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HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A.

HARVARD ECONOMIC STUDIES

PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

VOL. XVIII

THE EARLY
ENGLISH CUSTOMS SYSTEM

A DOCUMENTARY STUDY OF THE INSTITUTIONAL

AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

FROM THE THIRTEENTH TO THE

SIXTEENTH CENTURY

NORMAN SCOTT BRIEN ^RAS, Ph.D.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN CLARK COLLEGE
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN CLARK UNIVERSITY

CAMBRIDGE
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD

OzKSD Umviismr Pun

1918

■V

257740

TO
MY WIFE

PREFACE

While studying the deveiopment of early English marketing, as
illustrated by the corn trade, I came to appreciate the value of the
customs accounts as sources for the study of the economic history
of England. At the same time a new and later series of these
accounts was discovered at the Public Record Office and thrown
open for general use* I was the first privileged to utilize these
documents which proved as important for the later period as the
older ones had for the early period.

Most of this book is given up to the documents of the customs
which are for the most part published in full and in the original
language, Latin, French, or English, with introductory comments.
One chapter is devoted to the general character of these docu-
ments; another to the economic material which they contain.
Brief studies are made of foreign commerce, interurban trade,
medieval industry» and town and national economy. While the
first part of the book is devoted to an exposition of the histor}- of
the customs for those who have no time to read the documents
themselves, the second part provides those specially interested
with materials for further study.

In the preparation of this book I have received help from many
persons. Mr, Hubert Hal! was most generous in putting at my
disposal his knowledge of the manuscript sources. In the inter-
pretation of these, his help was frequently sought and always
readOy given. To Mr. Henr>^ Alton of the London Customhouse,
I owe access to manuscript and printed materials. Dr. J. Horace
Round has made suggestions and given encouragement. Munici-
palities, such as Lynn, Yarmouth, Ipswich, and the City of
London, have thrown open their archives. The officials of both
the British Museum and the Public Record Office, especially
Mr. J, Hilary Jenkinson, have been of inestimable aid in the early
stages of research.

VIU PREFACE

In America the librarians of Clark and Harvard Universities
have made as accessible as possible the books in their charge. In
the reading of proof Dr. W. E. Lunt of Haverford College and
Dr. J. F. Baldwin of Vassar College have given most generously
of their time and special knowledge of the documents of the
period. Similarly Dr. H. L. Gray of Bryn Mawr, Dr. W. F.
Tamblyn of the Western University, and Mr. L. A. Ames and
Dr. L. H. Dodd of Clark College, have helped in the reading of
the proof of the first part of the work.

To Professor Leo Wiener of Harvard University, I owe many
stimulating suggestions and a good deal of valuable philological
information. To Professor Charles H. Haskins who read the
manuscript of Part I, I am indebted for critical revision of many
points and suggestions as to Continental analogies.

Without the friendly interest of Professor F. W. Taussig and
of a benefactor who must remain unnamed, this work might never
have passed its initial stages.

But to Professor Edwin F. Gay I am most indebted. It was
with his encouragement that the task was imdertaken, with his
help that it was continued, and under his critical oversight that
it was brought to a close. To his scholarship I owe a lasting debt
of gratitude.

Had it not been for the help of my wife, whose care and knowl-
edge have throughout been at my disposal, the book would not
have appeared at this time, perhaps never, certainly not as it
now stands.

N. S. B. G.
Clask College and Class University,
Worcester, Mass., ii April, 19 18.

CONTENTS

PART I
Introduction

CHAPTER I
The Institutional History of the Customs up to 1275

PAGB

1. Review of the literature of the history of the customs 3

2. Ongin of the customs 13

3. The local customs 21

4. The semi-national ciistoms 27

(a) Lastage 28

(b) Scavage 33

(d) Wine prise 37

5. The national customs system of King John 48

6. The new aid of 1266 S3

CHAPTER II

The Institutional History of the Customs, i 275-1 558

7. The ancient custom of 1275 59

8. The new custom of 1303 66

9. The cloth custom of 1347 72

10. Great custom and petty custom 73

11. The subsidies 77

12. The consolidation of the customs 85

13. Impositions 89

14. Customs officials 94

15. The institutional side of history 100

CHAPTER ni
The Economic History of the Customs

16. Geographical and economic distribution of the ports 104

17. Exports 106

18. Imports 108

19. Merchants and shipping no

X œSTENTS

20. Industry 115

21. Local eocmomy 119

22. Market prices and customs valuation: the book of ntes . ... 121

23. Principles of customs taxation 1 29

24. National regulation 134

25. National economy 138

CHAPTER W

iNTEODCCnON TO THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CUSTOMS

26. Documents of the customs 140

27. Rules of transcription adopted 146

PART n

Documents with Commxints

CHAPTER V

The Local Customs

1 1. The Billingsgate toUs of London, eleventh century 153

I 2. An inquisition showing the system of local customs at Torksey,

1228 15s

1 3. A list of local customs due in the port of Ipswich (?), 1303 (?) . . 159

1 4. A list of local customs due at Berwick-on-Tweed, 17 November,

1303 164

I 5. An account of k>cal customs collected in the port of Sandwich,

29 September-8 December, 1304 167

f 6. An account of quayage collected at Scarborough, July, 1321 . . 172
I 7. An account of the local customs of Southampton and adjacent

ports, 29 September, i34r-29 September, 1342 174

1 8. An account of murage collected at Great Yarmouth, 3 August,
1342-2 August, 1343 176

1 9. An account of k>cal customs collected in an unknown port (Sand-
wich 7), without date 177

I zo. An account of kxral customs collected in an unknown port (Sand-
wich 7), without date 185

f zi. A list of town customs due at Dunwich, probably late fifteenth

century 192

I z 2. An account of petty customs and other dues collected in the port

of Sandwich, 28 January, 1524-24 December, 1530 ..... 194

1 13. A summary account of various local dues collected at Sandwich,

37 November, ZS43-31 October, 1544 198

CONTENTS

CHAPTER VI

The Semi-national Customs

{14. A summary account of the recta prisa of wines in various ports

of England, iQ September, 1290-28 September, 12QI 200

1 15. An account of lastagc collected in the port of Sandwich^ 29
September, 1299-28 September, 1300 205

1 16. An account of kstage collected in the port of Sandwich, 29
September-8 December, 1304 206

( 17. An inquisition giving the rates of lastage in the port of Skirbeck

(Boston), 8 September, 1323 207

( 18. Reasons why the wine customs and prisage have diminishedj 23

Febniary, 1330 210

1 19, A list of duties, probably scavage, due in the port of London (?),

fifteenth century 212

CHAPTER VII

The National Customs System of King John

§20. The Winchester assize of customs, 4 Juee, 1203 217

I 21, A summary account of the quindaima, or fifteenth, of King
John for practically all of England, 20 July» 1203-29 November,

1205 221

CHAPTER Vni
The Ancient Custom op 1275

f 32. The grant of the custom on wool, woolfells, and hides exported

from England, Wales, or Ireland, May, 1275 223

{ 23. An account of the custom collected on wool^ woolfells, and hides

exported from HulJ, 27 June, 1275-27 April, 1276 224

§ 24, An account of the custom on wool, woolfells, and hides, collected

in the port of London, 6 May, 1288-18 May, 12S9 245

S z^. An accoimt of the custom on wool, woolfells, and hides exported

from Bristolfaa April, 129 1]"! 5 April, 1292] , . 246

( 26. Ab accoimt of the custom on wool, woolfells, and hides, collected

in the port of Bristol, 29 September, 1321-28 September, 1322, 247

I 27. An account of the ancient custom and an increment of the same,
on wool» woolfells, and hides exported from various ports along
the coast from Weymouth to Plymouth, 3 February, 1323-39
April, 1324 . , 250

{ 28. Two accounts of the ancient custom on wool, woolfells, and hides
exported from Weymouth, Plymouth, etc., 30 April, 1324-25
May, 1326 . 254

CONTENTS

CHAPTER IX

The New Custom of 1303

I 29. The charter of liberties granted to foreign merchants which
established the oew custom on all goods exported or imported by
aliens» i February, 1303 . 257

§ 30. A summary account of the new custom on wool, woolfells, and
hides; cbth and wax; and goods subject to the poundage; ex-
ported or imported by aliens, Ipswich, 10 February, 1303-31
March, 1304 . , . 264

(31. An account of the new custom on cloth, wax and goods subject
to the poundage, imported or exported by aliens at the port of
Sandwich, 10 Febniary-4 May, 1303 267

1 32. An account of the new custom on cloth and general merchandise
exported by aliens from Boston, 10 Febmary-2S September, 1303 273

1 33. An account of the new custom on cloth, wax, and general mer-
chandise imported by aliens, Boston^ 12 February-28 September,
1303 . . , . 288

§ 34. An account of the new custom on goods exported or imported by
aUens, collected in the port of Sandwich (and members), 29
September, 1304-28 September, 1305 ....,,,.,., 302

J 35, An account of the new custom on wool, woolfells, and hides;
cloth and wax; and goods subject to the poundage; paid by
aliens on exports and imports, Bristol, 7 April, 1303-129 March],

130Ç ^ ^ — ^ 346

S 36. An account of the new custom on wax and goods subject to the
poundage, exported or imported by aliens, Southampton, 28
October, 1308-17 August, 1309 . 360

J 37. An account of the new custom on cloth, w^ax, wine, and goods
subject to the poundage, imported by aliens at Lynn, 29 Septem-
ber, 1324-28 September, 1325 ....,., 374

S 38. An account of the new custom on wool, woolfells, and hides;
cbth and wax; and wares subject to the poundage; exported
or imported by ahens, Chichester, 28 October, i^i^-iS Septem-
ber, 1324 393

i 39. Four accounts of the new custom on goods exported or imported
by aliens, collected in ports of southwestern England, beginning
30 April, 1324 . . 394

i 40. An account of receipts and expenses of the new custom on wine
imported by aliens at various ports, 20 April, 1327-28 Septem-
ber, 1328 399

1 41. An account of the new custom on wool, woolfells, and hides ex-
ported by aliens, Southampton, 18 December, 1330-15 March,
1331 . 409

J 42,- An account of the new custom of 3d. per £ on general merchan-
dise imported by aliens, Southampton, 18 December, 1330-15
March, 1331 411

CONTENTS

CHAPTER X
The Cloth Custom of 1347

1 45. An account of the custom on cloth exported from English ports

by aliens and denizens, 2g September, 134S-28 September, 1349 414

f 44. An account of the custom on cloth exported from English ports

by aliens and denizens» 2q September, 1349-28 September, 1350 427

CHAPTER XI

The Petty Custom

An account of the petty custom on wax and goods subject to the
poundage, imported or exported by aliens, and on cloth ex-
ported by aliens and denizens, L3mn, 12 February, 13^6-16

February, 13Q7 . . , . , 435

An account (controller's) of the petty custom on cloth exported
by denizens, and on general merchandise exported or imported
by Hanse merchants or other aliens, London, 29 September,
1420-28 September, 1421 452

CHAPTER XII
The Subsidies

1 45*

§46.

§47.

1 48.

149-

»51^

An account of the subsidy on wool, woolfells, and hides, col-
lected in the port of Boston, 1 August, i2Çk4-i3 May, 1295 , , -
An account of a subsidy or an increment of the ancien I custom,
on wool, woolfells, and hides, collected at Bristol, 24 June-28

September, 1322

An account of a subsidy on wooi exported, and on general mer-
chandise exported or imported, Exeter, beginning iS March, 1347

I so. An account (controller's) of a subsidy on w^ine imported and a
poundage subsidy on general merchandise exported by aliens and

denizens, Lynn, 22 February, 1392-5 February, 1393

An account of a subsidy on wine imported and on general mer-
chandise imported or exported, L>^n, 22 August-5 November,
1402 .

S 52. An account (controller's) of a subsidy on general merchandise
imported by aliens or exported by aliens and denizens, London,
21 April'-23 June, 1509 560

CHAPTER XIII
The Customs and Subsidy on Wool, Woolfells, and Hidds

Î 53. An account of the customs and subsidy on wool, woolfells, and
hides exported by aliens and denizens, Lynn, 29 September,
1381-28 September, 1382 595

J 54. An account of the customs and subsidy on wool, woolfells, and
hides exported by aliens and denizens, London, 29 September,
1462-15 July, 1463 . 601

S16

520

521

526

sss

XIV CONTENTS

CHAPTER XIV

The Custom and Subsidy on all Goods, except Wool,
woolfells, and hides

§ 55. An account of the custom and subsidy on all goods, except wool,
woolfells, and hides, exported or imported by denizens and
Hanseatic merchants or other aliens, Lynn, 2 November, 1466-
I November, 1467 606

I 56. An account of the custom and subsidy on all goods, except wool,
woolfells, and hides, exported or imported by aliens and denizens,
Lynn, 29 September, 1549-13 June, 1550 624

CHAPTER XV

The Customs and Subsidies

§ 57. An account of the customs and subsidies on all goods exported or
imported, Southampton, 29 September, 1443-28 September,
1444 634

§ 58. An account of the customs and subsidies on all goods exported
or imported by denizens and Hanseatic merchants or other aliens,
Lynn, 29 September, 1503-28 September, 1504 646

APPENDICES

A. An account of money and goods seized by a searcher in the port of
London, 29 September, 1409-26 January, 141 2 687

B, A survey of the customs at the end of the fifteenth century . . . 690

C. A book of rates, 15 July, 1507 694

D, An account of goods shipped coastwise from Lynn, 29 September,
1549-13 June, 1550 707

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Manuscript sources 711

Printed books 711

SCHEDULES

Schedule showing the Development of the Customs 86

Schedule showing Analysis of the Customs 90

PART I
INTRODUCTION

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS
SYSTEM •

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I

THE INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE
CUSTOMS UP TO 127s

I . Renew a/ the lileraiure of the history of the customs. This book
is primarily a study of the documents of the early English customs,
which are presented in considerable numbers and are left to tell
the details of their story. It is expected that they may prove the
first step in the rewriting of the history of the English customs.

Many of the new points of view that have emerged from a
fresh study of the customs documents are presented in this intro-
ductory part of the book. The first two chapters deal with the
development of the customs system as an institution; the third
with the economic aspects of the system; and the fourth with
the documents to which every investigator must go for a com-
plete picture of the subject- It is believed that in these four
chapters most, if not all, of the larger issues and cardinal facts
are dealt with.

Before proceeding to the details of the development of the
customs it will be well to outline the attempts that have been
made from time to time to deal historically with the subject.
Only a few of the authorities need be considered ; but these few
are probably the most important» Those not included are to be
found in the list of books appended to this work.^

There exist many scattered oflScial documents throwing light
on the customs; and there are occasional surveys of the existing
* Sec below, pp. 710-720.

4 Tpir.'BÂRLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

customs S3^têÂ«'Tiotably of 1301 ' and of the end of the fifteenth
centuryi'^.tjiere are also a few early legal cases concerning the
custobte âtich as those of the years 1538 ' and 1559; * but Bate's
(à%e in 1606, the earliest to arouse much attention, was the first
*-.%lcc&ion to leave behind any great amount of evidence or argu-
**î(hent. The views of Chief Baron Fleming and Baron Clark of
the exchequer have been printed in the generally accessible State
Trials.* In 1610 the case was reviewed in parliament. Here
Bacon, the king's solicitor, argued on behalf of the king's right to
impose customs, while HakewiU and Whitelocke,* members of the
House of Commons, presented the case for parliaments The
royalist side was inclined to emphasize the history of the customs
during the reigns of the three Edwards and of the late Tudors,
while the parliamentary advocates stressed the period from
Richard II to Mary. But the two presentations taken together
provide us with a general, though of course not complete, sur-
vey.* Hakewill's speech is probably our earliest historical work
on the customs. The materials were compiled from search among
'' the ancient custome books of those times remaining in the
Exchequer." It is only mildly partisan.

Sir John Davies wrote what is probably the earliest extant
treatise on the history of the customs originally intended for
publication. While Attorney-General for Ireland under James I,
his attention was called to the English customs.* Later he was

^ Adam Champeneys, Consuetudines el Usus Ville Sandwici, Printed in Boys'
History of Sandwich, pp. 539-540.

* See below, pp. 690-693.

» Dyer, Les Reports, etc., ed. of 1688, p. 43b (Mich., 30 Hen. VIII).

* Ibid., pp. 165-166 (Hill., I Eliz.).

* Edited by Howell, ii, pp. 382-394. The cases mentioned in the text obviously
do not exhaust the list. In 1614 the case of the King and Waller v. Hanger was
decided. The issue was the prise of wines. Three earlier cases on the same subject
were cited, belonging to the years 6 Ed. Ill, 4 Hen. VI, and 43 Eliz. See The Third
Part of the Reports of Edward Bulstrode (1659), pp. 1-26, especially, pp. 9-10.

* Not Yelverton as was formerly believed. See Gardiner, History of England
from the Accasion of James I to the Outhreah of the Civil War, 1603-42, ii, p. 77 n.

' State Trials, ii, pp. 395-520.

* See below, [>p. 89 f.

* See his Reports des Cases , , , en Ireland (1674), pp. 7a-i7b, for an account
of the customs case of the King v. Waterford.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 127$ %

chosen Chief Justice by Charles I, though he died before donning
the robes of ofhce. Besides poetry and a discourse on Ireland, he
wrote the essay on the customs with which we are concerned» an
essay over a hundred pages in length, printed posthuinousl> I'
His first and last word is that the customs originated in the rôya!
prerogative, rather than in a parliamentary grant- He outlines
the histor>' of the customs from Edward I to his own times, con-
cluding with arguments in favor of impositions. There is a certain
breadth of view that we welcome, a consideration of Roman law
and contemporary Continental conditions, more useful» however,
for other studies than for the one in hand. Of some service as a
convenient compilation, it contains few arguments not found
expressed in 1606 and 1610. But, although it is neither reliable
in its statement of facts ^ nor cogent in its reasonings it still
remains of interest to us today because of its extreme champion-
ship of the royalist contention and because it had some influence
in the formation of the views of succeeding writers.

Not long after the death of Davies, Sir Edward Coke finished
Ttm Second Pari of the Insiituks of Ihe Lawes of England.^ When
commenting on the thirtieth chapter of Magna Caria he dealt
with the history of the customs, using chiefly such original sources
as the Rolls oj Parliameni^ the Charier Rolls^ and the Originalia
as well as Glanville, Fkia, Fortescue, and Dyer. Coke made no
very careful or exhaustive study of the customs,* but the popu-
larity of his works made his views T-videly known. He minimizes
the part played by the crown and exaggerates the influence of
parliament^ notably when he holds that the consuetudin^s of

' The Question concerning ImposiiiôHs, Tonnagef Poundage, PritagCf CustomSf etc.
Dedicated tD James L Printed, 1656.

' For example in the statement that English wool paid one duty on leaving
England^ another on arrii^al at Calais, and a iMrd on exportation from Calais. The
\ Question concerning ImffOsiiianSt p. 46.

' Edition of 1642, pp. 57-63.

* Like Davies, Coke was called upon In his official capacities to review the history
kpt the customs; but while Davies made subsequent study of the subject, Coke
probably did not.

See the case of the King and Waller r. Hanger, Hillary tenn, 12 Jac. T» printed
in The Third Part of the Reports of Edward Bulstrode (i6sg), pp, ï-26. Cokc*3
opinion is found on pp, 20-26.

X^tr.diRLY ENGLÏSH CUSTOMS

Magna Carldhl^r to ^* subsidies graunted by authority of Parlia-
ment " ^^^àlsOj apparently through a misreading of Dyer, that
the d6th;custom of 1347 was granted by parliament.^ It is per-
haps kîthin bounds to say that Coke was not so much comment-
.•/4ng>on the section in Magna Caria as making out a lawyer's
'/C'Case against the impositions of James I.

In the early part of the reign of Charles II, Sir Matthew Hale
(1609- 1 6 76), Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, wrote the best
short history of the early English customs now in existence, one
of those seventeenth-century treatises filled with documentary
e\idence, able comment, and impartial treatment. Although his
De Fortibus Maris ^ contains some information of value, it is Ms
^* legal history of the king's eus tomes " entitled Concerning the
Customs of Goods imported and exported ^ that constitutes his chief
title to consideration. Even a cursory examination of the work
shows the wide range of sources used by the author. No subse-
quent writer used more, and most writers not so many. This is
the more remarkable when we remember that practically none of
the official documents were at the time pubUshed. Even the
books of rates, the enrolled customs accoimts, and cockets were
examined carefully in places, I have seen no indication, however,
of his ever having used the particulars of accounts. Hale had two
great advantages* On the one hand the case of impositions and
the work of Davies and Coke were at his disposal; on the other,
he was in command of all the documentary sources of the excheq-
uer. With Coke he was quite familiar, but fortunately with
Coke's scanty evidence he was entirely dissatisfied.

It is not at alJ difficult to criticise Hale, but most of the flaws in
his work are of minor importance. There is a lack of adequate
treatment for the period from Edward IV to Edward VI. The
bad punctuation of some of the Latin documents * is notable. His
copy of the Carta Mercatoria, too, contains many inaccuracies.'
A much more serious criticism is that the historical account is not

' See below, pp. 73-73,

• A Coikction of Tracts rdative to the Law of Engtottd, etc., i (ed. Haigrave),

• Ibid. y pp. 115-248.

• Concerning the Customs, pp. 143, 169. * Ibid,, pp. 157-160.

INSTÎTUTIONAL SISTORY UP TO 1275 f

so acceptable as the legal analysis. At tunes Hale took early
theories of conditions for facts of development. And, as we might
expect, he injected into the distant past not only the legal but the
constitutional and economic organization of his own day: In
other words, he was not aware that local economy preceded
national economy. And it should be said, too, not so much in
criticism as in warning to his readers, that Hale at times allowed
himself the privilege of conjecture. He distinguished between a
guess and a fact and doubtless expected as much from others.

It was Hale's good fortune to write after the constitutional con-
troversy over the customs had been settled. He could, therefore,
steer a middle course between Bacon and Hakewill^ Da vies and
Coke. Not only his time but his inclination made Mm an impar-
tial judge. A royalist in politics and a puritan in religion, he was
tolerant and moderate in his views of the development of the
customs. He believed that some of the customs had grown up by
common law, notably the prise of wines; some by prerogative,
such as the cloth custom of 1347; some by contract, such as the
new custom of 1303; and some by parliamentary grant, such as
the ancient custom of 1275. In short, Hale gives us both sides in
a noncommittal way. His is no ex parte statement. At times,
however, he displays his Restoration sympathies, as for instance
when he says that ** a proclamation was too feeble a bottom for a
business of this importance to commerce and the king's customs;
and therefore an act of parliament was made for the settling of
the staples." * Whatever Hale may have thought about partic-
ular acts of the executive or legislature, he made a distinction of
first-rate importance when he difierentiated local from national
customs. It is, of course, a matter of question how far the local
customs had grown up beyond and apart from royal direction.

If there is any work on the EngEsh customs worth reprinting,

it is Hale^s. It is a monument of learning and patient research,

typical of the best of his century. One carmot help raising the

question whether Hale, in common with his contemporaries,

► reacted against the Renaissance type of history, making it more

|technical, basing his statements on the best authorities^ using

' De Foriihus MariSf p. 100,

THE EARLY ENGL! SB CUSTOMS

less rhetoric, and therefore producmg a more accurate narrative;
or whether he was simply following the method of the lawyer
searching for authentic precedents, but working with greater care
and impartiality than the partisan Cowel or Coke. It is hard to
avoid associating the names of three historical investigators,
Hale, R>Tner, and Madox, all of service to the student of the
customs, and all having marked characteristics in common.

In the eighteenth century, besides a number of books more or
less useful, such as those of Crouch, Saxby, Cunningham, and
Baldwin, we find general treatises containing some material of
value, such as the works of Gilbert and Sinclair and the above-
mentioned Madox.

Madox, writing in 1708, devoted one chapter of twenty-two
pages to the " Revenue arising by Customes." ' Using only
original sources, he covered chiefly the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries. He dealt primarily with the prise of wines, the fifteenth
of King John, and the customs of London. As a mere repository
of facts this chapter has value. From the standpoint of the his-
tory of the customs, howe^^e^, it is a real defect that he used only
exchequer documents, the important Assize of the Fifteenth, for
ins tance J being apparently overlooked. To this work Stubbs
owed something ^ and Hall evidently a great deal.

In the nineteenth centurj' two constitutional historians gave
some attention to the customs, Hallam and Stubbs, Hallam made
no very careful study of the subject, using for the most part the
obvious printed materials, and, as Hall has shown, misusing
the manuscript sources. He made a partisan statement of the
development of the customs but one which is in general true to
facts. Whether the crown was the originator of the customs, it
found in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries that its preroga-
tive in customs affairs was restricted by parliament,* This is the
gist of Hallam 's constitutional views, though he devotes most
space to the controversy of the reign of James I*

* The History and Antiquities of the Exchequer, i, ch. xviii,

* Sec Constitutional History of England, ii, p, 550,
' Ibid., \, pp. JOQ-510 (cd. 1892).

* For a further criticism of Hailam, see Hall, History cf the Custom-Revenue in
England, i, pp. ijo-133.

INSTITUTIONAL BISTORY UP TO 1275 9

Although Stubbs wrote nearly fifty years later than Hallam,
he had no additional primary authorities of importance except
the Rolls oj Parliament, which, however, he used with effect. In
studying Hale, Stubbs did well, though he sometimes followed
that author into error; but in the choice of original sources he
^was not so fortunate; for example, he always refers to a later
and inferior copy of the Caria Mercatoria,^ In speaking of
the same charter, he makes the point that it was given ** legal
sanction " in 1353.* This statement is based upon the mis-
reading of the document' and upon the failure to distinguish
an ordinance from an act of parliament. Although, in his
endeavor to present an accurate picture, Stubbs in later editions
made many corrections in his account of the history of the
customs, he never really mastered the subject. His Conslilu-
tional History, however, is a mine of information about the
granting of subsidies.

In 1876 Dowell published his Sketch* later expanded into a
Bistory ^ of taxation in England. A small part of the whole, and
this very scanty, is devoted to the customs. His treatment of the
subject is illustrated by his evidence for the view that customs
originated in ** arbitrary exactions.' ' He takes the reader up the
Rhine and dow^n the Danube, and leaves the impression that
by this excursion the truth of the proposition must be obv^ous-
The chief sources used, and these not to great advantage, are
Madox, Gilbert, and Stubbs, As a general compilation of ma-
terial concerning the history of taxes in England, Dowell's
work is useful because there is no better, but it would not de-
serve mention here w^ere it not for the fact that it has been
used by economic historians and others and has probably had
some influence in popularizing the prise theory of the origin of
the customs.

* ConsiUutionûl History of England (4lh éd.), iî, P* 553^ n. i and p. S53, n. 6. Set
below, p. 359, n. 2.

* /W., p. 553. Probably Halt b the source of Stubbs' error (Cf. Hale, C<m-
timing the Custonfs^ p. 166). See below, p. 71.

* 37 Ed. Ill, St. 2, cc. i^ 26, Statutes of the Realm ^ i, pp. 333, 342.

* SkelcA of the History of Taxes in England, i, to tbc Civil War, 1643.

* History of Taxalion and Tax^ in England , 4 vols.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Schanz published in 1881 his two volumes on English com-
merce, covering chiefly the period 1485-1547»* The second vol-
ume, which IS made up of statistics and documents, is of value for
the history of the customs, Schanz used the enrolled customs
accounts, Arnold's list of customs due at the end of the fifteenth
century, and the usual printed materials from the rolls of parlia-
ment, statutes, and letters patent. Though not primarily con-
cerned with the customs system, the author mastered more of its
intricacies than many who have dealt specially with it. It is
regrettable that this excellent book was published before the
mass of records became available at the Record Office, especially
the particulars of customs, which so competent a writer would
have utilized to advantage.

Since Hale, no one has made so searching a study of the customs
as Hall. Beginning not later than 1882 to write about the
customs,^ he has continued almost to the present to add to our
knowledge of customs sources.^ The merits of Hall's work are
numerous* His History is the fullest and most extensively docu-
mented study of the development of the customs. It stresses the
important question of the origin of the customs, emphasising that
part of the history before 1275, It differentiates local from na-
tional customs, though the relation is not made clear, as in the
case of Hale, It contains plenty of evidence on subjects of
economic importance. Like Hale's treatise, Hall's aims at an
historical description of the rise and progress of the customs,
rather than a partisan statement, such as both were familiar with
at the hands of others.

Although Hall made an impartial search for facts, he was
not so successful as was Hale, His antipathy to parliament,
especially the Puritan House of Commons, led him to take a
partisan position in the constitutional issue. He reacted too
strongly from HaDam's parliamentary sympathies. Happily he
reacted as strongly from Hallam's reliance upon meagre sources.
But unfortunately he spent too large a part of bis time on research

' Englische Handehpolitik gegen Ende des MiUdaiUrs^ 2 vob., iSSi. Supple-
mented by Williamson's Maritime Enterprise ^ Î48S-155S,
' See below, p. 11, n. 4. * See betow, p. 143 n.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 127s

among docimients and too little on generalization and composi-
tion. As some of the following pages illustrate, he did not really
assimilate his materials, a mistake common to such a plan.
The documents» bulking so large in the work, prove of too little
service to the investigator, because they are not exactly dated
and because they are presented in paraphrase* or in epitome.
Although it purports to extend to 1827, his book contains practi-
cally no information for the period subsequent to 1660. The
greatest lack in the work is probably the absence of information
from certain important documents such as the Winchester Assize
of 1203, the grant of 1275 written in French, and above all, the
particulars of customs accounts.^ After his book had been
written Hall did much to make the last-named documents
available.^ Of his efforts I am largely a legatee.

This is no place to state my disagreements with HalFs partic-
ular arguments and conclusions: they are to be found frequently
in the pages that follow, but one may perhaps be mentioned here.
Much of his work is vitiated, in my opinion, by the exaggerated
emphasis upon the theory that the national customs originated
in the king's practice of seizing goods for his own advantage.
According to the theory, this practice was systematized and
finally changed into a system of commuted money payments.

During the years 1882 and 1883 Round, one of the ablest
scholars in the field of early English history, crossed swords with
Hall on the subject of the customs.* They differed on many
points, neither having a monopoly of the truth, as both would
now probably admit. Round was wrong in holding that both
prisage and butlerage were exacted from aliens importing wine.
And Hall, perhaps influenced by Hakewillp Da vies, Hale, and
Crouch, was at first wrong in his conception of the nature of the
prise of wines. On the whole we may perhaps say that, while
Hall was better acquainted with the facts of the subject. Round
majiaged his arguments more satisfactorily.

* See bebw, p. 61, n. 2. ' See below, pp. 141-142- * See below, p. 143 n,

* The Aniiquary, v'l (1882), pp. 61-65» 157-161, 211-214, 230-231 (Hall) and
pp. 132-134, 377-278 (Round); vii (18S3), pp* 131-132, 230 (Hall)» 182-183
(Round).

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

bore different names, and although they may have had a later
parallel development, there is no apparent causal relation in that
development. Both began as instruments for the supply of the
sovereign's table, but, as is indicated below,' the wine prise
developed into a tax within the realm of England itself and was
not imported as such from Normandy. ■

In the case of Anglo-Gascon relations there is also some note- 1
worthy information, Edward Ij the founder of the great and
petty customs of England, knew Gascony at first hand, par-
ticularly Bordeaux, where great and petty customs were in
opera tion.= But these were collected on wine and were local or
urban, rather than provincial or national, and were, therefore, too
different from the Enghsh dues bearing the same names to
indicate relationship.

If evidence for the Anglo-Saxon period were available, we might
find that the town customs of England owed something to Con-
tinental models. Since these local customs are here regarded as the
prototypes of the English narional customs,* we should then have
a Continental influence of importance, but it would be indirect.

The question whether king or parliament was responsible for
the estabhshinent of the national customs need not detain us long.
Although Coke seems to have thought that parliament was the
source of the early English customs,* and although Stubbs
emphasizes the parliamentary grant of the ancient custom of 1 275
on wool, woolfells, and Wdes,^ there has never been a strong plea
made for parliament in this respect. Even Hakewill in the early
seventeenth century * and Hallam in the early nineteenth,^ both
friends of parliament, admitted the royal origin of the customs.

It has been conjectured either that the king^s right to collect a
custom was based on the one hand on the protection that he gave

» See pp. 41-42.

» MS., R. O-, K. R, Accounts, 158/^, 158/5, 158/10, 160/31 Calendar of PaUn$
Rolls, Hen. Ill, 1266-72, p. 455 (18 Aug-, 1270); RM^ gascms, i, p. 274 (38 Hen.

in).

' Sec below, pp. 26-37.

* The Secmid Part of the Instilules of ike Lowes of England {164a)» p. 58.

* Cmstiiutional History of England ^ ii, p. 551. ' State Trials, ii, p. 469.
^ Hallam, Constitulwnal History of England {té. 1892), i, p. 310,

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

to trade * or on the other hand on prerogative right to control
trade.* In the first case there is an exchange of services; in the
second there is no such exchange, only a permission given by
the king. Many have refused to decide between the two theories
or have accepted both of them.* It would seem that the funda-
mental matter was the simple prerogative backed by physical
force/ and that protection to trade came as a later consideration
when its advantages became obvious.

Granted that the king was more concerned with permission
than with protection, we have still the question of how he col-
lected the revenue for the permission, whether in the form of
goods themselves or money payments. This brings us face to
face with the theory of the prise. That the customs system took
its rise in prerogative prise is one of the oldest theories of the
origin of the customs, the most widely accepted * and the most
deeply intrenched. Hall has elaborated this theory more carefuUy
than anyone else. When it left his hands it seemed, though still
unproved, the nearest approach to a demonstrated fact. Jus4:
what suggested the thought to him I do not know, but he may
weU have obtained the idea from Bacon, Davies, Hale, and
Madox, writers with whom he was familiar, but who do not
always sharply define their points of view.

One of the most compact statements of the prise theory was
written by Hall for Traill's Social England: " ** The origin of the
royal prerogative herein [in trade] may perhaps be traced from

* Petty, A Trealise of Taxes and Contributions (1662), p. 35; Dowell, Hisiory of
Taxûiiûn and Taxes in England^ i, p. 82; OppcnheimerT Tkt Stattt p, 157.

* Bodin, Six Livres de la RépuMique, bk. vi, db. ii; Biicher, Industriai Evoluium^
p, 80; Hall, History of the Custom-Revenue in England ^ 1, p* 57; Stubbs, Tke Early
PUniaieneis (18^), p. 219.

' Cf, Blackstone following Dyer (Commentaries ^ i, p, jc^). Dowell, SkeUk of the
History of Taxes in England (1876), i, pp, 152-154. Medley» English ConsUtutionai
History^ p. 5 1 7»

* Cf. McKechnie» Magna Carta (ad éd.), p, 399 n.

* Tout, Edward /, p, 141; Stubbs^ ConsiitiUianai History of En gland ^ ii, p. 549,
n, 4; DoweJi, Sketch of the History of Taxes in England ^ i, pp. 153-154; Round, Tke
Antiquary ^ vi (1882), p. 133; Medley, Consliiuiionai History of England, p- 517;
Atton and Holland, The King's Custom^ i^ p. 4; Lip&on, An Introduction to tke
Economic History of England j i, p. 522.

* Vol. i, pp. 46^471.

l6 THE EARLY ENCUSH CUSTOMS

the tribal contributions in support of the kingly state, which
took the later forms of purveyance, preemption, prisage and
butlerage, dismes, and finally customs." In other words, the
sovereign as the heir to tribal rights seized or prised what goods
he needed; as time went on he commuted this right to a money
payment, such as a disme, or tenth on general merchandise,
just as he commuted the prise of wine to butlerage in the case
of aliens in 1303; and finally, these early duties were made
over by the three Edwards into the system lasting down to
modern times.

In favor of this view there is a good deal to be said. There are
three or four analogous circumstances worthy of consideration.'
The history of the duties on one commodity, wine, is a close
parallel. Ât first a seizure of an indefinite quantity of wine took
place for the king's use, which was later limited in amount, and
finally commuted into a money duty, at least for aliens.* At an
early date local tolls were frequently paid in goods rather than
in money.' Manorial customs were given in kind and later com-
muted to money payments. And then there is a theory, as yet
unproved, that the king established a centre within each hundred
to which his dues, customs, and taxes should be sent, payments
in kind rather than in cash.^

More important, perhaps, than these analogies are certain bits
of direct, though perhaps general, evidence. In the thirteenth
century we frequently find some statement about customs that
closes with the words, " except the due and ancient prises," • or
" except the ancient prises due and accustomed." • These seem
to indicate a general national system of prises summed up in
technical phraseology.

> Here I draw, not only from Hall's book but from all other materiab at my
command.

* See below, pp. 38-42.

* See below, pp. 19-20, 164-165. The payment of a farm in goods to the kml of a
town indicates a toll in kind.

« See my book, The EvoiuHon of the English Cam Market, p. 5, n. a, for a sUte-
ment of Miss £. B. Demarest*s unpublished thesis.

* Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol. 125&-66, p. 621 (1266); ibid,, voL 1266-
72, p. 223 (sMay, 1268).

' Canfirmatio Cartarum, 1297. Stubbs, Sdect Charters, pp. 495, 497.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

I
I

In the Pétition of the Barons in 1258 the desire is expressed
that the king should take no payment for prises in such a way
that the English merchants would be impoverished and alien
merchants prevented from importing their goods, to the great
înjury of the country.^ This possibility of a payment seems to
point to the theory of a w^de-spread acceptance of systematiza-
tion, perhaps even a definite money conmiutation of the prise.

But there are other considerations to be borne in mind that are
not favorable to the \dew. Foremost among these is the fact that
there is not a shred of positive documentary evidence, as yet dis-
covered, that the prise on foreign trade was ever systematized or
generally collected for any length of time, or commuted to a
definite money pa>Tnent. For the Anglo-Saxon period there is
confessedly ** no evidence/* ' The earliest examples lie within
the period from Henry II to Edward II, and are either orders to
provide various goods without further specification, or, where
information is definite, ** examples of purveyance pure and
simple.'* ' But there is one case deserving of especial attention.
In his brief s>Tiopsis of one part of a chamberlain's account of the
reign of Richard I,* Hall finds ** prises proper, or goods purveyed
and resold at a profit/' ^ These are three in number: wine, wool,
and com * * prises/* The wine prise is a well recognized levy and is
dealt with below.* In the original document nothing is really said,
however, about the wool in question being prise-wool/ In the
case of the corn, the word captus is used, which clearly indicates a
seizure of the goods themselves; ^ but elsewhere in the same
document, capture is made from ** the king^s enemies ** or because
of contravention of the king*s orders against exportation to

« Stubbs, Sekct Charters, p. 385.

' Hall, History of the Custom-Revenue in EngUindt ii, p. 61.

' /d*i., pp. 64H3Q,

^ Listed as to Ricbard I, but the particukr part of the account here dealt with
[covers the period 35 May, 1197-30 ApriJ, 119g. MS., R. O., Pipe Roll, No. 44,
I memb, t2b,

* Hall, ÏJ is tory 0/ the Custom-Revenue in England ^ ii^ p. 83.

* See pp. 37-4S»

' Et de £3cx de bina Willelmi de Bolonia vendita per visum Stephani Crassi et
Yvonis Clerici constabulani et Petri Bat. MS., R. O., Pipe Roll, No. 44, memb, lab.

* Et de £xiii et xiiiîs. et iiiîd. de bîado capto ab hominibus de Ria. ïhid.

1 8 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Flanders. It is probable that the men of Rye who had their com
seized by the king were guilty of this offence, in common with
the other men of the Cinque PortsJ The whole document speaks
unmistakably of war or strained foreign relations, of spoils from
capture, and fines for disobeying the regulations of a war period.
And consequently we are compelled to reject this evidence in
favor of the prise theory.

Under the caption " prise " is included, not only a regular
seizure of goods entering into the foreign trade, such as wine, but
purveyance of wares for the king's household. A good illustration
of it is found in the twelfth century. " Within the term of these
three tides, the sheriff and the king's chamberlain are to come to
the ship and, if there is a vessel of gold or silver of Solomon work,
or precious stones, or cloth of Constantinople or of Regensburg,
or fine linen, or coats of mail from Mainz, they shall take them for
the king's use, by the view and appraisal of the loyal merchants
of London and within a fortnight pay the money." * This docu-
ment illustrates purveyance, not a capture but an appraisement,
not a mere seizure but an official purchase. All the articles were
for the king's use.

The history of purveyance from the twelfth to the seventeenth
century is well known and needs no further comment here, except
that it was irregular' and sporadic, and was based upon the
household and military need of the king. Whether the goods
seized were paid for depended much upon circim[istances, though
legislation sought to safeguard the subject in this respect.

Many of the prises found in contemporary doounents are
dearly local prises, taken in fairs, markets, towns, and dties.*

' Madox, History and Antiquities of the EsckequtTf i, p. 565 n. (i John).

' A London Municipal Collection of the reign of King John, Bateson, Eng^isk
Historicoi Retiev, xvu^ i^. 496, 499 (date according to Bateson, ^'presmnably
older *' than Heniy II; according to HShlbaum, about 1130).

' One fonn of prise was regularly provided for, if not regularly levied: the prise
which the constable of a castle might take from the people who were not of the
town in which the castk was situated. 3 Ed. I, ch. 7. Staimies oftheRaUm^ i, p. 2S

("75).

* Infeng b explained as " (^te de prises en fcstes." Ezpositioncs Vocabulontm^
JM Bo^ of tke EKàeqmer, iii. p. 1035.

King Heniy III, in the ^oth >xar of his toga reserved for himself, when gianting

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

This was notably true of the case of 1258. The regular prise in
the local trade was either a tax (custuma mile) on local trade, paid
in kind, with which the crown was usually not directly concerned,
or a prise for the upkeep of a castle. Examples of the fonner class
are to be found in Sandwich,^ Lynn,^ Berwick,* and Chester/ and
of the latter in Worcester ^ and Bristol.* The prise of the second
class is further clearly set out for Newcastle,' and indeed was
regarded in 131 7 ® as a perfectly general right. But no matter how
far local customs may have serv^ed as an example and a model to
the sovereign in the erection of a national fiscal system, they are
not the same as national customs.

And accordingly we may infer that the references to " prises
due and accustomed '* and the like, have to do with purveyance,
the prise on wine imported, or the local prise.

Partly by way of conclusion and partly in anticipation of what
is to come, I include a schedule of prises as I have classified them*

the toDs of the fair of St. Ives, the prise there. '' Suivis nobis et heredibus nos tris
prisis in eisdcm " fnundinis Sancti Yvonis]. Ms,, Br. M., Cart. Had., 58, i (10).

The king also granted in the same year to a merchant of Douay : " quod negotiari
possit per totunr rcgnum Anglic faciendo rcctas el débitas consuetudine«$, ita quod
nulla prisa fiat ad opus regis de pannis suis ab instantibus nundinis Sancti Botulfi
anno etc. jxx usque in tii annos sequentes.*' MS., R* O., Patent RoUs, 30 Hen. Ill,
memb, 4, Cf. Hall^ History of the Custom-Rcvettue in Enj^iûndf îi, p« 86,

** De prisis domini regis nundinis et mercatis et civitatibus." Petition of the
Barons, 1258 (Stubbs, Sclent Charters, p. 376).

" And concerning Prises made in Fairs, and good Towns, and in Ports for the
King's great Wardrobe, the Takers shaU have their common Warrant under the
Great ScaJ." 28 Ed. I, ch. 2. SUHutes of the Realm, i, p, 137.

* MS,, R. O,, K. R. Customs, 157/1^ (Ed. I). Port somewhat uncertain but
somewhere on the cast coast near London.

* Gross, Giid Merchani^ ii, p, 157 (1335).

" MS., R. O., K. R, Customs, 193/3 (31 Ed. I),

* MS., Br. M., Harl., 2125, fol. 189 b [about 1560], a prise due **of ould tynjc,"

* Prise of beer. Calendar of Charter Rolhj Hen. Ill, i, p. 23 (1227).

* Prise of beer. Close Rolls, Hen. HI, voL 1227^31, p. 257 (1229).

' Although in 1229 it was held that the local prise (of herring coming by boat)
did not belong to the crown (Close Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol. 1227-31, p. 152), in 1290 it
was made clear that the king had, besides the recta prisa of wine, a prise of herring
and haddock. Rotuli Parliamenlorum^ i, p. 27a.

* No purveyance is to be made unless p>ayment is rendered, *' excepting the
ancient prises of the king in places where the king*s castles are situate according to
Magna Carta and the other prises due to the king." Calendar of Close Rolls , Ed. 11»
vol. 1313-18^ p. 584 (22 Nov.).

20 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

A. Purveyance from producers: '

I. Irregular:

(i) Use, provisions for the king's household.
(2) Abuse (a) by king's servants: resale for profit.
(b) by king's order: wool, etc., for resale.
II. R^ular: locaUy for provisioning castles.

B. Prise of merchants' goods:

I. Irr^ular: local and foreign trade not differentiated,
(i) Use (a) for wardrobe: wax, cloth, etc.

(b) forbutlery: wine, beyond the reda ^ma.
(2) Abuse (a) excessive amoimts, nonpayment, de-
lay of payment, imdervaluation, etc
(b) drawing the prise into a custom:

(a') for resale, (60 for money fine,
n. Regular: the ancient prises due and accustomed,
(i) Foreign trade, for butlery, prisa vinorum: *

(a) pre-recto, (6) recta,
(2) Local trade: fairs and towns.

There is one strong argument of a general character against the
prise theory. In order to systematize on a national basis the
taking of prises of wares imported and exported, the king would
have been compelled to establish a special civil service of collec-
tors, a large nmnber of warehouses on the coast (arsenals rather
than customhouses), and a corps of middlemen to sell the prises
which the king could not use. We know that it was Edward I
who instituted the service of collectors and controllers,' and we
are reasonably sure that no such great public ser\'ice as that
implied in taking prises and selling them was ever evolved. The
king's castle might need a regular prise on certain articles of local
trade, his butlery might be able to handle the regular inflow of
prise wines, his wardrobe might take care of goods now and again
purveyed from merchants or others, and his sheriffs and bailiffs
might with the help of merchants handle a large amount of wine

^ The antithcsb of producers and merchants is obviously more convenient than
iogicaL

* See below, pp. 37-47« * See below, p. 95.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

or wool seized to meet a great emergency; but that is aU, Al-
though much of the e\4dence, which is cumulative, is to be found
in the following pages, we may at this point write across the prise
theory these words: *^ wine, purveyance, garrisons, and emer-
gency," which are, as it seems, all inclusive.

We may conclude, then, that the English customs originated at
home, on the initiative of the king, through prerogative right» and
in money dues rather than in prises. A further question as to the
origin of the customs is whether the national system was modelled
after an existing organization. This we cannot answer with
certainty, but the view here taken is that the national customs
were founded upon a model, found not in the monastery, the
cathedral chapter, the royal household, or the manor, but in the
town. This conclusion has been reached through a study of
the early efforts of the kings to establish a customs system, pos-
sibly not antedating the Conquest, which bears the marks and
Influence of the system of the town. What the town system
was, we shall see in the next section; and what the early efforts
of the kings were, will appear in section 4.

3. The local customs. The subject of the local customs is con-
sidered here, not because of their intrinsic interest but because of
the view adopted in this book that they constituted the proto-
types of the national customs. They provide, in other words, the
background of the picture.

For the study of this subject there are, besides the usual na-
tional records, many local compilations of great importance, such
as the Liher Alhus and Liber Custumarum of London, and the
Consueludines et Usus Sandu%ci. The last named was used by
Hale in the composition of his treatise on the customs.*

Hale was the first writer, so far as I know, to give much atten-
tion to the local customs and to devote a whole treatise to the
subject of seaports.^ He approached the latter subject from the
national point of view, from the standpoint of foreign trade rather
than from that of local trade and general local development.
Nevertheless he was well aware of the resemblance of local con-

> Concerning the Cuslcms, p. 13J.

> De Formants Maris,

22 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

ditions in both coast and inland towns,^ and took special pains
elsewhere to differentiate local from national customs.* From thf
very fact that he coupled local with national customs we might at
first conclude that he made the development of the one depenci
upon that of the other; but just as Hall put his chapter on locai
customs not at the beginning but near the end of his second
volimie, so Hale when writing about the national system devoted
three chapters to it, then one to the local system, and the rest tc
the national system again. Neither writer recognized any close
connection between the two systems.

Although Hale did not realize what even the novice now knows,
that in economic and administrative organization the local ante-
dated the national, nevertheless he made a valuable contribution
to the subject of both. His analysis of rights in the seaports *
provides a good introduction to the subject of local dues.

I. Jus privatum:

1. Right of the lord or owner of the port to collect:

(a) Anchorage. (d) Keelage,

(ft) Ballastage. (e) Lestage.

(g) Others: average, primage, petty loading.

2. Right of those having propriety of the shore to collect:
(a) Towage. (e) Wharfage (keyage).
(ft) Moreage. (/) Housellage.

(d) Cranage. (A) Pesage.

(i) Measurage.

n. Jusregium: the right of the king to collect:
(a) [Prisage].*

(ft) " Great customs " on wool, woolfells, and hides.
ic) " Petty customs."

III. Jus publicum: the right of the public to trade without
undue impediments or exactions.

* De Porlibus Maris, p. 79. • De Portibus Maris, pp. 74 f .

* Concerning the Customs, p. 133. * Concerning the Customs,pp, ii6f., 140.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

Probably Hale did not know the precise meaning of some of
the dues which he classified, but that need not concern us at this
point. We are most interested in marking the fact that his anal-
ysis is that of the lawyer bent upon the rigid classification of the
stains quo that the law always demands, rather than of the stu-
dent of history who seeks to unfold to his own satisfaction the
course of historical development. It is with the latter purpose
in mind that I submit the following simple analysis, which,
however, is not intended to be complete.

L Local customs: '

Although these customs and tolls had much in common, as we
shaD see, they w^ere in some important respects different. The
ctisiuma mile was the general tax on bringing goods into the town
for sale or on taking them out. The main point is that it was
general and not special, as the phrase ciistuma ville indicates and
the accounts show." If this be the tolneium or cmisueiudo of the
early town charters, it is almost coeval with the town, while the
others may have been of later date7

It would be tempting to go beyond this and speculate as to the
differences in origin. We might infer that the cusiuma mile was
of local origin, confirmed by the crown at later dates, while the
special customs were of the nature of later imposts which the
towns made with or without the assent of the sovereign. Such
speculation only serves to show^ w^hat we do not know about local
dues. If we decide in favor of the hypothesis that the local

II. Special:

1. For a special privilege, e. g., anchorage,*

2. For a special service, e. g., quayage.*

3. For a special utility, e. g,, murage.®

* Sec also below, pp. 153-199* * See below, pp. 172, 173.

• Sec below, pp, 31, 32, 185. * See below, pp. 176-177.

• See the index uoder "aochoirage** and sedes navis.

* Sec bdow, pp. 185-IQI*

^ Cf., however, the Anglo-Saxon burkweaUes sceatinge in a charter granted to ihe
bishopric of Worcester (873-899). Cwiex Diplomaticus Aevi Sax&nici (Ketnble), v,
Imtov,

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

customs were of local origin, that they grew from the germînating
influence of a people's life and did not take their rise in the
directive force of an imperial law or royal decree, then we have to
face the question of the later y «5 publicum and yw^ privatum.
Since we are interested in the local customs as the models of the
national system we cannot fail to be concerned with what lies
beyond the local customs, though we cannot stop to enter the
difficult field of controversy over local origins so much beyond the
needs of the moment.

Later evidence, at least from the thirteenth to the seventeenth
centur>% indicates that town tolls, like markets and fairs, orig-
inated either in a charter or in prescription. These were well*
recognized pleas in answer to inquiries as well in the reign of
James I * as of Edward I.^ There are instances in plenty in
Domesday Book^ the Hundred Rolls,* and elsewhere, of new tolls
being set up. Indeed one of the heads of the royal inquest was
" levying new customs, whether in land or in water, who has
levied them and where," ^ And in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries, when inquiries instituted by government officials in-
dicate much national jealousy of local activities, the rates of the
town tolls were raised in great numbers,"

The significance of these facts is that there was a large measure
of local vitality that continued down to modern times. Whether
this is indicative of a survival of original local initiative and
creative power is, however, another matter. At any rate, and
this is just now important, there were two systems of customs,

* In 16 1 9 London replied to ihc inquiries of Oxford as follows: by %irtiie of
charter the citizens of London collect *' toUe and tallage and thoroughtoU," but it is
*' by anticnt prescription and not by force of any graunle ^' that the)' take wheelage,
MS., Guildhall, London, Journals of the Common Council, xxxi, foL 49 (5 June).

* See the qua itarranio proceedings listed in the First Report of ike Rayai Com-
mission on Rights and Tolls ^ i^ pp. 65 f,

« £. r., i, pp, J7S, 376.

* E. g,, i, pp, 63-^4, 339 b, 3S0 b, 293 b, 309.

■ Bracton. Dc Legibtis et Consueiiédinibus Angliat^ ii, p, 247.

* 22 Hen. VIII, ch. S* Statutes of the Realm, iii, pp. 325-326 (1530-31); Select
Cases . . . f n the Court of Star Chamber (Seldcn Soc.), pp. 120-121 {1517) and p. 35
(1533); Scbanz, Englischt Handelspoliiik gegen Endt des MiUdaUers^ îi, p. 263, elcj
MS., R, O., State Papers, Domestic, EUzabeUi, 8S/54 (16 Aug., 1616}.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO trrs

I
I

the local and the national, developing side by side at least since
the Conquest, and continuing down to the present day.^

The amount of manuscript material for the study of the local
customs now existing in such great repositories as the British
Museum, the Public Record Ofl&ce, and the Archives Nationales
is truly immense. And it is to be hoped that some day this
material will be utilized for a comparative study of the subject.
But since we are here interested in the local customs chiefly as a
background for the study of the national customs, we must be
content with a brief outline of their most important character-
istics. And whereas the origin of the local system is largely
speculative, the chief features of that system are unmistakably re-
corded in the documents of the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth
centuries.

The town customs were on local rather than on foreign trade.
No consideration was taken of the ultimate destination of wares;
it was enough that they were taken beyond the town walls for
sale. No attention was paid to the original place of production;
it was sufficient if they were brought into the town for sale.

The exemption of certain privileged persons from the necessity
of paying town customs was one of the main features of the
system. There were at least three important cases. The burgesses
or members of the gild merchant were exempt from payment of
the customs due in their own town.^ The burgesses of some special
towns, the recipients of royal grants, were exempt from paying
tolls in other towns within the realm.^ Or this might have been
brought about by inter-urban agreements.* The third case is the

* The Lynn and Yarmouth archives are parliailarly rich in documents on the
modern local customs.

» London, Hen. I (Stubbs, Sdtci Charters, p, 103); Leicester^ 1278 (Batcson,
Records of the Borough of Leicester, voL 1 105-1327, p, 1 71) ; Balkrd, Briiish Borough
'S, 1042-1216, pp. 180 f. CL St. Omer. 11J7 (Glry, Si. OmcTf p, 372),

* Dover, to66 {Domesday Book^ i, p. 1); London, Hen. I (Sliibbs, Sehci Charters ^
p. 103); Nottingham, 1189 (Stevenson, Records of the Borough of Nottingham, Î,
p. 9); Ipswich, 1200 (Gross, Gild Merchant y ii, p. 115).

In the reign of Henry I, Beveriey received exemption from tolls throughout
Vorkshifç* Gross, GUd Merchant, ii, p, 21,
See also, { 2^ p. 155,

* Marlborough and Southampton, 23 Hen. Ill (Gross, Gild Merchant, ii, pp. 173-
174); London and Winchester, 1304 {ibid,, p. 258); Salisbury and Southamptoû,

TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

exemption granted to religious organizations»' tenants on the
royal demesne/ or specially favored individuals.^ So great indeed
was the list of exemptions by the end of the twelfth century that
it was chiefly aliens, the poorer citizens of towns, and peasants,
who paid the town tolls.^ This practice of exempting individuals
and groups was at once the strength and the weakness of the local
system. It was the strength in so far as it created a powerful
force of privileged persons ready to support and perpetuate the
system. It was the weakness in so far as it reduced the revenues
arising from the tolls.

As the terms custuma ville, cusiuma de Sandwico, and the like,
would indicate, the town tolls constituted a decentralized sys-
tem. Local perhaps in origin, largely local in exemption, they
were also local in administration. Rates varied somewhat from
town to town, but not so much as might be expected. The
management was in local hands, vested in the bailifls and bur-
gesses of the town, or in some lord acting through a reeve or
personal representative.

Such then were the local dues, which, according to the thesis
of this book, should be correlated with the national customs.
Both were called '* customs," in Latin either consuetudo or
cusiuma,^ Both were on merchandise rather than on moveables
as such. Both show to some extent the gradual transition from

1330 (Ashley, Introduction to English Economk History and Theory, i, pt. 2, p. 45);
DuDwich EDd Hull, 37 Hen. VI (MS., Br. M., Add. Ch,, 40680). '

* The Bishop of Rochester, 734 (Hall^ A Formula Book of EngHsk o^dal kistoricoi
DoiumcniSf pt. i, p. 13); the monastery of Abingdon, Hen. II {Ckronicon Monastcrii
de Abingdon, ii, p. 218); the Templars. 1199 {RotuH Chartarum, i, pt. r, pp. 1-2);
Christchurch, Canterbury, 1279 (Calendar of Pattnt Rolh, Ed. \, vol. 1272-81,
p. 344). Cf, Keinble, Saxons in England^ ii, pp. 75*-76; Kcutgen, Utkunden tvr
stâdiiscktn Verjassungsgtschùikte, p. 50 (1149).

* Abbrevtatio Pladiorum^ p. 305 b (2 Ed. II); Sdut Cases , . . in ike Court ojikê
Star Chamber (Seïdcn Soc.), p. 121 {1517)' Cf. Vinogradoff, Villainage in England,
p. 92.

* Exempt in Sandwich in the thirteenth century: (n) those of the Cinque Ports
and their members, (b) those scot and lot of Canterbury, (c) as well as of London,
(d) the people of the archbishop of Canterbur)', (e) those of the Hundred of Milton»
(/) those of Battle, (g) St* .\lbans, (h) Antwerp, (») Gyncs (Guincs), and (j) Sir
Ingemm de Fyesnex. Boys, History of Sandwich, p, 440,

* See below, p. 153; also index under consuetudo.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

natural to money economy, in that both were at times levied in
kind/ though chiefly in specie. In both the local and the national
systems of customs there was a certain groyping of areas. For
example^ the mayor of Southampton farmed not only the tolls of
Southampton but also of Portsmouth and other ports near at
hand,* And the national arrangement was to make one seaport
the chief port of a long stretch of coast ^ including several member
ports, so that the former was called '' port '' and the latter
** ports adjacent " or *' members." ^

All these analogies, much as they may indicate, prove nothing.
It is evident that the resemblance of local and national systems
was great. We have now to see that there was an actual connec-
tion between the two, that local tolls were the prototypes of
national customs.

4. The stmi-national customs. The investigators of the history
of the customs have shown signs of uncertain tj^, and some have
exhibited strong tendencies to theorize, when they have come to
deal with the national customs system before 1275. This is
probably inevitable, for the material available for study is scant
in amount and general in character. Those who stress the part
played by the crown give most attention to this early chapter in
the history of the customs. Davies believed that the duties
before 1275 were the vectigaUa magna of which Strabo wrote, the
Magna Cusiuma of the Britons.* Hale, who made a ** strict
search '' for customs accounts antedating Edward I, and found
none, mentioned four kinds of customs: the prise of wine, a wine
custom of M. per tun, ** possibly and very probably " a poundage
on avoirdupois, and ^*the custom of goods exported, and therein
principaUy of woolls." * For the third of these there is no real
evidence, and for the fourth only faulty inference and a wrongly
dated statute. But the other two duties, I believe, are correctly
placed.

' See for example, below, S !♦ p* 154, above, p. 20, and index under ** prise."

* Davies, A History of Smtiham^tun, p. 225 (30 Ed. I).
' Sec below, p. 105.

* The Question concerning Impositions^ pp. 51-32.
' Concerning the Customs j pp. 142-143.

THE EARLY EFrGUSB CUSTOMS

Hall solved the difficulty by his elaborate theory of the prise,
already considered.* My own interpretation of the pre-Ed-
wardian system is that there were certain early customs on
exports and imports, imposed by the sovereign, which in the
course of time became assimilated to the local system, on which
they had been patterned, lost their national identity, and appear
but seldom in the surviving records. These are four in number
(a) lastage on exports, and on imports, (b) scavage, (c) wine
custom, and (d) wine prise. They may be called semi-national
customs because, as will appear, they were partly denationalized
by the dominating local economy of the day.

(a) Lastage, Some half dozen meanings of lastage have been
collected,^ three of which are of interest here. It has been defined
by lexicographers, medieval * and modern,* as well as by modern
historians * and editors of texts, as a '' custom exacted in fairs and
markets." • I have found, moreover, no clear example ' of such
a use in any contemporary records or accounts of fair dues; * and

* See above, pp. ii^ 15-21. * Ntw Oxford Dictionary^ s. v. ** Lastage/*

* Liber de Hyda^ p. 44; Eiposidones vocabuloram, Red Book of the Exchequer,
ui, p. 1033.

* Spclman {Glossarium^ ed, of 1687, p. 351) thought it a tax on ships but quotes
the N-iew given in our text; Du Cangc, s. v. *" Lasts^e."

* Introduction to the Study of the Pipe RoUs (Pipe RoU Soc), p. 85; Walford,
Fairs^ Past and Present^ p, 20,

* Thorpe, Ancit^U Laws and Institutes, iî, Glossary, quoting Bromton; GrosSi
GUd Merchant^ li, p. 409; Riley» Liber Custumarum, ii, p. 812. (" A custom exacted
Ld markets and fairs, for license to cany goods from place to place, in the fonn of a
package or last "); Aubrey in a note to his edition to Speed^s History and AniiquUy
af Souikampton, p. 237; Hudson and Tingey, Records of the City of Norunch, i, p. 1 2,

' Some such general statement as the following, taken from a roy^l charter
granted to nchester in 1204, raay be responsible for the original error of the asso-
ciation of lastage with fairs.

Et cum quietantia de passagio pontagto stallagio lestagio in nundmis et extra et
per onmes portus maris terrarum nosLrarum citra mare el ultra» Ballard, British
Borough Charters, 1042-1216, p. 190,

It is, of course, just as natural to associate the lastage with the ports of the sea
and the stallage with the fairs.

* Tolls at the fair of St. Giles, Winchester, 1 297-1298: gate tolls, magnum pondus,
tcrragium, bovagium, seldagium, entrance and other dues* MS., R. O,, Ecclesiasti-
cal Commission, Various, 27/159317. Cf. ibid., 23/159286 (129 2-1 293); MS*, R. O.,
K. R. Accounts, 507/2 (17 Ed. II). For St. Ives, see MS., Br. M., Cart. HarL, 58, i
(10), 30 Hen, HI; Gross, Law MercharU (Seldon Soc.)» i, pp- 1-107.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

I
I

at times in the records lastage is even set apart from and con-
trasted with the fair dues J Another meaning given to lastage is
ballastage, or a payment for the privilege of taking in ballast,*
That this was one of the uses of the term there is no doubt. But
the lastage of moment here was not a fair due, collected not
inland but ** along the seacoast,"^ a due paid by ships leaving
port * with cargoes of regular merchandise, not of ballast stones,
and paid not at a rate of so much per ton or per ship, but at a
specific rate on each article.^

The earliest occurrence of this lastage may be in the Chester
customs of the time of the Confessor.' In the Pipe Rolls it is often
found, as in 1130,' 1155-56, 1157-58, 115^-59»* ii?^'?^,* and
so on into the thirteenth century J^ The places mentioned, Exeter,
Hastings, Bosham," and Sandwich, are all on the seacoast.

The lastage of at least four towns, Boston, Lynn, Yarmouth,
and Ipswich, was in the hands of the Hauville family, where it
continued apparently about a century following the year 1217,**

^ Magnum Rotidum Scaccarii, 31 Hçn. I, p. 153. *'De Lestagio Civitatis "
(Exonic] 60 J., *' dc Fcria Exonic " 60 s.

' Godcfroy, Diiiwn nuire, s. v. *' Lestage **; Palmer, The Hisiory of Gre&i Yar-
moiUh ... a Continuation of Manship^s History^ p. 7.

* LestAgia sya per totam costam mam quieta. Gross, Gild Merchant, ii, p. 27c
(1200).

* Hale {Ds Portibus Maris, p. 75) said that lastage was collected on '* goods
iiDpûited,*' and ** goods unladen."

» MS,, R. O., K. R. Cusloms, i6/i7a, Stdrbeck (Boston, 1323); ibid., 124/6,
Sandwich, 1302- 1303, Sec below, pp. 203-210.

■ Si vero cum pace et Hcentia regis [navis] venisset, qui in ea erant quiete vende-
bant quae habebant. Sed cum discedcret, iiii denarios de unoquoque Lesth habe-
bant rex ct comes, Domrsday Book, i, p. 262, dorso. Sec also a manuscript of the
year 1853 in the Lynn archives (nondescript) which places the origin at the time
of Stephen.

' Magnum Hotulum Scaccarii, 31 Hen. I, pp. 91, 153.

• The Great Roll oj the Pipe, 2 Hen, II, pp. 48, 61; ibid., 3 Hen. II, pp. 75, 79;
ibid., 4 Hen* II, pp. 131, 158, 159, 182.

• Ibid., 18 Hen. II, p. 98.

ÏÛ Rotuius CanceUarii, 7 Ric. I-3 John, p. 214; MS., R. O., Pipe Roll, L. T. R,,
No, 50, memb. 7a (6 John); ibid., No. 63, memb. ga (2 Hen. HI).

" Cf, also, Caldcndar of Inçuisiiions Post Mortem^ iv, p. 292 (24 Dec, 35 Ed. I).
To the manor of Bosham belong " the hundred of Bosheham, and lastage from
Langestone to Pevenese.'*

I* Ralph of Yarmouth, in 1217, is said to have conveyed his right to lastage in
Norfolk, Suffolk, and Lincoln to Henry dc Hauville. Palmer, The History c>f Great

30 TEE F.^l'T UizrziS CUSTOMS

and in the case of Virriificdr tis «dH m private hands in the
reign of Richard EL- Tbe jsxzrt cc lœ see ms the scrjeanty of
receiving the k^-g's p-cTSd^3. especsLZy filmns*

It is difrcnlt to «iecLce. :wîz£ ii liae badivaixuged text of JU&er
Albus, whether this f25C i^arceirfsg doe «as ooDected at Lon-
don, that is. whether L*:cô:c îz. ihss case as in the case of the gild
merchant was the Gccepô:c z\:hrr than the rale. Under the
caption '' Trocage." we f=.c :he ±rs£ sectkn dealing, not with the
tronage of wool but another ctiscoc: on wooL etc. *^ taken out of
London to the parts be>-ocsd sea. by nercfaants liaUe to custom." *
It may be. of course that Lcococ szsiply did not use the tenn
''lastage.'' At a later date. ^ we ksow. a baiDage was collected
on goods exported abroad.*

Thus it appears that Lista^ was collected at nine ports, and
perhaps ten. all the way around the coast fnxn Boston to Chester.

No absolute proof has been discovered that lastage was orig-
inally imposed by the sovereign, for the decree, if such there was,
which brought it into being. like so many others, has been lost or
not recovered. But such e\'idence as we have points to a royal
origin. Docimients already referred to indicate that lastage was
held in fee *' by the king's gift " * or in serjeanty. Returns from
it were made by the sheriffs, for some ports at least. And we find
Prince Edward, as Warden of the Cinque Ports, placing iq[X)n
Thomas of Sand^v-ich the duty of '* keeping the bailiwick and
lastage of that port, to keep during the pleasure of the king and
the said Edward, as bailiff of the said lastage." * It is to be noted

Yarmouth ... a Continuation of Matukip's History, p. 7. In 1317-18, Robert de
Walkefare was pardoned for acquiring in fee, without license, the lastage of ^iibeck
(Boston) from Thomas de Hau\-ille. Calendar of Paient Rolls, Ed. 11, voL 131 7-31,
p. 114. Cf. also, Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, i, §§ 281, 337, 361 (37, 39,
and 40 Hen. Ill); ihid., ii, § 381 (8 £d. I); MS., R. O., Inquisitio ad Quod Dam-
num, 135/10 (12 Ed. II); K. R. Customs, lô/iya (17 Ed n).
» MS., Br. M., Harl., 1878, 2b (19 R. II).

* Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, i, § 281; Abhreviatio PlacUormm, p. 285,
' Liber Albus, i, p. 226.

* Birch, The Historical Charters and Constitutional DocumemU cf Ike CUy cf
London, pp. 201-202, 215-216.

• Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, iv, p. 292 (24 Dec., 35 Ed, I).

• Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol. 1266-72, p. 208 (19 Mar., 1267-^).

INSTITUTIONAL BISTORY UP TO 1275

that at this very tune the port of Sandwich was in the possession ,

not of the king, but of Christchurch, Canterbury.

It happens that there have been handed down a list of lastage
rates of about thirty different commodities for Skirbeck (Boston)/
and lastage accounts of the closing years of Edward I for Sand-
wich,* From these the nature of lastage may be determined.
According to the Skirbeck document, lastage ** arose from divers
marchandise carried out of England to parts beyond seas." ' In
Sandwich accounts we see three layers of customs, cusiuma ville,
lastagiumy and the nova cusiuma of 1303, all at times due upon the
same articles of trade. Take as an example an alien merchant
exporting goods. He paid cusiuma mile on all his goods, lastage
upon the chief natural products of the country, and also the new
custom on all his wares.*

Lastage resembled the local customs in that it was subject to
many exemptions in favor of the burgesses of numerous English

* See below» $17, pp. 207 f. In Sandwich it seems tliat not so many goods paid
lastage, the chief being wool. Elides, butter» cheese» bacon, and &sh. See below,
pp. 203-207,

* See below, §§ 15, 16, pp. 203 f.

■ ** Provenit ex diversis merctmoniis transfretantibus extra Angliam ad partes
transmarinas.** MS,, R, 0., K. R, Customs, 16/ 17a. '* Quandam consueludiDem
\'Ocatam testagium dc mercandizis usque partes exteras transeuntibus.'* Abbreviaiio
PlaciUfrum^ p, 285b (Lynn, 19 Ed. I), See also, Kunze, Hanseakien aus England^
i27S-t4t2, pp. 13-15.

* Rccepta eus tu me de Sandwyco:
De Dyonisio Bell' de I pre pro k doliis vini iii s.
pro iiii sacds lane ^'iii d. pro ii balis allute viii d.
pro i granario wode iiii d.
De Johanne Froydecosine pro i bala panni iiii d,
pro ii saccis lane iiii d. (See below, % 5, pp. 169-170,)

Recepta custume lastagii de Sandwyco:

De Dyonisio Belle de I pre pro iiii sacds lane xvi d.

De Johanne Froyd ecu sine pro ii sacds kine viii d. (Sec below, J 16, p. 107.)
Particule nove custume recepte apud Sandmcum:

De Dionlsio Belle de Ispre pro iiii sacds et iii cla\'is lane xiii s. vi d. q.

De Johanne de Fredecosyn pro ii saccis Jane vi s. \^ii d. (See below, § 34,

De Dionisio Belle pro xx Itbratis allute wadii ct \inorum eductorum v s.
Dc Johanne Frondecosyn pro viii libra tis canabi [*' i bala panni '* in the
** Recepta custume dc Sandwyco'' abovel, ii s, (See below, { 34, p. 334.)

32 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

toinis,^ and of foreign merchants.' Then too, as has been seen, it
was pat to farm, like kxal tolls, and granted out as fees. But
hstage vas not a local toD, not the cmsiuma tUle on exports, for
the same goods gcnng abroad paid both lastage and cusiuma vUle^*
and indeed the rates were not the same, though the variation was
not considerable.^ Hence we are forced to make a new category
for lastage In the two essentials, foreign trade and political
imposition, it was a national due; but in secondary character-
istics, exemptions and feudation, it was local.* Lastage, then>
may be caDed a semi-national customs-due.

We cannot leave this interesting custom without raising some
queries. When was it introduced? Was it collected at seaports
only? Was it originally so much per last (weight or measure) on a
few commodities* or so much per shipload (last or burden), and
then later so much per unit of any kind? If of ro>^ origin, why
was there local variation in rates ? If only on foreign eiports
originally, how did it come about that in modem times at L3mn it
was due on goods leaN-ing the port whether for other English or
for foreign ports?^ If it antedated the Conquest, was it originally
a national due that before and after the coming of William was
taken to be a feudal due or made into one ? In other words is
lastage a remnant of an early Anglo-Saxon effort at nation-build-
ing by centralization which was destroyed by the rival process of
feudal decentralization ? Similar questions may be raised con-
cerning several early English institutions. They serve to display

' Loodon, Stubbs, Sdtci Charters y p. 103 (Hen. I) ; Norwich, Records of the City of
Noracick, i, p. 12 (1194); Lincoln, Rotuli Ckartarum^ i, p. 5a (1199).

' The men of Sl Omer " sint quieti per totam .Angliam, undecumque venerint,
de Icstagio." Giiy, St, Omer, p. 381 (1154-62). Sec also below. § 17, pp. 207, 210^

» MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 124/5 (27 Ed. I), and 124/14 (3»-33 Ed. I):

* Articles Lastage Custuma viDe

Bacons, each id. id.

Cheese, wey id. id.

Hening, last id. 4 d.

Hides, dicker ad. ad.

Wool, sack 4d. 2d.

MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 124/12. Sandwich, 31-32 Ed. I.
» Hale (De Portibus Maris, p. 7S) «Jls lastage " port dues."

• Such as hides, bacon, herring, iron, and millstones.

' See MS., Lynn Archives, £ e 15 and £ e 16 (Charles H).

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

OUT lack of information about origins without casting doubt, how-
ever, on the facts of later existence.

(6) Scavage, Equally obscure is the custom called ** scavage/' *
by some defined as a fair toll,^ really a tax due in seaports on
wares imported '* from beyond seas." ^

Although by far the fullest information concerning scavage
comes from the records of London, it seems, like îastage, to have
been normally collected in the seaports. The Liber de Hyda
treats it without special reference to London.* In 1267 a certain
man in reward for long service received this boon: '* that his
merchandise shall be quit throughout the king's realm and power
of toll, skawage, lestage, murage and all customs which could be
exacted from him in respect thereof, saving the king's due and
ancient prises/^ * In Bristol it was apparently collected in the
fourteenth centur>'.* And in 1504 a statute was passed concern-
ing scavage, in which it was said that lately many cities and
boroughs have exacted a duty, called ** Skavage.'* ^

* There arc at least two possible derivations of the word '* scavage.'^ One is that
il is a Saxon word meaning *' showing." This is substanliated by the Latin word
osiensio, used to translate it. The Liber dt Hydn (p- 43) deânes it thus: Scheauwj'ng,
id est» Propositio merdmonii, Gallice, Disple>Tirê de marchandise- Records of the
reign of Henry VI are said to ha%'e defined it in tais way: quod dictum vocabulum
de scavenge ^t terminus Saxonicus, Anglice showing, latine demonstratio ntmcu-
patus. Schanz, EngHscfte Handdspolitik gcgen Ende des Mittdaiters\ ii, p. 365.

This derivation, then, would indicate that scavage was a lax on imported goods
for the privilege of showing or dîspla>nng for sale.

The other derivation indicates that like some of the commodities it was levied
on, it was of Italian origin. Scavagium, scalaticum, scalagium^ scala. Scalaticura
diritto da pagarsi aUo scalo, in the glossar>' to Documtnti sulk Rdazioni deUe Ciild
Tùscane coU* Oriente Christ iano e coi Turcki (ed, G. Mtiller), 1879.

• Spelmau, Glossarium (ed, 1687), p. 505 j Du Cange, Giossarium, s. v. Osknsio;
Thorpe, Ancienl Laws and Institutes, îï, Glossary, s, v, Osiensio,

' Liber Albm^ i, p. 225.

The question whether sca\^ge was a local toll or an import tax came to a head
in the following aisc. The merchants of Genoa complained of paying scav^e in
London on goods imported at Southampton and later brought overland to London.
In 1395 it was said that they had paid such scavage for twelve years past, and the
decision was that they must continue to pay it. Schanz, EngHschc Handdspotitik
gegen Ende des Miitelaiters, ii, pp. 364-365. The king, however, decreed in 1402 that
scavage was not due under such circumstances, HoluH ParU<imcnt<frum^ iii, p. 491.

k* See above, p. 33, n. i . • LitUt Red Book of Bristol, i, p. 39.

* Calendûf ûf Paknt Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol. 1266-72, p. 57 (25 April),
» 19 Hen. VII, ch. 8. Statutes of the Realm, ii, p. 653.

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

As in the case of lastage, only certain persons owed scavage.
In London it was those who lived with hosts, that is non-dtizens,

who payed scavage.^ Some ah'ens» too, were freed from the obliga-
tion, for example, the merchants of Lorraine ^ and of Germany,^
and the men of St, Omer.* The question arose at the end of the
fifteenth or the beginning of the sixteenth century whether deni-
zens were required to pay scavage in towns. It was asserted, in the
preamble to the above-mentioned statute of 1504,^ that lately
many cities and boroughs had exacted scavage from denizens,
which had been formerly taken from aliens onJy, And it was
ordered that henceforth scavage was to be collected from aliens
only, except in London. Whether this issue arose through the
interpretation of the words mercator extraneus, or the equivalent,
is not clear, but in all probability the act of 1504 was revolution-
ary, establishing a new practice rather than restoring an old one.

The rates of scavage were as usual specific,* but on unlisted and
therefore unusual goods a poundage rate was imposedJ

When scavage came into existence Is not known, for the ordi-
nance calling it into being, if such there ever was, is not extant.
It was certainly due in the eleventh century/ and I have found
references to it for every century from the twelfth' and thir-
teenth ^^ to the nineteenth.*^

Ï Liber Aibtis, i, p. 223.

' H5hJbaum, Hansisches Urkundcnbuch, iii, j 602 (about 11 50).

' Liber Albus, i, pp. 225-226, * Gir>^ Si. Omer, p. 3S1 (1154-62).

* ÎÇ Hen. VII, ch. 8. Staitdcs of the Realm, ii, p. 653.

* Liber Aihis, i, pp. 223-224, 230J and below, 5 19» PP- 212-216. Sec also, MS.,
Br. M., Cott. Galbft C, foU, 328 f. [Hen. VOI]; Add., 12,497 (29 May, 1594);
Birch, Hi5t<tricQl Charters and Constuuiional Dôcumeni oj the City of London^ pp. 212-
215 (5 Sept., 1640).

» See below, i ig» pp, 212, 214-216 {2 d. per £). It was i d. per £ in 1640. See
Birch in note above. ' See below, § i, pp, 154, 155.

* Giiy, St. Omer, p. 381 (1154-62); Ballard, Brilish Borough Charier s , 1042-1216^
p. 218. Canterbury, Hco. IL Kt dc Essewinga ita sit res sicut fuit tempore regis
Henrici avi mci [Hen. I].

^^ £75 6 s. 10 d. de consuetudinibus omnimodarum mercaodisanim venientium
dc partibtis transmarinis ad Civitatem praedictam, de quibus consuetudo debetur
quœ \^ocatur Scavagium, Madox, Hisiofy and Aniiqidius of ike Exchequer ^ i,
p. 779 n. (53 Hen. III).

J' 3 and 4 GuL IV, ch. 66 (28 August, 1833). SmuUs of ike United Kingdom of
Créai Briiain and Ireland, xiii, pp, 336-357*

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 127$

Like lastage, scavage was probably granted away to individuals
or towns. This may be inferred from absence of accounts of
receipts in the exchequer documents. In the case of London,
however, it was in the hands of the sheriff and probably included
in the yearly farm to the kingJ

■ Treated by Hall as a local custom ^ and ignored by most other
writers, it was p>erhaps adumbrated by Hale who, however, knew
neither its name nor identity.* Although Hale's documentary
references do not fit in with scavage nor his notion that it was
an ad valorem tax^ he described it closely enough when he spoke of
a custom on general merchandise imported by denizens or aliens
in the thirteenth century,

H If the evidence presented above be accurately interpreted, we
must place scavage with lastage as partly local and partly
^national, or in the phraseologj^ here adopted, semi-national
H (c) Wine custom. While general merchandise imported from
abroad w^as subject to scavage, wine brought into the country
was liable to a special custom, in one document called ** corn-
age/'* about which we know something but not much, and which
like lastage and scavage has been neglected and forgotten.

This wine custom is found most frequently mentioned or re-
ferred to in the documents from 1 150 to 1303, About 11 50 it was
due in London.* In 1254 two dues on imported wine were recog-
nized^ the prise and the ** customs of pence imposed upon every

■ ^ See Liher AWus, i, p. 323; Schanx, Englische ffanddspoliiik gegen Ende des
* MUUtûlters, ii, p. 366.

' HisUfry of ihe Custom-Revenue in EngUind^ u, pp. 164-165.

■ * CuHceming the Custcmj, pp. 142-143.
* The men of Lorraine " ne durront autre escawenge fors la cystume del vin^
ceo eat le cornajçe 5 deners de chesun lonel.*' Hëhlbaum, Hansisches Urkunéenbmk^
ill, § 602, p. 391. For cornage, see also Round, Calendar of Documents in France,
S 622 (109g),

The meaning of coraage is unknown. It is not to be confused with the northern
English tax, otherwise called ** liornge!d/' Miss Bateson (English Bistorical Re-
vieWj xvii, p, 501 n.) raised the question whether it is a mistake for ** tonnage."
This is not unlikely for, apart from two London documents which are probably
closely connected» the word does not seem to occur in English records.

If the Norman instance in Round's Calendar refers to a comage of wine, then
there b some evidence of a Continental origin,

* HOhlbaum, Hansisches Urkundenbuck, iii, { 60a, p. 391.

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

tun in the divers ports/* * In the charter of liberties granted to the
merchants of Aquitaine in 1302, a mne custom of 2 s, per tun was
substituted for the prise of wines, but this was ** over and above
the ancient customs due and accutomed to be paid in money
either to us or to others.** ^ In the following year this grant was
extended to all aliens.^ Specific information of its ha\ing been
due at London,* Sandmch,^ and Poole,^ has been found. It was
stated in a letter patent of the year 1254 that the ** customs of
money on every tun in every port *' were to be paid by the
merchant importing wine,^

This due has not entirely escaped the attention of students of
the customs. Hale devoted one paragraph to it, rightly calling it
not a toll but a custom.^ His chief instance is the 8d. per tun
due at Southampton. In fact, however, this 8 d, per tun was on
wine carried out of Southampton, as the accounts show,® and not
on wines imported from abroad. Stubbs accepted Hale's account
in the earlier editions of his work ^^ and was corrected by Hall,
who maintained rightly that, as has been said, this particular
Southampton due was a local toll.^^ Both Stubbs and Hall took
Hale^s faulty illustration, ignoring the others. Hall, in dealing
with this custom, maintained that this tax ** of a Doubtful
Nature ** was an excise, comparable to the aulnage on clotk,^
By another it has been held to be brokerage."

The rate per tun collected was not 8 d. as Hale asserted but
4d." and later 2d,/* or possibly even 3d,,*® sd.," and 6d.*^ This

^ Cakndûr ûf Paient Roils, Hen. HI, vol. 1247-58, p. 370 (17 May. 1254).

^ Red Book ofike Exchequer, «i, p. 1063. * See below, } 29, pp. 257, 358.

-• Librr Aîbus, î, p. 228. ^ Close Rolls ^ Hen. Ill, voL 1227-31, p, 153 (1329)*

* Hale, Concerning the Customs, p. 142»

T Calendar of Paleni Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol. 1247-581 P- 294 (n Feb., 1253-54).

* Hale, Concerning the Cttstoms, p. 142-

» See MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 137/11 (i5"t6 Ed. UI), 137/12 (17 Ed. m).

ÏÛ Constitutional History of England (3d éd.), ii» p, 548,

" History of the Cas turn-Revenue in England, i, p. 7. »» /Wrf,, ii, pp. 93, log.

1' Bateson, English Historical Review, xvn, p. 498.

" Close Ralls, Hen, 111, vol. 1227-31, P- ^53 (Sandwich, 1229).

" Ibid. (Sandwich, 1229); Hale, Coftcerning the Customs, p. 14a (Poole) j Liber
A^ms, i, p. 228 (London). Cf. the scavage rate of 1590 on wine imported mto
London. Br. M.» c 40 b 29, Rates of the Custome House.

» The Littk Red Book of Bristol, i, p. 242. »« See below, § 19, p, 315,

" Hdhlbaum, Hansisches Vrkundenhuch, iii, { 602 (about 1150).

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

variation in rate is indicative of local influence characteristic of
all the dues with which we are just now concerned.

But little information has been found as to who was liable to
pay this custom on imported wines. In Liber Albus it was stated
that it was to be collected only from ** merchants, who owe
customs/' * Aliens were liable,' we know, and probably denizens,
who were not exempt through burgess-ship or some special
grant

Although we do not know when the king imposed this custom,
if it was he, we do know that he changed the rate on one occasion
in the port of Sandwich not at the time belonging to him,^ and
that it was due to him in some ports, to others in other ports,*

Thus the resemblance of this early wine custom to scavage is
€X)nsiderable, Once, indeed, the wine due was inierentially called
"scavage";* but whether this custom was only one item in
scavage, separated from the general list, or was in addition to it,
is not clear.

{d) Wine prise. The third import duty is as well-known and
in its later development at least as clearly defined as the other
two are forgotten and obscure. This is the tax on wine, called at
first the " prise ** ^ and later the ** prisage ^' of wines, which comes
to light apparently for the first time about 1150, in the regula-
tions for the men of Lorraine going to London. " And if it is a
ship, they will take two tuns behind the mast, and one before, the
best for as much as they sell the mean. And the mean for as
much as they sell the worst. And if it is a hulk or other boat, one
tun before and another behind, the best for as much as they sell
the mean. And the mean for as much as they sell the worst.'' ^

* Liber Albus, i, p. 22S.

» Cf. Calendar of Paient RollSj Hen. Ill, vol. 1247-58, p. 294 (11 Feb., 1253-54);
Calendar of Close Rolls j Ed. I, voL 128S-96, p. 359 (23 July, 1294); tJie charter of
Î302 (p. j6 above) and the Carta Kfctcatoria of 1303 (pp, 257-264 below).

' Close Rolls, Hen. HI, vol. 1227-31, p. 153 (12293*

* See above, p. 36^ nn. 2 and 3, ^\ha The LiiUc Red Book of Bristol, i, p, 242«

• Sec above, p. 35, n, 4.

• Ordinarily the singular prisa is used. Sec below, §14, p. 200. The plural
prise vini is also found. Et de £xxxiii et xi s. de prisis vini. MS., R. O., Pipe Roll,
No. 44, raemb. 12 b (8-10 Rie. I). Cf. abo, K. R. Customs, 40/13 (11-12 Rie. II).

' £ si CO est chiel, il prend runt deus tonels bas le tonge, e un devant, te meillur

3«

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

From this document it appears that the amount of wine which
the king might take was fixed according to the size of the ship.
It is also to be noted that the king was to buy his wine at a little
below the market price. It was not assumed that he would always
buy the best, and since some of it would doubtless be for his serv-
ants, why should he have done so, especially when he had to
pay for it ?

At about the same time, Rouen received a charter which laid
down the principle that no wine duty was to be given in Rouen,
except wine itself J And in 1199, John's charter to that town
granted to the citizens certain pri\Tleges but stated that they
should be subject to his prise of wines in London, which was
defined as the preemption of only so much wine as was necessary
for the king's use, that is ** for his own drinking, or for giving
away as he will, but not for selling," ^

Before further consideration of the prise of wines it is well to
note, at least in outline, what its general development has been.
No greater mistake could be made than to regard it as a stereo-
typed custom in the early part of its history. Although its early
development has never been traced, and may never be satis-
factorily known, we may tentatively draw some general conclu-
sions. The first phase of its histor>^ seems to have been that of an
undefined prise, the king taking what mne he would as he thought
best. The second phase, apparently covering the period from
about 1150* to about 1 190 or 1200, we may call the early definite
prise. And the third, the recia prisa from about 1 190 or 1200.*

pm allTttuni cum lom vendra te mecin. Et le meem pur altretant cura îom vendm
le pciur. E si co est huUt, u altre nef, un tunel devant e altre deriere, le mciUur pur
altretant cum lum vendra le meien. E le meen pur altretant cirni lom vendra le
peiur. English Historical Revini>, xviî, p. 500* The date given by Hbhlbaiim and
Bateson îs about a century earlier than tliat assigned by Riley.

' Round, Calendar of Documents in France, i, No, 109; Chéniel, Histoire de
Rouen, i, p. ^242; DeEsle-Bcrger, Actes de Henri II, No. 14.

* Round, Calendar of Documents in France^ i, No. 112,

With the English wine dues should be compared those of Rouen: Ic droit dc
coutume, le droit de mueson, le droit de cbcnx. See Beaurepaire, De la VicomU de
I* Eau de Rouen t p, tçj.

* Sec the document quoted above» p. 37, n- 7-

* The earliest occurrence of the phrase recta prisa ^ that I have seen, b dated
5 John, 1203 or 1204.

INSTITUTIONAL fflSTORV UP TO 1275

Whether we are right in distmgiiishing the second and third
phases as separate and distinct, I am not at all sure. It is not
clear whether the third phase is a gradual development from the
second or whether the third was ushered in by an assize or ordi-
nance now lost. The two phases are similar in so far as we find in
both the same stipulation concerning the quality of the wine to be
taken, that it should be of the medium and the best quality.
This view is based upon a conjectured interpretation of the
phrases so many tuns *^ before the mast " and so many *' behind
the mast/ ' These phrases indicate, as it seems, that the sovereign
agreed to limit himself to one tun before the mast where the wine
was of poorer sort and one tun behind the mast where the better
wine was placed to keep it safe from the sea. Or, varying accord-
ing to the construction of the ship^ the reverse might be the case.
If the king took the very best of the poorer sort he would probably
get wine of medium quality; and if the best of the better sort he
would, of course, get the very best.

In substantiation of this theory is the document of about 11 50,
which has already been quoted,* in which the prices to be paid
for the medium and the best wines are pro\ided for. This view
seems the more acceptable when we consider the alternative
explanations. Before and abaft the mast might conceivably
indicate that the king could go to any part of the ship in search of
the best wines. But we know that when the phrases in question
originated, about 1150 or before, it was already the custom or
practice for him to take the medium as well as the best sort of
wine. The other explanation, equally objectionable, is that the
phrases in question indicated a large cargo, so many tuns of wine
that the space both before and behind the mast had to be utilized.
This is incorrect because the size of the cargo was otherwise
expressed. In the second phase the size of the cargo was indi-
cated by the size of the vessel: a large vessel having to give so

Dc vinis praedktis nullam prisam capiatis, praeterquam rectam prisam nostram.
Madox, History and AnliquUies of ike Exch&iuevy i^ p. 767 b.

The phrase jusia prisa was an exact equivalent of reda prisa, HaU, Formula
B&ok of English Official Ilistorkat Documents ^ pt, ii, pp. iio-iii (39 Hen. III).

• See above, p. 37, n, 7.

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

much and a small one so modi. In the third phase the standard
sizes of cargoes were ten and twenty tuns.

It seems, therefore, that this early stipulation was a limita-
tîon, comparable to that found m Rouen,^ imposed upon the king
in the choice of his wines, one which was kept throughout the
centuries long beyond the time when the original significance
was understood. Indeed at a later date we find Hate pointing
out that this clause was not to keep the king from getting the
best wine.*

The other striking point of similarity between the second and
third phases is the definiteness of both. But the definite quali-
fications of the two were diflFerent. While the king in the second
phase took three tuns from a large vessel (ckl) and two tuns
from a small vessel (hulk u altrc ft€f),^ in the third he took one tun
from a small cargo containing between ten and nineteen tuns, and
two from a cargo of twenty tuns or over.* And while the official
value of the best wine in the second phase was the market price
of the medium sort, and of the medium wine the market value of
the poorest, it was the same for both sorts in the third phase»

1 At Rouen the merchant gave one tun out of nineteen, but he had the right to
choose two tuns before the king got his wine. H est a savoir que le marchaant [sic]
doit avoir deus tonneaus de chois en xix. tonneaus avant que le Roi. Beaurepaire,
Da la Vicomte de VEau de Rouen y p. 2Q2.

* De Poriibm Maris^ p. 1 20.

* Another version makes it four tuns apparently for both sizes of ships. Liber
Ordinacionum, fol. 161 b, English Historical Revieu\ xvii, p. 500.

' This matter of the number of tuns officially held to constitute a cargo has been a
source of misunderstanding to contemporary authorities (Rohtti FaHiamentorum,
m, p. 477, 140Q-01) and to later writers (Hall, ffistory of tftc Custom- Revenue in
England^ ii, pp. 104-105). The definite question was raised whether the two tuns
were to be paid on an official cargo of 20 or of 30 tuns. In 1401 the Commons
maintained that, whereas since the pre\ious reign two tuns had been collected on the
c&igo of 20 tuns in the southern and western |)orts, they had formerly really been
collected there only on 30 tuns. Although Hall held this to be a ^' glaring and
interested " misstatement of the facts. I susp>ect that it is correct. The following
document points clearly in this direction.

Item dicunt quod de qualibet navi carcata de xxx doleis vini ad nrunus et intrante
portum de Cardigan habebit dominus de prisa sua duo dolea vini pro xl s. quam
prisam nesciunt estixnare (8 Ed. I). Seebohm, Tribai Systfm in Wales (2d éd.),
app., p. 112.

For the arrangement in Rouen ^ see Beau repaire, Da ta Vicomte de VEau de
Rouen^ p. 294 (ca. 1250).

I
I

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

fixed at 20 s, apparently for all ports in Ireland,^ and in England,
except Bristol where it was 15 s. As early as 11 92 in Ireland ^
and 1204 m England this 20 s. standard was fixed,^ and at least
as early as 12 10 or 121 1 the 15 s. standard for BristoL*

The second and third phases, then, are alike in the matter of
the quality and quantity of wine to be taken» but unlike as to the
official pa>Tnent for the wine-
Fully conscious of the danger of projecting too much definite-
ness into a formative period, I think nevertheless that we may
define the original rtcia prisa — the very term stands for some-
thing technical — as the seizure by the crown of two tuns from
a cargo of twenty tuns or over, on the pajonent of 20 s. a tun to the
owner.* In case the port of importation was Bristol, the sum was
15 s, per tun; if the cargo was between ten and nineteen tuns in
size^ only one tun was seized, doubtless of the best sort; and if the
cargo was under ten tuns, ordinarily no wine would be taken at all.
From this definition of the recki prisa we may readily infer what
the mala prisa was.

It is part and parcel of the view of the prise here adopted that
at the period of its establishment no idea of a tax could have pre-
vailed at all. At the time when the official price was determined,
twenty shillings would not have been much below the market
price, especially if the price of the best be averaged with that of
the medium quality.* The regular duty on wine at first was not

' In iiga the king's bailiff in Dublin was to take two tuns, one before and one
bcMnd the mast, paying for each 20 s. He might choose whichever wine he pleased,
but this was to be before and behind the must. Ballard, British Borough Charttrs,
1042-1216, p. 335.

* In this year the king took 27 tuns of wine from Gascon merchants at 20 s. a
tun, and 37 tuns at 33 s. 4 d. ad opus nostrum, Rotuli LiUerarum Clatisarum^ i, p. 5b.

' Madox, History a fid Antiquitif^ ofihe Exchequer, i, p. 76e (12 John). See below,
pp. 47, 300, 202.

* If the poinl conjectured above ever be proved to be correct, then the definition
would read: " the seizure by the crown of one tun of the medium quality of wine
(before the mast) and one tun of the best quality (behind the mast) from a cargo of
twenty tuns or over," etc. See above, p. 39.

* John's assise of wine of 1 199 placed the maximum price of the wine of Poitou
at 20 s. per tun, of Anjou at 24 s., and of France proper at 25 s.^ unless the wine was
so good that the buyer would give more, in which case it was not to be over 26 s. 8 d.
Hovedon, Chronica, iv, p. 99. See the prices recorded in Simon's Hisiory of the Wine
Trade in England, i, pp. 318-333.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

the recia prisa but the ancient wine custom already considered.
To the general rise of prices during the thirteenth century,^ the
price of wine proved no exception.* Thus the recta prisa became
a tax J because the market price of the wine increased at the same
time that the official valuation remained the same. The difference
constituted the tax.^ The recta prisa as a tax is, therefore, his-
torically an accident. The king became the beneficiary of au ■
unearned increment. Ï

The later history of the prise is well known. It was commuted
into a money payTnent of 2 s. per tun by the merchants of Aqui-
taine in 1302/ and by aliens in general in 1303,^ This commuted
payment J later called ** butlerage,'* was apparently collected
down to the nineteenth century,^ or more exactly, 5 July, 1809.

Denizens on the other hand unanimously refused the proffered
commutation of 1303,' preferring to give their wines rather than
pay a specific custom. Although it has been maintained that this
commutation would have been favorable to the king, if at the
same rate as paid by aliens,* nevertheless it is obvious that the
contrary was the case when large cargoes were imported." The

* See my Evolution of the English Corn Market, pp. 11- 16, H

* The average price of 9 lots sold in the reîgn of Hen. 11 was 14 s. 7 d.; the
average of 26 lots sold in the reij^n of Ed. Ï was 4q s, 7 d. Prices which included
cost of carriage have been in both cases exclyded. These averages arc based on the
materiab collected by Simon. See above, p. 41, n. 5.

' The amount of the tax was alwa}^ the difference between the market value of
the one or two casks seized and the amount of money (15 s. or 20 s. per cask) ï>aid
for them by the king. ■

* See above, p. 36. * See below, p. 25S. ™

* It was bought back from various nobles by the crown early in the nineteenth
century. 43 Geo. Ill, ch. 156; 46 Geo. Ill, ch. jq; 4g Geo. Ill, ch. 98; 50 Geo. Ill,
ch. loi. Siaiutfs ofihe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irciand, i, pp. tijo-ji
(1803) ; ibid., iî. p» 759 (1806); ibid., iii, pt. i, p. 785 {1809); ibid.t ui, pt. a» pp. 143^
Ï47 (Ireland, 1810). ^ Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 500-501.

' HaM, History of the Custom-Revenue in England y ii, p. 103; Simon, History of
the Wine Trade in England, iî, p. 51.

* The amount of wine duties paid to the crown just after 1303, apparently in all

ports (except Bristol), was as follows:

Cuso of 10 tuns Cargo of 20 tuns Cargo of 40 tuos

Aliens ao s. 40 s, 80 s.

Denizens 30 s. 60 s. 60 s.

The duties paid by denizens is arrived at by de<iucting the official valuation from

the market value of the wine seized, the latter being here estimated at 50 s.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 127$ 43

refusal was chiefly, if not solely, to avoid heavier taxes, and to
avoid giving up the exemption which so many Englishmen
enjoyed,* As late as 1393, denizens petitioned to be allowed to
pay a custom of 20 d. per tun instead of the prise of wines, on
condition that the existing exemptions be retained. The king
repUed that he was ready to consent to a custom of 2 s. per tun
with no exemptions.^ The refusal of the merchants to accept the
king's proposition shows how favorable was their position. Those
not exempt at all were willing to pay 20 d,, or 4 d, per tun within
the sum which aliens paid and which the king now demanded
from them as the price of commutation. Those entirely exempt
naturally would have been opposed to any change.

In the seventeenth century commutation was practised
apparently in an irregular way.* Having escaped the great
changes in the customs brought about in 1660 and 1787, however,
the prise of wines lasted, at least nominally, down to the nine-
teenth century.

So far the prise of wines has been dealt with in a non-contro-
versial way, but as a matter of fact there have been differences of
opim'on * and uncertainty ^ as to what it really was. The chief

* See below, pp, 46, 47.

* Roluli Parliameniorum^ iii, pp^ 306-307 (1392-93),

* On 33 March, »675-76, tiic commissioners of the customs wrote to the customs
officials in the port of Stockton inquiring '* whether the prizage hath been taken in
your port in kind or by composicon, how, and in what niiture such composicon was
made and whether they h^ve accustomed to &11 upp, and what the practice hath been
in the management thereof, and who collects the said duty in your port." MS.,
Stockton Custom House. Booke of Instructions, Stockton, 1675-1714, fol. zg.

In 1580 it was recorded, however, that the '' prizagc officer may make choyce of
wines for the said duty by outward view of the fask [sic] by canUiif and knocking
the vessells and shall have liberty to taste the wines." /Wrf., fol. 58.

In the eighteenth century. Crouch wrote that the officials in London follow the
** practice *' of alïowing the merchants to '* compound ^' for the prise. Complete
View of the British Customs (4th éd., 1745), p. 66.

* For the difTerences between Hall on the one hand and Stubbs and Round on the
other, see the Antiquary, vi, pp. 64-65, 133; abo Hall, History of the Custmn-
Revenue in England ^ I, p. 6.

' Hakewill {Skiit Tri^its, ii, p. 4^4) said that ''Englishmen pay prisage in specie,
viz. one tun before the mast, and one tun bchindc,*'

Da vies {The Question Concerning Impûsitiûns, pp* 36-37) held that it '* is not any
5um of Money, but two Tunns of Wine in specie.'*

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

issues are these: did the king take wine after paying money for it^
or without any payment at all; ^ and if he gave money, was it for
freight,^ or was it the official value put upon the wine ? As we
have already seen, the answers are that the king paid so much
money for the wine that he took, which historically was the
official value of the wine. This is the final \iew of Hall and is
clearly expressed in his llisiûry^ -

This subject of the prise of wines is important in itself, as pajQ
haps all would admit; but it is more important here because it is
the chief analogy for the prise theory of the origin of the customs,
and because it is one of the semi-national dues which illustrates
the Influence of the local system upon the fonnation of the na-
tional. Before considering this last question, which is our major
interest, we may well stop to look at the first, the prise of wines
as the analogy for the prise theory of the origin of the customs
elaborated by HalL VHI

Hall distinguishes " three distinct phases of developmen^în
the history of the taxation of wines/ ^ * The first is the arbitrary
prise of wines at a price " far below their marketable value.' ' If
the evidence presented above be correct, the price was not far
below the market price. The second is the phase of the com-
muted toll arrived at by an ** understanding *^ with denizens and
a '* fine ^' in the case of aliens. For denizens, it was one- tenth of
their wine, or two casks out of twenty. For aliens it was a fixed

* As held by Conningham (The Growth of English Industry and Commerce^ 4th
éd., i, p. 277), Meredith {Economie History of England, p. 73), and Batcson {Bngtisk
Uistorical Review^ i\'ii, p. 497).

' In 1 614 when delivering his opinion upon a legal case concerning the prise of
wines, Coke stated that the 20 s* were for freight. In substantiation of this he
quoted Flcia verbatim, and accurately up to a certain point where he garbled the
text, writing instead of '* reddantur tantum \^ginti solidi mercatori/' the words
'* pro portagio 20 s/' See The Third Fart 0} the Rt ports 0/ Edward Bid strode (1659),
p.22; Fleia^ ed. of 1647, p» 80.

Many others, perhaps following Coke, adopted this \new: Hale {Concerning the
Customs, pp. 117, 120), Crouch {Compicte View of the British Customs, p. 66), Hall
{Anii^uory, vi, p. 65, and History of the Custom-Revenue in England^ i, p. 6), and
Atton and HoUand {The King*s Custom ^ i, p. 5).

' History of the Custom-Revenue in England, ii, ch, v.

* Ibid., ii, p. 90.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 127$

sum, paid for a whole cargo or per cask. The criticism here
chiefly concerns the aliens. There is absolutely no evidence for
the \'iew that aliens paid such a fixed sum, and much against it,
notably the clear statements of the charter of 1302 commuting
the prise of wines in the case of the merchants of Aquitaine
and of that of 1303 conmiuting the prise of all aliens, The
third phase is this very commutation of 1303, which concerned
aliens only.

In place of these " three phases/' I substitute others based
partly upon documentary^ evidence and partly upon inference:
the undefined prise of wines, the early definite prise, the recta
prisa,^ and the commuted custom.^ While aliens had passed
through all four phases by 1303, denizens reached the last stage,*
at least nominally, only in the year 1809.*

The prise theory, as heretofore developed, even when applied
to wine where it seemed best supported, will not stand the test.
If we add to this the fact that prise as a regular national custom
was confined to \\ine, we can find no foundation left for the
general prise theory of the origin of the customs. In other words
both the example and the analogy are incorrect.

But our interest here is chiefly in the evidence pointing to the
conclusion that the prise of wines w^as a custom at once national
and local. It was national in so far as it was originated by the
nation's king in accordance with the facts noted above. It was
national, too, in so far as it was on foreign rather than on local
trade, on wine imported from abroad rather than on wine carried
from town to town. But on the other hand there were features
of the local system in this otherwise national custom. For
example, it was not always held by the king for collection by his
chamberlain or butler, but in many cases at firsts and finally in aU
cases, was granted out to lords of franchises or others. Notable

■ Sec abo\T. pp. 38-42.

• The biiUerage or nova cusiuma mnorum of 1305. See below, pp. 67, 258.

' Tliey paid dulies on wine before this in the form of tunnage and imposts, but
these were not commuted customs.

* Siaiuies of the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , m, pt. i, p. 785
(S July, 1809). Sec above, p. 43. a» J-

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

examples of this are Sandwich/ Fordwich,* L>Tm,' Hull,* the
Manor of Cardigan,* Liverpool,* Bristol/ and as we learn from
the statutes of the end of the reign of George III, Ireland,* the
Duchy of Lancaster, Cornwall,* Swansea and Chepstow/ Cardiff,
and aU other ports in England.*" In the early nineteenth century
the prise of wines of both England and Ireland was apparently
in the hands of five dukes and one marquess.

The prise of wines was affected also by the practice of exemp*
tions found in the local system. These exemptions were con-
siderable in so far as the men of London** and of the Cinque
Ports ^ were not at first liable " to pay the wine prise either in
their own ports or in any other in England.** Later the citizens of
Southampton were also exempt.** On the other hand, as the

» MS., R, O., K. R. Customs, 157/".

* Woodruff, History of ike Tmvn and Port of Fordynck, p. 54. Tolls here beloi

ngeff

3odo de

to the monastery of St, Augustiac, Canterbuiy*

» MS., Lynn Archives, E e s (38 Ed. III). The bailiff of the bishop of Norwich
and of Roger de Monte Alto had no chain " in predictis piisis nisi tantomodo de
vinis.'*

• Sec below, § 18, pp. 310-212.
' Scebohm, Tribal System in Wales (2d. ed,), app. 112 (8 Ed. IH).

• Hale, De Portibus M arts ^ p. 55 (40 Ed. III).
' The Prior of St. James, Bristol, had the rtcta prisa for one week during the

year. The Littk Red Book of Bristol, i, pp. 23^243 (15th cent.).

• Sec alsOp Hall, History of the Cusiom-Revtnut in England^ ii, p. 107 n.

• See below, S 18. pp. 210, 212.
" St4UuUs of tkc United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland^ i, pp. 1130-iï,

(1803).

" RotuliSekcti (ed. Hunter), p. 3a (7 John); cf. Tke Red Book of the Exckequer,
p. 1035. For the adjudication of claims of exemption from prise in London, see The
Third Part of the Report of Edward Bulstrode (1659), pp. 1-26, especially» pp. 9-10,
For London's abuse of her exemption by cnfraachising outsiders, see below, § 18,
p. 212.

» Calendar of Close RûUs^ Ed, I, vol. 1272-79. p. 22 (1273), Boys, History of
Sandwich, p. 540 (1301).

^ For later décisions limiling the exemption of the dtizens of these towns, in the
case of the citizens of the Cinque Ports to those ports, and in the case of the citizens
of London to that port, see Hale, Concerning the Customs ^ pp. 126-138.

** '* Only the dttyzcns of London, and those of the V portz are exempt from pri-
sage, but no other Englishe." MS., Br. M., Karl.» 1878, fol. 152 (about 17th cent).
Cf. MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 84/27 (23 Hen. VII); ibid., 86/3 (8^ Hen. VHI);
ibid., 87/25 (4 and 5-5 and 6 P. and M.).

»* 22 Hen. VIII, ch. 20, g 6. Staluîes of the Realm, iii, p. 352.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

accounts of the wine prise show, there was no ex^nption for the

men of the ancient demesne as such. From this we may perhaps
draw two condusions, first» that the institution of the prise does
not go so far back as the Conquest, and secondly, that, since the
men of the ancient demesne were exempt from local tolls, the
prise of wines does not belong to the local system, much as that
system may have influenced it. That the prise was in danger of
being treated simply as a local due is seen from the fact that the
crown had to make special efforts to prevent it from being col-
lected a second time when the wine was shipped in the coast
traded The danger arose largely from the fact that the nature of
the national customs in the hands of the lords of franchises was
imperfectly understood.

Not only in respect to exemptions and grants to collect was the
prise of wanes assimilated to the local system, but also by the
local variation in the ofhdal value of the wines taken by the king,
of which the only sur\''i\ing illustration was Bristol, where the
offidal value was 15 s. per tun, as we have already seen, while at
other ports it was 20 s. It is not clear why a merchant should be
penalised to the extent of five shillings per cask of wine prised,
for landing his wines in Bristol, unless perchance it was to en-
courage the use of ports more convenient for the king and less
exj>ensive for him to get his wines from than BristoL Another
e-xplanation is that the king, having originally taken fewer casks
of wine in the Bristol district, paid less for each one that he did
take. If this be the case,^ we have still another illustration of
local differences.

If the description of these four customs, called semi-national, be
correct, then, there existed shortly after the Conquest a more or
less complete set of national customs, some of which continued
to the nineteenth century but most of which early and gradually
sank into desuetude before the later and better-known customs.
Their decline was due in part to internal weaknesses such as
exemptions and grants, and to external drcumstances such as the

* Chse Rolls, Hen. Ill, iii, p. 420 (1337).
(40 Hen. III).

' See above^ p. 42, n. g.

Hale, De Poriibus Maris, p. 55

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

rise of prices in the thirteenth century,^ While this rise of prices
tended to strengthen the prise of wines, the only one of the four
customs that possessed great vitality, it undermined the others.
The absence of special national machinery for the collection of
these customs was probably another and a potent source of
weakness.

To sum up the theor>' of the semi-national customs, we should
say that the king, desirous of raising a revenue from trade, estab-
lished a national system of customs in imitation of the local
system, consisting of lastage, scavage, and the wine custom. To
these was accidentally added the prise of wines. The system,
however, had to meet powerful enemies both within and without,
the greatest of all being localism. In localism the system had its
prototjpe and in localism it met its destruction. The work of the
early sovereigns was fast disappearing, but it was not whoDy in
vain, for it created a tradition of endeavor and a desire for suc-
cess. The efforts of John and of the three Edwards form the
sequel to the efforts of their predecessors.^ ^

5. Tke national customs system of King John. WTiile the semi-
national customs were declining, new duties were coming in to
take their places. The first of these was apparently the fifteenth
of King John, " the fifteenth of the merchants in the seaports," *
Although it may have been included in the phrases '^ the customs
that belong to the king," * or ** the customs of the realm of Eng-
land,''* it was called ** the fifteenth,^' which neither recalls the
older dues nor exactly anticipates the later ones, but seems to
point to its unique position.

The Winchester Assize of Customs, dated 4 June, 1203, which
outlines the whole system, was enrolled as a letter patent,* and is
among the earliest of its kind preserved in England, though the

^ See my book^ Tha Evolution of the English Corn Market, pp, it -17.
' For the semi-national and the later aational customs, see the schedule belo
p. 90.

• See below, 5 ar, p. 221.

• MS,, R. O., Pipe RoU, L, T. R., No. $0, mcmb. 8a (6 John).
» Rôttdi Litter arum Palentium, i, pt. i, p. 44a.

• Ibid., pp. 42-43.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

original roll is in places now much less legible than the printed
copy. From this Assize we learn that the 6fteenth was a tax on
goods exported or imported, that is, only on goods entering into
the foreign trade. Distinction was made between foreign and
coast trade, the latter being recorded but not taxed.

A corps of customs officials was called into being to look after
the collection of the new tax and the enforcement of the accom-
panying commercial regulations. Both the later collector and the
controller were anticipated in the organization of this system.
We find, too, the later chest, tallies, chirographs, and certificates
of coast trade.

The fifteenth was instituted by King John ** by the advice of
our liegemen/' Although but little importance is to be attached
to this phrase, its presence indicates that some attempt was made
to secure the sanction of officials or magnates, those about the
king's person or his great officials, rather than any larger assembly.

Like the semi-national customs the fifteenth was national in so
far as it was instituted by the king and was collected only on
foreign trade.* But unlike them it was national in that it was
never, so far as we know, granted out to towns or to lords. But
there were a few cases of exemptions: one in favor of a merchant
of the Earl of Leicester,^ one in favor of the merchants of Nor-
way,* and the most important exemption purchased by the dty
of London/ These, however, indicate the danger that this or
any other national customs system faced in the days of extreme
localism when magnates sought to feudalize or decentralize, and
when towns endeavored to obtain exemptions for their citizens j

* The distinction between foreign and coast trade is seen, as it was worked out, in
the following case. A jury of the men of Portsmouth gave evidence concerning three
ships leaving their port: one was from Rochelle and had paid the fifteenth^ the
second was from Exeter and bore a certificate that the fifteenth had been paid at
Dartmouth, and the third was from Winchelsea with wine for which pledges (not the
fifteenth) had been taJten, as guarantees in the coast trade. Ahbrevioiio Pîacitorum,
p, Ç4 (temp. John, year unknown),

' Rotidi LUicrarum Pateniitim^ i, pt. i, p. 30 a (7 June, s John),

■ Rex, etc., Willelmo de VVrotham et sociis suis, etc. Mandamus vobis quod

quictis mercatores de Norwega quindena de mercandisîs suis. Roiuli Liikrarum

Chusarum, i, p. 7 a (5 Sept., 6 John).

* Madox, History and Aniiquities of the Exchequer^ i, p. 773 n. (9 John).

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

and, we must add, when kings were willing to mortgage future

returns for present gains.

We know, of course, that for a period this tax was collected,
for we have the accounts of money returned to the exchequer and
many letters showing the working of the assize.* But just when
it ceased to exist is not now discoverable. It probably was with-
drawn sometime during the period 1207 to 1210, that is, between
the time when London purchased the exemption referred to
above and the date of the account of '* the custodians of the sea-
ports and of the fifteenth,'' which does not make mention of the
collection of any tax.=

The cause of the early decline of this tax, we can only con-
jecture. The apparently unprecedented burden it imposed would
have been enough to arouse opposition. Nothing like 6f per cent
was to be found among the semi-national customs. It may have
been that the opportunity for local exemption was beyond any
but the richest city, London. From the fact, too, that new and
apparently complete machinery for collecting the tax was set up,
we should judge that the sovereign did not intend to infeudate the
custom to his nobles or others. These are reasons enough, even if
there were no others, such as the objection to the accompanying
commercial restraints. It may have been, of course, that King
John intended this as a war measure, as a source of revenue to tide
him over the struggle with France, and that after the war the
most pressing need for the tax no longer existed.

Connected with this custom, as with all of those dealt with
above, are problems not now easily solved. We do not know
whether this tax was collected in kind or in specie, although the
returns to the exchequer were of course reckoned in money.
From the fact, however, that in the Assize so elaborately describ-
ing the system of collection we find mentioned the collection of
the fifteenth and the safe chest in which to place it, but no ware-
house for goods, no officials to sell any merchandise, no instruc-
tions as to methods of sale, we may infer that money and not
merchandise was taken from the merchants. This is further cor-

* See below, § 21, pp. 221, 222.

■ Madox, History and Aniiquitics of the Exchequer ^ i, pp. 773-774,

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1273

roborated by the regulation conceriung wool, that no one was to
transport within the realm certain wool unless he had a license
containing a statement not only of the number of sacks but the
price (precium) of the wooL

Whether the Assize of 1203 was the document that ushered in
the tax or whether it is only a list of supplementary regulations,
we cannot now be certain; but it reads in every line as though a
new customs system were being established.

Although Hale apparently failed to note this effort of John,
several of the historians of the customs have given it considera-
tion. Madox, incomparable searcher among original documents,
was the first, I believe, to bring the system to light. ^ In 1835 the
Assize itself was edited by Hardy. In 1856 Thompson main-
tained that the fifteenth was on the movables of all merchants in
the kingdom.^ Stubbs held that *^ customs on general merchan-
dise were collected in the shape of a fifteenth or other sum levied
very much as a toll or a license to trade."* Hall, like Stubbs,
relied upon Madox for his knowledge of this tax, apparently not
studying the all-important Assize itself.* In 1888 Fabcr, who did
use the Assize, published a synopsis of the commercial regulations
accompanying the issuing of the orders to collect the tax.* Misled
by the position of the Assize on the roll, Faber assigned it to the
year 1204 instead of 1203. Simon in 1906 spoke of the fifteenth
as an obscure duty, concerning which it is difficult to arrive at the
truth.* And lastly, Mitchell, writing in 1914, caOed this *' the
fifteenth on the property of merchants ** and '* a levy on personal
property."'

Such is the literary history of the fifteenth in outline. Only
Hall made any very serious effort to understand the tax. He has
given a plausible explanation, consistent with his theory, that the
early royal right to seize or prise goods was commuted to a definite

* History and Antiquilies of ike Exchequer ^ i, pp. 771-775.
' The History and Antiquities of Boston^ p, 324.

* ConstUutionai History of England, ii (4th éd.), p. 550.

* History of the Custom-Revenue in England^ ii, pp. 81 f.
' Di€ Enistekung des A grarschutzes in England^ pp. 62-64.

* The History of the Wine Trade in England, i, pp. 82-83*
^ Studies in Taxation under John and Henry lily p. 69.

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

percentage of the goods taken by the king, either a tenth or a
fifteenth. This association of the tenth and the fifteenth, first
made apparently by Madox, looks attractive, for we are famîHai
with it as a definite tax on movables, but never, I believe, on
merchandise as such. But Hall refers to an earlier document in
substantiation of his position. This is the main source used tc
support the prise theory and has already been commented on in
part.* The section of this document or account which mentions
the tenth or tithe {décima) refers to a much earlier date than the
rest of the account. WTiile the account itself covers chiefly the
end of the reign of Richard I, this part covers only ten days oi
the first year of Richard I (1189-1190).* This oversight may be
fatal to the interpretation, for it is quite possible that the tenth h
the welJ-knoT^Ti Saladin Tithe, instituted in 1188 to be collected in
1 189. Or, it may have been a tallage on merchants comparable
to that on the Jews. At any rate there is no proof that it was on
trade as such.*

In this account of the reigo of Richard I there is no mention ol
the fifteenth. Indeed, this tax probably did not antedate the
reign of King John, whose handiwork it seems to bear traces of,
though we cannot be sure that it came into being in this or that
particular year of his reign.

What precedents King John had in mind, we do not know,
whether home or foreign experience. I suggest, however, that the
semi-national customs were the general models, that the idea oi
the percentage came from the tax on movables, and that the
machinery of collection was based on exchequer experience with
the Jews ^ and dtizens.

If our diagnosis be correct, then, the documents here presented
and studied, particularly the Winchester Assize, illustrate not a

* Sec above, pp. 17-18. ^
' Compotum de £xvtii et vî s. et vi d. de decimis mercatortim de pluribus mer-

caturU quas recepit per x dies in primo anno sicut dicit. MS., R. O., Pipe Roll,
No. 44, memb. ub,

* Somewbat in favor of HaU's view is a document printed in Madox {Hisktry and
A fUiquities of the Excheq^ter^ i, p. 775) : de Finibus et Dedmis Mercatorum de Stagno
ct aliis Mercaturis apad Londoniam*

* Stubbs, Sekd Charters, pp. 262-363.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

»
¥

nonnal but an exceptional tax, indicate not a gradually develop-
ing prise system of customs but a definite attempt to replace with
a national system, nationally administered, an older system that
had succumbed to locaUsm.

6. The new aid of 1266, The period between the extinction of
John's fifteenth and the establishment of the new aid of 1266 is
almost a blank. One may conjecture, and probably rightly, that
the only taxes on foreign trade le\ied during this interim were the
semi-national customs.

After the tragic death in 1265 of the great earl, de Montfort,
order began to emerge out of chaos. Part of this readjustment
involved the restoration of foreign trade to its nonnal condition.
To facilitate thisj Prince Edward, on the 12th of February, 1266,^
was given full supervision over all foreign merchants trading in
England. Shortly afterwards the Prince made an agreement
with the merchants in accordance with which he was to collect
on their goods, whether imported or exported, ''some reasonable
portion, whereby the merchants should not be immoderately
burdened.'* This was confirmed by the king on the second of
April, 1266.^

It would seem that subsequent political troubles forced the
king, as a precautionary measure, to prevent the merchants from
proceeding inland, at least in certain parts, notably around Poole *
All bailifis were soon notified that no one was to take any prise in
the king's name, or in any other, except the due and ancient prise
on wine, and that no one was to take any goods from the mer-
chants without their consent.* We learn, too, from a petition
that, although the merchants had promised a loan, nevertheless
their wool had been seized, apparently in the collection of a tenth
on movables^ for the support of a Cnisade. The merchants

» Calendar of Paient Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol. 1258^6, p. 551.

* Rymcr, Fuedera, etc., i, pt. i, p, 468. Cf. the version in Hale, Concerning ike
CmtamSf p. 142,

* Royal and other historical Letters illustrative of the Reign of Henry III, ii, pp. 30a-
S^3 (3 April, ia66).

* Calendnr of Patent Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol issShSô, p. 580 (7 April, 1266).

* Cf» Mitchell, Studies in Taxation under John and Henry III, pp. igi~2Ç3,

54 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

alleged that this stoppage of trade would react unfavorably o:
the custom accruing to the king.^ By February, 1267, the custoi
had clearly been collected for some little time, because on th
seventh of that month, it proved necessary to appoint two men t
supervise accounts of the collection of the tax. We are told als
that at this time arrears of taxes were due.*

This custom of 1266, though designated cusiuma^ and can
sududoy^ was generally called auxUiutn • or novum auxilium.^ W
have no accounts of this tax and do not possess the original pac
between Prince Edward and the merchants, the Carta Mercaiari
of 1266.

Although much that we should like to know about this tax i
still undiscovered, we do know a number of facts of first-rat
imp>ortance. It was a tax on goods exported or imp)orted,'^ pre
sumably on all wares. Denizens as well as aliens were subject t
it. Although it seems to have been at first collected directly b;
the agents of the Prince, later it was farmed out to certain Floren
tine merchants, whose names are on record.* They are said t

^ Et de custuma bonorum panim veniet ad dominum regem, et hoc non bonui
esset. Royal and other historical Letters illustrative of the Reign of Henry III, i
p. 308 (" Shortly before August 1266 ")•

* Calendar of Patent Rolls ^ Hen. Ill, vol. 1266-72, p. 129.

* See the second note above.

* Memorandum, quod cum Dominus Rex . . . concesserat Domino Edwardc
filio suo, capere consuetudinem de omnibus rebus per mare venientibus in Angliai
et de Anglia exeuntibus, et ipsa consuetudo dimissa fuisset quibusdam Itallids »
firmam reddendo Domino Edwardo vi mille marcas per annum. De Antiqui
Legihus Liber j p. 109.

Littere Domini Edwardi de nova Consuetudine Civibus remittenda. Ibid., [
no. Cf. also. Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen IH, vol. 1266-72, p. 456 (21 Aug
1270).

' Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen. IH, vol. 1266-72, p. 129 (7 Feb., 1267).

' Sciatis nos conccssisse et presenti scripto nostro confirmasse universis et sin
gulis Civibus Londoniarum, quod Uberi et quieti sint inperpetuum per totUE
regnum Anglie de novo auxilio nostro, quod habemus de dono Domini Regis, patri
nostri. De Antiquis Legibus Liber, p. no (26 April, 53 Hen. Ill, 1269). Cf. abc
Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen. HI, vol. 1266-72, p. 442 (15 July, 1270); ibid,, p. 61
(24 Jan., 1271-72); ibid., p. 630 (24 Feb., 1271-72); ibid,, p. 717 (10 Nov., 1272)
ibid., vol. 1272-81, p. 84 (27 March, 1275).

^ Rymer, Fcedera, etc., i, pt. i, p. 468 (2 April, 1266); De Antiquis Legibus Liba
p. 109; Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen. Ill, vol. 1266-72, p. 630.

* See above, p. 54, n. 4.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 127$

have paid the Prince 6000 marks a year for the farm.* Beginning
about 24 May, 1267, this custom was suspended for a short time
by King Henry in accordance with the wishes of the King of
France and the interests of the French merchants, until the repre-
sentatives of these merchants should have an opportunity of
making their position clear. How long this suspension was in
force is not definitely known, but it was probably not long after
the next fair of St Giles, Winchester, less than four months later,
when the matter was to be considered.*

One of the weaknesses of the older customs prevailed in this
new system. Towns, notably London and Beverley, secured
exemption from the tax, the former by the payment of 200 marks,*
the latter through the influence of the archbishop of York.* In
the efforts made up to that time to establish a customs system,
London seems to have been the chief and perhaps insurmountable
stumbling-block.
I We do not know whether parliament, or a great council, had
anything to do with the new aid of 1266. The probability is
strong that it did not. The tax was arranged by the Prince and
confirmed by the King at a time when the forces usually checking
the activities of the crowT) were at a low ebb.

Nor do we know w^hen the tax finally came to an end. It was
farmed out to certain merchants of Florence from 22 May, 1270,
until at least 24 December, 1272.* And on 27 March, 1275, we
find Luke of Lucca and his fellows appointed to collect it on
imports until a week after Easter, 1275.^ There is no further
information after that date. Probably the tax came to an end at
this time, about the Saturday after Easter, that is, 20 April, 1275.

I * Sec above, p. 54. n. 4,

r ' From about 34 May to the end of tJie fair, about 15 Sept., 1267.

■ Unde DomiDus Edwardus quieUnciani predicte consuetudiitb ad preces
eonim eb [dvibiis Londoniamm] concei^sit, fadendo cis super hoc litteras suas
patentes. Cives, vero, fecerunt ci Curialitatem, dantes ei cc. roarcas. Dt Aniiquis
Legibus Liber, p, 109 (26 April, 53 Hen. ID, 1259).

* Caiendar of Pateni Rolls, Hen. HI, vol. 1266-72, p. 223 (5 May, 1268)*

I * Ibid,, pp. 442, 617.

I * The omission of exports may have been due to a prohibition of exprortatiorii
such as we know existed in the case of the chief raw product» wool. See below,
p, 60, The reading of one document seems conclusive: ^' the king [Ed, I] and his

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

We can only conjecture the causes of its abolition. The pro-
hibition of all exportation to Flanders probably greatly lessened
the returns from the tax. The exemption of some of the towns,
especially the chief one, would detract from its importance in the
eyes of the government. That it was comprehensive, being
levied apparently on all wares entering or leaving England,
would increase the opposition to it. And the fact that» as an
aid, it was a temporary, even an emergency measure, would make
its continuance difficult.

How the tax was assessed is like^ase unknown, whether it was
a specific or an ad valorem duty, or in the form of a tonnage duty
on ships entering or leaving the country. From the fact that it
was to be a " reasonable portion/ * we may infer an ad valorem tax^
but whether a prise of goods or a money tax is not specifically
stated in the documents at hand.

This issue brings us back to the theory of the prise origm of the
customs system,^ We are still, according to this theory, in the
period of transition between the seizure of goods in the twelfth
century and the sharply defined money customs of the Edwards,
or in other words the period of the prise commuted to a money
payment of a tenth or fifteenth. We have already considered
this theory in its application to the reigns of Richard I ^ and
John,* and we have now to test it with reference to the reign of
Henry ni. Although Hall paid but scant attention to this period,
I have found more apparent evidence of a general prise for this
reign than for any other.

Matthew of Paris has described for us the practice of the royal
agents in 1253, who seized from the poor, '* especially from
traders '' {institores), their horses, carts, wines, and other wares,
comi>elling the owners to transport these things long distances,

father [Hen. Ill] prohibited the taking of wool or other merchandise to Flanders/*
etc. Caimdar of Chse Rolls, Ed, I, vol, 1272-79, p. 119 (10 April, 12^4), The
original prohibition was probably made in Sept., 1270, Calendar of Paitni Ralls,
Hen. Ill, vol. 1266-72, p. 462 (24 Sept., 1270), This prohibition seems to have
misled Hale (Concerning ihe Customs, p. 143), as to the scope of the tax.

^ See above, pp. ir, 45-47, 5i-53*

» See above, pp. 17, S^.

■ Sec above, pp. 38, 52.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY UP TO 1275

and paying nothing therefor,^ This looks like a prise, but it is
only purveyance, as the reference to horses and carts indicates.

In 1258, as we have noted,' the barons petitioned the king not
to bring about a payment of money in commutation of the prises,
whereby merchants of the realm would be unduly impoverished
and foreign merchants kept away. This appears to be a case of
prise on foreign trade, but a reading of the preceding clause shows
it to be purv^eyance for the royal household, made in fairs,
markets, and cities.*

In 1266 the new aid came upon the scene. Was it a prise of
goods or a tax in money ? Such evidence as is available indicates
the latter. The tax was called, not a prise but an aid and a cus-
tom. On one occasion a merchant of Bordeaux was given exemp-
tion from all prises, except the andent prise on wines, but he was
to pay the ** new aid/' *

The aid of 1 266, then, seems to have been something like a copy
of the fifteenth of King John: it was comprehensive for the times
in that it included, as it seems, all w^ares exported or imported; it
was a transition between the semi-national and the wholly na-
tional customs in so far as it suffered only from exemptions, not
from infeudation; it lasted only a few years and met an unknown
fate* Instead of linding the customs gradually developing out of
the prise, we have a few temporary money taxes, such as this aid
of 1266, each with its definite though obscure development.

It is an interesting fact that this custom of 1266, like its pred*
ecessor of 1203, has been but little noted and never, so far as I
am aware, set forth as a complete system in itself. HakewiU in
1 6 10 seems to have suspected something like it; ^ Hale quotes two
of the important surviving documents describing it; * and Ram-
say refers to another document but rejects its evidence in the
absence of official confirmation,' which he might have found in

* Ckrùnka Majora^ v, p. 370.

* See above, p. 17.

* Stubbs, Select Charitrs, p. 385.

* Calendar of PatcfU RoUs, Hen. Ill, vol. 1266-73, p. 42 {25 Feb., 1266-67),

* Siaie Trials, ii, p. 413.

* Concerning the Customs ^ p. 143.
^ Dawn of the ConstUutUm, p. 299. Cf. ibid,^ p. 314.

S8 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Rymer's Fadera,^ published generations ago, the Letters of
Henry m, published in 1866, and the Letters Patent either in
manuscript or as calendared. One of the reasons why this tax has
remained practically unknown is that it was usually called the
'' new aid "; but the more important reason is that probably aU
the available sources have never before been correlated. It is this
process that reveals the tax as a completely new system.

Although the new aid of 1266 was the last of an older order of
customs, in one respect it was an anticipation of what was to
come. It was an aid arranged with or granted by some body of
persons, in this case merchants.^ As such, it is the earliest subsidy
on foreign trade so far discovered and a remote ancestor of the
later well-known parliamentary subsidies.*

1 Even dted by Ramsay, Dawn of the Constituiion, p. 253.
' For the relation between the new aid of 1266 and the other customs, see the
schedule below, p. 90.
* See below, p. 78.

CHAPTER II

THE INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS,
1275-155^

7. The ancient custom of i2y$. In the preceding chapter much of
the informatioii is general or indirect; in the present chapter
most of it is specific and direct. While the earlier customs
described in the last chapter were^ generally speaking, of relatively
little importance or ephemeral, those instituted in the period
from 1275 onward were of great importance and of long duration.

Although we have abundance of the most detailed information
about the ancient custom of 1275, which was collected in England,
Wales, and Ireland and in force for a period of centuries,* we do
not possess the original grant or a copy of it. Although not now
serious, for we have contemporary documents - which enable us
virtually to restore the grant, this lack has nevertheless been the
cause of difference of opinion as to the name of the custom and as
to the significance of the name. The question has been, was the
custom of 127s called ** ancient'' or '* new " ? Bacon,* Davies/
Hale,^ and others were well aware that it was called " new " at
first. Hall maintained that it was called " ancient,"^ and erected
an elaborate theory upon this view.

As the documents printed below prove/ the custom was
originally called ** new.*' The question then becomes this —

* The aDcienl custom of 1275 virtually came to an end througli the decline of the
export of wool, wootfells, and hides in the sixteenth century and the absolute pro-
hibition of the exportation of these commodities in 1602, 1614, 1621, 1622, 1630,
1632, 1656, 1660, 1687, 1698» 1713, etc. BMiQtkua LituEamnu, A Bibliography of
Royal Prociamaiions , vol. 1485-1714, 5§ 928, 1150, elc.

Hale (Concerning the Customs, p. 151) said that in his time (Car. 11) the ancient
custom of 1 275 amounted to nothing and that the " book of rates at this day *' put
the custom •* in suspense.*'

' E, g., bcbw, §§ 23-2B, pp, 23$ f, * The Qnesii^m coneeming ImposUioHs,p,$2.

* State Trials, ii, p. 397» ' Ctmcerning Ike Cmtoms, p. 147.

* History of the Custom-Revenue in England , ii, p. 90. Social England, ii, p, 104,
^ S5 a^, 23, pp. 223, ^35.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

How and when did the new custom of 1275 come to be called
" andent ** ? Three different answers have been propounded.
Hale ^ and Kunze * believed this custom was called ** ancient **
after the new custom of 1294, a temporary tax,' was instituted.
DowelP and Meredith* stated that the custom of 1275 was
called "andent** from the year 1297 onward, when, being
recognized by the Cmtfirmatio Carkirum, it recdved the stamp of
an established institution. The third position is that this custom
was called " new " till the custom of 1303 was brought into
being.

The custom of 1275 was called ** andent '' when the new wool
subsidy, also called ** new custom/* ^ of 1294 was established,
but this was for a short period only, till 1297, when the tax was
abolished. Thus the third view is, with this exception, correct-
No argument on its behalf is necessary, for the detailed or
itemized accounts of the customs prove that, with the exception
noted, up to the day when the custom of 1303 was granted» this
of 1275 was called " new,** ^ In the grant of 1303 the custom of

* Concemins the Customs^ pp. 147, 156,

* Uanseakten aus England, p. xxxvi, n. ii,

* Sec below, n. 6 and p. 90.

* History of Taxation and Taxes in England^ 1, p. 85.

* Ectmomic History of England, p. 173.

* On J! Feb., U96-97, a grant was referred to as being made out of ^* tJie first
money arising from the custom, new and old. on wools which the duke's [of Lonaine]
merchants buy/' Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. I, vol, 1292-1301, p. 232. See
below, p, 79, n. 2,

' For example in the account for Hull, 1302-1303.

Rotulus Ricardi Oysel et Roberti de Barton' custodum novc custume Domini
Edwardi Regis Anglic Illustris apud Kyngestoniam super HuMam a die Pentecostes
anno regni prcdicti Edwardi Regis tricesimo usque ad festum Pentecostes anno
regni dicti Edwardi Regis tricesimo primo.

On the very day (1 Feb.) that the new custom of 1303 was instituted, this
ftccoimt records a shipment as follows:

Navis Egidii biii W^illemi de Cortekyn transfretavit a porta de Hulk primo die
Febniarii

Martinus de Raceburgh' habuit in eadem ix saccos xvi petras lane in x

sarplaribus et so luit bdiîi s. id. q.
Conradus Clipping" habuit in eadem iii saccos xxii petras lane in ilii

sarplaribus et soluit xxv s. vii d. ob. q.
Hardelefus Spicenayle habuit in eadem xv saccos i petram lane in xvi
sarplaribus el 1 poka et soluit c s. iii d.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

1275 was for the second time officially designated ** ancient." *
AD earlier references to the ancient custom of 1275, except for
the period 1294-97, are probably not genuine,^ The new custom
of 1275 became permanently ** ancient '' when that of 1303 was
imposed. There is no other explanation.

Since the custom of 1275 was called " ancient " much longer
than " new/* and since '* new " was applied to the custom of 1303
for a correspondingly Iqng time, we had better adopt the phrase
the " ancient custom." To this should be added " of 1275," to
differentiate it from a later ancient custom.^

The term ** great custom " was also applied to the duty of 1275,
and if used in this connection should have the date attached —
the great custom of 1275 — to distinguish it from a later great
custom.*

Probably arising from the loss of the original grant of 1275 is
another difficulty, as to the identity of the commodities that were
subject to the tax. All agree that wool, woolfells, and hides were
the chief articles.

Davies added to these tin and lead.^ Hall included not only
tin and lead but provisions as well/ I cannot surmise the source
of the error in the case of provisions^ but both Davies and Hall
were following later statutes when they included lead and tin.'
Hall puts the rate on these two commodities at 3 d. per £,

Henncus de Wamethoip' habuit in eadcm tii saccos xxii petras lane in iiii
Barplarîbus et soluit ixv s. vîi d. ob. q.
The rate of the *' new *' (our ancient) custom of 1275 is 6 s, 8 d. for wool, the
rate found in this document, while that of the new custom of 1503 is 3 s, 4 d,
> Sec below, g 30, p, 265.

* Hall {History of Ike Custom-Rntnue in Ertghnd, ii, p, 38 n.) quotes a docu-
ment of 25 and a6 Ed. I which contains the words aniiqtta Cft^tuma. An examination
of Madox {History and Antiquities of the Exchequer^ i, pp. 783-784 n.) shows that
the expression is a paraphase of the original. It was an unjustified and misleading
interpolation, dictated by the desife to save space. For a similar interpolation, see
ii. p* 153, line 18, " the New Custom of 10 s.," which should be compared with
RoiuIiPorliamentûrumj iii, p, 556.

* See below, pp, 73-77. * See below, pp. 73-76,

* The Question concerning Impositions, p. 81.

* History of the Custom- Revenue in England^ i, pp, j, 66; ii, p, 118. Set also,
Atton and Holland, The King's Custom, i, p. 6.

' 14 £d. Ill, St I , ch. 21. Statutes of the Realm, i, p. 289.

62 TEE EARLY ESGUSH CUSTOMS

tberebr a-x^sa^ the nev cnstam at i^^ vith the andent cos-
Umh of 1275. the ionaer bdnr Iraed on afiens oolr and the latter
en fcrjCh afiexB uni drrôytw Hie onnfaAwi bcfmi the two
castixoi k a natmal ooe because, as ve ha^e seen, both are
fecxfid in the records labefled ^ nev." Lipson. msmteqiRtmg
HalL ixKioded the recXa ^risa of wines in the ancient costom.^
StobbsbeM that "^ it was leried on an exports." > The dirvrgence
here is great and far-readung. as is the error in^nhned.
No eialx«ate arguments are needed to prove that the ancient
costom of 1275 was due on wooL wocdfeHs. and hides and these
only. The docnments printed in this book prove thb fact
condnsively.'

The origin of this tax. Uke its name and the goods xspaa which
it was ItvUd, has been a matter of dispute. Sinchdr asserted that
Edward I. having on his journey to the Holy Land seen similar
taxes in force, tried the expciiment in Eng^and.^ It may be that
the suggestion did come from abroad, but such a amjecture must
give way to the stronger probabilities of native growth. As to
this pc«nt aU or neariy all writers, other than Sinchdr, are agreed.

It is a matter of general belief that there was a previous cus-
toms system to which the custom of 1275 was in some way
related. Da vies asserted that the custom of 1275 was a " reduce-
ment '' or " diminution " of an earlier tax.^ Hale said that
"possibly" the custom of 1275 "discharged" an earlier cus-
tom.* With Hall the possibility of Hale has returned to the
certainty of Davies: the andent custom of 1275 ^)^^^ & " reform "
of an earlier duty.^ This is part and pared of the prise theory
developed by Hall to explain the obscure history of the early
customs. The contention that the custom of 1275 ^^^^ called
" andent " from the first, an erroneous contention as we have
seen, was taken to corroborate this view. A similar bit of false

* An IfUroductûm to the Economic History of England^ i, p. 522.

* Constitutional History of England (4th éd.), ii, p. SSi-
« See below, ff 23-28, pp. 224-256.

* History of the Public Revenue of the British Empire (ed. of 1803), i, p. 109.
» The Question concerning Impositions, p. 33.

* Concerning the Customs j p. 143.

"* History of the Custom-Revenue in Engfand, i, p. 66.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1 $$8

evidence was used by Hale/ and we may add by Dowell,* when
he referred to a statute of the year 1266,' which we know to have
been of a later date/ a statute which implies the existence of a
wool custom.

Hale, as if dissatisfied with his conjecture, wisely examined the
state of the export trade just before the year 1275. He found the
export of wool to Flanders, the chief consuming district» pro-
hibited * (since 1270),^ or permitted only under special license,^
In this he saw the preparation for the tax of 1275. But it was a
preparation, nothing more. According to Hale it rendered the
merchants more inclined to purchase relief from restraint by the
payment of a tax and the accumulation of goods made the tax at
once a success.

The view here taken is that the custom of 1275 was at first new
in reality as in name; that it had no connection with the new aid
of 1 266 or any other custom of the time. The new aid of 1 266 had
probably fallen of its own weight.* The custom of 1275 avoided
the weakness of the aid of 1266: it was levied on only three
articles and on these only when exported; it allowed no exemp-
tions; and it was brought into being not by royal fiat, but by
cooperation with the people and their representatives.

Two ideas, indeed, are the key to the tax, compromise and
cooperation. While only a few articles were to be taxed, there
were to be no exemptions. This was the compromise. The
cooperation with the people, or groups of people, was written into
the new system by the plan of having two collectors elected in
each port to act with one of the king^s appointees. It was further
implied in the highest sense by the manner of authorization, by

Concerning tht Customs, p. 144.

* History of Taxalimi attd Taxes in England, i, p. 84.

* 51 Hen. iri^ St. 5, ch. 6, Staiuks at Largty \^ p, 36.

* StatuUs of the Realm, Î, p. i^ya.

* Calendar of Close Rolls, Ed, I, vol. 1272-79» p. iig (10 April, 1274); MS.,
R. O., Originalia, 3 Ed. I, No. 3S (order to Gilt)crt of Gaunt); Rotuii Hundreâùrum,
h PP' 3 14a I 331b, etc.; ii, p. 4b; W passim.

' Calendar of Patent Rolls, Hen. HI, vol. 1266-73^ p, 462 {24 Sept,» 1270),
' Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed, I, vol 1272-81, pp. 13-27 (17 Jwi.-io Nov,,
1273), p. 48 {iS April, 1274).
■ See above, p, 56.

64 THE EARLY EXGUSH CUSTOMS

iMdi the first two estates and rcfvesentatives of the tUid
cxMisented to the tax.

This brings us to the long-dispated qaestkin, wUch can now be
settled dcfimtivdy, whether the custom of 1275 was anthcNized
by Idng-in-paiiianicnt or by king-m-comuiL

It was asserted in a judicial review of the year 1559, as repcMted
by Dyer, that the custom of 1275 grew up in commcm law.^
Chief Baron Fleming maintained that it was a royal " imposi-
tion," ' as did Da\-ies a few years later.' Davies, however, so
qualified his statement as to leave it a quibble. On the other
hand Baoon,* Hale,* and Hall * regarded the grant as parliamen-
tary. Stubbs, omsidering the questicm with great care, was not
at an sure whether the so-called parliament of April, 1275, was
really a fuU pariiamenL^ The issue in its extreme form is, of
course, constitutional and does not primarily concern us here.
On the one hand there is the French document which indicates
that the grant was made by a great council; ' on the other hand
the Latin document which points to a fuU parliament* The
question has been at last closed by the discovery of the summons
sent to knights of the shire and to buigesses, which proves
that a fuU parliament was called.^

We are now able to bridge the gap betwe^i the prohibition of
the export of wool in 1270 above-mentioned, and the grant by
parliament in 1275. '^^ prohibition prepared the minds of the
members of parliament (Hale said of the merchants), eq>ecially
of the owners of wool, for a tax as the price of the freedom of
exportation formerly enjoyed. This device was reverted to, for
example in the year 1336,^^ to wring from parliament a subsidy
on wool.

» Dyer, Les Reports, etc., ed. of 1688, p. 165b (Hillary, i Eliz,). Sec also, Hak,
Concerning the Customs, p. 148. ' StaU Trials, ii, p. 388.

' The Question concerning Impositions, pp. 32-33.

* Stale Trials, ii, p. 397. * Concerning the Customs, p. 147.

* History of the Custom-Revenue in England, ii, pp. 67-68.

' Constitutional History of England, ii, pp. 113, 201, n. i, 256, n. 5.

* Sec below, f 22, p. 223. • Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 451-453.

'* Jenkinson, English Historical Review, zxv, pp. 231-242 (1910); Stubbs, Select
Charters (ed. of Davis), pp. 441-442.
" Stubbs, Constitutional History of England, ii, p. 554.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, I27S-ISSS

I
I

It is interesting to note that, although granted by parliament,
this tax was called a ** custom/* not a subsidy,* This does not fit
in with the law>Tr's theor>% as is so often the case in the history of
the customs. In 1538 the generalisation was made,= since re-
peated,* that while a subsidy was of parliamentary origin^ a
custom was not.* This was probably a late fourteenth-century
distinction carried on into the sixteenth century and later, based
in part upon the erroneous belief that the custom of 1275 was
instituted by the king, and in part upon the actual fact that
the new custom of 1303 and the cloth custom of 1347 were
established by the crown.

The name " custom " was originally local The first national
taxes on trade were not specifically called ** custom '^ but " last-
age;** " scavage/' " comage," " prise/' " fifteenth/^ and " aid." ^
The first important * national custom to which it was exclusively
and continuously applied was that of 1275, This fact has prob-
ably had not a little to do with the emphasis put upon the cus-
toms from 1275 onward and the neglect of real historical inquiry
into the earlier period.

We conclude, therefore, that the andent custom of 1275 was
not of royal origin, was not a reform of past practices, and was
not an outgrowth of the prise; that it was a really new custom,
new in kind, in the machinery of collection, and in the authority
establishing it,

' HaJe {Concerning the Customs, p. 156) called it " the old subsidy of wooDs,
wcwUfells and leather." See also bcbw, p. 223.

* Dyer, Les Reports, etc., ed. 168S, p. 43b (Mich., 30 Hen. \1II).

* For example by Leadam (Palgrave's Diciimiary of PoiUkai Economy^ s. v.
** Subsidies*'), who quotes a definition given by Cowel {The Interpréter^ ed. 1708^
s. V. ** Subsidy *') which is meant for the subsidy on land and movables, not on
tnde. In a case reported by Da vies {Les Reports des Cases , . , en Ireland, ed, of
1674, pp. 8b and i ib), this distinction between a custom and a subsidy was asserted
on the authority of Dyer, The case was the King v, Waterford on the subject of the
customs, Trinity term, s Jac. L Cf. Hall, History oftht Custom-Revenue in Enghnd,
i, p. 72; ii. p. 145.

* Sec below, p. 77.

' The new aid of 1266 was at times but not usually called " custom.**
' The minor duty on imported wine was called a '* custom " on wine, but also

** Ic comage." Hohlbaura, Hansisckes Urkundcnbuck, iii, § 602 lea. 1150].

66 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

8. The new cusiam of 1303. This is the fourth and most im-
portant custom bearing the name ** new custom/' the others
belonging to the years 1266/ 1275,^ and 1294.' And so to dis-
tinguish it from the others, we should indicate the year of origin.
It is to be noted, too, that the official formula was nova custuma^
the singular not the plural,'*

The Carta Mercaioria, or charter of liberties granted to foreign
merchants in return for the pa>TQent of this new custom/ is
unquestionably the most important document in the early history
of the customs. It provided a complete system of duties on all
goods exported or imported by aliens. Its serves today as an
official commentary on the history of previous customs. As events
proved, its various divisions were to serve as models for later
customs. This last point may be illustrated by an analysis of the
various duties included in it.

Analysis of Carta Mercatoria duties of 1303 :

1. New custom on wine imported (sect, 14), later called *'but-
lerage,'' This was 2 s. per tun and a prototype of the subsidy
of tunnage well known in later history,*

2. New custom on wool, wool fells, and hides exported (sect.
15), 3 s. 4 d. for a sack of wool and for 300 woolfells, and 6 s. 8 d*
for a last of hides. The success of this duty pointed the way to
still further customs on these commodities, the subsidy on wool,
woolfellSj and hides.^

3. New custom on doth exported or imported:

Scarlet doth or cloth in grain , 2 s. (sect. 16)

Cloth in part grain i s. 6 d. (sect, 1 7)

Cloth without ^rain , 15. (sect. 18)

These constituted the model for the cloth custom of 1347.*

4. New custom on w^ax, 12 d. per quintal, imported or ex-
ported (sect. 19). No later custom was based on this,

5. All other wares, exported or imported, fine cloths, animals,
com, and general merchandise at 3 d, per £ value (sect* 20).

^ See above, p. 54, n, 4. ' See above, p. 59.

■ See above, p. 60 and below, pp. 79, 90.

• Occasionally the plural is found, for example, § 35, below, p. 346.

• See below, { 29, pp. 257-264. ' See below, pp. 78-80.

• See below, pp. 83-84. ' See below, pp. 72-73.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, J 275-1559

I
IP

This was the model for the later subsidy of poundage.* Thus,
every branch of the custom, with the exception of that part
relating to wax, was an anticipation of some important later
addition.

The Carta Mercahria refers to many of the older customs,
Exemption was granted (sect. 3) from murage, pontage, and pav-
age, town customs which were frequently granted by the king to
the towns, but there was no exemption from the general town cus-
tom, the custuma ville. Two of the semi-national customs, the
prise of wines and the wine custom, are also mentioned. Instead
of the prise of wines (sect, 14),^ aliens were henceforth to pay
2 s. per tun,^ a rate which makes us revert to the wine imposi-
tion of 1288, at first 4 s. per tim but later reduced to 2 s/ The
new custom on wine, it was stated, was not to release aliens from
the payment of the old wine custom, dosely related to scavage,
akeady considered in detail.^ For the second time, as we have
seen,* the custom of 1275 was called " ancient/' It was the Carta
Mercaioria which gave this due its official permanent designation.

Since the Caria Mercaioria is held to constitute part of the
evidence in favor of the prise theory of the origin of the customs,
we must again stop to consider this theory. It asserts that the
*' indefinite prisage '* existing in the case of all wares, except wool,
woolfells, and hides which were taxed under the act of 1275, was
now commuted to definite customs.^

The word ** prise,'' prisa^ is used in the Carta Mercaioria in
three different senses. Once it is purveyance (sect. 7), which was

• See below, pp. 80-83.

■ In the reign of Charles I, bytlerage is said to have been officially described as
freight. Sec Atton and Holland, The King's Custom^ i, p. 87. A careless reading of
(sect, 14) might lead to this interpretation.

• Wrongly put at i s. a tun by Ramsay, Genesis of Lancaster^ ii, pp. 87, 89^ 90,
$S2. This book is Elled with errors of fact and judgment in the parts relating to the
customs.

• Calendar of Fine Rothf Ed. I, voL 1 272-1307, pp. 248, 255, 275, 300, 333,

• Why the plural, old custom^ (aniiqne cmtume) on wines, is used, I do not
know. It may reâect the fact, which is also specifically set forth, that this custom
had been granted out to others. The plural may reflect the plural ownership, or it
may be local variations in rates,

• See above, p. 60.
^ Hail, History of the Cushm-Revenue in England^ ti^ p. X19.

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

henceforth not to be made against the will of the merchants, a
guarantee paralleled by both earlier and later regulations. There
is also the general irregular prise of merchants' wares from which
foreign merchants were to be exempt (sect. 25). And there is the
prise of wines {sect. 14), no longer to be collected from aliens.

We are now in a fK>sidon to draw conclusions as to the validity
of one of the most important pieces of evidence adduced in sop-
port of the prise theory. There is, of course, no question about
the fact that the sovereign had now pledged himself to take no
more irregular or *' indefinite '* prises from the merchants' w^ares.
It has already been pointed out that this was a cormnon and inter-
mittent practice of kings.^ But this practice had nothing to do
with the founding of the customs system, except in the case of
wines, as has been indicated; and this was an accident,* The
proof of this is that customs systems had been in existence long
before the one with which we are now dealing, as is set forth in the
preceding chapter. It is self-evident that an event w^hich follows
a development cannot be the cause of that development. So the
giving up of general prises in 1303 could not have been the origin
of la stage, scavage, and wine custom, as found in the twelfth
century, the fifteenth of King John, the new aid of 1266, or the
ancient custom of 1275. For the last-named, Hall made excep-
tion. For the others he made none, because he either did not know
of their existence or misunderstood their character.

The exemption from irregular prises was but one of about a
dozen privileges granted in return for the new custom, every one
of which was important, and the aggregate of which unquestion-
ably outweighed the exemption from prise. Even if we consider
the Caria Mercatoria by itself, then, wt cannot say that the new
custom was established in lieu of the irregular prise.

Moreover, according to the theory, as elsewhere stated by Hall,^
the " indefinite '' prise had given way to a definite prise com-
mutarion at least one hundred years before the custom of 1303
was established. Obviously both statements cannot be true. In
fact, both are false*

* See above, p. 20. ' See above, p. 42.

> Sisiory oj ike Custom-Revenue in England^ ii, p. 81.

à A «i.. «.

INSTITUTIONAL BISTORY, 1275-1558 69

The stipulation was made in the Caria Mercatoria (sect. 24) that
the new custom, once it had been paid at the port of importation
or exportation, was not to be collected a second time in the reakn
in case the goods were moved from one English town to another.
This reflects the difficulty that the government found in making it
clear to citizens that the national system was different from the
local in which customs were paid on goods going from port to
port or town to town within the same reahn.^

The fifteenth of King John and the new aid of 1266 are recalled
in the ad valorem rate of 3 d, per pound sterling on general mer-
chandise. The whole document, too, bears a close resemblance to
the charter granted a few months previously to the merchants of
Aquitaine,^ some of the stipuJations being practically identical
Probably both were granted with the expectation that with a
larger and steadier revenue the king could the more easily win
the war against the Scots,

If the alleged Caria Mercatoria of 1266 ' were at hand, we might
find a further parallel for the document of 1303.

There is no serious * question as to whether parliament had any
hand in the establishment of this custom. The Caria Mercatoria
was a royal charter based on no action by the representatives of
the realm. But there is a question whether the charter involved a
grant from the merchants as the document itself indicates (sect.
24), or was an imposition virtually forced upon them, Hakewill

* As late as 141 2 it was deemed necessary to repeat thk clause in the Caria
Mercaiorm that no second custom should be charged on foreign trade. MS.» R, O,,
K, R. Customs, 150/16 (Yarmouth, 30 Nov., 14 Hen. IV)* Cf. also, Exchequer
K. R. Proceedings, 144/139 (4 s. tax on wine imijosed, 16 Ed. I).

* See below, p. 258,

* See above, p. 54.

* Sir James Ramsay (Dmtm of the ConstUution, p. 485) has asserted that the
" consent of Parliament was obtained in a session held at Odiham in January, 1303,
in which the Commons were duly represented,'* The evidence adduced is a state-
ment in the anonymous Annaies Londoniemts (pp. 130-131) that tbis consent was
gt%Tn by parliament: ex voluntate et commuai assensu baronum et communitatum
Angliae. The Odiham gathering, however, was probably a great council not a fuïl
parUament. (Farimmmtary Writs, i, p. 134), In 1311 it was claimed that the
Caria Mercatoria duties had been imposed '* without the assent of the Baronage "
(Statutes of the Rpalm, i, p. 159). Even if such confirmation by the baronage did
take place, the grant was still non -parliamentary.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

maintained that the contractual element of the charter proved
that the king was not free to impose a custom at will; * but Bacon
held that it was essentially a matter of prerogative.^ Neither
position is exactly correct. Although the king might have im-
posed these duties in a high-handed way, he did actually choose
to act under the guise of a contract. Of course the contract was
between parties of unequal strength, for the merchants had little
more than moral sanction. But in the eyes of a wise prince
moral sanction is a power in itself. How far this proved sufficient
under later sovereigns, how far the contract was lived up to, would
require a special study to settle, and even then could probably not
be accurately determined.

After the new custom had been established, the king sought to
persuade the Enghsh merchants to pay the tax, but without
success,' We are told neither why they refused to pay nor why
Edward bad appealed to them rather than to parliament; but we
may make a tenable conjecture in both cases, for the situation is
obvious. The English merchants saw their privileged position
threatened when the king extended to aliens exemption from tolls
which practicaUy they alone had formerly enjoyed; and also,
when the crown threw open to aliens certain rights in local trade,
formerly the monopoly of merchant burgesses of England, While
they were unwilling to countenance a custom involving such
exemptions and privileges, they would be, of course, opposed to
paying any new tax themselves because of the additional burden.

With the later history of the new custom of 1303 we are not so
much concerned, except to note in outline the chief landmarks of
its development. In 1309 this custom, with the exception of that
part relating to wool, woo If ells, and hides, was suspended,* as a
concession to the people who had stated in petition that the new
tax raised prices.* In less than one year, the custom was restored,*

* Stdù: Trials, ii, p. 424. * Ihià.y p, 397,

' Stubbs, SeJtd Ckarlers, pp. 500-501; Letter Book a f London ^ vol, C, p, 122,

* Cûltnàar of Close RoUs, Ed. 11^ vol, 1307-13, p. 170 (20 Aug.).

* Roltdi Farliameniorum, i, p. 444,

* Calendar of Fine RoUs, Ed. II, vo!. 1307-19, pp. 67-68 (2 Aug.) : " it being now
clear that no utility resulted to the king and people in Uie better price of such
merchandise thereafter hitherto from the cessation of the said customs.'*

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1375-155«

Whether the experiment had seemed to fail, as the officials said,
or the king simply found an opportune moment to act as his own
interests dictated^ we cannot be sure.^ In 131 1 the whole of the
new custom was abrogated by the Lords Ordainers.^ It was
restored only in 1322 when the king was victorious over the
opposing party.* This restoration by royal command indicates
the attitude taken by the crown to the constitutional question.

It has been maintained that this custom was at one time or
another confirmed by parliament. Bacon said that it was during
the first year of Edward III/ but what he probably refers to was
^mply a royal confirmation.* Raxnsay asserted that it was
" formally legalized " in 1332,® but on what authority is not
apparent. Stubbs, probably following Hale/ maintained that it
received " legal sanction ^' in the year 1353. What Stubbs meant
by ** legal sanction " is difficult to understand.^ At any rate,
as we have seen, both Hale and Stubbs were very much in error.
HakewUl alleged that it was confirmed by parliament in the
thirty-sixth year of Edward III,^ Such a confirmation has not
been found. It probably was never made, at least not explicitly.

Only a special study would determine at what dates the various
parts of the new custom of 1303 came to an end. The part relating
to wool, wooifells, and hides was moribund from the reign of
James I J** After 1672 the new custom on exports was to cease*"
The last of the new custom on imports, the butlerage of wines,
came to an end in 1809.*'

' See above, p. 70, n. 6.

' 5 Ed. lip cti. II. Skitutes of the Realm, i, p, 159.

• Calendar of Fine RoUs, Ed. II, voL 1319-27» pp* 145-147 (ao July).

* Siate Trials, ii, p. 398.

* Ryiner, Fœdera, etc., it, pt. 2, pp. 747-748. (8 Aug., 2 Ed. Ill, 1328.)

■ Genesis of Lancaster ^ ii, p. 88.
' See above, p. 9.

• Both Ashley (An Inirodudion to English Economic History and Theory, pt. i,
p. 108) and Lipson {An Introduction t^f iht Economic History of Engl^nd^ i, p. 524)
lake this ** legal saction '■ to be an act of parlmment, the latter in a footnote making
reference to the passage of Stubbs.

■ Stoic Triais, ii, p. 432,
*• See above, p. 59, n. i.

" 25 Car. II, ch. 6» { i. Statutes of the Realm, v^ pp. 791-792.
" See above, p. 42.

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

9. The cloth custom of 1347. On 3 March, 1347, this custom
was authorized.^ At first known officially simply as custuma
pannorum, it came later to be called ** pannage." * It was to be
paid by both aliens ' and denizens on cloth exported ^ abroad.
The rates, together with those of the new custom of 1303 ,* are as
follows:

Customs* on Cloth Expokied Abroad, 1303-1558

Ordinary Woolen Cloth

FuU
grain

Half
grain

Without
grain

Wonted Cloth

Single

Doable

Bed Cloth

Sii«le

Doable

New cust. of 1303

Denizens

Aliens

Cloth cust. of 1347

Denizens

Aliens

8. d.

None
2 o

2 4

3 6

8. d.

None
I 6

1 9

2 7

8. d.

None
I o

I 2
I 9

8. d.

None
3d.per£

o I
o ij

8. d.

None
3d.per£

o 2
o 3

8. d.

None
3d

pcr£3cL

None
.per£

o 5
o 7i

o 9^
oi3i'

It is apparent what advantages denizens had over aliens ' as long
as the latter were compelled to pay both the custom of 1303 and
that of 1347.

The necessity for this new levy was probably the Himdred
Years War. The correlation between war and customs revenue is
a close one and no time could illustrate it more clearly than the
reign of Edward III.

This tax was imposed by the king with the assent of the
larger coimdl. It is a clear case of the institution of a custom
without the consent of a full parliament, Sir Edward Coke to the

» MS., Br. M., Add. 18612, fol. 93.

* MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 42/8 (15-16 Hen. VLU),

* The Hanse merchants were exempt from the duy of 1347. Their names do not
appear in the accounts. See below, §§ 44, 45, 46. Cf. Hale, Concerning ike Customs,
pp. 204-205, 233.

* Although explicitly declared to be due on cloth exported abroad, it was collected
on imported cloth also. See below, § 58, p. 679 (27 Aug., 1504).

* See above, p. 66; below, § 29, p. 263.

* Not including subsidies, which are dealt with below, pp. 82-83.
' See below, App. B. [7, 8], p. 692.

INSTITUTIONAL BISTORY. 1275-1558

contrary notwithstanding.^ But it was not imposed without
excuse. The king had for some time received a revenue from wool
exported abroad; but now this wool was being made into cloth
and exported custom-free as far as denizens were concerned, and
at a low rate as far as aliens were concerned.^ It seemed only
fair to the revenue-hungry government to tax manufactures as
heavily as the raw materials.

The Commons petitioned against the tax on the grounds that
aliens would be kept away from England and that the makers
[of cloth] would be impoverished. The petition was denied on the
ground that the king should have customs from cloth as well as
from wooL^

Although Hale * devotes considerable attention to this tax, the
other leading authorities ignore it. In reality the imposition of
this custom may be regarded as the third important step in the
Edwardian customs establishment; of less importance than that
of 1275 or 1303^ but still deserving of special attention on account
of the income it brought to the crow^n and the length of time it
was in force/ as well as for its discrimination against aliens and
against home manufacture. The reason why it has apparently
never before received this consideration is that it was soon merged
with part of the new custom of 1303 to form the petty custom,
and thereby lost its identity*

10. Great custom and petty custom. This section introduces no
new customs, but merely a recombination of duties already con-
sidered indi\aduany. Its chief importance consists in the elucida-
tion of the use of technical terms. The subject of past official
usage of words is not in itself interesting and has no other excuse
for emphasis now than demonstrable importance. This lies in the
fact that no one can now interpret accurately the customs docu-
ments that he uses without knowing what the officials meant to
include in the various terms,

' See above, p. 6,

■ MS., Br. M,, Add.» 18613; Rûiuli PnrHamentorum^ ii, p. i68b*

• Rotuli ParliamcnioTum^ ii, p. ï68b.

* Concerning tiu Customs, pp, 165-170, 233-235,
» That is, until Queen Mary's doth imposition of 1558. Sec below (ij), p. 91.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

The terms most difficult to use are ** great '' and ** petty,"
** ancient ** and " new/* The reason for this is tliat as time went
on, either the meanings given to the words changed^ or the
articles included under them. Part of this difficulty has already
been explained, especially with reference to the ancient custom of
1275 and the new custom of 130J.*

In the study of the terminology of the customs, as in the study
of customs origins, we must go to the local customs for a back-
ground. The local customs were called ** petty/' while the na-
tional custom, the ancient custom of 1275, was called ** great/'
at least as early as 1301,' When the new custom of 1303 was
established, it was called ** petty ** ' in contrast to the great
custom of 1275,

Soon after the new custom of 1303 was established, it was
divided. That part relating to wool, woolfells, and hides was
joined to the ancient custom of 1275 also on these commodities.
For a long time they were collected as the " ancient and new
customs/* * or merely the ** customs/' * on wool, woolfells, and
hides. When the memory of their different origins had faded
away, they coalesced, and were quoted under one rate.* When a

* See above, pp. 59 f-- &*^-

* Item habct dominus rex maigiium [s^''! custtimam de lanis, coriis, et pellibus
lanuUb, Bo3r5, History of Sandwich, p. 539.

* Rotulus . » . custodum et coUectorum pan'^e nove custume de mercîmonis
transfreiatis a portu de K>Tige5toma super Hullam, MS.» R. O-, K. R. CustomSi
SS/ii (4 JuIy-28 Sept., 1J04).

In 1306 the merchants of Brabant asked to have assigned to them the twm
cuslumû coDected on their Roods imported into London in payment of debts due to
them. The king replied: Assignetur eis custuma petila, RotuH ParliamcrUorum, i,
pp. 194-195-

* For example, Compotus . . . coUectonim vcteiis et nove custume lananim
peliium lanutamm et comorum ac eciam nove custume vinonim pannonim et
aliarum rerum mercandisarum in portu viJIe BrisloUi appHcancium et ex iode
exeuncium. MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 15/4 (7 April, 1325-1 June, 1326).

Particule . . . coUectorum antique el nove custum[anim| in portu Cicestrie de
exîtu earundem custumar[um]. K. R. Customs, 32/9 (23 Aug., 10 [Ed. III|-8 Nov,,
12 lEd. III]).

' See below, §§ S3, 54r PP* 595-590, 601-^2.

It is, of course, a question whether the '* customs *' arc the ancient and the new or
denijeens' and aliens'. The rates total the same; only the point of view is difiFerent.

* See below, App. B [16, 17], p. 693.

Dimidia marca per indigenas et decem solidi per alienigenas de singulis saccb

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

specific term was used it was the name of the more important of
the two customs, the ancient custom ^ (of 1275) or the great
custom.^

Thus there was one distinct branch of the customs dealing with
wool, woolfelisj and hides, variously called under the three
Edwards the ** ancient and new customs/* the ** customs," the
** ancient custom,*' or the ** great custom.** The difliculty in this
connection is to distinguish the two ancient and the two great
customs» the earlier of each from the later. The simplest solution,
and the best where possible, the one adopted in this book, is to
eUminate the use of the term ** great custom,'* both the earlier and
the later one, and also the use of the later '' ancient custom."
This is following the practices of the customs officials themselves
in making up their accounts.

Just as wool, woolfells, and hides drew together the ancient
custom of 1275 and that part of the new custom of 1303 relating
to these commodities, so did cloth draw together the remainder
of the new custom of 1303 (except wine) and the cloth custom of
1347.^ As before, the name of the greater of the two was applied
to the combination. But in this case it was the alternative name
of the duty of 1303, the '* petty custom,'' not the ** new custom/'
that was used.

lane extra idem regnum nosimm Anglic ad partes extcras ducendis nobis nomine
custume . . . sohi debcant. MS., Br. M., Add-, 1S612, fol. 93 (29 Sept., 1350).
Cf. also, Roluli ParUameniorum, ii, pp. 346-247 (1353); Hall, Hisiory of the Custom-
Revenue in Englathd, i, p. 71* ». PP- ^03, 204, ^ï3î sî4*

L^aundene Custume de demy Marc de chescun sake de Lcine de Detnâzeins, et
dis soldz des Aliens. Rohdi Farliumenkjrum^ ii, p. 273a (1362). Cf. ibid,^, 285b
(1364-65); îii, p. 37b (1378). See below, § 54, for the use of the ** rotulus compoto-
rum de antiqua custuma.**

■ Sciatis quod assîgnaverimus vos ad [magnam] castumam et subsîdium lananim
coriorum et pelîium lanutamm in portu civitatis nostre Londonle ... de quolibet
sacco lane de indigenis quinquaginta solîdos et de alienigenis quatuor marcas . - -
Icvandâ et colligcnda. 17 Feb., 20 Rie. TI. Indorsed in a contemporary hand:
London' magn* cust*, K. R. Customs^ 71/*»-

Later the men assigned to collect these dues were called: ** nuper collectoribus
magne custume fwstre in porta civitatis nostre Londonie." Ibid^^ 16 June, 21 Ric. IL

A computation of the rates on the wool, woolfells, and hides shows that the
magtêa cusiuma included the custom of 1275 and that of 1303 on these articles.

« Sec below, SS 45» A^^ PP* 435 f -. 45» f ■

TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Since the term ** petty custom '' was applied for so short a
time to the single duty of 1303 ^ and for so long to the later com-
bination of the duties of 1303 and 1347, we are justified in using
it exclusively in the sense of this later and larger petty custom.

This difficult subject of terminology is further set forth in a
schedule below .^

Although the changes described above took place in the
period of the three Edwards, there may have been at any later
time a reversion to an earlier usage, either by officials ' or by
commentators.

Coke was the first prominent commentator, and his conceptions
have become the bonds and fetters of later generations. He made
the " ancient " and the ^* great " custom of 1275 synonymous^
and also the ** new " and the *' petty *' custom of 1303.* This was
so little of the truth that it became at once misleading. Not only
did Blackstone accept the equations^ — which does not surprise us
for he was not a student of histoiy^ — but Hale and Hall were
blinded to the truth. We find here a good illustration of the
difficulty of shaking off a preconception. Hale, knowing that the
custom of 1275 was called ** great," could not see that there was
also a later great custom, the evidence for which he found in the
Red Book of ilie Exchequer, and confirmation of which he found in
the customs accounts.* Hall, coming nearer to the truth, never*
theless described the situation as "confusion worse confounded.'*^

The key to the meaning of these and other terms is the same
master-key to all difficulties of a like nature, a knowledge of the

* I have found no dear case in the records of the tcnn *' petty custom " used as
the equivalent of the whole " new custom."

* See below, p. 86,

' In the Rates of Cuslûms, etc, 1583 (Bodleian, Douce, C 70}, we find aEens'
custom on wool stated to be :

Ever>' sack yecîdeth în an tiqua custome 6 s. 8 d.

Item in par\a custome ......... 3 s. 4 d.

* The second Part 9} the InstUulcs of (he Lawrs of England (ed. 1642), p. 59.

* CommenUirks, bk. i, ch. 8. Cf. also, Taylor, Origin and Grouth of the English
Constitution, i, p. 489; Tout, History of England ^ 1216-1377^ p. 225,

* Concerning the Customs ^ p. 199.

' History of the Custom-Revenue in England, i, pp. 93-94* Cf. also, Odd,, pp.
7ii9S.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

rates of customs due on the various commodities. A study of the
particulars of accounts brings this home to one as nothing else
does. When Hale and Hall spoke of the ancient custom of 6 s. 8 d,
per sack of wool exported by denizens and lo s. per sack exported
by aliens, they failed to grasp the fact that the difference in the
case of aliens was 3 s. 4 d., the rate of the new custom of 1303,
which, when added to the ancient custom of 1275, made up the
rate of the later ancient custom.

These changes were due neither to the carelessness nor to the
perplexity ^ of officials, but to their desire for a convenient system
of collection. They cared little about the historical origin of
duties, but much about grouping together the chief commodities
subject to taxes. Accordingly we find the butler collecting the
duties on mne, that is, the prise and the butlerage; one set of
officials collecting the duties on wool, woolfells, and hides;
another set the duties on all other commodities. In this readjust-
ment from an historical to a commodity basis came the apparent
confusion of terms.

II, The subsidies. So far we have been considering customs;
we now turn to a similar and yet sufficiently distinct tax, the
subsidy. Although the custom was generally of royal imposition
it was not always so, notably in the case of the ancient custom of
1275; and although the subsidy was generally of parliamentary
origin, it was not always so, despite the accepted view.* As we
shall later see, the subsidy might be granted by merchants or by
magna tes, in either of which cases, it would be almost a royal

' There is one interesting example of an error of the clerk of parliament in the
reign of Henr>'^ IV^ which apparently illustrates the confusion between the ancient
custom of 127s and the later ancient custom. A subsidy of 50 s. was granted on each
sack of wool exported by aliens (besides the 43 s. 4 d . on a sack exported by deidzens).
To this should have been added the ancient custom of 1275 and the new custom of
1303, or in other words the later ancient custom. But instead, aliens w^ere required
to pay the later ancient custom plus the new custom of 1303. In other words, the
new custom of 1303, amounting to 3 s. 4 d. a sack, was apparently charged twice.
Complaint of this injustice having been made by Italian merchants, the king ordered
that the sum of 3 s, 4 d, be rescinded, MS., Br. M., Harl, 1S78 (16 Nov.,
(8 Hen, IV], 1407). Cf. also, Calendar of Paient RoUs, Hen. IV. vol. 1405-^, p*
424 (S March, 1407-08).

* See above, p. 65.

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

imposition. But the *' almost " in this case is a strong qualifica-
tion, for it indicates a récognition on the part of the sovereign
that some one must make him the gift. The more clearly defined
difi^erence, however, between custom and subsidy was their dura-
tion, the former being permanent, the latter temporary. It is this
that explains why the ancient custom of 1275 was not called a
** subsidy''; though granted by parliament, it was not granted for
a limited period. Like the local customs it was permanent.

While the custom with its dominating element of permanence
is to be associated with the local tolls, the subsidy as a temporary
tax is to be compared with the aids, notably the new aid of
1266. In this connection it is interesting to notice that the
Latin words for both aid and subsidy, auMium and subsidtum,
have substantially the same connotation.

There were only two kinds of subsidies on trade: ' the subsidy
of woolj woolfells, and hides, and the subsidy of tunnage and
poundage. It is not intended here to go into the details of the
history of these duties, which may be found in the Rolls of Par lia-
menlj Sialuics, Parliammtary Wriis^ and Customs Accounts ^ or in
Hale, Stubbs, and Hall, but merely to outline some of the out-
standing events and developments,

Hale,^ Stubbs,^ and HaU * began their accounts of the subsidy
on wool with the reign of Edward IH, that is with the early sub-
sidies of that reign, of non-parhamentary origin. It is really
necessary, however, to go much beyond this period. The first
wool subsidy that Stubbs mentions is said to have been granted
in 1327 by the merchants.^ But similar subsidies are found in the
years 1266 called auxilium or novum auxilium;^ 1294, called

^ Closely associated with the subsidies on trade was the subsidy of cloth for sale
(subsidium panmwum Tettah'um), really an excise collected with aulnage. The rate of
tais subsidy on the standard cloth was 4d. MS,, R* O,, K. R. Accounts» 538/1
(18-IÇ Ric. II). Cf. Rottdi Pûrliamcntorum, IV, p. 433 (1433)-

' Cûn4:fming the Customs, pp. 162 t.

' Constituthmal History of England, ii, pp. 554 f.

* Bislory of the Custom- Revenue, in England, ii, pp. 145, 147 f.

* Set above, pp. 54 f. This tax was not specifically on wool but doubtless
included it. It has not been found under the caption '* subsidy," but once was called
" custom." Unfortunately the word custom is used in two senses, the general which
includes all taxes on trade, and the particular which is a permanent tax.

INSTITUTIONAL B I STORY, 1275-1558

I
I

novum auxUium,^ subsidium, and cusiumn , , , in subsidium
guerre; * and 1522, also called subsidium^ It is not claimed that
these were the only early subsidies or indeed the earliest.

In 1332 the magnates seem to have made (or advised) an inde-
pendent grant.* During the early years of Edward III up to 1340 ^
all the wool taxes were impositions made by the king-in-council, or
grants by the merchants or magnates.® The parliamentary grant
of 1340 ' was» it seems, illegally continued for a number of years.
In spite of the fact that in this grant of 1340 it was most strongly
stated that only in a full parliament should such a subsidy be
again granted, it was necessary in 1362 ^ and 1371 ® to repeat this
limitation upon the king*s freedom of action.

The rates were always specific, so far as can be learned: 40 s.
per sack in 1294, 1340, and often thereafter; 6 s. 8 d. for denizens
and 13 s. 4 d. for aliens in 1322 and 1332; 2 s. in 1347;^" 43 s. 4 d.

' Custodes et receptores novi aoxilli domlnl regis apud Sanctum Bottitphum.
MS., R. 0., K. R. Customs, 5/4 (22-23 Ed^ I- Second account).

* Hale, Concerning ike Customs, p. 155,

" In aid of the war which the King intended to wage against the French in order
to recover his land of Gascony, the merchants of the kingdom had freely granted of
that the King should have for 2 or 3 years, if the war should last so long, from every
sack of dressed wool [iant} frada] exported to parts beyond the sea, 5 marks; from
every sack of other wool or wootfells so exported, 3 marks; and from every last of
hides, 5 marks.'* Calendar of Donimenls rtlating to Ireland, voL 1293-1301, pp. 79-
80 (28 Oct., 1 294). Cf. Calendar of Fine Roils, Ed. I, vol. 127 2-1307, p. 347.

When the tax was put into force in England is not dear, but it was not later than
29 July, I2Q4 (Haic, Concerning ike Customs, p. 155), or t Aug., 1294 (below, §47,
p. 516). On 28 Oct., 1294, it was ordered collected in Ireland. In accordance with
the Confirmât to Cartarum of 5 Nov., 1 297, it was to be abrogated in England, By
royal order of 26 Nov., 1297, it was remitted in Ireland. Calendar of Documents
tdaêing to Ireland , vol. 1293-1301, p* 218.

It should be noted that on 15 Nov., 1294, the king on his own authority slightly
reduced the rate, and that he imposed the new duty upon Ireland without any grant
having been made, but at a grea^tly reduced rate. See also above, p. 60, below, p. 516.

■ See below, 5 27, pp. 250-251, and 5 48, pp. 520-522,

* Stubbs. ConstitiUional History of Bnglattd, ii, p. 554.

• 14 Ed. in, St. I, ch. 21. Statutes of the Realm, i, p. 289.

• Hale, Concerning the Customs t pp. 162-164; Stubbs, Coftstituéionai History of
England, ii, pp. 554-555-

' Stubbs, Constitutioptal History of England , ii, p. 555,

• 36 Ed. HI, ch. II. Statutes of the Realm, i, p. 374.

* 45 Ed. Ill, ch. 4. Ibid., p. 393.

" MS-, R. O., Enrolled Accounts, L. T. R., Custom», v, memb. 10 (21 Ed, HI).
Sec below, S 49. PP' 522-525.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

m 1369 and 1372; ^s s. 4 d. in 1390. Although the rates were very
irregular and sometimes in the fifteenth century much higher than
these, the rate of ;^:^ s. 4 d. was finally accepted and regularly
granted from 1465 Ho 1641 ^ inclusive. These were the rates on a
sack of wool exported by denizens. Aliens usually paid somewhat
more; as finally determined, twice as much.

Better known than the wool subsidy, because of the constitu-
tional dispute in the reign of Charles I, is the subsidy of tunnage
and poundage. Although this was made up of two subsidies,
tunnage and poundage, it was normally granted as one. In 1347,
however, we find that the wool subsidy and the poundage subsidy
were grouped together.' Since wool, together with woolfeUs and
hides, constituted one distinct branch of the customs, it was con-
venient to separate the poundage grant. To group together the
tunnage on wine and the poundage on general merchandise was
natural, because these two constituted the other distinct branch
of the customs revenue.

The subsidy of poundage was so much per pound value, usually
in case of the well-Iuiown subsidies 6/ 8/ or 12 d.' per £. In
other words this was an ad valorem or percentage tax.

The early history of ad valorem duties cannot be written because
of lack of evidence. They may be as old as the Saladin Tithe or
older, but probably are not; for the early local customs, their
models, were specific, not ad valorem y duties. The fifteenth of
King John could easily have been converted into a poundage rate,
16 d. per £.® The new aid of 1266 was a " reasonable portion,''
that is an ad valorem rate, but the rate remains unknown.

The first national ad valorem duty that was reckoned on the
pound value was probably the 3 d, per £ on general merchandise,
exported or imported, included in the new custom of 1303, and

* R&tuli FnrliamentorufHt v, p. 508 (1464-65),

* 16 Car. I, ch. S. Statutes of the Rodm, v, p. 104. 0ime, 1641.) The last wool
subsidy found was granted for tlie period 2 May-2 July, 1642, Ibid.^ p. 175.

* See below, { 49, pp. 521 f. Also, K, R. Customs, 158/13 (i8 March-29 Sept.,
i,î47).

* See below, § 51» PP- 553 f-

* Sec beiow, SJ 50, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58.

* Sec above, pp. 48 f.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

paid by aliens.^ But this was quite different from the subsidy of
poundage in so far as it was a permanent tax and was included
or buried in a larger tax. The short-lived loan or muiuum of
131 7 ' was practically a duplication of the new custom of 1303
with higher rates, the poundage part of it being 2 s. per £,

The first poundage subsidy of the later well-known group of
subadies was imf>osed by the regent and council early in 1347 *
and collected apparently less than one year/ The rate was 6 d.
per £. It was part of a tax that included a ** tunnage *' on wine
and a duty on wool, levied with the consent of the merchants, a
circumstance which helps to make it a subsidy rather than a
custom.* This poundage was notable for the fact that it was
granted for the safe conduct of foreign trade, and that bemg im-
posed without the consent of the Commons, it was rescinded at
their request, as was the accompanying ** tunnage/' ^

Early in 1350 another poundage * of 6 d., granted by merchants,
was collected, wth the Commons again in opposition.' The
history of poundage from this date on to 1371 or 1372 is little
known. In 1372 a poundage of 6 d, was granted^* to be collected
like that of the past year. About the poundage of the past year
(1371) we have little or no information,' Concerning the grant of
1372, two points are noteworthy: it was made by only a part of
the Commons, the representatives of the cities and towns; and

* See below, pp, 257 f.

» MS., R. O., Fine Roll, No. 116, membs. 11 and 13 (24 July, 11 Ed. 11). Cf,
FarliametUûry Writs ^ ii, pt. r, p. 197, In the next reign we find a mutuum of îead at
6 s. 8 d. on each carrain exported. It was accounted for in HuU, 6 May» 13 [Ed. ril|
to 17 Aug. following, that is in the year 1338, K. R. Customs, 58/4.

* Calendar of Paient Rolls, Ed. Ill^ vol. 1345-48, p. 264 (15 March, 1346-47)»

* RoUdi Parliamentorum, ii, p. i66a. See below, § 49, pp. 522 f. (about Feb.,

1347-48).

• It was granted to the king according to the following document:

Particule compoti Johannis Bolt et Henrici atte Wille collectorum subsidîi
domino regi anno xxi concessi in porta de Tengemutha videlicet de quolibet sacco
ii s. et de libra vi d, a xviii die Marcii anno xxi usque crastinum Sancti Mîchaelis
tunc proximo sequens. MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 158/12.

• Calendar of Paient Rolls ^ Ed. Ill, vol. 1348-50, p. 481 (to March, 1340^50).

* Rotuii Parliamentorum, ii, p, 339a (about Feb., 1350-51).

• lbid,i vq\. ii, p. 3iûb (Nov.).

• Cf* MS., R.O.. K.R, Customs, 158/23, 158/24 (i Nov., 137^-31 Oct 137a),

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

it was coupled with tunnage as were the later stereotjped grants.
This subsidy, like the later ones, was to be applied for the safety
of trade on the s^.

In the autumn of 1573 a subsidy of 6 d- per £ on general mer-
cfaandise and 2 s. per tun of wine was granted for one year, or for ■
two if the war should continue.* The grant was made by a full
parliament. Our subsidy of tnnnage and poundage is now in
the form so well known in the later reigns. The chief develop-
ments following this were the increase of the rate, the granting of
the subsidy for the life of the king, and the exemption of certain
commodities from the tax.

This matter of exemption from the p>oundage is not easily
d^cribed because it varied from time to time. Wool, woolfells,
and hides exported abroad were probably alway-s exempt, some-
times specifically- The same was true of wine.* Often in the
fifteenth century grain and provisions imported were exempt, as M
also pro\isions exported to Calais for the garrison. Cloth exported
abroad requires sp)ecial consideration. Leadam, apparently mis-
reading an ambiguous passage in Hall's work,* made cloth the
original commodity on which poundage was due,* Hale on the
other hand said that poundage was probably not due on cloth
before the fourth year of Henry \T, when it was specifically
exempt,* as it was later in the fifteenth, twentieth, twenty- ■
seventh, and thîrt>^- third years of the same reign, while it was
explicitly taxed in the eleventh year and implicitly in the thirty-
first. An examination of the customs accounts shows that in
isSs-i3&4i^ and 1393/ both aliens and denizens paid subsidy on
exported cloth, that is, at a time when Hale thought them
exempt. In the documents belonging to the late fifteenth and
the early sixteenth century, printed below, we find that, while
aliens had to pay the poundage on doth exported, denizens

" Rûtuii Parlùnnentorum, vol. ii, p. 31 7b (Nov.).

* There is a curious exception, below, J 49, pp. 523, 524.
' HisUtry cf the Custûm- Revenue in England, ii, p. 146.

* Palgrave's Dictionary of PolUical Economy^ s. v. ** Subsidies."

• Coneerning the Customs, p, 186.

• MS., R. O., K, R. Customs, 138/11 (29 Sept., 1383-38 Sept., 1384).
' See below, Î 50, pp. 527 f. Possibly oiily denizens.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

were exempt,^ Apparently aliens had throughout to pay the
poundage subsidy on their cloth exported abroad^ while denizens
had to pay it up to the reign of Henry VI, when, after a period
during which exemption was alternately granted and taken
away, they were finally (probably in 1455 *) freed. If this be
true, then, Hall's statement that cloth was ** usually excepted '^
from the poundage is beside the mark, as is also his correlative
contention that there was a distinct subsidy on cloth exported.*
Cloth was distinctly said to be liable to poundage of 12 d., after
a i>eriod of exemption.* This makes it part of the poundage itself,
not a separate subsidy. Reference to the original grant synopsized
by Hall himself shows this.^

Tunnage, the other part of the subsidy of tunnage and pound-
age, was a specific tax on each tun of wine imported from abroad.*
As a general tax on wine at so much per tun, it goes back to the

4 d. per tun due in the twelfth century,^ and to the 4 s, per tun
collected beginning 1288, later reduced to 2 s-,^ and to the 2 s. per
tun on aliens* wine included in the new custom of 1303/ and to the

5 s, per tun in the muiuum of 1317.^'' But for tunnage as a subsidy,
granted by some body or other, and granted for but a period, we
have to go back, not to the year 1308 as has been said,'* nor to the
year 1347 *^ in spite of the reading of an official record,*' but to the
year 1350, when the merchants granted to the king 40 d, per tun

> Sec below, §{ SI, IS, s8; App, B [4I.

» Rûtidi Pariiamtntorum, v, p, 269b (5 April, 1455 f.).

' History of the Custom-Revenue in England, ii, p. 146.

* Rotuli Parliamenlorum, iv, p, 426a (1433).

* Histûry of the Cttsiom-Rcvcnue in England, i, p. 263.

• For an exception, see below, § 4g, pp, 532, 524.
^ Sec above, pp. 35 f.

' See above, p. 67,

• Sec above^ p. 66.
»• Seeabove, p. 81.

" Low and Pulling, Dklionary of English History^ s» v. " Tunnage and Poundage,"

" Stubbs» ConstUtUiond History of England, ii, p, 557.

