Enoder, St. Par. 23 Enoder, St. Man. 23 Enysworgy, 32 Erme, St. Par. 227, 228, 229,

232 Erney, St. Par. 103 ii Erth, St. Par. 24, 228, 232 Ethey, 167 Eval, St. Piu-. 103 n Ewan, St. Par. 103 n Ewe, St. Par. 84 Exeter, 60, 188 Eyle, The, 27, 30 Ji

Fairwash, 8, 101 Falmouth, 8, 103 n, 123 Fentongollen, 155, 183 Fentonwoon, 222 Fletcher's Bridge, 11 Forsnewth, Man. 23, 24 «,

26 «, 37 Fowey, 41, 55, 122, 195. 196,

197 Fowey, River, 8

Gargaul, Man. 26 Gartliwood, 37 « Germans, St. 21,23. 103 « Gcrmoe, 228 Gerrans, I'ar. 103 n Gleyin, Man. 96 n Gluvias, 103 ti Glynn, 70, 125, 229 Glyyyan-Flaniauk, 182 Gonronson, 181, 183, 244 (ionvena, 83 Goran, Par. 21, 24, 84 Goyiley, Man. 217 Grampound, 3 Greenwich,Kast,Man.46,147 Grencbnrgh, 173 Guinea Port, 4 Gullaud Rock, 37 «

252

INDEX TO PLACES, ETC.

Girawalloe, 228 Gwallior, Par. 232 Gwennep, Par. 225 Gwinear, Par. 223 Gwithian, Par. 227, 232

HalgaTor, 14, 27, 125; sports

127, 128, 193 Hall, in Pelrut, 190 HamatetliT, Man. 215 Haminer.smith, 42 «, 195, 197 Hay, Tithe of, 46 Hayle, see Eyle, 168 Helland, Par. 1, 13, 14, IG,

20, 118, 147,149,167,170,

178,183,188,203,225,236 Holland, Man. 173 Hellestou, in Trigg, 180 Helston, 8, 107, 205, 222 Hillary, St. Par. 182 Hendra, 182 Hensens, 25 Holedich, 180 Hollacombe, Man. 24 », 39,

155 Homacott, Man. 229j

lUogan, Par. 226, 282 Issey, St. Par. 147, 149, 188,

193, 194 Ives, St. 205

Juliott, St., Par. 23 Just, St., Par. 205

Kells, Man., 28

Kelly-rounds, 14, 15, 16

Kelsey, Man. 39

Ken^^■yn, 209

Kemick, 172

Keverne, St., Par. 42, 214

Kew, St., Par. 23, 71 », 85 «,

147, 149, 188, 193, 195,

196, 197, 207 Kew, St. Rectory, 193 Kilkhampton, 33 Killiganoon, 195, 197 Kingswood Hill, 37, 109, 175 Kirland, 59, 65 ?t, 116, 147,

148, 167-168,202,210,213,

215 Koesmadoc, 26

Ladock, Par. 154, 229, 232 Lamelwen, Man. 160 Laucarfe, JIan. 24, 39, 129,

146, 147, 156, 260-262,

177, 198, 199. 200 Landrake, Par. 103»,182, 183 Landulph, Par. 201 Landwynnek, 173 Lanhydrock, Pai-. 1, 18, 19,

27, 37, 39, 118, 166, 192,

199,213; Man. 23, 26 ?J, 39,

53 «, 125 Lanivct, Par. 24, 63 », 96,

97, 118,153,165,181, 182,

183, 185, 188, 193 Lanke, 183, 230, 234, 235 Laulesick, 37 n

Lanliyery, Par. 14 Lannedwen, 27 Lanreath, Par. 210 Lantiau, Man. 173 Lanteglos-by-Powey, 85 Launcells, 155 Lauuceston,3,6,7,8, 9, 26,27,