** Rotidi Parltamentorum, ii^ p. i66a. The Commons petitioned against a tun-
nage of 2 s, per tun, but this was probably not levied. In the account of the subsidies
of this year we find that wine bore a poundage rather than a tunnage rate. See
below, §49, pp. 522, 524. Cf, also, K, R, Customs, 158/12; Calendar of Chse
RolU, Ed, m, vol 134M9» P* 307 (26 July, 1347)-

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

of wine imported, for the safe-keeping of the sea and the prote
tion of their merchandise ^ a tax which was not only granted aj
petitioned against/ but actually collected.'

In 1371 a truncated House of Commons made a grant of
tunnage as weU as poundage, described above;'* and in 1373 a fi
parliament made a similar grant.* The rate in both cases w
2 s. per tun, which in later years was changed to 3 s.

The later history of the subsidies is soon told. Although t
wool subsidy was granted in 1398 to Richard 11 for life,* it w
only in 141 5 that the two subsidies were both so granted,*
1454 ' and 1465,* the sovereigns received life grants. But it w
not until Richard III that the two subsidies were granted to t
king for life during the first regnal year,' This practice continu
until the time of Charles I, when the king collected the subsidi
without parliamentary authorization until the year 1641,^^ evm
the teeth of the remonstrance against such conduct." ■

The early history of the subsidies, parliamentary and nc
parliamentary, is written in the blood and strife of warfai
Etymologically and actually, both the feudal aid and the nc
feudal subsidy implied war. The subsidy was developed dun
the struggle against Scotland and France. The subsidy of 13
was to be used to carry on the war against the Scots, ^ Most of t
early subsidies of Edward III were for revenue to maintain t
Hundred Years War, then just beginning. After Agincourt a I
grant of the combined subsidies was made to the sovereij

* Rûtidi Parliamentmum, W, p, 2 2Qa (about Feb., 1350-51).

* Cûkndar of Patetit Rolls, Ed. Ill, vol. 1348-50, p. 481 (10 Marcb, 1349-50).

* See above, p. 81. * See above, p. 8a.

* RotiUi Parlhmeni^um, iii, p. 368 (Jan., 1397^).

* Ibid,, iv, p, 64,
^ Ibid., V, pp. 228-229.

* Ibid,y p. 508 Qan., 1464-65).

* Ibid,, vi, pp. 338-239 (33 Jan,, 14S3-84).
^* 16 Car. I, ch. 8, Statutes of the Reaîm, v, p. 104 (June, 1641).
" Gardiner, The Constiiitiiimai Documents of the Putiian RevotutUm^

pp. 70-73'

The subsidy of tunnage and poundage was granted in 1 660 as the " subsid
later known as the " old subsidy.*' 12 Car. II, cb. 4. Statutes of the Realm ^ \%
181-205.

" Sec below, § 48, pp. 520, 521.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

»
^

What was originally an extraordinary financial war measure,
however, later became a regular part of the revenue system, a
development closely paralleled by the modem income tax in
England,

12. The consolidation of ifw customs. So far most of our efforts
have been directed toward an analysis of the various customs.
In the two sections immediately preceding, however, we have
observed some measure of synthesis or grouping; we are now to
see the completion of the process.

The consolidation of the customs Is indicated by combinations
of the words " custom " and *' subsidy.*' The first of these com-
binations had to do with wool, woolfells, and hides. The ancient
custom of 127s, that part of the new custom of 1303 having to do
with wool, woolfells, and hides, and the subsidy on these com-
modities constituted the customs and subsidy on wool, woolfells,
and hides. As we have aheady seen,* owing to confusion between
different taxes, this formula frequently became the custom (and
subsidy), an elliptical expression for the later great custom and
subsidy or the later ancient custom ^ (and subsidy).

Such consolidation was not earlier than the first subsidy on
wool, woolfells, and hides, granted by the merchants in the year
1522.' And from that time, with but a few early breaks, this
grouping was continuous.

The second group of commodities consisted of wine, cloth, com,
wax, fish, lumber, spices, and the like. These were subject to the
petty custom, either the early one of 1303 or the later one begin-
ning about 1347.* On these goods a subsidy of tunnage and
poundage was from time to time imposed. So the combination
became the petty custom and subsidy, or really just custom
and subsidy. The earliest case of this probably did not antedate
1347 or 1350,* It too became a stereotyped form.

* Sec above, pp, 74-75.

' La veille Custume et Subsidie. Rotuli Pariicmentcrum^ ii, p. 138b (1343)-

* MS., R. 0., K, R» Customs, 134/26 (Sandwich), See also above, p. 79;
beloWf S 4S, pp. 52c f.

* Sec above, p. 76.

* See above, p, 83,

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

c t

ill

?1t

?1|i

fill

Il I

^i1

in"

1213 S

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-155»

Thus we have the two correlative groups, which in combina-
tion made up the " customs and subsidies/' as is indicated in the
accompanying schedule. I doubt whether this phrase, having the
nonnal significance that it bore in the fifteenth century, is older
ihan the year 1350, when we find the following ingredient customs
duii^;

I, The nistoms on wool, woolfells, and hides.

2* The subsidy on wool, woolfells, and hides.

3, The petty custOiT».

4. The subsidy of tunnagc t*nd poundage.

There is one exception to this otherwise simple statement. The
new custom of 1303 on wine was removed from the customs and
subsidies and with the prise of wines, of which it was the aliens*
commutation, handed over to the butler for collection. When
tiumage was established, the government inconsistently kept it
apart from these other wine duties; or, perhaps we should say,
inconsistently left the new custom of 1303 on wine in the hands of
the butler.

Such then was the temporarily completed customs system,
stereotyped ^ for many generations except for a few changes in
rates ' and a few exemptions.* But it was by no means the first
complete system; it was only the first system that was a success
and long-continued. Before it there had been lastage and scavage,
the one on exports the other on imports, collected as already
noted* from about the eleventh century. There were also the
fifteenth of King John and the new aid of 1 266, The new custom
of 1303 failed to come into this group because denizen merchants

* This does not mean that there never was any other kind of grouping. See
below, App, B.

In 1433 the groups were:

De custuma \'inorum.

De f magna] custuma lanamm ac parva custuma.
De subsidio lanarum.
De subiîidio tonagiî et pondagii.
RottUi Pariiamentorum, iv, pp. 433, 435.

* Notably in the case of wine and lin.
' See above, pp. 82-83.
^ See above, pp. 19, 32, 34. The prise of wine was additioaal to the scavage.

88 TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

refused to accept it. But the ephemeral muiuum of 1317 * is an
important example, important because, though ostensibly in-
tended only as a temporary loan, it was never tried again. Not
only were the rates too high, but too many people, both aliens
and denizens in all their foreign commerce, were subject to it.

The consolidated customs and subsidies were the resu't of
effort spread over a period of seventy-five years, fron: 1275 to
1350. They were achieved partly because they were established
gradually; partly because of a large measiTi: of cooperation with
merchants and pjarliament; and p^itiy because of the pressing
needs of the state brought about by the foreign w^ars of aggres-
sion which England was waging. This new customs system was
absolutely unprecedented, so far as I can discover, in that there
were no exemptions for individuals or towns^ and in that there
was practically no infeudation.

One of the larger inferences to be drawn from the facts already
noted is that no commodity, exported or imported, bore a tax
until some special custom was brought into existence to apply to
it. Until 1303 it was the exception rather than the rule for aliens
to pay national duties. This held true for demzeus until 1347.
After the consolidation of the customs and subsidies, in that year,
however, all persons paid duties on all commodities, except when
a subsidy lapsed. This view is diametrically opposite to that held

^ The loan was made " by the counsel and advice of certain mercJiants alien and
demzen.'' U was to be used in the war against Scotland. The lates were as follows:
Wool, wooUells, and hides:

Denizens 6 s. 8 d. per unit of each

Aliens lo s. per unit of each

Cloth:

Colored doth worth at least 60 s 6 s. 8 d.

Cloth worth at least 405.... 4s.

Scarlet doth , 13 5. 4 d.

Wine - , ....... 5 s- per tun

General merchandise 2 s. per £

From tJie fact that receipts were to be given, we may conclude that the customs so
borrowed were to be returned. Calendar of Fine RoUs, Ed. n, voL 1307-19, pp. 335,
33«(24jiily. iiEd.ID.

On 16 Sept., 13 1 7, the king ordered that the collection of the loan on all goods»
except wool, woolfells, and hides, should cease. Cakndar of Close Rolls, Ed. II,
vol 1313-18, p. 49«.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, liJS-tssS

by Hall * and approvingly quoted by Ashley,* that aU goods
were taxed from an early date, and that the customs of 1275,
1303, 1347, and so on, were but substitutes for earlier duties.

13. ImposUians. There is one group of duties not included in
the phrase *' customs and subsidies/* but probably better known.
I refer to the impositions. There are more legal cases on this
phase of the customs than on any other, more even than on the
prise. In the late Tudor and early Stuart periods the issue cen-
tering around impositions assumed national importance in the
constitutional struggle between crown and parliament.

It would be an interesting task to test the theoretical con-
ceptions of impositions held by Coke and other contemporaries.
It would be more a lesson in logic, however, than in history,
except that it would well illustrate the static in contrast to the
evolutionary point of view.

The terms used besides ** impositions " ' are '' maltolts " In the
thirteenth century and ** imix>sts *' in the sixteenth ^ and seven-
teenth centuries.^ The traditional stages in the history of
impositions were outlined in 1606 and 1610, and they cannot be
improved upon. The first is down to and including Edward III^
during which there were impositions," all of which died out, such
as the wine custom of 1288,' which seems to have come to an end
in 1294.* The second period was from Richard II to Edward VI
inclusive, when there were no impositions of the ordinary type.
A more careful search might reveal here and there a minor

* History of Utr Cust&m- Revenue in England, u, p. 120,

• An hUroductwn to English Eamomic History and Theory, pt. ii, p. 247 (note

49).

' Impositions n'au très charges. Roiuli Parliammtorum, ii, p. 265b (1355).

* For example, MS>, R. O., K. R. Customa, 45/12 (1558-1559).

* Gardiner, Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution^ p, 50 {1626),

• Hale {Contertiing the Customs, p. 175) says that Edward III levied an imposi-
tion upon leadt 3 d. per " sow " of lead. This was really the new custom imposed in
1303. Ilale^s error is probably due to an old mistranslation of vint soutdee de plomb
&s " every sow of Lead/' 27 Ed. III^ st. 2, ch. i. Siaiutes of the Realm, i, p. 333

(1353)'

' Ci^endar of Fine Rolls, Ed. I, vol 1372*1307, p. 275 (g Aprils 1288); cf. p, 2$$
(18 May, 12S8)-

• Calendar of Close Rolis, Ed. I, vol. 1288-96, pp. 350, 355, 359.

TBE EARLY ESCUSB CUSTOMS

-5 §^ i

— f-

_s_

-I-

o
z

iïl

' "a I i r- -S i Z

-5 « » 5

~ s - s 2 I - â

^i-

î-ll ^^i
' -III

•s 2 5

ri-

-lu ^

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

imposition, but I have found none of importance, unless the fol-
lowing be such. In 1401 the Commons complained that the cargo
of thirty tuns, which was the minimum to pay the two tuns of
prise on wines in the southwestern ports, was reduced to twenty
tuns,* thereby greatly increasing the tax. This was an imposition,
but it was local and not national in application.

The prominent impositions began in the third period, from
Mary to Charles I inclusive. Prothero-^ states that royal imposi-
tions originated in a statute of 1534.^ Although this \dew has
been quoted with approval,* it is really a bad guess. The act in
question was limited to the life of Henry VIII, and it assumed
that the king would act only under parliamentary authorization.

The first imposition of Mary was apparently on sweet wines
imported from the Levant, authorized 9 August, 1554.* AH such
wines were to be landed at Southampton, or elsewhere, only on the
payment of treble custom. This was confirmed by parliament in
1563, but was to apply only to aliens.* Since it was in the nature
of a penalty for disobeying a trade ordinance, it was not a normal
imposition.

Probably early in 1558,' a new custom was imposed on cloth
exported abroad. After careful consideration, the officials
figured that cloth exported abroad was not bearing as much duty
as the wool of which it was made if exported in the raw state.
This new custom or imposition was an attempt to secure an
equalization.® In other words, it was not ostensibly meant as an
imposition but a rectification of an inequality.

' R&tuli Fartiûm^niorum^ ii, p. 477. Cf. also, above, p. 40, n. 4.
■ Select SUUute^ and other ConstHutional Documents ^ p. bccii.
' 26 Hen. VTII, ch. 10. Statutes of the Reaim^ lii, p. 506.

• Medley, CtmstitaJional History of England ^ p. 255.

• Speed, History and Antiquity of Souihampton (ed. Aubrey), pp. 204-206.

• Thid., pp. 21 s i. Cf. Statuies of Ike Reatm^ v, p. iç8 (1660).

' Between July^ 1557. and 30 June, 1558. Hale, Concerning the Customs, pp. 192,
236. Acts of the Privy Council^ vol 1556-58, p. 336.

The aanouncenfient of the new book of rates, made 28 May, 1558, makes refer-
ence to " the losse by us heretofore susteyned, and also the Rates nowe by us
assessed uppon the saide Clothes." MS., Br. M., Lanad.i 3, No. 70 (4 and 5
PbiUp and Mary). This would seem to place the new cloth custom early in 1558,
perhaps to take effect at Elastcr.

' Bodleian, I>ouce| C 70. Rates of Cust4mu,

THE EARLY EXGUSB CUSTOMS

Id tlie customâ accounts ^ we read of " k nnposi ** of 6 d. per
£, perhaps on dry wares imported from France,' and **\e impost''
of S3*- 4*^' P^^ ^^^ ^^ Gascon wine imported by aliens or den-
izens. Moreover there was a tax of los. a tun on beer exported,
"over and besydes thordynary custome/'' Although the impo-
sidons on French goods might be regarded as war measures and
therefore temporary, such could hardly be said of this tax on beer,
which seems to have been given little attention. The date of this
duty on beer was 17 April, 1558.

In Januar>' or February, 1559» the first case of impositions came
to trial. It was the obscure case of the merchants of London
who sought to test the validity of the cloth custom of Mary.
Their plea was that it had not been granted by parliament,*
Although '* divers assemblies '* were held by the judges, the case
has been ver>' meagerly reported, so that we are not only uncer-
tain as to the arguments but uncertain whether or not there was a
judgment. One drift in the case we do catch, that all dues,
strictly called customs, are of prerogative origin, except the
andent custom of 1275, Whether Davies ' was right in believing
that the case went in favor of the sovereign, or Hakewill • and
Hallam ' that it went against her, we do not know. It may be
that the judges were never allowed to decide the case. Very soon
afterwards the Merchant Adventurers were allowed to export
doth on payment ** of the newe imposte, which they ap'e to dao
without empeachement" •

» MS., R. O., K. R, Customs, 45/" («558-iSS9)-

* Aas of the Privy C<n*ncU, vol 1556-58, p. 357,
' Ibid. See my EeoitUum of the English Com Market, p, 245, n. 6.

* Mémorandum, que nuper in le temps del Roigue, un nov^Il Impost ou Imposi
tkm fuit mise sur Drapes, come un custume, plub que l&adcnt custome gniunt per
Parliament, ut asseritur in viccsimo primo Edwardo tertii, que fuit mes 14 d. de
cfaescun Anglob Marchant, et 21 d. des aliens. £t ore les ^larchants de London
trovont grand grief e et font exclamation et suit al Roygne desire unburthened de
cest impost, pur ceo que ne fuit graunt per Parliament, mes assesse per la Roigne
Maiy de son afasolate power, £t pur cest doubt fueront divers assemblies et con*
feicttt» per fes Justices et autexs. Dyer. Les Reports, etc. (ed. t68d), p. 165 b.

^ The QuesSwn C4fnceming ImposUwns, pp. 49-50.

* Slate Trials^ u, p. 454.

^ CoHTlitMliofud Bisi^jry ef Englamiy i, p. 311 n.
' Ads of the Prfty Council, voL IS5&-70, p, 83 (10 AprU, 1559).

I
I

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

FoUowing this came the cases of Germaiie Cioll coocerning
impositions on French wines, argued in the Easter law term of
1559, and of Anthony Donat concerning impositions on mahnsey
wine argued in the Trinity law term of the same year. The rest
of the story of impositions, on alum, currants, and the like, lies
beyond the scope of our present interest.

Impositions might be levied openly and boldly, like those above-
mentioned, or they might be brought into existence through
manipulation. During the period following 1558, the officials
manipulated the books of rates,^ until in 1660 it was enacted
that only parliament might change the rates.* The courts
decided, against custom and precedent, that the king might take
the best wine in any part of the ship as prise and not necessarily
one tun before and one behind the mast; ' that the men of the
Cinque Ports were exempt from prise of wines only in their own
ports» not in all English ports; ^ and that similarly the men of
London were exempt only in the port of London.^

If we put together the facts already observ^ed, we may con-
dude that probably not a single royal imposition was le\ied
between the Magna Carta of 121 5 and the impositions of 1558,
that was openly made, of long duration, and national in scope.
This does not mean, of course, that parliament established the
customs. It was the king and some estate or combination of
estate other than a fuU parliament that did this, though con-
stitutional historians have considered only the possibility of a
royal or a parliamentary origin. Just as local customs came before
national customs, so did estates come before parliament. Thus,
much of the important work of founding the customs was done
by this non-parliamentary body, whether prelates and lords
together, or merchants and burgesses separately. It Is not to be
denied, of course, that the king played the innovating and
motivating part. On the other hand we must see in the coopera-
tion with the estates a recognition of the rule of a nascent ** pub-

* See below, pp, 12c f,

* I a Car. 11, ch. 4, § 6. StatuUs of the Rtalm, v, p, 182,

* Hale, Concerning ike Cttstoms^ p. 1 20.

* /6*rf,, p. 136.

* Ibid.i pp. 127-128,

THE EARLY ENGLISE CUSTOMS

lie '' opinion^ as yet local and identified with classes, and ofi

unformulated and passive, but nevertheless to be reckoned wi

With the year 1558 we have come to a time when our ma

interest in the customs must end. Before this, we find one set
conditions; afterwards another. Impositions of a new type,
addition to the old and long-established customs and subsidi
have come into being. Merchants were ready to contest th
legality. The crown was manipulating the oflScial valuation
commodities. The old set of documents was being supplemeni
by the new coast certificates books.^ Some accoimts, notai
those of London^* were growing to great size, a fact indicative
expanding trade. The staple system had gone with Cab
England was henceforth to put more and more emphasis up
manufacturing. The period 1275-1558, a unit in the history
the customs, is also a unit in the economic life of the peopk
subject to be dealt with in the next chapter.

14. Customs officials. So far our attention has been fijced uf
the rise of certain customs and the course of their early progn
with no consideration of the officials w^ho collected them. I
only is it helpful to know about these officials before reading
documents printed below, but it is necessaiy to observe Û
orgardxation and activity before drawing conclusions about
customs as an institution. Of course the subject has a lar
bearing than this, connected as it is with the development of
machinery of state whereby law and order were administered ï
various activities carried on. For a crude national military i
financial system of administration we must go back to the Anj
Saxons. For the beginning of national legal machinery we (
hardly go beyond the twelfth century. For the regular perman
customs establishment on a national basis we cannot go h
farther than 1275, the year when the ancient custom was gran
on wool, Tvoolfells, and hides exported from England, Wales, ê
Ireland.

Before 1275, however, as we have already seen, there were c
toms. The local customs were, of course, collected by k

1 See below, p, 145. * See below, p, 452.

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 127 $-155^

officials, ttie town bailiff or the lord's bailiff or steward. The semî-
national customs were collected by local officials in case they had
been granted out to local organizations such as London in the
case of scavagCj or to private persons in the case of lastage, as for
example, in some Norfolk towns.* Where the semi-national cus-
toms had been retained by the crown, they were collected by
royal agents, in the case of lastage by bailiffs, and in the case of
wine prises in London by the king's chamberlain.

The customs system of King John is specially interesting be-
cause, though transitory, it consisted of a special corps of customs
officials: a bailiff (collector), a controller, a knight, a clerk, and
others.*

The customs establishment that exists today goes back no
farther than 1275, for between the date when King John's system
had come to an end and the year 1275, there was no permanent
ci\il service that could be called a customs establishment. The
national system which has persisted throughout the centuries
was, like equity, built upon the wool-sack. Just as in Aquitaine
the chief custom was on the staple product and export, wine, so in
England from 1275 onwards it was on wool, with the two very
secondary commodities, woo If ells and hides, added.

The one essential official was the collector of the customs,
variously designated in the Latin documents ballivus, cusios^
coUechfj and cuslumarius.'^ All of these terms are found used in
the reign of Edward I, but coUeciar and cusiumarius ultimately
prevailed. The prime duties of the collector were to keep record
of aO shipments, to collect the customs, which were deposited in a
chest, and to hand over the money collected to the exchequer or
to some one receiving a special assignment of the same. Collectors
were to give *' cockets '^ or receipts for money received sealed
with the cocket in the case of exports and, at a later date, certifi-
cates in the case of imports.

Copartner with the collector was the controller whom we find
from the year 1275 onward. On 21 May, 1275, Luke de Lucca and
his fellow merchants, who were charged with collecting the eus-

* Sec above, p, 2g,

* Rectifia occurs occasioimUy. See below, p, 516.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

toms, appointed, through the crown, the collectors of the customs
in the various ports of England, thirteen in all,^ Six days later
London was ordered to elect two officials who were to keep one
part of the seal provided for the custom on wool, woolfells, and
hides. These officials were to seal letters of license to take wool
out of the city together with the attorneys (collectors) of Luke de
Lucca and his fellow merchants, deputed to collect the custom,*
Later we find this official given the title of controller.* It was the
chief duty of this official to keep a counter roll of shipments of
goods,* which was to serve as a check on the collector's roll * when
hoth were sent to the exchequer. To the controller of the wool
custom was given one half of the seal, called " cocket,'* doubtless
as a check upon the fraudulent use of this instrument by the
collector who had the other half.

There were at least three different situations in which con-
trollers played an important part. When the collection of the
customs was in the hands of the king's appointees and when the
returns were assigned to others, as to the citizens of Bayonne
in the reign of Edward I * or the Frescobaldi in the reign of
Edward II,' then the controllers would be appointed by the
assignees to check the king*s collectors by seeing that all money
collected was turned in to diem. Similarly when an assignee^
such as Anthony Pessaygne of Genoa,* collected the customs^
then the king would appoint controllers to counterfoil the as-
signee's collectors. And thirdly, the king, not tnisting the

* Calendar of Fine Rolls ^ Ed. 1, vol. 1372-1307, pp. 46-47.

* /frwf., pp. 60-61. See below, $ 22, p. 223.

' For example on 15 May, iiqg. Calendar of Patent RûîIs, Ed. I, vol. 1 292-1303,
p. 414-

* See below, §§47, 50, $2.

* The following document, or heading of a document, eîtplidUy states that the
controller was a check against (fOfttra) the collector,

Rotulus WiJlclmi de Preston* contrurotulatoris nove custume knanim pellium
knutarum et coriomm in portti de Sancto Botulpbo , . . contra Johamiem de
Tumby ct Robcrtum But coDectores dicte nove oislume a festo Sancti Michaclis
anno regni Regis Edwardi Êlii Regis Edwardi xx usque vicesimuna diem Aprilis
proximo sequentem. MS., R. O.^ K. R. Customs, 6/21.

* Same as note t above,

^ Caleftdar of Fine RoUs, Ed. II, vol. 1307-19, p. 44 (27 June, 1309),

* Ibid^, p. 132 (i May, 1312).

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

coUectors whom he himself had appointed, would appoint con-
trollers to watch them. It is a matter of no surprise that the office
of controller was established, for not only was it required by the
situation, but experience in other branches of administration had
long shown its wisdom. The notable case is the exchequer itself,
in which there was both a treasurer's and a chancellor's roll, to say
nothing of the third roll once kept by Master Thomas Brun.^

The third custom official was the searcher. In 1299 it was
ordained that in each port two men were to be elected who with
the baiUffs were to arrest persons bringing in false money.* In
130J ** the searchers of the town of Southampton '* were said to
have seized £24 from a merchant of Bayonne on the ground that
it was being carried abroad against the king's prohibition.* In
1335 searchers were to he sworn in all places on the seacoast to
prevent the exportation of gold and silver except under license,
and the importation of false money. They were to have one quar-
ter of the money seized.^ The searcher is frequently mentioned in
later statutes and regularly accounted to the exchequer not only
for gold and silver illegally transported but for goods smuggled
through the ports.*

In the year 1545, complaints ha\ing been heard of the exactions
of searchers, inquir>^ was made into their duties and practices.
In London there was a high searcher with subordinate searchers at
Gravesend. After duties had been paid to the customer, the
searcher had to examine the cockets or receipts and then the
cargo, to see whether the two agreed and to see that no goods
were being smuggled out. If all was well, a bill of discharge was
given in return for a fee which varied with the size of the ship
from 20 d. to 6 s. The searcher also had to inspect the victuals
to see w^hether they were sufficient and not excessive. Passengers,

' Dialogue de StactQfio (Stubbs, Sekct Charters ^ 8th éd.), p. 178, Sec Haskins,
England and SiciJy in the Twelfth Centur>% English Historitul Review, xxvi, p. 443;
Poole, Tk€ Exchequer in the Twelfth Century, pp. 119-122.

* Statutes of the Realm, i, p. 132.

' Eland, Brown, and Tawney, English Economic History^ Select Documents^
pp. 216-217.

* 9 Ed. Ill, St. 2, cb, 9, Staiules of tke Realm^ i, pp. 273-274.

* See below, App. A,

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

too, were searched, if commoners, to see whether they had pass-
ports or carried gold or silver. From strangers head-money was
taken J

The surveyor is the fourth customs official of general impor-
tance. In 1303 a king's clerk was appointed to succeed another in
the commission " to survey and examine the business of the cus-
tom ... in all places beyond Trent." * In 13 14 the king sent a
clerk to Newcastle ** to survey the state of the collection *' of the
custom on wool, woolfells, and hides.* Less than two years later,
Hull, Chichester, L>Tin, and Yarmouth were ordered to admit as
agent of the Bardi a *' surveyor of the receipt of money arising
from the issues of the custom ** on wool, woolfells, and hides, who
was to ** receive the same by parcels as it is levied from the
collectors of the custom, and to bring the same to the Excheq-
uer.'* * In a statute of 1442 " Surveyors of Searches ^* as well as
"Searchers" are spoken of.* An account of a "surveyor of
search " is extant for London and Sandwich, covering the period
24 Feb., 1439-25 Dec, 1443, in which the sun^eyor of search
shows himself to be a kind of controller to the searcher. He
states that such and such goods have been seized by the searcher,
valued, and sold under his own supervision.* A letter patent of
1506 appointing John Myllys surveyor of the customs and sub-
sidies of London provides fall information about the duties of a
Tudor surveyor. He had supervision over all books, rolls, and
other memoranda of the collectors, controllers, and searchers and
their deputies; over all goods entering into the traffic of the port;
over the valuation of goods ; and over all bills, cockets, and certif-
icates which were to be sealed with his seal.^ However his duties

' See the dcMmmenls printed in Scbanz, EngUsche HanéehpoHtik gegen Ende des
Mittekîiers, ii, 5| 64. 66.

* Calendar of Fine Rolls, Ed. I, vol, 12 72-1307, p. 480 (a 8 July).
» Ibid,, Ed. n, vol 1307-19, p, 213 (Oct.).

* Ibid.f p, iBi (30 May, 1316).

' 20 Hen. VT, ch. 5. Staiuies 0} the Realm ^ ii, p. 319 (1441-42).
" Particule cotnpoti Willelmi Clement supervisons scmtinii regis in portubus

Londonie et Sandwici [etc.]. MS., R, O,, K. R. Customs, 184/10.

' SialtUcs ojikt Realm, iii, p. 1 20 (8 July, 21 Hen. VU). For Searchers* Accounts
(called Searchers' Entries), see the series of K. R. Port Books in the Public Record
Office.

I
I

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-1558

may have varied from time to time, at least we can say with

certainty, that the surveyor was appointed to have supervision
over the other officials of the port and especially over the searcher.
The necessity of such an officer is commentary enough upon the
morality of the customs branch of the early English civil service.*
These four classes of officials do not exhaust the list. There
were also clerks ^ and deputies,^ trooers, weighers,* cranekeepers,
wharfingers/ and waiters,* with whom we are not particularly

* The following is an excerpt from the report of a royal comrmssion of 6 Ed. VI
(1551). It well shows the constant supervision of one official by another.

" Also that no bond be taken by the Collector for the Transporting of any Wares
or Vitailes from one Port to another within this Realm biit in the presence and by
the Consent of the Com pi roller and Sun-^eyor the said bond or bonds to remain in
the Custom house under the said Officers keeping so that the King's Majestic may
then be truly answered for the forfeiture of them accordingly.*' MS., Br. M.,
Add., 301Ç8, foL 4.Î b.

" And tJiat the Obligacons and Certificates made by the Customers and their
Cockelts may be Examined by the Kings Attorney and SoUcitor for Terme to
Terme." I bid. y foL 41,

' See below, 5 41, p. 408,

' "That no Customer, Controller of the Custom, Clerks, Deputies, Ministers,
nor their Serv^ants, Factors, nor Searchers, Controllers or Surveyors of Searches,
nor their Clerks, Deputies, Ministers, or Factors, shall have any Ships of their own,
or shall buy or sell by way or hy colour of Merchandise, nor they shaO not meddle
with Freighting of Ships, or have or occupy any such Wharfs or Ke^^, or shall hold
any Hostries or Taverns, nor shall be any Factors or Atlomies for any Merchant,
Denizen or Alien; nor shall be Hosts to any Merchant alien." Staitttes of the Realm,
ti. p. 319 (1441-42).

* The office of trôner or peser (weigher) of wool and other commodities b as old
as the thirteenth century. Under 7 March, i igg-i^oo, we find recorded a '* Grant to
Nicholas de Barbefiet, burgess of Southampton, of the tronage and pesage of woob,
crossing the sea, at Southampton, to hold for six years during good behaviour, and
at a rent at the Exchequer of 40 s, a year," Catetidar of Paient Rolls, Ed. I, voL
i292-i30î,p. 492.

In an account running from 29 Sept., 1326 to q April, 1327, we find that the rate
of the tronage of wool was \ d. per sack, with fractions of a sack not counted. MS.,
R. O., K. R. Customs, 105 /12a. In another account for the period 1324-26 the
rate was i d. per sack. See below, } 38.

' I Eliz-, ch. II, § 6. Statutes of the Realm ^ iv, pt. 1, p. 373.

' Excerpt from the report of a royal commission, 1552: ** And that the under
Officers named Vigilatores ad Ripam commonly called Waiters in their proper p>er-
sons and by no deputys do dihgently serve watch & look as well by day as by night
both by Water and by Land according as they ought to do, that no goods Wares and
Merchandizes be taken up before that the Kings Majestie be answered for his Cus-
toms and Subsidies therefore, but they seize it arrest the same to the Kinp Majesties
use:* MS., Br. M., Add., 301^8.

lOO

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

concerned, because, except in the case of the waiters, their ac-
counts were not reguJarly returned to the exchequer; and the
waiters' accounts belong to a period subsequent to that covered
by this book.

15. The instituiional side of histmy. Our general interest so far
has lain in the details rather than the larger issues of the in-
stitutional side of histor>\ We may at this point pause to reflect
upon some general aspects of the subject.

It should be observed at the outset that the English customs
system is an institution and one of importance; that it has had
a long history; and that though this history is not exactly like
that of any other institution, it has had a development which
illustrates some points in the general course of institutional
progress.

It is axiomatic that every institution rises to meet a need. This
is its historical justification. But the institution and the need may
be temporary or permanent, or better perhaps short-lived or long-
lived. The village, the town, the state are long-lived; the manor,
municipal leagues, national alliances are of shorter duration or
only temporary adjustments. Curiously enough, the history of
the customs is inter^v^oven with the historj^ of all of these.

As an institution develops, it meets two obstacles that retard
its development if they do not anally overthrow it- Well-estab-
lished institutions with ever-present vested interests stand in the
way of the new institution with no developed vested interests of
its own. We have seen this illustrated in the history of the cus-
toms. But more serious than this is the mental limitation of man
himself, his lack of imagination, his incapacity to see, his un-
wiUingness to cooperate, or his inability to change his habits and
ways of living. Such charges may be brought against the oppo-
nents of the nascent national customs system.

Give the institution its start, however, and it has a momentum
of its own, or nearly its own, for the men who live by it become
part of it, protect it, and perpetuate it. Two hundred years of
customs history showed little or no change» experienced no new
purpose, undertook no new task. The bureaucratic tendencies of

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1275-7358

lOI

our own time make us familiar with the process ot systematiza-
tion, consolidation, and gradation. Our story of the English
customs has such a chapter. Formalism in institutions, as m art,
breeds degeneration. This is one of the results most commonly
observ^ed though perhaps least studied. Fortunately for the cus-
toms there was a countervailing force of readjustment. Customs
officials were never permitted to form a closed corporation like
the towns, never made their offices hereditary as did the high
dignitaries near the throne.

Behind the institutions which man evolves for his own welfare,
there are three forces which we may call the germinal, the direc-
tive, and the competitive. The germinal impulses spring from the
people themselves, from their common experience, their inner-
most consciousness. Although no people has a monopoly of such
impulses the Teutons constitute the stock illustration. Institu-
tions of democratic import have been traced back to the Teutonic
primitive communities: in government the local moot, in pro-
duction the system of cooperation, and in warfare the popular
militia. Fortunate have been the peoples who have also possessed
a directive as well as a germinal force. It is a matter of common
belief that this happy combination is found in the early English
state with its Anglo-Saxon germination and its Norman directioo.
The institutions of modem England, both political and economic,
were moulded under such auspicious influences.

No matter how ideal such institutions might prove when tested
by local needs, they have still to enter the fiery furnace of foreign
competition. This third force, the competitive, has proved in all
ages a weak link in the chain of national existence, as is shown in
the history of the peoples who have risen and fallen.

Very interesting it is to note that all three forces are found at
work in the evolution of the customs. The germinal forces in the
early towns were the burgesses, in the early state the merchants
who were engaged in foreign trade. The directive power working
to some extent blindly, to some extent intelligently, established
one system after another without wearying in its efforts to find
a newer, larger, and richer source of revenue. The competition
of the local and national s>-stems was but a promise of national

I02

,,f^B£i EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

and mtema£oiial conflicts of our mcxlem period in which trade
regt^atîônè and customs manipulations play their part.
^.-/•Thèorigîn of institutions has long been an alluring problem for
iiiVèstigators. Some students have never been content to find a
reasonable spontaneous growth to meet a local need, preferring
to seek beyond the national boundaries the origin for every
development This issue has entered the field of institutional
histor>^ in such problems as the origin of gilds, of the jur>% and the
exchequer. There is no doubt that imitation and borrowing are
large factors in institutional progress, as the histor>^ of the cus-
toms in both medieval and modem times well illustrates; but
there could hardly be foimd a clearer case of indigenous origins
than many of the English customs which arose in the peculiar
momentary needs of a hard-pressed prince often waging wars of
aggrandizement.

The ways of sodety are devious. Often when it seems near to
dissolution in apparently senseless wars, it is really forging
weapons, at the time intended only to be destructive, which prove
ultimately of service in times of peace. The customs system well
illustrates this.

In the heat of war or other conflict the new institution comes
into being with great prominence, welcomed by some» opposed by
others. As time passes, the historical origin, once so prominent, is
forgotten. The very name is obliterated by time and fresh
points of view. The ** new " customs become the " old "; and
the ** ancient " customs, once quite distinct, are merged. Logic
and temporary needs give rise to new categories, which, like our
reforms in spelling, blot out the course of development.

Into the fold of localism crept gradually but surely the national
system. In military organization, in judicial administration, in
commercial regulation, and in financial systems, the state was
making itself felt. Such inroads are paralleled today only by the
influence of international upon national organizations. Just as
today the new order of nascent internationalism and decadent
nationalism is suffering a reaction in war^ so did nascent nation-
alism and decadent localism change places in the feudal dis*
turbances of the reign of the second Edward,

I
I

INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY, 1273-1338 IO3

How far the process of nation-building was due to the revival
of Roman tradition and how far to a new consciousness of kind
and interest, we do not know. But we can, however, roughly
trace the development of one national institution, the customs
system, from active resistance to partial acceptance and finally
to full participation. It is instructive to note how readily the
crown turned to various groups for assent to its policies; to
merchants, to the Lords, to the Commons alone, and finally to
the representatives of all classes.

Once the customs system was fully supported by the nation,
there began a period of administrative stagnation, the quiet of
which was disturbed only by Tudor necessities and Tudor im-
positions, which became Stuart luxuries and Stuart tyrannies.
The period of origins, development, and quiescence once past, the
customs entered a time of unrest, change, and complication, a
period beyond our allotted field.

CHAPTER III

THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

i6. Geographical and economic distribution oj ttie ports. Up to
this point the customs system as an institution has been dealt
with in outline. Here it is the economic conditions underl>ing
that system, and the economic developments illustrated by its
history that are of interest.

Throughout this present chapter there is a twofold purpose:
the one is to provide a commentary on the economic interest of
the customs documents; the other is to present some of the con-
clusions arrived at through a study of these documents. The
former purpose might be accomplished by utilizing the documents
in a special study of some economic topic. This has already been
done in my book on the com trade,* Others have used the cus-
toms accounts to a greater or less degree. Schanz wrote a very
valuable treatise, using in part the enrolled accounts.^ Lewis *
and Salzmann * have sampled the details of customs accounts for
their particular purposes. But since the nature of the economic
material in these records is not well known to students, the chief
emphasis here is upon the kind of evidence they contain. It is» of
course, always to be remembered that the documents printed
form but an infinitesimal part of the total number.

From first to last in the study of the customs we have to do
with ports. Apart from Hale's legal treatise on Seaports * and
Hairs one chapter,* we are compelled to rely upon scattered
information. The customs accounts provide one of the best exist-
ing sources for a comparative study of the subject, a study which
has not yet been made.

* Evolution of the English Com Markd, App. B, C, D, * See above, p. lo.

* The Stannaries f e. g., pp. 4^47» notes.

* English Industries of the Middle Ages^ e, g., p. 144, n. 5.

* See above, p. 6.
' Histûry of ike Custom-Revenue in England, ii, ch. i.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

105

In reading the customs accounts one is at first puzzled by the
lunbiguous use of the word ** port." ' Although its primary mean-
ing is haven ^ its secondary and technical meaning is chief port.
The whole coast was di\ided into sections, in each of which there
were a chief port and member ports. This was an administrative
device dating apparently only from 1275. In 1203 there were
thirty-five ports separately accounted for,^ Bristol, Chester, Ply-
mouthy and, of course, the Welsh ports, being omitted. If these
had been included, the number would have been over forty. In
1275 only thirteen ports were assigned for the collection of the
ancient custom.^ In 1288 the number was seventeen* and in 1303
fifteen.^ Although there were variations from time to time, there
was no great increase during our period, for the number in the
time of Elizabeth was only twenty-one.®

Although, probably from 1275 onward, there was such a group-
ing of ports/ it was only at a later date that the threefold distinc-
tion was made of port, members, and creeks,® the documents
reading in the meantime somewhat as follows: the port of Sand-
wich and along the coast to Winchelsea and to Faversham,* or in
the port of the City of London and in all the ports and places
adjacent to the same port,'° By the time of Charles II, the dis-
tinction of ports, members, and creeks was a sharp one with a
system of graded dependence from the chief port down through
the members to the creeks,"

It may be that the suggestion for this grouping came from an
earlier local condition, wherein two or more ports, such as the
important Sandwich and the unimportant Fordwich, were under
one lord, or wherein a town possessed a monopoly or precedence
over other places in the matter of unloading^ as in the case of

* Sec belaw, § 54, p. 602. ' See below, § 21, p. 223.
' Parliamtntary Wri^s^ i, p. 381.

* CûUndar of Fine Rolls, Ed, I, vol, 1272-1307, p. 250,

* Ibid., pp. 466-467,
K. R. Customs, 171/36. *' The names of all the portes in England.*'

^ In an account bc^nning June, 1275, Cliichester, Shorekini, and Seaford arc
grouped together, the first two having been designated independent ports. K* R,
Customs, 135/1.

* Cf. below, §§ 56, 58. " Sec below, 5 54, p. 60a.
■ See below, { 34, pp. 302-303. " Indt* Ve^tigalmm, pp. 48 f.

io6

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Torksey on the Trent,* But it îs mare likely that administrative
convenience suggested the arrangement.

Not every port was chosen that had the geographical qualifica-
tion. It had to possess elements of economic strength, such as a
rich agricultural hinterland as in the case of Sandwich, or a
mining population such as that of Exeter and Dartmouth, or
an industrial population like that of Bristol So much the
better if the port was conveniently situated for inland traffic,
such as London on the Thames, Lynn with its canal and over-
land routes to the midlands, and Southampton with its road
connections with London, To these qualifications must be added^
of course, in the case of ports on the south and east, accessibility
to a foreign market largely in the hands of the Hanse, the
Italians, and the French, For Bristol this foreign market was
the Iberian Peninsula, Ireland, and Iceland.

Ports might be classified in various ways, A study of exports
and imports would provide an economic basis of differentiation.
For this purpose the customs accounts are useful, especially in the
case of wool, cloth,' and wine,' Although the fortunes of ports
varied a good deal there was one f>ort, London, that forged slowly
ahead to a position not so much of eminence as of supremacy.*
This is the largest fact in their economic histor>\

The ports might be divided, too, into private and royal. The
tendency was for the sovereign to bring all the ports into his own
hands, such as Sandwich and Fordwich, Chester and Liverpool.
He was not content merely to impose new customs on these ports
but he sought to get possession of the old ones. This is the
conspicuous fact in their political Mstory.

17, Exports, Out of the localism of the middle ages there
emerged the national point of view. This does not mean a wide-
spread feeling of loyalt>^ to the national group as such, but the
distinction between the manor or town on the one hand and the
state on the other, and between one state and another. How
much of this was due to warfare, we shall not stop to inquire, but

> Sec below, pp. 155, 157-158,
«Seebdow,H43»44-

• See bciow, { 40,

• Sec below, p. 129.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

107

■

we can see in the customs evidence of an administrative distinc-
tion which was to fight a hard battle for existence and wMch, as
the generations passed, bored its way into the consciousness of
the people.

No higher motive on the part of the king and his advisers can
be discovered than financial expediency. Local taxes went largely
for local purposes or to feudal lords* There was room for a
national custom on foreign trade but none for a superimposed
local system, except murage, pavage, and the like which were to
be used for local utilities. The privileged position of the burgesses
in the local system did not make that system a promising one for
royal financial purposes.

At least as early as the twelfth century the export due, lastage,
was imposed on goods exported abroad, if the argument presented
above is valid.* As early as the first part of the same century it
was stated in the royal charter given to Newcastle-on-Tyne that
** a burgess may export corn whither he will without license." ^
In the customs system of King John, sharp distinction was made
between exportation, importation, and coast trade.*

In the list of lastage rates due on goods exported abroad,* we
may see how varied were the exports of England. In the partially
illegible document of 1203, we can make out the names of the
follomng articles of export either permitted or for the time pro-
hibited: corn, wine, salt^ wax, var ei gris, werell, bacon, meat,
cheese, butter, honey, herring, and salmon,* The greatest variety
of exports is found in the accounts of goods subject to the new
custom of 1303, that is, the general merchandise exported by
aliens on paymient of 3 d. per £.

In the accounts printed below we find many cases of exports of
great interest, such as the large quantities of lead and tin or com-
binations of the two exported from London,* the salt exported

' See above, pp. 29 f.

* BaDard, British Bùraugh Charters, 1042-1216, p. 214. The words are *' bladum
suimi du cere ex pairia sine Hcentia."

* See below, $ 20, pp, 217 (3), 218 (3).

* See below, § 17, pp. 208 f.

* See below, § 20, pp. 218, 221.

* Sw below, § 52, pp. 560 1

Aéi

io8

TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

from Boston,' com, coal, and lead from Lj^m»^ and cloth ' as
well as metals from the southwest.

We are surprised to read of the exportation of meat,* doubtless
preserved in brine. The subject of food preservation is an impor-
tant one, constituting as it does one ciapter in the development of
time production. I have noted elsewhere ' the failure of men in
the middle ages to appreciate time production in the corn trade,
in which the element of preser\^ation was not large. Doubtless in
the case of perishable articles full recognition and reward for
preservation would have been allowed.

The small number of hides (cowhides, coria) exported, when
compared with wool and woolfells, indicates that English hides
were either inferior or used at home, or probably both.

Many more such instances, important in themselves, might be
drawn from the accounts of exports. Some of these are used
below. The outstanding feature, however, is that England's
chief exports were wool and cloth, not wool at an earlier period
and cloth at a later, but both together, at least from 1303 when
the accounts dealing with cloth begin.* It is significant that the
three customs give wool or cloth an important place, the ancient
custom of 1275 chiefly on wool exported, the new custom of 1303
partly on wool exported and partly on cloth exported or im-
ported, and the cloth custom of 1347 including cloth only,

18. Imparts. In scavage, imports were probably first differen-
tiated from local trade, as exports were in lastage. In the use of
such distinct terms as scavage and lastage we see a sharp distinc-
tion made between imports and exports, which, as has been noted,
was also made in 1203.^

From the import accoimts a good deal of information is to be
derived concerning the economic condition of England. Trade
connections are to be found in descriptions of goods imported,
for example; in 1303, Spanish wool, hides from Seville, and tiles

1 See below, S 32, p. 273. • See below, §f 50, 56, 58.

' See below, §§ 39, 44.

* For example, below, ÎS 34» 3^*

* Evdution of the English Corn Market, p. i6r,

* Sec below^ pp* 1 15-116. ' See above, p. 107.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

109

I
I

from Flanders at the port of Sandwich; ^ in 1421, Holland linen
doth, and Koln thread at the port of London;^ in 1504, Irish
boards and mantels at the port of Lynn;^ and in 1509, Rouen
cutlery, Cadiz girdles, Spanish hidesj Bruges and Lyons thread,
Naples fustian, Vitry canvas, Burgundy and Rhemsh glass, and
Picaxdy woad at the port of London.* Another example of in-
terest is the account of the year 1587 which shows a whole fleet
of ships coming in from St. Nicholas, Russia."^

In the imports of manufactured goods we see not only the rivals
but the models of English industry. This was notably true of
doth. In a period of jk months in the year 1303, we find Boston
importing 7 cloths of scarlet, 47 cloths of part grain, and 1282Î
doths without grain.^ In the fiscal year, 1304-1305, Sandwich
imported 31 cloths of scarlet, 91 of part grain, and 1178^ without
grain,' It is to be remembered that these w^ere the very kinds of
doth which Englishmen were themselves beginning at this time
to export.

The contribution of the import accounts to the study of in-
dustry is given special attention below. Some light is thrown upon
agriculture in the entries of onions^ garlic, and cabbages imported,
for example, in the account for London, 1420-1421.* From this w^e
may perhaps infer that these vegetables w^re not much cultivated
in England, The importation of onion seed^ indicates that either
EngUshmen or aliens in England were introducing onion-growing'^
or experimenting in foreign varieties.

The standard of living is clearly reflected in the goods brought
from foreign lands, both necessities and luxuries. The chief

» See below, S ji, pp. aôç^ 270.
^* See below, f 46, pp. 504» 50Ç>'
See below, { 58» p. 670.

* See below, § 5?, pp. 560 f.
^ * MS., R. O., K, R, Port Books, 7/8.

Sec below. § 53, pp. 288 f.
Sec below, § 34, pp. 302 f.
' See below^ § 46, pp. 498 f. See also Bofltoa*s importation of garlic (atlium} in
1503» i 53i P* 298, and Lynn*s importation of onions, garlic, and leeks in 1403, § 51,

P 553*

• Sec below» { 46, p. 453.
^^ Cf. Rogers, A Bùtory oj Agriculiure and Prices in England ^ v p. 223.

TEE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

luxury was wine^ imported in large quantities throughout the
period with which we are concerned, principally from Gascony
and the Rhine.

The earliest extensive lists of imports begin with the new
custom of 1303, or that part of it relating to the 3 d. per £
levied on general merchandise.* An interesting comparison might
be made of the progress of the centuries, in which we should
learn whether the variety increased or diminished and how far
Englishmen, as time went on, tended to provide themselves with
certain goods formerly imported from abroad. The importation
of compasses, razors, spectacles, paper, printed books, glass
bottles, playing tables, and soap is significant, as also their later
manufacture in England. This subject is considered briefly in
section 20 below.

19. Merchants and shipping. The customs documents almost
always give the name of the merchant exporting or importing
goods, and from 1549 onwards the names of those engaging in the
coast-trade. One of the very first inquiries we make about mer*
chants is whether they were aliens or denizens. The name is often
an indication of the nationality or residence, but it is not infal-
lible. Explicit statement is found in the accounts of those cus-
toms that have one rate for aliens and one for denizens, and we
may add, for certain periods a third rate for Hanseatic mer-
chants. The ancient custom of 1275 was coUected ahke from
aliens and denizens at the same rate. The new custom of 1303
was paid by aliens only. But when we come to the year 1347 we
have customs with differential rates which provide a basis of
comparison. In the period following 1347, we find an increasing
number of accounts of various customs all accounted for by one
set of officials, in which it was necessary to state the nationality
or domicile of the shippers, so as to indicate the tax that was due.
This was true of the outports, not of London.

The accompanying table makes comparison of the activities of
the two groups.

^ See below, §§ 29 f.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

III

Fossick Tbade Carsisd un by Denizens and Aliens

Poiod

Port

DeoiwD

Alien

Nmture of tradt

ReStretiice

1175-1^76»

Hull

18«

Export, shipments a

i 3i below

i5ia-iJ40

All EDgbnd

Ï43

Ëi(port« Ahjproents*

1 43 b*low

IJ40-USO

All EMlifld

Export , shipment» «

J44b«bw

laflci^Si

Bmtol

2484J

140

Export, dothi

K.R.C, 16/jo

il8i-»J*a

Bristol

1970

606

Export, cloths

K.R.C.. 16/13

il8t-ij8a

Lynn

Exjxwt, shiproeni*

t Si below

Ii»4-M«5

Londoa

AS99

7«!

Export, sack» of wool ^

K.R.C, 71/Ç

I44J-I444

ScKitliJimptoD

53t|

Ijnport* ton» of wine

1 57 below

1461 •

Brijtol

Export and imp., shipments

K.R,C.. ig/i

U6<^i4li7

Lynn

Export and imp., shipments

Iss below

I48S-I4«>

Briilol

661

Export and imp., ahipnicnts

K.RX-, io/s

t4Q3-t404 }

Exelcr and |

4»8

Î30

Export and imp., shipmenU

K.R.C., 4i/i8

J5«J-IS04

Lynn

aoi

Export and imp., shipment.^

1 s& below

iS4^iSSO»

Lyim

Export and imp., shtpmeot*

fs6 below

' Ten montha. ' Wool, woollelU, hides. » Cloths: denizens — 3847; aiksa — aoo4l>

' Clotlia: dcnixeiu — 4545; aliens— lafi. * WooUella; demacns — 146,935; alieni — it^of,

» Bail 1. yeu-, ' Less than ^ inaatlis.

I
I

Many more such figures might be given even from the accounts
here published and still more from the numerous manuscripts in
the Record Office. Perhaps three significant conclusions might be
drawn from a statistical study of the subject: English merchants
were better able to hold their own in the outports than in London;
their shipments were on the average smaller than those of aliens;
and, through national enterprise and legislative aid, denizen
merchants came in the course of about two hundred years (1350-
1550) to oust aliens, not only from their privileged position but
from their dominance in foreign trade.

The most remarkable group of foreign merchants trading in
medieval England were members of the Hanseatic league. The
student of Hanseatic activities in England cannot afford to pass
over the customs accounts in which their trade is recorded, both
quantitatively and qualitatively. From these we may learn how
much of their business was done in the outports and how much in
London; how far their trade catered to the industrial develop-
ment of England by importing raw materials (iron, alum, dyes,
etc) and exporting finished goods (clothj pewter wares, etc.),
and how far not; and to what extent they were exempted from

112

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

customs due from aliens. This last subject has never, I believe,
been worked out for the whole period preceding the restoration
and enhancement of their privileges by Edward IV. The Hanse
probably did not pay the cloth custom of 1347,^ except during the
periods of the suspension of their privileges.* During suspension
they were obliged to pay the subsidy of tunnage and poundage; '
when enjo>îng full privilege they were exempt.* They probably
were not exempt from the subsidy on wool, woolfells, and hides.
And of course they had to pay the ancient custom of 1275 and the
new custom of 1303 which antedated their charter of exemption
from new customs duties, granted in 1317.* Thus, of the five
branches of the customs, the Hanseatic merchants were exempt
from but one permanently (the cloth custom of 1347) and from
one other for short periods (the tunnage and poundage). The
cloth exemption has been taken by Lipson to be the " measure of
the preferential tariffs enjoyed by the Hansards . * . under the
Tudors," " while it was really the striking exception.

Probably not only have the privileges of the Hanse been exag-
gerated but also the extent of their trade. In Bristol and in the
ports of Cornw^all and Devonshire they had little or no interest.
In Southampton they were not prominent. It was cMefiy in
London and Lynn and other eastern ports that they were active,
but this was, of course, a large field in itself.

The only body of English merchants organized during the
whole period of Hanseatic prosperity was the company of Mer-
chants of the Staple. Nearly all writers who have been concerned
with the customs dwell at greater or less length upon the Staplers.
A search through the customs accounts reveals very little connec-
tion between the customs system as such and the merchants
exporting to the English staple. This may be due to the fact that
the association was a loose one, a regulated rather than a joint-

* Cakndar of Close RûUs^ Ed. HI, vol. 1346-49, P- 354 (ao Jan., 1347-48). Cf.
below^ §46 (1420-1421)«

' See SchanZp Engliscke Handehpoliiik gegen Ende des MiiUlalitrs^ i, pp. 175-177.
» MS., R. 0., K. R. Customs, 138/tî (7^ Richard lî}.

* See below» App. B (10-14, ïq)-

* Rotuli Parlmmfnlornm, vi, p. 68.

* An Introduction ta the Economic History &f Enghnd, i, p. 466.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OP THE CUSTOMS

stock œmpany, in which each merchant traded on his own
responsibility, in marked contrast to some of the later companies
which play so large a part in the later customs accounts. It may
be, as seems likely, that the connection has been exaggerated.
However, in the customs documents of the late fifteenth and early
sixteenth centuries there is a good deal of information as to the
goods handled by these merchants and as to the numbers and
shipments of individual merchants in each cargo,^ together with
the activities of the supercargo.*

CM partnership we read a great deal, both alien and denizen,
from the Italian compam'es exporting wool in 1275' and 1294^
1 295 * to the humble Englishman John Cleys and liis partners who
exported 14J bacons from Sandwich in 1299. The words occurring
in the accounts are canjuncii and socii; societas and poriagium.
The sacietas was a partnership of two or more either of blood
relationship * or simply of business connections.' A portagium of
one hundred and four copartners imported into London in an
Italian galley in 142 1 goods to the value of £510.' Whether this
w^as a mariners* portage or a commendû is not clear, that is,
whether it was one hundred and four sailors who had space
aUotted to them for carrying such goods as they cared to trade in
on their own account» or an agreement between some owners of
capital who stayed at home and agents (poriatores) who went
abroad to trade. Probably the former, the sailors' portage or
freight, is the explanation. Of the specific mention of this we
find one clear example in the case of goods imported into Boston
by aliens apparently in the year 1527. The rector navis imported
£15 worth of fish, oil, boards, and "sharp stones," and in his
name there was a mariners' portage of £15 worth apparently of

» For example, see MS., R. 0., K. R. Customs, 8i/io (London, 14-15 Hen, VUI);
also below, } 54, pp. 601 f.
» See below, § 54, p. 605.

• See below, f 15, p* 225.

• See below, S 47. PP- 516, 519«

' Henry and John Ropere, conjuncHf exported 12 cloths from Bristol. MS,, R. 0.,
K, R. Customs, 16/to (1380-1381).

• See below, } 23, p, 225*
T See below, f 46, p. 454-

114

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

the same commodities.^ Judging from the way in which the
entry was made, as a shipment by one group of persons owning
in common, we should say this was an early form of the periodic
joint-stock company, unincorporated of course.

Probably nowhere could there be found so clear a distinction
as in the customs accounts between the Hanseatic and Staple
associations of merchants on the one hand and the real partner-
ships of men owning in common and sharing profit and loss on the
other. In the case of the former the name of each merchant is
recorded together with his shipment and customs paid, while in
the case of the latter frequently only the name of one merchant is
set dow^n or at most several while the rest are summed up by the
phrase ** and their partners '^ the shipment and customs paid
always constituting one entry.

Numerous as these partnerships were, the typical trader was
the individual merchant. Although Don Fernmidus^ king of
Portugal, might export cloth from Bristol and Edward IV of Eng-
land wool from London,' the chief traders were of more humble
station. The acti\îties of the Canynges of Bristol * are well-
known, as are those of John de Wesenham of Lynn,^ and Richard
Gresham of London;*^ or among the aliens, Ertmer Sw^art of
Kohi,^ Francisco Balby of Venice,^ and Antony Vivaldi of Genoa.*
Less welJ-known but still of great mterest because typical of
thousands of merchants was John Tanne of Lynn, who exported
twenty lots of goods iji the fiscal year 1503-1504, on all but two
occasions in ships of Lynn. While his exports were principally
com and cloth, his imports were chiefly wine.^^

* De rpctore navis pro pisce oleo bordis ct pétris acutis val. £15.
De eodem pro porta^o maiinarioniro vaU £15-

De Counrado de Lubik' pro piscc et olco val. £15, etc. MS., R. O., K. R. Cus-
toms, 6/21.

« MS., R, 0., K. R, Customs, 16/10 {1380-1381).

^ See below, 5 54* p* (^2.

< MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 16/10 (1380-13S1).

* See below, pp^ 415} 427, 445; also my Evolution of the English Corn Market^

P- 173.

* Sec below, { 5a, p. 561,

^ Sec below, { 46, p. 452. * See below, î s^. P- 561.

" Sec below, f 46, p, 454. " See below, } 58, pp. 647 f .

I
I

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

IIS

Of women engaged in trade we read occasionally,^ but of sailors
exporting or importing very frequently.* The captain of the ship
{rector navis, m^giskr) often ventured on his own behalf.
H Of sliips we get no end of information concerning their names,
V home ports, and masters, but until the time of Elizabeth not their
burden. While usually the ships of a port did more of its carrying
trade than those of any other jxïrt,^ occasionally it was far other-
wise. In 1327 and 1328, aUens imported 1454e tuns of wine at
Southampton, but none in ships of that port. Similar conditions
B prevailed in Boston and Bristol On the other hand Yarmouth
took only sixty-one tuns of aliens' wine and furnished eleven ships
to the trade, while Winchelsea took one ton and furnished four
ships**

Eight different names of boats have been noted: *

Na\is (ship) Craiera (cray)

Balingera (barge) Galia (galley)

Batella (small boat) Scapha (skiff)

Carvela (caravel) Spinacia (spinace)

But the most interesting of all is the ship called the ** General '*
which is entered in the London export trade thirty-two times in
the fiscal year 1420-14 21,* though perhaps not making that num-
I ber of trips. The explanation may be that this vessel was plying
regularly between London and nearby Continental ports.

I 20, Industry, Much of the mercantile activity just described
had to do with trade in textiles or in the raw materials of which
they were made. By unanimous consent cloth has been awarded
the first place in English industr>'. For the study of this industry
the customs accounts are indispensable. Unfortunately the
earliest of these documents to provide any considerable amount
of informadoHj the accounts of the new custom of 1303, begin
rather late, but they are early enough to throw some new light on

' Sec below, § 40* P^ 399» 5 4^. P- 455* ' For example below ^ { 36,
■ See, for example, $ 50, pp. 526 f.

* See below, § 40, pp. 399 Î.

* MS., R. O,, K. R, Customs. 40/16 {1391-1593 ?) and 41/18 {1431).

* Sec below, § 46, pp. 454 f-

Ii6

TEE EARLY BNGLISB CUSTOMS

the subject, because one of the crucial periods in England's
industrial development was from 1300 to 1350.

Although we find cloth unported in the period following 1303,
we also find it exported in quantities as the following table shows.

Cloth ëxposikq by Aliens

Perwd

P«.

Woollen
Clotba^

Oibcr cloths

Refefcace

10 Feb.— A At&y* 1101

Sandiflch

Boston

Lynn

Sttudwicb

SoutbB4nploa

South&mptoa

Ermoutb

Tel^mcMith

Lyna

Sandwich

]l<i9ton

All EngkiKi

AU EngUnd

33
385!

r9
i8|

j....

19»
S
ï7J3i
1376

f3>bebw
f 33 below
K.R.C., 9J/3
1 34 below
f 36 below
K..R.C,, 136/17

i39beUm

K.RC,93/*4

K.R.C., 134/20

lo Feb.-i8 Sept., 1303

as Feb.. 1303-36 June, 1304

20 Sept., i304-»8 Sept.. 1305

38 Oct., 1308-17 Au«., 1309
7 Feb .'38 Sept»* 1313

30 Apnl, 1 334-^35 May, 1 jaô j

39 Sept., 1334-38 Sept., 1335
1 Feb,|f 1325-33 Jan., 1336

A yreat many •
Agreattoanyi

Several lota <

Valued *t £40 Ui^ 4d,

Several lots »

35 bts*

39 Sept., t336-ao April, ijiT
39 Sept., 134^-38 Sept.. 1349
39 Sept., 1349-38 Sept,. 13S0

SevemlbU*

4170 worsteds
3395 worsteds

K.R.C.. 6/»6
1 43 below
1 44 bebw

i Scarlet, half gmi&, and witbout grain.

• Three dotlu, cloths valued at £1354 135. 4d., and 44 other lots of itodetermlnable aniounL and
value.

• Five cloths f 4 Iota worth £75 ^* 8d.. aitd 3 other lots of unknown amount and value. About
160 doth» were cither exported or Imported, in addition to cloths valued at £62. Cbtb imported
amounted to 1 1 58! cloths and othem valued at 533* 4d. The summaries Attached to the account indi^
cate that the total number of doths in groin, half grain, and without grain, exported or imported* was
i7S5i cbths, 61 yaitis.

• Eight piec« and 4 remnants of blankets, 8 pieces of carpet, and a other Vau,

• Eighteen dotha and other* to tbc value of £149*

• Valued at £421.
f Unspeci&ed. Os; imported, tSi.
I Five lots and other cloib valued at £191.

.was

Since only aliens paid customs on cloth up to 1347, this table
does not include cloth exported by denizens before that date.

The variety of cloths exported is as noteworthy as the amount,
and shows a wide-spread development of the industry, in many
places rural as well as urban, a development based on domestic
tastes as w^ell as foreign models.

It would seem safe to infer that Ashley has placed undue
emphasis upon the immigration of Flemish cloth workers in the
period 1331-37 and following J Important it doubtless was, but

* Ashley, An Iniroducti<m to EngHsh Economic Eistory cmd Theory,
pp, 196 i.

i, pt, ii,

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF TEE CUSTOMS

117

•

it was of the nature of an accelerating rather than an innovating
movement.

Instead of the importation of alien cloth workers, the customs
accounts bid us emphasize the importation of raw materials which
English weavers and dyers needed. Small quantities of Spanish ^
and German ^ wool were brought m^ and large quantities of
mordants ^ and dyes,*

As years went by, more and more of these materials were ina-
ported. And more and more varied did the English cloth become,
so that by the close of the fourteenth and the early part of the
fifteenth century, the customs accounts contain as many as one
and two dozen different kinds, ^ Articles made of cloth came to be
exported, such as hose {caliga)^ girdles, caps, coverlets, and bed-
cloth outfits \^ith canopies and curtains.

Although the manufacture of cloth was the chief industry, it
was of course not the onJy one. We should know a good deal
more about the real character of medieval manufacture, especially
its relation to marketing, if special studies were made of individual
industries based in part upon the customs accounts.

Pewter ^ was exported, at times in large quantities, from
Bristol,' London,* and Exeter and Dartmouth,'* It was made in
the towns, particularly in London, from the tin of the southwest
and the lead from various sources such as Somersetshire and
Derbyshire, Besides pewter, London exported in 1420-1421
various metal wares (daggers, basins, plates, buckles, wire, and
saucepans), as well as leather goods (bottles, buckets, bellows,
and probably belts and girdles), ''^

Starch is one of the commodities that we have been told was
introduced into England in the reign of Elizabeth; and in the

• See below, g 34, pp, 312, 313, 317, 32^, 324; also MS., R, O,, K, R, Customs,
6ç/i (London, 1307).

• K. R, Customs, 69/1 (London, 1307),

• See below, { 33, pp, 296, 2q^, § 37, pp. 375 f,

• See below. { 37, pp. 383, 386, 387, 3S9.

• Sec below, { 45, p. 436, § 46. pp. 453-454, § SO» PP* 5^6-527-

• Vas clcctrî, vasa slannea, vesscll" stagnum^ pewter vessel.
' K. R. Customs, 16/13 (5"^ Ricband 11).

• See below, § 46, pp. 453» 560, *•* See below, { 46, p. 453.

• R, R. Customs, 41/18 (1494). 975 poumb were exported in one half year.

ii8

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

customs books of her reign we read of ** English starche " being
carried from Faversham to London.* Accordingly when we find
the export of 10^512 pounds in nine lots from London during two
months of the year 1509,^ we are inclined to question whether
these were instances of the exportation of imported starch or of the
exportation of starch made in England at an unusually early date.

There is less question about the manufacture of shoes. In 1392
shoes to the value of 10 s. were exported from Plymouth.' This
may have been, of course, a more or less isolated instance, but
not so the exports from Lynn. In the fiscal year 1 503-1 504 we
find two lots of shoemakers' boards imported and one lot of
twelve pairs of shoes for men exported.* Later, in the year 1549-
1550, the export of three dozen shoes valued at 20 s. is recorded.*

It is these minor industries that we should like to know about,
how far, like tlie manufacture of beer, flour, and cheese that we
find exported, they developed out of a domestic industry and how
far out of a handicraft. One difficulty that can be removed only
by an intensive study of local conditions is to determine whether
the goods exported» cloth, coverlets, caps, shoes, pewter, leather
wares, and the like, were made in the country or in the town.
But this much is certain, whether made in the country or in the
town, or as is more likely in both, they show unmistakably a
development not yet accredited to them: in the case of town in-
dustry, a transition from the handicraft stage of local production
to the urban domestic stage so well described in Unwinds treatise,"
and in the case of rural industry, a development from the house-
hold system producing for family use, to the domestic system
producing for a more or less distant market. It is an omission of
serious proportions to have written the history of industry from
the standpoint of technical processes rather than from the stand-
point of marketing. The reader of the documents here printed
will have to revise his conception of a handicraft production only
for a local market and a household production only for family use.

* MS., R, O., Unclassified. The Port Book of London, 1585.

* See below, § 52, pp, 560 f.

* K. R. Customs, 40/16 (16 March» 15 RichArd II).

* See below, ( 5S, pp. 647, 6&0, 671, 679. * See below^ } 56, pp. 624« 630,

* Indusirial Organisai hn in ike sixteenth and seventtenik CetUurits,

I
I

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

119

21. Local economy. Town or local economy constitutes an
accepted stage in the history of economic organization, a stage
which, however qualified, is not likely to be rejected. Important
as town regulations undoubtedly were they should not be made
the essential feature of town economy. It was the exchange rela-
tions between the members of a local area with a town as nucleus
that constituted the moulding influence in local economy.

Bûcher has rightly emphasized the exchange of the raw ma-
terials of the countryside for the manufactured goods of the
town J But when he speaks of the local district as economically
" an independent region/' he misconceives the whole nature of
late medieval trade.* The customs accounts show the town or the
seaport not the centre of an independent area but the nucleus of
a district which is linked up with other districts, foreign and do-
mestic, each in turn with its own town centre*

Unless we are obsessed with the old notion that a nation exports
and imports, w^e must agree that foreign trade is carried on by
individual merchants or combinarions of merchants. This is the
fact of private economy that has underlain much of the economic
life of the past. There has been, however, a certain form of public
or general organization in which merchants played their individual
parts. The customs documents show this to have been local
economy, not an independent local economy but one which in-
volved the close association of towns, far and near. Thus Lynn
carried on a brisk trade with Koln and Newcastle, Sandwich with
Caen and London, Bristol with Lisbon and Waterford.

The interurban character of local economy is illustrated by the
importation of foreign goods which w^ere later exported abroad.
In 1303 Boston exported cotton, pitch, steel, and potash alum
{^cineres),^ wares not ordinarily produced in England and com-
monly imported from abroad. Sandwich in the year 1304-1305
imported 170 J quintals of wax, 12 of which presumably were
exported.* The list of lastage rates of 1323 includes as goods liable
to duty on exportation wine, cordovan, and sugar/ all of which
were common imports. Similar goods are found among the im-

* Ifuiustrial Evoluiion, p. i a i . * Ibid.^ p. 1 26.

• See below, f 34, pp. 306 f„ 333, 334.

■ See below, § 32, pp. 276, 286.
• See below, § 17» P* ^^o-

120

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

ports of London in the year 1420-1421, to which may be added
Flemish cheese, Irish cony skins, Scotch calfskins, Welsh cloth,
and a parrot, as well as w^ainscot and clipclapp which we know
came from the Baltic, and spices from the east.' This list might
be extended indefinitely. So much of this kind of trade occurs
that all chance or casual occurrence is ruled out as explanation,

Interurban trade connections are illustrated in another w^ay.
Merchants from one port often carried on the foreign trade of
another port, though we do not find much evidence of this because
the domicile of merchants is rarely mentioned. But in accounts
for the years 1466-1467 ^ and 1503-1504^ we find the names of
several merchants of London importing Gascon w4ne to Lynn,
This w^as probably the second lap of the wine trade, the first
being from Gascony to London, the second from London to
Lynn.

We have already seen that not only did one town provide mer*
chants but ships as wtU, to help carry on the trade of another
town/

Perhaps nothing so well illustrates the dependence of the trade
of one district upon that of another as a study of the commodities
exported. In 1303 ^ L>Tin exported lead, just as it did in 1503-
1 504 ' and iS4çri 550.' In all probabiHty this lead came overland
and by river from Derbyshire to Lyim. In the Bristol account for
1303-1309^ both lead and tin were exported, the former probably
from Somersetshire, the latter probably from Cornwall or Devon-
shire. In the Skirbeck lastage rates of 1323 lead is found Us ted
along with many other articles of export.^ It probably came from
the same mines as did that exported from Lynn. Late in 1326 and
early in 1327, Boston exported three pieces of scarlet cloth of
Lincoln, two lots of cloth of Beverley valued at £36, and one lot
of cloth of Beverley and Worstcad valued at £24.'" In 1420-1421,
London exported tin, lead, Coventry girdles, York coverlets, and

> See below, § 46, pp. 453, 498 f, * Sec below, § 58, p. 647.

• See below, 5 55, p. 607. * Sec above» p, 115.

• MS., R. O., K. R. Customs^ 93/2 (25 Feb., 1303-26 June, 1304).

• Sec below, { 58, pp. 64S1 649, 657, etc. ■ See below, 5 35, p. 546.
' See below, J 56, p. 624. • Sec below, § 17, p. 20Q.
" MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 6/a6 (Mich., 20 Ed, II- 20 April foHowing).

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

121

Winchester bed-cloths, testors» and coverlets.^ In 1503-1504*
and 1549^1550,* Lynn exported coals, which she probably received
from Newcastle in exchange for corn.

It may be objected that some of the instances referred to above
indicate international or foreign trade and nothing more, that is,
goods leaving an English for a foreign port* This objection lies
near the heart of an important point. When we si>eak of foreign
trade under the more or less uncontrolled system of the past, we
speak loosely, just as when today we refer to continental or world
trade. We point in such cases to an accidental characteristic of
the trade without describing its essential organization. While in
modern times, trade is carried on under a metropolitan organiza-
tion, in the medieval period it was under local economy, with
interurban trade connections. There is no essential difference
between the trade that Sandwich carried on with Caen when it
sent corn to the latter, and that of Beverley when it sent cloth to
Boston. As far as marketing goes, national boundaries do not
seem to be fundamental, at least not in normal times of peace.

How far back interurban trade could be pushed, only a special
investigation could show; but it goes far enough to indicate
that, before the town had reached its full maturity in internal
gild organization, it was linked up with its neighbors in close
economic dependence. This dependence should not be made the
main characteristic of town economy, but it should be placed on a
par with the purely local trade between the town and nearby
villages.

22. Market prices and cuslams valuaHon: the book of raks. In
1305 the device was adopted of placing an ad valorem or poundage
rate upon all wares that could not easily be assessed at specific
rates. This was the 3 d. per pound of 20 s., paid by aliens on
general merchandise exported or imported. Later in 1347 and
following, subsidies of poundage were granted at a higher rate,
6 d., 8 d., and finally 12 d. per pound value. In the accounts of
these two duties we find the value stated as the basis for reckoning
the tax.

» See below, S 46, pp. 453, 459, 466, 467, 469, 473, etc.
• See below, § 58, p. 647. ' See below, } 56, p. 624.

122

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

For the history of prices the data contained in the poundage
accounts are useful though uneven and uncertain. The value was
taken to be the true cost price at the first buying. Sometimes the
word valor is used, sometimes precium, and sometimes estimutus
ad. Too many elements of uncertainty entered into this valuation
to justify our accepting it as strictly market price. In the last
analysis, it would amount to little more than a declaration on the
part of the merchant of the lowest figure which the customs
officials would accept, always tending to be below the real market
price. A comparison with the prices coUected by Rogers shows
this. Part of the difference between Rogers* averages and those
made from customs data is, however, due to the fact that most of
the latter are wholesale prices, while most of the former are
retail

The interest in this price material is threefold. The fact that
the government made the market price the basis of the levy of a
tax indicates the full development of money economy in the sea-
ports by the year 1303* The fifteenth of King John would, of
course, push this back one hundred years, but there are probably
no detailed accounts of it extant. The second interest is that
the statistical data of prices are useful, though they must be
accepted with reserve, and always checked up by other sources.
And lastly, there is the special interest attached to these docu-
ments because they are almost the only extensive source for the
study of wholesale prices.

It is probable that the correlation between official valuation
and market price was closer just after 1303 than at any subse*
quent period. A few generations later all pretense of correlation
was abandoned in favor of the fixed official valuation made from
time to time in the books of rates.

The book of rates was not like a modem schedule of specific
duties on various commodities but a long list of fixed valuations
or prices, which supplanted market prices as the basis for reckon-
ing the ad valorem or poundage duties. It should be called " a
book of official valuations/* or ^* a book of appraisal/' The cus-
tom official in reckoning the amount of a duty referred to his book
of rates and then charged a certain percentage*

I
I

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

123

The greatest problem connected with the book of rates is the
time when it was first adopted. Hale,' Gilbert,^ Dowell,^ Cun-
ningham,* and Alton and Holland/ believed that the first book
was issued in 1558 or knew none earlier. Hale was led astray by
a statement in the book of rates of 1604, which indicated that the
earliest was set up in 1558. Schanz « was apparently the first to
question this time-honored view based upon official declaration»

A book of rates clearly dated and issued in 1507 is printed
below.^ Even this was probably not the first. In a miscellaneous
collection of documents originally published before 1502 or 1503,
there is a list of rates that have remained unidentified, apparently
because of the clumsy way in which they have been edited.^
They are printed under the caption Spycery, which properly
applies only to the first group of commodities. The other groups
are sundries, cloth, and more sundries. Some of the items close
with such an expression as valued ** at ii s.," while some have no
valuation at all There is no alphabetical order. The whole
make-up is crude and indicative of pioneer invention.

It seems likely that both of these early books of rates were not
national but metropolitan in origin and scope. The earlier was
printed in a collection called The Customs of Londmt and the later
was drawn up by the government only after a consultation with
the customs officials and the Merchant Adventurers of London.
The commodities in both resemble the general run of London's
imports and exports more than those of any other port. They have
several points in common, not simply that they were drawn up
exclusively for London, but that both were not printed for oflada!
use, so far as is known, and both made no distinction between
exports and imports.

The experiment made in London was later tried for the whole
realm. This chapter in the history of the book of rates is an

* Concerning Ike Customs^ p. 192,

• A Treaiise on the Court of the Exchequer ^ p. 208.

' A History of Taxation and Taxes in England, i, p. 165.

* The Grouih of English Industry and Commtrce^ i, p. 549.

• The King's Custom, i, p. 60.
P • Englische H and els polit ik gegen Ende des MitieJaiters, ii» pp. 7i 25, 31, 34, 35, 267.

' App. C, pp. 694 f.

' The Customs of London ^ otherwise coiled Arnùld*s Ckronkh^ pp. 334-237.

124

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

obscure one. It was probably Henry VIII, however, who na-
tionalized the customs valuation by issuing one book of rates for
all the ports of England. Just when this was done is not dear.
In 1532 the book of 1507 * was either reissued for London, or,
as seems less likely, extended to the whole reahn. A document
entitled An ordinance devised Jot Omdvancemeni ùf ike Custome
and labelled with the year " 1536 *^ states that there had been
no new rates since the king's coronation, that the officials had
been dishonest and the merchants crafty, and that the rates ** in
no port within the Reme doth agre one with another.** Accord-
ingly it was ordered that a general rate should be made to serve
throughout the country.* A comparison of rates shows that those
of 1507 were retained, the chief change being in the nationaliza-
tion of the rates formerly metropolitan.

In 1545 there was a reissue of the old rates, this time in a
printed book.^ Another book, which has not been found, is said
to have been printed in London in isjo.'* Both of thee were in all
probability substantially the book of 1507,* newly corrected and
arranged under the twofold division of imports and exports.

Queen Mary's book of rates was announced on 28 May, 1558 *
and arrived in Bristol on 8 July.^ It was received by the officials
of this port as a book of ** newe Rates,** which indeed is indicated
by the government's statement that after inquiry into ** the

* See below, App. C, pp. 694 f,

* MS., R. 0., State Papers, Hen. VIII, cxiii, fols. 12^140.

* " The rates of the custome house bothe inwarde and outward the dyfference of
measures and weyghts and other commodities very necessarye for all marchantes to
knowe newly correctyd arid impryiited. An* M D xlv." " ImpryTited at London by
me Rkhardc Kelc/* etc, Bodleian. 8* C 23 Jur.

* See Watt's BiMio{f$t:ca Briiannkd, i, p. 5,^2 c. The title is *' The Rates of the
Custom House, both inward and outward, newly corrected-" London» 1550, 8vo,
printed by Nicholas HylL Cf. ibid., iii, s, v, " Custom-House " (iSSo) and iv» s. ».
*' Rates "(rssi).

* A commission appointed 25 March, 1551-52 (6 Ed. VI) reported that the cur-
rent book of rates was made 15 July, 23 Hen* VII (1507). The meaning of this
probably is that the rates or valuations in use were made at this time, not the books
actually in use. MS., Br. M., Add.^ 30198, fol. 43.

« MS,, Br, M., Lansd,, 3, No, 70 (4 and 5 Philip and Mary),
' MS., R. O,, '* Bristoll Contrarotulament\ *' unclassified (4 and 5 Philip and
Mary).

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF TEE CUSTOMS 1 25

pryses and values of all maimer of goodds and merchandizes
liable to the pa>Tnente of the saide Subsidie or pondage/' it had
the ** reasonable and indiferente values and prises " set down in a
book of rates of twenty-six leaves.^

A search for this book was long unavailing, and not much
wonder because what may prove to be the sole survi\^ng copy is
erroneously catalogued in the British Museum as a Table of
Custom's Duties temp. Hen. VIII .^ The tooling on the binding ol
the book may perhaps point to the reign of Henry VIII, but the
internal evidence indicates a later date. The valuations in the
list resemble those that came later, rather than those of 1507 or
154s, both of which are much lower. This effectively places
it after 1552, in which year it was said that the rates of 1507
were still in force. Our document might be later than 1558 but
there is no indication of another book of rates for some time
after tJbis.

Although there had probably been some changes in the rates
between 1507 and 1558, certainly some additions, nevertheless
Queen Mary's was the first general revision made, a revision
upward to keep pace with the rise of prices. The following table
indicates the increase in the price of a few commodities selected

at random.

Customs Valuations

Articles 1545 tiS%

£ a. d. £ ft. d.

Dansk leather, the doz o 16 8 o 20 o

Fustian Naples» the piece o 10 o i 10 o

Grain of Seville, the lb o i o o 3 o

Herring, red, the M 4 o o 8 o o

Millstone i o o 2 o o

The book of rates of 1558 was the first of a group, other mem-
bers of which were issued in 1583* and 1590.* The average valu-
ation in this group is perhaps 75 per cent higher than the average
of the earlier group. The average of the books of rates of 1604 *

* MS.^ Br. M,, Lansd., 3» No. 70 (4 and 5 Philip and Mary),

* MS.| Br, M., Add., 25097. The copy is imperfect» some of the leaves being

' Bodleian, Douce, C 70.

* Br. M., C 40 b, 2g.

* MS., R. O., K. R, Customs, 173/3 (^6 Nov,, 3 Jac. I).

126

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

and 1610 ' is about 100 per cent higher than the average of the
late Tudor group.

At the Customs House in London a great number of later
books of rates are preserved, apparently twelve for the seven-
teenth century alone, and many more for the period following.

Generally speaking it is true, as has been said, that a book of
rates was a book of valuations, but there is an important excep-
tion to be made for one commodity, cloth. In the book of rates of
1558 cloth was put Aowa as subject to a specific doty of so much
per piece. This was the well-known imposition of Queen Mary.
But while this was the only instance of an avowed specific duty,
the system of official valuations on other e55)orts and on imports
in effect converted the older ad valorem duties to a specific basis.
For example, wax exported by dem^ens had long been subject to
a duty of 1 2 d. per £, or to a 5 per cent ad valorem duty, reckoning
the value at the time and place of exportation. According to the
book of rates of 1507 a hundred pounds of wax were to be valued
at 40 s.,^ making the duty equivalent to a specific rate of 2 s. per
hundred pounds.

The first book of rates did not include all articles subject to an
ad valorem duty. The scope was widened in subsequent issues.
Late in Elizabeth's reign, eighteen dutiable articles were outside
the book of rates, and in 1604, some goods, such as diamonds and
other jewels, were declared unsuitable for such valuation. In
1685, whenever goods were unrated, the merchant was required
to take the ^'Oalh ad valorem^^^^ as indeed was the case in 1787, if
there were any goods not included among the specific rates.*

Occupying a place of great prominence in the book of rates was
cloth, which not only was given a specific rate but was worked out
on the basis of equivalents, the standard being the broad cloth or
the short white cloth of assize. A piece of Bridgewater paid
custom as half a short white cloth, and a Tavistock as one sixth.*

* London Customs House, Labelled " 161 1."
' See beiow, App. C, p. 705.

' MS., Stockton Customs House, Book of Inslrucium, Stockton, 1675-1714.

* 27 Geo. Ill, ch. 13, 5 17' The Siaiuks ttt Large, vol. 17S6-S9, pp. 263-264.
' See the books of rates of 1545, 1583, and 1604,

ECONOMIC BtSTORY OF THE CUSTOifS

127

This had been the practice at an early date/ apparently made
general in 1536.*

In addition to the official valuations of a large number of
articles of foreign trade and the specific cloth duties, the books of
rates contained other matters, such as tables of weights and meas-
ures, the gauge of wine, and other information useful to mer-
chants and officials. This additional matter became in the Stuart
period a more important element. Some of the books, indeed,
were largely given over to general instructions, commercial
statutes, and orders at the time in force.

Various motives may be assigned for the issue of the books of
rates* Unfortunately the preamble to the rates of 1507 states no
reason. In the absence of any marked increase in ratings during
the period 1507-58, we must look elsewhere than to a rise in
prices for an explanation. From the first there was probably a
strong desire to check fraud and collusion between customs
officials and merchants.^ The earlier books ^ at least from the
year 1536 onward, represent the desire of the govTmment for
order and national uniformity in the collection of the customs.

The second group of the books of rates, beginning with that of
1558, has been explained as due to the loss of the Calais duties
and the necessity of obtaimng compensation by an increase in
revenue from the customs in England.* Queen Mary's book of
rates was issued a few montlis after the fall of Calais, but it is
highly unlikely that the new rates were to compensate any loss of
revenue from the Calais customs. There was no additional
revenue from duties levied at Calais. Staple commodities paid
customs and subsidy when exported from England to Calais but

* MS., R. O., K. R. Ctistoms, 96/57 (8 Nov., 1456). A Hanse merchant exported
from Lynn 8 straights making 2 dolhs, custom 2 s. Cf. also, ibid., 53/17 (ii-22
Hen. VIT).

* MS., R. C, State Papers, Hen. VIII, cxiii, fols, 139-140. ** Concemyng the
makyng of wollen cloths and how many of every sort siialbe alotiyd for a doth."
Cf. ako the books of rates of 1583 and 1604.

» See ms., R. O., State Papers, Hen. VUI, cxiii, fob. 129 f- (1536); Br. M,,
Titus Bi, 148 b (1535).

* Gilbert, A Treatise on the Court of Exckequery p. 225; Do well ^ A History of
Taxation and Taxes in England, i, p. 165; Cunningham, The Growth ûf English
Industry and Commerce, i, p. 550.

128 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

none when exported from Calais/ and the local tolls and minor
charges there were insufficient to meet the expenses of maintain*
ing the military establishment. When the place fell^ there was no
fiscal loss, but on the contrary relief from the constant drain of
Calais deficits.'

It is not necessary to have recourse to such a post hue ergo
propter hoc argument as the fall of Calais to explain the new depar*
ture in customs policy marked by Mary's book of rates. The
documents themselves indicate the causes for the change. The
arrangement of the previous books had been bad,^ and tJiey had
omitted some articles of trade which at a later period were
included, such as com of all kinds/ haberdashery , and upholstery
wares.^ The rise of prices increased the expenditure of the
government and at the same time pointed the way to a greater
revenue- The commission of 1552 had recommended a new
book of rates with higher valuations as the best way out of the
difficulty.^

I MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 166/8; L. T. R., Foreign Accounts» i Ric. Ill,
No, 17; Br. M., Add., 3019S, foL 38.

* For the period 4-6 Ed, VI the ordinary expenses of Calais were £9873 4 s, id.,
the income from all sources £4586 12 s. 7id,, and the deficit £5286 1 1 s. 6id, MS,^
Br, M., Add., 30198, fob, 38, 39, Cf. also, Jcnckes, The Stapk of England, pp.
19-21. • See the prefaces to the books of rates of 1583 and 1590,

* Cf. the books of 1545, 1558, and 1583,
» MS., Br. M., Add,, 301^. fol. 43 (6 Ed. VI),

* This commission had a list drawn up of the customs valuations and the current
market prices of a number of articles (same reference as above).

Article» VdtiaticKB Market Price

£ a. d, £ t. d. _

Canvaj at Norniandy, per CelJs *tio o 3 o o

Cloth, HolLitid, per piece ., on o i 6 o

FustiflD. per bailc ,.,...,,.,,...,, »10 00 as o o

Iron, per ton *a o o a6 o o

Madder, per bide *a 10 o 6 o o

Oil, per tun ..,,,...,,,,,. ^4 o o jo o o

Saneoct of Florence ,...,,..., •s o o I

to o p

Say. per piece ...-,.,,..,.,.-.... ..*..... c jo o 150

Sflk^peryBird .... ....,, o 7 û 1 o o

Thread, outemd I, per do«eii , *o 5 o o 16 o

Vcîvcta, out of grain, per yard ,..,».♦.. o 7 6 i o o

Waioftcottp per C .,. a 0 o B o o

Wonted, nuaetl, htiMd , , . , o xo o t xo o

Woratad, rusidl»" narrow e g 8 too

Tot*] , n iB « t*'^ '^ °«

t 114 17 Û

* The vahi&tlos d 1507«

I
I

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

1 29

The study of this subject of the book of rates and of customs
valuations in general is indispensable to a proper understanding
of the customs documents. When carefully used these official
valuations are of service to the historian of prices. To those
interested in the administrative side of the customs, the book of
rates is of interest as a virtual return to specific rates, though in a
roundabout way.

The book of rates, with its early history centering around Lon-
don, points to the developing eminence of the metropolis. The
later extension to the whole nation not only shows the influence
of the metropolis in national affairs, closely paralleled by the com
trade policy of the Tudor and Stuart periods, but the growth of
the function of national economic regulation. The book of rates
later became an instrument in the national policy of developing
the economic resources of the people in accordance with mercan-
tilist principles. In 1558 it was a tool in the hands of the sovereign
which might be used to increase the customs revenue, accordingly
playing its part in the preparation for the later constitutional
struggles. Originally an administrative device, it came to be
connected with many features of the economic and political life of
the English people.

23. Principles of customs taxation. By principles we do not, of
course, mean formulae which were carefully drawn up, frequently
repeated, and widely accepted, but the beliefs held by officials
and social classes, which constituted the basis of action.

As in the study of other phases of the customs, so in this we
must begin with the local system. The very first principle of that
sjrstem was that taxes should be collected on goods entering or
lea\ing the town, regardless of the original source or the ulti-
mate destination of the goods. No preference was given to
domestic trade. Indeed occasionally one town gave more favor-
able rates to export than to domestic trade, as in the case of
herring and mackerel, sent apparently from Ipswich, which
when going to the Thames were to pay much more than when
going to France J

See bdow, { 3, pp, 161, 162.

130 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

The principle of exceptions was only second to the principle of
the taxation of local trade as such. Privileged persons and the
whole body of burgesses of other towns, foreign ' or domestic^ might
be exempt.^ Exceptions were made, too, for goods not really mer-
chandise. In r 228 at Torksey, goods for use and not for sale were
exempt, as also were goods that had been kept for a year and a
day*' Thus it was not goods for use, or movables as such, but
articles of trade, that were taxed, A resident of Stamford was
said to have been " unjustly " taxed when he took com out of the
town to use as seed for sowing his land,* In 1303 at Berwick no
one bu>ing pots and pans for preparing his own food paid any
custom.* Something like the canonist doctrine of profits is found
in the regulation of the same town, that if a freeman of the town
sells nothing, or buys nothing to sell for gain, which is w^orth as
much as 12 d,, he pays no custom on his ship; but if he buys to
sell for gain beyond the cost of his food, he shall give 12 d. for his
ship."

Although ordinarily there was no great difference between the
rates on goods entering or leaving the town, there was a preference
in rates in the case of certain goods brought into Berwick in 1303,
as the following table indicates.^

Rates of Local Customs, Berwick, 1303

Goods Rate (Mitwurds lUte inwirdi

d. d.

Alum, carta é...^.. 4 o

Brazil, 100 lbs '. , , . . 2 o

Coabi ton 4 o

Garlic, summa « * i o

Onions^ M ,«,......,.. | o

Wax, wey S o

Wine, tun , 4 4

Woad, frail.. , 35 22

In local customs there was a preference for specific rates, the
only exceptions to this probably being the payments in kind which
were in effect ad valaretn rates.

* See below, i 3, p. 159» * Cf. above, p. 25. ■ See below, } 3, pp. 155, 156.

* Roitdi Hundredorum^ i, p. 356a (3 Ed. I).
' See below, } 4, p. 166.

* Sec below, § 4. pp. 165-166. ^ See below, § 4, pp. 166 !.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF TBE CUSTOMS

131

In the national customs, as has been seen,^ there was a clear
distinction between foreign and domestic trade. While exceptions
were granted to towns in the case of the semi-national customs
and the national customs of 1203 and 1266, there were no such
grants in the period foUowuig 1275. The exemption of the Hanse
from payment of the cloth custom of 1347 stands practically
alone. There is probably not a single other example of like
importance.^

The early national customs ^ too, showed a preference for spe-
cific rates which are found in scavage, lastage, cornage, prise of
wines, the ancient custom of 1275, the wine custom of 1288, the
wool subsidies of 1294, 1322, and many following these years,
most of the new custom of 1303, the cloth custom of 1347, and the
subsidy of tunnage. The ad valorem rates are found in the customs
of 1203, 1266, part of the new custom of 1303, and the subsidy of
poundage. In the last two instances they were apphed where it
was not easy to fix specific rates. In the sixteenth century, how-
ever, as has been noted,^ the book of rates in effect changed
existing ad valorem into specific duties.

Unlike the local customs, the national did not discriminate
between goods for use and those for sale, except perhaps in favor
of some powerful and influential persons for definite amounts or
kinds of goods.

There was a significant failure to distinguish between export
and import rateSj which were the same in the case of the new cus-
tom of 1303, the cloth custom of 1347, and the subsidy of pound-
age. The nature of the trade limited the other customs to either
exports in the case of wool, w^oolfells, and hides, or imports in the
case of w^ine-

For one reason or other, aliens received special treatment in the
customs system. They were taxed in 1303 when it w*as inexpe-
dient to compel denizens to submit to similar taxes. The first
commodities on which aliens paid a higher rate than that paid by
denizens were wool, w^oolfells, and hides from 1303 onward. The
mutuum of 13 17 and the cloth custom of 1347 merely followed thtj;

^ See above, pp. 106-108. * See above, p. 126.

• For the exemption of Spanish merchants, see App. C, pp. 694 L

132

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

precedent, as did the double duty on exported tin and the addi-
tional subsidy on wool, woo Hells, and hides at a later date. In
153g proclamation was made to the effect that aliens should pay
no more customs and subsidies than denizens, except on wool.
This was of the nature of an experiment, for it was to last only
seven years.^ HTiatever the immediate results of the experiment
were, it failed on the whole, for the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries abundantly illustrate the continuance of the old time
discrimination.

The greatest principle in the semi -national and the national
customs from about the eleventh century, when they began, to the
year 1347 or 1350, when they were completed and consolidated, is
the one to which we pay least attention now, the enlarged area
of free trade. When England came to be a customs area, and later
England and Wales, a move was made which ultimately proved of
immense significance for economic development. As we have
seen,^ this was not something specially designed but a last resort;
there was no chance of utilizing the local system of taxation,
which had uses of its own upon which the crown could hardly
encroach.

In the English borough charters of the twelfth century» Ballard
tells us, there were at least forty towns exempt from toIK He
suggests as an explanation ** an enlightened commercial policy "
on the part of the English kings.' I should rather raise the ques-
tion whether these exemptions were not really shortsighted royal
concessions to rich towns, or places under the patronage of a
powerful lord, and in all cases the logical completion of an ex-
clusive and privileged order of things. The discovery of a really
national system with no exemptions and no infeudatian^and based
on a sharp distinction between local and foreign trade, was the
work of the period from about 1050 to 1275. It was not so
much a policy as the result of a lesson in the disintegrating
effect of economic localism,

* A Bibiiùgfdpky pf Rùyal Pr&clamatiôns of Ike Tudor and Siuari Sovereigns,
Bibîiotkeca Lindesiana, v, 1485-1714, j 178 (26 Feb., 1538^39)«

* Sec above, p. 107,
' The Engiisk Borough in the Twelfth Century ^ p. 15.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OP TBE CUSTOMS

133

We must apply the same line of reasoning to the whole terri-
tonal dominion of the English kings. England, Gascony, and
Ireland presented the same problems. If there had prevailed an
enlightened policy, these would all have been brought into one
customs union*

The ultimate incidence of taxes was not generally understood
in our period. These were the ** ignorant times " referred to by
Adam Smith,' or '* The Blank Period " of one of the latest writers.*
And yet there are certain facts that make us question these
extreme judgments. Wool, the chief export of England, of which
she had practically a monopoly in western Europe» was the first
commodity to be taxed under the later national system and
the first one from 1275 onward to bear three layers of export
duties, the ancient custom of 1275, the new custom of 1503^
and the subsidy on wool. Was it not understood that the burden
of this tax would fall upon aliens rather than upon Englishmen
and that it would not cause any appreciable diminution in de-
mand ? This is a policy that Germany has lately followed in the
case of potash, England in the case of coal, and Mexico ^ in the
case of oil.

Wine was a luxury for England then as now. Accordingly we
find it specially taxed from at least the twelfth century. It came
in time to bear three rates: comage, le\ded since the twelfth
century, prise or butlerage, and the subsidy of turmage.

In 1309 the new custom of 1303, with the exception of that part
on wool, woolfells, and hides, was suspended to see if the tax had
raised prices.* The exception for these commodities seems to
corroborate the view that the government understood the
monopoly character of this trade. The immediate motives for the
experiment may have been based upon political considerations,
but the recognition of the relation between prices and customs
duties on goods in general seems to be indisputable. It is doubt-
ful, however, whether there was anything more than a general
notion, because both export and import duties on general mer-

^ An Inquiry inlo the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nathns, n, p. 538.

* Jones, The Nature and First Principle of Taxation (1914), p. 56.

* In fonn a knd or tease tax ; in effect an export tax. * See above, p. 70.

134

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

chandise were withdrawn to accomplish the reduction of prices.
This would have been the result in the case of imports but the
contrary would have been true in the case of exports»

One noteworthy lack is found both in principle and in action :
there was no protection provided for in the customs system;
there was no mercantilist distinction between customs for revenue
and customs for protection. Exported mariufactured goods, such
as cloth, were taxed as high as imported goods in the custom of
1303. The export cloth custom of 1347 and that of Queen Mary
were said to have been imposed so as to make cloth bear as great
a burden of taxes as the raw wool of which it was made. Pound-
age rates were the same on manufactured goods as on raw
materials. There were no special rates for raw material imported,
though in the case of com there was a fifteenth-century exemption
from the poundage subsidy.

The tariff protection of English agriculture began at a compara-
tively late date with the law of 1663 which imposed high duties
on foreign com imported, and the laws of 1673 and 1689 which
set a bounty upon export.^

Most of the principles, found lacking in the customs, were
enunciated by a royal letter of 1610 * and of course many times
since. This letter of 1610, remarkable in many respects, gave
favorable treatment to goods imported for later exportation.
Nothing of this kind has been found in the medieval customs.

There was likewise no thought of facilitating trade by simplify-
ing the customs, which had grown up piece by piece like an old-
world town. Nor were there any definite ideas as to what the
limits of customs taxation should be.

Expediency was the dominant note in the medieval customs,
with here and there some notion of economic cause and effect.

24. Naiionnl regtdaiion. Hall put into his History a great deal
of information about commercial regulation, and At ton and
Holland made the customs system the peg upon which they hung

> Sec my Ewiution of the English Com Market^ pp. 251, 252. For protection of
English industries see Price, The English Patenh of Monopoly, pp. 10, loi. 113, 130.
* London Custom House, The Ratts of Merchandius^ pp. i i. (8 Jac. I).

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF TEE CUSTOMS

I3S

many eœnomîc and miscellaneous matters. There is ample prec-
edent, indeed, for an extended treatment of the economic side
of the customs. But what is most needed is an economic treat-
ment that brings out the relation of the customs system to the
larger facts of economic development. This can be done here
only in the briefest manner.

Although we find a great deal of information in these documents
about the way in which general Jaws and official policy, and even
trade itself, worked out in practice, we do not discover many
general trade regulations. To this there are s<:)me exceptions,
notably in the documents which brought the fifteenth of 1 203 and
the new custom of 1303 into existence.

The letter patent of 1203 is difficult to understand because of
the large parts of it now undecipherable. Its commercial clauses
may be briefly summarized. No one (sect. 21) w^as to export arms,
unless in the service of the king of England. No one (sect. 22)
was to be permitted to export any com or provisions, except by
license. Merchants of the lands of the king (sect. 3) might carry
goods coastwise, but it must be under security. All foreign mer-
chants (sect. 4) suspected of having traffic with Flanders or
France were simply expected to pay the fifteenth when exporting
goods from England ^ but w^hcn importing they were even required
to give pledges for the fulfillment of the king's regulations. The
meaning of this is probably that the merchants when exporting
were carefully scrutinized and their cargoes inspected, so that
there was but httle opportunity for them to act contrary to
orders, but when importing they might serve the enemy, either
by machinations with the king's enemies at home or by secret
practices in the coast trade later leading to exportation abroad.

The most difficult part of this assize has to do with the trade of
the merchants of France. They (sect, i) were to be permitted to
trade in England, apparently on the pa>Tnent of the fifteenth.
Something is said (sect. 2) about the merchandise which they
might export, but what it is, we do not know, except that certain
commodities (corn, wine, salt, wax, mr el gris, and werell) w^ere
exempt from the fifteenth. General regulations are at best am-
biguous and uncertain. Their actual working can be understood

136

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

only by a study of the particulars of accounts. One point, how-
ever, remains clear: the merchants of an enemy country were to
be allowed free access and safe passage to carry on their trade.
This should be read along with the clause of Magna Carta drawn
up only a few years later, to the effect that when war breaks out,
alien merchants in England are to be held until it is learned how
English merchants are treated abroad, and if the latter are well
treated, so shall aliens be in England.*

The wool trade of England was under special supervision.
There were not only the \igilant eyes of the officials at the sea-
ports, but the officials in every borough, market town, castle, and
city. No merchant (sects, ii and 12) was to transport wool from
the abbeys unless he had first procured a license, which, of course,
he was required to present when it was demanded by any of the
officials of the above places.

One of the very early regulations concerning money is found
in the clause (sect. 6) that the bailiffs were to seize false money
brought in by merchants.

A century later the Carta Mcrcaiaria was issued, part of which
has already been considered in the preceding chapter.* It not
only ushered in a new set of customs and contained many trade
regulations, like the document of 1203, but it, too, was born in the
storm and stress of war, though bearing no direct traces of it and
destined indeed to be permanent.

The main concern of the Carta Mercatoria for the economic his-
torian, apart from the new custom imposed, is the freedom of
trade, about which it has a good deal to say,' Schanz was in-
clined to correct Stubbs' conception of the bearing of the docu-
ment on this subject. Stubbs believed that the establishment of
the new custom contravened the Magna Carta* which had stipu-
lated that no *' evil tolls *' were to be imposed.^ The latter were
probably local tolls, in which case the pro\'ision would not apply.
Elsewhere, however, Stubbs indicated the larger bearing of our

* Section 41 of Magna Caria. Stubbs, Sded Charters, p. 301.

* See above, pp- 66 f .

* Engliscke HandclspoUHk gegen Ende des MUtelalters, i, p. i, n. 3,

* Constiiuiionai History of England, ii, p. 553.

* Magna Carta, § 41. Stubbs, Seltci Charters^ p. 301,

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

137

document upon free trade: it aimed at opening up the internal
trade of the realm to aliens.'

Merchants from all lands, when trading in England (sect. 2),
were to be under the special care of the king. To them the king
granted freedom of trade of two kinds: freedom from certain
local tolls, murage, pontage and pavage, and freedom from old-
time restrictions upon their buying and selling. Henceforth they
were to b€ permitted (sect, 3) to deal in large amounts with aliens
or denizens, but they were not to sell spices or mercery in small
quantities, a trade, of course, reserved for the privileged bur-
gesses of the towns. Foreign merchants (sect. 4) were to be free
to live in the towns but at the pleasure of their hosts, a qualifi-
cation which would easily leave open many a loophole of super-
vision and restraint. Once God's penny was given (sect. 5), a
bargain was beyond recall; meaning of course that no denizen
could withdraw from an agreement after this formality. In every
town there was to be fair weighing (sect, 11), the procedure for
which was definitely set down.

On his part the sovereign promised (sect, 7) to allow neither
his officials nor others to make purveyance from the merchant's
goods, unless the merchant had first been paid the market price
or otherwise satisfied.

Justice, which the alien found such difficulty in obtaining, was
to be secured in accordance with the following regulations. Dis-
putes concerning contracts (sect, 6) were to be tried according to
the uses of the fair or town. Justice was to be swift and in accord-
ance with the law merchant (sect. 8), Ofliicials delaying justice
(sect. 9) were to be punished. In all but criminal cases (sect. 10),
a foreign merchant was to be put under the inquisition of his own
countrymen; if not enough of them were present, then subjects
of the realm were to be added. As a further guarantee (sect. 12),
there was to be a justiciar of the merchants resident in London,
who, in case sheriffs and mayors (ailed to do justice, was to hear
pleas of debt without delay.

Eloquent in these regulations is the policy of the king to do
as much on behalf of the alien merchants as local opposition
' CûnsHtutûmûi History of Engtandf ii^ p. 164.

138

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

would permît. From this point of view the Carta Mercaioria was
a landmark in the struggle between the two forces, local and na-
tional/ a struggle that spread over the whole of the century,

25, National economy. So far we have observed developments
that are both economic and |X)liticaI in character. Among the
former are the rise of money economy as illustrated by the history
of the customs, the development of industry, local economy, and
interurban trade, and the dawn of the metropolitan dominance of
London, Among the political and administrative developments
we have seen the emergence of a stable and permanent customs
system, the creation of a corps of officials to control it, the evolu-
tion of a system of valuation of commodities, and the regulation
of trade.

These two lines of influence, the economic largely from below
and the political largely from above, culminated in two different
organizations, the former in metropolitan economy and the latter
in national economy. About metropolitan economy, I have
expressed some opinions elsewhere.'^ Here we may concentrate
upon national economy.

There are two widely accepted views, that national economy has
a purely economic as well as a political side and that it came into
existence in the most advanced European states in the sixteenth
century, A study of the customs system induces us to reconsider
both of these points. The purely economic side of national econ-
omy has to do with the national market, or intra-national trade,
in which not only do town and countryside exchange wares but
one towTi, specializing in the production of certain goods, supplies
the other towns and indeed the whole nation with its wares. In
other words intra-national trade, interurban trade, and national
economy are held to be synonymous. If this be so, then some-
thing like national economy must be discerned in the interurban
commerce described above, which the customs documents indi-
cate existed as early as 1303, This interurban commerce, how-
ever, is here taken to belong essentially and characteristically to
local, not to national economy.

* See also, below, J :8» pp. 106-107.

• The Evolution of fhe Engihk Corn Market, chs, iv, vii, viii.

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE CUSTOMS

139

The second consideration is the date when national economy
came into being. While in its purely economic development town
economy became metropolitan economy, in its politico-economic
development it became national economy. In other words, the
function of economic regulation exercised by the town was taken
over by the nation- The question to be raised in this connection
is simply one of time. It is a matter of common observation that
one economic stage shades imperceptibly into another. This being
so, we can hardly hope to fix a precise date for the decay of town
economy and the rise of national economy, but a study of the
customs bids us note the arbitrafiness of the sixteenth century as
the period accepted as the beginning of national economy. In the
history of the customs between about 1050 and 1303 we see the
establishment of a machinery of control, a system of collection,
and the extension of national influence over local affairs.

The scientist knows how to treasure exceptions, for these when
sufficiently numerous may overturn a long-accepted rule. Al-
though there is little likelihood of such a result in the present
linstance, still alongside of early national taxation and currency
and the early national regulation of weights, measures, and other
standards, we must place the English national customs system as
an anticipation of the more fully developed national economic
program for the regulation and control of economic activities.

CHAPTER IV

INTRODUCTION TO THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CUSTOMS

26. Documents of ifw customs. After students of history have
carefully studied original sources for a period of two centuries and
a half, it is unnecessary for any one to apologize for publishing
documentary material for general use. It does seem ad\dsable,
however, to say something about the customs documents that
have already been used, together with the general value and
especially the contents of those here published.

Hitherto historians of the customs and investigators of the
economic interests centering in them have made ample use of
documents of a general character, such as statutes, petitions to
parliament, close and patent rolls, and summary accounts of the
customs. In the following chapters are published customs
documents wholly or largely unknown to Haû, Dowell, Stubbs,
and Schanz when they wrote, and not used by Hale, the first to
write an impartial general treatise, or by Atton and Holland the
last to give us a general historyJ These documents are parikulars
of customs accounts extending chiefly from the late thirteenth to
the early sixteenth centu^>^ They contain the detailed records of
foreign trade as well as summaries. They contain information
about the exporter or importer, the amount, kind, and often the
value of the goods, the customs paid, the ship and master of the
ship, the date, and the port in question. Accordingly it may be
expected that these records will throw new light upon the well-
developed subject of the customs as an institution and the ahnost
undeveloped subject of the economic history of the customs. The
investigator of the wine and wool trades, the student of Italian
commercial relations and Hanseatic business connections, the
historian of weights and measures, and the philologist, may each
find in this book something of greater or less value for his own
particular work.

Ï See above, pp. 6-1 1^ below, p. 711.
140

INTRODUCTION TO THE DOCUMENTS

141

The chief sources for a study of local customs, with which we
must begin, are the general h*sts of rates due ^ and the accounts of
customs actually collected. The accounts of local customs are
hard to fmd^ except in the case of those which were at one time
or another in the hands of the king and which accordingly are
found recorded in the royal archives,*

For a study of the national customs we have an abundance of
material. The letters sent by the king to the customs officials or
to merchants, making app>ointments or assignments, or granting
privileges or exemptions, are for the most part enrolled as fines,
letters close or patent, and are also to be found stitched into the
customs accounts, or separately preserved by the authorities
concerned.

It is in the accounts of foreign trade, however» that we find
most material of value to students of economic history. These
may be seen in a general way in the following list:

Customs Accounts or Foreign Trade

I. ** Particulars " or details of accounts.
I. General:

{a) K, R,° Customs Accounts,* 1275-1565,

Collectors' accounts.

Controllers^ accounts.

Searchers' accounts.

Surveyors* accounts,
(b) K. R.« Port Books,* 1565-1799.

* See below, §§ 3, 4, 11. * See bebw, }} 5, q^ 10, 12, 13.
■ King's Remembrancer.

* See the manuscript Lists of the K- R. Customs Accounts kept in the Reading
Room of the Public Record Office, London,

* Port booksr instead of port rolls, were ysed in the fifteenth centur>'. On té
Nov., 1428, an order was issued for the prevention of customs frauds, to the effect
that parchment books were to be sent to local officials with the number of leaves
indicated thereon and having the exchequer seal attached- {Prûceeéings and Ordi-
nances of ike Privy Council of England^ ed. Nicolas, iii, p. 516.) Since this order
was not fully obscr\'ed» another one of like nature was issued in 1565 giving rise to
the present series known as Port Books, Thb series continued apparently till 1799
when an order, dated 14 March, put an end to the ejtpensive practice of sending to
the ports parchment books which were only partly used. This series of documents
together with that known loosely as " Coast Bonds/' officially recommended for

142

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

2, Special: K. R J Accounts.'

Bordeaux cystoras.
Butlers' accounts of wine.
Calais customs.
Irish customs.

IL Summary accounts.

1. Unen rolled:

2. Enrolled:

the view of account.

Pipe Rolls.

Customs Accounts, 1303-1605.

Although most of the documents are sufficiently described by
this analysis, a few words of explanation may be added. It is the
particulars of account on which special emphasis is placed in this
work as valuable sources of study hitherto ahnost wholly neg-
lected in favor of the summary accounts. The controller's partic-
ulars of account is a poor duplicate of the collector's which is, on
the other hand, of first-rate importance. The collector's account,
so frequently illustrated in the pages that follow, is made up
normally of three parts, the head, the body, and the summary or
foot of account. It is in the body of the account that we find the
items of foreign trade in all their detail.

The " view of account," visus compoii^ is frequently met with
in the series of Customs Accounts. It is usually a small piece of
parchment containing a statement of the total amount of customs
received by the collector, the amount taken out for his wages or
paid out on special assignment, and the total paid into the excheq-
uer, together with the sum still owing or the overplus of payment,
as the case might be,'

Most of the information contained in the " view of the ac-
count " is found in the Enrolled Customs Accounts, of which
there are twenty-nine rolls. This series, beginnmg with the

destnictioD in 189e, and in 1899 reported destroyed, owes ils preservation to
Hubert Hall and other members of the Royal Commission on Public Records
appointed in 1910 and reporting in 1912 and 1914. For further information see the
First Report of the Royal Commissum on Public Records ^ i, pt. ii, pp. 49-51*

* King's Remembrancer.

* See the Lists and Indexes, No. xxxv,

* Sec for example» MS,, R. 0,, K, R. Customs, 18/7 (Bristol) and 63/3 (Hull).

I
I

INTRODUCTION TO THE DOCUMENTS

143

new aistoin of 1303,' has been utilised by such scholars as
Hall, Schanz, Wylie, and Ramsay, all of whom have published
summaries.

It is perhaps a matter of regret that the customs returns, with
minor exceptions,^ were not enrolled upon the more complete
series of Pipe Rolls beginning earlier and continuing later than
the Enrolled Customs Accounts.

A totally different series of customs documents is made up of
customs warrants, using that word very loosely, which for
summary consideration may be analyzed as follows: *

Customs Wariïants *
I. Unenrolled.

1. Foreign trade.*

(a) Export: the cocket (1275 f.).*

(b) Import: the certificate of payment.

2. Coast trade-'

(a) Bond (with certificate of unladmg),

(b) Transire (without certificate of unlading).

See below, } 51 » pp. 264-266.
! • Sec below, { 21, pp. 321-222.
I • Sec below, App. D, p, 707,

• This analysis is practically the same as that made by Hale, De Portibus Maris,
pp. Î01-105.

* For the use of the word warrant as a receipt for customs paid on goods to be
exported or on goods imported» see Carta Mcrcatoria, below, p. 264,

'For accounts of the fee of 2 d. per cocket, see references indicated in the index to
this book under '* cocket.'* For the cockels on goods subject to petty custom and to
subsidy in 1545, flee Schanz, Engliscke HanddspolUik gtgm Ende des MUteioUcrs, ii,
§63. See below, { 23, pp. 224, 239, 244, Cf. aJso **pro cent empta ad cokettos,"
K, R. Accounts, 230/5 (Ireland, 1280-1 281),

' The cartiest certificates were probably on wine imported, granted after the
prise had been exacted. From 1303, the date of the imposition of the new custom,
the certificate was probably in common use,

FoOoi*ing is a certificate dated 19 July, 18 Ed. 11 (1324). Universis ballivis ct
custodlbus domini regis ad quos présentes pen-'enerint Ricardus de la Pole et Wil-
lelmus de Barton* coUectores nove custume in portu de Kyngestonb super HuUam
salutem. Noveritis quod Pertrus Mamisel pro decem doliis et duobus pipis vîni
Gerardus Cal\'et' pro decem doliis et una pipa viai carcatis in navi Gilbert! Stanpot*
vocaLa La Magdaleyn de Novo Castro super Tynam bene et fideliter solverunt nobis
novas cusCumas suas apud R>'ngestoniam super HuUam. £t ideo si per vos predict!
mercatores cum vinis prcdictis transitum feccxint luJlam molestiam vel alîquod

146

THE EARLY ENGUSU CUSTOMS

terial for a study of the changes in one place over a long period of
tinie, a liberal number of documents for the one port of Lynn has
been chosen.

27. Rules of iranscripiion udopki. To many the presentation of
documentary raw material may seem an easy matter. In reality
it is at times difficult and always tedious. This is particularly true
of medieval documents, because of imperfect records, abbre\dated
words, and the personal peculiarities of the scribes. To most of
us it would prove easier to write a digested treatise because only
those points that are understood or more or less readily worked
out are utilized, the others being left untouched. Every difficulty
large or small, however, has to be met by the editor of documents;
and the number of such difficulties is legion.

In the main there were two tasks connected with the editing of
the customs documents. The first in importance and difficulty
was the transcription of the documents themselves; the second
was the description of the documents in the brief introduction
attached to each. Prefixed to every document is the date ex-
pressed in modem equivalents. Regnal years have been reduced
to calendar years; the medieval calendar beginning 25 March has
been changed to the modern beginning i January. The time
covered by each document is indicated in the manuscript by the
first and the last day. It is stated that the document runs from a
certain day up to (usque ad) a certain other day, for example^
from Michaelmas to MichaelmasJ

In transcription the prime consideration is accuracy, with some
apparent qualification in favor of consistency, legibility, and
economy of space. Exact reproduction, even of a photographic
character, is ob\'iously the ideal, but practical considerations,
such as legibility and expense, make this impossible in most cases.
The sacrifice of exactness has been here reduced to a minimum.

* Normally an account so dated would run from 29 Sept. to a8 Sept., the last day
not bting counted. Occasionally the first and last daj-s, however, are both accounted
for, in which case the fact is ordinarily expHcitly stated. Sec beîow, § 7, p. 174. Cf,
K. R. Customs, 6g/i (35 Ed, I). In one account, K. R. Customs, 136/27 (16-17
Ed. n) there arc three entries on 29 Sept., the day after the account would ordinarily
be closed.

I
I

INTRODUCTION TO THE DOCUMENTS

147

Errors in the original manuscript,' when important, have been
reproduced but when clearly only slips in copying have been
rectified. Marginal notes have been in most cases omitted
because they are usually of no value, except to help the eye
identify items. Annotations which actually provide additional
information, however, have been retained. The arrangement of
items and paragraphs has been recorded as found in the original,
except in a few cases, where for the sake of uniformity changes
have been made. These changes have been duly noted.

In some documents Latin, French, English, Oriental, and
Scandinavian words occur in such a way as to indicate that the
scribe made little or no distinction between them. As a rule, I
have sought uniformity by treating such words* as far as possible,
according to the usage of the chief language of the document,
when the occasion warranted.

Words italicized are found written in full in the manuscript.
In the ninety and nine cases, however^ words had to be extended.
At times this was not possible because there was no ending in the
language used. For example, the English word " worsted "
occurs without a Latin ending and has here been left as found.
In a few instances the abbreviations are unusual, that is, not often
met with in these or other English documents with which I am
acquainted^ such as m, b, for magnu barellis, as I interpret it.^
The use of s. for one sa4:cus and ss, for two sacci is at first puzzling.*
Occasionally it is impossible to be sure of the meaning of an ex-
pression, for example, whether pro Hi" in cas^ means *' for 305
pounds of cheese '' or ** for 303 cheeses." Certainly the word for
pounds (libre) is frequently omitted, as in the folio v^dng instance:
[pro] it barelUs cum ix° i qr, [libris] vasorum slanneorum* that is,
925 pounds of pewter vessel. This is indicated by other entries
which show that a barrel contained from 400 to 600 poimds of
the same commodity.'' Here and there one can only make a
guess, as in the expression plais rec\ which has been rendered

I > For example in J 7» below, p, 1 75, the figure 6300 is made the sum of 5000 and
1500. An examination of the custom paid fhows that the 6300 15 correct and tbere>
fore that one of the other amounts is wrong.

' See below, pp. 455, 501. * Below, p. 458.

' Below, pp. 603, n. i and 604, n. u * Below, p. 457.

148

TBB EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

plats rec[enl% or fresh pkiceJ Few abbreviations, however, are
more difficult than the following: ras^ for rosina, kU' for lakme,
and Hogg* for hoggeshede; and most of the abbreviations involve

only the addition of the inflexional endings.

Here and there we find inconsistencies, such as the use of lana
(wool) and avena (oats), sometimes in the singular and sometimes
in the plural

In all words, except names of places and persons, the u and the
t», which are ordinarily indicated by one character in the manu-
script, have been written in the form now accepted; e, g., nauis is
written navis. Although an effort has been made in the case of
names of persons and places to reproduce the exact original spell-
ing, this has not always been done with any feeling of certainty
of results, because, for example, it is often impossible to decide
whether a letter is u^ v, or n.

Owing to the lack of any standards in the use of capitals on the
part of the medieval scribes, the modem English rules have been
followed. No rules, however, could cover all cases, nor has it been
possible to be entirely consistent. For example, Spanish wool has
been written lana Hispannica while Easterling boards have been
written bordi sierling&rum. Worsted cloth is found in the docu-
ments written thus, pannus de Wûrst€d\ To transcribe this with
the capital would be to decide in favor of an unproven theory
that the cloth was named from the village of Worstead. Many
other similar cases have arisen* The best rule seems to be to
omit capitals in the case of such words, except when the connec*
tion between the commodity and the place of original manufacture
is immediate and unbroken.

Punctuation has been reduced to a minimum. In the absence
of any medieval uniiormity, the modern English practice has been
adopted.

While a large part of the task involved in editing these docu-
ments proved to be the extension of abbreviated words, still some
special abbreviations of medieval words of frequent occurrence
have been introduced here for the purpose of economizing space,
but only where there could be no possible misconception. For

1 Below, p. 510.

INTRODUCTION TO THE DOCUMENTS I49

example, pounds (libre) sterling, are written £, shillings (solidi)
s.y pence {denarii) d., halfpenny (pbolus) ob., farthing (quadrans)
q.y and mark {tnarca) mr.; similarly half (dimidius) ai., quarter
(guartus) qr., price {precium) pr., value {vahr) val., custom
(custuma) cust., subsidy (subsidium) sub., thousand (mUle) M,
and himdred (cefUutn) C. Ordinals are frequently written as
cardinals where there is no chance of misunderstanding, for
example, anno x^ (decimo) is written anno x.

PART II
DOCUMENTS WITH COMMENTS

CHAPTER V

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

The local customs or tolls of the towns were under local man-
agement and probably of local origin. At a comparatively late
date in their history, in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries,
they were much influenced by national control but in turn they
exerted considerable influence upon the formation of the national
customs system, in so far as they constituted the prototypes of
that system.

The local duties were imposed on local trade, that is on goods
entering or lea\dng the town precincts. This being the case,
there was ordinarily no distinction made between domestic and
foreign commerce. All dealers paid these does, except privileged
burgesses or others specially exempt.^

The terms ordinarily used for these local duties were teoloneum,
consueiudo, and cusiuma. This order of enumeration roughly
corresponded to the chronological order of their use,'

The documents here printed include both lists of rates and
accounts of tolls actually paid.

§ I. Th€ Billingsgate tolls of London ^ eleventh century.
These are probably the earliest extant customs duties of
London enumerated in detail. The goods listed are wood, cloth,
fish, wine, oil, pigs, pepper, gloves^ add (vinegar), fowl^ eggs,
cheese, and butter. It would appear from this list of commodities
that both foreign and local trades were included. And from the
reading of the document we should infer that the goods taxed
were chiefly commodities brought into the city. Now it is just
in this connection that the early mention of scavage or ostensio

' On the subject of local customsj see also above^ pp. 31-37,
' Sec HakewTjl's argument on the subject of impositions in 16 lo.
Collection of State Trials^ etc. (ed. Howell), ii, pp, 459-462,

A Complete

154 ^^^ EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

is of interest, for the scavage of a later date was the clearly defined
due on goods brought into London whether from abroad or from
a country district nearby. The customs duty paid on ships was
probably the sedes navis, or groundage due. Some of the customs
were to be paid in kind, in the case of wood, fish, fowl, and eggs.
The ** men of the emperor," besides paying toll, gave at Christmas
cloth, pepper, glo\Ts, and acid. From the fact that some of the
customs were due in kind, some in specie, we may infer that
London at least was in the transition from barter to money
economy. Besides the foreign merchant of Germany, Flanders,
Poitou, Normandy, France, Huy, Liege, or Nivelles, we find the
local trader called '" mango/* the fishmonger, and the smere-
mangeslre who sold fowl, eggs, cheese, and butter.

The \^'ords used here for customs are tdaneum, reciitudo, and
osiensio. The first seems from the context to be the general
town customs or custumu mlk levied as well on exports as on
imports; the second is used once in a general way for sedes nans;
and the third is the special duty on goods brought into the town,
the scavage, paid by the merchants of Huy, Liege, and Nivelles.

De institutes Lundonie et primum que porte obser\^abantur
Aldrctesgate et Cripelegate, id est portas illas observabaot
custodes.*

De telonio dando ad Bylyngesgate.

Ad Billingesgate si advenisset una na\icula, unus obolus
tolonei dabatur. Si major et haberet siglas, unus denarius.

Si adveniat ceol vel hulcus et ibi jaceat, quatuor denarii ad
teloneum.

De navi plena Ugnorum unum lignum ad teloneum.

In ebdomada pannum teloneum 3 diebus, die dominica et die
martis et die jo\is.

Qui ad pontem venisset cum bato, ubi piscis inesset, ipse
mango uoum obolum dabat in teloneum et de majori nave
unum denarium.

^ Hohlhaum, HansLsches Urkundenbudi, iii, } 599; also i, § 3. In the àrst
volume the date is given as the reign of Elhehned II, 978^1016; in the third tt h put
in the last third of the eleven Lh century.

TBE LOCAL CUSTOMS

»55

Homines de Rotomaga, qui veniebant cum vino vel craspice,
dabant rectitudinem sex solidorum de magna navi et vicesimum
frustum de ipso craspice.

Flandrenses et Pontejenses et Normannia et Francia mon-
strabant res suas et extolneabant

Hogge et Leodium et Nivella, qui per terras ibant, ostensionem
dabant et teloneum.

Et homines imperatoris, qui veniebant in navibus suis, bona-
rum legum digni tenebantur sicut et nos.

Prêter discarcatam lanam et dissutum unctum et très porcos
vivos licebat eis emere in naves suas, et non licebat eis alîquod
forceapum facere buruhmannis, et dare debebant telonium suum
et in sane to natali Domini duos grisengos pannos et un urn
bnmum et decern libras piperis et cirotecas quinque hominum et
duos caballinos tonellos aceto plenos et totidem in pascha; de
dosseris cum gallinis i gallina telon(eatur] et de uno dossero cum
ovis 5 ova teIon[eantur], si veniant ad mercatum; smereman-
gestre, qu[i] mangonant in caseo et butiro, 14 diebus ante natale
Domini unum denarium et septem diebus post natale unum
aiium.

§ 2. An inquisition skomng the system of local customs at
Torksey, 122S,

The inquisition states that to the lord of Torksey belonged
certain tolls, called ** thourthtoir' and " overthuerltoU" from
which the men of London, Lincoln, Nottingham, York, Beverley,
and Torksey were exempt. The rule was laid down that anyone
might have his goods exempt if he swore that they were not
merchandise or if he kept them a year and a dayj also that, if the
cargo of a ship paid duty, the ship itself was free. Something like
the Continental Strassenzwang was adumbrated in the regulation
that all goods coming up the Trent from Gainsborough and all
goods going down from Newark were to unload nowhere before
reaching Torksey,

De teoloneor '

Item dicunt quod ad dominum de Torkeseye pertinet thourth-
toir et overthuerttoir inter locos subscriptos videlicet a Hameldod
I MS., Br, M., Rot. Cott. ii> 14»

iS6

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

qui locus est inter Cleston' et Neuton* usque ad Surtherswath'
qui est inter Kînardeferi et Boterwik et in iocis subscriptis
videlicet Hameldod Neuton* Lagtherterton' Torkeseye ex parte
orientaii de Holdhagh' Graunge Marton' Lee More Stoketh'
Kinardeferi Surtherswath' Scotermore et inter omnibus lods
predictis. Set modo impediti sunt per abbatem de Wurgo
Sancti Petri apud Surswath* et Scotermore et apud Stoketh' per
homines de Notingham et apud Kinardferi per le Moubray, Et
debet recipere teoloneum in forma inferius subscripta.
London:

Item dicunt quod nullus de libertate Londonie Lincolnie
Notinghamie Eboraci Beuerlaci nee de Torkesaye teoloneum
dabunt [sic] domino de Torkesaye. Et omnes alii bona catalla
mercimonia habencia teoloneum dabunt in forma subscripta
videlicet quod si aliquis vult affidare quod non est ibi mercandia
vel vult affidare quod est in proposito et vult tenere suam emp-
cionem per unum annum et unum diem non debet dare teoloneum
nee per terram nee per aquam. Et sciendum est quod si bona
solvant teoloneum navis que tulit mercimoniam nihil debet
solvere. Et si bona in dicta nave libera sint et non solvant
teoloneum navis debet solvere si aliquod capit pro transvercione
vel pro servicio navis nisi navis sit de aliqua libertate predicta
sub hac forma:

Navis cum remo iiii d.

Navis sine remo u d.

Parvum batellum i d.

Et si bona in nave debent solvere teoloneum debent solvere
sub hac forma:

Unum lastum allecii dabit iiii d.

C de gretelenge iiii d.

c de milvel ii d.

C de cropling i d,

c de duro pisce ii d.

QuiUbet salmon ob.

QuodUbet quarterium bladi ob»

Unum fothenmi plumbi iiii d.

Unum seme fern ii d.

I
1

i sacca lani [sic]
Î doleum vmi
i doleum dxieris
Î fraiello de vaddo
i poke de alum
i pak mailede

Et focale stramen fenum fimum lapides carbones cadie chak id
est coopertura domorum turves et omnia talia consimilia non
debent dare teoloneum.

î miln post* iiii d.

Axis molendini ii d.

Mole molendini iiii d,

i gryndstone cum foramine iiii d.

et sine foramine ii d.

i clove de tasels ob,

Pondera meremiis del miln post' iiii d.

c gross borde iiii d.

c minute horde ii d.

Et si aliqua navis sit de libertate aliqua et aliquis qui non est
de libertate capit dictam navem per annum pro aliquo certo vel
ad quartum denarium tunc debet ille qui sic cepit navem dare
teoloneum pro nave in forma predicta. Et si aliquis de libertate
babeat bona in communi cum aliquo qui non est de libertate tunc
omnia bona predicta debent solvere et dare teoloneum. Et
sciendum est quod nulla bona nee mercimonia ponantur a nave
super terram quousque custummari coram ballivo utrum debent
dare teoloneum an non et quousque ballivus ilia vident. Et
similiter nulla bona veniencia per terram ad ponenda in aqua non
debent intrare in navem quousque custommari coram ballivo in
forma predicta. Et si aliquis aliquem navem ducit cum bonis
apud Torkesaye et ibi ponat bona ad terram et bona sint de liber-
tate navis solvat teoloneum suum. Et si navis capit novum
fraght' et capit bona in nave ad ducenda debet iterum solvere
teoloneum si bona sint de libertate.

Item dicunt quod nulla mercimonia nee bona aliqua veniencia
per aquam a Neuwerk versus boriam ponantur super terram
antequam veniant ad Torkesaye. Et etiam nulla bona nee

158

TSE EARLY ENGLÎSB CUSTOMS

mercîmonia vemencia a Gaynesburgh* versus austnim ponantur
ad terram antequam venîant ad Torkesaye. Et si feceriiit
ballivus de Torkesaye capit potestatem sectim et facit ducere
bona et mercîmonîa predîcta în navem tanquam toi asportatum
et retinere quousque satîsfecerît ballîvo et domino pro trans-
gressione praedicta. Et quod nulla bona ponantur super terram
nisi în certis locis sîcut plumba et meremium. Et quod plumbum
ponatur în tîro et meremium în hepes sine împedîmento alterius.
Et si nolunt facere ballivus debet hoc facere et capere costagîum
suum de bonis.

De teoloneo capiendo per terram :

Item dicunt quod modus percipîendi teoloneum per terram
talis est: îlli qoi transeunt Ourethwerte Neuton' Laghtterton*
ex parte orientali de Holdehagh' Mar ton' Lee More debent
solvere îbi teoloneum suum set illi qui transeunt a Neowerke
usque Gaynesburgh' vel retro per medium Torkesaye debent
solvere ibi teoloneum suum s[ive ?] churchtoir et illî etiam qui
transeunt ultra Trent apud Torkesaye debent ibi solvere teolo-
neum suum et in forma subscripta videlicet:

Quadriga carcata transeuncea per medium lîbertatîs vel ex
transverso libertatis cum bonis vel mercîmonîis cuiuscumque
fuerunt

Biga similiter carcata

i pak ad equum

i schort^ pak

Biga salis

Homo portans fardelum cum brestbrede

Et sine brestbred vel bos vel vacca

viîi oves

Equus deductus in manu

Si sit mutatus

Quilîbct puUanus în haraz

Porcus de duobus annis

Et infra iiii

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

159

i$. A list of local customs due in the port of Ipswich (/),

1303 {?y

The port was apparently Ipswich, or some other near the
mouth of the Thames, and the date probably as given above.
This document is noteworthy for its inclusive and discriminating
list of goods taxed, as well as for the differentiation between
coast trade and foreign trade. The general principle was stated
to be that customs should be due upon goods according to their
nature and make-up. Wares from Dantzig (Denske) were free
whether by count or by weight. This list of custom duties
should be compared with the contemporary Sandwich list written
in French and published by Boys,^ and also with the Latin docu-
ment of Fordwich printed by Woodruff.^

Naves passagientes quando applicafntes apud ] quilibet

homo nisi sit de franchisa ^ [ii d.*]

Judeus dabit [iiii d.*]

Navis portans [xx] * dolia [de vino] ^ vel plus dabit ad prisam
duo dolia pr. dolei xxs.

Item si portet xx dolia dabit duo dolia. Si novendecim vel
saltern decern dabit unum doleum. Si novem vel infra nichil
dabit.

Utensilia ad naves pertinencia;

Corda que vocatur cable iii d.

Corda que vocatur upteye Î d.

De centum bordis iiii d.

' ColU^iion for an History of Sandwich ^ pp. 435-440.

* See below, n, 4. CI. also N. Bacon, The An^naiîs of Ipswcht, pp. 66-67; A'lw/A
Report of She Roy ai Commission on Historical Mamiuripts., pt. i, p. 24$.

* Thfâ document (MS., R, 0,, K. R. Customs, 157/12) is attached to a royal
fetter of 22 March, 51 Edward I, giving official instructions to the collectors of the
custom newly granted to the KJng, the nova custuma, in the port of Ipswich : ad
prcstAcioiies ct cuUumas pre dictas de quîbuscumque merc^ndisis et bonis mer*
catarum predictomm ad villam de G>ppewyco ct ad singula loca abinde per cos-
tenrni maris usque capud aque Tamis ie versus mare usque capud aquc Tamisie
versus mare venientibus levandas colligendas et ad opus nmtrum recipiendas. This
association indicates that the document here printed appertains to the port of
Ipswich. Where the brackets occur in the text, the manuscnpt is torn.

* Supplied from the Fordwich list which is very similar. Cf. Woodruff, A Hisiofy
of the Town and Port of Fordwich, p. 34. See also MS., Br. M., Claud. D x, fol. 182 b,

* The Fordwich list has cc doth de weydc.

l6o THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Corda que vocatur seate

id.

Corda que vocatur nethrop

ob.

Garba alleanim

M ceparum i

id. set

f adenda est inde gratia

Lucellus de filo canabi

Rethe ad alledum capiendum

id.

Rethe ad makerellum

ob.

Navis empta

nichil

Ancora

id.

Hajrre

ob.

Pannus qui vocatur iteld

ob.

Pannus lineus ad velum

ob.

Centum ulne de canabo

mid.

Centiun minute tele

.... •
imd.

Pisa cepi

id.

Pisa uncti

id.

Pisa casei

id.

Pisa butiri

id.

Doleum butiri

• ••• J

mid.

De bacone

id.

Depema

ob.

Turmus ^ molarum

iiiid.

Lastus molarum manualium sive xl mole

.... J
imd.

Centum summe bladi

.... J
mid.

Granarium continens xxx summas bladi

iiiid.

Centum de balo

iiiid.

Centum de rumbo

iiiid.

Centum de salmone

iiiid.

Centum de mulvello si ematur

iiiid.

Centum ferri

iiiid.

M ferri de Hispannia sine gratia que datur vendentibus

iiiid.

Carectatum cum pisce

id.

Summarium cum pisce

ob.

Carectatum plumbi

iiiid.

M de stagno

iiiid.

Woodruff (A History of the Town and Port ofFordwich, p. 33) has " Turvus."

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS l6l

M de cupro

iiiid.

Saccus aluminis

ud.

Quintallus aluminis de pSukayn] ^

ob. cum gratia

Bala de bresil

iiiid.

Saccus amigdalarum

iid.

Saccus piperis

iid.

Saccus cymini

iid.

Saccus de anys

iid.

Saccus anete

iid.

Saccus liquiride

iid.

Saccus thuris

iid.

Saccus de glace

iid.

Saccus de ris

iid.

Saccus de cotim

iid.

Saccus de sulphure

iid.

Saccus filtxi cum vinculis

iiiid.

Sine vinculis

iid.

Saccus dndbri

iid.

Saccus de cadaz

iiiid.

Saccus de lake

iid.

Saccus pannorum ligatus

iiiid.

Item non ligatus

iid.

Saccus lane

iid.

Cophinus racemorum

id.

Cophinus sucre

iid.

Quintallus cere

• ••• «

mid.

Quintallus de foile

ud.

Quintallus vivi argenti

iiiid.

Quintallus vermilim

ud.

Unum vas de gyngebraz

id.

Pannus send

• ••• J

uud.

Libra send

id.

Libra crod

iiiid.

Lasta allecii versus Tamisiam

xd.

Item versus Frandam

• ••• J

mid.

* Bukayn is supplied from the Fordwich list. Cf. Woodruff, A History of the
Town and Port of Fordwich, p. 35.

l62 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

M de makerel versus Tamisiam

xd.

Versus partes transmarinas

•••• 1
imd.

Lasta coreorum

zld.

Coreum crudum

ob.

Coreum tannatiun

id.

Centum pellium ovium

iiiid.

M pellium agnorum

iiiid.

M pellium caprarum

iiiid.

M capriolorum

iiiid.

Duodena pellium vulpiiun

id.

M pellium catorum ignium

iiiid.

Duodena catorum silvagiorum

id.

Duodena de conis

id.

M pellium cuniculorum

• ••• J

mid.

M pellium squirellorum

•••• J
mid.

Pellis de sabelino

iiiid.

Pellis de martrino

•••• J
uud.

Duodena allute

iid.

Duodena de base)ai

id.

Saccus de simac

iid.

Duodena de lupardo

id.

De sacco cum sera

iiiid.

Sine sera

nichil

De bove

iid.

De asino

iid.

De porco

id.

De simea

di. mr.

Ballivus potest inde remittere et facere gratiam

De casula de sindone

iiiid.

Chef de sindone

ob.

De coopertorio

ob.

De qualibet nave custumera qualibet vice que venit de

partibus transmarinis ii d.

De navibus venientibus per costeram Anglie in quarterio

anni iid.

De quolibet masto vendendo ad magnam navem iiii d.

^^^BMBHi^H

■ «^^^^^^^^F

HII^ THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

163

1 De qualibet magna nave vendendo [sic]

iis.

1 De nave piscatoris vendita de quolibet remo

id.

De batella vendita

iid.

De peisa canabi

1 Garba fern de Colonia

ob.

■ De chescon sake corde utre les chiefs de avoir depeis

iiii d.

E nomeement de peyvre utre les iiii d. une palmée

et une

poynee.

E cy lem vent eyre ou peîvre a tail per cent del cent

im d.

De cJiescon tnissel corde
■ De trussel saunz corde

iiiid.

iid.

Si lui a chose de denz ke sa quite par poys u per conte come

cordewan dont la dozeyne deit quatre deners.

Peus de conis

ob.

m Forure de conis

m De chescon autre forure

ob.

■ De chescon daker de quir

ud.

De un quir

ob.

■ Nef ke meine pessun kele ad mesme prise quite de custume le ^_

pessun.

De quantke homme meine en tonel del tonel

iiiid. ^H

Sil ny eyt chose de Denske sa quite per conte od par poys. ^^

De la summe de auz

id. ^m

De M de oynons

De chescone peyse de chaunre

De drap de lange hors de sake

Et de lynge

De cent de canevas

iiiid. ^H

De cent de furmage

iiii d. ^H

De chescon estai ou kyl feit

De totes les marchandises ke vendues sunt en le havene dont ^^|

le vendur est paee si endevera custume solom ce ke la marchan* ^^|

dise est.

164

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

§ 4. A list of local customs due at Berwick-on-Tweed^ ly Novem^
her, IS03,

A iur>' of inquisition gave detailed information about the local
customs belonging to the king, at the time farmed at £40 a year*
The customs were ordinarily paid in money but in the case of
grain and salt might be paid in kind or in the specie equivalent.
From the phraseology, one would judge that the payment in
kind was the older or the more usual practice. One interesting
provision is that " No ship laden with salt shall unload into any
house but shall sell within the ship/* In this regulation we see
the town ideal of allowing everyone an opportunity to buy from
the importer, or as nearly fixst hand as possible, the object being
to keep prices down by the curbing of middleman activities and
to prevent any townsman from monopohzing the supply. Another
clause pro\ided for the payment of customs on goods owned by
partners, A recia cusiuma was recognized, Ravensere is said
to be the only port free from all customs due at Berwick. The
principle w^as laid down for the custom called sedes navis that
payment should be made roughly according to the profits earned
in trade. The amounts due on goods entering the port are seen
to differ from those due on leaving it, sometimes being greater,
sometimes less. It may be remarked incidentally, that^ while the
manuscript itself is in bad condition, the document has consider-
able palseographical value owing to the unusually large number
of w^ords written in full. So much of the document is ungram-
matical, however^ that no attempt has been made to indicate
the inaccuracies.

Anno regni Regis Edwardi fiUi Regis Henrici xxxi septimo
decimo die Novembris facta est hec inquisido apud Berewicum
super Twedam per personas infra scriptas ad hoc super Sancta
Euuangelia diligenter juratas,^ ... de rectis consuetudinibus
rerum venalium tam per mare quam per terram apud Berewicum
predictum. . . .

Qui jurati dicunt per eorum sacramentum prestitum quod
omnes consuetudines rerum venalium apud Berewicum veni-

> MS., R, O., K. R. Customs, 193/a.

TBE LOCAL CUSTOMS 16$

encium sunt in manu dominî regis et ad ipsum de jure pertinent
percîpiende ac coligende per manus ministronim ac receptorum
omnium exituum eîusdem ville per dominum regem ad hoc
spedaliter deputatonim.

Item dicuût quod mado valent dicte consuetudines ad firmam
dîmittendam quatragînta libras sterlingorum annuas quamm hec
particule sunt petendc et recipîende Wdelîcet:

Si aliqua navis applicaverit apud Berewicum plena f rumen to
et f rumen turn fuerît în sodetate una dabit duas hollas vel predum
sicut vendit et xii d. pro sede sua si na\îs fuerit de Anglîa sive
de partibus transmarinis. Si fuerit de Scoda dabit duas bollas
et quatuor denarios pro sede sua exceptis burgis regis eiusdem
regni. Si vero frumentum fuerit in duabus sodetatibus aut in
pluiibus în diversis granariis quelibet sodetas dabit duas bollas.

Si aliqua na\'is venerit carcata bladis fabîs vel pisis dabit de
meliori duas bollas et xii d, pro sede sua.

Si aliqua na\is venerit carcata frumento et sale dabit duas
bollas semper de eo qui carius vendidit et xii d. pro sede sua.

Si aliqua na\is venerit carcata sale dabit duas bollas vel
tantum pro qua vendit et iii s, pro quolibet granario si sint de
diversis socîetatibus. Nulla na\îs carcata sale discarcabit în
aliquam domum set vendat infra navem.

l Si aliqua na\is applicaverit carcata vînis oleo aut melle dabit
3di d. pro sede sua et pro quolibet tonello iiii d, ad introitum ville
ad exitum \îlle iiii d.

Si cardones fuerint în tonello dabunt ad exitum iiii d. et ad in-
troitum nichiL

Similiter si emat per milîarios dabit pro quolibet mîlîario
iiii d. secundum rectam custumam set de lioc non capiunt
bâlUvi immo alioquin i d, et ad plus ii d.

Si aliqua navis ancorata fuerit et vendiderit partem salis et
partem velit secum adducere versus Scociam seu Morauîam aut
alibi dabit pro qualibet sceldra ad exitum i d. et pro boUa nichil.

Si aliquis burgensis de Berewico vel aliqms aUus regnî qui sît
quietus de custuma frectaverit aliquam navem ad foregrîp
undecumque illa fuerit cum blado vino vel cum aliqua alia
mercatura usque ad Berewicum et ipse magister nichil vendiderit

i66

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

neque emerit ad vendendum in aucqa (?) quod valet xii d. ipse
magister nichil dabit pro sede sua. Si vero emerit quod valet
xii d. ad vendendum ad lucrum prêter cibuin suum dabit xii d.
pro sede sua.

Si aUqua navis carcata wayda applicaverit quofdjlibet fraellum
dabit ad introitum xxii d. ad exitum xxxv d.; qualibet mensura
waide contioentis di. quarterium dabit ob. ad exitum; quodlibet
fraellum quod maoserit in villa ultra festum Sancti Martini debet
decern et octo denarios de retro cau (?).

Allea et cepe nichil debent ad introitum.

Summa allearum scilicet xxiiii rathes debet ob. ad exitum,

Milliare ceparum debet ob. ad exitum.

Alummen nichil debet ad introitum ad exitum carta debet
iiii d, poca aluminis debet ii d. ad exitum.

Carta piperis debet ii d.

Similiter carta cymini debet iiii d. centum cymini debet ii d.

Brasillum ad introitum nichil dabit ad ejdtum centum debet
iid.

Cera nichil debet ad introitum ad exitum debet quelibet peysa
viii d. . . . per peisam si ponderata fuerit per petram debet
ob. di. petra ob.

Wayza sepi debet ob.

Bateria inde debet ad introitum . . . debet duodena patel-
lartun et caldronum fumicis debet ii d*

Si quis emerit un am pa tel km vel duas pro suo cibo faciendo
nichil debet inde similiter de ollis et caldronis bacinis et poscenetis
et patellis debent nichil ... ad introitum nichil debet ad exitum
debet iii d. videlicet pro quolibet quaternio i d.

Pelles lanose de sesena det centum iiii d. di. centum ii d.
Binda scilicet xxxii pelles i d.

Binda similiter de pellibus pellectis scilicet scherling* i d.

Item centum aliarum pellectarum que Anglice vocantur peltis
sine lana debet iii d.

Item timbra squirellorum debet ob.

Item Umbra de grosso opère ob. Qualibet pellis lucrina debet
ob.

Item c pellium agnorum debet it d.

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

167

Item centum de kydeskinnes debet ob.

Similiter pelles leporine centum iii d.

Similiter centum de rolambes debet i d. ob.

Dacra de kyde calves debet ob.

PeDes cervine debent eandem custumam quam lasta coreonim,
Lasta vero coreorum debet viii d. Di. lasta iiii d. Dacra i d. Di.
dacra ob.

Si quis emerit unum coreum pro se debet ob. et si fuerit
tannatum debet iiii d.

Item lasta lane debet viii d. Di. lasta iiii d. Saccus lane ii d.

Item i pisa [lane] i d.

Item viii petre [lane] i d. vii vi v iiii iii et ii petre debent
[ ob. et una petra ob.

Item pro uno equo i d.

Item pro i bove ob.

Item pro 1 vacca ob.

Item X mul tones vel agni i d, v vel quatuor ob.

Item decem porci i d, Quinque vel quatuor porci ob. unus
porcus q. Bacun ob.^ . , .

I Villa de Raueneshere est libera et quieta , . ,. ab omnibus
aliis consuetudinibus apud Berewicuni predictum et sic est
nulla alia de partibus Anglie sive de partibus transmarinis.
In cuius rei testimonium huic inquisicioni sigiila juratorum
predictorum sunt appensa.

85. An account of local customs collected in the port of Sandwich^
2Ç September — S December, 1304*

This ten weeks account shows the usual roujid of commodities,
such as corn, wine, honey, cinnamon, almonds, rice, cheese,
onions, and garlic; wax, wool, cotton, skins, canvas, thread,
leather, and quicksilver. Some examples of mercantile partner-
ship are found. Customs dues were credited for anchorage, for
sale on the market, and for passage through (de transverso),

^ The manuscript is badly defaced and torn from Litis point on. One interesting
item is as follows: Alîcda vera debent acquielare per milliare si per cqaum portct
• , , Item ix*^ viii^ i d,, vF d iiii*^ ob., ccc q. Si aliqua [navis] venerit carcata
pisce alleciis . , »

Item debet iiii d- pro scde sua. Si nichil vendiderit nichil det. Si vendidit ad
valenciam xii d. . . .

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Recepta custume de Sandwyco a festo Sancti Michaelis anno
regai Regis Edwardi lopdi usque ix diem Decembris.*

Die Mercurii in crastino Sancti Michaelis. De ankoragio iiii d.
De Willelmo Burser pro di. sacco lane i d. Summa v d*

Die Sabbati sequente. De costuma mcrcati i d. ob.

Summa i d, ob.

Die Martis sequente. De Johatme de Wytsand pro iii doliis
vini xii d. De Johanne de Castro pro vi quintallis vivi argenti
ii s. pro li balis basane \îii d. pro iiii saccis filade viii d. De
Willelmo Pilli pro xxiiii molaribus iiii s. De Petro de Tartan' pro
i pakett' canabi iiii d, Summa viii s. viii d.

Die Jouis proximo post festum Sancte Fidis Virginis. De
ankoragio iiii d. De Henrico de DarewelF pro vi doliis wode ii s.

Summa ii s. iiii d.

Die Veneris sequente. De Bartholomeo de Lenne pro
xxvii doliis vini ix s. De ankoragio iiii d* Summa ix s. iiii d.

Die Sabbati sequente. De custuma mercati i d, q. De Jacobo
de Wytsand pro viii doliis vini ii s, viii d. pro ii pisis butiri ii d.

Summa il s. xi d* q*

Die Dominica sequente. De transverso vî d. De Johanne de
Stinkerey et Johanne Frère socio suo pro iiii pak' xvi d. De
Radulfo Kethel pro x" ferri iii s. îiii d. pro i^ amigdolorum ii d.
De Ciistiano Ram pro viii pisis casei viii d. pro ix duodenis
caligarum ix d. Summa vi s. ix d.

Die Martis sequente. De Johanne de Brue pro Ixxii pipis vini
xii s. De Hugone Do de Dertemoutha pro v doliis \ini xx d. De
ankoragio ii d. Summa xiii s. x d.

Die Veneris sequente. De Petro Platyn de Wytsand pro vi
sumnais aO[îorum ?] vî d. De ankoragio vi d. Summa xii d.

Die Sabbati sequente. De custuma mercati i d. ob. De
ankoragio îiii d. De Johanne de Wytsand pro viii summîs
frumenti ii d. Summa vu d. ob-

Die Dominica in festo Sancti Luce Ewangelici. De Petro de
Perure pro vi doliis vini ii s. Summa ii s.

Die Martis sequente. De ankoragio iiiî d. De Hugone Do
de Dorthemoutha pro xx lucellis v d. Summa ix d.

1 MS,, R. 0., K. R. Customs, 134/14-

I
I

Die Mercurii sequente pro xlvii sunimis ordei xi d, ob, q, pro
3mi pétris canabi v d, ob. pro i panno tulde ob.

Summa xvîi d. ob. q.

Die Veneris sequente. De Willelmo Peris de Baiona pro vi
fraelUs ficorum vi d, pro vii doliis mellis et i dolio pinguis ii s.
\Tii d. pro i quintallo et di. cere vi d. pro vi saccis anis xii d. pro
i bala cep[arum ?] ii d. De Johanne de Pic pro xli fraellis ficorum
iii s. V d. De Willelmo de Buk' pro iiii saccis lane \dii d, pro i
bala panni iiii d. De Johanne Leffyn pro xiii doliis vini iiii s. iiii d.
De Martine de Bersele pro vi saccis cep[arum ?] xii d. pro ccc
peletriis i d. ob. Summa xiiii s. vui d, ob.

Die Sabbati sequente. De custmna mercati id. ob. De
Magistro Johanne de Wytsand pro v doliis vini xx d. De anko-
ragio ii d. Summa xxiii d. ob.

Die Martis in vigilia Apostolorum Simoms et Jude. De
ankoragio ii d. De Petro de Moukerk* pro ii quintallis et di.
cere x d. De Stephano de Wendele pro iiii saccis amigdalorum
et risi \iii d. Summa xx d.

Die Mercurii in festo Apostolorum Simonis et Jude. De
Johanne de Martre pro viii balis allutae et i bala basanae iii s*
De i sacco de cotun ii d. pro i bala croci iiii d. De Martino de
Horth* pro l pipis vini viii s, iiii d. De Pelegrino de la Gardage
pro xxiiii pannis ad vela xii d, pro \ii balis allute ii s. iiii d* pro
xiiii saccis amigdalorum ii s. iiii d. De Domyng' Johan pro xv
pipis vini ii s* vi d. De Johanne de Bygoyne pro i quintallo cere
îîîî d» Summa xx s. iiii d*

Die Jouis sequente. De Petro Geraud de Peras pro x\dii balis
allute vi s. pro xii dacris coriorum ii s, pro ii quintallis grane
viii d. De Johanne Froydecosine pro i bala panni iiii d. pro ii
sacds lane iiii d. De Thoma de Bonoy pro ii balis canabi \iii d.
pro xi pannis xi d. De Johanne de Fumys et Johanne socio suû
pro xxxix** fern xiii s. pro \iii sacds filade xvi d. pro vii quin-
tallis vivi argenti ii s, iiii d. pro ii quintallis grane viii d. pro
iii quintallis cere xii d. De Thoma Gauge pro xxxvii doliis wode
xii s. iiii d. De Johanne Stironn pro viii balis amigdalorum xvi d.
De Adam Selde pro xii ferl[ing'] salis iii d,

Summa xiiii s. ii d.

lyo

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Die Veneris sequente. De Galfrido Palmere pro ix lucellis
ii d. q. De Dyonisîo Bell' de Ipre pro ix doliis vînî iu s, pro iiii
saccis lane vîii d. pro ii ba[is allute viii d. pro i granario wode
iiii d. De Johanne Froydecosine pro ii saccis lane iiii d. pro vii
summis bladi i d. ob. q. pro iii balis canabi xii d. pro i bala panni
iiii d. Summa vi s. viii d.

Die Sabbati seqy ente. De custuma mercati i d. q. De Johaane
Leff>Ti pro xLx doliis \ini vi s. iiii d. Summa vi s. v d. q.

Die Lune proximo post festum Omnium Sanctonim. De
ankoragio \iâ. De Johanne Grippe pro iiii doliis vini xvi d. De
Henrico Fomeual pro vi doliis wode ii s. De Jacobo de Wytsand
pro viii doliis vini ii s. viii d. pro ii pisis butiri ii d. De Hogone Do
pro V doliis \dni xx d. De ankoragio ii d. Summa viii s, vi d.

Die Martis sequente. De Bernardo Busard pro xiii balis
panni iiii s. iiii d. De Johanne Placel pro xxiiii** cep|arum] xii d.
De Willelmo Byket pro iiii saccis lane viii d, pro i bala panni
iiii d. De Thoma Kock* pro xv pisis casei xv d. De Willelmo
Dawe pro vii pisis casei \'ii d. De Johanne le Whyte pro xxvi
summis bladi \i d. ob. De Simone de Fampilon* pro xii balis
allute iiii s. Summa xii s. viii d. ob.

Die Mercurii sequente. De Magistro Johanne de Wytsand
pro v doliis vini xx d. De Johanne de Borgo>Tie pro i quintallo
cere iiii d. De Michaele May pro vii saccis amigdalormn xiiii d.
De Berardo de Ros pro xxi saccis amigdalorum iii s. viii d. De
Petro de la Race pro x\i saccis cimini et risi u s. viii d. De
Gunsaluo de Radik^ pro iiii saccis risi \àii d. pro ii quintallis vivi
argent! viii d. De Laurentio de Bonhurt' pro iiii saccis amigda-
lorum viii d. De Ansado de Corensent pro ix doliis mellis vi s.
pro xxxLx fraelhs ficorum iii s, iii d. pro iii saccis amigdalorum
vi d- De Arnalton' de Frauda pro ix balis alute iii s. pro iiii
doliis mellis xvi d. pro xiiii saccis alume ii s. iiii d. pro iiii dacris
coriorum \dii d. De Remundo Maynard pro xii balis allute
iiii s. Summa xxxii s- vii d.

Ad hue de custuma de Sandwyco a festo Sancti Michaelis anno
regni Regis Edwardi xxxii usque [ ].

Die Jouis sequente scilicet proximo post festum Omnium
Sanctorum. De Martino de Berro pro iiii saccis filade viii d.

I
I

TBE LOCAL CUSTOMS

171

I
I

pro îî balls peletrie viîi d, pro i sacco lane ii d, pro vîi balis
basane ii s. iiii d. Surama iii s. x d.

Die Sabbati sequente. De Rogero de Foûte pro c saccis alume
xvi s, viii d. pro ii pipis grane iiii d, pro iiii doliis mellis xvi d. pro
xliiii saccis risi vii s, iiii d. pro xix saccis cotone iii s. ii d. pro xxix
dacris coriorum iiii s, x d. De custuma mercati 11 d. ob.

Summa xxiii s. x d. ob.

Die Lune proximo post festum Sancti Leonardi. De Menaldo
de Priuoret pro xxiiii" ferri viii s. De Peregrino de Francia pro
xlv*" ferri xv s. pro ix balis allute iii s. pro xvi saccis filacie
ii s. viii d, Summa xxviii s. viii d.

Die Martis sequente. De Ricardo de Tinnemoutha pro Ixiiii
ferl[ing] salis xvi d. pro m et di. ferri vi d, Summa xxii d.

Die Jouis proximo post festum Sancti Martini. De Isaak*
Lambert pro xvi lucellis iiii d. De Martino Johan pro i lasio et di.
allecii vi d. De Petro Geraud pro v" ferri xx d. De ankoragio
ii d. De Petro Geraud de Beausolers pro xxi saccis lane His-
pannice iii s. \i d. pro iii balis alute xii d* pro iiii saccis filacie
viii d, pro iiii pannis iiii d. De Johanne Peris de Lissebon* pro
iiii" cc peletrie xvii d. Summa ix s. vii d.

Die Sabbati sequente. De custuma mercati i d. ob. De Rigone
Salno pro m v^ peletrie vi d. Summa vii d. ob.

Die Lune in festo Sancti Edmundi Confessoris. De Johanne
Bron et Petro socio eius pro ccc baconibus xxv s. De Galfrido
Beauborgeys pro x lastis allecii iii s. iiii d. De ankoragio ii d-

Summa xx\îlî s. vî d.

Die Veneris proximo ante festum Sancti Clementis. De
Domyngo de Monte pro vi fraellis ficorum \\ d. De Moneto
Lupard pro xx" ferri vi s. viii d. pro Ii saccis liquiritie viii s. vi d.
pro xlii fraellis ficorum iii s, vi d. Summa xix s, ix d.

Die Sabbati sequente. De custuma mercati ii d. Summa ii d.

De Bernardo de Horth' pro diversis

Summa xx s.

De ankoragio ii s* Summa ii s.

post festum Sancti Clementis. De

Summa id. ob.

Die Martis sequente.
custumis XX s.

Die Veneris sequente.

Die Sabbati proximo
custuma mercati i d. ob.

Die Lune in festo Sancti Andrée Apostoli. De Matheo de

172

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Bark' pro ii lastis allecii viii d. De Johanne Foget' pro X3d
copulis ficonim iii s. vi d. De Johanne Bailey pro ix copuUs
ficonim xviii d. Summa v s. viii d.

Die Martis sequente. De Johanne de Camys pro ii copnlis
ficonim iiii d. De Petro Anys pro iii doliis mellis xii d. pro xii
pannis xii d. De ankoragio ii d, Smnma ii s, vi d.

Die Veneris sequente. De Bealcoge de Donkcrk^ pro x siunmis
bladi ii d. ob. pro î granario f rumen ti iiii d, pro iii pisis casei iii d.
De Johanne Pierr* pro vi copulis ficorum xii d. Summa xxii d. ob.

Die Sabbati sequente. De costuma mercatî ii d. ob. De
ankoragio xii d, Summa xiiii d. ob-

Die Lune sequente. De Dany Coco pro xx\^ summis bladi
vii d. De Petro Johan de Exue pro xvii summis bladi iiii d, q.
De ankoragio ii d. Summa xiii d. q.

Die Martis proximo post festum Sancti Nicholai Episcopi, De
Hugone de Exue pro xxiiii summis bladi vi d. De ankoragio ii d.
pro iii pisis casei iii d. De Roberto de Brug* pro iii saccis et
i poka lane vii d. De quod am Flemyng* pro diversis custumis
XX d. Summa iii s. ii d.

Die Mercurii sequente. De ankoragio vi d. Summa vi d.

Custume ^ de decem septimanis anni xxxiii,

§ 6, An account a/ quayage collected at Scarborough, July, 1321,
This account runs for a year, beginning 19 February, 132 1.
Only the entries of the twentieth and the twenty-first weeks,
howTver, are printed here» as t>T>ical of the whole. On 19 Febru-
ary, 13 19, a royal grant had been made to collect quayage for five
years from both natives and foreigners, the returns to be used
'* for the repairs of the quay of Scardeburgh." ^ This account,
therefore, covers the third year of that grant. The quayage for
the year amounts in all to £xxiii viii s. vii d.

Vicesima septimana:"

De Wiilelmo Tilleman de Aldeburgh*
De Rogero Ordyng*

mi d*
iiiid*

1 At the bottom of the skin £xvîi, xiii s, vii (?) d. ob., custuma de anno xwdi.
■ Calendar of Patent Rolls, Ed. II, 1517-1311, p. 318.
» MS.p R. 0., K. R. Customs, 154/3-

I
I

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

I73^^H

De Roberto Sefare de Alberwyk'

iuld. ^^1

De Henrico Cob de eadem

iiiid. ^^1

De Henrico Werward del Hope

^^1

De Petro Mariorye de Staples

De Johamie Symon de Orford

iiiid. ^^1

De Edmundo Ete del Scheld

iiiid. ^M

De Lucas Erel de Orford

mid. ^^H

De Johanne de Bloundeston' de Kyrkele

iiii d. ^^^1

De Johanne Aynard de Wynterton'

mi d. ^^H

De WOlelmo Aynard de eadem

iiiid, ^^1

De Ricardo Stryping' de eadem

iiii d. ^^1

De Roberto filio Thome de Flychenay

iiiid. ^^1

De Martino iilio Petri de eadem

iiitd. ^^1

De Godfrido Rycher de eadem

mi d* ^^H

De Willehno Actestone de Hecheàame

Simrnia vî s.

V d. probata ^H

Vîcesima prima septmana:

De Clays Clement de Dunkyrk'

iiiid. ^^W

De Petro Dyms de eadem

imd.

De Johanne Durre de eadem

iiiid-

De Johanne ad ecclesiam de Horaese

iiiid.

De Gilberto Standpot* de Castro

vi d.

De Thoma Henry de Shoreham

iiii d.

De Gilberto Hoprose de Flychenay

iiiid.

De Waltero Saeflray

vi d.

De Johanne Erne de Calays

mi d.

De Willelmo Deruer de Iser

mi d.

De Willelmo Skynner de Esteend

iiiid.

^ De Waltero filio Galfridi de Homese

iiiid.

^^m De Johanne Bou>ti de Saltecot'

iiii d.

^^^ De Thoma Wyseman dc Hechehame

viiid.

■ De Waltero Brekedisse

mi d.

H De Johanne Man del Schelde

iiii d.

I De Nicholao Knot de Grenewyche

vid.

1 De Henrico Curthose de Fynele

iiiid.

H De Hugone fiho Willelmi de CasteOo

viii d.

^^^ Summa vii s.

vi d. probaU

174

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

§ 7» An account of ike local customs of SautfmmpUm and
adjacent ports, 2ç September^ 1341 — 2q September^ 1342,

This account is written chiefly in Latin, very bad Latin indeed,
with French and English words interspersed. According to the
reading of the account the goods were brought into the town and
then carried out. The articles paying customs were wine, fish,
pitch, tar, woad, wood, skins, ashes, oil, and salt. Besides the
port of Southampton, we find Portsmouth and Redbridge, Lym-
ington, and Pennington included in the account.

Compotes Thome atte March' nuper maioris \alle Suthamp-
tonie et Ade Ineys balli\i eiusdem ville et collectons custume
spectantis ad eandem villam \'idelicet de exitibus et omnibus
aliis proficuis [de mercandisia] villam predictam et eius libertates
contingentes ac ad illam venient[e] et in eadem vendendja] et
inde abducia a festo sancti MichaeHs Archangeli anno regni Regis
Edwardi Tercii post conquestum quintodecimo incipiente usque
idem festum proximo sequens primo die et ultimo computatis,*

Idem reddit de xl s. de redditu assise in predicta \dlla Suth-
amptonie per tempus predictum. Summa xl s.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de viu*^ et xU tonellis vini
in dicta villa venienda [sic] et înde extra portum abducti pr.
toneUi iiii d. Summa £xiii x s. viii d.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de vi»* lastis de allecio m
dicta villa veniendo et inde extra portum abducto pr. laste v d.

Summa 1 5.

Item reddit compotum pro custtmia de iiii** xv barrellis de
pyk' in dicta villa venienda et înde extra portum abducta pr.
barrelU ii d. Summa xv s. x d.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de Ixx ii barrelUs de tarr*
iti dicta villa veniend* et mde extra portum abduct' pr. barrelli
ii d* Summa xii s.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de cclxxv tonellis de woda
in dicta villa venienda et inde extra portum abducta pr. tonelli
VÎ d. Summa £vi* xvii s, vi d.

1 MS., R. O.» K, R, Customs, 193/10.

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

Ï75

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de ii" petranim de wold'
in dicta villa veniend* et inde extra portum abduct' pr. petrae q,

Sumraa xli s. vîîi d.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de vi** ccc de pissîbus
videlicet v** de mulvellis et m d [sic] de congris in dicta villa
veniendis et inde extra portum abductis pr. le m xx d.

Suimna x s. vi d.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de ceci** de sclatis in
dicta villa veniendis et inde extra portum ducendis pr. le m q.

Summa vi s* iii d* q.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de iiii lastis des quyrs in
dicta villa veniend' et inde extra portum abduct' pr. le last'
viii s. iiii d, Summa xxxiii s. iiii d.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de xxx sarplaribus de
pellibus in dicta villa veniend' et inde extra portum abduct*
pr. le sarplar' iiii d. Summa x s.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de iiii" et x barrellis de
sendres in dicta villa veniend' et inde extra portum abduct'
pr. le barreir ii d. Summa xv s.

Item reddit compotum pro custuma de xx tonellis de oleo in
dicta villa veniendo et inde extra portum abducto pr, tonelli
iiii d. Summa vi s. viii d.

Summa £xxxii. ix s. v d. q.

Lemyngtonia cum Hameletto de Penytoniai

lidem computant receptas ibidem de custuma videlicet iiii**
quarteriis salis et iiii** doliis \ini et mmmdcc piscibus videlicet
MM de mulvellis et mdcc de congris pro quolibet quarterio salis q.
dolio [vini] iiii d. et c piscibus ii d. venientibus et inde eductis
cxvis. ii d.

Portesmuthe:

Idem computant receptas de custuma videlicet xxiiii lastis
aUedi et vi" pisdum videlicet v^ de mulvellis et m de congris pro
lasta allecii et c piscibus ut supra de Portesmutha xx s.

Ruddebryggia:

lidem computant receptas de custunaa videlicet cclvi quarteriis
salis de Rudbriggia v s, iiii d.

176

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Item de diversis amerciamentis in curia tenta ibidem per
totum annum supradictum xxix s. iii d. M

Summa totalis recepte £xli. ii d. q.

Et non reddit de custuma sive theoloneo contingente dc saccos
lane Matthei Canaceon et sodonim suomm de sodetate Leo-
pardorum a portu predicto educte hoc anno per breve regis
datum xîîiî die Februarii anno xv. ^

§ 8. An account a/ murage collected at Great Yarmouth^ j
August, 1342^2 August J ^343'

Only a small part of the whole account is printed here, that
covering the first two weeks. Murage, at the time when it comes
into view for close study, was a local due ordinarily granted to a
town by the king and intended for the building and upkeep of the
town walls.^

I
I

Muragium Magne Jernemuthie.*

Recepta ad opus muragii per manus Petri Cressy WiUelmi]
B[e]neyt Simonis de Halle et Thome Pinchoun coUectomm
et custodum muragii predict! a die Sabbato proximo post festxxm
Sancti Petri ad Vincula anno regni Regis Edwardi Terdi post
Conquestum sextodechno usque diem Sabbatum proximo post
dictum festum Sancti Petri anno legni dicti Domini Regis
Edwardi xvii.

De Johanne Browere de Dunkîrke pro navi sua vocata
Jacob vi d.

De Johanne de Bal ton' de Manître pro navi vocata La Margerie
de Manitre et pro bosco ad val. xx s., vîî d. ■

De Willelmo Body de Northflete pro navi vocata La Nicholas
vid.

De Willelmo Goldston de le Rarwe pro navi sua vocata Michel
et aliîs mercandisiis ad vaL £iii x s., ix d, ob,

De Hermanno de Hyndeiop pro navi sua vocata Feytenbergh'
et pro malis et meremio ad vaL £xlii et pro i fardeUo panni
iiii s. iiii d.

egis

* See above, pp. 23, 90.

« MS., Br. M., Add., 14981-6.

TBE LOCAL CUSTOMS

lyj

I
I

De Johaime Bimdich' de Erewelle pro navi vocata Marger*
et pro bosco ad val. xx s., vii d.

De Johaiine Bafilie de Manytre pro navi vocata La Garland et
pro cortice arbonim ad val. xx s., vii d.

De Ricardo Waluer de Haneword pro navi vocata Hagodai et
XX treis carbonum maiinomm xi d.

De Johanne Cobbe de Walflet pro navi vocata La Stede de
Hethe et vii quarteriis plumbi viii d.

De Thoma Botirman de Neweport pro navi vocata Blitheleuen
vi lastis et di. allecii iii weiis salis xxi d.

De Hugone Reye de Langgereflet pro navi vocata Rodecog* et
pro bosco ad vaL £ui» ix d.

De Johanne Hobelot de Trunlee pro navi sua vocata La
Nicliolas vi d.

De Johanne Chircheman pro navi Ricardi Chircheman vocata
La Peter et pro viii treis carbonum marinanim viii d.

De Ad Brangwayn pro na\T sua iiii lastis et di. allecii et îîî
weiis salis xvïi d.

Summa usque in diem Sabbatum in festo Sancti Laurentii
Martyris xiiii s. \i d. ob.

Recepta per manus Willelmi de Gerueston* servientis ix d.

De Johanne Mingo de Bruaham pro navi vocata Le Petir vi d.

De Ricardo Heylot de Strode pro navi vocata La Rose vi d.

Recepta per manus Willehni de Gerueston' servientis in
portu xi d.

Summa usque in diem Sabbatum in festo Sancti Bartholomei
ii s. viii d.

§ 9. An account of local cusioms collected in an unknown putt
{Sandwich ?)j wiihûui date.

General local customs, the duty on a " boat sold/* and the due
called sedes navis are here recorded. The port is not spedlied in
the document, or rather the fragment of document that remains,
but we may infer that the port was Sandwich. The presence of
merchants from Dieppe and Boulogne indicates a port on the
south-east coast. And the dues resemble those of Sandwich**
^ CoiDpare Si 12 and 13, pp. 194 f.

178 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

The period covered by the fragment is approximately seven
months, from about the first of October to the first week in May.
Judging from the handwriting we should say that this account
was compiled in the reign of one of the three Edwards. This
document should be compared with the one that follows.

Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Michaelis ^
Willelmus Tiffanie de Bydindenne de i trussello ad equimi

iid.
Radulphus Pannok de Stanford pro eodem ii d.

Petrus Denys de Witsond de di. c salis i d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Basinus de Witsond de iii quarteriis salis i d. ob.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Sunmia x d. ob.

Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

Johannes de Milleuilla de imo granario et hepo iii d.

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Robertus le Ruter de Witsond de di. c salis et quarterio

i d. ob.
Idem de sede navis ii d.

[Summa] viii d. ob.

Die Sabbati proximo ante festum Beati Luce Ewangelici

Willelmus le Engleis de Depe de una waga casei ii d.

Idem de viii summis allecii ii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Johannes Balas de Staples de c salis ii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Summa x d.
Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

Johannes le Verer de Depe de i waga casei ii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Idem de viii simimis allecii ii s.

Summa vi d.

^ MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 156/14. Distinguished by its excellent hand aod
its unusually good Latin.

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

179

Die Sabbati proximo ante festum Omnium Sanctorum

Johannes Horn de Bolonia de sede navis ii d,

Magister Willelmus de la Nesse de vii libris cum asseribus

vii d.
Thomas Wodegrom de Dertemude de sede navis ii d.

Wûlelmus Felippe de Tengemude de eodem ii d.

Summa xiii d.
Die Sabbati proximo sequent!

Hardman de Stauere de xii wagis casei et di. xxv d.

Idem de una dakera coreomm et di. iîî d.

Johannes le Faukener de Ludek' de iii wagis casei vi d.

De Amaldo Syward de Stauere de di. waga casei i d.

Idem de uno tnissello ad equum i d.

Summa iii s.
Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Leonardi

RaduUus le Estout de Depe de vii doleis vinî vii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Willelmus Linel de Treiport de sede navis ii d.

Summa xi d.
Die Sabbati proximo sequent!
Lucas de Exemude de sede navis ii d.

Robertus de Poundaudemer de viii doleis vini viii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Willelmus Martin de Condome de x et di. dakeris coreomm

xxid.

Summa ii s. ix d.

Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Edmundi Regis

Gerardus de Tolosia de ii balîs amigdalorum iiii d.

Johannes Steuene de eadem de ii trussellis ad equum iiii d.

Douingo Spirit de Baona de ii trussellis ad equum ini d.

Summa xii d.
Die Sabbati proximo sequent!
WOlelmus le Peyteuin de Amias de uno granario et hepo

iii d.
Idem de sede na\is ii d.

Martinus Joan de xii doleis vini xii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Summa xix d.

l8o THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Nicholai
Henriois le Furmag' de Oliuere de uno granario et hepo

lud.
Idem de sede navis ii d.

Summa v d.
Die Sabbati proximo sequenti
Willelmus Rale de Depe de sede navis ii d.

Andreas Wale de Tengemude pro eodem ii d.

Summa iiii d.

Die Sabbati proximo post festum Beati Thome Apostoli

Walter Drake de Depe de sede navis ii d.

De vexillis et stolis iiii d.

Martinus le Pleydur de Amias de ii granariis et hepo v d.

Idem de x** alledi empti per M v d.

Idem de imo batello empto i d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Smnma xix d.

Die Sabbati proximo post Nativitatem Domini
Willelmus Bronchon' de ii"* alledi i d.

Idem de uno batello empto i d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Adam de Albo Fossato de sede navis ii d.

Sunmia vi d.

Die Sabbati proximo post Cirouncisionem Domini

Johannes Wasse de Amias de uno granario et hepo iii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Idem de xvi doleis vini xvi d.

Galfridus Daunger de Donewic de v** alledi ii d. ob.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

Summa ii s. i d. ob.
Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

Adam Plot de Gememude de sede navis ii d.

Simon Austin de eadem pro eodem ii d.

Johannes Moribot de Berg de uno granario et hepo iii d.

Idem de sede navis ii d.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^«^?^^^^^^^^^^H

^^M

^V TEE LOCAL CUSTOMS

i8i H

■ Lucas filius Robert! de Donewico de sede

navis

^Ê

I Johannes le Coteler de Traypord de une

» granario et

hepo ^H

111 /i ^^^^^1

I Idem de sede navis

111 Vi* ^^^^H

Summa

xvi d, ^^Ê

Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Hyllarii

L Radulfus Makerel de Berg de uno granario et hepo

m d. ^^B

1 Idem de sede na\ns

■

P Willelmus Michel de Donwic de eodem

■

Summa

viid. H

Die Sabbati proximo sequent!

WiUehnus Radegod de sede navis

■

Martinus Bataille de Berg pro eodem

■

Johannes Kenteys de Waltham de uno

granario et

hepo ^H
lud. ^H

Idem de sede navis

P Hugonus Cotel de Abbeuille pro eodem

■

Summa

L ^H

Die Sabbati proximo post Purificationem Beate Marie

^^^^^1

Elias le Warde de Wîtsond de iiii" allecii

jjd. I

Idem de sede navis

■

Bartholomeus le Boleneys pro eodem

Idem de uno batello empto

Summa

viid. ^H

Die Sabbati proximo sequent!

Ancellus Bise de Bolonia de uno granario <

;t hepo

iii d. ^^1

Idem de sede navis

■

Johannes Belde de Bolonia de uno granario et hepo

Idem de sede navis

ud. ^H

Summa x d. ^H

Die Sabbati proximo post Cathedram Beatî Petri

■

Rogerus le Toreneys de îi balis alumpi

iiii d. ^H

Idem de sede navis

■

Elyas Dochin de Berewic de ii granariîs et

hepo

■

Idem de sede navis

■

Summa :

niid. ^H

1 82 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

Robertus Simon de Aderington' de uno c salis et dî. iîî d.

Idem de sede navis il d.

Hugonus Bise de Bolonia de uno granario et hepo iii d.

Idem de sede navis il d.

Summa x d.
Die Sabbati proximo post festimi Beati Mathie Apostoli

Hereman Thouel de Bolonia de sede navis iî d.

Johannes Prilli de eadem pro eodem îi d.

Johannes Pepy de Berewic de uno m alledi ob.

Idem de sede navis îî d.

Hubertus de Rue de uno granario et hepo iîî d.

Idem de sede navis îî d.

Boydînus le Rus de Bolonia de uno granario et hepo iîî d.

Idem de sede navis îî d.

Summa xvi d. ob.
Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

Willelmus de la More de Donewic de sede navis îi d.

Walterus Clement de eadem pro eodem îî d.

Robertus Seman de Orewelle pro eodem îî d.

Euerardus de eadem pro eodem îi d.

Idem de ix baconibus îîîî d. ob.

Hugonus Cotele de Somerton' de sede navis îi d.

Idem de uno quarterio uncti ob.

Smnma xv d.
Die Sabbati proximo post festimi Sancti Gregorii

Anne Rose de Witsond de uno grannario et hepo iîî d.

Idem de sede navis îi d.

Elias filius Johannis de Witsond pro eodem îî d.

Michael Bise de Bolonia de uno granario et hepo iîî d.

Idem de sede navis îî d.

Simon Bibbe de Sandgate pro eodem îî d.

Siunma xîîîî d.
Die Sabbati sequenti sdlicet in Vigilia Ramorum Palmarum

Vincencius Peres de Lessebone de îi tonellis unctî îi d.

Idem de iii quintallis amigdalorum vî d.

Saluadour Menis de iii tonellis imcti iîî d.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^^^^^i^^^^^^^^^nF^^i

^^^1

^^m THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

^s^^^H

■ Idem de xiiii balis amigdalomni

ii s. iiii d. ^^|

1 Idem de vi dakeris coreorum

xu d. ■

B* Item de iiii quintallis cere et dî.

ix d. ob. H

W Idem de sede na\is

îid. ■

umma vs

. ii d. ob. H

Die Sabbati proximo sequenti scilicet in Vigilia Pasche 1

Domingo Sueyz mercator de nave Sancti Spiritus de xiii ^^^

quintallis cere

s. ii d. ^^M

Item idem de v quintallis cepi

xd. ^B

Petrus Sueyz mercator de eadem de x

darkeris

coreoum 1

XX d. ^Ê

Item idem de vi quintallis cere

xiid. ^1

Item idem de v quintallis cepi

Item idem de uno tonello aceti

■

Item idem de x\*^ pellibus cuniculorum

vii d. ob. ^^M

Item idem de sede navis

iid J

Summa vii s.

iiii d. ob. ^^Ê

Die Sabbati proximo post Pascham

Petrus Poyz mercator de la Coruile de

xiiii balls

amigda- J

lanim et gram allemati

li s. iiii d. BH

Item idem de uno doleo segiminis

■

Item idem de v dakeris coreorum et di.

xid. ^M

Johannes Blanchard de Brabant de iîi 1

trossellis ad quad- ^^|

rigam

xiid. ^m

Item idem de sede navis

WiUelmus Renabute de Lim de sede navis

Bartholomeus lores de Bolonia de uno

granario

et hepo ^^M

Item idem de sede navis

Hugo Anglicus de Depe de sede navis

Summa

V s. iii d. ^H

Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

■

Johannes Scandau de Embeltonne de imo granario et hepo ^^|

iiid. ^H

H Item idem de sede na\is

H Alanus Anglicus de Embeuile de uno

granario

et hepo ^^M

fc_

md. ^^M

1 84 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Jacobus le Fumer de Amias de ii granariis et hepo v d.

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Ricardus Motel de Cadamo de vi quintallis fern vi d.

Johamies Carette de Bolonia de uno doleo vini i d.

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Johannes Courtnes de Bolonia de imo granario et hepo

md.

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Ricardus le Frix de Safford de uno granario et hepo iii d.

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Henricus Mansyppe de Saford de imo granario et hepo

md.

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Eustachius de Sandwigeuell' de imo pinnoc i d.

Simon le Fauther de Bolonia de sede navis ii d.

Siunma iii s. viii d.
Die Sabbati proximo ante festmn Beati Marthe Ewangeli

Weyte Bere de Witsond de sede navis ii d.

Alexander Hardi de Exeniude de sede navis ii d.

Rogerus Breming de la Pole de sede navis ii d.

Thomas Deuaunt de Strutard de sede navis ii d.

Robertus Hastang de Feschamp de sede navis ii d.

Laurencius le Rous de Cadamo de xviii dakeris coreorum

iiis.

Item idem de ii miliariis alleciis i d.

Item idem de sede navis ii d.

Item idem de vi doleis vini vi d.

Summa iiii s. vii d.
Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

Jacobus Dobrech de Bolonia de sede navis ii d.

Johannes Man de Gememutha de sede navis ii d.

Willelmus Happe de Witsond de sede navis ii d.

Simon de Cliue de la Nesse de sede navis ii d.

Summa viii d.
Die Sabbati proximo ante festum Apostolorum Phelippi et
Jacobi

TBE LOCAL CUSTOMS

185

Michael Bise de Bolonia de uno granario et hepo

Item idem de sede na\^s

Matheus Chocard de Depe de sede navîs

Petnis Mergal de Depe de sede navîs

Item de vexillo et stolla

iiid.

iid.

lid.

iid.
ill d.
Summa xu d.

Die Sabbati proximo sequenti

Thomas le Fen de Depe de sede navis
Andreas Tresteburg de Stmtard de sede navis
Jordanus le Waleys de Psheniile de sede navis
Walterus de Lenne de uno granario et hepo
Item idem de sede navis

iid.
iid.

ud,
iiid.
iid.
Summa xi d.
Summa [totalis] £lv iii s. iiii d. ob.

§ 10. An account of local customs colleckd in an unknown port
{Sandwich ?)^ wiUmul date.

On account of the resemblance that this document bears to the
one preceding (§ 9), we are probably right in assigning it to the
same port. That port seems to be Sandwich, This fragment of
account begins about the middle of May and closes after the
middle of August. The year in which the account was drawn up
is not stated. Easter, however, felJ on 9 April. This would limit
the possibilities practically to 1273, 1284^ 13 S 7? and 1368, The
probability is that the date is 1357 or 1368.

De custuraa ville.*

Die' [Sabbati proximo post festum] Sancti Johannis ante
Portam Latinam
De Thoma le Enfant de Ambianens* de uno granario et
hepo iii d*

Item de eodem de sede navis * ii d.

De Willelmo Russel de Ambianens' de uno granario et
hepo iii d.

Item de eodem de sede navis ii d.

' MS., R. 0., K. R. Cusloms, 124/16, Part of the heading is missmg.
' The date here is torn off.

■

^^B^ 1 86 TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

^^^^^H De WUJelmo Tapig' de Ambianens' de uno granario et |

^^^^H

iiid. ■

^^^^^H Item de eodem de sede navis

iid. 1

^^^^^H De Hugone le Flint de Sancto Omero de ii pannis integris |

^^^^^H venditis

ud. ■

^^^^^H De Waltero Wyling de la Scluse de sede na\4s

iid. I

^^^^H De Adam le Buteler de Saltcote de sede navis

iid. I

^^^^^m De Simone le Warde de Gratielinge de sede navis

iid. 1

^^^^H De Mowino le Hout de la Bagge de sede na\is

iid. 1

^^^^^B Summa ii s. i d. |

^^^^H Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Dunstani

^^^^^H De Johanne le Bel de Ambianens' de uno granario et

hepo ■
iiid. 1

iid. ■

^^^^H Item de eodem de sede na\às

^^^^^1 De Thoma le Wasteleis de uno granario et hepo

iii d. ^

^^^^H Item de eodem de sede navis

iid. ■

^^^^H De Pape Poyt de Berflet de sede navis

iid. 1

^^^^H De Anne Coc de Berflet pro eodem

iid. 1

^^^^H De Willelmo le Wyte de Gernemuta pro eodem

iid. 1

^^^^^H De Fese Launde de Calcis pro eodem

iid. 1

^^^^H Snmma xviii d. |

^^^^^H Die Sabbati proximo post feslum Sancti Augustini

^^^^^P De Geruasio le Fessoner de Bolonia de uno granario et

hepo ■

iud. 1

ud. ■

^^^^^^ Item de eodem de sede navis

^^^B De Galfrido Lude de Exemude pro eodem

iid.

^^^1 De Roberto Tote de Exemude pro eodem

ud.

^^^H De Clays Frese de Donncherk^ pro eodem

iid.

^^^1 De Martino Koc de Exemude pro eodem

iid.

^^H Summa

iciiid.

^^^H Die Sabbati in Vigilia Trinitatis

^^^H De Willelmo le Cruchere de Exemude de sede navis

iid.

^^^H De Eustachio atte Strode de Sidemude pro eodem

iid.

^^^B De Willelmo de Futeo de Sidemude pro eodem

iid.

^^^B De Galfrido Robelot de Lim pro eodem

iid.

^^H De Johanne Franc de Seînt Elene de iii quintaUis

cere

^^H vendite

vid.

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

187

Item de eodem de sede navis ii d.

De Henrico le Ganz de Embeltowe pro eodem îî d.

De Lune Langhere de Caleis pro eodem îî d.

De Johanne Léger de la Bagge pro eodem ii d.

De Anne Rose de la Bagge pro eodem ii d.

De Monekîn Hound de la Bagge pro eodem ii d.

De Copino de Berflet pro eodem ii d.

De Anne Asco de la Bagge pro eodem îî d.

De Johanne Jorge de Bolonia pro eodem ii d.

De Anne Bron de Berflet pro eodem ii d.

De Simone Alard de Caleis de uno granario et hepo iii d.
Item de eodem de sede navis ii d.

Summa iii s. iii d.
Die Sabbati proximo ante festum Beati Barnabe

De Firmino de Amias de duobus granariîs et hepo v d.

Item de eodem de sede na\is ii d.

De Domingo de Cacs mercatore na\as SancU Spiritus de

Baona de vii quintallis uncti xiiii d.

Item de eodem de sede na\ds ii d.

De Petro de Sancto Johanne mercatore navis Sancti Ste-

phani de Baona de iii ruellis ad trabem iii d.

Item de eodem de sede navis ii d.

De Ogero de Sau mercatore de eadem de xi quintallis ferri

xi d.
De Petro Johan mercatore de eadem de xiii quintallis ferri

xiii d.
De Gerard le Grom de eadem de iiii quintallis ferri iiii d.
De Bernardo de Baona de ii ruellis ad trabem ii d.

De Gerard de Salines de vi quintallis ferri vi d.

De Willelmo Tapig' de Amias de cccc scurretlorum i d.
De Thoma Tredegold de Cycestria de duobus granariis

et hepo V d.

Item de eodem de sede navis u d.

Sununa vi s.
Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Barnabe

De Bernardo le Pesson* de Bolonia de uno granario et

hepo iii d.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HR^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^^^^H

■

^^B^ l88 TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS 1

^^^1

^^^^^H Item de eodem de sede navis

ud. ■

^^^^^H De Bertmo Hamelin de Bolonia pro eodem

ud. ■

^^^^^H Ouero Herebert de Cadamo de uno granario et hepo

lud.

^^^^^H Item de eodem de sede navis

iid. _

^^^^^H De Weytmo de Lumbard pro eodem

iid. ■

^^^^^H De Henrico Graiint de Embeltowe pro eodem

iid. I

^^^^^H De Petro de Charlthon' de duobus granariis et hepo

vd. I

^^^^^H Item de eodem de sede navis

iid. ■

^^^^^H Stephano Godwine de Stodhude pro eodem

ud.

^^^^H De WUlehno Kenteis de Cicestria de uno granario et

hepo

iii d.

iid.

^^^^^^ Item de eodem de sede navis

^^^^^H Summa u

vid. 1

^^^^^B Die Sabbati proidmo sequente scilicet die Sancti Johannis |

^^^^H Baptiste

^^^^H De Petro atte Pine de Hormude de sede navis

ud. 1

^^^^H De Weyte Wytegode de Blankeberge pro eodem

iid.

^^^^H De Johanne Lottel de Medon' pro eodem

ii d. H
ud. ■

^^^^H De Nicholao Frenge de la Pole pro eodem

^^^^^B De Radulpho Eylard de Lim pro eodem

iid.

^^^^^ De Ingranno de Rue pro eodem

iid. ■
ud. ■

^^^1 De Petro Herdegrom de la Pole pro eodem

^^H De Henrico Pik de Pole pro eodem

ud.

^^^1 De Waltero Pitaunce de la Pole pro eodem

iid.

^^H De Boit Haspal de Caleîs pro eodem

ii d. m

^^^1 Summa

XX d. 1

^^H Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancti Johamiis Baptiste |

^^^1 De Nicholao Fesse de Depe de ii doleis vinî venditi

iid. ■

^^H Item de eodem de sede navis

iid. 1

^^^H De Petro Margarete de Embeltowe pro eodem

ii d. 1

^^H De Henrico Walke de Caleîs pro eodem

ud. 1

^^H Item de eodem de sede alterius navis

iid. ■

^^H De Andrea Wale de Tengemude pro eodem

iid.

^^H De Hugone Wake de Warham pro eodem

iid. ■

^^^1 De Weyte de Lumbardia pro eodem

iid. 1

^^^^L De Ingranno Mosket de Staples de uno granario tanni et |

^^^^F

iiid. ■

^^P THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

■

i89^^H

H Item de eodem de sede navis

Summa xxi d. ^^H

H Die Sabbad proximo post translationem Beati Thome Martyris ^^|

H De Mouy Stace de E ^ [de sede] navis

H De Johanne Gyles de la Bigge de sede navis

H De Wîlard filio Net de Berflet pro eodem

H De Godrich Stace de la Bagge pro eodem

H De Weyte Lamb de la Bagge pro eodem

H De Johamie Colin de Embeltowe pro eodem

H De Hanekîno Ned de Berflet pro eodem

Snmma

xiiii d. ^^H

H Die Sabbati proximo post translationem Beati Benedict! ^^|

H Abbatis

H De Myron' Arot de Croil de sede navis

jid. ^W

H De Johanne Oger de Lim pro eodem

iid. ■

H De Richero de la Bagge pro eodem

ud. ■

H De Johanne Brun de Caleis pro eodem

iid. ■

H De Johanne H^ de Lim pro eodem

H De Hamon^ M' de Berflet pro eodem

H De Hauino Sterke de Ber flet pro eodem

H De Willelmo Fleg de Lîmde ce salis et di.

vd. ^m

H Item de eodem de sede navis

iid. ^m

H De Willelmo Profit de Lim de iiî*^ salis

H Item de eodem de sede navis

H De Rogero Amoud de Salthous de ce et di. salis

vd. ^W

H Item de eodem de sede navis

ud. ^M

H De Adam Clement de Salthous de î*^ saMs

H Item de eodem de sede navis

Summa xl d. ^^|

1 Die Sabbati proximo post festum Sancte Margarete Virginis ^^|

H De Angol Bise de Bolonia de mio granario et

hepo

H Item de eodem de sede navis

H De WOlelmo Gileberd de Ambeydeuile de

i granario et ^^|

H hepo

iiid. J

H Item de eodem de sede navis

^fl

^^^^ > There b a Uc una in the account here.

■

^^^^^^ * The manuscript is blurred here.

I90 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Eustachîo Hanekin de Caleîs de sede navîs îî d.

De Andrea de Soroyle de Baona de sede navis îî d.

De Domîngon de Ludre de eadem de ii quîntallîs ferii

et dî. îî d. ob.

De Petro de Puteo de eadem de îiî quîntallîs ferrî îîî d.

Item de eodem de î panno vendîto î d.

D^ Petro Bertram mercatore de eadem de una pîpa acetî

îd.
De Amat de Racin mercatore de eadem de xî quîntallîs

ferrî xî d.

De Johanne Gyn mercatore de eadem de ce pellîbus scurel-

lorum ob.

Item de eodem de îî pannîs emptis îî d.

De Andrea de Panîpeloyne de îiî ruellîs ad trabem îîî d.
De Gartî de Panîpelo)aie de îî ruellîs ad trabem îî d.

Summa xl d.
Dîe Sabbatî proximo post festum Beati Jacobi Apostoli
De Simone Colekin^ de Lenna de c salis îî d.

Item de eodem de sede navis îî d.

Item de eodem de i trusselo panni venditi î d.

De Ricardo Bern de Lenna de uno trussello panni venditi

id.
Item de eodem de sede navis îî d.

De Henrico le Gaus de Plemude de c salis et dî. îiî d.

Item de eodem de sede navis îî d.

De Johanne Frychet de Depe pro eodem îî d.

De Elays de Campe pro eodem îî d.

De Johanne Caldecote de Depe de ii wagis casei îî d.

Item de eodem de sede navis ii d.

De Johanne Peita)ni de Depe pro eodem ii d.

De Willelmo Pice de Sidemude pro eodem îî d.

Siunma îî s. i d.
Die Sabbatî proximo post festum Beati Petri ad Vincula
De Johanne Longo de Tengemude de c et dî. salis îiî d.
Item de eodem de sede navis ii d.

^ The transcription from here on is unusually imœrtain especially in the case of
names of persons and towns.

^K THE LOCAL CUSTOMS

191 ^Ê

De Jacobo Ruben de Grauelînge pro eodem

De Henrico Seydm de Tengemude de ii doleîs vînï

Item de eodem de sede navis

■

De Henrico Rub de Tengemude pro eodem

■

De Roberto Tomao de Winchelesega pro eodem

■

De Petro de Sancto Marco pro eodem

■

De Alano Sylwyne de Gernemutha pro eodem

^Ê

De Willelrao le Fîssere de Gernemutha pro eodem

De Joharme Carete de Bolonia pro eodem

De Petro Tedding de Lim de ii pipis vendîtîs

■

Item de eodem de sede navis

Summa ii s

Die Sabbati proximo post festum Beati Laurentii

De Willelmo atte Heuene de Nimude de c salis et dî.

md. ^H

Item de eodem de sede na\îs

■

De Thoma Nyman de Nimude de c et di. salis

iiid. ^H

Item de eodem de sede navis

■

De Petro Herdegrom de Lim de iit lastis allecii vendit!

Item de eodem de sede navis

De Thoma Thîlle de Gernemutha pro eodem

■

De Thoma Gapthon* de Gernemutha pro eodem

De Willelmo Taylefer de Depe de i waga casei

■

Item de una caretta plumbî

ilii d. ^H

Item de eodem de i doleo vini

■

Item de eodem de sede navis

■

De Johanne Douer de Isère pro eodem

■

De Michaele Nauel de Sepelade pro eodem

■

De Michaele Campe de Sepelade pro eodem

■

De Johanne Witing de la Bagge pro eodem

■

De Johanne Rose de la Bagge pro eodem

ud. ■

De Eustachio Nottai de Embeltowe de uno granario et ^|

hepo

îud. H

Item de eodem de sede navis

■

[Summa iii s

■

^Bi^BIHW^I

^^■^ 192 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

^^k

^^^^^B 1 II. A list of ike town customs due at Dunwkh^ prohahly late m

^^^^^P fifteenth century.

■■

^ This document is written wholly in English. A toll was sped- ^

^^H fied for both ships and goods. A ship towing a boat

was to pay

^^H fifty per cent more than if alone. A ship of another district was

^^H to pay double that of the home port. Most of the commodities

^^H were raw materials. The fmished or partly finished

goods were

^^H wine, cloth, bowstaves, and wainscots.

^^H The town custum of Donewych' *

^^^B Ferste of every schip comyng in to the havene

iiiid.

^^H And if it have a bot folwyng

nd.

^^^1 Item of every way salt

-d.

^^^^^— Item of a tuime wyn

^^^^^1 Item of a pipe wyn

^^^^H Item of a barel oly [ — ]

—

^^^^H Item of a melle ston

mid.

^^^^H Item of a copte gryndstones

id.

^^^^H Item of a foder teed

viiid.

^^^^^1 Item of an hundred led

ob.

^^^^^' Item of an hundrid inin

ob.

^^H Item of ship charged with com every gemeer

iiii d.

^^^H Item of a sak wulle

iiii d. B
nd.

^^^1 Item of a fardel of wulle

^^^V Item of a pakke of wulle cloth

iid.

^M Item of a fardel of wulle cloth

id.

^^^ft Item of an hundrid lynen cloth best

iiii d.

^^^1 Item of an hundred lynen cloth werser'

iid.

^^^1 Item of an hundrid woUe skynns

iiiid.

^^H Item of an hundred calf skynns

iiiid.

^^^B Item of an hundred connue skynns

iid.

^^^1 Item of an hundred lamb skynns

id.

^^^B Item of a ship alyen' comyng with coles

viiid.

^^^1 Item of a ship inlonds com^'ng with coles

iiii d. 1
iid. ■

^^^^ Item of a daker calf skynns nouth tamiyd

H Item of a daker calf skynns tanned

iiiid.

H » MS.» Br. M., Add, Roll, 40739.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bi^^^^K^BiflBBH^r^^*

BI^H

^^f TBE LOCAL CUSTOMS

193 ^^H

Item of an hundred wex

im d. .^^1

Item of an hundred bowe staves

lid. ^M

Item of an hundred waynscot or

regald

Item of a poke mader

ini d. ^^1

Item of a timne wovode

viiid* ^^M

Item of a barel osmond

Item of a barel of bier or a barel of stone heryng

^^M

Item of a way chese

Item of a last pich and ter

iiii d. ^^M

Item of a rolle bever'

iiii d, ^^M

Item of an hundred waald

iili d. ^^M

Item of a barel onyons

Item of an hundred leek

iiii d. ^^M

Item of a pipe notts

iiii d. ^^M

Item of a tunne nutts

viii d. ^^1

Item of a last sprotts

mi a. ^^H

Item of a barrell of nutts

Item of a skif tasiir

Item of a last heryng

viud. ^^H

Item of a thousand waltyle (?)

Item of a bale alom

^^M

Item of a last waad asshen

uiid. ^^M

Item of a cupe waad

Item of a barel sope

ud.

Item of an hundred white sope

iid.

Item of an hundred steel

iid.

Item of the quarter of iche com

id.

Item of an hundred coton

iiiid.

Item of an hundred taigh'

iid.

Wylliam Haukewed ferme (?) of

Donewych'

To the priour of Eye

£ix

z s. ix d.

To the priour of Ely

£v

To the chequer of our lord the kyng

iimr.

194

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

§12. An account of petty customs and other dues collected in the
port of Sandwich, 28 January, 1^24 — 24 December^ ^SJO-

This account» which runs for nearly seven years, only part of
which is printed here, includes, besides the petty custom or parva
custufna of the town, the returns from three gardens and one
meadow, anchorage, lastage, profits of fairs, toll on ships sold, and
toll on persons passing through. It is to be noted that the names
of merchants or shippers are omitted.

Particule compoti Edwardi Ryngeley militis ballivi vîUe
domini nostri regis Sandwici tarn per aquam quam per terram de
exitibus et proficuis receptis in officio predicto videlicet a vicesimo
octavo die Januarii anno dicti domini regis dedmo quinto usque
ad festum Nati\dtatis Domini Nostri Jesu Christi anno dictî
domini nostri regis vicesimo secxmdo videlicet per sex annos
integros tria quarteria et octo septimanas.*

In primis computat pro tribus gardinis que olim fuerunt tria
tenementa que affirmantur per annum ad viiis. per spacium
huius compoti Ivi s.

Item pro una clausura vocata le Castell' Mede que affirmatur
per annum ad £iii vi s, viii d. per spacium huius compoti £xxiii
vi s. viii d.

Item computat pro quadam parva custuma vocata le baliage
quam mercatores alieni solvere debent pro rebus et merchandiciis
in portu predicte ville discarcatis vel ibidem eskyppatis per
spatium predictum:

In primis pro viginti barelUs piscium videlicet pro quolibet
barello ob. x d.

Item pro uno centum cole fysch ii d.

Item pro septem tonne here videlicet pro le tonne ii d. xiiii d.

Item pro decern tonne de here, le tonne ii d. xx d.

Item pro un' grosse knythose 1 d.

Item pro septem pokes hopps, le poke ii d. xiiii d.

Item pro v^ bunches onyons videlicet pro quolibet centum
bunches ob* ii d. ob.

* MS,, R. O., K, Ft Accounts, 518/45 (ao) m 3.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^r^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^i

^^^H

^^■y ^^^ LOCAL CUSTOMS

^^9S^^H

Item pro qumque tonne de here, le tonne ii d.

Item pro sex pokes hopps pro le poke ii d.

xiid. ^^1

Item pro iii"" cepe pro quolibet centum ob.

i d. ob. ^^1

Item pro sex tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

xii d. ^^1

Item pro novem barellis allecii pro le barell' ob.

iiii d. ob. ^^H

Item pro quinque pokes hopps, le poke ii d.

' Item pro sex pokettis hopps, le pokett ii d.

xiid. ^^M

Item pro xii barellis altecii, le bareir ob.

^^H

Item pro septem toime de bere, le tonne ii d.

xiiii d. ^^H

Item pro quinque barellis allecii, le bareU* ob.

ii d. ob. ^^1

Item pro x\iii tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

^^M

Item pro tribus pokes hopps^ le poke ii d.

^^1

Item pro septem barellis allecii, le barelF ob.

iiid. ob. ^^M

Item pro sex barellis sails, le barelF q.

i d. ob. ^^1

Item pro uno parvo fardello non legato

Item pro c xx quart eriîs frumenti pro quolibet score iiiid. ii s, ^^|

Item pro ix barellis allecii, le barelf ob.

iiii d. ob. ^^M

Item pro liii pokes hopps, le poke ii d.

viiid. ^^M

Item pro un' waye salis, le waye ii d.

Item pro decem barellis heryng, le barell' ob.

Item pro sex pokes hopps, le poke ii d.

xiid. ^M

Item pro be bundelis osyers

Item pro duobus wagis salis et di., le waye ii d.

vd. J

Item pro viginti tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

iii s. iiii d. ^fl

Item pro ccc xl quarteriis frumenti pro le score iiii d. ^^

V s. viii d. ^^M

Item pro uno parvo fardello non ligato

Item pro c Ixxx quarteriis frumenti pro le score iiii d. iii s. ^^|

Item pro un' waye salis et di., le waye iî d.

iii d. ^m

Item pro quinque tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

xd ^

Item pro xvii barellis allecii, le barelF ob.

viii d. ob. I

Item pro sex pokes hopps, le poke ii d.

xiid. ^M

Item pro sex barellis allecii, le barell' ob.

Item pro iiii pokes hopps, le poke ii d.

viii d. ^^1

Item pro quinque tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

xd. ^1

Item pro cc xl quarteriis frumenti, le score iiii d.

iiiis. 1

Item pro xvi sable skjTines pro le pece iiii d.

196 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Item pro dî. c cole fysche, le c ii d.* i d.

Item pro vîîî^ et dî. lynyn clothe, le c iiii d. ii s. z d.

Item pro im' dosan rolls bokerams ii d.

Item pro im' paper de bokerams ob.

Item pro una peda osours ob.

Item pro ima peda de say q.

Item pro c canvas iiii d.

Item pro sex payntyd dothes ob.

Item pro sex Kentisch carpetts ob.

Item pro xxiiii balson' skynnes ob.

Item pro v^ stonne cruse, le c ob. ii d, ob.

Item pro cc potts, le c ob. i d.

Item pro iii dosan fannes ob.

Item pro iiii dosan lanternes ob.

Item pro quinque chests de glasse, le chest id. v d.

Item pro ii barellis sope, le barell' id. ii d.

Item pro iii pokes hopps, le poke ii d. vi d.

Item pro imo c waxe ii d.

Item pro di. c hempe ob.

Item pro di. last tarre, le last iiii d. ii d.

Item pro cc towe ob.

Item pro imo c lyngs iiii d.
Item pro xvi^ canvas, le c iiii d. v s. iiii d.

Item pro sex cases de glasse, le pece id. vi d.

Item pro iii barellis hempe, le barell' ob. i d. ob.

Item pro decern dosan hotels ii d.

Item pro xxx reames paper ii d.

. Item pro iiii grosse de cards i d.

Item pro sex grosse de combes i d.

Item pro sex grosse de beds ob.

Item pro xii libris blew threde ob.

Item pro sex dosan de cards i d.

Item pro tribus balys de woadde, le bale ii d. vi d.

Item pro ix tonne vini non dulds, le tonne iiii d. iii s.

Item pro uno c salt fysche iiii d.

Item pro imo m hoopis i d.
^ The intervening part of the account is omitted.

^^^H

^^^P THE WCAL CUSTOMS

m ^l

Item pro xîiiî wagis salis, le waîe tî dJ

îi s. iiii d. ^^|

Item pro xlîiîî wagis salis, le waîe il d.

vn s. mi d* ^^H

Item pro V librarum de iron, le m îiii d.

XX d. ^^1

Item pro iii pedis kerseys, le pece i d.

iiid. ^^1

Item pro uno barello sope

Item pro sex barellis de whyte sait, le barell' q.

i d. ob. ^^1

Item pro un' poke de hopps

Item pro uno quarterio l>Tigs

Item pro v^ hoopis

Item pro imo c de clapholt

Item pro novem barellis piscium, le barelF ob.

iiii d. ob. ^^H

Item pro iii quarteriis lyngs

iii d. ^H

Item pro uno c cole fysche

ud. V

Item pro x" iron, le M iiii d.

iii s. iiii d. 1

I Item pro xxiiii quarteris frumenti, le score iiii d.

vd. ^«

Item pro octo chaldriis coles, le chaldr' ob.

iiii d. ^^1

Item pro xv tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

ii s. vi d, ^^B

Item pro xx tonne de cave stonne, le tonne ob.

xd. I

Item pro ur^ pece de kersey et aliis remanents

iiid, ^J

Item pro ii pokes hopps, le poke ii d.

uu d. ^^H

Item pro quatuor tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

viii d. ^^B

Item pro un' packe de canvas ligat' cum vinculis

viii d. ■

Item pro ii hoggesheddes vini non dulcis

iid. B

Item pro un* butt de ronney

iiiid. ^^Ê

Item pro un' pipe de \înagre

1 Item pro duobus fardellis de canvas, le pece iiii d

viii d. ^^1

Item pro iiii tonne vini non dulcis, le tonne iiii d.

xvid. ^^1

Item pro xi tonne de bere, le tonne ii d.

Item pro tribus fardellis canvas ligat', le fardeir i

^^1

xii d. ^^H

Item pro xîi barellis piscium, le barelF ob.

^^1

Item pro iiii centum de salt fysche, le c iiii d.

^^1

Item computat pro ancaragio et lastagio per spacium pre- ^^|

dictum videlicet de qualibet nave m portum

predictum ^^1

applicante infra spacium predictum iiii d.

■

^H £wm :

£vi s. iiii d. ^^H

^^^^^^^ ^ The interveQÎng part of the aca>uiit is omitted.

igS

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Item de proficuis nimdinanim Sancti Clementis tenntamm
infra villain predictam per spacium predictum

vîi s. ix d.

Item de navîbus emptîs infra spadum predictum in portu

predicto videlicet de qualibet nave ii s. xxrii s.

Item de diversis personis non Uberis transfretantibus i>er

spadum predictum videlicet de qualibet persona ii d.

£iiii xii s, VÎ d,

§ 13. A summary account of various local dues collected at
Sandwich, 2j November, 1^43^31 October, 1544^

From at least as early as the thirteenth century the Sandwich
returns were made in the form here indicated. The baillage or
petty custom, paid by non- freemen of Sandwich on goods enter-
ing or leaving the tow^n, had dwindled to nothing. Anchorage,
passage, lastage, and fair dues still existed.

Particule compoti Thome Patche generosi ballivi ville doroini
regis Sandwid tarn per aquam quam per terram de exitibus et
proficuis receptis in officio predicto videlicet a xxxii die Novem-
bris anno dicti Domini Regis nunc Henrici Octavi Dei gratia
Anghe Francie et Hibemie Regis Fidei Defensor et in terris
ecclesie Anglicane et Hibernîce Supreroi Capitis tricesîmo quinto
usque ad festum Omnium Sanctorum tunc proximo sequens anno
regni dicti domini regis tricesimo sexto per tria quarteria anm
et Ixvi dies a quo quidem festo Omnium Sanctorum etc.*

Recepta denariorum:

In primis computat pro tribus gardinis que oUm fuerunt
tria tenementa que affirmantur ad viii s. per spacium huius
compoti, Summa \dii s.

Item pro una closura terre pasture vocata Le Castellmeade
que aiîirmatur per dictum spadum huius compoti ad £\â,

Summa £vi.

Item pro ancoragio et pro diversis personis non liberis trans-
Ire tan tibus per spacium predictum videlicet de qualibet persona
ii d. Summa £iii.

1 MS., R. O., K. R. Accounts, 51Ô/45 (ao).

I
I

THE LOCAL CUSTOMS I99

Item pro lastagio per spadum predictum xx s. Smnma xx s.

Item de proficuis nundinarum Sancti Clementis tentarum
infra villam predictam per spadum predictum iii s. iiii d.

Summa iii s. iiii d.

Item de navibus emptis infra spadum predictum in portu
predicto videlicet de qualibet nave ii s. Smnma nichill

Item pro quadam parva custuma vocata le baillage quam
mercatores alieniger' [sic] solvere debent pro rebus et mercandisis
in portu ville predicte discarcatis vel ibidem eskipatis per spa-
dum predictimi. Summa nichill

Sunmia totallis omnium et singulorum exituum ac proficuo-
rum in offido predicto receptonmi per spadum huius compoti.

£x. xi s. iiii d.

CHAPTER VI

THE SEMI-NATIONAL CUSTOMS

The semi-national customs were those established by the national
government on foreign trade, but later modified by local in*
fluences so as to conform somewhat to the local system. Fuller
description of them is found above,^ Although they are referred
to in eleventh and twelfth century documents, apparently little
or no detailed information occurs before the thirteenth and
following centuries. The documents here printed include wine
prise, lastage, and scavage.

§ 14. A summary account of ifw recta prisa of mines in various
ports oj England^ 2Ç September ^ i2ço~-28 September ^

I2QI.

The king's butler recorded the reda prisa of wines for London,
Bristol, Newcastle, Boston, Ipswich, Sandwich, and Yarmouth.
in all 224 tuns or their equivalent in cash.^ The acquittance for
these was at the rate of 20 s. a tun, except in the case of Bristol
where it was 15 s, a tun.' The expenses for carriage, storage, etc,
were charged to the account.

Compotus Mathei de Columbarîis de vinis de recta prisa
domini regis per portus Anglie anno xix.*

Londonia:

Idem Matheus respondet de c \'iii dolus vini recepti de recta
prisa Londonie a festo Sancti Michaelis anno xviii finiente

» pp. 37-48.

' For other wine duties, sec below, S iS (pp. 210 C,)^ § 30 (pp. 257 L), j 41 (pg.
599 f-)» S 50 (pp. 526 f.), S 51 (pp. s 55 f')» § S$ (PP- <^«>6 f.), § 56 (PP- 624 f.), S S7
(pp. 634 f.). i 5» (PP- 646 t).

* Sec above, p. 41.

* MS., R, O., K. R. Accounts, 77/a.

TBE SEMI-NATIONAL CUSTOMS

usque ad idem festum aimo xix finïente per totum annum inte-
grum de venditis et rebus [sic] videlicet de liiii navibus ibidem
applicatis cum vinis eodem anno, de quibus:

Cariate usque Westmonasterium x dolia

Item usque Langele v dolia

Item usque Asserugg* x dolia

Usque Sanctum Albanum x dolia

Liberata tabemariis Londonie x\âi dolia \ijium pro vino
pro xvii doliis ab ipsis captis ad opus regis tempore sepul-
ture regine eodem anno

Item cariata usque Langele iterum xxv dolia

Item transmissa usque Berewik' in Scotia xx dolia

Item in vendicione ut supra in rotulo receptae x dolia

Item in culiagio i dolium

Bristollum:

Idem Matheus respondet de xx\i doliis vini recepti de recta
prisa apud Bristollum de xiii navibus ibidem applicatis cum vinis
eodum anno que quidem dolia in vendicione sunt computata
supra in rotulo recepte.
Novum Castrum:

Idem Matheus respondet supra in rotulo recepte de £x quiete
receptae pro recta prisa v navium apud Novum Castnira appli-
catanim cum vinis per idem tempus. Et ideo inde quietus est.
Sanctum Botulphum:

Idem Matheus de xliîii doliis vdni de recta prisa recepti de xxii
navibus applicatis ad portuni Sancti Botulphi cum v^inis eodem
anno, de quibus:

Î doHum libera tu m fuit vicecomiti Lincolnic et cariatum
usque Leycestriam cum ix doliis emptis de Petro de Plispannia.
Et in vendicione sunt computata ut patet supra in rotulo recepte
xliii dolia,

Gipemcum :

Idem Matheus respondet de x doliis vini recepti de recta prisa
apud Gipewicum de v navibus cum vinis ibidem applicatis eodem
anno que in vendicione sunt computata supra in rotulo recepte.

202

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Sandwicum :

Idem Matheus respondet de xxii doliis vini de recta prisa apud
Sandwicum recepti de xi navibiis ibidem applicatis cum vinis
eodem anno que in vendicionc sunt computata supra in rotulo
recepte.

Gememutha:

Idem Matheus respondet de iiii doliis vini de recta prisa apud
Geniemutham recepti de ii navibus ibidem applicatis cum vinis
eodem anno que similiter in vendicione sunt computata supra in
rotulo recepte.

Aquietatio prisarum:

Idem Matheus computat in acquletacione predictorum c et
vîii dolîorum \'ini de recta prisa Londonie £c viii pro dolio xx s.

Item in acquietacione predictorum xxvi doliorum de recta
prisa BristoUi £xix x s. pro dolio xv s.

Item in acquietacione predictorum xliiii doliorum de recta
prisa Sancti Botulphi £xliiii pro dolio xx s.

Item in acquietacione predictorum x doliorum de recta prisa
Glpewicî £x pro dolio xx s.

Item in acquietacione predictorum xxii doliorum vini de recta
prisa Sandwid £xxîi pro dolio xx s.

Item in acquietacione predictorum iiii doliorum de recta prisa
Gernemute £iiii pro dolio xx s,

Summa istarum acquietadonum £cc vii x s.^

Summa totalis doliorum vini de prisa ce xiiii dolia.*

Summa totalis doliorum \înî superius empti md iiii" x dolia
vi pipae et xxxix sextarii ^

Summa totalis doliorum vini utriusque summe prescripte
M viii*^ vii dolia \dni et xxxix sextarii ^

Minute custe Londonie:

Idem Matheus computat in batillagio in eundo ad Polam ad
eUgenda et consipianda dicta vina de recta prisa per totum
annum xiui s.

Item in batillagio eorumdem c viii doliorum cariatorum a Pola
usque ad Layn' London' per batellos xiii s. vi d* pro dolio î d.

1 Probata.

THE SEMI'NATiONAL CUSTOMS

Item in celeragio apud Londomam ad coligenda et conservanda
ibidem easdem prisas et alia \aQa domini regis xx s.

Item in carcagio et cariagio per carectas et pro x doUis de
predictis vinis hospi talis apyd WesLmonasterium x s.
H Summa istarum minutarum expensarum Kii s. vi d.*

Idem Matheus computat in vadiis Willelmi Varach' pro
custodia celarionim apud Westmonasterium pro toto anno £iiii
ad s. iii d. recepta per diem iii d,
ft Idem Matheus computat in feodo suo annuali quem recipere
debet per annum pro officio camerarii xx mr,

Summa feodi cum custodia celariorum £x\'ii xvii s. xi d.*
■ Summa totalis acquietacionis predictarum prisarum cum
minutis expensis feodi Mathei et custodie celariorum £cc xxviii
vs. V d.'

Summa totalis omnium expensarum istius rotuli * £mmmdcc-
Ixx vi s. ix d, ob.'

Idem Matheus recepit ut patet superius £mmmdccc xiîiî s.

Iix d. ob.*
Et sic remanet idem Matheus in arreragio de £xxx viii s,*
§ 15. An account of laslage coUeckd in the port of Sandwich ,
2Ç September, izgg — 28 Sepiember, ijoo.
The lastage for the whole year yielded a little under 50 s. It
was collected on raw materials: cheese, bacon, wool, and herring.
The local method of keeping accounts by days of the week occur-
iDg before or after feast days is seen here in all its tiresome ver-
biage, in marked contrast to the system of reckoning by days of
the month found in the purely national accounts after 1275.

Recepta custume lastagii de Sandwyco a festo Sancti Michaelis
anno regni Regis Edwardi xx\^ii usque festttm Natalis Domini
proximo sequens.*

Die Lune proximo ante festum Sancte Fidis Vîrgînîs. De
Lambino Page de v pisis casei v d. Summa v d.

« PtDbaui.

' In margin: Summa totalis vini soludonum tarn de vinis emptîs qu&in de
prisis et eorum custis £b£Hmdcc1xx vt s. ix d. ob. probata.

• Probata.

* MS., R. 0., K. R. Customs, 124/ S. mcmb. 5.

204

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Die Mercutii sequente. De im pisîs casei iiii d, Summa iiii d.

Die Mercurii proximo post festum Sancti Luce Ewangeli de
Bertholomeo Engleys de u baconibus ii d. De i pisa casei î d,

Summa iii d.

Die Jouis sequente. De Johanne de Gynes de i sacco lane iiii d.
De iiii baconibus iiii d. Summa \iîî d.

Die Veneris proximo post festum Apostolorum Simonis et
Jode. De Stephano de Audenard' de x pisis casei et di. x d. ob.

Summa x d. ob.

Die Martis in crastîno Sancti Edmundi Archiepiscopi. De
Henrico Tresorer de ii pisis casei ii d. Summa ii d.

Die Jouis sequente. De Johanne de Artikelong* de xiiii baconi-
bus xiiii d. De î pisa casei i d. Summa x\^ d.

Die Sabbati sequente. De Cleys Sliker de i bacone id. De ii
pisis casei ii d. Summa iii d.

Die Dominica sequente. De Elya Port de viii lastis allecii xx d,

Summa xx d.

Die Lune in festo Sancti Andrée Apostoli, De Petro Spendegod
de xi baconibus xi d. Summa xi d.

Die Martis sequente. De Petro Ara[aud ?] de Rue de iî lastis
et di, alledi vi d. q. Summa vi d. q.

Die Mercurii sequente. De Boyt Wantese de vi lastis et di,
ailecii xvi d. q, Summa xvi d, q.

Die Jouis sequente. De Petro de Akes de ii lastis et di. alledi
vi d- q. Summa vi d, q.

Die Sabbati sequente. De Michaele de Wale de ii baconibus
lid. Summa ii d.

Die Jouis proximo post festum Sancte Lude Virgînîs de Rogero
Guns de i last a allecii ii d. ob. Summa ii d. ob.

Die Veneris sequente. De Johanne Cleys et sociis suis de xiiii
baconibus et di, xiiii d. ob. Summa xiiii d. ob.

Die Sabbati sequente. De Elya Port pro ii lastis allecii v d.

Summa v d.
Summa istius quarterii xi s. ii d. q,

Recepta lastagii de Sandwyco a festo NataUs Domini anno
regni Regis Edwardi xxviii usque festum Sancti Michaelis
proximo sequens.

I
I

TEE SEMI-NATIONAL CUSTOMS

20S

I
I

Die Lune in festo Sanctorum Innocencium. De Roberto de
Cham de xiii lastis aUedi ii s. viii d, ob.

Summa H s. viii d. ob.

Die Dominica proximo post festum Sancti Vincendi. De
Simone Willecot de ii sacds lajie viii d. Summa viii d.

Die Lune in festo Conversionis Sancti Pauli, De Johanne de
Wynchclse de ii lastis alledi v d, Summa v d.

Die Jouis proximo post festum Sancti Petri în Cathedra. De
Johanne de Listo de x lastis allecii ii s, î d, Summa ii s. î d.

Die Mercurii proximo post festum Sancti Mathei ApostoU.
De Remundo de Caleys de xl lastis allecii viii s. iiii d.

Summa viii s. îîii d.

Die Veneris proximo post festum Annundadonis Beate Marie.
De Johanne de Corbi de xx sacds lane vi s. %îii d.

Summa vi s. viii d*

Die Lune in crastino Apostolonim Philippi et Jacobî. De
Johanne Freman de iii pemis i d. ob, Summa i d. ob.

Die Sabbati sequente. De Lab be de Ayle de iiii pernis ix d.

Summa ii d.

Die Sabbati proximo ante festum Sancti Donstani. De
Waltero Grant de xvii saccis lane v s. viii d. De Michaele de
Eueringg' de i sacco lane iiii d. Summa vi s.

Die Sabbati in festo Sancti Barnabe Apostoli, De Simone
Seuebot de v baconibus v d. De ii pisis casei ii d. Summa vii d.

Die Jouis sequente. De Johanne Lopere de i pisa di. casei i d.
ob. De Hugone Cleys de ii baconibus ii d. Somma iii d. ob.

Die Lune sequente. De WîUelmo Pipere de il pisis casei ii d.

Summa ii d.

Die Mercurii in festo Sancti Albani. De Thoma Lopere de di.
pisa casei ob. De Jacobo Litelmeson de ii pisis casei ii d.

Summa ii d. ob.

Adhuc de lastagio de Sandwyco a festo Natahs Domini anno
regnî Regis Edwardi xxvîii usque festum Sancti Michaelis
proximo sequens.

Die Sabbati proximo post festum Apostolonim Petri et Pauli.
De Gerardo de Bouone de v pisis casei v d. Summa v d.

206

TSE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Die Veneris in crastino Transladonis Sancti Thome Martyris.
De Petro filio Boyt de ix sacds lane iii s. De ii pisis casei ii d.

Suinma iii s. ii d.
Die Lune sequente. De Johanne Lopere de iiii pemis iid.

Summa ii d.
Die Martis sequente. De Thoma Lopere de ii pemis id.

Summa i d.

Die Veneris sequente. De Michaele de Eueringg' de ii pisis

casei ii d, Summa ii d.

Die Lune in festo Sancti Petri ad Vincula, De Gilberto Paulyn

de îîi saccîs lane xiî d. Summa xii d.

Die Mercurii sequente. De Bernardo Ligepoys de x baconibus

xd. Summa xd.

Die Sabbati sequente. De Michaele de Arde de iiii pisis casei

iiii d. Summa iiii d.

Die Jouis proximo post festum Sancti Bartholomei, De

Henrico Skynelde de iiii pisis casei iiii d. Summa iiii à.

Die Sabbati proximo ante festum Nativitatis Beate Marie.

De Margeria Bursere de ii pisis casei ii d. De i sacco lane iiii d.

Summa vi d.
Die Veneris proximo post festum Exaltacionis Sancte Cruds.
De Warino de Sancto Omero de viii sacds lane ii s, viii d.

Summa ii s. viii d,

Summa totalis iii quarteriomm xxx viii s. id.

Summa totalis lastagii xlix s. ui d, q.

5 i6. An a€Cûuni of laslage collected in the pari of Sandwich,
2Ç September — 8 December^ 1J04.

The entries of this lastage account should be compared with
corresponding entries in the local customs accounts (§ 5) and in
the new custom accounts (§ 35) of Sandwich for the same date.

Recepta custume lastagii de Sandwyco a festo Sancti Michaelis
anno regni Regis Edwardi xxxii usque ix diem Decembris.^

Die Mercurii in crastino Sancti Michaelis. De Willelmo
Burser pro di. sacco lane ii d. Summa ii d.

^ MS., R. 0., £.. R. Custom»! 124/14« memb. s.

I
I

I
I
I

TBE SEMI-NATIONAL CUSTOMS

207

Die Sabbati sequente. De Jacobo de Wytsand pro ii pisis
butiri ii d. Summa ii d.

Die Lune sequente. De Cristiano Ram pro viii pisis casei
viii d. Summa viii d.

Die Veneris proximo post festum Sancti Luce Ewangeli, De
Willclmo Buk' pro iiii saccis lane xvi d. Summa xvi d.

Die Jouis proximo post festum Apostolorum Simonis et Jude.
De Johanne Froydecusine pro ii saccis lane viii d.

Summa viii d.

Die Veneris proximo sequente. De Dyonisio Belle de Ipre pro
îiïi saccis lane xvi d. Summa xvi d.

Die Lune proximo post festum Omnium Sanctorum. De
Jacobo de Wytsand pro ii pisis butiri ii d. Summa ii d.

Die Martis sequente. De Willelmo Beket pro iiii saccis lane
xvi d. Summa xvi d.

Die Veneris proximo post festum Sancti Andrée. De Bealcog*
de Donkerk' pro iii pisis casei iii d, Summa iii d.

Die Martis proximo post festum Sancti Nicholai. De Hugone
de Exue pro iii pisis casei iii d. De Roberto de Brug^ pro iii
saccis et i poka lane xiiii d. Summa xvii d.

[Summa totalis] vii s* vi d.

§ 17. An inquisition giving the rates of lastage in lite port of
Skirbeck (Bosion), 8 September, /J2J.

The king ordered his local agent to make an inquest as to the
value of lastage in Skirbeck (below Boston on the river Witham),
and the details concerning it. The document recording this
inquest is noteworthy as one of the few remaining hsts of lastage
rates. It is clearly stated that lastage was due on goods exported.
Certain groups of merchants, such as those of Norway, Jutland,
** Fryseby " in Friesland, Scotland, Ireland, Koln, and Lon-
don, were exempt as well as individual merchants. This version
should be compared with that of Bugge.^ Buggers collection of
documents^ it should be pointed out, though valuable, has
proved on examination to be carelessly transcribed and edited.

Dipïomatarium Norvcgicum, vol. i (19 14), S 519.

ao8

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Inquisido capta apud Skirbek' coram Alano de Cubbeldik' per
breve domini regis die Jouis m festo Nativitatis Beate Marie aimo
regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi dedmo septimo per
sacramentum Rogeri Gemou' Rogeri Clerici Willelmi Anstays
Martini Murre Joliannis Godsone Radulfi de Forzington' Regî-
naldi Baroun Walteri de Wenham Henrid filii Joharmis Nicholai
Murr* Willelmi filii Johamiis et Willelmi Cronne qui dicunt super
sacramentum suum quod dictum lastagium valet communibus
aanis viginti libras et provenit ex diversis merdmomis trans-
fretantibus extra Angliam ad partes transmarinas prout patet in
quadam cedilla huic inquisitioni consecuta. In cuius rei testi-
monium predicti iurati sigilla sua [apposuenijnt,^ Data die anno
et loco supradictis.'

Edwardiis Dei gratia Rex AngUe Dominus Hibemie et Dux
Aquitanie dilecto sibi Alano de Cubeldik' custodi quarumdem
terrarum que fuenmt quorumdam magnatum et aliorum nuper
nobis contraiandum in manu nostra existencium in comttatu
Lincolnie salutem. Cum pluries vobis mandaverimus quod
Thesaurarius et Barones de scaccario nostro de vero valore ballive
lastagii de Skirbek* in manu nostra existentis quid videlicet et
quantum dictum lastagium valeat per annum et in quibus
proficuum dicte ballive consistit certificaretis de quo prefatos
Thesaurarium et Barones nostros nondum distincte certificastis
unde admiramur vobis mandamus quod habita dcliberacione inde
dictos Thesaurarium et Barones nostros ad scaccarium nostrum
apud Westmonasterium in Octabis Sancti Michaelis distincte et
aperte super promissis reddatis certiores rémittentes îbî tunc hoc
breve* Teste Willelmo de Norwico apud Westmonasterium xxiii
die August! anno regni nostri decimo septimo. Per breve de
privato sigiUo inter communia de anno xvî. I

[cust,]

De quolibet lasto lane unde x sacci faciunt lastum vi d.

De dimidio lasto lane îii d.

De quolibet sacco per se computato si non computatur per
lastum nee per dimidium i d.

* The document is toni here.

« MS., R, O., K, R. Accoimta, i6/i7».

^^^B THE SEMI-NATIONAL CUSTOMS

209 ^^1

^v ■

H^ De quolibet lasto coreorum siccorum trnde xx dacres faciunt ^^|

H lastum et % corea faciimt i dacrem

H De quolibet dacre coriorum si non habeatur lastum

nec ^^1

H dimidium

■

H De lasto coriorum nondum siccorum îii s- i

iiid. ^H

H De quolibet dacre coriorum non siccomm

H De i carectata plumbî i

iiid. ^^H

H De centum pellibus agnonim i

^^1

H De centum pellibus caprixds ]

liiîd. V

H De centum pellibus leprorum j

[iii d. ^^H

H De uno t>Tnbrio wlpium i

diid« ^^H

H De lasto baconum unde xl bacones faciunt lastum

xiid. ^^1

H De quolibet bacone per se computato si numerus non extendit ^^H

H se ad lastum nec ad dimidium sed computatur per baco- ^^|

B nem

ob. ■

H De i pondère uncti similiter coUecti i

iiii d. H

H De i pondère cepî i

liil d. 1

H De î pondère pinguedlnis i

iiid ■

B Et si coadunat' sit in tonello vel în doleo de quolibet doleo B

H vel tonello i

iii d. ^^H

B De uno centum cupri iîii d. ^^H

H De uno trusseUo panni cum cordis ligatis viii d. |

H De quolibet panno non Ugato cum cordis in trusseUo

id. ■

H De uno tonello clnerum iiii d. ^^H

H De centum pellibus cum lana comums tam in trusseUo quam ^^|

H extra

vid. ■

H De centum pellectis sine lana iiii d. ^^|

^^H De una penula de bisse

^^H De una penula cuniculomm

■

^^H De una penula agnorum

■

^^■De una centena cuniculorum iiii d. V

^^V De una centena scureUorum tam in baUs quam in trussellis ^^Ê

V îiiid. ^^1

H De una centena Ubrarum cere iiii d. ^^|

H De xmo schippund de harpeys iiii d. ^^|

^^^ De quoUbet balo zucre sive alterius rei in apotheca i

iiid. ^^H

-M

210

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

[cust,]

De una garba asceri si captuin sit per garbam ob.

Et si plures garbe sin t in tonello de quoUbet tonello îîiî d.
De quolibet tymbrîo de grys iiiî d.

De uno tymbrio de marce unde xl faciunt le t>Tnbr* iiii d.
De uno schippund de coys i d. ob.

De uno pondère casei vel butin iiii d.

De uno lup butiri i d. ob.

De quolibet doleo vini iiii d.

De lasto de cordewane xiî d.

De una duodena de cordewane î d. ob.

De una culatra plumbi ob.

De dimidio panno non ligato in trussello ob.

De i mole î d. ob.

Iste predicte consuetudines percipîende sunt de omnibus
hominibus cum predictis rebus transfretantibus excepds homini-
bus de Gutland de Fryseby in Friseland de Northweya de Scocia
de Hîbemia de Colonia et de hominibus de London et de pluribus
aliis mercatoribus videlicet Johanne Martyn de Setham et aliis, ■

§ i8. Reasons why lite wine customs and prise Imve diminished^ ^_
2 J February, ijjo,^ f

These reasons may be briefly stated. The Gascons were at this
time sending much more ^^ane to Normandy, Picardy, and
Flanders than to England, English merchants, themselves free
from pa>ing the new custom on wine, were importing more in one
year than foreign merchants formerly imported in two. The
reasons found in the last six clauses of the document had more
local than national application. At Berwick-on-Tweed, New-
castle, Hartlepool, and Yarm there w^as a falling-off of mer-
chants because of the destruction and impoverishment brought
about by the war. In Hull, Cornwall, and Chepstow local or
feudal magnates were in possession of the wine duties. The
citizens of London, themselves exempt from the pa>Tnent of wine
customs and wine prise, had extended this exemption to Lom-
^ This is the new style of reckoning.

THE SEMI-NATIONAL CUSTOMS

211

bards, Gascons, and Picards. A similar statement is made about
Sandwich and Winchelsea.

The wine duties here referred to seem to be the prise, the
ancient wine custom of a few pence per tun, and the wine duty
included in the new custom of 1303.* The two first were semi-
national in character and constitute the main interest of this
document.'

Les resones pur quoi les custumes des vyns namount mye a
taunt ore come avant ces houres,^

Hanc cedulam liberavit hie Ricardus de la Pole xxiii die Febm-
ariî anno regni Regis Edwardi terdi a conquestu quarto.

Pur ceo que les Gascoignes ne soleyent nul vyn amener si noun
lur refus en Normaundye en Pykardie nen Flaundres la ou il
amènent ore en celés parties a plus grant fuysoun qUs ne fount en
Engleterre.

Item purceo que anncienement les vyns feurent amenez en
Engleterre par raarchauntz estraunges que paerount toustume et
moût poî des vyns en cel temps feurent amenez par marchauntz
d^Engleterre qore amènent plus des vyns en Engleterre en un an
que toutz les marchauntz estraunges en deux ans et sount quites
de aistume.

Item en temps que William de Trente feust botiller et la cus-
tume des vyns ensemblement oue la petite custume feust assigne
a lui en aide de son office toutz les marchauntz denzeins paerent
la dite custume de vyns auxi bien corne les marchauntz estraunges
par quoi la dite custume valeust moût le plus.

Item a cel temps la custume feust prise a Berewyk' sur Twede
la ou cele custume cesse ore et a Noef Chastel Hertelpoul et
Yarum la dite custume feust bone qore vaut moût poî ou riens
par la resone que la terre est destrute et en poveri par la guerre
qad este issi qe marchauntz soi retreyent unqore de celés parties.

Item al dit temps feust pris custume en le port de Kyngeston*
sur Huir que feu et est un des meilleurs ports d' Engleterre la ou
hom ne prent ore point de custume per resone que TErcevesque

* Cf» Cakndar of Pateni RoUs^ Ed. I, vol. 1301-13,07, p, 37g {1305) ♦ Cf. also
ibid., p. 77 (1302).

» Sec above, pp. 35-48. * MS-, R, O., K. R. Aocounts, 78/4«.

212

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

de Euerwyk' ad retoveri per jugement en parlement la prise de
vyns illoeqes et surceo feust naaunde al botiller le roi qor est qii
cesseit auxi bien de cystumes come de prises prendre illoqes et
qil feist restitucion al dit Ercevesque des prises et as marchaimtz
des custumes qil avoît pris de eux.

Item WOUam Trente en son temps prist custume en toutz les
portz en Cornwaiir la ou les ministres la Royne Isabell' ne
seoffrentle botiller que ore est ne nul de ses ministres custume
prendre. Et en meisme la manere fount les ministres le Count
Mareschal en le port de Chipstouwe a graunt damage du roi.

Item les gentz de Loundres sount ore enfraunchiz per notre
seigneur ie roi qils ne paient custume ne prise qe soleyent al temps
qe William de Trente feust botiller paier lun et lautre.

Item meismes les gentz de Loundres enfraunchent autres gentz
estraunges cest assavoir Lombardz Gascoîgnes et Pykardz que
soloient paier custume qe ne paent ore riens per resone de lur
fraunchise.

Item les gentz de Sandwyz ount enfraunchi ore de novel qatre
Gascoîgnes cest assavoir Piere de Garfis et William Tugian (?)
Arnaud de Saunez Johan de Sastet' que fount amener chesqun an
en Engleterre m tonels de vyn ou plus dount ils ne paent nule
custume qar les dites gentz de Sandwyz lur avouwent pur lur
combarons. Et en meisme la manere est fait a W>TicheIse et
aillours per les portz a graunt damage du roi. J

§ 19. A list of duties, probably scavage, due in the pari of
London {î)^ fifteenth century. 1

The framework of this document is Latin, but Anglo-French
and English words are found. Although the word ** scavage "
does not occur in the document, the identity is to be assumed
from the following facts. All items particularized are inwards,
" coming to London.** And the wares specified are more like a
list of imports than a list of exports; they are also more like a list
of imports than a list of imports and exports combined, there
being for example no wool specified and no English cloth, except
that made in London (and later returned finished ?), It is note-
worthy that the ad valorem duty of 2 d. per £ is five times men-

^^^^ THE SEMI-NATIONAL CUSTOMS

213 ^M

tioned, four times with reference to cloth, and once in a

general ^^H

way expressing the rate on all unenumerated articles,^

De quaUbet centena cere venalis ^

iiii d.* ^^M

De qualibet centena amigdalarum ven.

De quaUbet bale risarum ven.

De qualibet centena piperis zinziberis setewalF

kanelle ^^M

frankensens brasill' vif argent vermilion vertegres et ^^|

H sucre ven.

V De qualibet centena sulphuris argoil attramenti

rosyn ^^H

^L coperose et calamentî ven.

H De quolibet fraello ficorum et rasinorum ven.

■

H De qualibet libra gariofili galyngale nucis muscatl mas- ^^|

H seorum quibîbes croci et cerici ven.

H De qualibet centena cupri et stanni ven.

H De qualibet centena \îtri ven.

■

H De quolibet baie de mader ven.

H De qualibet m de meliori griso opère ven.

^^H

H De qualibet m de rubio opère ven.

H De qualibet m operis de rusk}^ ven.

^^1

H De qualibet t>Tiiber de ermyns ven.

H De qualibet t>TTiber de letuse ven.

H De qualibet t^Tuber de calabre ven.

H De qualibet tymber catorum ven.

■

H De qualibet t>TTiber \ailpium ven.

H De qualibet t>T3ibcr de bevere ven*

iiiid. ^^1

H De qualibet tymber de ottres ven.

H De qualibet tymber de ficheux(?) ven.

H De qualibet duodena de loyns ven.

id. ^l

H De qualibet duodena pellium de jenetts ven.

id. M

B De qualibet centena pellium cuniculorum ven.

H ^ It is mteresting to compare this duc with one of the same rate, called *' parva ^^H

custuma " by Sir James H. Ramsay. " It [parva cmtuma] laid a geDéfaI duty of ^^H

3 d. on the £t of general merchandise ffom natives, and 3 d. from aliens," Lan- |

easier and York, i, p. 150 (time Hen. IV). It would seem that Sir James

has ooa- ■

fused the semi-national parva cmtuma with the national parva cusiuma.

^^H

H • Henceforth abbre\îated to " ven." at the end of the entry.

^^H

H ' No caption. MS., R. 0., K. R. Customs, 195/3.

^^M 214 THE EARLV ENGLISH CUSTOMS

■

^^^m De qualibet centena pellium agnorum vee.

id. 1

^^^H De qualibet centena de huge ven.

ob.

^^^1 De qualibet duodena de cordewan ven.

id.

^^^1 De qualibet duodena de baseyn ven.

ob.

^^^1 De qualibet dycer corei tannati ven.

ii d. ob.

^^^P De quolibet dolio wysde yen.

xiid.

^^^1 De qualibet bale de wisda ven.

iid.

^^^^^H C^ quoh*bet barello melUs ven.

id.

^^^^^1 De quolibet quarterio salis ven.

ob.

^^^^^1 De qualibet mola pro molendino(?) ven.

iiiid.

^^^^^H De quolibet pari de tumis manumolarum ven.

ob.

^^^^^H De qualibet mola pro fabris vocata gryndston ven.

ob.

^^^^^B De quolibet barello dnenim de wood ven.

ob.

^^^^^H De qualibet centena de waynescote ven.

ud.

^^^^^H De qualibet centena de rigold ven.

• ••• J

mid.

^^^^^1 De quolibet barello asseris ven.

«d.

^^^^^H De qualibet centena de deles ven.

xd.

^^^^^m De qualibet centena de longheres ven.

Hiid.

^^^^^H Dc qualibet centena de bowestaves ven.

iid.

^^^^^ De quolibet lasto de pych' et tar ven.

iiid.

^ De quolibet barello de osemond ven.

id.

^^H De qualibet centena de Pontaudemer ven.

iid.

^^H De quolibet panno de Flandria tincto et afforciato

ven.

iiii d.
1. iiii d.

^^^^ De quolibet panno integro veniente Londoniam vei

^^^. De qualibet duodena panni venientis Londoniam ven. ii d.

^^B De quolibet trussello de kerseye Walssh russet et manteir

^m dlrland ven.

xiid.

H De quolibet panno integro de scarleta ven.

xii d*

^^^ De qualibet duodena nigri vel albi panni monachalis ven.

^^^P

i d. de £

^^^ De quolibet panno operato in Londonia ven.

vmd.

^^^ De qualibet chaldre carbonum maris ven.

ob.

^^B De quolibet fother carbonum ven.

ob.

^V De quoUbet summagio equorum cum sargis stamyns grisiis

^m pannis et lineis pannis ven. ii d. de £

^^^^^^ De qualibet centena canevasii ven.

iiii d.

^^BRHHHBW

■I^B

2IS^^^H

^m De qualibet duodena peplomm ven.

■ De quolibet panno de cerico sivef?) auro ragemas ven.

^^H

H De quolibet sametto et paiino operate cum auro ven.

viii d. ^^H

H De qualibet pecia intégra de fustian ven. i

i d. ob. ^^H

H De quolibet sendillo afforciato ven* 0 d. de £ ^^H

H De duobus aliis sendillis non affordatis ven. li d. de £ ^^H

H De qualibet centena tele venientis Londoniam de parti bus ^^|

H transmarinis ven.

viild. ^^M

H De qualibet duodena de omnimodis velaminibus ven.

iiiid. ^^B

H De qualibet duodena de double worstede ven.

viii d. ^^Ê

H De qualibet duodena de sengle worstede ven.

iiii d. ^^^Ê

H De quolibet lecto cum coverlit et testeur de maîori assisa ven. ^^^H

H De quolibet lecto cum coverlit et testour de media

LUI U. ^^^^^^H

H ven.

H De qualibet m de talwode ven.

iiii ^^1

H De qualibet m de faget ven.

H De qualibet m de bilet ven.

H De qualibet carecta feni ven.

H De quolibet batello veniente per aquam cum feno secundum ^^|

H estimacionem per carrectam ven.

H De quolibet quarterio fmmentî ven.

H De quolibet quarterio brasii ven.

H De quolibet quarterio alterius grani ven.

H De quolibet dolio olei ven.

xud. ^H

H De quolibet dolio vini ven.

vid. ■

H De qualibet centena ponderis de baterie scilicet bassinorum ^^|

H patellarum oUarum et cacaborum ven.

-d.. ^

H De quolibet equo venali precii xl s. et amplius ven.

iid. M

H De quolibet equo ven. minoris precii quam xl s. ven.

H De quolibet bove ven.

H De qualibet vacca ven.

H De quolibet bidenti ven.

V De quinque baconibus ven.

■

H De quolibet vîtulo ven.

■

^^^ De quolibet porco ven.

■

^^■^ J Dlçgible.

2l6 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De quolibet agno ven. *

De corpore cuiuslibet magne navis carcate cum rebus

venalibus venientibus Londoniam dictis rebus in eadem

exceptis *

De corpore cuiuslibet minoris navis carcate cum huiusmodi

rebus venalibus eisdem rebus exceptis — d.*

De quolibet batello carcato iiii d.

De qualibet duodena salmonum salsatarum ven. ^

De XXV milvellis ven. *

De quolibet barello de haddok ven. i d.

De qualibet centena de makerellis salsatis ven. ob.

De quolibet m alledi ven. — d.*

De quolibet barello alledi ven. — d.*

De qualibet duodena lampredarum salsatarum ven. — d.*
De quolibet m anguillarum ven. — d.*

De qualibet centena ponderis grasci pisds ven. iiii d.

De quolibet barello de sturgionibus ven. vi d.

De qualibet centena de stockfissh' vocat' radefissh' et

coursfissh' ven. iiii d.

De qualibet centena de alio stokfissh' vocat' halfwoxefissh'

ven. iî d.

De qualibet centena de alio stokfissh' vocat' cropl3mg' et

tyghtlyng' ven. ob.

De qualibet centena de bimches allei ven. iii d.

De quoUbet xxv busseir ceparum ven. i d.

De quoUbet dosserio piscis ven. i d.

De qualibet m ferri ven. iiii d.

De armatura videlicet hauberions et alia armatura de

quoUbet xx s. ii d.

Et sic de qualibet alia mercandisa superius non nominata
predi xx s. ii d«

» lUegible.

CHAPTER Vn

THE NATION.^L CUSTOMS SYSTEM OF KING JOHN

The ephemeral customs system of King John was complete in
design and successful in operation, at least for a period. It
anticipated the later and more lasting establishments of the three
Edwards. The details of the system are found above * and in the
following documents.

I 20. The Winchester assize af customs, 4 June^ i2oj.

This assize shows a complete system of national customs.* A
duty of one-fifteenth, the quiftdecima, was to be collected on
exports and imports. This duty was a fifteenth part of the mer-
chandise, but it was to be paid apparently (13) in cash. In each
port (s) there were to be elected six or more of the wiser men, a
knight and a clerk who were to receive the fifteenth and to keep
the assize. The knight, the clerk, and the bailiff (16) were to
make tallies and chirographs of receipts, the Christian names and
surnames of merchants, and the dates of shipping. All exjxjrt
and coast trade (3) was to be enrolled and valued, and the mer-
chants put under security. AH money from the fifteenth (13)
was to be kept in the common custody of the bailiffs of the fif-
teenth and in a safe chest of which the local keepers had three or
four keys, until it should be sent to the head keepers *' by chiro-
graph against the bailiffs/' Controllers (20) were to be chosen
to keep a record of all money but to receive none themselves, and
to report all infractions. No merchant (7) was to load or unload
goods until the bailiffs of the fifteenth had given permission. Reg-
ular bailiffs (8) indeed were to give no " conduct " to a ship or
goods without the consent of the bailiffs of the fifteenth; and in
the writ of conduct were to be inscribed both the names and the
residence of the bailiffs, presumably the regular bailiffs. False

« Pp. 4^-53.

* Sec above, pp. 49-5°-

«7

2l8

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

money (6) was to be taken from foreign merchants. Several
enactments were made to cover special cases of exportation (2,

4, 21, 22) and importation (i, 4). The transportation of wool
was specially provided for (11, 12). Tin (15) was apparently
exempt from export doty, on the payment of the new ** red-
ditus " in the stannaries. And finally, the sheriffs, constables,
reeves, and bailiffs of the seaports (14) were to further the
enforcement of this customs system and of the assize.

Rex etc., Reginaldo de Corahell' et Willelmo de FomeU* et
Willelmo de Wrotham salutem.^ Sciatis quod assisum est per
consilium fidelium nostrorum quod omnes mcrcatores de terris
et potestatibus et subjectionibus Regis Franciae possint salvo
venire in terTa[iii] nostra[m] Angliae pro . . . quindecimam
partem omnium mercandisarum suarum quanimcumque. (2)
Item mercandise quas ab Anglia asportare voluerint dum werra *
nostra duravit praeter blada et vina et salem et ceram et varium
et grisium et werellum quae sunt quieta de quindecîma. . . .
(3) Item assisum est quod omnes mercatores de terris nostris qui
voluerint asportare et ducere mercandisas per mare de loco in
locum in terra nostra vel de una terra in aliam quod omnes
mercandie debuerunt imbreviari et appreciari et mercatores
bonam securitatem per plegium vel aliter invenire quod ad diem
sibi statu turn litteras patentes , . . waranta reportabunt quod
in loco ad quern ire proposuerunt applicuerunt et discarcavenmt
et assisam legaliter tenuerint. (4) Item assisum est quod omnes
mercatores forinsecarum terrarum qui abduxerint ab Anglia vel
adduxerint in Angliam aliquas mercandias qui suspecti fuerint
quod transi tum fecerint vel fa cere possint per Flandriam vel per
aliquam terram vel potestatem Regis Franciae de abductione
marcandianim ab Anglia capiatur quindecima de adductione vero
in Angliam capiantur salvi plegii ut superius assisum est. (5)
Item assisum est quod in quolibet portu Angliae eligantur sex vel
septem vel plures de sapientioribus et legalioribus et ditioribus et
valentioribîis hominibus portus et unus miles et unus clericus ad
quindecimam partem mercandiamm recipieudam et coUigendam

^ Rotuli LiiUrarum Patentium, i, pp. 42-43,
i Against the king of France.

NATIONAL CUSTOMS OF KING JOHN

219

ad opus nostrum et ad hanc assisam et haec capitula observanda
et ad respondendum Reginaldo de Cornhell' et WiUeimo de
Fornell* el Willelmo de Wrotham. (6) Item assisum est quod
nuUus formsecus mercator aliquod falsum denarium apportet vel
retonsum in Angliam; quod si fecerit in portu ubi applicaverit
retineantur denarii in communi custodia ballivorum quîndecîme
et non deliberentur nisi per breve nostrum vel per breve Gaufridi
filii Petri Comitis Essexiae vel per breve patens praedictorum
Reginald! de Cornheir et Wiîlelmi de FornelF et Willelmi de
Wrotham. (7) Item assisum est quod nullus mercator praesumat
carcare vel discarcare aliquam mercandiam nisi per visum et
licenciam ballivorum nostronun de quindecima. (8) Item
assisum est quod nullus baillivus faciat conductum de aliqua navi
vel de aliquibus mercandiis per mare nisi ballivi nostri de quinde-
cima qui inde habent respondere et quod nomina et cognomina
ballivorum et locorum ubi manent contineantur in brevi de
conductu. (9) Item assisum est quod si quis attinctus fuerit qui
ballivos nostros de quindedma in aliquo deceperit vel perfidiam
fecerit unde perdentes fuerimus vel carcaverit vel discarcaverit
contra hanc assisam per salvos plegios ponatur de quacumque
libertate fuerit et catalla eius similiter donee inde rectum habui-
mus, (10) Item assisum est quod omnes stermanni et naute qui
aliquam navem vel scutam vel someccum vel batellum vel
aliquam aliam navem parv^am vel magnam ducent per portus circa
Angliam jurabunt pro se et manupastu suo quod numquam
carcabunt vel adducent in navibus suis aliquas marcandias nisi
per Ucentiam baillivorum de quindecima et si quis de hoc attinctus
fuerit na\as et catalla in manu nostra capiantur et corpus per
plegios arestetur donee inde rectum habuimus, (11) Item
assisum est quod nullus mercator praesumat abducere lanam de
abbatia in aliquod burgum vel v^llam mercandam vel castellum
vel civitate[m] vel aliquod portum maris Angliae nisi prius
habuerit licenciam capitalium custodum portuum et quindecime
scilicet sepedictorum Reginaldi de ComehelF et Willelmi de
Fomeir et Willelmi de Wrotham et si quis contra hanc assisam
attinctus fuerit lane capiantur ad opus nostrum et corpus per
plegios arestetur. (12) Item assisum est quod nullus ballivus

220

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

de quindecima praesumat capere ab allquo mercatore quinded-
mam de lanis abbatiarum nisi mercator prius attulerit litteras
patentes capitalium custodum qyindecime de numéro saccorum
et precio lanarum. (13) Item assisum est quod omnis pecunia
quae exierit de quindecima custodiatur in communi custodia
baillivorum dc quindecima in una salva area unde très de lega-
lioribus custodibus ha bean t tres claves vel quatuor donee red-
datur capitalibus custodibus per drographa contra baillivos,
(14) Item assisum est quod quilibet vicecomites et constabularii
et praepositus et omnes baîllivi portuum maris Angliae intendant
negotiis nostris de quindecima et de custodia portuum et veniant
ad summonitionem sicut voluerint se servare . , . dia nostra
sicut Reginaldus de Comheir et Willelmus de Forneir et Wil-
lelmus de Wrotham eis mandabunt per litteras suas patentes.
{15) Item assisum est quod nuUus praesumat capere quinded-
mam vel aliquam consuetudinem de stagno praeterquam marcam
novi red di tus in stagnariis. (16) Item assisum est quod miles et
clericus ct bailli\Tis cuiuslibet portus faciant inter se dicas et
cirographa de receptis suis et nominibus et cognominibus merca-
tomm de quibus aliqui receperint et de diebus in quibus aUquid
receperint et quod habeant ad compotum suum banc assisara sub
sigillo capitalium costodum sîgillatam. (17) Item assisum est
quod nulli baillivi de quindecima per portus Angliae praesumant
pardonare aliquem transgressum istius assise qui possit evenire in
baillivis eorum nee emendationem per se capere nisi coram
capitalibus custodibus de quindecima. (18) Item assisum est
quod capitales custodes de quindecima capiant curam in nundinis
d\itatibus et villis mercandis quod balance per quas mercandie
ponderantur . . . quod merca tores non praesumant ponderare
nisi coram ballivis de quindecima. (19) Item assisum est pro
magna commoditate nostra quod omnes baillivi qui eliguntur per
portus Angliae ad recipiendam quindecimam nostram et ad earn
custodiendam et magnam assisam capiendam sint quieti de asslsis
et recognicionibus in propriis suis et alibi faciendis et de tallagîts
. . . remuneracionîs pro servido suo recipient. (20) Item
assisum est quod in locis competentibus ponentur clerid ad
liberationem nostram ad curam capiendam super baîllivos qui

NATIONAL CUSTOMS OF KING JOEN

221

redpiunl quiiidedmain et custodiant assisam qui nunquam
aliquem denarium recipient neque custodient sed rotulos contra
eos fadent de . , , quindedme et onmibus transgressionibus
quae evenire poterint per portus Angliae, , . , (21) Item
assisum est quod nullus homo asportet ab Anglia aliqua arma
nîsî sit homo noster et déférât ea in servicium nostrum vel ad
corpus suum defendendum. {22) Item assisuni est et prohibitum
omnibus ballivis portuum maris Angliae sicut se et sua diligerent
et se servarent de prisona nostra quod non permittant alicui
homini asportare a portu suo ultra mare aliquod genus bladi
vel . . . vel bacones vel aliquas cames vel caseum vel butirum
vel mel vel salem vel allecium vel salmonem vel , , . vel . . .
msi habeat htteras nostras vel litteras Gaufridi filii Petri Comitis
Essexiae et praedictonim Reginaldi de Comheir et Willelmi de
Fomeir et Willelmi de Wrotham super hoc directas sed ista
permittant asportare circa Angliam de portu in portum et de loco
in locum per plegios reportandi waranta ut superius assisum est.
(23) Et ideo vobis mandamus et firmiter praecipiraus quod sicut
vos et vestra dihgitis banc assisam nostram praescriptam tenere
fadatis per omnes portus Angliae et in omnibus locis compctenti-
bus in Anglia sicut commoditati nostre expedire videritis ne
pro defectu vestri (sic) perdamus. Test' etc. iiii die Junii apud
Wintoniam anno regni nos tri quinto.

5 21. A summary account of the quindedma, or fifteenth, of
King John for practically all of England, 20 July, i2oj~
2Q November, 1205.

The existence of this account is proof that the customs system
of King John was put into force. Contemporary patent rolls
further corroborate this fact.

Compotus Willelmi de Wroteham Archidiaconi de Tantona et
Reginaldi de Comhull' et Willelmi de Fumell* de quindena
mercatorum per portus maris praeter partem in portu de Len a
festo Sancte Margarete anni quarti usque ad festum Sancti
Andrée aimi vi sicut ipsi dicunt quod tempus secundum annota*
tionem scaccarii incepit in festu Sancte Margarete anni v durans

222

TffE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

usque ad festum Sancti Andrée anoi septîmî et de exîtu
nundinanim Sancti Botulfi et de Len de anno vîi.'

Idem reddtmt compotum de £c et Iviii et v s. et xi d. de quin-
décima Novi Castelli. Et de £xlîi et xvii s. et x d. de quindedma
de Jamm. Et de xi s. et xî d, de qumdedma de Cotun, Et de
iiii s. de quindecima de Whitebi. Et de £xxiî et îiii d. et ob. de
quindecima de Scardeburc. Et de £bt et viii s, et iiii d* de quin-
decima de Hedun", Et de £ccc et xliiiî et xîiii s. et iiii d. et ob* de ^
quindecima de Hul. Et de £c et Ixxv et \'iii d^sîcjs. et x d- de |
quindecima Eboraci, Et de £xvii et xî s. et vîiî d, de quindedma
de Selebi. Et de £dc et Ivi et xîi s, et ii d, de qmndedma Lin-
colnie. Et de £xxxiiî et xi s, et ix d. de quindedma de Barton",
Et de £xviii et xv s, et x d. et ob. de quindecima de Ymmîngham,
Et de £ quater** et xi et xv s, et ob. de quindecima de Grimesbi.
Et de £dcc et quater^ et xv s. et iu d, de quindedma Sancti
Botulphi, Et de £dc et U et xî s. et xi d, de quindecima de Len.
Et de £liiii et xv s, et vi d, de quindedma de Gememue- Et de
£vî et xix s, et X d. de quindecima de Norwîz, Et de c et iiii s. et
îx d. de quindedma de Dimwiz, Et de £xi et vii s. de quindecima
de Oreford. Et de £vîi et xi s, et vii d. et ob. de quindedma de
Gipeswiz. Et de £xvî et xiî s. et viii d. de quindecima Colecester*. fl
Et de £xvi de quindecima de Sandwiz. Et de £xxxiî et vi s. et "
i d. de quindedma de Doura. Et de £x et xîii s. et v d. et ob. de
quindecima de Ria. Et de £lxii et ii s. et iiii d. et ob. de quin-
dedma de Winchelsea. Et de xxi s. et xi d. et ob. de quindedma
de Pevenesel. Et de £xîî et xii s. et ii d. de quindecima de Saford.
Et de £xx et îiii s. et îx d, de quindecima de Scorham* Et de
£xxîîî et vi s. et vii d. de quindedma de Cicestr*. Et de £dcc et
xii et iii s. et vii d. et ob. de quindedma de Sudhantonia. Et de
£xiiii et vi s, et iii d. de quindecima de Exemue. Et de bt s. de
quindecima de Dertemue. Et de £vii et iiii s. et viii d. de quinde-
cima de Esse, Et de £xlvîii et xv s. et xî d. de quindecima de
Fawî. Et de £dccc et xxxvî et xii s, et x d. de quindecima
London. _

Summa £mmmm et dcccc et Iviii et vii s. et iii d, et ob.

In thesaurario £mm et dcc et xUx et îî s, et v d. in x talliis.

» MS., R. 0., Pipe RqU, No. 50, L. T. R., memb. ibb.

CHAPTER Vm

THE ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

This custom of 1275 was due on wool, woolfells, and Mdes ex-
ported from England, Wales, or Ireland.* The rates were specific
and denizens and aliens were alike subject to it. It had a long
history but the date of its repeal, whether in the sixteenth or
seventeenth century» is difficult to fix.^

While this duty was at first designated '* new custom/* in 1303
and afterwards it was called ** ancient custom." *

§ 22. Tfw grant of the custom on wool, woolfells, and hides
exported from England, Waks^ or Ireland, May, 1275,

At the request of the merchants, the lords are said to have
made this grant. The Latin version indicates that the Commons
also consented to it. The month is determined by the position of
the entry on the rolls, by several other related documents, and by
the reading of the Latin version of the grant.' The whole machin-
ery of the realm was to aid in the execution of the new system,
and special customs officials were to be elected in the ports to
collect the custom for the king.

A la novele custume ke est grante par touz les granz del realme
e par la prière des comunes de marchanz de tot Engletere est
pourveu ke en chescun conte en la greinore \ile ou port est seient
esluz deus des plus leans e plus pussaunz ke averont le une pece de
un seel en garde e un ke sera assigne par le reî aura un autre
pece e serront jurez ke leîaument resceîveront et responderont des
deniers le rei cest a savoir de cheskun sak de laine demi mark* e de
chescun treis cenz de peaus ke funt un sak demi mark' e de
chescun last de quyr un mark' ke isteront hors de realme ausi ben

^ For other dutîes on wool, woolfells, and hides, see below, Chapters IX, X,
XII, XUI, and XV. » See above, pp. 59-60.

» Stubbs, Select Charters, p, 451 (19 May, 1275). Sw above, p» 64.

224

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

en Hirlaujide en Wales come en Engleterre dedenz franchise et de
hors. Estre ceo en chescun port on nefs pount issir seront dcus
prodeshommes jurez kil ne suffenmt a issir leines peaus ne qu>TS
sanz lettre overte od le seel ke sera au chef port en meime le conte.
E sil est nul ke autrement sen isse hors del realme il perdra touz
les chateus kil ad et sun cors serra a la volonté le rei. E pur ceo
ke ceste chose ne pot si tost estre parfumy est poun-eu ke le rei
cnveie ses lettres a chescun vesconte par tot le reaime et face crier
et défendre par touz les countez ke nul sor forfeture de son cors e
de touz ses chateus ne f aze mener hors de la terre laynes peaus ne
quyr avaunt la feste de la Trinité en cest an. E adonkes par
lettres overtes od les seaus sicome est avauntdite e ne mie autre-
ment sur les avauntdites forfetures. E le rei ad grante de sa
grace ke touz le seingnorages par quy porz laynes ou quyrs istront
aient les forfetures quant eles avendront chescun en sim port
salve al rey demi mark' de chescun sak de la>'ne e des peaus et un
mark' de chescun last de quyrs.'

§ 23. An account oj Oie cusiom coUected on wooL uvolfells, and
hides ex ported f ram Hull, 27 June, 1275 — 2j April, 1276,

This account is remarkable for its excellent state of preserva-
tion. It furnishes the details of the customs collected in accord-
ance with the grant of May, 1275. The only other similar account
found,* for southern ports but in no condition for publication,
begins slightly earlier, on or before 17 June, According to § 22,
no export was to take place before 9 June (Trinity Sunday),
While this southern document is wholly in Latin, the northern,
here printed, is almost wholly in French, During this ten
months period, the custom in question amounted to £1431 7 s,
gj d,, and the cost of collection to £15 10 s. i d., or a little over
one per cent. The cocket is seen in use in the case of goods going
coastwise from Scarborough and Janim (Yarm, Yorkshire) to
Hull and then^ on the payment of the customs due^ going abroad
from Hull,

' MS., R, O., Rotuli Finium, 3 Ed. I, memb. 34 dorso. Cf. Calendar ef Fine
Rùllsi i, 1372-1307, p. 47. Printed in Pariiameniary WritSj i, p, i.
> MS., R. 0., K. R. Customs. 135/1.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

i2S

The following table contains the summaries of the details of
export.

Days of exportation, out of 304 47 *

Shiploads or cargoes 67
Shipments:

By English merchants (probably) 13 *

By foreign merchants (probably) 188 *

Wool 4058 sacks, 125 pokes, 11^ stones*

Hides 39J lasts, 75 J dickers, 103 hides ^

Woolfells 4704 woolfells

This account contains materials of some value to the student of
weights and measures and to the student of mercantile develop-
ment. British merchants were trading in partnership, such as
Randolphe de Whitteby and Jordan le Naire, both of Berwick,
The partners of foreign merchants, too, were active, notably in
the case of Liscote, Bardi, Bettel, Richard (Rîccardi)» Cirke
(Cerchi), and Frescobaldi* The masters and sailors of the ships
are found engaging in trade on their own account. No informa-
tion is evident concerning the possibly-existing Merchant
Staplers.

Co est le roulle de la novel custume coille a Hulle en le an U
Rois Edward le Terte.^ Le an de Roy Edward le Terte.*

La neef Walter Rob}^! de la Mue parti Judi le xxvii jur de June

ou^ xl sackes et i poke de laine marclmns

' Approxmialeîy.

• Belonging to the following towns: Beverley, Grimsby , London, Newcastle,
Rochester, and York.

• At least thirteen different merchants exporting English wool, woolfells, and
hides came from Amiens, eleven from Corbie, and in diminishing numbers from
Ltibeck, Ghent, Cahors, Abbeville, Pomfrait, etc.

• Purposely not reduced to their simplest terras. These totals are based upon the
statements of the ship's cargo found at the begimung of the en try ^ which do not
always coincide with the true total of the enumerated items following»

• MS., R. O., K. R, Customs, 55/1*

• Examinât' et concord' summ' [ ] et rotul' Taldi Gemani mercatoris.

Summa expensorum collectorum circa pecuniam istius rotuti £xv x s. i d,

Î '* Ou " is the extended form of '* o " (with) used in the manuscript

226

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Roberd de Asseburg iout xxvii sacke x pers meyns de laine

en xxviî sarpellers apaie [cust,] £viii xvii s. et vi d.

Giles Cusin de Asseburg et Lamberd son compaînon eurent

xiii sackes vii pers et demy en xiii sarpellers et i p>oke que

poîsa quarteron de sackes et î père ount paie

[cust,] £iiii x s. et vî d.

Sununa £xiii et vixi s.

La neef Hue [Daîa]rd de Berflet parti co même jur ou xvîii

sackes et une poke de laine marchand r de Lubîke

îout xvîii sackes de laine en x[viii sarpellers! et î poke que
poisa quarteron de sacke apaie

Summa [cust.| £vx et xxi d.

La neef Walter Bucke de Berflet parti Judi le iiii jur de Jule ou

xlviii sacke et î poke de laine marchand

Jon Loker de Gant iout xlv sackes et demy et îx pers de laine

en xlv sarpellers apaie [cust.] £xv v s. et \diî d.

Wîfil de Lubike de Almaine iout iii sackes et demy et iî pers

de laine en iii sarpellers et ii poke apaie

[cust.] xxiii s. et x d.
Summa £x\^ ix s. et v d.

La neef Jon fiiz Hue de Beuerle parti Dimaine le vii jur de Jule

ou c et iiii'" sackes i sacke meyns et ou une poke marchans

Reinald de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout Ixxiii sackes et

îîî pers en Ixxîi sarpellers apaie [cust.] £xxiiii vii s, et v d,

Thomasin Guide thon compaînon de Richard îout xxxvîi

sackes de laine en xxxvii sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £xii \i s. et \âii d.

Gy bis Duni compaînon de Cirke iout Ixx sacke et demy de

laine et î poke quarteron de sacke en bcxi sappeller apaie

[cust.] £xxiii xi s. et viii d.
Summa £lx v s. et îx d*

La neef Roger Gayt de Hedon parti Lundi le viii jur de Jule ou
et V sackes et iii jjokes de laîne marchand
Jon de Amiens de Abbeuile iout bdi sackes et î père de laine
en Ixiiî sarpellers furent les îîi pokes apaie

[cust.] £xx xîîî s. et vii d.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

227

Roger Gayt de Hedon iout ix sackes et demy de laine et vîî

pers en îx sarpeUers apaie [cust.] £ui v s. d, et ob.

William Wiles de Amiens iout x sackes et demy de laine en x

sarpeUers apaie [cust.] £ui et x s,

Jon Pleban de Corby iout vi sackes de laine en vi safrpellers

apaie] [cust,] £ii

Jon de Amiens de Abbeuile iout î cente de peaus lanes

[apaie] [cust.] ii s. et iii d.

Jon de Gard de Beuerle imiste le Mekerdi le x jur de Jule îi

dakers des quirs apaie [custj xvi d.

Summa £xxix xii s. iii d. et ob.

La neef Baldewin Rate le Joune de Berflet parti Mekerdi le xx

jur de Jule ou cente i sacke de laîne et ou i laste et xviîi

quîrs marchans

Jon Plcbar de Corby iout xxix sackes et xi pers en xxviii

sarpeUers apoye [cust.] £îx xvi s. et i d.

Jon Macurrais de Corby iout xvii sackes et vi pers de laine en

xvii sarpeUers apaie [cust.] £v xiiii s. et x d,

Gyles le Bom de Corby iout xiîiî sackes et vi pers de laîne en

xiiii sarpeUers apaie [cust,] £iiii xiiii s, et x d,

Brice de Corby iout x sackes et uii pers de laine en x sarpeUers

apaie [cust,] £iii vii s. et viii d,

Walter le Engleis de Corby iout demy laste et \\ quîrs apaîe

[cust,] vii s, et ob,
Bernard Camer de Corby iout xî dakeres et ii quîrs apaie

[cust.] vii s, iiii d, et ob.

tîchard le Engleis de Abbeuile iout v sackes et ix pers de

laine en v sarpeUers apaîe [cust,] xxxv s. et vîi d.

Jon de Amiens de Abbeuile iout xxviî sackes et x pers de

laîne en xxvii sarpeUers apaie [cust.] £ix îî s. et vi d,

Summa £xxx\' v s. et xi d.

La neef Jon Pute de Berflet parti Judî le xi jur de Jule de Jarum
ou îîii^ et v sacke de laine marchand
Huberd Baldemnette compainon de Barde iout iiii" et v
sackes de laine en iiif" et v sarpeUers apaie

Summa [cust.] £xxviii vi s. et viii d.

2Z8

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

La neef Henri fiiz Gant' de la Mue parti Maresdi le xwi jur de

Jule ou iiif^ et ii sackes et i poke de laine marchand

Baldewin de la Poore de Gant iout Ix sackes de laine en

— [sarpellers et] i poke de iii pers apaie [cust.] £xx et îx d.

Jon le Ruse de Gant iout xxii sackes et ix pers de laine en

xxiii sarpellers apaie ]cust.] £vii \iii s. et xi d.

Summa £xx\di ix s. et viii d.

La neef Gilberd Normand de Saint Walcrie parti Mckerdi le

xxvii jur de Jule ou xl sacke de laine et v\ dakers des quirs

marchans

Jon de Wers de Corby iout iii sackes iiii pers meîns de laine en

iii sarpellers apaie [cust.] xîx s.

Jon de Gard de Beuerle iout xiîi sackes et \ii pers de laine en

xii sarpellers et vi dakers de quirs apaie

[cust.] £iiii xii s. et vd-

Jon Boue de Corby iout ii sackes de laine en iî sarpnîUers

apaie [custj xiii s. et iiii d.

Jon Plebar de Corby iout iii sackes et îi pers de laine en

iii sarpellers apaie [cust*] xx s. et vi d,

Simon Auerdras de Amiens iout xv sackes de laine en xv

sarpellers apaie [cust.] £v

Alayne Plebar de Corby iout i sacke et x pers de laine en i

sarpeller apaie [cust,] ix s. et iii d.

Adam Benêt de Ponfrait iout iiii sackes de laine en iiii

sarpellers apaie tc^st.] xxvi s. et \^ d.

Item hi lî out iï pokes de Tharite que poiserent xi pers et

paîerent [cust.] ii s. et ix d.

Summa £xiui iii s. et xi d,
La neef Baldewin Stoyard de Berflet parti Wendresdi le xîx
jur de Jule ou Ixvîi sackes et iiii pokes marchans
Jon Loker de Gant iout xxxi sackes et vi pers de laine en
xxxiii sarpellers ou les îni pokes apaie

[cust] £x viii s. et iî d.
Henri de Hasse de la Chapelle Gerrard son compainon et
Gilberd de Sentron compainons iourent xxxviiî sackes et
ix pers de laine en xxxix sarpellers ount paie

[cust.] £xîi XV s. et vii d.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

229

Item hi li mistrent puse î poke de i pere et demy et paierent

[cust.] iiii d. et ob,

Summa £xxiii îîîî s. d. et ob,

La neef Andreo de Campe parti Samedi le xx jur de Jule ou xvii

sackes et i poke de laine marchand

Jon Mo>Tie de Wîssemer iout x\qî sackes iiî pers et demy de

laine en xviiî sarpellers apaie

Summa [eus t.] £v xiiiî s. ii d. et ob.

La neef Hue Dararde de Berfiet parti co même jur ou liii'^* et

viii sackes et i poke de laine marchans

Re>TLald de Plesais compainon de Lîscot iout Ixvi sackes de

laine en Lx\d sarpellers apaie [eus t.] £xxiî

Berte Stoldi compainon de Berte iout xxii sackes en xxii

sarpellers et i poke que poysa demy sacke apaie

[cust-1 £vii et x s.
Summa £xxix et x s*
!Là neef Jon Hegman de Lubike parti co même jur ou ce bd
sackes et xii pokes de laine et c et xii peaus
Henri de Hasse de la Chapelle iout Lwdii sackes de laine en
lx\îi sarpellers et iii pokes que paiserent xîii pères et xxxiiiî
peaus lanes apaie [cust.] £xxii xvii s, \'i d. et ob,

Henri de Coline de Lubike iout xxv sackes de laine en xxv
sarpellers et î poke quarteron de sacke apaie

[cust.j £\âîi \'iii s, et iiii d,

Tedrike Brocons de Stransonde iout Iiî sackes de laine en Iii

sarpellers et v pokes que poiserent xviii pers et demy

Item kxviii peaus lanes apaie [cust,] £xvii xiii s. et i d.

Conrade Merbode de Barton' iout vii sackes de laine en vîi

sarpellers apaie [cust.] £iî vi s. et viii d.

Henri Sinige de Lubike iout x sackes de laine en x s[arpellers

apaie] [cust.] £iii vi s, et viii d,

Gerwin Sviner de Lubike iout viii sackes de laine en viii

sarpellers apaie [cust.] £ii xiii s. et iîii d.

Henri le ^Tiite de Lubike iout xiii sackes de laine en xiii

sarpellers apaie [cust,] £iiii \i s. et viii d.

Perkin et Gyselin de Lubike compainons ourent Ixxv sackes

de laine en Lxxv sarpellers et iiî pokes que poiserent xxi

pere et demy ount paie [cust.) £xxv v s* et x d.

230

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Tedrike Brocons de Transonde iout v sackes de laine en v

sarpellers apaie [ciist.] xxxîîi s. et iiii d,

Conrade Queste et Bernard Kinde son compainon ourent

xlvii sackes i pere meins en xlvii sarpellers ount paie

[cust,] £xv xui s. et i d.

Summa £dm iiii s. vi d. et ob»

La neef WiUam Biirgois de Winchelse parti Dimaine le xxî jur

de Jule ou iii*^ et xxxix sackes et vi pokes de laine. Reinald

de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout Ixxviii sackes de

laine en Ixxviii sarpellers et î poke de xvi pères apaie

[oust.] £xx\i iiii s. et i d,

Thomasin Guidethon compainon Richard iout iiii^ sackes

de laine en iiii^ sarpellers et ii pokes de xviii pers apaie

[custj £xxvi x\4i s. et xi d.

Bernard Manfraî compainon de Cirke iout Ix sackes et xxî

pere de laine en Ixiîii sarpellers ii furent pokes apaie

[cust.] £xx V s. et iiii d.
Sate Francîske compainon de Fauconer iout xxviii sackes
ii pères meins de laine en xx\dii sarpellers et i poke que
poisa quarteron de sacke apaie

[cust.] £lx vii s. et ix d,
Gy Guffayn compainon de Frescobalde iout Ixi sackes et îîi
pères de laine en Ixi sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £xx vii s, et V d.

Jon Fréter de Rabestans iout xv sackes de laine en xv

sarpellers apaie [cust,] £v

Jon Himberd de Rabestans iout xv sackes de laine en xv

sarpellers apaie [cust,] £v

Summa £cxiii ii s, et vî d.

La neef Jon Scothard de Berflet parti Mekerdi le xxiiii jur de

Jule ou c et Ixi sackes et iiii pokes de laine

Peres Dude compainon Jame Capedemaile iout xxi sackes et

xxi pere de laine en xxi sarpellers et ii pokes que poiserent

X3Dtvi pères apaie [cust.] £vii xiiiî s. et vii d.

Thomasin Guidethon compainon de Richard iout kx\î sackes

et X pères de laine en Ixxviii sarpellers ou une poke apaie

[cust,] £xxv ix s. et ii d.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1273

231

Reinald de Plesans compainon de Lîscote iout xlii sackes et
xmî pères de laine en xlii sarpellers et î poke de xvî pères
apaie [cost] £xiiîi vîi s. et viii d.

Summa £xlvii xi s. et v d.

La neef Baldewin Rate le Weile de Berflet parti Judî le xxv jur
de Jule ou c et lix sackes et ix pokes marchand
Sate Franciske compainon de Faucon* iout xvi sakes v pères
meins de laine en xvi sarpellers et i poke de xiiii pcres
apaie [cust.] £v viii s. et xi d.

Gy bis Dimi compainon de Cîrke iout xl sackes et vii pères
de laine [en] xl sarpellers et U pokes de xxx et vi pères
apaie [cust.] £xtii x\ii s. et viii d.

Gy Guffayn compainon de Frescobald iout xxx\^i sackes de

laine en xxx\^ sarpellers et iii pokes que poiserent xliiii

pères apaie [cust.] £xii iiii s, et vii d,

Reinald de Plesans compainon de Lîscote iout xli sackes et i

père de laine en xli sarpellers et ii pokes de xli père apaie

[cust.] £xiiîi iiii s. et i d.

Thomasîn Guidethon compainon de Richard iout xxvii

sackes de laine en xxvii sarpellers et i poke de dcmy sacke

apaie [cust] £ix iii s. et iiii d.

Summa £liiii xvîii s. et vii d.

La neef Alaine Mannînge de Beuerle parti Vendresdi le xx\à jur
de Jule ou xxiii sackes de laine et ou \di dakers et demy des
quirs marchand

Jon de Garde de Beuerle iout xîi sackes et xxiii pères de laine
en xi sarpellers apaie [cust.] £iiii v s. et xi d.

Adam Benêt de Ponfrait iout vi sackes de laine en vi sar-
pellers apaie [cust,] £ii

William de Frisemarrais de Hedon iout iiii sackes et v pères
de laine en iiii sarpellers apaie [cust.] xxvîi s. et xi d,

Janine de Fret' de Amiens iout i sacke de laine en i sarpeller
apaie [cust.] vi s. et viii d.

Baldwin Thili de Amiens iout vii dakers et demy des quirs
apaie [cust.] v s.

Summa £viii v s. et vi d.

232

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

La neef Poppe de Pute de Berflet parti co même jur ou be sackes
et Î poke de laine marchans
Reinald de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout liii sackes et vi
peres de laine en liii sarpellers apaie _

[cust-] £xvii xiiii s, et x d. |
Bertelmeu Haiik>Ti de Briggs iout vii sackes de laine en vii
sarpellers et i poke quarteron de sacke apaie

[cust,] £ii viii s. et iiii d.
Item le mariner en out ii peres de laine apaie [cust,] vi d,

Summa £xx iii s. et viii d.
La neef Simonde Pvningman de Berflet parti co raeme jur ou
iiii"^ et x\nii sackes et iii pokes de laine marchand
Henri de Briland iout xxxi sackes de laine en xxxi sarpellers
et i poke que poisa ^ peres apaie

[cust.] £x ix s, et viii d.

Jon Himberd de Rabestans iout xvi sackes de laine en xvi

sarpellers apaie [cust.] £v vi s, et viii d,

Geflfrai Brade de Lund res iout xrai sackes et ii peres de

laine en xviii sarpellers et i poke quarteron de sacke apaie

[cust.] £vî ii s. et ii d.

Fukyn Dînant îout xvîî sackes et v peres de laine en x\^

sarpellers apaie [cust.] £v xiîîî s. et vii d.

Pers Artise de Burdeues îout xv sackes et iii peres de laine en

XV sarpellers et i poke de père et demy apaîe

[cust.] £v xiii d. et ob.
Item les mariners en ourent xiii peres de laine ount paie

[cust.] iii s. et iii d.

Summa £xxxîî x\Ti s, v d, et ob.

La neef Rauef Caluehird de Euerwike parti Samedi le xxvii jux

de Jule ou xxvîîi sackes et î poke de laine et ou xi dakeres

et vii quirs et ou ii pokes que furent en la neef Roger Gayt

marchans

William Wîles de Amiens iout xv sackes et xxîiii peres de

laine en xv sarpellers et i poke de vi peres et xi dakers et ■

vii quirs apaîe [cust.] £v xv s. v d. et ob.

William Wiles de Ponfraît iout xi sackes et xiiii peres de

laine en xi sarpellers apaie [cust.] £iii xvi s. et xi d. _

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

233

Richard Caluetdrde de Euerwîke iout îi sackes de laine en îi
sarpellers apaîe [cust.] xiîî s. et îiîi d.

Summa £x v s. viiî d. et ob.
La neef Jon de Wilfet de Barton' parti Lundi le xxix jur de JiUe
ou c et xxî sackes de laine marchand
Gy Guffam compainon de Frescobaldi îout xxxvii sackes de
laine xviii pères meîns en xxx\âi sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £xii et ii s.

Sate Franciske compainon de Faucon' iout xiiii sackes de

laine en xiiii sarpellers apaîe [cust,] £îiii xiii s, et iîii d,

Gy biis Duni compainon de Cirke iout xxxiiii sackes de laine

ix pères meins en xxxv sarpellers apaie

fcnst J £xi iiii s. et iiiî d.

Hugelin Père compainon de Bettel iout xvi sackes de laine en

xvi sarpellers apaîe [cost.] £v vi s. et viii d.

Berte Stoldi compainon de Berte îout xviii sackes et vîi pères

de laine en xîx sarpellers apaie [cust.] £\i et xxi d,

Summa £xxxix \dii s. et i d.

La neef Claisewînson de Berflet parti Maresdi le xxx jur de

Jule ou cente et i sacke et iii pokes de laine marchand

Reinald de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout Iii sackes de

laine en liiii sarpellers et i poke quarteron de sacke apaie

[cust.) £xvîi viii s. iiii d.
"Berte Stoldi compainon de Berte iout xlvii sackes de laine
en xlvii sarpellers et i poke de demy sacke apaie

[cust.I £x\^ xvi s. et vîii d.

Item le mester mariner en out viii pères de laine en i poke

apaie [custj il s,

Summa £xxxiii et vîi s,
La neef Jon de Lime de Berflet parti Judi le primer jur de Auste
ou IxLx sackes et ii pokes de laine marchand
Gosberde de Naueme iout xxxiîi sackes et ix pères et demy
de laine en xxxi sarpellers fu le i poke apaie

[cust.] £xi îi s, et v d,

Reimond Garin de Coours îout xl sackes v pères et demy de

laine en xxxix saq>ellers et i poke que poisa xvi pères apaie

{cnst,] £xîii xii s. ii d. et ob.
Summa £xxiiii xiiii s, vii d. et ob.

234

TBE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

La neef Jon Nuteson de H axil parti de Jarum co même jur ou

iiii^ et X sackes de laine marchand

Huberd Baldewinette compainon de Barde iout liiU sackes en

liiii sarpellers apaie [cust,] £xviu

Sate Frandske compainon de Falcon' îout xvii sackes en

xvii sarpellers apaie [cust.] £v xiii s. et iiii d.

Pers de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout xix sackes en xix

sarpellers apaie [cust] £vi vî s. et vîii d.

Summa £xxx
La neef WîUam de la Porte Flemange de Brugges parti co
même jiir ou iiii'°* et î sackes et ii pokes marchand
Huberd Baldewînette compainon de Barde îout xiiii sackes en
xiiii sarpellers et ii pokes de xxxvi pères apaie

(custj! £v iî s. et vi d.
Pers de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout brvîi sackes et iii
pères de laine en Ixviî sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £xxii vii s, et V d.

Summa £xxvii ix s, et xi d,

La neef Walter Bosel de Berflet parti Samedi le îii jur de Auste

ou c et ix sackes et iî pokes de laine marchand

Reinald de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout xxxvîi sackes

et xvii pères de laine en xxx™ sarpellers et î poke quarteron

de sack et ii pères apaie [cust J £xii xiii s. et ii d.

Thomasin Guidethon compainon de Richard îout Ixxiiii

sackes et i père et demy en Ixxii sarpellers ou i poke apaie

[cust.] £xxiiii xiii s. et viiii d.

Jon Pîcte de Hiper îout î sacke et iiii pères de laine en i

sarpeller apaie [cust.| vii s. et viii d.

Summa £xxxvii xiiii s. et vî d.

La neef Berte Jakeson de Berflet parti co même jur ou ixiiii

sackes de laine et ii pokes marchans

Hugelin Père compainon de Bettel iout xiiii sackes et ix

pères de laine en xhiLî sarpellers et î poke que poisa xi pères

apaie [eus t.] £xîiiî xi s. et ix d,

Berte Stoldi compainon de Barde iout xxî sackes et xiiii peres

de laine en xxî sarpellers ou î poke apaîe

[cust.] £viî îii s. et vii d.
Summa £xxi xv s, et îiii d.

I
I

ANCIENT CUSTOM OP 1275

23 s

La neef Willam Pile de Berflet parti Maresdi le vi jur de Auste

ou c et xlvîii sackes et î poke de laine marchand

Gy Guffayn conipaînon de Frescobald iout Iv sackes et ix

pères de laine en Iv sarpellers et î poke de x pères et demy

apaie [cMstJ £xviiî xi s. et viiî d.

Gy biis Dunî compaînon de Cirke iout xxxiî sackes et demy

de laine en xxxiiii sarpellers apaie [custj £x xvi s. et viii d.

Hugelin Père compaînon de Bettel iout xx sackes de laine en

XX sarpellers apaie [cost.] £vî xîiî s. et îiîî d.

Berte Stoldi compaînon de Barde iout xliii sackes et xi pères

de laine en xxxix sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £xiiii ix s, et v d.

Summa £1 xi s* et i d.

La neef Claies Du the de Berflet parti co même jur ou Ixxvii

sackes et iiii pokes de laine marchans

Reinald de Plesans compaînon de Lîscote iout xxxiiii sackes

en xxxiiii sarpellers les ii furent pokes apaie

[cust.] £xi vî s. et viii d.

Sate Franciske compaînon de Falcon' iout v sackes et ii

pères de laine en v sarpellers apaie [cust.] xxxiii s. et x d,

Berte Soldi compainon de Barde iout xliîi sackes et xi pères de

laine en xl sarpellers le î fu poke apaie

[cust] £xiiii ix s. et v d.
Martin Teminge de Hîper iout i sacke et i père et demy de
laine et i poke de iiil pères et demy apaie

[cust,] viii s. et ii d.

Summa £xxvîî xvîîi s. et î d,

La neef Hardman de la Mue parti le même Jur ou xHx sackes de

laine et xv peaus lanes marchans

Henri de Briland iout xxxi sackes viii pères et demy de laine

en XXX sarpellers apaie [cust,] £x viii s. et x d.

Boydekyn de Armonde iout îx sackes ii pères et demy de

laine en ix sarpellers et xv peaus lanes apaie

[cust.] £iii xid. et ob.
Henri Pape de Gant iout x sackes viii pères et demy de laine
en X sarpellers apaie [cust.] £iii viiî s. et x d.

Sununa £xvi xviii s. vii d. et ob.

236 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

La neef Jon le Brune de Oxille parti Merkerdi le vii jur de
Auste ou iiii" et v sackes et vi pokes de laine marchand
Willam le Gierke de Bnigges iout xxxii sackes et xx peres de
laine en xxxiiii sarpellers les iii furent poke apaie

[cust.] £x xviii s. et v d.
Giles Bolers de Gant iout xxiiii sackes vii peres et demy de
laine en xxv sarpellers les ii furent poke apaie

[cust.] £viii et xxiii d.

Willam le Mercer de Gant iout xiii sackes xvi peres et demy

de laine en xiiii sarpellers apaie [cust.] £iiii x s. xi d.

Giles du Wale de Gant iout xvii sackes et viii peres de laine

en xvii sarpellers et i poke apaie [cust.] £v xv s. et iiii d.

Summa £xxix vi s. et vii d.

La neef Simonde Campe de Grauelinge parti Judi le viii jur de
Auste ou iiii^ et v sackes et iiii pokes marchand
Baudette Noel de Duai iout bd sackes et i père de laine en bd
sarpellers et ii pokes de xxiiii peres apaie

[cust.] £xx xiii s. et i d.
Bertelote de Saint Omer iout xxv sackes ii peres et demy en
XXV sarpellers ou ii pokes apaie

[cust.] £viii vii s. iii d. et ob.
Summa £xxix iiii d. et ob.

La neef WîIIam Fluri de Depe parti de Rauensore la Weile de
Saint Laurence ou iiii sackes de laine et vi laste et demy
et V dacker de quirs marchand
Roberd de Arras de Amiens iout iiii sackes de laine en iîîî
sarpellers et vi laste et v dakers de quirs apaie

[cust.] £v et X s.
Roberd le Seler de Reume iout demy laste de quirs apaie

[cust.] vi s. et viiî d.
Summa £v xvi s. et viiî d.

La neef Reiner Staf de Berflet parti co même jur ou cente vî
sackes et vi pokes le laine marchand
Giles de Gant iout c xi sackes et x peres de laine en c et xii
sarpellers furent les vi pokes apaie

Summa [cust.] £xxxvii ii s. et vi d.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

L.a neef Robyn de la Mue parti Judi le xv jur da Auste ou Ixxî
sackes de laine et iî pokes marchans
Berte Stoldi compainon de Barde lout xxxvîîî sackes xv pères
et demy de laine en xl sarpellers ou ii pokes apaie

[cust.} £xii xvii s. et iii d.

Hugelin Père compainon de Bettel iont xxxiii sackes i père

meîns en xxxiii sarpellers apaie [cust.] £xi iii d. meins

Summa £xxiii et xvii s,

La neef Hue le White de la Mue parti Wendresdi le xvi jur de
Auste ou xxxv sackes et i poke de laine marchand
Bernard White de Lubike îout xxv sackes îîiî pères et demy
de laine en xxîîii sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £viii vii S- ix d. et ob.

Cunrade Queste de Lubike iout xii sackes et ii peres de laine

en xii sarpellers ou i poke apaie [cust.] £iiii et vi d.

Summa £xii viii s. iii d. et ob*

La neef Jon Auelocke de Depe parti de Schardeburg Wendresdi

co même jur ou vî sackes et i poke de laine et ou vii laste et

xiiiî quirs marchans

Jon Normand de Amiens iout ii laste et xvii dakers de quirs

apaie [cust.] xxxviii s*

Pers Drue de Amiens iout i laste de quxrs apaie

[cust] xiîî s. et îiii d.

Jon Russel de Amiens iout iii laste et iiii daker des quits et

vi sackes de laine en vi sarpellers et i poke que poisa o peres

apaie [cust.] £îiii iii s, et v d.

Summa £vi xiiii s. et ix d.

La neef Jon Foi te de Berflet parti Maresdi le xx jur de Auste ou
Ixvi sackes et v pokes de laine marchans
Hîmberd de Grenesalde de Cahurs iout xxxvii sackes v
peres et demy de laine en xxxviii sarpellers les iii furent
pokes apaie [cust,] £xiî viii s. et î d.

Hugelin Père compainon de Bettel iout xxxii sackes et xv
peres de laine en xxxLîi sarpellers ou ii pokes apaie

[cust,] £x xvii s, et ii d.
Summa £xxiii v s. et iii d.

238 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

La neef Willam Pillocke de Berflet parti co même jur ou zlii
sackes et i poke marchand
Himberd de Grenesalde de Cahurs iout xliii sackes de laine
en xliii sarpellers ou i poke apaie

[cust.] £xiiii vi s. et viii d.

La neef Bordin Cham' de la Mue parti Mekerdi le xxi jur de
Auste ou Ixxiii sackes et iii pokes de laine marchans
Pers Lengleis de Roucester iout xlvii sackes ii peres meins et
demy de laine en xliii sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £xv xii s. et viii d.
Henri de Cuff eld iout xxvii sackes et xiiii peres en xxvi sar-
pellers ou i poke apaie [cust.] £ix iii s. et vii d.
Fukyn Dinant iout ii pokes que poiserent xxiiii peres de
laine apaie [cust.] vi s.
Bernard de Cuffelde iout v sackes iiii peres et demy de laine
en V sarpellers apaie [cust.] xxxiiii s. et v d.
Item les marineres en ourent iii peres de laine oimt paie

[cust.] ix d.
Sunmia £xxvi xvii s. et v d.

La neef Henri fiiz Walter de la Mue parti Mekerdi le xxvii jur
de Auste ou x sackes et i poke de laine et ou ix dakers des
quirs marchand
Jake Deny de Amiens iout iiii sackes ii peres et demy de
laine en iii sarpellers et xxi quirs apaie

[cust.] xxviii s. et viii d.

Jon Cokerel de Amiens iout ii sackes ii peres et demy de

laine en ii sarpellers et vii dakers i quir meins apaie

[cust.] xviii s. et vii d.
Jon de Wers de Corby iout iii sackes et xii peres en iii sar-
pellers apaie [cust.] xxiii s. et i d.
Willam Wiles de Ponfrait iout ii sackes i père meins de laine
en ii sarpellers et i poke de demy sacke apaie

[cust.] xvi s. et v d-
Summa £iiii vi s. et ix d-

La neef Roger Gaite de Hedon parti co même jur ou iii sacke3
de laine et charge de plumme marchand

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

^39

WOlam Seuenant de Grimesby lout îîî sackes de laine en iii

sarpellers resconte son cokette a le Saint Botolf apaie *
Henri Staban de Calais iout Judi le xxix jur de Auste son
cokette de ce et xliii peays lanes de xxviî quîrs charges a
Schardeburg apaie [cust.] vn s, et i d.

La neef Thancarde de Berflet parti Wendresdi le xxx jur de
Auste ou iiii^ et xii sackes et iî pokes de laine marchand
Pons Elis de Cahurs îout Ixv sackes et viii pères de laine en
brvd sarpellers et î poke de iiii pères apaie

[cust.] £xxi xvi s. et v d.

Wîllam Lamberd de Condune îout vî sackes de laine en vi

sarpellers apaie [cust.] £iï

Jon de les Mesures îout xx sackes de laine en xx sari>ellers et i

poke de iiii pères apaie [cust.f £vi xiiii s. et iiii d.

Summa £xxx x s. et ix d.

La neef Pers Russel de Saint Waleri parti Maresdî le x jur de
September ou Ixv sackes et ii pokes de laine marchand
Pers de Plesans compainon de Liscote iout xlvi sackes et
demy de laine en xlvi sarpellers ou ii pokes apaie

[cust,] £xv et X s.
Thomasin Guidethon compainon de Richard îout xx sackes
et xxi père de laine en xxi sarpellers apaie

[cust.] £vi xviii s. et ix d.

Summa £xxii viii s. et ix d,

La neef Martin Brian de Saint Waleri parti co même jur ou

xUiii sackes et ii pokes de laine marchand

Thomasin Guidethon compainon de Richard iout xlv sackes

i père et demy de laine en xlvi sarpellers furent les ii pokes

apaie Summa [cust,] £xv iiii d. et ob,

La neef Baldewin Rate le Weile de Berflet parti co même jur ou

cente iii sackes et iiii pokes de laine marchand

Henri de Briland iout xxxvii sackes xii pères et demy de

laine en xxx\^ii sarpellers apaie [cust.] £xii ix s. et x d*

Gerarde de Gant iout ix sackes et xxiiii pères de laine en x

sarpellers ou i poke apaie [cust.J £iii vi s. et ii d.

1 Everything from ** La ncd " to ** ^aie " is cancelled.

240

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Willam Crispelocke de Euemîke iout viî sackes et v pères et

demy en viii sarpellers apaîe [cust.] £iî et viii s.

Fukin de Dînant îout vî sackes et iiiî pères de laine en vî

sarpellers apaîe [cust,] £u et xîi d.

Bartelmey de Broneswîke îout xiii sackes et xvi pères de laine

en xiii sarpellers apaîe [cust.] £iiii x s, et x d.

Cunrade Queste de Lubîke îout i sacke et iiii pères de laine

en î sarpeller apaie [cust,] \ii s. et viii d-

Pers de Plesans compainon de Liscote îout xxx sackes de

laine en xxx sarpellers apaîe [cust.] £x

Walter Bouîne de Bmgges îout î poke de îiî pères de laine

apaie [cust.] îx d.

Summa £xxxv iiii s* et iii d,

La neef Fuke Caldron de Saint Walerie parti Samedi le xxî jur

de September ou xviii quirs et i sacke et i poke de laine

marchans

Peis du Fure de Amiens iout î sacke et demy et iii pères de

laine en ii sarpellers apaie if eus t.) x s. et ix d»

Willam Wiles de Ponfrait îout xviii quirs apaîe

[oisLI xiiiid. et ob.

Summa xi s. xi d. et ob,

La neef Rauf Caluehîrde de Euemîke parti Lundi le xxx jur de

September ou xl sackes de laine marchand

Thomasin Guidethon compainon de Richard iout xx sackes

de laine en xx sarpellers apaie [custj £\i xiii s. et iiiî d,

Pers Dude de Pro\insce îout xxi sackes et xvi pères de laine

en XX sarpellers apaie [cust.] £vîî iiii s. et i d.

Summa £xiîî xvii s, et v d.

La neef Gilberd Normand de Saint Walerie parti co même jur

ou i sacke et demy de laine marchand

Jake Deny de Amiens îout i sacke et demy et v pères de laine

en il sarpellers apaîe Sununa [cust,] xi s, et îiî d.

La neef Walter Porson de Berflet parti Judi le xxxi jur de

October ou iii sackes et î poke de laine marchand

Pers de Appelby de Euerw^ke iout iii sackes et xx pères de

laine en iiii sarpellers ou i poke apaie

Summa [cust.] xxv s. et ii d.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 127$

241

La neef Henri de Haxîl parti Wendresdi le vi jur de December

b ou XX sackes de laine et v quîrs marchans

■ Bernard le White de Lubike iout xiiii sackes et îx pères de
I laine en xiiii sarpellers apaie |cust.J £iiii xv s. et vii d,
B Herman de Dorkemonde îout vî sackes et v pères de laine en

■ vi sarpellers apaie [cust,] £ii et xv d.

■ Cyuard de Coloine îout v quirs apaie [cust.] iiii d>
^t^ Item Lamberd le mariner iout ii pères de laine apaie
Hj^ [custj vi d.

Summa £vî xvii s. et vîîi d.

(La neef Wîllam le Bugi de Saint Walerî parti de Rauensore le
viii jur de December ou xxv sackes de laîne et ou vii laste
et demy de quirs et vi"^ peaus lanes marchand
Philippe de Ridai de Berewike îout iii sackes de laine en iii
sarpellers et demy laste et xv quirs et vi^ peaus lanes apaie
■ [cust.] XXX s, et iiii d.

Patrîke Schotte de Berewike iout vi sackes de laine en vi
sarpellers et \ii laste de quirs xv quirs meins apaie
[cust.] £vi xii s. et iiii d,
Jon de Saulis de Cahurs iout xvî sackes et xiii pères de laine
en xvi sarpellers apaie [cust.] £v et x s,

Summa £xiii xii s. et viii d.
La neef Jon Porthel de Saint Waleri parti Wendresdi le xx jur
de December ou iii sackes de laine et ou iiiî daker et vii
quirs marchans
Jon Cokerel de Amiens iout iii sackes et î père de laine en iii
sarpellers apaie [cust.] xx s. et iii d.

Jake Deny de Amiens iout iii daker de quirs apaie

[cust.] îi s.
Richard de Fures de Amiens iout xvii quirs apaie

[cust.] xiii d. et ob,

Summa xxtii s, iiii d, et ob.

La neef Hue Bunthard de Berflet parti Samedi le primer jur de

Feveryer ou xlvii sackes et ii pokes de laine marchand

Elard de Lubike iout ix sackes de laine et xix pères en ix

sarpellers et xiii peaus lanes apaie

[cust,] £iii v s. et i d. et ob.

242

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Alberd de Horpemonde lout xîx sackes et vii peres de laine
eu xviii sarpellers ou ï poke apaie [cust.] £vî viiî s. v d.
Euerrarde de Lubike iout xix sackes et xvi peres et demy de
laine en xviii sarpellers ou i poke apaie

[cust,] £vi X s. X d. et ob.
Item le mester mariner iout demy père de laine apaie

[cust] d. et ob.

Sumnia £xvi iiii s. vî d. et ob.

La neef Boydin Bardelînge de Calays parti Samedi le xxii jur

de Feveryer ou iiii pokes de laine et oble marchand

Le mester mariner mêmes iout les iiii peres de laines apaie

Summa [cust.] xii d.
La neef Jon Maberose de Calays parti Mekerdî le xxv jur de
Fever>Tr ou i père de laine et iiii peaus lanes marchand
Jon Lamprenesse de Calays iout i père de laine et iiii peaus
lanes apaie Summa fcust.) iiii d.

La neef Roger Gayt de Hedon parti Lundi le ix jur de Marce ou
xxxix sackes et i poke de laine et ou iiiî laste et xiii daker de
quirs marchans
Simond Catepain de Beuerle iout iî sackes et i père de laine
en ii sarpellers et vî dakers de quirs apaîe

[cust.] xviî s, et vii d.

Gyles li Boms de Corby iout vii sackes et ii peres de laine en

vii sarpellers apaie [cust.] xlvâi s. et ii d.

Brisette de Corby iout x sackes et iî peres de laine en x

sarpellers apaie [cust] £iii vii s, et ii d.

Jon Boue de Corby iout ii laste de quirs apaie

[cust.] xxvi s. et \aiî d.
WiUam de Hacum de Eueruike iout i laste de quirs apaie

[cust.] xiii s. et iiii d.
Laurence Gaune de Corby iout ii sackes et ix peres de laine
en ii sarpellers apaie [cust.] xv s. et vii d,

Jon le Frut* de Amiens iout ii sackes et ii peres de laine en
ii sarpellers apaie [cust.] xiii s. et x d

Robein Cokerel de Amiens iout ii sacJ^es et xiiii peres de
laine en îii sarpellers ou i poke apaie [cust.] xvi s. et xi d.
Pers Plebothe de Corby iout iiii sackes de laine en Uii sarpel-
lers et vi dakers et vii quirs apaie (cust.] 3Dod s, et î d.

I
I

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

243

Alaine Lengleis de Abbeuile iout i laste et iii quirs apaie

[cust,] xiiî s. et VÎ d,
Suinina £xm ii s. et x d.

(La neef Willam Sauljrn de Berflet parti Mekerdî le xi jur de
Marce ou vi sackes de iaine marchand
Bernard White de Lubike iout vi sackes et 1 pere de laine en
\\ sarpellers apaie Summa [custj £ii et iii d.

La neef Euerrard de Berflet parti co même jur ou i sacke de
laine marchand
Cinarde Bardewike de Brugges iout i sake et i pere de Iaine
en i sarpeller apaie Summa [cust.] vi s. et xi d.

La neef Thedeman le Naire de Berflet parti Samedi le xiiii jur
de Marce ou xvii sackes et iii pokes de laine marchand
Godekin de M indoue iout xix sackes ix pères et demy de
laine en xvii sarpellers et iii pokes apaie

Summa [cust.] £vi ix s. et i d.

La neef Jon de Ward de Calays parti Dimange le xxiî jur de

Marce ou Ixx sackes et i poke de laine et i laste de quirs

marchans

Hugelin Pere compainon de Bettel iout xxxviii sackes i pere

et demy de laine en xxxviii sarpellers e[t] une poke apaie

[cust,] £3di xiii s, viii d.

Pers de Plesans compainon de Liscotte iout xxxiiî sackes v

pères et demy de laine en x^î sarpellers et î laste des

quirs apaîe [cust.] £xi xiiii s* et îx d.

Summa £xxiiii viii s, et v d.
La neef Michel Daniel de Calais parti Maresdi le xxiiii jur de
Marce ou iiii sackes et îi pokes de laine et ou xv dacres des

I quirs i quir meins marchand

Pers Plebothe de Corby iout iiii sackes et xviii pères et demy
de laine en iiii sarpellers et î poke apaie
[cust.l xxxi s. mi d. et ob,
Robyn Cokerel de Amiens iout xiii pères de laine en î poke et
XV dakers des quirs i quir meins apaie [custj xiii s. et iiii d.
Summa [£ii iiii s, viii d. et ob.] *

1 FoUowîog this item at tlie beginning of the next sEin is found part of a letter
whidi begins thus; A Jon de Anndouvy Richard de Beuerle et Jon Buck' satuz et
etc

244

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

La neef Roger Russel de Saint Waleri parti de Rauensore le
primer jur de Averil on x laste et demy et vîi quirs et if et
iiif^ peaus lanes et eu demy sacke de laine marchand
Randolphe de Whitteby de Berewike et Jordan le Naire de
Berewike compainons iourent x laste et demy et vii quîrs
et jf et iîii^ peaus lanes et i poke de demy sacke de laine
oimt paie

Summa [cust J £vm vii s. îx d. et ob.
La neef Willam Burgoîs de Poreuîle co même jiir ou ii sackes et
ii pokes de laine et ou vi*^ et xlix peaus marchans
Rauf Basile de Depe iout îi sackes et xv pères de laine en îî
sarpellers et ii pokes et vi'^ et xlix peaus lanes apaie

[custj xxxi s. et vîi d.
Item le mester mariner en out vii peaus des aneaues apaie

[cust.] i d. et ob.

Siimma xxxi s, vîiî d. et ob*

La neef Jon Marescote de Poreuîle parti co même jur ou xx

sackes iiiî pères et demy meîns de laine et ou xri^ et xxi

pelle lanez marchans

Jon de les Mesurs de Cohons îout xx sackes iiiî pères et demy

meins en xxi sarpellers ou i poke apaie

[cust,] £vî xiî s. îi d. et ob.
Andreu Maillard de Poreuîle iout xxi'^ et xxi pelle lanez apaie

[cust,] xlvii s. et i d.

Summa £viiî xix s, iîî d. et ob.

Hue de Cardoîle de Nouel Chastel out son cokette et parti de

Jarum Samedi le xviii jur de Averil ou xviiP°^ peaus lanes

et vii pères de laine apaie

Summa [cust.] îx s. et viii d-
La neef Gilberd Normand* de Saint Waleri parti Lundi le xxviî
jur de Averil ou ii laste v dakers et i quir marchand
Jake de Abbeuile iout i laste v quîrs meîns apaie

[cust*] xiîi s,

Jon de Garde de Beuerle iout î laste et v dakers de quîrs et

vii quirs apaîe [cust.] xvîi s, et ob.

Summa xxx s. et ob,
Summa [totalis] £mcccc xxxi vîi s. ix d. ob*

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

245

I
I

5 24. An account of the cusiutn on wool, woolfeUs, and hides, col-
lected in ike port of London j 6 May, 1288 — 18 May, 128c,

The small amount of wool accounted for during this period is
notable. The custom in question is the new custom of 1275» in
1303 and thereafter called the " ancient custom J'

Compotus factus per Johannem Langyno ct Walterum Port-
lond custodes nove custume Londonie indorsatus de omnimodis
receptis de lana pellibus et coreis a die Ascencionis anno regni
Regis Edwardi xvi usque ad idem festum proximo sequens anno
xvii.^

Idem reddunt compotum pro xi coreis de dicta custuma re-
cepta de eadem de Roberto Longo viii d. ob, q.

Item de Henrico Paty pro \di dakeris coriorum iiii s» viii d.
Item de Nicholao de Porstoke pro iiii coreis iii d.

Item de Reginaldo de Lanote pro vii coreis v d, ob. q.

Item de Willelmo Pyle pro tribus clavis lane iiii d. ob-

Item de Barchal* pro iiii coreis iii d. q.

Item de Johanne Kyffe pro x coreis viii d*

Item de Earth ai' Comubie pro x coreis viii d.

Item de Ricardo le Vncle pro xx coreis xvi d.

Item de Willelmo Sauuage pro x coreis viii d.

Item de Olivero le Brutun pro xx coreis xvi d.

Item de Pctro de Hauyle pro xii coreis ix d. ob.

Item de Philippo Albyn pro xvi saccis et xxxvîii clavîbus

x mr. iiii s. iii d.
Item [de] Johanne Alwyne pro xvi saccis lane xxvi clavibus

viii mr. xl d.
Item de Johanne Kene pro v saccis xlvîîi clavibus

xxxix s. vi d.
Item de Johanne Stoue pro xxx saccis lane xv mr.

Item de Gilberto Franceys pro xv sacds xxxii clavibus

vii mr. di. iiii s. i d. ob.
Item de Johanne Spirecok pro viii saccis xxiiii pellibus

iiii mr. vi d. ob.

» MS.. R. 0.. K. R, Customs, 176/4.

246 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Item de Johanne Spirecok pro viii sacds iiii davibus

iiii mr. vi d.
Item de Hemîco Paty pro i sacco xlv davibus xii s. v d.
Item de Roberto Golde pro vi sacds xviii davibus

iii mr. xxviii d.
Item de Radulpho de Chereburg' pro xii coreis ix d. ob.
Item de Philippo Mercatore pro xxii sacds lane zi mr.

Item de Thoma Jeorge pro xvi sacds xiiii davibus

viii mr. xxi d. ob.
Item de Symone de Fortun' pro xvii saccis xlv davibus xlii
pellibus ix mr.

Item de Bartholomeo Cukle de Chereburg pro iiii cords

iiid. q.
Item de Willelmo Kadde pro x coreis viii d.

Item de Willelmo de Jememue pro vii coreis v d. ob.

Item de Waltero Curly pro c et xx coreis viii s.

Item de Waltero Paty pro xx coreis xvi d.

Item de Roberto Sexburg' pro xxx coreis ii s.

Item de Petro Hauyle pro x coreis et vii pellibus ix d. ob. q.
Item de Ada Cele pro xlii coreis xxxiii d. ob.

Item de Willelmo Kadde pro xv coreis xii d.

Item de Johamie Kysse pro transgressione (?) iiii s.

Summa totius recepte iiii^ vii mr. iii s. v d. ob. q.

§ 25. An account of the custom on wool, woolfells, and /tides
exported from Bristol [22 April, I2çi] — [5 April, 12Ç2].

The form of this account is transitional, both the old form with
its days of the week and feasts of saints and the new with its
days of the month being used. Only four or five ship-loads of
hides, no wool at all, were taxed on exportation from Bristol
during the period.

Recepta Johannis Tyk' et Willehni Turtle recepta a coUec-
toribus domini regis apud BristoUum de lana coreis et peUibus
lanutis ab ^ Pascha anno regni Regis Edwardi xix usque ad festum
Pasche anno regni Regis Edwardi xx.'

> CèrrectioQ for o^ * MS., IL O., K. IL Customs, 136/4.

ANCIElfT CUSTOM OF izjj

247

In navi quod [sic] vocatur La Mariote de Chepestowe in qua
Philippus Rikelyn est raagister honorata fuerunt una lasta et viîi
dakes [sic] coreorum et di. de quibus bene solverunt die Martis
proximo post festum Exaltadonis Sancte Crucis anno supradicto

Summa xix s.

In eadem navi magistro qui prius honorati fuerunt viii dacres
et di. coreorum de quibus consuetudinem suam bene solverunt
eodem anno supradicto Summa v s. viii d.

In navi que vocatur Lanstyn de Bristello Philippo Rykelyn
magistro eiusdem iii laste et viii dacre honorati [sic] fuerunt de
quibus consuetudo fideliter soluta fuit secunda die mensis
Februarii finieniis Summa xlv s. iiii d.

In navi que vocatur Le Nicholas de Bristollo in qua Johannes
Kyfe est magister i lasta et di. et viii dacre coreorum de quibus
consuetudo fideliter soluta die Dominica proximo post festum
Sancti Grigorii Summa xxv s. iiii d.

In navi que vocatur La Johanette de Dingemue in qua Adam
de Tyngemuthe est magister vi laste et di, de quibus fuît con-
suetudo bene et fideliter soluta die Lune proximo post festum
Sancti Gregorii anno supradicto Summa £iiii vi s, viii d.

Summa £ix ii s.

§ 26. An account of the custom on wool, wool/ells, and hides
collected in the port of Bristol, 2Q September, 1321—28
September, 1J22,

It is noteworthy that out of ten ships leaving Bristol with
wool, woolfells, and hides nine belonged to the port of Bristol,

Compotus Johannis de Romeneye et Gilberti de Derby col-
lectomm custume lanarum coreorum et pellium lanutarum in
portu BristoUi a festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi
filii Regis Edwardi xv usque idem festum proximo sequensJ

In navi vocata La Nauanne de Bristollo unde Willehnus de
Hamptonia est magister quarto die Marcii anno supradicto =

I > MS., R, O.p K. R. Customs, 15/2.

* In the manuscript of this account the date precedes the In navi vocatur , « •
wnagijier.

248

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Johannes de Keynesham ii laste coriomm inde

Henricus le Shipman rviii dacre inde
Johannes Attewalle i lasta inde
WiDelmus Curteis ii laste v dacre inde
Waltenis Artheur i lasta v dacre inde
Johannes WithihilF vii dacre ii coria inde

cust. xxvi s. vîîî d.

cust, xii s.

cust. xiii s. iiiî d.

aist. XXX s.

cust. rvi s. \m d.

cust, iiii s. x d.

In na\â vocata La Katerine de Bristollo unde Johannes Slade
est magister vii die Marcii anno praedicto

Rogerus Turtle i saccus lane et di. inde cust. x s.

In navi vocata La Alifote de Bristollo unde Johannes de Hethe
est magister xii die Marcii

Hugo de Northwode de Hauerford vii sacci et di. et viii
petre inde cust, lii s. ob.

In navi vocata La Nicholas de Gemeseye unde Nicholaus
Leuesque est magister xxii die Marcii

Johannes de Romeseye v sacci di, et viii petre lane inde

cust. xxxviii s. viii d. ob.
Thomas de Sallop' iii dacre et di. inde cust, ii s. iiii d*

In navi vocata La Margarete de Bristollo unde Willelmus
Stephen est magister xviii die Mail anno predicto
Ricardus le White Ir[n]mongere i lasta inde

cust* xiii s. iiii d.
Willelmus Aubrei iii laste inde
Ricardus Harding^ ii laste di. inde
Petrus le Boytere iii laste inde
Johannes le Norman i lasta inde
Ricardus de Panes i lasta x\dii dacre inde
Willelmus Stephen di, lasta inde
Johannes Methelan Junior vii dacre inde

cust. iiii s, viii d.
cust, iiii s.
V pelles [lanute] inde

cust. vi s. iiii d. q,
Ricardus Harding' c xl pelles [lanute] inde

cust, lii s. i d. ob.
WiDemus Aubrey iiii sacd inde cust. ii mr.

cust. xl s,

cust. xxxiii s. iiii d.

cust, xl s.

cust. xiii s. iiii d.

cust. XXV s. iiii d,

cust. vi s. viii d.

Johannes de Otery vi dacre inde
Willelmus Aubrey cc iiii*

ANCIENT CUSTOM OP 1275

249

In navi vocata La Grace Dieu de Brîstollo unde Willelmus le
Kyng est magister ultimo die Augusti

Philippos le Wodeward xvi dacre inde cust. x s, vîîi d.

Thomas de Cheselbergh' ii laste inde cust. ii mr.

Gilbertus Fraunceis Junior xiii dacre inde

oust, viii s, viii d.
Johannes Attewall' xii dacre inde cust. viii s.

In navi vocata La Trinité Bristolli unde Nicholaus de Bowaile
est magister septimo die Septembris

Bemardus de la Wolde de BristoUo iiii sacci lane inde

cust ii mr.
In navi vocata La James Bristolli unde WiUelmus Rou est
magister

Thomas de Pennarch' iiii dacre iii coria inde

cust. ii s. xi d.

Johannes de Ka>Tiesham xv coria inde cust. xii d.

Petrus Faure v dacre inde cust. iii s. iiii d.

In navi vocata La Cog' Spirit de Bristollo imde Johannes

Gower est magister

Rogerus le Teslere xiii dacre li coria inde

cust viiis. ixd. ob.
In navi vocata La Nauanne de Bristollo unde Willelmus de
Hamptonia est magister

Ricardus de Well' î lasta iiii dacre inde cust. xvi s.

Willelmus Hayl di. lasta inde cust, dî. mr*

Henricus le Shipman i lasta inde cust, xiii s. iiiî d,

Johannes de Wythihiir i dacra di. inde cust. xii d.

Idem reddunt compotura de v s, viii d, receptis de exitu sigilli

quod dicitur coket de predîctis xxxiiii mercatoribus videlicet de

quolibet mercatore ii d,

Summa totalis coriorum ,

xxix laste x dacre ii coria probata
inde cust. £xix xiii s. v d. ob. probata
Summa totalis lanarum
xiii sacd iii petre probata
inde cust. £vii xiiii s, i d. q. probata

2SO

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Summa totalis pellium lamitaruBi

cccc XXV pelles probata

mde cust. ix s. v d, ob. probata
Summa exitus sigilli quod dicitur coket v s. viîî d.
Summa totalis recepte £xxviîî ii s viii d, q. probata

§ 27. An account of the ancient custom and an increment of the
samcy^ on wool, woolfelis, and hides exported from various
ports along the coast from Weymouth to Plymouth^ j Febru-
^ry, 1323^—29 April, 1324,

Although only part of the account is printed here, enough is
given to show the small amount of trade of these southern ports.
All the ships and apparently all the shippers were English.

The chief interest centers in the duties paid on the staple
exports of England. The custom is that of 1275. The subsidy,
granted by merchants not by parliament, was short-lived, ceasing
according to this account before 30 June, 1323, This subsidy,
or custom increment, shows the desire of the government to
repeat the experiment of 1303, this time, however, to include
denizens as well as aliens. Besides the custom and subsidy,*
there were the pro nomine mercatoris, due apparently as a fee for
recording the merchant's name (cocket fee), and the tronage, due
weighing for wool,

Compotus Thome Fartheyn et Henrici Louecok' collectorum
custume lanarum coriorum et pellium lanutarum in \TUa de
Waymoutha et inde per costeram maris usque Plymmoutham de
exidbus eiusdem custume a tercio die Februarii anno regni Regis
Edwardi sextodecimo usque ultimum diem Aprilis anno regni
eiusdem Regis Edwardi dedmo septimo,* Et de subsidio domino
regi concesso ut patet înferius,

Navis que vocatur La Johannete de Exemutha exivit xxx die
Mardi anno re^ Regis Edwardi xvi

' See also below, j 48 ^ p. 520. ' This is the new style reckoning.

* For the later custom and snbddy on wool, woolfeOs, and hides, see below.
Chapter XllI,

* MS-, R. 0,, K. R, Customs, 40/7» m. Ui.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OP 1275

251

luo Birch' carcavit in eadem î lastam et i dacram et ix coria

corionim unde cust. xiiii s, vïîî d.

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d*

Item de subsidio dictorum coriorum xiiii s* viii d.

Summa * totalis xxix s. vi d.

Navis que vocatur La Nicholas de Douere exivit id die Aprilis

anno supradicto

Nicholaus attar Yurd carcavit in eadem v saccas lane

unde cust xxxiii s. iiii d.

Item de subsidio eiusdem lane jocxiii s. iiii d*

Nicholaus Splyt carcavit in eadem iii saccos lane unde

cust XX s.
Item de subsidio eiusdem lane xx s.

Item pro tronagio dicte lane vfii d.

Item pro nomimbus mercatorum iiii d,

Summa totalis c vil s* viii d.

Navis que vocatur La Johannete de Dertemutha exivit ^diii die

Aprilis anno sapradicto

Stephanus Aleyn carcavit in eadem i lastam coriorum di,

unde cust, xx s.

Item de subsidio dictorum coriomm xx s.

Henricus de Wyke carcavit in eadem i lastam et di. coriorum

unde cust. xx s.

Item de subsidio dictorum coriomm xx s.

Item pro nominibus mercatorum iiii d.

Summa totalis £iiii iiii d.
Navis que vocatur La Welifare de Lym exivit ultimo die Junii
anno supradicto
Willelmus Barry carca\it in eadem ii saccos lane et di. unde

cust. xvi s. viii d.
Et nichil de subsidio quia cessatum est per breve dictis

collectoribus directum
Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Item pro tronagio dicte lane ii d»

Summa totalis xvii s-

^ The word probaia h found in the maigm opposite summa htidis wherever it
occurs m this accounÊ.

252 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Navis que vocatur La Cog Notre Dame de Bryxam ezivit v die

Augusti anno regni Regis Edwardi septimo dedmo

Ricardus Gordoun carcavit in eadem xv dacras coriorum

unde cust. x s.

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Summa totalis x s. ii d.

Navis que vocatur La Godhyer de Teynghemutha exivit x die

Augusti anno supradicto

Robertus ûlius Willelmi de Chestre carcavit in eadem viii

petras lane imde cust. ii s. et ob.

Item pro tronagio dicte lane i d.

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Simima totalis ii s. iii d. et ob.
Navis que vocatur La Welifar de Lym exivit xiii die Augusti
anno supradicto
Thomas attar Haps carcavit in eadem xxii saccos lane unde

cust. £vii vi s. viii d.
Johannes Lyuerlas carcavit in eadem ix saccos lane et di.
imde cust. Ixui s. iiii d.

Adam Vode carcavit in eadem iii saccas lane imde

cust. XX s.
Willelmus Barry carcavit in eadem iii saccos lane unde

cust. XX s.

Willelmus le Sopere carcavit in eadem di. saccum lane

unde cust. iii s. iiii d.

Nicholaus attar Yurd carcavit in eadem iii saccos lane

unde cust. xx s.

Edwardus Robe carcavit in eadem vi saccos lane unde

cust. xl s.
Item pro tronagio dicte lane iii s. xi d.

Item pro nominibus mercatorum xiiii d.

Summa totalis £xv xviii s. v d.
Navis que vocatur Le James de Teynghemutha exivit viii die
Septembris anno supradicto

Nicholaus atte Crosse carcavit in eadem ii dacras coriorum

unde cust. xvi d.

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Summa totalis xviii d.

ANCIENT CUSTOM OF 1275

Navis que vacatur La James de Teynghemutha exivit ix die

Septembris anno supradicto
Jordanus Ilberd carcavit in eadem iiii dacras corionim di.
unde cost, iii s.

Item pro nomine mercatoris îî d.

Summa totalis iii s, ii d,

Navis quae vocatur La Roude Cok' de Exemoutha exivit xii die

Septembris anno supradicto

Thomas le Forbour carcavit in eadem xiii dacras coriorum

unde cust. viii s. viii d.

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Summa totalis viii s* x d.
Na\^s que vocatur La Cog' Nostre Dame de Lym exivit xvi die
Septembris anno supradicto
Henricus Michel carcavit in eadem xvi petras lane unde cust<

iiii s. i d. et q.
Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Item pro tronagio î d.

Summa totalis iiii s. îîii d, et q.

Navis que vocatur La Cog Seynt Andreu de Teynghemutha

exivit xxiii die Septembris anno supradicto

Henricus de Rocombe carcavit in eadem di, lastam coriorum

unde cust. vi s. viii d,

Robertus Boterel carcavit in eadem ii dacras coriorum

unde cust. xvi d,

_ Item pro nominibus mercatorum iiii d.

Summa totalis viii s, iiii d*

Tavîs que vocatur La Gaynghebien de Teynghemutha exivit

XX die Januarii anno supradicto

Johannes de Bouy carcavit in eadem di. lastam coriorum

unde cust. vi s. vui d.

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Summa totalis vi s. x d.

Navis que vocatur La Johanete de Teynghemutha exivit

ultimo die Januarii anno supradicto

Gilbertus in the Combe carcavit in eadam i lastam coriorum

unde cust. xiii s. iiii d.

254 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Item pro nomine mercatons

Summa totalis xui s. vi d
Sequitur in tergo de eodem compote

i 28.

Two accaunls of the ancient custom on wool^ woolfeUs^ and

hides exported from Weymouth, Plymouth^ eic., 30 April,

1324—25 May, 1326.

The small amount of the staple goods of England exported by

denizens during this period is noteworthy* These documents

should be compared with those of the new custom (§ 39)^ for the

same district and period. One due is listed as so-much "for the

name of the merchant.'' This was the cocket fee,'

Compotus Thome Fartheyn et Henrici Louecok coUectorum
antique custume laoamm coriorum et pellium lanutarum in villa
de Waymoutha et inde in onmibus lodsper cousteram maris usque
Plymmoutham de exitibus eiusdem custume ab ultJino die ApriHs
anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi dedmo septimo
usque festum SancU Michaelis anno regni eiusdem Regis Edwardi
dedmo octavo et ab eodem festo Sancti Michaelis usque xv diem
Aprilis proximo sequentem videlicet de quolibet sacco lane di,
marca et de quolibet lasto coriorum i marca et de quibuslîbet ccc
pellibus lanutis di. marca.*

Navis que vocatur La Grace Deu de Teynghemutha exîvît
xxLX die JuMi anno regni Regis Edwardi xviîi ^

Robertus Pers carcavit in eadem viii dacras coriorum unde

cust, v s. liii d.
item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Summa totalis vs. vi d.
Navis que vocatur La Cog Notre Dame de Lym exîvît xvi die
August! anno regni Regis Edwardi xviii

Thomas attar Abs carcavit in eadem xxiî saccos et vii

daves lane unde cust £vii viîî s. \'i d.

Johannes Lyuerlasz carcavit in eadem viii saccos lane unde

cust liii s. iiii d.

^ See above, pp. 145-144. > The word cakii occurs in the maigtn.
* MS.p R. O., K. R. Customs, 40/75.

item pro tronagio eiusdem lane, videlicet de quolibet
sacco id. ii s. vi d.

item, de exitibus sigilli quod vocatur cokettum iîîî d.

Summa iaialis £x iiii s. viii d.

De custuma pellium lanutarum per predictum tempos non
respondent quia nulle pelles lanute dictum portum exierunt per
idem tempus ut didtur Summa totalis £x x s. ii d»

Compotus Thome Fartheyn et Henrîd Louecok* collectorum
custume lanamm coreorum et pellium lanutarum in \'illa de
Waymoutha et ab iride per costeram maris usque Plymmoutham
de exitibus eiusdem custume a xv die Aprilis anno regni Regis
Edwardi xviii usque xxvi diem mensis Mali amio regni eiusdem
regis xix videlicet de quolibet sacco lane di. marca et de quolibet
lasto coriorum i marca et de quibuslibet ccc pellibus lanutis di.
marca.

Navis que vocatur Le Michel de Exemutha exivit xxv die
August! anno xix

Elias de Hemmeston* carcavit in eadem iii dacras di. cori-
orum unde cust. ii s. iiii d-
Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.
Summa totalis ii s. vi d. Inde de exitu sîgilli îî d.
Navis que vocatur La Godyer de Oter>Tnoutha exivit xiîi die
Martii anno xix

Thomas Jacob carcavit in eadem xvi dacras coriorum unde

cust, X s. viiî d,

Willelmus de Crystonwa carcavit in eadem î lastam coriorum

unde cust, i mr.

Item pro nominibus mercatorum iiii d.

Summa totalis xxiiii s. iiii d. Inde de exîtu sigilli iiii d.

Na\îs que vocatur Le Cog* Seynt Johan* de la Bury exivit

xrv die Martii anno predicto

Galfridus Veale carcavit in eadem vi dacras di. coriorum

unde cust. nil s. iiii d.

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Sum ma totalis iiii s* vu d. Inde de exitu sigilli ii d.

256 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Navis que vocatur La Mai;garete de Hoke ezivit primo die
Aprilis anno zix

Ricardus Polrican carcavit in eadem i lastam corionim unde

cust. xiii s. iiii d.

Johannes de Nywaton' carcavit in eadem i lastam coriorum

unde cust. xiii s. iiii d.

Allexander Waleys carcavit in eadem di. lastam coriorum

unde cust. vi s. viii d.

Idem Allexander carcavit in eadem xxx pelles lanutas unde

cust iiii d.
Item pro nominibus mercatorum viii d.

Summa totalis xxxiiii s. viii d. Inde de coketto viii d.

Navis que vocatur La Neof Seynt Andreu de Hamele exivitvi
die Aprilis anno xix

Willelmus le Brywere carcavit in eadem xvii dacras coriorum

unde cust. xi s. iiii d. probata

Item pro nomine mercatoris ii d.

Summa totalis xi s. vi d. Inde [de] coketto ii d.

Summa corionun v laste xiii dacre inde cust Ixxv s. iiii d.

Summa pellium xxx inde cust. iiii d.

Summa exitus sigilli xviii d.

Summa totalis Ixxvii s. ii d. probata

CHAPTER DC

THE NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

The new custom, instituted in 1303, lasted down to modern
times.* It imposed a duty upon all goods exported or imported
by aliens. In some instances the duties were specific as in the
case of w^ax, wine, certain kinds of cJoth;^ wool, woolfells, and
Mdes. Other commodities bore an ad valorem or poundage rate.

Like the custom of 1275, this custom of 1503 was called *' new/'
Like the custom of 1275, this of 1303 was also national from first
to last.»

The documents that follow include the charter that established
the new system and many accounts that illustrate its working.
The new custom of 1303 is found merged into later groups, set
forth in various chapters below, the petty custom (Chapter XI) ^
the custom and subsidy (Chapter XIV), and the consolidated
customs and subsidies (Chapter XV).

§ 29. The charter ef liberties granted lo foreign merchants which
established lite nrw custofn an all goods exported or imported
by aliens^ i February, 1303.*

This well-known document is included here because it is so
important for the history of the customs and because a more
reliable version is desirable. As far as aliens were concerned,
a complete system of import and export duties was established
by this charter. All aliens* wares were henceforth subject to
duty.

* Sec above, p. 71,

» For cloth duties, see also below, Chapters X, XI, XIÎ, XIV, and XV.

■ With the possible exception of one part of the cxislora of 1305, the wine custom,
later called ** bu tie rage/* which like the local and the senû-nadonal cuatoms was
granted out to private persons. Sec above, p. 46, n. 10.

* More accurately, i Feb. 1302-05.

2S8

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

The custom later called ** butlerage " is set forth in this docu*
ment though it is not so named.^ It was a duty of 2 s, per tun to be
paid by aliens on imported wine in lieu of the old prise to which
denizens, however, continued to be subject. It should be noted
that this wine custom was first brought into being, not by the
CaHa Mercaioria but by the charter granted to the merchants of
Aquitaine a short time before, August, 1302.* The Carlu Merca-
ioria, nevertheless, extended the duty to ail alien merchants,

TMs matter of wine custom illustrates a point of general
interest. The Carta Mercaioria should be read parallel with the
charter of the Aquitaine merchants, which is apparently the
prototype followed.

The poundage of 3 d. per £ ^ instituted by this document, was, I
believe, never oflSciaUy called a " poundage,'* the poundage
subsidy of a later date taking the exclusive right to this appela-
tion. As a matter of fact, even this poundage grant of 1303 was
not the first, for John's fifteenth was in reality, if not in name, an
ad valorem duty.

Since this document is dealt with in the earlier part of this
work,* only a few points more need to be mentioned. In form a
charter, the document purports to be an agreement between two

^ The phrase nova cmtuma mnmum is tedinically the correct one. At a later date
we find this wine custom called ûniiqua cusiuma . . . wmi. MS., R. O-, K- R-
Customs, 36/s (1535-1536). See above» p. 45, below, p. 399.

* Calendar of Charier Rolls, ui (1500-1326), pp. 39-31. Red Book of the
Exchequer J iii, pp. 1060-1064,

' This was an ad valorem duty of 3 d. per pound value and not 3 d. per pound
u*eighl as Sir James H. Ramsay maintains.

** The actual manuscript accounts of the Receivers," be says, " leave no doubt
that both the original 3 d. and the subsequent enhancements of the duty were levied
on the lb. weight, just as all the other duties (granted by the Carta were levied
not on the value but on the quantity, the sack, the last, the barrel, the piece of
doth. The Caria specially disclaims any valuation or appraisement by the king's
officers." English nisiorkûl Review, xxvl, p, 433 n. (1911), Cf. ffrwf.^ p. 98. The
accounts published below refute this statement in almost every Line. They record
the value and then the custom of 3 d. per pound value. The error of Sir James may
be in part explained by a failure to appreciate the fact that libra was used to express
not only a pound by weight but also a pound (20 s.) in value (tibrata). It is of course
only fair to state that in several other places Sir James gives the orthodox and cor-
rect rendering of the documenL

* Sec above, pp* 66-70, 136-138.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OP 1303

259

parties, the king and foreign merchants. All foreign traders were
on their part to pay the new custom and in return they were to
have certain privileges, for example, royal protection, freedom
from certain specific local tolls, murage, pontage, and pavage
(but not cusiuma ville), and the privilege of selling in large quan-
tities * to other aliens as well as to denizens. The exact extent to
which the merchants were permitted by local influences to enjoy
these and other similar benefits granted cannot now, however, be
reckoned. Certainly the merchants received something short of
the full measure of the grant.

Pro mercatoribus alienigenis de liber tatibus eis concessis: *

Rex Archiepiscopis et ceteris salutem, (2) Circa bonum
statum omnium mercatorum subscriptomm regnorum terrarum
et pro\inciarum videlicet Alemannie Frande Ispanie Portu-
galie Navarre Lumbardie Tuscie Provincie Cathalonie ducatus
nostri Aqui tannic Tholosanie Caturtinii Flandrie Brebantie et
omnium aliamm terrarum et locorum extraneorum quocumque
nomine censeantur veniencium in regnum nostrum Anglie et
ibidem conversandum nos precipua cura solidtat qualiter sub
nostro dominio tranquillitatis et plene securitatis immunitas

* '* Id grosao *' is more accurately rendered " m large quantitica " tban " whole»
sale/' because the sale was not only to retaHccs but also to consumers who were able
to buy in quantity, such as the nobility.

' MS,, R, 0., Fine Roll, 31 Ed. I, memb. 16 (i Feb,, 1302-03). For various
manuscripts and printed copies, see Hohlbaum, Hamisches Urkundenbuch, ii,
p. 15. An imperfect copy is to be found in Hall, Htsiory of ih Cuslom-Revenue in
England, i, pp, 202-20S. A weE-known version called Siaiuium de Nova Custuma is
found in Liber Cusiumarumt i, pp* 205-211 j but the best-known is Rymer's {Fmdera^
etc, ii, pt. ii, pp. 747-748), a later and therefore less authentic source. It is sur-
prising to find that Stubbs (CfmHiiuiiona! Hishry of England, ii, p. 552) refers
chiefiy to the Rymer version. With Rymer^s should be compared that b the
Rùtuli Pûrliamentorunii vi, pp. 66-6S, which is an imperfect and later {Edward IV)
re-issue of the charter.

The document here published is contemporary, as bdeed is the one enrolled on
the Charter Rolls and printed by Hale, Concerning the Customs of Goods Imporîtd
and Exported, pp. 157-160 (Hargrave, A Cotkcticn of Tracts relative to the Law of
England t i). Sec above, p. 6.

Translations of this charter are to be found in Bland ^ Brown, and Tawney»
English Economic History: Select Documents^ pp. 211-216, and in official reports
such as Cusktms Tories of the United Kingàorn^from 18OO to i8çf, pp, 133-135.

26o

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

eisdem mercatoribus futuris temporibus preparetur nt itaqtic
vota îpsorum reddantur ad nostra et regm nostri servida promp-
dora îpsorum petidonibus favorabîliter annuentes et pro statu
eorndem plenios assccurando m forma que sequitur ordinantes
sub scripta dictis mercatoribus pro nobis et heredibus nostris
Lmperpetuum duximus concedenda. (3) In primis videlicet quod
omnes mercatores dictorum regnonim et terrarum salvo et secure
sub tuitione et protectîone nostra in dictum regnum nostrum
Anglie et ubique infra postestatem nostram alibi veniant cum
mercandisis suis quibuscumque de muragio pontagio et pavagio
Uberi et quieti quodque infra idem regnum et potestatem nos-
tram in civitatibus burgis et villis mercatoriis possint mercari
dumtaxat in grosso tarn cum indigenis seu incolis eiusdem regni
et potestatis nostre predicte quam cum alienigenis extraneis vel
privatis ita tamcn quod merces que vulgaritur mercerie vocantur
ac spedes minutatim veodi possint prout antea fieri consuevit et
quod omnes predict! mercatores mercandisas suas quas ipsos ad
prediclum regnum et potestatem nostram adducere seu infra
idem regnum et potestatem nostram emere vel alicis adquirere
contigerit possint quo voluerint tarn infra regnum et potestatem
nostram predictam quam extra ducere seu portare facere preter-
quam ad terras manlfestorum et notoriorum hosdum regni nostri
solvendo consuetudines quas debebunt \inis dumtaxat exceptis
que de eodem regno seu potestate nostra postquam infra idem
regnum seu potestatem nostram ducta fuerint sine voluntate
nostra et licenda spedali non liceat eis educere quoquo modo.

(4) Item quod predict! mercatores in civitatibus burgis et villis
predictis pro voluntate sua hospitari valeant et morari cum bonis
suis ad gratum ipsorum quorum fuerint hospida sive domus.

(5) Item quod quiiibet contractus per ipsos mercatores cum
quibuscumque personis undecumque fuerint super quocumque
genere mercandise initus firmus sit et stabilis ita quod neuter
mercatorum ab illo contractu possit discedere vel resilire post-
quam denarius Dd inter prindpaJes personas contrahentes datus
fuerit et receptus, (6) Et si forsan super contractu huiusmodi
contendo oriatur fiat inde probado aut inquisitio secundum usus
et consuetudines feriarum et villarum ubi dictum contractum

I
I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

261

fieri contigerit et iniri. (7) Item promittimus prefatis mer-
catoribus pro nobis et heredibus nostris imperpetuum conce-
dentés quod nuUam prisam vel arestacionem seu dilacionem
occasione prise decetero de mercimoniis mercandisis seu aliis
bonis suis per nos vel a!ium seu alios pro aliqua necessitate vel
casu contra voluntatem ipsorum mercatorum aliquatenus facie-
mus aut fieri patiemur nisi statim soluto precio pro quo ipsî
mercatores aliis huiusmodi mercimonia vendere possint vel els
alias stalisfactio ita quod reputent se contentos et quod super
mercimonia mercandisas seu bona ipsorum per nos vel ministros
nostros nulla appredado aut estimado imponetur. (8) Item
volumus quod omnes ballivi et minis tri feriarum civitatum bur-
gorum et viUarum mercatoriarum mercatoribus antedictis con-
querentibus coram eis celerem justiciam faciant de die in diem
sine dilatione secundum legem mercatoriam de universis et
singulis que per eandem legem poterunt termînari» (9) Et si
forte inveniatur defectus in aliquo ballivorum vel ministrorum
predictorum unde iîdem mercatores vel eorum aliquis diladonis
incommoda sustinuerint vel sustinuerît licet mercator versus
partem in prindpali recuperaverit dampna sua nichilominus
balli\Tis vel minister alius versus nos prout delictum exigît
puniatur et punicionem istam concedimus in favorem mercatorum
predictorum pro eorum justida maturanda. (lo) Item quod in
omnibus generibus placitorum salvo casu crimînis pro quo infli-
genda sit pena mortis ubi mercator implacitatus fuerit vel alium
iraplacitaverit cuiuscumque condicionis idem implacitatus exti-
terit extraneus vel privatus in nundims civitatibus sive burgis
ubi fuerit sufficiens copia mercatorum predictarum terramm et
inquisicio fieri debeat sit medietas inquisicionis de eisdem mer-
catoribus et medietas altera de aliis probis et legalibus hominibus
lod illius ubi placitum illud esse contigerit et si de mercatoribus
dictarum terrarum numerus non inveniatur sufficiens ponantur
in inquisicione ilîi qui idonei invenientur ibidem et residui sint de
aliis bonis hominibus et idoneis de lods in quibus pladtum illud
erit. (11) Item volumus ordînamus et statuimus quod in qualibet
villa mercatoria et feria regnl nostrî predict! et alibi infra potes-
tatem nostram pondus nostrum in certo ioco ponatur et ante

262

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

ponderadonejii statera in presencia emptoris et venditoris vacua
videatur et quod brachia smt equalia et extunc ponderator pon-
deret in equali et cum stateram posuerit in equali statim amoveat
manus suas ita quod remaneat in equali quodque per totum
regnum et potestatem nostram unum sit pondus et una mensura
et signe standard! nostri signentur et quod quilibet possit habere
stateram unius quarteroni et infra ubi contra dominuna lod aut
Iibertatem per nos seu antecessores nostros concessam illud non
fuerit sive contra villarum aut ferianina consuetudinem hactenus
observatam, (12) Item volumus et concedimus quod aUquis
certus homo fidelis et discretus Londome residens assignetur
Justidarius mercatoribus memoratis coram quo valeant spedaliter
pladtare et débita sua recuperare celeriter si vicecomites ct
majores eis non facerent de die in diem céleris justide comple-
mentum et iode fiat commissio extra cartam presentem concessa
mercatoribus antedictis sdlicet de hiis que sunt inter mercatores
et mercatores secundum legem mercatoriam deducenda. (13)
Item ordinamus et statuimus et ordinacionem iJIam statutumque
pro nobis et heredibus nostris imperpetuum volumus firmiter
observari quod pro quacumque libertate quam nos vel heredes
nostri decetero concedemus prefati mercatores subscriptas liber-
tates vel earum aliquam non amittant, (14) Pro supradictis
autem libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus optinendis et prisis
nostris remittendis dsdem sepedicti mercatores universi et singuli
pro se et omnibus aliis de partibus suis nobis concorditer et
unanimiter concesserunt quod de quolibet dolio vini quod addu-
cent vel adduci fadent infra regnum vel potestatem nostram et
unde marinariis freitum solvere tenebuntur solvent nobis et
heredibus nostris nomine custume duos solidos ultra antiquas
custumas débitas et in denariis solvi consuetas nobis aut aliis infra
quadraginta dies postquam extra naves ad terram posita fuerint
dicta vina. (15) Item de quolibet sacco lane quern dicti merca-
tores aut alii nomine ipsorum ement et de regno nostro educent
aut emi et edud fadent solvent quadraginta denarios de incre-
mento ultra custumam antiquam dimidie marce que prius fuerat
persoluta et pro lasto coriorum extra regmun et potestatem
nostram vehendomm dimidiam marcam supra id quod ex anti-

NEW CUSTOM OF jjoj

263

qua custuma antea solvebatur et similiter de trescentis pelUbiis
lanutis extra regniim et potestatem nostram ducendis quadraginta
denarios ultra certum ilJud quod de an tiqua custuma fuerat prius
datum. (16) Item duos solides de qualibet scarleta et panne
tincto in grano, (17) Item decern et octo denarios de quolibet
panne in que pars grani fuerit intermixta. (i8) Item duededm
denarios de quolibet panne alio sine grano, (19) Item duededm
denarios de quolibet cere quintallo, {20) Cumque de prefatîs
mercatoribus nen nulli eorum alias exerceant mercandisas ut de
averio ponderis et de aliis rebus subtilibus sicut de pannis Tarsen-
[sibus] ^ de serico de cindatis ^ de seta et aliis diversîs merdbus et
de equis etîam ac aliis animalibus blade et aliis rebus et mercan-
disis multimedis que ad certam custumam facile poni non pote*
nmt iidem mercatores concesserunt dare nobis et heredibus
nostris de qualibet libra argenti estimadonis seu valeris rerum
et mercandisarum huiusmodi quocumque nomine censeantur très
denarios de libra in introitu rerum et mercandisarum ipsorum '
in regnum et potestatem nostram predictam infra \îginti dies
postquam huiusmodi res et mercandise in regnum et potestatem
nostram * adducte et eciam ^ ibidem exonerate seu vendite
fuerint et similiter très denarios de qualibet libra argenti in
eductione quarumcumque rerum et mercandisarum huiusmodi
emptanim in regno et potestate nostra predictis ultra custumas
antiquas nobis aut aliis ante datas. (21) Et super valore et
estimadone rerum et mercandisarum huiusmodi de quibus très
denarii de qualibet libra argenti sicut predidtur sunt solvendi
credatur ds per literas quas de dominis aut sodis suis ostendere
poterunt et si literas non habeant stetur in hac parte ipsorum
mercatonun si présentes fuerint vel valettorura suorum in

' " TaiteDÎs " in Xi&rr Ciistumarum, i, p. 209.

* Hale has **diidalb/* perhaps correctly.

* '* Ipsarum " in Hohlbauro, Bûmischn Vrkundenbuch^ ii^ p, 18, in Reiner,
Fœderat etc, ii, pt. iî, p. 748» and in Hall, History of the Custom-Revenue in England^
i, p. 207,

* All the words from ** piaedlctam infra " to " potestatem nostram ^' are omitted
in Rymer's version, and in the reprints of R3nner. The eye of the copyist doubtless
jumped from one " potestatem nostram ■ ' to the other. For further variations in
this passage sec Liber Custumarum, i, p. 210*

' Almost illegible. Not b Rymer.

264

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

eomndem mercatorum absencia juraraentîs. (22) Liceât
insuper sodis de sodetate mercatomm predictorum infra
regnum et potestatcm nostram predictara lanas vendere aliis
sodis suis * et similiter emere ab eisdem absque custuma solvenda.
(23) Ita tamen quod dicte lane ad tales m anus non deveniant
quod custuma nobis débita defraudemur. (24) Et preterea est
sdendum quod postquam sepedicti mercatores semel in uno loco
infra regnum et potestatem nostram custumam nobis concessam
superius pro mercandisis suis in forma solverint supradicta et
suum habeant inde warantum erunt liberi et quieti in omnibus
aliis lods infra regnum et potestatem nostrani predictam de
solucione custume huiusmodi pro eisdem mercandisis seu mer-
dmoniis per idem warantum sive huiusmodi mercandise infra
regnum et potestatem nostram remaneant sive exterius defer-
antur exceptis vinis que de regno et potestate nostra predictis
sine voluntate et licenda nostra sicut predictura est nullatenus
educantur. (25) Volumus autem ac pro nobis et heredibus
nostris concedimus quod nulla exactio prisa vel prestado aut
aliquod aliud opus super personas mercatorum predictorum
mercandisas seu bona eomndem aliquatenus imponatur contra
formam expressam superius et concessam. (26) Hiis tesUbus
venerabilibus patribus Roberto Cantuariensi Arcliiepiscopo
todus Anglie primate Waltero Couentrensi et Lychefeldensi
Episcopo Henrico de Lacy Comité Lincolnie Humfrido de
Bohun Comité Herefordie et Essexie ac Constabulario Anglie
Adomaro de Valenda Galfrido de Geynuill' Hugone le Despenser
Waltero de Bello Campo Senescallo hospicii nostri Roberto de
Bures et alîls. (27) Data per manum nostram apud Wyndesoram
primo die Februarîi.

§ 30. A summary account of the new custom on wool, woolfeUs^

and hides; cloth and max; and goods subject to th^ poundage;

exported or imported by aliens, Ipswich^ 10 February,

ijoj^ — 31 March, IJ04,

This is but a fragment of an enrolled customs account, one of the

earliest indeed to be found. In fact it is only from 10 Februaty,

* The word " suis " is omitted in Hall, found in Rymcr,

* More accumteîy, 10 Fcb>, 1302-03.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1^3

265

1303 onward, that customs records exist in great nm
rolled or not enrolled. Only the first half of the accoii
printed, that is, from the inception of the custom to Iiie4

[fiscal year» 28 September, 1303. The receipts for the!

I the account, 29 September, 1303 to i April, 1304, amounl to£k
6^. sd. The total receipts for the whole period are £171 s^tf.
Paid into the treasury £127 i6s. It is to be noted tint dir
distinction between the new and the ancient custom, as set farth
in the Carta Mcrcatùria, is here clearly and repeatedly staled.

Compotus Thome S lace de Gippe^^âco unius cuslodtfli
custume provenientis de lanis pellibus lanutis coriis et
mercandisiis mercatorum extraneorum ultra antiquam
regi concesse in xiUa de Gippe\\ico ct in singulis lods
costeram maris usque ad caput Tamisie pro se et
altero custode eiusdem custume de exitibus eiusdem
txune a x die Februarii anno xxxi usque primum dj
anno xxxii antequam rex assignaret Nicholaum le Ck
Thomam le Rente loco predictorum Thome et Rjcai
predictam custumam recipiendam et custodiendam per
regis patens \ddeîicet de ultimo dimidio anno xxn tL
dimidio anno xxxii J

Ultimus dimidius annus xxxi

lidem reddunt compotum de £xxxix xiiis. viiicL ofet.
nova custuma cc xxxviii saccorum iii petrarum lane ^
merca tores cxtranei et alienigeni educi fecerunt extra
predicto portu Gippewici a predicto x die FebniarS
usque festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens
xxxi finiente sicut continetur in rotulo de particulîs
in thesauro videlicet de quolibet sacco xl d. de incT<
antiquam custumam dimidie marce que prius fiiermt
in forma annotata in compote Richardi de Refham ct
suorum collector urn consimilis nove custume in
donie* Et de îii s. îiii d. de nova custuma CCC peUhnii;
in eodem portu eductarum extra regnum per mercator»

* MS., R. O., EnfoUed Accounts, Exchequer, L.T- R-, CmHWi, 1^^

268

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De eodem pro iiii pannis tirteyne pro ii pannis sine grano
computatis u s.

De Augero de Houtroys pro xii pannis sine grano lii s.

De Stephano de Markes pro cccc cere iiii s.

De Willelmo Colyn pro xvi pannis sine grano xvi s.

De Johanne le Engleys pro xl pannis sine grano xl s.

De Eigidio Panne de Popering' pro ix pannis sine grano

ix s.
De Nicholao de Ceres pro xxiii quintallis cere xxiii s.

De Egidio de Bonyng' pro i panno sine grano xii d.

De Lamberto Boley de Gysnes pro i panno sine grano

xii d.

De Johanne de Bonyng' pro ii pannis sine grano ii s.

Summa * cere xxix quintalU di. qr.

Summa denariorum custume xxix s. i d. ob.

Summa pannorum scarlettarum xii

Summa denariorum custume xxiiii 5<

Summa pannorum in quibus pars grard etc, vii

Summa denariorum custume x s. vi d.

Summa pannorum sine grano ccc iiii** ii

Summa denariorum custume £xix ii s.

Custuma averii ponderis et aliarum mercium per loca predicta

in regnum adductorum anno xxxi

De Martino Vyncent de Hispannia pro xviii libratis race-

morum iiii s. vi d.

De Guidone de Arundel de Roan pro xxiii libratis magnanim

nudum v s. îx d.

De eodem pro viii libratis wadii ii s.

De Arnaldo Reym' de Vyla pro Ixx libratis amigdalorum

ficorum et racemorum xvii s, vi d.

De Johanne de Burdegal' pro c kxviii libratis alume mellis

ficorum rys et aliarum merdum xliiii s. vi d.

De Garcia Arnaud pro iiii'"' xiii libratis ficorum racemomm

dattylorum et coriomm de Cyuyle xxiii s. iii d.

De Martino de Berrio pro diii libratis amigdalorum ficorum

et peletrie xxvi s.

^ These totals are bracketed probata.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

269

De Amato de Eure pro bdi libratis ficorum xv s. vi d.

De Bidaldo de Orte pro xxiiii libratis ficorum vi s,

De Stephano Domyngo pro lii libratis grani mellis pelUum

cunlculonmi et coriorum de Cyuile xïiî s.

De Johanne Blaunk' pro iiii'"^ iiii libratis ficorum et amigda-

lorum xxi s.

De Re>Tfnondo de Subyste pro xviii libratis x soldatis ficorum

et racemomm Uii s. vii d. ob.

De Simone de Ardyngburgh' pro xx soldatis baterie iii d.
De Berthrammo de Mark' pro I soldatis pelUum cunicu-

lonim viid. ob.

De WiUelmo Tniel de Axle pro xx soldatis turbarum iii d.
De Manuele de Genewe pro cc xl libratis alume Ix s.

De Henrico Dansk5m pro xx soldatis pellium agnorum iii d.
De Crîstîano filio Willelmi pro xl soldatis send vi d.

De Waltero Keyser pro c xviii soldatis turbarum et allecii

xvii d. ob. q.
De Johamie Seffran de Lubek/ pro box Ubratis opens bissi

xvii s. iii d.
De Radulpho de Anmdel de Roan pro vi libratis pannorum

de b3rfle et canevacii xviii d.

De Katerina de Bregg' pro Ix soldatis ceparum ix d.

De Johanne de Sl>T}edam pro 1 soldatis turbarum vii d. ob.
De Domingo de Subist' pro xxx soldatis discorum et pichero-

rum terre de malyk' iiii d. ob.

De Johamie Beleu de Paris pro lii libratis x soldatis seffrane

xiii s* i d. ob.
De Henrico de Braban pro xx libratis wadii v s.

De Johanne Woker de Abeuyle pro x libratis cepanmi

ii s. vi d.
De Gregorio de la Porte pro xl libratis plumbi x s.

De Bernardo Maylokyn pro i navi ad £x xiiis» iiiid. estî-

mata îi s. viiii d.

De Gobino Peyteuyn pro Ix soldatis allearum ix d.

De Gaillardo de Leryson pro xxx libratis lane Hisparmie

et ligni ad arcus vii s. vi d.

De Salomone Bette pro xx soldatis parvarum quiltarum

uid

270

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De WîUelmo de Puch* de Burdegalîa pro vii libratis x soldatis
plmnamm xxii d. ob.

De Eustachio de Mustrel pro iiiî libratis cardonum xîi d.

De Petro Andrée pro x\n libratis mellis et sepi Uii s. iii d.

De Reimimdo de Rokan pro xlviii libratis ferri lane His-
pannie xiî s.

De Martino de Lobard pro x libratis seffrane ii s. vi d.

De Gobyno Peyteuyn pro Ixviii libratis wadii xvii s.

De Petro Bern' de Hulst pro xl soldatis tegulanim Flandrie

vid.

De Nicholao de Ceres pro xx libratis pellium cunicalomm

vs.
Douorria:

De Moyse de Wytsand pro xx soldatis caligamm iîî d.

De Waltero Lokyn de Sancto Omero pro xl libratis cali-
gamm et bresil x s.

De Johanne le Moigne de Gisnes pro xxiiii libratis caligamm

vis-

De Hugone Daunce pro vi libratis caligamm xviil d.

De Epdio de Bonyng* pro xl soldatis piscium vî d.

De Johanne de Hodyngham pro Ix soldatis caUgamm ix d.

De Johanne de Bonynge pro 1 soldatis tapetorum piperis et
bultellorum vîi d. ob.

De Ricardo le Engleys pro xv libratis bogye îii s. L\ d.

De Johanne de Wadyngton' pro xlviii soldatis caligamm

vii d. q.

De Lamberto Boleys pro xxxii libratis caligamm viii s.

De Lamberto le Ram pro c x soldatis caEgarum xvî d, ob.

De Bartholomeo Myral pro x libratis caligarum ii s. vî d.

De Castelano de Hispannia pro vîi libratis nucium musca-
tarum xxi d.

De Johanne Spallard pro xiiii libratis caligamm iii s. vi d.

De Johanne Pok' pro xix libratis caligamm iiii s. ix d.

De Waltero de Sancto Omero pro xx soldatis mamib[r]iomm
et cxiltellomm iii d.

De Waltero de Tomay pro vi libratis zonarum de serico et
laqueorum xviH d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

171

De Punchino delà Stryne pro xl libratis sargiarum sandalU

et tek Uncle x s.

De Henrico de Somere pro viii Ebratis x soldatis caligamm

ii s, id. ob.
De Johanne de Meignerye pro iiii*^ libratis seffrane piperis

et aliarum spedemm xx s.

De Willelmo de Kacch' pro Iv soldatis caligarum viii d. q.
De Willelmo Cok' pro c x soldatis [ — —J xvi d, ob.

De Ricardo Runcyn pro c Ixi libratis x soldatis send sandalli

velaminis etc. xl s. iiii d. ob.

De Petro de Vye pro cc libratis piperis sandalli et serid 1 s.
De Petro de la M>Tje pro x libratis galingal' ii s. vi d.

De Petro de la Brwe pro xiii libratis allute iii s, iii d.

De Garda de Castello Florent^iio pro c vi libratis serid et

sandalli xxvis. vi d.

De Betyno le Rous pro Ixii libratis amigdolarum allute et

alîanim mercium ' x\^ s. vî d.

De Johanne de Wadynton' pro bdii soldatis caligarum

ixd. ob.
De Johanne Frendekyn pro xx\'î soldatis caligarum iiîi d.
De Rustîco Phi[lippi] pro Ivi libratis serid et sandalli ^diiî s.
De Valeriano le Chat' pro iiii^ libratis serid sandalli

tapetorum et banquers xx s.

De Egidio Fusée pro iiii^ libratis velaminis de Alemannia

xxs.
De Martino de Barceles pro xxx libratis gingebratti zucare

sefranne et aliarum specîerum vii s. vi d.

De Vanno Bellardi pro xx libratis tapetorum serid et

sandalli v s.

De Betîno de Beaumund pro lii libratis serid sandalli et

coton' xiii s.

De Jacobo de Strego pro Ixv libratis serid sandalli sargiarum

coton' et tele tincte xvi s. îii d.

De Hugone Deuglas pro ix libratis vi soldatis alume

ii s. ilii d.
De Armennîo de Mo ton* pro xxiiii libratis peletrîe vi s.

De Willehno de Tomay pro xv libratis bresilii iii s. ix d.

272

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Lamberto le Flynt pro x lîbratis allute U s, vi d.

De Johanne Ratswere pro Jxxvî soldatis caligarum id d. ob.
De Hûghelino Sok' de Luca pro iiii'^v Ubratis send sandalli
et spedemm xxi s. iii d.

De VaEno Bellardi pro cc Ubratis send sandalli tapetomm
sargîarum et panni auri 1 s.

De Thoma Hunfray pro xv lîbratîs bagye îiî s. ix d.

De Lamberto Bolay et soc[io ?| eius pro xix Ubratis cali-
garum iiii s. ix d.
De Johanne de Wadynton' pro 1 soldatis caligamm

vii d. ob*
De Akno de Pontoyse pro xiiii libratis cyphorum de mazer'

îiî S- vî d.
De Johanne de Tredie pro x libratis cyphomm de mazer'

il s. vi d.
De Nîcholao Baston de Roan pro vi libratis sargiannn
canevadi sandalli et spedemm xviii d.

De Hugone Daunce pro iiii libratis caligarum xii d.

Romeneye:
De exitibus custume ibidem pro x^diii libratis vi soldatb
diversarum renim et mercandisarum vi s* i d*

Serre:
De exitibus custume ibidem pro iiii libratis diversarum
remm et mercandlsanim xii d.

Summa ^ renim et mercandisanim adductaxum

£m^ c xxvi xi s. iiii d.
Summa * denarriorum custume

£xxxix xix d. ob» q.
Summa * increment! per particulas ob*

Adbuc de nova custuma apud Sandwicum et in omnibus lods
ab mde per costeram maris usque Wynchelsegam armo xxxi.

Custuma pannorum per loca predicta de regno eductonim
anno xxxî.
Sandwiz:
De Bartholomeo Sygin' pro xx pannis sine grano xx s.

De Bartholomeo Vaker pro xiii panms sine grano xiii s.

* Probata,

■

NEW CUSTOM OF tjoj

273

Sununa * panBomm sine grano xxxiu

Summa ^ denarionim custume xxxiîi s.

Custuma averii pendens et aliarum merdum per IcKra predîcta

de regno eductamm anno xxxi.

Sand wis:

De Johanne de Hildemasse pro c soldatis cervisie et car-

bonum terre xv d.

De Johanne de Vygne pro xxiiii libratis balene vi s.

De Garda Arnaud pro xx soldatis pannoriim dssorum îii d.

De Bernardo de Luchepoys pro iiii libratis x soldatis car-

bonum et baconis xiii d. ob.

De Johanne Gondhale pro 1 soldatis ferri et visa vii d. ob.

De Henrico de Somere pro Ixx soldatis visa et cardonum

xd. ob.
De Johanne de Subard pro Ix soldatis vîvî (?) argent! ix d*
De Johanne de Mnlyer pro cc xl libratis vinorum * Ix s,
Douorria:

De Henrico de Corbye et soc[io ?] eius pro vii equis ad £xi

estimatis ii s. Lx d.

De Matheo Corbet' pro vi equis ad £vii xvs. estimatis

xxui d, q.
De WiUebno de PepUng' pro xxxvi equis ad £xxiiii estimatis

vis.
Romeneye :

^H De exitibus oistume ibidem pro lii libratis diversarum rerum
^^^^ et mercandisamm xiii s.

^^^H Summa ^ mercandisarum eductarum £cxxx\dii v s.

^^^H Summa ^ denariorum custume xxxiiii s. vi d. ob. q.

^^^P De incremento nihil

i 32. An account of the new custom on cloth and general merchan-
dise exported by aliens from Bostan, w February — 28
September, ijoj,^

The commodities found in this account are doth and general
merchandise bearing the poundage duty of 3d., such as grain, salt,

* Probata. ' More accurately, 10 Feb.^ 1302-05^-18 Sept., 1303.

* CancdJatuiB cjuia non habent wanantum ad capieodam custtimam de vinb.

274

TSE EARLY ENGLÎSE CUSTOMS

lead, beans, beer, honey, butter, and skins. Cloth was dearly the
most extensively exported commodity on the list. Various kinds
are mentioned. Scarlet cloth, cloth without grain, and cloth with
part grain constituted one group because subject to specific
duties. In another group were doth of England and Ireland,
worsted, blanket» narrow cloth, canvas, and linen. The export of
£250 worth of doth of England in one lot is notable.

We find one instance of a merchant's servant {jamulus) trading
on behalf of his master. It is twice stated that goods are reckoned
in counted money {in denariis numeraHs), Only a few of the
ships engaged in this trade were English, from the ports of Dart-
mouth and Yarmouth; most of them were North German, One
was owned in Lombardy.

Rotulus nove custume domini regis apud Sanctum Botulphum
de rebus et mercandisiis exeuntibus regno Anglie a x die Feb-
niarii anno regni Regis Edwardi tricesimo primo usque festum
Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens recepte per manus Johamiis
Idonisone Stephani de Stanham Galfridi de Sutton' et Michaelis
de Moliar,' m

Navîs Johannis Bretonn de Cortekin iiii die Martii ™

De eodem Johanne pro fabis et bitiro val, £xvii vis. viiid*

[cust,] iiii s. iiii d.
De Willehno de Morbek' pro frumento vaL £xx vi s, viii d.

[cust J vs. id.

De Jacobo Ebbe pro cervisia val, £x [cust,] ii s. vi d. ■

De Henrico WUIot pro frumento et cervisia val, £iiii" i

xui s. iiii d [cust,] xx s. v d.

Navis Johannis Skethe v die Aprilis

De Waltero Scank' pro frumento et cervisia val. £xx\dii x s.

[cust.] \'ii s. i d. ob.
De Willelmo de CarUn pro frumento et lino val, £xvi x s. v d.

[cust] iiii s> i d, ob.
De Bernardo Iter pro frumento val, £vi x s.

[cust.] xix d. ob.
De Wolfardo Geyure pro i scarletta et iii pannis bumetti sine
grano [cust] v s*.__

* MS., R. O,, K, R, Customs, 5/7.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

^75

De Willelmo de le Worth pro iîî scarlettis [cust.] vi s.

De Radulfo de Grenyng* pro iii scarlettis [custj vi s.

De Johanne de Whitenesthorp' pro îi scarlettis [aist] iiii s.
De Johanne de Grening* pro ii scarlettis [cust,] iiii s.

De Gobel de Geyure pro 1 scarletta et iiii pannis sine grano

[cust.] vi s.
De Ludekino de Yeure pro iii pannis sine grano [cust.] îii s.
De Edwardo de Geyure pro 1 scarletta et ii pannis sine grano

[cust,] iiii s.
De Simone Balsuart* pro i scarletta et v pannis sine grano

[cust.] vii s,
Navis Johannis Skethe vii die Junii
De eodem Johanne pro fnimento vaJ. £xl [cust] x s.

De Henrico de Waldertome pro sale val. £xxxvi [cust.] ix s.
De Johanne de Roghton' pro frumento val. £xiii

[cust] Mi s. iii d.
Navis Hemianni de Lubik^ xi die Junîi

De eodem Hermanno pro f abis et brasio val. £xii

[cust] ill s.
De Henrico de Heyme pro fabis et brasio val. £xv

[cust.] iii s. ix d.
De Lamberto de Dertemund pro brasio val. c s. [cust,] xv d.
De Dedardo Dauen pro fabis et brasio val. £x

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
De Hermanno Pape pro fabis et brasio val. £x

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
Navis Nicholai Elbe de Stauere xvi die Junii
De eodem Nicholao pro sale val. £xxxviii vi s. viii d.

[cust.] ix s. vii d,
Navis Ludulphi Breem primo die Jxilii

De Ricardo de Strallesond pro sale val. £xliii

[cust] X s. be d.
Navis Johannis de Dertemund primo die Julii

De Jacobo Cripin pro sale val. £xxxi [cust] vii s. ix d.

Navis Henrici de la Porte primo die JuUî

De Oliuero de Gutland pro sale val. £xxxii [cust.] viii s.
De Hermanno Scult^ pro i scarletta [cust.] ii s.

276

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Folcardo de Stemeburgh' pro i scarletta [cust.] ii s.

De Wynando de Grening' pro ii scarlettis [cust] iiii s.

De eodem pro strito panno Anglie val £ix [cust.] ii s. iii d.
De Messekino de Grerdng' pro i scarletta [oust.] ii s.

De eodem pro paono Atiglie val, £xxxvi ix s,

[aist.J ix s. i d. q.
De Hillebrond de Estlond pro sale val, £xvi [cust] iiii s.
De eodem pro panno Anglie val c s, [cust] xv d.

De Johanne Godeseyme p^-o panno AngUe val £xxiiii xv s.

[cust] VÎ s. ii d. q.

De Falcardo de Stemebergh* pro panno Anglie val. £x3iiii

xiiii s. iiii d. [cust] vi s. ii d. q.

De Gosewyno de Honesbergh* pro panno Anglie val. £xxi

xvii s. vi d- [cust] v s. v d. ob.

De Godekino de Cousefeud pro panno Anglie val. £xii

[cust] iii s.
De Amaldo de Lubik* pro panno Anglie vaL £xxi xii d.

[cust.] v s. iii d, q.
De Lamberto de Dertemund pro panno Anglie val. £xxi

[cust] v s, iii d.
De Hermanno Pape pro panno Anglie val £x x s,

[cust.] ii s. vii d, ob.
De Hermanno Scult' pro panno Anglie val. £vii

[cust] XXÎ d.
De Euerardo de Dertemund pro panno Anglie val £iiii x s,

[custj xiii d. ob.
De Petro de Castre et Sancho de Wahneseie pro cinere val.
£lxx [cust.] xvii s, vi d.

De Johanne Godinder pro caseo et bitiro val Ixxîii s. iiii d,

[cust] xî d.
De Hermanno Scult pro caseo et bitiro vaJ. liii s. iîii d.

[cust] vîii d.
De Garcea de Burgh' pro cinere val £ix xv s.

[cust] ii s. V d, q.
De Sancho de Walmeseie pro bugee val £îiii [cust.] xU d.
De Godefrido de Hambergh' pro i scarletta [cust.] îi s.

De Johanne Susanne pro sulpkure val, £vii [cust] xxi d.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

277

De Petro Constantin pro panno AngUe vaL £vi viii s. viii d,

[cust] xixd. q,
Navis Johannis Lippe xii die Augusti

De eodem Johanne pro sale val. £iiii [aist.] xii d.

De Johanne de Rasceburgh' pro sale et panno Anglie val.

£xix [cust,] iiii s. ix d.

De Henrico Hoppe pro sale et panno Anglie vaL £xviii x s.

[cust] iiii s, \ii d, ob.
De Tydemanno de Liibik' pro sale val. £xii [cust.] iii s.

De AmaJdo de Sehous pro sale vaL £vii [cust.] xxi d.

Navis Gerardi de Rostok^ xii die August!

De eodem Gerardo pro i scarletta et pro sale val. £xx

[cust.] vii s.
De Leofardo de Estlond pro panno Hibernie val. £x

[cust] ii s. vi d.

De eodem pro sale vaL £vii [cust.] xxi d.

De Johanne Barat pro i scarletta sale et pro essaie de umsted

val. £vii [cust.] iii s. ix d.

De LudekJno de Lubik' pro sale val. £xii x s.

[cust.) iii s. i d. ob.
De Minikino le Lung* pro panno Anglie val. £xii

[cust.] iii s.
De Henrico Sosat' pro panno Anglie val. £xvi

[cust.] iiii s.
De Gerardo Iselon pro panno Anglie val. £xii [cust.] iii s.
De Johanne Make pro i scarletta et pro panno Anglie val.
£\i [cust.] iii s. vi d.

De Hermanno de Lynne pro i scarletta et pro panno Anglie
vaL £vi X s. [cust] iii s. vii d. ob.

De Lauren Uo de Swythen pro panno Anglie val. £viii

[cust.] ii s.
Navis Euerardi Hardenek' xiii die Augusti

De WjTiando de Wederbergh' pro i scarletta et pro panno
Anglie val. £xxxix [cust.] xi s. ix d.

De Euerardo Hardenek' pro plumbo val. £x viii s.

(custj ii s. vii d.
De eodem pro essaies de worskde val. c iiii s. [cust] xv d. ob.

278 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Eylardo de Lubik' pro i scarletta at pro panno Anglic
val. £xvîîî [cust.] vi s. VÎ d.

De Herdemero de Estlond pro panno Anglie val. £xx

[cust.] V s.
De Bernardo de Bersam pro panno Anglie val. £xv

[cust] iii s. ix d.

De Petro Sturman pro panno Anglie val. £xx [cust] v s.

De Edbright de Lubik' pro ii scarlettis et pro panno Anglie

val. £xvi [cust.] viii s.

De Ludekino Lung' pro i scarletta et pro panno Anglie

val. c s. [cust.] iii s. iii d.

De Johanne Lung' pro sale et pro panno Anglie val. £xv et

pro i scarletta [cust] v s. ix d.

De Bertoldo de Rodestok' pro sale et pahno Anglie val.

£xvi X s. [cust.] iiii s. i d. ob.

De Amajdo le Wyse pro plumbo val. £xii xvs. et pro î

scarletta et di. [cust] vi s. ii d. q.

De eodem pro panno Anglie val. £xxiii v s.

[cust.] V s. ix d. ob. q.
De Edbright' Chillefader pro ii scarlettis [cust.] iiii s.

De Hermanno Scult' pro panno Anglie val. £xviii

[cust] iiii s. vi d.

De Gerkino Lippe pro ii scarlettis et pro panno Anglie

val. £xii [cust.] vii s.

Summa £xix vii s. ix d. q.
Navis Frederici de Lubik' xiiii die Augusti
De eodem Frederico pro sale val. £xii [cust.] iii s.

De Jacobo Crispin pro sale et panno de worsted val. £xxx

[cust] vii s. vi d.
De Tidemanno Stipel pro coioun val. Ix s. [cust] ix d.

Navis Willelmi Breem xiiii die Augusti
De Godekino Mulard pro sale et pellicia val. £xxxvii

[cust.] ix s. iii d.
De Bernardo de Wytenburgh' pro £xii in denariis numeratis

[cust] iii s.
De Bernardo de Hambergh' pro £xii in denariis numeratis

[cust/ iii s.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

279

De Lodewico Crouse pro panno Anglie vaJ, £xHi vi s. et pro
Î scarletta [cust,] xii s. vîi ±

De Gerardo de Wytenbergh' pro ii scarlettis
De Maynfraio de Gen[ua] pro canobo val.

[oistj iiii s.
xxxiiii s, vi d.
[cust.] V d.
Navis Plunis le Skreker xv die Augusti

De eodem Plums pro sale val. £xxuii [cust.] vi s.

De Bernardo de Fine pro sale val £îiii [cust.] xii d.

Navis Jacobi de Southfen xvi die Augusti
De eodem Jacobo pro sale val. £xxvii x s.

[cust] VÎ s. X d. ob.
De Thoma Vmfrei de Paris pro pellibus agnims vaL £xlvi
ix s, [cust] xi s. vii d. ob.

Navis Waken Stipel de Herdewik* xvi die Augusti

De eodem Waltero pro plumbo val. c s. [cust,] xv d.

De Radulfo de Ripe pro plumbo et panno Anglie val
£xxxiii X s. [cust) viii s. iiii d. ob.

De eodem pro i scarletta et di. [cust] iii s.

De Matheo de Gremng' pro panno de worsted val xl s.

[cust.] VÎ d.
Na\is Euerardi de Herdewik' xvi die Augusti

De eodem Euerardo pro floldds val 1 s. [cust.] vii d. ob.

De Henrico Drie de Grening* pro iii scarlettis [cust.] vi s.
De eodem pro plumbo pipere et flokkis val £xlv xviii s. iiii d.

[cust.] xi s. V d. ob, q.
Navis Amaldi Crouse de Lubik' xvi die Augusti

De Tidemanno de Lippe pro panno Anglie val £cc 1

[cust] bdi s. vi d.
De Dode de Wertin pro i scarletta et îii pannîs sine grano

[cust] V s.
Navis Euerardi Sone xvi die Augusti

De eodem Euerardo per sale val. £vi [cust.] xviii d,

Navis Willelmi de Soutfen xvi die Augusti

De eodem Willelmo pro iapidibus molaribus wadmol et sale
val £xïï [cust.] X s. vi d.

Navis Andrée de Estlond xix die Augusti

De eodem Andrea pro sale val. £xiiii [cust.] iii s. vi d.

28o

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis Folcardi Frese xix die Augusti

De eodem Folcardo pro sale val- xiii s. iiii d. [aist] ii A

De Tidemanno de Lippe pro panno Anglie vaL £x\ii x s. et

pro i scarletta et di. [cust.] vii s. îiîî d. ob.

De Godekino de Colonia pro panno Anglie et Hibernie et

pellibus vulpinis val. £xxxviiî [cust.] ix s. vi d.

De Tidemanno de Deuentre pro lapidibus molaribus vaL

£xxx [cust] \u s. vi d,

Navis Rogeri Heyne xxii die Augusti

De Jacobo de Lice pro pice acero et panno de worstede vaL
£xxxiiii Icust J viii s. vi d.

Navis Tidemanni Mulard xxii die Augusti
De Godefrido de Cousefeud pro bitiro vaL £xi

[cust] li s. ix d.

De Martino de Saocto Juliaoo pro vi pannis mixtis in grano

et pro xxxvi pannis sine grano [cust.] xlv s.

De Amaldo Baret pro ix pannis mixtis in grano et pro xlii

pannis et di. sine grano [cusL] Ivi s.

De Petro Peyteuin pro i panno mixto in grano et pro x pannis

et di, sine grano [cust.] xii s.

De eodem pro panno Anglie val. £xxxvi xiii s.

[cust] ix s. ii d.
Navis Tidemanni Mulard le Juuene xxii die Augusti

De eodem Tidemanno pro sale val. £xxx [cust.] vii s. vi d.
Navis Arnaldi Crouse xxiiii die Augusti

De eodem Amaldo pro sale et panno Hibernie vaL £xxii

{cust] v s. vi d.

De Johanne de Lubik' pro sale vaL £xx\i [cust.] vi s. vi d.

De Rigbot' de Scotsthorp' pro sale et panno Hibernie val.

£x [cust] ii s. vi d.

De Boiuipho de Gutland pro panno Anglie vaL £xlvii

[cust} xi s. ix d-
Navis Godefridi de Southfen xxiiii die Augusti

De Gerwino le Wise pro pellibus cattorum caseo et bitiro val,

£lix X s. [cust.] xiiii s. x d. ob.

De Tidemanno Crane pro panno de worsted et pellibus

agninis vaL £x [cust] ii s, vi d.

I
■

NEW CUSTOM OP 1303

281

Navîs Tidemanni Mulard xxiiii die Augusti

De Herberto Femer pro sulphure et averio ponderis vaJ.

xxvii s. et pro 1 scarletta fcust.] ii s. liii d.

De Henrico de Maideburgh' pro panna Anglie et averio

ponderis vaL £xvi Icust.J iiii s*

De Frederico de Mundenhors pro plumbo et sale val £x et

pro i scarletta [cust.] iiii s. vi d.

De Alberto Calmer pro panno Anglie et averio ponderis val

£xvî [cust] iiii 3.

De Conrado de Colk* pro iii scarlettis [cust.] vi s.

De Johanne Spikeman pro bacone et bitiro val. c s,

[cust.] XV d.
De Vrrico de Reineburgh' pro panno de worsted et caseo val

£xxxiii [cust.] viii s. iii d.

De Arnaldo de Prat' pro pellida et paimo de worstede val

Ui s, [cust] vii d. ob. q.

De Henrico Suarfar pro forura agnina et averio ponderis

val. £xx [cust.] V s.

De Johanne Flaming' pro plumbo vaL 1 s. [cust.] vii d. ob.
De Andrea Piers pro v pannis et di. mixtis in grano et xxxiii

pannis sine grano [cust.] xli s. iii d.