101 II, 107, 108 n, 120, 121,

122, 170,173.179,188,225 Laurence, St. Hospital, 93 —

97. 243 Laurence, St. 1, 94, 97, 100,

152 Lavedon, 84 Lavethan, 205,. 206 Lawhitton, Pai-. 103 n Leigh, 177

Lelant, Par. 205, 206 Lesnewth, Par-. 64, 69, 202,

236 Levan, St. Par. 103, 103 « Leonard, St. Chapel, 34 Lezant, par. 23, 103 ii, 122,

201 Liskeard, 107, 108 », 113,

161 Little Petherick, 103 « Lostwithiel. 3, 4, 6, 27, 28,

29, 32, 55, 61, 102 «, 103 «,

107, 108 »t, 109, 122, 147,

166,177 Looe, 178 Ludgvan, 225 Luxulyan, Par. 10

Mabe, St. Par. 103 n Mabyn, St. Par. 31, 176, 183,

200, 202, 236 Madron, Par. 222 Maker, Par. 74 Manaccan, Par. 228 Margaret, St. 27, 37, 38, 172 Mai-tin's, St. in Meneage,Par.

205, 214 Medcrin, in Blisland, 172 Menheuiot, Par. 120 Merrin, St. Par. 58, 103 n Merther, Par. 214 Mevenns, St. Abbey of, 25 Michael Penkevil, St. Par.

155,221 ; Rectory, 43, 46 Michaelstow, 175 « Michaelstow Beacon, 14 Minver, St. Par. 23, 25, 27,

173, 182, 189, 204, 212 Monuments, Early Christian,

17—19, 239, 242 Morton Hampstead, 54 Mom-enstow, 168, 198, 214 Mount Follv, 91, 242 Much Lan-ick,Man. 190, 191 Mulliou, Par. 214 Myler, Par. 103 »

Nans, 229

Nansynt, 182

Neot, St. Par. 60 «, 190, 191,

210, 223, 243 Newlyu, St. Advow. 26 Newnam. Man. 39, 155

Newton St. Petroek, Man

23, 24 Ii, 39, 155 Newton Ferrars, 229 Nicholas, St. 2 Northill, Par. 24 Norton, 147, 161 Nottingham, 121

Oxford, 31

Padstow, 22, 26, 29, 37, 37 n,

39, 56 «, 58, 82, 83, 103 n,

168, 176, 182, 231, 235;

Rectory, 43, 46 Palliugswick, Man. 195 Paruacott, Man. 188, 189 Park in Egloshaile, 46, 210 Pawton, Man. 188 Pederwen, 82, 83 Pelynt, Par. 190, 191 Pcnbugel, 47 n, 83, 153, 165-

167 Pencarrek, 172 PenciuTow, 13, 14, 15; Man.

177 Pendayy. Man. 26 n, 28, 28 7i,

31, 32, 36«,37m, 39, 56»,

212 Pendeunis Castle, 66, 121,

203 Penelev, 158 Pengel'ly, 210 Penhal,'l62, 181 Penhallyn, Man. 229 Penhargard, 7, 13, 14, 16,

126, 166, 188 Peukcrne, 182 Pencjuite, 5 Penrose, 76 Pensti"adow, 172 Peuviane, Man. 212 Penzance, 8, 77, 103, 223 Peranzabuloe, Par. 103 Pctrocks, St. 2 Phillack, Par. 227, 232 Pider, Hund. 26, 28, 39 Pinchla Park, 125 Plympton, 54 Polgurtes, 32 Polhormon, 214 Polrode, man. 23 Polscoth, 153 PolwjTi, 224, 235 Pontaboy, Man. 93 Porthvllv, 182 Poulsfon Bridge, 122, 17» Pouudstock, Par. 229 Primeval Antiiiuities, 13-16 Probus, Par. 154 Pryscote, 157

Quethiock, Par. 91, 207

Rannlcdek, Man. 28 Kcilderch, 26 « Redruth, 227, 229, 232 Respletha, Man. 223 Resprjn, 192 Retail ick, 205 Retergbe, Man. 36 n, 39 Rewne, 37 n

Rialton, Man. 23, 28,33,36 71,

37, 37 «, 39, 198 Roche, Par. 76, 185 Rosavylyn, 182 Roseuiordo, 173 Rosemullin, 76, 185 Rosenithon, Man. 214 Rosewellin, 165 Rosewyn, 182 Roskear, 167