De eodem pro iii coopertoriis ad lectum val xlvi s.

[cust.] vii d.
De Dongarcea de Burgh' pro i scarletta et di. panno mixto in

grano [cust.] ii s. ix d.

De eodera pro xx pannis sine grano et pro panno Anglie val.

£vii [cust] xxi s. ix d.

Navis Johannis Wale de Rodestok' xxvi die Augusti

De eodem Johanne pro sale val £xxviii [cust.] vii s.

De Maneholt' pro panno Beuerlad val £iiii et pro i scarletta

[cust.] iii s.
De Gerardo Due pro panno de worsted val £xxiiii [cust.] vi s.
De Johanne Bek' pro panno Anglie val £xii [cust] iii s.
Navis Johannis Heth* xxvi die Augusti

De Johanne de Oldefar^ pro ii scarlettis et di. [cust.] v s.
De eodem pro sale et panno de worstede vaL £xxxvi

[cust] ix s.

282

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Henrico de Oldefar' pro panno de worstede val. xl s. et
pro iii scarlettis [cust,] vi s. vi d.

Navis Tidemanni de Minstre xxvi die August!

De eodem Tidemanno pro sale val, £vm [cust] ii s.

De Reginaldo Miime pro panno Anglie val. £xiiii et pro i
scarletta [cust.] v s, vi d.

De Henrico de Lippe pro sale vaL £xiii [cust.J iii s. iii d.
De Johaime Telet pro parmo Anglie val. £xxi

[cust.] V s. iii d.

De Ludbright de Osenbrigg' pro ii scarlettis [cust.] iiii s.

De Wemekino Kale pro panno Hibernie et plumbo val,

£xxx et pro i scarletta [cust.] ix s. vi d.

De Hillebrond de Dertemund pro panno Hibernie et

plumbo val. £xiii [cust.] iii s. iii d.

De Johanne le WTiite pro panno de worstede et plumbo val,

£xxviii et pro i scarletta [cust.] ix s.

De Hermanno de Guystel pro floclds vaL xxx s. et pro i

scarletta [cust] ii s, iiii d. ob.

De Conrado de Colk' pro plumbo vaL £xii [cust.] iii s.

De Herdewico de Lippe pro i scarletta [cust) ii s.

Navis Boidini le Chandeler xx\ai die Augusti

De Euerardo de Wyked pro melle val £xvii xvis. viii d.

[cust.] iiii s, v d, ob.
Summa £xxix viii s. iiii d.
Navis Henrid del Sten xxvii die Augusti

De eodem Henrico pro vi scarlettis [cust.] xii s.

De Frederico de Lubik* pro ii scarlettis [cust] iiii s.

De Henrico le Juuene pro sale val. £\ii [cust.) xxi d.

De Ditelef * de EsUond pro i scarletta [cust] ii s.

De Guntero pro panno Anglie vaL £viii [cust] ii s.

De Johanne de Paris pro panno Anglie val £xu

[cust] iii s.
Navis Johannis Wale de Lubik' xxix die Augusti

De Johanne Lung' pro brasio melle et panno Anglie val.
£xvii et pro i scarletta [cust] vi s. iii d.

De Johanne Baker pro panno Anglie val, £xix

[cust.] iiii s. ix d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

383

•De Gerardo de Stenford pro melle et brasio vaL £xx et pro î

scarletta [cust.] vii s.

De Reynekîno de Lubik' pro brasio et panno Anglie val.

£xxîiî [cust] V s. ÎX d.

De Willelmo Cautz pro coopertoriis ad lectum et paimo de

blanket val. £ix xi s. [cust.] ii s. iiii d. ob.

De Johanne de Lubik' pro i scarletta [cust] ii s.

Navis Johannis Wolprat xxix die August!

De eodem Johanne pro melle et bitiro vaL Iviii s. ix d.

[cust,] viiid. ob. q.
De Juliano Kempe pro cervisia et bitiro vaK xxjdx s.

[cust) vid.
De Johanne Dist' pro caseo vaL xv s. [cust] ii d. q.

Navis Petri Isebaut* xxix die August!

De Andrea Brotherlamb* pro averio ponderis vah £Ixx xiiii s.
ii d. [cust.] x\di s. viii d.

Navis Copini de la More xxix die Augusti
De eodem Copino pro cervisia val. £ix x s.

[cust.] ii s. iiii d, ob.
De Reymundo de Sancto Clémente pro alum vaL £xxi

[cust] V s, iii d.

De Petro Arnaud pro linea tela et panno de blanket vaL

£iiii [cust,] xii d.

Navis Thome Kiffer de Gememutha primo die Septembris

De Willelmo Cautz pro panno Anglie val, £xxxvii xs.

fcust-l ix s. iiii d, ob.
De Grimbaldo Reiner pro panno de worsted vaL Ixvii s.

» [cust.j X d.

De Elia Morin pro panno Anglie vaL £xvi [cust.] iiii s.

De Hugone Megge pro panno Anglie val. £viii [cust] ii s.
Navis Bcrti de Lumbardie primo die Septembris

De Willelmo de Scotes pro averio ponderis val. £xiii ixs.

[cust] iii s. iiii d. ob.
De Joceo Slengler pro averio ponderis val. £xv

[cust.] iii s. ix d.
De Godefrido de Colonia pro panno de worsted vaL £xxvi

[custj vi s. vi d.

284

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

[cust] ii s. vi d.
[cust] iii s. ix d.

Navis Arnaldi Blanc primo die Septembris
De eodem Amaldo pro sale et lapidibus molaribus val. £xîî

lcust.| iii s.
De Johanne Greue pro sale val. £x
De Godescalco Clerico pro sale val £xv
De Johanne de Datle pro sale val. £xiii

[cust] iii s. iii d.
De Conrado de Maydeburgh' pro sale val. xxx s.

[cust] iiii d* ob.
De Henrico Scult* pro bitiro val. xx s, Icust.] iii d-

De Henrico Hare pro sale val. xl s. [cust] vi d.

De Nicholao de Lure pro panno de worstede vaL £vii

[cust] xxi d.
De Johanne del Sten pro panno de worsted val. £xii

[cust] iii s.
Navis Hermanni de Waldercome iiii die Septembris

De Wynebaldo Plukerose pro i scarietta [cust.] îî s.

De eodem pro panno Anglie plumbo et pluîna val. £xlii

[cust] X s. vi d.

De Euerardo Plukerose pro panno Anglie plumbo et aleo

val £lii x\ii s, vi d. [cust.] xiii s. ii d, ob. q.

De Sibrando de Grening' pro panno Anglie et pellibus

caprinis val. £xlii |cust,] x s. vi d.

De Johanne /amtt/ci Roberti pro i scarietta [custj ii s.

De eodem pro panno Anglie pellibus agninis et caprinis val.

£c xiii XV s, [cust.] xxviii s. v d. q,

Navis Qmntini filii Regen* iiii die Septembris

De Andrea Brotheriamb' pro averio ponderis val, £lxv x\^ d.

I cust. I xvi s. iii d. q.

De Reymundo de Sancto Clémente pro griseo opere et panno

de worsted val £xvii [cust.] iiii s. iii d.

De Johanne Thousendpond pro ii scarlettis [cust,] iiii s,

Navis Willelmi fiUi Magistri Willelmi vi die Septembris

De Godekino de Colonia pro panno de worstede val £xxxj

et pro X ulnis scarlette [cust.] viii s. iii d*

De Francisco de Colonia pro panno de worsted val £xxiiii

[cust] vi s.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

28s

De Henrico Stilecouse pro panno de worsted et bitiro val. £x

[cust] ii s. vi d.

De Tidemanno de Colonîa pro bitiro val- Ix s, [cust] be d*

Navis Johannis de Whitenburgh' vi die Septembris

De Lamberto le Sage pro parmo blunkeiii et pellibus agninis

val, £ix VÎ s. viii d. [cust] ii s. iiii d.

De Godekino de Colonia pro bitiro val. ex s.

[aist] xvi d. ob*
De Johanne le White pro bitiro val* xlvi s. vîîi d«

[cust] vii d.
Navis Ludbright de Suythen vi die Septembris

De eodem Ludbright pro sale val. £xii [cust] iii s.

De Amaldo de Guystei pro panno Anglie et sale val, £vî et
pro i scarletta [cust.) iii s. vi d.

De Johanne de Lubik* pro panno Anglie vaL £xiiii

[cust] iiis. vid.

De Henrico de Mînstre pro panno Anglie val. £x et pro i

scarletta [cust*] iiii s. vi d.

De Henrico de Felthouse pro panno Anglie val. £vi et pro î

scarletta [cust] iii s. vi d.

De Gerkieo de Wernemund pro panno de worstede val. £xii

[cust] iii s.
De Hamelino le Lung' pro panno Anglie val. £viii

[cust] ii s.
De Hennanno Scult' pro i scarletta [cust.] ii s.

Navis Wemekini Godier x die Septembris

De eodem Wemekino pro sale val. £xvii [cust.] iiii s. iii d.
De Johanne de Hambergh* pro sale val. £viii [cust] ii s»
De Hamelino le Lung* pro sale val xl s. [cust] vi d.

De Wernekino Smyth* pro sale vaL £im [cust.] xii d.

Navis Saieri de Ripe x die Septembris

De Johanne de Rode pro plumbo et panno Anglie val. £xxx

et pro i scarletta et di. [cust] x s- vî d.

De Snythe Wynd pro plumbo blado et panno vaL £xxxiii

[cust.] viii s. UÎ d-
De Henrico Suart' pro blado et plumbo vaL £xxxiiii

[cust.] viii s, vi d.

286

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Hermarmo de Vale pro panno Anglie val. £xxiii

|cust.] V s. ÎJC d.
Navis Willelmi de Liiicolnia xiii die Septembris
De Gregorio de la Porte pro cinere val. £xxlx vi s.

[cust) vii s. iiii d.
Navis Gerardi de Stauere xiii die Septembris
De Johanne de Calmere pro panno Anglie val. £rvîî

[cust] iiii s- iii d*

De Johanne del Sten pro panno Anglie val. £xx et pro i

scarletta fcust.] vii s.

De Hermanno de Wytenbergh' pro panno Anglie val, £x2Î

et pro i scarletta [cust.] v s.

De Henrico Meppe pro panno Anglie vaL £ix

Icust] ii s. Hi d.
De Henrico de Oure pro averio ponderis vaL £iiii

Icust.] XÎÎ d.
De Hermanno de Horseie pro panno Anglie val. £vi

[exist.] xviii d.
Navis Antonii de Lubik' xv die Septembris
De Johanne de Melne pro sale val. £xxx et pro ii scarlet tis

[cust.] XÎ s. vi d.
De Helming' de Gripeswold pro panno Anglie val. £x

tcust.] ii s. vi d.
De Henrico Gerland pro i scarletta [cust.] ii s.

De Jordan© Baret pro panno Anglie val. £vi [cust,] xviii d.

Summa £xvii xiii s. iiii d. q.
Navis Conradi Houener xv die Septembris

De eodem Conrado pro fabis et brasio vaL £x

[cust] ii s. VI d.
De Wemekino le Juuene pro fabis brasio et melle val. £xxx

[cust] vii s. vi d.
De Gerkino Mak' pro panno Anglie brasio et fabis val. £xx

[cust) v s.
De Bernardo le Wyse pro panno Anglie et fabis val. £xix

[cust,] iiii s. ix d-

De Henrico Sosat' pro panno Anglie brasio fabis et melle

val, £xviii [cust.] iiii s. vi d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

287

De Euerardo de Dertemund pro panno Anglie frumento et
fabis vaL £xvî [custj iîîi s.

Navîs Johannîs de Parkhani xvîi die Septembris

De eodem Joharme pro sale val. £x [oist.] iî s. vi d.

De Nicholao de Mellestret' pro sale vaL £x [cust,] îî s. vi d.
De Petro Sonderland pro sale vaL £iiiï [cust.] xiî d.

De Johaime Wydescowe pro sale val, c s. [cust] xv d.

De Henrico de Cousefeud pro panno Anglîe val» £x

[cust,] ii s. vi d-
Navis Johannîs le Lung^ xîx [die] Septembris

De eodem Johanne pro sale val. £vi [cust.] xviiî d.

De Egbrîght fiUo Bernardi pro panno Anglie et sate val.

£xii [custj iii s.

De Euerardo Nacghtrauen pro panno AngUe et sale vaL £x

[cust.] ii s, vi d.
De Johanne de Bruges pro panno AngUe et sale val £viîî

[cust.] ii s*
De Henrico Bitelsone pro sale vaL £îiïï et pro î scarletta

[cust.] iii s.

De Amaldo Scult' pro sale vaL £vi [cust.] xvîii d.

De Johanne de Lubik* pro panno Anglie vaL £x\iii et pro

iii scarlettis [cust] x s. vi d.

De Johanne le Wise pro ii scarlettis [cust.] iiii s.

Navis Gerkinî Vring' xix die Septembris

De eodem Gerkino pro ii scarlettis [cust.] îiîî s.

De Henrico de Skauene pro panno Anglie et sale vaL £vîi

[cust] xxi d.
De Johanne de Orleyns pro sale val. £xî [cust.] ii s. ix d.
De Seîlif Sussi pro ii scarlettis [cust.] iiïï s.

De Lamberto de Alemannia pro i scarletta [cust.] ii s,

Summa £iiii vi d.

Ultîmus dimîdius annus xxxî:

Summe totales istius rotuli de rebus eductis:

Summa scarlettarum c i scarlette et très partes i scarlette

unde cust. £x iii s. vi d.

Summa paunorum mixtortmi in grano xxii pannî unde

cust. xxxiii s.

288

TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Summa pannorum sine grano c bcii panni unde

cust. £vîîî ÎÎ s,
Summa valons alianim renim etc. £iiîi" xlv xv s. ix d. unde

cust. £1 XÎ s. V d, q.
Summa totalis deDariorum £lxx ix s. xi d. ob. probata

§ 53. An account of the new custom on cloth, wax, and general
merchandise imported by aliens^ Boston, 12 February —
September J /joj.*

Many of the commodities are here recorded by their English
names, such as stithies, bowstaves, and tar. One ship, perhaps
from Koln, brought in a cargo of swords and hehnets {? capeUe)
valued at £134. More than one-half the customs were de-
rived from undyed cloth and wax. It is to be noted that this
undyed cloth was imported and not exported. In this account
we find three merchants importing £409 worth of anvil-steel
{acerum stithies)^ comstones, and millstones.

Rotulus nove custume domini regis apud Sanctum Botulphum
de rebus et mercandisiis venientibus in Angliam incipiens xii die
Februarii anno regni Regis Edwardi tricesimo primo usque festum
Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens recepte per manus Johannis
Isdonsone Stephani de Stanham Galfridi de Sutton* et Michaelis
de Moliar collectorum eiusdem custume per idem tempus.*
Navis Coppini Ebbe xx\d die Februarii
De Johanne de White pro xxxi paimis sine grana

[cusL] xm 5,
De Andrea Brotherlamb* pro xxxvi pannis sine grano

[cust] xxxvi s.
De Nicholao Soting* pro xxxix pannis sine grano

[custj xxxix s.
De Terrico Bacheler pro vi pannis sine grano [cust.] \H s.
De WiUelmo de Scotes pro xlvi pannis sine grano [oust.] xlvi s.
Navis Berti Lumbard xiii die Aprilis

De Johanne le White pro iii pannis sine grano [cust,] iii s.

• More accurately. 12 Feb., 1302-03^28 Sept., 1303,
» MS., R, O., K- R. Customs, 5/9.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

289

De Roberto But pro xxiiii parmis sine grano [cust.] xxiiii s.
De Waltero Cniselin pro vi pannis sine grano [aist] vi s.
Navis Thomae del Swyn iî die Mail

De Ricardo de Spalding* pro vii^^xv pannis sine grano

[cust] £vii XV s.
De Bernardo Iter pro xvii pannis sine grana et pro ii scarlettis

[cust] xxi s.
De Coppe Coppe [sic] Cotenne pro canobo vaL £xx

[cust] V s.
De Maurido de Sancto Botulpho pro vii quîntallis di. i qr.
cere [cust.] vii s. ix d,

Navis Lamberti Godin v die Maii

De Hermanno de Maidebek* pro i panno mixto in grano et î
panno sine grano |cust.] ii s. vi d.

De WaJtero de Whitenbi pro xvii pannis sine grano

[cust] xvii s,
Navis Henrici de la Porte de Lubik' xvii die Mali

De Johanne Godejue pro stoc&hs et oleo val. £xxxiiii

[cust| viii s. vi d.
De Godekino de Cousefeld pro stocfihis val. £xxvîii

[cust.] vii s.
De Amaldo de Lubik^ pro pisce et oleo val. £xli

[cust] X s* iii d.
Navis Johannis de Dertemund xvii die Maii

De Henrico Hame pro pisce et oleo vaL £xx [cust.] v s.

De Hermanno Pape pro pisce et oleo val. £xx [cust.] v s.
De Adulpho de Gutland pro pisce et olw vaJ. £xxiiii

[oist ] vi s.
De Hingberto de Dertemund pro viii quintallis cere

[cust] viii s.
De eodem pro pisce oleo pellibus caprinis et bitiro val. £bc

[cust] XV s,

Navis Ludulpbi Breem xvii die Maii

De eodem Ludulpho pro pisce val. xlvî s. viii d. [cust] vii d.
De Henrico de Ridous pro pisce et oleo val. £xxv

[cust.] vi s. iii d.
De Gûdescalco de Honesbergh' pro pisce val. £xx [cust] v s.

290 TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Lamberto de Dertemund pro pisce vaL £xxv

[cust] vi s. iii d.
De Jdianne Tbousenc^xiDd pro pisce et dec vaL £di

[cust] z s. iii d.
De Johanne Lune pro ii pannis sine grano [cusL] S s.

Navis Hermanni de Lubik' xvii die Maii
De Folcardo de Stemeber^' pro pisce val. £zxxvi

[cust] ix s.
De Johanne Thousendpond pro pisce et pellibus caprinis vaL
£xix [cust.] iiii s. iz d.

Navis Johannis Godier xii die Junu
De Heluing' le White pro xzviii quintallis cere

[cust] xzviii s.
De eodem pro griseo opere et popel val. £xv v s.

[cust] iii s. iz d. ob. q.
De eodem pro xiiii pannis sine grano [cust] xiiii s.

De Johanne Thousendpond pro zv quintallis cere

[cust] XV s.

De eodem pro roskin val. c v s. [cust] zv d. ob. q.

De Henrico le White pro vii quintallis cere [cust] vii s.

De Henrico de Essend pro lu^werk' et popel val. £zliiii z s.

[cust] zi s. i d. ob.
De Tidemanno Crane pro griseo opere val. £li

[cust] zii s. iz d.

De Michaele Rugenfot' pro ii scarlettis et pro 1 pannis et di.

sine grano [cust.] liiii s. vi d.

De Willelmo de Scotes pro i scarletta et v pannis miztis in

grano [cust.] iz s. vi d.

De eodem pro bdii pannis sine grano [cust] Iziii s.

De Andrea Brotherlamb' pro iiii pannis miztis in grano et

uii"^ zvii pannis et di. sine grano [cust.] c iii s. vi d.

De Giberto Bette pro xzxiii pannis sine grano

[cust] zzziii s.
De Johanne Stauin pro zzzii pannis et di. sine grano

[cust] zzzii s. VÎ d.

De Waltero de Haring' pro zzzvi pannis et di. et ima roba sine

grano [cust.] zzzvi s. iz d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

291

De Tenico Fagel pro xxiii pannis sine grano [ciistj xxîîi s.
De Dîonisio Belle pro x paimîs sine grano [oîsL] x s.

De Nicholao Vrse pro îi scarlettîs et îi pannis et di. sine grajio

[aist.] vi s. vi d.
De Nicholao Suwat pro canobo val, £ix xv s-

[cust.] il s. V d. q.
De Johanne Adam pro wadmol val. xl s. [cnst.] vî d.

De Roberto Berther pro canobo val. £xvi iîi s* iiU d.

[cust,] iiiî s. ob.

De Bernardo Grafast' pro lapidibus molaribus val. £xxîii

vi s. vlii d. [cust.] v s. x d.

De Gîlberto de Sancto Romano pro canobo iinea iela et

manutergiis val. £iiii"^ x [cust.J xxii s. vî d.

De Johanne Franceis pro canobo et pannis de Britannia val

£sxx [custl vii s. vî d.

De Herberto Faraer pro wadmol caldron' capeU[is] et grîseo

opère vaL £xxv [oistj vi s. îîi d.

De Henrico Grouse pro cupro val. £x [cust] iî s* vi d.

De Joune Furmentîn pro canobo manutergiis et croco val.

£xxxv [cust.] vîîi s. ix d.

De Nicholao Baston' pro canobo et pannis de Britannia val,

£xxiili [cust.] vî s.

Navîs Frederici de Lubik' xiiîi die Juliî

De eodem pro pisce val, £xxî [cust.| v s. îii d.

De Ludekino Lung' pro pisce vaL £xx xv s.

[cust.] V s. iî d. q.
De Henrico Hoppe pro pisce et oleo val. £xx [cust.] v s.
De Leofardo de Estlond pro pisce val. £xvîii

[custj iiîi s. vi d.
De Johanne de Rasceburgh' pro pisce val. £xxi

[cust.] V s. iii d.
De Gerkîno de Lippe pro pisce et oleo val. £xx x s.

[cust.] v s. i d, ob.
De Johanne Lung' pro pisce et oleo val £xxxi x s.

[cust.] viî s. x d. ob.
De Johanne Make pro pîsce et oleo val £xx [cust.] v s.

De Bertoldo de Rodestok' pro pisce val £xv [cust*] ÎM s, ix d.

TEE EARLY ENGLISE CUSTOMS

Navis Johaimis de Lippe xiiii die Jxilii
De Gerardo de Whitenburgh' pro pisce et oleo val. £xxx

[cust] vii s. vi d.

De eodem pro i quintallo et xii libris cere [aist] xiii d.

De Alberto Childefader pro pisce oleo val. £xxvîi et î quîix-

tallo cere [cust.] vîî s, ix d.

De Tidemanno de Lubik' pro pisce et oleo val. £xviiî

[cust.] iîii s. vi d.
De Hermanno de Lj^ine pro pisce et oleo val £xxim

[cust.] vî s.
Navis Gerardi Rostok' xiiii die Juliî
De eodem Gerardo pro pisce et oleo val. £xxvi

[cust] vî s. vî d.
De Wynando de Wederburgh' pro pisce val. £lî

[cust.] xîî s. îx d.
De eodem pro iii quintallîs xxxv libris cere

[cust] iiî s. iii d, ob, q.

De Tidardo Stureman pro pisce val £xxiiii [cust] vi s.

De Eylardo de Lubik' pro pisce val £xx [cust] v s.

De eodem pro vî quintallîs cere [cust] vî s.

Summa^ valons rerum £mcc iiu vî s. viiî d. custuma inde» £xv

xiii d,
Summa [custume] £lviî xiî s. xi d, ob. q.
De Edbright de Lubik' pro pisce et roskin val. £x3dçvî

[cust] îx s.
De eodem pro iiii quintallîs et di. cere [cust.] iiii s. vî d.
De W>Tiaiîdo de Lubik* pro pisce val. £xxxiii

[cust.] viiî s. iii d.
De eodem pro iiii quîntallis xxii libris cere [cust j iiii s. ii d.
De Hillebrond de Lînee pro griseo opère et popel val £xx

[cust] v s*

De eodem pro Le quiotallis di. i qr, cere [cust.] ix s. ix d.

De Hugone de Malins pro buge vaL £}diii [cust.] iii s. vî d.

Navis Euerardi Hardenek' xxiiii die JuUi

De eodem Euerardo pro ii quintallîs xviiî libris cere

[cust] ii s. îî d*
' PfobaU.

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

293

De Henrico le Wyse pro griseo opere val. £xlvi

[cust] XÎ $. vi d.
De Bernardo de Bersane pro wadmol et griseo opere val.
£xviii X s. [custj iiii s. vii d. ob.

De Erdemer* de Estlond pro pisce val. £x\aii xiii s. iiii d.

[ciist] iiii s. viii d.
De eodem pro 1 quintallo cere [oust.] xii d.

Na\is Johannis Spitman xxiiii die Julii

De Godefrido Mulard pro pisce et oleo val. £xxxiiii

[cust.] viii s, vid.
De Gerardo Thousendpond pro pisce et oleo val. £xxxvii

IcustJ ix s. iii d.
De Euerardo de Dertemund pro pisce et oleo val. £xxx

[cust} vii s. vi d.
De Godekino de Colonîa pro pisce et oleo val. £xl

(cust] X s.
De Layrentio de Swythen pro pisce et griseo opere val.
£xviu et pro i quintallo cere [cust] vs. vi d.

De Godefrido Mulard pro 1 quintallo cere Icust,] xii d.

De Wydekino Reuel pro iiii panais sine grano |cust.] iiii s.
De Saiero de Haneswik' pro xviii pannis mixtis in grano et
xlv pannis sine grano [cust.] Ixxii s.

De Lamberto de Seynte Rude pro xxiii pannis sine grano

[cust] xxiii s.
De Roberto de Neuport' pro vii pannis sine grano

[cust] vii s.
De Johanne de Akene pro xxix pannis sine grano

[cust.] xxix s.
De Peregrino del Sond pro xxxvii pannis sine grano

[cust.] xxxvii s.
Navis Willelmi Breem xxiiii die Julii

De eodem Willelmo pro ii quintaliis et di. cere

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
De Amaldo le Wyse pro pisce val. £1 et pro iii quintaliis cere

[cust.) XV s. vi d.

De Henrico Staue pro pisce oleo et pellibus caprinis val.

£xxxiii et ii quintaliis cere [cust.j x s. iii d.

294 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Amaldo de Sehouse pro pisce val. £xvi [cust.] iiii s.

De Johanne Thousendpond pro ii qnintallis et i qr. cere

[cust] ii s. iii d.
De eodem pro pisce et oleo val. £xix [cust] iiii s. ix d.

Navis Johannis Wale de Lubik' xii die Augusti
De Gerardo de Stenford pro pisce et oleo val. £xxxix

[cust] ix s. ix d.
De Frederico de Lubik' pro pisce et oleo val. £xxviii

[cust.] vii s.
De Reginaldo de Risnibek' pro pisce val. £xxxii

[cust.] VÎÎÎ s.

De Hugone de Berflet' pro xiiii pannis sine grano

[cust] xiiii s.
De Petro de la Gutere pro ii pannis sine grano

[cust] ii s.
Navis Johannis de Roghton' xvi die Augusti
De Franco de Haure pro v pannis mixtis in grano et xxvi

pannis sine grano [cust.] xxxiii s. vi d.

De Galfrido de la Planche pro canobo et linea tela val.

£xxviii [cust] vii s.

De Ricardo de la Vache pro canobo feutro sellis et frenis val.

£xx xiii s. iiii d. [cust.] v s. ii d.

De Johanne de la Lande pro canobo feutro et linea tela val.

£ix xiii s. iiii d. [cust] ii s. v d.

De Henrico Busker pro ii pannis mixtis in grano et vii pannis

sine grano [cust] x s.

De Willehno de Gant' pro iii pannis sine grano [cust.] iii s.
De Saiero de Haneswik' pro iiii pannis mixtis in grano et

xxviii pannis sine grano [cust.] xxxiiii s.

De Andrea Brotherlamb' pro xxxv pannis sine grano

[cust.] XXXV s.

De Jacobo de Subois pro lampredis val. £xx [cust] v s.
Navis Henrici del Sten xxii die Augusti

De eodem Henrico pro ix quintallis et di. cere

[cust.] ix s. vi d.
De eodem pro griseo opere pisce et oleo val. £lxx

[cust] xvii s. vi d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

295

De Henrico le Juuene pro iiii quintaUis i qr. cere

[cust.] iiii s. ill d.
De eodem pro griseo opere pisce et oleo val £xliîi

[cust.] X s, ixcL
De Ludbright de Osenbrig' pro v quintallis i qr. cere

[cust.] V s. iii d.
De eodem pro pisce et oleo val. £xl [cust.] x s.

De Johaime Baker pro griseo opere pisce et oleo vaL £xix

[cust,] iiii s. ix d.
De Guntero pro pisce val £jdii et ii quintallis i qr. cere

[cust j V s. vi d.
De Conrado de Lune pro iiii quintallis xxxix libris cere

fcust.] iiii s. iiii d.
De eodem pro pisce et oleo val. £xx\^iii [cust.] vii s.

Navis Amaldi Crouse xxii die Atigusti

De eodem pro roskin pisce et oleo vaL £viii viii s. et pro ii
quintallis et dî. cere [cust.] iiii s. vii d.

De Radulpho de Sten pro pisce val £xv [cust] iii s. ix d
De Maynardo de Sten pro pisce val £xviii

[cust.] iiii s, vi d.
De Tydemanno Rokout pro pisce val £xvii

[cust.] iiii s, iii d.

De Johanne le Wyte pro pisce val £xxiiii et pro ii quintallis

i qr. cere [cust.] \iii s. iii d.

De Helming' de Came pro pisce et redwerk' val £xxviii et

pro v quintallis cere [cust.] xii s.

De Rigbot de Scothorp' pro pisce val. £viii [cust.] ii s.

Navis Johannis Heth' xxii die Augusti

De eodem pro redwerk' val xs. et pro ii quintallis i qr. cere

[cust.] ii s. iiii d. ob.
De Wemekino Cale pro pisce val £lx et pro iii quintallis cere

[cust] xviii s»
De Henrico de Maideburgh* pro redwerk^ et pisce val £xx

[cust] v s.
De Albright Calmer pro pisce val £xv [cust.] iii s. ix d.

, De Hermanno de TMstelham pro pisce et oleo val £xx

[cust] v s.

296 THE EARLY ESGUSH CUSTOMS

De Hillebrond de Linne pro iii hostours vaL xv s.

[cust] ii d. q.

De Gerwino le W)rse Hillebrond Sconeweder et Folcardo de

Lithesketh' pro acero stithies quemestones et lapidibus

molaribus val. £cccc ix [cust.] di s. iii d.

Navis Amaldi Blank' xxiiii die Augusti

De Henrico Suertfar' pro boghestaves teer et dnere val. £x

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
De Arnaldo Blanc pro bord et cork' val. £vii

[cust.] xxi d.

De Johanne de Holdefar' pro boghestaves teer et pice val.

£xviii [cust.] iiii s. vi d.

De Conrado de Maideburgh' pro boghestaves val. xz s.

[cust.] iii d.
De Johanne Greue pro bord et boghestaves val. £vi

[cust.] xviii d.
Naves Plunis Skret' et Jacobi de Suthfen' xxiiii die Augusti
De Tidemanno Crane OUebright de Estlond Conrado de
Rine et Herdmod Hellewyn pro acero val. £cc iiïi"xii

[cust.] Ixxiii s.
Navis Andreae de Estlond xxiiii die Augusti
De Hertmot Hellewyn pro acero val. £c xi

[cust.] xxvii s. ix d.
Navis Tidemanni de Minstre xxiiii die Augusti

De eodem pro i quintallo i qr. cere [cust.] xv d.

IX* Reginaldo de Minne pro ii quintallis i qr. cere

[cust.] ii s. iii d.
De eodem pro pisce oleo et pellibus caprinis val. £xxxii

[cust] viii s.
De Henrico de Lippe pro pisce et oleo val. £xxix

[cust.] vii s. iii d.
De Muneholt de Gripeswold pro di. quintallo i qr. cere

[cust.] ix d.
Do oixlem pro pisce oleo et roskin val. £xx x s.

[cust.] V s. i d. ob.

Do Johanne de Lubik' pro pisce roskin et pellibus caprinis

\-al. £xxx X s. [cust.] vii s. vii d. ob.

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

297

De Herdewico de Lippe pro ii quintallis et di. cere

[custj ii s. vi d.
De eodem pro pi see vaL £x\ii \cust] iiii s. Hi d.

Siimma valons renim £mm Ixxii iii s. probata
Summa [custume] £xlv xxiii d, q.

De Johanne Telet pro i quîntallo xiiii libris cere

[cust.] xiii d. ob.
De eodem pro pisce et roskîn val. £xxi [cost] v s. iii d.

De Giles Jolif * pro Ixiii parmis sine grano [cust,] bdii s.

De Daniel de Popering' pro ix pannis sine grano

[cust.] ix s.

De Willelmo Mitekin pro iii pannis mixtis in grano et pro xx

pannis sine grano [aist] xxvi s.

De Lode wi CO de Toi both' pro ii pannis mixtis in grano et pro

xi pannis sine grano [cust] xiiii s.

De Godefrido de Ipre pro xxix pannis sine grano

Icust] xxix s.
De Clais de Akene pro i scarletta et pro xlv pannis sine grano

[cust] xlvii s.
Navis Johannis Wale de Rodestok* xxix die Augusti

De eodem Johanne pro pisce vaL Ix s. [cust.] ix d.

De Gerkino Due pro pisce et oleo val £xxvii

[cust.] vi s. is d.
De Ludekino de Cousefeld pro pisce val* £xxviii

[cust] vii s.
De Johanne de Paris pro pisce val* £xiii
De Johanne de Betham pro pisce val. £xv
De Ricardo Frese pro pisce val £xi
De Ditelef del S ten pro pisce val. £xvi
De Henrico del Sten pro pisce val. £xii
De Roberto But' pro xl pannis sine grano
Na\îs Gobel Pape xxx die Augusti

De Godefrido de Colonia pro gladiis val £xxiiii [cust) vi s.
De Rikewyno de Colonia pro gladiis et capellis val, £xxxix

[cust] ÎX s. ix d.
De Henrico de Colonia pro gladiis et capellis val. £xii

[cust] iii s.

[cust.] iii s. iii d.

[cust*] iii 3. ix d,

[cust.] ii s. ix d.

[cust.] iiii s.

[cust.l iii s.

[cust] xl s.

298

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Rikewyno fratre Godefridi pro gladiis et capellis val.

£xvm [cust.] îiîi s. vi d.

De Franco de Colonîa pro gladîîs et capellis vaL £xxîui

[cusL] \-i s.
De Tidemanno de Colonia pro gladiis et capellis vaL £xvii

[cust.] iiii s. iii d.
Navis Folcardi Frese primo die Septembris

De Henrico de Holdefar' pro vii quintallis cere [cust] vii s.
De eodem pro sturionn teer bord boghestaves et cinere val.
£xxxii x\di s. [cust.] viii s, ii d. ob.

De Johanne de Holdefar' pro cupro val. £xx [cusL] v s.

De Roberto de Holueston" pro xxiiii pannis sine grano

[cust] xxiiii s.
De Ricardo de Welleburne pro x\^ pannis sine grano

[cust] xviii s.

De Willelmo de Roclond pro ii pannis sine grano (cust,) ii s.

De Hugone Ferer pro averio ponderis val. £iiii^ xiii vi s.

viii d. [cust.] xxiii s. iiii d.

De Gerardo Durant pro averio ponderis val £cc iiii^

[cust.] Ixx s.
De Stephano de Lîuernonn pro averio ponderis val £c x xiii s.
iiii d. [cust,] xx\^ii s, \âii d.

Navis Willelnû fiUi Magistri WiOelmi primo die Septembris
De eodem Willelmo pro aUio val xxxv s. [cust] v d. q.

De Dedrico del Sond pro allio val c x s. [cust,] xvi d. ob,
Navis Olberti de Herdewyco primo die Septembris
De eodem Olberto pro wadmol val c s. [oist,] xv d.

De eodem pro v ostours et i tertel val xl s. [cust.] vi d.
De Tidemanno Rigild pro wadmol val £c [cust,] xxv s.

De Hermanno Vale pro wadmol roskin et dnere val. £lx et
pro di, quintallo cere [cust.] xv s. vi d.

Navis Saeri de Ripe v die Septembris

De Johanne de Rode pro griseo opere wadmol et cinere val.

£lx [cust] XV 8.

De Snithewynd pro wadmol cinere et vetere panno val £xxx

[cust] viis. vid.
De Henriœ Suart pro pice teer wadmol et cinere val £xxvi

[cast,] vi s, vi d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

299

Navis Wernekin Godeyer v die Septembris

De eodem Wernekino pro pisce vaL £xx [custj v s.

De Henrico de Minstre pro pisce et oleo vaL £xxvi

[custj vi s. vi d.

De Amaldo Guystel pro pisce val. £xxî [custj v s. iîî d.

De Bertramo le White pro pisce val. £vii |cust.] xxi d.

De Gerkino de Wernemiind pro pisce vaL £xii [cust] îîî s.

De Hamelino Lung' pro pisce vaL £xi [custj ii s. ix d.

De Wernekino Smyth ^ pro pisce vaL c x s. [cust] xvi d. ob.
Navis Ludbright' de Snythen vii die Septembris

De eodem Ludbright^ pro pisce vaL £xiiii [cust.] iii s. vi d,

rDe Johanne Thousendpond pro pisce et oleo vaL £xxxvi
■ [cust,] ix s.

De Johamie de Lippe pro pisce et oleo vaL £xxxi
[cust] vii s. ix d.
De Henrico de Felthous pro pisce vaL £xvi (cust,] iiii s.
De Johanne Smyth* pro pisce vaL £xix [cust.] iiii s, ix d.
Navis Hermanni de Lubik' ™ die Septembris
De Johaime Thousendpond pro pisce oleo et pellibus caprinis
vaL £xxx [cust.] vii s. vi d.

De Helming' de Gripeswald pro pisce oleo et pellibus capri-
nis val. £x [cust.] ii s. vi d.
De Johanne de Melne pro pisce oleo et pellibus caprinis vaL
£xxviii [cust.] w s.
De Dedardo Rauen pro pisce vaL £vi [cust.] xviii d.
De Hermanno Scult' pro pisce vaL £xii et pro xiii quintaliis
cere [cust,] xvi s,
Navis Johannis de Wytenburgh* ix die Septembris
De Johanne de Melne pro viii quintaliis et di. cere

[cust] viii s. vi d.
De eodem pro pisce et cupro vaL Xxlii [cust.] x s. vi d.

De Wernekino le Juuene pro pisce vaL £xxx

[cust.) \ii s. vi d.
De Adulpho Cule pro pisce vaL £xxv [cust.] vi s. iii d.

De Johanne Dorleîns pro pisce val. £xv [cust.] iii s. ix d.
De Johanne le White pro pisce vaL £viii [cust] ii s.

De Euerardo de Dertemund pro pisce vaL £xvi [cust] iiii s.

30O

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis Conradi Houener îx die Septembris

De eodem Conrado pro pisce bordis et pétris acutis val, £x

[oist] ii s. vi d.

De Henrico le Whise pro xiiii quinlallis cere [cust.] xiiii s.

De Johanne Wydescowe pro pisce vaL c s. [cost.) rv d.

De Petro Sonderiand pro pisce val £iiii [cust,] xii d.

De Gerkino Make pro pisce val £xx et pro î quintallo cere

[ciist.] vi s*

De Henrico de Cousefend pro pisce val £xiiii [cust.] iii s. vi d.
Na\is Johannis le Lung' xiii die Septembris

De eodem Johanne pro pisce val £vi [cust.] xviii d.

De Hermanno Make pro pisce val £xxviii [cust.] vii s.

De Johanne del Sten pro pisce et stralling' val £xxix

[cust.j vii s. ill d.

De Hermanno Moppe pro pisce val £xiiii [ens t.] iii s, vi d*

De Hermanno de Witenburgh' pro pisce val. £3cx et pro i ■
quintallo et di, cere [cust,] xi s. vi d.

De Arnaldo Scult' pro pisce val £vi [cust,] xviii d.

De Hermanno de Horseie pro pisce val £x [cust J ii s. vi d.
Navis Antonii de Lubik' xiiii die Septembris

De eodem Antonio pro iiil falconibus val be s, [cust.] ix d.

De Tidemanno le Wyse pro x\'iii quintallis cere [cust.] xviii s.

De eodem pro pisce et oleo val £xxx [cust,] vii s. vi d.

De Bernardo le Wise pro pisce oleo et bordis val. £xxi

[custj V s, iii d.

De Johanne le Wise pro pisce et oleo val, £vlii [cust.] ii s.

De Henrico de Sosat' pro pisce val. £xviii [oist.] iiii s. vi d.

De Godescalco de Lubik' pro pisce et roskln val. £xii

[cust.] iii s.
Summa valons rerum £m viiiS^ xii s. probata
Summa [custumej £xxxïx viii s, q.

De Conrado Helt' pro pisce oleo et roskin val £xx

[cust] V 5

De Edrico de Lubik' pro pisce val. £x [cust,] ii s. vi d.

De Henrico le Wyse pro xii quintallis i qr. cere

[cust.] xii s. iii d •
De Henrico de Cousefend pro ix quintallis cere [cust.] ix ^ *

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

301

Navîs Johannis de Parkham xvi die Septembris
De eodem Johanne pro pisce vaL £x [oust.] li s. vi d*

De Hermamio Keseling' pro pisce val. £xxvi

[cust.] vi s, vi d.
De Bertoldo Hamer pro pisce roskin et popel val £xx

[cust) vs.
De Johanne Pelegrin pro pisce val. £xvii [cust.] iiii s, iii d.
De Nicholao de Mellestret' pro pisce val. £x

[cust J iî s, vi d,
)e Engilbright' le Lung' pro pisce et oleo val £xxvi

[cust] vi s. vi d.

De Hermanno Scult' pro pisce val. £iiji et pro xv quintallis

cere [cust.] xvi s.

De Henrico de Oure pro pisce val £iiîî [aist! xii d.

De Johanne de Lubik' pro pisce et bordis vaU £xxi

[cust] vs. iiid.
Navîs Gerkînî Vring* xvi die Septembris
De eodem Gerkino pro pisce et oleo val £xxiii

[cust.] V s. ix d.
De Nicholao de Mellestret' pro pisce et oleo val £xii

[cust.] îiî s.
De Henrico de Dulmene pro pisce et oleo vaL £viii

[cust.] ii s.
De Johanne Caperi pro pisce val £x [cust.] ii s. vi d,

Navîs Amaldi de Andwerpia xvi die Septembris

De Johanne de Lubik' pro xv quintallis cere [cust.] xv s.
De Johanne de Essen pro xvi panais sine grano [cust.] xvi s.
De Johanne Pape pro xv quintalUs cere [cust.J xv s.

De Wydekino de Reuil pro xix quintallis cere [custj xix s.
De Albright de Selle pro v quintallis cere [cust.] v s.

De Bidaldo del Droun pro melle val. £xxiii vi s, viii d.

[cust.] vs. X d.
De Arnaldo Pouche pro lampredis val Ix s. [cust,] ix d.

Summa valons rerum £cc xl™ vi s. viii d.
Summa [custume| £viii viii s. i d.
Ultimus dimidius annus xxxi:
Summa totalis itius rotuli de rebus adductis:

302

TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Summa totalis pamii de scarletta vii panni unde

cusL xiui s.
SuiBma panni mixti in grano xlv panni unde

cust. IxvU s. vi d.
Summa panni sine grano mcc iiii*^ ii panni di. i qr. unde

cust. £lxiiii ii s. is d.
Smnma cere ccc xii quintal!! di. i qr. unde

cust. £3cv xii s. ix d.

Summa valoris aliamm renim etc. £v**ccc lodx viii s. iiii d,

unde cust. £lxvi xii s. iiii d.

Summa totalis denariorum £c 1 Lx s. iiH d. probata

{ 34. An account of the new custom on goods exported or imparted
by aliens^ colkcied in the port of Sandwich {and rmmbers)^
2Ç September y 1304 — 28 September, ZJ05,

The *'port" of Sandwich is here said to include all places on the
coast from Winchelsea to Faversham. It is notable that, what-
ever the distribution of the coast-line into ** ports," the old shire
alignments were ignored. The account is di\dded into three parts
according to the group of commodities dealt with: wool, woolfells,
and hides; cloth and wax; and goods subject to poundage.
Dates are not given, nor the particulars of shipping such as the
name of the ship, its master, home port or destination. In the
case of goods paying poundage, the amount of the goods is rarely
mentioned. Unusual imports were monkeys, swords, and horses;
of greater interest was the ** gold for sale." The total value of
gold imported cannot be exactly detemiined but it was about
£200 in lots from 26s. 6d. to £38, with an average shipment of
about £10. If this much gold was declared, one asks, how much
was smuggled in ? A similar question is raised concerning the
ten-odd pounds' worth of gold declared on exportation. We find
horses exported as well as imported, those exported being much
cheaper. While the average price of those imported was £6 155.
and of " big " horses £15 2s., the average of those exported was
42s. 6d. and of work horses ijumenia) 8s. 7d. We expect, of
course, to read of bacon, com, and coal bekig exported, but not of
wine or beef {carms bovine). In all probability the beef was salted.

I
I

NE[^' CUSTOM OF 1303

303

Particule nove custiime recepte apud Saodwycum et in omni-
bus lods ab inde per costeram maris usque Wynchelsegam et
Feuerisham a festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi
xxxii usque idem festum proximo sequens anno xxxiii.^

Custuma lanarum pellium lanutaruni et coriorum per loca
predicta de regno eductorum anno xxxiii

De Simone le Burser pro xxxii cla\ds lane ii s. î d.

De Johanne HaHbek' pro bdiîi sacds et xxi clavis lane

£x xiiii s. viii d, q.
De Simone Chaundeler pro xxîiîî da\'is lane x\iii d. ob.
De Waltero le Braseur pro xix sacds et xHiii clavis lane

brvi s. ÎÎ d.
De Lamberto Danyn pro uno sacco et xliii clavis lane

\'i s, i d. q.
De Henrico Couent pro iiii sacds et xlvî clavis lane

XVÎ s. iii d. ob.

De Willelmo Buk' pro iiii sacds xi davis lane et pro xx\i

pellibus lanutis xiiii s. iiii d.

De Dionisio Belle de Ispre pro iiii saccis et iii davis lane

xiiis. VÎ d. q.
De Johanne de Fredecosyn pro ii sacds lane vi s. viii d.
De Johanne le Burser pro uno sacco et xxviii davis lane

V s, i d, ob, q.
De Willelmo Buk' et soc[io ?] eius pro iii sacds et xlvii clavis
lane xiii s.

De Johanne Sea Hard pro liiii pellibus lanutis vii d.

De Johanne le Potyere pro Ii velleribus lane non lote vii d.
De Egidio de Bolljuges pro ii saccis et xvii clavis lane

vii s. ix d, q.
De Laurentio Rykenard pro c pellibus lanutis

xui d, ob, q.
De Johanne Rolof pro xxxi pellibus lanutis îiiî d, q.

De Simone le Burser pro xviii davis lane xîîîi d.

De Pelegrino de Berus pro x dacris coriorum iii s* iiii d.

De Petro Tresers pro xxxii dacris coriorum x s» viii d.

De Pdegrino de Beleuse pro xxxiii dacris coriorum xi s.
) MS., K. 0., K. R. Cu5t43ms, i24/x3>

L rSE SAJStLT ENGUSH CUSTOMS

r- "lirsmi ie 3ime pro m dacris corionim nd

r* x.ffrr? » ?nnne pro îx dacris corionim Bi

7-* -fWTTr Donryaçe pro m davis lane jxd n

*- *-*rr :« ^^t pro mxi dacris corionim xs.md

^- ''"*—• ^ " Jrojvs pro X dacris COTÎonim ins.md

> .lazzc Tiat pro i£ davis lane idoLq.

> :iiZ3: 'iuKftva pro vi davis ct di. lane et jro Iir
>-:Lti> iC!i2s xiudob.<i.

'- •^•. r- >ctle TTC? ,vj jriî peQibas lanutis iiïî s. i d

^r -v.rn'.nc :s^ :?Î3Ù» pro ano sacco et vî clavfe laoe

ius.ixd
"■: \.r.v.i. y-raÀ pro 'à davis lane vd

* : :.-:iin--T: -'ie*-2 ?ro i davis lane et pro c pellîbus lannts

xvdq.

^r"-'- ':;jl'ï!5l:u pro ix iacris corionim in s.

_ x u-j :c sx::o ^» eius pro uno sacco et xv davis

^^ iiiis.iiidq.

' ;....- ^iio^icr 7m f.' iacris et dL corionim vs. iid

-, \ .• ->. ^xirru -:^-^ ^v davis lane et pro cc Ivii pdfibus

> v s. ÎX d ob.

\ .' -*. -Sii ,*r.* 'ax davis lane et c 5 pellîbus lanutis

ii s. iiii d. ob.
, . •: <• -i^î-ot :n-? iii .ascs ec vii dacris COTÎorum

xxii s. iiii d.

. -. -. .."-cyv'-viK .:nj X iacds corioimn iii s. iiii d.

'.: :"j.v.rr^ ,\inurani iis. viiid

\ -..-v: T»' V .-uivf^ .ane ;*t six peOfbos lanutis

.... J
xiuid.

, ^u:"C^ •r*; : \isio : iacr^ corionim etproix

-..> ...::> vns. idob.

« \. • *. ■- ".-...^^^.^.-s *n? ^ iucds curionmi iii s. iiii d

"♦.' :^^. «.-•..■ /u-^-v •: .Tj me îUctj iane nis. înid

> ?» .:lv' •:,.■ :j "V .•< :r: ^T.-i da^-is lane rid

•t l-rtriri\: 3' '^.:irz :r: inc iucrj lane ec ccl p^flxbis lizutis

vi Sw £ d ob.

i*t "xizi: rhaliick pr: xx davis lane et pro xxv peSbas

-ar«ucis ixx d

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

30s

De Johmine de Corbye pro v saccis et xiiî clavîs lane

xviî s, vî d.
De Johanne de Wadynton' pro xviiî clavis lane xîîii d.

De eodem pro xxx davis lane xxîii d» q,

' De Henrico de la Chyse pro vîî clavîs lane v d. q.

De Johanne Lot' de Dunkyrke pro xlvii dav'is lane iii s, q.
De Johanne Scerre de Popermge pro c Ixvii pellibus lanutis

xxii d. ob.

De Johanne Lot' de Dunkîrke pro une sacco et xxvi davis

lane v s.

De Johanne de Hutescote pro ii sacds et xlvi clavîs lane et

pro DC Ixv pellibus lanutis xvii s.

I De Waltero Wodecok' pro uno sacco xîî clavis lane et pro c i

pellibiis lanutis v s. îî d. ob. q.

De Johanne Pipere de Hulst' pro xxviii clavîs lane

xxi d. ob.
De Henrico Sunderland pro î sacco et xxxv clavîs lane

v s. vîî d,

[De Copino Catel pro x davîs lane vîî d.

[De Johanne Bricon pro xxîiiî davis lane x\îîî d. ob*

De Johanne Kyncheles pro iii sacds et xv davîs lane

X s, ix d. ob. q.
fDe Johanne Truffe de Wytsand pro iiiî sacds et xU davis
lane xv s. xi d. ob.

De Johanne Fusel de Corbye pro îi sacds lane vî s. vîiî d.
De Roberto de Par^-^s pro ii sacds et xlviiî davis lane

îx s. îx d.
De Jordano de Hauyie pro xxvîîî sacds lane £iiii xiîi s.

De Stephano Audenard pro xxxvi davis lane

ii 5. iîi d. ob. q.
De Johanne Moner pro ix sacds et i clavo lane xxx s. î d.
De Bydaus Bor>'Os pro iî saccis et xxviii clavis lane

viii s. V d. ob. q.
De Johanne de Baiona pro xxîi sacds et iii davîs lane

£iiî xiiî s. vi d ob.
De Domyngo Mart>Ti pro î dacra coriorxun îiii d.

De Johanne de Wadynton' pro xvi davis lane xii d. ob.

3o6

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Jofaanne de Corbye pro vi sacds et xviii davis lane

xxi s. ii d.
De eodexn pro ii sacds et xlv davis lane ix s. vii d.

De Johanne Chandeler pro c xxi pdlibus lanutis xvi d.

De eodem pro xi davis et di, lane ix d.

De Stephano Oiidenard pro c pellibus lanutis et pro iii da\TS
lane xvi d.

Summa * lananim cc xviii sacd xxx davi
Summa denariorum custume £xxx\i viii s. vii d. q
Summa pellium lanutanim ii^DC x
Summa denariorum custume xxix s.
Summa coriorimi xiii laste x dacre et di.
Summa denariorum custume £iiii x s, ii d.
Summa incremeiiti per particulas ob.
Costuma pannonim et cere per loca predicta in regnum
adductorum anno xxxiii
Sandwicus:
De Johanne Cynktroe et soc(îo ?] dus pro xxiiii pannis sine
grano xxiiii s.

De Petro Joce pro uno quintallo cere xii d.

De Joharme de Burgoyne pro i quintallo cere xii d.

De Bernardo de Beras pro c Iii parniis sine grano

£vii xii s.

De Willelmo Buk' pro xx\dii pannis sine grano xxviii s.

De Salomone de Ryngerigge pro iiii quintalUs cere iiii s.

De Reymundo Tortye pro x pannis sine grano x s.

Dc Garda de Sancto Andrea pro iii quintallis cere iii s.

De Petro Geraud pro x pannis sine grano x s.

De Johanne Petri de Sancta Helena pro i quintallo et di. et

i qr. cere xsd d.

De Johanne Fredecosyn pro xvi pannis sine grano xvi s.

De Thoma de Lema pro x pannis et di. sine grano x s. vi d.

De Negone de Wall^ane pro di. panno sine grano vi d.

De Johanne de Sancto Sebastiano pro ii quintallis et i qr.

cere ii s. iii d.

De Petro de Cartase pro i quarterio cere iii d.

^ These totals are bracketed under the heading probata.

^V NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

307 H

De Cateno Large pro i panno sine grano

xiid. ^^1

De Johanne Perers pro m pannis sine grano

^^^1

De Johanne Stalyn pro xiiii pannis sine grano

xiiii s. ^^^1

, De Lambekino Hodew>Tie pro xvi pannis sine grano xvi s. ^^|

De Amaldo de Mees pro iiii quintallis cere

iiiis. ^^H

De Petro de W>tale pro viii quintailis cere

viii s. ^H

De Johanne Alfonso pro ii quintallis et di. cere

ii s* vi d. ^H

De Martino Feu pro iii quintallis cere

lus. ^H

De Cipriano Peres pro iii quintallis cere

iiis. ^H

De Petro Johan de Lessebone pro x pannis sine grano x s. ^^|

De Jacobo de Gaunt' pro viii pannis sine grano

viiis. ^H

De Simone de Mylan pro vii pannis sine grano

viis* ^H

De eodem pro ii pannis mixtis in grano

ins. ^H

De Thoma de Cluche pro xvi pannis sine grano

De Frederico le Fauconer pro iii quarteriis cere

De Petro de Vyle pro ii quintallis cere

De Garcia de Mynges pro v quintallis cere

De Laurentio de Toys pro v quintallis cere

De Johanne de Mynges pro iii quintallis cere

De Willelmo Perot' pro xxv pannis sine grano

xxvs. ^^M

De Domyngo de Poun pro icvi quintallis cere

xvis. ^^M

De Petro Geraud pro iiii quintallis cere

iiiis. ^H

De Danyele Sakyn pro L\ pannis sine grano

^^M

De Martino Peres pro iii quintallis et di. cere

iii s. vi d. ^^M

De Simone Idesone pro i panno sine grano

xii d, ^^M

De Dinaldo de Wytsand pro xii pannis sine grano

xii s. ^^M

De Petro de Raft pro v pannis sine grano

V ^^M

De Johanne de Mossak' pro di. quintallo cere

De Petro Cunaud pro xx panms sine grano

XX s. ^^M

De Bartholomeo de M>Tiges pro iii quintallis cere

iii s. ^H

De Willelmo Arnaud pro xviii quintallis cere

xviii s. ^^Ê

De Amato de Lysto pro xv quintallis cere

XV s. ^^Ê

De Johanne de la Bay pro ii quintallis cere

De Johanne Peres pro iiii quintallis cere

iiiis. ^H

De Johanne le Los pro c i quarteriis cere

XV d. ^H

De Hugone Gillard pro ii pannis sine grano

De Clayo de Moram pro ii pannis sine grano

3o8

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Johanne le But' pro îii pannis sine grano iïî s.

De Baldino de Histre pro di. panno sine grano vi A

De Johanne de Hereford pro ii pannis sine grano îi s.

De Michaele Ryberak' pro xix quintallis cere xix s.

De Marco de Solier pro iiii quintallis cere iiii s.

De Roderico de Lessebone pro iii quintallis et dî. cere

iii s. vi d.
De Martmo de Lessebone pro ii quintallis et di, cere

u s. VI d.
De Dionisîo Belle pro liiii panms sine grano Uiii s.

De Johanne Panyer pro di. panno sine grano vi d.

De Salomone de Stades pro x pannis sine grano x s.

De Petro de Lessebone pro iii quintailis cere iii s.

De Laurentio Peres pro uno quiniaMo cere xii d.

De Johanne Annerer pro ii pannis sine grano ii s.

De Baldewino Cok' pro di. panno sine grano vi d.

De Johanne de Bere pro di. panno sine grano vi d.

De Johanne de Beche pro viii quintallis cere viii s.

De Gerardo Henner' pro iiii pannis sine grano iiii s.

De Amaldo de Braban pro iii pannis sine grano îii s.

De Seîmo de Lessebone pro x quintallis cere x s.

De Willelmo Buck' pro xiii pannis sine grano riii s.

De Bodîno de Sancto Petro pro ii pannis sine grano iî s.
De Kanino Ryche de Pepering' pro xiii pannis sine grano

xiii s.
De Johanne de Kanay pro xix pannis sine grano xix s.

De Bartholomeo de Wes pro xiiii pannis sine grano xîiii s.
De Baldewino de Wes pro xiii pannis sine grano jdii s.

Dé Johanne Stefne pro di. panno sine grano vi d.

De Johanne Fos pro i panno et di. sine grano xvîii d*

De Waltero Banyer pro di. panno sine grano vî d.

De Nicholao de Rat' pro iiii pannis sine grano îîiî s.

De Hugone Sarpal pro i panno sine grano xii d.

De Claio Roui pro ii pannis sine grano ii s.

De Salomone de Stades pro vi pannis sine grano vî s.

De Galfrido Beuburgeys pro i panno et di. sine [grano]

xvîii d.

^^B^^™ NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

309 ^H

De Henrico de Clysse pro i panno sine grano

xiid. ^H

De WilJelmo Tobyn pro i quarterio cere

iiid, ^H

De Johanne le Ray pro di. panno sine grano

^^M

De Petro Geraud pro i panno sine grano

xiid, ^^Ê

1 De Johanne Proy pro i quintallo cere et i qr. cere

XV d. ^H

De Johanne Scenere pro vi pannîs sine grano

De Nicholao de Monketaye pro uno panno sine grano xîî d. ^^|

De Henrico Los pro ii pannîs et di. sine grano

ii s. \d d. ^^1

De Johanne Curt' pro 1 qiiintallo cere

xiid, ^M

De Waltero Willesone pro î panno et di. sine grano xviii d. ^^|

De Dionisio Belle pro !vi pannîs sine grano

De eodem pro i panno scarleto

^^M

De Agneta le Bursere pro ii pannis sine grano

De Hauekyno de Pepering' pro xii pannis sine grano xii s. ^^^

De Ferano Garcye pro viii pannis sine grano

viiis> ^^M

De Monand de Premeret' pro iii pannis et dî. sine

grano ^^M

iii s* vi d. ^^M

De Copino Catel pro i panno et di. sine grano

xviii d. ™

De Willelmo Heurad pro î panno sine grano

xiid.

De Arnulfo Swart' pro i panno ndxto in grano

xviii d.

De Johanne Clerico pro di. panno sine grano

vi d.

De Willelmo de Scote pro Lx\iii pannis sine grano

lx\iii s.

De Johanne Boryere pro di. panno sine grano

vi d.

De Bidau de Panne pro vix pannis sme grano

viis.

De Crîstiano Tronyn pro i qr. panni sine grano

iii d.

De Willelmo V>Ticent pro iii pannis sine grano

iiis.

De Bidau de Baillo pro xiii pannis sine grano

xiiis.

De Petro de BrycJado pro i panno sine grano

•• *
xiid.

De Johanne Candyr pro ii pannis sine grano

lis.

Doiiorria:

De Egidio de Bonyng* pro vii pannis sine grano

viis.

De Rogero de Roy pro ii pannis sine grano

ii s.

De Johanne de Wesschot pro ii pannis in quibus

pars grani

est

iiis.

De eodem pro x\i pannis et di. sine grano

xvi s. vi d.

De Henrico le Gay pro xx pannis et quarta parte unîus panni |

sine grano

XX s. iii d. ■

3IO

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johanne le Hedyn pro vi scarlettis xii s*

De eodem pro Uii paiinis in quibus pars graoi est vi s.

De eodem pro xrvii pannis sine grano xxvii s.

De Petro Hardeu pro xi pannis sine grano xi s.

De Godefrido Derpse pro vii pannis in quibus pars grani est

X s, VÎ d.
De eodem pro xxx pannis sine grano xxx s.

De Johanne Veght' de Loueyne pro îii scarietUs et pro îî

pannis in quibus pars grani est ix s.

De eodem pro xvii pannis sine grano xvii s.

De Johanne Stemp (?) pro iiii pannis in quibus pars grani est

et pro xviii pannis sine grano xxiiii s.

De Henrico Garbe pro vi scarlettis et pro xKiii pannis in

quibus pars grani est Ixxviii s.

De eodem pro xliii pannis sine grano xliii s.

De Alneldo Pelegrino pro xi pannis in quibus pars grani est

xvi s. vi d.
De eodem pro viii pannis sine grano viîî s.

De Johanne Derpse pro i scarlelo et pro i panno in quo pars

grani est iii s. vi d.

De eodem pro xx pannis sine grano xx s.

De Reginaldo Greteboye pro \iii pannis in quibus pars grani

est xii 5.

De eodem pro \îîi pannis sine grano viii s.

De Willelmo Languerod de Dystr' pro i panno in quo pars

grani est xviii d.

De eodem pro xii pannis sine grano xii s.

De Godefrido Bemyngg' pro ix scarlettis et pro xvi pannis

sine grano xxxiiii s,

De Lamberto Grombescot' pro ii scarlettis et pro iii pannis in

quibus pars gram est viii s, vi d.

De eodem pro xix pannis sine grano xix s.

De Audeberto mercatore de Villeboytes pro iii pannis sine

grano iii s.

De Johanne Blaunchard pro iii scarlettis et pro viii pannis

sine grano xiiii s.

De Par' de Florencia pro vi pannis sine grano vi s.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

311

De Eustachio Sagard pro v paimis sme grano v s.

De Hugone de Beselynes pro v panms sine grano v s.

De Egidio Tmffe de Wytsand pro iii pannis et di, sine grano

iii s. vi d.
De eodem pro v pannis sine grano v s.

De legeramo Monet' et socpo ?] eius pro xxvi pannis et di.
sine grano xxvi s. vî d.

De Christiano de Poperinge pro x pannis sine grano x s.
De Willelmo de Gysnes pro iiii pannis sine grano iiii s.

Romeneye :

De exitibus custume ibidem pro Ixii pannis sine grano
_ bdis,

Summa ^ cere c \xx quintalli i qr,
Summa denariorum custume £viii x s. iii d.
Summa pannorum scarletorum xxxi
Summa denariorum custume Ixii s.
Summa pannorum in qutbus pars grani etc. iiii^* x
Summa denariorum custume £vi xv s,
Summa pannorum sine grano mc bcxviii et di,
Summa denariorum custume £lviii xviii s. vi d.
Tustuma averii ponderis et aliarum mercium per loca predicta
in regnum adductorum anno xxxiii
Sand wy eus:

De Lambekino de Lamberugh^ pro xxx Hbratis amigdalorum

alume (?) et olei vii s. vi d.

De Petro Geraud de Feras pro c soldatis basane xv d.

De Roberto Buff* pro xxiii libratis alume v s, ix d.

De Simone de Rustigas pro xxvi libratis v soldatis aliune et

ficorum vi s, \î d, ob, q.

De Rogero de Fontaygne pro ccc libratis allute basane et

alume Ixxv s.

De Willelmo de Prymeret' pro xxiiii libratis basane vî s.

De Petro Geraud pro lx\î libratis xiii soldatis iiii denariatis

basane allute et bog[e] xvi s. viii d.

De Johanne de Bydoygnes pro uii"' xii libratis vi soldatis

allute et basane xxiii s. î d.

* These totalâ are bmcketed under the beading of probûtû.

312

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Vynau pro 1 libratis aluime basane et amigda-

lorum xii s. vi d.

"De Pelegrino de Saradacre pro k libra tîs allute et basane

De Mîchaele de Maun pro vii libratis amigdalomm et
dactylorum xxi d.

De Petro Joce pro viii libratis cimini et rys ii s.

De Bernardo de Ros pro xviii libratis amigdalorum

iiii s. vi d.

De Willelmo Petri de Baiona pro xxx libratis mellis ficonim
et anys vii s. vi d.

De Petro de Perye pro vi libratis allute xviii d.

De Johanne Hark' pro xx soldatis ferri iii d.

De Johanne Pipere pro 1 soldatis turbe vii d. ob.

De Johanne Rener pro 1 soldatis turbe et bladi vii d. ob.

De Johanne Scapeloun pro xl soldatis turbe vi d.

De Thoma Scadyot' pro xx soldatis turbe iii d.

De Salomone de Ryngerigge pro k soldatis argenti vivi

ixd.

De Reimundo de Tortye pro vi libratis allute amigdalorum et
ficorum xvôiî d.

De Philippe Fumer pro xxviii libratis vi soldatis lane
Hispannie vii s. i d.

De Johanne Clerico pro vi libratis argenti vivi xviii d-

De Lauren tio Bonard pro c soldatis amigdalorum xv d.

De Martino Brusel pro vu libratis sepi et peUium ovîum

xxi d.

De Johanne de la Baye pro xxvi libratis argenti vivi

vi s. vi d.

De Martino de Verger pro i simea ad xiii s. estimata îi d.

De Daniele Curtoys pro xx soldatis pellium agnorum iii cL

De Sencho de Coreson pro xxiiii libratis alume et aougda-
lonim vi s.

De Bernardo Franceys pro iiii^ libratis ficonmn et amigda-
lorum XX s.

De Arnaldo Bernard pro k Mbratis allute et basane xv s.

De Arnaldo de France pro Kiii libratis allute xiiii s. vi d.

NEW CUSTOM OP 1303 313

,De Johanne de Martre pro riviii libra tis pellium agnorum

xiis.
De Garda de Sancto Andrea pro \\ libratis argeoti vivi

xviîî d.
De Willelmo Pipere pro xx soldatis turbe iii d.

De Johanne Mariesone pro xl soldatis turbe vi d.

De Johanne Petri de Sancta Elena pro Ixxvi libratis mellis

et uncti xix s.

De Nicholao de Markes pro dccc libratis alume allute et

xukeris £x

De Andrea de la Tour pro cccc iiii"^ libratis alume et

amigdalorum £vi

De Nicholao Bolle pro xl soldatis turbe vi d.

De Monetto Lumbard pro xxii libratis allute v s, vi d.

De Petro Anketyn pro xxx libratis wadii vii s, vi d.

De Thoma Gauge pro vi'"^ libratis wadii xxx s.

De Johanne del Bay pro iiii'" iii libratis cimini [et] argenti

vivi XX s. ix d.

De Willelmo de Huile pro xvi libratis peletrie iiii s.

De Johanne Scyroun pro c soldatis amigdalorum xv d.

De Johanne Hidesone pro xxx soldatis turbe ilii d. ob.

De Negone Wallesane pro xxv libratis allute vi s. iii d.

De Martino de Leme pro 1 libratis allute et argenti vivi

XÎÎ s. vi d.
De Petro Arnaud pro xxxv* libratis allute et lane Hispannie

viii s. Lx d.
De Sencho de Baiona pro xxxvi libratis allute peletrie et

dmini ix s.

De Pelegrino Franceys pro c libratis allute ferri et fiJade

XXV s.
De Willelmo Arnaud pro xxiiii libratis allute basane et ferri

vis.
De Jacobo Lydard pro xl soldatis turbe vi d.

De Johanne Peres pro xl soldatis pellium cuniculorum vi d*
De Galfrido Lamburgh' pro \îi libratis salis xxi d.

De Petro Honpu pro xvi libratis xiii soldatis iiii denariatis

ferri iiii s. ii d.

^^M

^^m 314 TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

^^^^B De Petro Mone pro xl soldatis ferri

VI d. ■

^^^^H De Martino Garde pro iiii libratis ficonim et

racemorum 1

xii d. 1

iiii d. ob. 1

^^^^H De Petro Peres pro xxx soldatis ficonim

^^^^H De Johanne de Bemes pro xvi libratis dmirn

mis. ■

^^^^H De Monetto Lumbard pro xxxii libratis fern et lîcoride |

viiis.

^^^^H Summa ^ mercandlsaniin ili*' c v librate xvi

sddate \iii

^^^^H denariate

^^^^H Sumina ^ denarîorum aistume £xxxviii xvi s

u v d, ob.

^^^^H De incremento i d.

^^^^^H De Nicholao de Ifre pro vi libratis alledi

xviii d.

^^^^^H De Johanne Hagh' pro c soldatis allecli

XV d.

^^^^^H De Gilberto Rener pro iiii libratis alledi

xii d.

^^^^H De Lauren tio de Wente pro xx soldatis alledi

iii d.

^^^^^H De Willelmo Clyok* pro xx soldatis alledi

iiid.

^^^^^H De Johanne Cristian pro iiii libratis alledi

adid.

^^^^^H De Botte Belle pro iiii libratis allecii

xiid.

^^^^H De Simone Grys pro xx soldatis alledi

iiiiL

^^^^^H De Michaele Mon pro xxiii soldatis alledi

iii d. ob.

^^^^^" De Hugone Dur pro xxx soldatis allecii

iiii d. ob.

^^H De Dauido Cok' pro xx soldatis allecii

iiid.

^^^H De Johanne Denys pro lx\d soldatis alledi

zd.

^^^H De Johanne Gerard pro xl soldatis alledi

vîd.

^^^B De WiUehno Boucard pro 1 soldatis alledi

vîi d. ob.

^^H De Bartholomeo Cok' pro xx soldatis alledi

iiid.

^ De Hugone Hunger pro xx soldatis alledi

iiid.

^ De Copelino Hughelyn pro xl soldatis allecii

vid.

^^^ De Clayo Drue' pro c soldatis alledi

XV d.

^^H De Petro Duryn pro xxx soldatis allecii

iiii d. ob.

^^^^ De Johanne Wynoun pro c x\di soldatis allecii

xviii d. ob.

" De Johanne Cepyn pro xx soldatis allecii

iiid.

De Johanne Clay pro xx soldatis alledi

iiid.

^^H De Michaele de Gr>^s pro xxx soldatis alledi

iiii d. ob.

^^^1 De Johanne de Columbaus pro iiii libratis allecii

xiid.

^^H De Nicholao Hereberd pro xx soldatis alledi

lud.

^^^H Probata.

^^^1

^^f NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

315 ^M

H De Jacobo Hughelyn pro xl soldatis alledi

^^M

H De Alano de Sancto Botulfo pro xx soldatis alledi

^^M

H De Oberto Anys pro xx soldatis alledi

^^M

■ De Clayo Host' pro iiii libratis allecii

^^M

I De Martino de Hulst' pro Ix libratis auri venalis

XV s. ^^M

■ De Petro Arnaud pro c soldatis ficorum et pro iiii

libratis ^^B

■ ferri et anys ii 5. iii d. ^^^

H De Petro Hugyn pro xx soldatis turbe

H De Domyngo de Reft pro iiii libratis ferri et allecîî

H De Willelmo Bat* pro xx soldatis alledî

H De Petro Crabbe pro xx soldatis alledi

H De Johaune Flockere pro xx soldatis turbe et calxis

H De Reimundo de la Mote* pro xl soldatis sepî

H De Johanne Braban pro xxii libratis wadiî v s. vi d. ^^H

H De Petro Baleys [pro] xxx soldatis alledi iiii d. ob. ^^|

H De Johanne de Sancto Sebastiano pro xl libratis ficorum ^^|

H alume et dactylorum

H De Willelmo Baudesone pro xx soldatis turbe

iiid. ^M

H De Jordano Fouberd pro vi libratis ficorum alume et dacty- ^^|

H lorum

xviiid. ^^H

H De Johanne Mariesone pro xl soldatis turbe

H De Petro Johan pro vi libratis ficorum dminî et casei ^^|

xviiid. ^^M

H De eodem pro xx soldatis oleî

iiid. ^m

^^ De Johanne de Mynges pro c soldatis ficorum

XV d. ^fl

^m De Thoma de Cluche pro xl libratis ficorum et racemorum ^^H

H De Willelmo de Heuerbock' et soc[io ?] eîus pro vi

libratis, ^^M

H XV soldatis caligarum

™ ^.: ^' ^l

H De Johanne Peres pro vi libratis sept

xviiid. ^^1

H De Jacobo de Placenda pro vii libratis x soldatis ficorum V

H xxii d. ob. H

H De Frederico le Fauconer pro i simea ad x s, estimata et pro |

H xvi libratis spederum iiii s.

. id. ob. ■

H De Gunsaluo Peres pro xvi libratis pellîum cuniculorum ^^|

iiii s. ^^M

H De Willelmo de Flore pro x soldatis pisds

i d. ob. ^M

3i6

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Petro de Vyle pro viii Ubratis amigdalorum et dactylo-

nim ii s.

De Johanne de Burdeus pro xxviii libratis amigdalonim et

dactylorum . vii s.

De Johanne de Bordham pro Ix soldatis basane et pro I

soldatis pelHum ainiculorum xvi d. ob.

De Garda de Monpen pro Ix soldatis uncti ix d.

De Stephano de Sabon pro vi Ubratis pellium cumculomin

xviiid.
De Amaldo de Gasoy pro xxx soldatis dactylorum iiii d, ob.
De Laurentio de Toys pro xvi libratis amigdalorum et

ficorum liii s.

De Amaldo de Foun pro c soldatis amigdalorum ficorum et

cimini xv d.

De Petro Bat' pro xxx soldatis amigdalorum iiii d, ob.

De Johanne Lupi pro 1 soldatis ferri vii d. ob.

De Lambekino Danyd pro xl soldatis alledi tegularum et

veteris panni vi d.

De Petro de Montene pro xxx soldatis vini acerhi iiii d. ob.
De Petro Tressers pro vii libratis ficorum et argenti vivi

xxi d.
De Johanne Lupi pro xx soldatis ferri iii d.

De Sencho Lupi pro Ix soldatis allecii ix d.

De Martino Johan pro xx soldatis alledi iii d.

Summa ' mercandisarum cccc xix librate xi soldate
Summa ^ denariorum custume £v iiii s. x d. ob. q.
Summa * incrementi per parti culas i d.
De Durano de Baiona pro xviii libratis allute amigdalorum

et anyz iiiis. vid.

De Petro Geraud pro c soldatis basane xv d.

De Johanne Frerre pro xl soldatis turbe vi d.

De Domingo dc Foun pro xiiii libratis amigdalorum ficonim

et rj-s iii s. vi d.

De Petro Geraud pro vi libratis amigdalorum rviii d.

Dc Johanne de la Bast* pro xx soldatis ficorum
De Pelcgrino de Bellense pro xl libratis bogie
* Probata.

iii d.

NEW CUSTOM OF jjoj

317

De Petro Martyn pro xxx libratis allute vii s. vi d.

De Petro de Rupers pro xviii libratis peletrie iiii s, vi d.
De Johanne Peres pro xxxiiii libratis ferri et pro 1 soldatis

alJute ix s. i d. ob.

De Martiûo de Bytole pro xiî libratis allute iii s.

De Johanne Peres pro xl soldatis basane vi d.

De Martino de Burse pro xxriiii libratis ferri et peletrie

viii s. vi d.
De Rogero de Fontayne pro c 1 libratis meUis rys dactylomm

et alume xxx\'ii s, vi d.

De Rogero de Parme pro vii libratis alume et amigdalorum

xxi d.
De Matheo de Cyre pro 1 soldatis allecii vii d, ob.

De Hugone Staler pro xx soldatis turbe iii d*

De Petro Bydau pro xl soldatis ficonim vî d*

De Hugone le Joefne pro xx soldatis turbe iii d.

De Johanne de Waspal pro c soldatis tegulanun xv d.

De Johanne de la Raft' pro xx soldatis carbonum iii d*

De Johanne HjTiesone pro 1 soldatis turbe vii d. ob.

De Oberto de Port>Tigale pro xiii libratis alume iii s. iii d.
De WiUelmo Torneuyle pro iiii libratis diversarum mercium

xiid.
De Garda Peres pro vi libratis cimini et amigdalorum

xviii d.
De Johanne de Mossak' pro xxx soldatis amigdalortmi et rys

iiii d. ob.
De Johanne de Mynges pro c soldatis ficorum racemorum et

peletrie xv d.

De Johanne de la Baye pro xv^iii libratis allute et basane

iiii s, vi d.
De Johanne de Freys pro xUi libratis aUute x s. vi d.

De Johanne West pro iiii libratis ficorum xii d.

De Petro Bydau pro xv libratis ficorum iii s. ix d.

De Garda Peres pro ix libratis uncti ii s. iii d.

De Martino de Somerton' pro c soldatis dactylomm et rys

XV d.
De Johanne Peres pro c soldatis amigdalorum rys et lane

Hispannie xv d.

3i8

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johanne de Vermeu pro xxx lîbratîs auri venaEs

vii s, VÎ d-
De Martino de Morcelés pro vu libratîs pellîum caprinarum

et baudriz xxî d.

De Reimundo de Beyies pro xxx Ubratis peletrie alledî et

corkeP viîs. vid.

De Petro de Begoigne pro vî libratis fem xvîiî d.

De Johaime le Ros pro xxvi libratis mellis allute et peletrie

vî s. vî d.
De Reimundo de Berghes pro xxx libratis draini amigda-

lonim rys et peletrie vîi s. vi d.

De Arnaldo Johan pro xiii libratis amîgdalorum îîi s. liî d.
De Petro de Francia pro xxiiiî libratis dactylorum rys

amigdalorum et peletrie vî s.

De Reimundo de Berghes pro 1 soldatis amigdalorum

vii d. ob.
De Domingo de Scotene pro xxvî soldatis argenti vivi iiiî d.
De Ruffino le Rok* pro ix lîbratîs alume ii s. iii d.

De Johanne le Bay pro xxxv libratis amigdalorum viii s, îx d.
De Arnaldo de Codyes pro i simea ad xx s. estimata iii d.
De Petro de Ketene pro xxvi soldatis turbe iiii d.

De Henrico de Dystre pro xl soldatis turbe vî d.

De Lepino de Campyse pro xxxî libratis ferri vii s. îx d.
De Martino de Somerston* pro 1 soldatis pellium amiculonim

\ii d. ob.
De Bartbolomeo de Caleys pro vi libratis x soldatis ûcorum

xix d. ob.
De Johanne Erfeu pro Ix soldatis ficorum îx d.

De Copîno Morel pro xx\i soldatis turbe iiîi d*

De Johanne Tryble pro Ixviii libratîs ficorum xvîî s.

De Johanne Wowere pro Ixv soldatis turbe îx d. ob. q.

De Johanne le But' pro xxvi soldatis bladî et tegularum

iiîid.
De Martino de BytoUe pro xvii libratîs ferri basane fiiade et

dminî iiiî s. iii d.

De Johanne Peres pro xlv libratis ferri basane filade et

dminî xi s. iii d*

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

319

De Petro Saundre pro xx soldatis dmini iii d.

De Simone Laur' pro xxx soldatis pallium agnorum

iiii d. ob.

De Johanne de Beche pro viii libratis mellis ii s.

De Stephano Peres pro c soldatis racemorum xv d.

Summa * raercandisarum dcccc xxx Ubrate îx soldate
Summa ' denariorum custume £xi xii s. vii d. q.
Summa ^ increment! per particulas ob.

De Simone Roderyk* pro xxx soldatis turbe iiii d. ob.

De Saldino Pillard pro vi libratis turbe dmini et calxîs

xviii d.

De Johanne Paner pro xi libratis wadii et bordorum

ii s, ix d.

De Henrico Rysekyn pro I soldatis ficorum vii d. ob.

De Marco de Solier pro xl soldatis sepi vi d.

De Petro de Ortoys pro I soldatis bogie vîî d. ob.

De Johanne Bon pro xviii libratis basane allute et uncti

iiii s, vi d.

De Petro de Ortoys pro xi libratis sepi ii s. ix d.

De Cristîano Sandre et soc[io ?] eius pro xxx soldatis pisds

iilî d. ob.

De Gerardo Martyn pro Ix libratis mellis et basane xv s.

De Frode de Hildemasse pro xxx soldatis pisds et canabi

ilii d. ob.

De Copîno Wîllard pro xviii libratis auri venaUs îiiî s. vi d.

De Johanne Gibbere pro xv libratis auri venalis iii s, ix d.

De Johanne Rotyer pro Ix soldatis pisds ix d.

De Anselmo Mas pro xxx soldatis pisds iiii d. ob.

De Ricardo Cre pro vi libratis pisds xviii d.

De Eustachio Danyel pro xl soldatis pisds vi d.

De Martino Vincent pro xxviii libratis mellis vîî s.

De Egidio de Audenard pro Ix soldatis ficorum îx d.

De Baldewyno le Fos pro viî libratis auri venalis xxi d.

De Petro Bat' et soc[io ?] eius pro xv libratis auri venaJis

iii s. ix d.

De Johanne Gamard pro c soldatis auri venalis xv d.

* Probata,

320

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Laurentîo Peres pro Lx soldatis racemomm be d.

De Michaele le Parker pro ix libratis racemomm u s. iii d.
De Claio Mosson et sociio ?) eius pro c soldatis auri venalis

XV d.
De Johanne Freys pro xxv libratis ficonim amigdalonim et

argent! vivi vi s, iii d.

De Lepino de Campise pro xxiiii libratis allute vi s.

De Jolianne Peres pro xi libratis cimini et filacii ii s. îx d.
De Petro Mos pro bdii soldatis turbe îx d. ob.

De Johann e de Castre pro xiiii libratis amlgdalonmi

iii s. vid.
De Petro de Garcye pro xxxvi libratis allute îx s.

De Roderico de Mons pro xxxix libratis mellis îx s, îx d.
De Egidio de Patet' et soc[io ?] eius pro c soldatis aurî

venalis xv d.

De Copino Bake pro Ixx soldatis veteris panni x d. ob.

De Petro Mart>Ti pro c soldatis amîgdalomm xv d,

De Johanne Hereward pro Ixx soldatis alume x d, ob.

De Petro de Seyn pro xviii libratis peletrie îiii s. vî d.

De Johanne de Berham pro îiii Hbratîs bogie xîi d.

De Anseimo Cytron pro Ixîi libratis alume xv s. vi d.

De Stephano de Lessebone pro xlii libratis ficomm race-

morum et grani x s, \i d.

De Clayo Morang' pro vîii libratis allute ferri et lucel-

l[oriim ?] îî s.

De Martino Lycot pro xliii librads ficorum et racemomm

X s. îx d.
De Johaime Fylet pro vi libratis carbonum et dniÎTnî [et]

wadîi xvîii d.

De Radulpho Werre pro 1 soldatis alledi viî d. ob.

De Willelmo ThomeljTi pro Ixx soldatis aurî venalîs x d, ob.
De Johanne Walekyn pro viî libratis auri venalis xn d.

De Copino Morel pro îiii libratis x soldatis turbe et aurî

venalis xiîi d. ob.

De Johanne Cerud pro xxx soldatis caligarum et coton*

iiii d. ob.
De Amaldo Johan pro x libratis ûconim îî s. vî d» *

I
I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

321

De Johaniie West et socfio ?] eius pro 1 soldatis piscis et

carbonum vîi d. ob.

De Luffrano Bodyn pro xxx soldatis Ugnorum ad arcus

iiii d, ob.

De Alano Burser pro xl soldatis ficorum alledi et veteris

paimi vi d.

De Lambekino de Gyes pro \di libratis x soldatis caliganim

xxii d, ob.
De Johanne Lorel et soclio ?] eius pro xx libratis cete v s.
De Reimundo Keche pro xx libratis ficorum et racemomm

V s.
De Henrico Wod>Ti et soc[io ?] eius pro xx soldatis pisds

Hi d.
De Anselino More pro vi libratis ficorum et racemomm

xviiid.

De Willelmo de Beuerby pro c soldatis auri venalis xv d.

De Gilberto Aiidelard pro xxxii libratis alume viii s.

De Jacobo de Placencia pro iiii** librads alume xxs.

De Oberto Boef ' pro xli libratis amigdalorum sukar[e] coton'

et basane x s. îii d.

De Henrico S>Tiderland et soc[io ?] eius pro xlvi soldatis

piscis vii d.

De Johanne Grant' et soclio ?) eius pro 1 soldatis petrarum

et lignorum vîi d, ob.

De Amaldo Pycard pro xxvi soldatis turbe et carbonum

iiii d.
De Clayo Vodyn pro xxx soldatis piscis iîîi à. ob.

De Johanne Spayii pro xv soldatis pisds ii d. q.

Summa ' mercandisarum dccc xlvi librate
Summa ' denarîonim custume £x xi s. vi d.
Summa ^ increment! per pardculas q.
Hica(?)^:

De Petro Cok' pro xxx soldatis pisds iiii d, ob.

De Johanne Broun pro xxv soldatis turbe îii d. ob. q.

De Petro Bernard pro xxx soldatis turbe iiii d. ob*

De Johanne Bolle pro xx soldatis pisds iîi d.

1 Frob&ta. « For Hita, Hythe (?).

322

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Galfrido Beauburgeys pro xl libratis x soldatis fern

filacie canevacii et tapetonim x s. î d* ob.

De Galfrido Ferant* pro vi libratis turbe xviii d.

De Johanne Swan pro ix libratis tegularum u s. îîî d.

De Johanne Lower et socfio ?] eius pro xxv libratis aurî bladi

et pord VI s, ill d.

De Michaele Mone pro ix libratis bladi et turbe ii s, iii d.
De Mîchaele Wynkere pro vi libratis x soldatis auri

xix d. ob*
De Henrico Los pro vi libratis aiiri venalls xviii d.

De Petro Arnaud pro Ix soldatis amigdalorum ix d.

De Sancio de Maye pro xviiii libratis amigdalorum

ÎÎÎÎ s. vi d.
De Anysio Codyn pro xxx soldatis pisds iiii d. ob.

De Willelmo Tolyn pro Ix soldatis auri venalis ix i

De Johanne Clerico et soc[io ?] eius pro xxxviii libratis auri

venalis ix s. vi d.

De Johanne Kyng* et soc[io ?] eius pro ix libratis auri venalis

ii s. iii d*
De Johanne de Fryes pro xxiiii libratis lane Hispannie vi s.
De Lepino Bytel pro xv libratis allute iii s. ix d.

De Reimundo de la Rocan pro xliM libratis amigdalorum

Ikarkii et pannorum ad vela x s. ix d.

De Petro Geraud pro xxx libratis amigdalorum vii s. vî d.
De Senelino Peres pro xl libratis ferri amigdalorum licoridi

et pannorum ad vela x s.

De Senelino Durand pro xix libratis filade cimini et cete

iîiî s. ix d.
De Johanne de Burdeus pro xxxii libratis filade licoridi et

pannorum ad vela viiî s.

De Petro Arnaud pro Ix soldatis ferri îx d.

De Petro de la Rache pro c itii'^ libratis amigdalorum xlv s.
De Hermanno de Hispannia pro xix libratis dmini

îiii s. îx d.
De Petro Arnaud pro xxv libratis xiii soldatis lane Hispannie

filade et aliarum mercandisiarum vî s, v d*

De Amaldo de Luk' pro vii libratis basane et filade xxi d.

I
I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

323

De Johanne de Vermyon pro 3d Ubratis ferri ii s. ix d.

De Furco Peres pro xviii lîbratîs x soldâtis ferri

iiii s, vîi d. ob.
De Joharme Proy pro xiiii libratis dnuni ferri et rys

m s. vi d.
De Johanne Hjnges pro xvîîi libratis ferri iiii s. vi d.

De Garcia de Hispannia pro xvi libratis ferri iiii s.

De Johaime Boon pro c soldatis ferri x^ d.

De Johanne Bos pro 1 soldatis ferri vii d, ob.

De Petro de Seynt Pere pro xvi libratis amîgdalorum et
licoricii iiii s.

De Wûlehno Batyn pro xxx soldatis lignonun iiii d. ob.
De Johanne Curt' pro xxi libratis ferri dmini et amigdalonim

V s, iiid.
De Stephano Walery pro xx soldatis petrarum iii d.

De Michaele M one pro vii libratis auri venalis xxi d.

De Johanne Peres pro c xl libratis ieirifilacii dmini et allute

3DCXVS.

De Reymundo Anselyn pro xiii soldatis pisds ii d.

De Johanne Base pro c soldatis ferri xv d.

De Lambekyno Vylok' pro Ixx soldatis petramm molarum

xd. ob.
De Henrico Kennet pro xxx soldatis turbe iiii d. ob.

De Clays Cone pro c soldatis auri venalis xv d.

De Jacobo Connik' pro xiiii libratis x soldatis canevacii

iii s. vii d. ob.
De Bydau de Polon pro 30cxvi libratis xiii soldatis amigda-
lonim et cimini ix s. ii d.
De Henrico de Loneyke pro xii libratis vi soldatis enei

iii s. i d.
De Martino Bercok' pro xxvi libratis mellis vi s. vi d.

De Johanne Roter pro xiii soldatis pisds ii d.

De Hauekyno de Popering' pro 1 soldatis canevadi

vii d, ob.

De Gaillard de Lyryson pro xxxviii libratis xviii soldatis

allute basane et baudrîz ix s, viiî d. ob.

De eodem pro xii libratis licoricii et canevadi iii s.

De Amaldo de Mayr pro xxix libratîs allute et bogye

Iviis. tiid.
De eodem pro \îi lîbratis Kcorîciî m d.

De Feraiïdo Garcye pro xxxiiii lîbratis x soldâtis amigdaJ-
omm allute et pellium cunîculomm vîîî s, viî d ob. '|

De Ferano Garde pro v lîbratis lîcoridi xvd. 1

§De Johanne de Seynt Cryk' pro 1 libratîs ferri amigdalonim
lîcoricîi et dmînî xii s, \i à.

De Johanne de Lynîord pro xi Ubratîs basane lane Hispan-
nie lîcoridi et pannorum ad vela îi s. ix d.

De Laurentio de la Russone pro xxvi lîbratis ferri et amîgda- _
P lorum vis. vid f

De Monaud de Premeret' pro xxvîii libratîs ferri dmîni allute
et lîcoridi vii s.

De Martino Johan pro xlvi libratîs vî soldâtis ferri

ri s» vii d.
De Johanne de Legar pro xii libratîs x soldâtis ferri

iii s. i d. ob.
De Petro Andreu pro 1 soldâtis pellium cuniculorum

viî d. ob.
De Martîno de Maus pro c soldâtis licoridî et pannorum ad
vela x\^ d.

De Copino Katel pro xl soldâtis vint acerby vi d.

De Johanne de Polous pro 1 soldâtis ferri vii d. ob*

De Bodewino Koc' pro Ix soldâtis tegulanim ix d. .

De Willelmo Brat' pro ÎLÎi lîbratis x soldâtis pisds \

xHi d< ob.
De Hugone Mone pro xxx soldâtis turbe iiii d. ob.

De Hugone Wyllard pro vîî lîbratis pannorum ad vela

xxid.

De Willelmo Pyle pro là libratîs molarum ii s. ix d.

Summa" mercandisamm mccc xxxvî lîbratc vii

solda te
Summa ' denariorum custume £xvî xîiii s. î d. q.
De incremento nîchil ^
De Nidiolao Markes pro xl lîbratis sukare mases et qui-
bib[es] X s.

* Probata,

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

De Ferando Garcye pro xxvii libratis amigdalorum aUute

alume et vini acerbî vi s. ix d.

De Gregorio Dysderio pro c Ixxîî Hbratis alume setewal et

alianim spedemm xliH s.

De Willelmo de Tarce pro c xxvii libratis x soldatis alume

send et alianim mercandisiarum xxxi s* x d. ob.

De Jacobo de Stanton' pro xlvi soldatis viii denariatis

anulorum aureorum vii d.

De Henrico de Axle pro xiii soldatis turbe ii d.

De Bydau de Parme pro xv libratis panni de serîco et

sukare iii s. ix d.

De Egidio de Audenarde pro x libratis xiii soldatis basane et

coton' îî s, viiï d.

De Weyt* Crystelet* pro xx soldatis tegularum îii d.

De Johanne BoUekyn pro xl soldatis casei et tegularum

vid.
De Salomone de Stades pro Ix soldatis pateUarum et ollarum

enearum ix d.

De Corbet* de Corby pro xxviii libratis wadiî vîi s.

De Gonelino Arnaud pro xxiiii libratis lane Hispannie vi s.
De Bodewyno oV Se>7ie pro xxx soldatis turbe iîii d. ob.
De Cristiano de HulF pro xl soldatis bladi carbonum et

tegularum vî d.

De Ameyt de Boloyne pro 1 soldatis carbonum et petrarum

vii d. ob.
De Amato de Mayere pro xv libratis filade iii s. ix d.

De Willelmo Sanynt pro Ix soldatis allecii ix d.

De Willelmo Bollard pro xxx soldatis turbe iiii d. ob.

De Clayo Jurdan pro xxxiii soldatis carbonum et tegularum

vd-
De Waltero Trussel pro xxx soldatis turbe iiii d. ob.

De Petro Seynt pro 1 soldatis ferri vil d. ob.

De Sencho de Vermel pro vi libratis ferri xviii d.

De Ricardo Husebonde pro Ixx soldatis pellîum cimlculorum

X d, ob.
De Johanne de Kyngeles pro xxvii libratis pateUarum et

ollarum et gladiorum vi s* ix d.

326

TEE EARLY ENGUSS CUSTOMS

De Bernardo Danyeles pro xx libratis amigdalorum v s.
De Stephano de Walery pro k soldatis carbonum îx d.

De Johaime Curteys pro xxvî soldatis turbe iiii d.

De Ricardo Martyn pro xiiii soldatis piscis îî d. q.

De Willelmo Pipere pro xxx soldatis turbe iiii A ob.

De Willelmo Franceys pro 1 soldatis turbe et lucellorum

vîi d. ob.
De Petro de Bryclado pro c soldatis ferri xv d.

De Laurentio Chepman pro xxx soldatis salîs îiiî d. ob*

De Johanne Rauen pro xiii soldatis piscîs îi d.

De Copino Hynedisone pro xl soldatis turbe vî d.

De Johanne Pypere pro xxxîii soldatis tiirbe v d.

De Waltero Clencard pro xx soldatis turbe îli d.

De Martino de Heryes pro xiii soldatis de anys îî d.

De Waleram Raymund pro xv soldatis carbonum iî d. q.
De Johanne de Cluche pro xiii soldatis piscîs îî d.

De Johanne de Porte pro xv soldatis alledi et redanim

iid. q.
De Quintino de Monkerode pro xiii soldatis discorum îi d.
De Johanne BuUard pro xv soldatis dliciorum iî d. q.

De Stephano de Polon pro Ix soldatis basane îx d.

De Andrea de Baiona pro Ix soldatis pannonim ad vela

îxd.
De Ferano de Garcye pro Ix libratis ferri et amigdalorum

XV s.
De Johanne Bodak* pro xxvi soldatis vi denariatis auri

venaUs iiii d.

De Simone Clenchebard pro Ix soldatis bordomm pîsds et

turbe ix d.

De Johamie Hasson pro xx soldatis turbe iii d.

De Alberto de HuUynge pro vii libratis bordorum et pisds

xxid.
De Johanne de Lobard pro xxvîii libratis ferri et sepi
De Stephano de Polone pro xl soldatis allute
De Mîchaele de Papylone pro xl soldatis allute
De Andrea de Baiona pro iiii libratis argenti vîvi
De Willdmo Arnaud pro viii libratis licorîcii

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

327

De Hugone Mone et soc[îo ?] eîus pro Ixx soldatis turbe

X d, ob-
Summa* mercandisarum DC iîîî** xî librate xiî solda te

ii denariate
Summa ^ denarîorum custume £viîi xii s. xi d.
Summa ^ incrementî per partîculas ob,
Douorria:

De Jacobo Mustard pro ix Ubratîs mercerie et ^eciemm

îî s, iii d.
De Nîcholao le Teynturer pro xxil Ubratîs mercerie

V s. vi d.
De Egidio de Abeuyle pro ix libratîs averii ponderis

îî s* iii d.
De Egidio de Bonynge pro c soldatîs mercerie xv d.

De Cristiano le Ram pro xl soldatîs caliganim vî d.

De Johanne de Mouchaud pro iiîî" x libratîs mercerie

xxii s, vi d.
De Stephano de Nyuel pro xxxii libratîs mercerie viîi s.
De Rogero de Roys de Tornay pro xl libratîs mercerie x s.
De Thoma Hmiifray pro xv libratîs peletrie iii s. ix d.

De Johanne Panyer de Gysnes pro viii libratîs caligarum

ils.

De Johanne de Westchot^ pro diversa minuta merceria

estimata ad xx s. iiî d.

De Roberto de Bruers pro x libratîs mazer' ii s. vî d.

De Jakemino de Cambray pro xxx libratîs mercerie

viîs. vîd.
De Ferrando Garcies de Ispannia pro xxxi libratîs basane
filadc et argenti \â\d vii s. ix d.

De Bartholomeo Myral pro viî libratîs caligarum xxî d.

De Georgia Ceruel pro Ix soldatîs caligarum ix d.

De Henrico le Cotîler pro I soldatis cultellarie vii d. ob.
De eodem pro \i libratîs caligarum et cutelerîe x\iii d.

De Francisco Rodeless' pro xxxvi libratîs specerie et mer-
cerie ix s.
De Valeriano de Eschat* pro xxxvi libratîs mercerie ix s.

* Probata.

328

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Roberto le Oynter pro xxxii libratis mercerie et cute-
lerie viii s.

De Johanne le Roy de Wytsand pro x libratis caligarum

Us. vi d.
De Roberto de Tornay pro Ixxiii soldatis cutelerie xi d.

De Johanne Pek' pro xx libratis caligarum v s.

De Johanne Trussel de Cambray pro viii libratis specerie et
mercerie ii s.

De Nicholao le Teynturer pro xxvîîi libratis x soldatis
mercerie vîî s, î d. ob.

De Simone de Pykebon pro vii libratis x soldatis mercerie

xxii d. ob.
De Lamberto Bolay de Gysnes pro xx libratis caligarum

vs.
De Johaime Ratswere pro xvi libratis caligarum iiii s.

De Hugone Megge de Prouynda pro Ixix libratis specerie

xvii s. iii d.
De Jacobo Mustard et soc[io ?] eius pro Ivi libratis specerie

xiiiis.
De Johanne Panyer de Gysnes pro xxvi libratis caligarum

vi s. vî d.
De Laurentio le Teynturer pro xx libratis averii ponderis

V s.
De Bartholomeo Myral pro vi libratis caligarum xviii d.
De Steldio de Florencia pro îiii equis estimatis ad £xl x s.
De Johanne de Wadynton* pro xxx soldatis caligarum

iiii d. ob.

De Johanne et Jacobo Modene pro vî equîs estimatis ad

£xxvîi vi s. ix d.

De Roberto le Oynter pro l™îii libratis averii ponderatî

xviii s. vî d.
De Aubertino de Placencia pro vi magnis equis estimatis
ad £iiii** xii xxiiî s.

De Johanne de Neyuile pro viii libratis mercerie îî s.

De Rous de Placencia pro uno equo estimato ad £xii iii s.
De Jakemino Jonig' pro vi magnis equis estimatis ad £iiii^ x

xxii s. vi d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

329

De Mîchaeîe de Bar pro i equo estimato ad £ix ii s. iii d.
De Philippo de CormaiJles pro iiii" Ubratis mercerie xx s.
De Johanne Hames pro viii soldatis coton' 1 d. q.

De Philippo Bonauenture pro vi equis estima tis ad £xl x s.
De Bartholomeo Myral pro 1 soldatis callganim vii d. ob.
De Raulondyno de Parme pro xv equis estimatis ad £lxx

xvii s. vi d.
De Johanne Jacob de Bonynge pro Ix soldatis caligarum ix d.
De Jakemino Cambray pro xl Ubratis mercerie x s.

De Johanne Jacob de Bonynge pro xxx soldatis imcti

iiii d. ob.
De Hugone de Troys pro imo equo estimato ad £vi xviii d.
De Johanne Lokyn pro xxii iibratis mercerie vs. vi d.

De Laurentto le Teynturer pro xxx Iibratis mercerie

vii s. vi d.
De Willelmo Patrj^s pro c soldatis mercerie xv d.

De Johanne Tauny de Florenda pro uno equo estimato

ad £x ii s. vi d.

De Corando de Alemannia pro \mo equo estimato ad £viii

iis.
De Thoma Hunfray pro iiii Iibratis mercerie xii d.

De Roberto de Brueris pro xilii Iibratis c>T3horum et mazer'

manual' iii s, vi d.

De Philippo Bonauenture pro i equo estimato ad £iiii xii d.
De Johanne de Idle pro xl soldatis caligarum vi d.

De Petro Belon de Melan pro iiii equis estimatis ad £xviii

iiii s. vi d.
De Johanne Tnissel pro Ixv soldatis mercerie ix d, ob. q.
De Michaele Samer pro Ix soldatis cahgarum ix d.

De Thoma Hencok' pro 1 soldatis caligarum vii d. ob.

De Johanne de Bonynge pro Ix soldatis caligarum ix d.

De Bartholomeo Myral pro \n Iibratis caligarum xxi d.

De Eustachio Euemy pro Ix soldatis caligarum ix d.

De Gucio de Elsque pro x Iibratis mercerie H s. vi d.

De Lamberto Bolay pro xi Iibratis cahganim ii s. ix d.

De Pare de Florenda pro Ixvî Iibratis mercerie et averîi

ponderis xvi s, vi d.

330

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De eodem pro \tîî libratis panni de tyreteyne ii s.

De Bernardo Marcoleys pro vii libratis specerie xxx d.

De Sîlard de Fauconbergh' pro Ix soldatis panni de tyrteyne

Ud.
De Eustachio Resswere pro viii libratis x soldatis caliganim

ÎÎ s, Î d* ob.
De Johanne Segard pro viii libratis x soldatis caliganim

ii s, i d, ob.
De Wîllelino Cachche pro vii libratis x soldatis caliganim

xxu d. ob.
De Simone Peckebon pro \iîi libratis mercerie îi s.

De Michaele de Wytsand pro xxx soldatis caliganim

iîîî d. ob.

De Johanne de Wadynton' pro xl soldatis caligarum vi d.

De Henrîco Stale de Tornay pro viii libratis caligarum ii s.

De Egidio Fusse de Tornay pro xxxiii libratis vi soldatis \Tiî

denarat[is] peplorum viiî s. îiii d,

Summa* mercandisanim mdc xxxv librate U soldate

viii denarîate
Summa * denarionim custume £xx viii s. ix d. ob. i

De incremento nîchil ^
De Johanne de Furnes pro xm libratis xvi soldatis mercerie

iiî s, v d.
De Roberto de Berners pro x libratis cyphonim de masere

iî s. vi d.
De Hauekino le Vide pro xl soldatis caligamm vi d.

De Michaele Saumer pro xl soldatis caUgarum vi d.

De Johanne Hondeschot' de Flandria pro xi libratis mer-
cerie ii s. ix d.
De Clara Cokyn pro turba vendita estimata ad î mr, ii d.
De Hugone Cokyn pro v soldatis turbe î d.
De Johanne de Wadynton* pro xl soldatis calîganmi vi d.
De Michaele de Wytsand pro xl soldatis caligarum \i d.
De Johanne le Burser pro vii libratis caligamm xxî d.
De Rogero Paternoster de Paris pro Ixx soldatis mercerie

X d. ob.
1 Probata.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

331

De Egidio Fusee de Tornay pro Ixvi libratis xiii soldatis iiii

denariatis mercerie xvi s, viii d.

De Wîllelmo Cok* de Wytsand pro vî libratis x soldatis

[ ] xbcd, ob.

De Nicholao de Suthiolk' pro xl soldatis vasonim vitr[i]

acuum et cyphorum de plane vî d.

De Adam le Hosiere pro xi soldatis tapet[orum] i d. ob. q.

De Galfrido Elske pro xxxiii soldatis send et sandalliorum

vd.
De Johaime le Vyt' de Gysnes pro xl soldatis caligarum

vid.
De Frendekino de Wytsand pro xxx soldatis caligarum

iiii d. ob.
De Roberto Blundel et soc[io ?] eius pro Ix soldatis cutelerie

jxd.

De Johanne Kyncheler de Dynant' pro x libratis vasorum

cupreorum et ereorum iî s. vî d.

De Michaele de Wytsand pro 1 soldatis caligarum vii d, ob.

De Eustachio Euerwyn pro x\'iiî libratis caligarum

iiii s. vi d.
De Eustachio Cros de Wadynton' pro xii soldatis caligarum

id. ob* q.
De Ranulfo de Bel ton' pro vî equis estima tis ad £xiiii

ill s, vî d.
De Johanne de Bon^-ng' pro \t libratis caligarum xvm A,
De Adam le Hosiere pro x soldatis caligarum i d, ob.

De Johanne le Nut' pro \i equis estimatis ad £lx xv s.

De Michaele de Pepelyng' pro xx soldatis mercerie iii d.
De Johanne Moys de Wytsand pro Ix soldatis caligarum

ix d.

De Rust de Plesence pro uno equo estimatio ad £x ii s. vi d.

De Johanne Nut^ de Florencia pro xv equis estimatis ad

£\i" XXX s.

De Thoma Vmfray de Parys pro x libratis peletrie

ii s. vi d.

De Alano de Pontoyse pro iiii libratis x soldatis cyphorum

de mazer* xiii d. ob.

Urn

332

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johaime Tnissel de Cambray pro Ix soldatis pephrmn

[sic] îxA

De Stephano de Neyuyle pro x libratis peplorum iî s. vi d.

De Johaane de Wadynton' pro xxxix soldatis caliganim

vi d.
De Wîllelmo Cok' pro iiii libratis caliganim xîîd.

De WDlelmo de Markyns pro x libratis caliganim ii s, vi d.
De Philippo de Neyuyle pro 1 libratis firmaculorum et anu-
lortmi aureorum xii s. vi d.

De Ingeramo Monet' pro iiii libratis pannomm tyrteynoruni

xiid.
De Ricardo Louech' de Rotomago pro vii libratis mercerie

xdd
De Egidio Fussee pro xxxiii libratis peplanim viii s. iii d.
De Johaime de Pepelynges pro Ivii soldatis \iii denariatis
mercerie ix d.

De Wîllelmo de Gysnes pro 1 soldatis mercerie vii d. ob*
De Petro le Tyrteyner pro 1 soldatis mercerie vii d. ob.

De Petro de Ponte Régine pro i equo estimato ad £iiii

xiid.
De Johaime Swetman pro x soldatis turbe i d. ob.

De Johanne de Bures de Ispannia pro iii equis estimatis ad
£xxiii V s. ix d.

De Johanne Steresman pro x soldatis turbe i d. ob.

De Roberto de Turney pro Ix soldatis cutelerie ix d, ,

De Willelmo Cok* de Wytsand pro xl soldatis caliganim

vid.
De Johanne de Wale pro x soldatis turbe i d. ob.

De Johanne de Wadynton' pro xxx soldatis caligarum

iiii d. ob.
De Michaele de Pistoîre pro uno equo estimata ad £xx v s. |
De Galfrido de Outreboys pro be soldatis paniii de tyrteyne

ixd.
De Johanne Wale pro î marcata turbe ii d.

De Johanne de 0 there pro di, marcata turbe i d.

De Simone Peckebon pro xii libratis x soldatis mercerie

iii s. i d. ob,

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

333

De Nicholao de Caltre pro ii eqtiis estimatis ad £xiîîî

iii s. vi d.
De Hugone Wylde pro xx soldatîs mercerie îii d.

De Willelmo de Gysnes pro vii libratis mercerie xxi d.

De Johaiine de G\bs pro xxxv soldatis ceparum et allearum

V d, ob.

De Cleys Cokyn pro x soldatis turbe î d. ob.

De Willelmo de Gysnes pro Ix soldatis caligarum ix d,

Hethe: de exitibus custume ibidem pro xxxviii libratis vi

soldatis diversanun mercium ix s, vii d.

Romeneye: de exitibus custume ibidem pro Ixiii libratis mi

soldatis diversarum merdum xv s. xi d.

K Fauersham: de exitibus custume ibidem pro cc iiii"" i libratis

P^ diversarum mercium Ixx s. iii d.

(Summa * mercandisarum M x Ubrate xiiii soldate iîii
denariate
Summa ^ denarionim custume £xii xii s. viii d. q-
Summa * incrementi per particulas ob. q.
Summa * summarum mercandisarum predictarum in
regnum adductarum a festo Sancti Michaelis anno
xxxii usque idem festum anno xxxiii ix** Dcccc Ixxv
librate xii soldate x denarriate
Summa ^ denariorum custume £c xxiiii xiii s. xi d, ob.
Summa ^ incrementi per particulas iiii d.
ihuc de nova custuma apud Sandwicum et in omnibus locis
ide per costeram maris usque Wynchelsegam et apud Fauer-
sham anno xxxiii.

Custuma pannorum et cere per loca predicta de regno educ-
torum anno xxxiii.

Sandwycus:

De Petro de Monek' pro ii quintallis cere S 8.

De Petro Arnaud pro v pannis sine grano v s»

De Domingo Peres pro ii pannis aine grano îî s.

De Petro de Lessebone pro i panno sine grano xii d.

De Amaldo de Brokeras pro v pannis sine grano v s.

De Johanne Waspor pro i quintallo et i qr, cere xv d.

1 Probata.

334

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johanne de Beche pro ii quijitallis et i qr. cere ii s. iii d.
De Hugone Hunger pro iiîi quîntallis cere îîîi s.

De Johanne de Bonynge pro dî. quintallo cere vi d.

De Johanne Jours pro î quarterîo cere iii d.

De Senelmo Peres pro ii pannis sine grano n s.

De Ermano de Hîspannia pro i quintallo cere xii d.

De Petro de la Rache pro ii pannis sine grano ii s.

De Francisco de Ga>Tieben pro i panno et di, sine grano

xviii d.
De Johanne Wollok* pro di. quintallo cere vi d.

De Johaime de Hekener pro i quarterîo cere Hi d.

Summa ^ cere xii quintalli
Summa * denarionim custume xii s,
Siunma * pannomm sine grano rvdii et di.
Summa ^ denarioriim custume x\iii s, vi d.
Custuma averii ponderis et aliarum mercium per loca predicta
de regno eductorum anno xxxiii.
Sandwycus:
De Gerardo de Rys pro x libratis sargie li s, vi d.

De Dionisio Belle pro xx libratis allute wadii et vinorum
eductormn v^ s.

De Johanne Frondecosyn pro viii libratis canabi ii s.

De Martino de Beryan pro xviii libratis allute et lane
Hispannie iiii s. vi d.

De Johanne Broun de Morlang' pro 1 libratis baconis allute
et uncti xii s, vi d.

De Wnielmo de Raft pro xiiii libratis bladi carnium bovina-
rum et porcinanim iii s. vi d.

4
1

De Roberto de Hog' pro xxxii libratis vinorum
De Johanne Hark' pro iiii libratis bladi et ferri
De Lamberto Poumegeu pro xx soldatis bladi
De Henrico de Kay pro iiii libratis carbonum et casei
De Jacobo de Gaunt pro 1 soldatis carbonum
De Petro Bernard pro xxx soldatis bladi
De Euerardo de Hompeu pro xx soldatis bladi
De Petro Honte pro xx soldatis carbonum
^ ProbaU.

VUJ s.

3did.

iiid.

xiid.
VÎÎ d, ob.
iiii d, ob.

iiid.

iiid

^^HHm^^H

■

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

335

De Johanne Foulgate pro 1 soldatis ficorum et racemorum

vii d, ob.

^^1

De Johanne Rener pro xx soldatis bladi

md.

De Dodino de Glask' pro Ix soldatis bladi

ixd.

De Hugone de Axle pro 1 soldatis bladi et casei

vii d. ob.

De Petro le Honte pro vi libra tis baconis et bladi

xviii d.

^^1

De Lode^ico de Arbre pro x libra tis bladi

ii s. vi d.

De Willelmo Pipere pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d, ob.

De Nicholao Beausemblant pro xxvii libratis wadii

vi s. ix d.

De Petro Basse pro iiii libratis bladi

xii d.

'^H

De Jacobo de Gaunt pro vii libratis bladi

xxid.

De Johanne Frerre pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiiid. ob.

De Johanne de Axle pro xl soldatis bladi

vi d.

De Lauren tio de Wytsand pro c soldatis bladi et

, vinorum
XV d,

iiii d. ob.

De Willelmo Pipere pro xxx soldatis bladi

*^^^^^^H

De Petro le Hound pro c soldatis bladi et baconis

XV d.

De Willelmo Frese pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d. ob.

De Baldewino Hughesone pro 1 soldatis bladi et lucellorum

■

vii d. ob.

De Petro Cobynel pro \i libratis bladi et baconis

xviii d.

De Martino de Bytole pro 1 soldatis pannorum ad vela

vii d. ob.

De Laurentio Rikeward pro vi libratis allute fern et bladi

xviii d.

De Willelmo Trewe pro c soldatis bladi turbe et pro i nave

ad £vii estimata

iiis.

De Bodewyiio Luk' pro x libratis bladi

ii s. vi d.

De W^altero Tannard pro xx soldatis bladi

iii d.

De Fonaldo de Clook' pro xx soldatis carbonum et bladi

::: j

De Michaele Miles pro c soldatis bladi

Hi u.

XV d.

De Petro valetto Andrée Peres pro xxx libratis

X soldatis

ficorum racemorum lane Hispaeie et olei vii s.

vii d. ob.

De Hugone Stak* pro xl soldatis bladi et turbe

vid.

De Johanne Geraud pro c soldatis bladi et baconis

XV d*

De Michaele Gyles pro iiii libratis alledi

xiid.

336

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Boydîno Cok' pro xl soldatis alledi et bladi vi d.

De Simone Idesone pro xl soldatis bladi vi d.

De Oberto de Portyngale pro xl soldatis caseî vi d.

De Henrico Engleys pro x libratis wadii ii s. vi d.

De Johanne Cristian pro iiii libratis x soldatis carbonttm et
caraium xiii d. ob.

De Wîllelmo Gasse pro x libratis vinorum eductomm

ii s. vi d.

De Waltero Blast* pro vi libratis bladi et carbonum xviii d.

De Clayo Bod>Ti pro iiii libratis bladi et baconis xii d.

De Johanne de Ouerford pro xx soldatis carbonum iiî d.

De Michaele de Lyne pro xx soldatis alledi iii d.

De Johanne de Vermeu pro vi libratis ferri bladi et baconis

xviii d-

De Johanne Forcelys pro iiii libratis bladi xii d.

De Jacobo de Placenda pro xiiii libratis ficorum et race-

iii s. vi d,
iiii d. ob.
viiid, q.
iiii d. ob*
estimato
iiii d. ob*

De Petro Hore pro xx soldatis candelanim iii d.

De Hugone Gillard pro Ix soldatis allecii et carbonum ix d.

De Johanne Cristian et soc[io ?] eius pro viii libratis bladi

iis.

De Henrico Kenteys pro xvii libratis wadii iiii s, iii d.

De Michaele M one pro xvi libratis bladi et allecii iiii s.

De Midiaele de Castre pro xxxix libratis ficorum dactylorum
grani et vini acerbi ix s, ix d*

Dc Petro Bard pro Ix soldatis bladi et turbe ix d.

De Willelmo Batyn pro xv libratis bladi tegulanim et
lignorum iii s. ix d.

De Frederico Ferant pro vii libratis bladi et tegulanim

xxi d.

De Willelmo Bondesone et soc[io ?] eius pro iiii libratis
bladi xii d.

morum
De Lorkino de Lenne pro xxx soldatis bladi
De Hugone Classon pro Iv soldatis bladi
De Johanne Lowe pro i equo ad xxx s. ^timato
De Albritho Woderoppe pro i equo ad xxxs.

^^P NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

337 ^M

H De Johaime Roter pro xxx soldatis camium

iiii d, ob. ^^H

M De Ricardo Cre pro iiii libratis auri venalis

xiid. ^^1

H De Petro Cobynel pro xi libratis bladi et vi 1

libratis auri ^^|

H veaalis

iiii s. iii d, ^^H

H De Baldino Fynge pro vi libratis bladi et allecii

xviiid. ^^H

H De Marco de Solîer pro c soldatis sepi et pro

XX soldatis ^^H

H vinortim

xviii d. ^^1

H De Salomone de Stades pro c soldatis bladi

XV d. ^^H

H De Henrico Brumblak' et so€[io ?] eius pro 1 soldads bladi ^^|

vii d, ob. ^^H

H De Johanne de Hulbrok' pro 1 soldatis bladi

vii d. ob. ^^H

B De Petro le Hunte pro xi libratis bladi

ii s. ix d. ^^H

^m De Johanne Poleyn pro vii libratis bladi et vinorum xxi d. ^^|

H De Johanne Palmere pro 1 soldatis bladi

vii d. ob. ^^H

^A De Johanne Heylou et soc{io ?1 eius pro xv libratis v soldatis ^^|

^m bladi lii s.

ix d. ob. q. ^^H

^B De Luca Pelle pro xvi libratis bladi

iiHs. ^^H

^Ê De Petro Tankeny pro xii libratis bladi

^^H

H De Malge Mariesone pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiiid. ob. ^^H

H De Jacobo Fusee pro Ixv soldatis bladi

ix d. ob. q. ^^H

^^K De Willelmo Worlok' pro xiii libratis bladi

iii s. iii d, ^^H

^^B De Clayo Box pro 1 soldatis bladi

vii d. ob. ^^1

^^P De Henrico Furdelond pro xl soldatis bladi

^^H

^ De Johanne Sterk' pro Mi soldatis bladi

d. ob. ^^H

B De Johanne le Armerer pro xv libratis bladi

iii s. ix d. ^^H

H De Martino Johan pro iiU libratis balena[nim]

xud. ^^H

H De Martino Modewef pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d. ob, ^^H

B De Petro Teyroun pro xiîi libratis bladi et

tapetorum ^^H

iii s. iii d. ^^H

H De Gerardo de la Feck' et soc[io ?] eius pro xiiii libratis bladi ^^|

H et allecii

iii s. vi d. ^^H

^Ê De Willelmo Cope pro xl soldatis bladi

^^H

^m De Baldewino Cock' pro xi libratis bladi et allecii ii s* ix d. ^^|

^B De Willelmo Buk' pro xii libratis bladi

H De Fornodo de Clnche pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d. ob. ^^H

B De Simone le Burser pro Ivii soldatis bladi baconis race- ^^H

^^^ morum et allecii viii d. ob* q. ^^H

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ !>*. . ' .^._ . ^^Km^^^^^^^M

^^^^m 338 THE EARLY BNGUSH CUSTOMS

^^^^H De Manuele de Seyma pro xxx soldatis allecii

iiii d. ob.

^^^^H De Jacobo Douuere et soc[io ?] dus pro xvi libratis bladi

^^^^^

mis.

^^^^^ De Egidio Patet pro vi Hbratis bladi et baconîs

xviiid.

^^^^^H De Copîno Bnitoun pro Ixx soldatis baconis

X d, ok

^^^^^H De Fetro de Foy pro iiii libratis bladi et baconis

xiid.

^^^^^H De Hearico Wobycom pro vi libratis x soldatis bladi

^^^^^1

xix d, ob.

^^^^^H De WlUelmo Persoun pro xxx soldatis bladi et lucellonim

^^^^M

iiii d. ob*

^^^^^H De Michaele Mone et 5oc[io ?] eius pro xx libratis bladi et

^^^^^H

vs.

^^^^^H De Boydyno BoUe pro xix libratis bladi

1111 s. u d.

^^^^^H De Boidino Ster pro c soldatis bladi et baconis

XV d.

^^^^H De Willelmo le Wyte pro ix libratis bladi et auri venalis

^^^^H

u s. m d.

^^^^^H De Amaldo Picard pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d. ob.

^^^^^H De Clayo Are>^in pro ix libratis bladi

u s, lu d.

^^^^^H De Michaele Albedyn pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d. ob.

^^^^^1 De Gilberto Roner pro ix libratis bladi

ii s. iii d.

^^^^H De Willelmo Turrok' pro 1 soldatis bladi

viî d. ob.

^^^^V De Petro Hoghesone pro Ivii soldatis bladi viii d. ob. q.

^^H^ De Johanne Wal pro vi libratis bladi

xviiid.

^^H De Waltero Trussel pro vii libratis bladi

xxid.

^^H De Seimo de Lessebone pro k soldatis mellis

ixd.

^^H De Copino Euerard pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d. ob.

^^H De Hugone Himg' pro xHi libratis bladi

iii s, iii d.

^^H De Michaele Perekyn pro Ix soldatis bladi

ixd.

^B^ De Willelmo de Corby pro Ix soldatis wadii

ixd.

H^ De Johanne Cristian pro 1 soldatis bladi

vii d. ob.

De Petro Cobynel pro ix libratis bladi

u s. m d.

De Johanne Egher pro iiii libratis bladi

xiid.

De Bernardo de Sancto Paulo pro xl soldatis bladi vi d.

De Amaldo de Seintbaty pro xx soldatis bladi

md.

^^H De Petro de Herbaffyn pro Ixx soldatis bladi

X d. ob.

^^H De Johanne Burser pro vi libratis carbonum et tninutarum

^^^^^ mercium

xviiid

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

339

De Baldewyno de Wes pro ix libratis bladî ii s, iil d.

De Roberto Gatz pro xii libratis vinorum iU s.

De Waltero Baft pro vii libratis bladi et baconis xri d.

De Clayo Bodyn pro \i libratis bladi et bacoeis xviii d.
De Johanne Cristian pro vi libratis bladi et camium xviii d.
De Johanne Perdritz pro xvi libratis vi soldatis bladi

iiii s. i d.
De Petro Stalyn pro xl soldatis bladi vi d.

De Johanne Swan pro xiii libratis bladi iii s. iii d.

De Henrico Lorel pro xxx soldatis bladi iiii d. ob.

De Radulpho Weryn pro ix libratis sepi et carbonum

ii s. iii d.
De Johanne Fos pro xiii libratis bladi îii s. iii d.

De Boyno de Clyse pro c soldatis bladi xv d.

De Petro Salyn et soc[io ?) eius pro c soldatis bladi xv d.
Summa * mercandisaruin M xx librate vii soldate
Summa ^ denariorum custume £xii xv s. i d,
Sunmia ^ increnienti per particulas ob. q»
De Nîcholao de Raft pro vi libratis bladi et camimn xviii d.
De Johanne Dore pro xv soldatis baconis ii d. q.

De Henrico de Clysse pro ix libratis bladi ii s* iii d.

De Gilberto Ronyer pro iiii libratis x soldatis bladi

3dii d* ob-
De Hugone Sarpal pro xv soldatis baconis ii d, q*

De Petro Cobenel pro ix libratis bladi ii s. iii d.

De Henrico Nitherbrryth' pro iiii libratis xv soldatis bladî

riiii d. q.
De Johanne de Bonyng pro vi libratis bladi xviii d.

De Willelmo de Glasgule pro c soldatis bladi et vinorum

XV d.

De Wytho Bodekyn et soc[io ?] dus pro ix libratis bladi et

vinorum ii s. iii d.

De Ricardo Bonant pro xl soldatis carbonum et bordorum

vid.
De Simone de Grantdik' pro 1 soldatis sepi et bladi vii d. ob.
De Bodino Ster pro c soldatis bladi xv d,

^ Probata.

^ 340 TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

^^^^H De Thoma Scorbyn pro iiii libratis % soldatis bladi et pisds

xiU d, ob.

^^^^^^H De Waltero de Oudenarde pro xl soldatis turbe

vîd.

^^^^^^H De Salomone de Stades pro xv libratis bladi

m s. IX d.

^^^^H De Johanne Kyng' pro ex soldatis bladi

xvî d. ob.

^^^^H De Willelmo Batyn pro Iv soldatis bladi et baconis ■
^^^^H viii d. q.

^^^^H De Waltero Tmssel pro xlv soldatis bladi

vîd. ob. q.

^^^^H De Gtmselyoo Duk' pro Ixx soldatis bladi

X d. ob.

^^^^H De Hugone de Pare pro xxxv soldatis baconis

V d. q.

^^^^H De Johaime Cok' pro \ii libratis bladi

xxid.

^^^^H De Galfrido Ferand pro ix libratis bladi

ii s. iii d.

^^^^H De Willelmo Bodesand pro Ixx soldatis bladi

X d. ob.

^^^^H De Johaime Bonker pro ix libratis wadii

il s. iîî d.

^^^^H De Johanne Clerk' pro xx soldatis bladi

iiid.

^^^^H De Jurdano Nighbrigh pro xl soldatis bladi

vid.

^^^^H De Willelmo Pipere pro 1 soldatis bladi

vîî d. ob.

^^^^H De Willelmo Wynch ' pro Ix soldatis f erri et tapetonim ix d.

^^^^H De Simone Foget' pro xl soldatis bladi

vid.

^^^^^H De Bodewyno de Het' pro Ix soldatis bladi

ixd.

^^^^^^ De Willelmo Idesone pro c x soldatis bladi

xvî d. ob.

^^^M De Waltero Coksone pro xlvi soldatis carbonum

viid.

^Ê De Henrico Los pro xiii libratis bladi

iiîs.iud.

H De Henrico Clysse pro c soldatis bladi

XV d.

^m De Stephano Graunt' pro xvi libratis bladi

iiii s.

^ De Agneta le Bursere pro xii libratis bladi et ficorum iii s.

De Willelmo Tobyn pro iiii libratis bladi

xiid.

De Willelmo le Wyte pro vii libratis x soldatis bladi

xxiî d. ob.

De Clayo Bullok' pro vi libratis bladi

xviiid.

De Johanne le Ray pro xii libratis x soldatis bladi et panni

canevacii

iii s. i d. ob.

De Willelmo Tobyn pro xxix libratis wadii canevadi et salis

[

vu s, m d.

k De Johanne le B\irgoys pro Ix libratis bladi

XV s.

H De Johanne de Gant' et soc[io ?] dus pro xxviii libratis ^

^B bladi pids et bordorum

viis. ■

^^^^^^^^ NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

H De Johanne Anyn pro vi libratis bladi

xvm d. ^^H

H De Edmund Vythole pro viii libratis bladi

^^H

H De Johanne Cheuere pro c soldatis bladi

XV d. ^^H

H De Willelmo Tolbard pro xx soldatis bladi

m d. ^^H

H De Johanne Lambyn pro 1 soldatis bladi et salis

vii d. ob. ^^H

H De Gimselmo de Eyns pro Ix soldatis bladi

^Ê De Henrico Los pro xx libratis bladi

^^1

^B De Jacobo Bernys pro x libratis bladi

ii s. vi d. ^^H

^M De Johanne Swan pro xix libratis bladi

lui S. IX d. ^^M

H De Egîdio BolIek^Ti pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiii d. ob. ^^H

^B De Henrico Sundeland pro vui libratis bladi

^^1

^1 De Cristîano de Reym pro ix libratis bladi

5. iii d. ^^H

^H De Simone Bystel pro c soldatis bladi

XV d. ^^H

^B De Michaele Mone pro xv libratis bladi

m S. IX d. V

^Ê De Johanne Louer et soc[io ?] eîus pro xxxii libratis bladi ^^H

^^H

^M De Domingo de Hunte pro xvi libratis ferri et bladi iiii s. ^^|

^m De Johanne West pro xx soldatis bladi et baconis

^^H

^M De Henrico Heuekere pro vi libratis bladi

xviii d. ^^H

^H De Johanne Moys pro xiiîi soldatis casei

^B De Galfrido Ferant pro xix libratis bladi

iiii s. ix d. ^^H

^B De Willelmo Bodyn pro ix libratis ferri et bladi

iii d. ^^H

^B De Johanne le Rogere pro 1 soldatis bladi

vii d. ob. ^^H

^B De Simone Bystel pro iiii libratis x soldatis bladi

xiiid. ob. ^^H

^B De Johanne le Wous pro xxx soldatis bladi

iiiid. ob. ^^H

^B De Johanne Lot* pro vii libratis bladi et salis

xxi d. ^^H

^B De Fransco Masse pro xxvî libratis bladi

vi s. vi d. ^^H

^B De Salomone de Stades pro vi libratis bladî

xviii d. ^^H

^B De Johanne Batel pro viii libratis bladi

H De Clayo Cone et soc[io ?] eîus pro viii libratis

X soldatis ^^H

H bladi ii s* î d. ob. ^^H

^Ê De Dionisio Belle pro xxxii libratis bladi et vinorum viii s. ^^|

^B De Thoma Angles pro x libratis canevacii et aliî

imm mer- ^^H

H cium

s, vi d. ^^H

H De Simone de Wytsand pro xxx soldatis wadii

iiii d. ob. ^^H

H De Agneta le Bursere pro ix libratis ferri bladî et lineorum ^^|

H pannorum

lis. iiid. ^^H

34^

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Monjii pro I soldatis bladi et caseî vîî d. ob.
De Roberto Pallynk' pro xiii soldatis bladi ii d.

De Galfrido oV Seint Dynys pro xiîîî libra tis bladi iii s. vi d.
De Johanne Gusse pro xiii libratis ferri ct bladi îîi s. iii d.
De Hanekino Ane>Ti pro Ixx soldatis bladi x d- ob.

De Gilberto Bollekyn pro iiii libratis bladi m d.

De PMlippo Furnyr pro ix libratis ferri et corkel îî s. iii d.
De Ferand de Cluche pro xxx soldatis bladi et bordonim

iiii d. ob.
De Petro Bor pro vii libratis bladi xxi d.

De Copino de Gaunt' pro Ix soldatis salis ix d.

De Henrico de Sonderland pro vii libratis bladi xxî d.

De Johanne de Bytole pro vi libratis x soldatis bladi et

bacords xixd< ob.

De Edmundo Wytbolle pro x libratis bladi îî s, vi d.

De Johanne Clerico pro iiii libratis x soldatis bladi

xiii d. ob.
De Johanne Lot' pro x libratis bladi ii s. vi d.

De Johanne de Bytole pro xxxii lîbratîs ferri viiî s.

De Henrico de Hume pro ix libratis bladi ii s. iii d.

De Matheo Wynalde pro xvii libratis xii soldatis giloferarum

rybarbe et confite iiii s, v d.

De Johanne de Corbye pro xxx soldatis wadii iiii d. ob.

De Petro Cobenel pro \îii libratis bladi xxi d.

De Henrico de Braban pro xviii libratis wadii iiii s, vi d.
De Johanne Wandecourt' pro ix libratis wadii ii s. iii d.

De Johanne de Cjuketreye pro \iil libratis bladi ii s.

De Jacobo Mon>Tis pro xl soldatis bladi vi d.

De Johanne de Bryton' pro xl soldatis allecii et veterum

pannorum vi d.

De Willehno Morbeke pro xl soldatis bladi vi d.

De Johanne de Boloyne pro xx soldatis carbonum iii d.

De Andrea Spisour pro xxxiii libratis gingebratti canelle et

snkare viii s. iii d.

De Jacobo de Ertliche pro x soldatis carbonum i d, oh I

De Egîdio BollekjTi pro xxx soldatis bladi iiii d. ob,

De Gerardo Euere pro xl soldatis carbonum vi d,

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

343

De Prat' Vylan pro 1 soldatis bladi

De Mais de Corbye pro vi libratis wadii

De Vincent de Ros pro xxxiiii libratis

amiculomm
De Jacobo Monyn pro hx soldatis bladi
De Petro de Adèle pro iiîî libratis wadii
De Henrico de Hake pro xxx soldatis carbonum
De Araaldo de Hust* pro xxiii soldatis carbonum

vii d, ob.

xviiid.

bladi et peUimn

viii s. vi d.

X d. ob.

xiid.

iiii d. ob.

iii d. ob.

De Waltero Lytene pro c soldatis carbonum et caraium

XV d.
De Antony de Axle pro 1 soldatis carbonum et allecii

vii d. ob.
De Cristiano Moys pro viii libratis allecii 11 s.

De WUlelmo le Wal pro xxx soldatis carbonum iiîî d. ob.
De Simone Mancel et soc[io ?] eius pro Ix soldatis carbonum

ixd.
De Matheo Moton pro xl soldatis ferri et carbonum vi d.
De Johaniie Ambesays pro uno equo ad xxx s, estimate

iiii d. ob.
De Johanne Candir pro xl soldatis patcUarum ollamm
cacaborum et gladiorum vi d,

Douorria:

De Roberto le Verger de Parys pro 1 soldatis pamii de
wortiisîede xii s. vî d.

De Gerardo de Gisnes pro îiii equis estîmatis ad £iîii xîî d.
De Johanne le Burser de Wytsand pro vi libratis xiii soldatis
frumenti xx d.

De Willelmo Cock* pro xxvîi soldatis parmi de kerseye

iiiid.
De Petro Lumpe pro xiii soldatis bladi îi d.

De Lamberto de Gysnes pro xxx soldatis bladi iîii d, ob.
De Fredekyno de Wytsand pro iiîî equis estîmatis ad xl s.

vid.
De Henrico Jobbe pro cvî soldatis viii denarîatis ordei

xvid.
De Roberto de Vakarye pro vii lîbrads x soldatis ordei

Eoi d. ob.

344 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Petro Lumpe pro vii soldatis ordei id*

De Nestegero de Wytsand pro xxx soldatis ordei iïîi d. ob»
De Frendekmo de Wytsand pro v equis ad xxx s. estimatis

iiii d. ob.
De Henrico Jobbe de Wytsand pro c soldatis ordei et brasii

De Baron Rybert* pro xxx soldatis brasii et avene iiii d ob.
De Hauekino le Vyde pro xxvi soldatis ordei iiii d.

De Lamberto Hurtemoyle pro xviii soldatis fnimenti

ii d. ob. q,
De Adam de Gysnes pro iii pemis estimatis ad x s. i d, ob.
De Pac' Hughelyn pro xl soldatis brasii vi d

De Hauekino Doter pro vi soldatis ordei id.

De Adam le Hosiere pro iii pemis baconis estimatis ad ix s.

i d. ob.

De Frendekino de Wytsand pro xl soldatis fnimenti vi d.

De Willelmo Botte de Sancto Omero pro i equo estimate ad

£iiii xii d.

De Bynde de Parme pro viii Ubratis x soldatis mercerie

ii s. i d. ob.
De Willelmo Cok' pro c vi soldatis viii denariatis fnimenti

xvid.
De Petro de Frokstane pro c xvi soldatis fnimenti

xvii d. ob.
De Claio le Rede pro xiii soldatis vi denariatis fnimenti ii d.
De Michaele de PepUng* pro xx soldatis casei iiid,

De Galfrido de Bauent pro i equo estimate ad be s. ix d.
De Eustachîo Croee pro iiii jimientis estimatis ad xniis,

vd
De Bore Willemot' pro xii jumentis estimatis ad £iiii xii d.
De Michaele de PepUng' pro iiii jumentis estimatis ad xxvi s.

mid.
De Willelmo le Tyrteyner pro iii equis estimatis ad xxs<

iiid

De Rous de Plesence pro xi equis estimatis ad £lx xv s.

De Willelmo Nicole de Line' pro iii pannis de worstede

estimatis ad xl s. vi d.

NEW CUSTOM OF zjoj

345

De Henrico le Barbier pro iii equis esdmatis ad xx s. îiî d.
De Merlyno de Cene pro i equo estimato ad xxxUi s, v d.
De Joharine de Wadynton' pro u equis estimatis ad i mr.

ud.
De Roberto Jobbe pro iiii marcatis farine vîiî d.

De Johanne Lyer pro ii marcatis ordei iiiî d.

De Boyt de WadyBton* pro iiii jumentis estîmatis ad xxx s.

iiii d, ob.
De WUklmo de Gysnes pro îîiî pannis de worthstede esti-
matis ad ii mr, iiii d.
De Vunenno le Fol pro ii jumentis estimads ad ix s. ix d.
De Lamberto Hurtemoyle pro xxx soldatis fnimenti

iiii d. ob.
De Haukyno Boydyn pro vîii jumentis esthnatis ad bac s*

X d. ob.
De Adam le Ceynt' pro iii equis estimatis ad vî mr. et di.

xiiid.
De Johanne Moys pro î equo estimato ad i mr. îi d.

De Johanne de Wadynton' pro iii equis et îî jumentis esti-
matis ad xl s. vi d.
De Johanne de Bonynge pro î jumento estimato ad dî. mr.

id.
De Baron Rypet' pro v marcatis brasii x d.

De Magistro Adam le Ceynt' pro i equo estimato ad Ix s.

ixd.
De Lamberto Hortemoyie pro x soldatis casei i d. ob.

Hetha: de exitibus custume ibidem pro xii libratis x soldatis
diversarum mercium iii s. i d. ob*

Romeneye: de exitibus custume ibidem pro vi" xix hbratis
diversarum mercium xxxiiii s. ix d*

I Fauersham: de exitibus custume ibidem pro iiii" xii libratis
^ diversarum mercium xxiii s.

LSumma ^ mercandîsanim Mcccc xlviii librate iiii
soldate ii denarîate
Summa * denariorum custume £xviii ii s. ob» q,
Sununa * increment! per particulas i d,
* Probata,

346

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Summa ' suromamm mercandisanim predictanim de repio
eductamm a festo Sancti Michaelis anno xxxii usque idem festimi
anno xxxiii mmcccc Ixviîî Ubrate xi soldate ii denariate

Summa ^ denariorum custume £xxx xvii s. i d. ob. q.

Summa ^ incrementi per particulas i d. ob. q.

§ 35-

An account of ike new custom ^ on wool, woolfeUs, and hides;
doth and wax; and goods subject to the poundage; paid by
aliens on exports and imports, Bristol ^ 7 April, ijoj —
Uç Afarcklj 130Ç.

The length of the period covered by this account is exceptional;
also the form of the account in which we find an unusual amount
of verbiage, the days of the week and the feasts of saints recorded
as in the accounts of local customs, and the statement that the
value is declared on oath. The word used is *' price " (precium),
which indeed in these documents is synonomous with value
(valor). Most of the merchants were Gascons and Portuguese.
The total trade of aliens in the commodities in question in Bristol
and Bridgewater, however, was quite insignificant, the custom due
therefrom being only a little over £5 a year. Carmarthen, like
Bridgewater a member of the port of Bristol, received 29 tuns of
wine from a Gascon merchant who in turn took away with him
one last of hides. The goods imported were figs, raisins» cloth,
leather, almonds, rice, honey, sugar, pepper, and safîron. The
exports w^ere cloth, wool, hidesj lead, tin, cora^ honey, horse-
shoes and horse-shoe nails, bronze jars, oilj and money. In the
case of the last mentioned commodity we find it recorded that
£30 sterling in counted money were exported and paid 3 d. per £
custom. Frequently, as in other accounts, we find sailors engag-
ing in trade on their own behalf.

Recepta novar[um] custumar[uml ultra antiquas cuslumas
débitas et consuetas domino regi ab extraneis mercatoribus et
alienigenis concessaru|m] facta apud BristoUum per manus
Johannis le Blund Ricardi Colpek' Thomae Coker et Johannis

^ Probata.

> The ptuxal mrve cusiumej an unusual fonn, k used id this account.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

347

Tiimberel ad easdam ciistumas colligendas et redpiendas
deputatonmi a festo Pasche anno regni Regis Edwardi filii
Regis Henrid xxn usque [ ] ^

De anno xxxi:

lidem Johannes Ricardus et sodi suî receperunt apud
BristoUum de Johanne de Seynt Fissyen mercatore
Ambiani de prefata custuma pro iii sacds lane empte
apud BristoUum [aist.I x s.

De eodem Johanne de Seynt Fission pro xii dacris coriomm
emptorum apud BristoUum [cust] iiii s.

De Willeîmo de Gaunt mercatore pro xx pamiis sine grano
carcatis apud BristoUum [cust.] xx s.

Et de eodem Willebno pro uno panno habente partem grani
intermixtam carcato ibidem [cust.] xviii d.

Item de Petro de la Gardere pro ii parvis sacds lane et vi
pétris emptis apud BristoUum [cust.] vii s. v d.

Item de Johanne Batel pro ii lasUs et i dacra coriomm
emptorum apud BristoUum [cust] xiii s. viii d.

Item de Henrico de Chalons pro £xxx sterlingorum in
pecunia numerata [cust.] \'ii s, vi d.

Item de eodem Henrico de Chalons pro xxiiii pannis sine
grano [cust.] xxiiii s.

Et de eodem pro cc de canabo pr, xl s. [cust.] vi d.

Item de WîUelmo de Tamensak' pro i lasta coriorum em-
ptomm apud BristoUum [cust.] di. mr.

Item de quodem Vasconie extraneo pro i equo empto apud
BristoUum pro £iiii x s, [cust.] xiii d, ob.

Item iidem Johannes et Ricardus receperunt de prefata
custuma domini regis die Dominica proximo ante festum
Sancti Egidii anno regni Regis Edwardi xxxi de Petro de
Luk' mercatore BurdegaUe pro di. lasta coriorum empto-
rum apud BristoUum [cust.] xl d.

Item die Sancti Mathei EwangeUci eodem anno de Johanne
Morel mercatore de D>Tiaunt pro xiii dacris coriorum
emptonun ibidem [cust.] iiii s. iiii d.

1 MS., R. O., K. R. Custonxs, 15/1.

348

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Item eodem die de eodem Johanne Morel pro di. sacco lane
empte apud Bristollum [cust.] xxd.

Item eodem die de eodem Johanne pro ccc stagni empd
ibidem pr, xxx s. [cust,] iîii d. ob.

Probata summa foist.] c vi s. î A
De anno xxxii :

Item iidem Johannes Ricardus et socii sui recepenmt dc
Raimimdo de la Dieu mercatore Burdegalie die Jouis
proximo post festum Sancte Trinitatis anno prefatt
Regis Edwardi xxxii pro xii quintallis amigdalonim pr.
quintalli x s.* [cust.] xviii d*

Et de eodem Raymundo eodem die pro xii panibus de
sucre ponderis xx\'^ librarum pr. libre xii d.

[cust.] iii d. ob. q.

Et de eodem eodem die pro ii qiiintalHs piperis pr. cs.

[cust,] XV d.

Et de eodem eodem die pro iiii quintallis de rys pr. xx\nîî s,

[cust.] iiii d. q.

Et de eodem Raymundo eodem die pro v libris crod pr.
XXV s. [cust] iii d. ob. q.

Item iidem Johannes et Ricardus receperunt die Dominica
proximo post festum Sancte Margarete anno supradicto
de Johanne Soladyen mercatore Burdegalie pro iii pannis
sine grano emptis apud Bristollum [cust.] iii s.

Item de Vitali de la Rynan de Gountaund pro i panno sine
grano empto ibidem [cust.] xii d.

Item de Willelmo Martel mercatore pro i panno sine grano
empto ibidem [cust] xii d.

Item de [ p per manum Johannis de Romenoye

pro xii pannis sine grano emptis ibidem [cust.] xii s.

Summa [cust.] xx s. viii d. ob, q.
De anno xxxili:

Item iidem Johannes et Ricardus receperunt die Doniinica
in festo Penkcosks anno regni prefati Regis Edwardi
xxxili de Reginaldo de Cassak' mercatore Vasconie pro
di, lasta et iii dacris pro di. lasta et iii dacris [sic] coriorum

^ Adducto in mazipn. ' Name omitted in manuscript.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

349

oneratorum in navi vocata La Ridiegang* de Weymutha

[cust.] iiii s. viii d.
De Petro Prat mercatore Vasconie die Veneris in septimana

Pentecostes anno xxxiii pro di- lasta coriorum fcust.| xl d.
De Johanne de la Dieux mercatore Vasconie ultimo die

August! anno supradicto videlicet anno xxxiii pro iîi

pannis sine grano oneratis in navi que vocatur La Edith

de We>Tnuth unde Hugo le Moy est magister [cust.] îiî d.
De Bertram de Terremer mercatore Vasconie eodem die

pro vi pannis sine grano oneratis in eadem navi

[cust J vi s.
De Amaldo de Porthe eodem die pro ix pannis sine grano

oneratis in eadem na\i [eus t.] ix s.

Et eodem die de eodem Amaldo pro iiii doliis plumbi pr, dolîî

xiiii s. onerati in eadem na\i (custj viii d. ob.

Et eodem die de Raimundo de la Dieux mercatore Vasconie

pro iiii doliis et i pipa plumbi pr, dolii xiiii s. onerati in

eadem [cust.] x d.

Et eodem die de Johanne Beof mercatore de Guntaund pro

vii pannis sine grano oneratis in eadem na\i [cust.] vii s.
Item de Arnaldo de la Faurg^ mercatore de la Ryole pro vi

pannis sine grano oneratis in eadem navi [cust.] vi s.

Item de Elia Sygin de la Ryole pro viii pannis sine grano

oneratis in eadem navi [cust.] viii s.

Item de eodem Elia pro panno Hibernie ad val. iiii mr.

onerato in eadem navi [cust,] viii d.

Item de Bertram de Terremer pro i doUo plumbi onerati in

eadem navi pr, i mr* [cust.] ii d.

Summa [cust.] xlix s. ob.
De anno xxxiiii :

Item de Gillelmo Peres et Gillekno Oriol mercatoribus

Vasconie xxii die Februarii anno regni Regis Edwardi

xxxiiii pro xxv charectatis de plumbo pr, £l onerato in

navi que vocatur La Sauneye de Briggewater unde

Willelmus de Wyght est magister [cust.] xii s. vi d*

Item prefati Johannes et Ricardus receperunt die Jouis

in festo Sancti Dunstani anno regni Regis Edwardi Elii

3SO

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Regis Henrid xxxiiiî de Ingram Gounter de Abbeville pro
Î lasta coriorum oneratonim in navi vocata La Rodeœgg*
de Bristollo unde Willelmus de Hampton est magister

[cust.] di, mr.

Item eodem die de Petro Malerbe mercatore de Amias pro
iiii lastis et di. coriorum oneratorum in predicta navi

[cust.) iî mr, et xl d.

Item iidem receperunt die Jouis in festo Sancti Augustini
eodem anno de custuma predicta de Thoma de Cadamo
mercatore Normaimie pro di* lasta coriorum oneratorum
in na\d vocata La Sauneye de Otermuth unde Ricardus
le Warre est ma^ster [oist] xl d.

Item eodem die de Bertram de Terremer mercatore Vas-
conie pro iiii doUis mellis onerati in predicta navi pr,
dolii £iiii [cust] iiii s.

Item eodem die de Wailardo Alye mercatore Vascome pro
ferro ad val. £ix onerato in eadem navi [cust] xxvii d*

Item iidem receperunt de Johanne de la Dyeux mercatore
Vascome die Jouis in festo Sancti Egidii anno ut supra
pro iiii pannis sine grano oneratis in navi vocata La
Nicholas del Zoghel unde Ad[am] Hawes est magister

[cust] iiii s.

Item eodem die de Menaldo Canat mercatore de Bezaz pro
iiii pamiis sine grano oneratis in eadem navi [cust] iv s,

Summa [cust.] Ixvi s. ix d.
De anno xxxv: h

Item prefati Johannes et Ricardus collectores predictc eus- |
tume receperunt da eadem custuma die Martis in festo
Sancti Valentine anno supradicto de Fratre Radulpho de
Casteler de Pictauia pro i lasta coriorum oneratorum in
navi vocata La Rodecogg* de Bristollo unde Michael
Roop est magister di. mr.

Et de eodem Fratre Radulpho pro xvi pannis sine grano
oneratis in eadem navi [cust.] xvi s.

Et de eodem Fratre Radulpho pro xîii Ubratis ferr[orum] ■
equorum et davorum oneratorum in eadem navi

[cust.] iii s. Hi d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

351

Item iidem coIIa:tores receperunt de Araaldo de Porthe
mercatore Vasconie die Martis in vigOia Sancti Petri in
Chadhedra anno supradicto pro blade ad val. £xxviii
sterlingomm videlicet vî lastîs de frumento pr. cuiuslibet
laste £iiii et î mr. onerato in navi vocata La Cogg' Notre
Dame de Sydemuth unde Radulphus le Sanger' est
magister [cust.] vii s.

Et de eodem Amaldo pro i dolio plumbi pr. i mr. onerati in
eadem navi [cust.] ii d.

Stunma [cust.] xxxiii s« i d.
Adhuc de anno xxxv:

Item iidem coUectores receperunt de custuma predicta die
Jouis proximo ante Dominicam in Ramis Palmarum anno
supradicto de Bernardo de Guyson magistro navis vacate
Navis Sancti Seuerini de Baîona pro ce îiiî" ii copulîs i
quarterono et di* ficuum et radmorum pr* per ipsius
juramentum £xl ob. q. sterUngorum videlicet cuiuslibet
copule ii s. X d. oneratorum in eadem navi [cust.] s s.

Et de Petro de Bosco et Johanne de Luk' pro d k copulîs di.
copula et i quarterono [ficuum et racemonim ?] pr. per
ipsius juramentum £iiii" i d. ob. sterlingomm videlicet
cuiuslibet copule ii s. x d. ut prius oneratorum in eadem
navi [cust.] xx s.

Et de eisdem Petro et Johanne pro cera ad val £x vi s.
onerata in eadem navi [cust.] îî s. vi d.

Et de eisdem Petro et Johanne pro pellibus cuniculorum et
basayna ad val. c s. sterlingorum oneratis in eadem navi

[cust.] XV d.

Item de Petro Darblet mercatore Baione pro vii^xviii
copulis et di. î quarterono et di. quarterono ficuum et
racemorum pr. per ipsius juramentum £xxii x s. i d. ob.
sterlingorum videlicet cuiuslibet copule îi s. x d. ut
prius oneratorum in eadem navi [cust.] v s. vii d* ob.

Item de Petro de Bosingcamp mercatore de Bayona pro
c Ixxvi copulis et di. ficuum et racemorum pr. per ipsius
juramentum £xxv i d. sterlingorum videlicet cuiuslibet
copule il s. X d. ut prius oneratorum in predicta navi

[cust.] vi s, îii d.

352 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Et de eodem Petro pro cera ad val. £mi sterlîngorum per
ipsius juramentum onerata in eadem navî [cust.] xii d.

Item de Damat de Mountuc* mercatore de Baiona pro \ii"
xviii copulis di, i quarterono et di. ficiium et racemorum
pr. per ipsius juramentum £xxii x s. î d. ob» sterlingonim
videlicet cuiuslibet copule ii s. x d. ut prius oneratonmi
in eadem navi [cust.] vs. vii d, ob.

Item de Michaele de Baiona marinario pro ix copulis et di*
ficuum et racemorum pr. xxvi s. xi d. videlicet cuiuslibet
copule ii s, X d. ut prius oneratorum in eadem navi

[cust.] iiii d.

Item de Vitali de Lyt marinario pro ii copulis i quarterono
et di. quarterono ficuum et racemorum pr. vi s. viii d. ob.
q, sterlingorum videlicet cuiuslibet copule ii s. x d. ut
prius oneratorum in eadem na\i [cust.] i d.

Item de Petro Deseros marinario pro iiii copulis et di. ficuum
et racemorum pr. xii s. ix d, sterlingorum videlicet cuius-
libet copule ii s. x d, ut prius oneratorum in predicta
navi [cust J ii d.

Summa [cust.] Hi s. x d.

Item iidem coUectores receperunt de custuma predicta die
Lune in crastino Dominice in Ramis Palmarum anno
supradicto de Gillelmo Oryol mercatore Vasconie pro
frumento pisis sotularibus et ferns equorum ad val. £xii
sterlingonim oneratis in navi vocata La Mighel de Bristollo
unde Galfridus Page est magister [cust.] iii s.

Item eodem die de Amando de Menant mercatore Vasconie
pro vii pannis sine grano oneratis in eadem navi

[cust J vii s.

Item iidem coUectores recepenmt die Sabbati in septimana
Pascke anno supradicto de Petro Darblet de Bayona pro
i panno et di. sine grano onerato in navi vocata Navis
Sancti Seuerini de Baiona unde Bemardus de Gyson est
magister [cust.) x\iii d.

Item de Petro de Bosingcamp mercatore de Baiona pro ii
pannis sine grano oneratis in eadem navi [cust.] ii s.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

3S3

Item eodem die de Petro de Bosco mercatore pro iî pannis
et di, sine grano oneratis in eadem navi [cust,] ii s, vi d.

Item eodem die de Bernardo de Guyson et sociis suis merca-
toribus de Bayona pro c Ixii libratis et x solda tis bladi
onerati in eadem na\'i \idelicet xxxii lastis ii pisis frumenti
pr. laste c s, [cost.} xl s, vii d. ob.

Summa [cnst.] Ivi s. vii d. ob.
Recepta prefate custume de anno regni Regis Edwardi filii
Regis Edwardi primo.

Predicti Johannes et Ricardus collectores prefate custume
receperunt die Martis proximo post festum Omnium
Sanctorum anno supradicto de Johanne de Luk' mercatore
Vasconie pro viii doliis mellis pr. cuiuslibet £iiii adducti
in navi vocata La Godgher de Bristol lo unde Thomas de
Hauekesbury est magister [cust.] viii s.

Item iidem receperunt die Martis proximo post festum
Sancti Petri in Cathedra anno supradicto de eodem
Johanne de Luk' pro x pannis sine grano oneratis in navi
vocata La Mighel de BristoUo [oust.] x s.

Et de Maynardo Mortemer mercatore Vasconie pro ii
charectatis et vi fontinellis plumbi pr» £viii xv s. onerati
in eadem navi [cust,] ii s. ii d. q.

Item de eodem MajTiardo pro v ollis eneis pr. xl s. oneratis
in eadem navi [cust.] vi d.

Item de Amaldo de Porthe mercatore Vasconie pro i dolio
plumbi pr. xx s. onerati in eadem na\â [cust.] iii d.

Et de eodem Arnaldo pro v ollis ends pr. xxx s. oneratis in
eadem navi [cust.] iiii d. ob.

Item prefati collectores receperunt de custuma predicta
die Martis proximo ante festum Pentecostes de Roberto
le Carpenter mercatore Burdegalie pro blado ad vaL
£xv onerato in navi vocata Navis Sancti Saluatoris de
Dertemuth unde Hillarius Cole est magister

[cust] iii s. ix d.

Item iidem collectores recepenmt die Veneris proximo post
festum Assumpcionis Beate Marie anno tunc prefati
Regis Edwardi secundo de Bertram de Terremer et

3S4

THE EARLY ENGUSM CUSTOMS

Menaldo Canat mercatoribus de Bazaz pro xxxv pannis
sine graiio oneratîs în navi vocata La Godgher de Bristollo

[cust J xsxv s.

Item de Petro le Broun et Johanne de Luk' mercatoribus
de Vasconia die Martis in crastino Nativitatis Beate
Marie anno supradicto pro xiiii pannis sine grano oneratis
in navi vocata La Trinité de Bristollo [cust.] xiiii s.

Item de Bertram de Terremer pro iiii doliis plumbi pr.
bdiii s. onerati in eadem navi [cust.] ix d. ob.

Item de eodem pro vi pannis sine grano oneratis in eadem
navi [cust.] vi s.

Item de Gaillarde Gerand pro ix pannis sine grano oneratis
in eadem navi [cust.] ix s.

Item de WiUelmo de Loungespey pro iiii pannis sine grano

oneratis in eadem navi [cust.] iiii s.

Summa [cust-l £iiii xiii s. x d, ob. q.

Recepta prefatomm Johannis et Ricardi a festo Sancti

Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi secundo usque [ ].

lidem Johannes et Ricardus receperunt de custuma predicta
die Veneris in festo Sancti Benedicti anno supradicto de
Gerardo Peres mercatore Pùfiingalie pro cc Iv copuHs
Ëcuum et racemorum pr, £xxxviii v s. per ipsius juramen-
tum videlicet cuiuslibet copule iii s. oneratorum in na\i
vocata Navis Sancte Anne de Portingale unde Laurencius
Bonsaly est magister [cust.] ix s. vi d, ob. q.

Et de Laurendo Bonsaly magistro predicte navis pro vii
copulis ficuum et racemorum pr. xxi s. ut prius oneratorum
in eadem navi [cust.] iii d. q.

Et de Johanne Peres mercatore eiusdem navis pro xxi
copuHs ficuum et racemorum pr. bdiî s, ut prius onera-
torum in predicta navi [cust J ix d. ob-

Item de eodem Johanne pro xxxi jardis olei pr. xjods*
videlicet quaUbet jarda xiid. onerati in predicta navi

[cust.] iiii d. ob. q.

Item de Fraundsco Comentiz pro xxii copulis et di. ficuum
et racemorum pr. Ixviis, vid. ut prius oneratorum in
predicta navi [cust.] x d. q.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

355

Item de Petro Simon marinario pro v copuUs ficuum et
racemomm pr. xv s, ut prius oneratorum in predicta
iia\'i [cust.] ii d. q.

Item de Petro de Scy marinario pro iii copulis pr. k s. ut
prius onerat[onun] in predicta navi [cust.] i d. ob.

Item de Stephano Barry marinario pro uii copulis pr. xii s.
ut prius oneratlorum] in predicta navi [custj ii d.

Item de Morcello marinario pro i copula et di. pr. iiii s* vi d.
ut prius onerat[orum] in predicta navi [cust.] ob. q.

Adhuc de navi vocata Na\ds Sancte Anne de Portingale

Item de Morcello marinario pro ii jardis olei pr. ii s. oneratis
in predicta navi Icust.] ob.

Item de Petro Marowe marinario pro î copula ficuum et
racemorum pr» iii s. oneratorum in predicta navi

[cust.] ob.
Summa [cust.] xii s, vi d.

Item iidem Johannes et Ricardus recepenmt de predicta
custuma die et anno supradictis de Francisco de la Garde
mercatore Portingalie pro cc Ixbc copulis ficuum et race-
morum pr, £xl viis, per ipsius juramentum videlicet
cuiuslibet copules [sic] iii s. oneratorum in navi vocata
Navis Sancte Agathe de Portingale unde Franciscus
Stephanus est magister [cust.] x s. 1 d.

Item de Gerardo Meen pro liiii copulis ficuum et racemorum
pr. £viii iis. ut prius oneratorum in predicta navi

[cust.] ii s. q.

Et de eodem pro iii jardis olei pr. iii s. per ipsius juramentum
oneratorum in predicta navi [cust.] ob.

Item de Martino Dominges mercatore pro hd et di. copulis
ficuum et racemorum pr. £ix iiiî s. vi d. oneratorum in
predicta navi [cust.] ii s. iii d. ob. q.

Item de Saluatore Dominges mercatore pro btx copulis
ficuum et racemorum pr. £x x s. ut prius oneratorum in
predicta navi [cust.] ii s. vii d. ob.

Item de Nicholao Onaye mercatore pro iiii" ii copulis et di
ficuum et racemorum pr. £xii vii s. vi d. ut prius onera-
torum in predicta navi [cust.] iii s. 1 d. q.

3s6

TEB EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Item de Domingo Johan' mercatore pro c xxxii et di. copulis
ficuum et racemorum pr, £xix xvii s. vi d. ut prius onera-

torum in eadem na\â [cust.] iiii s. xi d. ob. q.

Item de Bonsalo Peres mercatore pro iiii" iii copulis ficuum
et racemorum pr, £xii ix s, ut prius oneratorum in pre-
dicta navi [cust J iii s* î d. ob.

Item de Francisco Stephano magistro predicte navis pro
vi copulis ficuum et racemorum pr* xviii s. ut prius
oneratorum in predicta navi [cust.] ii d. ob. q.

Item de Lectono Domingo marinarîo pro îîî copulis pr. ix s,
ut prius onerat[onmi] in predicta navi [cust,] i d. ob.

Item de eodem Lectono pro ii jardis olei pr. iî s. ut prius
onerati in predicta navi [cust*] ob.

Item de Domingo Johan' mnrinello pro iiii copulis ficuum et
racemorum pr. xil s. ut prius oneratorum in predicta
navi [cust.] ii d.

Item de Domingo Peres marinello pro iii copulis ficuum et
racemorum pr. Lx s. ut prius oneratorum in predicta
navi [cust.] i d- ob.

Item de eodem Domingo pro î jarda olei pr. xii d. ut prius
onerati in predicta navi [cust.] q.

Item de Petro filio Petri marinario pro ii copulis et di. et î
quarterono ficuum et racemorum pr. viii s. iii d. ut prius
oneratorum in predicta navi [t^ust.] i d. q.

Item de Johanne Vinct marinario pro ii copulis et di. ficuum
et racemorum pr. vii s* vi d. ut prius oneratorum in
predicta navi [cust.] î d. q.

Item de eodem Johanne pro îîî jardis old pr. iii s. ut prius
onerati in predicta navi [cust*] ob.

Item de Domingo Johan* marinario Johanne de Portingale
et Francisco fratro magistri pro iiii copulis et di. ficuum et
racemorum pr. xui s. vi d. ut prius oneratorum in predicta
navi [cust.] li d.

Summa [cust.] xxix s. uii d, ob. q.

Item iidem Johannes et Ricardus recepenmt de prefata
custuma die et anno supradictis de Stephano Duraundz
magistro navis vocate La Rose de Portingale pro xxv

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

copulis et di, ficuum et racemonim pr. Ixxvi s. per ipsius
juramentum videlicet cuiuslibet copule iii s. ut prius
oneratorum in eadem navi [cost.] xî d. ob.

Item de Gerardo Meen mercatore pro c xxv copulis ficuum
et racemorum pr, £xvm xvs. ut prius oneratorum in
eadem [custj iiii s. viii d. q.

Item de Saluatore Doming' mercatore pro cxvi copulis
ficuum et racemorum pr. £xvii viii s. ut prius oneratorum
in predicta navi (custj iiii s. iiii d, q.

Item de Vinconcio Steiione mercatore pro c iiii** xviii
copulis ficuum et racemorum pr. £xxix xiiii s. ut prius
oneratorum in predicta navi [cust.j vii s. iiii d.

Et de eodem pro ii doliis mellis pr* viii mr. per ipsius jura-
mentum onerati in predicta navi |cust,| xvi d.

Et de eodem pro ii dacris coriorum oneratorum in predicta
na\i [cust,] viii d.

Et de eodem pro iiii" xiii pellibus cuniculorum pr. xl d,
oneratis in predicta navi [cust.] ob.

Item de Amfloro Domingo pro Dxxxiii copulis ficuum et
racemorum pr. £lxxix xix s. ut prius oneratorum in pre-
dicta navi {cust.] xx s.

Item de Bernardo Martin mercatore pro CO iiii** ii copulis
et di, ficuum et racemorum pr. Xxlii vixs* vi d. ut prius
oneratorum in predicta navi Icust.] x s* vii d.

Et de eodem Bernardo pro ii dacris coriorum oneratorum in
predicta navi [cust.] viii d*

Item de Johanne Peres marineUo pro iiii copulis et di.
ficuum et racemorum pr. xii s. ut prius oneratorum
in predicta navi [cust.] ii d.

Item de Gerardo marinario pro v copulis ficuum et race-
morum pr. XV s. ut prius oneratorum Ln predicta navi

[cust.j ii d. q.

Item de Andrea Peres marinario pro x copulis ficuum et
racemorum pr. xxxs. ut prius oneratorum in predicta
navi [cust.] iiii d. ob.

Item de Femaldo Peres pro vii copulis ficuum et racemorum
pr.xxi s, ut prius oneratorum in predicta navi [cust.] iii d.q.

3S8 TEE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

Item de Joharme Deromidz pro iiii copulis et dî. ficuum et
racemorum pr. xiii s. vi d. ut prius oneratorum in pre-
dicta isa\d [cust-l ii d.

Item de Rodringo marinario pro iiii copulis et di. ficuum et
racemorum pr. xiii s. vi d. ut prius oneratorum in eadem

fcust.J ii d.

Item de eodem pro iiii jardis olei pr. iiii s. ut prius onerati in
predicta navi [custj ob.

Item de Andrea Doming' marinario pro iii copulis et di, I
ficuum et racemorum pr. x s. vi d. ut prius oneratorum in
eadem [cust.] i d, ob.

Item de Johanne Peres marinario pro iiii copulis iii quar- ■
teronis ficuum et racemorum pr. xiiii s. iiid. ut prius
oneratorum in eadem [cust J ii d. q.

Item de Domingo Rose marinario pro iii copulis ficuum et
racemorum pr. ix s. et ii quarteronis pr, x%îiî d. ut prius
oneratorum in predicta navi [cust.] î d. ob.

Item de Saluatore marinario pro i copula et di. pr. iiii s. vi d.
et iii quarteronis ficuum et racemorum pr. xxviid. ut
prius oneratorum in predicta navi [cust.] î d.

Item de eodem Saluatore pre i jarda olei pr. xii d. ut prius
onerati in predicta navi [cust.] q.

Item de Johanne Stiuene marinario pro di. copula et ii ■
quarteronis ficuum et racemorum pr. iii s. ut prius et de
Johanne de Sancto Jacobo pro i copula et ficuum et race-
morum pr. iii s. ut prius et de Johanne de Sancto Marco
pro di. copula et î quarterono ficuum et racemonmi pr. fl
xx\Ti d. ut prius oneratorum in predicta navi [custj i d. q. "

Item de Domingo Petro iiii copuUs et di. ficuum et race-
morum pr. xi s. vi d. ut prius oneratorum in eadem

[cust.] i d. ob.

Item de Domingo Stephano pro iii copulis ficuum et race-
morum pr. ix s. ut prius oneratorum in predicta navi

[cust.] î d. q.

Item de eodem pro vi" iiii pomis granatis pr. [ ] oneratis

in predicta navi [cust.] [ 1

Summa [cust.] Ui s, x d. ob.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

359

Adhuc de armo Regis Edwardi secundo

Item iidem collectores receperunt de custuma predicta die
Sabbati proximo post clausom Pasche anno supradicto
de Stephano Durandz magistro navis vocate La Rose de
Portingale pro i panno et di. sine grano exeunte in eadem
navi [cust.] xvîîi d.

Item de Laurentîo Bonsali de Lîssebon magistFO navis
vocate Na\is Sancte Anne de Portingale pro i centena
plumbi pr. xliii s. exeuntis in eadem navi

[cust J \d d. ob.

Item de Francisco Cristine pro xxvii solidûi{is] plumbi

exeuDtis in eadem navi [cust J iiii d.

Item de Andrea Domynges mercatore PortingaUe pro iii

charectatis plumbi pr. £vîiî exeuntis in eadem navi

[cust.] ÎÎ s.

Item de eodem Andrea pro ii centenis stagni pr. xxxmi s.

exeuntis in predicta navi [cust,] v d.

Item iidem collectores recepenmt die Sabbati proximo post

festum Sancte Trînitatis anno supradicto de custuma

predicta de Menaldo Canat mercatore de Bezaz pro xxi

paniiis sine grano exeuntibus in navi vocata La Alice de

Wejonutha [cust] xxi s.

Item de eodem pro iiii pannis habentibus partem grani

intermixtam exeuntibus in eadem navi [cust.] vi s.

Et de eodem pro iiii saccis lane exeuntis in eadem navi

[cust.] 1 mr.

Item iidem receperunt de Gaillardo Beof mercatore Vas-

conîe pro vii doUîs plumbi pr. vii mr. videlicet cuiusHbet

dolii 1 mr, onerati in navi vocata La Snow de Tengmuth

[cust.] xiiiid.

Item de Raymundo de Gales pro i dolio plumbi pr. Î mr,

onerati in predicta navi [cust.] ii d.

Summa [cust.] xlvi s, v d. ob.
Sunama Mius recepte de predicta custuma apud
BristoUum £xxxi ii d. ob. q.^

^ Omission here of some parts not essential to the account.

360

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De custuma apud Kermerdyn de armis predictis
Suimna coriomm i lasta inde cast, di. mr.
Item custuma de xxix doliis vini ibidem Iviii s.
Summa [custume] Ixiiii s, viii d.

[Bruggewauter]

Item de tota custuma apud Bruggewauter per totiim

tempus predictum ix d.
Custuma de Bruggw[auter] non ponebatur inter alia

Summa saccorum lane educte per tempus predictum 1

sacci di. vi petre inde cust, xxxii s. v d.

Summa coriomm eductorum per idem tempus xiiii laste

iii dacre inde cust. £iiii xiiii s. iiii d*

Summa pannorum sine grano eductorum cc xlii panni et dî.

inde cust. £xii ii s, vi d.

Summa diversorum [sic] mercandisiamm adductarum etc.

inde cust. £xv iiii s. vi d* q.

Summa totalis cum ix d. de Briggewauter £xxxjm v s.

viii d-

§ 36. An account of the new custom mt wax and goods subject to the
poundage, exported or imported by aliens ^ Soutfmmpton,
28 October y ijo8 — /7 August, ijog,

Portsmouth is one of the members of the port included
in the account. The trade seems to have been largely with
Spain. Spanish wool and leather stand out as prominent
imports. Other goods brought in were woad, iron, fish, wax,
chests, thread, peltry, battery, oxen, onions, and garlic. The
following commodities were exported: corn, cloth, sea-coals, salt»
bacon, mutton, and beef. There was one case of agency: Roger
le Rous imported cloth to the value of £392 in the name of
CoUard de Toraay. The imports recorded in this account
greatly exceed the exports, the former being valued at £3779 and
the latter at £193. Wax, not included in these figures, would
swell the imports still more.

Rotulus recepcionis nove custume trium denariorum de libra
collecte per manus Henrici de Lym et Johannis de Schyrly

NEW CUSTOM OF IJ03

custodum et coUectoruni predicte custume apud Suthamp-
toniam de extraneis tantum a xxviii die Octobris aimo regrn
Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi secundo usque 3mii diem
Augusti anno eiusdem domini regis tercio.*

In navi Roberti le Stoctere carcata * in portu Suthamptonie
xrviii die Octobris anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi
secundo

Jacobus ly Cras carcweil vi bacones pr. xx s. cust. iii d.

Johannes Chyual carcavit iiii tapeta pr. xl s. cust, vi d.

Jacobus Pyket carcavit x carcosia multonum pr. xiii s. iiii d.

cust. ÎÎ d.
Johannes Pouuerey carcavit ii carcosia b(mina pr. xiii s. iiii d.

cust. ii d.

Laurencius Polaynvile carcavit x bussellos nucium pr* xiii s.

iiii d, cust, ii d.

Mancelinus de Quarel carcavit iiii pecias bknketli pr. be s.

cust ix d.
Guillehnus Mondedyr carcavit iiii pecias blanketti pr. xl s.

cust. vi d.
Ricardus le Ryche carcavit iiii tapeta pr. xl s. oust, vi d.
Idem carcavit iiii remenanta blanketti pr. £v xiii s, iiii d*

cust. xvii d.
Idem Ricardus carcavit iii" fern pr. £vii x s.

cust. xxii d. ob.

Lambardus Aneyne carcavit 1 quarteria carbonum man-

norum pr. I s. cust. vii d. ob,

Summa estimacionis et valoris rerum predictarum

£xxvii xiii s. iiii d. Summa custume vi s. xi d.

In navi Roberti le Gauntyr applicata xxviii die Novembris

anno supradicto

Matheus le Caneuassir adduxit iiii fardellos canabi pr. £xxx

cust. vii s. vi d.
Stephanus Marays adduxit vii dolia weysde pr. £xx

cust. v s.
Smnma estimacionis et valoris rerum predictarum £1

Summa custume xii s. vi d.
* MS.» R. O., K. R. Customs, 136/8. » EducV in the margin.

362

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi Ricardi le Bayard applicata ia dicto portu riiii die
Decembris anno supradicto

Michael Dure adduxit vîîi lastas allecii mbei pr, £xi

OlSt. V s.

Ricardiis Anuerey addimt îî lastas alledi mbei pr. £v

cust, XV d.
Ricardus Bernard adduxit ii" de congris pr. £xv

cust. iii s. ix d*
Robertus Philippe adduxit iii*" de congris pr. £xvi cust îîii s.
Robertus Pytard adduxit ii" c de congris pr, £x

cust. ii s. vi d.
Lucas de la Corayre xv" de haddokis pr. £xv

cust. iii s. ix d.
Summa estimacionis et valoris rerum predictarum
£îiii" i

Summa custume xx s. iii d.
In navî Jacobi de Gemesy applicata xiîîî die Januarii anno
supradicto

Ricardus le Ryche adduxit iii** congrorum pr, £xiii

cust. iii s. iii d.
Petrus TryOet adduxit liii*^ congres pr. £iiii cust. xii d.

Guillelmus Fallot adduxit vii"^ coogros pr, £iiii cust. xii d.
Idem adduxit oynoneUe pr. 1 s, cust. vii d. ob.

Jacobus de Harderwyk' adduxit xii" de haddokis pr. £xii

cust. xii d.
Summa estimacionis et valoris mercandisiarum pre-
dictarum £xxxv X s. Summa custume viii s. x d. ob.
In na\i Johannis Derdyr de Bayone applicata in dicto portu
anno predicto xviii die Februarii

Reymundus de Moynes adduxit xxi duodenas arcarum pr.

badii s. Oii d. cust. xi d.

Petrus Guillelmus de Fogat adduxit iiii balas amigdalorum

pr* Ix s. cust. IX d

Johannes de Hanas adduxit ii balas basani et î balam

amigdalorum pr* £ix 3dii s. iiii d, oust- ii s. v d-

Petms Geraud adduxit vi" quintallos fern pr. £xvi

cust iiii s,

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

363

Gayiardynus de Basatz adduxit xxi balas IkoHdi xxx
duodenas alluti xxvi quintallos ferri pr. £xx vî s. vîîii d.

cust, V s, i d*
Reymondus de Byries xx\i" ferri pr, £\\A cust. xuii s.

Bemardus de Liic xvi balas amigdalorum pt. £xiiii

cust. îiî s. vî d.
Idem Bemardus adduxit xvi duodenas arcamm pr, Ixxs,

cust, X d, ob,

Petrus de France adduxit iii saccos lane Ispannie viiî balas

filacie pr, £xxv cust. vî s. îiî d.

Idem adduxit ix balas amîgdalorum et xn*" ferrî pr. £xxxî

cusL viî s, ix d,

Andreas de Vynau adduxit xxxii duodenas arcarum pr, £v

vî s. vîii d, cust, xvi d,

Summa estîoiacionis et valons mercandisîarum pre-

dictarum £c îiii" vii x s.

Summa costume xlvi s. x d. ob*
Eodem die în navî Stacîe le Bouchyr carcata * in dîcto portu
xviii die Febmarii

Johannes Cop de Gemesy carcavît xx bareUos gemme pr. £vi

cust. xviii d.

Idem carcavit xiii quyntallos fenri pr. £iiii cust, xii d,

Matheus de la Graue carcavit cl quarteria salis grossi pr,

£vî cust, xviii d,

Petrus Clement carcavit xxvi*^ ferri pr, £v xiii s, iiii d,

cust. xvii d*
Idem Petrus carcavit xvîî quarteria carbonum pr, xv s.

cust ii d, q.
Ricardus le Riche carcavît îîii** 1 quarteria pîsarum pr. £xxî

cust. V s, iîi d.
Idem carcavit vii barellos gemme pr. xxxvî s. cust, v d, ob.
Wîllehiius Crok eduxit iiii" ferri pr, £iiiî vî s. viiî d,

cust, xîiî d.
Summa estimacîom*s et valons mercandisiarum pre-
dictarum £xlix ad s.

Summa custume xii s. iiii d. ob, q.

* Edtict* in the oaargiû.

364

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In Ea\'i Johaimîs de Baîone vocata Navis Sancte Marie
applicata xviii die Febniarii anno predicto

Petms de Byres adduxit xvii balas lane Hyspannie x ballas

alluti iii capasas de ryso pr. £im** vi cust. xxi s. vi d.

Idem Petms adduxit vii** fern pr. £xiii cust. Hi s. iii d.

Philippus Feruyr adduxit iiii ballas alluti x^ fern et ii balas

peletrie pr, £li cust. xii s. ix d.

Arnaud GuîUelm adduxit Ixxv quintallos ferri viii balas

alluti iiii balas filacie pr, £lxii cust. xv s. vi d.

Durant* Dolyron adduxit xxvi saccos lane Ispannie vii"

ferri pr. £xxxv vi s. viii d. cust. viii s. x d.

Johannes de Bonyerd adduxit vii balas aUuti pr. £xl

cust. X s.
Reymond Daryon adduxit xx" ferri iii balas alluti pr. £]x
V s. cust. XV s. ob. q*

Bydau de Monge adduxit xviii" ferri pr. £xxix

cust. vii s. iii d.
Idem Bydau adduxit xv balas amigdalorum pr. £xx

cust. V s,

Andreas de France adduxit xxi" vi*^ ferri et iiii balas alluti

pr. £1 cust. xii s. vi d.

Summa estimacionis et valons mercandîsiarum predic-

tarum £cccc xlvi xi s. viii d,

Summa custume £v xi s. vii d. ob. q.
In navi Nicholai Neyret applicata in dicto portu die et anno
supradictis

Petrus Clement adduxit iiii fardellos canabi pr. £xzxvi

cust* ix s.
Willelmus Crok adduxit iii lastas alledi rubei pr. £ii!i

cust. xii d.
Petrus Post adduxit vi lastas alleci rubei pr, £viii cust, ii s,
Johannes de Mont Sauaget adduxit vii*^ congres pr, £\ii

cust. xxi d.
Jacobus de Harderwyk' adduxit xu*! haddoukomm pr, £xii

cust. iii s.
Summa estimacionis et valons rerum predictamm
£lxvii Summa custume xvi s. ix d*

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

365

In iia\T Henrici le Rtiyr applicata xx die Febmarii anno
predicto

Jacobus ly Queynte adduxit xviîî dolia weysde pr. £iiii"

et X aist. xxii s. vi d,

Robertus de la Marchakle vi lastas allecii rubei pr. £v xiii s*

iiii d. cust. xvii d.

Summa estimadonîs et valorîs mercandisiarum predic-

tarum £iiii" xv xiii s. iiii d.

Summa custume xxiii s. xi d.
In na\d Ricardi le Myre carcata * in portu Suthamptonie xn,
die Februarii anno predicto

Ricardus Bernard carcavit iiii*^ fern pr. xxx s.

cust. iiii d, ob.

Robertus Pytard carcavit iiii^ ferri et xx virgas panni lanosi

pr. £vi cust, xviii d.

Hugho Lucas carcavit iiii*^ ferri et xxx ulnas panni mixti

colons pr. £vi cust xviii d.

Idem Hugho eduxit cc quarteria salis grossi pr. £vii

cust. xxi d.

Idem Hugo eduxit xl quarteria carbonum marinorum pr,

xl s. cust. vi d.

Johannes de Monsauaget ii molas pr. £iiO cust. xii d.

Idem eduxit c quarteria salis grossi pr. £vi x s.

cust xix d. ob.
Ricardus le Pon[net] xiii^ ferri pr. £iiii viii s, cust. xiii d. q,
Summa estimacionis et valons mercandisiarum predic-
tarum £xxxvii viii s.

Summa custume ix s. iiii d. q.
In navi Ricardi M aloe applicata xxviii die Februarii anno regni
regis predict! secundo

Willeknus Maluy adduxit muleittellum ad val. £v xiii s. et

iiii d. cust. xvii d.

Idem Willehnus adduxit haddoukos ad val. £vi vi s. et viii d.

cust. xix d.
WiUelmus Hardy adduxit alledum album ad val. £xvi

oist iiii s.
^ Ed%t<f m the margin.

366

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Rjcardus Maynan adduxit muleweUiim ad val. £vïï

cust. xn d.
Idem Ricardus adduxit allea ad vaL £x cust, ii s. vi d.

Henricus Sturesman addiaxit cepe et allea ad vaL £xi vi s,
viii d. cust. ii s. x d.

Idem Henricus adduxit stangnum ad val. £xx cust. v s,
Johannes Meryom adduxit haddukos ad val £xîi

cust. iii s.
Summa estimacionis ct valons mercandisîarum predic-
tarum £iiii** viii vi s. viii d,

Summa custume xxii s. i d.
In navi Andrée de Isenee vocata La Legyre carcata * in portu
Suthamptome ii die Mardi anno predicto videlicet apud
Portesmoutham

Rogerus atte Holme carcavit viii" quarteria vessarum pr.

£xxx cust. vii s. vi d.

Ricardus Harang* carcavit iiii" bacones xx carcosia mul-

tonum pr, £x\ii cust. iiii s. iii d.

Idem Ricardus carcavit Ixx quarteria carbonum marinorum

pr. Ixvi s, viii d. cust x d

Idem Ricardus carcavit x carcosia bo\"ina k bacones xxv

carcosia multonum pr. £vm cust, ii s.

Summa estimacionis et valons rerum predictarmn

£Iviii vi s. viii d. Summa custume xiiii s. vii d*

In navi Roberti Gylibe applicata in portu predicto ii die

Mardi anno predicto

Symon Groflil adduxit iiii dolea weysde pr, £xvi

cust. iiii s,

Johannes Chynal adduxit ii dolia weysde et xii dolia plen[a]

fmmenti pr. £xviii xiiî s. iiii d* cust, iiii s* viii d,

Fermynus Cokerel adduxit ix dolia weysde pr, £xl\iii

cu^t. xii s,

Thomas Petyt adduxit v dolia weysde pr* £xxvi xiiis,

iiii d. cust vi s. viii d.

Henricus Beaupyne adduxit iiii dolia weysde pr. £xvi

cust, iiii s.

^ Educl' [apud] PorUsmûuikûM in the inaigin.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

367

Reyninis de Berefroy viii dolia weysde pr. £xl cust* x s,
Petnis Focambergh adduxit viii dolia weysde pr, £xxdi

cust. viii s.
Smnma estimadonis et valons reniin predictanim
£c iiii"xvii vî s. viii d,

Summa custnme xHx s. iiii d*
In navi Asselyne de Bareflut' applicata in portu predicto iiii

I die Mardi anno predicto videlicet apnd Portesmutham
Matheus le Canevassyr adduxit iiii fardellos paimi de
canabo pr, £xxxv oist, \'iii s. ix d.

Johannes de Denant adduxit xl libratas de bateria pr. £xl
cust. x s.
Petms de MiUane adduxit xl saccos lane Hispannie pr.
£xxvi cust- vi s. vi d.

Monynus de Hey xxx saccos lane Hispannie pr. £xx
■ cust. v s.

■ Summa estimacionis et valons remm predictarum

" £c xxi Summa custume xxx s, iii d.

In navi Reginaldi Powe applicata viii die Mardi anno pre-
dicto
^ Doucet de Paskan adduxit xxv*^ cere cust, xxv s.

^^^ Augerot de Morlanz adduxit iii balas alluti pr. £xx
^^B V

^^^K Summa estimadonis et valons renmi predictanim

^^^V £xx Summa custume v s.

^^^P Summa cere xsv^ Summa custume xxv s.

V In navi Stade Lucas carcata * eodem die supradicto anno
eiusdem domini regis secundo videlicet apud Portesmutham

Lauren tius Musard carcavit DC quarteria salis grossi pr. £xx

cust. V s.
Summa estimadonis et valons rerum predictarum £xx

Summa custume v s.
In navi Robert! Folye applicata in portu Suthamptonie xi
die Mardi anno supradicto

Johannes Filol adduxit iiii dolia weysde pr. £xvi

cust. iiii s.

< Educf m the margin*

368 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Ricardus Norays adduxit v dolia weysde pr. £xx

cust. V s.
Robertus le Molenyr ii dolia weysde pr. £vîîî xîiï s, îiii d.

cust. ii s. ii d.

Sununa estîmacîoms et valons rerum predictamm

£xlmi xiii s. îiii d* Stimma custume xi s. ii d.

In oavi Johannîs Colyn applicata xx die Mardi anno supra-
dîcto

Egidius Beaupyne adduxit viîî dolîa weysde pr. £xxxii

cust. vm s.
Henrîcus Beaupyne adduxît v dolîa weysde pr, £xx

cust. V s.
Hugo de Seynt&ssien adduxît vii dolia weysde pr. £xxxvi

cust. ix s.
Jacobus ly Cras adduxît ii dolîa weysde pr, £x xiii s. iiîi d,

cust. ii s. \^ d.
Petrus Focambergh adduxît iîii dolia weysde pr. £x\î

cust. îiii s.

Petrus Malherbe adduxit xiii dolia weysde pr, £lxiiii vis*

viii d. cust* xvi s, i d.

Bemardus Cauemayl viii dolia et i pipam weysde pr.

£xxxvi vî s. vîiî d. cust. îx s. î d.

Johannes le Feyr adduxit xiiii dolîa weysde pr. £xx

cust, v s.
Reymrus de Berefroy îx dolia weysde pr. £xxxii

cust. \îiî s.
Summa estimadonîs et valons rerum predictarum
. £cc Ixvii vi s. \dii d.

Summa custume Ixvi s. x d.

In navî Johannîs Eme applîcata ii die Aprîlîs anno supradicto
in dîcto portu predicto videlicet apud Portesmoutham

Johannes du Gai;d adduxît ce et xxx quarteria frumenti pr.
£îîii" viii vi s. vîîî d. cust. xxii s. i d.

Summa estimacîonîs et valons rerum predictarum
£iiîî^ viii vi s. vîîî d.

Summa custume xxîi s. î d.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OP 1303

369

In navi Stephani le Sage applicata in fK>rtu Suthamptonie iii
<îie Aprilis anno predicto

Ferrando Petrus adduxit k balas basani \ii balas filade pr.

£lii xiii s. iiii d, cust. xiii s, ii d.

Idem Ferando adduxit xxii balas lane Ispanide xxx balas de

camyfi pr. £xxv vi s. viii d. cust. vi s* iiii d.

Johannes de Sparce adduxit iiii balas alluti pr, £xxiiii

cust. VÎ s.

Petrus de Syngnos adduxit xx balas lane Ispannie et iiii

balas alluti pr, £xl cust. x s.

Durant DoI>Ton xiiii saccos lane Ispannie ii balas alluti

iii** fern pr. £xxvi cust. vi s. vi d.

Johannes Mansoh adduxit xv saccos lane x" fern pr.

£xxii cust. V s. vi d,

Augerot de Morlanz adduxit ii balas alluti c xx duodenas

arcarum pr, £xiiii vi s. viii d. cust. iii 5, vii d«

^^ Summa estimadonis et valons rerum predictamm

^ff £cc iiii vi s. \dii d. Summa custume Ii s. i d.

In navi Johannis de Vyene Ispannie vocata Navîs Sancti Luce

applicata v die ApriEs anno supradicto videlicet apud Portes-

moutham

Ferrando Petrus adduxit bciiii saccos lane Ispannie pr.
£xxx\âii cust, ix s* vi d.

Idem Ferando Pieres adduxit v balas de corduano et vi balas
de basano pr. £xxxii cust. viii s.

Bounce t de Paskan adduxit vi balas alluti ii saccos lane
Ispannie iiii balas filacie pr. £xxxvi cust, ix s.

Idem Douncet adduxit i balam de basano pr. xliii s.

cust, vi d* ob.

Idem adduxit xi*^ cere et di. unde cust, xi s* et vi d.

Johannes de Harghes adduxit ii balas alluti et ii balas de

basano pr. £xvi cust. iiii s.

Guillelmus de Vynau adduxit i balam alluti vi balas filacie

pr. £xvii cust. iiii s. iii d.

Petrus de Puyayne adduxit x balas lane Ispannie et iii

balas alluti pr. £x\iii cust. iiii s. vi d»

Egidius de Steyle adduxit itii balas alluti ii balas âlacie iiii

balas de basano pr. £xxxix xiii s. iiii d. cust. ix s. xi d.

370

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Petrus de Pere adduxit v balas filacie vi balas basani rubci
ii balas alluti pr, £xx vi s. viii d. cust. v s- î d.

Idem Petrus adduxit liii balas alluti pr. £xviii

cust. iiii s, vi d,

Summa estimacionis et valons rermn predictamm

£cc xxxvii iii s. Summa custume lix s. iii d. ob.

Summa cere xi*^ et 1 Summa custume xi s, vi d.

In navi Brother atte Hobne applicata in portu Suthamptonie

xi die Aprilis anno supradicto

Ricardus Moton adduxit vii saccos lane Ispannîe pr. £\i

cust, xviii d.
Idem Ricardus adduxit cc baterie pr. £xix xiii s, iiii d.

cust. iiii s. xi d,
Rogenis Debeyr vi balas filacie pr. £v vi s. viii d,

cust, xvi d.
Idem Rogenis adduxit iii balas alluti pr. £xx cust. v s.

Summa estimacionis et valons mercandisiarum pre-
dictamm £li Summa custume xii s. ix d.
In navi Johannis de Hosillo applicata in dicto portu xxi die
Aprilis anno supradicto

Ricardus Harang* adduxit r>ccc cere pro quibus solvit de

quolibet c xii d, cust. \Tii s.

Sunmia cere viii*" Summa custume viii s.

In navi Henrid Colomb applicata in portu predicto iii die

Maii anno predicto

Thomas de Bristowe adduxit xviii dolia weysde pr. £c vi

xiii s. iiii d. cust. xxvi s. viii d,

Johannes Chenal adduxit vii dolia weysde pr. £xliiii xiii s.

iiii d. cust. xis. iid.

Robertus le Normant' adduxit xx dolia weysde pr. £cx vi s.

viii d. cust, xxvu s. vii d.

Summa estimacionis rerum predictarum £cc bd xiii s.

iiii d. Summa custume Lrv^ s, v d.

In navi Galfridi de Ryons applicata in portu predicto xxviii

die Maii anno predicto

Petrus Am' de Bourds adduxit xxadii balas lane Hispannie
pr. £xxxii cust. viii s.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

371

Idem Petrus adduxit ii balas alluti ii balas peletrie iiii balas
basani pr. £xîiî cust. iii s, iii d.

Petrus de Seynt Martîno ii balas filacie Ix quyntallos ferri
iiii duodenas alluti pr, £viii cust. ii s.

Martinus de Paradlane Lriii balas lane Hispannie pr. £lxijii

CUSt, XVÎ s.

Johannes Hurtyn adduxit x balas filacie duo dolia olei xx

saccos lane Hispannie pr. £iiii** cust. xx s.

Fortyn de la Bande adduxit Ixx balas lane Hispannie iiii

balas filacie pr. £bDdiii cust. xviii s. vi d,

Lepynet de Vermue adduxit iiii** ferri v balas alluti viii

balas basani pr* £xxiii ix s. cust. v s. x d, ob.

Johannes Adon' adduxit xiii balas alluti xxx balas lane

Hispannie xxii balas cimini pr. £iiii" xi s.

cust. XX s- id. ob. q,

Hortinus de Carco adduxit xxxiii balas lane Hispannie vii

balas alluti iiii balas fiJacie pr. £lxv cust. xvi s, iii d.

Summa estimacionis et valons rerum predictarum

£cccc xl Summa custume £v x s. q.

In navi Gerardi Cre>7ne applicata in portu predicto primo die

Junii anno predicto

Idem Gerardus adduxit mulvellos et haddoukos pr. £vi

cust. xviii d.
Summa estimacionis et valons rerum predictarum £vi

Summa custume xviii d.
In navi Johamiis Vauassour applicata in dicto portu v die Junii
anno predicto
^ Rogerus de Rabinsson adduxit vi dolia weysde pr. £xxxii

■ xiii s. iiii d. cust. viii s. ii d.
m Symon Groffil adduxit iiii dolia weysde pr, £xvi cust. iiii s.
B Ferminus Kokerel adduxit v dolia weysde pr. £xx cust. v s.
^^H Summa estimacionis et valons rerum predictarum
^BP £lxviii xiii s. iiii d, Summa custume xvii s, ii d,

■ In navi Stade Droffyn applicata in dicto portu viii die Junii
anno predicto

Rogerus de Rabinsson adduxit v dolia weysde pr. £xxvi

cust. vi s. vi d.

372

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Henricus Beaupyne adduxit iiii doUa weysde pr. £xvi

cust, iiii s.
Reyiiirus de Berefroy vîii dolîa weysde pr, £xxxii

cust* viii s.
Petxus Focambergh' adduxit viii dolia weysde pr, £xxxii

cust. \îii s,

Summa estimadonis et valons remin predictaram

£c vi Summa custume xxvi s, vi d.

In navi Fortyn Schenches de Hispannîa appHcata in dicto
portu xvii die Augusti anno regm regis predict! terdo

Johannes Bon' adduxit xxii saccos lane Hispannie pr. £xxii

cust. V s. vi d.
Idem adduxit m viii*^ ferri pr* Ix s. cust. ix d.

Idem adduxit xxxii duodenas arcamm pr. bcx s.

cust. X d. ob.
Johannes Martyn adduxit v saccos lane Hispannie pr. £v

cust. XV d.

Idem adduxit xxvii duodenas alluti i balam basani pr,

£xxx\di xiii s. iiii d. cust. ix s, v d. ob.

Idem adduxit iii roellas panni vel[uti] 1

Martin Martinus adduxit xi** ferri pr. > cust. iii s. iiii d.

£xiii vi s. \Tiid. J

Petrus de Bermuth' adduxit v** ferri xix duodenas arcarum

pr. £viii xv s. cust, ii s. ii d. q.

Petrus Perys adduxit iii" ferri pr. Ixxv s, cust. xi d. q,

Summa estimadonis et valoris rerum predictanini

£iiii'^* xvii Summa custume xxiiii s. iii d. ob.

In navi Petri de la Falayse applicata eodem die

Idem Petrus adduxit Ix quarteria frumenti cxx quarteria

ordd pr. £xiii cust. iii s. iii d.

Summa estimadonis et valoris rerum predictarum

£xiii Summa custume iii s. iii d.

In navi Willelmi Kok' applicata xvii die Augusti anno predicto
Idem Willelmus adduxit xi boves pr. £xvi cust. iiii s.

Summa estimadonis et valoris rerum predictarum £ivi

Summa custume iiii s,

In navi Nicholaî Neyret applicata eodem die anno supradicto
Petrus Clement adduxit x boves cc congros pr. £iiii

cust. xii d.
Summa estîmadonîs et valons rerum predictamm £îiiî

Summa cnstume xii d.

In navi Roberti Gybbe applicata xviii die Augusti anno
predicto

Reynirus de Berefroy adduxit v dolia wesde pr* £xx

cust. V s.
Fenmnus Kokerel adduxit viii dolia weysde pr, £xxxii

kcust. viii s*
Johannes de Kontif adduxit vî dolia weysde pr, £xxiiii
cust. vi s,
Summa estimadonis et valons rerum predictamm
£lxxvi Summa custume xix s.

In navi Ricardi Kute applicata eodem die
Petrus Demfort de la Rochele adduxit xxxvi saccos lane
Hispannie pr. £xvi cust. iiii s.

Summa estimadonis et valoris renim predictamm £xvi

Summa custume iiii s.

In na\'i Bandewyni Trossel applicata eodem die

Rogems le Rous nomine CoUard de Toraey adduxit iii

fardeilos panni lanosi continentes cl remenanta pr, £ccc

iiii** xii unde cust, £iiii xviii s.

Summa * estimadonis et valoris mercandisiamm in

dicto portu applicatamm per predictum tempus

£mmm v'ii'^kxix xvi d.

Summa ^ custume inde provenientis £xlvii iiii s. vi d*

q. et de incremento iii d.
Summa * estimacionis et valoris remm et mercandi-

siarum exeuncium £c iiii*^ xii xix s.
Summa custume inde provenientis xlviii s. iii d.
Summa * cere xliiii quintalli Summa custume xliiii s,
Summa incrementi iii d.

* Probata.

374

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

§ 37, An account of the new custom on doth, wax, wine, and goods
subject to ific poundage, imported by aliens at Lynn^ 2Ç
September J 1324 — 28 September, 1325.

This is an interesting list of imports with comparatively small
amounts of cloth, wax, and wine» which in other accounts loom
so large. Prominent among the importers were the Easterlings,
Scandina\dans, and Dutch. The extent to which the owners or
masters of ships were also the merchants is surprisingly large.
The sailors, too, frequently traded on their own behalf. Some
very large items of imports are 80 lasts of herring valued at £160;
900 quarters of rye worth £34; 39 barrels of steel {cûlibs) ap-
praised at £117; and 120 barrels of litmus set down at £20,
Large cargoes of potashes were brought in. Copper and cop-
peras occur. Rhenish wine to the extent of 34 tuns and spears
(iingna) to the number of 214! hundreds (probably the long
hundred of six score) are found. Various kinds of wooden wares
arc listed, such as boards, slabs, righolt, tutmeholt, and oars,
along with the above-mentioned spears. Pounds sterling as well
as ** boards sterling*^ were subject to customs; also golden
florins. One " alien,*' or rather alien -bom, importing woad,
paid no custom " because he is an Englishman." Several com-
modities of rare occurrence are found here, such as beginc,
murtica, harpois, and tunneholt.

Lenna

De bonis ADDUcns

Rotulus particularum nove costume domini regis recepte
apud Lennam per manus Johannis de Thomegg' et Willelmi de

Whetacre coUectorum eiusdem custume ibidem de pannis cera
vinis ac aEis bonis et mercimoniis mercatorum extraneonim et
alienigenarum ibidem adductis a festo Sancti Michaelis anno
regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edward! decimo octavo usque
idem festum anno révolu to. ^
Navis Hermanni Rode intravit iii die Octobris

Idem Hermannus pro xlviii quarteriis siliginis vaL £vi

[cust,] xviii d.
* MS.. R. O., K. R. Customs, 93/22.

I
1

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

375

Idem Hermannus pro wi dacris pelEum caprmarum val xx s,

[oist] iii d.
Idem Hennannus pro xîi barellis rosine val. xx s.

[cust.J iii d.
Bercelot' Estxensius pro iiii" quarteriis siliginis vaL £xii

[cust.] m s.
Navîs Petri Octen întra\ât viî die Octobris

Idem Petrus pro c bordis estreiis[iisl val xii s. [axst] ii d.
Idem Petras pro uno dolio vtni [cust. u s.

Alfridos Estrensius pro xxxi barellis calibîs val £lxii

[cust.] XV s. vi dp
Navis Willelmi fiUi Elone întra\ît viî die Octobris
Idem Willelmus pro 1 quarteriis ordei val £vi

[custj xviii d.
Idem Willelmus pro cepis et alleis val be s. [cust.] ix d.

Navis Petri fiUi Mathei iiitra\it \iii die Octobris

Idem Petms pro dngnisC?) et bîttors val c s. [cust J xv d.
Idem Petrus pro ii lastis molanim manualium val xxs.

[cust.] iii d.
Idem Petrus pro c bordîs estrensîis val î mr. [cust-] îî d,
Navis Petri Buk' întravit x die Octobris
Idem Petrus pro cepîs et alleis val £vii x s,

[cust.] xxîîd. ob.
Idem Petrus pro iîii quarteriis avefie val di. mr.

[cust,] i d.
Navîs Joiiannis Clambergh' întravit x die Octobris, Blakeneye
Idem Johannes pro xxvi^ bordis estrensîis val. £xv

[cust.] ill s. ix d.
Idem Johannes pro xvu barellis cinerum val £iiii

[cust.] xiî d.
Lutekîn le Wise pro vîi quintalKs et di. cere

[cust] ™ s. vi d,
Navis Johannis Colyn întravit x die Octobris
Idem Johannes pro I barellis cinerum val Ixxv s.

[cust.] xi d. q.
Idem Johann^ pro xv barelEs résine val xx s, [cust.] iii d.
Idem Johannes pro cepis et alleis val £vi [cust.] x\âii d.

376 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Navîs Willelmi filii Simonis întravit xiî die Octobris
Idem Willelmus pro cepis et alleis val. £x [cust] ii s. vi d.
Idem Willelmus pro ordeo in barellis val. xxx s.

[cust.] iiii d. ob.
Idem Willelmus pro ferro val. xl s. [cust.] vi d.

Navis Jacobi de la Watermilne intravit xii die Octobris
Idem Jacobus pro pice et résina val. £iiii [cust] xii d.

Idem Jacobus pro vii barellis sturgoniun val. £xiiii

[cust.] iii s. vi d.
Johannes Morer pro cepis et alleis val. xxx s.

[cust.] iiii d. ob.
Henricus Bast' pro xxx barellis résine val. £iiii [cust.] xii d.
Petrus Sot' pro cepis et alleis val. xv s. [cust.] ii d. q.

Lutekyn Flandr' pro boUes val. x s. [cust] i d. ob.

Navis Folcardi de Frise intravit xii die Octobris
Idem Folcardus pro Ix barellis dnerum val. £vi

[cust.] xviii d.
Idem Folcardus pro iiii*^ bordis estrensiis val. xl s.

[cust.] vi d.
Navis Vtre filii Johannis intravit xiiii die Octobris
Johannes Lebard pro una lasta coriorum val. £xx

[cust.] V s.
Alexander de Maar pro quinque dacris coriorum val. es.

[cust] XV d.
Colinus Cronard pro x dacris corionun val. £x

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
Navis Johannis Corte intravit xv die Octobris
Idem Johannes pro Ix*^ bordis estrensiis val. £xxx

[cust.] vii s. vi d.
Idem Johannes pro iiii^ de righolt' val. £iiii [cust.] xii d.
Idem Johannes pro ix**x barellis cinenun val. £xix

[cust] iiii s. ix d.
Idem Johannes pro pice et résina val. Ix s. [cust.] ix d.

Navis Michaelis Foul intravit xvi die Octobris

Godescalkus de Crane pro xii barellis calibis val. £iiii"ii

[cust.] XX s. vi d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

Z77

Navis Petri Dappelere intra vit xvi die Octobris

Idem Petms pro cepis et alleis val £vî [cust.] xviiî d.

Navis Beydini Deuel intravit ii die Novembris

Idem Beydinus pro [ ] £x sterlingorum [cust,] ii s. vi d.

Na^'is Bartholomei Babbard intravit v die Novembris

Idem Bartholomeus pro xlv barellis cinemm val. £iiii xs.

[cust,] xiii d. ob.
Idem Bartholomeus pro iii lastis résine val. Ixx s.

[cust] xd. ob.
Idem Bartholomeus pro ccc bordis estrensiis vaL xxxvis.

[cust] V d. ob.
Idem Bartholomeus pro x wayes saiis vaL c s. [cust.] xv d.
Idem Bartholomeus pro cepis et alleis val. xxxvi s.

[cust.) V d. ob.
Navis Vtre Steresman intravit vi die Novembris

Idem Vtre pro florenis aureis val £xvii [cust] iiii s, iii d,
Navis Johannis filii Amaldi intravit xx die Novembris
Idem Johannes pro cccc bordis estrensiis vaL 1 s.

[cust.) v\\ d, ok
Idem Johannes pro cepis et alleis val Ix s. [cust.] ix d.

Idem Johannes pro résina val. Ixx s. [cust.] x d. ob.

Navis Lauren til filii Coppini intravit xx die Novembris

Idem Lauren tins pro 1 barellis cinerum val. be s. [cust.j ix d.
Idem Laurentius pro una waye salis val. x s. [cust,] i d. ob.
Andreas de Geler pro lana capellarum val. £xxxvi

[cust.] ix s.
Navis Eborardî de LudefFeld intravit xx die Decembris

Godescalkus de Dome pro xxvii quintaliis et îi quarterîis
[cere] [cust.] xxvii s. \î d.

Idem Godescalkus pro griseo opère val. £vii

fcust.] xxî d.
Euerardus Pape pro xxii quintaliis et ii quarteriîs cere

[cust] .xxii s. vi d,
Ercermer' de Dewest pro xii quintaliis et ii quartcriis cere

[cust.) xii s. vî d,
Euerardus de Ludeffeld pro griseo opère val. £ix

[cust.] ii s. iii d.

378

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

[cust.] H s. iii d.

Idem Euerardus pro sale val £ix
Tidemaimus Sapbui pro sale val. £3diîî x s.

[cust.] îii s. \ii d, ob*
Idem Tidemaimus pro iiii barelHs sturgonum val. £ix

{cust] ii s. iii d.
Idem Tydemannus pro v quintallis cere [cust.] v s.

Tidemaimus Gustron pro iiii barellis sturgonum v^aL £ix

[cust.] ÎÎ s. ÎÎÎ d*
Navis Vtre Tak' întravît xxi die Decembris
Vtre de Brele pro vi doliis salis val. xlvii s, [cust J vii d.

Idem Vtre pro ii treies ordei vaL x s. [cust.] i d. ob.

Idem Vtre pro c cordis ceporum val. xv s.

[cust.] ÎÎ d. q.
Na\îs Willardi Garsin intravit xxi die Decembris
Idem Willard pro cepis et alleis val. lu s.

[cust.] vii d. ob. q.
Idem Willard pro una hegina * [cust,] vii d.

Idem Willard pro £x\îi sterlingorum [cust.] iiii s. iii d.

Johamies Ricbing' pro ii beginis ' [cust.] xii d.

Navis Jacobi de Merlond intravit xiii die Januarii
Idem Jacobus pro dlece et bordis val £xv

[cust.] iii s. ix d.
Navis Gilbert! Lemnosson' intravit xiii die Januarii
Idem Gilbertus pro c quarteriis mené val. £xii

[cust.] iii s.

Idem Gilbertus pro ordeo et sale val, ex s. [cust.] xvi d. ob.

Navis Simonis filii Willelmi intravit xiii die Januarii

Idem Simon pro sale val £viiî [cust.] ii s.

Idem Simon pro avena val. £viii [cust.] ii s.

Idem Simon pro sale val xx s. [cust.] iii d.

Navis Gerek^Ti de Axle intravit xiiii die Januarii

Idem Gerekyn pro Ixxii quarteriis avene val £iiii x s.

fcust.] xiii d. ob.
Idem Gerkyn pro £vi sterlingorum [cust.] xviii d,

Na\ds Egidii filii Petri intravit xx die Januarii

Idem Egidius pro xx quarteriis avene val xl s. [exist.] vi d.
* Fannus h written m the nmrgiD.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

Idem Egîdius pro ii begines ^

Idem Egidius pro cepis et alleis val. £iiii

Beydinus Sath' pro iii begines *

379

[cust.] xii d.
[cust.] xii d,
[cMSt.] xviîi d.
Navis Johaimis de Osbrigg' intravit xxv die Januarii

Idem Johannes pro 1 lastis allecis val. £c [cust.] xxv s.
Idem Johamies pro una dacra corionim val. xx s.

[aist] iii d.
Navis Bernard! Dathehech' intravit xxvi die Januarii
Idem Bemardus pro xl lastis alleds val. £iiii**

[cust,] XX s.
Idem Bemardus pro viii coriis bovuu|m] val. xx s.

[cust] iii d.
Navis Johamiis Murion intravit xxvi die Januarii

Idem Johannes pro iiii** lastis allecis vaL £clx [cust.] xl s.
Idem Johannes pro vi coriis bovuu[ml val i mr. [custj ii d.
Navis Albrich' Rynat intra\it xxvi die Januarii

Idem Albrich* pro cepis et alleis val £vii [cust,] xxi d.

Navis Johannis de Stetyn intra\ît xx\^ii die Januarii

Idem Johannes pro xl lastis allecis val. £iiii" [cust.] xx s.
Navis Petri filii Mathei intravit ultimo die Januarii
Idem Petnis pro bordis estrensiis vaL xxiiii s.

[cust] iii d. ob. q.
Idem Petnis pro viii^ de stocfich* val. Ix s. [cust.] ix d.

Idem Petms pro alleis et muruca vaL 1 s. [cust,] vii d. ob.
Idem Petnis pro ferro de osmund vaL xii s. [cust.] ii d.

Martine filius Willelmi pro allece val. xl s. [cust] vi d.

Navis Willelmi Fangeyn intravit ultimo die Januarii
Idem Willelmus pro xvi lastis allecis val. £xxxii

[cust] viii s.
Reginaldus de Ansle pro x lastis alleds val. £xx [cust.] v s.
Wamekhius Rade pro viii lastis allecis vaL £x\i [cust.] iiii s.
Lambrith' Croppling' pro viii lastis allecis val. £xvi

[cust] iiii s.
Tidemannus Hasard pro viii lastis allecis val. £x\i

[cust.] iiii s.
Hugo de Rigges pro iiu lastis alleds val. £viii [cust.] ii s.

^ P annus is writ Un in tbc maigm.

38o

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Marmar[ii] dicte navis pro ix lastis allecîs vaL £xviu

[cust.] iiii s. vi d.
Tidemaniius Fanthefund pro viii falconibus val. £iiîi

[cust.] »1 d.
Idem Tydemaimus pro ii dacris coriorum vaL xl s.

[custj vi d.
Navis Henrid de Ansle intravit iiii die Februarii

Idem Henriois pro una lasta allecis vaL xl s, [cust] vid.
Oton Chore pro xii lastis allecis vaL £xxiiii [cust.] vi s.

Idem Octoû pro una dacra coriorum val. xx s, [oust.] iii d-
Gutbrond de Norwagia pro iiii lastis allecis vah £vtii

[cust,] ii s.
Iwar de Norwagia pro v lastis alleds val. £x

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
Lutek>'B Heynce pro iii lastis alleds val. £vi

[cust.] xviii d.
Idem Lutekyn pro ccc de stocficJi' vaL Ix s. [cust.] ix d.

Idem LutekjTQ pro xii timbriis grisei opens vaL xxxvis.

[cust] v d, ob.
Thore de Tunosbergh' pro iii lastis alleds val. £vi

[cust.] xviii d.

Cleyes de Hosen pro vi lastis alleds val. £xii [cust.) iii s.

Tidemannus fan Actachem' pro xvi timbriis grisei operis val.

£iiu [cust.] xiid.

Idem Tidemannus pro vi dacris pellium caprinarum val.

1 s, [cust.] vii d. ob.

Petrus le Smarte pro v lastis alleds vaL £x [cust.] ii s. vi d.

Spyker de Norwagia pro ii lastis allecis val £iiii [cust.] xii d.

Navis Frise fan Stath' intravit v die Februarii

Alfridus de Rouele pro Ix lastis allecis val. £c xx

[cust] XXX s.

Idem Alfridus pro una dacra et di. coriorum val. xscxs.

[cust] iiii d. ob.
Navis Henrici Couse intravit v die Februarii
Idem Henricus pro xxxv lastis aUeds val. £lxx

[cust.] xvii s. VÎ d.
Idem Henricus pro iii dacris coriorum val. Ix s, [cust.] ix d.

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

381

Navis Saris de Wissele intra vit vîii die Febniarii

Idem Saris pro xxvi"^ tingnorum val. £xm [cust,) iii s, iii d.
Idem Saris pro xii*^ bordis de sappo val. Ix s. [cust.] ix d.
Idem Saris pro xx mensis val. x s. [cust.] id. ob.

Godek)^ Lomyng* pro x dacris pellium vaL £vî

[cust.] xviH d.
Idem Godekyn pro viii dacris et dî. coriorum vaL £viii

[cust] ii s.
Idem Godekyn pro v lastis de whetesston' val. be s.

[oist,] ix d.
Johamies Swolle pro xvii barellis résine val, xxxmi s.

[cust] V d.
Navis Willelmi EUing' intra vit x die Febmarii

Idem Willelmus pro alleis val. xxxiiii s, [cust.] v d.

Idem Willelmus pro xxiiii copulis fructuum val. £ix x s.

[cust] ii s. iiii d. ob.
Idem Willelmus pro ii quarteriis et di. frumenti val. xviii s.

[cust.] ii d. ob. q,
Navis luonis de Merlond intravit xii die Febmarii

Idem luo pro x lastis alleds sori vaL £x [cust.] ii s. vi d.
Idem luo pro uno doUo et una pipa vini de Rino

[cust.] iii s.
Idem luo pro 1 quarteriis ordei val. £vîî [cust.] xxi d.

Idem luo pro cccc bordis estrensiis val. iiii mr.

[cust.] viii d.
Navis Jacobi de Home xii die Febmarii

Tydemamius Abbar pro Hi lastis allecis val. £c iiii

[cust.] XXVÎ s.

Navis Petri MabiUie intravit xiii die Februarii
Willelmus de Josse pro muruca salsata val. £iiii

[cust.] xii d.
Idem Willelmus pro fmctu et cepis val i nor. [cust,] ii d*

Navis Petri Appelere intravit xiii die Febmarii
Idem Petms pro cccc aUearum val £vi [cust.] xviii d.

Idem Petms pro cepîs val. î mr. [cust.] ii d.

Idem Petms pro iii begines * [cust.] xviii d.

^ Pannus is wriUcn in the nmrgin.

382

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis Bolderesson* intravit primo die Marcîi

Idem Henricus pro viii*^ bordis estrensiis val £uu xs,

[cust J xiii d, ob.
Idem Henricus pro îî quîntaUis cere [cust,] ii s.

Idem Henricus pro xxx permis baconis val. Ix s. (cust j ix d
Idem Henricus pro Ix quarteriis siUginis val £xiî [cust] iiî s.
Idem Henricus pro vîî timbriis de strenling' val xxx s.

[custj iiii d. ob.
Idem Henricus pro xii" de slabhes val £xvî [cust] iiii s.

Navis Littl(?) Godekyn intravit primo die Marcii

Bemardus Bulder pro xxx\™ lastis allecis val £lxxvi

[cust.] xii s.
Navis Dictemer' Hailing* intraWt primo die Marcii
Idem Dictemere pro Ixi lastis allecis val £c xxii

[cust.] XXX s. vi d.
Idem Dictemere pro v dacris coriorum val Ix s, [cust,] k d.
Navis Henrid de Cryt intra\ît primo die Marcii

Idem Henricus pro alleis et cepis val £vi [cust.] xviii d.
Idem Henricus pro ordeo val xvu s. [cust] ii d, ob,

Navis Simonis filii Petri intravit xii die ApriKs
Idem Simon pro xl quarteriis ordei val £vii x s.

[cust] xxii d. ob.

Idem Simon pro cepis et alleis val di, mr. [custj i d.

Idem Simon pro sale val dî. mr. [cust.] i d.

Idem Simon pro rends val i mr. [cust] ii d.

Navis Johannis le Rike intravit xv die Aprilis

Idem Johannes pro x bacconibus vaL 1 s. [cust] vîî d. ob.
Idem Johannes pro uno velo veteri vaL xiii s. [cust] îî d.
Johannes Busk' pro vîiî*^ bordis val. £x x s.

[cust.] ii s. vîî d. ob.
Idem Johannes pro M de slabbes val. £xxix

[cust.] vii s. iii d.
Idem Johannes pro xiiiî quarteriis fabarum val xlvi s. viii d,

[cust.] v4i d.
Navis Vtre Stereman intravit xxvî die Aprilis
Hugo de Durdrich* pro Ix quarteriis frumenti val £xxi

[cust.] V s, iii d.

I
I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

383

Idem Hugo pro iiii" quarteriis ordei val. £viii [custj u s.
Idem Hugo pro xl quarteriis fabanim val, Ix s. [cust.] ix d.
Idem Hugo pro v" ferri de Ispannîa val c s. [cust.] xv d.
Idem Hugo pro v doliis vini de Ryno [cust.] x s*

Idem Hugo pro ii doliis vini de Rino [cust] iiii s*

Navis de Norwagia intravit xxvi die Aprilis
Lutekyn de Tunesbergh' pro vi lastis allecis val. £x

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
Idem Lutekyn pro vi** barellis de litemose val. £xx

[custj v s.
Idem LutekjTi pro i las ta vi dacris coriorum val. £xxvi

Icust,] vi s. vi d.

Idem LotekjTi pro xxviii dacris pellium caprinarum val. £x

X s. [cust] ii s. vii d. ob.

Idem Lutekyn pro viii^ de clipping' val £vii [cust.| xxi d*

Idem Lutekyn pro c de lenges et stocfich* val. i mr.

[cust.] ii d.
Idem Lutekyn pro xv timbriis de strenling* val, Ix s.

[cust] ix d.
Navis Petri Sot* intravit ii die Mali
Bartholomeus le Mohner pro uno fardello canabi val £xii

[cust] iii s,
Navis Stereman le Yougge intravit ii die Maii
Idem Stereman pro viii bacconibus val. xl s. [cust.] vi d*
Idem Stereman pro viii quarteriis siliginis val xxxvis.

[cust] V d. ob,
Lutek>Ti le Wyse pro bodi quarteriis siliginis val. £xvi

[cust.] iiii s.
Navis Gisbord Bocking' intravit iiii die Maii
Tidemannus Knyore pro xxiii barellis calibis val. £l

[cust.] xii s. vi d.
Idem Tidemannus pro una pipa vini de Rino [cust.] xii d.
Idem Tidemannus pro di. lasta résine vaL xx s. [cust] iii d.
Navis Petri fiHi Mathei intravit iiii die Maii

Idem Petrus pro xv wayes salis val. £x [cust.] ii s. vi d.
Idem Petrus pro xxx quarteriis ordei val. £iiii x s.

[cust.] xili d. ob.

384

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Idem Petrus pro xxviii quarteriis avene vaL 1 s.

[cust,] vii d, ob.
Idem Petrus pro xvîî^ de stocfich' val. £iiii [cust.] xii d.

Idem Petms pro xii quarteriis sîlîginjs val. Ix s. [cust.] îx d.
Idem Petrus pro xv garbis allearum vaL v s. [cust.] ob. q.
Idem Petrus pro di. centena canabi val. i mr. [cust,] ii d.
Idem Petrus pro îî barellis munice salsate val. di. mr.

[cust.] Î d.
Navis Jacobi de Herdenwyk* intravit vi die Maîî
Idem Jacobus pro x3cx\t quarteriis f rumen ti val £xii

[cust.] iii s.
Idem Jacobus pro iiii quarteriis ordei val. viii s. [cust,] i d,
Navis Hemid filii Vtre intra\it xii die Mail

Salaman de Brele pro iiii wayes salis vaL 1 s. [cust,J vii d. oK
Idem Salaman pro \u quarteriis ordei val. xxviii s«

[cust,] iiii d, q.
Navis Johannis filii Cleyes intravit xii die Mail
Gerardus Wachin pro v bard [is] canabi vaL £lxx

[cust.] xvn s. x\ d.
Navis Vtre Scot' intravit xii die Maii

Gerardus de Rennches pro iiii fardellis canabi val. £xxxi

[cust-l vii s. ix d.
Tidemannus de Gustron pro canabo val. c s. [cust.] xv d.
Navis Willelmi Elling' xiiî die Maii

Johannes Vtbrith tesson' pro v doliis vîni de Rino [cust.] x s.
Idem Johannes pro viii barellis calibis vaL £xii [cust.] iii s.
Idem Johannes pro Ixx quarteriis frumenti vaL £xiii

[cust.] iii s. iii d.
Idem Johannes pro xxxiiii quarteriis mixtilionis val. £iiii

[cust,] xii d.
Tidemannus de Gustron pro rouihskyn val. xxx s.

[cust.] iiii d. ob,
Marinar[ii] dicte na\îs pro ordeo val, i mr. [cust.] ii d*

Navis Johannis Bancard intravit xiii die Maii
Wamerus de Affle pro vi fardelhs canabi val. £xxxv

[cust.] viii s. ix d.
Idem Wamerus pro 1 panms sine grano [cust.] I s.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303 385

Navis Dktemere Haler intra vit xv die Mail

Idem Dictemere pro iii treis siJiginis val. xx s. [cost.] iii d.
Radulfus Estrensius pro iiii'^ treies siliginis val, £xxxii

[cust.] viii s.
Amaldus Gisler' pro iiif" treies siliginis val £xxxii

[ciist.] viii s.
Wamekinus Trundetouf ' pro iiii*^ [treis] siliginis vaL £xxxii

[cust.] viii s.
Johannes Wyteburg' pro xxx treies siliginis val. £xii

[custj iii s.
Navis Om Desting' intra\it xx die Mail

Idem Om pro xF tingnorum val. £xx [cust.] v s.

Idem Om pro centum centenis bordorum vaL £xxv

[cust.] vi s. iii d*
Idem Om pro una dacra coriorum vaL xx s. [cust.] iii d.
Idem Orn pro iiii duodenis plancamm vaL i mr, [cust.] ii d,
Navis Simonis filii Petri intravit xx die Maii
Idem Simon pro xx quarteriis frumend vaL £vi

[cust.] xviii d.
Idem Simon pro xl quarteriis ordei vaL c s. [oist.] xv d.
Idem Simon pro c quarteriis avene vaL £x

[cust.] ii s. vi d.
Idem Simon pro una centena canabi vaL xxx s.

[cust.] iiii d. ob.
Idem Simon pro ii barellis picis val. vi s. [cust.] i d.

Idem Simon [pro} vi barellis reisine val. xii s. [cust.] ii d.
Navis Johanuis Fanthefelde intravit xxi die Maii

Godescalkus famulus Alf pro vi barellis calibis vaL £xvi

[cust.] iiii s.
Navis Jacobi de Wilsom intravit xxii die Maii
Idem Jacobus pro xxx barellis cinenim val. £iiii

[cust.] xiid.
Idem Jacobus pro etc bordis estrensiis val. xx s, [cust.] iii d.
Idem Jacobus pro siligine val. £iiii^ [cust.] xx s.

Godescalkus de Dome pro heydokes vaL £xx [cust.] v s.

Tidemannus Morion pro heidokes val. xxxi s.

[cust.] iiii d* ob. q.

386

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis Henrid de Hamburg' intravît xxii die Maii
Hermannos de B runes wyk* pro xiiii*^ de slabb[îs] val. £uiï
X s, [cust.] ïiiî d. ob.

Idem Hermaimus pro ce de cupro val. xl s. [cust J vi d,

Idem Hermannus pro xii barellîs de coperose vaL ks.

[cust J îx d.
Idem Hermannus pro pelvibus val. £xx [cust,] v s.

Idem Hennamius pro ccc bordis vaL xxxvî s,

[cust.] V d. ob.
Idem Hermamius pro wSF de tuimeholt' val. x s.

[cust.) id. ob.
Navîs Johanms de Osbrigg' intravît xxvi die Maîî
Idem Johannes pro ccc quarteriis siliginîs val. £liiii

fcust.] xiiî s. vi d.
Navis Petri fiUi Amaldi intravit primo die Junii
Egîdius del Anneyes pro xu doliis wayde val. nichil quia

Anglicus
Predictus Petrus pro vîii barellis cinerum vaL xxx s.

[cust.] iiii d. ob.
Johannes Brom pro iîi doliis wayde val. £xv

[cusL] iii s. ix d.
Idem predictus Petrus pro siligine et ordeo val. xx s.

[cust.] iii d.
Na\îs Nicholai de Monse intravit primo die Junii
Idem Nicholaus pro litemose et harpois val. xxxvi s.

[cust.] v d. ob.
Idem Nicholaus pro F tingnorum val. £xl [cust] x s.

Idem Nicholaus pro iii dacris corionim val. £iiii

[cust.) xii d.
Navis Eborardi de Ludeffeld intravit x die Junii
Reynekinus de Colonia pro xii doliis vini de Rino

[cust.] xxiiii s.
Idem Reynekynus pro îi fardellis gladîorum val. £ix xs.

[cust.] ii s. iiii d. ob.
Wolfardus de Wisus pro xxxix barellis calibis val. £cxvii

[cust.] xxix s. iii d,

NEW CUSTOM OP 1303

387

Marinar[ii] eiusdem navis pro ii lastis et di, mellis vaL xxxv s.

[cust.] V d, q,
Edem marinarîî pro v barellis de lîtemose val xv s.

[cust.] ii d, q.
Navis Scalandrii de Norwagia intravit x die Jimii
Idem Scalandrius pro vwi^ bordis de sappo vaL £viii

[cust.l ii s.
Idem Scalandrius pro dI5 de spires vaL di, mr, [cust.] i d.
Willelmus de Bauseye pro dc bordis val c s. [oust.] xv d.
Idem Willelmus pro iHi dacris pelUum caprinamm vah i mr,

[cust.] lid.
Idem Willelmus pro v barellis de code val, xx s, [cust,] iii d.
Idem Willelmus pro v coriis vaccinis val, di, mr, [cust,] i d.
Navis Johamiis Corpere intra\it xii die Junii
Alfridus Estrensius pro xxxvi barellis calibis vaL £iiii^x

[cust.] xxii s. vi d,
Navis Gilberti de Suthfen intravit xiii die Junii

Idem Gilbertus pro xxxvi moUs vaL £xxxii [cust.] viii s.
Idem Gilbertus pro ix lastis molarum manuaUttm vaL £vii

jcust.] xxid.
Navis dementis de Thoîrendeyn intrâ\it primo die Juliî
Idem Clemens pro Ivi*^ bordis vaL £xlv [cust.] xi s. iii d.
Idem Clemens pro v lastis sulphuris vaL £xix x s,

[cust.] iiii s, X d. ob.
Idem Clemens pro Ixx bollis olei vaL £xiiii

[cust] iii s. vid.
Idem Clemens pro mensis vaL Ix s. [cust.] ix d.

Idem Clemens pro viii pellibus de eligh' val. £x

[cust.J ii s, vi d.
Idem Clemens pro v dacris pellium caprinorum [sic] val. xl s,

[cust.] vi d.
Idem Clemens pro iiii dacris coriorum vaL bcx s.

[cust.] X d. ob.
Idem Clemens pro xx*^ de stocfich' et cropUiig' vaL £xilii

[cust] iii s, vi d.
Navis Boydini Hulyn intravit iii die JuEi
Idem Boydinus pro allece val. xx s. [cust.] iii d.

388

TEE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

Navis Henrici Child intravit mi die Julii
Idem Henrkus pro xJvii doUîs cinerum val. £xîiiî

[cust.J ÎÎÎ s. vi d.
Idem Henricus pro xxy'f de slabbes val, £viii

[cust.] ii s.

[cust,] vi d,

[cost,] iii d.

[cust,] ii d

Idem Henricus pro cc remorum [sic] val. xl s.
Idem Henricus pro iiii*^ algearum val. xx s.
Idem Henricus pro c et di. de scopes val. i mr.
Navis Andrée de Ryne intravit v die Julii
Idem Andreas pro vi'" quarteriis siliginis

val. £xxiiii
[cust.] vi s.

Navis Johamiis Hansman intravit x die Julii

Johannes de Hemenrik* pro 1 molis val. £xxxiii

[cust.] viii s. iii d.

Idem Johannes pro ii lastis molarum manualium vaL î mr,

[cust.] ii d.
Navis Johannis Driebrod intravit xx die Julii

Idem Johaimes pro una lasta alleds val. xx s. [cust.] iii d.
Navis Coppini Auerday intravit xx die Julii

Tidemannus Saphur pro iiii** quarteriis siliginis val. £xzii

[cust,] v s. vi d,
Navis Johannis de Burdens intravit xx die Julii

Idem Johannes pro vi lastis allecis val. £vi [cust.] xviii d.
Navis Om Hest' întra\ît xxv die Julii

Idem Om pro xvii*^ et di. tingnorum vaL £xii [cust.] iii s.

Idem Om pro xx spir[es] val. x s. [cust.] i d. ob.

Idem Om pro una dacra et di. coriorum val. ii mr,

[cust.] iiii d*

Idem Ora pro litemose val. xx s. [cust.] iii d.

Navis Egidii Scarmard intraWt xxv die Julii

Idem Egidius pro allece val. £iiii [cust.] xii d.

Navis Johamiis de Hamburg' intravit xxv die Julii

Idem Johannes pro ordeo et fnmiento val. c s. [cust,] xv d.
Navis Nicholai de Fakenham intra\it ii die Augusti

Henricus Gustron pro xxiii quintallis cere [cust.] xxiii s.

Idem Henricus pro griseo opere val. £x [cust.] ii s. vi d.

Gerekyn fan Hale pro xxvii quintallis cere [cust.] xxvii s.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303 389

Idem Gerekyn pro ii barellis opens vaL £xxv

[cust.] vi s. îiî d,

HanekjTi Bischop' pro rothskyn vaL £vîn [cust,] ii s.

Idem Hanekyn pro una bala de bugge val. Ix s. [cust.] ix d.

Navis Hermamiî Parleniz^ intravit iiii die Augusti

Petnis le Sunarte pro ex quarteriis siliginis val. £xxiiii

[cust,] vi s.
Idem Petnis pro xii barellis résine val, xxx s.

[cust.] îiiî d. ob.
Navis Docyn Barliccun intra\dt iiii die Augusti

Idem Docyn pro iiii'^^ x quarteriis siliginis val. £xiii

[cust.] iii s. iii d.
Idem Docyn pro xxiii barellis cinerum vaL Ix s.

[cust J be d.
Idem Docyn pro iii barellis résine val. x s. [cust.] î d. ob,
Johannes fan Ysen pro xlviii quarteriis sîlîginis val. £xiî

[cust.] iii s.
Idem Johannes pro uno quintallo cere [cust.] xii d.

Idem Johannes pro une barello sturgonum vaL xl s.

[cust.] vi d*
Navîs Gerekyn Cremere intravit v die Aogusd

Idem Gerek>Tî pro vi** quarteriis siliginis vaL £xxx

[cust.] vii s. vi d.
Idem Gerekyn pro xlviii barellis cinerum val, £vî

[cust.] xviii d.
Idem Gerekjm pro xiii^ bordis vaL £vîii x s.

[cust.] ii s. i d, ob.
Idem Gerek3ai pro iiii"" de righolt' vaL £ix [cust.] iî s. iii d.
Idem Gerekyn pro una lasto picis val. xl s. [cust.] vi d.

Navîs Hanecok' de Frisia întra\ît v die Augusti

Thomas le Frison pro lana capellarum vaL £viii [cust.] ii s.
Idem Thomas pro x barellis de litemose val. xxx s,

[cust.] iiii d. ob.

Tidemannus de Wolfagh' pro Doccc quarteriis siliginis vaL

£xxxiiii [cust.] vîii s. vi d,

Navis Johannis Ryke intravit v die Augusd

Lutekyn le Wyse pro siligîne val, £xiï [cust.] iii s.

390

Navîs Johannîs Brasc' intra vit v die Augustî

Idem Johannes pro xii quarteriis fabanim val* aocx s,

[cust] iiiî d. ob.

Idem Johannes pro îîiî^ quarteriis siliginis val, £xii

[cust.] iii s.

Marînarlîi] dicte navis pro sîligiiie val. xx s. Iciist] iiid.

Johannes de OIthorp' pro braseo val. c s. [cust.] xvd.

Navis Thome de Suthfen intravit v die Augustî

Bartholomeus de Suthfen pro molis val. £xx [cust.] vs.

Idem Bartholomeus pro molis manualîbus vaL xx s.

[cust.] iii d
Navis Andrée de Suthfen intravit v die August!

Idem Andreas pro molis val £xviîi [cust.] îiii s. vi i

Idem Andreas pro v doUis vini de Ryno [cust.] r s.

Navîs Johannîs Atteburgh* intravit v dîe Augustî

Andreas de Suthfen pro molis val. £xvi [cust.] iiiî s.

Idem Andreas pro ii doliîs vini de Ryno [cust.] iiii s.

Idem Andreas pro molis manuaUbus val. xxx s.

[cust,] iîii d. ob.

Idem Andreas pro lana capellarum val. £iiiî [cust.] xîî d.
Navis Ludbrith de Ryno intravit v die Augusti

Andreas de Suthfen pro silîgîne val. £x [cust] ii s, vid.

Idem Andreas pro braseo val. xx s. [cust,] lîi d.

Idem Andreas pro molis manualibus vaL xx s. [cust.] iii d.

Idem Andreas pro lana capellarum val. £iiii [cust.] xiid.
Navis Joharmis Albrith' intravit vi die Augusti

Hanekynus Flandrefare pro siligîne val £xxx

[cust,] vil s. vi d.

Idem Hanekynus pro ce bordîs val. xx s, [cust,] iii d.

Navis Ingelbrîth' fro North' intravit vi die Augusti

Petrus le Snuartte pro bordis estrensiîs val, £xii

[cust.] iii s.

Idem Petrus pro remis val. xxx s. [cust.J iîii d. ob.

Idem Petrus pro bolles et scutelhs val. x s. [cust.J î d. ob,

Idem Petrus pro litemose val. î mr. [cust.J ii d.

Idem Petrus pro v barellis sturgonum vaL £x

[cust.] ii s. \i d.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303 391

Navis Cleyes Sturoo intravit vi die August!

Idem Cleyes [pro] rviii" alleds val. Ix s. [cust.] ix d,

Navis Johannis Gaygore mtra\Ht vi die Augusti

Idem Johanoes pro allece vaL c s, [cust.] xv d.

Navis Cleyes Clement intravit x die Augusti

Idem Cleyes pro alJece vaL £iiii [cust J xii d.

Navis Johannis Hened intravit x die Augusti

Idem Johamies pro allece val, £iiii [cust.] xii d,

Navis Johannis de Osbrigg' intravit xii die Augusti

Idem Johannes pro xif*^ quarteriis siliginis val. £xxxiii

[cust. I viii s. iii d.

Idem Johannes pro viii" de bigg' vaL £xv [custj iii s. ix d,
Navis Nicholai de Monse intravit x\^iii die Augusti

Idem Nicholaus pro F tingnorum vaL £xx [cust.] v s.

Idem Nicholaus pro c xl bordis de sappo vaL xx s.

[cust.] iii d.

Idem Nicholaus pro una dacra coriorum vaL i mr.

[cust] ii d.

Idem Nicholaus pro uno spire vaL di. mr. [cust,] i d*

Navîs Bernardi fan Rende intravit xviii die Augusti

Idem Bernardus pro xLx barellis dnerum vaL £vii

[cust.] xxi d.

Freynekyn Bernard pro xxxii barelUs cinerum vaL £viii

[cust] ii s.

Lutekyn le Wyse pro xii^ de slabbes val. Ix s. [cust] ix d.

Idem Lutekyn pro x^ de bordis vaL £iiii [cust] xii d.

Elard Estrensius pro pelUbus angnorum val. c s. [cust.] xv d.

Idem Elard pro griseo opere val £vi x s. [cust.j xix d. ob.
Navis Johannis Tempund intravit xx die Augusti

Idem Johannes pro molis vaL £xii [cust] iii s.

Idem Johannes pro molis manualibus val. xx s. [cust] iii d.
Navis Johannis Frend intra\nit xxiiii die Augusti

Hertewyn Estrensius pro xx barelMs calibis val. £xxx

[cust.] vii s. vi d.
Navis Syworth* de Norwagîa intravit iii die Septembris

Idem Siworth' pro xxxi^ tingnorum vaL £xii x s.

[cust] iii s. i d. ob.

39^

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

[cust.] ii d.

[cust.] \i s.
[cust.] vi s.
[cust.] vi s.
[cust*] iii s.

Idem Siworth* pro c de clipping' val xx s* [cust,] iii d*

Idem Siworth' pro stocfich' val. x s. [cust.] i d, ob.

Na\'is Willelmi Attewold intravit iiii die Septembris
Idem Willelmus pro xxxix*^' bordis vaL £xxv

[cust.] vi s. iii d.
Idem Willelmus pro ii barellis sturgonum vaL £iiii

[cust.] xii d.
Idem Willelnnus pro pisis vaL i mr.
Navis Hugonis Copin intravit x die Septembris
Idem Hugo pro sale minuto ^ val £xxiiii
Thomas filius Cleyes pro avena val £xxiiii
Cleyes Hilling^ pro siligine val. £xxiiu
Hugo filius Cleyes pro aUece albo val. £xu
Amaldus de Herdenwyk' pro siligine val. £xxxii

[cust.] viii s.
Johannes le Rode pro siligine val. £btxii [cust.] xviii s,

Johannes de Herdenwyk' pro siUgîne val. £xl [cust.] x s.
Jacobus de Hufflet' pro allece albo val. £x [cust.] ii s. vi d.
Thomas de Brele pro allece albo val. £xii [cust.] iii s.

Petrus Scult' pro xx^ bordis estrensiis val. £xxiiii

[cust.] vi s.
Cleyes de Euse pro siligine val. £xl [cust.] x s,

Gerardus de Herdenwyk' pro siligine val. £xxxii

[cust] viii s.
Ellmg* de Lippe pro remis val. £xvi [cust.] iiii s.

Herman Peter pro bordis estrensiis vaL £x

[cust] ii s. vid.
Summa mercandisarum £iiii" cclx\d viis. iiiid. inde

custuma £Iiii vi s. vii d.
Summa quintallorum cere c xxviii inde custuma £vi

viii s.
Summa pannorum sine grano 1 pamii et xi begyns et di-
qui beg>Tis faciunt v pannos et di. inde custuma Ivs.
\i d.
Summa doliorum vini xxxiiii inde cust. Ixviii s,

^ The word ''Bîakene>T" precedes this, line in the maigin.

t
I

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

393

§ 38. An account of the new custom on wool, woolfdls^ and hides;
cloth and wax; and wares subject to the poundage; exported
or imported by aliens ^ Chichester^ 28 October, 1323—28
September, IJ24,

Obviously the trade of aliens in this port during the eleven
months was insignificant. Five of the nine merchants were
Spaniards. In reading the phrase ** cera estimata ad," one raises
the question whether the customs valuation or enumeration was
strict, but there is no conclusive evidence to be found in this
document. The use of libra and pondus as synonyms is not often
found in these accounts.

Compotus Galfridi de Ledes et Willelnû de Watergate collec-
tonim nove cutume doraini regis in portu Cicestrie in comitatu
Sussexie de bonis et mercandisis per mercatores ab'enigenos in
regno Anglie adductis vel ab eisdem abductis a xxviii die
Octobris anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi xvn
usque ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens videlicet de
quolibet sacco lane xl d. de quolibet las to coriorum di, mr* de
quibuslibet ccc pellibus lanutis xl d. de incremento ultra anti-
quam custumam et de qualibet scarlets et panno tincto in grano
ii s. de quolibet panno in quo fuerit pars grani intermixta xviii d.
de quolibet panno sine grano xii d, de quolibet quintallo cere
xii d. et de qualibet libra averii ponderis iii d* et de quolibet dolio
vini ii s. per literas domini regis patentes.*

De Johanne de Castro mercatore de Ispannia pro ferro

vendito et appreciato in £xx videlicet de qualibet hT>ra

iii d. [cust.] V s.

De Gilfrido de Ispannia pro ferro vendito et appreciato ad

be s. videlicet de qualibet libra iii d, [cust.j ix d.

De Magistro Johanne de cera estimata ad x quintallos et di,

videlicet de quolibet quintallo xii d, fcust.] x s, vi d.

De Petro de Ispannia pro fructibus appreciatis ad £xxvii

de quolibet pondère iii d. [cust.] vi s* ix d.

De Alberto de Ispannia pro fructibus appreciatis ad £xli de

quolibet pondère iii d. [cust.] x s, iii d.

^ MS., R. O,, K. R. Customs, 32/7.

394

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Henrico de Nauntes pro lampredls appredaUs ad £3Dncvi
de quolibet pondère iii d, [custj ix s.

De Nigeilo de Ispamiia pro pisdbus saisis appreciatis ad
£xxxvu X s. de quolibet pondère iii d.

[cust.] ix s. îiii d. ob.

De Michaele de Vyenne pro quodam equo vendiLo pro £viii

qualîbet libra iii d, [cust.] U s.

Idem de eodem pro bobus venditis pro £ix qualibet libra ut

prius [cust.] îi s. iii d.

Idem de Godenuero Ypping' pro xîî sacds lane videlicet pro

quolibet sacco xl d, ultra antîquam custumam [cust.] xl s,

Summa lanarum xii sacd inde custuma xl s.

[Summa] cere x quintalli di. inde custuma x s. vi d,

Summa valons bononim £c îiîi'^ i x s. inde custuma

xlv s. îiii d. ob.
Summa [totalis] £iiîî xv s. x d, ob.

§ 39, Four accounts of the new custom on goods exported or
imported by aliens^ collected in ports of southwestern
England, beginning jo April, IJ24,

The ports mentioned are Dartmouth, Exeter, Exmouth, Teign-
mouth, and Weymouth. The account has been divided into
sections: (i) wool, woolfells, hides, cloth» and goods subject to
the poundage, 30 April, 1324—14 April, 1325; (2) the same, 15
April, 1325 — 25 May, 1326; (3) wine, 30 April — 28 September,
1324; (4) the same, 27 November, 1324^28 September, 1325.

it)

Compotus Thome Fartheyn et Henrici Louecok* collectorum
custume domini regis in portu Exonie et in singuEs portubus
comitatus Deuonie de bonis et mercandisis alîenîgenarum
adductis seu eductis ibidem videlicet de quolibet sacco lane xl d.
ultra antîquam custumam et de quolibet lasto coriorum dt
marca ultra antiquam custumam et de quibuslibet ccc pellibus*
lanutis xl d. ultra antiquam custumam et de qualibet scarleta et,
panno tincto in grano ii s. et de quolibet panno in quo pars graax
fuerit intermixta x\îii d. et de quolibet panno sine grano xii d, et
de quolibet quintallo cere xii d. et de averio ponderis et omnibus

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

395

aliis mercibus eductis seu adductis iii d, de libra ab ultimo die
Aprilis anno regni Regis Edwardi ûlii Regis Edwardi dedmo
septimo usque festum Sancti Michaelis aano xviii et ab eodem
festo Sancti Michaelis usque xv diem Aprilis proximo sequentem,^

Exemoutha:

Radulphus Courte>Ti adduxit ibidem tercio die Maii anno regni
Regis Edwardi decimo septimo bladum et alia merdmonia ad val.
£xx unde cust. v s.

Petnis le Moner adduxit ibidem vi die Maii anno supradicto
waydam et alia mercimonia ad val. £xx unde cust. v s,

Henricus Gauter adduxit ibidem xiiii die Maii anno supradicto
bladum ad val £xv unde cust. iii s. ix d.

Galfridus Beaunez adduxit ibidem x die Septembris anno regni
Regis Edwardi xviii cepe et allia ad vaL £xi unde cust. ii s. ix d.

Willelmus Arseljm adduxit ibidem xxvii die Septembris anno
supradicto cepe et allia ad val. £xi unde cust. îi s. îx d,

Henricus Salomon adduxit ibidem eodem dîe et anno cepe et
allia ad vaL £viî unde cust. xxi d.

Johannes Pykard adduxit ibidem iiiî die Octobris anno supra-
dicto allia et alla mercîmonia ad vaL £x unde cust. ii s. vî d,
Exemoutha Teynghmoutha de bonis eductis:

Reymundus Manent eduxit a portubus predictis xxv dîe
Augusti anno regni Regis Edw^ardi xviii pannos grisancos et
russetos ad val. £xx\4 unde cust. vi s. vi d.

Willelmus Dyne eduxit a portubus predictis pannos grisancos
et russetos eodem die et anno ad val. £xx unde cust. v s.

Summa totalis Ivî s. ix d.
Dertemoutha:

Willelmus de Seynt Baby adduxit ibidem x dîe Maîî anno
secundo diversa mercîmonia ad vaL £xx unde cust. v S-

Johannes Dam*el adduxit ibidem xiii die Maîi anno supradicto
bladum ad val. £xxî unde cust. v s. iii d,

Robertus de Burdeaux adduxit ibidem v die Augusti aano
supradicto diversa mercîmonia ad vaL £xxîi unde cust. v s, vi d.

* MS., R. O.» K. R. Customs, W7B.

396

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Heniicus le Barbour de Seint Baby adduxit ibidem ix die
Februarii anno supradicto merdmonia ad val, £xxiv iinde

cust. vi s.

De exitibus nove custmne lane et aliarum mercandisarum non
respondent quia nulle f uerunt ibidem lana nee alie mercandise.

(a)

Compotus Thomac Fartheyn et Henricî Louecok' collectoruin
nove custume domini regis in portu Exonie et in singulis lods
comîtatiîs Deuonie de bonis et mercandisis que extranei et
alienigene in comitatu predicto adducent vel educent videlicet
de quolibet sacco lane de incremento ultra antiquam custumam
dL marca de quibuslîbet ccc pellibus lanutis de incremento ultra
antiquam custumam xl d, et de qualibet scarleta et panno tyngto
in grano ii s. de quolibet panno in quo pars grani fuerit intermixta
xviii d. de quolibet panno sine grano xii d, de quolibet qulntallo
cere xii d, et de averio ponderis et omnibus aliis mercibus per
eosdem adductis seu educUs iii d. de libra a xv die Aprilis anno
regni Regis Edwardi xviii usque ad xxvi diem mensis Mail anno
regni eiusdem regis xLx.

Exemoutha. Bona adducta:

Radulfus de Mount alienigena adduxit ibidem xv die Septem-
bris anno xix cepe et allea ad val. £vii unde cust. xxi d,

Bertram de Campeneys alienigena adduxit ibidem xx die
Februarii anno xix waydam ad val. £xxxii unde cust. viii s,

Johannis Soyher* alienigena adduxit ibidem x die Mail anno
predicto waydam ad vaL £xxx unde cust. \ii s. vi d.

Bertram de Campeneys eodem die adduxit ibidem waydam ad
vaL £kx unde cust. x\Ti s. vi d

Martinus de Vermuwe alienigena adduxit ibidem eodem die
fnictum ad vaL £xii unde cust. iii s,

Exemoutha, Bona educta:

Raymundus Manent alienigena iii die Septembris anno xii
eduxit a portu predicto pannos grisancos ad val. £xxx unde

cust. vii s. vi d.

Henricus de Offord' alienigena eodem die eduxit a portu
predicto pannos grisancos ad vaL £xii unde cust. iii s.

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

WDlelmus Dyna alienigena eodem die eduxit a portu predicto
pannos grisancos ad vaL £im'" unde cust. xx s.

Tenghmoutha;

Johannes Pytard alienigena X3 die Febniaro anno xîx adduxit
ibidem cepe et allea ad vaL £ix unde cust. ii s* iii d.

Dertemutha, Bona adducta:

Gerardus Canters alienigena adduxit ibidem x die Septembris
ajino xix di versa mercimonia femun et aUea ad val. £xxx mide

cust. vii s. vid»

Bartholomeus Beryt alienigena x die Februarii anno xix adduxit

• ibidem ferrum et bladum ad vaL £xxxii unde cust. viii s-

* Petrus Seynt Pere vî die Marcii anno xix adduxit ibidem
diversa mercimonia ad val. £L\ unde cust. ii s. iii d.

Bemardus Arcelaunde ultimo die Marcii anno xix adduxit
ibidem ferrum et alia mercimonia ad vaL £xxxiiii unde

»cust. viii s. vi d,
Summa vaL bonorum predicto rum £ccciiii^ vii inde
cust. £iiii xvi s. ix d,
(3)
Compotus predictomm Thome et Henrid coUectorum
custume vini per mercatores alienigenas in pMjrtu de Exemoutha
et in singulis portubus comitatus Deuonie adducti videlicet de
quolibet dolio vini ii s. ab ultimo die Aprilis anno regni Regis
Edwardi xvii usque festum Sancti Michaelis anno xviii.

Willelmus Dyne adduxit in navi que vocatur La Cog Notre
Dame de Exemutha applicante ibidem primo die Maii anno xvii,
XV dolia vini et ii pipas unde cust. xxxii s.

Jacobus le Rous adduxit ibidem eodem die in navi predicta
vi dolia vini unde cust. xii s,

Quos predicti collectores solvenmt Stephano de Ab>Tigdone
per breve domini regis eis directum qui ante festum Pentecostes
etc.

Summa doliorum vini xxi dolia ii pipe inde cust, xliiii s.

Stephanus Peryn adduxit ibidem in navi que vocatur Seynte
Marie Cog de Castre xxiii die Junii anno xviii, xvii dolia vini et ix
pipas unde cust. xliii s.

398

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Reymundus Manenl adduxit ibidem in navi que vocatur La
Cog* Notre Dame de Lym ii die Augusd x dolia i pipam unde

cust. xxi s.

Arnaldus Aurifal et Petms Maygnet adduzenmt in na\^ que
vocatur La Godhyer de Sidemoutha xviii die Julii amio supradicto
XX dolia vim et îiiî pîpas unde cust. xliiiî s*

De exîtibus eiusdem custume a predîcto festo Sancti Michaelîs
usque XV diem Aprilis proximo sequentem non respondent per
breve regis cuius data est xxviii die Novembris anno xviii per
quod rex mandavit dictis Henrico et Thome qucnd ommes denarii
per ipsos receptos de custuma predicta a festo Sancti Alichaelis
predicto una cum aliis rebus si que ad idem officium pertinerent
penes ipsos existentur Ricardo le Seler quern rex per literas suas
patentes assignavit ad custumam predictam in portubus
predictis levandam et colligendam et quod extunc inde in nulle
intromitterent.

Summa doliorum liiii dolia inde cust. c viii s.

Sumxna totalis doliorum vini Ixxv dolia ii pipe inde cust. £vii
xiis. de quibus de custuma xxi dolia ii pipe vini i die Maii
predicto xHiii s. et de custuma liiii dolia vini a predicto i die
usque festum Sancti Michaelis predictum c viii s.

(4)

Particule compoti Ricardi le Seler collectons custume vinorum
in portu Exonie a xxvii die Novembris anno xviii usque festum
Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens a quo festo Jacobus Beauflour
et socii sui habent exitus custume predicte per unum annum
completum pro quod [sic] cert[i]or[ationem ?] inde regi reddunt.

Idem reddunt compotum de xliii s, de custuma xxi doliorum
et i pipe vini de quadam nave vocata La Margare applicante in
portu predicto die Lune proximo ante festum Sancti Michaelis
anno xix.

Antequam libera verunt (?) Jacobo Beauflour Ricardo BlundcH'
et Amaldo de Hispannia pro £mc. Datum xiii die Octobris anno
xix.

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

599

40. An accauni af receipts and expenses of the new custom an
wine imported by aliens ai various poris^ 20 April, 1327 —

28 September, IJ28.

The new custom on wine (nova cusiuma idnorum) here ac-
counted for at the rate of 2 s. per tun was later called '* butler-
age/' * This account covers all the ports in England, though
only nine out of a possible fifteen imported wine.

The nine, in order of their importance, were London, Southamp-
ton, Boston, Bristol, Sandwich, Exeter, Ipswich, Yarmouth, and
Winchelsea, Of the 2>2 ships engaged in the trade, about 57 were
from EngUsh ports, over 20 of the latter being named , Yarmouth
contributing 11 ships, Gosford 5, Sandwich, Ipswich, and Win-
chelsea each 4, and London 3, These are estimates but they
show a surprising fact, that England was supplying even alien
importers of wines with most of their shipping. Although
several accounts contain the names apparently of women traders,
this account presents a clear case, Johanna vxor Admar^ de Lile^
who imported 20 tuns and 3 pipes of wine. Trading by agency
or through servants is illustrated in the case of Peirus GuUlelmus^
vaîeUus Remund ( ?) GuUMmi, who imported 21 tuns and i pipe.
This Peirus seems to have been a commercial journeyman on a
par with the more prominent industrial joume>Tnen. The
account itself, being obviously copied from several local docu-
ments^ not all uniform, is quite irregular, in places omitting the
names of the masters of the ships and in places omitting also the
names of the merchants. The use of both French and Latin
forms of place names is confusing. It is clear from the account
that the new custom on wine had at this time a separate estab-
lishment of its own, with Richard de la Pole, the king's butler,
at the head. From the appended list of expenses, we may infer
the existence of fifteen local establishments or ports, each with
its separate commission, cockets, and oflScials. The wage or
price, for the two words {siipendium and precium) are used inter-
changeably, of these officials varies from 100 s. a year for a eus-
^toms official and his clerk, or clerks, in London, to 40 s. for the
same in Sandwich, Bristol, or Boston.

* Sec above, pp. 45, 258.

400

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Particule compoti Ricardi de la Pole collectoris nove custume
vinorum in portubus Anglîe a xx die Aprilis anno primo Regis
Edwardi Tercii post conquestixm usque festura Sancti Michaelis
anno regni Regis Edwardi eiusdem secundo finiente per unum
annum et di,*

[London*]

Ricardus de Boloyne magister de La Bartholomeu de Sandwyz»
Petrus Camparian mercator 1 dolia. Summa I doUa*

Petrus Blaunk magister de La George de Herwyz, Petrus Bost,
Bertram Barran et Amaldus Drampnoun xl dolia Li pipe, Fort^
Dodinhan xxi dolia i pipa» Summa !xi dolia iii pipe

Willelmus Co tiller magister de La James de Goseford, Johannes
Gardiner et Gaillardus Denluk' bd dolia iiii pipe, Raymundus
Da3a'essan xxxiii dolia, Johannes Ayqm' xxxi dolia iii pipe,
Guillelmus de Burdeux xvii doha ii pipe.

Summa c xlii dolia be pipe

Amys Ydoun magister de La Bonan de Geppewyz, Elyas

Seguyn bcvîi dolia iiii pipe, Maynard de Mortimar xlii dolia ii

pipe, Gaillardus Sedas i dolium. Summa c x dolia \i pipe

Henricus Pache magister de La Bene de Cokestre, Maynard

de Mortimar xxv dolia iiii pipe. Summa xxv dolia iiii pipe

Ricardus Bartholomeus magister de La Katerine de Londonia,

Guillelmus Dencasse xlv dolia iii pipe, Guillelmus Fomer xlii

dolia ii pipe, Johannes del Gut xl dolia vi pipe.

Summa c xxvii dolia xi pipe

Radulphus de North* magister de La Margarete de Saltote,

Willelmus Fousil xxx\dii dolia ii pipe, Petrus de Pere xxxviii

doha iiii pipe, Summa Ixxvi doUa vi pipe

Johannes Petrus magister de La Bonan de Goseford, Petrus

Camparian xlviî doha vii pipe, Elyas Seguyn Iviii dolia vii

pipe. Summa c v doha xiiii pipe

Symon Shoctele magister de La Seint Andreu de Wynchelse,

Petrus Vynhas et Raymundus Cassabel xxxiiii doha xxix pipe,

Bemardus Arros x doha vi pipe. Sunama xliiii dolia xxxv pipe

MS., R. O., K, R. Accounts, 78/31.
■ This account has the fallowing captions: Nomina magistrorum^ naviam,
mercfttoraMi dolia ct pipe vinij in portu Londonic, anno primo.

NEW CUSTOM OF ijoj

4DÎ

Andreas Randolf magister de La Seinte Marie Cok' de Gyp-
pewyz, Johannes de la Tour Ixiîi dolîa iiî pipe, Bertrandus Barrau
xlii dolîa ii pipe» Bartholomeus de Lesbay kiii dolia iii pipe.

Snmma c Ixviii dolia viii pipe

Petrus Seman magister de La KateUne de Fauersham, Petrus
Camparian xii dolîa iiii pipe. Summa xii dolia iiiî pipe

Thomas de la Grene magister de La Nicholas de Clyue, Petrus
Sarlak' xx dolia vi pipe, Guillelmus de Burdeux xx dolia iii
pipe. Summa xl dolia ix pipe

Rogenis Mat' magister de La Godhale de Goseford, Maynard
de Mordmar xlii dolia iii pipe, Domina de Brye Bolore xxi dolîa
il pipe, Johannes de Campaigne xx dolia i pipa, Stephanus de
Bogo3me xxi dolia i pipa, Summa c iiii dolia vii pipe

WLllelmes de Clyue magister de La Blyth' de Sandwyz, Elyas
Seguyn Iiii dolia iii pipe, Bertrand Barrau et Arnald Drampnoun
xl dolîa vi pipe. Summa iiîi'"^ xiîi dolia ix pipe

Wilielmus le Joeuene magister de La Margarete de Gyppeswyz
Petrus Meleryn' xxîiii dolia vii pipe, Maynard Mortymar xx
dolîa XV pipe. Summa xiiiiî dolia xxii pipe

Randulphus Cotel magister de La Margarete de Goseford,
Petrus Camparian xl dolia viiî pipe. Summa xl dolia viii pipe

Amys Ydoun magister de La Bonan de Gyppeswyz, Gerardus
de Buile xxv dolia x pipe. Summa xxv dolia x pipe

Gîlbertus Large magister de La Bonan de Tynemuth\ Bemardus
Mauran xlii dolia v pipe. Summa xlii dolia v pipe

Ricardus Bartholomeus magister de La Seinte Katelyne de
London', Wilielmus Dardeux de la Mare xxiii dolia vî pipe,
Gerardus Berengal x dolîa ii pipe, Amaldus Grymeward xl dolia
viii pipe. Summa Ixxiii dolia xvi pipe

Wilielmus Hen magister de Notre Dame de Shorham, Johanna
vzor Admar' de Lîle xx dolia îîi pipe, Wilielmus Martyn de
Gâscoigne I dolîa xxviî pipe. Summa btx dolia xxx pipe

Ricardus Haukyn magister de La Mariote de Strode, Petrus
Blaunk' Ix dolia xi pipe, Petms Hereward iiii dolîa
I Summa Ixîîîi dolia xi pipe

Johannes Cutel magister de La Kateline de Cokestre, Petrus
Blaunk' iiii doUa. Summa iiii dolia

402

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Willelmus Shene magister de La Blithe de Sandwyz, Arnaud
de Portau be dolia xx pipe, Menandus Descusers [et] B. de la
Tour iii dolia Johannes de la Tour xl doUa xii pipe*

Summa c Hi dolia xx?di pipe

Willelmus Cede magister de La James de Loundres, Guillelmus
de la Mare vii dolia xvi pipe. Summa vii dolia xvi pipe

De La Outre Pape de Flaundres, Arnaud Merlyn de Flaundres
Mal>Ties iii dolia. Summa iii dolia

Summa totalis doliomm et pipanim vini videlicet, ii pipis
computatis pro una dolio, mdcc box dolia i pipa.

Unde custuma £c Ixxvî xix s* probâta

Sandwyz

Johannes Donnyng* magister de La Seynte Marie de Wyn-
chelse, Willelmus de Mossaut xxi dolia, Arnaud Sauser xx dolia.

Summa xli dolia

Robertus Rose magister de La Christofre de Blakenayc,
Willelmus de Mossaut vi dolia, Arnaud Sauser v dolia.

Summa xi dolia

Adam Coppe magister de La Seynt Austyn, Arnaud Sausser rv
dolia. Summa xv dolia

Petrus Bee magister de La Seint Nicholas de Pole» Willelmus
de Montibz xx dolia, Petrus de la Caze xxii dolia, Petrus Bond
xxiiii dolia. Summa Irvâ dolia

Walterus Petrus magister de La Sein te Maria de Tengemue,
Arnaud Joglar xxv dolia, Petrus Grossemayns xvi dolia Petms
de Serlak' xîi dolîa et î pipa, Summa liii doha i pîpa

Ricardus de Roth>T)g' magister de La Seint Bertholomeu de
Sandwj'z Martinus Pers xl dolia. Summa xl dolîa

Johannes Mart>Ti magister de La Seînte Marie de Stenore^
Humfrid de Aquell' xx dolia. Summa xx dolia

Willelmus Pollard magister de La Seint Bertholomeu de
Wynchelse, Willelmus Fernaud xx dolîa, Arnaud de Font Cabrere
xîiî dolia. Summa xxxiii dolîa

Summa totalis doliorum et piparum vini videlicet, îi pipis
computatis pro uno dolio, ce Ixxix dolia i pipa.

Inde custuma £xxvii xix s. probata

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

403

I
I

SUTHAMPTONIA

Wynchelse
De navi Lessebone, Alfons Canis îiîî doUa, Pynot de Bayoim ii

(dolia; Willelmus Chaumpmaret i dolium. Summa vii dolia

Inde custmna xiiii s, probata
xxy

De quadem navi de Ispannîa bcxviï dolia.

De La Seynte Clere de Bayon viî*^ vi dolîa xii pipe.

De navî vocata Seint Franciscois de Bayonne c bmiii dolia.

De La Sainte Marie de Bayonn lix dolia vîi pipe.

De navî vocata Sancta. Maria de Bayonne c xxii dolia xiii pipe.

De La Seint Espîrit de Bayon c xviî dolia v pipe.

De La Mariole de BrigtJingeseye xJvî dolîa x pipe.

Siimme patent

De Navi de le Cogger', Amaldus Perobr et Petnis de la Sudaria
xxxviî dolia, Reymund de Boo xxvi dolia, Petrus GuîUelmus, val-
lettus Remund (?) Guillelmi xxi dolîa i pipa, Petrus Sethîr xvii
dolîa î pipa. Summa c i dolia ii pipe

De navi Johannis Hardy, Johannes Albyan xlvii doKa îi pipe.

Summa xlvii doiia ii pipe

De navi Edward! Amy, Willeknus Bernard de Brynas xxx
dolia iii pipae. Sumnaa xxx dolia îii pipe

De navî Gerardi Guillelmi, Arnaud de Seynt Foy xliîîi dolîa,
Petnis Frezepayn xl dolia. Summa iiii^iiiî dolîa

De navi Ricardî de HolewordCj Alfonso de la Groyn vii dolia
i pipa, Ferandus AUonse x dolia. Summa xviî dolîa î pipa

De navi WUlelmi de la Hume, Petrus Frezepayn iiiî^^v dolîa,
Arnaud de Seynt Foy xxix dolia» Gerardus Garambal xxxi dolîa,

Summa c xlv dolia

De navi Willebni Coyngh', Arnaud de Font Cabrere xlîî dolia
i pipa, Summa xlîi dolîa i pipa

De navi Willebni de Barleyej Petms Johan' de Pejme kî doUa
î pipa. Summa Ixi dolia î pipa

De navî Johannis Passele de Wynchelse, Petrus Frezepayn
Ivi dolîa, Arnaud de Seint Foy xl dolîa, Petrus Johan' xl dolia.
Stephanus Cardonn vi dolia, Johannes de la Vit' iiiî dolîa îiîî
pipe- Summa c Ivî dolîa îiîî pipe

404

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Summa totalis dolionim et pipamm \diii videlicet, ii pipis
computatis pro imo dolio, mcccc liiii dolia i pipa.

Inde custuma £c xlv ix s. probata

EXONIA

De La Petre de Sydmwe, Willelmus de la D>Tie xlvii dolia ii

pipe, Adam de Caleys xx dolia ii pipe, Aquer de Peroon xxi

dolia i pipa, Summa iiii^* \iii dolia v pipe

De La Seint Bertholomeu de Bayonne, Bartholomeus Tercele

XXV dolia, Reginaldus Perole xxiii doEa iiii pipe.

Summa xlviii dolia iiii pipe

De La Seint Bertholomeu de Bayon, Petnis Waxaria xxi dolia

ix pipe, Stephanus Basset xxv dolia î pipa, Dam Mongoun ii

dolia. Summa xlviii dolia x pipe

De La Batel Notre Dame, Bertinus Campanes xxi dolia.

Summa xxi dolia ii pipe
Summa totalis doliorum et piparum vinî, videlicet ii pipis
computatis pro uno dolio, cc xv dolia i pipa.

Inde custuma £xxi xi s. probata

Bristollum

De La Michel de Plymmuth^ xxiii dolia [et] xxii dolia.^

Summa xlv dolia
De La Seint Johan de Melcombe xlv dolia di, [etj xlv dolia di.

Summa iiii" xi dolia
De La Touz Seyntz de Hampton/ xv dolia [et] xxvii doUa et di.

Summa xlii dolia di.
De La Seint Johan de Bristut' xxxii dolia di.

Summa xxxii dolia di.
De La Cog' Seinte Marie de BristolF xviii dolia.

Summa xviH dolia
De La Nichole de Hampton' xxxii dolia di. [etj xliii dolia di.

Summa Ixxv dolia et di.
La Cog' Seinte Marie de Orford Ixvi dolia di.

Summa Ixvi dolia di.

^ N&mes of the merchants are omitted in thU account.

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

405

De La Michel de Tengerou xxxiiii doUa et di, xix dolia [et] ix
doUa. Siimma bdi dolla et di.

De La Michel de Yoghel xl dolia |et] xxvi dolia.

Summa Ixvi dolia
Summa totalis dolionim et piparum vini, videlicet ii pipis
computatis pro i dolio, cccciiii'™ xix dolia di.
1 Inde custuma £xlix xix s. probata

BOTtrLPHtJS

Navîs Ranulphi Cotel vocata La Margareie de Goseford,

Bninettus Carpum xlix dolia i pipa. Summa xHx dolia i pipa

I Navis Thome Seman vocata Le Esmon de Jernemue, Rey-

mundus Amaud xlv dolia i pipa. Summa xlv dolia i pipa

Navis Thome Roberti vocata La Petre de Leime, Reymimdus
del Mercadel xxii dolia i pipa, Bernard del Mercadel xî dolia,
Petnis Paulanarie viii dolia i pipa, Willelmus Ahnan xii dolia,
Willelmus de Leyburn' îiî doUa. Summa Ivi dolia li pipe

Navis Willelmi de Goseford vocata La Nicolas de Jernemue,
Stephanus de Styen xxxvii dolia v pipe, Petrus Meerle xxxvii
dolia V pipe, Reymundus del Mercadel xxii dolia vi pipe-

Suimna iiii'" xvi dolia xv^i pipe

Navis Willelmi Randolf vocata La Petre de Jernemue, Johan-
nes del Mercadel xxix dolia^ Reymundus del Mercadel xxxix dolia
vii pipe, Willelmus Alman xix dolia iu pipe, Johannes Meerle
XXÎX dolia. Summa c xvi dolia x pipe

Navis Thome filii Johannis vocata La Rose de Parua Jernemue
Reymundus Quintin xxxvi dolia, Reymundus del Mercadel xxxvi
dolia, Johannes Meerle xxxvii dolia, Summa c ix dolia

Navis Johannis de Kyrkele vocata Le Esmon de Parua Jerne-
mue Johannes de la Tour bcdiii dolia v pipe, Willelmus Amaud
ii dolia i pipa. Summa Ixxvi dolia vi pipe

Navîs Rogeri le Wayte vocata La Margerete de Jernemue,

Stephanus Alman xxii dolia xiii pipe, Petrus del Mercadel Ivi

[ dolia xi pipe, Summa Ixxviii dolia xxiiiî pipe

Navis Johannis Rokelot vocata La Annotte de Jernemue,
Ricardus de la Byry Iviii dolia xii pipe*

Sunmia Iviii dolia xii pipe

4o6

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis Willelmi de Goseford vocata La Nicolas de Jeraemue,
Beraardus del Mercadel xli dolia xîi pipe, Petrus Quintyn xxxvii
dolia iii pipe, Petrus del Mercadel xxiii dolia ii pipe.

Summa c i dolia xvii pipae
Navis Johannis Bulant vocata La Grace Dieu de Farua
Jememue, Petrus del Mercadel hocv doKa î pipa.

Summa Ixxv dolia i pipa
Navis Robert! de Aldeburgh' vocata La Katerine de Lenne»
Bemardus de la Tour i dolium iiii pipe, Johamies de la Tour Hiî
dolia V pipe, Johamies de Ruefraut vi dolia ii pipe.

Summa Ix doUa xi pipe
Navis Willelmi de la Sole vocata La Fraunceys de Goseford,
Petrus de Camparian xxxviii dolia v pipe, Arnaud Carbonel
3dviii dolia xxiiîi pipe, Reymundus de Parent xli dolia ii pipe.

Summa c xx\^ii dolia xxxi pipe

Navis Rogeri Benet vocata La Rose de Jememue, Petrus del

Mercadel Ivi dolia xiiii pipe. Summa Ivi dolia xiiii pipe

Summa totalis doliorum et piparum vini, videlicet ii pipis

computatis pro uno dolio, iic bcxv dolia probata.

Inde custuma £c xvii x s. probata

GiPPEWYZ

Johannes Pasche magister de La James de Brigtlingesey,
Johannes Shak' de Burdeux xiiii dolia. Summa xiiii dolia

Henricus le Rotoun Magister de La Margerie, Willelmus de
Burdeux xx dolia. Summa xx dolia

Johannes Baddjug' magister de La Welifare de Finche,
Gerardus de Taftes Iv dolia. Summa Iv doUa

Johannes Scot magister de La Scot de Britlingseye, Bartho-
lomeus de Sancto Petro xx dolia. Summa xx dolia

Johannes le Rede magister de quadam na\i de Flandria,
Quidem Scotus xv dolia. Summa x\' doUa

Summa totalis doliorum et piparum vini, videlicet ii pipis
Computatis pro uno dolio, c Uii dolia.

Inde custuma £xv vi s. probata

I
I

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

407

Jernebiue anno PRmo

Johannes Benet magister de La Benedicite de Jememue,
Adam de Norwîcz v dolia. Summa v dolia

Bodyn de Graueing' de navi dicti Bodyn» Edmundus de Seynt
Qiiintyn v dolia. Summa v dolia

Willelmus Etlesse magister de La Petre de Jememue, Arnaud
de Marsau xxrvi dolia, WUlelmus Corb* xv dolia.

Summa li dolia

Sumjna totalis doUorum et piparum vini, videlicet ii pipis
computatis pro i dolio, bd dolia.

Inde custuma £vi ii s. probata

Summa ^ totaHs huius rotuU :

vini v**DC xHii dolia i pipa
custume £d Ixi ix s.

Idem Petro Alloc ^de xxx s. solutis pro xv comissîonîbus sigil-
latis cum magno sigillo cancellarii regis missis ^ diversis personis
ad diversa portus et loca per Angliam pro custuma vinorum
colligenda. Et de vii s. vi d. pro xv brevibus sigillo regis de
canceilario consignatis missis ad portus et loca predicta col-
lectoribus dicte custume pro exitibus eiusdem custume a xx
die Aprilis anno primo per eosdem [exitus] percipiendos prefato
Ricardo solvendis. Et de xxxvîîs. vîd. solutis pro cura* xv
sîgillorum modo coket mîssorum coUectoribus euisdem custume
ad portus et loca predicta pro Uteris consignatis mercatoribus a
quibus custuma capi debeat. Et de vî s. viiî d. solutb Willelmo
Vans de Toppeclif ' pro commissîonîbus et brevibus deferendîs de
Eboraco usque Sanctum Botulphum Lenne Jememue Gip-
pewîcum et Londoniam. Et de ii s. solutis Johanni Tjnichald'
pro consignatis comissîonibus et brevibus deferendis de Eboraco
usque Novum Castrum super Tynam. Et de viiî s. solutis
Thome Hare ex certa commissione secum facta pro consignatis
commissionibus et brevibus deferendis de Eboraco usque Bristol-
lum Briggewater et Exonîam. Et de îîi s. solutis Henrico de
Lîchefeld' pro consignatis commissionibus deferendis de Londonia
usque Sandwîcum et Wynchelse ex certa commissione secum

^ Probata, ' Missor, * Pro fcura.

4o8

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

facta- Et de v s. solutîs Alano Shenk' deferendo consigoata
commissiones et brevîa de Londonîa usque Cicestriam Portes-
mutham et Suthamptomam per certam commîssîonem. Et de
xxîiîî s. solutîs Roberto de Creke pro expensis suis unius equi et
gardonis deferentî sîgîUum pro officîis custume de Londonia
usque Sandwicum Wynchelse Cicestriam Portesmutham Suth-
amptonîam comitatus Somersete [et] Dorsete Exomam et
BristoUujTi eundo morando et redeundo per xxiiii dies predo per
diem xii d. Et de xii s. solutis Ade de Haule pro consignatis
expensis suis unius [equi] et gardonis dîfferentî consîgnatum
sigillum de Londonia usque Gippewîcum Jernemue Lenne et
Sanctum Botholphum eundo morando et redeundo per xii dies
predo per diem xii d. Summa £xiiî xv s, îi d.

Item Petro Alloc' de £xv pro stipendîis duorum custumariomm
et eorum clericonim in portu Londonie a festo Sancti Midiaelis
anno regnî regis nunc primo usque festum Pasche anno regni
regis dusdera tercîo videlicet per unum annum et dîmidîum
precio quolibet eorum per annum c s. Et de £vî pro stipendiis
duorum custumariomm et eorum clericomm apud Sandwîcum
per dictum tempus quolibet eorum predo per annum xl s. Et de
£ix pro stipendîis duorum custumariorum et eonim clericonxm
apud Suthamptonîam per predîctum tempus quolibet predo
per annum xl s. Et de xx s. pro stipendiis îi custumariorum
et l^-—] * comitatus Somersete et Dorsete per dimîdium
annum. Et de £vi pro sripendiis duonim custumariorum et
eorum clericorum în comitatu Deuonie per unum annum et
dimîdium precio quolibet eorum per annum xl s. Et de £vî pro
stipendiis duorum custumariorum et eomm dericormn apud
BristoUum per tempus predictum quolibet eorum precio per
annum xl s. Et de £vi pro stipendiis duorum custumariorum et
eonim clericomm apud Sanctum Botolphum per predictum
tempus precio quolibet eorimi per annum xl s,

Summa £xlix

' The omission of several words here indicates that thia document was copied
fiom another^

An account of the new custom on wool, woolfeUs^ and hides
exported by aliens, Southamplon^ iS December ^ jjjo — /5
March, tjji^

The use of the word *' inCTement " with reference to the new
custom indicates its comparatively recent origin, perhaps some
recollection of the period of its suspension in the previous reign.

During the period covered by this account, almost one quarter of
a yeaFi the new custom on the chief export of England amounted
to only £10 15 s. The total quantity of wool exported was 61
sacks and 24 cloves. One last and 9 hides and 278 woolfells
made up the rest of the exports.

I Nova custuma de incremento lanarum coriorura et peltium
lanutarum recepta per manus Johannis de Vans et Galfridî
Hoghles collectorum eiusdem custume in portu Suthamptonie
a xviii die Decembris anno regni Regis Edwardi Tercii post con-
questum quarto usque xvi diem Marcii proximo sequentum anno
quinto videlicet de quolibet sacco lane xl d. de lasto coriorum
di, rar. de trescentis pellibus lanutis xld. ultra antiquam cus-
tumam.^

In navi Johannis Dodde liberta xxii die Januarii anno regni
Regis Edwardi Tercii post conquestum quarto

Matheus Ran>Ti i saccus xlii cla^i [in] ii sarplaribus incre-

mententum vi s. ob.
Egidius Menyn îîi sacci 1 clavi [in] iiii sarplaribus incremen-

tum xiiis. ii d, ob.
Johannes Cokerel xUiii cla\i lane lin] i sarplari incrementum

ii s. X d.
Jacobus le Queynte i saccus xl clavi [in] ii sarplaribus incre-
mentum V s. X d. ob. q.
Idem Jacobus x dacre viii coria incrementum iii s. vii d, q.
Johamia la Cotiller i saccus xxxviii clavi [in| ii sarplaribus

incrementum v s. ix d. q.
Summa lane x sacci vi clavi.
Summa increment! xxxiii s. ix d.

» More accurately, 18 Dec., 1330— 15 March, 1330-31.
• MS., R. O.. K. R. Cuatoms. 137/1.

4IO

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Summa corionim x dacre vîii coria

Summa încremetiti iii s. vii d. q*

Summa ^ totalis incrementi dicte navîs xxxvii s. iîîî d. q-
In navi Radulfi Blatmche liberata vH die Februarii

Johannes Bongre iii dacre i corium incrementum xii d. ob.

Idem Johamies cxrviii pelles [in] i bondell incrementum
xvii d. q.

Simima corionim patet. Summa incrementi xii d, ob.

Summa pellium patet, Summa increment! x\ii d, q.

Summa ^ totalis incrementi dicte navîs iî s. v d. ob. q.
In navi Henrici Toi liberata primo die Marcîî

Loterinus de Colyne xx sacci xvî clavi [in] Ixxiii pokps]
încrementum Ixvii s, viii d. ob.

Bonecors de Luc* iîii sacci îî clavi [in] xiîiî pok[îs] incre-
mentum xîiî s. V d. ob.

Summa lane xxiiii saccî xviii davî

Summa incrementi dicte navis £iiîî xîîii d.
In navi Ricardi Gondale liberata dicto die

Loterinus de Colina xx sacd xvi clavi [in] bodii pok[is]
încrementum 1xx\tj s. vîii d. ob.

Bonecors de Luc* îîîî sacci xviii clavi finj xv pok[is] Incremen-
tum xiiîîs, \4d.

Summa lane xxiiii sacci xxxîiii clavi

Summa incrementi dicte na\^s £iiii ii s. îi d. ob.
In navi Johannis Cuslac' liberata viii die Marcîî

Johanna Camberlayn i saccus xlii clavi [în] ii sarplaribus
incrementum ^n s, ob.

Loterinus de Coljna xx\iii clavi [in] i pokfa] incrementum
xxi d. ob.

Summa tane ii sacci xviii clavi _

Summa incxementî dicte navis viî s. x d*
In navi Johannis Hoghelyn liberata viii die Marcii

Michael de WMtsand c 1 pelles [în] i sarplari incrementum
XX d.

Summa pellium patet, Summa incrementi dicte navis xx d.

» Probata,

NEW CUSTOM OF 1303

411

In navi Clementis Hucheband liberata dicto die Mardi

Ferminiis de Monstirs vii dacre corionim incrementym

iis. iiii d.
Summa corioruni patet. Summa incrementî dicte navis ii s.
im d.

Summa:
Lanarum bd sacd xxîîiî clavî înde cust £x îiii s. xi d. ob*
Corionim î las ta ix coria inde cust. vi s. xî d. q.
Pellium iF Ixx viii pelles inde cust. iii s. i d. q,
Summa * totalis dictî increment! £x xv s.

§ 42. An account of the neu^ custom of j d. per £ mi general mer-
chandise imported by aliens, Sûuthampton, 18 December,
1330—^5 March, 1331,^
This account well illustrates the trade of a southern English
port, apparently with southern Europe. The imports were
chiefly raw materials, woad, grain, fish, fruit» and Spanish wooL
The finished or partly finished goods were leather, cloth (velum and
linea Itla), thread, and rope. It is noteworthy that the valuation
of woad here made varied from £4 per tun to £6 per tun in the
same shipload.

Nova custuma trium denariorum de libra de rebus appUcan-
tibus in portu ville Suthamptonie tempore Johannis de Vans et
Galfridi Hogheles collectorum eiusdem custume videlicet a
xviii die Decembris anno regnî Regis Edwardi Tercii post con-
questum quarto usque xvi diem Mardi proximo sequentem anno
quinto quo die dominus rex assignavit Hugonem Sampson loco
ipsius Johannis de Vans ad predictam custumam in dicto portu
colligendam et recipîendam,'

In na\î Enygus Hurtys applicata x die Januarii anno quarto
Martinus Pîeres iii balas lane Ispannie pr. xl s. cust, vi d.
Martinus de Tures ix balas cordanim xil balas filadi pr. £li

cust. xii s. ix d.

' Probata.

' More accurately, iS Dec, 13JO — 15 March, 1330-31.

* MS., R. O,, K. R. Customs, 137/5.

412

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Johannes de Mat'aue (?) iii balas basane pr. £uii x s,

cust. xiii d, ob.
Vela adduxit iii balas basane ii balas cordewane pr. £x x s.

cust. u s, vii d. ob.
Johannes Martyn vi niellas vdi di. balam cordewane pr,
£iiii X s. cust. xiii d, ob.

Idem Johannes vi*^ ferri pr. xvi s. cust. ii d. q.
Idem Johoxmes frmium pr. £xxx cust. \ii s, vi d.

Summa ^ precii mercandisiarum predicarum £c iii vi s.
Summa totalis custume dicte navis xxv s. x d.
In navi Clementis Hucheband applicata xxvi die FebniariT
anno quinto

Honurers Damyas xxvi dolia waide pr. £c xxx cust. looài s.

vi d.
Magister navis cepum et bladum pr. xxx s. cust, îîîi d, ob.
Summa precii mercandisiarum predictarum £c xxxi x s.
Summa custume dicte navis xxxii s. x d. ob.
In navi Radulfi Blaunche applicata dicto die Februarii anno
quinto

Petrus Gondbizete conngros ordeum et lineam telam pr,^
£c vi XV s. cust. xxvi s. viii d. ob.

Summa precii mercandisiarum predictarum patet
Summa totalis custume dicte navis xxvi s. viii d. ob.
In navi Johannis le Gros applicata dicto die Februarii
Johannes le Monyr de Cay iiii dolia waide pr. £xviii cust,

iiii s. vi d.
Egidius Monyr iiii dolia waide pr. £xxii cust* v s. vi d.
Johannes de Mees v dolia waide pr, £xx cust. v s.
Petrus le Quejmte viii doUa waide pr. £xxxiiii cust. viii s.

vi d.
Johannes Bayard iiii dolia waide pr. £xvi cust. iiii s.
Philippus Darras iiii dolia waide pr. £xx cust. v s.
Johannes de Wyght iii dolia waide pr. £ix vi s. viii d. cust.

iis. iiiid.
Ferminus de Sorcy iii dolia waide pr, £x\di cust. iiii s. iii d.
Nicholatis le Vile iiii dolia waide pr. £xxiiii cust* vi s.

1 Probata.

NEW CUSTOM OP 1303 413

Thomas Petyt iiii dolia waide pr. £xx cust. v s.
Thomas de Russenole wddam pr. xx s. cust. iii d.
Robertus Gomay frumentum ordeum pisas et allia pr. £z
cust. ii s. vi d.
Summa predi mercandisiarum predictarum £cc zi vi s.
vmd.
. Summa totalis dicte navis Iii s. x d.
In navi Johannis Hughelyn applicata xiii die Mardi
Michael de Whitsand alledum pr. £xiii xiii s. iiii d. cust.

m s. V d.
Idem adduxit frumentum pr. xlv s. cust. vi d. ob. q.

Summa predi mercandisiarum predictarum £xv xviii s.

iiiid.
Siunma totalis dicte navis iii s. xi d. ob. q.
Summa ^ predi mercandisiarum predictarum applicatarum
per dictum tempus £d Ixviii xvi s.

Summa ^ custiune inde provenientis per idem tempus £vii
ii s. ii d. ob.

^ ProbaU.

CHAPTER X

THE CLOTH CUSTOM OF 1547

The cloth custom of 1347, later an integral part of the petty
custom, was levied by the king-in-council rather than by the
king-in-parliament. Indeed the Commons were positively
opposed to the duty as we know from their petition to have it
withdrawn, presented in the very next parliament.

This custom was set on foot not later than 28 April, 1547, for
on that date ofEdals were appointed to look after its collection.^
The motive of the king in levying this due was simply and solely
to raise revenue, even at the expense of domestic industry.

The rates are indicated in the documents that follow and are
dealt with above ,^ where the w^hole subject is considered in its
relation to general customs development.^

I 43, An account of Ike custom on cloth exported from English
ports by aliens and denizens, 2g September, IJ48 — 2S Sep*
tember, 1349^

The king's butler, John of Wesenham, accounted for all the
cloth exported from England. The rate of 14 d. was imposed
upon ordinary cloth {pannus, pannus integer, and pannus de
assisa) when exported by denizens, and 21 d. when exported by
aliens. Cloth of worsted bore only i d. when exported by denizens
as in this account; i J d. when exported by aliens. Seven ports
did aU the exporting; thirty-four ports, members of ports, or
other places are mentioned by name as having exported no
cloth at all. The details of exportation are given in the table on
the opposite page.

It seems doubtful whether the merchants exporting the cloth
cared much about the nationality of the ships they employed, for
Englishmen exported in alien ships and aliens in English ships.

^ Calendar o} Patent Rolls^ Ed. HI, 1345-134S, pp. 276-277, * Pp. 73-73.
* For cloth dues, see also Chapters DC, XI, XIV, XV, and Appendû B.

4i4

CWTE CUSTOM OF 1347

CLOIB £XPO&T£D FROlt ENGtAND» 134S-1349

415

No. of

■hiptnenU

No. ol clotlii
exported

Castam

OcQÎzéns ......#.... .»

142

3837^

£ X. rf.
09 a 8
31 6 Ç

AlîfmA ................ X .., .

Particule compotî Joharmîs de Wesenham pinceme regis
collectons custume pannorum et lectonim de lanîs in Anglia
factomm extra idem regnum eductorum videlicet a festo Sancti
Mîchaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi Tertii post Conquestum xxii
usque festum Sanctî Michaelis proximo sequens anno regni
eîusdem regis vîcesimo tercio videlicet:*

LONDONIA

Navis vocata La Berword de Durdreght exivît xvi die Decern-
bris
Thomas de Canston' indigena habuît m eadem ui pannos de
assisa inde cust. iii s. vi d.

Navis Walteri Bred exîvit eodem die

Johannes de Essexîa îndîgena habuit in eadem vii pamios mde
cust. viii s. ii d.

Navis Johannis Grenebon exivit de ibidem eodem die

Franciscus Bothele alîenigena habuit in eadem ce xv pannos

de worsted
Galfrîdus Geselan alîemgena habuît in eadem ce xx pannos

de worsted

Alexander Normannjm ahenîgena habuît in eadem ccc

pannos de worsted mde cust, £iiii xi s. x d. ob.

Navis Johannis Neuport exivit de ibidem quarto die Novem-

bris

Franciscus Bothele alienigena habuit in eadem ciiii'^xii

pannos de worsted inde cust. xxiiii s,

* Panni de assisa 1535, parnii de worsted 2302.
' Panni de assisa 217!, panni de worsted 1877,

• MS., R. 0., K, R. Accounts» 457/ IÇ-

4i6

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Navis Johannis Mount exivit de ibidem eodem die
Alexander Lapy alienigena habuit in eadem c 1 pannos de

worsted inde cust* xviii s, îx d.

Michael Gerard alienigena habuit in eadem c be pannos de

worsted inde cust, xx s,

Kellus Donas alienigena habuit in eadem v pannos de assisa

inde exist. viii s. x d.

Navis Willelroi Spayn exivit xxviii die Januarii
Jacobus Tourk* alienigena habuit in eadem ccc pannos de

worsted inde cust. xxxvii s. vi d.

Isabella de Preston* indigena habuit in eadem xv pannos de

assisa inde cust. xvdi s. vi d.

Jacobus Scone indigena habuit in eadem Ix pannos de

worsted inde cost. vii s, vi d.

Navis Petri Goye exivit de ibidem quarto die Febniarii

Thomas de Canston' indigena habuit in eadem v pannos de

assisa inde cust. v s. x d.

Navis Hugonis Jonge exi\it de ibidem eodem die
Johannes Wyndram alienigena habuit in eadem i pannum

et di, de assisa inde cust, ii s. \âi d. ob.

Michael Gerard alienigena habuit in eadem ccc pannos de

worsted inde cust, xxxvii s. vi d.

Navis Willehni Petersone exivit xxvii die Febmarii
Henricus de Canston* indigena habuit in eadem ccc pannos

de worsted inde cust, xxv s.

Diago de Becoigne alienigena habuit in eadem xii pannos dc

assisa inde cust. rd s.

Clays de Werynglond alienigena habuit in eadem iiii pannos

de assisa inde cust, vii s,

Navis Petri Scouel exivit de ibidem xxi die Mardi
Hugo Johannis alienigena habuit in eadem viii pannos de

assisa inde cust. xiiii s.

Gilermens Wardesson* alienigena habuit in eadem xvi

pannos lane inde cust. xxviii s,

Navis Henrici Rombel exivit quarto die Aprilis
Thomas de Canston^ indigena habuit in eadem viii pannos

assise inde cust, ix s. iiU d-

I
I

CWTB CUSTOM OF 1347 417

Nicholaus Barbycan alienigena habuit in eadem xl pannos

de worsted inde cust. v s.

Andreas de Peluyle alienigena habuit m eadem iiii pannos

lane inde cust. vii s,

Navis Petri Seoul exivit de ibidem xxv die August!

Sampson de Bourches alienigena habuit in eadem xii pannos

inde cust xxi s.

Johannes de Wendouere et Henricus Boseworth' indigene

habuemnt in eadem ix pannos lane inde cust, x s. vi d.

Nicholaus Blak^ indigena habuit in eadem xviii pannos inde

cust. [—]

Willelmus Swalclif indigena habuit in eadem iiii pannos lane

inde cust. iiii s. viii d.

Navis Stephanus Sarlot exivit de ibidem eodem die

Willelmus Swalclif' indigena habuit in eadem xii pannos inde

cust xiiii s*

Robertus Laurence indigena habuit in eadem v pannos inde

cust. V s, x d.

Johannes Rous indigena habuit in eadem xiiii pannos inde

cust. xvi s, iiii d,

Navis Hugonis Double exivit de ibidem eodem die

Nicholaus de Luk* alienigena habuit in eadem viii pannos de

assisa inde cust. xiiii s.

Johannes Aleyn Johannes Wendouere et Ricardus Ruffyn

indigene habuemnt in eadem ix pannos inde cust. x s, vi d,

Henricus Vannere indigena habuit in eadem v pannos inde

cust. V s. X d,

Hugo de Bromton* indigena habuit in eadem x pannos inde

cust. xi s. viii d.

Willelmus Cherchegate et Johannes de Redynges indigene

habuemnt in eadem xiii pannos et di. inde cust.

XV s. ix d.
Johannes Cros indigena habuit in eadem ix pannos inde cust<

X s, vid.
Summa huius custume
per indigenas c xlvi panni lane di. inde cust. £viii x s.
XÏ d., CCCLX panni de worsted tode cust. xxx s.

41 8 TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

[per] alienigenas kx panni di* inde cust,

£viuis. iiîîd. ob.
MDCCC Ixrvdi panni worsted inde cust.

£xi xîîîi s. vil d* ob.
[Summa] totalis £xxvii xviii s. xi d-

Sandwicz

Navis vocata La Laurence de Sandwyco exivit iiii die Julii

Ricardus Genaler indigena habuit in eadem ii pannos inde

cust. ii s, iiii d.

Johannes Juyn et Johannes War' indigene habuemnt in

eadem î pannum inde cust. xiiii d,

Johannes Coggessale indigena habuit in eadem \i pannos

inde cust. vii s.

Navis vocata La Dieugard de Bayona exivit de ibidem eodem

die

Bemardus de Foies alienigena habuit in eadem xiiii pannos

inde cust. xxiiii s. vi d.

Guillehnus Andiger alienigena habuit in eadem vii pannos

inde cust xii s. iii d.

Guillehnus de Lande alienigena habuit in eadem xxv pannos

inde cust, xiiii s. ix d.

Bemardus Neppe et Ricardus Labe alienigena habuemnt in

eadem ix pannos inde cust, xv s. ix d.

Sunuma ' huius custume

per indigenas ix panni inde cust. x s. vi d.

[per] aHenigenas Iv panni inde cust. £iiii xvi s. iii d.

[Summa] totalis c vi s. ix d*

Sdthamptonia

Navis vocata La Seint Jak' de Bayona exivit iiii die Julii
Johannes Bidau alienigena habuit in eadem xl pannos inde

cust. Ixx s.

Johannes de Wesenham indigena habuit in eadem xxxv

pannos inde cust. xl s. x d.

Henricus Palmere indigena habuit in eadem viii pannos et di.

inde cust. ix s. xi d«

* Piobata*

CWTE CUSTOM OF 1347

419

Navis vocata La Bartilmew exivit de ibidem eodem die
Thomas Geste indigena habuit in eadem vi pannos inde ciist*

viis.

Johannes Grogan indigena habuit in eadem iii pannos et dî*

inde cnst. iiii s. i d.

Na\ds vocata La Piente de Hok' exivit de ibidem eodem die

Nicholaus TaiUour indigena habuit in eadem cxx pannos

inde cust* £vii

Johannes de Wodecote indigena habuit in eadem x pannos

inde cust, xi s. viii d.

Willeknus Beneyt indigena habuit in eadem xxiiii pannos

inde cust. xxviii s.

Sunrnia * huius custume

per indigenas cc vii panni inde cust, £xîi xviii d.
[per] aUenigenas xl panni inde cust. bcx s.

[Summa] totalis £xv xi s. vi d-

Bristolltjm

Navis vocata La Cog Johan' de Londonia exivit de ibidem xxix
die August!
Willelmus de Kelishull' indigena habuit io eadem ix pannos
inde cust x s. vi d.

Na\is vocata La Katerine de la Pole exi\dt de ibidem eodem die
Reginaldus le Frenssh' indigena habuit in eadem xix pannos
inde cust. xxii s. ii d.

Navis vocata La Cog Touz Sentz exivit de ibidem eadem die
Johannes Broun indigena habuit in eadem xx pannos inde
_ cust. xxiii s. iiii d.

I Navis vocata La Sompton' exivit de ibidem dicto xxix die
H Augusti

H Thomas Babbecary indigena habuit in eadem xxî pannos di.
H inde cust. xxv s* i d.

H Walterus Derby indigena habuit în eadem xx pannos inde
H cust. xxiii s. iiii d.

H Johannes Felter indigena viii pannos inde cust ix s, iiii d.
^^^ Willehnus Wrotham indigena x pannos inde cust, xi s. viii d.

lAÉJ

420

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Philippus de Toryton' mdigena xxv pannos inde cust.

xxix s. u d.
Robertas atte Walle indigena xl paimos inde cust.

xlvi s. viîî d.
Johannes de Colyngton' indigena ix pannos inde cust

X s. \i d,
Ricardus Hurel indigena xx pannos inde cust xxiii s. iiii d.
Johannes le Gardiner indigena xii pannos di. inde cust,

xiiii s- vii d,
Johannes Parys indigena ix pannos inde cust. x s. vi d.

Johannes Blanket indigena ix pannos inde cust* x s* vi d.
Nicholaus Dobbisson* indigena x pannos inde cust.

xi s. viîî d.
Edmundus Blanket indigena xix pannos inde cust.

xxii s* n d.
WiJlelmus Betislegh* indigena ix pannos inde cust, x s* vi d.
Ricardus de Brompton* indigena xxiiii pannos inde cust

xxviiis.
Johannes Lespic' indigena xl pannos inde cust, xlvi s. vîîi d.
Navis vocata La Katerine exîvît de ibidem eodem die
Willebnus de Coumbe indigena xx pannos inde cust,

xxiii s. iiii d,
Johannes Pirys indigena x pannos inde cust. xi s, viii d,

Johannes Magge indigena viii pannos inde cust, ix s, iiii d.
Johannes Gogys indigena xxviii pannos inde cust.

xxxii s, viii d,
Henricus Haneker' indigena xxiii pannos inde cust.

xxvi s, x d,
Johannes Sampson indigena xxiiii pannos inde cust. xxviii j
Waltems de Taunton' indigena xx pannos inde cust

xxiii s, iiu(

Dauid de Bronnensyng' indigena xxi pannos inde cust,

XXÎÎÎÎ s, vi d,
Henricus Pilk' indigena xx pannos inde cust. xxiii s, iiii d.
Ricardus Juhyne indigena xviii pannos inde cust. xxi s.

Johannes Batisbergh' indigena xx pannos inde cust,

xxHi s. iiii d.

CWTH CUSTOM OF 1347

421

Thomas Halewe indigena xi paneos inde oust, xii s. x d.
Johannes le Bolde indigena v pannos inde cast. v s. x d.
Johannes de Frompton' indigena vi pannos inde CEst. vii s.
Galfndus de Beauflour indigena iiii pannos inde cust

îîîi s. viiî d.
Johannes Schîpman indigena x pannos inde cust,

xi s. viii d.

Matheus Seward indigena vi pannos inde cust. vîi s.

Johannes de Wryngton' et Johannes Stok* indigene xx

pannos inde cust, xxiii s. iiii d.

Johannes de Wicoumbe indigena xl pannos inde cust,

xlvi s. viiî d.
Robertus de Chedder' indigena 1 pannos inde cust.

Iviîi S- iiii d.
Navis La Michel exivit de ibidem eodem die

Rogenis Sperte indigena x pannos inde cust. xi s» viiî d.
Ricardus Homcastel indigena xl pannos inde cust,

xlvi s. viiî d.
Johannes Mareschal indigena xi pannos di, inde cust

xiîi s. V d-
Willelmus de Wyk' indigena ix pannos inde cust, x s, vi d-
Willelmus le Her indigena x pannos inde cust, xi s, viii d,
Thomas Feryng' indigena x pannos inde cust, xi s, viii d,
Johannes Lyndraper indigena x pannos inde cust,

xî s. viiî d.

Johannes Colpek* indigena x pannos inde cust. xi s. viiî d.

Robertus Gyen indigena x pannos inde cust. xi s, viii d.

Navis vocata La Gracedieu exivit de ibidem iiii die Septembris

Willelmus de Beteslegh* indigena v pannos inde cust,

v s. X d.
Navis vocata La Amîste exivit de ibidem eodem die
Johannes WObot Gerardus Saleman Anselinus Gyene
Agu' Broun Rogerus le Refe indigene xxxiii pannos inde
cust. xxxvîii s, vi d.

Johannes de Lym indigena vi pannos inde cust. vii s.

Navis vocata La Petit Michel exivit de ibidem eodem die
Robertus Prentys indigena xi pannos inde cust. xîî s, x d-

422 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

WiUelmus Denton' indigena xxvii pannos inde cust. xxxi s*vid.
Summa buius custume per indigenas dcccc panni di.

inde cust. £lii x s. vii A
Lenke

Navis vocata La Palmydagh' exivit de ibidem vi die Mardi
Simon Baillif ' indigena v pannos inde ciist. v s. x d.

Adam de Book' indigena xiii pannos inde cust. x\" s, ii d.
Benedictus de Massingham indigena xix pannos inde cust

xxii s. ii d.

Thomas Rightwys indigena v pannos inde cust. v s, x d.

Hugo Ine indigena vii pannos inde cust. viii s. ii d,

Navis vocata La Cog* Femerland exivit de ibidem vi die Marcii

Robertus de Griston* indigena iiii pannos inde cust.

iiii s. viii d.
Robertus de Moleton' indigena xliiii pannos inde cust.

Ii s. iiii d.

Thomas Cole indigena xxxv pannos inde cust xl s. x d.

Johannes de Tilneye indigena xvii pannos et xl pannos de

worsted inde cust. xxiii s. ii d,

Johannes Stalonn indigena xx pannos inde cust, xxiii s. iîiî d.

WiUelmus de Blingham indigena xiî pannos di. et xl pannos

de worsted inde cust. xviî s. xi d.

WiUelmus Dunnyng' indigena vîi pannos et di. et iHi paimos

de worsted inde cust. ix s.

Navis vocata la Palmydagh' exivit de ibidem eodem die

Mat/wus fiiz Johan indigena v pannos inde cust. v s. x d.

Johannes Rode alienigena v pannos inde cust, viii s. ix d*

Navis vocata La Crucingbergh' exivit de ibidem eodem die

Henricus Mus William alienigena x pannos inde cust.

xvii s. vi d.
Albrightus de Home alienigena xix pannos inde cust.

xxxiiii s, iii d.
Summa ^ huius custume

per indigenas c iiii^xiiii panni lane inde cust. £x xix s.
X d., ilii'^iiit panni de worsted mde cust vii s.

[per] alienigenas xxxiiii panni inde cust* lix s. vi d.
* Probata.

I
I

CWTB CUSTOM OF 1347

423

Jernemtjthia

Navis Christiânî de Reîaunt exivit de îbîdem xx die Decembris
Rogerus Berte indigena habuit în eadem Ixvi pannos de

worsted înde cust. v s. vi d,

Willelmus Skye indigena habuît in eadem cxl pannos de

worsted înde cust. xi s. viii d,

Willelmus de Knatichale indigena habuit in eadem iiiî"

pannos de worsted inde cust. vi s. viii d.

Thomas Reed indigena habuit in eadem c pannos de worsted

înde cust. viii s. iiii d.

Navis vocata La Jeorge de Jememuthia exivit xiii die Januariî
Johannes de Erpyngham indigena habuit in eadem iiii" x

pamios de worsted inde cust, vîî s, vî d.

Wîllebnus de Dunston' indigena habuit in eadem M^ pannos

de worsted inde cust. \i s. viii d.

Johannes de Swanton* indigena habuit în eadem Iviii pannes

de worsted inde cust. iiii s, x d.

Robertus Broun indigena habuit in eadem iiii^ii pannos de

worsted inde cust. vi s. x d,

Navîs vocata La Jeorge de Dunkirk'

Nîcholaus Herberd indigena habuit in eadem xl pannos de

worsted înde cust. iîi s. iiii d.

Willelmus Skye indigena habuit in eadem kviiî pannos de

worsted inde cust. v s. viii d.

Galfridus Page indigena habuit in eadem îiii^xil pannos de

worsted inde cust. vii s. viii d.

Willehnus de Dunston' indigena habuit în eadem iijî**vi

pannos de worsted înde cust, vîî s. iî d,

Rogerus Berte indigena habuit in eadem iiîi"x pannos de

worsted inde cust. vii s. vî d.

Navîs Gnibbe de Brele exivit de îbîdem xx die Febmarii

Thomas Blanchard indigena habuit in eadem vii pannos et dî.

iane de assisa înde cust. viii s. ix d,

Galfridus Page indigena habuît în eadem 1 pannos de worsted

inde cust» iiii s. ij d.

424

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis vocata La Skenkwayn de Canustr'(?) eidvit de ibidem

ultimo die Februarii
Lictil Andrei! indigena habuit in eadem 1 pannos de worsted

inde oist iiii s. U d,

Rogenis Berte indigena babuit in eadem xl pannos de

worsted inde cust. iîî s. iîîi d.

Wîlieimus de Dunston* indigena habuit in eadem \x pannos

de worsted inde cust, v s.

Navis vocata la Bartilmew exivît xii die Mardi

Johannes Hues indigena habuit in eadem Ix pannos de

worsted inde cust. v s,

Galfridus Page indigena habuit in eadem Uiii pannos de

worsted inde cust. îiîi s. vi d.

Johannes Lawes indigena habuit in eadem v pannos inde

cust. V s, X d,

Navis jQhannis Boudînesson' exivît de ibidem xxii die Mardi
Hugo Broun indigena habuit in eadem iiii^ pannos de worsted

inde cust. vi s. viii d.

Edmundus de Lente indigena habuit in eadem xl pannos de

worsted înde cust. îlî s* iiil d,

Rogerus Berte indigena habuit in eadem Ix pannos de

worsted înde cust, v s,

Thomas Blanchard* indigena habuit in eadem iii pannos et di,

inde cust. îiii s. i d.

Navis vocata La Seintmarie Knyght de Brele exivit primo die

Aprilîs
Johannes de Belaugh' indigena habuît in eadem v pannos

inde cust. v s. x d.

Navis vocata La Godbirard de Mîddilburgh* exivit viî die

Aprilîs
Willeknus Skye indigena habuit in eadem xlvîiî pannos de

worsted înde cust. iiii s.

Rogerus de Blakene indigena habuit in eadem xxiiii pannos

de worsted înde cust, îi s.

Ricardus Benteleyn indigena habuit in eadem xii pannos de

w^orsted înde cust. xii d.

Johannes de Bliklyng* indigena habuit in eadem v pannos

întegros înde cust. v s. x d»

CLOTH CUSTOM OF 2347

425

Navis Johannis Lightfoot* de Caunfer' exivit xxviï die Aprilis

Willelinus de Btimstod mdigena habuit in eadem xv pannos

inde cust. xvii s. vi d.

Johannes Caye indigena habuit in eadem xii pannos inde

cust, xiiii s.

Robertus Thurkild indigena habuit in eadem kxii pannos de

worsted inde cust. vi s.

Ricardtis de Shirwod indigena habuit in eadem xxi pannos de

worsted inde cust. xxi d.

Johannes de Henjmgham indigena habuit in eadem xix

pannos de worsted inde cust, xix d,

StepEanus Spic' indigena habuit in eadem di, pannum inde

cust vii d.

Navis Christiani de Reiaunt exivit de ibidem îîii die Maii

Johannes de Swan ton' indigena habuit in eadem xj pannos

de worsted inde cust iii s. iiii d,

Galfridus Page indigena habuit in eadem xlviii pannos de

Worsted inde cust. iiii s,

Johannes Bertelot indigena habuit in eadem ii pannos

integros inde cust. ii s. iiii d.

Summa * huius custume per indigenas Hoccc Iviii panni

de worsted £vii xiiii s. xd., Iv panni di. de assisa

bdîîî s, îx d.

[Summa] totalis £x xix s. vîi d.

GïPWYCz

Navis vocata La James de Goseford' exivit de ibidem v die

Febniarii
Nannus de Weryng* aUenigena habuit in eadem iil pannos et

dî. înde cust. vi s, i d. ob,

Walterus Cuitoys alienigena habuit in eadem ii pannos înde

cust iiî s. vi d.

GuilJelmus Roscard' alienigena habuit in eadem ii pannos inde

cust, iiî s, vî d.

Johannes Hecche alienigena habuit in eadem îx pannos inde

cust. XV s, ix d.

1 Probata,

426

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Henriois filius William alîenîgeEa habuit in eadem i pannuni
et di. inde cust. ii s. vii d. ob.

Navis vocata La Katerine de Herewycz

Rîcardus de Hauerlond' indigena habuît in eadem u pannos

et dî. inde cust* ii s. xi d.

Thomas de Melford* mdigena habuît in eadem xii pannos

inde cust. xiiii s.

Johannes Smyth* indigena habuit in eadem i pannum et dî.

inde cust. xxi d,

Thomas Blanchard' indigena habuit in eadem ii pannos inde

cust. ii s. îiiî d.

Rogerus de Croxton' mdigena habuit in eadem uii pannos et

di. inde cust. vs. iiid.

Summa * huius custume

per indigenas xxu panni di. inde cust. xxvi s. iii d.

[per] alienigenas xviii panni inde cust. xxxi s. vi d.

Summa totalis Ivii s. ix d.
Summa totalis custume
per indigenas mdxxxv panni inde cust £iiii**ix xs.
X d.j MMCCC ii panni de worsted inde cust. £ix xî s, x d.
[perl alienigenas cc xvxi pannî di. inde cust, £xix \ii
d. ob,, MDCCCC Ixxvii worsted inde cust.

£xii vi s. t d. ob.
[Summa totalis] £c xxx ix s. v d. probata
Et non computat de huius custuma pannorum et lectorum de
lanîs in Anglia factorum per tempus huius compoti in portubus
villarum de Feueresham W>Tichilse Rye Romenye Cicestria
Sefford Shorham Portesmoutha Pole L>TTie Warham Brugewater
Barstaple Dertemutha Exmutha Bristollo Nouo Castro super
Tynam HertilpoP Jarum K>Tigestonia super Hullam Sancti
Botolphi Orford Dunwyce Kirkel Parue Jememuthîe Colcestria
Maiden et Herewicz nee in aquis villarum de douces tria Berke-
leye Thombury Newenham Lideneye et hundredi de Blideslowe
quia nulh mercatores indigene sive alienigine carcarunt ahquos
pannos sive leccos de lanis in Anglia factos in navibus ad partes
exteras de portubus et aquîs predictîs exeuntibus per tempus^
huius compoti unde custuma regi debebatur.

* Probata.

CWTE CUSTOM OF 134?

427

§ 44. An account of the cusiom on cloth exported from English
ports by aliens and denizens, 2Ç September ^ 1J4Ç — 28 Sep-
tember, 1350,

John of Wesenham, the king's buOer, in this account as in the
last, was the chief collector of the cloth custom. He accounted
for doth exported from eight ports and asserted that from thirty-
one places, mentioned by name, there was no cloth exported at
all. The chief ports sending cloth abroad were Bristol, Yar-
mouth, and Ipswich, The exports of Sandwich and L>Tin were
almost nil. The shipments from London were insignificant. The
following table gives a general summary of the details of export.

CUym EXPORTED FROM ENGLAND» I349-Ï3SO

No. of
fihipmenU *

No. of dotba
exported

Custom

Denisens

95
II

4545'
136*

£ s. d.
81 4 7

Aliens

It 0 6

Special attention should be called to the prominence of Bristol
in the cloth trade of the period; to the fact that forty-eight out
of its forty-nine shipments were denizen ; and to the fact that the
individual shipments were small in amount* There is a good deal
in these documents that points to the exceptional condition of
Bristol's economic organization, trade connections, and general
development.

Particule compoti Johannis pinceme regis collectons custume
pannorum et lectorum de lanis in Anglia factorum extra idem
regnum eductorum a festo Sancti Michaehs anno xxiii usque
festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens anno xxiîîi videlicet: *

^ Six of these shipmetits (one alien and five denizen) belonged to partners.
* These were panni de assisa^ except in the case of denizens' cloth, 33^5 pieces of
which were panni dt worsted,

" MS., R. O., K, R. Customs 158/15-

428

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

LONDONIA

Navis — Ibright de le Scluse exivît iiî die Novembris

Bemardus Mercer de Londonîa xl panni de worsted inde

cust. ill s. iiii d.

Bartholomeus Thomasyn iiii paimi de worsted înde cust,

vi s. viii d

Summa * huius oistume per indlgenas cxx panni de

worsted inde cust. x s.

Sandwicz

Una navis de Lescluse exivit iii die Decembris
Vrkinus Bulyn alienigena îi panni de assisa inde cust.

iii s. vi d.

Summa ^ huius custume per alienigenam ii panni inde

cust iii s. vi d.

SUTHAMPTONIA

La Seint Piere de Bayona exivit xx die JuUi

Petnis Baket alienigena xxviii panni inde cust. xlix !

Bonefacus de Dussh' alienigena v panni di. inde cust.

ix s. vii d. ob.
La Sdnt Martyn de Bayona exivit xiii die Decembris

Johannes de la Tast' alienigena x panni inde cust. xvii s. vi d,
Euerardus Gumband alienigena xii panni inde cust. xxi s.
Bemardus Percler et Bertrannus Cadilak* alienigenc xxi
panni inde cust xxxvi s. ix d.

Waltems de Cosham indigena civi panni inde cust

£ix ii s.

Robertus Grateley xxx panni inde cust. xxxv s,

Johannes Vdes viii panni inde cust. ix s. iiii d,

Ricardus Pak' x panni inde cust. xi s. viii d.

Summa ' huius custimie per:

indigenas cc iiii panni inde cust. £xi xvîiî s.

alienigenas Ixxvi panm di. inde cust* £vi xiii s, x d. ob.

Totalis * £xviii xi s. x d. ob.
« Probata*

I
I

Navîs vocata La Blome de Bnigewater exîvit îî dîe Augusli
Johannes Colyn îndigena [etj Robertus Moryn indigena
xxîii panni inde cust. summa per indigenas xxiii panni inde
cust, xxvî s. X d.

Bristollum

La Seînt Martin de Bayona exîvît xxvi die Mardi

Petrus Soncers indigena xx pannî inde cust. xxiiî s, îîîî d,
Willelmus Baton indigena x panni inde cust. xi s. viii d.
Willelmus Coumbe indigena xii panni inde cust, liiiî s,

Willelmus Euerard indigena xx panni inde cust,

xxiîi s. iiii d.
La Margarfete] de Bristollo exîvît eodem die

Rîcardus Spîcer indigena xxx panni inde cust. xxxv s,

Waltenis de Frompton' indigena x panni inde cust.

xî s. vui d.

La Elizabeth' de Bristollo exîvît ultimo die Marcii
Johannes Sampson indigena xii panni inde cust. xiiii s,

Johannes Bolde îndigena iiii panni inde cust. iiii s, viii d,
Gallridus de Moye îndigena xx panni inde cust.

xxiii s. iiii d.
La James de Bristollo exîvit xxvi die Aprilîs
Walterus de Taunton^ indigena vi panni inde cust. vîî s.
Thomas Pennard indigena vî panni inde cust. vii s.

Walterus Derby indigena iiîi pannî inde cust. iiii s. viii d.
Navîs vocata La Michel de Bristollo
Walterus Taunton' indigena xi panni inde cust. xii s. x d,
Johannes Howes îndigena xiii parmi inde cust. xv s. iî d.
Gregerius Lange îndigena ii pannî inde cust, ii s. iiii d.

Johannes Horaecastel indigena xix panni inde cust.

xxîî s. iî d,
Philippus de Toryton' indigena xxxii panni inde cust.

xxxvii s. iîiî d.
Willelmus de Betesleye indigena x panni înde cust.

xi s. viii d.

43Ô

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Johannes Gardiner indigena xiii panni inde cost, xv s. u d.
Johannes Wycoumbe indigena xxx panni inde cust. xxxv s.
Adam Felte indigena iMi panni inde ctist. iiii s, \^ d.

Johannes Stoke et Willelmus Pycard indigene xl panni inde
cust xlvi s, \Tij d.

Johannes Irlonde indigena iii panni inde cust. îiî s. vî d.
Johannes Sampson indigena x panni inde cust, xi s. viii d.
Johannes Wiyngton' indigena xix panni inde cust.

xxi s. X d.
Ricardus Brompton' indigena x panni inde cust, xi s. viii d.
Ricardus Hurel indigena xlii panni inde cust. xlix s*

Johannes Northwich' indigena v panni inde cust, v s. x d.
Rogerus Spert indigena x panni inde cust. xi s, viii d.

Johannes Lymdrapere indigena x panni inde cust,

xi s, viii d.
La Rodecog* de Thornbury exivit eodem die

Reginaldus le Frensch' indigena xl panni inde cust.

xlvi s. viii d.
Phillppus de Toryton^ indigena xx panni inde cust.

xxiii s. iiii d.
Johannes Wycoumbe indigena xxx panni inde cust. xxxv s.
Willehnus Coumbe indigena xvi panni inde cust.

xviii s, viii d*
Willehnus de Beteslegh' indigena x panni inde cust.

xi s, viii d.
Johannes de Wotton' indigena xviii panni inde cust. xxi s.
Fourtener de Bayona alienigena xxxv panni inde cust,

Ixi s, iii d.
Johannes Wryngton indigena x panni inde cust. xi s, viii d.
Ricardus le Spicer indigena xx panni inde cust. xxiii s, iiii d.
Johannes Stoke et Willehnus Pycard indigene xl panni mde
cust. xlvi s. viii d,

Robertus ate Walle indigena x panni inde cust. xi s. viii d.
Rogerus Spert indigena x panni inde cust, xi s. viii d.

Ricardus Brompton* indigena xviii panni inde cust. xxi s.
Walterus Frompton' indigena xx panni inde cust,

xxiii s, iiii d.

CWTE CUSTOM OF 1347

431

Henricus PaJmere îndigena x panni inde cust. id s. viii d.
Thomas Sone mdigena uii panni inde cust. îiiî s. viii d,

Johannes Stoke et WilleJinus Pycard indigene Ix panni inde
oist hx s,

Dauid Brotinenesyng' indigena x panni inde cust.

xi s, viii d.
Waltems Frompton' indigena xx panni inde cust,

xxiii s. iiii d.
Summa huius custume per:
indigenas dccc iii panni inde cust. £xEx xviii s. i dJ
aiienigenam xxxv panni inde cust, bd s. iii d.*

Totalis £xlvi xi s. v d.*
Lenna

La Skenkwyn de Middilburgh' exivit iiii die ApriJis
Adam Beek* indigena xi panni di. inde cust. xiîî s. v d.

De quodtam] extraneo i pannus inde cust. xxi d.

Summa huius custume per;
indigenam xi panni inde 01st. xiii s. v d.*

aiienigenam i pannus inde cust. xxi d.*

Totalis XV s. ii d,>
Jernemxjta

Navis Johannis Dodham exivit iiii die Januarii
Robertus Wype indigena c panni de worsted inde cust.

viii s. iiii d,
Navis Marcolf' Rowe exivit vi die Januarii
Nicholaus Herberd indigena iiii" panni de worsted inde cust.

vii s. viii d.
Rogenis Berd indigena 1 panni de worsted inde cust.

iiii 5. ii d*
Navis Christiani de Gagant exivit vii die Januarii
Nicholaus Herberd indigena c panni de worsted inde cust,

viii s. iiii d,
Navis Christiani Gagant exivit xxvi die Januarii

Robertus Turkyl indigena cxx panni de worsted inde cust,

* ProbaU.

43^

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis Johaiims de Dodhajn exivit xxvil die Januarii

Robertus W>pe indigena ir" panni de worsted mde cust.

XV s,

Navis Christiani Gagant exivit ix die Febmarii

Willelmus de Dunston' indigena cc xl panni de worsted inde

OlSt. XX s.

Robertus Wype indigena cc xl panni de worsted inde cust,

XX s.
Navis Boudini Lippmesson' exivit xxii die Febmarii

Nicholaus Herberd indigena c be panni de worsted inde cust

xiii s. iiii d.
Navis Christiani Gagant exivit quarto die Mardi
Willelmus de Dunston' indigena iiii" panni de worsted inde
cust- vi s. viii d.

Rogenis Benet indigena c xx panni de worsted inde cust,

xs.
Johannes Howes indigena Ixx panni de worsted înde cust.

vs. X d.
Thomas Nichol indigena Ixv panni de worsted inde cust.

V s, V d.
Rogerus Berd indigena c Ix panni de worsted inde cust.

xiii s. iiii d.
Navis Ade Perman exivit viii die Mardi
Johannes Howes indigena Ix panni de worsted inde cust, v s.
Robertus Wype indigena cccc panni de worsted inde cust.

xxxiii s. iiii d.
Navis Johannis Perman ejdvit xi die Mardi

Robertus Turkyl Indigena c xx parmi de worsted inde cust.

xs.
Johannes Rodlond indigena ciiiî** panni de worsted inde cust.

xiiii s. viii d.

Navis Petri GUesson^ exivit xxv die Mardi

Johannes de Erpyngham indigena I panni de worsted inde

cust. iiii s. ii d.

La Euangelist' de Jememuta exivit xv die Aprilis

Johannes Howes indigena c xx panni de worsted inde cust,

xs.

CWTB CUSTOM OF 1347

433

Johaimes Ocle mdigena c panni de worsted inde ciist,

vîîi s* iiii d.
Navis Willelini Bordblandmesson' exivit jodii die Aprilîs
Willelmus Dimston* mdigena iiii^x panni de worsted inde
cust. vii s. vi d.

Navis Conekyni Saer exivit vi die Maîî
Johannes Belagh^ indigena iii paniii de assîsa inde cust,

lii s. vi d.
Stephanus de Stalham* indigena vii panni de assisa inde cust,

viH s. ii d.
Navis Christiani Gagant x die Maii
Thomas de Wroxham indigena Ixx panni de worsted inde
oist. v s. X d.

Navis Thome Jantesson^ exi\dt x]dc die Maii

Robertus W>pe indigena cc panni de worsted inde cust,

xvi s. vîiî d.
Navis Christiani Gagant exivit xxvi die Junii

Robertus Wype indigena k panni de worsted inde cust, v s.

Na\^s Amaldi filii Dirici de Hamburgh* exivit xii die Jan[uariil '

Ricardus de Crosdale indigena iii panni de assisa inde cust.

iii s. vi d,
Navis Nicholai ELmost exivit xxix die Julîî
Godekynus Faure alienigena iîii pannî de assisa inde cust.

vii s.
Navis Christiani Gagant exivit xii die Augusti
Robertus Wype indigena Ix panni de worsted inde cust. v s.
Summa ' huius custume [per] :
indigenas panni de assisa xLii panni inde cust.

XV s. ii d.*

worsted mmm cc bocv inde cust. £xiii xii s. xi d,*

aiienlgenam iiii panni de assisa inde cust. vii s.

Summa totalis £xiiii xv s. i d.*

Gipwicz

La Malote de Goseford exivit secundo die Julii
Ricardus Saier indigena xiii panni inde cust.

^ Probably a mbtakc for JidU, ' Probata.

XV s* ii d,

434 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSU CUSTOMS

Johannes Deyer indigena iiii panoi inde cust. uîî s. vîîî d.

Rogems Hotfot Thomas Bnme Willelmus Fermerie indigene

xxiii panni inde cust, xxvi s. x d*

Robertus ate Forde Johannes Orsete indigene xv panni inde

cust. xvii s, vi d.

La Margarete de Colcestrîa exivît xv die Augusti

Emmota Malyn indigena îi panni et di, inde cust. ii s. xi d.
Johannes Payn indigena i pannus di, inde cust, xri d.

Johannes Was indigena ii panni inde cust, ii s< iiii d.

Ricardus HolwelP indigena xxvi panni inde cust. xxx s. iiii d.
Rogems de Croxton' indigena iiii panni inde cust. iiii s. viii A
Henricus Rothin indigena iii panni inde cust. iii s. vi d.

Bemardus Aunger alienigena vii panni inde cust. xii s. iii d.
Amanenus de Serbat alienigena ii panni inde cust. iiii s. iiii d.
Summa ' huius custume per:
indigenas iiii^^xiiii panni inde cust. c ix s. viii d,*

alienigenas ix panni di. inde cust, xvi s. viî d. ob,'

Totalis £vi vi s, iii d. ob.^
Summa totalis custume [per] :
indigenas MC I panni de assisa inde cust. £lxvii xx d.^
MMHCCciiii**xv panni worsted inde cust.

£xiiii ii s. xi d.
alienigenas cxx\i panni de assisa inde cust. £xi vi d.*

Totalis £iîîi'^xîi v s. id.*
Et non computat de huiusmodi cusiuma pannorum et lectomm
de lanis in Anglia factorum per tempus huius compoti in portubus
villarum de Feueresham Wynchilse Rye Romerie [sic] Cic^tria
Sefford Schorham Portesmutbe Pole Lyme Warham Brugewater
Barstaple Exmuthe Novi Castri super Tynam Hertilpol Janun
Kyngestonia super Hullam Sancti Botulphi Denewicz Kirkele
Parue Jernemuthe Colcestrîa Maiden' et Herewicz nee in aquis
villarum de Gloucestria Berkely Thornburi Niewenham Lideneye
et Hundiedi de Blideslowe quia nulli merçatores indigene sive
alienigene carcarunt aliquos pannos sive lectos de lan[is] in
Anglia factos in navibus ad partes exteras de portubus et aquis
predictis exeuntibus per tempus huius compoti unde custuma
regi debebatur,

* Piobata.

I
I

CHAPTER XI

THE PETTY CUSTOM

The petty custoiB ' was an amalgamation of the new custom of
1303 ^ (wool, woolfells, hides» and wine excepted) and the cloth
custom of 1347.' It introduces us therefore to no new element in
customs history. Those who make it equivalent to the new cus-
tom make it more inclusive, and less inclusive at the same time,
than it really was. And they overlook the fact, too, that while
the new custom of 1303 was paid by aliens only, the petty custom
■ was paid by denizens as well as by aliens in the case of cloth, the
chief single article concerned,

I In the course of time the petty custom was merged into the
custom and subsidy described below în Chapter XIV, and this in
turn into the consolidated customs and subsidies described below
in Chapter XV.
1

§ 45-

An accauni of the petty custom on wax and goods subjed io
the poundage, imparted or exported by aliens, and on cloth
exported by aliens and denizens^ Lynn^ 12 February ^ ijç6 —
16 February, ijçy.*

The term ** petty custom " is seen here to apply not only to the
custom of 1303 but also to the cloth custom of 1347. The ** port "
of Lynn is said to extend from Maidenhouse to Blakeney. Only
part of the whole account is printed here because of illegibility.
The first part includes imports and runs from 3 May to 2 Septem-
ber (inclusive), 1396. The second part includes exports and runs
from 1 2 May to r8 August (inclusive), 1396. Cloth was practically
the only export, the rates being those of 1303 and 1347* The dis-
crimination in cloth custom in favor of denizens and Hanseatic
ahens against other aliens seems to have driven the last-named

* Sfe also above, pp. 75-76. ' See Chapter IX,

* More acairateiy, la Feb., isgs~g6^-i6 Feb., 13^6-97*

43S

» See Chapter X.

436 TSE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

practically out of the export cloth trade of Lynn» The various
cloths exported were reckoned in terms of the standard cloth. At
least thirteen different designations are found in all.

1. Worsted

2. Pannus (pannus integer, pannus de assisa. Cf. p. 414)

3. Pannus latus

4. Pannus latus Anglie

5. Pannus latus Anglie sine grano

6. Pannus strictus

7. Pannus strictus sine grano

8. Damdok or pannus strictus

9. Damdok sine grano, or pannus strictus

10, Pannus albus strictus

11. Pannus albus strictus sine grano

12, Pannus russetus strictus

13. Pannus russetus strictus sine grano

The goods imported by aliens present considerable variety:

several kinds of wood (wainscots^ righolt, bowstaves, tunbolt»
slabs, spars, boards, planks, and deals), pitch, tar (bitumen), wax,
iron, ashes, beer^ skins, linen cloth, fustian, chalonyam, thread,
fish J stones of various kinds, cork, garlic and onions, woad, copper,
glass, beaver hatSj hair, haberdashery, etc. ■

Particule compoti Johannis Coup' collectoris parve custume in
portu ville de Lenne et abmde per costeram maris usque May- ■
denhous ex una parte et ex alterna parte usque Blakeney et ™
ibidem per breve regis patens datum xii die Februarii anno xix
regni regis in origin [ali rotulo] de eodem anno regis iiii videlicet
de exitibus eiusdem custume a predicto xii die Februarii anno xix
usque xvii diem Februarii anno xx per unum annum et quinque ^
dies ut infra.^ f

Navis Elfridi de Brème applicans ibidem îîî die Mail anno
supradicto
De eodem Elfrido pro xii delys val. iii s. iiii d. cust* ob.

Summa * bonorum patet cust. patet

' MS., R. O., K. R, Customs, 94/16.

■ Tàe word pr&baia precedes this sunma and most of those following.

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

437

Navis Amaldi van Tilight applicans ibidem iii die Mail anno

supradicto
De eodem Amaldo pro xvi delys vaL iii s. iiii d.
item be barellis olei vaL £\4i
item i las ta osmondi vaL £iîîî xiii s, iiii d.
item V lastis picis et bîtuminîs val. I s,

Summa val. £xiîîî vi s, viii d. cust. îîî s. vîî d,

De Tîdman Rosewater pro i lasta di. pîcis et bituminis
val. XV s. cust îî d. q.

De Johanne Lancowe pro îi lastîs osmondi val. £ix vi s. viiî d,
item XXXV lastis pids et bituminis vah £x\^ii x s.
item MMH ii*^ waynscot vaL £x xiii s. iiii d.
item îiii*^ righolt val. liiî s. iîi d.
item vi*^ bowstaves vaL £vi
item ii lastis di. loudiron' val. £vîi x s.
item MMMM tunholt vaL xl s.
item xii lastis cinerum vaL £xîi
item ii prucetablez val. Iiii s, iiii d.
item di. lasta lini val. Ix s.

Srnnma £Ixxiii vi s, viîi d. cust. xviii s. iiii d.

De Nîcholao Pastewyke pro v lastis picîs et bituminis vaL 1 s.
item parvis tabulis vaL iîî s. iiii d.

Summa Iiii s. iiii d. cust. viiî d-

De WilklmoW>Tik' pro iiii lastis picis et bituminis val. xl s.
Item XXX bolles vaL îii s» iiii d,

Summa xliîi s. iiii d, cust, vi d. ob*

Summa bononim £îiii" xiii v s.

cust, xxiii s, iii d, ob. q.
Navîs Johannis Horsman applicans ibidem xxvii die Mail anno
supradicto
De eodem Johanne pro panno lineo in î fardello vaL £vî

cust. xviii d.
De Johanne Scorehare pro iii fardellis cum panno lineo val.

£xxvî
item îx pedis de fustiano val. 1 s.
item MD slabbys val, Lxxv s.
item ii lastis beere vaL Iiii s, iiii d.

438

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

item Î bale pelvium vaJ. Ix s,

Summa £xxxvli xviii s* iiii d, cust. k s, v d. ob. q.

De eodem Johanne pro di, quintallo cere cust. vi d.

De Henrico Went pro panno Uneo in î fardello val £x
item i lasta beere val. xxvi s. viii d.
item if di, slabbys val, xii s. vi d.

Summa £xi xix s. u d. cust ii s. xi d* ob* q.

De eodem Henrico pro di. quintallo cere cust, vi d.

De Gisik' Honyng* pro panno lineo in î fardello val £xii
item iiii*^ slabbys val xx s.
item ix barellis beere val xx s.

Summa £xiiii cust, iii s, vi d.

De Johanne Rode pro panno lineo in ii fardellis val £xiiii
item iiii^ di. slabbys val xxii s. \t d.
item i pecia de hairys val iiii s.
item ii barellis beere val vi s.

Summa £xv xii s. vi d. cust. iii s, xi d.

De Edwardo van Minden pro i fardello cum panno lineo val

£xi
item î pipa cum pellîbus agninis val, 1 s.
Item iiii*^ di* slabbys val xxii s. vi d,

Summa £xiiii xii s. vi d. cust, iii s, viii d.

De Henrico Stank' pro ii barellis cupri val £vi
item panno lineo in i fardello val c s-
item V bareUîs osmondi val. xxxiii s. iiii d.
item vii^ slabbys val xxxv s.
item vi tymbriis operis val xl s.
item troufes val xiiii s.

Summa £xvii ii s. iiii d. cust. iiii s. iii d. q.

De eodem Henrico pro i quintallo et iii quarterns cere

cust. xxi d.
De Frederico Bogh' pro panno lineo in ii fardellis val.

£xiiil
item i bale cum pelvis val £iiii
item D c slabbys val xxxv s.
item i lasta beere val xxvi s. viii d*

Summa £xxi xx d. cust. v s. iii d* q.

THE PETTY CUSTOM

439

De eodem Frederico pro î quarterio î quintalli cere

cust, lii d.
De Johanne Syrenbergh' pro panno lineo in i fardello val.

£vi
item D slabbys vaL xxv s.

item i barello cum pelvibus et peUibus agninis val. bt s.
item iii roUis de haiiys vat x s.

Summa £x xv s, cust. îî s. viii d. q.

De Bronyng* van Basteir pro pamio lineo in iii fardellis val.

£xvii
item vii barellis bere vaL xvi s, viii d.
item XV barellis osmondi vaL c s*

Summa £xxii xvi s. viii d. cust» v s. viii d. ob.

De eodem Bronyng' pro i quintallo cere cust. xii d.

De Radulfo Bordeslo pro panno lineo in îi fardelUs vaL

£xvi
item M iiii^ slabbys val. Ixx s.
item îiii barellis beere vaL x s,
item x barellis cinerum vaL xxiii s. iiii d.

Summa £xxi iii s. îiiî d. cust. v s. iii d. ob-

Summa bonorum £c iiii^xiii xviii d.

cust. xlviii s. iii d, ob, q.
Summa cere iiii quintalli cust. iiii s.

Navis Olaui Henrikson* applicans ibidem ultimo die Junii
anno legni Regis Ricardi secundi \dcesimo
De eodem Olauo pro m^tmm iiii*^ sparres vaL xlvii s. viii d.
item ix duodenis de bordîs vaL xii s.
item XV dacris clippyng' vaL xv s.
item V tjTnbriis operis rubei vaL xv s.
item i barello di. cork* vaL iii s,
item xii peUibus de beev[ere] et de mart[ina] val viii s. vi d.

Summa c î s* ii d. cust. xv d. q.

Summa bonorum patet cust. patet

Navis Johannis Bakker applicans ibidem vi die Julii anno

supradicto

De eodem Johanne pro iiii lastis pids et bituminis vaL

xlvi s, viii d. cust vii d.

À.

440

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Willehno Banhowe pro xiii barellis osmondî val, c s.

item ii lastis di. picîs et bîtumînis vaL xxîx s. ii d,

item ii^ pîsdbus vaL iiî s, iiii d*

item xxî pétris ckûlonyerne vaL xxvi s. viii d,

item vi barellis beere val, xv s,

item xiî pétris Uni val. xx s*

item c fil[i] vaL x s.

Summa £x iîii s, iî d, cust. îî s. vî d. ob. q.

De eodem Willelmo pro i quarterio i quintalli cere

cust, îii d*

Summa bonorum £xîî x s. x d, cust. iii s. i d* ob. q.

Summa cere î quarterium cust. îii d,

Navis Johamijs Bruce exîens ^ ibidem x dk Julii aimo supra*

dicto

De eodem Johanne pro dî. lasta osmondi vaL xlvi s. vîii d,

cust, \ii d,
Summa bonorum patet cust, patet

Navis Lambertî Pruce appHcans ibidem x die Julîî aimo
supradicto
De eodem Lamberto pro i barello et dî. cum fil|o] vaL Ix s.
item x bunches ferri vaL £iiii

Summa £vîi cust. xxi d.

Summa bonorum patet cust, patet

Navis Johaimis van der Hille applicans ibidem xiiî die Juliî
arnio supradicto
De Willelmo Gristman pro iiii pipîs wadde vaL £xîi
item u lastis quernestanys val, xx s.
item di, lasta kondcsionys vaL xx s.
item X duodenis redelassh^ vaL xx s.

Summa £xv cust. iii s. ix d.

De Margareta Durdreght' pro i barello cum speculis i skdy

ii flaketz et haberdassh' val, £vii cust. xxi d.

De magîstro supradicto pro i lasta quemestonys val, x s.

item mustardquemes teweni et crouses val. xiii s. îîii d.

cust. iii d.* ob,
Summa bonorum £xxiîi iii s. iiii d. cust, v s. îx d.Job-

^ Evidently tliis should be applicans*

I
1

^^^HIIIiiii^H

^^H

^^^^^ THE PETTY CUSTOM

44^^^H

Navis Gert Scomaker applicans ibidem xxi die Julu

anno ^^|

supradicto

De Johanne vander Weyde pro vii molaribus val

^^1

£iiii xiii s. im d.

^^1

îtam îiî lastiâ quemestonys vaL xxiii s, iiii d.

item xii mustardquemesUmys val. xiii s. iiii d.

^^1

item ii lastis hondstonys val. xliii s. iiii d.

^^^1

Summa £viii xiii s. iiii d. cost, ii s. ii d. ^^^^|

De Johanoe Westfalyng' pro xii molaribus val. £vii

cust.

sdd. ^H

Summa bonomm £xv xiii s, iiii d, cust. iii s

Na\Î5 Johannis Dabertyne applicans ibidem xxi die JuIii

anno ^^|

supradicto

■

De eodem Johamie pro i lasta osmondi val. c s.

■

item c waynscot val. vi s. viii d.

■

Summa c vi s. viii d. cust.

xvid. ^m

Summa bonomm patet cust.

patet ^f

Navis Johannes Brounesbergfa' applicans ibidem sdi àk

; Juiii ^H

amio supradicto

De eodem pro i lasta osmondi val. £iiii xvî s. viii d.

item i lasta cinenma val. xvi s. viii d.

Summa c xiii s. iiii d. cust, xvii d. |

De Johaime Ribergh' pro i lasta olei val £vi adii s. iiii

■

item i lasta osmondi val. £iiii xvî s, \iii d.

item chalonyerae vaL xxxiii s. iiii d.

item X centener' vitri val. xxvi s. viii d.

■

item iiii tymbriis opens nibei val. xx s.

■

item c bunches Uni val. c \i s. viii d.

■

item lewent vaL xiii s. iiii d.

■

Summa £xxi x s, cust. v s. îîii (

De eodem pro ii quintallis et di. cere cust. ii s.

De Lambright Scolde pro i lasta picis vaL xiii s. iiii d.

item chalonyeme vaL xiii s. iiii d.

Summa xxvi s. \dii d. cust.

iiiid. ^^H

De Amaldo Rotenbergh^ pro ii lastis pids et bitumims val. ^^H

xxvi s. viii d.

item di. lasta osmondi val. xlviii s. viii d.

442

item mi barelHs beere vaL viii s. iiii d.
item lino vaL x s.

Simuna £iiii xiii s. viii d. cust xiiii d*

De eodem Amaldo pro di, quiniallo cere cust. vi d.

De Ingelbright Sesen pro i lasta pids et bîtummîs val. x s.
item i lasta osmondi vaL £iiii xvi s. viii d,
item moldys val, v s.

Smmna c xi s. viii d. cust xvî d, ob, q.

Smmna bononmi £xxxviii xv s, iiiî d»

cust. îx s. viii d. q,

Summa cere iii quîntallî cust, îîi s,

Navis Henrid Cunst applîcajis ibidem viii die Augusti anno

supradicto

De Jacobo Snycop' pro ix barellis osmondi vaL bcvi s. viii d*

item XXX pétris lini val. xli s. vîiî d.

Summa c viii s. iiiî d. cust. xvi d, q.

De Henrico Honemao pro v pétris chalonyeme val, vî s.
item di. c fili val. îi s,

Summa viii s. cust, î d. q.

De magistro supradicto pro î lasta bituminis vaL x s.
item i lasta osmondi val» £iiii xiii s. Lui d.

Summa c iii s, iiii d, cust» xv d. ob,

Sunmia bonorum £x xtx s, viii d. cust, iî s. îx d.

Navis Hermani Scof^ applicans ibidem viii die Augusti anno

supradicto

De eodem Hermano pro i barello osmondi val. vi s. viii d,

cust. îd.
De Edgardo Scof pro viiî pétris lini val. xin s. iiii d.
item iii lastîs pîds et bituminis vaL xxxiiii s.
item ii barellis beere val. v s.

Summa Iii s, iiii d. cust. vîi d. ob. q.

Summa bonorum lix s. cust. viii d. ob. q.

Navis Tidman Dortwand' applicans ibidem viii dîe Augusti

arnio supradicto

De eodem Tidman pro i barello oleî val. x s.

item viii barellis osmondi val. bd s. viii d»

item c moldys val, vî s. viii d.

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

443

item X delys val. iii s. iiii d.

Summa £iiii xx d. cust. xîî d. q.

De Johaime Waker pro c moldys vaL vi s, viii d.

item ii pokys farine vah \i s. viii d.

SumiBa xiii s. iiii d. cust. îi d,

Summa bonomm fiiii xv s. cust, xiiii d. q.

Navis Jacobi Leuesawe applicans ibidem xiiii die August! amio
supradicto
De eodem Jacobo pro iii lastis cinerum vaL Ix s,
item i lasta farine val xl s.

Summa c s. cust. xv d.

De Johanne Scouberd* pro v lastis picis et bituminis val. 1 s.

cust. vii d. ob.
Summa bononmi £vîî x s. cust, xxii d, ob.

Navis Johannis Dortwand' applicans ibidem x\ii die Augusti
anno supradicto
De eodem pro viii barellis bituminis val. viii s. iiii d.
item di, lasta osmondi val. 1 s.

Summa Iviii s. iiii d. cust. viii d. ob. q.

Summa bonomm patet cust. patet

Navis Bemardi Dirikson' applicans ibidem xxiiii die Augusti
anno supradicto
De eodem pro i ferend* de sturgeon' val. vi s, viii d.
item xxxvi ulnis panni linei et calab[e| val. xxvi s. viii d.

Summa xxxiii s. iiii d. cust. v d.

De Henrico Lof pro x motaribus vaL £vi xiii s. iiii d.

item viii lastis quemestonys et hundstonys val. Ixxiii s. iiii d.

Summa £x vi s. viii d. cust. ii s. vii d.

Summa bonomm £xii cust. iii s.

Navis Amaldi Peresson' applicans ibidem xxiiii die Augusti
anno supradicto
De eodem Araaldo pro xiiii pileis de beever[e] val, xiiii s.

cust, ii d.
De Henrico Peresson' pro mmmm bunches alliomm vai. £xx

cust v s.
Summa bonomm £xx xiiii s. cust. v s. ii d.

444 ^^^ EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Navis Johanms Smyth' applicaos ibidem xriiii die August!
anno supradicto
De eodem Joharme pro mm iiii*^ bunches aUiomm val. £xmi

cust. iii s, vi d.
Summa bonorum patet cust, patet

Navîs Martim Peresson* applicans ibidem xxvi die Augusti
anno supradicto
De Waltero Huyt pro mmd bunches allionim vaL £xv

cust. iii s. ixd.
Summa bonorum patet cust. patet

Navis Johannis Peresson* applicans ibidem xxvi die Augusti
anno supradicto
De Petro Renge pro mm ix^ bunches alliomm val. £xx
item iiii parvis pedis panm linei (?) val. viii s.

Summa £xx viii s, cust. v s. i d. q.

Summa bonorum patet cust. patet

Navis Petri Bast applicans ibidem xxvii die Augusti anno
supradicto
De Petro Hsmson' pro iii parvis pedis panni linei val, vîîî s.

cust. i d. q.

De Johanne Hughson* pro mm bunches aUiorum val* £xiii

vi s. \iii d. cust, iii s, iiii d.

Summa bonorum £xiii xiiii s. viii d. cust. iii s. v d. q.

Navis Jacobi Hundesson' applicans ibidem ultimo die Augusd
anno supradicto
De eodem Jacobo pro di. lasta osmondi val. xlviii s.
item di. c bunches alUormn vaL v s.
item V barellis pids vaL x s.
item xuO barellis onyons val. x s. iiii d.

Summa Ixxiii s. iiii d. cust. xî d,

Summa bonorum patet cust. patet

Navis Tostyn Williamson* applicans ibidem ii die Septembris

anno supradicto
De eodem pro sparrys val. c s.
item VÎ dacre clippyng' val vi s.
item \ii tymbriis opens rubei vaL xxi s.

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

445

cust. xxi d. q.

cust. iu d. ob.

cust, vîîi d.
cust. ÎÎ s, viii d. ob.

cust. £vi xiiii s, q*

item [ ] * bareilis olei val. xiii s. liiî d

SumiBa £vii îiîi d.
De ... »

item iiii dacris clippyng' val. iiîî s.
item iiî tymbriis opens nibei val, ix s.
item i barello cum cork' val. îii s.

Summa xxii s. viii d.
De Mallard' Howardesson' pro vii tymbriis opens rubei val,

xxi s,
item ii bareilis osmondi val viii s.
item xvi dacris clippyng' val. xvi s.
item viii duodenis plankys val, viii s*

Summa Iiii s,

Summa bonorum £x xvi s.

Summa totalis istius rotuli:
valor £d xxxv xv s. ii d.
quintalli cere -vdi quintalli i quarterium cust, vii s, iii d,

Summa recepte £vii xv d. q.

Navis Ade Outlawe vocata Holigost de Lyiine exiens ibidem
xii die Maii amio supradicto
De Thoma Waterden' indigena pro ix peciis panni lati et iiii
pedis parnii strict[i] in i fardello que faciunt v pamios dL

cust. vi s. V d.
De eodem Thoma pro ix worsted' in eodem fardello

cust. ix d.

De Ricardo Tliweyt indigena pro xii pecns panni de vi

quarteriis vu peciis panni lati xlv peciis panni strict! in ii

pynnokys que faciunt xv^ pannos di. cust. xxi s. vii d.

De Johanne Wesenham indigena pro xv peciis pamii lati in i

fardello que faciunt vii pannos di. cust. viii s. k d.

De Adam Outlawe supradicto indigena pro i panno in i

pynnok' cust. xiiu d.

De Thoma Ploket indigena pro xii pedis panni lati viii peciis

panni strict! in i fardello quae faciunt vii pamios di.

cust. viii s. ix d.
De eodem Thoma pro i worsted' in eodem fardello cust. i d.

1 Illegible.

446 TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Roberto Waterden* îndigena pro xxiii pedis panni lati xx
peciis panni strkti de iii quarterns vocati damdok' m
pecîîs panni strict! in ii fardellis que faciunt xvii pannos di.

cust. XX s, V d.
De eodem Roberto pro vi worsted' in eisdem fardellis

cust. vi d.
Summa panni ad xiiiî d. \vn panni di. cust, Ixvii s. i d.
Summa de worsted ad i d. xvi cust. x\n à.

Navis Tidman Coiner' vocata George de Danzîk' exiens ibidem
xii die Maii anno supradicto
De eodem de Hansa pro xx pedis panni lati xlii peciis panni
strict! vocati damdok' in ii fardellis que fadunt xviii
pannos cust, xviii s.

De Thoma Waterden* indigena pro xii peciis panni lad x
peciis panni stricti in u pynnok* que fadunt viii pannos

cust, ix s. iiii d.
De eodem Thoma pro xxv worsted' in eisdem pynnokys

cust. ii s, i d.
De Johanne Wesenham indigena pro xxx peciis panni stricti
vocati damdokys que fadunt vi pannos in i fardello

cust, vii s.
De eodem Johanne pro viii worsted' m eodem fardello

cust, viii d.
De Edmundo Belleyetter' indigena pro xl pedis panni lati in
ii fardellis que faciunt xx pannos cust. xxiii s, iiii d.

De eodem Edmundo pro x worskdys in eisdem fardellis

cust, X d.

De Thoma Ploket indigena pro xii pedis parmi de vi quar-

teriis V peciis panni stricti sine grano in i fardello que

fadunt vi pannos cust. vii s.

De Thoma Baldeswell' indigena pro ii pecîîs panni lati xxix

pedis parmi stricti sine grano in i fardello que fadunt vii

pannos cust, viii s. ii d.

De Waltero Vrry indigena pro viii pedis panni lati iii pedis

panni stricti sine grano in i pynnok* que fadunt iiii

pannos di. cust. v s. iii d.

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

De eodem Waltero pro vi worstedys in eodem pynnok'

cust. vi d.
Summa panni ad xii d. rvdii panni cust. xvîiï s.

Summa pannî ad xiiii d. li panni dî. cust, Ix s. î d.

Summa worsted' ad i d* xlix cust. iiii s. i d.

Navis Petri Adam vocata Christofore de Danzik' exiens

ibidem xiii die Mali anno supradicto
De eodem de Hansa pro x peciis pamil lati Anglie sine grano
in i fardello que faciunt v pannos cust. v s.

Summa pamii ad xii d. patet cust. patet

Navis Robert! Saundre vocata Welefare de Lerma exiens

ibidem xviii die Mali anno supradicto

De Johanne Wace' indigena pro xxiiii peciis panni strictî

vocati damdok' sine grano in î fardello que faciunt iiii

pannos di. cust, v s. iii d.

De eodem Johanne pro î worsted' in eodem fardello

cust, î d.

De Johanne W>Titworth* indigena pro xxx peciis panni strictî

de damdok' sine grano in î fardello que faciunt vi pannos

cust. vii s.
Summa panni ad xiiii d. x panni di, cust, xii s. iii d.
Summa worsted' ad i d. patet cust, patet

Navis Amaldi van Tilight vocata Mary de Danzik' applicans ^
ibidem xx die Mali anno supradicto

De eodem de Hansa pro xxx peciis panni lati xlli peciis panni
strict! vocati damdok' sine grano in ii fardellis que faciunt
xxiii pannos cust. xxiii s.

De Johanne Lancowe de Hansa pro vii peciis panni lati xxxiî
pedis panni de damdok' sine grano in i fardello que
faciunt ix pannos di. cust, Lx s. vi d.

De Thoma Methewold' indigena pro ix peciis panni lati xxii
pedis panni stricti vocati damdok' xii peciis panni albi
stricti sine grano in i grano que fadunt xii pannos in i
fardello cust, xiiii s.

^ Evidendy thts should be exiens.

448

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johaime Brandon^ indîgena pro xi pedis panni lati vîiî
pedis paniu stricti in i fardello que fadiint \di pannos di.

cust, viii s. ix d.
Summa panni ad xii d. xxxii panni di.

cust* xxxii s. vi d.

Summa panni ad xiiii d. xix panni di. cust. xxîî s. îx d.

Navîs Elfridî de Brème vocata George de Roterdam exiens

ibidem xx die Maii anno supradicto

De Johanne Brandon' indigena pro xi peciis panni de vî

quarteriîs xl\î peciis panni stricti de iii quarteriis vocatî

damdok' sine grano in ii fardellis que facîunt xiiîi pannos et

i quarterium cust. xvi s. viî d. ob,

Summa panni ad xîiii d. patet cust. patet

Navîs Benedicti May vocata Godefare de Lenna exiens ibidem

xxiiii die Maii anno supradicto

De Johanne Paxman indigena pro xlîi peciis panni stricti

vocati damdok' sine grano in i fardello que fadimt viii

pannos cust. ix s. îiiî d.

De Johanne Lakynghithe indigena pro xx peciis panni de vi

quarteriis xv pedis panni stricti vocati damdok' sine grano

in i fardello que fadunt xi pannos cust, xii s. x d.

Summa panni ad xiiii d. xix panni cust, xxii s. ii d.

Navis Willelmi Blakeney vocata Trinité de Lenna exiens

ibidem xviû die Junii anno supradicto

De eodem Willelmo indigena pro iî pedis parmi lati Anglie

sine grano que facîunt i pannum cust. xiiii d.

Summa panni ad xiiii d. patet cust. patet

Navîs Olaui Henrikson' vocata Sein tolof * de Berne exiens ibidon

xii die Julii anno regni Regis Ricardi Secundi \^cesimo

De Johanne Flemyng* aliengena pro î peda panni lad iî peciis

panni stricti sine grano in i pynnok' que fadunt i paimum

cust. ii s. ix d.
De eodem Johanne pro ii worsted* in eodem pynnok*

cust. iii d.
De Johanne Brandon^ indigena pro xvi peciis panni lati
Anglie sine grano in ii pyimok' que fadunt viii pannos

cust. ix s. iiii d.

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

449

Summa pannî ad xxi et xii d. patet cust. patet

Summa panni ad xiiii d. patet cust. patet

Somma worsted' ad i d, ob. patet cust. patet

Navis Thome Jekson* vocata Grace Dieu de Novo Castello

exiens ibidem xiii die Jiilii amio supradicto

De Thoma Baldeswell' indigena pro ii pedis panni lati v

peciis panni stricti sine grano in i fardello que fadunt ii

panxios cust. ii s. iiii d.

Summa panni ad xiiii d. patet cust- patet

Navis Johannis Horsman vocata Mariknight de Brème exiens

ibidem xiiii die Julii anno supradicto

De eodem de Hansa pro xxii peciis damdok' xi pedis panni

albi et russeti stricti sine grano in î fardello que fadunt vi

pannos di* cust vi s, vi d.

De Henrico Went de Hansa pro xxi pedis panni stricti vocati

damdok' ix pedis panni albi stricti ii pedis panni russeti

stricti sine grano in i fardello que fadunt vii pannos

cust. vii s.

De Bronyng' van Bastell' de Hansa pro xix pedis panni albi

stricti xiiii pedis paimi stricti vocati damdok' xi pedis

russeti stricti sine grano in i fardello que fadunt xvi pannos

cust. xvi s.
De Henrico Stang' de Hansa pro xxix pedis panni stricti
vocati damdok' xi pedis panni stricti sine grano in i far-
dello que fadunt vUi parmos cust. viii s*
De eodem Henrico pro x worsted' in eodem fardello

cust. XV d.
De Radulfo Burdslo de Hansa pro xlii peciis panni stricti
vocati damdok* xviii peciis panni albi et russeti stricti in i
fardello sine grano que fadunt xii pannos et di.

cust. xii s. vi d.
De Johanne Scorehare de Hansa pro xliî peciis panni stricti
de iii quarteriis vocati damdok' xii peciis panni albi et
russeti stricti in ii fardellis que fadunt xviii pannos

cust, xviii s.
Dc eodem Johanne pro xH worsted' in eisdem fardellis^

cust. xviii d.

450

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Gysk' Honyng' de Hansa pro ix pedis panni albi et
nisseti strict! xxiiii pedis damdok' in i fardello que fadunt
vii pannos cust, vHi s.

De Frederico Bogh' de Hansa pro xlviii pecîîs damdok' xvi
pedis panni stricti albi in i fardello que faciunt xiii
pannos ctist. xiii s.

De eodem Frederico pro î worsted* in eodem fardello

cust, i d. ob*
De Edwardo van Monden de Hansa pro xxix pedis panni
stricti vocati damdok' xi peciis panni stricti sine grano in i
fardello que faciunt ix pannos cust, ix s.

De Johanne Syren bergh' de Hansa pro î pecia panni lati xviii
peciis panni stricti vocati damdok' xii peciis panni albi et
russeti stricti sine grano in i fardello que faciunt \âi pannos

cust. vii s.

De Johanne Rode de Hansa pro xxii peciis damdok* xi peciis

panni stricti sine grano in i fardello que fadunt vii pannos

cusL vii s.
Summa panni ad xii d. c xi panni cust, c xi s,

Summa worsted' ad î d. ob. xxiii oust, ii s. x d. ob.

Navis Johannis VanderhilF vocata Mary de Camfer exiens
ibidem xxiiii die Julii anno supradicto
De eodem Johanne pro cdi. pellibus vitulinis vaL xxviis.

cust, iiii d.

De Margareta Durdreght pro dc xx pellibus vitulinis vaL

c xiiii s. cust. xvii d.

De Johanne Brandon' indigena pro xiiii peciis panni stricti

xxvi peciis panni de vi quarteriis Anglie sine grano in ii

fardellis que faciunt xiii pannos et di. cust xv s. ix d.

Summa bonorum £vii xii d, cust. xxi d. q.

Summa panni ad xiiii d. patet cust. patet

Navis Johannis Bakker vocata Mary de Danzik' exiens ibidem

ultimo die Julii anno supradicto

De eodem de Hansa pro xx pedis panni lati de vî quarteriis

xxi pedis panni stricti sine grano in i fardello que faciunt

xii pannos i quarterium cust* xii s. iii d.

THE PETTY CUSTOM

4SI

De Wilielmo Banowe de Hansa pro v pecîis panni stricti sine
grano in i p>'Tinok' que fadunt i pannum i quarterium

cust. XV d.

Summa panti! ad xii d. xiii panni dî. cust. xîîî s. vi d.

Navis Johaiinis Bruce vocata Christofore de Danzik* exiens

ibidem ultimo die Julii aimo supradicto

De eodem de Hansa pro xxî pecîis parmi stricti vocad

damdok^ sine grano in i fardeilo que faciunt iiii pannos

oust, iiii s.

De Johanne Kenyiighale îndîgena pro k peciis panni de vi

quarterns i pecia panni stricti sine grano in î fardeilo que

faciunt iii pannos iii quarteria oust, iiii s. iiii d» ob.

De eodem Johanne pro i worsted' in eodem fardeilo cust, i d.

De Thoma Ploket indigena pro v peciis panni lati iiii peciis

panni stricti sine grano in î fardeilo que faciunt iii pannos

di, cust. iiii s, i d.

De eodem Thoma pro ii worsted' in eodem fardeilo cust. ii d.

De Johanne Wace indigena pro v peciis panni lati ii peciis

panni stricti sine grano in ii pynnok* que faciunt iii

pannos cust iii s. vi d.

De eodem Johanne pro vi worstedys in eisdem pynnokys

cust. vi d.

De Radulfo Bedjiigham indigena pro xii peciis panni de vi

quarteriis iii peciis panni stricti sine grano in ii fardellis

que faciunt v pannos îîî quarteria cust. \n s. viii d, ob*

De eodem Radulfo pro vi worsted* in eisdem fardellis

cust. vi d*

De Edwardo Belleyetter* indigena pro xii peciis panni de vî

quarterns sine grano in i fardeilo que faciunt v pannos

cust, vs. xd.

De Johanne Wyntworth' indigena pro viii pecîis panni de vi

quarteriis ii peciis stricti sine grano in i fardeilo que

faciunt iii pannos iii quarteria cust, iiii s. iiii d, ob.

Summa panni ad xii d. iiii panni cust. iiii s.

Summa panni ad xiiii d, xxiiîî panni iii quarteria

cust. xxviii s, x d. ob.
Summa worsted' ad î d. xv cust. xv d.

452

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Navis Lamberti Pruce vocata Magdaleoe de Danzik' exiens

ibidem x\^m die Augusti anno supradicto

De eodem Lamberto de Hansa pro xx\'ij pedis panni stricti

vocati damdok' xvi peciis panni albi et russeti stricti sine

grano in ii fardellis que faciunt ix pannos et i qtiarterium

cast, ix s. iii d.
Summa panni ad xii d, patet cust. patet'

{ 46. An accounl (contraUer^s) of the petty custom on chth
exported by denizens^ and an general merchandise exported
or imported by Hanse merchants or other aliens, Lendon,
2Ç September^ 1420 — 28 September, 1421,

The real nature of the petty custom is clearly seen in this
account. It included not only a large part of the new custom of
1303, with which it is often identified, but the cloth custom of
1347 to which denizens as well as aliens were liable. It should be
noted that in this, being a controller's account, the valuation only,
and not the custom, is recorded.

The date assigned to this account has been determined from
internal evidence. Ertmer Swart of Koln, one of the merchants
mentioned in the account, was actively engaged m trade with
London in the reign of Henry V.^ This suggests that the unspeci-
fied reign was Hen^^ V*s. Much more conclusive is the fact that
the controller, Richard Huchons, held office under Henry V.*
Other circumstances point to the same reign. The account is
said to extend from Michaelmas of the eighth year (of Henry V)
to the Michaelmas following, that is, 1420-1421,

The first part of this account deals only with exports, the
second part only with imports. Owing to the imperfect condition
of the latter part of the manuscript, the import section is not set
forth in full

This is the longest account printed in this work and one of the
most valuable, for it falls within a period about which we have

^ The rest of the account, muclk of which is iUegible, b here omitted.

* Hansischts Urkundenbuch^ vi, § 273 (30 Jan,, 1419-30), { 337 (3-7
ï43fo), S47Ç (4 Dec., 1422), i 491 (20 Jan., 1422-23),

* On 28 April, 14 1 S, Richard Huchons was appointed controller of the petty
cuBtom in the pon of London. Calendar ofFateni RoUs^ Hen, V, 1416-14321 p. 151.

I
I

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

453

comparatively little information; it includes a wide range of com-
modities» illustrates the trade of the chief English port, and
throws some light upon mercantile partnership. One might
di\^de the contents into three parts: the trade of denizens (cloth
exports); that of the Hanse merchants; and that of other aliens,
notably Italians. The two striking branches of commerce illus-
trated were, indeed, the Baltic-Hanseatic and the Mediterranean-
Venetian. In the case of the latter we find, separately recorded,
two large cargoes of goods imported in galleys coming in on the
same day, doubtless part of the Flanders fleet.

These galleys discharged costly cloths^ spices, drugs, sugar, dyes,
Venetian gold, carpets, and such exceptional articles as popinjays
and " seed for worms;" In other ships came the usual cargoes of
salt, woad, fur, fish, haberdashery , etc. Among the more unusual
commodities imported were cabbages (occurring with onions) ^fruit
(oranges and apples being specified), crude silk, compasses, dial
glasses, antimony, and soap. The importation of onion seed in
several lots — I have noted 5 totalling $i sacks and 3 bales — is
indicative of England's early efforts to supply herself with this
vegetable.

The chief exports were cloth, tin and tm wares, lead, skins,
small amounts of grain and victuals (cheese, butter, eggs, and
flesh) , a few spices, metal wares (daggers, basins, plates, buckles,
wire, and saucepans), and leather goods (bottles, buckets, bellows,
and probably belts and girdles). Among the few wares that can
be localized were Coventry girdles. But by long odds the most
important single article of manufacture was cloth, some of the
varieties of which are seen in the following Hst:

Pannus curtus sine grano

Pannus curtus sine grano in caligis
Pannus curtus de scarleta
Pannus largus
Pannus largus scarletus
Pannus largus de dimidio grano
Pannus largus sine grano
Pannus Wallie

454

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Pannus WalUe strictus

Pannus debilis

Pannus depictus

Worsted

Worsted simplex

Worsted de di. duplice

Worsted duplex

Sargia simplex

Sargîa simplex in curtinis lecti

Kersey sine grano

Frisîum panni Wallie

Canvas

Lectus duplex

Lectns simplex sarpe

Lectus simplex de sargia cum celoris et curtînîs

Lectus de sargia embroudata cum celoris et curtinis

Very little can be said about the shipping because of a lack of
défini teness in the account, WTiere the ships were owned, we are
not told. Judging from the names of the masters or the owners,
we may conclude, however, that they were pretty generally alien.
One vessel, the " General/* played an interesting, but not very
clear, part in the export trade, being entered 32 times, though
possibly not really making that number of trips. It may be, of
course, that it pHed regularly between London and some of the
nearby Continental ports. Why it is not also entered in the
import trade is not clear. Incidentally it may be noted in passing
that one of the shipmasters, or shipowners, is given a triple name,
Jacobus Petfus Joknsson^ not a very usual occurrence in these
documents.

A large number of partnerships is recorded, sixteen in aU,
fourteen of which were in the import trade. In some cases the
shipmaster was a copartner in a shipment, and in one case, a
poriagium, we find 104 copartners in a shipment of goods brought
in by a Venetian galley, to the value of roughly £510. The ship-
ment of the whole group, however, did not begin to equal that of
Francisco Balby in the same galley, which amounted to about

I
■

TBE PETTY CUSTOM 455

£2000. A clear case of a woman trader was that of Nell* Earth-
olomuxdoghter who sent or brought to England spicecakes and
'' pat>Tis.'^

The difficulties of transcription are unusually great in this docu-
ment, owing largely to the great number and exceptional brevity
of the abbreviations employed. For example " zz,*' is frequently
used for '' zinziber *' and ** m. b/* for ** magnis barellis/' as I take
it. Confusion reigns throughout the account, between the Latin
which is losing and the English whicli is gaining in the contest for
supremacy in ofl&dal records.

Rotulus Ricardi Huchon[sl contrarotulatoris parve custume
regis in portu Londonie et in singulis portubus et locis eidem
portui adiacentibus videlicet a festo Sancti Michaelis anno viii
usque festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens tempore Roberti
Coton' et Thome Denton* collectorum eiusdem parve custume
per idem tempus.*

[De bonis eductis:]

In na\i General* iiu die Octobris anno viii

fDe Alfrido van Dome Hansa ^ pro iii balis cum liiii pannis di.
iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Albryghto Lyghtbequer' Hansa pro ii balis cima xl pannis
curtis sine grano
De Roberto Barry indigena pro i bala cum xx pannis curtis
sine grano
De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro i bala cum xîî parmîs dî.
iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro i pecia worsted* de di.
duplice pr. x s*
De Henrico van Myndene Hansa pro ii baEs cum xxxiiii
pannis di, iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne BrekyÛ* indigena pro i bala cum xxi pannis curtis
sine grano
De Johanne Dasse Hansa pro ii balis cum xl pannis curtis
sine grano

^ MS,, R. 0„ K, R, Customs, 73/17-

" The foIJowmg words: Hansa, QÎknîgenûy and indigena in this account occur at
the end of the lines bul arc here placed immediately after the name of the merchant
in accordance with the general custom.

4S6

TBE EARLY ENGL! SB CUSTOMS

In navi Court Deryk' vii die Octobris
De eodem alienigena pro i fardello cum viîî vergîs panni largî
sine grano
In navi General' x die Octobris
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro ii baiis cum xxxiiii pannis di.
Curtis sine grano
In navi Matys Sak* eodem die

De eodem alienigena pro \iii vergis paimi largî sine grano
In navi Michaeli[s] Scofe eodem die
De Nicholao Scrother Hansa pro iiii vergis panni largî sine
grano
In na\i Willelmi Traunte xi die Octobris
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro i sake cum ii pannis curtis sine
grano et pro î barello cum ii^ di. vasorum stanneorum pr,
£iii \i s* viii d.
In navi Peregriny Batman' xiîîi die Octobris
De Stephano Tumebon' alienigena pro î canvas cum di.
panno oirto sine grano
In navi Elis Mongeham eodem die

De Francisco Balby pro ix balis cum ix^ pellium agninarum
passarum pr, £bdii
In navi Comelii Ortyssoii eodem die
De Pancrasio Johnsson alienigena pro di. panno vi vergis
curto sine grano
In [navi] Nicholai Perkyn eodem die

De Godyn de He\dne pro ix barellis cum v" xii libris cupri
rubei i rolla panni frisii Wallie x pariis uterpbusj de corio
pr. £xxxiiii
In na\â Henrici Bodier' xvii die Octobris
De Thoma Rothe indigena pro i panno ii vergis curto de
scarleta et pro î panno curto de dimidio grano
In na\d Henrici Gylesson eodem die
De Nicholao Gyrdeler' alienigena pro ii barelUs cum ii pannis
X vergis curtis sine grano et pro vi^ libris vasorum stan-
neorum et v dossenis pellium vitulinarum tannatarum et
corionmi pr. £viii x s.

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

457

De Clais Williamsson alienigena pro î pânno curto sine grano
et pro M pellibus vitulinis pr. £vm xx d.

In navi Petri Menxsson xx\'iii die Octobris
De Gerardo Haye pro ii fardelUs cum \i^ pellibus vitulmîs

cnidis pr. £mi vi s. viii d.
De dicto magîstro pro ii*^ i libris vasomm stanneorum pr,

liii s. iiii d.
De Petro Cole alienigena pro î pîpa cum îîî pannîs vî vergîs

curtîs sine grano et pro ii*^ pellibus cuniculorum cmdîs stage

vî libris vasonim stanneomm et i barello cum iii*" pîrorum

pr. riii s. iiîi d.
De Poulo Deryksson alienigena pro di, panno curto sine

grano et pro i barello cum vi"^ Mbris vasorum stanneomm

pr. £viii

In navî Bemardî Brallelsthorpe xxx die Octobris
De Henrico van Myndene Hansa pro i fardello cum vi pannis
curtis sine grano

In navi Jacobi Cambyan* ultimo die Octobris

De Laurens' de Platea alienigena pro xi balis xvii fardellis
îiii buttîs i pipa cum c xl\î pannis dî. iiii vergis curtis sine
grano et pro v pannis curtis de scarleta et pro ii pannis vi
vergîs curtîs de dimidio grano et pro iii*" iîi caseîs xxiiii
dossenis di. pellium \îtulinarum tannatarum i barello cum
îiîi^ libris vasorum stanneorum ciii doliis in buttis et
pipis vacuis et ruptis pr, £xviii xviii s. iiii d.

De Laurentîo Pemesyn aiïenigena pro i bala i fardello cum
xii pannis di. curtis sine grano et pro iii pannis dî, vi vergis
curtîs de scarleta

De Antonio Boloyne pro xxx togis veteribus pr, £iiii

De Nicholao John' alienigena pro iî balis cum xxxiii pannis
vi vergîs curtis sine grano

De Roberto Shadde indigena pro i fardello cum i panno curto
sine grano

De Francisco Balby alienigena pro xi balis i fardeEo cum
Ixxiiii pannis di. vî vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii pannis
curtis de scarleta et pro iîi" pellium agninarum passarum

458

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

i bala alymfoyir et n barelMs cum ix*^ i qr. vasorum stan-

neorum pr* £xxxili iii s. Oil d.
De Joharme Deston' indigena pro i fardello cum i pamio di,

iiii vergis curto sine grano
De Gobeir Clusner' Hansa pro iiii barelUs cum i panno di.

curto sine grano et pro ii pannis di, vi vergis curtis sine

grano in caligis et pro v^ libris vasorum staimeorum v*^

stanrn schoteo et v^ libris plumbi pr, £KÎii xvi s, vui d.
De Bartholomeo Valeresson alîenigena pro i fardello cum i

panno vi vergis curto sine grano et pro uno pamio vi vergis

panni curti de dimidio grano et pro ii pamiis di. vi vergis

curtis de scarleta
De dicto magistro pro ii dstis cmn i pelve î lavacro de

lat[one] iii grossis points i dossena bursanmi i dossena

pariamm cirotecarum et v-iii cappis pr. xJ\d s. viii d.
De Herman Slugg* Hansa pro i cista cum i panno di. vi vergis

curto sine grano in caligis
In navi Olardi Heynsson xii die Novembris
De Johanne Pake indigena pro i bala cum xxiiii pannis viii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Ricardo Bridbrok' indigena pro i bala cum xU pannis di.

curtis sine grano
De Johanne Stacy alienigena pro ii barellis cum ii pannis

curtis sine grano et pro c libris vasorum stanneonim pr.

xxvi s. viii d.
De Luca Lender* pro i doUo î poka i barello cum c Ix petrb

thrommez vi*^ libris stanni schoten et extra i vaga et iiii

pétris caseî pr, £xii
De Johanne Salmer pro ii barellis cum xif^ libris vasorum

stanneonim pr, £xvi
De Henrico Petersson alienigena pro i fardello i cak* cum i

panno vi vergis curto sine grano et pro xx libris fill lanei

continentibus viii vergas panni largi sine grano et pro xl

libris thrommez et vîîi bussh[ellis] pisarum pr. x s.
In nsLvi Johannis Prang* xx die Novembris
De Roberto Barry indigena pro i bala cum xx pannis di, iiii

vergis curtis sine grano

THE PETTY CUSTOM

459

De Alfrido van Dom* Hansa pro vii balis cum c xx paiinis vi

vergis curtis sine grano et pro îîîi barellis cum xxii pottis

starmi xii cand[elabris] iiii salers* iîîî lavacris de latone ii^

libris vasor[um] stamieorum xii caseis ix copertoriis parvis

Eboraci pr. £vi et pro xii quisshonz de tapser' contineflt*

vi vergas pamii largi sine grano
De dîcto magîstro Hansa pro ii balis cum xl pannis curtis sine

grano
De Albrighto Lyghtbequer' Hansa pro ii balis i fardello cum

li pannis curtis sine grano
De Herman Slaghowe Hansa pro ii balis cum xl pannis curtis

sine grano
De Johanne ReynewelF indigena pro ii balis cum xx pannis

di. curtis sine grano
De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro i bala cum xvi pannis curtis

sine grano
De Ertmer Swart et Johanne Retard' Hansa pro iiii balis

cum Ixv pannis di. x vergis curtis sine grano et pro vi peciis

worsted' duplic' pr. £iii x s.
De Henrico van M>ndene Hansa pro î fardeUo cum viii

pannis di. curtis sine grano

In navi Thomae Wiceton' xxi die Novembris
De Johanne Knyght' indigena pro dL panno viii vergis cnrto
sine grano

In navi GeneraF xxiii die Novembris

De Godfrey Hommode alienigena pro i fate i bala cum xix
pannis di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro c iiii" libris
fili lanei continentibus iii pannos curtos sine grano et pro
ii peciis worsted' dnplic' pr. xl s. et pro predictis ii peciis
worsted* duplic' continentibus iii pecias worsted' duplic'

De Johanne Rotard* Hansa pro ii balis cum xxx ix pannis
curtis sine grano

De Henrico Hod' alienigena pro i poka cum i panno curto
sine grano et pro iii vagis et iii pétris thrommez pr. xiv s.

In navi Adryan Bulscamp' x die Decembris
De Nicholao Claisson pro i barello i fat cum v^ libris vasorum

460 TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

starnieonim xv*^ peUibus oiniculorum stage pr, £x viii s.

iiiid.
De Johanne Chyntyng* mdîgena pro i bala cum xi pannis di*

iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Jacobo Scr>^er' alienigena pro ii ball's i fardello cum iiii

pamiis curds sine grano et pro x*^ pellJbus vitulînîs crudis

pr. £vui
De dicto magistro alleBigena pro di. panno vî vergis curto

sine grano
In navi Johannis Tumey eodem die
De Petro Jacobsson alienigena pro i barello cum vi^ pirorum

di. c vasarum stanneomm xxiiii pellibos cuniculomm

crudis pr. xvi s. viii d. et pro i toga et ii pariis caligar[um]

continent' v vergas panni largi sine grano
De Martyn Alfomis pro i pipa pirorum pr. iii s. iiii d.
De Isebrand' Segr' alienigena pro î sacco cum i panno et viii

vergis curto sine grano in caligis et pro x libris vasorum

stanneomm pr. iii s. iiii d.
In navi Generar xii die Decembris
De Johanne Potte Hansa pro iii balls cum Iiii pannis curtis

sine grano
De Johanne Couper alienigena pro ii balis cum xvii pannis di.

iii vergis curtis sine grano et pro iii^ peUibus agninis

debilibus c pellibus vitidinis crudis et ii barellis ii pokls ii

balis cum v^ pellibus cuniculorum stage Ixiii libris vasorum

stanneomm veterum v dossenis comuum ii vagis casei v

vagis iii pétris thrommez xiO^ di. pellibus vîtulinîs crudis i

dossena pannorum strictonim Wallie et iiii barellis cum

diversis camibus pr. £xxi xviii s, iiii d.
De Barbara Warsynbergh' alienigena pro i cista cum i panno

di. V vergis curto sine grano et pro i poka cum v vagis et ii

pétris thrommez pn £iii x s.
De Johanne Tjoidale indigena pro i bsila cum xvii pannis di.

viii vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Adryan Baysson xv die Decembris
De Johanne Kebyir indigena pro i fardello cum i panno viii

vergis curto sine grano

I
I

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

461

De Jacobo Scr>^'er' alîenîgena pro i sacco i poka cum i panno

curto sine grano et pro ix vagis thrommez xlii pellibus

ainiculonim pr. £vî vî s. viii d.
De Petro Laurens pro ii barellis cum xîi'^ lîbrîs vasonim

stanneorum pr. £xvi
De dicto magistro pro 1 batelle calc' pr. x s*
In navi Nicholai Waghtersson eodem die

De eodem pro i barello cum v*^ di. vasorum stanneorum c dL

parvis peciis de ven tribus bovinis pr. £ix
De Willelmo Lynne indigena pro i fardello cum v pannis viii

vergis curtis sine grano et pro iiii peciis sargie simplicis
In navi Levyn Holander' eodem die
De Poulo Melan* alienigena pro i dolio i rond* i sacco cum iii

pannis \âii vergis curtis sine grano et pro xvi^ pellibus

cimiculorum stage et seson Hibemie xii libris vasorum

stanneorum vi grossis points viii dossenis lasyngpo3mts ii

pellibus ovinis rubeis et i caseo parv^o pr. £v xvi s, viii d.
De Johanne de Marconovo pro i barello capris pr. vi s. viii d.
De Francisco Balby pro ii balis cum ii^ xvi peciis sargie

simplicis i pecia panni Wallie xii bagges de aloe patic[i ?]

et garbelo[ris] et i pipa cum diversis garbelo[ris] pr,

£xxxiii vi s. viii d. et pro predictis ii*^ x\i peciis sargie

simplicis
De Matheo van Derleke alienigena pro i cista cum i parmo

\âii vergis curto sine grano et pro ii grossis points pr, iii s.

iiii d.
In navi Johannis Varlett* xviii die Decembris

De Johanne Knyght' pro xl caseis Flandrie pr, vi s. viii d.
In na\i General' xix die Decembris

De Johanne Potte Hansa pro i bala i fardello cum xxiii pannis

\iii vergis curtis sine grano
De Colon' van Sj-pris pro i fardello cum iiii furr[is] pellium

cuniculorum xxi grossis points ii dossenis cornuum et iiii

dossenis pellimn de roo pr* £iiî
In navi Johannis Welle iii die Januarii
De Humfrido Whatman' indigena pro i fardello cum vii

pannis iiii vergis curtis sine grano

462

TBE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

De Lodowico Wedynghous pro i bala cum viii'^ pelHbus

agninis passis refus* pr, £iiii
De Simone Bollard' alienigena pro vi vergis panni largi sine

grano
In navi GeneraF iiii die Januarii
De Petromlla Jorys alienigena pro i barello i rond' i cista et

iii saccis cum di. paiino iiii vergis cur to sine grano et pro

xviii*^ libris vasorum stanneorum iiii" pétris pimnbi

debilis scaldyd c libris vasorum stanneorum et di.^ pellibus

cuniculorum stage pr. £xxvii
In navi Henrici Williamsson xvi die Januarii

De Betram' Cleherst Hansa pro i fardello cum \î!^ di. et viiî

vergis curtis sine grano
De Philippe Albert pro i barelJo cum iiii*^iii qr. xxi libris

vasorum stanneorum i pelve i lavacro et vi cand[elabris| de

la[tone] pr. £vii vi s. viii d.
De Heyneraanno Hankynbergh* Hansa pro i fardello cum vi

pannis di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro i barello cum

iii^ di. vasorum stanneorum pr. £iiii vi s. viii d.
De Nicholao Gyrdeler^ pro iii pîpis cum v quarteriis v bus-

shell[is] pisarum pr. xxiii s. iiii d.
De Johann e Dasse pro ii barellis cum x pedis worsted' de di,

duplice v dossenis candelarum sepi et iii barellis camibus

saisis pr. £vi
In navi GeBeral' xxx Januarii
De Albrfighto] van Andernake indigena pro iii balis cum Iv

pannis di, viii vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Johamiis Fayreday iii die Februarii
De Roberto Barry indigena pro i bala cum x pannis curtis

sine grano
De Ricardo Frank' indigena pro i fardello cum vi pannis

curtis sine grano
In navi Johamds Matysson vi die Februarii
De Albrighto van Andemake indigena pro i bala cum xvffi

pannis di. curtis sine grano
In navi General* eodem die
De Johanne Pott' Hansa pro ii balis cum xxxvi pannis di. x

I
I

TEE PETTY CUSTOM 463

vergîs Curtis sine grano et pro ii grossis points et di, c

vasorum staniieorum pr. xvi s. viii d.
De Johanne Knyghtkyn Hansa pro ii balis cum xJvii pannis

di, Curtis sine grano
In navi Thome Mart>Ti viii die Febmarii

De eodem alienigena pro i fardeUo cum iii pannis di, viii

vergis curtis sine grano et pro di, c plumbi pr, v s.
De Lodowico Yanus alienigena pro i cista cum di, panno vi

vergis curto sine grano et pro i lecto de sargia embroudat[a]

pr. xxvi s, viii d, et pro predicto i lecto de sargia embr[ou-

data] continente i lectum duplicem et pro ii peciis de sargia

simplice in curtinis dicti lecti
De Johanne AUonns* alienigena pro 1 cista cum di, panno

curto sine grano
De Roderigo Gromett' alienigena pro i dsta cmn 1 panno

curto sine grano
De Egidio Maryn[er] alienigena pro 1 fardello cum 1 panno vi

vergis curto sine grano et pro vi plates stanni pr. v s.
De Saluatore AUonns* alienigena pro i cista cum vi vergis

panni largi sine grano et pro iui ollis stanneis i sell^ pr. xi s.

viii d.
De Dig* Gromett' alienigena pro i cista cum di. panno curto

sine granno et pro xxiiii libris vasonim stamieorum et

xlii libris pîumbi pr. x s.
De Alfonso de Pase pro i dsta cum xxviii libris plumbi pr,

ii s. vi d.
De Andrea Gromett' alienigena pro i cista cum di. panno

curto sine grano
De Popyn Pays ah'enigena pro i cista cum vi vergis panni

largi sine grano
De Vasco Dom>Tig' alienigena pro ii pipis i bareUo cum \iîî

vergis panni largi sine grano et pro vii vergis panni largi de

scarleta et pro vi copertoriis de tapser* continentibus 1

pannum curtum sine grano et pro vi ollis ii uteribus de

corio iii lectis de sargia embroudata cum celoris et curtinis

xi peciis sargie simplicis ii*^ di. vasorum stanneorum et extra

ii cacabis ii patellis enn[is] xiiii pétris plumbi iiii aundyryns

464

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

vi lanciis et ii ollis starmeis pr. £xx x s. et pro predictis iii

lectis de sargia embroudata cum celons et curtîms conti-

nentîbus iiîi lectos duplices et pro predictis xi pedis sargîe

simpUcis et pro vil pedis sargie simplicis in curtînis dicti

lectî
In navi Lambe Taunt eodem dîe
De Wolfardo Alardesson pro îiî pipis i sacco pisarum et

fecch[es] pr. xxv s.
De Johanne Cantelowe îndigena pro i fardello aim îi pannis

di, et îiii vergis curtîs sine grano
In navT Gerardi Claisson eodem die
De eodem pro viii quarterîis pisarum et m beletts pr, lî s,

viii d.
De Gerbrand Heykesson pro iî barellîs cum xi*^ dî. vasorum

stanneorum pr. £xv vi s. \iii d.
In navi Petri Menxsson eodem die

De Jacobo Scr^naer alîenigena pro î fardello îî pîpîs cura iîi

pannis curtis sine grano et pro i chafor i parv^a patella

enn[a] iii^ dî. pellîbus cuniculorum seson et stage Hîberme

xlvî plates disshes et sausers stanni veter' xiii ollis stanneis

veteribus et i vaga di. thiommez pr. 1 s.
De Simone Seman' indigena pro i fardello cum i panno îiii

vergis curto sine grano
De Johanne Dasse Hansa pro to balls cum iiii** xviî pannis

dî. et îîîî vergis curtis sine grano et pro îiî lectîs de sargia

pr. £iii
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro î bala cum xxîiii panais curtîs

sine grano
De Johanne Peperlok* pro i barello cum îîi*= viii lîbrîs vasorum

stanneorum pr. £îîii iîî s. îiii d.
De Heynemanno Hankynbergh' Hansa pro i bala cum xviî

pannîs dî. \i vergis curtîs sine grano
De Johanne Potte Hansa pro i bala cum xviî pannîs curtîs

sine grano
In navi General* eodem dîe
De Alberto Yanus alîenigena pro î fardello îî hoggfeshedes]

î dsta cum xîî pannîs curtîs sine grano et pro ii bankers

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

46s

tapser^ continent' vi vergas panni largî sine grano et pro
xvii dossenis vi hurys xi grossis points iiii dossenis bur-
sarum de corio xv dossenis zonamm de corio vii peciis
worsted' de di. duplice ii peciis sargie simplicis xiii libris
lyor et f renges pro lecto c iiii" libris vasorum stanneomm
iîî pariis bêliez et extra ii ollis stanneis pr. £xîii xiii s. iiii d.
et pro predictis \ii peciis worsted^ de di, duplice et pro
predictis ii peciis sargie syinplicis et pro ii fardellis cum
viii pannis di. vi vergis curtis sine grano et pro iiii duo-
d[ems] vi vergis panni Wallie pr. xxiii s, iiii d.