Ruan Lanihome, Par. 218 Rusuylyn, 28 Ruthen, 4, 182

Saltash, 3, 122

Saucreed, Par. 235

Scarlet's Well, 156, 168, 179

Sedgemoor, 123 »

Senuen, Par. 103, 103 ?j

Sithney Par. 154, 222, 232

Skisdon, 200

Sonecote, 157

Southill, Par. 154

South Pethenvin, Par. 103,

188 Stokeclymsland, 201 Stokeleigh, 173, 178 Stowe, 33 Stratton, 3, 121, 20O

Talcarne, 182 Taunton, 181 Teath, St. Par. 82, 83, 169,

188, 195, 196 Temple, 223, 229 Thomas, St. Chapel, 34, 34 n,

75 Thynnewood, 137 Tintagel, Par. 23, 24, 39 Tolkerue, JIan. 153 Tonacombe, 214, 215,244 Totnes, 153, 181, 185 Treburthell, 158 Trebm-thck. 182 Trecarrell, Man. 23 Tredenes, 173 Trefclloc, 109 Trefreake, 210 Ti'egamcthan, Man. 149 Tregannick, 210 Tregaradoc, 109 Tregareu, 183 Tregasewyth, 166 Tregear, 14, 15, 16 Tregenna, 223 Treglast, Man. 173 Tregligh, 1.53 Treglothnow, 182 Treglyne, 182 Treglynneck, 182 Tregonan, Man. 24 Tregonow, 182 Tregony, 182, 219, 244 Tregothnan, 25 Tregrehan, 230, 235 Treguutulyau, 29 Tregwellan, 153 Trehudreth, Man. 161, 172.

174. 175 Trehunsey, 91, 207

INDEX TO PLACES, ETC.

253

Trekilleik, 153 Trekvowc, 83 Trelav, 173 TreliU, Man. 23 Trelogett, 188 Trelowarren, 207, 208 Treloy, Man. 23 Tremaile, 165 Tremayne, 205 Tremadilick, 223 Trembeth, 182 Tremeal, Man. 23 Tremore, Man. 21 Tremur, 182 Trenake, 190, 191 Trenarlet, 185 Trcnay, 191 Treneage, 154 Treneithan, 180 Trenewith. Man. 21, 39 Treugoffe, 2-t n Trenhale, Man. 21

Trcniwick, Man. 21 Trenoath, 182, 208 Treros, Man. 160 Tresaghar, Man. 1 53 Trescau, 47 » Trescott, 76, 213 Tresonger, 182 Tie.swithan, 226, 232 Trethai-rappe, 37 « Trethew)', Man. 149 Trethnrfe, 217 Trevarno, 222 Trevasnidith, 162, 181 Trevcar, 182 Trevelver, 212, 243 Ti-evemot, 109 Trevenie, Man. 173 Treverowe, 182 Trevinnick, 193 Trevisa, 217 Trevranek, 173 Trevyan, 182

Trewardale, 11, 102, 223, 229, 229 », 230, 231,232, 235

Trewassa, 173

Ti-eweeu, 188

Trewen, Par. 103 », 218

Treweythek, 162, 182

Trewigget in St. Kew, 195

Treworgan, 227, 228, 231

Treworgy, 173

Treworuan, Man. 173

Trewethek, 182

Trewyhelek, 29

Treyan, 159

Trevthon, 159

Trigg, Hund. 169, 185

Trivia, 19

Traro, 3, 107, 123, 207, 223

Truthan, 226 «., 229, 234

T)T\ardreth, 225

Tywarnhayle, Man, 23

Ugbrooke, 214

Veep, St. Par. 71 Vymme, 30

Wadoliridge, 54, 122

Wark'gLian, Par. 74, 174

Waterlaud, 157

Ween, 182

Weuford Bridge, 4

Wenn, St. Par. 24, 154, 203

West, Hund. 177

Wiunow, St. Par. 10S;i, 153,

192, 193 Withiel, Man. 24, 26, 36 «,

37 II, 39, 169 Withiel, Par. 1, 24, 82, 33, 36 Whitley, 83, 161, 210 AVoodley, 229 Worthevale, 158

Zenzenzy, 182

3 T

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