De Laurentio Canale pro x peciis stanni pr. £xx xiii s. iiii d.

De Johanne de Marconouo alienigena pro v balis com iiii'^x
pannis curtis sine grano

De Gerardo Danitz pro be peciis stanni pr. £c xxviii xviii s.
iiiid.

De Lodowico Wedynghous Hansa pro ii balis i barello cum
xxvii pannis di, curtis sine grano et pro i panno curto de
scarleta et pro i pecia panni WalUe xii^ stanni schoten pr.
£xiii viii s. iiii d.

De Heynemanno Hankynbergh' pro v barellis ii hog-
g[eshedes] parv* cum xliiii^ stanni schoten pr. £xlvi

De Francisco Balby alienigena pro i fardello cum di. panno
îiî vergis curto sine grano

De Willehno Moreys indigena pro i fardello cum iii lectis de
sargia embroudata cum celoris continentibus iiii lectos
duplices et pro vi peciis sargie simplicis in curtinis dicti
lecti et pro Î fardello cum i panno di. curto sine grano
In navi Willelmi Johnsson eodem die

De Nicholao Gyrdeler alienigena pro v pipis ii barellis i sacco
cum i panno Iiî vergis curto sine grano et pro vi vergis
panni larp sine grano in caligis et pro ii^ libris vasorum
stanneorum iiii*^ libris stanni schoten ix quarteriis i
btisshello pisarum iiii^ pellibus cuniciilorum stage iii
chaforz de latone viii barellis pirorum et pomorum et vi
boketts de corio pr. £xi x s.
In navi Levyn Holander eodem die

De Poulo Melan* pro i doUo ii hogg[eshedes| cum xiiii^ di.

466

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

pellibus cimiculônim Hibemie seson xi*^ di. peUibus

cuBioiloniiii stage ii cadis sprotts xiiii furris pellium

agninanim et i pipa cum xi*^ pellibus stage et seson pr.

£xiui
De Ingylbr* van Harpus Hansa pro ii balis îîî barellis i dsta

cum xxxvii pannis cortis sine grano et pro v furris de

pellibus agnînis et cuniculonim ix grossis points iii lectis

Wjntonie is^ bbris vasomoi stanneonon pr. £xvâ \îs.

viii d.
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro iii barellis cum i panno di. x

vergis curto sine grano et pro x^ libris vasonmi stanneonmi

pr. £xiîi vi s. viii d.
Li navi Jose BurnelF eodem die

De eodem alienigena pro ii rollis teldorum et m beletts pr.

£iii iii s* iiii d. et pro \^i vergis parmi largi sine grano
In navi General* ix die Febmarii

De Nicholao Delfyan^ alienigena pro i cista cum \Î2 vergis

panni largi sine grano et pro v vergis panni largi scarleti et

pro x capptis] xxv Libris vasonim stanneorum \di chapelctts

pro pueris î dossena points iii bursis de corio et v zonis de

corio pr, xxvi s. viii d.
De Bartholomeo Valeresson pro v barellis parvis de ras-

[émis ?1 pr. xxy\ s. viii d.
De Vasco Damyngus alienigena pro i fardeOo cum iii panais

vi vergis curtis sine grano et pro i dsta cmn c librîs vasorum

stanneorum et iî ollis pr. xxvi s. viii d.
De Petro Alfonns' alienigena pro i bala i barello cum xiiîi

pannîs di. curtis sine grano et pro iiii^ libris vasorum

stanneorum et v grossis points pr. £vî
De Johanee Parys alienigena pro i frayello cum îîî pannis vi

vergis curtis sine grano
De Pero Domyng' alienigena pro î cista cum vi vergis panni

largî sine grano
In na\d Petri de Bayona xv die Februariî

De Alberto Laurens alienigena pro i cista cum vi vergis pannî

largi sine grano et pro ii copertoriis Wjntonie et c libris

vasorum stanneorum pr* xliii s. iiii d.

I
I

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

467

De dicto magistro pro î barello cum c di. xl libris vasorum

stanneorum et i parvo copertorio Wyntonie pr. £m
De Laurentio Yanus alîenîgena pro i cista cum di. paimo

curto sine grano et pro xxxii libris vasomm stanneorum

pr. viii s. iiii d.
De Alberto Alfonns' aiienigena pro i cista cum v vergis panni

largi sine grano et pro xl libris vasorum stanneorum pr,

xs.
De Johanne Martinus aiienigena pro 1 cista cum v vergis

panni largi sine grano
In navi Thome Alvo xvi die Februarii

De Johanne Wokk>Tigg' indigena pro i cista cum di. panno

viii vergis curto sine grano
In navi Petri Laurens xxvi die Februarii

De Johanne Pake indigena pro i fardello cum xiiii pannis iiii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Ergascon' indigena pro i bala cum xiiii pannis di.

îiîî vergis curtis sine grano
De Heynemanno Hank>nbergh' Hansa pro ii balis v barellis

cum xxxix i>annis viii vergis curtis sine grano et pro xxx^

stanni schoten et ii grossis points pr. £xxx
De Ricardo Bridbrok' indigena pro i fardello cum vi pannis

di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Lodowico Wedynghous pro i barello cum xii'^ libris stanni

schoten pr. £xii
De Denys Causton' indigena pro i bala cum x pannis iiii

vergis curtis sine grano et pro xx pecîîs worsted' de di,

duplice
In navi Willelmi Ale>Ti^ primo die Mardi
De Petro Richard* aiienigena pro ii fardellis cum xi pannis

curtis sine grano
In navi Johannis Copeman' eodem die
De eodem pro ii lastis \m barellis bituminis M clipclapp' pr.

£iiii XV s.
In navi Jacobî Southelyn' eodem die
De Johanne Masyn aiienigena pro vi vergis panni largi sine

grano

468

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi Gerardi Johnsson eodcm die
De Nicholao Johnsson pro xiiii*^ di, pellibus vitulînîs Scos[ie]

c pellibus \itulmis Anglie ii^ pellibus cuniculorum pr.

£îx vi s. vdii d.
In navi GeneraF vi die Mardi
De Henrico Wetynbek' Hansa pro i bala i fardello cum xxv

pannis curtis sine grano
De Albrighto Lyghtbcquer* Hansa pro iii balls cum Iv pannis

di, curtis sine grano
De Tydmanno Questynbergh' Hansa pro iiii balis cum iiii"

pannis curtis sine grano et pro i barello cum voi*^ di.

vasorum stanneorum pr. £lx x s.
De Lopo Alfonns' alienigena pro î dsta cum x vergis panni

largi sine grano et pro ii sellis novis pr, xx s.
De Gobeir Clusner Hansa pro i bala i pipa cum xix pannis

curtis sine grano et pro vii^ doion' pr, xx s.
De Willelmo Aston* indigena pro iiii balis cum li panais di.

curtis sine grano
De Heynemanno Hankynbergh' Hansa pro viii balis cum

c xliiii pafinis curtis sine grano
In navi Johannis Scolte viii die Marcii

De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro ii balis cum xxxix pannis di.

iii vergis curtis sine grano
De Hans' Dass* Hansa pro v balis cum iiii^'rvi pannis curtis

sine grano
De Bertram* Cleherst Hansa pro i bala ctun xvîîi pannis

curtis sine grano
De Tydman Questynbergh^ Hansa pro îîîî balîs cum Ixi

pannis viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Lodowico Wedynghous Hansa pro î bala cum vii pannis

di- iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro xviii parvis copcrtoriis

pr, £iii
De dicto magistro pro i cista cum iiii dossenis vi pariis

caligarum panni Wallie pr. xx s.
De Heyneman Hankynbergh* Hansa pro vii balis cum c xxii

pannis curtis sine grano et pro xxiiii dossenis pannorum

Wallie pr. £iiii xv s.

THE PETTY CUSTOM

469

In navi Johannis Bocher* eodem die
De Ricardo Jecok' indigena pro i fardello cum viii pannis vi

vergis curds sine grano
In navi Jacobi Claysson eodem die
De WiUelmo Cotysbrok' indigena pro i fardello cum v pannis

di, curtis sine grano
De WiUelmo Claysson alienigena pro i barello cum v vergis

panni largi sine grano et pro ii busshellis pisarum pr. xx d.
In navi General' eodem die
De Roberto Barry indigena pro v balls cum iiii** \^ pannis

curtis sine grano
De Lodowico Wedynghous Hansa pro î bala cum xix pannis

vi vergis curtis sine grano
De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro vii balls ii barellis i dsta

cum cxxv pannis di. curtis sine grano et pro iiii" peciis

worsted" duplic' xx peciis sargie simpHds v parvis

copertoriis Eboraci pr. £xxx vii x s.
De Herman Slaghowe Hansa pro v balls cum ilii** xv pannis

curtis sine grano
De Euerardo Freman Hansa pro iii balis cum lii pannis di.

curtis sine grano
De Johanne Brekyll' indigena pro v balis cum iiii" vii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Ricardo Barry indigena pro ii balls cum xxx pannis curtis

sine grano
De Roberto PeUican' indigena pro v balis cum llli» vii

pannis di* curtis sine grano
De Tydmanno Questynbergh' Hansa pro 1 bala cum xv

parmis iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro \iii vergis panni

largi sine grano in caligis
In navi Bet Rote ix die Marcii
De Walterot de Barde alienigena pro i fardello cum viii vergis

panni largi sine grano
De Laurens Crane alienigena pro di. panno curto sine grano
In navi Thome Castell' x die Marcii

De Jacobo Scry\'er alienigena pro i fat î poka cum iiil pannis

di. Iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro xii"^ pellibus cuni-

470

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

culorum cmdis debilibus xl pétris thronamez ii barelKs cum

x^ staimi schoten pr. £xiiii vi s. viji d.
De Poulo Melan' aUenigena pro ii balis cum xxxvi pannis

curtis sine grano
De Otte van Dome pro î pipa i bareilo com xuii*^ pellibus

cunioilorum stage et seson x dossenis comuum pr. £iiii
De Ricardo Somery indigena pro i bareilo cum îîî peciis

worsted^ duplic'
De Kater>Tia Wolfard' aUenigena pro i fardello aim viii

pannis di, curtis sine grano
De Willelmo Amoldesson pro i pipa cum xv^ pelUbus cuni-

culorum stage et seson xxiiii grossis points pr. £v x s.
De CoI>Ti van Cipris alicnigena pro i corfe cum viii vergis

panni largi sine grano et pro ii vergis panni largi sine grano

in caligis et pro v*^ xxx pelUbus agninis messis vU furrîs

pellium cuniculorum iii dossenis pellium ovinarum xv

rasors v dossenis forpicium et xviii [dossenis?] comuum

pr. £iii xv (?) s. vm (?) d.
De Christiana Combemaker* pro i poka i cista cum v va^

thrommez ii*^ di, pellibus cuniculorum crudis pr, £ii [ — ]s.*
De Willelmo Lynne indigena pro i bareilo cum di. panno iiii

vergis cur to sine grano
De Henrico Daberon* aUenigena pro i fardello cum îî pannis

viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Danyeir van Marowell' pro ii pokis cum viii vagis

thrommez pr, £v xiii s. [ 1 d.>

De Godfrey Martynsson pro iii pokis cum viii vagis throm-

mez pr. £v iii s. iiii d.
De Johanne Ergaston' aUenigena pro i bala cum xv panais

viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Pake indigena pro u balis cum xx pannis curtis

sine grano
De Waltero Cherchesey indigena pro viii baUs cum iiii*^ iiii

pannis curtis sine grano

* niegible.

■

THE PETTY CUSTOM

471

In navî Jacobi Sapp' xi die Marcu

De Petro Heykesson Hansa (?) pro î fardello cum vi panab
curtîs sine grano
In na\â Twyo Pass' eodem die

De eodem atienigena pro ix vergis paani largi sine grano et

pro iii quarterns vasomm staaneorum pr. [ Y

In navî General' eodem die

De Nicholao MaterjTi' atienigena pro ii barelHs cum ii paanls
di. vi vergis curtis sine grano et pro ix vergis panni largi
sine grano
De Henrico van Myndene Hansa pro i bala cum xix pannis

curtis sine grano
De Petro Clott' alienigena pro i barello cum 11^ libris vasomm
staaneorum pr. liii s. iîii d. et pro di, paimo ii vergis curto
siae grano
In na\i Lambe Taunt xii die Marcii

De Henrico van Hoppyn pro di. lasta cînenim pr. xv s.
In navî Thome Daunger' eodem die

De Bartholomeo Valeresson alienigena pro iii pipis cum v
vergis panni largi sine grano et pro iii*^ x libris garbelo[re]
piperis pr, xlv s.
De Tydmanno Questynbergh' pro viii barellis cum viii" ii*^

stanni schoten et xiiii^ libris vasomm stanneorum pr. £c
De Lodowico Wedynghous Hansa pro i barello cum iiii

pannis curtis sine grano
De Herman Bragh' pro iii barellis cum xvi*^ vasorum stan-

neomm et vi"^ stanni schoten pr. £xxvi iii s. iiii d.
De Ertmer Swart pro ii barellis cum xvi*^ vasorum stan-
neorum pr. £xx
In navî Johannis Coynoyt xiii die Marcii

De eodem pro xx quarteriis brasii iii hogg[eshedes] ii barellis i
sacco cum ii quarteriis di, frumenti x bussellis pisamm x
bussellis siUginis pr, £iiii x s.
In navi General* xxvi die Marcii
De Johanne Dasse Hansa pro vi balis cum c viii pannis curtis
sine grano

* Illegible,

472

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Heyneman Hankynbergh' Hansa pro i bala i fardello cum

XXV pajmis curtis sine grano
De Ricardo Fyssher ijidigena pro i fardello cum vu pannîs

curtis sine grano
De Joharme de Marconovo pro xxv peciis stanni pr. £luu vi s.

viiid.
De Wat' Rydeler' îndîgena pro ui balls cum Ix psumis curtis

sine grano
De Thoma Myddelton* îndîgena pro ii balls cum Ivi pannis

di, viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Wybrandesson pro î barello cum vi^ vasonun

stanncorum pr, £vii x s.
In navi Johannis Legarys* eodem die
De Peris de Vale pro c xxxv quarteriis ordeî xxx quarterns

frumenti i quarterio pisarum pr. £xxxîî x s.
In navi GeneraF xxvii dîe Marcii
De Roberto at Heme indigena pro i bala cum xviî pannîs

curtis sine grano
De Denys van Alest alienigena pro i fatt* vi pokis î maunde

cum i panno vîii vergîs curto sine grano et pro liiii god[es]

panni Wallie iiii'^ix dossenis pellium cuniculorum xxîiî

dossenispellium amiculorum refus' iiii*^ xxxiii pétris throm-

mez pr, £x\dii x s.
De Antonio Fraunseys alienigena pro i bala cum ix pannis

di. VI ii vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Gerardi Claisson eodem die
De Simone Albryghtsson pro ii barellis cum xii*^ vasorum

stanneorum pr. £xv
De Regînaldo Fysshmonger indigena pro iiii vergis panni

largi sine grano
De dicto magistro alienigena pro i panno curto sine grano
In navi Cîenerar xxviii die Marcii
De Nicholao van S>pris alienigena pro i sacco cum i panno di.

iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne van Nake pro î maunde iii barellis cum iii vagis

di, viii pétris thrommez ex libris [pellium] agninarum

passanim pr» £iii x s.

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

473

De Johanne Broun' pro î poka cum ii vagis iiii pétris throm-

mez pr. xxxi s. viii d.
De Albrîghto van Andemak' indigena pro i fardello cum ii

pannis di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Wery Sak' pro ii pipis i hogg[eshede] î corfe cum îiî vagis

di. X pétris thrommez I pellibus agninis passis ii copertoriis

Wyntonie et i tester Wyntonie pr. £iiii iii s. iiii d.
De He>Tiemaiino Hankynbergh^ Hansa pro iiii balis cum btiiii

panais curtis sine grano et pro vi grossis points pr. vi s-

viii d.
De Herman Bragh* Hansa pro î cista cum iiii vergis panni

largi sine grano et pro î panno di. curto sine grano in

caligis
De Lauren tio Madyne (?) alienigena pro i fardello cum vi

pannis di. vi vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Gerbrand* Reynersson primo die Aprilis
De Johanne Asshton* indigena pro di* panno viii vergis curto

sine grano et pro î pecia worsted' duplic'
In navi Johannis Alard' iiii die Aprilis
De Per' Cony John' pro iii doliis i pipa cum liez de vino pr.

xxiii s. iiii d.
In navi Petri van HilF eodem die

De Johanne Cantelowe indigena pro i panno curto sine grano
In na\î Willelmi Johnsson eodem die
De Nicbolao Gyrdeler' pro ii barellis cum vi*^ libris stanni

schoten et vii*^ di. vasorum stanneorum pr. £xvi
In navi Levyn Holander' vi die Aprilis
De Johanne Cayler' pro i barello cum ii*^ pellibus cunicu-

lorum crudis ii peciis worsted' duplic^ di. c stanni schoten

pr. xxxvi s. viii d. et pro predictis ii peciis worsted' duplic'
De Antonio Fraunseys alienigena pro i barello cum x vergis

panni largi sine grano
De Nicholao Gyrdeler' alienigena pro ii pipis i barello cum

îiî parmis di, curtis sine grano et pro x vergis parmi largi

sine grano in caligis et pro iiii*^ libris stanni schoten iii^

libris vasorum stanneorum ii*^ pellibus agninis messis xvU

caseis pr. Xviii xvi s. viii d.

474

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro ii balls cum xxxvî pannis

Curtis sine grano
De Laurens Madreux alienigena pro di. panno v vergis curto

sîne grano et pro vî vergis panni largi sine grano in caligis

et pro i sacco cum xx libris garbelo[re] grani paradisi

pr. XX s.
De Ertmer Swart pro li barellis cum xvi*^ libris vasonim

staimeorum pr. £xx
De Johamie Sterebolt alienigena pro iii barellis cum di. panno

iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro iii'^ vasorum stanneorum

xii^ stanni schoten x caseis pr. £xvi vi s. \iii d.
De Matheo van de Lek' alienigena pro i bareUo cum i panno

di. X vergis curtis sine grano

In navi Generar viii die Aprilis

De Philippo Albert pro iiii barellis cum iiii^ di. xxi libris

vasorum stanneorum ii bas[inis] iii lavacris ii slopes pro

aqua benedicta ii candelabris de latone iiii pariis uterium

de corio pr. £ix
De Hans Goldsmyth' alienigena pro ii barellis cum iii pannis

v vergis curtis sine grano
De Willelmo Arnoldesson alienigena pro i fardello cum v

pannis vîii ver^s curtis sine grano et pro i grosso points pr.

iii s. iiii d.
De Michaele de Bowys alienigena pro i cista cum x vergis

parnii largi sine grano et pro iii comubus i grosso di. po>T]ts

pr. viii s. iiii d.
De Antonio Fraunseys pro i bala cum Ixviii peciis sargie

simpUds pr. £xili iii s. iiii d. et pro predictis Ixviii pedls

sargie simpllcis
De Hans' Knyghtkyn Hansa pro i bala i barello i poka cum

xvi pannis di. curtis sine grano et pro iiii pannis di, curtis

sine grano in caligis et pro xvi libris fili lanei contineetibus

X vergas panni largi sine grano et pro xi dossems pariarum

caligarum vi dossejiis pannorum Wallie xvi pétris throm-

mez xlviii pelUbus agninis c pellibus cuniculorum xxx\'iii

pétris flokkorum pr. £vi x s.

I
I

THE PETTY CUSTOM

475

In navi General' xii die Aprilis

De Thoma Baldewyn' mdigena pro ii balis cum xxiiii pannis

di. ii vergis curtis sine grano
De Euerardo Potecary mdigena in dictis balis pro x pannis di,

curtis sine grano et pro viii vergis panni largi sine grano
De Laurentio Mandras* alienigena pro ii barellis cum v^

pellibus cuniculorum stage et seson pr. xxxvi s. viii d. et

pro di. panno iiii vergis curto sine grano
In navi Petri Menxsson eodem die

De Euerardo van Endove pro ii barellis cum xxxix pétris

flokkorum i barello parvo ferr[e] curte debilis pr. xxxvi s,

viii d.
De Antonio Fraunseys alienigena pro i fardello cum iiii

pannis di. vi vergis curtis sine grano et pro i panno v vergis

panni curti de scarleta et pro viii vergis panni largi de

dimidio grano
De Ricardo Dav indigena pro i panno iiii vergis curto sine

grano
De Thoma Baldew)m/ indigena pro i panno di. iiii vergis

curto sine grano
De Simone Curtey pro c xvi pellibus vituHnis albis pr. xx s.
De Albrighto van Andemak' indigena pro i cista cum x

vergis panni largi sine grano
In navi Cl[ais] Waghtersson xiiii die Aprilis
De eodem alienigena pro i sacco cum di. panno ix vergis curto

sine grano et pro c 1 pariis par\^arum peciarum de ventribus

bovinis pr, xxxi s. vîîî d.
In navi Thomae Rolfe xvii die Aprilis
De Alvero Gyle pro i barello cum iii^' di. xi libris vasonim

stanneorum pr. £iiil xvi s. viii d, et pro v doliis et pipis

ruptis pr. v s.
In navi Roberti Gerveys eodem die
De Thoma Cok' indigena pro iii balis cum xli pannis di. curtis

sine grano
In navi Clais Betsson eodem die
De eodem pro c di. pellibus vitulinis et c libris vasonim

stanneorum pr. Ivi s. viii d.

476

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

In navi Johannis Yscamp* xxiii die Aprilis
De eodem alienigena pro ii vergis panni largi sine grano et pfo
V pedis worsted' de di. duplice pr. £Uî et pro predicds v
pedis worsted*

In navi Simonis Johnsson xxvii die Aprilis
De Johanne Asshton' indigena pro di. panno vi vergis curto
sme grano et pro i peda worsted* duplic' continente i
pedam et îiii vergas

In navi Ricardi Kent xxviii die Aprilis
De Waltero Chertesey indigena pro xii balis cum c n pann?

Curtis sine grano
De Frank' Bereman* alienigena pro di. panno curto sine

grano et pro c Ubris vasorum stanneonim pr, xxvi s. viil d.
De Albrighto van Anderaak' indigena pro i bala cum n

panms viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Lodomco Wedynghous Hansa pro î bala iii barellis cum

x\iîi pannis di. vi vergis curtis sine grano et pro tf di.

vasorum stanneonim xxxvî peciis worsted' duplic* pr.

£xxx vi s. \^i d.
De Willelmo Ward* indigena pro i canvas cum i panno di. vi

vergis curto sine grano
De Johanne Wod' indigena pro i cista cum viii peciis worsted*

duplic* continentibus xi pecias et pro vi vergis panni largi

sine grano
De Johanne Potte Hansa pro i bala cum xviii pannis di, curtis

sine grano
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro ii balis cum xxiii pannis \Tii

vergis curtis sine grano et pro xi dossenis pannorum

Wallie str[ictorum] vii dossenis pariamm caligarum panni

Wallie iii grossis points pr, £vi xv s.
De Johanne Elwj's indigena pro i bala ii cistis cum viii pannis

di. îiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Henrico Wale alienigena pro i poka i corfe i barello cum

iii pannis curtis sine grano et pro xxxvi Ubris fili land

continentibus di. pannum curtum sine grano et pro iii

vagis thronamez pr. xliii s. iiii d.

THE PETTY CUSTOM

477

De Bertram' Cleherst Hânsa pro îî balis cum xxviii paniiis

viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Heynemanno Hankynbergh' Hansa pro ix talis iiii

barellis i hogg[esIiede] cum c xxxiiii pannis di. curtis sine

grano et îî lectis Wyntonie i vaga di. casei xvii*^ vasonim

stanneorum x\îii^ stanni schoten vi comubus pr. £xlii
De Jobanne Boston* indigena pro i bala cum xxi pannis di.

iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Henrico Frowyk' indigena pro ii balis cum xxxi pannis di,

curtis sine grano
De Symone Seman' indigena pro i bala cum xlii pannis curtis

sine grano
In navi GeneraF xxix die Aprilis
De Olardo Williamsson pro ii barellis cum xi*" i qr. xvii libris

stanni schoten pr. £xii
De Matilda Tekyir indigena pro i bala cum xxviii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Poulo Melan' alienigena pro v balis cum iiii" xii pannis

curtis sine grano et pro i bala cum xv pannis curtis sine

grano
De Johanne Wasshebome indigena pro i barello cum ii pannis

di. curtis sine grano et pro ix peciis worsted* duplic* con»

tinentibus xiii pecias worsted* duplic' et pro ii peciis

worsted* de di. duplice
In navi Johannis Johnsson eodem die

De eodem alienigena pro di. panno iiii vergis curto sine grano
In navi Generar vi die Maii
De Poulo Melan' alienigena pro i bala cum xii pannis di* viii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Laurentio Spryng' indigena pro i doleo cum iiii pannis di,

et ix vergis curtis sine grano
De Henrico Shy\T alienigena pro iii pipis i dolio i dsta cum

v" pellium cuniculorum stage et seson Hibernie ii^ di.

vasorum stanneorum ii copertoriis vii bankers' i dossena

quissh[on2J de sargia simplice iiii bas[inis] iiii lavacris iii

chafor[z] ii ladils ii scomorz de latone vetere xi grossis

points et extra i forke i speie ferri i tabula ii chcyrs vi

478

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

stoles pr. £xx x s. et pro predictis U copertoriis parvis de
sargia simpUce contînentibus i lectum simplicem et pro
predict* vii bankers de sargia simplice continent' iî
pedas sargie simplicis et pro predicta i dossena quis-
shfonz] de sargia simpUce continente i pedam sargie
simplicis

De Willelmo Kent indigena pro i fardellocum iiii pannis dL
curtis sine grano

De Nicholao van Anrod' pro in pokis cum xiii vagis throm-
mez ix*^ f)eUibus cuniculorum stage xxiiii libris vasorum
stanneorum vetenim pr. £x xvi s, viii d.

De Denys van Alest pro i poka cum iii vagis di. thrommez pr.
Is.
In navi Gerardi Claysson xx die Mail

De eodem pro i roUa bever pr. xxvi s. \m d.

De Nicholao Amoldesson pro i pipa cum xvi^ pellibus cuni-
ailorum seson et stage Hibemie pr, £vi x s.

De Nicholao Johnsson Hansa pro i fardello cum ix pannis
curtis sine grano et pro ii rollis teldorum pr. xl s.
In navi General^ xxviii die Maii

De Ricardo Bokelond' indigena pro iii fardellis cum xxxv
pannis curtis sine grano

De Albrighto van Andemak' indigena pro ii balis cum xliiii
pannis viii vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Thome Saule eodem die

De Domino Gills provest de Parys alienigena pro viii vergis
panni largi sine grano et pro di. panno iii vergis de scarleta
in iii scap€ron|es|
In navi General' iii die Junii

De Lauren tio Mandras' alienigena pro î bala i pipa iii barellis
i cista cum iiii pannis di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro
v*^ iiii" ulnis tele Fl[andrie ?] canvas iii^ xl libris vasonim
stanneorum vii bas[înîs] vii lavacris vi salers i chavor' i
lavacro pro aqua benedicta xii candelabris de latone i lecto
simplice de sargia cum celora et curtinis pr. £xii et pro
predicto î lecto simplice continente i lectum di. simplicem
et pro ii peciis sargie simplicis [in] curtinb dicti lecti

1
I

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

479

In navi Clais Brande xxiii die Junii

De eodem Hansa pro ii balls i fardello cum xxxviiî pannis

curds sine grano
De Claîs Scrother' Hansa pro i bala cum xîîî pannis di. vi

vergis curtis sine grano et pro vi vergis panni largi scarleti
De Johanna Here Hansa pro i bala i barello cum xvi pannis

di. iiii vergis curtis sme grano et pro di. panno iii vergis

curto sine grano in caligîs et pro c libris vasonim staii-

neorum pr. xx\t s. viii d.
De Dytmer Gryse Hansa pro i barello cum iiii'^ iii qr. viii

libris vasorum stanneonim pr, £vi xs, et extra pro di.

panno curto sine grano
De Mart>'no Kyshowe alienigena pro i fardello cum vi vergis

panni largi sine grano et pro xxxvîii godes panni Waliie

pr. XX s.
De Hans Colyner alienigena pro Î cista cum vi vergis panni

largi sine grano et pro ix vergis panni largi sine grano in

caligis
De Roberto Barry indigena pro i bala cum x\i pannis di.

curtis sine grano
De Ricardo Barry indigena pro i bala cum xvi pannis di. iiii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Petro Soco Hansa pro ii balis cum xxx\'i pannis curtis

sine grano
De Hans Sculte Hansa pro iii balis cum xliii pannis viii vergis

curtis sine grano et pro i panno vi vergis in caligis
De Herman Slaghowe Hansa pro ii balis cum xxxvii pannis

di. curtis sine grano
De Tydmanno Questynbergh' Hansa pro ii balis cum xl

pannis curtis sine grano
De Albrighto Lyghtbequer' Hansa pro iiii balis cum iiii"

pannis curtis sine grano
De Bertram' Cieherst Hansa pro iii balis cum Ii pannis di.

curtis sine grano
De Hermanno Bragh' Hansa pro i bala cum xix pannis di.

curtis sine grano

480 TEE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

De Hans Dasse Hansa pro vi baHs cum Ixxix pannis curtis

sine grano ■

De Henrico Georg* alienigena pro î cîsta cum v vergis panni

largi sine grano et pro i furra pellis agnine debilis iii _

saJers stanni iii candelabrlis] de latone xîî comubus pr. x s, f
De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro 1 cista cum di. panno curto

sine grano et pro iiii peciis worsted' duplic' pr, liii s. iiii d.
De ErtBier Swart Hansa pro i bala cum xviii pannis di,

curtis sine grano
In navi Johannis Prang' eodem die
De Johanne Hare Hansa pro i bala cum xvi pannis di. iiii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Dytmer Gryse Hansa pro i bala cum xvi pannis curtis

smo grano
De Tydmanno Lylandale alienigena pro i cista cum di.

panno iiii vergis curto sine grano et pro xxviii libris

vasorum stanneorum pr. vi s, viii d.
De Johanne Reynewelt' indigena pro i fardello cum iiii

pannis vi vergis curtis sine grano
De Petro Soco Hansa pro ii balis cum xxxvi pannis curtis sine

grano
De Jacobo Bar* Hansa pro i fardello cum i panno di. viii

vergis curto sine grano
De dicto magistro Hansa pro i bala cxmi xriii pannis Ix vergis

curtis sine grano et pro i copertorio Wyntonie et i lecto ■

simplice de sargia pr. xxx s. |

De Petro Warterbergh' Hansa pro i barello i fardeUo cum ii

pannis di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro xxxii olUs

stanneis pr. xi s, viii d.
De Hans Sculte Hansa pro i bala cum xvii pannis di. curtis

sine grano et pro i cista cum c xiiii libris vasorum stan- ■

neorum pr. xxviii s, iiii d. 1

De Roberto Wod' indigena pro i fardello cum viii pannis

curtis sine grano ■

De Hermanno Slagbow Hansa pro ii balis cum xxxvii pannis

di. curtis sine grano et pro ui dossenis pannorum Wallie

pr. XXV s.

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

481

De Amoldo Fcrlop' Hansa pro i barello i cista cum i panno u

vergis curto sine grano et pro Ixx lîbris vasomm stan-

neorum ii grossis points pr. xxx s.
De Tydman Questynbergh' Hansa pro ii balls cum xl

panels curtis sine grano
De Albrighto Lyghtbequer' Hansa pro vii balis cum c xxxii

pannis di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro iiii grossis

points pr. x s.
De Johanne Prang' Hansa m dictis balis pro 1 panno curto

sine grano
De Bertram' Cleberst Hansa pro iii balis oun Ii pannis di.

curtis sine grano
De Herman Bragh' Hansa pro i bala cum xix pannis ciirtis

sine grano
De Lamberto Jose pro i hogg[eshede] cum ii^ libris vasomm

stanneorum et xlv ollis stanneis pr. £111 xviii s. iiii d-
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro ii balis i cista cum xxvu pannis

di* viii vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii pannis curtis sine

grano in caligis
De Roberto Pellican indigena pro i fardello cum xii pannis

curtis sine grano

In navi Jacobi Southelyn xxiiii die Junil
De eodem alienigena pro x vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii*^
waynscote pro M clipclapp' vi rolKs bever pr. Xxiii x s.

In navi Levyn Holander' eodem die

De Alexandre Ferantyn' alienigena pro î barello i fardello
cum c libris vasonun stanneorum iii basyn[is] de latone iii
pedis worsted' duplic* pr. £viii vi s, viii d. et pro predictis
iii pec[iis] worsted' duplic' continentibus v pec[ias| worsted*

De Johanne Salmer pro ii barellis cum xiii^ stanni schoten pr,
£xiii xiii s. iiii d.

De dicto magistro pro 1 batelle calc' pr* xi s. viii d.

De Nicholao Gyrdeler* pro i hoggleshede] cum viii*^ di.
vasorum stanneorum pr. £x xiii s, iiii d.

De Andrea van der Hiir alienigena pro i barello cum i panno
curto sine grano

482

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In oavi General* xxv die Junii
De Georgio Pynsard' alienigena pro i bala cum viii pannis di,

VÎU vergis curtîs sine grano et pro i pipa cum xv*^ pellibus

cuniculonim stage et seson pr. £im x s.
De Tydman Questynbergh^ Hansa pro ii balis cum xl pannis

Curtis sine grano
De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro ii baUs cum xxxvi pamiis

Curtis sine grano
De Johanne Dasse Hansa pro ii balis cum xviii pannis curtis

sine grano
De Lodowico Wedjughous Hansa pro i fardello cum xii

pannis curtis sine grano
De Antonio de Mount' alienigena pro i fardello cum vi pannis

vi vergis curtis sine grano
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro i bala i barello cum xxi paimis

curtis sine grano et pro ii^ libris vasorum stanneorum pr.

liii s. iiii d.
De Johanne Potte Hansa pro i bala cum xviii pannis curtis

sine grano
De Johanne Wyswheler* Hansa pro iiii balis cum iiii** pannis

di, viii vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Petri Doubler' eodem die

De eodem alienigena pro i barello cum viU vergis panni largi

sine grano et extra ix*^ libris ros[ine] di. c vasorum

stanneomm iiii bareUis picc[is] pr. £iii
In navi Johannis Bekw^th' xxviii die Junii
De Johanne Brekyll' indigena pro ii balis cum xxvii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Roberto Barry indigena pro i bala cum xvi pannis di,

curtis sine grano
De Laurentio de Platea alienigena pro i bala cum xviii pannis

di. vi vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Johannis de Naght' eodem die
De Johanne Sahner' pro iii barellis cum xvii*^ libris et iii qr,

stanni schoten pr. £xviii xiii s. iiii d.
De dicto magistro pro xliiii Ubrb vasorum stanneorum i

batelle calc' pr, xxi s. viii d.

THE PETTY CUSTOM

483

De Hennan Clyppyng* alienigena pro 1 cista cum dl panno

îîii vergis curto sine grano et pro xi barellis dnerum pr,

xxiii s. iiii d.
In navi Herman Cule eodem die
De Nicholao Gyrdeler' pro i barello cum vi*^ xUii libris stanni

schoten ii barellis mellis pr. £vii viii s. iiii d.
De Poulo Melan' alienigena pro i barello cum ix vergis panni

largi sine grano
De Lodowico Wed>Tighous pro iiii barellis cum xxxviii*^

libris stanni schoten pr. £xxxviii
De Hennan Corbek' alienigena pro i barello cum iii pannis di.

iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Hans Dasse Hansa pro xi balls cum c iiii'" viii pannis vi

vergis curtis sine grano et pro i barello candelarum sepi i

barello cum viii peciis worsted* di. duplic' pr. £iiii xiii s.

iiii d.
De Ertmer Swart pro v barellis cum xxii^ stanni schoten x^

vasorum stanneorum c godes panni Wallie pr. £xxxvîî

viii s, iiii d.
De Johanne Potte Hansa pro vi balls 1 barello cum iiii«x

pannis viii vergis curtis sine grano et pro v grossis points

pr. xili s- iiii d.
De Herman Bragh' Hansa in dictis balis cum pro fsic] x vergis

panni largi sine grano et pro iîii vergis worsted' duplic' î

grosso points pr. x s.
In navi Johannis Wolfe xxix die Junii
De Antonio Domyng' alienigena pro i cista cum vii vergis

panni largi sine grano
De Johanne Salmer pro î barello cum vi'' xlii libris stanni

schoten pr, £vi x s.
In navi Adryani Baysson eodem die
De Albrighto van Andemak' indigena pro ii balis cum 1

pannis di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Argaston' indigena pro i bala i dsta cum xxi

pannis curtis sine grano
De WiUelmo Amoldesson pro i sacco î poka cum viii vagis ix

pétris thxommez pr. £vi

484

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Baudew>Ti de Huy pro i barello cum v*^ Ubris vasorum
stanneonmi pr, £vi v s.

In navi Johannis Sco\^ir eodem die
De Johanne Martyn* indigena pro i fardello cum \du iMumis

vi vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Ergaston' mdigena pro i bala cum xxv paxmis iiu

vergis curtis sine grano
De WiUelmo Sampson^ indigena pro i fardello cum v parmis

vili vergis curtis sine grano
De Lamberto Berwaresson alienigena pro î fardello cum i

panno vi vergis curto sine grano et pro v*^ pellibus vitulinis

crudis pr. £iii

In navi General eodem die

De Henrico Shyve alienigena pro i pipa i cîsta cum i panno vi
vergis curtis sine grano et pro iii*^ di, xx pellibus cunicu-
lorum c libris vasorum stanneorum iii cappis i paria
uterium et i lavacro de laton[e] pr. [ ■] ^

De Antonio Fraunseys alienigena pro ii balis grani pro panno

débile pr. [ ] * et pro ii balis i fardeOo cum 1 pannis x

vergis curtis sine grano et pro di. panno x vergis panni
iargi scarleti et pro ix vergis parmi largi de dîmidîo grano
et pro ii balis cum xlviii pannis x vergis curtis sine grano

De Godscako Trount pro i barello cum vi*" libris vasorum
stanneorum pr, £vii x s.

In navi Johannis Jacobsson eodem die
De Johanne CopeneH* alienigena pro i sake cum di. panno vT

vergis curto sine grano

In navi Tydman Reynersson eodem die
De Willelmo Lynne indigena pro i fardello cum iii pannis
curtis sine grano

In navi Johannis Coleynsson secundo Julii
De Petro Andrfewe] alienigena pro i pipa î cîsta cum iiii
pannis curtis sine grano et pro i panno v vergis panni lairgi
scarleti et pro i grosso points vi comubus pr. vi s. viii d.

' lUegibîc.

I
I

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

48s

In navi Gerardi Claisson eodem die
De eodem pro î bareUo cum v^ libris vasorum stanneonim pr.
£vi xiii s, iiii d.

In na\i Adryan Claysson eodem die

De Matys van Andwarp* pro î barello butiri v barellis cum
vii" ovor[um] iii paniers cum ti^ x easel pr. £iiii

In navi Nicholai Ryder' eodem die

De Petro Johnsson alienigena pro iii pannis curtis sine
grano et pro i barello cum li^ di. vasorum stanneorum pr.
£iii vi s. viii d.

In navi Christoferi Lyman* iiii die Julii

De Nicholao Gyrdeler' alienigena pro î pîpa cum î panno vi
vergis curto sine grano et pro vi vergis panni largî ûnt
grano in califs

De Gerardo Scalemaker* alienigena in dicta pipa pro ii
pannis ii vergis curtis sine grano

De Petro Andrewe alienigena pro i pipa cum iii pannis di.
viii vergis curtis sine grano
In navi General' xii die Julii

De Fernando Alfonns* alienigena pro î cista cum di. panno
curto sine grano et pro v vergis panni largi in caligis et pro
i lee to de sargia embroudata cum celora xv grossis points ii
pedis worsted' duplic' iiii uteribus de corio ii dossenis vi
pellibus de too ii dossenis iiii bursis de filo ii chapeletts
parv' de worsted* pr £iiii xi s. viiid. et pro predicto i
lecto de sargia embroudata cum celora continente i lectum
di. dupHcem et pro predictis ii peciis worsted* duplic'
continentibus iii pecias worsted* duplic' et pro iiii peciis
sargie simplicis in curtinis died lecti

De Johanne Hod>Tig' indigena pro i fardello cum ii pannis
curtis sine grano

De WiUelmo Goodehynde Indigena pro i fardeUo cum vii
pannis curtis sine grano

De Isebolt van Endove alienigena pro i fardello cum v pannis
curtis sine grano et pro xii plates xiii disshes iiii sausers
stamii pr. x s.

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi Deryk' Stempilsson xiiii die Julii

De Fernando AJfonns* pro i f ardeOo cum c xx ulnis canvas
pr. xl s.

De Willelmo Petersson Deryk' Bowman* et Deryk' Stempils-
son alienigenis pro i fardello cum vii pannis viii vergis
Curtis sine [grano] et pro iiij**x godes panni pr. xlv s.

De Otte van Dome pro i barello cum viii*^ Ixiii libris stanni
schoten pr- £viii xvi s, viii d.

De Lodowico WedjTighous Haosa pro i fardello cum v pannis
Curtis sine grano

De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro î baJa cum xix pannis curtis sine
grano

De Herman Bragh' H ansa pro ii balis cum xxviii pannis
îiii vergis curtis sine grano

De Johanne Wyssewheler' Haiisa pro ii balis cum xix pannis
curtis sine grano
In navi Johannis Deryksson xv die Julii

De eodem pro c x pariis parvarum pedarum de ventribus
bovinis pr. xxi s. viii d.
In navi Petri Ingrave xxiii die Julii

De eodem alienigena pro i sacco cum di. panno iii vergis
curto sine grano et iii pariis sirotecarum et extra M cUp-
clapp' i lasta i barello picc[is] pr. xxxvi s. viii d.
In navi Generar xxviii die Julii

De Johanne Wyswheler Hansa pro iii balis cum liii pannis
curtis sine grano et pro iii pannis di, vi vergis curtis sine
grano in caligis et pro xii dossems pannorum Wallie pr.
£iiii V s, et pro iii balis i fardello cum vii pannis di. curtis
sine grano et pro xxiiii libris wyr' xii grossis bokylles vii
dossenis pannorum Wallie Ix pellibus vituUnis vii*^
pellibus caprinis c di, pellibus cmiiculomm stage x\Tii
pedis worsted* de di. duplice viii peciis sargie simplicis ii
grossis points pr, £xvii vi s, \dii d.

De Herman Bragh' Hansa in dictis balis pro ii pannis curtis
sine grano

De Johanne Dasse Hansa pro i bala cum ix pannis curtis sine
grano

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

487

De Herman Bragh' Hansa pro î bala cum xvii pannis iiii
vergis curtis sine grano et pro i furra pellis cimiculi î
barello cum ii*^ libris vasorum stanneonim vi caseis pr.
Iiii s. iiii d.

De Johamie Potte Hansa pro ii balis cum xxxvi pannis di.
curtis sine grano et pro iiii peciis panni WaUie iii pedis
sargie simplids et i furra de pelle cunlculi cor[rupta] pr* £ui
et pro i fardello cum x pannis curtis sine grano et pro Mii
grossis points i pecia worsted^ de di. duplice pr. xvi s*
viiid.

De Godscako Trount pro i barello cum vi^ vasorum stan-
neomm pr, £vii x s.

De Antonio Fraunseys aUenigena pro v balis i barello cum
iiii" iiu^ xxv pellibus passis Li lectis de sargia simplice pr.
£xlviii et pro predictis ii lectis de sargia embroudata
continentibus ii lectos duplices et pro iiii peciis sargie
simplicis in curtinis dictorum lectorum et pro viii vergis
panni largi de scarleta
In navi Deryk^ Gerardesson xxix die Julii

De Elesia Heyden' pro i papaga pr, xx s.

De Johanne Dasse Hansa pro i fardello cum vi pannis curtis
sine grano

De Johanne Elw>'s indigena pro i fardello cum ix pannis iiii
vergis curtis sine grano

De Martun Berwardesson pro i barello cum iiii^ libris vaso-
rum stanneorum pr. £v vi s. viii d.

De Johanne Grotheyr' pro ii chaforz de laton[e] pr. vis,
viii d.

De Petro Potter^ alienigena pro ii pokis i sacco cum di. panno
vi vergis curto sine grano et pro xiii furris pellium agni-
naram parvarum ii dossenis pellium cuniculorum xxx
libris vasorum stanneorum ix vagis di. thrommez pr. £vii
XV s, et pro i sacco cum c libris fili knei continentibus î
pannum di. vi vergas curtum sine grano et pro di. panno
curto sine grano et pro di, vaga thrommez pr. vi s. vm d.

De Jan>Ti Gryffon alienigena pro iii vergis panni largi sine
grano

488

TEE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

De Johanne Michell' indigena pro ii balls cum xiii panais viii
vergis cuitis sine grano

De Roberto Deryksson et Yan' Claysson alienigenis pro i
fardeUo cum iiii pannis îîii vergis curtis sine grano

De Christiana Combemaker' pro î poka cum v vagis throrn-
mez pr, £iii x s.
In naVi Stephani Alfonns' v die August!

De eodem alîenîgena pro i bala i fardello i barello cum ix
pannis curtis sine grano et pro iiii rolEs sargie simplicis i
pecia worsted' duplic* iiii*^ xviii libris vasorum stan-
neomm pr £vii xi s. \iiid. et pro predictis iiii roUis
sargie simplicis et pro predicta i pecia worsted' duplic*

De Petro Yanus alienigena pro ii balis ii barellis cum xx
pannis di. ii vergis curtis sine grano et pro i panno curto
de scarleta et pro vii*^ libris vasorum stanneorum pr. £ix
vi s. viii d.

De Ossyter* pro ii barellis cum v^ di. vasorum stanneorum pr.
£vii vi s. viii d.

De Petro Skerdo pro i barello cum ii^ vi libris vasomm stan-
neorum pr. Iv s.

De Petro Founs* pro i barello cum iii^ libris vasorum stan-
neorum pr. £iiii

De Roderigo Musso alienigena pro i cista ii barellis cum di-
panno iiii vergis curto sine grano et pro x dossenis zonanmi
Coventrie xx grossis points viii dossenis bursarum iii
dossenis culteUorum xx ulnis canvas iiii^ libris vasorum
stanneorum pr, £x xvi s, viii d.

De Willelmo Moreys indigena pro Ui peciis sargie simplicis

De Johanne de Founs' pro i barello cum ii^ di. vasonun
stanneorum pr, £iii vi s. viii d.

De Willelmo Moreys indigena pro i bala cum iiii pannis vi
vergis curtis sine grano

De Lodowîco Gomys alienigena in dicta bala pro iiii pannis
curtis sine grano

De Thoma Tumor indigena pro i bala cum xxx peciis sargie
simplicis

De Johanne Wyott' indigena pro i bala cum ix pannis curtis

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

489

sine grano et pro i lecto duplice et pro ii pedis sargie

simplids in curtiois dicti lecti
De Johanne de Roys alienigena in dicta bala pro Ui pannis

curtis sine grano et pro i barello cum c libris vasorum

stanneorum pr. xxvi s. viii d.
De Willelmo Wodeford' indigena pro i fardello cum x vergis

panni largi sine grano et pro v vergis panni largi scarleti et

pro ii lectis de sargia embroudata cum celoris continentibus

iH lectos duplices et pro liii pedis sargie simpEcis in

curtinis dictonim lectorum
Li navi Lambe van Dyste eodem die
De Francisco Balby pro ii parvis sacds cum ii*^ libris

garbelo[rel piperis et i fardello cum vii dossenis kerch[efs]

de Valens debiJ' pr. £xi x s.
De Hans Wyswheler' Hansa pro ii balis cum xlii pannis curtis

sine grano
De Godscako Trount Hansa pro ii balis i barello cum xxi

pannis di, \dii vergis curtis sine grano et pro vi^ libris

vasorum stanneorum pr. £vii x s»
De Lauren tio Lang' pro î dsta cimi i daggor i tastor viîî

grossis points iiii pectinibus de box[o] i doblei v caseis pr,

xli s. viii d.
Li navi General' ix die Augusti
De Nicholao John' alienigena pro ii fardelUs cimi i panno

curto sine grano et pro i lecto de sargia embroudata pr,

xxxiii s. iiii d. et pro predicto i lecto de sargia embroudata

continente i lectum duplicem et pro ii pedis sargie

simplicis in curtinis dicti lecti
De Johanne Vascus alienigena pro ii balis cum sdx pannis di.

curtis sine grano et pro i panno vi vergis curto sine grano

et pro ii pannis depictis pr, v s.
In navi WUlelmi Cheke xxiiii die Augusti
De Ricardo Pan ter* iudigena pro i cista cum i panno di. viii

vergis curto sine grano
In navi Clementis Lounde eodem die
De Ricardo Jevecok' indigena pro i fardello cum xv pedis

kersey sine grano

490

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi GeneraF xxvi die Augiisd
De Willelmo Molle indigena pro i fardello cum x paimis di*

Curtis sine grano
In na\i Thame Casteir xxix die Augusti

De Waltero Hasele indigena pro i cista cum i pamio viii

vergis curto sine grano
De Thoma Aleyn^ indigena pro i fardello cum Uu pamiis di.

Curtis sine grano
De Willelmo Brygge indigena pro î fardello cum vii pannis

dî* Curtis sine grano
De Johanne Boston' indigena pro i bala cum xvîî pannîs vîiî

vergis curtîs sine grano
De Antonio Fraunseys alienigena pro i fardello cum îi pamm

Curtis de scarleta et pro vi vergis paani Wallie pr, îîi s,

iiiid.
De Petro van Emylryke alienigena pro i pipa cum iii pamii^

di. viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johamie Langyll' indigena pro i fardello cum ii panntT

curtis sine grano
De Henrico Frevvyk' indigena pro i bala cum 1 pajiois di. i

vergis curtis sine grano
De Roberto Symond' indigena pro i bala cum ix pannis iiii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Roberto Thorn* indigena pro i fardello cum iii pannis di.

curtis sine grano
De Ricardo Bridbrok' mdigena pro î bala cum xxiii pannis

iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Alberto Penteag' alienigena pro i mantic[a] cum i panno

iiii vergis curto sine grano et pro iii pedis sargie simplids

pr> XX s. et pro predictis iiii pedis sargie simplicis
In navi GeneraF xxx die Augusti

De Thoma Middelton' indigena pro ii balis cum lix pannis di*

iiii vergis curtis sme grano et pro iii balis cum Ixxvii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Philippo Reep' indigena pro ii balis cum xl pannis curtis

sine grano et pro ii balis cum Ivii pannis di, viii vergis curtis

sine grano

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

491

De Johanne Scodham indigena pro i bala cum xvi pannis

Curtis sine grano
De Willelrao Halys indigena pro ii balis cum xl pannis di.

iiii vergis cnrtis sme grano et pro i bala cum xvH pannis

viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Willelmo Floccher indigena pro iiî fardellis cum xkx

pannis viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Snypston* indigena pro i bala cum xvii pannis di.

VÎ vergis curtis sine grano
De Roberto Archebolt indigena pro i bala cum xvi pannis di.

curtis sine grano
De Willelmo Barter indigena pro i cista cum xîîti pedis

worsted' duplic' continentibus xxiii pecias worsted* duplic'
De Godscako Trount pro ii barelMs cum m libris vasorum

stanneorum pr. £xii x s.
De Tydmanno Questynbergh' Hansa pro iii balis i fardello

cum lx\i pannis di* iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii

balis cum xlii pannis curtis sine grano et pro ii balis cum xl

pannis curtis sine grano

In navi EJcardi Forthen primo die Septembris

De Johanne Lyttelton' indigena pro i cista cum i panno di.

viii vergis curto sine grano
De Alano Euerard' indigena pro i fardello cum vii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Denys Causton' indigena pro ii fardellis cum xxiii pannis

di. \dii vergis curtis sine grano et pro vi peciis worsted'

duplic'
De Roberto Ruston' indigena pro i fardello cum viii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Jacom' Abberby Hansa pro îî baUs cum xxx pannis di.

viii vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii rollis frisii panni

Wallie pr, xl\d s. ™î d.
De Willelmo Shurp' indigena pro iiii balis cum xliiii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Willelmo Maltby indigena pro î bala cum xvi pannis

curtis sine grano

492

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Rîcardo Bridbrok* indigena pro i bala cum xbt pannis

Curtis sine grano
De Johanne Pak' indigena pro iii baEs cum iiii**vii pannis

vm vergis cyrtis sine grano
De Petro Batto indigena pro i bala cum xii pannis curtis sine

graDO
De Bertram Cleherst Hansa pro i bala cum xiii pannis di.

iiii vergis curtis sine grano et pro i barello cum xv^ libris

vasorum stanneorum pr. £xix
De Ertmer Swart Hansa pro ii balis cimi xxxiiii pannis curds

sine grano
De Godscako Trount Hansa pro ii baUs cum xix pannis \i

vergis curtis sine grano
De Henrico Frowyk' indigena pro ii balis cum xlvii pannis

curtis sine grano
De Johanne Stratton' indigena pro i bala cum xii pannis

curtis sine grano

In navi Thome Walssh' iii die Septembris

De Henrico Valeryan' indigena pro i hogg[eshedel cum i

panno iiii vergis curto sine grano
De Peryn de Sessak' indigena pro i pipa i cista cum i panno

viii vergis curto sine grano

In navi Generar iiii die Septembris
De Roberto Athern* indigena pro ii balis cum xlv pannis iiii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Roberto Wode indigena pro i fardello cum x pannis curtis

sine grano
De Johanne Salmer pro ii hogg[eshedesl ii barellis cum xxxi*^

di. stanni schoten pr, £xxxi x s.
De Johanne Elwys indigena pro i fardello i cista cum x

pannis curtis sine grano
De Heynemanno Hankynbergh' pro vii barellis cum vi" iii^

stanni schoten pr. £lxiii
De Lodowico Wedynghous Hansa pro ii baKs cum xU pannis

curtis sine grano et pro ii barellis cum xxii^ stanni schoten

pr. jCxxil

THE PETTY CUSTOM

493

De Albrighto Lyghtbequer* Hansa pro i bala i pipa i dsta

aim x\iîl paimis di. curtis sine giano et pro vii^ pedis

doîon' pr, xxiii s. iiii d.
In navi Willelmi Edryche eodem die
De Henrico Mace pro ii barellis cum iii*^ xx Ubris candelamm

sepi pr, xxxiii s. iiîî d.
De Johanne Tasburgh* indigena pro îîî pîpîs cum x paimis di.

curtis sine grano
De Roberto Pellican* indigena pro i bala cum ii panais di.

curtis sine grano
In navi Johannis Bollard' eodem die

De Willelmo Arnold* alienigena pro v barellis i bala i poka

cum xxxviii pannis di. curtis sine grano et pro xxxv^ stannt

schoten i pilch* viii grossis points xiii dossenis viii comubus

ii ky pipis pellium cuniculorum xl godes panni Wallie M

vagis di. thrommez iiii dossenis pellium agninarum pr,

£xli vi s. viii d. et pro i sacco cum vii dossenis comuum pr.

XV s. et pro viii libris fill lanei continentibus iii vergas

panni largi sine grano
De Petro Skyrmer pro i barello cum v^ libris vasorum

stanneonim pr. £\\ v s.
De Heynemanno Hankyubergh' pro v barellis cum iiii"* v*^

libris stanni schoten pr. £xlv
De Roberto Grey indigena pro i fardello cum m pamiis viii

vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne de Marconovo alietiigena pro î bala cum xvi

pannis di. curtis sine grano
De Wat' Spyke pro i sacco cum vi vagis di, thrommez pr,

£iiii xi s. viii d.
De Frandsco Coleynsson pro i sacco cum vi vagis di. tlurom*

mez pr. £iiii xi s, viii d.
In na\i Johannis Johnsson eodem die
De Stephano Barry indigena pro i fardello cum iii panais

curtis sine grano
In navi GeneraF vi die Septembris
De Petro Soco Hansa pro ii balls cum xzxvi pannis curtis

sine grano

494

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Tydmaii Qtiest>iibergh' Hansa pro i hala cum xi pannk

di- iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Salmer pro ii barellis cum xii^ ill qr. stamii

schoten pr. £xiu
De Heyneman Hankynbergh' pro ii barelUs cum xiii^ staimi

schoten pr. £xîiî
De Christiana Combemaker' alienigena pro i poka i dsta

cum viii vergis panni largi sine grano et pro ii vagjs

thrommez \dii grossis points xxiiii libris \'asorum stan*

neorum pr. Iiii s. iiii d.
De Johanne Weston' indigena pro i fardello cum v pannis cur-
tis sine grano et pro di, panno \iii vergis curto de scarleta
De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro i fardello cum viii pannis di-

vi vergis curtis sine grano et pro iii grossis points pr. \i s.

viiid*
In navi Henrici Wet>Tibek* ix die Septembris

De Bertram' Cleherst Hansa pro i bala cum xix pannis curtis

sine grano
De Gobell* Clusner' Hansa pro î bala î fardeUo cum xxx

pannis curtis sine grano
De Roberto Wod* indigena pro î fardeUo cum ix pannis curtis

sine grano
De Clais Scrother* Hansa pro i bala i barello cum x\4ii pannis

di. X ver^s curtis sine grano et pro iii copertoriis de sargîa

simplke pr. xxx s.
De Herman Slaghowe Hansa pro i fardello cum vin pannis

di. curtis sine grano
De Frowyk' Clevjughous Hansa pro ii balis cum xxx\î

pannis di- curtis sine grano
De Johanne Bartholomusson pro xv pipis i hogg[eshede] de

liez [de] vino î libra boras* pr. £v x s.
De Johanne Wyswheler' Hansa pro î bala cum xix pannis

curtis sine grano
De Bernardo Muller' pro iiii sheldes debil/ pr. xiii s, iiii d,
De Petro Clottys alienigena pro i fardeUo cum î panno îî

vergis curto sine grano et pro ii pannis iii vergis curtis sine

grano in caligis

THE PETTY CUSTOM 495

De Heyneman Hankynbergh' Hansa pro v fardellis cum ixiî

paiinis di, viii vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii paimis ix

vergis curtis sine grano in caligis
In navi Petri Johnsson eodem die
De Johanna Tasburgh' indigena pro ii pipis cum vii pannis

curtis sine grano
In na\i LevjTi Holander' eodem die

De Philippo Alberto pro xx barelHs sulluris refus' et debilîs

xxi balls dat[es] putrid et i fardello cum i pecia worsted'

duplic' pr* £xxx\i et pro predicta i pecia worsted'

duplic' continente i peciam iiii vergas duplices
De Bartholomeo Valeresson pro xi di, barellis zinziberis

viridis ii casfes] canellfe] pr, £xl
De Andrea van der Hill' alienigena pro i pipa cum ii pannis

di. iiii vergis curtis sine grano
De Laurcntio Canale pro ii balis canelle i bala semînis pro

vermibus pr. £xii
De Johanne Carier' alienigena pro î barello cum i panno curto

sine grano et pro iiii^ libris garbelor[e] piperis pr. xl s.
De Johanne Salmer pro iiii barellis casei pr. xx s.
De Nicholao Gyrdeler' alienigena pro ii barellis cum di.

panno vm vergis curto sine grano et pro vi^ libris vasorum

stanneorum v^ stanni sboten [et] extra viii vergis panni

Wallie pr, £xiii
De Francisco Balby alienigena pro i fardello cum di, panno

iii vergis curto sine grano
De Johanne Freman^ pro ii barellis cum xîî'^ libris stanni

schoten pr, £xii xiii s. iiii d-
In navi Wyss' Jacobsson eodem die
De Philippo Albert pro xiiii barellis sulfuris refus* et debilis

xxi balls dates putrid' pr. £xx\àii
De Andrea van der Hill' pro i barello cum vi*^ stanni schoten

pr. £vi vi s. \iîi d.
De dicto magistro pro i batelle calc' pr. xi s, vîiî d.
In navi Andrée Re>Tioldesson x die Septembris
De Waltero Spyke pro i poka cum i vaga di, thrommez pr,

xxis, vîiid.

496

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johaime Shorter' indigena pro i paano di, curto sine

grano
De Yvon' Catan* alienigena pro i bala i fardello cum xii
pannis di. curtis sine grano et pro iiii vergis paoni largi
scarleti
De Franc CoIe3msson pro i sacco ii vats i fardello cum v
vagîs tlirommez v dossenis pellium vîtulînarum jjx
pellibus agnelJorum pr. £iiu v s*
In navi GeneraF eodem die
De Johanne Ferere alienigena pro i fardello cum î panno iiii

vergis curto sine grano
De Antonio Fraunseys pro ii barellis cum c lii b'bris vasorum
stanneorum i bas[ino] i lavacro vi candelabris de latone pr.
xlviii s. iiii d.
De Johanne Jo>Tit indigena pro i bala cum ix pannis di. vi

vergis curtis sine grano
De Roberto Barry indigena in dicta bala pro î panno iiii

vergis curto sine grano
De Willebno Wrothe indigena pro i fardello cum î paano di»

™i vergis curto sine grano
De Conrado Albert pro ii doUis cum viii balis dates i pipa
cum ii di. barelJis zinziberis viridis v barellis i pipa cum ck
pannibus de sugr[e] pr. £xxiiii
De Johanne Seynt John' indigena pro î fardeUo cum vi
pannis \\ vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii pannis di. curtis
de scarleta
De Johanne Snypston' indigena pro i bala ctim xxiii pannis

curtis sine grano et pro i panno curto de scarleta
De Willelmo Baroun' indigena pro iii pipis cum ix pannis di.
curtis sine grano
In navi Johannis Mylkeserp' xiiii die Septembris

De Radulpho Valentyne indigena pro i bala cum xii pannis

di. curtis sine grano
De Petro Odewyn indigena pro i fardello cum vi pannis et x

vergis curtis sine grano
De Willelmo de Moyne indigena pro iiii vergis panni largi
sine grano

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

497

In iia\i WiUelmi Traunt xvi die Septembris

De Ertmer Swart pro i barello cum HF libris vasorum stan-
neomm pr. £iu xv s.

In na,Yi General* xvîiî die Septembris
De Waltero Chertesey mdigena pro i bala cum xii pannîs di.

curtis sine grano
De WUlelmo Re>Tiold' iedigena pro î bala cum xiiii pamiis di,

viii vergis curtis sine grano
De Ricardo Wardyngton' încUgena pro vi pipis î fardello cum

xxii pannis iiii vergis cortis sine grano
De Gobeir Clusner' Hansa pro di. panno iii vergis curto sine

grano in caligis et pro î bareUo cum ii pannis curtis sine

grano et pro i panno curto sine grano in caligis
In navi Willebni Barbor eodem die
De Yvon' Catayn' alienigena pro i bala cum xii pannis di. vî

vergis curtis sine grano
De Johanne Jey indigena pro ii pannis curtis sine grano
De Adryano Skeir pro c di. c vasorum stanneorum pr. xl s.

In navi Thome Daunger xix die Decembris [sic]
De Johanne Cressak' indigena pro i pipa cum ii pannis curtis
sine grano in caligis

In navi Adam Gysbryghtsson eodem die

De Clais Borkyn pro i barello cum v*^ di. vasorum stan-
neorum pr. £vi xvi s. viii d. et pro c di. pellibus cunicu-

lorum pr. xîiî s. iiii d.
De Ertmer Swart pro ill pipis cum liez de vino pr. xx s.
De Thoma Hanley indigena pro i bala cum xxix pannis di. ii

vergis curtis sine grano
In navi Petri Johnsson eodem die

De Johanne Wokkyng* indigena pro î cista cum di. panno

curto sine grano et pro i pecia worsted' de di. duplice
De Johanne Cressak* indigena pro i cista cum iii vergis panni

largi sine grano et pro iii vergis panni largi sine grano in

caligis
De Willelmo Spalle indigena pro i lecto simplice sargie et

pro ii pecUs sargie simplicis in curtinis dicti lecti

498

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

In navi Johannis KensfaJIe eodem die
De Johanne Brckyll' indigena pro î bala aim xî pannis i
curtis sine graoo h

In navi Johannis Biint3aig' eodem die fl

De Johanne Lymner' indigena pro i mantic[a] cum v pedis
worsted^ de di. duplice ^

In na\i GeneraF xxv die Septembris ^

De Ricardo Rowe indigena pro i bala i fardello cum iii pkannis
X vergis curtis sine grano et pro ii pannis di. curtis dc
scarleta et pro ii pannis di. curtis de dimidio grano M

De Johanne Pekker' indigena pro i cista cimi i panno viii "
vergis curto sine grano et pro ii pannis vi vergis curtis sine
grano in caligis

[De bonis adductis:]

De navi Johannis Scovyll* iiii die Octobris

De eodem pro xvi barellis ceparum pr. v s. îiîî d.
De navi Michaelis Scove eodem die

De eodem pro Ivi charges saUs pr. £x\iii

De Johanne Coahowe et iii sociis pro \dii charges salis xvT
dossenis lampreys iii barellis seminis senapii pr. £iii x s.
De navi Amoldi Rover' eodem die

De eodem pro xx charges salis iiii*^ clipclapp* pr. £v v s.

De Clais Rande et viii sociis pro xvi charges salis pr. £iiii
De na\d Bowdyn Claisson' eodem die

De eodem pro di, lasta quemstons c ollis terrfe] pr. x s.
De navi Bernardi Brollesthorpe eodem die

De eodem pro lxx\îii charges salis pr. £xix x s.

De Jacobo van Lubyke et xx sociis pro xi charges salis pr.
Ivs.
De na\4 Henrici van DryTi' eodem die

De eodem et xi sociis pro \d charges salis iiiî barellis seminis
senapii pr. xl s.

De Clais Scrother' pro xlviii charges salis pr, £xii
De navi Herman Warynsson \'iii die Octobris

De Deryk^ Lambertsson pro i charge di, salis pr, vii S-
vid.

THE PETTY CUSTOM

499

De Pryme Frome et vi sociis pro iii charges di. saEs pr, xvii s.

£xiî ;

De Johanne Vlslyer' pro H charges salis pr. i.xii xv s.
De navi Clais Johnsson eodem die

De eodem pro cc 1 barellis cepamm pr. £iiii iii s. iiii d.
De navi Johannis Olyiiersson eodem die
De Petro Jacobsson pro ii barellis cum compac[es] et glasis

xii sketeuaiis pr. xxxiii s. iiii d.
De Johanne Baker' pro ii*" caboches pr. iii s. iîîi d.
De Antonio Francisco pro viii doliis olei iiii balis wode pr.

£xlii
De Henrico Bumys pro xiii pipis Uni cmdî pr, £vî x s.
De Hans Knyght' pro i bala fustean pr. £xîî
De Reynekyn de Vos pro ii peciis tel[e] lini pr. x s.
De Conrado Albert pro viii rondeletts saponis albi pn

£xxiiii
De Johanne Amoldesson pro vii sarr[is] pr. %âî s*
De Bandewyn de Huy pro i meisa cum vi pelvibus pr. xx s.
De navi Simonis Johnsson eodem die
De eodem pro iti barellis biere ii^ cnises ii*^ caboches ii*^ libris
ropes cambe pr. xxv s.
De navi Willehni Claisson xii die Octobris
De eodem pro ii*^l barellis cepamm ii^ bonchis allei pr. £iiii
vis. \m d.
De navi Johannis Johnsson eodem die

De eodem pro c Ixxv barellis ceparum vii*^ bonchis allei vi^
caboches pr. £vii viii s, iii d.
De navi Court Der>^k' eodem die
De Johanne Thomasson pro ii*^l barellis ceparum ii^'kxv

bonchis allei iii'' caboches pr. £v x s.
De Poulo Deryksson pro il barellis anguillamm sals[arum]

c iiii** uhiis tele Uni West' ^ stride pr. £iiii
De Johanne Masselyn' pro iii faucons ix laneretts pr. £vi
xiii 5. iiii d.

1 Cf. WfsU salkes iht c elks below, App. Cp p. 705.
71/8 (London).

Also, K. R. Customs,

Soo

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De navi Wîllelmi Traunt eodem die
De Johanne van Develand* pro c ollis terre dî. lasta quem-

stons pr. X s.
De Nell' Bartholomuxdoghter pro i barello di. sinoecakes î

sacco patyns pr, xvi s. viii d.
De Tydman Questynbergh* pro viu di. barellis calibis pr

£xxxii
De navi Mathei Sacce eodem die

De Segr' Coster' pro i parvo barello cum antemoyne pr. ïîîi s,

1111 d.
De Lauren tic Haryngton' pro ii barellis cum diverse haberd*

lashe] pr. £iiii
De Herman Bragh' pro i baskette cum xiiii bristeplates nigr*

pr. XX s.
De Christian Combemaker' pro ii bondellis sairanim ii*^

combehedes pr. xlvi s. viii d.
De Luca Lendre pro i dossena sarrarum pr. xvi s. viii d.
De Heynemanno Hank>'nbergh* pro i fardello carde pr, £vii

xs.
De navi Ewyn Petersson eodem die

De eodem pro vi saccis hoppes v^ pavyngtyll' pr, xxvi s,

viii d.
De Johanne Goodemansson pro vi parvis barellis wode pr.

XX s.

De navi Johannis Matheusson eodem die

De eodem pro di, c ollis terre pr, iii s, iiii d.
De navi Comelii Alardesson xiiii die Octobris
De Pancrase Johnsson pro ii^l barellis ceparum îî parvîs"

saccis lini pr, £iii xiii s, iiii d.
De Clais Levynsson pro ii parvis pedis tele Uni crude pr.
iii s. iiii d.
De navi Johannis Henryksson eodem die

De Hugone Henryksson' pro ii*" barellis ceparum pr* 1 s.
De navi Henrid Gilesson eodem die
De Clais Williamsson pro iii^ barellis ceparum c bonchis Mei

pr. £iiii v s.
De Bowdyn Perysson* pro c bonchis allei pr* xiii s. iiii d.

THE PETTY CUSTOM 5OI

De Godfrey Coleyn' pro i sacco cum i tek[e] Uni pr, xiii s.

iiii d.
De Johanne Parys pro i quarterio allei pr. iïî s. iiii d.
De navî Petri Menxsson eodem die
De eodem pro ii barellis saponis i lasta quemstonz di. c oliis

terre ii saccis hoppes pr. Iv s.
De navi Johannis Prange xix die Octobris

De eodem pro iii lastis liiii c del[es] ii lastis pici[s] c clipclapp'

V parvis mastis xii pétris fili grossi ii cistis cum xiii bon*

dellis fili pruse et parvis cordis pro velis pr, £xxii
De Vyke Cliste pro vi pétris lini i dossena orys pr. 3d s, viii d.
De Goyk>Ti Skemebek* pro di, lasta lini di. lasta piccis îîî

dossenis sketevatfis] iii dossenis boketts pr. Iiii s. iiii d.
De Petro Mulner' pro xii pétris lini iiii p>etris fili grossi i

dossena irowys pr. xxv s.
De Henrico Bolster pro i lasta lini vîi j>etris fili grossi pr

£iiii ix s. vi d, et pro i parva pecia cere ponderis di. qr.

unius quintalli
De Petro van Werterbergh' pro xv pétris lini i dossena

trenchorz pr. xxiis, viiid. et pro i par\^a pecia cere

ponderis di. qr. unius quintalli
De Clais Smytht' pro di. lasta picis m[agnis] b[arellis] pr,

xvi s. viii d.
De Hans Colyner' pro xii pétris lini vi pétris fili grossi pr.

xxv s. vi d.
De Bernardo Helmys pro xx pétris lini pr* xxvi s. viii d.
De George Wylde pro i lasta piccis pr* xvi s. viii d.
De Hans Fryse pro xx pétris lini di. lasta tarre magnis

barellis pr. xl s.
De AMrido van Dome pro x meisis iii barellis cupri rubei iii

lastis piccis pr. £x vi s. viii d. et pro viii pedis cere

ponderis xxxi quintallorum et î qr.
De Albryghto Lyghtbeker' pro v barellis salmonis Î lasta Uni

i lasta cinemm î lasta di. osmondi pr, £xii xiii s. iiii d. et

pro ii peciis cere ponderis vii quintallorum iii qr.
De Fronlyk' Clevynghous pro viii lastis tarre magnis barellis

vi barellis smoU vi barellis porpeys pr. £xvii iii s, iiii d,

502

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De H€>Tiemaiino Hank>Tibergh' pro î lasta di. osmondi iti

barellis cum xxiii" rusk[ms] Ix dossenis gptefelles pr.

£xxxiiii xiii s, iiii d, et pro viii peciis cere ponderis xxxvi

quintallomm
De Court van Rode pro \di pedis cere ponderis xxiiii

quintaUomm iii qr.
De HermanîîO Slaghowe pro xvm barellis rumbi i lasta

cinemm \iii barellis tarre magnis barellis viii barellis

piccis pr. £xx\n vi s. \m d.
De Tydman Questynbergh* pro vi peciis cere ponderis viii

quintallorum
De Bertram Cleherst pro vi lastis piccis i barello cum vi*'

ulnis canvas pruce pr, £xî xiii s. liîî d. et pro v pedis cere

ponderis x\îi quintallorum
De Ertmer Swart pro \\ di. barellis cupri grey pr. £iiii x s. et

pro Î peda cere ponderis ii quîntaUorum
De Amoldo Casteû* pro ii lastis di, picas i lasta osmondi pr,

£viu XX d.
De Lodowico Wedynghous pro ii fardellis cum torchewekes

pr, £iiii x s.

De navî Ole Hejusson xxv die Octobris

De eodem et Henrico Feresson pro iii*^ barellis ceparum iii*^

bonchis allei pr, £v v s.

De navî Willelmi Johnsson vii die Novembris
De Clais Gyrdeler' pro iiii^ caboches 1 bromez pr. xiii s.

iiiid.
De Christofero Johnsson pro ii parvis peciis tele Uni pr* vi s.

viiid.

De navi Thome Martyn' xix die Novembris

De eodem et xiii sociis suis pro cc iiii^^ pedis fructus pr. £xviii

xiii s. iiii d. et pro i fardello cere ponderis i quintalli et di.
De Alberto Janus pro viii*^ Ixii pedis fmctus ii pipis ii barellb

olei de pisce pr, £lxv et pro ii parvis peciis cere ponderis

di, qr. [quintallij
De Petro Alfonns pro iiii*^ I peciis fructus ii pipis olei pisds pr,

£xxxv

I
■

THE PETTY CUSTOM 503

De Vasco Domyngus pro v*^ iiii" i peciis fnictus ii pipis olei
piscis Î parvo fardello send crudi po[nderis] x libranim
£xliiii XV s. et pro i parva pecia cere ponderis di. qr.
[quintalli]
De na\î Menx Gylesson xxvi die Novembris

De eodem pro ii" bakstonz î lasta piccis pr, xxxiii s, îiiî d.
De Clays Claisson pro xii balis madre ii lastis dnenim iiii

barellis saponis pr. £xx xiii s. iiii d.
De Heyneman Hankynbergh* pro ii barellis cum xviu"

ruskyn pr* £xxi
De Johanne Potte pro i barello plates alb' î barello cum
x\' rollis cotton' et diverse haberd[ashe] pr. £v vi s.
viii d.
De Petro Johnsson pro li barellis Uni crudi pr, xxiii s, iiii d.
De navi Johaunis Johnsson eodem die

De eodem pro îî*^ barellis cepanim li parvis peciis bastrops xl
libris lini crudi pr, Ivi s. viii d.
De navi Petri Broune eodem die

De Clais Jacobsson pro di.'' bonchis allei pr. vi s. viii d.
De navi Claîs Waghtersson eodem die
De eodem pro c warp[e ?] oUarum terre vi hod[es] hoppes xl

stolis v cobbordes pr, £iii v s.
De Deder>4' Claisson pro i ketelle enn' pr, £iiii
De na\d Petri Smyth^ eodem die

De eodem pro viii** libris ropus camb' vm hodes hoppes viii
barellis seminis senapii ix** bakstones pr. £xx
De navi Johannis Perys eodem die
De Antonio Frandsco pro iii pipis grani pro panno pr. £xl
De Baudew>Ti' de Huy pro ii balis pelvium pr, £xii
De navi Henrid Adr>^ansson eodem die
De He>^emaniio Haiik>Tibergh' pro viî pipis Uni cmdi vî
balis madre pr. £xvi
De navi Adr^^ani Bulscamp' eodem die
De Wîllelîno Amoldesson pro ii barellis i fardello cum diverse

haberd[ashe] pr. £x
De Hans Knyght' pro i pake canvas pr, £iiii
De dicto magistro pro iiii balis madre pr. £v vi s. viii d.

504

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De navi Wîllelmi Amoldesson xxix die Novembris
De Jacobo Peresson et Petro Claisson' pro iii*^ xxv bareUis

cepanim pr: £v viU s. iiii d.
De navi Adr> am Baysson eodem die
De Wolfardo Alardesson pro \ii barellis rape oile xii parv'

ket elles enn' i barello lini cnidi pr. £iiii iii s. iiii d.
De Willelmo Amoldesson pro i barello aim diverse haberd-

[ashej pr. £v
De Gîlis van Tbruste pro i pipa i mauede et i barello cum i

paria plates v basnetts viii capellis fern iiii pariis vambr(as]

ii pariis rerebras ii pariis leghames' et diverse haberd[ashe]

pr. £\Tii xi s, viii d.
De Stephano Tumebon' pro i fardello cum vii pedb tele Uni

pr. £xii
De Nese Romeney pro i cista vacua pr. lii s. iiii d.
De navi Bryx Woutersson eodem die
De Pemello Jorys pro Î dsta cum c ulnis tele lini Holandie î

parva furra àefoyns seson et stage vii tymbriis grey pr. £v
De Johanne Potte pro î barello cum m di. reiewerk' ii mantel-

lis mart>Tiwombe stage pr. £îîî vi s. viii d.
De He>'nemanno Hankynbergh* pro î barello cum vi?

rusk>Ti pr, £\iii
De JohaBne Henryksson pro iiii barellis alleds pr. xxx s.
De Jacobo Johnsson pro i cista cum c lini Selandie pr. xx s,
De navi Johannis Tomey secundo die Decembris
De eodem pro di.*^ caboches pr. xx d.
De Antonio Fraundsco pro viii doliis olei pr, £xl
De Isebran Segr' pro i barello cum viii dossenis cordewanp]

pr. Iiii s. iiii d.
De Petro Jacobsson pro iiii** bonges xiiii" fausetts c parv'

bromys ii** meltyngpotts xiiii diolP vitris pr, xvî s. viii d.
De navi Levyn Holander' eadem die
De Johanne Potte pro vii balis madre pr. £ix vi s. \âii d.
De Heyneman Hankynbergh* pro i barello cum iii tymbriis

martynz ii tymbriis di. ermyn' ii dossenis fill pr. £x
De Tydman Questjubergh" pro ii barellis cum iiii dossenis

cordewan[i] iii quarteriis redewerke pr, £iiii

THE PETTY CUSTOM

505

De Petro van Twynbergh* pro î barello cum v pariis vam-

bras iiii dossenis capellanim ferri pr* 3cxx s.
De navi Johannis Varlett' ix die Decembris

De Johaime Knyght' pro M caboches xx barellîs ceparum Ix

caseis ii hogg[eshedes] pomorum pr. xl s.
De navî Johannis Baste xviii die Decembris

De Petro van Coleyn' pro ÎH pipis cum xx qiiartpotts at xx

pQtel pott5 stanni et cardebordis pr. xl s*
De na\T Hen rid Wet>Tibek' xxx die Decembris
De eodem pro di."" remeholt pr, x s.
De Hans Holf te pro ii lastis piccis pr. xxxii s. et pro iii parvis

pedis cere ponderis di. quintalli et di. qr.
De Lauren tie Scotyir pro iii barellis tarre magnîs barellis dî.

barello smolt ii ferondell[isI ang[uillanim] salsamm î parv'

oAle c libris fili pro velis pr. xl s.
De Albrighto Lyghtbeker' pro i lasta smolt ii barellis salmonîs

iiii barellis iii meisis cupri mbei pr. £x\' xvi s. viii d. et pro

ii pedis cere ponderis vii quintallorxim et iii qr.
De Lambryghto Colve pro ii lastis piccis pr, xxxiii s* iiii d. et

pro vi* pedis cere ponderis xviii quintallorum
De Johanne Dasse pro viii pedis cere ponderis xxxv

quintallorum et î qr.
De Frowlyk* Clevynghous pro xîi barellis salmonis pr. £viii
De Euerardo Freman' pro viii lastis lini ii lastis di. smolt iiii

lastis dorse vi barellis coprose vii bond[ellis] ferri pr. £iiii**

ii x s.
De Lodowico Wedynghous pro ii pedis cere ponderis v

quintallorum et di*
De Bertram' Cleherst pro ii barellis coprose pr, £iii
De Ertmer Swart pro ii peciis cere ponderis ix quintallorum
De He>Tiemanno Hankynbergh' pro iiii pedis cere ponderis

xi quintallorum et qr. unius quintalli
De navi Pero de Bayonna vi die Januarii
De eodem pro ii pipis vinegre i barello iii jarris olei pr. xxxiii s,

iiiid.
De Lopo Alfonns' pro til parvis barellis olei pr. xvi s. viii d.
De AJvero Laurens pro xx ropet ceparum pr. iii s. iiii d.

5o6

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Gonsaluo Laurens pro î barello old pr. v s.
De Laurens Gromett' pro iiii*^ orenges pr. iii s. iïïî d.
De navi WîUelmi Johnsson xxix die Januarii
De Johanne Potte pro xvi balls madre pr* £x3d vi s. \iii d.
De Lodowico Wedynghous pro vi barellis nimbi pr, £vî
De Johanne Stroll' pro vi barellis nimbi pr. £vi
De Nicholao John' pro iii doliis i pipa smolt pr. £xîî
De Heynemanno Hank>Tibergh* pro i barello cum M niskyn

pr, xxiii s. iiii d.
De Clais Gyrdeler' pro î barello cum diverse haberd[ashe] pr*

XX s.
De navi Conradi Roulande eodem die

De eodem pro m caboches îii'' bmichis ceparum pr. xl s.
De navi Johannis Johnsson eodem die
De eodem pro ii*^ barellis ceparum î barello anguillarum

salsarum rubeamm pr, Iv s.
De na\â Gîlîs Broune eodem die

De WïUebïio Merle pro ii*^ barellis ceparum ii*^ câboches pr

IHl s* iiii d.
De Antonio Franc' pro iii doliis olei pr. £xv
De navi Levyn Holander' eodem die
De Francisco Balby pro xîi balis dates î pipa pulveris pro

pellibus pr. £xiiii
De Isebrand* Segr* pro i pipa cum xvii dossenis cardewan pr.

£iiii
De Johanne Salmer pro ii rep[es] batr[y] pr. £v x s.
De Lodowico Wedj-nghous pro vi barellis rumby pr. £vi
De Colyn Sipr>'s pro ii pipis cum myltyngpotts pr. xi s. viii d.
De He>Tieman Hankj^bergh* pro î barello anguillarum

salsarum i barello cum x" ruskyn pr. £x
De Poulo Melan' pro xii barellis saponis i barello cum ii"

ruskyn i dolio i pipa cum i pecia naperie i pecia towayU' ii

mant[eUis] martjiiz iiii maotellis x tymbriis grey ii pedis

reynz vii bankers et iîîî costers de tapîsery pr. £lx
De navi Olardi He>Tisson eodem die
De Willelmo Johnsson pro iii^ barellis ceparum c bouchis

allei c caboches pr, £iiii x s.

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

507

De navi Jacobi Petri Johnsson eodem die
De Clais Williamsson pro îiî*^ barellis cepanim iii*" bonchis
allei pr. £v xv s.
De navi Heyne Pott' eodem die
De Johanne Dasse pro viii lastis cinenim pr, £vm
De Ertmer Swart pro i lasta dî. anguiJJarum salsanim iiii
barellis nimbi xxii barellis tarre iii pipis wode pr. £xxi
vi s. viii d.

De Gerardo Balaunsmaker pro î corfe cum diverse haberd-
[ashe] pr. xxxiii s- iiii d.
De navi Simonis Johnsson eodem die
De eodem pro di. lasta querns tonz c oUis terre iii barellis

seminis senapii pr, xv s.
De Johaime Potte pro iiii saccis seminis cepanim pr. £iiii
De Hans Dasse pro vi saccis seminis cepamm pr, £vi
De Willelmo Amoldesson pro i barello cum vi dossenis cultel-

lomm et triade boxfes] pr. xxiii s. iiii d.
De Tydman Quest>Tibergh' pro ii di. barellis calibis pr. £vîîi
De navi Andrée Reynersson eodem die

De Antonio Francisco pro v doliis olei pr, £xxv
De navi Petri Laurensson eodem die
De eodem pro c barellis ceparum iii*^ bonchis alleî pr» £iiî
iii s, iiiid.
De navi Willelmi Traunt eodem die
De Herman Bragh' pro di. bareUo calibis pr, £iiii
De Clais Terlyng' pro c basiropez pr. vi s. viii d.
De Otte van Dome pro i barello cum triacle boxes pr. xx s.
De Johanne Dasse pro î bala fust[ian] i fardello latone plates
pr. £xv

De navi Gerardi Johnsson eodem die

De eodem pro iiii^ stubilelles xxxii*^ shaftelles xxii" pymper-

nelles vii barellis anguillarum et ii barellis pympemeUes

sals* pr, £xxxiii
De Franke PaJyng' pro di. barello bristelles pr. xx d.
De Gerbrand' Heykysson pro iii barelUs anguillarum

salsarum pr. £iii

So8

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De navi Simoois Albryghtsson eodem die
De eodem pro liii*^ stubîlelles JûDdi*" shafteUes X3cvu?* p>Tn-
pemeUes xviii barellis anguilamm salsarum li pedis tele
Uni pr. £xlvi vi s, viii d.
De Stereman' Henry pro vi barellis anguillarum sabanim pr.
£vi
De navi Petri Heykysson eodem die
De eodem pro iiii*^ stubbilelles xx3f schaftelles xrvïïî*
pympemelles i lasta anguillarum salsarum i barello seminis
senapii pr. £xxjàx vi s, vih d.
De navi Martyiii Bowdynsson eodem die
De Henrico Peresson pro iii"^ 1 bareUis ceparum uii*" bonchis
allei di.*" caboches pr. £vi viii s. iiii d.
De navi Gerbrand Heykesson eodem die
De eodem pro iiii*^ stubbilelles xxvii*^ shafteUes xxiii"
pympemelles iii barellis anguillarum salsarum iiii barellis
pympemelles sals' i parvo sacco plumarum pr. £xsx
De na\i Johannis Matys eodem die

De Claîs S>Tiiondesson pro iiii barellis seminis senapii i

barello saponis pr. xxiii s. iiii d.
De Johanne Potte pro ii di, barellis calibis i fardello latone

plates pr. £ix
De Johanne Dasse pro i bala fûst[îan] di. bala carde pr, £xvi
De navi Gerardi Claisson eodem die
De eodem pro ii di. barellis anguillarum salsarum nibearum
pr. vi s. viii d.
De navi Jacobi Woutersson eodem die

De eodem pro i lasta di. querostones pr, xiii s. iiii d.
De navi Johannis Scolte eodem die
De eodem pro viii barellis biere pr. xxvi s. ™i d.
De Ertmer Swart pro xviii barellis rumbi di. bala carde pr.

£xxiiii
De Bertram Cleherst pro i barello cum iiii" poples ii"

rusk>7i' pr. £xii
De Johanne Salmer pro i fardello i barello batry ii balls pel-
vium pr, £xxiiii z s.

TBE PETTY CUSTOM

509

De Heynemanno Haiikynbergh* pro viii barellis anguillarum

salsanim pr. £v
De Lauren tjo Lang' pro vi pîpîs linî cnidi pr. £vi
De Ba\'î Petri Menxsson eodem die
De Hans Basse pro xx saccis semmis cepamm i barello cum

iiii*^ gladîîs xiiii vats uii pipis wode pr. £iiii^
De Ertmer Swart pro iii balis serainis cepamm i barello cum

mas' clogges pr. £xvi
De Lodowico Wedynghous pro ii pakes fill Colonie i bala
carde iii saccis semmis cepamm iii di. barellis plaie i parvo
bondello la tone wyre pr. £xxxv^ xvi s* viii d.
De Clais Deiyksson pro ii barellis olei i barello seminis

senapii i vaga di. vitri di, lasta querastones pr, £iii v s.
De Bertram Cleherst pro x di. barellis calibis pr. £xl
De na^d Lambe Taunt eodem die

De Hans Dasse pro xxvii barellis cupri rubei pr. £xxvii
De Hans Knyght pro xii barellis plates ii pakes fili Colonie
viii shermanshers i barello cum diverse haberd[ashe] pr.
£xxxv VÎ s. viii d.
De Segr' Coster pro i barello dates pr. vi s. viii d.
De navi Willelmi Gerardesson eodem die

De Petro Claisson pro v** teuch* ii peciis tele lini pr* £ix
De Petro Heykysson pro xii barellis anguillarum salsanim pr.
£xii
De navi Vedery (?) [ — Jaysson eodem die

De Antonio Fraunseys pro iiii doliis olei iii pipis grani pro

panno pr. £lx
De Johanne van Bussh' pro xi saccis nuc[ium] pr. Uii s. iiii d.
De Denys van Aleste pro iiii barellis i cista i corfe cum diverse

haberd[ashe] pr. £xiii vi s. viii d,
De Otte van Dome pro i barello cum diverse haberd[asbe]

pr. XX s.
De Philippo Albert pro ii balis batry pr. £xii
De Hans Derman' pro xvi cistis vitri i barello cum iiii
manteUis calaber' viii mantellis calaber stage ii manteUis
martyn throtez ii mantellis misefune ii manteUis ficheux
pr. £xii

JL-J

Sio

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Hans Knyght pro vi balis madre vi barelUs plates iii
pîpis cambe xviii shermanshers ii barellis i corfe cum iiti
sell' et diverse haberdl[ashe] pr. £xxKxii(?) xiii s, îîiî d.
De navi Jos BuraeU' eodem die

De eodem et îiî sodis pro xlvii parv* mauiides phis rec[ent' ?]

pn xxvi s, vLÎî d.
De Lodowico Wedynghous pro vi** di. pavyngtyll' ii*" ponteir

wold* xviii barellis olei pr. £xviii
De Gerardo Danitz pro i parvo fardello cum iii peciis tele

lini pr. xx s.
De Godfrey Mart>Tissoii pro i dossena sarranim pr, v-is.
viiid.
De navi Johanms Tomey iii die Februarii

De eodem pro i parvo sacco lini pr, iii s. iiii d.
De navi Johannis Ordysson eodem die

De Heynemaimo Harik>Tibergh' pro iii balis madre pr. £iiii
De Clais Ole pro \i balis madre pr. £viii
De navi Petri van Hill' vii die Februarii
De Clais Johnsson pro xxvi barellis anguillarum salsarum

V barellis pympernelles sals' pr. £xxviii v s.
De Fappe Johnsson pro x barellis anguillarum salsamm pr £x
De navi Petri Botsak' xiiii die Februarii
De eodem pro ii*" barellis ceparum ii"^ boncMs ailei pr. liiî s,

iiiid.
De Petro Laurens pro iiii barellis olei parv[is] b[arelUs] pr,
xlviiis.
De navi Johannis Wybrandesson eodem die

De eodem pro ii" iii'' shaf telles iii"" stobbylellespr. £x iii s. iiiid.
De navi Henrici Lunyng' xxviii die Marcii
De Fernando Alfonns pro c orenges pr, xx d.
De Petro Yanus pro vii pipis grani pro panno i doUo olei w!^

orenges vii peciis ficorum pr. £c v(?)
De Bartholomeo Stephens pro i doUo olei pr. £iiii x s.
De Petro Clott* pro iiii*^ comuum pr, iii s. iui d.
De navi Johannis Johnsson eodem die

De eodem pro ii barellis saponis c olUs terre ii hodes hoppes
pr, xl s.

THE PETTY CUSTOM

Sii

De Comelio Williamsson pro di.^ bonchis allei pr. x s.

De Johanne Gerardesson pro xiii barellis anguillarum sal-
sarum pr, £% xiii s. liii d.

De Paneras' Johnsson pro iFl barellis cepanim pr. £iii Ui s*
iii d.
De navi Sele Wysson* eodem die '

De Bertram' Cleherst pro viîî barellis nimbi vîîi di. barellis
anguillarum salsamm pr. £xii

De Francisco Balby pro xv balis dates debil' pr. £xv

De Johanne Amoldesson pro v dossenis di, cordewanfi] pr.
xlvis. vîîî(?) d.
De Galea Per* Balby eodem die [xi die Augusti]

De Francisco Balby pro xxxiiî balis piperis i bala long' peper
xii cases canelle ii balis gal>Tig[ale] ii balis clowys iiii balis
grani paradisi xviii barellis sugT[e] xviii balis zinziberis xl
balis et fardellis grani pro panno iiii saccis spong[iarum] i
sacco zinziberis maykjTi iiii fardellis cum i coupl[e] satyn
velu tat' broch[adyd] cum auro continent' ii pec[ias] et di. i
couple velvett[e] velutat' cremes>Ti continent* ii pecias et
di- i couple velvette cremesyn continent' ii pecias et di, vî
pedis velvette diversorum colomm continentibus xiiii
pecias xiiii paperis serici fyn c xx libris serici crudi pr. £m
ix*^ X V s. vi d. et pro xvi balis cere ponderis liii quintal-
lorum et iii qr.

De Prangate Justynean' pro xiiii balis zinziberis xiiii balis
canelle pr. £iii^ xxxiii xiii s. iiii d.

De Bernardo Dodo et Gerol>ino Fusculo pro i bala zinziberis
belandyn^ i fardello cum xx paperis serici fyn' pr. £lLx vii s.

De Danytz Conteryn' pro i fardello serici crudi pr, £xl

De Vrsato Morasyn^ pro iii balis zinziberis i bala clowez v
barellis zinziberis viridis iii balis canelle xxvii barellis sugre
i fardello serici crudi i cista cum xxxil dossenis kerch[efs] de
cipr[esj iiii pedis chamelet pr. £iii*^ xlviii xv s.

^ Owiag to the inaperfect condition of much of the rest of the manuscript, this
Is the last coitsecutive entry of a shipmeat printed. Oa account of the importance
of the ItaliaQ trade, however, one of the two galley car^goes Ikted in the rest of the
account is included here. The very last entry of the account b dated i$ September.

51^

THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Johanne de Cambe pro i bala cânelle i bala pqiens i bak
ztnziberis b|elandyn'] pr. £xssvi vi s. vîîî d.

De Johanne de Marconovo pro xi balis zînzïberis %iî halis
granî pro panno v balls piperis ii di. barellis zmziberis
viridis i baJa down's iiii paperis send fyn pr. £iiii'^xxiz \i s.

De Matheo Conrado pro ii balis piperis iiii balis zinzibcris
pr. £iiii"xix iii s. iiii d.

Dc Fantyn' Canale pro iii balis zinziberis vî balis piperis i
bala clmids u barellis mac(is] i dsta aim i peda satyn
velvettç ii parvis sacds grani paradisi i libra mimbr^(?)
dnigg' pr. £îiî'^xiii

De Jacomo Barbarig* pro ii balis zinziberis ii balls piperis i
bala clowys x barellis saltpet[re] pr, £cxliiii iii s. iiii d.

De Jacomo Barbarig' et Fantyn' Georgfe] pro v balis zinzi-
beris blelandyn-] pr. £c ii xx d.

De Bartholomeo Valeresson pro viii balis zinziberis v balis
piperis vi barellis zinziberis viridis v fardellis cum c libris
serid crudi lix paperis serid fyn xviii paperis send mes' i
couple damask/ continent' iii pedas i couple damask'
cremesyn* continent' xxîî vergas rv couples damask'
diversorum colomm continent' xlix pecias iiii pecns
velvette asure vi couples damask* diversorum colorum
broch[adyd] cum auro continent' xix pecias et di. i couple
velvette velutat* cremesyn broch[adyd] cum auro con-
tinent' xix pecias et di. i couple velvette velutat* creme-
syn brûch[adyd] cum auro continent' iii pecias i peda
damask* nigr* pr. £vii'^ Ixxviii xiiii s.

De Marco Vener' pro i bala canelle i bala zinziberis iiii
box[es] boras[is] pr, £xxvi

De Georgio Bembo pro vi balis piperis ii balis zinziberis viii
barellis sugre i bala sugre candi pr. £c Hx iii s. iiii d.

De Lodowico Thomasyn* pro v barellis saltpetre ii balis
torbyte pr. £rvîii xiii s. iiii d.

De Philippo TajT^er' pro ii balis zinziberis i bareUo sugre
candi ii barellis matis i barello long' peper i sacco gar-
demo>Ti' pr. £bdx

TEE PETTY CUSTOM

S 13

De Thoma de Boyne pro iiii balis zinziberis i bala dowez 1

case canelle pr. £liij vi s, viii d.
De Marco Conterj^i/ pro iii balis zinziberis i bala piperis î

bala canelle 1 bala clowis vii barelHs reisalgi i cista cum

xviii paperis send îyn^ ii paperis serici mes* ii pedis satyn

velvette pr. £c iiii^ v iiii s.
De Antonio Fraunseys pro iîî barellîs zînziberis vîridis vîî

barellis sugre i barello mile et reobarb ii cistis cum c xl peciis

tariûrynz i fardello cum xv paperis serid fyn xxx papiris

serici mes' pn £cc X3rii xiiii s. i d.
De Ector Belonn* pro îîi fardellis sericî crudî pr. £iiiî"x
De Nicholao John' pro i cista cum xxxviî peciis tartarynz iîî

pedis iaffaia lii pedis lampasduk' pr. £xxxviii
De Philippo Albert pro xlii barellis sugre îi balis grany pro

panne iîîi saccis crocî îi saccis verdegres' i barello verdram

i bala grani paradisî xîii barellis saltpetre pr. £iii^ brix vi s.

vîii d.
De Francisco Conteryn' pro v balis rysî pr. £iii vi s-

viii d.
De Nicholao George pro xiiii balis dates ii barellis confec-

torum îiîi balis risi iiii undis auri Venes[ie] pr. £xxîx vi s.

viii d-
De Johanne de Provan' pro v balis grani pro panno pr. £k

et pro vii balis cere ponderis xxv quintallorum
De Stephano Tumebon' pro î cista cum 1 dossenis kerch[efs]

de dpr[esl xxx peciis tartarynz pr, £iiii^
De Pero Balby et Fantyn' Canale pro Iviii parvis barellis

saltpetre pr. £lvîiî vi s, viii d.
De Antonio de Melan' pro x barellis capr[is] iii balis bodge pr.

£lxiii vi s. viii d.
De Marco Christian' pro iii parvis sacds piperis i parvo

barello zînziberis viridis îiî barellis oleî î dsta iiii barellis

saltpetre iii barellis capr[isl v'' spongîîs pr. £xxvi
De Nicholao de Mîch[el]o et Clement Rytso pro î fardello

cum xxiiii paperis send fyn xviii paperis serid mes' pr.

£lxvi xiii s.

514

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Rytso pro xvi paperis serici fyn rvi paperis i
clout* serici mes' Oil p[eciis] broketts de Lubyk* pr. £bd

xvîiî s, ii d.

De Domenîco Velan' pro x paperis serici fyn pr, £]adii v s.

De Blaseo de Jar' Stephano Daraguss[on] Johanne Cassen-
dryno Johanne Ritso Manole de Candia Johanne de Pad
Mer' de Curfu Blaseo Negr* Blaseo Bold* et pro iiu**xv*
sociis suis in portag[iol pro iiii cistis i bareOo ii ollis et lîi
vîoir aque rosalie i boxe galbannum iiii barellis orpemeni
I sacco seduale ix cistis ii barellis iii sacck dates x cistis v
barellis et x\'i saccis pi|>eris xliii barellis di, olei iii sakes i
barello spongiamm ii cistis i barello et xî saccis grani pro
panno ii cistis v barellis confectorum iiii peciis tartarynes
1 caseis xvi semiis i marmoset' ii parvis barellis viii ollis
zinziberis viridis i barello vii ollis sitrenade xxiii libris
pectjinum] de yvor[y] xix*^ iiii"» orenges i boxe argenti \H>i xi
carpetts 1 peciis vitri c v virreriis vitri ii boxes boras[is] i
cista iii barellis capHs ix cistis ii barellis ii sakes zinziberis
c Hbris esmeri i barello xx libris triacJe rvii pec[iis]
kerchfefsj de cotton* iii cistis ii barellis saltpetre i dsta iii*
lymmtz xxii pec[iis} kerch[efs] de relisaunse ii saccis nuc[ium]
i boxe frenge serici ii peciis panni serici ii paperis serici fyn
iiii libris serici aperti xviii paperis serici mes' di, peda
senliali 1 pomegamade viii plates vitri i popingay i sake
seminis pro popingaiis i sake pomeis' i barello risi i libra
auri Venes[ie] i cista prunys pr. £v*^ ix iiii s. i d. et pro di.
quintallo cere.

CHAPTER XII

THE SUBSIDIES

Subsidies ^ were granted to the king at first by merchants, later
by the Commons or by the House of Lords, and finally by a full
parliament. The grant by merchants is illustrated by the first
document in this chapter; the grant by the Lords by the second
document; and the grant by a full parliament by the other doc-
uments in the chapter, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward
m (in the early part of his reign) all made use of the non-parlia-
mentar>^ subsidy. It was Edward III that adopted, or was com-
pelled to adopt, the strictly parliainentar>^ subsidy, to which his
successors long adhered. As the non-parliamentary customs of
1303 and 1347 waned in importance, the parliamentar>^ subsidies
became an ever increasing source of government support. The
issue between them was clearly and sharply drawn in the consti-
tutional struggles of the seventeenth century.

When we look at subsidies, not from the standpoint of the
authority granting them but from the standpoint of the kind of
goods taxed, we find that there were three classes, all illustrated
here. The first is the subsidy on wool, woolfells, and hides
exported to foreign lands. The second is the poundage subsidy,
at various rates, 6 d.,^ 8 d.,* and finally 12 d,,^ on general merchan-
dise imported or exported. The third is the tuneage subsidy, a
specific duty of 2 s., later 3 s., on a tun of wine imported.' The
second and third were usually granted together as one subsidy,
the subsidy of tunnage and poundage.

Ï See above, pp. 77-85 and § 27 (pp. 250-351).
> See below, j 49 (pp. 522-525).
» See below, j $1 (pp. 553-559)-

• Sec beiow, i 50 (pp, 5^6-553), § 53 (pp. s<5<^S94)i H SS^S^ (PP- ^06-6^).

• See below, pp» 553* <^-

fil

Si6

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

8 47, An account of the subsidy an wool^ wool/ells , and kideSf cd-
lecied in the port oj Boston, i August, 12Ç4 — ij May, i2çy

Although here called a ** custom," this was really a subsidy
granted by the merchants of England for two or three years, if
the war against France should last so long,*

Seven companies of Lombards were exporting nearly all the
wool and most of the woolfeUs. The rector navis^ literally steers-
man, probably captain, is seen engaged in trade on a small scale.
The accounts as totaled are said to exceed the real totals by a few
pence. Record is kept of the fee for the cocket, and a due called
levagium is accounted for at the rate of Jd. for each whole sack
of wooL The rate on ordinary wool and on woolfeUs was 40 s. a
sack and on hides 66 s. Sd. a last

Hec sunt omnes lane pelles lanute et corea ad partes trans-
marinas ducte per portum Sancti Botulphi a festo Sancti Petri
quod didttir ad Vincula anno regni Regis Edwardi vicesimo
secundo usque ad quartum dedmum diem Maii anno regni
Regis Edwardi vicesimo terdo. Receptores custume domini regis
apud Sanctum Botulphum Johannes Idelsone et Thomas Peyt per
visum et testimonium Willelmi de la Bruere clerid domini regis,'
Navis Frederici de Humber de Lubek' recessit extra portum
Sancti Botolphi cum lanis \dcesimo die Novembris anno regni
Regis Edwardi vicesimo terdo indpiente

Euerardus de Colonia xiiii sacd xxv petre in xvscarpellfariis]

}cust,] £xxix xviii s, vi d.
Kerkynus Merbode xix sacd xi petre in xx scarpellariis

£xxxviii xviis,
Johannes Clippyng xxx sacd xviii petre in xxxi scarpellariis

£lxi vii s. ÎX d,
Henricus Stalebouke xv sacd vii petre in xvi scarpellariis

£xxx X s. ix d.
Ludier' Longus xix sacd xix petre in xx scarpellariis

£xxxix ix s. ill d.
Johannes Crus xiîii sacd xxiii petre in xv scarpellariis

£xxix XV s. vi d.

* Sec above, p. 79, n. 2.

» MS., R. 0., K. R. Customs, 5/4,

THE SUBSIDIES

517

Godiscalcus Hundeskeythe xv sacd in xv scaq>ellariis £xxx
Thedard Camifex v sacd i petra in v scarpellariis

£x xviîî d. ob.
Conradus de Lune x sacd iiii petre et di. in xi scarpellariis

£xxvis, xid.
Albrictus de Hactethorp' v sacd xxilii petre in vi scarpel-
lariis £xi XVÎÎ s.
Johannes Swarte x sacd vi petre in x scarpellariis

£xx ix s. iii d.
Rector navis iiii correa et i pellis lanuta xvii d. ob.

Summa c Ixi sacd viii petre et dî.

Summa custume recepte per particnlas

£ccc xxii xîii s. v d. et ob.

Et sdendum est quod particule excédant summam saccorum

per iiii d. et ob.
Item iiii correa et î peliîs lanuta xvii d. et ob,

Summa levagii îstius navis vi s. vî d,
Summa cokecti xxîi d,
Navis Johannis Sterneberith de Almannia recessît extra portum
Sancti Botulphi cum correis xx die Novembris anno supradicto
Loudier' Longus v laste xix dacre correorum

£3dx xvi s. viîii d.
Frederîcus de Lupe v laste et H correa £xvi xiîii s.

Rector navis vîO dacre et îx correa xxix s. viii d,

Robertus Hoaldebery iii dacre correorum x s.

Euerardus de Mînster v correa xx s.

Summa xî laste xl dacre vî correa

Summa custume £xxxvîu xii s.

Summa cokecti viii d,

Navîs Petri del Dan' de Sancto Botulpho recessit xxii die
Novembris

Johannes Tubil de Malyus xxix saccî i petra in xxx scarpel-
larns £lviii xviii d. ob.

Gïlbertus de Chesterton' xvîî sacd xx petre in xviii scarpel-
lariis £xxxv X s. ix d.
Gilys de Milleubek' xix sacd vi petre m xx scarpellariis

£xxxviii ix s, iii d.

Si8

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Summa Ixvi sacd i petra

Summa aistume £c xxxii xviîi d. et ob. probata

Summa levagii îî s. viii d. ob,

Summa cokectî vi A

Navis Willelmi del Suthfen' de Almannîa xxîi die Novembris

AJbrictus de Hactethorp' xi sacd xiiii petre in xii scarped

lariis £xxiii rviii d, ob.

Henricus Stalebouke vi sacd xxiii petre in vii scarpeDarils

£xiii XV s. vi d.
Jobanjies Cms ix sacd xvii petre in x scarpellariis

£xix VÎ s. iî
Johannes Swarte x sacd xxiii petre in xii scarpellariis

£xxixvs.vid:
Ludier' Longus xi sacd xxv petre in xii scarpellariis

£xxiiixviiis.vid.
Hermannus Paranis' vii sacd xx petre et di, in \dii scarpel-
lariis £xv xi s. xi d. ob.
Godiscalais Hundeskeythe ix sacd xxv petre in x scarpel-
lariis £xix xviiî s. vi d*
Bertram Merbode ix sacd xxi petre in xi scarpeUariis

£xix xii s. iii d. ob.
Thedard Carnifex v sacd vi petre in vi scarpellariis

£x ix s. iii d.
Conradus de Lune xv sacci in xv scarpellariis £ixi

Johannes Morel vi sacd viii petre in viii scarpellariis

£xii xii s. iii d. ob.
Summa c v sacd et di. petra

Summa custume recepte per particulas £ccrx xiii d.

Particule excedunt summam saccorum istius navis per iiii d.
Summa levagii iiii s. i d.

Summa cokecti xxii d.

Summa totalis custume £m viii*^ xxxvii iiii d. ob. tam de
Lumbardis quam de aliîs mercatoribus '

Summa toUus lane tani Lumbardorum quam quorumdam
aliorum mercatorum carcate in predictis xiiii navibus trans-
fretantibus post Nativitatem Domini anno supradicto ix*^ xviii
^ All between this and tlie precedbg entry is here omitted.

I
■
I

TEE SUBSIDIES

S 19

sacd xiii petre pro septem sodetatibus de Lumbardis lanas suas
predictas deliberantibus per mandatum domim regis sine
custuma apud Sanctum Botulphum înde solvenda prout patet per
partltulas et edam per eonun litteras inde conlectas viiF Ixviii
sacd viii petre videlicet

Sodetas Mozonnn deliberavit c Iviii saccos vii petras

£ccc xvi X s, ÎX d.
Sodetas Friscobaldorum c i saccos xx petras

£cc iii X s. ix d.
Sodetas Bardonim c xxxvi saccos xv petras

£cc Ixxîîi [ ] * s. ob.
Sodetas Circlonim Nigromm hmx saccos vîiî petras

£c Iviii xii s. V d. ob.
Sodetas Circlorum Alborum c bcviii saccos viii petras

£ccc xxxvi xii s. iiii d. ob,
Sodetas Pulcbonim et Rîiibertînomm Ixxî saccos v petras

£c xlii vii s* ix d. ob.
Sodetas Johannis Friscobaldi c Iii saccos xxîii petras

£ccc v XV s. iiii d. ob.
Item idem sodetas viii^ peUes lanute et xxxiiii pelles

£v xi s. il d. ob.

Et sic est summa saccomm lane septem sodetatum predi-

canim de Lumbardis custumam domini regis apud Sanctum

Botolphum non soîventibus viiî*^ lx\dîî sacd viM petre sîcut

predictum est et viii'^ pelles et xxxiiiî

Et sic restât de lams quorumdam alîorum mercatorum custu-
mam dondni regis apud Sanctum Botulphum solventium et in
predictis xiîii navibus carcatis ut patet superius per partîculas
1 sacd v petre

Summa custume pro eisdem lanis per particulas recepte £c
vii s. xî d. Particule excedunt summas per î d. ob.

Item summa pellium lanutarum in dsdem xiiii navibus trans-
euntibus m vilî*^ xvîi pelles unde debet subtrahi pro Lumbardis
dictam custuman apud Sanctum Botulphum non soîventibus
videlicet pro sodetate Johannis Friscobaldi sicut predictum est
viii^ et xxxiiii pelles

* The manuscript at this point is defective and illegible.

520

l^>.\^ .i# - --.^

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Et sic restât de pellibus aliorum mercatorum custumam ibidem
solventium ix*^ iiii'"^ lii pelles

Summa custume inde recepte £vi xi s. ii d. et ob.

Item summa correorum in eisdem xiiii uavibus transeimtibus
i lesta ix dacre et ix correa

Summa custume inde recepte £iiii xix s. viîi d.

Summa recepcionis totius custume pro lanis pellibus lanutis
et corrcis carcatis in predictis xiiii navibus transfretan-
tibus post Nativitatem Domini anno supradicto unde
coUectores eiusdem custume apud Sanctum Botulphum
debent carcari £c xi xviii s. viii d. et ob.

Summa levagii recepti de predictis xiiii navibus transeuntis
cum lanis Lumbardorum xxxvi s. v d. ob.

Summa recepta pro cokecto de eisdem xiiii navibus

xiiii s. viii A

§ 48. An accounl of a subsidy or an increment of the ancient
custom,'^ on wool, woolJeUs, and hides ^ colkcied at Bristol,
24 June — 28 September J 1322.

This increment of the ancient custom, here called a " subsidy/'*

was granted for the defence of the realm against the Scotch,
according to the reading of this document. As we know from
other sources,' the grant was made by merchants, alien and
denizen, rather than by parliament. The account printed here
includes the subsidy paid by denizens only. The rates are those
of the grant of 1275, In the absence of any knowledge of the

1 See also above, Î a?, p. 250.

* On s April, 1323, " the ariditional subsidy " on wool, woolfells, and hides was
said to have been ^* lately*' granted by ** native and foreign merchants." Calend4r
of Paient Rolls ^ Ed, II, voL 1321-1324, p, 283,

' Rotulus . . . dc subsidio lanarum coriorum et pdlJum lanutantm per merca-
tores alienigmas domino regi concesso a xviii die Novembris anno regni Regis
Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi xvi usque stxiiii diem Junii eodem anno. MS., R. 0.,
K. R, Customs, 56/22 (Port of Hull),

Rotulus . . . de subsidio lanarum cononim et pellium lanutantm per merca-
tores indigemis domino re^ concesso a viii die Novembris anno regni Regis Edwardi
ËUi regis Edwardi xvi usque xxiiii diem Junii eodem anno* MS.^ R. O., K. R. Cus-
toms, 56/23 (Port of Hull). See also the previous note.

I
I
I

I
I

TEE SUBSIDIES

S2I

ejcact date of the grant, we can only infer that it was somewhat
before 24 June, 1322,* probably May or June, 1322.

Compotus eorundem Qohannis de Romeneye et Gilbert! de

Derby, in portu Bristolli] de subsidio regi concesso pro defensione

ecclesie et populi regni contra hostiles aggressus Scotonim

inimicomm regis et regni de lanîs pellibos lanutîs et coreîs extra

regBum vehendîs videlicet de mercatoribus indigeîiîs ultra

antiquam aistumam inter festum Nativitatis Sancti Johannis

Baptiste anno xv et festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens.'

In navi vocata La Gracedieu de BristoUo unde Willelmus le

Kyng est magister. Ultimo die Augusti

Philippus le Wodeward xvi dacre inde cust. x s, viii d*

Thomas de Cheselbergh' U laste inde cust. ii mn

Gilbertus Fraunceis Junior xiii dacre inde

cust. ™i s. viii d.

Johannes AttewalF xii dacre inde cust, viii s.

In navi vocata La Trinité Bristolli ubi Nicholaus de BowalF

est magister. Septimo die Septembris

Bernardus de la Wolde de Brîstollo iiii sacci lane inde

cust. ii mr.
In navi vocata La James Bristolli unde Willehnus Rou est
magister
Thomas de Pennarth* iiii dacre iii coria inde cust. ii s. xid*
Johannes de Kaynesham xv coria inde cust. xii d.

Petrus Faure v dacre inde cust» iii s* iiii d.

In navi vocata La Cog' Spirit de BristoUo unde Johannes est
magister
Rogerus le Teslere xiîî dacre ii coria inde

cust. viii s. ix d. ob.

^ Writs were issued 18 May, 1323, (or the greater wool merchaats of the realm to
meet the council at York in the Octaves of Holy Trinity. Of course the aiifn wool
merchants may have been separately summoned. It has been conjectured that the
object of the colloquium was to discuss the affairs of the staple. Cf. J, C. Davies,
*^ An Assembly of Wool Merchants In 1323," Entîish Historîcùi Review ^ xxxi, pp.
5Ç7-5Ç8, and S9C-6o6 (1916)*

* MS., E, O., K. R, Customs, 15/2, See abo Calendar of Fine RûUs, 131^-1337,
pp. 135-^36-

522

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi vocata La Nauanne de BristoUo unde Willelmus dc
Hamptoeia est magister
Ricardus de Welle i lasta îiii dacre înde cust. xvi s.

Willelmus Hayl di. lasta inde cust. di. mr.

Henricus Shipman i lasta inde cust xUi s. iiii A

Johannes de WythiMir i dacra di, inde cust xii d.

Summa totalis coriorum viii laste v coria probata

inde cust. c vii s. ob, probata
Summa totalis lanamm iiii sacci probata

inde cust, xxvi s. viii d. probata
Summa totalis recepte novT subsidii

£vi xiii s. viii d. ob.

$49. An account of a subsidy on wool exported ^ and on gen^d
merchandise exported or imported^ Exeler, beginning
18 March, 1347^

This account is in two parts; the first up to 29 September, the
second up to 25 November, 1347, in the case of general merchan-
dise and up to ig April (day before Easter)» 1348, in the case of
wool. In the second it is stated that Topsham and Kenton were
included in the port of Exeter. Although it is not specified
whether the merchants were denizens or aliens, we may infer
from other sources that both were included. The rate on wool
was 2 s. per sack ; on general merchandise, not already subject to
special rates, 6d. per £. The comparative novelty of the subsidy
is evidenced in this account by the fact that the old term " cus-
tom" was applied to the new source of revenue, the parliamentary
** subsidy." W^ile the specified imports were salt, com, and
wine, the exports were general merchandise and wooL

It is to be noted that in this accoimt wine bears a poundage
rather than a tunnage rate. In other sources we read that there
was a subsidy of 2 s. per tun of wine imported.' From other
sources we know that the grant here accounted for began on
18 March, 1347, not only in this port of Exeter but generally;
that the returns were to be used for providing a convoy far

* More accurately, 18 Mardi, 1346-47.

• Rotuli ParliamenU>rum, u^ p. i66a (31 Ed. Ill, Jan., 1347-48),

THE SUBSIDIES

523

English merchandise, and for the safe-guarding of the English
coasts ;i and that the grant was made by a council of magnates.
The Commons were not present when the grant was made, and
when later a full parliament met, they made known their
objection by a petition against the grant. *

Computus Nicholai de Halbertone pro se et balli\âs Exonie
videlicet Thoma le Fourbur et Willelmo le Girdeler necnon
Galfrido Clerk' de Toppesham collectoribus custume dominî regis
de libra videlicet vid. de quîbusdam mercandîsiîs ad portum
ville Exonie adductas [sic] seu ab eodem vehendfisj a decîmo
octavo die Marcîi anno regnî Regis Edwardi Tertîî a Conquestu
Anglie vicesimo primo usque crastinum Sancti Mîchaelis proximo
sequens.^

Navis vocata La Trinité de Burdeaux applicavit ibidem

secundo die Aprilis cum parvis mercimoniis pr. £xxxii unde

est magîster Rogems Kyde et inde cust. de qualibet Ubra

vi d, xvi s.

Na\is vocata La Trinité de Dexmutha applicavit ibidem eodem

die ut supra cum sale pr. £x unde magîster Willelmus atte

Forde et inde cust. v s.

Navis vocata La Trinité Dexmutha appiicaiît ibidem ut

supra cum sale pr. £xv unde est magister Bartholomeus

Sopere et inde cust. vii s. vi d,

Navis vocata Le Michel Dexmutha applicavit ibidem xvîii die

Aprilis cum sale pr. £xv unde est magister Willelmus Elys et

inde cust vii s. vi d.

Batella vocata La Nicholas de Jeresye applicavit ibidem xix die

Aprilis cum blado pr. £iîii xvi s, viii d. unde est magister

Thomas Surdon' et mde cust, ii s. v d.

Navis vocata Le Michel de Jeresye applicavit ibidem xxii die

Aprilis cum parvis mercandisiis pr, £nii xvi s. viii d. unde est

magîster Willelmus Bernard et inde cust. ii s. v d.

^ MS-, R. O., Enrolled Accounts, Exch. L. T. R., Customs V, memb. 10 (21 Ed.
m). Cakndar 0} Paifni RalhtEâ. Ill, vol. 134S-134S/P. 264 (15 March, 1346-47).

• Rùtuîi Parliamefitorum, ii, p. i66a (11 Ed, III, Jan.» 1347-48)»

* MS., R. 0., K, R. Customs, 158/10.

524

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Navis vocata Le Petnis Dexmutha applicavit ibidem îî die
Mail aim vinis pr. £cc ix vi s. viH d. unde est magbter
Johannes Neel et inde oist, c îîii s. viii d,

Navis vocata La Trinité de Portesmutha applica^nt ibidem
xxvi die Maii cimi blado pr. £xvii unde est magister Johaûnes
Lyf et înde cust. viîi s. vj d.

Navis vocata Le Elianore de Dertinutha applicavit ibidem ixîîîi
die Jimii cum vinis pr. £hcx ili s. iiii d. unde est magister
Nicholaus de Otery* et inde cust. zxxv^ s. i d,

Navis vocata Le Cogge Johan' Dexmutha applicavit ibidem

xiiii die Julii cum diversis merdmoniis pr. £cxxi xi s. \4iid,

unde est magister Robertus Hoke et înde cust. £iii ix d. ob.

Summa totalis valons rerum et mercandisarum adduc-

tanim £iiii*^ iiii"^ xix xv s.

Lide cust. £xii ix s. x d. ob.

Custuma recepta in portu predict© de navibus vehatis a portu
predicto cum diversis mercimoniis ad partes exteras per tempus
predictum pretextu commissionis predicte videlicet:

Navis vocata Le Cogge Johan' Dexmutha vehavit a portu
predicto ad partes exteras vi die Mail cum xxxii saccis i qr.
lane unde est magister Robertus Hoke et înde cust. Ixîîîi s,
vi d. videlicet pro quolibet sacco ii s.
Navis vocata Le Margarete de Seint Mathu vehavit ad partes
exteras x\' die Junii cum pondio pr. £xii unde est magister
Johaimes Barry et inde cust. vi s.

Summa saccorum lane xxxii sacci i qr.

Inde cust. pro quolibet sacco ii s. bdiii s. vi d.

[Summa] valoris rerum et mercandisiarum eductarum

£xii Inde cust. vi s.

Summa totalis custume lane ac aliarum rerum ct

mercandisiarum tam adductarum quam eductarum

£xvi iiii d. ob.

Particule compotî Nîcholaî Halburton' pro se et baUi\îs
Exonîe videlicet Thoma le Fourbur et Willelmo le Gîrdeler

THE SUBSIDIES 525

neaion Galfrido le Clerk' de Topsham collectoribus custume
duomm solidomm de quolibet sacco lane et sex denariorum de
qualibet libra regi concessa in portubus civitatis Exonie Top-
sham et Keynton' anno xxi a crastino Sancti Michaelis die to anno
xxi usque xxvi diem Novembris proximo sequentem et ex tunc
de huius custuma ii soHdonun ad saccum tantum usque festum
Pasche tunc proximo sequens,

Navis vocata Le Bourmaye Dexmutha vehavit ad partes exteras
XX die Novembris cum diversis mercimoniis pr. £cxxiiii
xiii s. iiil d. unde est magister Ricardus Row et inde cust.

£iii ii s. îiîî d.

Navis vocata Le Petit Trinité Dexmutha vehavit ad partes
exteras eodem die ut supra cum par\âs mercimoniis pr.
jExxix iii s. îiîi d. unde est magister Bartholomeus Sopere et
înde 01st, xiîiî s. vîi d.

Navis vocata Le Trinité de Bourdeaux vehavit ad partes
exteras eodem die ut supra cum mercimoniis pr. £xiiU unde
est magister Rogerus Kyde et inde eus t. vii s.

Navis vocata Le George Johan' Dexmutha vehavît ad partes

exteras eodem die ut supra cum parvis mercimoniis pr. £xiî
unde est magister Benedictus de Ctyst* et înde cust, vî s*

Na\as vocata Cogge Johan' Dexmutha vehavît ad partes
exteras xi die Marcii cum xviii saccis lane unde est magister
Robertus Hoke et inde cust. xxxvî s, videlicet pro quolibet
sacco iî s.

Summa saccorum lane xvîii saccî înde cust. pro quolibet
sacco iî s, xxxvi s.

[Summal valoris rerum et mercandîsiarmn

£clxxix xvi s. viii d*

Inde cust. £îîii ix s. xi d*

Summa totalis subsfidiil lane ac aliarum rerum et

mercandisLamm eductarum £vi v s. xi d.

526 TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

§ 50. An account {controUer^s) oj a subsidy on wine impoHei
and a poundage subsidy on general merchandise exported by
aliens afid denizens, Lynn, 22 February, ijç2 — 5 February,

The controller's account was practicaUy a check list for the _
central authorities to test the accuracy of the accounts of the col- \
lectors of customs. It was t>pically without a summary. The
amount of customs when totalled proves to be £282 i s. loj d. and
the estimated value of the goods bearing the poundage (i2d. per
£), £5632 17 s. 6 d. The total number of cargoes is 78 carried in
vessels owned in the following ports:

Number of cargoes cuiied _
Ports ÎO ftbips of these poru

English : ..*...-..«..... 29

Lynn ..,.,.,.. , 38

Yannouth i

Foreign : , ..,,.. 49 (?)

Dantzig (Dansk) ........................ i6

Briel , 9

Dordrecht .... 6

Others , 18

No statistics of the nationality of the merchants engaged in this
trade can be compiled, because denizens and aliens were not
explicitly differentiated, owing to the fact that both paid the
same subsidies. The chief raw products exported were gram
(wheat, oats, rye, and malt), pulse (beans and peas), skins (calf,
goat, rabbit, and cat), tallow, and herring; of less importance^
nuts, rice, ashes, lead, and cheese. The principal manufactured
articles were cloth, of overwhelming predominance over all other
goods, haberdashery, hoods, mantles, old clothes, thrums, wine
(3 tuns) J chests, cJieese, beer, tunholt, and folding tables. The
variety of cloth is seen in the following list of cloth tenns;

1. Pannus

2. Pannus scissus in minutas partes

3. Pannus Anglie

4. Pannus Anglie albus

Rc^y, 22 Feb., 1391-92 — 5 Feb., i59a-l>3*

TEE SUBSIDIES

527

7^
8.

10.
II.
12*

13-

16.

I?'
18,
19,
20,
21.

22.

23-

24.

25-

Pannus Hîbemîe

Pannus Wallie

Pannus lanius

Paimus lanîus âlbus

Pannus lanîus non fullatus

Pannus strictus

Pannus strictus fullatus

Pannus latus

Pannus latus albus

Pannus albus

Pannus ruset

Damdok (pannus, pannus strictus)

Worsted

Worsted fullet

Worsted says

Kerseys

Chalon

Blankettes

Blankettes strict*

Canabus

Sackcloth

Rotulus Willekni Leche contrarotulatoris super computum
Johannis Drewe et Johannis Grene collectorum subsfidii] trium
soUdoriim de dolio vini et duodecim denariorum de libra de
omnibus aliis mercandisis a portu de Lenna exeuntibus et ab
înde de singulis portubus et locis usque Blakeneye et Wyssebeche
lanis coriis et pellibus lanutis tantum exceptis a xxii die Februarii
anno regni Regis Ricardi Secundi post Conquestiim xv usque vii
diem eiusdem mensis anno dicti domini regis xvi.^

In navi Johannis Owtelawe vocata James de Lenna exeunte
ultimo die Februarii anno supradicto
De eodem Johanne pro ii pedis panni lanii val. xxvi s, viii d.

sub. [is. 4dJ
De Willehno de Btycham pro ccc quarteriis frumenti vaL
£lxxv sub. [borv' s.J

^ MS.| R. O*, E. R. Customs, 94/14.

528

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Cook' pro x quarteriîs fabanun v quarteriis
avenanim vaL xliii s. iiii d. sub. [2s. 2a]

Summa bcxvîîi s, vi d.

In navî Gerardi Funk' vocata George de Dansk* exeunte

ultinio die Februarii anno supradicto
De Ricardo de Wylby pro panno lanio in ii fardelHs val. £Uiii

sub. [liiii s.]
Pe Thoma de Waterden* pro 1 duodenis panni lanîi val. £xUu

sub. [xliii s.]
De Johanne de Wynnegey pro 1 peciis panni strict! xx pedis

panni lati in ii p>Tinok* vaL £xxxv sub, [xxxv s,]

De Johanne de Wesenham pro iiii" kerseys xv pannis laniis

in iiii pynnok' vaL £xlvii sub. [xl\ni s.]

De Thoma Trussebut pro xviii pannis laniis in ii p>Tmok* val

£xxxiiii x s. fsub. xxxiiU s. vi d]

De Thoma Gerarde pro xvi pannis laniis in i fardello val.

£xxxiî [sub. xxxii s.]

De Johanne Lok' pro xl peciis panni stricti in î pynnok' \'al.

£xvi [sub. xvi s]

De Ricardo de Fransham pro xxx peciis panni stricti xv pedis

panni lati val. £xxviu [sub. xxviii s<]

De Johanne de Cambrygg' pro x pannis in 1 pynnok' val.

£xvi (sub. xvi s.]

De Johanne de Tyde pro xl duodenis panni lanii in i fardello

et Î pynnok* val £xxx [sub. xxx s-I

De Johanne Rode pro xl duodenis capparum c kerseys vaL

£xxxix xiii s. [iiii d.] [sub. xxxix s. vîiî d]

De Johanne de Brandon* pro xvi pannis laniis in i fardello vaL

£xo [vi s. viii d.] [sub. xxx 5. iiii d.]

De Thoma de Crowmer' pro xxviii peciis panni lati in i

fardello val. £xxvi vi s. viii d. sub. xxvi s. [iiii d.)

De Ricardo de Denby pro xxiiii peciis paimi lati in i farddio

vaL £xxv sub. xxv s.

De Edwardo Belleyett' pro xv pannis laniis in î fardello val.

£iuom sub. xxxii s.

Summa £xxiiii viii s, x d.

THE SUBSIDIES

5^9

In navi Johannis van Mustr* vacata Maryknyght' de Lubyk'

exeunte vii [die] Marcii anno supradicto
De Thoma de Waterden' pro xîitï paimis lanns in i fardello

val. £xxv xiii s. iiii d. sub, xxv s. viii d.

De Johanne de Wesenham pro xx pannis laniis in ii pynnok*

val £xlvi vi s. viii d. sub. xlvi s, iiii d.

De Ricardo de Fransham pro xvi peciis panni stricti iiii

pedis panni lati in i pynnok^ vaL £ix sub, ix s.

De Thoma de Berayngham pro 1 peciis panni stricti viii

pedis panni lati val. £xviii sub. xviii s.

Summa £iiii xix s.

In navi Thome Fouler^ vocata Mary de Lenna exeunte xrii die

Mardi anno supradicto
De Johanne de Wyrmegey pro vii pannis laniis in î pyimok'

val. £xii sub. xii s.

De Johanne Wace pro xl duodenis panni lati in î fardello val.

£xxxv sub* XXXV s.

De Henrico Gait pro xxiii duodenis panni lati in i fardello

val. £xx sub. XX s.

De Johanne Waryn pro xxiiii pedis panni lati xiiii peciis

stricti in i fardello vah £xxv sub, xxv s.

De Johanne de Lak3mghyth' pro v pannis laniis in î pynnok'

val. £ix sub, ix s.

De Johanne Lok' pro xvi duodenis panni lati in i pynnok'

val. £xîîî sub, xiii s.

De Thoma Berford' pro xiii pedis panni lati in i pynnok' val.

£xu sub. xii s.

De Hugone de Well' pro iiii pannis laniis m i pynnok' val.

£vîî sub. vii s.

Sunoma £vi xiii s.

In navi Alani Cork' vocata Mary de Lenna [exeunte] xxvîî die
Marcii anno supradicto
De Thoma Attestyle pro Ix kerseys in î fardello val. £xiii

sub. xiii s.

De Jobaime Blaunche pro xvii pannis laniis in i fardello val

£xxx sub. XXX s.

ffO fÏÏElSAkty MGÛSE CUSTOMS

De Thoma de Waterden' pro viii panels laniis in î pynnok*

val. £x\i sub. XVI s.

De Thoma Tmssebut pro xl pedis panni strictî iiiî pedis

panni latj in î pynnok' val £xviu sub. xvîii s. ■

De WiUelmo de Brycham pro xx pannis laniis in i fardello

vaK £xlî sub, xlîs.

De Johanne Herte pro xxviiî duodenis panni lati in î fardello

val £xxv sub. xxv s.

Summa £vu iïï s.

In navî Johannîs de Wyssebeche vocata Michael de Lenna

exeunte xx\uî die Marcii anno supradicto
De Thoma Attestyle pro xi pannis laniis in i fardello val

£xx X s. sub. XX s. \i d.

De Johanne Attestyle pro iîii pannis in î pynnok' val £\ii

sub, vii 5.
De Rogero de Wals>Tigham pro 1 peciis panni vocatî damdok'

xvi peciis panni lati in i fardello val £xxx sub. xxx s.
De Johanne de Lakynghyth' pro xii pannis laniis in i fardello

val £xxi xiii s, iiii d. sub. xxi s. v[iii d]

De Edwardo Yngelond pro xl pedis panni strictî îx peciis

panni lati in î fardello val £xxv sub, xxv s.

De Thoma de Waterden' pro xxii pannis laniis in iii pynnok^

val, £xlv sub. xxv s. [sic)

De Johanne Lok' pro xx peciis panni strictî xiiii peciis panni

lati in î fardello val £xx sub. xx s.

De Edwardo Belleyett' pro xxii pannis laniis in ii pjunok'

val £xl sub. xl s.

De Johanne Wace pro xl pedis panni stricti in i pjTinok* val.

£xv sub. XV s.

Summa £xi iiii s. îi d.

In navi Thome BuUok' vocata Magdeleyne de Lenna exeunte
xxvii die Mardi anno supradicto
De eodem Thoma pro xlviii quarteriis fmmentî val £xii

sub. xii s.

De Johanne Colynyan pro cccdiii" quarteriis fnimenti val.

£cxx sub. £vi

TEE SUBSIDIES

S3 1

De Jobanne Kepe pro bdiii qyarteriis fnimenti vaL £xvi

sub. xvi s,
Summa £vii viii s.
In navi RankjTî Peresson' vocata Mary de Brele exeunte xxk
die Mardi anno supradicto
De Johann e Wolff' pro î poka cum Ikromes val. xx s.

sub. xii d.

De Jacobo Patynmaker* pro Ix pelHbus vitulînîs i pecia pannl

lanii val xv s. sub. ix d.

De Johanna Midyrfyste pro li barellis cum nucibus val. iiii s.

sub. ii d. [ob.]
De Jobanne de Sawreby pro v pedis panni albi val. bec s.

sub. ill s. [vi d.]
De Willelino de Chapel pro i poka cum thromes val. xv s.

sub. ix d.

De Thoma Paynot pro x duodenis panni albi in i pynnok' val.

£viii X s. sub. viii s. [vi d.]

De Petro Oldeman pro viii duodenis panni albi in i p3mnok'

val. £\m sub. iiii s.

De Hugone Mathewesson' pro viii pedis panni albi ii peciis

panni stricti xv peilibus vitulinis vaL £iiii ix s.

sub, iiii s. v d. [obj

De Johanne de Brandon' pro panno lanio in i pynnok' val.

£vi sub. vi s.

Summa xxix s. ii d.

In navi Jacobi Hubbyng' vocata Margarete de Lenna exeunte

xxix die Mardi anno supradicto

De Thoma Attestyle pro viii pannis laniis in i pynnok' vaL

£xv sub. XV s.

De Ricardo Thweyt pro xxiiii peciis panni lati in i fardello

vaL £xxi sub. xxi s.

De Thoma Fawkys pro xii worsted' xviii peciis panni albi vaL

£xx sub. XX s.

De Johanne Drewe pro Ix kerseys in i pynnok' val. £x

sub. X s.

De Willebno Berry pro Ix peciis panni stricti vii pannis laniis

in i fardello vaL £xxxviii sub. xxxviii s.

S3 2 TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De WiUelmo de Brycham pro k duodenis paniii lati in î
pynnok' val. £vuî \i s. vîii d. sub. vîiî s. [iiii d.]

De Johanne de Botekysham pro xx pedis paimi stricti îiîî
pedis panni latî in î pynnok' val. £xî vi s. viii d.

sub. xi s. iiii d.
Stmuna £vi iîî s. vm d.

In navi Robertî de Wolforton' vocata Trînîte de Lenna exeunte
primo die Aprilis anno supradicto
De Johanne Kepe pro xx pannis laniis in li pynnok' val.

£xxxviii sub. xxxviii s. ■

De Thoma Attesty[le] pro xii duodenis panni lati in i pynnok'

vaL £xi sub. xi s.

De Thoma de Waterden' pro xviii pedis panni lati in i

pynnok' val. £xv sub. xv s.

Summa bdiii s.

In navi Benedicti May vocata Thomas de Lenna exeunte v die

Aprilis anno supradicto

De Willelmo de Sylesden' pro ii peciis panni lanii vaL xxvi s.

viii d. sub. xvi d.

De Johanne Blaunche pro xiiii pannis laniis in i fardello vaL

£XXX sub. XXX s.

De Johanne de Brandon' pro xl pedis panni stricti in i
pynnok' val. £xvi sub. xvi s.

Summa xlvii s. iiii d.

In navi Willelmi de Thorppe vocata Nicholas de Lenna exeunte

vîi die Aprilis anno supradicto ■

De Thoma Trussebut pro xl peciis panni stricti iiii peciis

panni lati in i pynnok' vaL £x\dii sub. xviii s.

De Thoma de Waterden' pro k kerseys in î pynnok' val £xi

sub. xi s.
De Johanne de Burwell* pro xxvi pannis laniis in i fardello

val. £lvii sub. h'ii s.

De Johanne Crosse pro xxviii duodenis panni lati x pedis

panni stricti val, £xxx viii s. iiii d. sub. xxx s. v d*

De Ricardo Thweyt pro ix pannis laniis in î pynnok' val.

£xviii sub, xviii s.

THE SUBSIDIES

533

De Johaime de Kenynghale pro xxx peciis panni stricti xiiii

peciis panni lati in i fardello vaL £xix sub. xix s.

De Johanne Wace pro xiiii pannis laniis in i fardeUo val.

£xxv sub, XXV s.

De Johanne de Sutton* pro xxx duod^s panni lanii in i

fardello vaL £xxix sub, xxix s.

De Roberto de Botekysham pro ix pannis laniis in i pynnok*

vaL £xvii x s. sub. xvii s. vi d.

De Johanne Draper pro xii pannis xxx pedis panni stricti xx

duodenis panni lati in i fardello vaL £xlviii sub. xlviii s.
De Willelmo de Keel pro xiiii pannis laniis in i fardello val.

£xxv sub. XXV s.

De Thoma At testy le pro ix worsted' iiii duodenis panni val,

£vii sub, vii s.

De Thoma de Baldeswell' pro xxvi duodenis panni lati val.

£xxvi sub. xxvi s.

De Johanne Drewe pro xx peciis panni stricti xii kerseys in i

pynnok' val, £x sub. xs.

De Johanne Lok' pro xii pannis laniis in i fardello val. £xxiiiî

sub- xxiiii s.
De Thoma Trussebut pro x pannis laniis in i pynnok' val,

£xvii xix s, iiii d. sub, xviii s.

De Johanne de Botekysham pro xl peciis panni stricti vi

peciis panni lati in i pynnok' vaL £xix sub. xix s.

Summa £xx xxiii d.
In navi Albryght Gy lesson' vocata Godf rende de Flyssyng'

exeunte vii die ApriHsanno supradicto
De Johanne de Brandon' pro iiii peciis panni vi quarteriis ii

peciis damdok' vaL Mi s. sub, ii s. viii d. q.

Summa patet
In navi Thome Daffron' vocata Chris tofer* de Lenna exeunte

xvi [die] Aprilis anno supradicto
De Johanne de Burweir pro v duodenis panni lati in i

pynnok' vaL be s. sub* iii s.

Summa patet
In navi Henrici Holander' vocata Tmmpower' de Middilburgh'

exeunte xvi die Aprilis anno supradicto

534

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Ludwyco de Reder' pro indumentis antiquis val. xxxiii s.
iiii d. sub. xs d.

Summa patet

In navî Sîmonis Jonesson' vocata George de Brele exeunte xvi
die Aprilis anno supradicto
De Johanne de Brandon' pro xiiii peciîs pannî albî val. c s.

sub. V s.

De Simone Chapman pro iiii pecUs panni sîssi in minutas

partes val. kxx s, sub. xviii d.

Summa vî s. vî d.

In navi Willelmi de Grene vocata Peter' de Lenna exeunte xvi

die Maii anno supradîcto

De Wîllelmo de Brycham pro v duodenis panni iati Iv pedis

panni strict! in ii fardellis val £xxix sub. xxix s.

De Johanne de Brandon* pro ini^^x peciis panni strictî in ii

fardellis val. £xxi sub. xxi s.

De Johanne Waryn pro cxî quarterîîs frumentî xvii pedis

pamii Iati Iv pecîis panni stricti iii pannis integris val £lxv

sub. Ix\' s.

De Petro de Vine pro clxi quarteriis frumentî x quintallis sepi

vaL £ii xvi s. viii d. sub. Ii s. x A

Summa £viii vi s. ix d. ob. [sic]

In navî Claws Howmeystr' vocata Maryknyght* de Dansk'

exeunte xx die Maîi anno supradicto
De Roberto Cokerell' pro xxii duodenis panni Iati iiii peciis

panni Hibemie i barello cum diversis mercandisiîs \'al.

£xxii sub. xxiî s.

De Roberto de Botekysham pro CGC quarterîîs brasii val.

£lii X s. sub. Iii s. vi d.

De eodem Roberto pro ii doliis vini sub. vî S-

De Edwardo Belleyett' pro xliii peciis pannî lanii in i fardcUo

val. £xxxv sub. xxxvs.

De Roberto Cokerell' supradicto pro xi pétris canabi i bak

ryse val. xxiii s. sub. xiîii A

De Johanne de Creyk* pro iiii pecîis pannî latî i pecia panni

stricti val. Ixvii s, iiii d. sub. iii s, iiii d. [obj

I
I

THE SUBSIDIES

535

De Henrico Gait pro diversis parvis mercandîsiîs vocatis

kaberdasslw val. £iiii sub. iiii s.

De Thoma de Bemyngham pro xxviii peciis panni lati v

peciis pannî stricti in î fardello val, £xxi xvi s.

sub. xxi s. x[d.]
De Johanne de York' pro x peciis panni de vi quarteriis ii

peciis panni stricti i worsted* vah £vi sub, vi s.

De Johanne Lok' pro iiii peciis panni lati ii duodenfe de

chalon* vi worsted' val. £vii xiii s. iiii d.

sub. vii s. viii d*
De Henrico Gait supradicto pro panno lanio in i pynnok^

vaL £xix sub. xix s.

De Roberto de Botekysham supradicto pro panno lanio in i

pynnok* val. £xvi sub. xvi s.

Summa £x ii s. vi d. ob.

In navi Willelmi Hoope vocata Christofer' de Lenna exeunte

xxi die Mail anno supradicto

De Johanne Blaunche pro xxii peciis panni stricti in i

P3ainok* val. £x sub. x s.

De Willelmo de Brycham pro iii pannis laniis in i p>Tinok' val,

£iiii sub. iiii s.

De Waltero Vrry pro xiiii pannis laniis in i fardello val. £xxv

sub. XXV s.
De Thoma de Sparham pro Ix peciis panni stricti vocati
damdok* viii pedis panni lati xv chalon* val. £xxv

sub. XXV s.
Summa Ixîîii s.

In navi Johannis Owtelawe vocata James de Lenna [exeunte]
xxvii [die] Maii anno supradicto
De eodem Johanne pro xxix peciis panni stricti in i pynnok'
val £xi xii s. sub. xi s, vii d.

Summa patet

In navi Walteri Hake vocata Christofer' de Brele exeunte xxvii
die Maii anno supradicto
De Michaele Scarlake pro ii peciis panni stricti i barello cum
diversis mercandisiis val. Ix s. sub. iii s.

536

TEE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Martino Jonesson' pro cc peUibus vitulinis vaL xxis.

sub. xviii d.

De Adam de Walsokyn pro iiii duodenis panni stricti val
XXX s, sub, x\iîi d.

De Johanne de Lakynghyth' pro xvîî peciîs pannî vi quar-
teriis xî duodenis paimi strîcti in i pyimok' dcccc pellibus
cuniculoruin vî duodenis pelliura catonim val £xx xviî s.
viii d. sub. xx s. xî d.

De Reginaldo van Mastreght' pro i panfw lanio non fuUato
iiii peciis panni stricii fullad i chalon' xxiiii pétris plumbî
vaL Ixviîi s, sub* îii s, v d.

Summa xxx s* îiîi A

In navi Petri Baldwyne vocata Margarete de Lenna exeun^^

xxvil die Maii anno supradicto ■^H

De eodem Petro pro îîîi pannis xv peciis panni stricti vocatî

damdok' in i pymaok* val. £ix sub. ixs.

De Thoma de Sparham pro xviii pannis viii duodenis panni

xîîî worsted' iiii peciis pannî strîcti iiii chalon' val, £xxxix

sub. xxxix s.
De Waltero Vrry pro xvîî pannîs laniis in î fardello val. £xix

sub. XXX s.

De Thoma de Baldeweir pro xviii duodenis panni lati xvi

peciis pannî stricti in i fardeUo val. £xxi sub. xxî s.

De Adam de WeU* pro i dolio vîni sub. iiî s.

De Johanne Lok' pro be kerseys ii pannis in i fardello val.

£xviii sub. xviii s. ■

De Roberto Ptilt* pro x peciîs panni latî xlî peciis panni
stricti ix worsted* iî chalon' îd î fardello vaL £xxiiii

sub. xxiiii s.

De Johanne de Lakynghyth* pro xiî peciis panni stricti i

pecia pannî latî in i pynnok' val. c s. sub. v s.

De Johanne Blaunche pro viî pannîs laniis in î pynnok* val.

£xli sub. xii s.

De Henrico de Beteley pro v pannis laniis in i pynnok' val,

£vi sub, vî s,

Summa £viîi vil s.

THE SUBSIDIES

537

In navi Edwardi Westeme vocata Christofer' de Leiina exeunte
xxviii die Mail anno supradicto
De Radûlfo de Bedyngham pro cccx quarterns frumenti
Ixiii quarteriîs fabanim et pisamm iii peciis panni lati iiii
peciis panni stricti val. £iiii"vn xiii s. [viii ?] d.

[sub. iiii^vii s, viii d.]

Somma patet

In navi Adae de Weir vocata Holygost' de Lenna [exeunte]

xx\'iii die Maîî anno supradicto

De eodem Adam pro xii quarteriis frumenti xii quarteriis

avenarum xU quarteriis fabarum vaL c x s. sub. v s. vi d.

De Johanna Spicer* pro cc quarteriis frumenti xx quarteriis

avenarum xl quarteriis sigali vaL £bdi vi s. viiii d.

sub, bdi s, iiii d*

Summa Ixvii s* x d.

In navi Claws Fer' vocata Maryknyght* de Lubyk' exeunte

xxviii die Mail anno supradicto

De eodem Claws pro i pamio lanio iiii worsted* in i pynnok'

vaL Ixviu s, viii d, sub, iii s, v d, ob.

Summa patet

In na\'i Lamberti Fry vocata Maryknyght' de Brème exeunte

xxviii die Mail anno supradicto

De Henrico Fry et Brown>'Tig* van BrosselF pro panno lanio

stricto in iiii fardellis et i pynnok* val. £c vi sub. c vi s.

De Roberto de Botekysham pro vi worsted* in i pynnok* vaL

xl s. sub, ii s.

Summa c vii s.
In navi Henrici Benet vocata Edmund' de Jememuthia
exeunte primo die Junii anno supradicto
De Willelmo Oxneye pro iiii" quarteriis frumenti xl quar-
teriis fabarum vaL £xxiiîî xiii s, iiii d. sub, xxiiii s, viii d.
De Johanne Waryn pro cxx quarteriis frumenti c quarteriis
fabarum xxiiii pétris sepi vaL £xlii xviis. iiiid,

sub, xiii s. X d. ob.
De Johanne Drewe pro c quarteriis frumenti vaL £xxii x s.

sub. xxiis. \vi d,]
Summa £iiii x s* ob.

538

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi Jacobi BoUesson' vocata George de Durdreght exeiinte

primo die Jumi anno supradicto

De Johanne Handewarpe pro cccciiii" pellibus vitulinis in

vii pynnok' val. £mi x s. sub. iiii s. vi d.

De Ludewyco van Eussyn pro panno lanio in i pynnok* val.

£xv sub. XV s.

De Andrea Skynner' pro D pellibus vitulinis vaL jCiiii

sub. iiii s.
Summa xxiii s. vi d.

In navi Thoroe Fouler' vocata Mary de Lenna exeunte xiiii die

Junii anno supradicto
De Johanne de Wenteworth* pro panno lanio in ii pjTinok'

val. £xl sub. xls.

De Johanne de Tylneye pro panno lanio in i pj-nnok* val-

£xv xi s. viii d. sub. xv s« vii d.

De Johanne Wace pro clx quarteriis brasii et panno lanio in i

p>Tinok' val. £xliiii x s. sub. xliiii s. vi d.

De Johanne Waryn pro iiii** quarteriis brasii et panno lanio

in i pynnok' val. £xxi sub, xxî s.

De Henrico Gait pro iiii** quarteriis brasii et aliis parvis

mercandisiis vocatis haberdasshe val. £xxvi sub. xx\-i s.

Summa £vii vii s. i d.

In navi Johannis Good' vocata Maryknyght' de Sound exeunte

xiiii die Junii anno supradicto

De Thonm de Attelburgh' pro x\Tii pannis laniis in î fardello

val. £xlii xiii s. iiii d. sub, xlii s. viii d.

De Johanne de Brandon et Johanne de Lakynghyth' pro cxi

quarteriis brasii val. £xxi sub. xxi s.

Summa bdii s. viii d.

In navi Herman Scoff' vocata Chris tofer' de Dansk' exeunte

XV die Junii anno supradicto

De Johanne Drewe pro xlv kerseys xxx peciis panni lanii in ii

pynnok' val. £xxiii v s. sub. xxîiî s. îii d.

De Johanne de Howton' pro xv pannis laniis in i fardello val

£xx sub, XX s.

Summa xliii s. iiî d.

TBE SUBSIDIES

539

In navi WiUelmi Pott' vocata Holygost de Roterdam exeunte
xvi die Junii anno supradicto
De Ricardo Jonesson' pro cc pellibus vituMnis dcccc pelle t-
triis ii pétris plumbî val* xxxiiiî s. vii d. sub, xxi d. ob,

Summa patet

In navî Benedict! May vocata Thomas de Lenna ejteunte iiii
die Juliî anno regnî Regis Rîcardî Secundî xvi
De Johanne de Brandon' pro panno lanio [in] i pynnok' et
chalon' vaL £vi iiii d. sub. vi s. q.

Summa patet

In navî Holteman de Brème vocata Maryknyght' de Brème
exeunte vi die Julii anno supradicto |

De eodem Holtman pro iii pannis laniis in i pynnok' val, £vî

sub, vi s.

De Johanne Bernes pro xiî pannis laniis in î fardello val,

£xxiiîî sub. xxîîii s.

De Holde van Husse pro x pannis laniis in i pynnok' vaL

£x\^i sub. xvi s.

De Johanne Denel pro xii pannis di. laniis in î fardello val

£xxv sub. XXV s.

De Willelmo de Brème pro ix pannis laniis in i pjninok' val.

£xvi sub, xvi s.

De Raduifo Burdfawer' pro xiî pannis laniis in î fardello vaL

£xxii sub. xxii s.

De Henrico Went pro ix pannis di, in i fardello val. £xxii

sub, xxîi s.

De Johanne de Syrenbergh' pro xi pannis in î fardello val.

£xxi sub. xxi s-

Summa £vii xii s*

In navî Dyrekî Thomasson' vocata Godesknyght' de Brele
exeunte viii die Julii anno supradicto
De eodem Dyreco pro i pecia panni stricti val. v s,

sub. iii d*

De Andrea Skyrmer* pro cccc pellibus vîtulînîs in ii pynnok'

val. k s. sub. iii s.

Summa iii s. iîî d*

540

THE EARLY ENGLÎSE CUSTOMS

In navi Robert! de Wolforton vocata Trinité de Lenna exeunte
XX die Julii anno supradicto
De Johanne Kepe pro panno lanio in i pynnok' vaL £ix

sub. ix s»

Sununa patet

In navi Hermanni Whytetope vocata Maryknyght* de

Gry^eswelld exeunte ultimo die Julii anno supradicto

De Johanne Blaunche pro cc quarteriis brasii xxx worsted'

vah £xlv sub. xlv s.

Summa patet

In navi Sybard' Jonesson* vocata Mar>^knyght* de Herderwyke

exeunte ultimo [die] Julii anno supradicto

De eodem Sybard' pro ii peciis panni lanii de vi quarteriis

val xxx s. sub. x\'iii d.

De Johanne de Brandon' pro panno lanio in i pjTinok' val*

£xv sub. XV s,

Summa xvi s. vi d.

In navi Dyreki Walterson' vocata Skenkw>Tie de Durdreght*

exeunte ii die Augusti anno supradicto

De Hugone Mathewesson' pro ccc pelEbus vitulims vaL

liiii s. sub, lis. \-iiid.

Summa patet

In navi Johannis Bonnek*busse vocata Maryknyght' de Dansk*

[exeunte] iiii die Augusti anno supradicto

De eodem Johanne pro xxxix kerseys in i pynnok' val. £vii

x s. sub, vii s. \i d,

Summa patet

In navi Stephani Nek' vocata Marj'knyght* de Dansk' exeunte

v die Augusti anno supradicto

De Willelmo Derenbergh* pro panno lanio in i pynnok' vaL

£ix sub. ix s.

Simima patet

In navi Petri But vocata Christofer' de Durdreght* exeunte
xii die Augusti anno supradicto
De Johanne Handwarpe pro D pellibus vitulinis in ix pynnok'
vaL £ilii sub. iiii s.

I
I

TBE SUBSIDIES S4I

De Willelmo Halleyate pro xxî peciîs panni stricti in î

pyiinok* val. £vi vi s. viii d* sub. vi s. iiii d.

De Johanne Jonesson' pro xi peciis panni lati albi in i pynnok'

val. £vij vi s. viii d. sub. vii s. iiii d.

De Arde Aldenbergb^ pro brv peciis panni stricti vocati

damdok' v peciis panni vi quarterns val £xx m s.

sub. XX s. ii d.
De Arde van Bentyn pro xxx peciis panni lati albi xxv peciis

panni stricti vocati damdok' val, £xxxviii sub. xxxviii s*
De Otte van ye Br>^gg' pro v peciis vi quarteriis 1 peciis de

damdok' val. £xiiii viii s. sub. xiiii s, v d*

De Johanna Bakker' pro ccc di. pellibus vitulinis in i fardello

val. Ivi 5. sub. ii s. x d.

De Roberto Pult' pro xii peciis panni albi lati ii peciis panni

stricti val. £vii sub. vii s.

De Petro But supradicto pro i peda panni lati i penula i

chalon' vaL xxxiii s. sub. xx d.

Summa ci s. ix d.

In navi Johannis Yngberson' vocata Holygost de Campe

exeunte xvm die Augusti anno supradicto
De Johanne ÏX)k' pro xix pannîs lanîîs \iiî worsted' in î

fardello val £xxxi viii s. sub. xxxi s. v d.

De Roberto de Waterden* pro xxvîîî pannis laniis v worsted'

in i fardello vaL £xljiii xviii s. sub, xliiii s. xi d.

De Waltero Vrry pro xviii pannis xviii worsted' in i fardello

val. £xxxi X s. sub. xxxi s. vî d.

De Johanne Blaunche pro iiO^iiii peciis panni stricti xvii

pannis laniis in ii fardellis val. £xlvii sub. xlvii s.

De Thoma de Waterden' pro xx pannis laniis in i fardello val

£xxxvi sub. xxxvi s.

De Thoma Drewe pro xl worsted' in i fardello val. £xiii vi s.

viii d. sub. xiii s. iiii d.

De Thoma Attestyle pro x peciis panni lati in î pynnok' val

£x sub. X s.

De Thoma Trussebut pro xiiii pannis laniis in i fardello val

£xxx sub» xxx s.

542

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

WiUelmo de Keele pr
parmi Hiberaie val. £x

Anglic VI pedis

pecus pa

sub. I s,

Summa £xîîi îîîi s. ii d.

Id navi Johannis Bolt vocata Christofer' de Dansk* exeunte

rviii die Augusti anno supradicto

De Johanne Lok' pro xxx macecell' xxvi kerseys vaL £xii xi s.

sub. xii s. vi d. ob.

Summa patet

In navi Gerardi van TeUet vocata Christofer* de Dansk'

exeunte xix die Augusti anno supradicto

De Johanne Lok' pro xii pannis in i fardello val. £xxiiu

sub, xxiiii s.

De Thoma Attestyle pro xxviii pedis panni stricti vocata

damdok' xii chalon' val £xiii xiii s. sub. xiii s, viu d.

De Godfrido Luffedey pro viii worsted' in i pynnok' vah hi s.

sub. u s. X d.

De Thoma de Waterden' pro vi pannis xxx worsted' in i

fardello vaL £xxii sub. xxii s.

De Thoma Brekhed^ pro vi pannis laniis in i pynnok' vaL

£xii sub. XÎÎ s.

De Thoma Attestyle pro vi pannis laniis in î pynnok' val.

£xi sub. xi, s.

De Ricardo de Fransham pro xxvi pedis stricti iii pecus

panni lati in i pynnok' val. £xîîi sub, xiii s.

De Johanne Wace pro xxx peciis panni lati xx worsted' in [i]

fardell[o] val. £xxxii x s. sub. xxxii s. vi d.

De Thoma Fawkys pro xxiiu pedis panni stricti v chalon' in

i fardello val £xviii sub. xviii s.

Summa £vii ix s.
In navi Laurencii Simonesson vocata Magdeleyne de Camfer*
exeunte xx die Augusti anno supradicto
De Bawdew>Tie de Seynttroy pro v pokis de thromes val. c s.

sub. V s.

De Hermanno van Amery pro thromes in i dolio et ii pokis

vaL xl s. sub. ii s.

De Lamberto Ryk' pro i duodena panni stricti in iii partes

sissi xl pellibus cuniculorum vaL vi s. viii d. sub. iiii d.

Summa vii s. iiii d

THE SUBSIDIES

543

In navi Arde van TeUe vocata Christofer* de Dansk' exeunte

xxii die Augusti anno supradicto
De Johanne de Sutton' pro xxx peciis pannî stricti xix

worsted' iiiî peciis panni lati vaL £jot xvi s. viii d.

sub. XX s. X d.
De Galfrido de Gasseley pro xxiii pannis laniis in Î fardello

val. £xlvîîi sub. xlviii s.

De Ricardo de Thorppe pro xx pannis laniis x chalon' in i

fardello val £xxxix sub, xxxix s.

De Thoma de Baldesweir pro xvi pedis panni lati viii pedis

panni stricti in i p>Tinok' val, £xv sub. xv s.

De Waltero Vrry pro x pedis panni stricti xii worsted' in i

fardeUo val. £x sub. x s.

De Thoma Trussebut pro xii peciis panni lati iiii pedis panni

stricti in i pynnok' val. £x sub. x s.

De Edwardo Belleyett' pro xiiii pannis laniis in i fardello vaL

£xxvi X s. sub. xxvi s. vi d.

De Godfrido Luffedey pro xxx peciis panni stricti in i pynnok'

vaL £l\ sub. ix s.

De Henrico de Beteley pro viii pannis laniis iii chalon' val.

£xvi sub. xvi s*

De WiJlelmo de Baldeswell' pro xxxi peciis panni Wallie in î

fardello val. £x sub. x s.

De Thoma Attestyle pro xxx kerseys xi chalon' in î pynnok'

val. £vii xii s. viu d. sub. vii s. viii d.

De Johanne Paxman pro xx pedis panni lati xx peciis panni

stricti viii peciis panni vi quarteriis vi worsted' val. £xxxv

iii s. iiii d. sub. xxxv s. (ii d.]

De Johanne de Brandon' pro xîîii pannis laniis viii chalon* in

i fardello vaL £xxi xiii s, iiii d. sub, xxi s. viii d.

De Ricardo de Thorppe supradicto pro xiii pannis laniis in i

fardello vaL £xxv xvii s, sub. xxv s. x d.

De Ricardo Thweyt pro xi peciis panni lati xv pedis panni

stricti viii chalon val. £xxii sub, xxii s.

De Johanne Draper pro xxx duodenis panni lati in î fardello

vaL £xx XV s, sub, xx s. ix d.

De Johanne de Wentworth' pro xx peciis panni lati xl peciis

panni stricti viii worsted' val. £xx3di x s. sub. xxxii s. vi d.

544

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Waryn pro ix pannis laniis in i pynnok* vaL

£xmi

sub. zni] s.

De Johanne de Botekysham pro v pannis laniis in i pynnoà'

val. £ix sub* ix &

Summa £xlx jdi s. xi d
In navi Thome Bullok* vocata Mary de Lenna exeunte xxiifi

die Augusti anno supradicto
De Roberto de Waterden* pro \'iii pannis laniis in i pynnok'

vaL £xv sub. xv s.

De Johanne de Freston' pro iiii pedis panni lati ii UankeUes

strict' in i pynnok' val. Ixxvi s. viii d. sub* iii s. x d
De Adam Waryn pro xx peciis panni ii pedis panni lati xxi

worsted' in i fardello val £x\ii sub. xviis.

De Radulfo de Bed>iighani pro xîi pannis laniis in i faidello

val £xxii xiii s. iiii d, sub. xxii s. viii A

De Johanne Waryn pro vii pannis laniis in i pynnok' val.

£xiiii sub» xiiii s.

De Rîcardo de Fransham pro xiii peciis panni stricti in i

pynnok^ val c xii s. sub. v s. vii d. ob.

De Roberto de Salesbery pro iiii pedis panni lati in i pymiok'

val Ixviii s. sub. iii s. v d.

De Johanne Spicer' pro xiiii peciis panni lati xii chalon* in i

pynnok' val £x\a sub. x^^ s.

De Ricardo de Denby pro xxx i>eciis panni lanii \iii worsted'

in Î fardello val £xx3diii sub. xxxiiii s.

De Willelmo de Brycham pro vi pannis laniis in î pynnok'

val £xii x s. sub. xii s, vi d.

De Johanne Herte pro vii duodenis panni lati ix pedis panni

stricti XX worsted' val £xiiii x\iii s. sub. xiiii s. xi d.

De Thoma Attebrygg* pro ix peciis panni lati iii worsted* iiii

chalon' in i pynnok' val £xi xi s, sub. xi s. vi d. ob, q.
De Johanne Whyte pro xiiii pannis laniis in i fardello val £xx

sub. XX s.
De Roberto Fuit* pro xii duodenis panni lati in i pjunok'

val. £x sub. X s.

De Rogero Carter' pro xlv pedis panni stricti v peciis panni

lati in î fardello val £xx sub. xx s»

TEE SUBSIDIES

545

De Johanne de Botekysham pro 1 pedis panni stricti in i

fardeOo val. £xx sub. xx s.

De Simone de Feltweir pro uii pedis panni lati viii blankettes

vaL £iiii viii s. sub. iiii s, v d.

De Willetmo Oly pro iiii pedis panni albi iiii worsted* in i

pynnok* vaL Ixvi s* viii d, sub, iii s. iiii d.

De Johanne de Lakynghy th' pro v pannis laniis in i pynnok'

vaL £x sub. x s.

De Johanne Kempe pro xx pedis panni stricti in i pynnok'

vaL £x sub. x s.

De Petro Mayfay pro iiii pedis panni lati iiii pedis panni

stricti viii worsted' vaL £vi viii s. sub. vi s. v d.

De WiUelmo de Sylesden' pro iiii peciis panni lati iiii worsted'

in i pynnok' vaL Ixvi s. viii d, sub, iii s, iiii d.

Summa £xiu x\^iii s. i d*
In navi Jacobi Jacobesson' vocata Godberard' de Campe

exeunte xxvi die Augusti anno supradicto
De Johanne de Howton' pro xxv peciis panni stricti in i

pynnok' val. £xi vi s. viii d. sub. xi s. iiii d.

De Johanne de Creyk' pro iiii pannis laniis in i pynnok* vaL

£ix X s. sub, ix s. vi d.

De Johanne Draper pro xl pedis panni stricti in î pynnok'

val. £xv xviii s. sub. xv s. xi d.

De Johanne de Lakynghy th' pro xiii pannis laniis in i fardello

vaL £xx sub. xx s.

De Edwardo Belleyett' pro xxxvi duodenis panni lati in i

fardello vaL £xxvi x s. sub. xxvi s. vi d.

De Johanne Kempe pro xxxix kerseys in i pynnok* vaL £vi

x\i s. \'i d* sub. vi s, x d.

De Edwardo Yngelond' pro xviii peciis panni de vi quarteriis

in i pynnok' val, £x sub, x s.

Summa c s, i d.
In navi Gyles Bogard' vocata Cumwele Home de Brele exeunte

xxix die Augusti arnio supradicto
De Johanne de Brandon* pro xx peciis panni lanii stricti ii

peciis panni Hibemie in i p3mnok' val. £vii sub. vii s,

Summa patet

546

THE EARLY ENGLISB CUSTOMS

In na\T Johannis Broune vocata Magdeleyne de Leima exeunte
xxix die Augusti anno supradicto
De Johanne Kepe pro xx pannis lanîis m i fardello val, £xxxv

sub* XXXV s.
De Ricardo Thweyt pro xvii peciis panni lati xii peciis panni
stricti in î fardelio val £xx xîiîî s.

sub. XX s, viiî d. ob.

De Thoma de Keel pro xiii duodenis panni lanii lati ix peciis

panni Hibemie val. £xx sub, xx s.

De Willelmo Hundrepowde pro xviii worsted' xx peciis

damdok* in î pynnok* vaL £xi x s. sub. xi s, vi d.

Summa £iiii vii s. ii d. ob.

In navi Gerardi van Tellet vocata Christofer^ de Dansk'

exeunte ultimo die Augusti anno supradicto

De Johanne Lok* pro xxiiii kerseys m î pynnok* vaL £iiii

\'iii s. sub, iiii s. v d.

De Roberto Baly pro ii peciis panni AngUe albi vaL xx s,

sub. xiid.

Summa v s, v d,

In navi Thome Fouler' vocata Mary de Lenna exeunte ultimo

die Augusti anno supradicto

De Johanne Waryn pro panno lanio in i pynnok' cxI quar-

teriis brasii vaL £xxxix vi s. viii d. sub. xxxix s, [iiii d.]

De Johanne Wace pro xxiii peciis panni lanii in i fardello cxl

quarteriis brasii vaL £xli v s. sub. xU s. iii d.

De Johanne Lok* pro \dii peciis panni lanii di.*^ sacdoth^ ii

worsted' in î pynnok* vaL £vii vi s, viii d.

sub. vii s. iiii d.
De Thoma Fouler* supradicto pro î chalon' vaL ii s. vid.

sub. i d. ob.
De Johanne Whytelambe pro xx pedis damdok' val. £vi

sub. vi s.
De Johanne Kempe pro xiiii peciis panni lanii de vii quar-
teriis vaL £x sub. x s.
De Johanne de Lakynghyth' pro îiiî pannis laniis in i pynnok'
val. £viii sub. viii s.

Summa c xii s. ob.

I
I

TEE SUBSIDIES

547

In navi Thome Daffron* vocata Christofer* de Lenna exeunte
V die Septembris anno supradicto
De Vermond' Rener' pro iî pân&is xxii duodenis panni albi
vi peciis panni \a quarterns iîiî peciis panni stricti i
kerseys in i fardello val. £xxii iiii s, sub, xxii s, ii d. ob.
De Thoma Daffron^ supradicto pro iiii peciis panni albi iii
duodenis panni lati li duodenis stricti v worsted* Juliet x
worsted^ says ii barellis sepi vaL c viii s. iiii d. sub. v s . v d. q.

Summa xx\4î s. vîi d. ob. q.

In navî Albryght Heket vocata Mar>'knyght* de Nelvyng*

exeunte vi die Septembris anno supradicto

De Thoma de BaldesweO' pro vi pannis in i p>Tinok* val £xîî

xvî s. sub, xii s. x d.

De Johanne Draper pro xvîiî pecîis panni stricti in i pynnok'

val. £vîi sub. vîi s.

Summa xix s, x d.

In navî Johannis Owtelawe vocata James de Lenna exeunte vi

die Septembris anno supradicto

De eodem Johanne pro Ixviîi quarterîis f rumen tî ii cîstis vah

£xiîii îii s. sub. xiiii s, ii d.

De Roberto de Brunham pro iiîî peciis panni albi val. liii s.

iiiî d. sub. iî s, viîi d.

De Johanne de SnaylwelF pro îiîi peciis panni albi vaL liii s.

iiii d. sub. iî s. viii d,

Summa xLx s. vi d.

In navi Willelmi de Thorppe vocata Nicholas de Lenna exeunte

vi die Septembris anno supradicto

De Johanne de Wenteworth' pro xiiii paimis laniis in i

fardello val. £xxii sub. xxii s.

De Johanne de Brandon* pro xiiii peciis panni stricti vocati

damdok* val. £iiii sub, îiîi s.

De Willelmo de Thorppe supradicto pro iiii peciis panni lati

albi iiti worsted' în î pynnok' val. Ixxîiî s, iiiî d.

sub. îii s. vîiî d.
De Johanne de Botekysham pro î panno di. lanîo val Ixx s.

sub. iiî s. vi d.
Summa xxxiîi s. ii d.

548

TBB EARLY KNGUSH CUSTOMS

In navi Claws Dyrekesson* vocata Christofer' de Durdreght'

exeimte vîîî die Septembris anno supradicto

De eodem Claws pro c di. pelMbus vitulinis i peda panni lati

albi V peciis pannî strie ti que faciuDt i duodenam val. xlî s.

iiii d. sub. ii s. î d.

De Michaele Jonesson' pro ix wgis panni kti vi ulnis panni

strict! i penula vaL xx s. sub. lii d.

De Henrico Peterson' pro iii peciis panni stricti val. xxs,

sub. xii d.

Sunima iiii s, i d.

In navi Willelmi HastjTig^ vocata Rothermond' de Durdreght*

exeunte x die Septembris anno supradicto

De Andrea Skyrmer' pro xx peciis x ulnis panni lati albi xx

peciis damdok' iii worsted' i cista vaL £rvdii x s.

sub. xviii s, [vi d]

De Johanne GroUe pro ix peciis panni albi in i pynnok' vaL

£vi v s. sub. vi s. iii d.

De Roberto de Walpol pro xîx peciis panni lanii que fadunt

vi pannos viii quintallis sepi vaL £xxi sub. xxî s.

De Jacobo Nicholasson' pro cc pellibus vitulinis val. xxxiii s.

iiii d. sub. xxd.

Summa xlvii s. v d.
In navi Ade de WeU* vocata Holygost de Lenna exeunte xim_
die Septembris anno supradicto
De eodem Adam pro xxxiii quarteriis frumenti val. cx^

sub. v s. vi d.
De Johanne de Brandon' pro iiii doliis frumenti val, cxv s,

sub. v s. L3t d.

De Johanne Spicer' pro ix quarteriis frumenti viii duodenis

panni iii lastis allecis rubei val. £xiiii x s. sub. xiiii s. vi d.

De Johanne de Bam burgh' pro casio vaL c s, sub. v s.

Summa xxx s. ix d.
In navi Willelmi Heynesson' vocata Goodwyle de Brele
exeunte xxi die Septembris anno supradicto
De Henrico Gy lesson* pro ii peciiis panni Hibemie val. xls*

sub. iis.
Summa patet

I
I

THE SUBSIDIES

549

In navi Dyreki Thomasson- vocata Godesknyght de Brele
exetinte xxiiîî die Septembris anno supradicto
De Hugone Sprog' pro î pecia panni lati albi val. xîis,

sub. vii d. ob.
Summa patet

In navi Bartholomei Jonesson' vocata Maryburght' de

Durdreght' exeunte xxiui die Septembris anno supradicto
De Jacobo Michellesson' pro xxvi peciis panni Hibemie in î

fardello vaL £xvii sub. rv^îî s.

De Martino Bayard' pro vi peciis parmi lanii viîi weye sepi

val. £xiiii sub. xiiii s.

De Henrico van Ak>Ti pro v pedis panni Hibemie in i

pjunok' vaL Ixxvi s. sub. iii s. x d.

De Johanne Westefalyng' pro iiii peciis panni lati xiiii peciis

panni stricti val. £viii iiii s. sub. viii s. ii d. [ob.J

De Roberto de Botekysham pro v peciis panni albi in i

pjmnok' val hx s. sub. iii s. vi d.

Summa xlvi s. vi d. ob.

In navi Jacobi Hubbyng' vocata Margarete de Lenna exeunte

primo die Octobris anno supradicto

De Johanne de Botekesham pro xl quarterxis f rumenti i lasta

aiJecis rubei val, £ix sub. ix s.

De Roberto de Botekysham pro c vi quarteriis f rumenti val

£x\^ ix s. sub. XV s. V d. ob.

De Johanne de Letham pro iii dolus frumenti di, lasta allecis

rubei val. kxv s. sub. iii s. ix d.

De Johanne Wace pro î lasta allecis vaL kx s. sub. iii s. vi d.

De Johanne de Markeby pro iii peciis panni lanii que

faciunt i pannum val. xxx s. sub. xviii d.

De Roberto Gardener' pro î tabula plic[ante] val iiiis.

sub. ii d. ob.
Summa xxxiii s. v d.

In navi Johamais de Wyssebeche vocata Michael de Lenna
exeunte iiii die Octobris anno supradicto
De Thoma Kechesson' pro ii peciis panni albi val xvi s.
viii d. sub. x d.

SSO THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Waryn pro c Ix quarteriis frumenti H tunhoU zz
pedis panni lanii in i pyimok' val. £xxzix ziiis. iiiid.

sub. xxxix s. viii d.
De Adam Waryn pro viii pannis laniis in i pynnok' val. £zii

sub. zii s.
De Henrico Dey pro cxx quarteriis frumenti val. £xx

sub. zz s.
De Petro de Halle pro Ix quarteriis frumenti val. £x

sub. z s.
De Reginaldo de Wyssebeche pro i dolio frumenti val. xiiii s.

sub. viii d. ob.

De Johanne de Bukworth' et Adam Borde pro iii doliis

frumenti val. xlii s. sub. ii s. i[d.] q.

De Johanne Wryght et Johanne de Wyssebech' pro ii doliis

frumenti val. xxviii s. sub. xvii d.

De Petro de Halle pro i dolio frumenti val. xiiii s.

sub. viii d. ob.

De Johanne de Brunham pro iiii doliis frumenti val. liii s.

iiii d. sub. ii s. viii d.

De Roberto Neefe pro i lasta alleds rubei val. liii s. iiii d.

sub. ii s. viii d.
De Johanne Drewe pro xxx doliis frumenti val. £xx

sub. zz s.

De Ricardo de Fransham pro vi duodenis panni lanii in i

pynnok' val. c z s. sub. v s. vi d.

De Johanne de Snaywell pro i duodena panni lanii albi val.

xiii s. iiii d. sub. viii d.

Summa c xviii s. xi d. q.

In navi Johannis Cattes vocata Godesknyght de Brele exeunte

XX die Octobris anno supradicto

De Lamberto Ryke pro i pecia panni lati x virgis panni stricti

vi virgis panni ruset val. xiii s. iiii d. sub. viii d.

De Adryan Ordesson' pro iii pedis panni albi val. xxx s.

sub. xviii d.
Summa ii s. ii d.
In navi Henrid Cunst vocata Maryknyght de Dansk' exeimte
xxi die Octobris anno supradicto

TBE SUBSIDIES

55 1

De eodem Henrico pro iii pannis laniis in i p3aiiiok* val, £viîî

sub. viii s.
Summa patet

In navi Flores Bonard' vocata Godesknyght de Brele exeunte
ultimo die Octobris anno supradlcto
De Johanne de Brandon' pro vii pedis panni Hibemîe xnî
menklles m pecîis damdok' v barelUs sepi val. £xiii x s,

sub. xiîî s. vi[d,]

De Gyles Boggard' pro vi peciis panni aibi lanii in i pynnok'

vaL be s. sub, iii s.

De Johanne de Lak>Tighyth' pro xxvi peciis panni stricti iii

pedis panni lati iii chalon' [in] ii pynnok* val. £xviii

sub. xviii s.

De Johanne van Gyfi' pro iii peciis panni lati vi peciis panni

stricti in i pynnok' vaL £vi xi s. viii d. sub. \i s. vii A

De Johanne Bakker' pro ccc pellibus vitulinis vaL Ivi s.

sub. ii s. X d;

Summa xliii s. xi d.

Iq navi Willelmi Pott' vocata Holygost' de Rotherdam exeunte

ultimo die Octobris anno supradicto

De Nicholao Martyn pro viii barellis beere val. xiii s. iiii d.

sub. viii d.

Summa patet

In navi Everrardi Howmeystr' vocata Maryknyght de Dansk'

exeunte xii die Novembris anno supradicto

De eodem Euerrardo pro ii pannis laniis xii chalon' in î

pynnok* val. £vi sub. vi s.

Summa patet
In navi Claws Euerrardesson' vocata Paschedey de Skedam
exeunte xv die Decembris armo supradicto
De eodem Claws pro xxii pétris plumbi val. xxviii s.

sub. x\di d.

De Roberto de Botekysham pro xxx dotiis servisie ii lastis

cinerum h pellibus capramm val. £xxix sub. xxix s.

Summa xxx s. v d.
In navi Jacobi Dwyte vocata Christofer^ de Nelvyng* exeunte
xxii die Decembris anno supradicto

552

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De eodem Jacobo pro i panno di, lanio ii worsted' in î pynnok*

val. £Lm sub. iiii s.

De Henrico Pay pro i panno lanio îiî worsted' in i pynnok'

val. k s. sub. iii s.

Summa vii s.

In navi Johannis Crabowe vocata Maryknyght' de Dansk'

exeunte xxLx die Decembris anno supradicto

De Thoma de Waterden' pro v pannis laniis in i pynnok' val.

£x xiii s. iiii d. sub. x s. viii d,

Summa patet

In navi Gert van Tellet vocata George de Dansk* exeunte xxix

die Decembris anno supradicto

De Thoma de Waterden' pro iiii pannis laniis in î pynnok'

val. £x sub. xs.

Summa patet
In navi Henrici Thomasson* vocata Godwyle de Aremuth*
exeunte xxLx die Decembris anno supradicto
De Amaldo van Mastreght' pro thromes in i poka vaL viii s.

sub. v d

De Gyles da Pynchebek' pro v pedis pannî albi que faciimt

ii pannos val. £iiiî x s. sub, iiii s. vi d.

De eodem Gyles pro vi penulis cunîculorum val. xiii s. iiii d.

sub. viiid.
De Henrico supradicto pro i quarterio unius panni val. v s.

sub. ui d.

De Bartholomeo Pewdrer* pro ii peciis panni albi val. xxvi s,

viii d. sub. xn d.

De Johanne Bakester' pro x peciis panni stricti vocati

damdok' in i pynnok' val. Ixx s. sub. iii s. vi d.

Summa x s. viii d.
In navi Mathei Elwer' vocata Christofer' de Dansk' exeunte
ultimo die Decembris anno supradicto
De eodem Matheo pro i panno lanio ii worsted* val. Ixs.

sub. iii s.

Summa patet

In navi Johannis Canforre vocata Maryknyght de D«

exeunte xx die Januarii anno supradicto

TEE SUBSIDIES

SS3

De Johanne pro ii paimis laniis xxx chalon' îd î pynnok* vaJ.
£ix sub, ix s*

Summa patet

In navi Benedicti Jonesson' vocata Maryknyght' de Dansk'

[exeuBte] xxvii die Januarii anno supradicto

De Thoma de Waterden' pro vi pannis laniis in i pynnok' val.

£xii sub. xii s.

De Thoma Trassebut pro iii pannis laniis ix kerseys in î

pynnok' val. £vm vi s, viii d. sub, viii s. iiii d.

De Johanne de Wesenham pro xjdiii duodenis panni lanii xl

chalon' in î fardello vaL £xxx siib. xxx s.

De WiJlehiio Erie pro i panno lanio val. xlvi s.

sub. ii s. iiii d.
De Johanne Drewe pro xx worsted' in i pynnok' val. £vii

sub. vii s.

De Thoma de Baldeswell' pro î pecia panni lanii xxxviii

chalon/ in i pynnok' val £vii x s. sub, vii s. vi d.

De Johanne Lok* pro xviii kerseys iii pannis laniis in i

pynnok' vaL £viii sub. viii s.

Summa bcxv s. ii d.

§ 51. An accauni of a subsidy on wine imporied and on general
merchandise imparled or exporkd, Lynn, 22 Augusi-
5 November, 1402.

The subsidy includes a 2 s. tunnage on wine and an 8d. pound-
age on general merchandise. The first part of the account
contains only imports; the last part only exports. Among the im-
ports are found such usual commodities as timber, iron, wax, fish,
oil, and wine (77 tuns). The amount of leeks and onions brought
in from abroad seems to indicate a well-developed appetite. To
pay for these articles^ the port sent abroad her broadcloth
(pannus latus) and a few calf-skins.

Although no differentiation is made between aliens and
denizens, they may be distinguished by their names, in many
instances at least, A few cases of partnership are recorded.

The document itself is illiterate, interlineated> and frequently
corrected. It is probably either the original account made out for

554

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

the use of the local officials themselves or a copy made for the
inspection of the central officials and later revised.

Particule compoti Thome Grey et Johannis Brandon' coUec-

tomm subsidii ii s* de dolio vini et viii d. de libra in portu ville da

Lenna per breve regis patens datum xviii die Augusd aimo terdo

videhcet de exîtu dusdem subsidii a xxii die Augusti dicto anno

tercio usque vi diem Novembris proximo sequentem per visum et

testimonium Johannis Spicer contrarotulatoris ibidem sdlicet per

bcxvi dies ut infra.^

Navis Petri He>Tiesson' applicans ibidem xxix die Augusti anno

Henrid terdo

De eodem pro di. c panni Unci val [x] s. sub. iiii d.

De Michaele Perysson' pro viii" f — ^| ' val £iiii item pro

adiii'^ leoke val £vii

(Summa val] £xi sub. vii s. iiii d.

Summa [sub.] vii s. viii d.

Navis Johannis Brownn' applicans ibidem eisdem die at anno

De eodem pro ii*^ leoke i barello o>iions val £iii sub. ii s.

De Thoma Grey pro xx balis alu[m] et i las ta sope et iii

balls coton' woUe et ii"" dl leoke val £xx\'

sub. xvi s, viii d.

Navis Rolf Henrycson' applicans ibidem eisdem die et anno

De eodem pro dl c panni linei val x s. sub. iiii d.

De Petro Gysles pro c xviii libris peper val. £iiii

sub. ii s. viii d.

De eodem pro sope val £iii sub. ii s.

Navis Willelmi Be tesson' applicans ibidem quarto die Sep-

tembris eodem anno

De eodem pro c pottys c treyes [val viij s. sub. iii d.

De Johanne Elyngham pro xviii° bonch[e] allei val £xî

sub. vii s, iiii d.

De eodem pro xviii barels oynons val viii s. sub. iii d. ob.

Navis Gyles Martynsson* applicans ibidem eodem die

De Johanne Elyngham* pro iiii" leoke xxiiii barels onyons

val £xx sub. xiii s. iiii d.

» MS.| R. O., K. R. Customs, 95/12.

^ There is a lacunA in the manuscript here.

TEE SUBSIDIES

SS5

Na\is Johannis Claysson' applicans ibidem eodem die

De eodem pro xvi"" bonche ailei xx barellis sep[aru]m val. £x

sub. vi s. viii d.
Navis DanyeF Johannesson* applicans ibidem v die Septembris
De Thoma Maynor pro ii lastis &ope val. £xii
et xii balls alum vaL £viii
et ii balls coton* val. £x
et xxi^ di. leok val £xu
Summa val. £xliî sub. xxvîîî s.

Navis Johannis Wyntappar applicans ibidem vi die Septembris
anno tercio
De eodem et saciis suis pro ii lastis askys et 1 lasta beer val.
£îiîi ill s. iiii d. sub. ii s. ix d. ob.

De Edmundo Belleter pro vi lastis askys iiil" waynneskot
c iiii" delys et xxiiiic ttmholt val. in toto £xxiii vi s. viii d.

sub. XV s, vii d.

De Johaiine Wythe pro i lasta askys ic waynneskot xx delys

i c tunholt val, £iii x s. sub. ii s, iiii d.

De Johanne Style pro i lasta askys i c wayneskot xx delys i c

tunholt vaL £iii x s. sub. ii s. iiii d.

De Willelmo Honderp)ond' pro ii lastis dl. yryn vaL £viii

sub. v s. iiii d*
De Johanne Thorysby pro i kys£û cum hattys vai. x s.

sub. iiii d.
De S>Tnone Kempe pro 1 barello fili val. £iii sub. ii s.

De Johanne Home de Boston' pro il pece cere i fjardello]
lewent cum zerne vaL £xv vi s. viii d. sub. x s. iii d.

De Thoma Brygge pro 1 barello fili vaL £iii sub. ii s.

De Jacobo Brygge pro i lasta osmondi vaL £iiii

sub. ii s. viii d.

De Thoma Waterden pro î pece cere val £v i cista cum

lowynt val. xx s.

Summa val. £vi sub. iiii s.

De Thoma Paynet pro d canevas in i f|ardello] val. £v

sub. iii s. iiii d,
Na\as Johannis Perysson' applicans ibidem xx die Septembris
anno predicto

5S6

TEE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

De eodem pro cc leok val. xxvi s. viii d. xxxvi barels oynoas
vaL XX s.

Summa val. xlvî s. vîîî d. sub. xix d

De Petro Rast pro cc et xx barels onyons val. £vî vi s. vîii d.

sub. îiii s. iiid
De eodem pro vî*^ leok vaL £im sub. îî s. \m d.

De eodem pro panno lineo vaL xx s. sub. viii d*

De Petro Falke pro ccc dî. leok vaL xlvi s. viii d.

sub. xix d.
Navis Arond Cokeler appHcans ibidem eîsdem die et anno
De eodem pro îiii barels o>Tions val. îi s. iiii d.
xxiiîi bunche alei vaJ, îii s. iiii d.
et îi lasds Irowys val. v s.
Sumina val x s* viiî d. sub. îiii d. q.

De Thoma Skarlat pro xx bunche leok et x bareUis oynons i"

[ ] * xxiiîi sep' val. £iiî sub. iî s.

De Thoma Bener pro panno linîo val xxvî s. vîîî d.

sub. xi d.
De Jacobo Jonesson' pro î lasta di. de beer val. xxx s,

sub. xii d.

De Matheo Vantryhgt' pro kaburdasche val. xl s. sub. xvî d.

Navis Lam(?)van Dyst applicans xxiii die Septembris anno

predîcto

De Roberto Cokerell' pro ii*" viii*^ bunch[e] allei val. £xviii

xîîi s, iiii d. sub. xii s. v d. ob.

Navis Willelmi Scarlet* applicans ibidem vîii dîe Octobris

De Wîlleimo Gedeney pro vii lastis allecîs vaL £xviï xs.

sub, xi s. viii d.
De Johanne Brandon' pro x lastis allecis vaL £xxv

sub. xvî s. viii d.
De WiUelmo Amwyk pro îx lastis ailecîs val. £xxii xs.

sub. XV s.
De Thoma Alarmle pro vîîî lastis allecis val. £xx

sub. xiii s. iiii d.
De Thoma Spara' pro iîî lastis allecîs val. £vii x s. sub. v s.
De Adam Wythe pro iiî lastis allecis vaL £vii x s. sub. v s.
^ Illegible.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^JàB-^ ••. . ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^mm^^^^^^Ê

■

THE SUBSIDIES $57

De Johaime Kenynggar pro ii lastis dî, allecîs val. £vi v s.

sub, iiii s. ii d.

De Johaime Beteny pro iiî lastis di* allecîs albi val £viii xv s.

■

sub, v s. X d.

De eodem magîstro et sùciis suis pro v lastis di. val. £xiii xv s.

sub, ix s. ii d.

Navîs Deryt Weldi applicans ibidem x die Octobris anno iiii

De WîUelmo Waterden' pro v lastis allecîs val, £xli xs.

sub. viii s. iiii d.

^^^1

De Johanne LakjTigj^the pro iîîî lastis aUeds val. £x

sub. vi s. viii d.

De Willelmo Howdirpond' pro x lastis di. allecis val. £xxvi

■

V s. sub, xviî s. vi d.

De Ricardo Frauosham pro îî lastis allecîs val. £v

■

sub, iii s. iiii d.

De Johanne Home pro x lastis di. allecis val £xxvî vs.

sub. xviî s. vi d.

De Johanne Hert pro i lasta allecis val. 1 s. sub, xx d.

De Roberto Style pro i lasta allecîs val. I s. sub. xx d.

De Willelmo Hooynge pro iii lastis allecis val. £vii xs.

sub. V s.

De Johanne Schorysby pro iiii lastis allecis val £x

sub. vi s. viîî d.

De Johanne Draper pro î lasta aUecîs val. 1 s, sub, xx d.

De Ricardo Constabyl* pro vi lastis allecîs val, £xv sub. x s.

De Ricardo Westaker pro v lastis allecis val £xiî x s.

sub. viii s, iiii d.

De Roberto Tostys pro v lastis alleds val. £xîi x s.

sub. viiî s. iîiî d.

De Johanne Lover pro iiii lastis alleds vaL £x

sub, vi s. viii d.

De Johanne Wythe pro ii lastis allecîs val. £v

sub. iii s. iiii d.

De Willelmo Baret pro ii lastis alleds val. £v

sub, iii s, iiii d.

De Roberto Walforton' pro i lasta alleds val. 1 s. sub, xx d.

De Johanne BonjTige pro i lasta allecis val. 1 s. sub. xx d.

SS8 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Navis Roginaldi Voke applicans ibidem eisdem die et anno
De eodem pro i lasta alleds val. 1 s. sub. xx d.

De Johanne Marche pro vi lastis alleds val. £xv sub. x s.
De Edmimdo Bellyter pro vi lastis alleds val. £xv sub. x s.
De Johanne Style pro iiii lastis alleds val. £x sub. vi s. viii d.
De Adam Waryn pro iiii lastis di. alleds val. £xi v s.

sub. vii s. vi d.
De Johanne Lakyngythe' pro iiii lastis alleds val. £x

sub. vi s. viii 4
De Willelmo Brykham pro iiii lastis alleds val. £x

sub. vi s. viii d.
De Johanne Drapere pro ii lastis alleds val. £v

sub. iii s. iiii d.

De Willelmo Style pro iii lastis alleds val. £vii x s. sub. v s.

Navis Hermanni fan' Monster applicans ibidem xx die Octobris

anno iiii

De eodem et sociis suis pro iii barellis oly et ce pisscibus

duris val. £iii sub. ii s.

De Edmimdo Bekyt' pro iiii lastis cum di. pissdbus duris

val. £xlv sub. xxx s.

De Roberto Botylsham pro iiii lastis cum di. pissdbus duris

val. £xlv sub. xxx s.

De Willelmo Loke pro ix lastis pissdbus duris val. £iiii"x

sub. £iii

De Ranlyn Betyngham pro iiii lastis cum di. pissdbus duris

val. £x]v sub. xxx s.

De Johanne Marche pro iiii lastis cum di. pissdbus duris val.

£xlv sub. XXX s.

Navis Beround Smyht' applicans ibidem eisdem die et anno

De eodem et soc[îîs] suis pro iii barellis oly val. xxv s.

sub. X d.

De Radolpho Betyngham pro v lastis cum di. pissdbus

duris val. £lv sub. xxxvi s. viii d.

De Johanne Lakyngythe pro v lastis cum di. pissdbus duris

val. £lv sub. xxxvi s. viii d.

De Roberto Botylsham pro v lastis ami di. pissdbus duris

val. £lv sub. xxxvi s. viii d.

TEE SUBSIDIES 559

Navîs Stephani de Myxsa applicans ibidem iii die Novembris
De Johanne de la Garde pro bcxvii doUis vini

sub. £vii xiiji s.

Navis Petym' Heynesson^ exiens ibidem quinto die Septembris
anno tercio
De Michaele Perysson' c di. pellium vituHnanim in i fardello
val. xl s. sub. XVÎ d,

Navis Robert! Kockesson' exiens eîsdem die et anno

De Bartholomeo Tostys pro vii pedis panni latis [sic] en i

fardello val. £vi sub. iiii s.

De Adam* Waryn pro xx\iii pedis panni lati in ii fardellis

val £xxii vi s. sub. xiiii s. x d. ob.

De Rogero Galyan pro xx pedis panni lati in i fardello val,

£xvi sub. X s. rai d,

Navis Roberti Malle exiens ibidem viii die Septembris
De Johanne Reynold' pro octo peciis panni lati in i fardello

val. £vi sub. iiii s.

De Rogero Galyan' pro x dossenis panni lati in i fardello val,

£viii sub. V s. iiii d.

De Johanne Benycle pro vii pedis panni lati in i fardello val.

c X s. sub. iii s. viii d.

Navis Roberti Outlawe exiens ibidem viii die Septembris anno
terdo
De Rogero Galyan' pro xxiii peciis panni lati in 1 fardello val
£xviii vi s. viii d. sub. xii s. iii d,

Navis Ade Outlawe exiens ibidem eisdem die et anno

De Edmimdo Benet pro v pedis panni in i fardello val £iiii

sub. ii s. viii d.
vaL £mc brv x s.
I sub. £xxxviii xvii s. iii d. q.
vini Ixxvii dolia
. sub. £™ xiiii s.
Summa ^ recepte £xlvi xi s. iii d. q.

Summa ' istius rotuli

^ Probata. Some uukoportant syismaries of the rcckf and dorso of this account
have httn omitted*

560 TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

§ 52. An account {controller's) of a subsidy on general merchan-
dise imported by aliens or exported by aliens and denizens,
London, 21 April — 2j June, ijoç-

The rate of this subsidy was i s. per £. This» however, is not
indicated in the account, in which the official valuation, not the
customs, is recorded, as is usual in a controller's account. The ■
first part of the document includes only imports; the second only "
exports. The imports are of great variety: woad, oil, iron, ho[^,
glass, spices, mercery, haberdashery, peltry, and leather and
metal wares. Specialties from several Continental towns arc
mentioned, such as Rouen cutlery, Bruges and Lyons thread,
Naples fustian, and Vitr>^ canvas. To be compared with these
are French bonnets, Burgundy and Rhenish glass, Picardy
woad, and Spanish hides. Among the more unusual wares were
quails, shirts, armor, cushions, beads of many kinds, soap,
combs, brushes, carv^ed images, tin goblets, dishes, razors,
daggers, spectacles, inkhoms, paper (plain, black, and painted ?)| ■
and printed books. The last-named came in one instance in a
hogshead, in another in a basket. Foreign cloths of many kinds
are listed, such as canvas (unspecified, coarse, and Vitry), white
cloth, linen cloth, old cotton, buckram, ohon, sackcloth, hod [don]»
painted cloth, cloth of gold, brussel, tapestry, verdeur, sarsenet,
damask, chequered damask, velvet, " crimesyne " velvet,
" velvet super velvet pirled cum auro," short silk, satin, " cri-
mesyne '* satin, *' tynseld " satin, and camlets. The principal
exports were cloth: kerseys (unspecified, white, and colored),
white cloth, cloth without grain, " north " cloth, cotton russetj
scarlet, frieze, Imen, and worsted duplex. Of these the kerseys
were by long odds the most important. Prominent among the
other manufactured goods were beer, starch, and considerable
amounts of pewter (vasa eleclri); of less importance were latten I
(brass) chafing dishes, latten candelabra, kettles, basins, and
blowing homs. Of the score or more of non-manufactured
articles, tin, lead, wheat, bacon, and calf-skins were perhaps the
most important. Some of the exports were probably of foreign
origin, such as oranges, pitch, tar, and wax.

?/D/Z

561

The containers or measures mentioned in this account were

unusually numerous:

bagï

*' coffyns "

panes

bales

'* dykers ''

pipes

" balieu "

fardels

pokes

barnEls

fodders (foidders)

quinlals

baskets

hogslieads

sacks

bundles

ja«

timbers

butU

maundes

trusses

cages

packs

vats

chests

The size of some of the shipments was large, for example, Barth-
olomew Loml>Tie, an alien, exported kerseys and cloth (without
grain) to the value of £1414. In the case of the exports, compari*
son can be made of the relative number of aliens and denizens
engaged in the trade. Alien merchants and shipmasters made
nearly three times as many shipments as denizens. Several
cases of trading through agents or factors, both aliens and deni-
zens, are found. Two prominent merchants were Anthony
Vivald 1 of Genoa in the import trade and (Sir ?) Richard Gre-
sham * in the export trade.

FinaUy , the degenerate condition of the Latin, the patois of the
custom house, is a striking feature of this document as of most of
those of a late date.

Contrarotulamentum Johannis Heron^ nuper contrarotulatoris
subsidii ibidem a vicesimo primo die Aprilis quo die Dominus
Henricus Rex Septimus obiit usque ad festum Nati\dtatis Sancti
Johannis Baptiste tunc proximo sequens anno primo domini regis
nunc videlicet tam pro subsidio duodecim denariorum de libra de
mercandisiis indigenarum et alienigenarum extra dictum portum
eductis quam de subsidio de mercandisiis alienigenarum in dictum
portum adductis per tempus predictum.*

' ^ Antomo dc Vivaldis. made denizen in 1513. Letters and Papers, Foreign and
Domes tic J i, § 4147 (i June),

• An unusually early reference to tbe mercantile activities of (Sir ?) Richard
Gresham, If the father of Sir Thomas, he was at this time only about 24 years old*
» MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 8i/i.

TBE EARLY ENGUSE CUSTOMS

[De bonis adductis:]

De navi Jacobi van Lare xxiiii die Aprilis ival.]

De eodem magistro alienigena iii sacci vii pokes happes iii"
crus[es| £xxv *

De Fernanda Dassa alienigena de navi Andrée Hughson iii
ba]letts unnessede iiii^ libre Uii s, iiii d.

De Comelio Cotyk' alienigena de navî predicta c erthen potts
xvi dos[sene] cruses i keverld viii dossene cruses ii vetcr'
federbeddys iii dossene veter' cusshens' vi driping parnics
vii ketilles viii coper potts i fox furr' et alia

£iîîî vi s. vîiîi d.

De Petro Provot alienigena de navi Reginald! Rows ii packes
canvas continent' iii" ulnarum £xlv

De Thoma Dawte alienigena de navi predicta ii fatts î pîpa
cum xii grossis papiri depicti ii grossis muskebaUes u
grossis laton[e| brouches i grosso Roone cultellorum xxxvi
grossis boxbedes xv grossis pectînum xx libris pakfilfi] xiiii
grossis wulcardes xv grossis wulzon[arum] et aliîs

£xîilj XV s.

De Hermano Havesbek alienigena de navî Jacobi van Lare î
barelltis cum v dossenis brusshes et aliîs X3cx s.

De Edmundo Nicholson alienigena de navi predicta i
maunde cum iii dossenis tabularum depictarum xv karved '
ymages i dossena pannorum depictorum ii grossis spec-
takiiles î grosso et di. ledder bages î grosso parv** bages

£vî xiîi s, iiii d.
De navi Nicholai de Condon eodem die

De Fernando Dassa alienigena Ixxi baie gualdi £hji

De Johanne Alonnso de Salenas alienigena iiii** ii baie
gualdi jGiii" ii

De Francisco de Sousa alienigena xxxv baie gualdi £xnv

De Alnero de Arma alienigena Ixxîi baie gualdi £bcm

De Stephano de Andrea alienigena iiii^ baie gualdi £iîii**
De navi Enego de Mend ose eodem die

De Alnero Valledolit alienigena xxvii doHa olei £c viii

■ The sujns of money in tliiâ account indicate the valuation of the goods, cot Ibe
custonas.

TBE SUBSIDIES

563

De Johanne de Cordua alienigena xxîî dolia i pipa olei

£im" X

De Martino Maliienda alienigena iîî bale grani continentes
îîîi*^ libras £xx

De Johanne de Castro alienigena xxvî dolîa î hog[eshede]
oleî £c V

De eodem magistro et marinariis alîenigenis î pipa iîî
hog[eshedesJ oleî xii quintallî racemonim 1 i^dixv' jarres olei

£vii iiîs. îmd.

De Martino Brîtayne alienigena iîî sacci annesseede con-
tinentes iiî*^ di. [lîbras] cbc potts de luto xx dossene
disshes vî dossene corke £iii xvî s. vlii d.

De Stephano le Fever alienigena de navi Reginaldi Rows ii
fardellî cum iii" ulnarum canvas v*^ ulnîs teli albi £lv

De Pet m Provot alîenîgena de navi predîcta î barellus cum
xi dossenis bonetts Franc[îe] £vîi vî s. viii d.

De Johanne Burskyn alienigena de navi Jacobî van Lare i
barellus contînens vi pecias et vî di. pecias teli linî con-
tinentes ce XV ulnas Ixx pecias veter' cotons £viii

De Jacobo de Ponte alienigena de navi Jacobî van Lare x
baie mader £xxv

De Henrico Wente alienigena de na\î Andrée Hughson ii
sacci hoppes £îiîi

De Gerardo van Dome alienigena de navi Andrée Hughson
1 skyve tazilles xxxiii s, îiîi d.

De Nic-holao Valeîs alienigena de navi Reginaldi Rows îî
pipis [sic] cum îx dossenis îrassh cardes xiii** tazilles x
dossenis botelles £iîi

De Rum bold S try alienigena de navi Jacobî van Lare î
maunde oim xii dossenis pannorum depictomm iîii"
bundelli papiri nîgri i dî, cista continens xxx dossenas
poucheringes xii dossene clowts pynes iii dossene parv*
pouches c libre crosbowe fili îii^ et di, albi fili ix grossa
spectakîls; de navi Andrée Hughson' v** paving tile vîii*^
cnises îiii" x bundelli nigri papiri £xx xiii s. iîiî d.

De navi Johannis Massîee xxvi die Aprilis

De eodem magistro alienigena ii ciste suger £iii vi s, viii d.

564

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Fernando Gunsaluo alienigena c dossene corke v*

orenges £x xvi s. viîî d.

De Johanne Alfonnso aliemgena c lampreys xx s.

De Gunsaluo Perus alienigena vi^ xl lampreys £vi i s.

De Gunsaluo Rocha alienigena xxxviii sacci Utmosse [con*

tînentes] ce le pece îii ciste suger c lampreys £irv

De Alnero Yanus alienigena v dolia ferri £x

De Garcia Gyir alienigena xix ciste suger £xxxi xiiî s. iiîid.
De Basteano Rodrigus alienigena vii ciste suger

£xi xiii s. iiii d.
De Vasco Serpo alienigena xîi ciste suger £xi

De Petro Yanus alienigena xiiii sacci litmosse continentes ce

!e pece £vii

De Gunsaluo Peta alienigena v sacci litmosse continentes ce

le pece 1 s,

De navi Johannîs de la Reda eodem die

De Johanne de Serando aliemgena i dolium olei £îiii

De Johanne de Arche alienigena iii^ pome gamettes % s.
De Michaele Mariner alienigena ix^ pome gamettes xxx s.
De Johanne Boniface alienigena factore Siluestri Pardo

alienigena xxv bages alumînîs continent* xxv*^

£xvi xiiî s. iiii d.

De navi Johaimis Bowdon junioris eodem die

De Fernando Dassa alienigena iiii** iî baie gualdi £iiii" ii

De Johanne Yvanus alienigena xxxii baie gualdi £xxxii

De Ochoa Darbolancha et Petro Darismende alienigenis

xxxix baie gualdi £ixxix

De Alonnso Compludo alienigena îUi" i baie gualdi £iiii« i
De Johanne Alonnso Salenas alienigena xv baie gualdi £xv
De Francisco de Sousa xxx baie gualdi £xxi

De Martino Maluenda alienigena iiii" iii baie gualdi

£iiiî«iii
De Johanne de Castro alienigena xxx baie gualdi £xn

De Francisco Annisco alienigena xxxiii baie gualdi £xxxiii
De Alneto Valledolit alienigena xxx baie gualdi £xxi

De Johanne Darbeto alienigena iiii"* xvî baie gualdi

£iiîi**xvî

THE SUBSIDIES %6$

De Nîcholao de Créai alienigena lii baie gualdi £1M

De Stephano de Andrea alienigena Ixxvi baie gualdi £Ixxvî
De navi Roberti Langmede eodem die
De Fernando Dassa alienigena Ixîi baie gualdi £lxiî

De Johanne Yvanus alienigena iiii" baie gualdi £îîii"

De Ochoa de Arbolancha alienigena et Petro Arismenda

alienigena Lxi baie gualdi £bd

De Alonnso Compludo alienigena c xxxvîîîi baie gualdi

£cxxxvîii
De Johanne Alonnso Salenas alienigena bdii baie gualdi

£lxiii
De Francisco de Sousa alienigena xxxvi baie gualdi £xxxvi
De Francisco Annisco alienigena bcii baie gualdi £btii

De Johanne de Castro alienigena xl baie gualdi £xl

De Alnero VaUedolit alienigena c xliiîi baie gualdi £c xliiii
De Stephano de Andrea alienigena iiii** baie gualdi £liiî"^
De navi Willelmî Goby eodem die

De Johanne Yvanus alienigena iiii^* viii baie gualdi £îîîi** viii
De Ochoa Darbolancha et Petro Arismende alienigenis xl

baie gualdi £xl

De Alonnso Compludo alienigena Iv baie gualdî £lv

De Martino Maluenda alienigena x baie gualdi £x

De Johanne Cavalcanti et Leonardo Bartholmu alienigenis

ixx baie gualdi £lxx

De Johanne de Castro alienigena c xîx baie gualdi £c xix
De Francisco Annisco alienigena Ixii baie gualdi £lxii

De Alnero VaUedolit alienigena xxx baie gualdi £xxx

De Johanne Darbeto alienigena iiii** xvi baie gualdi

£iiii*' xvi
De Henrico Dankar alienigena de navi Jacobi van Lare î

parvins barellus cum vi grossis pouche ringes £iii

De Francisco de Catro alienigena de navi predicta iîii

basketts cum xi*^ galipotts iiii dossenis purses vi dossenis

gobletts iiii dossenis salis iiii dossenis snoffers \ii dyker

rasours et aliis £vi

De Maryno Dentiver alienigena de navî predicta i basket

ciun ccc galipotts xx s.

566

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Henrico Poctet alienigena de navi Andrée Hughson' î

poke hoppes xxx s.

De Lukin Vivald' alienigena de navi Jacobi van Lare x bale

mader £xiv

De Georgio Hogstetar alienigena de navi predicta i packe cum

ii bages ginger continent^ lii^ libras £xv

De Blasio Pastorik alienigena de navi predicta i fardellus i

basket cum vii grossis bedes xx%a s, \dii d.

De Anthonio Vivald' alienigena de navi predicta x bale

mader i bala papiri £xxvi

De Gerardo van Dome alienigena de navi Adrian! Hughson'

iiii sacci hoppes ii bale mader de navi Jacobi van Lare vi

bale mader £xxvîii

De Jacobo Collys alienigena de navi Jacobi van Lare v bale

mader £xii x s.

De navi Johannis Bowden senioris xxviii die ApriUs
De Alonnso Compludo alienigena Iv bale gualdî £lv

De Ochoa Darbolancha et Petro Arismende alienigenis lx\'

bale gualdi £lxv

De Martine Maluenda alienigena x bale gualdî £i

De Johamie Cavalcanti et Leonardo Bartholm[u] alienigenis

kx bale gualdi £lxx

De Fernando Dassa alienigena xJviii bale gualdi £xl\iii

De Johanne Yvanus alienigena iiii" bale gualdi £iiii**

De Alnero Valledolit alienigena bti bale gualdi £lxi

De Johanne de Castro alienigena iiii" xvii bale gualdi

£iiii** xvn
De Francisco Annisco alienigena lix bale gualdi £lix

De Johanne Darbeto alienigena xvii (?) bale gualdi [£xvii]
De navi Willelmi Agus ii die Maii

De Fernando Dassa alienigena be bale gualdi £lx

De Johanne Yvanus alienigena xli bale gualdi £xli

De Alonnso de Salenas alienigena iiii" xi bale gualdi

£iîii"xî
De Francisco de Sousa alienigena xl baie gualdi £xl

De Martîno Maluenda alienigena xlv baie gualdi £xlv

De Alemo VaOedolit alienigena xliii baie gualdi £xliii

De Johanne de Castro alienigena xxx baie gualdi £xxï

De navi Johannis Perus eodem die

De Aloanso Compludo alienîgena vi" v^ xxiîii eedes ferri

£c viii rv s.

De eodem magistro et marinariîs alienigenis c xîx endes ferri

xls.

De Ambrosîo de Grote alienîgena de navi Johannis William-
son xîii baie mader viii sacci hoppes ii laste soope iî**
crusses ce 1 bundelli nigri papîri xxx bundelli basts ii saccî
hempe et alia £Lxxîiiî

De Amoldo Harrison alienigena de navi Jacobi Corner ii
bages spletes et splete hatts 1 s.

De eodem magistro alienîgena de navi Jacobi Corner \dii
vage et di. salis v barelli soope îii pokes hoppes

£xi îii s. iiiid.

De Johanne Piersson alienîgena de navi Jacobi van Lare i
basket cum xiiiî ymages de ligne xl s.

De Derik' Obell alienîgena de navî Andrée Hughson' iiii
pokes hoppes £vî

De Otwell Petersson alienigena de navî Jacobi Cornel' i
hog[eshede] cum î harnes xl s.

De navî Johannis Mongenyn eodem [die]

De Johanne Yvaous alienigena xxxii baie gualdî £xxxiî

De Alnero de Lerma alienîgena xxxvdii baie gualdi £xxx\iii

De Johanne Alonnso Salenas alienigena xl baie gualdî £xl

De Francisco de Sousa alienigena xxx baie gualdi £xxx

De Alnero ValJedoIit alienîgena xil baie gualdî £xii

De Fernando Dassa alienîgena Iv^îii baie gualdi £!viii

De Gerardo Bromel alienigena de navi Johannis Staprest ii
cages cum xxx dossenis quaîiles 1 s.

De WUlelmo Donkar alienigena de navî predîcta v cages cum
iiii" dossenis quailles £vi xîii s. iiii d.

De navi Martini de Ressavale vii die Maîî

De Ortonio Catalmaga alienigeoa vii** vîiî*^ îîîî" îî endes
ferri £c xxxi viii s. iîiî d.

De Alonnso Compludo alienigena xi*' xxîx endes ferri

£x\âîî xvî s, viii d.

De Martino de Tolosa alienigena m vi^^l endes ferri vii"
reedes viii baie likoresse £xxx z s.

S68

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Johaime Dalsa alienigena ccc iiii" endes fern

£vi VÎ s. vîiî d.
De navi Willelmi Bowden eodem die ■

De Johanne Aloimso Salenas alienigena c be bale gualdi £c Ix

De AJonnso Compludo alienigena xii bale gualdi £xii

De Johanne Darbeto alienigena c viii bale gualdi £c viii

De Johanne de Castro alienigena iiii" xvi bale gualdi M

£im** x\i

De Alonnso Compludo alienigena de navi Yngle Bekar xi
dolia olei £xl]iii

De Jacobo Chapman alienigena de navi Roberti Pawne î
fardellus contînens xii^ ulnas canvas iiii"-^ libras pakfilfi)
ii pipis [sic] cum xii dossenis nov' cardes xxv dossenis
veter' cardes i dossena bytts £xxix

De Nicholao BeU' alienigena de navi Yngle Bekar i hog-
[eshede] cum x dossenis cours hatts i parv* basket cum ii
dossenis et di. felts ii dossenis parfes] flesing cardes xvi
parfes] gloves £vi

De Coraelio Vanderstrete alienigena de navi predicta vi ^
barelli erthell i couchebedde £iii |

De Stephano le Fever alienigena de navi Roberti Pawne i
hogfeshede] cum xxi dossenis nigr' bonetts i dossena
powches £xiiii

De Bromie Arnold' alienigena de navi Petri Dele ii^ erthen
potts vi"^ parmi depicti iii dossene cruse coopertorionim
i baskett xxiiii libre lînî vi parv' basketts vi stoles iï
kakes gingerbrede ix cowpes xxvi s. viii d.

De Nicholao Pastorik alienigena de navi Herman! Swane' î ■
basket cum x dossenis mistel bedes iiii dossenis glasbedes
iii dossenis pennars iii dossenis ledder zonarum

xxxiii s. iiii d.

De Jacobo de Ponte alienigena de navi Petri Dele xi bale
mader £xxvii x s.

De Henrico Busse alienigena de navi Jacobi Shomaker i cage
cum xxviii dossenis quailles xlvi s. viii d.

De Rum bold' Sery alienigena de navi Petri Dele xv*" cruses
ii bale mader £vii x s.

TEE SUBSIDIES

De eodem magistro alienigena de navi Jacobi Shomaker ic
staple pisces v'^ parve pisces î dL barellus samonis

£xii xvi s. viii d.

De Willelmo Daakard alien îgena de navî Hermani S wane* î
hog[eshede] c libre pakfilfî] ii dossene powche ringes îî
dossene pouches xxxiii s. iiii d.

De Stephaeo Greigo alienigena de navi Petri Dele i basket
cum XX dossenis mistel bedes î dossena rennyng glasses vi
dossenis sherys î libra yxtry i libra yvery pectinum iiiî
dossenis cultellorum et aliis 1 s.

De Stephano de Bodna alienigena de navi predicta i basket
cum xxiiii" bedes vi dossenis glasbedes ii** bonebedes ii
libris yvery bedes vi dossenis homecombes et aliis 1 s.

De Araoldo Cleting alienigena de navi Johannis BoH/ î
barellus cum v*^ virgis veter' cotons £viii vi s. viii d.

De Lukin Vivald' alienigena de navi Petri Dele viii bale
mader i cista cum xiiii pecîîs et remanentis velvet conti-
nentibus cc xl virgas £c x

De Wilford' Williamson alienigena de navi Henrici Luk' î
bage cum hethe pro brusshes et aliis xx s.

De Nicholao Reneris alienigena de navi predicta i pipa i
hog[eshede] continent^ vii" tazilles £iii

De Francisco de Pomeray alienigena de navi Hermani
Swane' Ixviii bale mader iiii packes canvas cours conti-
nent' xxiiii*^ ad xx s, le c £c iiii" xiiii

De Johanne Breamond alienigena de navi Joys Hayman i
parv' basket cum iiii dossenis packing shets iii tykes ii
peciis hod[den ?] li remanentis i dossena et di. shirts

£iii vi s. viii d.

De Tyse van Elst alienigena de navi WîUelmî Herte xlviii
parv'' rounde stones x s.

De Blasio Pastorik' alienigena de navi Petri Dele i basket
cum iiii papers veter' coton* iiii dossenis napkins vi
dossenis et di. rasours vii dossenis cultellorum et aliis

£iii X s.

De Gerardo van Dome alienigena de navi Petri Dele ii sacci
î poke hoppes £v x s.

570 TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De eodem magîstro alienigena de navî Willelmi Herte vîT
pisces saisi u*^ parve pisces x barelli pisdum salsorum

£xi X s.

De Johaime de Sancto Nicholao alienigena de navî Joys
Hayman i basket cum li grossis et di, bedes î dossena
bokes i grosso glasbedes i libra string' fil[i] v** bonebedes et
aliis xxiii s. iiii d.

De Ambrosio Grote alienigena de navi Petri Dele ii sacd
hoppes ii fardelli îî basketts continent* cv di. pedas et
remanenta teli lini Hasburgh continentes Mv^ ulnas m
libre fr^-ing pannys £xxm

De Johanne Delavraud' alienigena de navî Joys Hayman ii
basketts continent' ii grossa et dî. bedes ii dossenas et di.
par\'' glasses i dossenam pannonim depictorum ii dossenas
napkins et alia £iii

De Anthonio de Garret alienigena de navi predicta i basket
cum ii grossis et di. bedes i case cum iii dossenis spectakîl-
les iiii dossenis bonebedes ii dossenis et di. cultellorum et
aliis xxvi s. viii d.

De Nicholao de Venys alienigena de navî predicta ii bas-
ketts cum iiii cases spectakilles x dossenis pennars et
ynkhomes vii dossenis zonarum vi dossenis glasbedes et
aliis £iiii

De Petro Hamesmaker alienigena de navi predicta i dos-
sena halbardes i barellus cum x pariis splynts viii skulles ii
gorgetts i paria flankardes xlvî s, viiî d.

De Stephano Fever alienigena de navi Cardyne Vasse' iii
dolia [i] pipa olei iiii pack es canvas continent' vii** ulnanun

£ciix

De Thoma Dawte alienigena de navi predicta i pipa i parvus
fardellus cum xîi dossenis trassh cardes xx grossis box
bedes £iii x s.

De Petro Bosom alienigena de navî predicta îiii packes
canvas continent* vii" ulnarum £cv

De Ricardo le Baye alienigena de navi predicta î pipa ii
hog[eshedes] continent' xv dossenas bmsshes bt bundellos
Lyons fil[i] x grossa et di. papiri depîctî vî grossa laniarum

TEE SUBSIDIES

571

zonarum viii dossenas halts îiîi dossenas nigranim cap-
pamm îiiî barelH et di. lymail £xv xiii s. liii d.

De Alexandro Nele alienigena de navî predicta i basket i
parvus saccus continent' x grossa laniamm zonarum ii
grossa gold weights ii grossa parv^arum balanciarum vi
dossenas bridel by tts îiii grossa primers i grossuni pectinum
iiii grossa boss[esJ £xvi x s.

De eodem magistro de navi Petri Dele ii sackes hoppes £iiii

De Roberto BotiJler alienigena de navî Cardyne Vasseur ï

barellus [continensi xii grossa pectinum i grossum laniamm

zonarum i peciam et ii di. pecias bullen sarsenet xx grossa

latone ringes £v

De navi Thome Finklet xxi die Maii

De Johanne de Castro alienigena xx bale gualdi £xx

De Johanne Yvanus alienigena Iv bale gualdi £lv

De Johanne Alonnso Salenas alienigena xlvi bale gualdi

£xlvi

De Johanne Darbeto alienigena xiii bale gualdi £xiii

De Colyne Letile alienigena de navi Cardyne Vasseur ii
bareUi continentes c et di, canabi xv s.

De Gerardo Bmnet alienigena de navî Johannis Staprest iiii
cages quatUes continent' xl dossenas £iii vi s, viii d.

De Johanne Vgnall alienigena de navi Anthonii Talp>Ti iii
cages quailles [continent'] xiii dossenas iii*^ cole pisces

£iiii X s.

De Roulando Brand alienigena de navi Johannis Staprest i
baskett cum viii saletts iiii flankardes ii brest plates

XX s.

De Willelmo Pound alienigena de navi Petri van Creke !
coffre cum xx peciis brussel i pecia hod[den ?I iii peciis
dyaper vi dossenis napkins et aliis £xvi v s.

De Ambrosio de Grote alienigena de navi Petri Busse xvî
bale mader iii sacci hoppes £xlvii xiii s. iiii d.

De Edmundo Nicholson alienigena de navi Petri van Creke i
maunde i fai cum iiii grossis gloves i grosso parv* glasses
vi grossis bonebedes vi grossis horscombes vi grossis
cultellorum vi dossenis daggers i grosso rasours ii*" libris

572

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

coper ware; de navi Petri Busse ii mandes cum ii mastis
ambr[e] iiii grossis cristalbedes îîiî libris yvery bedes xîî**
jaspar stones ii grossis bonebedes et al[iis] haberdasshe

£xxv

De Alnero de Lerma alienigena de navi Simonis Johnson' i
bage continent' c et di. grani £vîi x s.

De Anthonîo Vivald' alienigena de navi Petri van Creke i
bala continens xxii pecias teli lini iii*^ ulnas ad xl s. ii
bale cirici curti continentes c x libras ad îîîi s* le libra
ii ciste cum xîx peciis velvet continentibus iii*^ xx virgas

£cxlviii

De Petro Bosom alienigena de navi Johannis Blake ii di.
packes continent^ xvî*^ ulnas teli albi £xxzii

De Johanne Richard alienigena de navi predicta i hogfeshede]
cum libris impressis £iii

De Johanne Victory alienigena de navi Petri Busse i parvum
trussum cum xxii virgis teli auri £xxix vi s. viii d.

De Dominico Soly alienigena de navi predicta i dsta cum
xvil peciis et remanentîs velvet continentibus iii'^vi virgas;
de navi Petri van Creke i cista cum xiiii pedis velvet
continentibus cclx virgas £cc xii v s.

De Johanne Breamond* alienigena de navi Petri predicti ii
hogfeshedes] cum c dossenis pjTuies ii fardelli i cista i
mande i barel trane ; de nai-i Petri Busse i hog[eshede] ii
paLTvi barelli continentes \^ii grossa pouche ringes vii
dossenas Bruges fiJ[i] xxiiii libras fili riband viii dossenas
wuskde fili xxviii pecias satyne Sipers xii pedas fili Domik'
i peciam fustean Napuls ii coverletts tapicery 1 uln[anim]
ix pecias et di. diaper vi pecias cours towelles x dossenas
napkins v^ ulnas cotons di. dossenam cours cusshens iii
dossenas cusshen pannorum xxxiiii di. pecias brusel \i
pecias brusel teli et alia £liii«iiii xvi s. viii d*

De Huberto Courtnaken alienigena de navi Petri Busse i
saccus hoppes i bala mader xi rolles sakke clothe i cista
tapicery cum viii beddes xxv ubanim le pece cc uhe
veter* cotton* x pecie cours verdeur continentes iiii°
ulnas £xvi

TEE SUBSIDIES

573

De Nîcholao Haresbek' alienigena de navi Petri Busse ii
sacci iiii pokes hoppes iii bale mader et alia

£xx iii s. iiii d.

De Matheo Skynner et Jacobo Alisander alienigenis de navi
Johannis Blake iiii coffres iîiî casketts xviii cours bmsshes
xviii bonetts vi grossa cadas zonarum i pecia teli lini oîgrî
iiii pecie teli albi xii shirtes vi cappes £v x s.

De Francisco Bry^keman alienigena de navi Petri Btisse i
basket cum libris impressis £iiii

De Ricardo Alleys alienigena de navi Reginald! Rous ii
fardelli cum vi*' ulnis canvas xii dossenis pariarum veter'
shetes ccxl endes ferri iii pipis [sic] vii*^ et di. canabi viii
dossene boteUes i pecia bever iii pede olrons ii cases vitri

£xxîîîî

De Matheo Doublet alienigena de navi Johannis Blake vi di.
fardelli Vitry canvas £îx

De Johanne Dye alienigena de navi predicta i fardellus cum
XX remys papiri et diversis libris impressis £iii xiii s. iiii d.

De Gerardo van Dorae alienigena de navi Petri Busse iii
sacci hoppes £vi

De Bartholomeo Lancelot alienigena de navi Simonis
Johnson- v di. barelii skel i basket cum viii dossenis et di,
brusshes vi dossenis rubbers iii grossis trenchers depict'
de navi Willelmi Busse iiii vage glasses £xx

De Johanne et Adam Skjmner alienigenis de navi Edwardi
Petersson i basket cum i federbedde i fardellus cum v'^ et
di. bogy alb' crud' ix*^ pellibus lam be nigr' c fox cases v
man telle shankes iii man telles et di. nigr' lambe iiii** pelli-
bus bogy bastard £xv xiii s. iiii d.

De Gerardo Mathewson' alienigena de navi Petri Busse i
basket cum i dossena glasses vi s. viii d.

De Francisco Michel et Nîcholao de Catro alienigenis de navî
predicta iii basket ts m galipot ts ii quylts; de navi Petri
Creke iiii basketts cum iiii quylts vi bankars vi cusshen
pannis xv dossenis cultellorum iii dossenis napkins et aliis

£ix vi s. viii d.

De Petro Senturio alienigena de navi Petri van Creke ix

S74

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

pecîe iii remanenta velvet continentes ce xiî virgas m i
cista £bcxix z s.

De Jacobo Fount alienigena de navi Petri Busse i mande cum
vii^ libris piperis i cista cum cc xxxiiii virgis velvet

£c xxii XV s.

De Margareta Benvîk alienigena de navi Reginaldi Rows i
basket cum î grosso pectinum i dossena brusshes et aliis

XX s.

De Derik ObelF alienigena de navî Petri Busse iii sacd
hoppes £vî

De Marine Dentiver alienigena de navi Petri Creke vi
basketts cum xiiiidossenis cultellomm vi libris ambre bedes
viii libris yv&ry bedes iiii dossenis daggers xvi dossenis
napkins iiii libris yve^-^ pectinum x\^iii dossenis crule
zonanim vi dossenis iyngoblets et aliis £x\'ii x s.

De Willelmo Cramburgh alienigena de navi Simonis Johnson'
V cùfyns vitri Burgogne i cista vitri Renesfh] iiii di. dste
vitri £v vi s. viii d.

De Olmero Tormel alienigena de navi Petri Busse iii bale
cum iii" c pellibus nigr' boge rawe £xli vi s. viii d.

De navi Johannis Messry primo die Junii

De Johanne Boniface alienigena vi bages grani continent'
iiii^ iiii** libras £x3diii

De Johanne Dalsa alienigena mIxvî endes fern £xvii xv s.

De Johanne Monchaco alienigena iii basketts cum xxui
dossenis pellium Hispannie ii fardelli cum x dossenis
taillorssheres xv*^ reedes £xvii x s.

De Dominico de Markena alienigena iiii sacd bog>' conti-
nentes iii'' dossenas ad ii s. vi d. le dossen* £xxxvii xs.

De Johamie de Saldo alienigena ix bale nigr' boge conti-
nentes ini"" dossenas ad xx d. le dossen' £xxxiii vis. viii d.

De Johanne de Gory alienigena xvi^ reedes xxvi s. \m d.

De Garcia Markena alienigena iii" iiii^ Ixxv endes ferri

£lvii xviii s. iiii d.

De Dominico de Rawre alienigena vi*^ parv' reedes vi s. viii d.

De Ortonio Catalmaga alienigena x dossene peUium nigra-
nmi Hispannie £vi

THE SUBSIDIES

57S

De navî Petri Busse

De Henrico Weye alîenigena î hogfeshede] i basket cum xv
parv* ymages de lîgno vî pannîs depictîs i dossena daggers
ix dossenis cultellorum de navi Petri van Creke î hog-
feshede] cum î grosso gloves i grosso et di. spectakîlles m
trebedes et alîîs £vî iîi s. iiii d.

De Jacobo van der Warf * alienigena de na\â predîcta i mande
cum îîiî^xi tykes £xio xiiî s. îiîi d.

De eodem magîstro alienigena de navî Edwardi Petersson'
vî vage salis i sacke \ pake hoppes £vîî x s.

De Baltazar Vivald' alienigena de navî Petri Busse i maunde
cum ce xlvi virgis velvet xiiiî peciis sarsenet £c xxxiiiî v s.

De Joys Kayser alienigena de navi predîcta i barrellus
contînens iî grossa pouche ringes c libras pakfili

xxvi s. viii d.

De HermanBo Brewer alienigena de navî Adriani Hughson'
îi sacci i poke hoppes x*^ libre canabi £x x s.

De Rumbold Sery alienigena de navi Petri Busse i packe cum
V dossenis pannorum depîctorum c ulnis cours tapîcery
iiii dossenis cusshen pannorum xl dossenis bankars iîi dos*
senis et dî, Gent' carpetts Ix libris pakfili i basket cum iîi*'
lîbris pakfili xx dossenis rubearum pellium i hogfeshede]
cum iîî grossis pouche ringes; de navi Adriani Hughson
i mande cum ix dossenis pannorum depictorum Ix ulnis
tapicery cours; de navi Petri van Creke i fardellus cum
XV dossenis packing she tes £xxvîi vî s. vîii d.

De Johamie Cavalcantî alienigena de navî Johannîs Hog-
geson ii ciste cum xix peciis damaske continentibus iiîi^
iiii" virgas vii peciis sarsenet vUi peciis chekerd damaske
continentibus ce virgas £clvîî

De Francisco Debard* alîenigena et Petro Cors alienigena de
navi predicta î cista cum iiii libris ciricî curtî iiiî peciis
damaske continentibus iiii"x virgas ii peciis sarsenet

£xxiiii xvis, viîî d.

De Juliano Seristory alienigena de navi predicta iiii baie
rawe boge contmentes iîi*' iii'^ pelles ad xxvi s, viii d. i
bala rawe foynes contînens ii*^ iiii"xiiii pelles ad vid, le

s 76

TBE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

pece i parvus fardellus cumi i cistis contîneiitîbus i pedam
velvet super velvet pirled cum auro contînentem xxiî
vîrgas ad xvi s, viii d. le virga îîii pecias sarsenet £iîu"i xv s.
De navi Johannis Grisby vîîi die Junîi

De Lukîn Vîvald* alienîgena xlv dolia olei £cwF

De Jacobo Pount alienigena xiii dolîa î pipa olei jCliiii

De Anthonio Vivald' alienigena iiî barelli trîakle continentes
iii*^ libras i bala cîrici curti continens Ixx libras JCxii

De Petro Senturio alienigena xiii dolia î pipa olei £liiu

De navi Johannis Dyron vocata Maryfoynt Raby eodem die
De Alnero de Lerma alienigena iii** cxxiiii endes ferri

£lii XX d.
De Johaime Boniface alienigena v*^ xxxv endes ferri

£viiî xviii s. iîiî d.

De Sunchoa (?) Dyron* alienigena iii fardelli cum xx dossenis

nigr' bog>^ rawe ad iii s, le dossen' et liii**x dossenis ad

il s. vi d. £xîiii xiii s. iiiî i

De eodem magistro alienigena cxxviii endes ferri et iî^

reedes xlv'i s. viiî A

De Johanne Othoa alienigena ii fardelli cum îiii"x dossenis

rawe boge et xx dossenis rawe boge £xv

De navi Michaelis de la Lane eodem die

De Johanne de Castro alienigena xxii dolia olei £iiii" vîîi
De Francisco Annisco alienigena ix dolia olei £xxxvi

De Luca de Bodna alienigena iu*^ reedes îi*^ pomegametts

xiii s. iiii d.

De Petro Amado alienigena vîîi
De Gregorio Streso alienigena

De Daniele Derikson alienigena

î poke hoppes
De eodem magistro alienîgena

hoppes
De Comelio Mymme alienigena

cage cum viî dossenis quaiUes
De eodem magistro alienigena

xxxviii vage salis

dolia olei £xxxii

vii dolia i hog[eshede] olei

£xxix

de navi Edwardi Jacobson'

XXX s.

de navi predicta v pokes

£\'ii X s.

de navi Anthonii Dormer î

xîs, viiid.

de navi Johannis Cole}Ti

£xxv vi s. vîii d.

TBK SUBSIDIES

577

De Francisco de Bard* et Petro Cors alienigenîs de navî
Johaimis Staprest ii ciste cum xxîîîi peciîs sarsenet vi
peciis et remanentis velvet continentîbus iiii**x virgas
vi peciîs damaske continentibus c xl virgas

£c xxxiiî XV s.

De Juliano Seristory alienigena de navi Johannîs Staprest î
dsta cum îi peciis sarsenet xv peciîs chamlet i pecîa panni
auri continente xx \àrgas ad xxvi s. viii d, le virga

£xlii xiii s, iiii d.

De Petro Boyas alienigena de navi Perot Worsam xl vage
salis i barellus mustardseede £xx\"ii

De Gerardo Bninet alienigena de navi Johannîs Staprest îiî
cages quailles continent' xxviîi dossenas iiii sacci hemp-
seede continentes dî. c £iii vi s. viii d.

De Francisco Patisane alienigena de navî Johannis Staprest
i ciata cum xi peciis et di. sarsenet £xxxiiîi x s.

De navi Yvon Calvet xv die Junii

De Henrico Busse alienigena de navi Johannis Williamson'
alienigenis iiî cages cum xlvîii dossenis quailles £iiii

De eodem magistro alienigena xxx vage salis £xx

De Johanne Grave alienigena viii fardelli cum lii peciîs
lokeram et ^nn bolts olrons £x]ix vi s. viîî d.

De Jacobo Pensumo alienigena v fardeUi cum xxxii peciîs et
dï, pecîa lokram i fardeUus cura vi peciis lokram

£xxxviii X s.

De Simone Fenys alienigena viii fardelli cum xlviii peciis
lokram 1 ulnis teli albi x peciis Vitry canvas xvii ulnis teli
albi £lii vi s. viii d.

De Johanne Bosom alienigena de navî Johannîs Colyon v
fardelli iii basketts continent* iiîi"^ pelles cours boge ad
XX s. le c xxviii panys fox throtes xx fox pelles iiî panys
fo>me throtes iî pecîas sarsenet ii remanenta damaske
continentia xîiii virgas iiii pecîas velvet continentes iiii^
virgas ii pecîas iii remanenta satyne contînentia iiii"
virgas vîi" ix*' ulnas canvas mm ulnas teli albi xxv man-
telle shankes mm tavillons iiii^ boge pelles ad xl s. le c

£cc Iiii X s*

578 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Robinet Botîller alietiigena de navi Johannis Calyon i
pîpa cum rii remys papiri xv grossis counterfait pectînum
xxiui libris pakfili î grosso laniarum zonanim i grosso
harsgirtke xxx s.

De eodem magistro alienigena de navi Jac?obi ComeK v^
parvi pisces et vii*^ staple pisces £ix x s.

De Petro Bosom alienigena de navi Johannis Calyon \-î bale
mader £xv

De eodem magistro alienigena de navi Comelii Johnson' vii
sacci i poke et xxxvî poketts hoppes iiii^ xix bale gualdi
Picard* ad vi s, \âiî d. le bale £iiii" iiii x s.

De Ambrosio de Grote alienigena de naiâ Johannis William-
son' viii sacci hoppes x laste asshes c bnndelli nigri papiri
X rolles cours canvas £xxix

De Dionisio Sw>Tie alienigena de na\î Martini Kanke xii*' et
dî. pisces staple vii poketts hoppes c cole pisces £xx

De eodem magistro alienigena de navi Coppin van Donkerke
îîi** staple pisces m parvi pisces £xxxv

De eodem magistro alienigena de navi Joys Johnson* v^
staple pisces £v

De Blasio Balbany et Sello Gentile alienigems de navi
Comelii Wigar ii ciste cum x pedis velvet continentibus
cclxx virgas v pecHs satyne continentibus cl virgas îî
pedis crimesyne satyne in grano continentibus 1 virgas ad
xiii s. iiii d. £c Ixxii xx d.

De Andrea Mayne alienigena de navi propria m viii"" pisces
staple iii poketts hoppes £xxi

De Olmero Spore alienigena de navi Coppin van Donkerke î
hog[eshede] cum vi" brigandine nailles iii dossenis fili nigri
iiii dossenis laniamm zonanim ii dossenis pouche ringes
xiii dossenis cultellorum et aUis £v

De Johanne Tory alienigena de navi Willelmi Node î barellus
cum iiii tymber cours grey c xx fox' cases tawed vl mjiikes
ii ostriche pellibus xil cours mynkes c pellibus alb' bogy et
aliis £v xiii s. iiii d.

De Nîcholao Morvile alienigena de navi Comelii Wigar i
cist a cum v peciis damaske continentibus cxxx virgas xiili

I
I

THE SUBSIDIES

579

peciis satjTie contiiientibus ccclx virgas u pedis tyaseld
satyne [continentibus] xl virgas £cxlii xiii s. itii d.

De Baltazar Vivald^ alienigena de navi predicta i cista cum
iii peciis î remanento velvet continentibus Ixx virgas et ii
remanentis crimesyne velvet continentibus xx^îîi virgas

£xliiii xviii s. iiii d.

De Jacobo Fount alienigena de navî Willelmi Node ii
mandes piperis continent' xiii*^ et di. £bcv4i x s»

De Alnero de Lenna factore Philippi Caryon alienigena de
na\T predicta i bala continens cl libras grani £vii x s.

De Anthonio Vivald* alienigena de navi Comelii Wigar i cista
cum xl peciis chamletts i case cum ii peciis velvet continen-
tibus xl virgas i bala cirici curti continens xxx libras

£xl\âî xiii s. iiii d.

De Laurencio Pascalego alienigena de navi predicta i trus-
sum cum i pecia satjTie continente xxii virgas £v x s.

De Jacobo Fount alienigena de navi predicta î cista cum ÎÎ
peciis velvet continentibus xl virgas £xv

De Fernando Dassa alienigena de navi Simonis Johnson' ii
hog[eshedes] gummi continent' m libras £x

De Hermanno Haresbek' alienigena de navi Comelii Wigar i
pipa continens xîi dossenas lokkes xx dossenas persers vi"
alblades iii grossa par\'* belles xl ulnas cours canvas £v

De Derik Marland alienigena de navî Johannis Williamson î
trussum cum x\iii dossenis pouche ringes xx s.

De Adriano Michelson alienigena de navi Jacobi ComeF i
parv^ basket cum iii dossenis pouche ringes i dossena cul-
tellorum xiii s. iiii d.

De Radulfo Sancto Stephano alienigena de navi Coraelii
Wigar ii parv' basketts continent" di. grossum bodkins di,
grossum sisers iii dossenas napkins xx virgas veter' coton'
XX virgas diaper ii libras yvery bedes iiii dossenas loking
glasses i barel triakel Iiii s, iiii d.

De Dominico Sawly alienigena de navî ComeEî Wigar i
tnissum continens \ii pecias teU hod[den ?] £iiii v s.

De Jacobo Fount alienigena de navi predicta ii maundes
piperis continentes xv"" et di. £barvii x s.

58o

TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De Ricardo Asshe alieoigena de navi Coppia Cornel/ ii
barelli canabi continentes vîi*^xl libras viii libre pakfili
XVÎÎÎ libre canabi £m xiii s. iiii d.

De Johanne Perns alienigena de navi Comelii Wigar ii sacd
huppes £iii]

De Wîllelmo Cranebiirgh' alienigena de navi predicts ii
coffyns cum \itro xxvi s. \-iii d.

De Johanne Acres alienigena de navi predicta ii sacci hoppes

£iiii

De Francisco Pomerey alienigena de navi predicta xii barelli
alumînis continentes Ix quintallos i saccus hoppes £xlii

De Nicholao Pascoill aUenigena de navi predicta i basket cum
Î dossena cultellonim xiii dossenis treenbedes viii dossenis
nigr* glasbedes i dossena loking glasses et aliis xl s.

De Rum bold' Sery alienigena de navi predicta iiii" bundelli
nigri papiri i pipa cum vi grossis pouche ringes îî barelli
filinges fern xiiii"^ crusses £vii vi s, \4ii d.

De Adriano van Home alienigena de navi predicta i cista cum
rawe glasse i basket cum glasboordes 1 s.

De Johanne Piersson alienigena de navi predicta i basket cum
v^^ drinking glasses xiii s, iiii d.

De Waltero Darley alienigena de navi Coppin Comelisson
ii" staple pisces £xx

De Willelmo Vanhoven alienigena de navi Comelii Wigar î

barellus cum v peciis teli lini vi dossenis taillour sherys c

virgis veter^ coton' iiii dossenis cultellorum iiii pokes

hoppes £x

De navi Thome Robyns xix die Junii

De Johanne de Castro alienigena factore Alonnsi de CîvîUia
alienigena vii dossene i hogjeshede] olei £xxix

De Lodouico de Fava alienigena xii ciste sinamon conti-
nentes viii"^[libras] iiii" quintaUi brasile £cc xiii vi s. iiii d.

De Johanne de Pago alienigena de navi Cornelii Wigar iii
basketts cum v^ galipotts ii dossene napkins vi dossene
glasbedes i dossena writing tabularum vi dossene pecti-
num iii dossene spectakilles iiii dossene bedes ii dossene
powches i parv* basket cum c galipotts £iîî x s.

THE SUBSIDIES

581

De Anthonio Vivald' alienigena de navi predicta iii maundes
pîperis continent* xxxvf libras piperis £c iiii"

De Lodouîco Potter alienigena de navi predicta î saccus
hoppes ii bages cum c et di. canabi c et di. lini xxxii virgis
coton £mi

De Willelmo Dankar alienigena de navi Johannis Selby v
sacci continentes îîii quarteria et dî. hempseede i cage cum
X dossenis quailles xxxv s*

[De bonis eductis:]

In navi CoppvTie Hayne xxii die Aprilis

De Johanne Feeld' indigena pro xlfiicches bakonis Ms. iiii d.
Et pro i basket cum ij dossenis chauffing disshes latone xl s.
In navi Court Bekeman xxiiii die Aprilis

De Radulpho Wilsine indigena pro m pellibus cuaiculorum
season m pellibus cuniculorum siage et dî. vaga casei

£iii V s.
De Henrico Edmond' indigena pro xv^iii" pellium cunicu-
lorum season et xii" pellium cuniculorum stage £xlviii
De Nicholao Davy alienigena pro iii butts et di. romney

£v xvi s. viii d.
De Willelmo Webstar alienigena pro iiii libris croci et ii**
orenges xlvi s. viii d.

De Thoma Lukas indigena pro xii" pellium cuniculorum
season et xx" pellium cuniculorum stage £xlîiîî

In navi Jacobî Tymberman xxvi die Aprilis
De Gerardo Cromar alienigena [pro] x pannis albis £xx

De Thoma Spring indigena pro iiii libris croci xl s.

In navi Bardyn Bekket xx\'iii die Aprilis

De Petro Bosom alienigena factore Johanms Cutte mîlîtis pro
miii /ouîdre et di. plumbi £lviii

De Willelmo Abbate de Stratford* indigena factore Johannis
Cutte militis pro duobus blokkes stagni £v

Et pro centum et di. goodes cotonrusset £iii xv s.

De Roberto Botiller alienigena pro xiii*^ goodes cotonrusset

£xxxii xs.

S82 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

In navi Johannis Stevyns eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro i bala cum vii dossenis
pamii north' viii pannis et xx virgis sine grano

£xxxv xi s. viii d.
Et pro iiii dossenis pellium vitulinarum tannatarum

xiii s. iiii d.

Et pro di.^ libris vasorum electri xiii s. iiii d.

De Anthonio Martinus alienigena [pro] i bala cum iii dossenis

panni north' vii pannis et xxii virgis sine grano vi virgis

kersey col[orat'] £xzx

De Alnero Yvanus alienigena pro una bala cum ix pannis

xviii virgis sine grano et xi virgis kersey alb'

£xxxiiii xvi s. viii d.
De Samsone Crompton' indigena pro cc quarteriis frumenti

£1
In navi Petri Lossoame ii die Maii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro xxx balis lini xxx s.

Et pro centum et di. [libris] vasorum electri xl s.

In navi Coppin van Lare eodem die
De Willelmo Staunton' indigena pro i mande cum iii"
pellium cuniculorum season m pellibus agninis vocatis
markins £vii xiii s. iiii d.

De Johanne Cusse alienigena pro xv*^ pellibus cimiculorum
season et v^ pellibus cuniculorum stage £iii x s.

In navi Willelmi Sayer iii die Maii
De Edmundo Kempe indigena pro i fardello cum vi^ goodes
cotonrusset £xv

De Johanne Easton indigena pro viii^ goodes cotonrusset £xx
In navi Colyn Fever
De Hugone Howel alienigena pro i bage cum iii*^ et di.
âokkfis] xxiii s. iiii d.

In navi Petri Yanus vi die Maii
De Willelmo Owtwayte alienigena pro cc quarteriis frumenti

£1
De eodem magistro alienigena pro i fardello ciun i dossena
panni north' xii pannis et xii virgis sine grano

xliiu vui s. mi d.

Et pro xvî dossenis pcUium vitulînanim tannatarum centum
Ubris plumbi casi et x bareilis picis et tarre

£iiii xi s. vîiî d.

De Alnero Fernandtis alîenîgena pro iiii dossenis pellium

vitulînanim tannatarum xiîî s. îîîî d.

In navi Adrianî Hughson' vii die Maii

De Jacobo van Lare alienigena pro iiii doliis beere £iîiî

De Hermanno Haresbek' alienigena pro i basket cum xiii*'

peJIibus cunîculorum season et pro iiii'^ pellibus cunicu-

lorum stage £iii

Et pro i barel cum clvi libris vasonim electri xl s.

De Johanne de Castro alienigena pro cxx libris vasonim

electri xxxi s. viii d.

De Coraelio Cotyk alienigena pro c libris vasorum electri

xxvi s, viii d.

De Hermanno Haresbek' alienigena factore Anthonii Yele

pro xv^ libris thrommes £v

Et pro Ivi libris wodenetts iii s. iiii d.

In navi Reginald i Rosse eodem die

De Johanne Alleys alienigena factore Johannîs Cutte mîlîtis
pro iii fouidres xviii" et di. plumbi £xv xv s.

Et de eodem pro v fouidres iîi quarterns plumbi £xxîii

In navi Coraeiii Johnson' viii die Maii

De Dominico Soly alienigena pro i bala cum xxii pannîs albis

£xlîiii

De Alexandro Bnissel alienigena pro xîi virgîs panni sine

granno viii virgis frj'se i pecia musiede duplic' Iviii s. iiii d.

In navi Martini Arrisabale eodem die

De Ortonio Catalmago aliejiigena pro v*^l quarteriis f rumen ti

£c xxxviî X s*
De Francisco Annîsco alienigena pro x fardellis cum xxix
pannis xix virgîs sine grano et i kersey col[orat'|

£c v vi s. viii d.

De Johanne de Castro alienigena de navî predicta [pro] xiii

fardellis cum xxxvi pannis xvî virgîs sine grano et iiii" ii

virgis skarlet £c Ixix vi s. viii d*

De eodem pro c libris vasorum electri xxvi s. viii d.

584

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Alnero Valledolit alien igeoa pro viii fardellis cum xxiîiî

paimis et îîi vîrgîs sine grano £im**uu xi s, viii d.

De Martine Maluenda alîenigena pro xii pannis sine grano

£xiii
De Alnero de Lenna alienigena pro viii fardellis cum xvii
pannis xvi vîrgîs sine grano xvîîi kerseys col[orat'j

£lxxix xvi s. \iij d.

Et pro c libris vasomm electri xxvi s. viii d.

De Johaime Darbeto alienigena pro x fardellis cum m

pannis sine grano £c v

De Petro Mynar alienigena [pro] i fardello cum iii pannis xii

virgis sine grano £xii v s.

De Fernando Dassa alîenigena pro vii fardellis cum xx pannis

xix virgis sine grano £lxxii xv s.

De Ortonio Catalmago alienigena pro I quarteriis frumenti

£xii X s>
De Marticot de la Garde alienigena pro iii fardellis cum x\^
pannis xvi virgis sine grano v kerseys colforat*]

£Iix xvi s. viii d.
Et pro i barello cum cc libris vasorum electri liii s. iiii d.
In navi Johannis Williamson eodem die
De Henrico Pottar alienigena pro v doliis beere £v

De Ambrosio de Grote alîenigena pro x pipis beere £v

Et de eodem factore Johannis Cutte militis pro iiii blokkes
stagni £x

Ad hue in navi Adrian! Hyghson*
De Rumbold' Sery alienigena [pro] i pipa îî hog[eshedes] cum
ex dossenis libramm st arche £v v s.

De Derik' Marlar alienigena pro i pipa cum Ixxiiii dossenis
libramm starche xxxvi s* viii d.

De Derik' ObelF alienigena pro iii doliis beere £iii

In navi Johannis Hoggeson* xi die Mail
De Willelmo Brereley mdigena pro xl flicches bakonis 1 s.
De Thoma Johnson* indigena pro iii doliis beere £iii

In navi Johannis Marciel xii die Mali
De Roberto Paget Indigena pro 1 quarteriis frumenti

£xii xs.

THE SUBSIDIES

585

De Johaime Awthorp' indigena pro xx quarteriis frumenti £v
De Fernando Penis alienigena [pro] î fardello cum ix paiinis

sine grano £xxxi x s.

De Garcia GUles aliemgena pro i fardello cum x patmis iiii

virgis sine grano 1 dossena panni north' £xxxvi v s.

De Gunsaluo Roche alienigena pro î fardello cum xi pannis

xii virgis sine grano iii dossenis panni north' £xlii v s.
In navi Yngle Bekar xiiii die Mali

De Derik' Obeli alienigena pro ii doliis beere xl s.

In navi Johannis Alfonnso eodem die
De Johanne Perns alienigena [pro] i fardello cum 11 pannis

viii virgis sine grano £viii iii s* iiii d.

De eodem pro iiii'' libris plumbi cast xvi s. viii d.

De eodem pro xl libris vasomm electri x s.

De Martîno Alnerus alienigena {pro] i fardello cum v pannis

viii virgis sine grano £x\'^iii xiii s. iiii d*

Et pro xii dossenis pellium vitulinamm tannatarum cc

quarteriis plumbi cast iii barellis pids v parv' ketilles

£iii XX d.
Et pro iiii" libris vasomm electri xx s.

De Basteano Gyles alienigena pro î fardello cum vi pannis x

virgis sine grano viii virgis kersey col[orat*] xii goodes

cotonrusset et iii dossenis pellium vitulinarum tannatarum

_ £xxiiixvs.

lÈe pro îîîi^ î quarteriis plumbi cast xxxiiii barellis picis

£vi xi s. viii d.
De eodem magistro alienigena pro xxv quarteriis frumenti

£vi vs.
In navi Johannis Penis eodem die
De Orthonio Catalmaga alieaigena pro cxx quarteriis

fnimenti £xxv

De Alonnso Compludo alienigena pro iii balis cum xx\âiî

pannis xvi virgis sine grano £c vi s, viii d.

De Francisco Amiisco alienigena pro x fardellis cum xxx

pannis viii virgis sine grano £c vi iii s. iiii d.

De Thoma Bondea alienigena pro iii balis cum c Iv dossenis

pellium vitulinarum tannatarum £xxv xvi s. viii d.

586

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Ordonya alienigena pro i fardello cum xx dos*

senîs pellium vitalmamm tannatamm £iiî vi s. viii A
De Rodrigo de Metidosa alienigena pro xiiil quarteriis

fnimenti £iii x s.

De Johanne de Castro alienigena pro xii fardellis cum xxrvi
. paimis viii virgis sine grano £c xxvii iii s. iiii d.

De Alnero Valledolit alienigena pro viii fardellis cum xxiiii

paimis sine grano £iiii"iiii

Et pro di.^[libris] vasorum electri xiii s. iiii A

De Martino Maluenda alienigena pro iiii fardellis cum m

pannis viii virgis sine grano £xliii iii s. iiii d.

De Johanne Darbeto alienigena pro xvii fardellis cum xlii

pannis et i \arga sine grano et ii pannis xvi virgis albis

£clii X s.
De Fernando Dassa alienigena pro xiii fardellis cum xxxviii

pannis xvdii virgis sine grano £c xxx\^ xiii s, iiii d.

In navi Ennego de Mendosa eodem die

De Petro Senturio alienigena pro ix balis cum uii*^ xlii dos-

senis pellium vitulinarum tannatamm £lxxiii xiii s. iiii d.
De Petro Lopus alienigena pro i cista cum ii pannis sine grano

£vîi
Et pro i barello cum c libris vasorum electri xxvi s. viii d.
De Johanne Cordoa alienigena pro ii balis cum xxxii pannb

viii virgis sine grano £c xiii iii s. iiii d.

De Anthonio Vivald' alienigena pro xvii fardellis cum iiii*^xx

dossenis pellium \4tulinarum tannatamm £lxx

Et pro iiii pannis sine grano £xiiii

De Johanne de Castro alienigena pro ii balis cum xxxiii

pannis xvi virgis sine grano £c xvii xvi s. \iii d.

De Alnero Valledolit alienigena pro i fardello cum iiii** ii

virgis skarlet * £xli

Et pro ii barellis stagni cast continentibus bf libras £xii
Et pro V kerseys col[orat'] £v

De Martino Maluenda alienigena pro i fardello cum xxiiii

kerseys col[orat'] £xxiiii

De Johanne de Cordoa alienigena pro i panno sine grano

£iiixs.

I
I
I

TRE SUBSIDIES

587

In navi Johannîs Jolyfak* xviii die Maii

De Johanne He wstar indigena pro vîîî^^goodes cotonrasset £xx
De Galfrido Ravenyng indigena factore An thon ii Yele pro

ii*" libris thrommys xiii s, iiii d.

In navi Thome Reede xxi die Maii

De Georgio Harpesfeld' indigena pro c ix goodes cotonrusset

£iiii
De WiUelmo Johns' indigena pro i fardello cum xxiiii rolles

fry se £xxii xiii s, iiii d.

De Roberto Chersey indigena pro xii*' goodes cotonrusset

£xxx
In navi Johannis Hubard eodem die

De Georgio Harpesfeld' indigena pro i fardello cum viii*'

goodes cotonrusset £xx

De WiUelmo Johns* indigena pro i fardello cum xkxvi rolles

fryse £xxiiii

De Ricardo Manne indigena pro i fardello cum c libris

woodenetts et Ix libris flory xxxvi s. viii d.

In navi Herman i Swanne eodem die

De Juliano Seristory alienigena pro i barello cum c libris

vasorum electri xxvi s, viii d.

De Fernando Dassa alienigena pro i fardello cum ii pannis xvi

virgis albis et i panno sine grano £viii xvi s. viii d.

De Francisco Annisco alienigena pro ii pannis viii virgis sine

grano £viii iii s. iiii d.

De Anthonio Cavalero alienigena pro xxx fardellis cum iii^

dossenis pellium vitulinarum tannatarum £l

Et pro Î panno et viii virgis albo xi virgis panni sine grano

£iiii viii s. iiii d.
Et pro i quarterio vasorum electri vi s, viii d.

De Dominico Soly alienigena pro iiii balis cum c Ixvi kerseys

col[orat'] xxxix kerseys alb' £c iiii"xii

In navi Bartholomei W3Tal eodem die

De WiUelmo Gardener indigena pro i fardello cum ii*^ goodes

cotonrusset £v

De Willelmo Webbe indigena factore Johannis Cutte militis

pro viii blokkes stagni £xx

De Johaime Middelton îndîgena pro î barello cum cxiîîî
libris vasorum electri xxxiii s. îiii d.

In navî Joys Hayman ultimo die Maii

De Tyse van EIst alieûigena [pro] i hogfeshede] cum ni
dossenîs pellîum vîtidinamm tannatarum et i barello cum
xîiî dosseais lîbrarum starcbe xlvi s, viii d.

5S8 TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

In navî Lopo Dyes eodem die
De eodem niagîstro alienîgena pro i lardello cnm ix pannis
xiiiî vîrgis sine grano xii virgis skarlet i dossena panni
north* i kersey et vi vîrgis kersey col[orat'] £xli xi s. viii d.
De Martino Alonnso alienigena pro viî barellis pids et tarre
il dossenîs pellium vîttdinarum tannatanim xxx s.

Et pro iiii*^ libris plumbi cast xvî s. viii d.

De Petro Yanus alienigena pro i fardello cum iii pannis iiii
vîrgis sine grano £xi xi d.

Et pro ce libris lîni xîiî s. iîiî d.

In navi Johannîs Bowdon' junioris xxiîi die Maii
De Wîllelmo Johns* îndîgena pro i fardello cum kxii rolles
fryse £xlviii

In navi Willelmî Bowdon eodem dîe

De Marticot de la Garde alienigena pro Cxx quarteriis

frumentî £xxx

Et pro clxx quarteriis frumentî £xlii ^ ^ A

De Johanne Maynard et Johanne Ambrose indigenîs pro îîi 1

fardellis cum xvii'^xx goodes cotonrusset bdiî dossenîs ,

pellium vitulinarum tannatanim £liîi x s. ■

In navi Cardyne Vasseur eodem die

De Petro Bosom' alienigena pro vi" ce libris cere £c xxiiîi
De Stephano Fever alienigena pro v" îîii*^ libris cere £c viii
De Bastiano Russan alienîgena pro ii balis cum M goodes
cotonrusset £xxv

In navi Johaimis Spereman xxiîii die Maii
De Johanne Bartlot indîgena pro ii^'bc goodes cotonrusset

£vî xs.
De Wîllelmo Webbe indigena factore Johannîs Cutte niîlîtis
pro viii blokkes stagnî £xi

lu navî Johannîs Kempe xxv die Maii ■

I
I

THE SUBSIDIES 589

In navi Thome Finklet ii die Junii
De Ricardo Gresham et Willelmo Copeland îndîgenîs pro v

fardellis cum ii" goodes cotonmsset £1

In navi Johannis Blake iiii die Junii

De Roberto Sooper indigena pro ii fardellis cum xvi"" goodes

cotonmsset £xl

Et pro Î hogfeshedef cum xxiiii dossenis blowing homes £iiii
In navi Johannis Jacob v die Junii

De Johanne Curtes indigena pro vi doliis beere £vi

In navi Petri van Creke viii die Junii

De Johanne Knight indigena pro i barello et iii di. barellis

rub' oker xiii s. iiii d.

De Radulpho Waren indigena pro Î fardelio cum c goodes

cotonrusset 1 s.

De Hennanno Haresbek alienigena pro i pipa iii hog[eshedes]

cum x\''i'^ pellibus agninis vocatis morkins £v vi s, viii d.
De Rumbold' Sery alienigena pro ix*^xl goodes cotonmsset

£xxiii X s.
Et pro i pipa cum cxvi dossenis libramm starche

Iviii s. iiii d.
De Vincencîo Franke alienigena pro ii barellis cum cc libris

vasomm electri Iiii s. iiii d.

De Georgio Wodehous indigena pro i fardelio i balet cum iii*^

libris thrommes m pellibus cuniculorum season m pellibus

cuniculorum stage et c libris woodenetts £iiii vi s. viii d.
De Martino Maluenda alienigena pro i fardelio cum xii pannis

xvi virgis sine grano ii virgis skarlet £3dv vi s. viii d-

Et pro iiii ulnis wustede duplic' in grano xx s.

De Johanne Lake indigena pro iiii fatts cum iiii'^ I dossenis

libramm starche £ix vi s. viii d.

Et pro i quarterio vasomm electri vi s. viii d.

De Anthonio Vivald' alienigena pro i bala cum xxvi kerseys

coI[orat*] xix kerseys alb* £xxxviii xiii s. iiii d.

Et pro I bala cum vi*' goodes cotonmsset £xv

In navi Adriani Hughson* eodem die
De Roberto Watson indigena pro be quarteriis avene et x

quarteriis (abamm £vi

590 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Amoldo Cleyton alienigena pro i bala cum xliii dossenis
peUium vitulinarum tannatarum i barello cum ziiii dos-
senis librarum starche £vii z s.

De Rogero Redington' indigena pro iii hog[eshedes] beere zl
dossenis librarum starche xxxi s. viii d.

In navi Reginaldi Rosse eodem die

De Edmimdo Gerves indigena pro ii packes cum zii^ goodes
cotonrusset £xzz

De Willelmo Anys indigena pro i fardello cum cc goodes
cotonrusset £v

De Roberto Sooper indigena pro i fardello cum vii^ goodes
cotonrusset £zvii z s.

De Johanne Bayart alienigena pro iiii lastis pids £viii

De Jacobo de Ponte alienigena factore Johannis Cutte
militis pro zi fouldres et di. plmnbi £zlvi

De Thoma Dawte alienigena pro ii packes ciun xv^ goodes
cotonrusset £xxxvii z s.

De Willelmo Forman indigena pro i packe cum vi^xxx goodes
cotonrusset £xv xv s.

De Ricardo Alleys alienigena pro ii balis cum vii^ goodes
cotonrusset Ivi dossenis pellium vitulinarum tannatarum
iii*^ morkyns £zxvii xvi s. viii d.

De Nicholao de Crey alienigena pro iii" cc libris cere

£lziiii

De Roberto Butlar alienigena factore Johannis Cutte militis
pro V fouldres plumbi £xx

Et ii" viii^ libris cupri vocati drosse coper £ziiii

De Nicholao Duodo alienigena pro i fardello ciun iiii pannis
sine grano et iiii" goodes cotonrusset £xvi

In navi Coppin Piers ix die Junii
De Willelmo Sonnyng indigena pro vi doliis beere £vi

In navi Johannis Hogeson xi die Junii
De Simone Gierke indigena pro i fardello cum xlv goodes

cotonrusset xxiii s. iiii d.

De Roberto Thomson indigena pro i fardello ciun xlii goodes

cotonrusset xxi s. viii d.

TBE SUBSIDIES

S9I

In navi Sîmonis Johnson' eodem die
De Willeimo Cramburgh' alienîgena factore Anthonii Yele

pro v"" et dî. thrommes xxxvi s. viii d.

De Roberto Watson indigena pro i mande cum ii*^ pellibus

agninps] albis iii^ pellibus cuniculomm season ii^ et dî.

thrommes " xl s.

De Henrico Waye alienigena pro xxxiii dossenis pellium

vitulinamm tannatanim £v x s.

In navi Petri Busse xiii die Julii

De Laurencio Karver alienigena pro clxxviii libris stagnî

xliii s, iiii d.
De Willeimo Baron' indigena pro iii*^ pellibus cuniculorum

season xiii s. iiii d.

De Roberto Lyng indigena pro i fardello cum v*^ goodes

contonrusset £xii x s.

De Anthonîo Vivald' alienigena pro i bala cum xxviii kerseys

col[orat*] xviii kerseys alb' £xl

Et pro i bala cum vii^ goodes cotonrusset £xvii x s.

De Derik Johnson' alienigena [pro] i bog[eshede] cum xxxvi

dossenis librarum starche xviii s. iiii d.

De Harmanno Haresbek' alienigena pro ii pipis et i hog-

[eshede] cum xiiii*^ pellibus morkins £iiii xiii s. iiii d.

De Johanne Bremond' alienigena pro i basket continent' c et

di. [libras] vasorum electri xl s.

In navi Johannis Dyron
De eodem magistro alienigena pro c quarteriis framenti

£xxv
Et pro cxx quarteriis frumenti £xxx

De Johanne Ochoa alienigena pro i panno sine grano

£iij X s.
In navi Johannis Sanches xiiii die Junii

De Petro Vliona alienigena pro i kersey colforat') xx s.

De Bartholomeo Loml>Tie alienîgena pro xxxiii balis cum

xii^ xxxvili kerseys colforat'I xii kerseys alb' xlviii pannis

sine grano £m iiii*' xiiii

De Pelligro Doreo alienigena [pro] ii balis cum c kerseys

col[orat'J £c

592

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

De Petro Senturio alienigena pro ix balls cum uii^^xlvm

kerseys coI[orat*j et il kerseys alb' £llii^ xlix vi s. viud.
De Augustino Kessedo alienigena pro ii kerseys col[orat']

jds.
De Francisco Pausane alienigena pro u balis cum uii^xix

kerseys col[orat'l î kersey alb' £iiii**xix xiii s. iiii d.

De Guido Portimar' alienigena pro cxix kerseys col[orat'] i

kersey alb' £c xix xiii s. iiu d.

De Andrea Meran alienigena pro vi balls cum c xxxii kerseys

col[orat'] xvi pannis xvi virgis sine grano

£c iiii^x vi s, vilid.
De Vlncencio Franke alienigena pro iii balis cum cxxxv

kerseys colforat'] et iii kerseys alb' £c xixvu

De Fernando Dassa alienigena [pro] ii fardellis cum mî**zix

virgis skarlet vi kerseys col[orat'] viii pannis sine grano

£im"îiîxs.
De Francisco Justiman alienigena [pro] lil balls cum cxlvii

kerseys col[orat'J iii kerseys alb' £c xlix

De Dominico Soly alienigena pro vi balis cum oc Iv kerseys

col[orat'l XV kerseys alb' £cc bcv

De Anthonio Vivald' alienigena [pro] i bala cum iii pannis

sine grano xlviii kerseys col[orat'] £lvui x s.

De Johanne Aryn et Dente Lyon alienigenis pro viii balis

cum liii^^lxxU kerseys col[orat'l vui kerseys alb'

£iiii*^lxxvii vi s, \TÎîd.
Et pro i bala cum bodii kerseys col[orat'] £lxxili

De Dominico Loml^ne alienigena pro vli balis cum 111*" xlvi

kerseys colforat'] Iiii kerseys alb' £iii*^xl\dli xiii s. iiii d.
De Marco Rysse alienigena pro Hi balls cum clilH kerseys

col[orat'] ii pannis sine grano et xx virgis

£c IxiU xviii s. iiii d.
De Jacobo Pount alienigena [pro] ii balls cum 1 kerseys

col[orat'J ii kerseys alb' xi pannis viii virgis sine grano

£1111° li
In navi Thome Wright eodem die
De David Miller alienigena pro xli quarteriis malte xil lode

woode £m

THE SUBSIDIES

593

In navi Jacobi Cornel' xix die Junii

De Johanne Derikson alienigeoa pro ii parvis barellis cum

xxiii dossenis librarum starche viii flicches bakonis xxv s.
In navi Mîchaelis de la Lane xx die Junii

De Petro Amado alienigena pro lii'^Ix quart eriis frumenti

£iiii"x
In navi Johannis de Reaga eodem die
De Bartholomeo Lomelyne alienigena pro xvii balis cum viii*'

xlv kerseys col[orat *J v kerseys alb' £viii^xlvm vi s. vîiî d.
Et pro vii fardellis cum xlii pannis sine grano £c xlvii

Et pro ii barellis cum xx libris vasorum electri lîîi s. iiii d.
Et pro i dossena candelabrorum et dî. il basyns ill chauflSng

disshes xvi s. viii d.

De Marco Rysse alienigena pro iiii baiis cum cc kerseys

col[orat'I ' £cc

Et pro i barello cum xxx libris vasorum electri vi s. vdii d.
Et pro i dossena et di. latone candelabrorum x s.

De Fernando Dassa alienigena [pro] \'ii fardellis cum xxi

pannis sine grano £b:xiii x s.

De Bartholomeo Lomel>'Tie alienigena pro viii balis cum ivP

iiii"xvi kerseys colforat'] et li kerseys alb* £iii*' iiii** xviii
De Vincencio Franke alienigena [pro] i fardello cum i panno

VÎÎÎ virgis albo iiii virgis parmi sine grano i kersey alb*

£iii xviii s. iiii d.
Et pro i barello cum c libris vasorum electri xxvi s. viii d.
De Francisco Pausane alienigena [pro] iiii balis cum cc viii

kerseys col[orat'] £cc viii

De Petro Senturion alienigena pro v balis cum cxxxviii

kerseys coI[orat'] xii kerseys alb' ii pannis v virgis sine

grano xii virgis panni aibi £c liiii xv s.

Et pro iiii"x goodes cotonrusset xlv s.

De Andrea Meran alienigena pro iîî balis cum cxx kerseys

colforat'] £c xx

De Francisco Gmnbald* alienigena [pro] i bala cum xi pannis

xii virgis sine grano xii virgis panni albi £xU v s.

De Francisco Justiman alienigena [pro] iii balis cum cxlii

kerseys col[orat'| viii kerseys alb' £c xlvii vi s. viii d.

594 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Andrea Meran alienigena [pro] iii balis cum xzv pannis

sine grano £im" vii x s.

De Petro Senturion alienigena pro ii balis cum c kerseys

col[orat'] £c

De Jacobo de Ponte alienigena [pro] i bala cum liiii kerseys

col[orat'] i panno sine grano £lvii x s.

Et pro c goodes cotonrusset 1 s.

De Dominico Soly alienigena pro vi balis cc Ixvîîî kerseys

col[orat'] xii kerseys alb' £cc Ixxvi

De Dominico Lomeline alienigena [pro] xiii balis cum vi^xli

kerseys col[orat'] ix kerseys alb' £vi^xlvii

Et pro ii barellis cum ccc libris vasorum electri £m

De Vincencio Franke alienigena [pro] iii balis cum c xxv

kerseys col[orat'] ii kerseys alb' £c xxvi vi s. viii d.

De Petro Senturio alienigena pro i bala cum vi pannis sine

grano et xxxix kerseys col[orat'] £lx

In navi Nicholai le Fever eodem die
De Johanne Menagier alienigena [pro] iii bages cum iiii^ libris

Sherman flokkes xxvi s. viii d.

In navi Johannis Collyon xxiii die Jimii

De Petro Bosom alienigena pro v** viii^ libris cere £cxvi

De Johanne Bosom alienigena pro xv^ et di. cere £xxii

Hos quinque rotulos contrarotulamenti liberavit hie Johannes

Heron' per manus suas proprias xvi die Julii anno regni Regis

Henrici Octavi secundo et prestitit sacramentiun.

CHAPTER XIII

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDY ON WOOL, WOOLFELLS,
AND HIDES

No new duties are found in this chapter. We have simply a
recombination of the old.^ The importance of wool, woolfells,
and hides as exports jusdâed the officials in grouping together the
various revenues to be derived from them. Accordingly the
ancient custom of 1275, that part of the new custom of 1303
relating to these commodities, and the special subsidy on these
articles were formed into one distinct group and usually separately
accounted for,

§ 53. An acc&unt of the customs and subsidy on wool, wooljeih^

»and hides exported by aliens and denizens^ Lynn, 2g
September y ijSi — 28 September ^ 13S2,
The customs were the ancient custom of 1275 and that part of
the new custom of 1303 relating to wool, woolfells, and hides. The
subsidy was granted in 1380 ^ and again in 1381;' Denizens paid
50 s. per sack of wool or woolfells, 6 s. 8 d. as the ancient custom
of 1275 and 43 s* 4 d. as the subsidy. They were, of course, free
from the new custom of 1303, Aliens paid 6 s. 8 d. as the ancient
custom of 1275, 3 s. 4 d. as the new custom of 1303, and 43 s. 4 d.
I as subsidy on each sack of wool or woolfells, in all 53 s. 4 d. It is
■interesting to note that aliens since 1368 paid the new custom on
the sack of 240 woolfells,* while originally in 1303 they paid the
same sum on the sack of 300 woolfells.^ Besides the above-
mentioned customs we find the returns from the cocket at 2 d.
from each merchant shipper and Calais money at 19 d. for every
sack of w^ool or woolfells sent out of England to any place abroad
other than to the Staple at Calais. This Calais money obviously
was a slight discrimination in favor of the English staple.

» See above, pp, 73"77'

* RoluH Parlûîtfuntorumt iii, p, 90 b»

* Ibid,, pp. 104, 114,

505

* Ibid., ii. p. 395.

* See above, pp. 263, 566,

596

THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

The total number of shipments during the year is found to be
44, of which 36 were alien and 8 denizen. All of the 44 went to
Calais except 15 belonging to aliens, which were sent elsewhere in
accordance with the special permission of the kiag.

Particule compoti Thome Drewe et Johannis dc Grantham
coUectorum custum[animl et subs[idiij domini regis in portu \il]e
de Lenna videlicet de exitîbus lanarum coriorum et pellium
lanutarum a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno regni Regis
Ricardi Secundi post Conquestum quinto usque ad idem festum
proximo sequens per visum et testimonium Thome Morton'
contrarotulatoris earundem custum[arum] et subsfidii] regis
ibidem,*

In navi Elie Colynesson' vocata Gowte de Cîr>xe exeunte xx

die Octobris anno regni Regis Ricardi quinto

De Nicholao Benne mercatore indigena pro vii saccis iv

clavis lan|arum] in iiii sarplaribus cust. £xviii iiii s. v d. q.

De Dederico de Gouthe alienigena pro v saccis di. ix clavis

lanarum in iii sarplaribus cust. £xv iî s. vii d.

De eodem Dederico alienigena pro c xlvi pellibus lanutis in i

fardello cust, xxxii s. v d, ob. q.

De Simone Amaldesson' alienigena pro ccccLx pellibus

lanutis in i fardello cust. cii s, ii d, ob. q.

Summa:^ lanarum indigenarum patet cust. patet

lanarum alienigenarum patet cust. patet

peUium lanutarum alienigenarum dcW

cust. £vi xiiii s. viiî d. ob,

exituum sigilli iii mercatomm \i A

In navi Wîllelmî Heynesson' vocata Se>iite Marishipp' dc

Middelbourgh* exeunte v die Novembris anno supradicto

De Willelmo de Heworth* mercatore indigena pro xix sacds

di, V clavis di, lanarum in x sarplaribus

cust. £xlix iii d. ob. q.

De Tidemanno Jonesson* alienigena pro vi saccis xi clavis

lanarum in iii sarplaribus cust. £xvi xi s, iii d. ob.

1 MS., R. O., K, R, Customs, t^/t.

> The word probata precedes summa throughout this account.

CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDY ON WOOL, ETC.

597

Suinma r lanarum indigenarum patet
lanamm alienigenarnm patet
exityum sigilli ii mercatonim iiii d.

In navi Johannîs Bowdewynesson' vocata Se>Tite Maryschipp*
de Fliss>Tigg' exennte xxi die Novembris anno supradicto
De Willelmo de Heworth' mercatore indigena pro viii saccis
XV clavis lanamm in iii sarplaribus ii pokes

cust. £xx xiiii s. v d. q.

De Henrico Assheby mercatore indigena pro viii saccis ii

clavis lanarum in liii sarplaribus cnst, £xx xxiîî d. q.

Summa: lanarum indigenarum xvi sacci xvii clavi

cust. £xl xvi s. iiii d. ob.

exituum sigilli ii mercatonim iiii d.

In navi Francissi Heynesson* vocata Crucebergh de Flordyngg'

exeunte xxii die Marcii anno supradicto

De Simone Amaldesson' mercatore alienigena pro îîîî saccis

di. lanarum in ii sarplaribus cust. £xii

De eodem Simone alienigena pro Miili'^xvi pellibus lanutis

in iii fardellis i pynnok' cust. £xii iii s. vi d. ob, q.

De Willelmo Patjumakere alienigena pro ccclxii pellibus

lanutis in i fardello cust. £iiii v d. ob.

De Willelmo Sk^nere alienigena pro cccc iiii" vii pellibus

lanutis in ii fardellis cust. c viii s. iii d.

De Johanne Falgate mercatore indigena pro dcc xxi pellibus

lanutis in ii fardellis cust. £vii x s. ii d. ob.

Summa r lanarum alienigenarum patet cust. patet

pellium lanutarum alienigenarum iiix^^xlv

cust. £xxi xii s. iii d. q.
pellium lanutarum indigenarum patet

cust. patet

exituum sigilli iiii mercatonun viii d.

In navi Jacobi Hughesson^ vocata Mariknyght* de Durdreght*

exeunte xi die Aprilis anno supradicto

De Johanne Heuerman mercatore alienigena pro mm iiu"x

pellibus lanutis in vi fardellis cust. £xxiii iiii s. v d. ob.

De Gerardo Skilbergh* alienigena pro MCC ix pellibus lanutis

in iii fardellis cust, £xiii viii s. viii d. ob.

598 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Thoma Tilbergh' alienigena pro cc badiii pellibus lanutis

in i fardello cust. Ix s. xi d.

Summa: lanarum alienigenarum nee indigenarum nM

pelliiim lanutarum alienigenarum mmmd bmii

cust. £zxxix xiiii s. i d.

exituum sigilli iii mercatorum vi d.

In navi Petri Crane vocata Skonkewjm de Durdreight' ezeunte

ix die Maii anno supradicto

De Willelmo Heworth' mercatore indigena pro iiii sacds

lanarum in ii sarplaribus cust. £x

De Nicholao Benne indigena pro viii sacds di. iiii clavis

lanarum in iiii sarplaribus cust. £xxi viii s. x d. q.

De Dederico Gouthe alienigena pro xii sacds di. xxiiii clavis

lanarum in vi sarplaribus cust. £xxxiiii xi s. iii d. ob.

De Willelmo Beuer alienigena pro vi sacds xviii clavis

lanarum in iii sarplaribus cust. £xvi xviii s. v d. ob. q.

De Petro Jonesson' alienigena pro ii saccis xiii clavis lanarum

in i sarplari cust. £vi

De eodem Petro mercatore alienigena pro dccc xxxii pellibus

lanutis in iii fardellis cust. £ix iiii s. xi d.

De Henrico van Isle mercatore alienigena pro di. sacco xii

clavis lanar[um] in i poke cust. xxxix s.

Summa: lanarum indigenarum xii sacci di. iiii clavi

cust. £xxxi viii s. x d. q.

lanarum alienigenarum xxii sacci xv clavi

cust. £lix viii s. ix d. q.

pellium lanutarum alienigenarum patet

exituum sigilli vi mercatorum xii d.

In navi Amaldi Syis vocata Seynte Maryshipp' de Flordyng*

exeunte xix die Junii anno supradicto
De Willelmo Heworth' mercatore indigena pro v saccis di. ii

ckvis lanarum in iii sarplaribus cust. £xiii xvi s. xi d. q.
De Hermanno Walekesson' alienigena pro mxxxv pellibus

lanutis in iii fardellis cust. £xi x s.

De Jobrand Lakeman alienigena pro Miui"*xiii pellibus

lanutis in iii fardellis cust. £xii ii s. x d. ob. q.

CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDY ON WOOL, ETC.

599

De Jacobo Clayesson* alienigena pro ccc Ivi pellibus lanutis
in Î fardello cust. Ixxix s. i d. ob, q*

Summa: lanarum indigenarum patet

pellium lanutamm alienîgenanim mmccccuÎî*»

iîii cust. £xxv^ii xii s. ob.

exituum sigilli iiii mercatonim viii d.

In navn Johannis Ameronge* vocata Chris to fore de Durdreght*

exeunte xxi die Junii anno supradicto

De Dederico de Lenten mercatore alienigena pro v saccis di*

vii clavis lananim in iii sarplaribus cust. £xv vi d. q.

De Petto Jonesson' mercatore alienigena pro cccc iiii^^xiii

pellibus lanutis in ii fardelHs cust. c ix s. vi d, ob. q.

Snmma: lananim alien igenanim patet cast, patet

pellium lanutarum aiienigenanim patet

cust, patet

exituum sigilli ii mercatorum iiii d.

In navi Henrici Mows vocata Godbirade de Durdreght* exeunte

xvii die Julii anno regni regis predicti sexto

De WiUelmo Beuer mercatore alienigena pro vii saccis di. xv

clavis lanarum in iiii sarplaribus i poke

cust, £xx XV s, iiii d. ob. q.*

De eodem Willelmo alienigena pro cccc xxiii pellibus lanutis

in ii fardellis i p>Tinok' cust. £iiii xiiii s.

De Lamberto Dowde alienigena pro xiiii clavis Ianar[um] in i

pokett[a| cust. xiiii s, iiii d. ob.

De eodem Lamberto alienigena pro cc Ixiiii pellibus lanutis in

i fardello cust. Iviii s. viii d. ob.

De Gerardo Skilbergh* alienigena pro ccc x pellibus lanutis in

ii fardellis cust. brv'iii s. xi d.

De Jacobo MiUere alienigena pro d xxvm pellibus lanutis in ii

fardellis cust. c rvii s. iiii d.

De Hugone Smale alienigena pro xxxv pellibus lanutis in i

pynnok' cust. vii s. ix d. ob.

De Godefrido Petresson' et Johanne Sture alienigenis pro

CCC Ivi pellibus lanutis in ii fardellis cust. Ixxix s, î d. ob.

' Brackeled in the margin opposite tttb aod tbe followmg entries of the shipment:
per breve regis patetis dalum ixvi die Maii anno v prcdictb collectoribus directum.

6oO THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Willelmo Skrinere alienigena pro vi clavis lanar[um] in i

poke cust. vi s. ii d.

De eodem Willelmo alienigena pro cc xiii peUibus lanutis in i

fardello i pynnok' cust. xlvii s. iiii d.

De Tboma Tilbergh' alienigena pro Mcxii pellibus lanutis in

iii fardellis cust. £xii vii s. i d. ob.

Summa: lanarum alienigenarum viii sacd iz davi

cust. £xxi XV s. xi d. q.
pellium lanutarum alienigenarum mmmcc zli
que fadimt xiii saccos di. i pellem

cust. £xxxvi iiii d. ob.

denaria [sic] Calesie xxxiiii s. ix d. ob.

exituum sigilli ix mercatorum xviii d.

In navi Johannis Mewesson' vocata Holigost de Flordyngg*

exeimte xix die Augusti anno supradicto

De Dederico Lenten alienigena pro iii sacds di. iii clavis

lanarum in ii sarplaribus cust. £ix ix s. ix d.^

De eodem Dederico pro cc ii pellibus lanutis in i fardello

cust. xliiii s. xi d.

De Gisbright' Danyellesson' alienigena pro i sacco lanar[um]

in ii pokes cust. Iiii s. iiii d.

De Johanne Bomhulle alienigena pro c iiii" vii pellibus

lanutis in i fardello cust. xli s. vii d.

De Thoma Tilbergh' alienigena pro dccc Iiii pellibus lanutis

in iii fardellis cust. £ix ix s. vi d. ob. q.

Summa: lanarum alienigenarum iiii sacd di. iii clavi

cust. £xii iii s. i d.
pellium lanutarum alienigenarum mcc xiii que
faciunt v saccos di. qr. et xii pelles

cust. £xiii xvi s. ob. q.
denariorum Calesie xv s. x d.

exituum sigilli iiii mercatorum viii d.

Summa totalis istius rotuli:

lanarum indigenarum ^ Ixi sacci i qr. iiii davi
di., custumarum et subsidii £cliii vis. xid.
videlicet de quolibet sacco 1 s.
^ See note i, page 599. ' Lane et pelles transducte ad stapulum Caksîe.

CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDY ON^ WOOL, ETC, 6oi

pellium îndigenarum * Dccxîd, custumaruin et
subsidii £vii xs, iid. ob. videlicet de qui-
biîslibet ccxl pellibus I s.
lanarum alienigenamm * xliui sacci xvi clavi,
custumarum et subsidii £cxviii iiis. iid.
\'idelicet de quolibet sacco lîii s, îiii d.
pellium alienîgenarum * ix^'DCCCCxmiî, cus-
tumarum et subsidii £c x vîi s. vîî d. videlicet
de quibuslibet ccxl pellibus lîîî s, iîii d.
lanarum alienigenarum^* xii saccî di. xii clavî,
custumarum et subsidii £xxxiiî xix s. q. vide-
licet de quolibet sacco liiî s. iiii d.
pellium alienigenarum* M3CMMCCCciiii**iii, cus-
tumarum et subsidii £xlix xvi s. iiiid. ob. q.
videlicet de quibuslibet ce xl pellibus Iiii s,
iiid.

deneriorum Calesîe provenientium tam de
predictis xii saccis di. xii clavis quam de
MMMMCCCciiii^iii pellibus que faciunt xviii
saccos iii qr. 1 s. vii d, ob. videlicet de quolibet
sacco xix d.

exituum sigillî quod dicîtur cokettum pro-
venientium de xxxix mercatoribus vis. vid,
videlicet de quolibet mercatore ii d.
Summa totalis recepte denariorum £cccc Ixxvi v d*

5 54- An account of the customs and subsidy on wool^ woaljells^
and hides exported by aliens and denizens^ Loftdon, 2Ç
September y 1462 — /5 July, 146 j.

The various duties (on wool) may best be expressed in tabular
form. (See next page.)

Thus it is evident that wool exports were put into three
classes according to destination : to Calais, to the Mediterranean
(through the Straits of Morocco), or elsewhere abroad, pref-
erential rates being given to denizens when they exported to

^ Lttne et pdles transducte ad stapulum Calesle,

■ Lane et pelles transducte ad partes esteras quo sibi placuerit.

602 • THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Wool Dutic* (p^iS) tpsSk)

1. Ancient custom of 1275 6«. 8d. 6 s. 8d.

2. New custom of 1303 none 3 s. 4 d.

3. Subsidy of 1453 (?)*

On wool going to Calais or Mediterranean . 33 s. 4 d.* xoo s.

On wool going elsewhere abroad 100 s.* 100 s.

4. Calais due on wool not going to Calais ... 8 d. 8 d.

Calais or to the Mediterranean, and to denizens and aliens,
through the remission of the Calais due, when they exported to
Calais.

There were apparently nearly 100 merchants exporting wool
from London during the period. These were chiefly merchants of
the Staple. King Edward IV, however, exported by means of
factors almost as much wool as all the merchants of the Stapk
combined, for the period and the port in question.

Particule compoti Johannis Smyth' et Thome Thomdon' nupcr
coUectorum custumarum et subsidii domini regis lanarum cori-
orum et pallium lanutarum in portu dvitatis Londonie et in
singulis portubus et lods eidem portui adiacentibus ... a festo
Sancti Michaelis dicto anno secundo regis huius ante quod festum
iidem Johannes et Thomas alias inde computarunt rotulo com-
potorum de aniiqua cusiuma usque xvi diem Julii anno eiusdem
domini regis nunc secundo scilicet per tria quarteria anni et iviî
dies per visum et testimonium Willelmi Baron' et Thome Strat-
ton' nuper seperatim contrarotulatorum huius custumar[um] et
subs[idii] domini regis ibidem per idem tempus a quo quidem xvi
die Julii anno tercio dicti regis nunc Johannes Pontrell'et Robcr-
tus Rufford nunc collectores huius custiun[arum] et subsid(n]
domini regis ibidem per visum et testimonimn Roberti Tanfdd'
nunc contrarotulatoris huius custum[arum] et subs[idii] domini
regis ibidem sunt inde computaturi.*

' Rotuli Parliamentorum^ v, p. 229 (31 Henry VI). This subsidy seems to hive
been in force until at least 1464. Ihid,^ p. 510 b.

' The rate specified in the grant is 43s. 4d. but los. were deducted in the cutof
denizen merchants exporting to Calais or the Mediterranean. Ihii.^ PP- ^^
(1453), 257a (1454).

' If the wool was not sent to Calais, then denizens paid aliens* duties. Ikii^^t
(1442). < MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 73/55-

CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDY ON WOOL, ETC.

In navi Thome Andrew vocata Trinité de Londonia exeimte
cum pellibus versus Calesiam ii die Octobris anno regni
Regis Edwardi Quarti secundo
De WîUelmo Haddon' indigena iiii** pellium lanutamm in x
flardeliisl facientium xvi saccos di. xl pelles cust. cxi s. id.
ob- et sub, £xxvii xv s, \â d. ob, q.
In navi Johannis Samuell' vocata Trinité de Londonia exeunte
cum pellibus versus Calesiam eodem die
De WiJlelmo Haddon* indigena x** v*^ pelles lanute in xxvi
fardellis facientes xliii saccos iii quarteria cust, Xxîîîi xi s.
viîi d. sub. £lxxii xviii s. iiii d.
Summa huîus partis:

Pellium lanutarum mercatorum Sodetatîs
Stapule Calesîe xiiii^D pelles faciejites \x
saccos c pelles cust. £xx ii s. Lx d. ob. sub. £c
xiii s. X d, ob. q. Exitus coketti provenientis
de ii mercatoribus iiii d.
Summa huius partis £cxx xvii s, q.
In navi Willelmi Pop ley vocata Chris tofer* de Sandewico
exeunte cum lana et pellibus versus Calesiam xxdîi die
Octobris eodem anno
De Johamie Stratton' indigena ss. xiiii,^ ss. xviii, ss. x, ss. xii,
ss. viiî, ss. xviii, ss. x, ss. x, ss. iî, ss. x, summa xxii sacci
viîi clavi lane in x sanrplaribus cust. £vii\'iis. viii d. q. sub.
£xxxvi xviii s. vd, ob.
De Johanne Parkor indigena ss. ii, ss. vî, ss. x, summa vi
sacci xviii clavi lane in îiî sarrplaribus cust. xlîîs. iiid.
ob- q. sub. £x xî s, vi d. q.
De eodem Johanne indigena iii" vi*^ pelles lanute in ix

fardellis facientes xv saccos cust. c s. sub. £xxv.
De Johanne Fenne indigena M viii^ pelles lanute in iiii

fardellis facientes vîî saccos di. cust. 1 s. sub. £xii x s.
De Thoma Vuton indigena m iiii" pelles lanute in ii far-
dellis facientes iiii saccos di. cust. xxx s. sub. £vii x s.

' Tbe ss. are for sacti. The Roman oumerab following indicate the number of
chvi beyond the sacci, Eacb expression, such as ss. wiii, stands for one sorphrt.
The formula is i sar plate = z s oui -f- so many cUvf.

6o4

TEE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi Johannis Raulet vocata Nicholas de Calesia exetmte
cum coriis versus partes exterriores xxix die Octobris
eodem anno
De Willelmo Nevile Comité Kancie indigena cccc viii coria
in iiii fardellis facientia ii lastas viii coria cust. xl s. ix d.
ob. sub. £x xvii s. viii d. ob. den. ii s. \'iii d.
In navi Jacoby Peterson* vocata Christofer' de Flysshingge
exeunte cum lana versus Sandewicum et ibi ad recar-
candum ( ?) in galea Thomasjm' Patron' xxiiii die Maii
eodem anno
De Edwardo Rege Anglie per Johannem Godfrey alienige-
nam s, iii/ di, xxv, s. vii, s. vii, s. iiii, s.vii, s. vii» s.v, s. vii,
s. v, XVÎ, s. viî, s. vii, s. v, summa xiiii sacci di. viii davi
lane in xiiii pokis cust. £vi vi s. vi d. ob. sub. £badii vs, ^
iiii d. den. ix s. L\ d. ob. fl

In navi Thome Wade vocata James de Londonia exeunte cum
coriis versus Calesiam xxviii die Maii anno regis predîctî
terdo
De Johanne Rede factorem [sic] Comitis Kancie indigena
CGC xl coria facientia i lastam di. xl coria cust. xxii s* viii d.
sub. £viii X s. ^

Summa utriusque partis; ' H

Lanarum Domini Regis Edwardi per Johannem Godfray
alienigenam clviii sacci di. vii cla\'i cust. £bDQX vi s. iiU d, q,
sub. £dcc iiii^xiii iii s. iiii d, q. den. Calesie c v s. ix d. ob. q.

Coriorum Comitis Kancie per Johannem Rede factorem
suum indigenam ccc xl coria facientia i lastam di. xl coria cust
xxii s. viii d. sub. £viii x s.

Exitus sigilli quod dicitur cokettum provenientis de predîcto
mercatore extraneo trina vice vi d.

Summa £dccc iiii** vii viii s. viii d. q.
[Summa:]

* The s. is for saccus. Eaci espressioti, such as s. iii, stands for one p<fka. The
equation is i poka * i sacats + so many davi. In two cases the poka cootains less
than a salens: di. xxv {dimidius saccus -h xxv davi) and xv4 (xvi davi only),

^ Preceding this is the following: £4atninat'l cum rotutis contrarotulameati
Wtllelmi Baron' et Thome Strctton' contrarotulatomm ibidem.

CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDY ON WOOL, ETC.

605

»
»

Lanarum marcatomm de Societate Stapule Calesie indî-
genanim 3Ddx sacci iii quarteria xi clavi cust. £ix xix s. ix d. sub.
£xlix x\Tii s. vîiî d. ob.

Pellium lanutarum consimilium marcatorum indigenanim
MMCC pelles facientes ix saccos xl pelks cust. Ixi s. id. ob. sub.
£xv V s, VÎ d. ob. q.

Lanamm marcatorum de Sodetate Stapule Calesie indi-
genanim de superonere cc iiii^ii sacci iii quarteria cust. £iiii^
xiiii V s. iiii d. q. sub. £cccc Ixxi v s. î d.

Pellium lanutarum consimilium mercatorum indigenarum de
superonere c lx\''ii*' îîîî'^ iiii" vi pelles facientes dc iiii" xvii saccos
iii quarteria xxvi pelles cust* £cc xxxii xii s. viii d. ob. q. sub. £mc
bdii ii s. iii d.

Lanarum Edwardi Regis Anglie per Henricum de Monte
mercatorem de Lfguria attomatum suum versus partes Italie per
Strictus de Marrok' traductarum ix sacci di.

cust. sub. den. £lii xi s, iiii d, exitus coketti ii d,

Lanarum Hugonis Wyche indigene versus partes predictas
traductarum xxii sacci xiii clavi cust. £xi ii s. vi d. sub. £c xi v s.
den, xiiii s. x d. exitus coketti ii d.

Lanarum Edwardi Regis Anglie per Jacobum de Sanderico
alienigenam versus partes exteras traductarum iiii" iiii sacci ii
clavi cust. sub. den. £iiii'^ Ixv iii d. exitus coketti ii d.

Lanarum Edwardi Regis Anglie per Johannem Godfrey
alienigenam attomatum suum versus partes exteras traductarum
c Iviii sacci di. vii clavi cust. sub. £dccc Ixxii ix s. viii d. ob. den.
c v s» ix d. ob. q. exitus coketti ii d,

Exitus coketti provenientes de iiii^Lx mercatoribus xiiii s. x d.

Coriorum Willekni Neuylle Comitis Kancie versus partes
exteras traductorum cccc viii coria facientia ii lastas viii coria
cust. xl s, ix d. ob. sub. £x xvii s. viii d. ob. den, Calesie ii s.
viii d, ob. q. exitus [coketti] ii d.

Coriorum Willelmi Neuylle Comitis Kancie per Johannem
Rede attomatum suum versus Stapulam Calesie traductorum
ccc xl coria facientia i lastam di. xl coria cust. xxii s. viiid. sub.
£viii X s.

Summa totalis recepte £mmmb iiii"i ix s. vi d. ob. q.

CHAPTER XIV

THE CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON ALL GOODS EXCEPT WOOL,
WOOLFELLS. AND HIDES

The custom was the petty custom/ itself an amalgamation of the
new custom of 1303 (except wool, woolfells, hideSi and wine) and
the cloth custom of 1347. The subsidy was tunnage and pound-
age, generally granted together as one subsidy.* Thus the full
designation would be ** the petty custom and the subsidy of
tunnage and poundage on all goods except wool, woolfells^ and
hides.''

§ 55. An account of the custom and subsidy on all goads ^ exapt
wool, woolfells, and hides ^ exported or imported by dettizens
and Hanseatic merchants or oilier aliens, Lynn, 2 NavettAer,

1466 — J November, 1467,

The heading of this account indicates that the ancient and new
customs on wool, woolfells, and bides, the petty custom, the
subsidy on wool, woolfells, and hides, and the subsidy of timnage
and poundage are all included in the account. If such were
actually the case, this document would belong to the next chapter.
In reality, however, no wool, woolfells, or hides are recorded.
The subsidy in the document was the tunnage of 3 s. per tun of
wine imported and the poundage of 12 d, per pound value of
goods exported or imported by aliens or denizens.

The usual importations of timber, iron^ onions, garlic, pitcb,
tar, oil, woad, and wax are found. An exceptionally large variet}^
of fish, even for these documents, occurs here. Among the other
interesting commodities were paving tile, glass, mead, trane,
blubber, trenchers, shuttles(?), scythes, cruses, straw hats, and
paper. One lot of paper, 80 reams, is called *' spendable,*' in
Latin spendabilisy wrapping or rough paper probably in contrast

1 Sec above» p, 75-

• See above, p. 515

606

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

607

to writmg paper. The people of the Lynn district exchanged for
all these imports chiefly cloth (short cloth without grain, worsted,
and Welsh frieze) and com of various kinds. Cony and Iamb skins,
rape oil, ashes, and blubber (perhaps imported), conslituted the
chief other commodities exported, along with such manufactured
wares as coverlets, beer, and neats' horns.

^The total number of shipments is 12O1 distributed as foDows:
Alt

Denizens * 71

Hanse merchants , la

Other alien merchants 37

Although the denizens accounted for a larger number of ship-
ments than the aliens, their goods did not prove so valuable.
Partnership among all three classes above-mentioned is found*
In one case we meet with a London citizen, John Blaunche,
importing wine into L>7in, an instance indicative of the growing
tendency of London to do the foreign trading for other English
ports,

■^ Particule compoti Johann is Pelly et Rogeri Sambroke col-
lectorum custumfarum) et subs[idii] domini regis lane coriorum

■ et pellium lanutarum ac parve custume necnon subsidii tonagii et
pondagii in portu ville de Lenna Episcopi et in singulis portubus
et locis eidem portui adiacentibus tam per tria brevia domini regis
nunc Edward i iiii de magno sigillo suo patentia data xii die
Novembris anno regnl sui iiii prefato Johanni Pelly inde directa
et penes îpsum remanentia quam per tria alia brevia eiusdem
reps nunc de dicto magno sigillo patentia data xiii die Marcii
anno regni sui sexto prefato Rogero Sambroke inde directa et
penes ipsum remanentia videlicet de huius cnstum[is] et sub&[idiis]
regis ibidem a secundo die Novembris anno sexto dicti regis nunc
ante quern diem prefati Johannes Pelly et Rogerus Sambroke
coUectores custumlarumj et subs[idionim] regis ibidem inde com*
putarunt rotulo compotorum de custum[is] usque secundum
diem Novembris tunc proximo sequentem scilicet per unum
annum integrum per visum et testimonium Johannis Wykes
armigeri con traro tula torts regis ibidem per idem tempus a quo
quidem secundo die Novembris anno septimo dicti regis nunc

6o8

TBE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

prefatî Johannes Pelly et Rogerus Sambroke coUectores regis

ibidem per visum et testimonium contrarotulatoris predicti sunt

alias inde computaturi,^

De navi Cone Yanson' intrante x die Novembris anno vi regni

Regis Edwardi iiii

De eodem magistro alienigena pro xii aumes vini de Reni[shj

vaL £xvi
item pro iii last is picis et tarre val. Ix s.
item pro ccc weynscotts vaL be s.
item pro c orys vaL xx s.
item pro mm pavjTigtyle vaL xx s,
item pro i maunde cum pnise platers val. vi s. viii d.
item pro di. lasta full' herynge vaL xl s.
item pro di. lasta sliot>Ti' herynge vaL xxx s.
item pro i lasta makerelle vaL xxiii s. iiii d.
item pro v barellis saltfissh* vaL xvi s. viii d.

[Summa vaL] £xxix xvi s. viii d. cust vii s, v d, ob. sub,
XXÎXS. xd.
In navi Ryer Gylesson^ exeunte xi die Novembris

De Johanne Banke indigena pro xxxvi pamiis curtis sine
grano in iii fardellis cust. xlii s.

In navi Johannjs Ree exeimte viii die Decembris

De Simone Baxster indigena pro xxx quarteriis brasii vaL £v
item pro ilii^x quarteriis ordei val. £xiiii
[Summa vaL] £xix sub, xix s.
In navi Thome Kenston* exeunte xii die Decembris
De eodem magistro indigena pro v*^ quarteriis ordei vaL £i
item pro Ix quarteriis avenarfum] vaL xl s.
[Summa vaL] £xii sub. xii s.
De navi Thome Johnson' intrante xvii die Januarii
De Johanne Gaunse indigena pro viii** /erri vaL £xîî
item pro ï lasta picis val. xxvi s. viii d.
item pro xi aumes vini de Renish vaL £xiiii jdii s. iiii d.

[Summa vaL] £xxviii sub. xxviii s.
De Roberto Pilly indigena pro i lasta full' herynge val. £iiii

sub* îîîi 5*

1 US., R, 0., K, R, Customs. 97/8.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

De Galfrido Draper indigena pro di. lasta fulF herynge val.
xl s, sub* ii s.

De navi Alani Dompson' mtrante eodem die
De Johamie Gaunse indigena pro Ix barellis onyons val.

XIV s.
item pro î lasta full' herynge val, £iiiî
item pro îiiî" remys paupiri spendabilis vaL xl s.

[Summa val.] £vii v s. sub. vii s. iii d.
De Thoma Johnson' alienigena pro i lasta full' herynge val.

£iiii
item pro i lasta shotyn' herynge vaL £iii
item pro c piscibus saisis vai xiiii s.

[Summa vaL] £vij xiiii s. cust. xxiii d. q. sub. vii s.
VMÎ d. ob.
De navi Cone Yanson* exeunte xxvii die Januarii

De eodem magistro alienigena pro Ix quarteriis fnimenti val.

£xiiii
item pro be quarteriis ordeî val. £vii
item pro c quarteriis avenarum vaL £vîî
item pro Ix quarteriis siliginis vaL £viii

fSumma vaL] £xxxvi cust. ix s. sub. xxxvi s.
In navi Jacobi de Camfer intrante apud Bumeham xxvîîî die
Januarii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro iiii lastis fulV herynge vaL

£xvi
item pro iiii barellis avelanarum vaL xiii s. iiii d.
item pro di. c weynscotts vaL xiii s. iiii d.
item pro x barellis onyons val. viii s.
item pro iii lastis sbot>^' herjmge vaL £ix

[Summa vaL] £xxvi xuii s. viii d. cust* vi s. viii d. ob.
sub, xxvi s. ix d.
In navi Alani Dompson' exeunte ultimo die Januarii
De Thoma Johnson' alienigena pro c quarteriis avenarum
vaL £viii cust. ii s. sub. viii s.

De navi Lucas Laurenson' intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro i lasta full* herynge vaL

£iiij

6lO THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

item pro i lasta shotyn' herynge val. 1 s.
item pro c weynscotts val. xxvi s. viii d.
item pro xii barellis avelanarum val. xl s.
item pro iiii barellis osmondi val. xx s.

[Summa vaL] £x xvi s. viii d. cust. ii s. viii d. ob. sub.
X s. X d.
De navi Comelii Johnson' intrante ix die Februarii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro i lasta full' herynge val.

£iiii
item pro i lasta shotyn' heryng val. £iii
item pro vi*^ weynscotts val. £viii
item pro ii lastis makerelle val. xlvi s. viii d.

[Summa val.] £xvii vis. viiid. cust. iiiis. iiiid. sub.
' xvii s. iiii d.
De navi Scrybe Bartramson' intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro m saltfissh' val. £vi xiii s.

iiiid.
item pro v lastis picis et tarre val. £v
item pro ii lastis houndestones val. £iiii
item pro i lasta shotyn' heryng val. £iii
item pro iii pipis vynegre val. xl s.

[Summa val.] £xx xiii s. iiii d. cust. v s. ii d. sub. xx s.
viiid.
In navi Thome Johnson' exeunte x die Februarii
De Johanna Boston' indigena pro xxx quarteriis siliginis val.

Ixs.
item pro dc pellibus cuniculorum val. xxx s.
[Summa val.] £iiii x s. sub. iiii s. vi d.
De navi Jacobi Euerard exeunte xi die Februarii
De Anthonio Nicholas alienigena pro m pavyngtyle val. x s.
item pro ii barellis ra|>e oyle val. xxvi s. viii d.
item pro i barello elys val. xx s.
item pro i laste aysshes val. xx s.

[Summa val.] Ixxvi s. viii d. cust. xi d. ob. sub. iii s. x d.
De Roberto Flynte indigena pro di. lasta full' herynge val.

xls.
item pro di. lasta shotyn' herynge val. xxx s.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

6ll

item pro di. lasta osmondi val, xxxiii s. iiii d.
[Summa vah] c iii s. iiii d. sub. v s. ii d.
De Willemo Wales indigena pro m pavyngtyle val. x s,
item pro î lasta fulF heryng vaL £mi
item pro i lasta shotjTi^ herynge vaL k s.
[Summa vaL] £vii x s. sub. vii s. vi d.
In navi Lucas Laurenson' exeunte xi die Februarii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro L\ quarteriis avenarum

val. £mi
item pro Lx quarteriis brasii val. £vDi

[Summa vaL] £xii cust. iii s. sub. xii s.
De navi Alexandri Blake in t ran te xvn die Februarii

De eodem magistro indigena pro i lasta et di, salmonis vaL
£ix sub. ix s.
In navi Jacobi Euerard exeunte secimdo die Marcîî

De Anthonio Nicholas alienigena pro Lx quarteriis avenarum
vaL £iiii cust, xii d. sub. iiii s.
De navî Willelmi Johnson' vocata Le Flours intrante vii die
Marcii
De Henrico Bermvugham Thoma Calbot Johanne Gaunse et
alUs mercatoribus indigenis pro iiii lastis stokfissh* de
lobbe et lynges vii last wynterfissh' et pro xx last titl>iiges
et cropl>Tiges vaL £iiii" sub. £iiii
De navi Thome Wadnowe intrante x die Marcii

De Johanne Gaunse indigena pro iiii" ferri val. £vi sub. vi s.
item pro iiii lastis picis et tarre val. c vi s. viii d.

sub. vs. iiiid,
item pro cc bowstaves val. £iiii sub. iiii s.

item pro iii pipis vini vocati ossey sub. iiii s. vi d.

item pro i buit€ vini vocati teyot sub. xviii d.

De Simone Burgh* indigena pro vi sortibus fructus vaL xs3i s.
item pro iiii lastis picis vaL c vi s. viii d.
item pro v doliis wadde vaL £x
item pro i dolio vinegre vaL xxvi s. viii d.
item pro i barello shetylles val. x s.

[Summa vaL] £xviii xiii s. iiii d. sub. xviii s. viii d.

6l2 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De navi Face Hewson' intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro c waynscotts val. xxvi s,

viîîd.
item pro D patenis wode val. v s.
item pro iii barellis mede val. xvi s. viii d.
item pro i pipa avelanarum val. vi s. viii d.
item pro iii pipis vinegre val. xl s.
item pro i barello samonis val. x s.

[Summa val.] c v s. cust. xvi d. sub. v s. iiii d.
De Johamie Gaunse indigena pro ii lastis osmondi val. £viii
item pro iiii lastis tarre val. c vi s. viii d.
item pro mm pavyngtile val. xx s.
item pro iii pipis vinegre val. xl s.
item pro ii barellis salmonis val. xx s.

[Summa val.] £xvii vi s. viii d. sub. xvii s. iiii d.
De navi Roberti Gregory intrante xiii die Mardi
De Johanne Gaunse indigena pro v doliis ferri val. £xv
item pro ii lastis osmondi val. £viii
item pro ii lastis full' heryng val. £viii
item pro i pakke lewent continent' xiiii° pruse canvas' val.

£viii
item pro xx sortibus fructus val. £v

item pro ii lastis houndestones alias vocat' milstones val.
£iiii
[Summa val.j £xlviii sub. xlviii s.
De Ricardo Hof t' indigena pro iii doliis olei val. £xv
item pro iii doliis ferri val. £ix

[Summa val.] £xxiiii sub. xxiiii s.
De navi Willelmi Jacobson' intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro ii lastis et di. shotyn'

herynge val. £vii x s.
item pro iiii^ saltfissh' val. Iiii s. iiii d.

[Summa val.] £x iii s. iiii d. cust. ii s. vi d. ob. sub. x s.
iid.
In navi Cornelii Johnson' exeimte xviii die Mardi
De eodem magistro alienigena pro 1 quarteriis mixtilionis val.
£viii vi s. viii d.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

613

item pro Ix quarteriis siliginis val. £viii
item pro Ix quarterns avenamm val. xl s.

[Summa valj £x\'iii vis. viii d. cust. iiiis. viid, sub*
x\'iii s, iiii d.
In navi Scribe Bartramson' intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro v"x quarteriis mîxtî-

lionis val. £xiii vi s. viii d.
item pro 1 quarteriis ordei val. £vîîi vi s. vîii d.

[Summa vaL] £xxî xiii s, îiîî d. cust. v s. v d. sub. xxî s.
vmd.

In navi vocata Mary de Lythe exeunte xxi die Marcîi
De Johanne Haliday seniore indigena pro iiii*^ quarteriis
brasîi vaL £xîiî vi s. vîii d. sub, xiii s. iiii d.
In navi Face Hewson' exeunte xx\''iiî die Marciî

De eodem magistro alienigena pro iîi" netes homys val, xx s.
item pro d pellibus cuniculorum val, xv s,
item pro vî coverletts val. xiii s. iiii d.
item pro x] quarteriis mixtilîonis val. £vi

[Summa val] £viii x\'iii s. iiii d, cust. ii s. iî d. ob. q. sub.
viii s. xid.
In navi Johannis Auereir exeunte xiiî die Aprilis

De Johanne Halyday seniore indigena pro iiii"' quarteriub
brasii val £xiii vi s. viii d. sub. xiii s. iiii d.
In navi Johannis Paten' exeunte xvii die Aprilis

De Willelmo Caws indigena pro c quarteriis brasii val. £xv
item pro v lastis bere val c s.
[Summa val] £xx sub. xx s.
De navi Thome Johnson* intrante eodem die

De Thoma Sutton' indigena pro v doliis wode val. £xv
item pro îi butts datys val £vii

De Roberto Pilly indigena pro mm pavyngtîle val. xx s.
item pro îi wawes vitri val xxx s,

[Summa val] £xxiiiî x s. sub. xxiiii s. vî d.
De na\i Rîcardi Yorke întrante primo die Maii

De Johanne Blaunche cîvi Londonie indigena pro iiîî doliis
vinî rubei sub. xii s.

De Willelmo Richardson' indigena pro x doliis vini sub. xxx s.

>I4 TEE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

De navi Ricardi Outelawe intrante eodem die

De Johanne Basse Ricardo Govwyn et Johanne Pilly
indigenis pro c doliis vini sub. £xv

In navi Thome Johnson' exeunte vii die Maii

De eodem magistro alienigena pro xl quarterns aveDaiom

val. lîiî s. îiiî d. eust. viii d. sub. iî s. \TiiiL

De Roberto Flynte indigeiia pro mmm peUibus omioiloniin

vaL £iiii x s. sub, iiii s. vi d.

De navi Willelmi Jacobson' exeunte eodem die

De eodem magistro alienigena pro xl quarterns avenanim

val. Iiii s, iiii d.
item pro xx quarteriîs sîliginis val. Iiii s. iiii d.

[Summa val.] c vi s. viii d» cust. xvi d. sub. v s. iiii d,
De navi Brant Otte de Hansa intrante xii die Maii
De Hennyng Euryng de Hansa pro xxiii pipis Hans* (?) wodc

val. £xxx
item pro i pakke lewent val £vi
item pro i lasta osmônée vaL £îiii
item pro c et di. Lymburgh' sait vaL £vîi
item pro ix*^ wa>Tiscotts val. £ix
item pro i barello sturgeon* val. xiii s. iiii d.
item pro î pakke lewent continent' CC ulnas val. £iiii
item pro i barello bristillfes] val. vi s. viii d.
item pro i Jasta stokfissh' val £x
item pro iiii barellis tarre val. vi s. viii d.
item pro \î barellis linî val. Ix s*
item pro ce pightel>Tiges val. xx\'i s. viii d.
item pro iii barellis hoppys val. vi s* \dii d.

[Summa val.] £lxxvi cust. xix s. sub. Ixxvî s.
In navi Alexandrî Blake exeunte xiii die Maii
De Simone Baxster indîgena pro c quarteriîs brasii val.

£xvîîî
item pro i lasta beere val. xx s*
[Summa val] £xix sub. xix s.
In na\â Roberti Irynge exeunte dicto xiii die Maii

De eodem magistro indigena pro vi pannis curtis sine grano
in i fardello cust. >iis.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTBER GOODS

item pro viii quarteriis brasîî vaJ. xxxii s» viii d,

sub. XÎX d. ob, q.
De Roberto Disburgh' indigena pro vii pannis curtis sine
grano in i fardello cust. viîî s. H d.

item pro x quarteriis brasii vaL xxx s.
item pro di. lasta farrine vaL xx s.

[Summa vaL] 1 s. sub. ii s. vi d.
De Galfrido Draper indigena pro iii pannis curtis sine grano

cust, iii s. vi d,
item pro vi quarteriis brasii et iii barellis farrine val. xx s.

sub. xii d.
De Willelmo Harder indigena pro v pannis curtis sine grano

cust. vs. X d.
item pro x quarteriis brasii val. xxx s. sub. xviii d.

De Thoma Calbot indigena pro xJ quarteriis brasii val. Ix s.
item pro i dussena coverletts vaL xx s.
[Summa val.J £iiii sub. iiii s.
In navi Brant Otte exeunte xxiiii die Maii
De Hemano Rynge Cristiano Questynburgh' Tidmano
Volant et Henrico Buryng' mercatoribus de Hansa proiiii"^
pannis curtis sine grano in vi fardellis vaL £c vi xiii s. iiii d.

cust. £iiii sub. c vi s. (viii d.]
item v^ goodes frise Wallie in dictis vi fardellis val £xx

cust. v s. sub. XX s.
Ill navi Kateryne Hast>Tiges exeunte vi die Junii
De Jacobo Hatvyle indigena pro c xl quarteriis brasii vaL £xx

sub. XX s.
item pro i panno curto sine grano cust. xiiii d.

De navi Nicholai Fletcher intrante xv die Junii
De Johanne Haliday seniore indigena pro xxix^ saltfissb^ vaL

£x
item pro i barello et di, saknonis vaL xv s,
item pro iiii barellis blobhyr^ vaL vi s. viii d.
item pro Ixxii ulnis teli linii vaL xxvi s. viii d.
[Summa vaL] £xii viii s. iiii d. sub. xii s. v d.
De navi Pauli Rode de Hansa intrante xvii die Junii
L De eodem magistro de Hansa pro xx^ weynscotts vaL £xx

6l6 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

item pro vi lastis clapholt val. £vi

[Summa val.] £xzvi cust. vi s. vi d. sub. xxvi[s.]
item pro xxiii delys val. vi s. viii d.
item pro iii scokkes vocat' grete trowes val. zz s.
item pro vi lastis pids et tarre val. £vi
item pro i lasta osmondi val. £iiii
item pro di. lasta loude iren' val. xl s.
item pro vii nests counters val. Ixx s.
item pro xxviii libris cere val. xx s.
item pro vi dussenis pruce purees val. xiii s. iiii d.

[Summa val.] £xviii x s. cust. iiii s. vii d. ob. sub.
xviii s. vi d.
De Matheo Fynkynbergh' de Hansa pro iiii lastis tarre val.

£iiii
item pro i lasta trane val. £vi
item pro iiii nest countours val. xl s.
item pro i lasta lini val. £vi
item pro i pakke gross' yeme val. 1 s.
item pro i pakke continent' xxvi^ et di. pruse canvas vaL

£vius.
item pro iii*^ bowstaves val. £lx x s.
item pro xii nest forcers val. xl s.
item pro ii cistis cimi xx scoktrenchours val. vi s. viii d.
item pro v lastis picis et tarre val. c s.

[Summa val.] £xxxvii viii s. viii d. cust. ix s. iiii d. ob.
sub. xxxvii s. v d. q.
In navi vocata Le Floure de Lenna exeunte xviii die Junii
De Thoma Norton' indigena pro cl quarteriis brasii val.
£xxiii vi s. viii d. sub. xxiii s. iiii d.

In navi Nicholai Fletcher exeunte xxii die Junii
De Thoma Watson' alienigena pro xl quarteriis ordei val.
£iiii cust. xii d. sub. iiii s.

De Johanne Haliday seniore indigena pro Ix quarteriis brasii
val. £ix sub. ixs.

De navi Alberti GloflFhamers intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro de Hansa pro ii cistis ciun xxiiii scok-
trenchours val. X s.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

617

item pro îî cîstis cum xx scoktrenchours vaK viii s. iiU d*
De Matheo Fynk>Tibergh' de Hansa pro i dsta cum xxî

dussenis bukfelles val. £iiu
item pro xxiiii parus dî. drotecarum et xii dussenis pruce

purses val, xl s.
item pro xi lastis picis et tarre vaL £xi
item pro iiii lastis aysshes vaL £iiii
item pro Lx nest countours vaL £iiîî x s*
item pro iii nest focers val. x s.
item pro xxx scoktrenchours val. viii s* iiii d,

[Summa vah] £xxvii vj s. viii d. cust. vi s. x d. sub,
xxvii s, iiiid.
item pro i lasta clapholt vai. xx s.
item pro xii*^ weynscotts vaL £xii
item pro î scok trowe vaL iii s. iiii d.
item pro ii scok bastes vaL x s,
item pro 1 dsta cum x scoktrenchours vaL iii s. îîiî d.

[Summa vaL] £xiii x\n s. vill d. cust. iii s. v d. ob. sub.
xiii s, X d.
De navi Thome Johnson intrante secundo die Julii

De Edwardo Westhorpe îndigena pro iiii lastis et di. pîcîs et

bituminis vaL £vi
item pro iiii'* ferri £xii

[Summa val.] £x\iii sub. xviii s.
De Lutkyn' Martyn' de Hansa pro viii barelHs trane vaL lx s.

cust. ix d. sub, iii s.
De Johanne Gauns indigena pro iiii lastis et dî. picis et

bituminis vaL £vi
item pro uno maunde cum xv dussenis splet' hatts val.

viii s. iiii d.
item pro vi balis flax' vaL viii s. iiii d.
item pro xii sheff* sithes vaL lx s.
item pro xxxii dussenis strawe hatts vaL xvi s.

[Summa vaL] £x xii s. viii d. sub, x s, vii d. ob.
De navi Pauli Rode exeunte tercio die Julii
De eodem magistro de Hansa pro c quarterns brasii val. £xx

cust. v s, sub» XX s.

6l8 THE EARLY ESGUSH CUSTOMS

item pro x pannis curtis sine grano in i fardello vaL
De Matheo Fynkenberth' de Hansa pro xx pannis curtis sine
grano in ii fardellis vaL
[Summa val. pannorum] £xl cast, xxx s. sub. xl s.
In navi Alberti Cloffhamors exeunte eodem die
De Matheo Fynkenberch' de Hansa pro xx pannis curtis sine
grano in ii fardellis val. £xxvi xiii s. iiii d.

cust. XX s. sub. xxvi s. viiid
In navi Thome Johnson' exeunte vi die Julii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro xxx quarteriis avenanim
val. xl s. cust. vi d. sub. ii s.

De navi Johannis Paten' intrante xviii die Julii
De Willelmo Caws indigena pro m saltfissh' val. x mr.
item pro iii barellis salmonis val. xxx s.
item pro vi barellis blobbyr' val. xl s.

[Summa val.] £x iii s. iiii d. sub. x s. ii d.
In navi Johannis Blakhode exeunte eodem die
De Thoma Norton' et Edwardo Pepjrr' indigenis pro c
quarteriis brassii val. £xvi sub. xvis.

De navi Alexandri Blake intrante xix die Julii
De eodem magistro indigena pro ccc saltfissh' val. xl s.
item pro iii barellis salmonis val. xxx s.
De Simone Baxster indigena pro ii lastis samonis val. £xii
item pro viii^ stokfissh' val. viii mr.

[Summa val.] £xx xvi s. viii d. sub. xx s. x d.
De navi vocata Le Mary de Lenna unde Robertus Iryng' est
magister intrante xx die Julii
De Thoma Calbot Willehno Wales Galfrido Draper at
Roberto Disburgh' mercatoribus indigenis pro iii lastis
stokfissh' de wynterfissh' croplynges et tytelynges vaL
£xxv sub. XXV s.

item pro ccc raftres de firre val. xxxiii s. iiii d. sub. xx d.
De navi Ricardi Bugge intrante xxiiii die Julii
De Ricardo Doryvale et Willelmo Passhelowe indigenis pro i

lasta salmonis val. £vi
item pro cc stokjfcsh' val. xx s.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS 619

item pro înî barellis blobbyr val. xks.
ISumma val,] £vm sub. viii s.

In navi Roberti Gregory exeunte primo die August!
De Willelmo Leyghton' îndîgena pro v pannis curtîs sine

grano in 1 fardello cust. v s. x d.

De Thoma Thomeham indigena pro îx pannîs curtis stQe

grano in î fardello cust. x s. vi d.

item pro x qitarteriis brasii vaL xxx s. sub. x\iii d.

De Johanne Malster indigena pro x pannis curtis sine grano

in i fardello cust, xi s. viii d.

item pro x quarterîîs brasii val xxx s. sub. xviii d.

De Roberto Leystok' indigena pro vii pannis curtis sine

grano cust, viii s. ii d.

item pro viii quarteriis brasii val. xx s. sub. xii d.

De Court Leiyng' de Hansa pro xv pannis curtis sine grano

vaL £xx cust. x\' s. sub. xx s.

De Johanne Aleyn' indigena pro x quarteriis brasii vaL xxx s,

sub. xviii d.

In navi Willelmi Passhelowe exeunte secundo die August i
De eodem Willelmo et Ricardo Doryvale indigenis pro Ix
quarteriis brasii val. £viii sub. viii s.

In navi Ryer' Gylesson' exeunte iiii die Augusti
De Willelmo Bylmyn ' indigena pro cc pellibus agninis vocatis

euynges vaL vi s. \'iii d.
item pro cc pellibus cuniculoruni val, vi s. viiid,
[Summa val.] xiii s. iiii d. sub. viii d.

De navi Thome Ramsey intrante vi die Augusti

De Johanne Haliday seniore indigena pro M saltfissh^ val
c s. sub. v s*

In navi Ricardi Ou tela we exeunte viii die Augusti
■ De Henrico Bermyngeham indigena pro vii pannis curtîs

H sine grano cust. viii s. ii d.

H De Thoma Dyghton* indigena pro i panno curto sine grano
H cust, xiiii d,

H item pro vî coverletts val x s. sub« vi d.

620 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

In navi vocata Le Mary de Lythe exeunte xxiiii die Augusti
De Johanne Halyday seniore mdîgena pro c quarteriis bnsii
vah £xm vi s. vîîî d. sub. xiii s. imi

De navi Johannis Blakhode intrante eodem die

De Thoma Norton' et Edwardo Peper indigenis pro vu lastis
salmonis val, £xlii sub. xlii s.

item pro xiiii*^ pissibus saisis vaL £vii sub. \ii j.

De navi Johannis Paten' exeunte eodem die

De Willelmo Caws indigena pro c quarteriis brasii vat £x\i

sub. xvis,
In navi Alexandri Blake exeunte xxvi die Augusti
De Simone Baxster indigena pro vîiî** quarterns brasii val
£xxi vi s. viii d. sub. xxi s. iiii A

De navi vocata Kateryne Hastynges intrante xxvii die Augusti
De Jacobo Hatvyle indigena pro xviii*^ salt&ssh' vaL £ix
item pro vi lastis salmonis val. ijoot
[Summa vaL] £xxxix sub. xxxix s.
De navi Derik Albrightson' intrante xxix die Augusti
De eodem magistro alienigena pro M pavy^gtyle val. x s.
De Witte Williamson' alienigena pro mm et di. o/fe» val.
£viii

[Summa val] £viii x s. cust, ii s. î d. ob. sub. viii s. vi d^
De navi ComeUi de Grave intrante ultimo die Augusti
De Petro Brokk' alienigena pro mm pavyngtyle val xxs,
item pro m allei val Ix s.

De Jacobo Person* alienigena pro m aUei val Ix s.
[Summa val] £vii cust. xxi d. sub. vii s.
De navi vocata Gode Grace de Londonia intrante tercio die
Septembris
De Henrico Smyth' et Alexandro Perpoynt indigenis pro v
lastis et di. salmonis val. £xxvi xiii s. iiii d.

sub. xxvi s. viii d.
De navi Johannis Johnson' intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro mm allei val. £vi
item pro c barellis onyons val xxxiii s. iiii d.
item pro uno barello salmonis vaL x s.

[Summa val] £viii iii s. iiii d. cust. ii s. ob. sub. vm s. ii d-

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

621

De navi Walteri Russe ixitrante xiiii die Septembris
De eodem magistro alienigena pro iii lastis salmoms val. £xii
item pro i lasta et di. allecis vaL xl s,

[Summa val.] £xuij cust. iii s. vî d. sub. xiiii s.
De navi Jacobi Bettisson' intrante xvii die Septembris

De eodem magistro alienigena pro ii lastis et di. aUecis vaL
£\Hii xîiî s. iiii d. cust. ii s. ii d. sub- \aii s. viii d.

De navi Thome Brosour' intrante eodem die

De Laurencio Fyncham indigena pro viii lastis et ii barellis
salmonis vaL £xlix sub, xlix s.

In navi Ricardi Outelawe exeunte quarto die Octobris

De Ricardo Godewyn^ et Johanne Tilly indigenis pro xl
pannis curtis sine grano in iiii fardelUs cust. xlvi s. viii d,
item pro mm candeP Peris vaL £viii sub. viii s.

De Johanne Basse indigena pro xl pannis curtis sine grano in
iii fardellis • cust* xlvi s. viii d,

item pro xx worstedes simplic* val £x cust. xx d. sub. x s.
item pro i dussena coverletts val xx s, [sub.] xii d.

De navi Comelii Lakeman* intrante quinto die Octobris
De Johanne Gylesson* alienigena pro m allei val. £iii
item pro xl barellis onyons vaL xiii s. iiii d.

[Summa val] Lxxiii s. iiii d. cust. xi d. sub. iii s, vîîî d.
De Henrico Patenmaker indigena pro m allei vaL Ix s.

sub. iii s.
In navi Comelii de Grave exeunte eodem die

De Petro Brocke et Jacobo Persson* alienigenis pro c quar-
teriis avenamm vaL £viii cust. ii s. sub. viii s.

De navi Henrici William Ebe intrante eodem die

De WiUelmo Kynte alienigena pro mm et di. allei val.

£vii xs.
item pro xxviii barellis onyons val. viii s, iiii d.

[Summa vaL] £vii x\iîî s. vîîi d. cust. ii s. sub. vii s.
xi d. q.
De navi Lucas Laurenson' intrante vî die Octobris
De eodem magistro alienigena pro M aUeî vaL Ix s.
item pro xl barellis onyons val. xiii s. iiiî d.

[Summa val.] Ixxiii s. iiii d. cust* xi d. sub. iii s. viii d.

622 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De navi Johannis Pers intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro di.^ weynscotts val.

xiii s. iiii d.
item pro xii^ allei val. Ixxii s.
item pro Ix barellis onyons val. xx s.

[Summa val.] c v s. iiii d. cust. rvi d. sub. v s. iii d. q.
In navi Jacobi Bettisson' exeunte vii die Octobris
De eodem magistro alienigena pro Ix quarteriis brasii val.
£viii cust. ii s. sub. viii s.

In navi Walteri Russe exeunte x die Octobris
De eodem magistro alienigena pro v** quarteriis brasii val.
£xiii cust. iii s. iii d. sub. xiii s.

De navi Ryer Gylesson' intrante eodem [die]
De eodem magistro alienigena pro cc cruds val. vi s. viii d.
item pro di. m allei val. xxx s.
item pro di. lasta herynge val. xl s.
De Adriano Tomson' alienigena pro xv^ allei val. 1 s.

[Summa val. £vi] vi s. [viii d.] cust. xix d. sub. vi s.
iiiid.
De Willelmo Bilmyn' indigena pro mm iii^ allei val. £vi v s^
item pro m rosyn' val. xx s.

De Johanne Candeler indigena pro di. wawe vitri val. x s.
[Summa val.] £vii xv s. sub. vii s. ix d.
De navi Brant Otte intrante xxii die Octobris
De Hennyng' Durynge de Hansa pro xliii pipis wode vaL

£iiii"[vi]
item pro x lastis tarre val. £x
item pro vi lastis et di. picis val. £vi x s.
item pro vi lastis osmondi val. £xxiiii
item pro ii pakkes lini val. £x
item pro iiii pipis lini val. £iiii.
item pro iiii barellis anguillarum val. xxvi s. viii d.
item pro cc et di. waynscotts val. 1 s.
item pro i barello bristelles val. x s.

[Summa val.] £c xliiii xvi s. viii d. cust. xxxvi s. ii d. ob.
sub. £vii iiii s. X d.
item pro i sire cere ponderis viii^ librarum cust. viii s.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

6zs

De navi Alexandri Blake intrante xxvii die Octobris

De eodem magistro xndigena pro i lasta salmonis val. £vi
item pro iii lastis allecis aibi vaL £iiii x s.
[Summa vaL] £x x s. sub. x s, vi d.
De navi Willelmi Passhelowe intrante eodem die

De Ricardo Dorjrvale indigena pro iii lastîs aUecîs val, £vî
item pro iii barellis salmonis val, xxx s,
item pro c saltfissh' vaL x s.

[Summa vaLJ £viii sub. vm s.
De navi Lucas Laurenson* exeunte xxviii die Octobris

De eodem magistro alienigena pro Ix quarteriis avenarum
val. £iiii cust. xii d. sub. iiii s.

In navi Ricardi Yorke exeunte ii die Novembris

De Willelmo BylmjTi' indigena pro xx pannis curtis sine

grano in duo bus fardellis cust. xxiîî s. îîîi d.

De Willelmo Peper indigena pro [x] pannis curtis sine grano

in uno fardello cust. xi s. viii d.

De Edwardo Westhorpe indigena pro x pannis curtis sine

grano in uno fardello cust. xi s. viii d.

Ex[aminat'] cum rotulis contrarotulatoris

Summa totalis istonim octo foliorum :

valor mercandisiarum alienJgenarum unde
iii d. de libra £dcc xlvi \îii s.^ cust. £ix vii s.
ii d. ob.

panni sine grano: indigenarum cc xvii panni
cust. £xii xiii s. ii d.
Hanse c xlv panni cust.
£vii V s.
worsted' simplex indigenanim xx pecie cust.
XX d,

cera cuiusdam Heniiyng' Burjug* mercatoris
Hanse viii quintalli cust. viii s.
et de residuo custume dictonim pannorum
Hanse cust. £xii xiii s. ix d.

This seecfis to be the reading^ but if we are to judge from the custonis, tbe
amount ^ould be £dcc xlviii xvi s. viii d.

624 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

valor predictorum pannorum Hanse £c iiii"
xiii vi s. viii d. sub. £ix xiii s. iiii d.
valor mercandisiarum Hatise unde xiid. de
libra £ccx: îîiî" vi xviii s. viii d. sub. £xix vi s.
xid. q.

vinum mercatorum indigenarum c xvi doUa
sub. £xvii viii s.

valor mercandisiarum indigenarum et alieni-
genanim unde xii d. de libra £m cc xxv xvi s.
iiii d. sub. £lxi v s. xi d. q.
Summa totalis omnis £cl iiis. unde parva custuma
£xlii viiis. Lxd. ob. subsidium tonagii et
pondagii £c vii xiiii s. ii d. ob.

§ 56. An accoufU of the custom and subsidy on all goods, except
wool, woolfeUs, and hides, exported or imported by aliens
and denizens, Lynn, 2Ç September, is4q — /j June, 1550,

The chief single export was grain. Lead, coals, butter, fish,
linen cloth, horse-shoes, men's shoes (3 dozen), and cramery wares
were likewise exported. Hops, salt (coarse and white), iron, and
wine (Gascon, sweet, sack, and Rhenish) were the notable
imports. Other goods brought in were soap, pitch, tar, fish (full
and empty), timber, stones (mill, dog, and com), rosin, cork,
hair, brown paper, fans, horns, jars, cramery wares, raisins, and
figs.

The total number of shipments was 35; of these 21 were
denizen and 14 alien, the Hanseatic merchants apparently not
being represented at all. It is stated in four cases that the ships
were bound for Calais, and in two cases for Iceland (Island).

This account contains the three integral parts of a complete
account; the head, the body, and the " foot of account " or
summary.

Particule compoti Johannis Pace collectons custum[e] et
subsid[ii] domini regis in portu ville de Lynne et in singulis lods
et crecis eidem portui adiacentibus videlicet a festo Sancti
Michaelis Archangeli anno regni domini regis nunc Edwardi

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY 0!^ OTHER GOODS

625

Sexti m usque xHii diem Junii anno regni dicti domini regis nimc
quarto.^

In nave vocata Vnycome de Dordright* unde sub Deo est ma-
gister Petrus de Bowne iniravii decimo die mensis Octobris
Ricardus Johnson alienigena
pro uno lasto et quinque barellis scope val £vm x s, sub.

viii s. vi d. cust. 11 s. ii d.
pro ii pookes hopps continent' iii^ val. xx s.

sub. xii d. cust îii d.
pro octo molaribus val. £v vî s. viii d,

sub. V s. iiii d. cust. xvi d.
pro ii lastis dogsions val. £iiii sub. iiii s. cust. xii d.

pro duobus lastis querns tons val. xx s. sub. xii d. cust. Oi d.
pro tribus doliis ferri val, £ix sub. ix s. cust. ii s. îii d.

In nave vocata Le Barbara de Barrowe unde sub Deo est
magister Jacobus Henryckson exivii xxviii die mensis

(Octobris versus Calisiam
Wilielmus van Thonger alienigena
pro vi" quarterns bracii vaL £xx sub. xx s. cust. v s.

In nave vocata Le Katheryne de Hunston* unde sub Deo est
magister B nanus Bradley intra vît vicesimo die mensis
Novembris
Thomas Johnes indigena

pro vii doliis ferri val. £xxi sub. xxi s.

pro iii pockets hoppes continent' vi^ vaL xxx s.

cust* xviii d.
pro centum salis val £v sub. v s.

pro uno lasto picis val xx s. sub. xii d.

pro uno lasto bituminis val xx s. sub. xii d.

pro uno lasto soope val £vi sub. vi s.

In nave vocata Le Salvator de Rosîngdall unde sub Deo est
magister Chrîstoferus Lamson intravit tercio die mensis
Decembris
WîUelmus van Thonger alienigena
pro XXV waiis salis albî val £xii x s.

sub. xii s. vî d. cust. iii s. ii d.
1 MS., R. O., K. R. Customs. 100/3.

626 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

pro vi lastis et v barellis soope val. £xxxk

sub. xxxix s. cust. ix s. ix d.
In eadem nave, Christofenis Lamson
pro X pokets hopps continent' xx*^ val. £v

sub. V s. cust. XV d.
pro iii barellis soope val. xxx s. sub. xviii d. cust. v d.

pro quinque mawndes ollarum val. 1 s.

sub. ii s. vi d. cust. viii d.
pro un' small mawnde quadrarum val. xx s.

sub. xii d. cust. iii d.
pro ii pokets hoppes continent' v^ val. xxv s.

sub. XV d. cust. v d.
Summa * partis £vm xv s. iii d.
In Le Anne de Dordright' unde sub Deo est magister Gilbertus
Comelyson' intravit nono die mensis Decembris
Jacobus Wrenche alienigena

pro iiii lastis alleds albi val. £xvi sub. xvi s. cust. iiii s.

pro iiii sackes hopps continent' viii^ val. xl s.

sub. ÎÎ s. cust. vi d.
pro duobus doliis ferri val. £vi sub. vi s. cust. xviii d.

pro xxi amis vint Reynyshe continentibus [ ] dolia ton.

xxis.

pro uno lasto soope val. £vi sub. vi s. cust. xviii d.

pro un' pipe vini dulcis ton. iii s.

In nave vocata Le Pellycane de Dordright' imde sub Deo est

magister Johannes Dyrickson intravit nono die mensis

Decembris

Cornelius Cromenye alienigena

pro uno lasto allecis albi pleni val. £iiii sub. iiii s. cust. xii d.
pro uno lasto allecis vacui val. xl s. sub. ii s. cust. vi d.

pro uno lasto soope val. £vi sub. vi s. cust. xviii d.

pro iiii doliis ferri val. £xii sub. xii s. cust. iii s.

pro uno lasto di. dogstones val. £iii sub. iii s. cust. ix d.
pro iii lastis quemstones val. xxx s. sub. xviii d. cust v d.
pro decem pokets hopps continent' xx*^ val. £v

sub. vs. cust. XV d.

^ Probata precedes summa in this and the following like instances.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

627

In nave vocata Le Pellycane de Roterdam unde sub Deo est
magister Cornelius Jacobson' intravit nono die mensis
Decembris
Nicholaus Clampe alienigena

pro xx*^ linges val. £xl sub, xl s. aist. x s,

pro vi^ codde fyshe val. £iiii sub. iiii s, cust. xii d.

pro iii pookes hopps continent* xii*" vaL £iii

sub. iii s. cust. ix d.
In nave vocata Le George de Rosingdall unde sub Deo est
magister Marcellus Lamson intravit xix die mensis De-
cembris
Jaques de Pryor alienigena
pro iiii doUis di, ferri val. £xiii x s,

sub* xiii s. vi d. cust. iii s. v d,
pro XX bundeliis fannes vaL xxxiii s. iiîî d.

sub. XX d. cust. v d.
pro XX bundeliis browne paper val, vi s. viii d.

sub. iiiid. cust. id,
pro iii lastis di. soope val. £xxi sub. xxi s. cust. v s. iii d,
pro vi baskets ollarum val. xx s. sub. xii d. cust. iii d,

pro ii baskets quadramm continent' v** val. xvi s. viii d.

sub. xd. cust. iiid.
pro viii sackes hopps continent* xxiiii^ vaL £vi

sub. vi s. cust. xviii d.
pro xx waiis salis grociî val. £x
pro ii pipes vini dulcis
pro duobus pipes vJni sack
pro M waighl rosen* val. xx s.
pro xl peciis ficorum val. Iiii s. iiii d.

sub. ii s. viii d. cust. viii d.
Summa partis £xii iii s. ix d.
In eadem nave
pro vi^ smair clapholte vaL xx s.
pro uno las to picis val. xx s.
pro uno lasto bituminis vaL xx s,
pro un' hogyshede cremeny [sic] wares vaL £iii

sub. iils. cust. ix d.

sub. X s, cust. ii s. \i d.

ton. vi s.

ton. iii s.

sub. xii d, cust. iii d.

sub. xiid. cust. iiid.
sub. xiid. cust. iii d.
sub. xii d. cust iii d.

628 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

pro iii lastis alleds albi val. £xii sub. xii s. cust. iii s.

pro viii pokets hopps continent' xvi^ val. £iiiî

sub. iiii s. cust. xii d.
In nave vocata Le George de Rosingdall unde sub Deo est
magister Marcellus Lamson exivit xxviii die mensis De-
cembris versus partes exteriores
Jaques de Pryor alienigena
pro ix fotheriis plumbi val. £xxvii

sub. xxvii s. cust. vi s. ix d.
pro xilii** pellium cunicularum val. £xiiii

sub. xiiii s. cust. iii s. vi d.
et plus in eadem nave pro ii di. fotheriis plumbi val. £vii x s.

sub. vii s. vi d. cust. xxiii d.
In nave vocata Le Mary Anne de Dordright' unde sub Deo est
magister Gribertus Comelyson' exivit viii die mensis Jan-
uarii versus partes exteriores per licentiam T. Woodhous
militis et T. Waters armigeri
Jacobus Wrenche alienigena
pro xi** quarteriis bracii et ordei val. £xl

sub. xl s. cust. X s.
In nave vocata Le James de Armewe unde sub Deo est magister
Johannes Anderson' intravit xviii die mensis Januarii
Franciscus Welbye indigena

pro centum salis albi val. £v sub. v s.

pro centum salis grocii val. £v sub. v s.

In nave vocata Le Martha de Armewe unde sub Deo est
magister Cornelius Donkynson exivit xix die mensis Jan-
uarii versus Calisiam
Martinus Hastinges indigena

pro iii" quarteriis fnimenti val. £xxx sub. xxx s.

pro ix" quarteriis ordei et iiii" quarteriis bracii val. £iiii"

vi xiii s. iiii d. sub. £iiii vi s. viii d.

In nave vocata Le Christofer de Dordright xmde sub Deo est

magister Willelmus Peterson intravit xxviii die mensis

Januarii

Johannes Porter indigena

pro ii*^ salis albi et grocii val. £x sub. x s.

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

629

In nave vocata le Vnycome de Dordright' unde sub Deo est

magister Willelmus Johnson' intravit ultimo die mensis

Januarii
Victor Vanlyon alienigena

pro xxiiii magnis molaribus val, £xvi sub. xvi s, cust, iiii s.
pro n lastis dogstons val. £mi sub. îîii s. cust. xii d.

pro xviiî pokets hopps continent' xl*^ val. £x

sub. X s, cust. ii s. vi d*
pro di. centum wa>Tiscotts val. xx s. sub. xii d. cust. iii d*
Summa partis £xv xiii s. vii d.
In nave vocata Le Christofer de Armewe unde sub Deo est

magister Cornelius Jacobson* intravit terdo die mensis

Februarii
Frandscus Welbye indigena

pro iii centum salis aibi vah £xv sub. xv s.

pro centum saUs grocii val. £v sub. v s.

pro iiii doliis vini Gascon' ton. xii s*

pro iiii barellis alleds vaL xxvi s. viii d. sub. xvi d.

In nave vocata Le Christofer de Myddylboroughe unde sub

Deo est magister Cornelius Comelyson intravit tercio die

mensis Februarii
Otwell Johnson indigena

pro XXX doliis vini Gascon' ton, £iiii x 3.

pro iiii pipes vini dulcis ton. vi s,

pro iiii butts \'ini sack ton, vi s.

pro quinque doliis ferri vaL £xv sub. xv s,

pro \îii hoppe sackes continent' xx^ val. £v sub. v s.

In nave vocata Le James de Armew unde sub Deo est magister

Johannes Andryes exivit undecimo die mensis Februarii

versus Calisiam
Johannes Johnson indigena

pro vi" quarteriis bracii val. £xl sub. xJ s.

pro iiii" quarteriis frumenti val. £xl sub. xl s.

pro iii" quarteriis avenamm val. £x sub. x s.

In nave vocata Le John' Baptist de Lenne unde sub Deo est

magister Jacobus Spenser exivit xxii die mensis Februarii

versus Iseland

630 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Edwardus Baker indigena

pro ii lastis barley meale val. xx s. sub. xii d.

pro uno dolio broken basterd val. xxx s. sub. xviii d.

pro uno lasto wheate meale val. xx s. sub. xii d.

pro quinque quarteriis bracii val. xiii s. iiii d. sub. viii d.
pro centum horse shoes val. vi s. viii d. sub. iiii d.

pro iii dossenis calciamentorum val. xx s. sub. xii d.

pro ii^ ulnis panni linei val. £iii sub. iii s.

pro ix byndlinges val. £iiii x s. sub. iiii s. vi d.

pro ii vessys val. £iiii sub. iiii s.

pro un' iyrkyn^ crymeny [sic] wares val. xxx s. sub. xviii d.
Summa partis £xiii iii s. x d.
In nave vocata Le Mary Grace de Lenne xmde sub Deo est

magister Thomas Ferryes exivit iiii die mensis Mardi

versus Island
Radulphus Downes indigena

pro imo lasto wheate meale val. xx s. sub. xii d.

pro imo lasto barley meale val. x s. sub. vi d.

pro iiii barellis butiri val. xxvi s. viii d. sub. xvi d.

pro quinque quarteriis bracii val. xiii s. iiii d. sub. viii d.
pro decern waynscotts val. xx s. sub. xii d.

pro centum ulnis panni linei val. xxx s. sub. xviii d.

pro vi byndlinges val. £iii sub. iii s.

pro uno vesse val. xl s. sub. ii s.

In nave vocata Le George de Rosingdall imde sub Deo est

magister Marcellus Lamson exivit xiiii die mensis Mardi

versus partes exteriores
Sabastianus Dancarde alienigena
pro iii" et uno fotheriis plumbi val. £ix" iii

sub. £ix iii s. cust. xlv s. ixd.
In nave vocata Le Olyphaimt de Armewe imde sub Deo est

magister Levyn* Jacus (?) intravit xvii die mensis Mardi

Franciscus Welbye indigena
pro XX waiis salis grocii et albi val. £x sub. x s.

In nave vocata Le Anngell de Armewe unde sub Deo est

magister Henricus Peterson' intravit xxiiii die mensis

Marcii

CUSTOM AND SUBSIDY ON OTHER GOODS

631

Ricardus Johnson alienigena

pro ii"^ salis grocii vaL £x sub- x s. cusL 11 s. vi d.

pro iiii pookes hoppes continent' x^ val, 1 s.

sub. tî s. vi d. cust. viîi d*
Summa partis £xiii v s. v d.
Per me Thomam Waters per me Edwardum Baker per me John
Dynsdayll(?) per me Fra\Tices Welby

Hunc librum continentem tria folia libera\at hie infranomi-
natus collector xiii die Maii anno quarto Regis Edwardi vi per
manus suas proprias et prestîtit sacramentum.

In nave vocata Le Mary Jermayn de Lenne unde sub Deo est
magister Ricardus Baxster exîvît xiiîi die mensîs Aprilis
per lîcendam Thome Waters
Thomas Waters îndigena

pro xvi^^ quarteriis bracîi val £iii^xv sub, £iii xv s.

In nave vocata Le Antheloppe de Lenna unde sub Deo est
magister Simon RajTiton* exivit ii die mensis Maii versus
partes exteriores
Willelmus Williamson' indigena

pro novem mille pellîum cunîcularum val. £ix sub. îx s.
In nave vocata Le Phenyx de Lenne unde sub Deo est magister
Brianus Luptôn' exivit secundo die mensîs Maii versus
partes exteriores
Willelmus Williamson' indigena

pro XXX celdris carbonum vaL £v sub. v s.

In nave vocata Le Margaret de Lenne unde sub Deo est magister
Johannes Harwoode exivit secundo die mensis Maii versus
Calisîam
Robertus Pace îndigena

pro iiîi** quarteriis bracîi val. £xx sub. xx s.

In nave vocata Le James de Yermowth unde sub Deo est

magister Richardus Candye întravit nono die mensis Maii

Silvester W^alden* indigena

pro iii lastis soope val. £x\4ii sub. xviii s.

In nave vocata Le Mary Jermeyn' de Lenne unde sub Deo est

magister Ricardus Baxster intravit xiii die mensis Maii

632

TBE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

Ricardus Baxster mdigena

pro XX waiis salis grodi vaL £x sub. zs.

In nave vocata Le Mary de Roterdam imde sub Deo est
magister Jacobus Ockerson intravit xxîx die mensis M^
Johannes Johnson' indigena

pro xl waiis salis grocii et albi vaL £xxvî xîii s. iiîi i

sub. xx\îs. i-uid.
pro ii*^ cork^ continent' xvi dossenas val. xxxii s* sub. xîiA
In nave vocata Le Anne de Yermowth unde sub Deo <st
magister Petrus Wyir intra\it ii die mensîs Junîi
Thomas Johnes indigena

pro iii doliis ferri val. £ix sub. îiK

pro di. lasto soope vaL £iiî sub, iiîs.

Summa partis £viii xvii s. îîi d.
In nave vocata Le Pellycane de Donkyrk unde sub Deo
magister Owinus Clynker exivit secundo die mensis Ji
versus partes exteriores
WîJlelmus Barrerd' indigena

pro oc to mille comuum val, £iîii sub, iiSs.

pro ii pookes crinis val, x s, sub, vid.

pro uno dolio et di, allebaster val, xv s. sub, iid.

In nave vocata Le Peter de Rocklii unde sub Deo est magister
Edwardus Cooke intra vit \iii die mensis Juniî
Silvester Walden indigena

pro XV waiis salis albi vaL £vii x s. sub, viî s. vi A

pro uno lasto soope vaL £vi sub, vis.

pro un^ hoppe sackes continent' ii*^ val, x s. sub. vid.

pro un' drye fatt brown' paper vaL xx s. sub, xiid,

pro ii peciis racimorum vaL x s, sub. >id.

In nave vocata Le Salvator de Anwarpe unde sub Deo est
magister Cornelius Kempe intravit xii die mensis Junii
Jacobus Vanderhoven alienigena

pro iii" doliis vini Gascon ton, £U

In nave vocata Le Johannes de Lenne unde sub Deo est

magister Bartholomeus Jornsay exivit xii die mensis Junii

versus partes exteriores

Johannes Makenter indigena

pro xxxvui celdris carbonum val £vî sub. vî s.

Summa partis £x vi s. ix d.

Hunc librum continentem quatuor folia Uberavit hie infrano-
minatus collector undecimo die Octobris anno regni Regis
Edwardi Sexti quarto per manus suas proprias et prestîtit
sacramentum

Per Thomam Waters

Per Thomam Huybon (?)

Pes compoti Johannîs Pace collectons custum[e] et subsid[u]
domîni regis in portu ville de L>^ne et in singulis locis et crecis
eidem portui adiacentibus videlicet a festo Sancti Michaelis
Archangeli anno regni domini regis nunc Edwardi vi tercio usque
xiiii diem Junii extunc proximo sequentem anno regni eiusdem

I domini regis nunc quarto scilicet per dimidium anni et ixxvi dies.
Valor: indigenarum £dxlvu viii s. iiii d, sub. £xxvU
vii s. V d.
K aUenigenarum £dcxvii xx d. cust, £vii xiiii s.

B iiii d. sub. £xxx xvii s. i d.

[Summa] £kv xviii s. x d.
Vînum non duke:

indigenarum xxxviii dolia ton. c xiiii s.
atienigenarum lx\iii dolia ton. £x iiii s.
Vinum duke:

alienigenarum unum doiium et di. ton. tx s.

[Summa] £xvi vii s.
Summa totalis recepte £iiii" ii v s. x d.

CHAPTER XV

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSffilES

In this chapter we have shnply the customs and subsidy and the
custom and subsidy of the two preceding chapters combined
into one, the customs and subsidies.^ All the elements of these
consolidated customs and subsidies existed as early as 1347 or
1350; but it was only in the latter part of the fourteenth century
and in the fifteenth that they were normally in force. In the out-
ports they were usually collected by one person or one group of
persons and were therefore accoimted for all together as a am-
solidated and completed system of export and import taxes on
all commodities, to which denizens and aliens were alike subject
Structurally the customs system was finished. No more advance
of this kind took place during the period with which we are
concerned, except the addition of the impositions of the Tudors
(and Stuarts).

§ 57. An account of the customs and subsidies on all goods ex-
ported Of imported, Southampton , 2Ç September, 144 j — 28
September, 1444.

Only part of this rather long account is here printed. It illus-
trates well the consolidated and completed customs system with
its twofold division of (i) the customs and subsidy on wool, wool-
fells, and hides, and (2) the petty custom and subsidy on other
goods. In the case of wool exported, the Calais due and the
cocket money are accoimted for.

The chief goods exported during the period were cloth and wool.
No woolfells or " hides " are listed at all. There were several
kinds of cloth exported but only the uncolored was of any import-
ance. Other wares sent abroad, but in small quantities, were
lamb-skins, raw calf-skins, wheat, flour, beer, and horse-shoes.

* See above, p. 85.
634

TEE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES 6$$

The principal import was wine, the details of which are seen in
the foUowing table:

Wine imported

Sweet Noa -sweet Totals

(tufis) (tims) (ttiDs)

Denizens . , None 709 j 709!

Alkns 544t 186Î S3il

Totals 344I SgÔi 1241

Some of the other imports were black and white soap, crude silk,
lath nails, cotton^ a ship valued at £5, glass bottles, haberdashery,
writing paper, alum, saffron, galls, old featherbeds, old pans» and
old cloth.

The relative position of aliens and denizens in the foreign trade
of this port is indicated by the following summary;

Trade of Aliens and Denizens

Nature ot the; tncfe Aliens Denlxeoa

Wool exported 1,252 sacks 175 sacks

Undyed cloth exported .., ., 1,579 cloths 5,626 do ths

Wine imported , 531 tuns 710 tuns

General mdse. expM and imp'd. £11 ,oj8 £15,026

The goods are said to be carried in ordinary sailing vessels
(naves) /m carracks, and in galleys. Unusual expressions, found in
the part of this account that is omitted, are doliuta and pipai<i,
meaning probably about a tun and a pipe in size or amount**

Particule compoti Willelmi Soper et Willelmi Marys col-
lectorum custum[arum] et subs[idiorum] regis in portu ville
Suthamptonie et in singulis por tubus et locis eidem portui
adiacentibus videlicet de huius custum[is] et subs[idiis] regis
ibidem a festo Sancti Michaelis anno xxii Regis Henrici VI usque
festum Sancti Michaelis time proximo sequens scilicet per unum
annum integrum per visum et testimonium Willehni Stone
contrarotulatoris ibidem per idem tempus,'

* Pro iii doliatis ferri val, £vii x s.; pro i doliata de rosyn* val. xls,i pro Hi
pipatis de rosyn val. xl s. Fois, 15a and 15b.
» MS., R. O., K, R. Customs, 140/62.

636 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

In nave unde Walterus Philpott est magbter exeunte primo die

Octobris
De George Thomas indigena [pro] iiii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iiii s. viii d.
xl duodenis candelarum cepi val. xxxiii s. iiii d. sub. xx d.
De Johanne Osmond' indigena [pro] i panno curto sine grano

cust. xiiii d.
De Ricardo Cok' indigena pro iiii pannis et vi virgis curtis

sine grano cust. iiii s. xi d. ob.

De Ricardo Thomas indigena [pro] vii pannis curtis sine

grano cust. viii s. ii d.

XXV duodenis candelarum cepi val. xxxi s. viii d. sub. xix d.
De Johanne Don' indigena pro xiiii pannis et viii virgis curtis

sine grano cust. xvi s. viii d. ob. q.

XX duodenis candelarum cepi val. xxv s. sub. xv d.

De dicto magistro indigena pro ii pannis et vi virgis curtis

sine grano cust. ii s. vii d. ob.

De Johanne Trace indigena pro dimidio panno curto sine

grano cust. vii d.

De Willelmo El)rs indigena pro i panno curto sine grano

cust. xiiii d.
De Willelmo Bukfast indigena pro i panno curto sine grano

cust. xiiii d.
De Johanne Stake indigena pro i panno et vi virgis curto sine

grano cust. xvii d. ob.

De Roberto Donster indigena pro vi i>annis di. et iii virgis

curtis sine grano cust. vii s. viii d. ob. q.

De Thoma Costevile indigena pro i panno et x virgis curto

sine grano cust. xx d.

De Ricardo Marshall' indigena [pro] m v^ libris cepi val.

£v V s.
Ixx duodenis candelarum cepi val. £iiii
xl pétris casionun val. xxvi s. viii d.
ii barellis saponis nigri val. xxx s.

Sunmia val. £xii xx d. sub. xii s. i d.
xvii pannis curtis sine grano cust. xix s. x d.

TEE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

637

De Johanne Cotiler indigena pro xi parniis et di, curtis sine
grano cust. xiii s. v d,

c XX duodenis librarum candelamm cepi val, £yi x s.

sub. VÎ s. vi d.
De Johanne Wodcok' indigena pro xx pannis curtis sine grano

cust. xxiiis. uild.
De Henrico Stonard' indigena pro ii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. ii s. iiii d.

X duodenis candelamm cepi vaL xii s. vi d, sub. viî d* ob.

De Roberto Am indigena pro xv pannis et di. curtis sine

grano cust. xviii s. i d.

De Johanne Webbe indigena pro iii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iiis, vi d.
De Johanne French' mdigena pro iiii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iiii s. viii d.
De Johanne Cager indigena pro viii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. ix s. iiii d.

De Radulpho Estmer indigena pro vii pannis di. et iiii virgis

curtis sine grano cust. viii s, xi d. ob.

De Ricardo Forster indigena pro xiiii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. xvi s. iiii d.
De George Thomas indigena pro iii parmis curtis sine grano

cust. iii s. vi d.

De Thoma at te Wodd' indigena pro vi pannis di. et iiii virgis

curtis sine grano cust. vii s. ix d. ob.

De Willelmo Fjucot' indigena pro i panno et di. curto sine

grano cust. xxi d.

De Nicholao Warner indigena pro vi pannis et di. curtis sine

grano cust. vii s. vii d.

De Johanne William indigena pro ix pannis di. et \dîî virgis

curtis sine grano cust. xi s. v d. ob, q.

xxiiii duodenis librarum candelamm cepi val. xxx s.

sub. x\'iii d.
De Thoma Lucas indigena pro i panno curto sine grano

cust. xiiii d.

De Thoma Dagweir indigena pro i panno di. et iiii virgis

curto sine grano cust. xxiii d. ob.

638 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Willelmo Carle indigena pro xix pannis curtis sine grano

cust. xziis.ii(l.

De Johanne Rinere indigena pro v pannis et viîi virgis curtis

sine grano cust. vi s. ii d. ob. q.

De Nicholao Holinhegg' indigena pro xi pannis et di. curtis

sine grano cust. xiii s. v cL

Summa folii:

Panni indigenarum sine grano cc xiii panni

vii virge
Custiuna £xii viii s. xi d.
Valor indigenarum £xxv iiii s. ii d.
Subsidiiun xii d. de libra xxv s. ii d. ob.
Totalis £xiii xiiii s. i d. ob.

In nave imde Ricardus Rakell' est magister exeimte eodem die
De Ricardo Botiler indigena pro v pannis curtis sine grano

cust. vs. xi
De Thoma Kyrton' indigena pro ii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iis. iiiid.

De Ricardo Pykman' indigena pro v paimis viii virgis curtis

sine grano cust. vi s. ii d. ob. q.

De Thoma Jourde indigena pro v pannis curtis sine grano

cust. vs. xd.
De Ricardo Norton' indigena pro iiii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iiii s. viii d.
De Jany Sygon' indigena pro iii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iiis. vid.
De Thoma Herbard' indigena pro iiii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iiii s. viii d.
xiii duodenis librarum candelarum cepi val. xvis. viiid.

sub. X d.

De Lodowico Langton' indigena pro vi pannis curtis sine

grano cust. vii s.

De Willelmo Tylle indigena pro iii pannis et vi virgis curtis

sine grano cust. iii s. ix d. ob.

De dicto magistro indigena pro ii paimis curtis sine grano

cust. ii s. iiii d.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

639

De Gabriel' Corbet indigena pro x paoms curtis sine grano

cust» XÎ s, vui d.

De Johanne Wodcok* mdigena pro xxîîî pannis et octo vîrgîs

cyrtis sine grano cust xxvii s, ii d, ob. q.

De Johanne Clewer mdigena pro ii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. ii s. liii d.

De Willelmo Bisshop* indigena pro ix pannis et di, curtis sine

grano cust. xi s. i d.

De Johanne Holbroke indigena pro i panno et di. curto sine

grano cust. xxid.

XX uinis de canvas val. vi s. \îii d, sub. iiii d.

De Johanne William indigena pro xxxvii duodenis cande-

larum cepi val, xlvi s. viii d. sub. ii s. iiii d.

De Thoma Styler indigena pro iii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. iii s. vi d,
v*^ libris cepi val, xl s, sub, ii s.

De nave unde Petrus de sa Meson' est magister intrante eodem
die
De dicto magistro indigena pro cc 1 congris saisis val. £v
xli ainis de canvas val, xx s.
Summa val. £vi sub, vi s.
In nave unde Johannes Bayle est magister exeunte eodem die
De Johanne Chinaler indigena pro v pannis curtis sine grano

cust. V s. X d.
De Henrico Baker indigena pro ii pannis curtis sine grano

cust. ii s, iiii d.

De nave unde Rogerus Vintmyle est magister intrante secundo

die Octobris

De Gillelmo Bardeir alienigena pro xxiiii fethirbeddes veter*

val. £iîii sub. iiii s, cust. xiî d.

De Johanne Vyard' alienigena pro i cista cum divers'

haberdasshe val. £iiii sub. iiii s. cust, xii d.

De nave unde Johannes Gyrdeler est magister intrante eodem

die

De Johanne Harry indigena pro iiii fethirbeddes veter' vaL

xs. sub. vid.

C 1 libris de paieras val. xiii s. iiii d. sub, viii d,

640 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Willelmo Payn indigena pro duobus molaribus parvis
val. £v sub. vs.

De Galfrido Barnard' indigena [pro] iiii tyes pro fethirbeddes
val. xiii s. iiii d. sub. viiii

De Johanne Gyrdeler indigena pro i pipa vini sub. zviiid.

In nave imde Johannes Bachiler est magister exeunte iiii die
Octobris
De Ricardo Clyfdon' indigena pro x pannis curtis sine grano

cust. xis. viiid.

De carraca unde Simon' Gryll' est patronus intrante eodem die

De Benedicto Vilan' alienigena pro iii balis papiri val. £m

sub. iiis. cust. ixd.

De Nicholao Balasco alienigena pro i bala dactalorum val.

XX s. sub. xii d. cust. iii d.

De Andrea de Vasco alienigena [pro] xv capr' de potsugr'

val. £xii X s. sub. xii s. vi d. cust. iii s. i d. ob.

Summa folii:

Panni indigenarum sine grano c v panni di. x

virge
Custuma £vi iii s. vii d.
Valor indigenarum et alienigenarum £xlii xvi s.

viiid.
Subsidium xii d. de libra xlii s. x d.
Valor alienigenarum £xxiiii x s.
Custuma iii d. de libra vi s. i d. ob.
Vinum indigenarum i pipa
Subsidium iii s. de dolio xviii d.
Totalis £viii xiiii s. ob.

In nave unde Johannes Prudence est magister exeunte xx die
Decembris ^
De Bawdewin Eude nuper de Diep' indigena [pro] kxv
saccis lane in xxx sarplers sub. £c xxv cust. £xxv den.
Calesie 1 s. exitus coketti ii d.
Summa partis patet. Totalis £clii x s. ii d.

* Only the first few and the last few folios of this account are printed here. TV
omission occurs between this and the previous item.

TEE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

641

In carraca uûde Simon Gryll* est patronus exeiinte xxviii die

Januarii
De Angelo de Nigro alîenîgena pro c Ixix sacds di. xi clavis et

di, lane in ccc xxxv pokis sub, £ccc Ixvii xiiii s. vii d. cust,

£iiii^ iiii xvii s, iii d. den. Calesie £v xiiis. iid. ob.

exitus coketti ii d.
De Bartholomeo Lomelyn' alienigena pro xlviii saccis et xxîî

clavîs lane m c vi pokis sub. £c iiii xviii s. iiiid. cust.

£xxiiii iiii s. iiî d, den, Calesie xxxii s, ni d. ob. q. exitus

cokettî îi d.
De Perciuar Markesan' alien îgena pro xiiii sacds xxiîii

clavis et di. lane in xxxiii pokis sub. £xxxi vii s. i d. cust.

£vii iiii s. Ix d* den, Calesie ix s. vii d, ob. q. exîtus

cokettî ii d*
De Frederico Centurion" alienigena pro lîi saccis di. et xviii

clavis lane in c xvii pokis sub. £c xiiii x s, eus t. £xxvi

vîiis. vd. ob. q. den. Calesie xxxv s. îîid. exitus cokettî

iid.
De Jeros de Pyle alienigena pro xii saccis di. xx clavis di,

lane in xxviii pokis sub. £xxvii xviii s. ix d. cust. £vi viii s*

xi d. ob. den. Calesie viii s. vii d. ob. exitus coketti ii d.
De Christofero Catan* alienigena pro c xxxvii saccis di. îî

clavis et dî. lane in ccc ix pokis sub. £cc iiii" xviii v d. cust.

£bcviii xv s, vi d. den. Calesie £iiii xi s. viii d. ob. q.

exitus cokettî ii d.
De Simone Spînell' alienigena pro îiîi*^ v saccis di. iî clavîs

et di. lane in c iîii*^ ix pokis sub. £c iiii" v vii s. i d. cust.

£xlii XV s. vid. den. Calesie Iviis. ob. q. exitus cokettî

iid.
De Danîer Justînîano alienigena pro bcv saccis di. xii clavîs

et di. lane in c xlvii pokis sub. £c xlii viii s. ix d. cust.

£xxxii xvii s. v d. q. den. Calesie xliîî s. x d. exitus cokettî

iid.
De Lodewîco Scott' alienigena pro xviii saccis et di. lane in

xlii pokis sub. £xl xx d. cust. £ix v s. den. Calesie xii s»

uii d. exitus coketti îi d.

642 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Christofero Catan' alienigena pro iii saccis lane in vii
pokis sub. £vi xs. cust. xxxs. den. Calesie ils. exitus
coketti ii d.
Summa folii:

Lana alienigenarum dc vm sacci di. x clavi
Custiuna £ccx: iiii vii s. i d. ob.
Subsidium £mccc xvin xvi s. vîîî d.
Denarie Calesie £xx vi s.
Exitus coketti x mercatorum xx d.
Totalis folii £mdc xliii xi s. v d. ob.

In galea unde Julianus Rydelff' est patronus exeunte ix die

Aprilis
De Billeiard' de Barde alienigena pro c xxxviii saccis di. et xi

clavis lane in cc Ixiiii pokis sub. £ccc x s. x d. cust. £bdx

vii s. i d. ob. q. den. [Calesie] £iiii xii s. vi d. exitus coketti

iid.
De Fures Relate alienigena pro Ixvi saccis xx clavis lane in

c xxvi pokis sub. £c xliii xvi s. viii d. cust. £xxxiii iii s. x d.

q. den. Calesie xliiii s. iii d. q. exitus coketti ii d.
De Benedicto Burme alienigena pro xvi saccis di. viii clavis

at di. lane in xxxv pokis sub. £xxxvi ii s. id. cust. £viii

vi s. viii d. den. Calesie xi s. i d. ob. q. exitus coketti ii d.
De Thoma Albert' alienigena pro xliiii saccis xiiii clavis di.

lane in iiii" ii pokis sub. £iiii" xv xviii s. ix d. cust. £xxii

ii s. ix d. ob. q. den. Calesie xxix s. vi d. ob. exitus

coketti ii d.
De Perciual Markesan' alienigena pro iiii saccis di. xiiii clavis

di. lane in ix pokis sub. £x vii s. i d. cust. xlvii s. ix d. ob. q.

den. Calesie iii s. ii d. ob. exitus coketti ii d.
De George de Mangon' alienigena pro v saccis et xviii clavis

lane in x pokis sub. £xi xi s. viii d. cust. Iiii s. vi d. den.

Calesie iii s. vi d. ob. q. exitus coketti ii d.
De Gasper Catan' alienigena pro xiii saccis di. xxii clavis lane

in xxviii pokis sub. £xxx iii s. iiii d. cust. £vi xix s. iii d.

den. Calesie ix s. iii d. ob. exitus coketti ii d.

TEE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

643

De Bamardo de AJzate alienigena pro iii saccis xvîî clavis lane
in vi pokis sub, £vii iiii s, ii d. aist. xxxiii s, iii d, ob. den.
Calesie ii s. iii d. exitus coketti ii d.
De Tlioma Browne indigena pro Ixi saccis lane in c v pokis
sub. £ci xiii s. iiii d. cost, £xx vi s, viii d. den, Calesie
x\ s. viii d. exitus coketti ii d.
De Juliano RidellT^ et Juvenc' de la Stufe aiienigenis pro xv
saccis di. xvii clavîs lane in xxxi pokis sub. £xxxiiii v s. x d.
cust- £vii xviii s. iii d. ob. den. Calesie x s. vî d* ob. q.
exitus coketti iiii d.
De Rus de Barde alienigena pro iiii saccis di. xiî clavis di.
lane in divers* matrasez et sakketz sub. £x v s. v d. cust.
xlvii s. v d. ob. den. Calesie iiî s. ii d, exitus coketti ii d,
Summa foUi:

Lana alienigenarum ccc xiii saccî dî. xxv clavi
Custuma £c Ivii i d.
Subsîdium £dc iiii" v s, x d.
Lana indigenarum Ixi saccî
Custuma £xx vi s. viii d.
Subsidium £ci xiii s, iiii d.
Denarie Calesie £xii x s. ii d.
Exitus coketti xii mercatorum ii s.
Totalis folii £dcccc bcxi xviii s. i d.

In galea unde Juvenk* de la Stufe est patronus exeunte eodem

die
De Belezard' de Barde alienigena pro c xliii saccis di. i clavo

di. lane in ce Ixx pokis sub. £ccc x xix s. vii d. cust. £lxxi

XV s. iii d. ob, q. den. Calesie £iiii xv s. viiî d. ob. exitus

coketti ii d.
De Bamardo de Alzate alienigena pro îii saccis viii clavis lane

in vi pokis sub* £vî xvis. vîiid. cust xxxi s. viid. den.

Calesie ii s. i d. ob. exitus coketti ii d.
De Felice de Fauano alienigena pro xx saccis iiii clavis di. în

xl pokis sub. £xliii x s. v d, cust. £x x d. ob. q, den.

Calesie xui s. v d. exitus coketti ii d-

644 ^^^ EAELY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Gasper Catan' alienigena pro xxvii sacds et di. clavo

lane in liii pokis sub. £lviii x s. v d. cust. £xiii x s. i d. q.

den. Calesie xviii s. q. exitus coketti ii d.
De Thomâ Browne indigena pro xxxix sacds lane in bom

pokis sub. £lxv cust. £xiii den. Calesie xxvis. exitus

coketti ii d.
De Thoma Albert alienigena pro xxiii sacds xi clavis lane in

xlii pokis sub. £1 v s. x d. cust. £xi xii s. ii d. den. Calesie

XV s. V d. ob. q. exitus coketti ii d.
De Perciuall' Markesan' alienigena pro v saccis et di. davo

lane in ix pokis sub. £x xvii s. i d. cust. Is. id. q. den.

Calesie iii s. iiii d. q. exitus coketti ii d.
De Fures de Rebate alienigena pro Ixvii saccis xx clavis et di.

lane in c xxiiii pokis sub. £c xlvi v d. cust. £xxxiii xiii s.

xi d. ob. q. den. [Calesie] xliiii s. xi d. ob. q. exitus coketti

iid.
De Benedicto Burmey alienigena pro xvii saccis xiiii clavis

di. lane in xxxv pokis sub. £xxxvii viii s. ix d. cust. £viii

xii s. ix d. ob. q. den. Calesie xi s. vi d. ob. exitus coketti

iid.
De Frandsco Laurenc* alienigena pro x sacds di. xxiiii clavis

di. lane in xxi pokis sub. £xxiii xv s. v d. cust. £v ix s. ix d.

den. Calesie vii s. iii d. ob. q. exitus coketti ii d.
De Juliano Rydolff' et Juvenk' de la Stufe alienigenis pro x

saccis et xx clavis lane in xxi pokis sub. £xxii x s. cust. £v

iiis. xd. q. den. [Calesie] vis. xid. q. exitus coketti

nil d.
De Dimitrio Calfate alienigena pro x clavis lane in i sakkett

sub. viii s. iiii d. cust. xxiii d. q. den. Calesie i d. ob. q.

exitus coketti ii d.
De dicto patrono alienigena pro di. sacco et x clavis lane in ii

sakkettis sub. xxx s. cust. vi s. xi d. q. den. Calesie v d. ob.

q. exitus coketti ii d.
Ex[aminat'] cum rotulis contrarotulatoris
Summa folii:

Lana alienigenarum cccxxvin sacci di. xxi
clavi di.

TSE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES 64$

Custuma £c Ixiiii ix s. v d. q.

Subsidium £dcc xii xu s. xi d.

Lana mdigenarum xxxix sacci

Custuma £x{ii

Subsidium £bcv

Denarie Calesie £xii v s. vî d.

Exitus coketti xiiii mercatorum ii s. iiii d.
Totalis folii £dcccc Lx\'ii x s. ii d. q.
Totalis lanarum £iii'' vii^xxxv ix s. x d. ob. q.

Summa totalis huius libri:
Custfume] et subsidium laae:

Lana alienigenanim mccli saccî di. iiii clavi

di. lane
Costuma £dc xxv xvi s. vii d, ob. q.
Subsidium £mmdcc xi xv s. v d.
Lana indigenamm c btxv sacci
Custuma £lviii vi s. viii d.
Subsidium £cc iiii" xi xiii s. UU d,
Den[ar}ie Calesie £xlvii xi s. viii d.
Exitus coketti xxxv^ii mercatoruiïi vi s. ii d,
P[ar]va ciist[uma] :

Pannus indigenamm sine grano îmucxviil

panni di. xi ulne
Custuma £iiii^ xii ii s. x d. ob.
Pannus alienigenarum sine grano v" DC xxvi

panni v ulne di.
Custuma £dcc Ixxiii xii s. v d. ob. q.
Pannus alienigenarum de di, grano i pannus

viii Wrge
Custuma vii s. vii d. ob. q.
Pannus alienigenarum de scarleta v panni di.

iiii ulne
Custuma xxxi s. x d, q.
Cera aiîenîgenanim c xlvii quintalli î qr. et xx

libre
Custuma £vii vii s. v d, ob.

646 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Worstede dupl' alienigenanim vi pec[ie]
Custuma xvîîî d.

Worstede simpl' alienigenanim vi i>ecie
Custuma ix d.

Worstede di. dupl' alienigenarum iiii lecti
Custuma iii s. vi d.
Sarge simpl' alienigenanmi vi pecie
Custuma ii s. vi d.

Valor alienigenarum £xi^ xxxviii iii s. xi d.
Custuma iii d. de libra £c xxxviii i d. ob.
Subsidium tonnagii et pondagii:

Valor indigenarum et alienigenarum

fxxvi*" bdiii vi s. vii d.
Subsidiiun xii d. de libra £MCCciii iiii s. ix d. ob.
Vinum indigenarum dccdc dolia hoggeshede

tercia pars pipe
Subsidium iii s. de dolio £cvi viii s. iii d.
Vinum alienigenarum c iiii" vi dolia pipa

hoggeshede
Subsidium iii s. de dolio £xxviii iii d.
Viniun duke alienigenarum ccc xliiii dolia

hoggeshede tercia pars pipe
Subsidium vi s. de dolio £c iii vi s. vi d.
Summa recepte coniuncta £vi'' cc iiii"x iiii d. ob. inde
Cust[ume] et subsidium lane cum denariis et

cokettis £111" vii*^ xxxv ix s. x d. ob. q.
P[ar]va cust[uma] £m xiii x s. viii d. q.
Subsidium tonnagii et pondagii £md xl xix s.

ix d. ob.

§ 58. An account of the customs and subsidies on all goods exported
or imported by denizens and Hanseatic merchants or other
aliens y Lynn, 2ç September , 1503 — 28 September y 1504»

All wares exported or imported were subject to at least one
duty whether a custom or a subsidy or both. As usual the im-
ports presented a much greater variety than the exports. Among
the more common imports were timber (fir spars, masts, rafters,

TBE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES 647

bowstaves, clapholt^ wainscots, oars, deals, and Irish boards),
pitch, tar, rosiii, oil, soap, hides^ salt, fish (salted, dry fish, mud-
fish, stockfish, eels, porpoise, and sturgeon), iron, osmond, copper,
wax J dye (grain, woad, madder, and saffron), wine from Gascony,
the Rhine, and La Rochelle, and textiles such as linen cloth,

H Normandy canvas, painted cloth, and cotton. More unusual
commodities imported were playing tables, tankards and drinking
pots, a^un mle, and two dozen Gospels of Saint John valued at a
half-penny a piece. Among the most important kinds of goods
sent abroad were cereals of various kinds, beer, coals, and textiles.
Under the head of textiles we find plain woollen cloth, straits,
Hnen cloth, worsted, and kerseys; also Coven tr>^ caps, girdles,
and thread. In the list of manufactured goods exported there are
several wares which, we suspect, were manufactured abroad, such
as combSj needles, and copper kettles. Some seem, however, to
have been genuinely local manufactures, such as oil cakes and
twelve dozen pairs of shoes,

H There are 271 shipments recorded for the year, distributed thus:

^^^^. DcDlzens , 202

^^^^K Hansc merchants 24

^^^^^ Other aliens 45

Among the most considerable merchants were Jolin Tanne, deni-
zen, with 20 shipments, Richard Amfles, denizen, with 19, Hans
Lutkeher, a Hanseatic merchant, with 9, and Guise Ewaldson,
alien, with 7. London merchants are seen competing for Lynn's
import wine trade, in the case of Gascon wine at least. In this
we may discern London ^s early development into a distributing
centre for practically all England. The lack of a clear distinction
between merchants and shipmasters is obser\'abIe here as so
often before, some shipmasters trading not only in their own
ships but in the ships of others. Of the 127 vessels entering and
leaving, 47 were apparently alien and 80 apparently denizen.
Exact figures are in this case impossible from the nature of the
evidence.

The use of the great hundred of six score is several times
illustrated.

648 THE EARLY ENGUSB CUSTOMS

Perticule perceUe compoti Wîllelmî Grève collectons custum-
[arum] et subsidi[oru]m domini regis in portu de Lenne et singulis
portis [sic] et creds eidem portui adiacentibus videlicet a festo
Sancti Michaelis Archangel! anno regni Regis Henrici Septimi m
usque idem festiun Sancti Michaelis Archangel! anno vicesimo
diet! domini regis ni9ic per unum anniun integrum scilicet in
septem foliis.^

In navi vocata Le Antony de Lenne imde Johannes Maunder-

son' est magister exeunte secundo die Octobris
De Simone Trew indigena pro x pannis lane curtis sine grano

cust. xi s. viii d.
De Willelmo Blower' indigena pro xi! pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xiiii s.

et pro ii barellis talow val. x s. sub. vi d.

De Willelmo Blowfeld indigena pro vi pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. vii s.

De Willelmo Trewe indigena pro xii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xiiii s.

et pro ii fodr[is] plumbi val. £viii sub. viii s.

De Willelmo Dyxson' indigena pro vii pannis lane curtis

sine grano cust. viii s. ii d.

In navi vocata Le Christofer' de Armouth' unde Waltenis
Coppe est magister exeunte quinto die Octobris
De eodem magistro alienigena pro Ix quarteriis avenarum

val. Ixx s.
et pro Ix quarteriis brasii val. £ix
et pro iii pipis here val. xx s.
et pro iii hogges hedes bere val. xiii s. iiii d.

Summa val. £xiîii iii s. iiii d. cust. iii s. vi d. ob. sub.
xiiii s. ii d.

In navi vocata Le Muskett' de Dordright' unde ComeUius
Johnson' est magister exeunte x die Octobris
De Petro Antonyson' alienigena pro iiii" x quarteriis
avenarum val. £vi x s.

» MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 98/16.

TBE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

649

et pro iiii** x quarteriis brasii val. £xiîî x s.
et pro UBO fodro plumbi val. £iiii

Summa [vaL] £xxitii cust. vi s. sub. x^diii s.

In navi vocata Le Katerine de Thomham unde Robertus
Jankyn^ est maglster exeunte eodem die
De Johanne Spens* mdigena pro CLX quarteriis brasii vai
£xxiii sub. xxiii s.

In navi vocata Le Christofer' de Lenna unde Henriois Magnus
est magister exeunte xiiii die Octobris
De Johanne Dawny indigena pro iiii" x quarteriis brasii vaL

£xiii X s.
et pro VÎ chaldriis see colys vah xviii s.

Summa [val] £xiiii viii s* sub. xiiii s. v d. ob.

De navi vocata Le Conner de Camfer' unde Adrianus Comelly-
son* est magister intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro W Jyren^ sparys val. xxx s.
et pro v" et di. wyilow hop pes vaL xx s.
et pro xxviii stalys val iii s, iiii d.
et pro XX virgis panni linei val vi s. viii d.
et pro uno grose cutellorum val iiîi s,
et pro iii*" byllet' val x s.
et pro una barella allecis val vi s* vîîi d,
et pro uno m pavyng tyle val x s.
De Lybert' Arnold alienigena pro ii aume et di. Renysseh'

wyne le aume xx\î s. viii d. val £m vi s. viii d.
et pro ii parvis federbeddes val xîîi s. iiîi d,
et pro uno dussen* et di. cusshyns val x s.
et pro duabus barellîs allecis val xiii s. iiii d.
et pro XXV libris granorum de Portyngale val xiii s. iiii d.
Summa val £x vii s. iiii d. cust. ii s. vii d. q. sub- x s.
îiii d. ob. q.

In navi vocata Le Regent* de Seriksee unde Gtiyse Jacobson'
est magister exeunte xxiii die Octobris
De Adriano Comellyson^ alienigena pro decern pipis bere
val £iii vî s. viii d.

Summa val £iii vi s* viii d, cust. x d. sub. iii s. iiii d.

6so THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

In navi vocata Le Guner de Camfer' unde Adrianus Comelly-
son' est magister exeunte v die Novembris
De eodem magistro alienigena pro v** quarterns brasii val.
£xv
Summa val. £xv cust. iii s. ix d. sub. xv s.
De navi vocata Le George de Kingestonia super Hulle unde
Henricus Hunt' est magister intrante eodem die
De Hugone Warde indigena pro xxii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. £iii vi s.
De Thoma Maynerd indigena pro iiii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xii s.
De navi vocata Le Mary de Lenne unde Willelmus Saunderson'
est magister intrante viii die Novembris
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro iiii** rafters val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro una barella anguillarum val. xx s.
•et pro ii dyker' rawe hydys val. xx s.
De Adam Palmer' indigena pro iiii** rafters val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro una barella anguillarum val. xx s.
De Thoma Haropp' indigena pro i prtu^e cista et xii pruu
skyns peynt[ed] platers dyshis et trenchers val. xiu s. iiii d.
et pro una nest de forcers val. iii s. iiii d.
et pro XXX remis val. vi s. viii d.
et pro tribus barellis anguillarum val. £iii
De Willelmo Botry indigena pro una barella et di. purpose
val. X s.

Summa val. £ix sub. ix s.
Summa partis £xiii xi s. v d.
De navi vocata Le Mary de Cales imde Petrus Elys est magister
intrante eodem die
De Ricardo Mower indigena pro iii vagis salis val. xxx s.
et pro uno lasto et v barellis pissibus saisis val. Ivi s. viii d.
et pro ii maundys cum hatts v cremery wares val. £iii
et pro vi barellis bituminis val. x s.
et pro iii barellis soppe val. xxx s.

et pro quinque buttis vini dulcis ton. iiii s. vi d.

et pro uno fardello de Normandy canvas continente di. c
ulnas val. £iii vi s. viii d.

TEE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

651

et pro uno ferdello continente v^ ulnas panni lane vaL
cuiuslibet centene xxx s, vaL in toto £viî x s.
Summa vaK £xx iii s. iiu d. sub. xx s. ii d.
In oa\T vocata Le Margarett^ de Leime unde Willelmus
Chambre est magister exeunte x\ii die Novembris
De Ricardo Stowle indigena pro v" qtiarteriis brasii val. £x
Summa vaL £x sub. x s.
In navi vocata Le Tomeler de Tergow unde Johannes Folkord-
son' est magister exeunte x\îi die Novembris
De Thoma Burges et Johanne Foster* indigenis pro iiii" x
quarterns brasii vaL £xiii x s. sub. xiii s. vi d.

et pro uno panno lane cur to sine grano cust, xiiii d.

Summa vaL £xiii x s.
De navi vocata Le Trinité de Lenne unde Johannes Herryson'
est magister intrante xxiî die Novembris
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro centum quarteriis siliginis
vaL £x\'i

Summa vaL £xvi sub. xvi s.
De navi vocata Le Bere de Dordright* unde Antonius William-
son* est magister intrante xxix die Novembris
De Gyse Ewaldson' alienigena pro v aume Renysh wyne le

aume xxvi s, viii d- Summa vaL £vi xiii s. iiii d.
et pro viii bareliis snigmats vaL £iiii
et pro quinque lastis bituminis vaL c s,
et pro uno las to allecis vaL £iiii
et pro uno m dr>^nk}Tig potts vaL xxvi s, viii d*
et pro duobus pokys hoppes ponderis vi^ val. xx s.
at pro uno lasto walnotts vaL xxiii s.

Summa vaL £xxiii iii s. cust. v s, ix d, sub. xxiii s. ii d*
In navi vocata Le Antony de Wysebeche unde Johannes
Dyxson* est magister exeunte penultimo die Novembris
De Henrico Avgor indigena pro xvi pipis bere vaL cvis.

viii d.
et pro !x quarteriis avenamm vaL £iiiî

Summa vaL £ix vi s. viii d. sub. ix s. iiii d.
In navi vocata Le Katerine de Dordright' unde Christofer'
Peterson' est magister exeunte primo die Decembris

6S2

THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Andrea Michilson' alienigena pro Ix quarteriis brasnv&L
Jtviu X s.

Summa val, £viii x s, cust. îî s. i d. ob. sub, vîîis. \iA
In navi vocata Le Bere de Dordright' unde Antonius William-
son" [est magister] exeunte secundo die Decembris
De Guyse EwaJdson* alienigena pro duorum [sic] ccntmn
quarteriis brasii val. £xxxvi
Summa vaL £xxxvi cust. ix s. sub. xxxvt s.
De navi vocata Le Magdelyn' de Dordright* unde Ricardns
Drake est magister intrante xv die Decembris
De Guyse Ewaldson' alienigena pro ii lastis soppe vaL £xii
et pro uno lasto bituminis val xx s,
et pro uno lasto picis val. xx s,
et pro ii aume Renysh wyne val liii s, iiii d.
et pro ill pokys hoppes ponderis vi^ librarum val. zx s.
et pro VÎ barellis walnotts val. xU s,
et pro di. lasta allecis val, xl s.

Summa val, £xx vs. iiiid, cust. vs, ob, q, sub. ns.
iii d* q.
De navi vocata Le Andrew de Lenne unde Petrus Howard est
magister intrante xv^iii die Decembris
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro xviii dolus vînî Vasconic

ton, liiii s.
et pro XXX balis wade val £v sub. vs.

De Johanne Tanne indigena pro quinque doliis vini Vascow

ton. ÏV5.

De Johanne Sakfeld et Johanne Brown' de Londonia indî-

genis pro viii doliis vini Vasconiae ton. xxiiiis.

In navi vocata Le Mary de Cales unde Petrus Elys est magister

exeunte X3dii die Decembris

De Ricardo Mower indigena pro CLX quarteriis brasii vaL

£xx\di

Summa vaL £xxvii sub. xxvii s.
De Navi vocata Le Margarett de Lenne imde Willelmus
Davyson est magister intrante xxviii die Decembris
De Willelmo Sakfeld de Londonia indigena pro viii doliis vini
Vasconie ton. xxiiiis.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES 653

De Johanne Brown' de Londonia indigena pro vii doliis vîni

et di. Vasconie ton. xxîî s. vî d.

De Willelmo Dyxson' indigena pro ii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. vi s.

et pro ii balis wade val. xx s. sub. xii d.

De Edwardo Mathew de Londonia [indigena] pro quinque

doliis vini Vasconie ton. xv s.

De Simone Trew indigena pro ii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. vi s.
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro ii doliis et di. vini Vasconie

ton. vii s. vi d.
et pro ii balis wade val. xx s. sub. xii d.

De predicto magistro indigena pro uno dolio vini Vasconie

ton. iii s.
De Ricardo Coo indigena pro uno hogges hede vini ton. ix d.
De Roberto Taylour indigena pro una pipa vini ton. xviii d.
De Johanne Davy indigena pro una pipa vini ton. xviii d.
et pro ii doliis waode val. xx s. sub. xii d.

De Simone Makemayde indigena pro una pipa vini

ton. xviii d.
In navi vocata Le Trinité de Lenne unde Simon Peyntour est
magister exeunte secimdo die Januarii
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro c xxx quarteriis mixtilionis

val. £xxv
et pro Ix quarteriis fabarum val. £vi
et pro XXX quarteriis brasii val. £iiii x s.

Summa val. £xxxv x s. sub. xxxv s. vi d.
De navi vocata Le Trinité de Lenne unde Henricus Magnus est
magister intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro indigena pro uno lasto alleds val. £iiii

sub. iiii s.

et pro uno hogges hede vini ton. ix d.

Summa val. £iiii

De navi vocata Le Barbera de Lenne unde Willelmus Cufforth'

est magister intrante eodem die

De Willelmo Osse indigena pro [sic] et Ricardus Welles pro

XXX doliis vini Vasconie ton. £iiii x s.

654 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Humfredo WoUe indigena pro iiii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xii s.
De Roberto Osse indigena pro iii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. ix s.
De Andrea Trolopp' indigena pro vi doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xviii s.
De Ricardo Peper indigena pro viii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. X3diii s.
De Willelmo Burwell' de Londonia indigena pro x doliis vini
Vasconie ton. xxx s.

De navi vocata Le Mary Fortune de Lenne unde Johannes
Newell' est magister intrante iiii die Januarii
De Ricardo Harde indigena pro [sic] et Willelmo Castell'
indigena pro x doliis vini Vasconie ton. xxx s.

Summa partis £xxxii xv s. i d.
De navi vocata Le Antony de Lenne unde Johannes Maun-
derston' est magister intrante iiii die Januarii
De Willelmo Trew indigena pro xvi balis woode val. £viii

sub. viii s.
et pro X peciis rosen' ponderis iii^ et di. librarum val. vii s.

sub. V d.
De Simone Trewe indigena pro x balis wade val. £v sub. v s.
et pro viii doliis vini Vasconie ton. xxiiii s.

De Edwardo Mathew indigena pro vi doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xviii s.
De Willelmo Blower indigena pro viii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xxiiii s.
De Willelmo Dyxson' indigena pro quinque doliis vini Vas-
conie ton. XV s.
et pro iii balis woode val. xxx s. sub. xviii d.
De Willelmo Blowfeld indigena pro iiii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xii s.
De navi vocata Le Mary de Thomham unde Robertus John-
son' est magister intrante vii die Januarii
De Johanne Spens' indigena pro i hogges hede vini Vasconie

ton. ix d.
et pro xlii ulnis panni linei val. xxi s.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

6S5

et pro c et di, ulnis canvas val 1 s.
et pro c showys val, v s.
et pro xvi lucernîs val. ii s. viii d,
et pro vî paves vaL xii d,

Summa val. £îii xix s. vîii d. sub. iii s, xi d*

De navi vocata Le Dolph^-n* de Lenna unde Walterus Saunder-

son' est magister întrante ix die Januariî

! De Johanne Tanne indigena pro xx doliîs vîni Vasconîe

' ton. £iiî

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro ii hogges hedes vînî Vas*

conie ton. xviii d.

De Thoma Ma>Tierd indigena pro uno dolio vini Vasconie

ton. iii s.
In navi vocata Le Mary de Do rd right* unde Clays Cranke est
magister exeunte eodem die
De Guyse Ewaldson' alienigena pro xl quarteriis rapesed

val. £x
et pro iiîi" quarteriis brasii val, £xiî

[Summa val.] £xxiî cust. v s. vi d. sub. xxii s.
De navi vocata Le Bere de Dordright* unde Antoeius William-
son* est magister intrante xxii die Januarii
De Guyse Ewaldson* alienigena pro iii lastis et di. allecis val.
£xiiii

^et pro uno lasto et di, picis val. xxx s.
et pro vi pipis vacuis val, x s. viii d.
De magistro navis alienigena pro îî pokis hoppes ponderis
vii"^ librarum val. xxiii s. iiii d.
et pro di. barello olii val. vî s, viii d.
Sumnia [vaL] £xvîi x s, vîii d. cust. iiîî s. iiii d. ob. q. sub.
xvii s. vi d. ob.
De Thoma Leyghton* indigena pro uno baie madur ponderis
v^ librarum vaL xxxiii s. iiii d. sub. xx d.

De navi vocata Le Hubert* de Dordright' unde Coppyn* de
Roos est magister întrante xxiii die Januarii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro xii parvis mastis val. xiii s.

iiii d.
et pro uno lasto alleds val. £iiii

6s6 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

et pro vi barellis snigmats val. £iii
et pro iî lastîs pîcîs val. xl s.
et pro uno lasto bituminis val. xx s.
et pro una barella lytmose val. iîi s. iiii d.
et pro ii pokis hoppes ponderis iiii^ val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro ce ollîs rubips] val. x s.

De Johanne Aleyn' alienigena pro ii lastis alleds val. £viii
et pro ii lastis et di. on' pakkyd val. £vi
et pro ii lastis et iii barellis snigmats val. £vii x s.
et pro ii doliis ferri val. £vii

et pro ii pokis hoppes ponderis v*^ librarum val. xvî s. viii d.
Summa [val.] £xli vi s. viii d. cust. x s. iiii d. sub. xli s. iiiid.
In navi vocata Le James de Lenne unde Robertus Watson' est
magister exeunte xxiui die Januarii
De Johanne Burdy indîgena pro ii*^ quarteriîs frumenti val.
£iiii" sub. £iiiî

In navi vocata Le Jenett de Lenne unde Johannes Mayn' est
magister exeimte eodem die
De Johanne Rede indigena pro clx quarteriis ordii val.
£xxiii sub. xxîii s.

De navi vocata Le Margarett de Lenne unde Willelmus
Chambre est magister intrante penultimo die Januarii
De Ricardo Scowle indigena pro ii lastis et di. allecis val. £x

sub. X s.
De navi vocata Le Joost de Dordright' unde Cristianus Wil-
liamson' est magister intrante viii die Februarii
De Johanne Walley alienigena pro vi" pavjoig tyll' val. £îii
et pro ii lastis allecis val. £viii
et pro xiiii barellis piscis val. xlvi s. viii d.
et pro ii brewyng pannys ponderis ce librarum val. £viii
et pro ii^ libris coper ketylles val. £iii
et pro XV fuir ketylles val. xxxiii s. vi d.
et pro ii federbeddes val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro xl virgis cotton' val. xx s.

Summa [val.] £xxvii xiii s. iiii d. cust. vi s. xi d. sub.

xxvii s. viii d.
Sununa partis £xxi vii s. v d. q.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

657

In navi vocata Le Dolphyn' de Lenna unde Johannes Baron*
est magîster exeunte x die Februarii
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro c quarteriis fnimenti vaL

Exxxvi
et pro Ix quarteriis fabarum vai. £vii
De Joharine Parys indigena pro xx quarteriis f rumen ti val.

£vi
et pro XX quarteriis fabarum vaL xliii s. iiii d.
Summa [val.] £li iii s. uii d. sub, li s. ii d.
In navi vocata Le Mary de Lenna unde Willelmus Saunderson*
est magister exeunte eodeni die
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro c quarteriis fabarum vaL

£xiiii
et pro XX quarteriis brasii val, £iu
Summa [val J £xvii sub. xvii s.
In navi vocata Le Andrew de Lenne unde Thomas Huggon* est
magister exeunte xiiii die Februarii
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro decern quarteriis grefie peson
val, xxxiii s. iiii d. sub, xx d.

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro iii pannis lane curtis sine

grano
De Willelmo Osse indigena pro ii pannis lane curtis sine
grano

[Summa] v panni cust, v s. x d.
In navi vocata Le Bere de Dordright* unde Antonius William-
son' est magister exeunte xx die Februarii
De Guyse Ewaldson' alienigena pro xl chaldriîs colys val.

£vi xiii s, iiii d,
et pro uno fodro plumbi val. £iiii

cust, ii s, viii d, sub, x s. viii d.
et pro una pecia worsted val x s. cust, iii d. sub. vi d.

et pro viii quarteriis rapesede val. xxxii s.

cust. V d. sub. XÎX d. q.

■ In navi vocata Le Hubert* de Dordright' unde Cop>Ti' de Roos
H est magister exeunte eodem die

■ De Johanne Alejm' alienigena pro be chaldriis colys vaL £x
I cust. ii s. vi d. sub. x s.

658 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

et pro iiii" quarteriis avenar[ufn] val. £îîiî

cust. xii d. sub. iiii s.

et pro viii virgis panni lane sine grano pro ii togis val. zxvi s.

viii d. cust. xi d. sub. zvi d.

et pro ii hyndlyns vocat' streitt' qui fadimt di. panniun [val.]

xiii s. iiii d. cust. xvi d. ob. sub. viii d.

et pro vi dussenis coopertoriorum val. £vi

cust. xviii d. sub. vi s.
In [sic] navi vocata Le Christofer de Dordright' unde Quade
Coppe est magister intrante xxi die Februarii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro uno lasto alleds val. £iiii
et pro ii lastis et di. shoten heryng' val. £iii
et pro di. lasto pylchard heryng' val. xx s.
et pro XX pedis racemorum val. Iiii s. iiii d.
et pro vi barellis snigmats val. £iii
et pro iiii^ drye fyshe val. xl s.
et pro xii bundellis corke val. vi s. viii d.
et pro X full' ketelles val. xxvi s. viii d.

Summa [val.] £xvii vi s. viii d. cust. iiii s. iiii d. sub.
xvii s. iiii d.
De Georgeo Robert indigena pro ii lastis alleds val. £viii

sub. viii s.

et pro uno hogges bed vini Vasconie ton. ix d.

De Bamardo Simonds indigena pro xx barellis soppe val. £ix

X s. sub. ix s. vi d.

De navi vocata Le Sebastian' de Westapell' unde Willelmus

Michel!' est magister intrante eodem die

De Bartholomeo Stevyns alienigena pro ii lastis alleds val.

£viii
et pro di. lasta schotyn' heryng' val. xx s.
et pro ii pokys hoppes ponderis viii^ librarum val. xxvis.

viiid.
et pro xvi barellis walnotts val. xxxii s.
et pro xviii barellis onyons val. xx s.

Summa [val.] £xii xviii s. viii d. cust. iîî s. ii d. ob. q.
sub. xii s. xi d.
et pro uno hogges hed vini de Rochelle ton. ix d.

TBE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

659

et pro ii full* keteUes val. v s.
et pro di. dolio fern val. xl s.
et pro una barella piscis val, iii s. iiii d,

Summa [valj xlviii s, iiiid. cust. vii d, q. sob. ii s. v d. q.

De navi vocata Le Antony de Wysebcche unde Willelmus
Dyxson' est magister intrante xxîîi die Febmarii
De Henrico Avyer* indigena pro iiii barellis alecis vat xxvi s,

viii d.
et pro ii peciis reysyng^ val. x s.
et pro c Hbris suger val. xx s.

Summa [val.] Ivî s. vîii d. sub. ii s. x d.

In navi vocata Le Joost de Dordright' unde Christianus Wyl-

liamson est magister exeunte primo die Mardi
De Johanne Walley alienigena pro x chaldriis colys val.

xxxiii s. iiiid.
et pro XXX quarteriîs avenanim val. xl s.

Summa [val.] hxîîi s. iiii d, cust. xî d. sub. iii s. viîî d.
Summa partis £ix viii s. iiii d,

Ib navi vocata Le Christofer' de Armouth* unde Walterus
Coppe est magister exeunte quinto die Mardi
De eodem magistro alienigena pro xx chaldriis coles vaL £iii

vi s. vîiî d.
et pro M ôile cakes val xiii s. iiii d.
et pro uno dussen' coopertoriorum val. xx s,

Summa [va).] c s. cust, xv d. sub* v s.
et pro iiii worsteds val. xl s, cust, xiî d. sub. iî s.

In navî vocata Le Bastîan' de Westaple unde Willeknus Cokynt
est magister exeunte vi die Mardi
De Bartholomeo Stephyns alienigena pro xvî chaldriis coles

val. Iiii s. iiiî d,
et pro iî M oîle cakes val. xxvi s. viii d.
et pro iii nests counters val. xxx s.
et pro XX quarteriis fabarum val. Iiii s. iiii d.
et pro XXV quarteriîs avenarum val. xxxiii s. iiii d.

Summa [val.] £ix xvi s. viii d. cust. ii s. v d. ob. sub,
ixs. X d.

66o THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

et pro una pecia worstede val. x s. cust. îîî d. sub. vi d.

et pro uno dussen' coopertoriorum val. xx s.

cust. iii d. sub. xii d.
In [sic] navi vocata Le Anne de Caunfer unde Shipper Magnys

est magister intrante xxi die Mardi
De Roberto Moyses alienigena pro vi^ pisdbus saisis val.

£iiii cust. xii d. sub. iiii s.

In navi vocata Le Christofer de Lenne unde Henricus Magnus

est magister exeunte x die Aprilis
De Johanne Dawny indigena pro vii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. viii s. ii d.

et pro iiii pedis panni linei continentibus c ulnas val. xl s.
et pro iiii lastis barly mele val. xl s.
et pro di. c libris coper ketelles val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro xii par sotulars pro hominibus val. iiii s.
et pro di. lasta butiri val. £iii

Summa [val.] £vii xvii s. iiii d. sub. vii s. xi d.
De Thoma Denry indigena pro viii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. ix s. iiii d.

et pro iii lastis et di. barly mele val. xlvi s. viii d.
et pro iiii pedis panni linei continentibus c ulnas val. xl s.
et pro una pipa vini Vasconie ton. xviii d.

et pro ii dussenis Coventr[e] cappes val. x s.
et pro combes et treen' bedes val. iii s. iiii d.
et pro di. c libris coper' ketelles val. xiii s. iiii d.
Summa [val.] £v xiii s. iiii d. sub. v s. viii d.
De Thoma Waren' indigena pro vi pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. vii s.

et pro di. lasta whete mele val. xii s. sub. vii d. ob.

et pro di. lasta barly mele val. vi s. viii d. sub. iiii d.

et pro una pipa vini Vasconie ton. xviii d.

et pro ii dussenis cappes val. x s.
et pro uno grose cultellorum val. v s.
et pro iiii dussenis ulnarum panni linei val. xx s.
et pro iiii libris fili blodei val. ii s. viii d.
et pro cert* gerdelles et pynnes val. v s.
et pro poyntes nedilles et laces val. vii s.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

66i

et pro xJ libris de coper' ketelles vaL x s.
et pro di, barello melHs vaL vi s> viii d,

Summa (vaL) brvi s, îiiî d. sub. iii s. iiii d.
De navi vocata Le Gorge de Leima unde RicardiJS Grene est
magister intrante xi die Aprilis
De Willelmo Sakfeld* de Londonja indigena pro x doliis vini
Vasconie ton. xxx s.

De [' 1 Cremour de Londonîa indigena pro x doliis vini

Vasconie ton. xxx s.

De Johanne Broun' de Londonia indigena pro vii doliis vini

Vasconie ton, xxi s.

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro vi doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xviii s.
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro ii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. vi s.

et pro iiii balis wode Ival.] xvi s. sub. ix d. ob.

De Ricardo Palmer indigena pro uno dolio vini ton. iii s.

In navi vocata Le Katteryne de Lenne unde Johannes Fuller'

est magister exeunte eodem die

De Johanne Tanne indigena pro vi pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. vii s,

et pro XX quarterijs ordii vaL Hi s. iiii d. sub. li s. viii d,

et pro uno dolio vini Vasconie ton. iii s.

et pro cert' cremety wares val, xl s. sub. ii s.

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro vi pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. vii s.

et pro XX quarteriis ordii val. Iiii s. iiii d. sub, ii s. viii d.

et pro uno dolio vini Vasconie cust. iii s,

et pro cert' cremery wares val. xl s. sub. ii s.

In navi vocata Le Antony de Wisbeche unde Johannes Denyng-

ton* est magister exeunte xxiii die Aprilis

De David' Oreir indigena pro Ixxi choris f rumen ti val. £xiî

sub. xii s»
et pro Ix quarteriis ordii val, £ix sub. ix s.

et pro xxxvi quarteriis fabarum val. £iiii sub, iiii s.

In navi vocata Le Balynger' de Lenna unde Willelmus Cham-
bre est magister exeunte eodem die

662 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Davye indigena pro vîîî" pellium cuniculorum

val. £xvi sub. xvi s.

De Thoma Mason' indigena pro vi pannis lane curtis sine

grano
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro viii pannis lane curtis sine

grano

[Summa] xiiii panni cust. xvi s. iiii d.
et pro ii" pellium cuniculorum val. £iiii sub. iiii s.

De Willelmo Casteir indigena pro xx pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xxiii s. iiii d.

De Willelmo Trewe indigena pro vi dussenis coopertoriorum

val. £vi sub. vi s.

De Lutkjoi' Smeth' de Hansa pro xx pannis lane cortis sine

grano cust. xx s.

et pro iiii dussenis coopertoriorum val. £iiii sub. xii d.

De Thoma Bowsey indigena pro ix pannis lane cortis sine

grano cust. x s. vi d.

et pro ii" pelliiun coimiculorum val. £iiii sub. iiii s.

De Johanne Westerfeld' indigena pro quinque pannis lane

cortis sine grano cust. v s. x d.

et pro ii dussenis coopertoriorum val. xl s. sub. ii s.

Summa partis £xvii vi s. ob.
In navi vocata Le Trinyte de Lenna unde Wallterus Sanderson'

est magister exeunte xxiii die Aprilis
De Johanne Davy indigena pro xix pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xxii s. ii d.

et pro iiii" pellium cuniculorum val. £viii sub. viii s.

De Lutkyn' Smyth' de Hansa pro xxx pannis lane curtis

sine grano cust. xxx s.

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro quinque pannis lane curtis

sine grano cust. v s. x d.

et pro M pellibus cuniculorum val. xl s. sub. ii s.

De Humfredo WoUe indigena pro v" pellium cuniculorum

val. £x sub. X s.

et pro xiiii pannis lane curtis sine grano cust. xvi s. iiii d.
De Willelmo Casteir indigena pro xxx pannis lane curtis

sine grano cust. xxxv s.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

663

et pro ii" pellium cuniculorum vaL Xiiii sub, iiii s.

De Petro Snowbair indigena pro vtii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust, ix s. iiii d,

et pro M pellium cunicubnim vaL xl s. sub. ii s.

De Wiilelmo Trewe indigena pro uu pelUum cuniculorum

va!. £iiii sub. uU s,

et pro viii pannis lane curtis sine grano cust. ix s. iiii d.

De Wiilelmo Amfles indigena pro vi" pellium cuniculorum

vaL £xii sub. xiî s.

et pro il foderis plumbi vaL £viii sub, viii s.

et pro iiii dussenis coopertorionim vaL £iiii sub. iiii s.

De Thoma Grenewey indigena pro vii pannis lane curtis

sine grano et ii kerseys sub. ix s.

In navi vocata Le John^ de Lenna unde Willelmus Davyson'

est magister [exeunte] eodem die
De Lutkyn' Smeth' de Hansa pro xxx pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xxx s,

De Simone Trewe indigena pro vi pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. vii s.

et pro vi coopertoriis vaL x s, sub. vi d.

et pro c pellibus cuniculorum vaL iiii s. sub. iii d.

De WiUelmo Trewe indigena pro M pellibus cuniculorum vaL

xl s. sub. ii s.

et pro xii pannis lane curtis sine grano cust. xiiii s.

De Thoma Greneway indigena pro vii pannis lane curtis

sine grano et ii carseys cust. ix s.

De Wiilelmo Dixson' indigena pro u pellibus cuniculorum

vaL xl s. sub. li s.

et pro quinque pannis lane curtis sine grano cust. vs. x d.
De Johanne Westerfeld' indigena pro iii pannis lane curtis

sine grano cust. iii s. vi d.

et pro ii dussenis coopertorionim val, xl s, sub, 11 s.

et pro iiii'^ pellibus cuniculorum vaL xx s, sub. xii d.

In navT vocata Le Kateryne de Lenne unde Edwardus Cony est

magister exeunte ultimo die Aprilis
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro viii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust* ix s* iiii d.

664 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

In navi vocata Le Clement de Lenne unde Willelmus Cusforth'
est magister exeunte iiii die Maii
De Johanne Tregge indigena pro quinque lasts barly mele
val. £v sub. vs.

et pro VÎ barellis whete mele val. xîî s. sub. vu d. q.

et pro XV pannls lane curtis sine grano cust. xvii s. vi d.
et pro xl virgis panni linii val. xiii s. iiii d. sub. viii d.

In navi vocata Le James de Welles unde Johannes Simson' est
magister exeunte vi die Maii
De Tboma Butler' indigena pro iiii** quarteriis ordii val.
£xii sub. zii s.

In navi vocata Le Jenet de Lenna unde Johannes Makyn' est
magister exeunte eodem die
De Johanne Burdy indigena pro c pétris ceby val. £uii

sub. iiii s.

et pro ii barellis trane val. xx s. sub. xii d.

De navi vocata Le Nechelas de Wisahe [unde] Johannes Hat-

feld' est magister intrante xi die Maii

De Nicholao Smyth' indigena pro vi doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xviii s.

In navi vocata Le Jenet' de Lenna unde Olmerus Edylyne est

magister exeunte eodem die

De Johanne Burdy indigena pro cxxx quarteriis fabamm

val. £xx sub. xx s.

et pro vi barellis picis val. x s. sub. vi d.

et pro ÎÎ saccis hoppes pendens vii*^ librarum val. xxxiiis.

iiii d. sub. xx d.

In navi vocata Le Necholas de Lenna unde Johannes Smyth'

est magister exeimte xiiii die Maii

De Willelmo Dey indigena pro xxx quarteriis fnmienti val.

£viii sub. viii s.

De navi vocata Publican' de Dordright' unde Adrianus

Janson' est magister intrante eodem die

De Johanne van' Lce(?) alienigena pro x vagis salis val. £v

cust. XV d. sub. V s.

et pro uno bale madour ponderis vi*^ librarum [val.] xiii s.

iiii d. cust. ii d. sub. viii d.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

66s

et pro 11 picUs diaper' continentibus xxx ulnas pr, le ulne x d,

vaL XXV s* cust. îîi d. ob, q. sub. xv d.

et pro iî federbeddes vaL xx s, cust. iii d. sub. xii d.

et pro c ulnis panni linei le ulne v d. val. xliii s. iiii d.

cust* vi d. ob. sub. il s. îi d,
et pro vi^ vîrgîs Uni contineutibus ^ le virga v d. val. 1 s.

cust. vîi d. ob. sub. ii s. vî d.
et pro xiî peynUd clothes val x s. cust. i d. ob, sub. vi d.
De Rîcardo Strales indigena pro i sake hoppes ponderis iiii*^

librarum val. xiîi s. iiii d, sub. viii d.

et pro una barella cum ii laves suger val îi s. sub. i d. q.
et pro ii Ubris croci val. vii s. sub. îiîi d. q.

et pro viii libris piperîs val viii s. sub. iiii d. ob.

et pro XXX librîs grerme gynger val x s. sub. vi d.

et pro îi libris cloves et mac[es] val iiii s. sub. ii d. q.

et pro îi librîs gynger' val iiii s. sub. ii d. ob.

et pro ii parvis barellis iryacle val iiii s. sub. îi d. q,

Summa partis £xix v s. iîi d. ob.
De Johanne Harryson* alienigena pro drynkyng glasses val

xxvi s. viii d,
et pro iiii'^ orenges val. iii s.
et pro XXV libris triade val iiii s.
et pro XXV libris grene gynger val viii s.
et pro di. lagena aque vite vaL xii d.
et pro uno coopertorîo val vi s. viii d.
et pro ii presses pro cappes val xii d.
et pro ii dussenis laten ryngs val xii d.
et pro ii dussenis galy platers val ii s.

Summa [val] lîiî s. iiii d. cust. viii d. sub. ii s. viii d.
De navî vocata Le Nicholas unde Johannes Thomson* est

magîster intrante xvi die Maii
De Johanne Burdy indigena pro iîi" piscîum salsorum val

£xx sub, XX s.

De navi vocata Le James de Lenna unde Robertus Watson' est
fc magister intrante xxîi die Maii

1 Obviously ao imperfect entry.

666 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Johanne Grendell' indigena pro xxxiiii doliis ferri val.

£c ii sub. c ii s.

In navi vocata Le John' de Lenna [unde] Ricardus Gr^ie est

magister exeunte xxv die Maii
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro iiii" quarteriis f abarum val.

£x xiii s. iiii d.
et pro XV quarteriis frumenti val. £iiii

Summa [val.] Jtxmi xm s. mi d. sub. xmi s. vui d.
Tn navi vocata Le Nicholas de Lenna unde Johannes Thomson'

est magister exeunte eodem die
De Johanne Rede indigena pro Ix quarteriis frum^iti val.

£xx
et pro Ix quarteriis ordii val. £viii
Sunmia [val.] £xxviii sub. xxviii s.
De navi vocata Le George de Dansyk unde Henricus Surllyng

est magister intrante ultimo die Maii
De Hans Lutkeher' de Hansa pro xvi^ wajmscotts val. £xvi
et pro iiii lastis cineris val. £iiii
et pro quinque lastis osmondi val. £xx
et pro Ixvii deles val. xxi s. iiii d.

[Summa val.] £xli xvi d. cust. x s. iii d. q.
at pro X parvis poc[is] cere continentibus iiii*^ libras val. £viii

cust. iiii s.
et pro VÎ barellis trane val. £iii
et pro uno pakk' lini val. £v

et pro Ix bunches bowstaves continent' viii*^ val. £iii
at pro ii nests counters val. xx s.
et pro iiii^ remis val. £iîii
et pro viî lastis bituminîs [val.] £vii
et pro iii lastis et viii barellis pîcis val. £iiii vi s. viii d.
Da magistro pradîcte navis de Hansa pro iii*^ et di. claphoUe

val. £iii x s.
et pro ii^ et dî. at xxvii remis val. lîîi s. iiii d.
at pro ii lastis et di. bituminis val. 1 s.
at pro una libra et di. ambri val. £iîî
et pro iii quarteriis et xviii bundellis lini val. £iii vi s. viii d.
et pro Ixxv treys val. xii s. vi d.

TBE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

667

et pro c wa>iiscotts val xx s.

et pro ill nests counters vaL xxx s.

et pro nests cistarum vaK x s.

et pro îiî cistis cum lino val. xiii s. iiii d.

et pro una cista cum irenchours vaL vi s. viii d.

et pro una cista cum ii pruce foceris val, iii s. iiii d.

et pro uno quarterio Uni val. xxv s.

et pro îiiî scokes trenchours vaL ii s.

et pro di. c candelF woke vaL iii s. iiii d.

et pro di. scoke peper* quemes vaL xx d.

et pro ii lewts vaL iii s.

Summa [vaL] £xlviii xvii s. vi d, cust. xii s. ii d. ob.
In navi vocata Le Christofer* de Lenna unde Robertus Davison
est magister exeunte priirio die Junii
De Thoma Thorysby indigena pro iiii**x quarteriis brasii
vaL £xv sub. xv s,

et pro vii quarteriis et di. frumenti val. xlvi s.

sub. ii s. iiii d.

De Johanne Burdy indigena pro v*^ quarteriis fabarum vaL

JExiii VÎ s. viii d. sub. xiii s. iiii d.

De [sic] navi vocata Le James de Lenna unde Robertus Watson'

est magister exeunte eodem die

De Johanne Burdy indigena pro cc quarteriis frumenti val.

£lxxii sub. Ixxii s.

De navi vocata Le Blyth' unde Andrias Pygot est magister

intrante vi die Junii

De Willelmo Dey indigena pro viii vagis salis vaL £iiii

sub. iiii s.
In navi vocata Le Pelycan' de Dordright' unde Adrianus
Johnson' est magister exeunte eodem die
De Johanne WoUey alienigena pro xx chaldre coles vaL £iii
vi s. viii d. cust. x d. sub. iii s. iiii d.

In navi vocata Le Margarite de Lenne unde Johannes Mayn'
est magister exeunte eodem die
De Johanne Rede indigena pro x quarteriis frumenti val. £iiî
et pro X quarteriis siliginis vaL xxxiii s. iiii d.
et pro X quarteriis ordii vaL xxx s*

668 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

et pro xl quarteriis brasii val. £viii

Summa [vaL] £xiii xiii s. iiii d. sub. xiii s. viii d.
In navi vocata Le Mary de Lenna unde Robertus Josse est
magister exeunte vii die Junii
De Thoma Bowsey indigena pro quinque pannis lane curtis
sine grano cust. v s. x d.

Summa partis £xvi ii s. ix d. ob. q.
De navi vocata Le Dolphyn' de Lenna unde Johannes Baron'
est magister entrante vii die Junii
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro x doliis /am val. £xxx
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro iiii doliis farri val. £xu
De Johanne Parys indigena pro iiii doliis farri val. £xu
De Simone Trewe indigena pro v doliis farri val. £xv
et pro vi barellis wode val. x s.

Summa [vaL] £lxix x s. sub. bdx s. vi d.
De navi vocata Le Trynyte de Lenna unde Symon Peyntour
est magister intrante viii dye Junii
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro xxiiii doliis vini Vasconie

ton. Ixxii s.

et pro 1 balis wode val. £v sub. v s.

In navi vocata Le Bastyan' de Westaple unde Bate Stephyn-

son' est magister exeimte xi die Junii

De eodem magistro [alienigena] pro xviii chaldriis coles val.

£iii cust. ix d. sub. iii s.

at pro XV quarteriis avenarum val. xx s.

cust. iiid. sub. xiid.

De Ricardo Flaxby indigena pro x pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xi s. viii d.

In navi vocata Le Mary de Vermouth' unde Willelmus Gryse

est magister exeunte xx die Junii

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro iiii" quarteriis fabarum val.

£x xiii s. iiii d.
et pro XX quarteriis mixtilionis val. Iiii s. iiii d.
et pro XX quarteriis brasii val. xl s.

Summa [val.] £xv v s. viii d. sub. xv s. iiii d.

De Johanne Yan' alienigena pro mm pdlibus cuniculorum val.

£iiii cust. xii d. sub. iiii s.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

669

De navi vocata Le Mary Tantort' unde Waltems Reynold' est
magister intrante xxiiii die Junii
De Rycardo Ajnfles indigena pro viii doliis vrni Vasconie

ton. xxiiii s.
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro vii doliis vmi Vasconie

ton. xxi s.
De Rogero Baker indigena pro iii doliis vînî Vasconie

ton. ix s,
et pro XXX barellis wode vaL £v x s. sub. v s. vi d.

et pro viii cakes rosen' ponderis viii*^ librarum val xiiii s.

sub. viii d. ob. q.
De Simone Trewe indigena pro vi doliis vini Vasconie

ton. xviiis.
De Willelmo Osse indigena pro x doliis vtni Vasconie

ton. XXX s.

De Ricardo Peper* indigena pro iii hoggesheddes vini

Vasconie ton. ii s. iii d.

De magistro navis [indigena] pro una bale wode val. iiii s.

[sub.] ii d. ob.
In navi vocata Le Dolphyn' de Lenna unde Johannes Baron' est
magister exeunte eodem die
De Johanne Taojie indigena pro v" quarteriis frumenti vaL

£xxx
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro xl quarteriis frumenti val.

£xîi vi s. viii d.
De Johanne Parys indigena pro xl quarteriis frumenti val,
£xii VÎ s. viii d.

Summa fval.J £liiii xiii s, iiii d. sub. liiii s, viii d.
De navi vocata Le Ryaunte de Armouth' unde Quade Coppe est
magister intrante xxv die Junii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro viii vagis salis val. £iiii
et pro uno dolio ferri val. £iii vi s. viii d.
et pro xii peciis panni lane continentibus c iiii" ulnas le ulne

iiii d. val. £iii
et pro iii p3.Tvis federbedde lykes val. x s,
et pro iiii rolles de hayer' val. x s.

Summa [val.] £xi vi s, viii d. cust. ii s. x d. sub. xi s. iiii d.

670 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

In navi vocata Le Mary de TbychowoU' unde WiUelmus
Wrenche est magister exeunte eodem die
De Roberto Straunge indigena pro cc quarteriis brasii vaL
£xxxvi vitell' pro Gjmys pro Nicholao Waflfe knyght'
In navi vocata Le Gregory de Lenna unde Willelmus Cramp'
est magister intrante xxviii die Junii
De Ricardo Palmer indigena pro xi vagis salis val. £vi
et pro iiii^ ulnis canvas le c xxvi s. viii d. val. £v vi s. viiid.
Simmia [vaL] £xi vi s. viii d. sub. xi s. iiii d.
De navi vocata Le Amony de Wisbeche unde Johannes Doning-
ton' est magister intrante primo die Julii
De David' Orell' indigena pro iiii^ EHssK barde val. xl s.
et pro vi mantellis de Hibemia val. xiii s. iiii d.
Sunmia [val.] Iiii s. iiii d. [sub.] ii s. viii d.
In navi vocata Le Ryaunte de Armouth' unde Quade Coppe est
magister exeunte vii die Julii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro xxiiii chaldre cottes val.
£iiii cust. xii d. sub. iiii s.

et pro i panno lane et di. curto sine grano [val.] xxxs.

cust. iiii s. i d. ob. sub. xviii d.
et pro ii dussenis coopertoriorum val. xl s.

cust. vi d. sub. ii s.

In navi vocata Le Lambright' de Dordright' unde Willelmus

Williamson' est magister exeunte eodem die

De eodem magistro alienigena pro ii pannis lane curtis sine

grano [val.] xl s. cust. v s. vi d. sub. ii s.

In navi vocata Le Antony de Lenna unde Johannes Manderson'

est magister exeunte ix die Julii

De Willelmo Trewe indigena pro octo pannis lane curtis

sine grano cust. ix s. iiii d.

et pro iiii carseys et iii whittes stretts val.^ qui fadunt i

peciam ii kerseys di. cust. ii s. ii d. ob.

et pro iii dussenis coopertoriorum val. £iii sub. iii s.

De Johanne Mors indigena pro xii carseys continent' * iiii

pannos lane curtos sine grano cust. ix s. iiii d.

et pro iii pannis lane curtis sine grano cust. iii s. vi d.

^ Obviously an imperfect entry. ' The manuscript has amtr.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

671

De Alexandro Wyot mdigena pro im paaiiis lane curtis sine

grano cust. iiii s. viii d,

et pro viii pannis lane strict[is] val.^ cust, ix s, iiii d.

De Ricardo Harde indigena pro quinque paimis lane curtis

sine grano cust, v s, x d.

et pro X karseys cust. iii s. xi d.

et pro xii dussenis coopertoriorum val. £xii sub. xii s.

Summa partis £xxiii x s. ix d. q.

In dicta navi vocata Le Antony de Lenna

De Willelmo Dey indigena pro x karseys et iii dussenis brodes

panni lane curti sine grano continent' iiii pannos 1 kersey

cust. V s, i d,
et pro uno fodro plumbi val, £iiu sub* iiii s.

De navi vocata Le Blythe de Lenna unde Andreas Pygott est
magister exeunte x die Julii
De Willelmo Dey indigena pro xii chaldriis colys val. xl s.
et pro iii fodris plumbi val. £xii

[Summa] sub. xiiii s,
et pro vii kerseys continent' ii pannos lane et di. et i pannum
lane curtum sine grano cust. vi s. x d.

De navi vocata Le Chris tofer de Dansk unde Step ban us Broke
est magister intrante xiii die Julii
De Clayse Man' de Hansa pro xxv^ waynscotts val. £xxv
et pro uno grette c clapold val. xl s.
et pro ii nests countours vaL xx s.
et pro uno lasto bituminis val. xx s.
et pro iiii scfiomakers bordis val. xii d.
et pro una dsta cum iii scok trencherys val. iii s. iiii d.
Summa [val.] £xxix iiii s. iiii d. cust. vii s. iii d. ob. q.
De navi vocata Le Bere de Dordright^ unde Antonius William-
son' est magister intrante xv die Julii
De Guyse Ewaldson' alienigena pro v** pavyng tyir val 1 s.
et pro v*^ mudfysh' vaL 1 s.
et pro viii bolts canvas^ vaL liii s. iîîî d.
et pro M drynkyng potts vaL xx s.
et pro i poke hoppes ponderis ii^ et di. val. viii s.

* Obviously an imperfect entry.

672 THE EARLY ENGLISH CUSTOMS

et pro ii balls madre val. xx s.

et pro iii balys mull' madre val. xiii s. iiii d.

et pro uno lasto et di. bituminis val. xxz s.

et pro ii lastis pids val. xl s.

et pro quinque bu[n]dellis famies val. viii s. iiii d.

et pro iii dussenis markett basketts val. ii s. vi d.

et pro vi barellis soppe val. £iii

De magistro navis alienigena pro di. lasta pids val. x s.

et pro ii dussenis markett basketts val. xx d.

Summa [val.] £xviii vii s. ii d. cust. iiii s. vi d. q. sub.
xviii s. iiii d. q.
In navi vocata Le Dragon' de Dordright' unde Robertus
Johnson' est magister exeunte xxiiii die Julii
De eodem magistro alienigena pro xxx dialdriis colys val. £v

cust. XV d. sub. v s.
et pro uno panno lane curto sine grano [val.] xxx s.

cust. ii s. ix d. sub. xviii d.
De navi vocata Le Mary de Lenne unde Robertus Josse est
magister intrante xxvi die Julii
De Thoma Bowsey indigena pro viii** raufters val. £iiii
et pro xl copullis fyren' sparys val. xx s.
Summa [vaL] c s sub. v s.
In navi vocata Le Bere de Dordright' unde Antonius William-
son' est magister exeunte eodem die
De Guyse Ewaldson' alienigena pro xxx chaldriis colys vaL

£v
et pro vi coopertoriis val. x s.

Summa [val.j c x s. cust. xvi d. ob. sub. v s. vi d.
De navi vocata Le Peter' de Lenna unde Willelmus Cham-
berleyn' est magister intrante ultimo die Julii
De Willelmo Trewe indigena pro ix barellis osmondi val. £iii
et pro ii lastis lini val. £viii
et pro iii barellis anguillarum val. £iii
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro ii di. pakis lini val. £v
et pro vi barellis osmondi val. xl s.
et pro ii nests countours val. xx s.
De Ricardo Harde indigena pro vi barellis osmondi val. xl s.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

673

ct pro ÎÎÎ di, packys Uni val, £vîi x s.

et pro uftû barello sturgeon' vaL xxvi s. viîi d*

et pro quînque pedis wax ponderis ii^ librarum [valj £vî

De Johaiîne Davy mdîgena pro iiii trendell' wax ponderis ce

librarum [valj £iiii
et pro iî di. pakîs lini val. £v
et pro vi barellis osmondi vaL xl s.

De Vmfrido WoUe indigena pro vi barellis osmondi val. xl s»
et pro dî. pake Iîbî val. 1 s.
et pro ii nests coun tours val, xx s,
et pro ii pedis wax ponderis c et di. librarum [val] bt s.
et pro una barella sturgeon' val. xxvi s. viii d.
De Simone Trewe indigena [pro] vi barellis osmondi val. xl s,
et pro dî. pake lini val. 1 s,
et pro ii nests coun tours val. xx s.
De Thoma HarboteU' indigena pro ii barellis anguillanim

val, xl s.
De Thoma Bowsey indigena pro ii pedis wax ponderis c

librarum [val.] xl s.
et pro une lasto lini val. £iiii
et pro vî barellis osmondi val. xl s.
et pro ii barellis sturgeon^ val. liiî s. iiii d.
De Willelmo Dyxson' indigena pro iî pakis linî val £x
et pro vi barellis osmondi val. xl s.

Summa [val] fiiii^ix xvi s. viii d, sub. £îiii ix s. x d*
Summa partis £viii xii s. iii d. ob. q.
De navi vocata Le Trinité de Lernie unde Robertus Saunder-

son' est magister intrante ultimo die Julii
De Willelmo Amfles indigena pro vî barellis osmondi val xl s.
et pro ii dî. pakîs linî val £v
et pro v"^ lîbrîs botolf iron* val x s,
et pro iiii pedis wax ponderis ii*^ librarum [val] £iiiî
et pro XV parîis pla^Tig tabyll* val v s.
De Willelmo Trew indigena pro ix barellis osmondi val £iiî
et pro ii di. pakis linî val £v
et pro ii^ et dî. lîbrîs wax [val] £v
et pro v^ libris botolf iron' val x s.

674 ^^^ EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro x barellis osmondi val. £ui
VÎ s. viiî d.

et pro ii di. pakis lini val. £v

et pro iiii barellis anguillarum val. £mi

et pro iiii barellis sturgeon' val. £v vi s. viii d.

De Ricardo Hard indigena pro uno lasto osmondi val. £iiii

et pro ii barellis sturgeon' val. Iiii s. iiii d.

et pro iiii di. pakis lini val. £x

et pro viii pedis wax ponderis iiii*^ librarum [vaL] £viii

et pro XX cagges anguillarum val. 1 s.

et pro ii barellis anguillarum val. xl s.

De Johanne Davy indigena pro vi pedis wax ponderis ii^
librarum [val.] £iiii

et pro ii di. padds lini val. £v

et pro uno lasto lini val. £iîiî

et pro una barella et viii cagges anguillarum val. xl s.

et pro una barella sturgeon' val. xxvi s. viii d.

De Vmfrido WoUe indigena pro uno lasto osmondi val. £iiii

et pro iii di. packis lini val. £vii x s.

et pro xii cagges anguillarum val. xxx s.

et pro vi trendell' cere ponderis iiii*^ librarum val. £viiii

De Petro Snowball' indigena pro uno lasto osmondi val. £iiii

et pro ii lastis lini val. £viîi

Summa [val.] £c xxi viii s. iiii d. sub. £vi xvii d.

De Hans Ludkeher' de Hansa pro c xviii peciis coper' pon-
deris c et di. librarum val. xv s. cust. ii d. q.
De navi vocata Le John' de Lenna unde Willelmus Davyson*
est magister intrante eodem die

De Willelmo Trewe indigena pro ix barellis osmondi val. fiii

et pro ii pakis et di. lini val. £xii x s.

et pro una barella sturgeon' val. xxvi s. viii d.

et pro viii cagges anguillarum val. xx s.

et pro uno nest countours val. x s.

De Vmfrido Wolle indigena pro una barella anguillarum val.
XX s.

De Simone Trewe indigena pro vi barellis osmondi val. xl s.

et pro uno pak lini val. £v

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

67s

et pro ii nests countours val xx s.

De Cristofero Brodbank' indigena pro ii lastis lini val. £viii

et pro x\' barellis osmondi val. £v

De Thoma Greneway indigeaa pro dl. lasta osmondi vaL xl s.

et pro c bowstavys val. xx s,

Summa [val,]' £xliii vi s, vUi d. sub. xliii s. iiii d.
De Hans Lutkeher' de Hansa pro î pecîa et ii brokyn' peciis
copr[i] ponderis if vaL xx s. cust. iîi d.

De Willelmo Dyxson indigena pro î pak et di, Itni val £vii x s.
et pro iiii nests countours vaL xl s.
et pro vlii barellis anguxllanim val. £viii
et pro ii barellis sturgeon' val. Iiii s, iiii d.

Summa [val.] £xx îîî s, iiii d. sub. xx s. ii d.
In navî vocata Le Trinité de Lenna unde Edwardus Abbott est
magister exeunte ultimo die Julii
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro c quarteriis fabarum vaL

£xvi
et pro XXX quarteriis brasii val. £iiii xiîî s. iiii d.
Summa [vaLJ £xx xiii s, iiii d. sub. xx s, viii d.
In navi vocata Le Christofer de Dansyk* unde Stephanus Brok
est magister exeunte li die Augusti
De eodem magistro de Hansa pro uno panno lane curto sine

grano

De Clayce Man de Hansa pro iiii pannis lane curtis sine grano

[Summa] v panni cost, v s.

De navi vocata Le Barbera de Medylburgh^ unde Petrus

Antonyson* est magister intrante xii die Augusti

De Johanne Herryson alienigena pro una lagena aque vite

val. îii s.
et pro dryiik>Tig glassys val. xxvi s, vîîi d.
et pro îi dussenis gyrdelles val. îiii s,
et pro îî lutes val. iîi s. iiu d.
et pro îi dussenis Sent' Johannis GospeUys val. xii d.
et pro xl libris grene gynger' val x s.
et pro xl libris treacle val. vî s. vîii d*
et pro quinque peyntyd clothis de yerd square val. iîi s, îiii d,
Summa [val.] Ivîii s, cust- vu d. ob. q, sub. ii s. xi d.

676 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De navi vocata Le Margaret de Dansyk' unde Whyk Bertson'
est magister intrante xv die August!
De Hans Lutkeher' de Hansa pro xv^ waynscotts vaL £xv
et pro Î greU c et di. quarteriis clapholts val. xxxv s.
et pro iii^ et xv remis val. xlii s.
et pro viii lastis pids val. £viii
et pro quinque lastis bituminis val. £v

[Summa val.] £xxxi xvii s. cust. vii s. zi d. ob.
et pro XÎ pedis cere ponderis vii^ et di. librarum val. £xv

cust. vii s. vi d.
De navi vocata Le Christofer de Lenna unde Henricus Magnus
est magister intrante xx die Augusti
De Johanne Dawny indigena pro vii lastis fungie val. £xxxv
De magistro navis indigena pro ii lastis fungie val. £x
De Thoma Drowry indigena pro v lastis fungie val. £xxv
De Henrico Watson' indigena pro ii lastis fungie val. £x
Summa [val.] £iiii** sub. £iiii
Summa partis £xv ii s. vi d. ob.
De navi vocata Le Clement de Lenna unde WiUelmus Cufforth
est magister intrante eodem die
De Johanne Tregge indigena pro quinque lastis fungie val.

£xxv
De Thoma Crawthom' indigena pro iiii lastis fungie val.
£xx
Summa [val.j £xlv sub. xlv s.
In navi vocata Le Margarett de Dansyk' unde Whyk Bertson'
est magister exeimte xxiii die Augusti
De Edwardo Olyjff' de Hansa pro ii pannis lane curtis sine
grano cust. ii s.

et pro xiii coopertoriis val. xxi s. viii d. cust. iii d. q.

In navi vocata Le John' de Lenna unde Robertus Scowle est
magister exeunte xxiiii die Augusti
De Willelmo Laurance indigena pro vi** quarteriis rapesede
val. £xlviii sub. xlviii s.

De navi vocata Le Katerine de Welles unde Johannes Fuller'
est magister intrante xxvii die Augusti
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro iiii lastis fungie val. £xx

TEE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES 677

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro iîiî lastîs fungie val. £xx
Somma [val,] £xl sub* xl s*
De navi vocata Le Amie de Dansyk' Ende Thomas Geler* est

magister intrante eodem die
De Johamie Tamie indigena pro H packis et di* lini val. £xii
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro quinque lastis bituminis vaL

£v
et pro vi barellis picis val. x s.
et pro vi barellis cinemin vaL x s.
et pro di. pak' lini val. 1 s.
et pro ce wajTiscotts vaL xl s.
et pro uno grett c clapholts val. xx s.
et pro di. c remis val. xx s.
De Johanne Davy indigena pro qubque lastis bituminis val,

£v
et pro VÎ barellis picis vaL x s.
et pro vi barellis cinemm vaL x s.
et pro di. pak^ Uni val. 1 s.
et pro ii*^ wajTiscotts vaL xl s.
et pro uno grett c daphold val. xx s.
et pro di. c remis val. xx s.

Summa [vaLj £xxxvu sub. xxxvii s.
De Hans Lutkeher* de Hansa pro xxiii peciis cere ponderis

xvi*^ librarum et dL [vaL] £xxxiii oust xvi s. vi d.

De Hans Struder' de Hansa pro i nest countours vaL x s*

cust, i d. ob.
et pro iii nests dstanim val. x s.
et pro îîi barellis bituminis vaL v s.
et pro dL libra de ambro vaL xx s.
et pro ix barellis osmondi vaL £iiî

(Summa vaL] £iiii xv s. cust. xiiii d. q,
et pro c librîs cere val. xl s. cust, xii d.

et pro iii barellis cinerum vaL vi s. vîii d.
et pro iii cistîs val. iii s. iiiî d.
et pro uno lasto bituminis val. xx s.
et pro vi pariis playng tabylles val. xiid.
De predicto magistro de Hansa pro ii nests countours val.xx s.

678 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

et pro uno lasto pids et bituminis val. x s.
[Summa val.] bd s. cust. ix d. q.
De navi vocata Le George de Dansyk' unde Otto Meyr* est

magister intrante eodem die
De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro iii^ waynscotts val. £m

et pro uno grett c clapholts val. xx s.

et pro uno lasto pids val. xx s.
De Johanne Westfeld indigena pro quinque lastis pids et

bituminis val. £v
et pro v*^ wajmscotts val. £v
et pro di. grett c clapholts val. x s.
et pro iiii cagges anguillarum val. x s.

[Summa val.] £xvi sub. xvi s.
De magistro navis de Hansa pro ii lastis et di. pids val. 1 s.

cust. vii d. ob.
De Hans Lutkeher' de Hansa pro xx trendell' cere ponderis

xxi^ librarum val. £xlii cust. xxi s.

De navi vocata Le Anne de Dansyk unde Vrbanus Some est

magister intrante eodem die
De Hans Lutkeher' de Hansa pro v*^ wajmscots val. £v
et pro uno nest countours val. x s.
et pro uno singler' coimtour val. iii s. iiii d.
et pro xix barellis osmondi val. £vi vi s. viii d.
at pro xxix lastis picis et bituminis val. £xxix
et pro x pakis lini val. £1
at pro ÎÎ di. pakis lini val. £v

at pro iii lastis bowstavys et viii bundellis val. Ixxiii s. iiii d.
De magistro navis de Hansa pro quinque lastis cinerum val.

£v
at pro vii lastis bituminis val. £vii
et pro ii*^ at i quarteriis clapholts val. xlv s.
et pro ÎÎ nasts countours val. xx s.
at pro uno nest cistarum val. iii s. iiii d.
at pro una cista val. xvi d.
et pro uno scok et di. tankerdes val. vi s. viii d.
et pro quinque balis lini val.'tv s.
et pro xii rede plateris val. vi d.

et pro xii parvis treys val. iiii d.
et pro vi remis val xîi d.
et pro vî wa>Tiscotts vaL xii d.
et pro di. libra de ambro vah xx s.

Summa [vaL] £cxxvi xvii s. vi d. cust, xxix s. iî d» ob. q.
De navî vocata Le Christofer de Dansyk* unde Hans Stoke est

magister intrante eodem die
De Hans Lutkeher* de Hansa pro xiiii lastis et di, picis et

bitumînis val. £xiiji x s.
et pro vi pakis et di. lini val, £xxxii x s.
et pro vî*^ waynscotts et xxîii val. £vi iii s. x d.
et pro iiii lastis cinerum val. £iiii
et pro uno barello poit askes vaL iîi s. iiii d.
et pro iiii lastis osmondi val. £xvi
et pro îi grett c clapholts val xl s.
et pro il nests coun tours val xx s.
De magistro navis de Hansa pro uno lasto et dl bituminîs

val XXX s.
et pro una lasta cinemm val xx s.
et pro ii cistis val ii s. vi d.
et pro ii dussenis spysyd cakys val. iîi s. iiii d,
et pro XX treys val. iii s. iiii d.
et pro di. libra ambri val xx s.
et pro iiii shomakers bordis val xvi d.
et pro vi pyntyd plateris val vi d.
et pro iii cofers val iii s. iiii d.
et pro iîi pakis lini val £xv
et pro ii lastis picis et bituminis val xl s.
SuiTima [val] fiiii'^* xvii xi s. vî d.

cust. xxiiii s. iiii d. ob. q.
Summa partis £xiii ii s. x d. ob. q.
De navi vocata Le Trinité de Lenna unde Walterius Saunder-

son' est magister intrante eodem die
De Johanne Tanne indigena pro iiii pannis lane ctirtis sine

grano eus t. iiii s. viii d.

In navi vocata Le George de Lenna unde Ricardus Grene est

magister exeunte penultimo die AugusU

68o THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro xiiii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xvi s. iiii d

De navi vocata Le Margaret! de Lenne unde Johannes Mayn'

est magister intrante secundo die Septembris

De Johanne Rede indigena pro iiii lastis salmonis val. £zzxii

sub. xzxiis.
In navi vocata Le Margarett de Lenne unde Willelmus Davy-
son' est magister exeunte eodem die
De Johanne Gryndell' indigena pro xxii cakes cebi ponderis c
librarum val. £iiii sub. iiii s.

De Willelmo Osse indigena pro viii pannis lane curtis sme
grano cust. iz s. iiii d.

Li navi vocata Le Clement' de Lenna unde Johannes [ ] est

magister exeunte eodem die

De Willelmo Amfles indigena pro xx chaldriis colys val. £m

vi s. viii d. sub. iii s. iiii d.

et pro ii fodris ptumbi val. £viii sub. viii s.

et pro ii chaldriis grynsUms val. xiii s. iiii d. sub. viii d.

et pro uno dussen' coopertoriorum val. xx s. sub. xii d.

et pro iiii pannis lane curtis sine grano cust. iiii s. viii d.

In navi vocata Le Margaret' de Lenne unde Johannes Davyson*

est magister exeunte eodem die

De Johanne Tanne indigena pro vii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. viii s. ii d.

In navi vocata Le Peter' Fortune de Lenne unde Willehnus

Chambre est magister exeunte v die Septembris

De Ricardo Amfles indigena pro octo pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. ix s. iiii d.

De Vmfrido Wolle indigena pro iii fodris plumbi val. £xii

sub. xii s.
et pro viii pannis lane curtis sine grano cust. ix s. iiii d.
et pro ii^ piscibus saltfysh^ val. xx s. sub. xii d.

De Willelmo Dyxson' indigena pro ii pannis lane curtis sine

grano
De Petro Snowball' indigena pro vi pannis lane curtis sine
grano

[Summa] viii panni cust. ix s. iiii d.

TEE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

68 1

et pro iii*^ dryefysh val. xxx s. sub. xviii d.

et pro uno deker' corii tannatî val, xx s. cust. viii d. sub, iîî s.
iiii d, den. i d. exitus coketti i Bierc[atoris] ii d.
In navi vocata Le Barbara de Lenna unde Robertus Davyson'
est magister exeunte viii die Septembris
De Willelmo Trewe indigena pro xiii pannis lane curds sine
grano cust. xv s, il d.

et pro vii** libris talow val. £iiii xiii s. iiii d.

sub. iiii s. viii d.

De Simone Trewe indigena pro viii pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. ix s, iiii d.

In navi vocata Le Christofero de Dansyk' unde Hans Stoke est

magister exeunte eodem die

De eodem magistro de Hansa pro x pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust, x s.

In navi vocata Le Anne de Dansyk unde Thomas Van est

magister exeunte eodem die

De Henrico Westfallyng' de Hansa pro quinque pannis lane

curtis sine grano cust. v s,

et pro iii peciis worsted cust. vi d.

et pro XX coopertoriis val. xxxi s. viii d, sub. xiiii d. ob. q.

De Hans Lutkeher' de Hansa pro xxi pannis lane curtis sine

grano cust. xxi s.

In navi vocata Le Christofer de Yermouth' unde Robertus

Bendes est magister exeunte ix die Septembris

De Willelmo Hart' iadigena pro xxiii peciis de worsted in uno

ferdello cust. iii s. x d.

et pro xviii peciis worsted in uno fardello cust. iii s.

De Johanne Massam* indigena pro xxii peciis worsted in uno

ferdello
De Thoma Cause indigena pro xxvi pedis worsted in uno
fardello
[SummaJ xlviii pecie cust. vîîi s.

In navi vocata Le Gregory de Lenna unde Willelmus Cramp'
est magister exeunte x die Septembris
De Ricardo Palmer indigena pro ii fodris plumbi val. £viii

sub. viii s.

682 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

et pro quinque pannis lane curtis sine grano cusL v s. z d.

et pro vi chaldriis carbonum val. xx s. sub. xii d.

De navi vocata Le Michell' de Dordright' unde Comellius

Vannas est magister intrante eodem die
De Leman' Herryson' alienigena pro uno lasto snigmats

val. £vi
et pro iii" pavyng tyll' val. xxx s.

et pro ii pokis hoppes ponderis iiii^ librarum val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro c rede potts val. iii s. iiii d.
et pro iiii dussenis markett baskets val. iiii s.
et pro i lasta et di. empty barell' val. vi s.
De magistro navis alienigena pro ii lastis pids val. xl s.
et pro xii barellis piscis saisi val. xl s.
et pro c rede potts val. iii s. iiii d.

Summa [val.] £xiii cust. iii s. iii d. sub. xiii s.
De navi vocata Le Bere de Dordright' unde Ântonius WiUiam-

son' est magister intrante eodem die
De Guyse Ewaldson' alienigena pro vi myll' stons val. £v
et pro uno lasto snigmats val. £vi
et pro iiii lastis bitiuninis val. £iiii
et pro uno lasto picis val. xx s.
De magistro navis alienigena pro ii pokis hoppes ponderis v^

librarum val. xvi s. viii d.
et pro vi barellis piscis saisi val. xx s.
et pro viii barellis picis val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro i dussena basketts et vi studmaundes val. ii s.

Summa [val.] £xviii xii s. cust. iiii s. viii d. sub. xviii s.
viid.
De navi vocata Le Christofer de Armouth' unde Quade Coppe

est magister intrante eodem die
De eodem magistro alienigena pro m et di. allecis val. xx s.
et pro uno lasto et di. allecis val. £vi
et pro iiii barellis schotyn' heryng' val. xiii s. iiii d.
et pro xii barellis piscis saisi val. xl s.
et pro vi barellis salt' val. xliii s. iiii d.
et pro xvi barellis bituminis val. xxvi s. viii d.
et pro iiii rollis de heyre val. xxvi s. viii d.
et pro M et di. fote de borde val. xxx s.

THE CUSTOMS AND SUBSIDIES

683

Summa [vaLj £xvi cust. iiii s. sub. xvi s.
Sumraa partis £xîîii xiîii s. îî d.
Ad hue de navî vocata Le Christofer de Armouth'
De Lamberto Coles alîenigena pro una pipa cum glassis vaL

XX s.
et pro i pipa cum tasellis val x s,

et pro une hoges hede cum xîiî pecîîs de dîapor' et ii towellis

xi dussenis diaper' nappkyns iU peyr' cappers scheris ix

knotts sylver threde val in toto £viii

De Johanne Yan' alienigena pro îiiî dussenis bagges val. xx s,

et pro pe>Tityd glassys poyntyd clothis et aliis cremery wares

val. xl s.
et pro c dry fysh' val. xiîî s. iiîi d.
et pro îîii barellis piscis vaL xîii s. iiîi d.

Summa [vaL] £xiii xvi s. viii d, cust. iii s. v d. ob. sub.
xîiî s. X d.
De navi vocata Le Dragon' de Dordright' unde Johannes
Vanley est magister întrante eodem dîe
De eodem magistro ah'enigena pro iî lastis snîgmats val. £xii
et pro ii*^ rede potts val. vî s. vîiî d.
et pro una pok^ hoppes ponderîs îiî*^ librarum vaL x s.
et pro uno dussen^ et di. stannîs vaL îi s, iiii d.

Somma [val.| £xîî xix s. cust. îîî s. iii d. sub. xiîî s.
In navi vocata Le John' de Lenna unde Wîllelmus Coste est
magister exeunte xi die Septembrîs
De Christofero Brodbank indigena pro vîîi pannis lane
curtis sine grano cust. ix s. îîii d.

De navî vocata Le Antony de Lenna unde Johannes Maunder-
s ton' est magister intrante xxî dîe Septembrîs
De Willelmo Trewe indigena pro îiî lastis oliî vaL £xviîi
et pro iii barellis salmonîs vaL xl s.
et pro îii^ fufigiîs vaL xxv s.

De Ricardo Harde indigena pro xiîii barellis olîî vaL £viî
De Alexandro Wyott indigena pro iî lastis olîî val. £xîi
De Willelmo Dey indigena pro uno las to et di. oleî val, £îx
De Johanne Mors indigena pro ii lastis olei val. £xiî
et pro ce ulnîs canvas vaL xl s.

Summa [vaL] £lxiii v s. sub. bdiî s, iii d.

684 THE EARLY ENGUSH CUSTOMS

Hos septem rotulos quorum rotulus vii scribitur nisi ex imo
latere liberavit hie predictus custumarius per manus suas
proprias vicesimo quinte die Novembris anno regni Regis Henrid
Septimi vicesimo.

Summa partis c vi s. i d. ob.
Valor alienigen[arum] et Hans[e] unde iiid. de libra £i>ccx: iiii"
vi ix s. vi d. custuma £xi xx d. ob.
Panni siae grano alienigenarum v panni viii virge custuma

xiiii s. viii d. Panni siae grano Hanse c xxiii panni custimia £vi

•••
ms.

[Custimia] £vi xvii s. viii d.
Panni siae grano ind[igenarum] ccccxLin panni et ii kerseys
custuma £xxv xvii s. ix d. ob. Panni worsted' duplic' indigenarum
iiii^ix pede custuma xiiii s. x d.

[Custimia] £xxvi xii s. vi d. ob.
Panni worsted' duplic' Hanse iii pede custuma vi d. Panni
worsted duplic' alienigenarum vi pede custuma xviii d.
[Custuma] ii s.
Cera diversorum mercatorum de Hansa 1 quintalli custuma 1 s.
ViDum iadigenarum cccxvi dolia i hogeshede tonnagium £xlvii
viii s. ixd. Viuum alienigenarum non dulce i hogeshede tonnagium
ixd.

[Tonnagium] £xlvii ix s. vi d.
Corria indigenarum i deker custuma, subsidium, denarii, iiii s.
i d. Exitus coketti i mercatoris ii d.
[Summa] iiii s. iii d.
Valor indigenarum et alienigenarum unde xii d. de libra
£mmcccxxxiii V s. ii d. subsidium £cxvi xiii s. v d. q.

Que oneratur super compotum de diversis cust[umis] et sub-
s[idiis] diversarum rerum et mercandisiarum diversorum mer-
catorum indigenarum alienigenarum et Hanse in p>ortu predicto
custa sicut continetur in vii rotulis predicti contrarotulatoris et
non in rotulis predicti collectons ut patet per examinadonem
eorundem super banc compotum per auditorem h[ab]it[um] et
probatum etc. xxx s. xi d. ob. q.

Summa totalis omnis £ccxin ii s. i d.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

N
^

^
^

j4« ofc^Tifis^ o/ mvney and goods seized by a searcher in ike pari of London^
2Ç September^ 140c — 26 January^ 141 2.

Only part of this account is printed. What it lacks in form, it makes
up in interest.

It was the business of the searcher to prevent the illegal exportation
of goods. Four aliens, two of them Venetians, a denizen, a monk,
and a woman were the offenders whose goods had fallen into the hands
of the searcher. For the most part the wares were valuable and in
small parcels, such as money, rings, golden gods, paternosters, and
fine cloths.

Particule compoti Johannis Bradmore defuncti scnitatoris regis in
portu Civitatis Londonie et in omnibus portubus et locis abinde in
aquis Tamisie et ex utraque parte eiusdem aque tarn per terram
quam per aquam usque Graueshaide et ibidem et de Graueshende
usque ad mare tarn infra libertatem quam extra videlicet de exitibus
scruiinii predicti ibidem a festo Sancti Michaelis anno x usque xxvii
diem [Januarii] * anno xiii per \^sum et testimonium Willetmi Saucy
contraiotulatoris . . } predicti ibidem quo quidem xxvii die Januarii
dicto anno xiii . . .* obiit videlicet per duos annos unum quarterium
anni et xxix dies.*

De £xxxiii vis. viiid. in pecunia numerata inventa in custodia
Nicholai Plory mercatoris de Venicia in quodam batello de Graues-
hende secundo die Octobris anno xi ad traducendam versus partes
exteras sine licencia regis et per predictum Nicholaum concelata
eaque de causa regi forisfacta et per Johannem Bortham deputa-
tum predicti scrutatoris in predicto portu Londonie ad opus regis
arestata non reddit eo quod predicti [sic] £xxxiii vi s. \iii d. eidem
Nicholao Plory reliberata fuerunt per breve regis de magno sigillo suo
datum xxvii die Octobris dicto anno xi prefato scrutatori directum et
super hunc compotum liberatum,*

* A laaiDA occurs id the account At this point,
" MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 181/43.

* Nicholas Plory was pardoned on tlie ground that he was takbg his money, not
out of the realm, but into Kent and £ssex la buy doth and other merchandise.
Cakndar of Paicni HoUSf Hen, IV, 1408-1413, pp. 138-139 (17 October, 1409),

687

688 APPENDIX A

Nee reddit de £xxxvi de parte valons diversonim bononim et catal-
lonim que fuerunt Mark* Bragatyn mercatoris de Venida videlicet
£xxx in pecunia numerata xxviii pipes et i remenaunt auri de Venida
pr. XXX s. i zona de serico hamesiata cum argento et deaurat[a] pr.
XV s. i pecia de argento ponder[is] xi tmciarum et di. pr. xxvii s. viii
tisseny et i remenaunt de reban de damask^ pr. xxx s. Iv skenes de serico
crudo pr. v s. vi nodis de serico viridi pr. iii s. x pecten[es] de ywry ii
pectenes de box pr. viii s. iiii d. i p[ar]vo bundell[o] fili diversi colons
pr. iii s. et iii parv' tuales debil' pr. iii s. iiii d. que quidem bona
et catalla inventa fuerunt super predictum Mark' Bragatyn apud
Graueshende xiii die Novembris dicto anno xi ad traducendas versus
partes exteras predicte [sic] videlicet £xxx sine licencia regis residuas
vero mercandisas non cokectatas nee custumatas eaque de causa regi
forisfactas et per Robertum Tesdale deputatum predicti scrutatoris
apud Graueshende ad opus regis arestatas per breve regis de magno
sigillo suo datum xix die Decembris dicto anno xi prefato scrutatori
directum et super himc compotum liberatum.

Sed reddit de iiii s. viii d. de residuo valoris bononmi et catallorum
predictorum sic appreciato ultra £xxvi supradictas sicut supra con-
celato regi forisfacto et per predictum deputatum dicti scrutatoris ad
opus regis arestato.

Et de c xiii s. iiiid. in pecunia numerata inventa super unum
monachum captum apud Graueshende viii die Junii dicto anno xi ad
traducendam versus partes exteras sine licencia regis et per predictum
monachum concelata eaque de causa regi forisfacta et per predictum
Robertum Tesdale deputatum predicti scrutatoris apud Graueshende
predictam ad opus regis arestata.

Et de ii s. ii d. de precio unius anuli inventi super predictimi mona-
chum predicto viii die Junii dicto anno xi ad traducendum versus
partes exteras non custumati nee cokectati eaque de causa regi foris-
facti et sic appreciati et per predictum Robertum Tesdale ad opus
regis arestati.

Et de XX s. de precio iiii virgarum russet[i] nigri pr. x s. et xx vir-
garum de nigro bokeram pr. x s. inventonun in una maniica apud
Billyngesgate Londonie tercio die Augusti dicto anno xi ad tradu-
cenda versus partes exteras cust[umis] et subs[idio] inde non solutis
eaque de causa regi forisfactorum et sic appreciatorum et per pre-
dictum Johannem Bortham deputatum predicti scrutatoris in predicto
portu Londonie ad opus regis arestatorum.

Et de £iiii vii s. de precio iiii deker corionun tannatorum unius
parcelle ventr[is] et capit[is] tannatorum pr. xliii s. iiii d. vi duodena-

APPENDIX A

689

rum pellium lanutarum pr. xxvii s, iiî remenauntz paani lanei et
duodene caligamm pro feminis et pueris pr. xvi s. viii d. invenlorum
in uno batello de Southwerk' apud Graueshende x die Octobris anno
xii ad traducenda versus partes esteras cust[umîs] et subs[îdiislinde oon
solutis eaque de causa régi forisfactorum et sic appreciatorum el per
predictum Robertum Tesdale deputatum predict! scrutatoris apud
Graueshende predictam ad opus regis arestatorum.

Et de £x in pecunia numerata inventa super Willelmum Faukoner
alienigenam Lx die Augusti dicto anno xii ad traducendam versus
partes exteras sine licencia regis el per ipsum Wiilemum concelata
eaque de causa régi forisfacta et per predictum Johannem Bortham
deputatum predicti scrutatoris in predicto portu Londonie ad opus
regis arestata.

De duobus duodenis blankettorum de Kent pr. xvi s. ii peciis kersey
pr. xiii s. iiii d. et vi ulnis de russet pr. v s* que fuerunt Clays van
Sand" de Serice inventis in navi Henrici Thomassone de Seland quinte
die Septembrts anno xi inter alias res et mercandisas in quodam fardello
ad traducanda versus partes exteras cust[umis] et subs[idio] inde régi
debitis non solutis eaque de causa régi forisfactis et per predictum
Johannem Bortham deputatum predicti scrutatoris in predicto
portu Londonie ad opus regis aresLâtis non reddit per breve regis
huius scaçcariî datum xviii die Novembris dicto anno xii prefato
scrutatori directum et super hune compotum liberatum.

Sed reddit de xl s. in pecunia numerata inventa super unum homi-
nem indigenam in navi unde Camp' Hugh' est magister xvii die
Decerabris anno xiii ad traducendam versus partes exteras sine
licencia regis eaque de causa régi forisfacta et per predictum
Johannem Bortham deputatum predicti scrutatoris in portu predicto
ad opus regis arestata.

De kvi s. viii d. de precio xxi anulorura auri ii parvorum anulorum
argenti et deauratorum i parie pater nosters de corall[io] cum v gaudes
auri et i tablet auri inventorum super unam feminam vocatam Petit
Gerderoic de Flandria in navi de Herlam unde Dedericus Jonsone
extitit magister x die Junii anno xi ad traducenda versus partes exteras
cust[umis] et subs[idio] régi inde debitis non solutis eaque de causa
régi forisfactorum et sic appreciatorum et per predictum Johannem
Bortham deputatum predicti scrutatoris in predicto portu Londonie
ad opus regis arestatorum non reddit per breve regis huius scaccarii
datum XX die Junii dicto anno xi prefato scrutatori directum ct super
huQC compotum liberatum.

APPENDIX B

A survey of the customs ai the end of theffteenth century.

Tms survey, which purports to be based upon Exchequer documents,
presents an arrangement of the customs not f oimd in the other records
printed in this book. It is included here, not because it presents an
accurate picture of the customs, but because it shows them resolved
into their elements.^ In other words, the division of the customs into
historical categories was giving way to a division into conmiodity
classification. Instead of the customs of 1275, 1303, and 1347, we find
the customs on wool, general merchandise, cloth, wax, and so on. This
change in the way of looking at the customs, which was a natural one,
came, as time passed, to spell only confusion. In order to arrive at
the duty on any article it became necessary in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centiuies to add up the levies of the various dates. This
compounded the complexity.*

This list of duties seems generally complete, except for the omission
of prise and butlerage of wines which were separately accounted for.
It should be compared with Hale's outline for the reign of Edward IV,
based on the Black Book of the Admiralty and on the customs accounts
themselves.

The date of this document cannot be exactly detennined. Schanz
assigns it to the reign of Henry VII.* Williamson holds that it " prob-
ably slightly " antedates that reign.^ It would be tedious to enter
into all the considerations of date raised by internal evidence. Two
of the main points may, however, be mentioned. The document
could hardly be earlier than 1473 when the Hanse had restored to them

^ See above, p. 87. On the subject of accuracy, see also Schanz, Engliscke
Handehpolitik gegen Ende des Miitdalters, ii, pp. 5-7; and Williamson, Mariiim
Enterprise, 1483-1558, pp. 37, 40, n. 2.

* See above, p. 134.

' Concerning the customs of goods imported and exported^ pp. 199-202 . See also the
survey of customs of the time of Henry VII and Henry VIII in Schanz, Engliscke
Handelspoliiik gegen Ende des MUtelaUerSy ii, p. 6, and an official survey of aliens'
customs in 1546 {ibid., pp. 370-371).

< Ibid., p. 5.

* Maritime Enterprise, 1485-1558, p. 38, n. i.

690

APPENDIX B

691

their old trade privileges.^ The latest possible date is that of the first
printing (1502 or 1503) of the book in which the document is found,*

The Rate of the Kyngis Custum and Subside of Marchaundises
regis t red in the Escheker '
II, i] The Custom of Clothe wythout greyn

The Kingis subgettis pay for custum of a cloth xiiii d. The
Spaynardis paye for custum of a cloth xiiii d. The Hanse pay th
xii d, ; and aliaunts pay for a cloth ii s. ix d.

[2] The Custum of Cioth in greyn
The kyngis subgettis payeth for every cloth ii s. iiii d* The
Spaynards pay ii s. iiii d. The Hanse payeth ii 5, Other
straungers paye v s, vi d.

[3J The Custum of Cloth haJf grayned
The kyngis subgettis pay for suche cloth xxi d. The Spay-
nardis pay xxi d. The marchaunt of the Hanse paye xviii d.
Other straungers paye iiii s. i d

[4} The Subside of Cloth as wel in greine as ungreyned^ after the
valuare of every pounde

The kyngis subgettis for subside paye nothinge. The Spay-
nardis pay nothinge. The Hanse paye nothinge* Other
straungers paye for subside of every £, xii d.

[5] Custum of Sengle Wursted
The kyngis subgettis, the Spaynardis and marchauntis of the
Hanse pay for custum of every pece i d, and all other straungers
payd for custum i d. oh.

[61 The Custum of the Doubll Worsted
The kyngis subgettis, the Spaynardis, and marchauntis of the
Hans, pay for every pece custum ii d. and all od[er] straungers
pay iii d.

[7] The Custum of every bed Sengle Wursted
The subgettis of England, the Spaynardis, and the marchauntis
of the Hans pay for custum of every pece» v d, and all other •
straungers paye vii d, ob.

1 Roiuli Pariiamenkyrumf vi, pp. 65-^ (1473).

* Sec the preface to The Cmtoms of London ^ olherahe called Arnold^ s Ckronide,
The second printing was about 1520 or 1521,

' Ibid,, pp* 193-196. A few of the minor forms have been changed, for example,
ti. has been written £, so as to harmonize with the practice followed in the rest
of this book.

692 APPENDIX B

[8] The Custum of bedds Double Wursted
The kyngis subgettis, the marchauntis of the Hanse, and the
Spaynardis pay for custum of every suche pece ix d. and ail
other marchauntis straungers pay xiii d. ob.
[9] The Subsidie of every pound value of Wursted sengle and
double, and of the Wursted beddis sengle and double
The kyngis subgettis, the Spaynardis, and marchauntis of the
Hanse pay for subsidie of the ponde i d. AUe other straungers
pay xiid.

[II, 10] Custum of Waxe, and subside

For every C waxe allé marchauntis paye for custum xii d. The
kyngis subgettis, the marchaimtis of Spayne, and of the Hanse
paye nothynge for subsidie of noo maner waxe. All other
marchauntis straungers paye for subsidie xii d.

[Ill, 11] Custum and Subsidie of Wynes

The marchaimtis off England and of Spayne pay tonnage for
every tonne iii s. The marchauntis of the Hanse and other
marchauntis straungers paye for custume of every tonne ii s.
And the other marchaimtis straungers paye for subside iii s.
[12] The Custum and Subside of every tonne Swete Wyne
The marchauntis of England and of Spayne paye for tonnage
iiis. The marchaimtis of the Hanse and allé marchauntis
straungers paye for custum ii s. And the marchauntis straun-
gers paye for subside iii s.

[IV, 13] Custum and Subside of Tyne be the £ value

The marchauntis of England and of Spayne paye for subside
xii d. The Hanse and marchauntis straungers paye for custum
iii d. And the marchauntis straungers for subside paye ii d. [s.]

[V, 14] Custum of Pewter and Subside be the £ value

The marchauntis of England and of Spayne paye for subside
xii d. And the marchauntis straungers pay for subside ii s.
And the same marchaunt straungers paye for custum iii d.

[VI, 15] The Custum and Subside off Wulle and Felle shipped to
Caleis
The merchaunt of the stapU payeth for custum of a sac vi s.
viii [d.]

Item he payed for subside xxxiii s. iiii d.
Item for every cc xl wulle fellis for custum vi s. viii d.
Item for subside of the same, xxxiii s. iiii d.

APPENDIX B

693

[16] Custum and Subside shyppyd in to other parties of Wulle

and Felle
Every marchaunt [straunger] payeth for custum of a sac x s.
Item for subside £iii vi s. viii d.
Item for the comyng to Caleis viii d.

Item of every cc xl skynnes off wull fel every marchaunt payth
for custum x s. and every marchaunt paith for subside £ iii vi s.
viii d.

Item for devern' they pay viii d.
[17] Custum and Subside of Ledur

The marchaunt of England payth for every last ledur tanned,
for custum xiii s. iiii à.
Item for the subside £iii vi s. viii d.
Item for devery^ to Caleis xvi d.

The marchaunt of Spayne payed for custum xiii s, iiii d.
Item for subside £iii vi s. viii d.
Item devery', [to] Caleis viii d.
The marchaunt straungers pay for custum xx s.
Item for subside £iii xiii s. iiii d.
Item devery \ [to] Calais xvi d.
[18] The Charge for the Coketis of Marchaundics
All maner of marchauntis shal pay for his coket * ii d,

[VII, 19] The Custum and Subside of every £ value of allé other
Marchaundise
The English marchaunt payde for subside xii d. and the mar-
chaunt of Spayne xii d. The marchaunts of the Hans paye for
subside ii d.* the same marchaunts pay for custimi iii d. All
other marchauntis [straungers] paye for custum iii d., and for
subside xii d.

* " Covet *' in the origiDal

• Possibly an error for xîid.

APPENDIX C

A book of raieSy 15 July, 1507,

TfflS is one of the earliest, if not the earliest/ books of rates that I
have found. The irregularity and cliunsiness of the document point
to its eariy date. For instance we find " latten " in both the B list and
the L list, in the former " Blake [black] latten rowles " and in the latter
not only plain " lattyn " but " lattyn wyer " and " lattyn plate." In
later books, notably in that of 1660,^ articles are grouped under
generic headings such as drugs, fish, grocery wares, and linen clotL
A great number of commodities of every-day trade are not to be found
in this " book " at all. Some that are mentioned have no valuation
given them. The preponderating majority of the article are imports,
as is seen by a comparison with later books of rates in which exports
and imports are separately listed. The text here printed is not from a
contemporary manuscript but from an early eighteenth century
transcript.'

A rate made of the pris3rs of allmaner off warys by the k3mgs cown-
seir and by the advyce surveyors and cowntrowlers and costomers off
the porte of London and the marchants adventerers of the same with
other the xv daye of July in the xxii yere of the rayne of ower ' Soverayne

* There is a badly arranged list of commodities (printed in The Customs of
London^ otherwise called Arnold^s Chronicle, pp. 234-237), which resembles a book
of rates. It is of a date not later than 1502 or 1503, the time of the first printing of
the collection in question. The list is headed " Spycery," a rubric which property
belongs only to the first part of the list. There is an attempt at grouping com-
modities together, such as the spices in one part and the cloth in another. There
is no suggestion of alphabetical order. Some kinds of articles are wholly or almost
wholly missing, such as skins and furs. Many, it may be all, of the valuations are
higher than those in the list of 1507.

* See also the previous note for a possibly earlier case of such grouping.

* On a separate piece of {>archment gummed to the beginning of the roll occur
these particulars. " In the latter end of March, 1732, 1 made a fair copy of my old
Roll of Rates (in a quarto book containing 20 pages) and gave it to my particular
good friend Mr. Sam. Gale of the Custom House, and Treasurer of the Antiquarian
Society, London.

" Note the Roll is five yards long and six inches wide, and was given me by the
Honourable Roger North of Rougham in Norfolk anno 1727. Ita testor The.
Martin of Palgrave in Suffolk."

6g4

APPENDIX C

69s

Lorde Kyng Hary the Vllth the same to induer and to contynew for
ever diuyng the kyngs plesure.*

Allmondes the c wayte

xiii s. iiii d.

Annes sede the c wayte

All blades for shomakrs the ic

Asshes called woode asshes the last

XX s.

Appells the barreir

xd.

Andeletts the c wayte

xxxiii s. iiii d.

Armyns the tymber that ys to saye the xl î

jkynes

xiii s. iiii d.

Buckrams shorte rowles a dossen the small

XX s.

Buckroms in papers every paper i with another fyne that ys to

saye iii peces in every papers

VI s. viu d.

Bowbtell' raynes the pece

iis.

Bever wombys the tymber

XX s.

BrasseU' the c

xxxiii s. iiii d.

Brymstone the c

iii s. iiii d.

Bedes the smalle grosse

vid.

Ballens the smalle grosse

iii s. iiii d.

Bellys the smalle grosse

xiid.

Bullyons for pursses the smalle grosse

iiis.

Ballme glasses the grosse

xiid.

Bodkyns the m

vis.

Bassens the c weyght'

xxxiu s. [iii] i d.

Blake latten rowles the c

XX s.

Bartry ware the c wayght'

xxvi s. viii d.

Brusshys the packe

XX s.

Ballys the m

XX s.

Budge called wyght badge the c small

xiii s. iiii d.

Budge called blake budge the c

XX s.

Bere the pype

vi s. viii d.

Butter the barelle

vi s. viii d.

Beffe the barrell

vi s. viii d.

Bottells the dossen

xd.

» MS., Br. M., Add. RoU, 16577. '

> MS. torn.

696 APPENDIX C

Cottons for wymen the pece xx A

Chamlett the pece xiii s. iiii A

Cadys the Frenche makyng the c grosse v s.

Cotton wolle the c weyght xxvi s. viii d

Cotton wolle spowne the c weyght xxxiii s. iiii d.
Canvas called Normandy or browne clothe the c elles small xxx s.
Canvas called Vytory* canvas the bale containing ii^ elles £iii

Canvas called Parrys canvas the c elles xxvi s. viii d.

Canvas called NewcasteU canvas the elle xx s.

Crest clothe lokerame and doglasse the pece xx s.

Cloves the c wyte £xii x s.
Cloves the lb.*

Corones the c wjrte xiii s. iiii d.

Commyn the balle xx s.

Coperus the c wyte iii s. iiii d.

Corke made in barrelles the laste xx s.

Canvas cunterfett of the worst sorte the bale xx s.

Corsses called tyne corssys the dossen viii s.

Copper the c wyte xx s.

Chênes called doge chênes the grosse viii s.

Coper spleten the barrelle xxxiii s. iiii d.

Coj)er gowle the grose v s.
Callabur rawe that ys to saye xl skynes the tymber iii s. iiii d.

Callabare wombys * the tymber ^

Chesse the waye x s.

Cony skynes sesoned the c iii s. iiii d'

Cony skynes stage the c xx d.

Coffers the nest iii s. iiii d.

Cownters the neste xx s.

Clapp owlde the grett howndrythe and every c ys £iii

Corke the bundelle for shyppers or ells the c '

Congers the c by vi** xl s.

Corralle the mast that ys to say *
Coper called rede coper whether ytt be rownd or square the c

xvi s. viii d.

* No valuation made.

* In the original " wonbys."

* Repeated in the manuscript.

APPENDIX C 697

Droppyn pans of yeme the c wyte x s.

Dogestonys the laste £iiii

Ducance * the tymbber *

Debylle the shoke xx s.

Datys the c wjrte xiii s. iiii d.

Damaske of all manare of colowres the yarde on with another

iiiis.
Domyckes called thrydyn' domyckes the pese on with another

ii s. vi d.
Domeckes called ryssyll' domeckes the pece on with an other

vs.

Domeckes called sell' domeckes the pece on with another fyne and

corse vi s. viii d.

Elys called stowbe elys the last £xx

Elys called stube elys the barylle xx s.

Elys called chaffte elles the laste £xii

Elys called chaffte ellys the barylle xx s.

El3rs called pymper elles the laste £viii

Elys called pymper eles the barelle xiii s. iiii d.

Frankyncence the c wayte xx s.
Fygges the sortte that ys to saye iii frayles for the sortte iiii s.

Fygges the tunne that ys to say x sorte for the tunne xl s.

Fustycke the c wyte v s.

Fethers for beddes the c wayte x s.

Fetherbed tekes the dossen of all sortes xxxvi s.

Fustyon' the balle containing xl hallfe peces £x

Fustyon' the hallfe pece v s.

Foynes the pane xiii s. iiii d.

Foynes stage or foynes wombys the pane x s.

Poynes taylys the panns vi s. viii d.

Fychyws the pane vi s. viii d.

^ No valuation made.

> Cf. '' Durance or Duretty." Crouch, A Complete View of the British Cushm,
p. III.

698 APPENDIX C

Fox skynts the pane vi s. viii A

Fox wombys foxe poUes or fox pet'tes the pane vi s. viii d.

Fyche barreled the laste £iiii

Fryeng pann3rs the c wayte x s.

Fresston' the tonne that ys to say xx^ wayte xx d.

Flexe the laste containing i^ xx balys £iiii

Flexe the pake containing xx^ lbs. £vi xiii s. iiii d.

Flexe hyckeled the sake containing iii^ lbs. xxx s.

Fanes the bunche xx d.
Fustyon' called fustyon[n]aples the pece ^

Gynger the c wa3rte £iiii x s.
Gynger the lb.*

Graynys the c wayte 1 s.

Graynys the lb. *

Galyngale the pownde xii d.

Galles the c wa)rte xiii s. iiii d.

Gowme the bale xvi s. viii A

Generalle the c wayte x s.

Grayne called Port3mggale grayne the lb. xvi d

Grayne called Syuiell grayne the lb. xii d.
Grayne that ys in powder ys dobylle the pryse

Gyrdelles of thred the grosse iiii s.

Gloves the grosse xiii s. iiii A

Golde skynes the kyppe xiii s. iiii d.
Gray tawyd the tymber the tymber [sic] that ys to saye xl skynnes

vi s. viii d.

Gray ontawed thymber iii s. iiii d.

Glasse called Normandy the casse xiii s. iiii d.
Glasse called Flemyche glasse the waw that ys to saye xl bimchys

xxvi s viii A

GoUd of Venys the lb. xl s.

Gowld of Damaske the lb. *

Gowlde of Lucke the lb. *

Gowlde or sylver of Brvges the mast that ys to saye viii s.

' No valuation made.

^^^^^^^^^f APPENDIX 1

^V 699 ^Ê

Hoppys the sacke containing vii*^

Hoppys the pocke

Herynge fulle the laste

£mi ^M

Herynge shotton' the laste

Hadockes the barrelle

iii s. ijii d. ^^M

Hony the bar[relle]

xiii s. iiii d. I^^l

Harpe strynges the boxe

^^H

Hookes that be small' the grosse

Harffordes the rowle

Harffordes the c by xii"

Hastrey clothe called browne hastrey the c elles

XXX s. ^^H

Hather the packe that contains as mochc as a

packe of woUe ^^M

XXX s. ^^M

Hympe the sacke containing iii^ lbs.

Hympe called Collyn' hympe the last ys

XXX s. ^^H

Imperlynges the dossen

vi s. vîii d. ^^1

Ivery the lb.

s. iiii d. ^^M

lette the barreUe

^^1

Iryne the tune

Iryne wyer the hoggeshed

KetteUs bownd the full containing iii

^^M

Knyves of the worste

iii s. iiii d. ^^M

Knyves called prags (?) the grosse

^^1

and all other kynwes as be in valeu'

^^M

L
Lynenge clothe caled Camemerycke the pece

xxvî s. iii d. ^^M

Lynynge clothe called rawe Flemyche

xiii 5. iiii d, ^^M

Lynynge clothe called Brabond' the pece

xîiî s, iiii d. ^^M

Lynynge clothe called ryght Bruseir cunterfet BruselF the pece ^^H

Lynynge clothe called olid clothe busske hold

Al a. ^^^^H

sewyche clothe ^^M

vtyche clothe brode boske raw and buske whytid the the [sic] ^^H

hallfe pece* off' xii s* Braband clothe and all* other clothe that ^^M

ys foUden lyke Holond clothe the pece lawne or myffyll* whether ^^|

ytt be fyne or corsse the pece

^^M

7CX) APPENDIX C

Letewsse the tymber that ys to sayc xl skynes to the tymber

vis. viiid.

Lycenis the balle iiî s. iiii d.

Lettmosse the bfarrelle ?] vi s. viii d.

Lattyn the c wa)rte xxiîî s. iiii d.

Lattyn the barrelle £vi

Lattyn wyer the c wayte xx s.

Lattyn plate the c wayte scdii s. iiii d.

Larymery the bale xl s.

Lace called Flawnder[es] lace the grett grosse and every gret

grosse ys vs.

Lether for cousschenes the dossen ii s.

Lether called rede bash' ^ for cosshynes the dossen ii s.

Même

Maces the c wayte £xii x s.

Maces the lb. *

Mather called croppe mather or' umberow mather the bale 1 s.

Mather called mullmather the bale xx s.

Maylle' the xii" x s.

Marbelors plate the c xx s.

Martems the tymber xxxiii s. iiii d.

Mynkes the tymber xl s.

Myllstones the pece xx s.

Marmelade the lb. £iiii

Mynster clothe the c containing xii'^'^ elles xl s.

Mynster' clothe the rowUe £x

Mather called crope or umbero the pocke xxxvii s. vi d. and the

pockett XXV s.

N
Nottmygges the c wayte
Nottmygges the lb.

Naylles called small naylles the b[arrelle]
Naylle called lathe naylle the small
Naylles called wythe heded naylle the small
Naylles called latten' naylles the small
Naylles called patten naylles the small
Nayle called gare naylle the small

* " Rede lashe " in The Customs of London^ otherwise called Arnold's Chronicle,
p. 236.

' No valuation made.

JLv

£iii

vi s.

viiid.

iiis.

iiiid.

iiis.

iiiid.

APPENDIX C 701

Naylles called grett naylles that ys to saye iiii d. naylle v d. naylles

and vi d. naylles the b[arrelle] xl s.

Nedylles the dowte *

Orpementte the c wayte x s.

Onyones the c bunches vi s. viii d.

Onyones the barrelle viii d.

Onyones sede the c wayte xx s.

Ortshall' the c wayte xiii s. iiii d.

Ortshall the barrall xx s.

Olid shettes called packyng shetts the dossen vi s. viii d.

Ossunbregges the rowlle £x

Ossunbregges the c that ys to say xii** ells xl s.

Ossmoundes the last £iiii

Orrys for bottes the c xl s.
Otter the tymber that ys to saye xl skynnes to the tymber xl s.

Oyle called wolle oylle called woUe oylle [sic] the tune £iiii

Oyle called mette oylle or rape oylle the barreUe xiii s. iiii d.

ItemP

Peper the c wayte £vi

Peper the lb. *

Peper called longe peper the c £vii x s.

Peper longe the lb. *

Prunes the c wayte vi s. viii d.

Payntyd clothes the dossen vi s. viii d.

Powlld davys for saylles the bolltte x s.

Powches the grosse xxiii s.

Powches rynges the grosse x s.

Pyrlyng wyer the dossen lbs. iiii s.

Prwnys ^ xii" ii s.

Pypes the balle xxvi s. viii d.

Playeng cardes the grosse £iiii

Prynted prymers the dossen xx d.

Paper called wyte the balle containing *

Paper called wyte the reme *

Paper called browne the bundelle viii d.

Pavyng tylle the ic x s.

> No valuation made. * ** Prwmys " in the originaL

702 APPENDIX C

Pyche the last xx s.

Poyntts the grett grosse v s.

Poynts the smalle grosse v A

Pewter vesselle the c way te xxziii s. iiii A

Plate wyght the barrelle *

Plate blake the barrelle ^

Qudrustonys the laste containing xxiiii stonys
Quyllts the dossen on with a nother
Quyckesyllver the c weyte sni[all]

R
Rew barbe the lb.
Rysse the c wyght
Resons of corons the c wyght
Resons called grett resons
Red led the c wyght
Russe skynes the dossen
Rede hydes containing x hydes to the decker
Rede lashe for cusshyns the dossen
Rossen called pey rossyn idem este quasi quod frankynsence the
c wyght iii s. iiii d.

Rossyn the the [sic] c wyght xx d.

Rappe oyle the last on with an other £\Tii

Rede copper square or rownde the c wyght xvi s. viii d.

Sope called Castyll sope or wyght sope the c wyght x s.

Sope called blake sope the laste £vi

Sope called blacke sope the barrelle x s.

Samond of the grette bande the last £xi

Samon of the smalle bande the laste £ix

Samon grylles the last £vi

Sturgen the b[arrelle] xx s.
Sawlte fyche the barell vi s. viii d.

Sawlte fyche the c xx s.

Stocke fyche called gyllfysche the last £i

^ No valuation made.

xxvis.

viiiA

XXX s.

xpdii s.

iiiid.

vis.

viiid.

xs.

xiiis.

. iiiid.

iis.

xs.

XX d.

xxxiiis.

. iiiid.

iis.

APPENDIX C

703

Stocke fyche callyd croopelyng the last £v

Stockefyche callyd fyte lyng the last 1 s.

Sherraans sheres the payer vi s. viii d.

Sheres the macke that ys to saye xii d,

Sporres the grosse xx s.

Shomakyrs heres the boxe vi s. viii d.

Specke takylles the grosse iii s. iiii d.

Sawllte the waye xiii s. iiii d.

SawUte peter' the c wyght xxvi s. viii d.

Slyppe the b[arrellel iii s. iiii d,

Sablles the tymber ^

Shankes the pane xvi s. viii d,

Shankes [i]n tawlynges the C vi s. \âii d,

Sprusse skynnes the doz. x s.

Stelle the barelte wyche owght to be iiii** burden and vi sheffe

makythe a burdyn and xxx gaddes makythe shefife £vi

Samany the lb. vi s. viii d.

Spynyard the lb. xvi d.

Sene the c wyght £Lii

Saffron* of Hyngland ^

Saffron* of beyownd the se the lb, vi s. viii d.

Sj^manon the c wyght £x.

Sanders the c wyght x s.

Syoanan the lb. *

Sanders the lb. '

Suger the casse beyng no lynger nor wyttheyer then ha the bene

used xxxiii s. viii d.

Sockede the lb. iiii d.

Sattyn called ryght sattyn of all maner of coldwares wyght of

crayne the yarde v s.

Sattyn cry m sen in grayne x s.

Sattyn crj^msen cunterfett the yard vi s, viii d.

Sattyn ryght purled with goold the yarde xiii s. iiii d,

Sattyn called Br>^dge5 sattyn the yarde one with a nother xx d,
Sattyn caUed Brydges and purled with cownterfet the yard

iii s. iiii d.
Sattyn of S)rpres everry pece on with another the pece

vi 5. viii d.
Syndalle the pece xx s.

1 Nq valuation made.

704 APPENDIX C

Sarsenett called of Florense the pece £iii

Sarssenett of Bullen' the pece xl s.

Sypres for women' the pece xx A

Sylke called rawe sylke of the best the lb. vi s. viii d.

Sylke called rawe cades the lb. iiii s.
Sylke of all manner off the best that ys to throwyn the lb.

xiii s. iiii d.

Sylke called Call[on] sylke the lb. xiii s. iiii d.

Syylke called Colen sylke the lb. xvi s. viii d.

Sythes the sheffe vi s. viii d.

Tartjmis the lb. containing xii shortte £vi

Twke the pece i with an other vi s. viii d.

Tapestre or verderes with sylke the Flemyche elle xx d.

Tapestry or verderes withowt sylke the Flemyche elle v d.

Tapestry or verders with cades the Flemyche elle xii d.

Thredon rebbon* the grosse iiii s.

Tredon called long skayne thred the c wayte xxxiii s. iiii d.

Thred called owghtnall thred the dossen lbs. v s.
Thred called Colyn thred the packyn' wyche contains

£xiii vi s. 8 d. [sic]
Thred called Bredges thryd V
Tavelynges of shankes the c /

Trane the great barelle xx s.

Trane the smalle barelle xiii s. iiii d.

Tarre the laste xx s.

Tynne the bloke 1 s.

Tyne glasse the c wayte xxvi s. viii d.

Tryakyll the lb. iiii d.

Tyrpytyne the c wayte ix s. iiii d.

Tyrpytene the lb. i d.

Tallow in cakes the c wayte vi s. viii d.

Tallow in barrelles the barrelle x s.

Tassell the pype xx s.

Tassell the bundelle '

Trams* the c wayt *

Torche waxe the pack wyche contains iiii d.

^ No valuation made.

APPENDIX C

70s

Wood called Jenne wode the balle

Wood called Tholows woode the balle

Wexe the c wayte

Velvet tes of all manner colors save ryght crymson the

viis.

Vellvett called ryght crymsen the yard

Worsted yarne the dossen lbs.

Whyte Normandy' clothe c elles

Weste salkes the c elles

Vlyons for say les the bowlte

Wormesede the c wayte £v

Wormesede the lb. *

Vergresse the c wayte xl s,

Vermylyon the c wayte £x

Whyte lede the c wayte x s.

Wollcardes that be new the dossen vi s. viii d.

Wolle cardes that be hoUd iiii s.

Wall notts the barrelle iii s, iiii d.

Waytes called trye waytes the dossen £v

The kynges grase wyll[s] that yow take thys rate in affect and after

the summa ther in contayned to charge every raarchantt for the kyng

and all the Marchants Adventerers in London be all agred the same

for as myche^ as be contayned in thys booke of rattes anno 1532.

Manuscript here foloweth ho with that every gawger' showllde marke
hys playne gawge,^ and yi yi lacke d[emi ] a sestomne marke yt as
thus,^ and yf ytt lacke an hole sestorne marke yt as thus/ and yi
lacke a sesterne and ann hallfe mark ytt as thus,* and yf ii systornns
then make yt as thus,' and yf yt lacke ii seslomes and hallfe thenn
raarke yt as thus,^ and yf yt lacke iii sestornes then marke yt as thus,'
and yf yt lacke iii sestornes and ane hallf then marke yt as thus,* and
yf yt lacke hallf a sestorne more then marke yt as thus,' and yf yt be
a systems more then marke yt as thus,^ an yf yt be a sesterne and an
hallf more marke yt as thus/ and yf yt be ii sestornes more marke yt
as thus/ and yf yt be iii sesternes more then marke yt as thus/ and yf
yt lacke iii systems and an hallfe more marke yt as thus/

^ No valuation made,

■ In the original '* mythe,"

* The ganger's mark b here inscribed.

7o6 APPENDIX C

Ih's

He that ys a gawner owght to understonde there 3rs in a tunne \x
systems and every système ys iiii galons be yt wyne or oylle.

Allso ytt ys to be understond that xxiiii farthen' delles of Renyche
wyne off Andwarpe aubyage makethe ainn ammbe and xxiiii ambys
makethe a rode of Andwarpp mess[ure].

Allso yt ys to be knowen that a f arthen delle of that mezur ys but
a gallon and a hallfe . . } shalle have any amme of Andwarpe butt
xxxvi gallons for ix sestemes ys an ambether.

Ih's

Allso y t ys to be underston that x f arthendelles makythe ane aummbe
of Dordrethe ambyage and x ambys makythe a rode of Dordrethe
mess[ure] y t ys to be knowne that a farthendelle of that mesur makythe
iiii gallons and iii quarts and sumwat more but not fully hallfe a
peynte more for xii sestems makethe x farthendelles of that mess[ure]
juste and so yow moste have in ane ambe of Dordrethe mess[urel
xlviii gallons.^

Fynes'

T. Foigon

^ Manuscript torn.

* Endorsed: An ezsize or rate of all manner of wares made the 22 of H. 7.

APPENDIX D

An account of goads skipped coastudse from Lynn, zg SepUfnber, î$4g —

I J June, 1350.

This is part of one of the earliest accounts of coast-shipments found.
The reguJar series of tliese accounts, indeed, begins in this ver>' year,
1549, though irregular ones are found earlier J

It was the already existing machinery of the customs that was used
to keep track of the coast trade. No duties were to be collected but
simply account kept of what goods went from one English port to
another.^ There were three different kinds of shipments requiring
attention. There was the cargo of wares brought from abroad, on
which a duty had been paid, which was allowed to go from port to
port without payment of further duties, merely on the presentation of
the original certificate or receipt of import duties paid. There was the
very important cargo of English goods being shipped from port to
port, which, however, might be surreptitiously sent abroad. To pre-
vent this fraud, the shipper was put under bond and the shipment
enrolled. The third kind was the cargo, also of English wares, which,
because of its nature or because of the good repute of the shipper,
the officials could be certain would not be secretly exported, and which,
therefore, would not be put under bond or surety. Such was the fully
matured system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. At the
time of this document, however, it is doubtful whether such a classi-
fication was in use* Probably the document here printed includes the
last of the three types of coast shipments, possibly also the second.

These accounts of the coast trade exist in great numbers from 154g
to the latter part of the eighteenth centur>'. They are supplemented
by the less accessible coast bonds, also existing in great numbers.*
For the history of local trade and local manufacture both kinds of
documents are of value.

Particule Johannis Pace collectons ibidem [Lynne]* tam (?) de
omnibus et singulis rebus et mercandiciis indigenamm a portubus et
locis predictis ad aliquod portum sive crec' infra regnum Anglie vidc-

* For example, 22 Hen. \HI to 4 EkI. VI. K. R. Ciistx)ma, 99/ ao.

* There were a few exceptions to thb at a later date, notably coals, culm, daders,
and wine. These cases were all peculiar. See above, p. 144-

* Sec above, pp. 143-145. * Written in the margia of the accoont.

7or

708 APPENDIX D

licet de festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno regni domini regis
nunc Edwardi Sexti tercio usque xiiii diem Junii anno regni eiusdem
domini regis nunc quarto eductis.^

In nave vocata Le Barke Hastinges unde sub Deo est magister
Thomas Purdye exivit secundo die mensis Octobris versus Novum
Castnmi. Thomas Hoppon * indigena pro xix** quarteriis bradi, pro x
quarteriis siliginis

In eadem nave [pro domino rege] • pro xxxiiii quarteriis f rumenti, pro
liiii quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Anne de West Lenne unde sub I^eo est magister
Thomas Pahner exivit iiii die mensis Octobris versus Insulam Sacram.
Thomas Myller Indigena pro viii" x quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le John' de Lenne unde sub Deo est magister Wil-
lehnus Fryssell exivit iiii die mensis Octobris versus Novum Castrum.
Johannes Dynsdall indigena pro x" quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Johns' de Lenne unde sub Deo est magister
Anthonius Williamson exivit iiii die mensis Octobris versus Novum
Castrum. Petrus Ryddell indigena pro xviii" quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Mary de Snetisham unde sub Deo est magister
Robertus Fullwoode exivit v die mensis Octobris versus Novum
Castrum. Thomas Yonge indigena pro xii** quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Mary de Rocklyf imde sub Deo est magister
Ricardus Wygilworthe exivit x die mensis Octobris versus Selby.
Simon Myller indigena pro xii" quarteriis bracii

In batella vocata Le Buttolphe de Boston unde sub Deo est magister
Johannes Chester exivit decimo die mensis Octobris versus Boston.
Johannes Chester indigena pro iii" quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Mawdlen' de Gowle unde sub Deo est magister
Willelmus Clyffe exivit decimo die mensis Octobris versus Selbye.
Richardus Norman indigena pro x** quarteriis bracii et siliginis

In nave vocata Le Mary de Burnham unde sub Deo est magister
Robertus Manser exivit xv die mensis Octobris versus Novum Cas-
trum. Ricardus Hochenson' indigena pro v** quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Small Barke de Amsterdam unde sub Deo est
magister Anthonius Jacobson exivit xx die mensis Octobris versus
Dover. Johannes Payton indigena pro viii" quarteriis bracii

1 MS., R. O., K. R. Customs, 100/5.

* The names of the merchants in this document occur in the margin of the
account.

' Written in the maigin of the account.

APPENDIX D 709

In nave vocata Le Gylion de Thornham unde sub Deo est magister
Thomas 'Dyxon exivit xx die mensis Octobris versus Barwicum.
Johannes Banyarde indigena pro viii" quarterns bracii

In nave vocata Le Mathewe de Rockl}^' unde sub Deo est magister
Lawrencius Fox' exivit xxi die mensis Octobris versus Barwicum.
Willelmus Robynson indigena pro viii** quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Vnycom' de Dordright' unde sub Deo est magister
Petrus de Bowne exivit xxiii die mensis Octobris versus London.
Thomas Grève indigena pro x** quarteriis bracii

In nave vocata Le Christ de Hunston unde sub Deo est magister
Willehnus Byddon exivit xxiiii die mensis Octobris versus Novum
Castrum. Ricardus Stone indigena pro vi** quarteriis bracii, pro 1
quarteriis siliginis

In batella vocata Le William de Boston unde sub Deo est magister
Henricus Fysshe exivit xxiiii die mensis Octobris versus Boston.
Willelmus Raysbeck* indigena pro iii** quarteriis frumenti et x
quarteriis siliginis

In nave vocata Le Nycholas de Lenne unde sub Deo est magister
Rynnion Shistowe exivit xxvii die mensis Octobris versus Barwicum.
Robertus Jervys indigena [pro] iii" quarteriis frumenti, pro xiii"
quarteriis bracii

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INDEX

Rcfcrenc» îd îutica are of prânc importance for tbe form or cxplânatloa of a word.
D. witfcottl m number refers to a noie carrinl over from the pFCcedîni page.
an, refera Cij more tluLQ o«e note on the pojgc.

Abbeville (tn France), i8i, 223, n. 3,

226 L, 269, 270, 327, 350.
Abbreviations, 455.
Abbreviatio Placitonim, 30, n. 2, 31, n. 3,

49, n- I.
Abeuyie (Abbé\nlle), 26g, 270, 327.
Abingdon, 26, n. i.
Accounts of customs,, enrolled. See

Customs accounts (enrolled).
Accounts, particulars of. Set Customs

accounts (particulars of).
Acenim (steel), 280, 288, 396. 5«^

Asccrum.
Acetura (vinegar)^ 155, 183^ 190. 5«

Vinegar, Vinum acerbum.
Acid (vinegar), iS3, '54-
Acus (needle), 33 x.
Admiralty, Black Book of the, 690.
Ad valorem, 56, 69, 121, 122, 126, 130,

131, 212, 258, 263. See Apprecîalus,

Estimât us, Poundage, Valuation.
Agnus (lamb), 162, 166, 167, 216.
Agriculture, 109, 134.
Aid, new, of 1266, 33-38, 63, 65, 6B, 60,

78, 80, 87, 90. See Auxilium (novum),

Custom (new) of 1266.
Al blades (awl -blades), 579,
Aid borough, 172,
Alemannia, 259, 271, 287, 329. Sec

Germany.
AJgea, 388.
Aliaunts (aliens), 6gt,
Alicnigena (alien), 394, 306, 397, 415^-1

45.S, n* 2. 456 f., 561 f., 60s, 608 f,,

625 f., 684. See Aliens, Hansa.
Aliens, 75, n. i, q2, n. 4, 257-413, 414,

415, 427» 45^1 526, 555. 5^, 561, 59Û.

602, 606^ 607, 624, 634, 635, 646, 647,

687, 6Q1-693. See Alienigena.
All blades (aw! blades), 695. See Awl

blades.
Allea (garlic), 160, r66, 269, 333, 381,

384, See Aleum,
Ailcbaster, 632.
Ailecia (herring), 167, n, i.
Allecium (herring), 161, 171, 172, 174,

177, 178, 180, 181, 184, 191, 19s, 204 f..

216, 321, 269, 314, 3«8, 320, 321, 32s,

326, 335-338, 3^42, 343, 362, 364, 365,

413. See Alîccia, AUex, Herring.
Meum (garlic), 366, 375~379. 3S1» 3^2,

396- 397» 499, 500. 501-503. 507, SoS,

510, 511, 556. See Allium, AJlea.
AUex (herring), too, 37^-3^3, 3^7. 3^,

39I1 39h 54^-550. 556-558. 621, 623,

626, 628, 629, 649. 651-653, 6sj, 656,

65S, 659, 682. See Allecium, Ailecia.
Allium (garlic), 16S, 2t6, 298« j^j, 413»

443t 444. 554, 555. <J^t 622, See

Allcum, Allea, Garlic.
AUuta (superior leather, Spanish), 162,

t6g, 170, 171, 271, 272, 311 f., 317-

320, 322-326, 334, 335. See Allutum.
Atlutum (superior leather), 363, 364^ 367,

369. See All u ta.
Alnmnnia, 517, 518,
Almonds, 167, 346, 69c.
Aloe patici et garbelons, 461.
Alum, Q3, ni, 119, 130, 157, 193, 283,

554. SSS* 635, Sec Alumcn, Aluma.
AJuma (alum), 170, 171, 268, 269, 271,

311 f., 315, 317, 320, 321, 325. See

Atum, Alumcn.
Alumcn (alum), 161, 166, 564. See

Alum, Aluma.
Alymfoyll, 458,
Ambether, 706,
Ambre, 572.
Ambre bedes^ 574,
Ainbrum (amtir), 666, 677» 679,
.\mcrciamenta, 176.
Amfles, Richard, 047, 652. 653, 655, 657,

661, 662, 666, 668, 669, 672, 674, 677,

678, 680.
Amiaa (Amiens), 180, 1$$, 187, 350.
Amiens (in northern France), 225, n. 3,

227 f.
.\migdala, 183, 213. See Amigdalum.
Amigdalum (almond), 169, 170, 182, 183,

268, 269, 311 f., 316, 318, 320-326,

34S, 362-364, See Amigdala, Amig-

dola, Amigdolum.
.\migdola, 271. 5ef Amigdalum.
Amigdolym, t68. See Amtgdalum.

71S

726

INDEX

Amis, 626. See Aume.

Ammbe, 706. See Aume.

Amsterdam, 708.

Ancaragium, 197. See Anchorage.

Anchorage, 22, 23, 167, 194, 198. See

Ancaragium, Ankoragium.
Ancient custome, 92, n. 4.
Ancient custom of 1275. See Antiqua

custuma, Custom (ancient) of 1275.
Ancora (anchor), 160.
Ancoragium (anchorage), 198. See

Ankoragium.
Andeletts, 695.
Andwarpe (Antwerp), 706.
Andwerpia (Antwerp), 301.
Anete (anise), 161. See Anis.
Anglia (England), 468, 526, 542, 546.
Anguilla (eel), 216, 499, 505-511, 622,

650, 672-675, 678. See Conger.
Animals, 66.
Anis (anise), 169. See Anete, Anys,

Annessede.
Ankoragium, 168 f . See Ancoragium.
Annessede (aniseed), 562, 563, 695. See

Anis, Anys.
Antemoyne (antimony), 500.
Antimony, 453.
Antiqua Custuma (ancient custom), 61,

n. 2, 67, n. 5, 262, 263, 265, 266, 393,

394> 396, 521, 602. See Custom

(ancient) of 1275.
Antwerp, 26, n. 3. See Andwarpe,

Andwerpia, Anwarpe.
Anulus (ring), 688, 689.
Anulus aureus, 325, 332.
Anwarpe, 632.
Anys (anise), 161, 312, 315, 326. See

Anis, Annessede.
Apotheca (shop, apothecary's shop), 210.
Apples, 453, 695.
Appreciatus (appraised), 393, 394. See

Estimatus.
Aqua benedicta (holy water), 474, 478.
Aqua rosalie (rose-water), 514.
Aqua vite, 647, 665, 675.
Aquitaine, 36, 42, 45, 69, 95, 258, 259.
Area (chest), 362, 363, 369, 372.
Arcus (bow), 269, 321.
Aremuth, 552. See Armouth.
Argentum (silver), 688, 689.
Argentum vivum (quicksilver), 514.
Argoil, 213.

Armatura (armor), 216. See Armor.
Armewe, 628-630. See Armouth.
Armor, 560. See Armatura.
Armouth (Amemuiden, Zealand), 648,

659, 669, 670, 682, 683. See Aremuth,

Armewe.
Arms, 135.
Armyns (ermine), 695.

Arnold, R., 10.

Arnold's chronicle, 691, nn. 2 and 3, 694,

n. I, 700.
Arreragium, 203.
Ascerum, 210. See Acenim.
Ashes, 174, 4^6, 526, 578, 607, 695. Su

Aysshcs, Cinis, Cineres.
Ashley, W. J., 26, n., 71, n. 8, 89, 116.
AsinVis (ass), 162.
Askys (ashes ?), 555. See Ashes.
Asser (acer, maple wood ?), 214.
Asserugg (Ashndge, hospital in Bucks

and Herts), 201.
Assisa (assize), 215, 220, 221. Set

Assize.
Assize of the Fifteenth, 8. See Assisa,

Winchester assize of 1203.
Asure, 512.
Atton, H. and Holland, H. H., 15, n. 5,

44, n. 2, 61, n. 6, 67, n. 2, 123, 134, 140.
Attomatus (agent), 605. See Dq>utattts,

Factor.
Attomies, 99, n. 3.
Attramentum (ink), 213.
Aubyage,(ambiage, measuring of wine ?),

706.
Auditor, 684.
Auhiage (fee for measuring doth), 36, 78,

n. I.
Aume (ame. Ohm, Kôln wine measure,

1/12 of a Fass), 608, 649, 651, 652.

See Amis, Ammbe.
Aunciene Custume, 75 » ». i . See Ancient

Custom.
Aundyryns (andirons), 463.
Aurum (gold), 215, 511-514, 57^, 576,

577, 689. See Aurum de Venicia,

Aurum vénale.
Aurum de Venicia (gold from Venice),

688.
Aurum vénale (gold for sale), 315, 318-

323. 326, 337, 338.
Auxilium (aid), 78. See Aid, Auxilium

novum.
Auxilium novum, 54, 78, 79. Set x\id

(new) of 1266, Custom (new) of 1266.
Auz, 163.

Avelana (hazel-nut), 609, 610, 612.
Avena (oats), 344, 375. 37». 3^4, 385»

527» 537, 589, 608, 609, 611, 613, 614,

618, 621, 623, 629, 648, 651, 658, 659,

668. See Oats.
Average, 22.

Averium ponderatum (avoirdupois), 328.
Averium ponderis (avoirdupois), 263,

266, 281, 283, 284, 286, 298, 311, 327-

329, 334, 393, 394, 396.
Awl blades, 695. See All blades.
Axis molendini (axle for a mill), 157.
Aysshes, 610, 617. See Ashes.

moEX

727

Bacco (bacon), 582. 5« Bacon.

Bacconeâ (porkers), 383.

Bacma (basin), 166.

Baco (bacon), 273, aBi, 334-342 r 344.

366. 5fc Bacon, Pema, Porcus,
Bacon^ 31, n. i, 32, nn. 4 and 6, 107, 113,

203, 302, 360, 560. Ère Bacco, Baco,

Bacoïies, Bocun, Bako, Peraa, Porcus.
Bacones (porkers), 171, 182, 204-206,

215, 221, 361, 366. Sec Bacon,

Porcus,
Bacon, Sir Francis, 4» 7» I5i 59. 64, 70, 71-
Bacun (bacon), 167* iSet Bacon.
Bages (bags), 562.
Bagge, La, 187, 189, 191,
B^Çg^ (bags), 683,
Bailiffs, 20, 26, 30, 46, n. 3, 53, 95, 97,

136, 143, n.8, 217.
Bailiwick, 30.

Haillage (export tax), 30, 198» 199.
Baiotia (Bayonne), 169, 267, 305, 313,

316,326,351,352, 5re Baona.
Bako (bacon), 581, 584, 593. See Baco,

Bacon.
Bakstonx, 503.
Balby, Francîscus, 114, 4S4. 457. 4^1,

465.489*495. 506, su,
Baldmn, S„ 8.
Baie, 438, 664,

Balena (baleen), 2?^, 337. See Ballen.
Balîage (export tax), 194. Set Baillage,
Ballard, A., 25. n. 2, 28, n. 7, 34, n. 9, 41,

n. 1, 107, n. 2, 13 2.
Ballasta^c (payment for ballast), 22, 29.
Ballen (baîeen), 695. See Balena.
Ballivus (bailifF), 95, 157, 158, 162, 261.
Ballivus quindecime (bailiff of the

fifteenth), 2iQf.
Ballys (balls), 695.
Balson sk^Tines, 196.
Balulml, 160,
Bankars, 573, 575, See Bankers,

Banquers,
Bankers, 464, 477. 478. See Bankars,

Banquers,
Banquers (banquiers, bench covers), 371.

See Bankars, Bankers.
Baona (Bayonne), 187, 190. See

Baiona,
Bard' (? of canvas), 384.
Bardi. Berti (Florentine house of mer-
chants and financiers), 225, 227, 229,

233* J34* Ï35. 237.519.
Barrflut (Barflcur in northern France),

367. See Bcrflet.
Barella (barrel) una, 64^,
Barell, empty, 683.
Barge (balingera), 115.

Barlcv meale, 630. See Bafly mcle,
Ordeum.

Barly mele, 660, 664. See Barley tne&le.

Baronage, 69, n* 4.

Barons, Petition of the, 17, 19, D,

Barrowe, 625,

Barstaple, 426, 434.

Barton, 222, 329, 233, 240.

Bartry (batter>'^), 695. See Bateria,

Battery.
Barwicus (Berwick), 709. See Berwck-

on-Tweed.
Basann (inferior leather, sheepskin ?),

168, 169, 171, 311 f., 31^319. 331-

337, 369-371» See Basanum, Basayna,

Baseyn.
BAsanuM, 363, 360-^^72, See Basana.
Basayna, 351« See Basana,
Baseyn, 162, 214. See Basana.
Bash (lash) rede, 700. See Rede la&he.
Basin, 117, 453, 560. See Basina, Basi-

num, Bassinus, Basyn, Bassen.
Basina (basin), 474t 477. 47^, 4^'- ^**

Basin, Pelvis.
Basinum, 496. See Basin.
Basketts, markett, 672, 682.
Basnett (basinet), 504.
Bassen, 695. See Basin.
Bassinus, 215. See Basin.
Bast, 567,

Basterd (sweet wine), 630.
Bastropez (bast ropes), 507. Sei

Bastmps.
Bastrops, 50J. See Bastropcx,
Basvn, S93* See Basin.
Batella (small boat), 115, 70e, 709, See

Bateilum.
Batclle calc (boat caulk?), 461,4^1^^2,

495-
Batellum, 180, 215, 216. See Batella.
Batcria, i66, 2/5, 269, 367, 370. See

Bartry.
Bate's case, 4, 12,
Batcson, Mary, 18, n. 2, 25, n. a, 35, n. 4,

36, n. 13, 38, n., 44, n. i-
Batillagium (boat-hire), 203.
Batrv% 506, 508. 509. See Batteiy.
Battér>', 360. See Bartry. Batcria,
Battle, 26, n. 3-

Baudriz (a kind of leather ?), 318, 323,
Bayon, 404. See Bayonne.
Bayona (Bayonne), 351-353, 36a, 418,

428-430. See Baiona.
Bayonne (in southern France), 96, 97,

40t. See Baiona, Boona, Bayon.
Beiuis, 560, See Bed»,
Beans, 574, 526. See Faba,
Beaurepaine, C, dc, 13, a. 7, ^S^ n* 3, 40,

nn. I, 4.
Beaver, 193. See Becvcr, Bever,

Bevere.
Bed, 691, See Beddes, Lectus.

728

INDEX

Bed-cloth, 1 1 7. 1 2 1 . Su Beddes, Lectus.
Beddes (bed-cloths), 572. See Bed.
Beddes (beds), 697. See Bed.
Bedes (beads), 562, 566, 570, 579, 580,

605. See Beds.
Beds (beads), 196.
Beef, 302, 360. Su Beffe, Carcosia

bovina, Cames.
Beer, 90, 92, 118, 193, 274, 436, 555» 556,

560, 607, 634, 647. Su Beere, Bere,

Biera.
Beer custom of 1558, 90, 92.
Beere, 437-440, 442, 5Si, 583-585, 589,

590.
Beever, 439, 443. Su Beaver.
Befife, 695. Su Beef.
Begina (cloth, striped cloth), 374, 378.
Begines, 379. Su Begina.
Begyns, 392. Su Begina.
Belandyn, zinziber (a kind of ginger),

511, 512. Su Maykyn (ânziber).
Beletts (billets), 464, 466. Su Bilet.
Bêliez (bellows ?), 465. Su Bellows.
Belle', Dyonisius, 31, n. 4, 207.
Belles (bells), 579. 5«? Bellys.
Bellows, 117, 453. Su Bêliez.
Bellys (bells), 695. Su Belles.
Belts, 117,453.
Bere (beer), 194, 19S, i97, 613, 648, 649,

651» 695. Su Beer, Beere.
Berflet (Barfleur), 186 f., 189, 226 f., 294.

Su Baieflut.
Berkeleye, 426.
Berkely, 434.
Berne, 448.
Berti. See Bardi.
Berwick-on-Tweed, 19, 130, 164 f., 182,

201, 210, 211, 225, 241, 244. See

Barwicus.
Bettcl (merchants), 225, 233-235, 237,

243-
Beuerlacum (Beverley), 281. See

Beverley.
Bever, 478, 481, 573, 695. See Beaver.
Bevere, 213. See Beaver.
Beverley, 25, n. 3, 55, 120, 121, 155, 156,

225, n. 2, 226 f., 231, 242, 244. See

Beuerlacum.
Bezaz (Bazas, in Gironde, France), 350,

.354, 359-
Bibliotheca Lindesiana, 59, n. i.
Bidens (pitchfork ?), 215.
Biera, 499, 508. See Beer.
Biga (load, of salt), 158.
Bilet (billet), 215. See Beletts, Byllets.
Billingsgate (London), 153 f., 688.
Bissus (cloth ornament ?), 269.
Bitirum (butter), 274, 276, 280 f., 289,

660. See Butirum.
Bittors (bitters), 375.

Bitumen (tar), 436, 437, 439-443, 467,

617, 625, 627, 651, 652, 656, 666, 671,

672, 676-679, 682. Su Tar.
Blackstone, W., 15, n. 3, 76.
Bladum (com), 107, n. 2, 156, 160, 165,

170, 172, 218, 221, 263, 266, 285, 318,

322, 325, 334-343, 351, 353, 395, 397,

412, 523, 524. iSee Braseum, Fru-

mentum, Ordeum, Siligo, Vessa.
Blakeney-e, 392, 402, 435, 436, 527.
Blanket, 283. Su Blankettes, Blankct-

tum.
Blankettes, 527, $44, 545- See Blanket.
Blankettum (blanket, fine woolen cloth),

284, 361, 689. Su Blanket.
Blaunche, Johannes, 607, 613.
Blideslowe, 426, 434.
Blobbyr, 615, 618, 619.
Blubber, 606, 607.
Boards, 109, 113, 114, n. i, 374, 436, 647.

Su Bordus, Clippclap, Tunholt.
Boat, 115. iS^Batella.
Bod^ (lamb's fur), 513. See Budge.
Bodm, J., 15, n. 2.
Bodkins, 579, 695.
Boge (lamb's fur), 311, 574, 575, 577-

Su Budge.
Boghestaves, 296, 298. Su Bowstaves.
Bogie, 316, 319. Su Budge.
Bogy-e, 270 f., 272, 324, 573, 576, 578.

Su Budge.
Bokeram, 196, 688. Su Buckram.
Boketts (buckets), 465, 501.
Bokylles (buckles), 486.
Bolles (balls), 376, 390, 437. See

Ballys.
Bolonia (Boulogne), 179, 181 f., 191.
Boloyne, 325, 342. Su Boulogne,

Bolonia.
Bond, 143, 145, 707.
Bondell (bundle), 410.
Bonebedes, 569-572.
Bonetts, 563, 568, 573. See Bonnets.
Bonnets, 560. See Bonetts.
Books, 560. See Liber, Liber impressus,

Libri cum asseribus.
Books, Coast Certificate, 94.
Books of Rates. See Rates (Books of).
Boras (Borax ?), 494, 512, 514.
Bord-e, 296, 298, 670, 682. See Board,

Bordus.
Bordeaux, 14, 57, 142. Su Bourdeaux,

Burdeaux, Burdeues, Burdegalia.
Bordeus, 322.
Bordus (board), 157, 159, 300, 301, 319,

326, 339» 340, 342, 378, s^^f 385-387,

389-392, 439, 671, 679. See Board,

Bord.
Bordus de sappo (fir board), 381, 3S7,

391-

^^V INDEX 729 ^H

Bordus eslrensiua (Easterling board),

Bnggs (Bruges ?), 232. ^^H

^ J7S-377. 379, jS^p 3^5» 390, 392.
Bo» (ôx)p 158, âis, 373, 394.

Bristelies (eels), 507, 622. 5«f BnsUlles. ^^H

Bristeplates, 500. See Brest plates. ^^^|
Bristiiles (eels), 614. See Bnstelles. ^^H

Bo«cus (wood), 176, 177.

Bosham, iq.

Bristol, 19, ^^, 41, 42, n.9. 46, 47. 74t ^^H

Bosses, 571.

n. 4, 105, 106, III, 112, 114, VT5, 1^7, ^^^H

Boston, 29-31, 79, n. i, 96» n. 5, 108,

119^ 120. 124, 200, 246 f., 546 f., 399, ^^^H

109, 113, lis, 116, 119-121, 373 f„

427, 520 f. ^«f' Bnstollum, Brbtowe. ^^^H

K 2SSf,. 399, 516 f., S5S, 708, 709, 5«

Bristol, Little Red Book of, 33, n. 6, 36, ^^H

■ Sanctum Botulphum.

n. 16, 37, n. 4t 46, n. 7. ^^H

■ Botelks, 563, 573. See Bottles,

Bristoll contra rot u!ament\ 124, n. 7. ^^^H

■ BoUller (butler), 211, 212.

Bristollum, 247-249, 346!., 404, 407, ^^H

"^ Botoïf iron, 673.

40^, 4i9i 4^6, 429, 521, 523. Set ^^^H

Bottels, 695. See Bottles.

Bristol, Bristol!^ Bristowe. ^^^H

Bottles, 117, 196, 453» ^35- ^^^ Boteïles,

Brbtowe, 370. See Bristol. ^^^H

Bottels.

B ritannia ( Brittany) ,291. ^^^H

Boulogne, 177- See Boîoyne, Bolonia.

Brokerage, 36. ^^^B

Bourdeaux, 525. Ste Bordeaux.

Brokctts (brocades ?), 513. ^^H

Bovagium, 28, n. 8.

Bromez (brooms), 502. See Bromys. ^^^H

Bowblell CsievÊH:loth) raynes, 695.

Bromys (brooms), 504. See Bromez. ^^H

Bowestaves, 214- See Bowstaves.

Broneswike (BrunswicJt, Germany), 240. ■

Bowstaves, 192, 193, 288, 43<^» 437, 611,

See Bruneswyk. ^^H

616, 647» 666, 67s, 678. Ste Bowe-

Bruges. 2S7, 560, 572. S^ Brugges» ^^H

staves, Boghestaves.

Brydgcs. ^^^H

Box (box-wood), 688.

Bruges, gowlde of, 698. ^^H

Boxum (box'Wood), 489-

Brugewater, 426, 439, 434. See Bridge- ^^H

Boys, W., 26, n. 3, 46, n. 12, 74, n. 2.

water, ^^^H

Brabant, 183. See Brebanda,

Brabond (Brabant) clothe, 699.

Bruggewaulcr, 360. See Bridçewater. ^^H

Bracium (malt), 625, 628-631, 708, 709.

Brunesw>k, 386. See Broneswickc. ^^H

See Braseum, Brasium»

B runum ( rough clotb) ,155. ^^^B

Bracton. H. de. 24. n. 5.

Brusell cloth, 699. S^-f Bnisscl, V

Braseum (malt), 390. See Bracium,

Brushes, 560, 562, 570, 573, 574- See ^^M

Brasium, Malt.

Brushys. ^^^B

Brasile, 580. See Brazil.

Bnisscl, 560, 571,572. 5fr Brusell doth, ^^H

Brasill. 213, Se^ Brazil.

Brusshys, 695. See Brushes. ^^H

Brasillum, 166. See Brazil.

Brydges (Bruges) sattyn, 703. ^^H

Brasium (malt), 215, 275, 282, 283, 286,

Br>7iistonc, 695. ^^^H

344, 345, 538, 608, 61 r, 613-620, 622,

BiicJier, K., 15, n. 2, ir9. ^^^H

648-653, 655, 657, 667. 668, 670, 675^

Buckets, 117^ ^^H

See Bracium, Braseum, Malt.

Buckles, u 7. 453- ^^H

Brass, 560. See Eneum, î^tten.

Buckram, 560, 695. See Bokeram. ^^H

Brassell, 695. See Brazil

Budge (lamb's fur), 695. See Bodge, ^^H

Braiil, 130. See Brcsel, Brésil, Brésil iu m .

Boge, Bogie, Bogy, Buge, Bugge. ^^H

Brebantia, 259. See Brabant.

Buge, 214, 292. See Budge. ^^^|

Bredges (Bruges) thryd, 704-

Buggc, 207, 276, 3H0. See Budge. ^^^H

Brele (Briel, Holland), 423, 531, 534,

Bugge, .\lexander, 12. ^^^H

53S. S39. 545. 548-55I' Set Bricl.

Bukayn (?), 161. ^^H

Breme (Bremen), 436* 449» 537, 539-

Bukf elles, 617. ^^H

Brcsel, 270. See Brazil.

Bullen (bullion), 704. ^^H

Brésil, 161. See Brazil.

Bullcn (bullion ?) sarsenet, 571« ^^H

B resilium , 271. See BraJti! .

Bullyons, 695. ^^H

Brcstbrede, 138.

Bulstrode. Third Part of the Report of ^^H

Brest plates, 571. See Bristeplates,

Edward, 4, n. 5,46, n. II. ^^H

Bridel (bridle) by tts, 571,

But tell um (sieve), 37^^ ^^H

Bridgewater, ia6, 346, 407* See Brigge-

Burdcaux, 395, 523. See Bordeaux, ^^H

water, B rage water, Brugge wauter.

Burdegalia, 270, 347, 34S, 353. See ^^H

Briel, 526. See Brele.

Bordeaux. ^^^H

Brigandine, 578.

Burden (bundle of 6 sheafs of steel), 7OJ, ^^H

Briggc water, 349. See Bridgewater.

Burdeucs, 2^2, See Bordeau3L ^^H

730

INDEX

Burdeusy 316, 388. See Bordeaux. •
Burdeux, 400, 401, 406. See Bordeaux.
Buigandy, 560.
Burgesses, 25, 26, 31, 64, 70, 93, loi, 107,

130, 137, 153* See Burubmannus.
Burgess-ship, 37.
Burgogne (Burgundy), 574.
Bumeham, 609, 708.
Bursa (purse), 458, 465, 466, 485, 438.
Bunihmaimus (burgess), 155. See

Burgess.
Busselage (duty paid per bushel or

measure), 22.
Busshellus (bushel), 458, 462.
Busske clothe, 699.
Butirum (butter), 155, 160, 168, 170,

207, 210, 221, 484, 630. See Bitirum,

Butter.
BuUer, 77, 87, 142.
Butler, king's, 399, 414, 427-
Butlerage (alien's wine custom), 11, 16,

42, 45, n. 2, 66, 67, n. 2, 71, 77, 133,

257, n. 3, 258, 399, 710.
Butlery, 20.
Butter, 31, n. i, 107, 153, 154, 274, 453,

624, 695. See Butirum, Bitirum.
Byfle, pannus de (a kind of cloth), 269.
Byllets, 649. See Billet.
Byndlyns (cloth), 630, 658.
Bytts (bits), 568, 571.

Caballus (pack-horse), 155.

Cabbage, 109, 453. See Caboches.

Cable, 159, 505.

Caboches (cabbages), 499, 502, 504, 506-
508. See Cabbage.

Cacabus (cooking pot), 215, 343, 463.
See Caldron.

Cadamum, 184, 188, 350. See Caen.

Cadas (coarse cloth), 573. See Cadaz.

Cadaz, 161. See Cadas.

Cadie, 157.

Cadys (casks), 696.

Caen, 119, 121. See Cadamum.

Cage, 376.

Cahors, 225, n. 3. See Cahurs, Coours.

Cahurs, 237-239, 241. See Cahors.

Cakys (cakes) spysyd, 6yç.

Calaba (cloth of Calabria ?), 443.

Calaber, 509. See Calabre, Callabur.

Calabre, 213. See Calaber.

Calais, 5, n. 2, 82, 94, 127, 128, 142, 144,
n. 2, 173, 186 f., 239, 242, 243, 595, 596,
601, 602, 624. See Calais due, Calais
money, Caleis, Cales, Calesia, Caleys.

Calais due, 634. Sec Calais.

Calais money, 595. See Calais.

Calamcntum (calamint), 213.

Calciamentum (shoe), 630. See Shoes.

Caldron, 291. See Cacabus.

Caldron fumids, 166.

Caleis, 692, 693. See Calais.

Cales, 650, 652. See Calais.

Calesia, 600, 60JH605, 625, 628, 629, 640-
645. See Calais.

Caleys, 318, 404. See Calais.

Calfskins, 120, 553, 560, 634.

CaUbs (steel), 374-376, 383-387, 39h
500, 507-509. See Steel.

Caliga (hose), 168, 270 f., 315, 320, 321,
327-333, 453, 458, 460, 465, 468-470,
473, 474, 476, 479, 481, 485, 486, 494,
495, 497, 498.

Callabur, 696. See Calaber.

Cabc (lime), j/5, 319-

Camba (hemp), 510. See Cambe.

Cambe (hemp), 499, 503. See Camba.

Cambray, 327-329, 332.

Camemerycke clothe, 699.

Camfer (Caumfer, Zealand), 450, 542,
640, 650, 660.

Camlets, 560.

Campe (Campen ?), 541, 545-

Canabus (canvas), 160, 163, 169, 170,
319, 334, 347, 361, 364, 367, 383-385,
527, 534, 571, 573, 575, 580, 581. See
Canobus, Canvas, Canevaciimi.

Cancellarius regis (king's chancellor),
407.

Candela (candle), 336, 483, 493, 636-
639. See Candell, Candel.

Candelabra, 459, 462, 474, 478, 480, 496,
560, 593.

Candell woke (wick), 667. See Candela.

Candel, Peris (Paris), 621. 5^ Candela.

Candi (Candia), 5/2.

Canella (cinnamon), 342, 495, 51 1-5 13.
See Kanelle.

Canevacium (canvas), 269, 272, 322,
323, 340, 341. See Canabus, Canvas.

Canevas, 163.. See CsinwLs.

Canevasium, 214. See Canevacium.

Canobus, 279, 289, 291, 294. See Cana-
bus.

Canopies, 117. See Celora.

Canterbury, 26, nn. i and 3, 31, 34, n. 9,
46, n. 2.

Canvas, 31, n. 4, 109, 128, 167, 196, 197,
274, 454, 456, 478, 486, 502, 503, 555,
560, 562, 563, 568-570, 573, 577-579r
612, 616, 647, 650, 655, 670, 671, 683,
696. See Canabus, Canevacium.

Canynges (merchants of Bristol), 114-

Cap, capp, cappe, 1 1 7, 1 18, 573, 647, 660,
665. See Capella, Capella fern,
Cappa.

Capasa (case or receptacle ?), J64,

Capella (cap, helmet), 288, 291, 297,
298. See Cap, Cappa.

Cap)ella ferri (helmet), 504, 505.

H^^™ 731 ^^M

Cappa (cap, mantie?), 458, 466, 484,

Casula (mantle), 162. Sec M&nCeUum. ^^H

■ 5«8, 571, Set Cap, Capella,

Catalla (chattels), 156, ^^H

f Capper (cap-maker)» 683,

Cathalonia, 259. ^^^H

Capr', 640.

Caturlinium (C^yercy), 259. ^^^H

Capra (she-goat), 162,

Cattis (cat), 162, 113. ^^H

Capriolus (roebuck)^ 162.

Caunfcr (Caumfcr)» 425. See Camfer, ^^

Capris (capers ?), 4^*1, 5i3i 3N-

Cave stonne^ 197.

^ Captait). Hce Magister» Rector navis.

Cebum (tallow), 664, 680. See Cepum,

H Carbones (coals), 157* ^14, 317, 320, 321, ,

Sebum.

■ 335. 326, 334-336, 338-340, 34^» 343.

Celeragium (cellarage), 203.

■ 363 , 366 , 63 1 , 63 3 , 68 2 , See Carbones

Celora (canopy of a bed), 454, 463-465,

f marini, Carbones terre, Coals.

478, 485, 489. See Canopies.

Carbones marini, 177, 361, 365,

Centena (hundredweight), 359, 385.

Carbones terre, 273,

Ceoi (lai^çe vessel), 154. See Ciel, Chid,

Carcagimn (loading ?), 203.

Kyi.

Carcosia (carcase) bovina, 361, 366.

Cepa (onion), 160, 169, 170, 195, 216,

Carcosia multonim, 361, 366.

269, 3Si. 366, 37S-37Q, 381, S^h 395- ,

Card, 106.

Carda (card), 500, 508, 509, See Card,

397, 498-500, 50^-508, 510, sii. See

Cepc* Cepum, Onions.

K Cardes.

Ccpe. 166. See Cepa.

■ Cardebordus, 505» «See Carda.

Cepym (? cepa, omon)» 378. See Cepa.

■ Cardes, 563, 56S, 570. See Carda.

Cepimi (tallow), 160, 183, 200, 413, 636- ^^^1

H Cardes>playeng, 701.

639. See Cebum, Sepum, Talgh. ^^^H

■^ Cardiff, 46.

Cera (wax), i6i, î66, 169, 170, 183, i86, ^^M

Cardigan, 40, n. 4, 46.

209, 213, 218, 263, 266 f., 289, 290, ^1

Cards (hinge or tbistle ?), 270, 275.

292 L, 306-311, 355. 334, 35^, 35h ■

Carccta (cart), 203.

367, 369, 370, 373-375, 377, 3»*, 3^> ■

Carcctatum (cart-load), i6o. See ChA-

389, 392-394, 396, 43&-44i, 445, $01- ^^M

■ rectata.

503, 50s, SII, 513, S14, 5SS, 588, spo» ^^m

■ Car^o, s^*^' . ^

594, 616, 622, 623, 645, 666, 674r 677» ^^H

■ Cariagium (carnage), 203.

678,684. 5feCyre,Wax. ^

■ Carmarthen, 346. See KcrnierdvTi.

Cereals, 647.

" Carncs (meat), 334, 33^. 337, 339, 343,

Cencus, 213. Sec Sericum.

460. 5>c Baco, Carnes bovine, Camcs

Certiôcate, 49, 98, 143, 144, 707.

saisc, Carcosia bovina, Carcosia mid-

Ccrlîfîcate Books, 145.

torum, Caro.

Ccrvisia (beer), 273, 274, 283.

C4irnes bovine, 302. See Carncs.

Ceta {? saeta, bristle), 321, 322.

Cames saJse, 462- See Cames»

Chaffte ellys (shaft-eels) , 697. See Shaf-

Caro, 221. See Cames.

tellcs.

Carpet, 196, 453. Sec Carpetts.

Chaforz (chafing dish, saucepan), 464,

Carpelts, 514, 575, Sec Carpet.

465,477.478,487.

Carraca, 640, 641. Set Carrack.

Chak (chalk), 157^

Carrack, 635. Sec Carraca.

Chalon (blanket, bed-coverlet, cïoth of

Carriage, expenses for, 200»

ChAlons?), 527, 535, 536, 539, S4T-

Careeys, 66j, 670. See Kerseys.

544, 546, 55 Î, 553. See Coopertorium,

Cart, 56, See Carecta.

Coverlet.

Carta Mcrcatoria (1303), 6, 9,37. n. 2, 54,

Chalons (Chalons, France), 347» See

66, 67-69, 136, i43t n. 5, 258 f., 265.

Chalon.

Carvela (caravel), 115.

Chalon>^m, 436. See Chalon.

Caseum (cheese), 15s, 160, 168, 170, 172,

Chalonyeme (Chalons yam), 440-442.

178, 179, 190, 191, 203 f., 207. 210, 22 Î,

Ser Chalon. ^_

276, 280, 281, 315, 334-33<>» 341* 342,

Chamdet, (;it, 577. «STrir Camlets. ^^^|

344, 345» 457-461, 473, 474, 477, 4^5» ,

Chamlett, 579, 696. See Camlets, ^^H

487. 48g, 495, 505, 5/4, 581» 636, 639.

Chamelct. V

See Qiaium, Cheese.

ChamDcneys, Ad&m, 4, n. i. ■
Chapclett, 466, 485* ■

Casium, 548. See Caseum.

Caskctt, 573.

Chapelle, La, 228, 229. ■

Cast, plymbum, 583, 585, 588.

CbarcctaU (cart-load), 349, 359. See ■

C^st, sta^um, 586.

Carfctatum. H

CastyU (Castile) sope, 70a.

Charges (loads), 498, 499. ■

73^

INDEX

Charter, 23, 24, ^7, n. 2, ^8, 69.
Charter of liberties (1302), 36.
Chaunre (? chanvre, hemp), 163. See

Camba.
Cheese, 31, n. i, 32, n.4, 107, 118, 120,

153» 154, 167, 193» 203, 453, 526, 696.

See Caseum, Casium.
Chênes (chains), 696.
Chepestowe, 247.
Ch^tow, 46, 210, 212, 247.
Chereburg, 246.

Chéniel, P. A., 13, n. 7, 38, n. i.
Chest, 49, 95, 360. See Coffers, Coffyns,

Cophinus.
Chester, 19, 29, 30, 105, 106.
Chestre, 252.
Cheyrs (chairs), 477.
Chichester, 98, 105, n. 7, 393. See

Cicestria, Cycestria.
Chiel (large vessel), 37, n. 7. Su Ceol,

Ciel, Kyi.
Chirograph, 49, 217, 220.
Chorus (measure of grain), 661.
Chronica Majora, 57.
Churchtoll, 158.
Cicestria, 74, n.4, 188, 222, 408, 426.

See Chichester.
Ciel (large vessel ?), 40. See Ceol, Chiel.
CiUcium (hair-shirt), 326.
Ciminum (cumin), 161, 170, 312 f., 316-

320, 322-324, 371. Su Cyminum.
Cinciber (ginger), 161.
Cindalum (cendal), 263, n. 2. Su

Sandallum, Sendalum, Sendillum,

Sindone, Syndalle.
Cindatum (a kind of cloth), 263.
Cinders, 707, n. 2. See Cineres, Cinis,

Sanders, Sendres.
Cineres, 375-377, 385, 386, z^Â, 389,

391, 437, 439, 441, 471, 483, 501-503,

.507, 551, 677-679- See Cinis.
Cineres de wood, 214. See Cinis.
Cingnis (?), 375.
Cinis (ashes, cinders, potash), 157, 209,

276, 286, 296, 298, 666. See Ashes,

Cineres.
Cinnamon, 167. See Canella, Sinamon,

Synanon.
Cinque Ports, 18, 26, n. 3, 30, 46, 93.
Cipres (Cyprus), 511, 513. See Sipers.
Circli, Albi (Italian merchants), 519.
Circli, Nigri (Italian merchants), 519.
Ciricum (silk), 572, 575, 576, 579. See

Siricum.
Cirke (Cerchi, Italian merchants), 225,

226, 230, 231, 233, 235.
Ciroteca (glove), 155, 458, 617. See

Siroteca.
Cista (chest), 504, 650, 667, 677-679.

See Chest, Cophinus, Kysta.

Cista vacua, 504.

avillia (Seville), 580.

Clapholt, 197, 616, 617, 647, 676-679.
Su Clapholte, Qapold, Cb^p owlde,
Clippclap.

Clapholte, 627.

Clapold, 671. Su Clapholt.

Clapp owlde, 696. Su Clapholt.

Clark, Baron, 4.

Clavus (clove, weight of wool), 350, 603,
n. I, 604, n. I.

Clericus (clerk), 408. See Qerk.

Clerk, 99, 399. Su Clericus.

Cleys, John, 113.

Clipclap, ctipxdapp (cut boards), 120,
467,481,486,498,501.

Clipping, 383, 392, 439, 444, 445-

Gogges, 509. Su Pa^ms.

Qoth, 18, 19, n., 20, 31, n. 4, 36, 65, 66,
72, 73, 75, 78, n. I, 82, 83, 8s, 88, n. i,
90, 91, 106, 108, 109, III, nn. 3 and 4,
113, n. 5, 114-118, 120, 121, 123, 126-
128, 134, 148, 153, 154, 192, 213, 257,
264, 267, 273, 274, 288, 302, 346, 360,
374, 393, 394, 4", 4I4, 4iS, 435, 436,
452, 453, 526, 553, 560, 561, 606, 607,
624, 634, 63s, 647, 67s, 683, 687, 690,
691, 694, 606, 699-701, 705. Set
Clothes, Goths, Pannus.

Cloth custom of 1347. See Custom
(cloth) of 1347.

Clothes, peynted, <k55. Seedoth.

Goth exported, 72, 73, 82, 83, 91, 92,
116.

Cloth for sale, subsidy of, 78.

Cloth imported, 72, n. 4.

Cloth painted, 196. See Cloth.

Cloths, old, 526. Su Cloth.

Cloves, 66$, 696. Su Clowys.

Clowte (package) of nedylles, 701.

Clowts pynes (package of pins), 563.

Clowys (cloves), 511-513. Su Clox-es.

Coals, 108, 121, 130, 133, 192, 197, 302,
360, 624, 647, 702, n. 2. Su Coles,
Colles, Colys, Carbones.

Coast bonds, 141, n. 5, 145, n. i, 707.

Coat of mail, 18.

Cobbordes (cupboard), 503.

Cocket, 6, 95-98, 143, 144, 224, 239,
244, 249, 250, 254, 407, 516, 634, 693.
See Cokettum.

Codde fyshe, 627.

Code (codfish), 387.

Cofers, 679.

Coffers, 696. See Cophinus.

Coff>Tis (chest), 574. Su Cophinus,
Chest.

Cokectatus (sealed with cocket), 688.

Cokectum, 517 f. Su Cocket, Coket-
tum.

INDEX

733

Coke, Sir Edward, 5-8, 14, 44, n. a, 72,
76.89.

Cokettmn, 255» 256, 601, 603-605^ 640-
646, 68 1 , 684. See Cocke t, Cokectum.

Cokestre, 400, 40 j. See Colcestm,
Colecestcr.

Cdlœstria (Colchester), 426, 434.

Coïecester, 222, See Colccstria*

Cole f3rsch, 194^ igô^ 197.

Cole piscis» 571 1 578.

Cblcn (Kôln) !>ylke, 704. See Colonic.

Coles, 667, 66S. See Coals.

Colina, Colyne, 410. See Coloaia.

Collector, w>, 49» 63, 81, n. s, 95-98, 141,
142, 143, n. 8, 144, li. a, IS9, «• 3. J74.
175, 225, n.6, 250, 254, 288, 350-353,
359. 360. 374, 393. 394, 39^398, 400,
407, 409, 4»^ 415» 437, 43^ 520, 523,
525 p 554i 596, 600, n. I, 602, 607, 608,
624, 631, 633, é^s, 648, 684t 707- ^f^
BalUvus, Custos, Custunmrius, Re-
ceptor.

Colles, 670. See Coab.

Colly n (KOlji) hympe, 699. See Colon ia.

Coïoinc (Kôin ?), 241, See Colon la.

Coloma (Koln), 210, 280, 283, 285, 293,
297, 298, 386, 509, 516. See Colen,
Colina, CoUyn, Coloine, CoI>ti,

Color, 5 1 1, 512, 688, 697.

Colyn thred, 704. See Coloma.

Colys, sec, 64q^ 657, 659, 671, 672, 680,
Se^ Coals.

Combehedes, 500.

Combs, 196, 560, 647, 660.

Comissio (commission)» 407, 408.

Commenda (partnership), 113.

Commissioners, 43, n. 3.

Commons, House of, 4, 10, 40, n. 4, 69,
n, 4, 73, 81, 83, n. 13. 84. 90, 91, 103,
223,414, 515,523-

Commutation, 17, 42» 43. 45i S7i ^7. 68,
87.

Commyn (cumin), 696,

Compainon (partner), 226 f.

Compasses, no, 453, 499.

Comyn (cumin), jdp. See Commyn.

Confectum (confection), 513, 514. Set
Confita.

Confirmatio Cartarum, 16, 11.6, 60, 79,
n. 2.

Confita (confecta, confection), 342. See
Confectum.

Conger, 175, 362, 364. 373i 4*2, 639, 696.
See Eels»

Conis (cony), 162, 163. See Cony skins,
Pelles cuniculorum.

Conjunct» (partners), 113. See Partner-
ship.

Comtanlinople, iB.

Consuetudmes et Usus Sandi*nci, ai.

Consuetudo, 5, 19, n,, 23, 31, n.3, 34,

n- lOr S4i 55, n.3, 153, 164, 165, 167,

210, 220, 247, 260, 262.
Contrarotulamcntum (counter-roll), 561,

594.
Contrarotulator (controller), 455, 527,

554. 561, 596» 603, 607, 608, 623, 635,

644, 658-660, 662, 663, 665, 670, 672>

676, 680, 684, 687.
Controller, 20, 49, 95-97, 99, n. 1, 141,

142, 217, 452, 526, 537, 560. See

Cowntrowler.
Cony skins, 120, 192, 607. Se« Conis.
Cony skynes, 606.
Coopertorium (co^^rkt), 162, 568, 681.

See Chalon, Copertorium, Coverlet.
Coopertorium ad Icctura, 281, 283,
Coopertura domorum (roof), 157.
Coours, 233. See Cahors.
Coper, 674, 675. See Coper ware,

Copper.
Copcrose, 213, 386. See Copp)eras,
Copertorium (coverlet), 459, 463, 466-

469, 477, 478, 480, 494. See Cooper-
torium.
Coperus, 696. See Copperas.
Coper ware, 572. See Copper, Coper.
Cophious (coffer), î6ï. See Chest,

Coffers.
Copper, 374, 436, 647, 696, 702. See

Coper, Coper ware.
Coppolas, 374. See Coperose, Coperus,

Coprose.
Copper, rede, 70a. See Capper.
Coprose, 50s* See Copperas.
Copula (a measure, of figs and raisins),

172^351 f-

Coralium (coral), 689, See CorraUe.

Corbie (in northern France), 225, n. 3,
227 f. See Corbye, Corby.

Corby, 325. See Corbie.

Corbye, 305, 306, 342, 343. Set Corbie.

Corda (rope), 159, 160, 378, 411.

Corda pro vclis, 501. Se4 Corda.

Corde, 163. See Corda.

Corde van, 163. See Cordovan.

Corde wan, 214. See Cordovan.

Corde wana ,412. See Cordovan .

Corde wane , a i o. See Cordovan .

Cordcwanum, 504, 50^, 511. See Cor-
dovan.

Cordovan, 119. See Corde wan, Corde*
wanum, Cordevan, Cordcwana, Cor-
duanum.

Corduanum, j6ç. See Cordovan.

Coreum (hide), 162, 1^7, 179, 183, 184,
245 f., 516 f., 521, 522, See Corium.

Coreum siccum, 209.

Coreum tannatum, 214.

Corfe, 470, 473* S^Q, 5 10.

734

INDEX

Corium, 69, 108, 170, 171, 254 f., 262,

265, 269, 303, 306, 347, 349» 350, 357,

360, 376, 379, 380--383. 385, 386, 388,

391, 393, 394, 409-411, 465, 466, 474,

485, 527, 596 f., 602 f., 607. Set

Coreum.
Corium bovuum (ox-hide), 379. See

Corium.
Corium tannatum, 681, 688. See

Corium.
Corium vaccinum (cow-hide), 387. See

Corium.
Cork-c, 296, 436, 439, 445, 563, 564, 658,

696.
Corkel, 318, 342.
Corn, 17, 18, 66, 85, 107, 108, 114, 121,

128, 130, 134, 13s, 167, 192, 302, 346,

360, 522. See Bladum.
Comage (homgeld), 3<, n. 4.
Comage (wine custom), 35, 6$, 131, 133.

See Wine custom (semi-national).
Comstone, 288. See Quemestone.
Comu (horn), 460, 461, 470, 474, 477,

480, 484, 493, 510, 632.
Comubia, 245. See Cornwall.
Cornwall, 46, 112, 120, 210. See Cor-

nubia.
Corones (currants), 696. 5m Corons.
Corons (currants), 702. See Corones.
Corralle, 696. See Coralium.
Corrium, 684. See Corium.
Corsses (corslets), 696.
Cortex (bark), 177.
Corvile (Courville ?), 183.
Costers (hanging for a bed), 506.
Costomer (collector of customs), 694.

See Customer, Custumarius.
Coton, 193, 320, 321, 325, 329, 555, 563,

569, 572, 579-581, 656. See Cotton.
Cotonrusset (coarse cotton cloth ?), 581,

582, 585, 587-591, 593, 594. See Rus-
set.
Coton wolle, 554, 696. See Coton,

Cotton.
Cotoun, 278. See Cotton.
Cotton, 119, 167, 503, 514, 635, 647, 696.

See Coton, Coton wolle, Cotoun,

Cotun.
Cotun, 161, 169, 171, 222, 271. See

Cotton.
Couchebedde, 568.
Council of Magnates, 523. See Lords

(House of) , Parliament.
Counterfait (counterfeit), 578.
Counters, 616, 659, 666, 667, 671.
Countours (counters), 616, 617. See

Counters.
Couple, 511, 512. See Copula.
Coursfissh (stockfish), 2jd.
Cousschenes, 700. See Cushions.

Coventria, 488. See Coventry.
Coventry, 120, 647, 660. See Coventria.
Coventry girdles, 453.
Coverlets, 117, 118, 120, 121. See

Coverietts, Coveriit, Coopertorium,

Copertorium, Kevcrlct.
Coverietts, 572, 607, 613, 615, 619, 621.

See Coverlets.
Coveriit, 215. See Coverlets.
Cowel, J., 8.

Cowntrowler, 694. See Contxx>I]er.
Cowpes (cups ?), $68.
Co3r8 (a kind of fish ?), 210.
Cramery wares (small wares, pedkr's

goods), 624. See Cremeny, ciemery,

and cr3rmeny wares.
Cranage (payment for use of crane), 22,

90.
Cranekeepers, 99.
Craspi[s]cis (coarse fish, whale, sturgeon),

155. See Grascus piscis.
Cray (craiera), 115.
Creca, 624, 633, 648, 707. See Creek.
Creek, 105. See Creca.
Cremeny wares, 627. See Cramery

wares.
Cremery wares, 650, 661, 683. See

Cramery wares.
Cremesyn (crimson), 511, 512. See

Crimesyne.
Crest cloûie, 696.
Crimesyne (crimson), 560, 578, 579.

See Cremesyn.
Crinis (hair), 632.
Cristalbedes, 572.
Crocus, 161, i^, 213, 291, 348, 513, 581,

665. See Saffron.
Croopjelyng, 703. See Cropling.
Cropling (stockfish), 156, 387. See

Croopelyng, Croplyng.
Croplyng, 216^ 611, 618. See Cropling.
Croppe mather (madder), 700.
Crosbowe, 563.
Crouch, H., 8, 11, 43, n. 3, 44, n. 2, 697,

n. 2.
Crouses, 440. See Cruse.
Crule (worsted yam), 574.
Cruse, 196, 499, 562, 563, 567, 568, 606.

See Crouses, Crusis.
Crusis, 622. See Cruse.
Crymeny wares, 630. See Cramery

wares.
Culatra (a measure or weight), 210.
Culiagium, 201.
Culm, 707, n. 2.
Cultellaria (cutlery), 327. See Cute-

leria.
Cultellus (knife), 270, 488, 507, 562, 569-

571, 573-575, 578-580, 660. See

Cutellus.

INDEX

735

CeuucuIus (rabbit), 162, 209. Set: Pelles

cufiiculorum.
Cunningham, T., S.

Cunmngbam, VV., 44, n. i^ 123, 137, n, 4»
Cunterfett canvas, 696.
Cupe waad (wood)^ 193.
Cupnim (copper), ï6î, 20c, 313» igi,

298, 438, 456, 501, 502, 50s, 509, S90.

Sfe Copper.
Cuprum rubeum, 456.
Currants, 93. See Corones, Corons.
Curtains, 117.
Curtina (curtain), 454» 463-465, 478,

485, 487, 489, 497. Se€ Curtains,
Cushions, 560, See Cousschencs, Cus-

shens, Cusshyns,
Cusshens, 562, 571, 573, 575- See

Cushions*
Cusshyns, 649. See Cushions,
Custa (cost), 200, 684. See Expenses.
Custom (ancient) of 1275, 7, 13, n. 3, 14,

36, sç-Ôs, 67, 68, 74-78, 85» 86, 89, 90,

92t 04, 105, Î08. 110, 112, 131, 133,

223-256, 265, 595, 602, 690. See

Antiqua cusluma.
Custom and subsidy, 85, 86, 257, 606,

624, 634. See Custuma et subsidium.
Custom, cloth, of 1347. 6, 7, 65, 66, 72-

75, 86, 89, 90, 93, 108, 112, 131, 134,

4 14-435 f 452, 606, 690, See Custuma

pannorum et lectorum.
Custom, commuted, 45.
Customer, 99, n. 3, See Costomer,

Custumarius.
Custom, great (of ia75), î4t ^*^ 7^« S6,

See Custom (ancient) of 1275.
Custom, (later) great, 61, 7J-77, 85, 86.

See Custuma (magna).
Custom, new, of 1 166, 66. See Aid (new)

of 1266.
Custom, new, of 1275, 59, 60, 66, 223,

257. See Custom (ancient) of 1275,
Custom, new, of 1394, 60, 66. See Sub-
sidy of 1 294.

Custom, new, of 1303, 7, î6, 31, 60-62,
65-77, 80, 81, 83, 85-87, 89, 90, 107,
108, no. 112, lis, 131, 133, 135, 143,
257-413, 435-45*. 595» 602, 606, 690.
See Custuma (nova).

Custom of 1558 on French imports, 90.

Custom on wine (new custom of 1303,
butleragc), 66, 67, 210 f, 357, n. 3,

258. See Butleragc, Custuma vino-
rum (nova).

Custom on wine (semi-national custom).

Set Comage, Wine custom (semi-

national).
Custom, petty, 14, 32, 73*77. SS-^»?, HSf

n. 6, iq8. 257, 414, 4^S-5H, 606, 634,

See Custuma (parva).

Custom, petty* and subsidy, 85.

Customs accounts. 142.

Customs accounts, enrolled, 6, ro, 142,

ï43p 710,
Customs accounts, particulars of, 6, 10,

II, 77, 136, 140-142, 710.
Customs and subsidies, 86-S9. 98, 99,

n. 6, 132, 257, 634, 64Ô, See Custurae

et subsidia.
Customs and subsidy on wool, woolfells,

and hides, 85,86, 144, n. 2, 595-605,634.
Customs, assize of, 217 f.
Customs, consolidation of. 85-S9, 132.
Customs, development of the, 10, 13, 22,

as, 53, 57. /o. 101-103.
Customs documents. Set Documents.
Custom's Duties, Table of, 125.
Customs, economic aspects of, 3.
** Customs,'' j^reat, 22.
Customs, institutionai history of the, 3-

103,
Customs, legal cases of, 4.
Customs, literature of. 3-12,
Customs, local, 7, 10, 14, 16, 19, 21-27,

31* 32* 35. 45* 74. 78. 90, 93, 94, 107,

138, 130, 131, 136, 137, Hï» I53-Ï99-
Customs, manorial, 16,
Customs, national, 7, 10, 14, 19, 21, 22^

25-^7i 35. 45f 47, 4». 57, 65, 74, 90, 93,

107, 131, 132,141, 153.
Customs ofHcials, p^-ioi, 110, 121, 123,

124, 127, 136, T41, 217, 223, 267.
Customs of London, 8, 123.
Customs on wool, woolfcUs, and hides,

86, 87,9s, 96. 9^f 131. 25O'
Customs, origin of, 5, 7, 9, to, 12, /j^^/,

23-26, 29, n,6, 30, 31-33, 35» 44, 45,

56, 65, 67, 68.
Customs, scmi^national, ^7-50, 52, $$,

57,67,90,95. 131, 132, 200 f.
Customs, surveys of, 3, 690,
Customs system, national, of King John,

Customs taxation, 12Ç-IJ4,
Customs, town. See Customs (local).
Customs warrants, 143, 144, n. a. See

Warrant, \Va ran turn.
Custos (keeper), 95, 154, 175, aiç f-, 265,

360,
Custuma, 153, 159, n. 3.
Custuma de Sandwico, 26.
Custuma ct subsidium, 634, 633, 6S8.

See Custom and Subsidy.
Custuma, magna, 75, n. 3, 87, n. 1, See

Custom (later) great.
Custuma mcrcati, 169-172.
Custuma, nova (new custom), 66, 87,

9^1 »^* 5» 159. n. 3, 245. See Custom

(new) of 1303, Custuma vinorum

Cnova)«

736

INDEX

Custuma pannorum et lectorum, 72,
415!., 427 f. See Custom (cloth) of

1347.

Custuma, parva (petty custom), 87, 194,
199, 213, n. I, 436, 455, 607, 624,
645, 646. See Petty Custom and
Subsidy.

Custuma, recta (right or legal custom),
164.

Custumarius (customer), 95, 408, 684.
See Customer.

Custuma ville (town custom), 19, 23, 26,
31, 32, 67, 90, 154, 185.

Custuma vinorum, nov^a, 45, n. 2, 74,
n.4, 87, n. I, 258, n. I, ^99. See
Butlerage, Custom on wme (new
custom of 1303).

Custume antique, 262, 263.

Custume et subsidia, 607, 635, 648, 684.
See Customs and Subsidies.

Custume et subsidium, 596 f., 602 f.,
607, 645, 689. See Customs and Sub-
sidy on wool, woolfells, and hides.

Custume, la novele, 223 f., 225. See
Custom (new).'"

Custimie, nove, 346.

Custume, petite, 211.

Cuteleria (cutlery), 328, 331, 332. See
Cultellaria, Cutle^.

Cutellus, 649. See Cultellus.

Cutlery^ 109. See Cultellaria, Cuteleria.

Cycestna, 187. See Chichester.

Cyminum (ciunin), 166. See Ciminum.

Cyphus (scyphus, cup) de mazer, 272,

329,331. ^ ,
Cyphus (cup) de plane, 331.
Cyre (wax), 163.
Cyuile (Seville), 269. See Seville.

Dacer (dicker, of hides), 20c.
Dactalus, 640. Sec Dactylus.
Dactylus (date), 317, 336. See Dactalus,

Dates, Dattylus, Datys.
Dagger, 117, 453, 560, 571, 574, 575.

See Dagger.
Dagger, 489. See Dagger.
Damask-e, 512, 560, 575, 577, 578, 688,

697.
Damaske, gowld of, 698. See Damask.
Damdok (narrow cloth ?), 436, 446, 447,

449, 450, 452, 527, 530, 533, 535, 541,

542, 546-548, 551- See Damdokys.
Damdokys, 446. See Damdok.
Dansk (Danzig), 125, 159, 526, 528, 534,

538, .540-543, 546, 550-553- See

Danzig.
Dansyk, 666, 675-679, 681. See Danzig.
Danzig, 163, 526. See Dansk, Dansyk,

Danzik.
Danzik, 446, 447, 450-452. See Danzig.

Dartmouth, 49, n. i, 106, in, 117, 274,

394. See Dertemude, Dertemue,

Dertemund, Dertemutha, Dertemuth.
Dates, 40s, 496, 506, 509, 511, S14. See

Dactylus.
Dattylus, 268, 312, 315, 316, 318. See

Dactylus.
Datys, 613, 697. See Dates, Dactylus.
Davies, Sir John, 4-7, 1 1, 15, 27, 43, n. 5,

59, 61, 62, 64, 92, 521, n, I.
Deals (fir or pine board), 436, 647. See

Dele, Delys.
Debylle, 697.

Dele, 214, 501, 666. See Deals.
Delisle, L., 13, nn. 5 and 7, 38, n« i.
Delys, 436, 437, 443, 555, 616. See

Deals.
Demarest, Miss £. B., 16, n. 4.
Demesne, ancient^ 47.
Demesne, royal, 26.
Denarata, jjo. See Denariata.
Denaria Calesie (Calais due), 600, 601,

640, 642, 643, 645.
Denariata (penny's worth), 311 f. See

Denarata.
Denarius (penny, money), 219 f., 262,

268,288,398,684. 5ce Denarius Dei,

Denarius numeratus, Pecunia.
Denarius Dei (God's penny), 260.
Denarius numeratus (counted money),

278. See Denarius, Pecunia numexata.
Denewicz, 434. See Dimwich.
Depe (Dieppe), 188, 190, 236, 237.
Deputatus (deputy), 687H389. See

Deputies.
Deputies, 99.
Derbyshire, 117, 120.
Dertemude, 179. 5e« Dartmouth.
Dertemue, 222. See Dartmouth.
Dertemund, 282, 287, 289, 290, 293, 299.

See Dartmouth.
Dertemuth, 353. See Dartmouth.
Dertemutha, 251, 395, 426, 429, 524-

See Dartmouth.
Devem, 693. See Denarius.
Devoirs (?), 693. See Denarius.
Devonshire, 112, 120.
Dexmutha (Exmutha), 523-525. See

Exmouth.
Diamonds, 126.

Diaper, 665. See Diapor, Dyaper.
Diapor, 683. See Diaper.
Diep, 640. See Dieppe, Depe.
Dieppe (in France), 177 f. See Depe,

Diep.
Dingemue (Teignmouth ?), 247.
DioU' vitrum (dial glass ?), 504.
Discus (dish), 269, 326. See Dishes.
Dishes, 464, 485, 560. See Discus,

Disshes, Dyshis.

^r INDEX 737 ^l

Dismes (tentliB), i6.

Dunwich, 26, 182, 192, See Dencwicz, ^^|

Dis&hes, 563, See Dishes.

Donewic, Donewych, Dunwiz, Dun- ^H

Doblet(dublet),489.

wyce. ^^M

Document, 3, 4, 10-13, 33, 57» 59, 61,

Dimwiz, 222. See Dunwich. ^^|

64, D6, 69, 73, 94, 96, 97, n. 3, 104,

Dunwyce, 4^6, See Dunwich. <^H

^05» ii3ï ii5i "9» 120, 122, 124, i28j

Durdreght, 415* S3>^> 540, 548, 549, 597- ^H

129, 135, 140-146, 153 f*, 553t SS4,

599. See Dordrecht. ^^M
Durdrich, ^^i. See Dordrecht, ^H

710-

Documents, exchequer^ 8, 35.

Dutch, 374. ^H

1 Dogestonys (millstones), 697. Set Dog-

Dj'aper, 571, S7a, 579. 5«rer Diaper. ^M

stons, Milistones.

Dye, III, 117,453,647. ^H

Dogtasse (a kind of cloth), 696.

Dyer, Sir James, 4. n. 3, 5, 64, 65, 92, ^M

L Dogstom, 625; 626» 629. Sec Dc^e-
1 stonys.

Doion (? imiution fur), 468, 495.

Dynaunt (Dinant, Belgium), 347, ^H

Dyshis, 650, See Dishes. ^H

Doliata (a tun in amount), 655.

^^H

Dolium (cask of two pipes), 402.

Easterlings (Hanse merchants, mcr- ^H

Doliura niplum, 475»

chants of Baltic lands), 374. See ^H

Domesday Book, 24, 25, n. 3, 29, n, 6.

Hansa. ^H

Donat, Anthony, 93.

Eboracum (York), 222, 407, 459* 4^9- ^H

Donewic (Dunwich), 180, i8i. See

Sec York. ^^M

Dunwich.

Economic history of customs, 104-1 jç. ^^M

Donewych, 192. See Dunwich.

Economy, barter, 154. ^^M

Donkcrk-t, 307, 578. See Dunkirk.

local, 7, 28, JJÇ-121, 138, 139. ^H

Donkyrk. 632. Set Dunkirk.

metropolitan, 138, 139, ^H

Donncherk, 186. Set Dunkirk.

money, 27, 138, 154. ^^^B

Dordrecht (in Holland). 526. See Dor-

national, 7, jj8, rjg. ^^^M

dreght, Dordrethe, Dordright, Dur-

Edward IV, ôoi-bos. ^^M

dreght, Durdrich.

Eels, 647. Sec Anguilla, Conger, Elys. ^H

Dordrcght. 648, 651, 652, 655^59, 667,

Eggs, 153^ 154, 453' Sec Ovum. ^M
Electrum. iSee Vasa eliTtri. ^^H

670-673,682,683.

Dordrethe, 706. See Dordrecht.

Eligh, pelles de, 387. ^H

Dordnght, 635, 626, 628, 629, 709. See

£b% i93> ^H

Dordrecht.

Elys, 610, 697. See Eels. ^M

Domeckes (domlck), 697. See Doniik,

Embeltowe (Embieton ?), 187 f, ^H

Domik (dornick), 572, See Domeckes.

Eneum (brass or bronze). j2j. See ^H

Dorse (young cod), 505.

Brass. ^^H

Dosserium (dosser), 216,

Equus (horse), 158, 167, 178, 179, 215, ^H

Douay (in France), 19, n. See Dual.

263, 266, 273, S2S, 329, 331-533* 35(>* ^H

Douere, 251. See Dover,

343-^3451 347» 394i 40S. See Horse, ^H

Douorria, 270, 273, 337, 343, See Dover.

Jumenta. ^^M

Dou ra , 222. See Dover.

Erissh borde, 670. ^^M

Dover, 25, n. 3, 267. See Douere,

Ermym (ermine), 213, 504, ^H

Doura.

Esmeru|mJ, 514. ^^M

Do well, Stephen, 9, 15, nn. i, 3 and 5,

Essaie de worsted, ^77. ^^M

60,63, 123, 127. n. 4, 140^

Esse (English seaport), 222. ^H

Drap de knge (linen cïoth), 163.
Drapes (cloths), 92, n. 4»

Essen (in Germany ?), 301, ^^M

EsUl (stall ?), 163. ^M

Drosse coper, j^^o.

Estimatus (appraised), 312, 315, 318, ^H

Drug, 453, 694.

S^^J-m* 3^5. 3361 343-345. 393» 394« ^^H

Dmgg, 512.

See Appreciatus. ^^H
Estlond (Eastland, Baltic district), 277- ^H

Duai. 236. See Douay.

Ducance (durance), 697.

279, i83, 29;, 296. ^H

Du Cai\ge, C. Dufresne, 28, n. 4, 33,

Euerwike, 232, 233, 240, 243. See York. ^H

n. 2.

Euynges (c wings, lamb skins?), 61 ç, ^H

Dues, 2t, 22, 23, 2^, n. 8, 29, 32, 35, 36,

See Budge. ^^M

37r48,92.

Everwyk (Archbishop of), a". See ^H

Dunkirk, 173, 175- See Donkerk, Don-

York. ^H

kyrk» Donncherk, Dunkyrke.

Ewaldson, Guise, 647, 652, 655. 657. 671, ^H

Dunkyrke, 305. See Dunkirk.

682. ^H

738

INDEX

Exchequer, 6, 50, 69, n. i, 95-99» n. 4,
100, 102, 690.

Excise, 36.

Exemoutha, 395-397. See Exmouth.

Exemptions, 26, 32, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 55-
57, 63, 67, 68, 70, 82, 83, 87, 88, 93,
112, 132, 134, 13s, 141, 155.

Exemude, 179, 186. See Exmouth.

Exemue, 222. See Exmouth.

Exeter, 29, 49, n. i, 106, iii, 117, 394,
399, 522 f. See Exonia.

Ennouth, 116, 394. See Exemude, Exe-
mue, Exemoutha, Exmutha, Dex-
mutha.

Exmutha, 250, 255, 426, 434, 523. See
Exmouth.

Exonia (Exeter), 394, 396, 398, 404, 407,
408, 523 f. See Exeter.

Expensa, 408. See Expenses.

Expenses, 399. See Custa, Expensa,
Expensum.

Expensum, 203, 225, n. 6. See Expenses.

Exportation, 17, 20, 28, 31, 32, 49, 53-
57, 59, n. I, 62-^4, 66, 69, 71, 72, 77,
80,82,87,88,92,95,97,10(5-112, 114-
121, 124, 126, 127, 129, 131, 133-135,
143, 145, 203-210, 218, 223-257, 264-
288, 302-373, 393-398, 409-411,
414-434, 445-498, 516-522, 524, 525,
527-553, 559, 560, 581-^32, 636-644,
646-683, 687, 694.

Export of wine prohibited, 267.

Exue (Exmue ?), 207.

Eye (in Norfolk), 193.

Faba (beans), 165, 274 f., 286, 287, 382,

383, 390, 528, 537, 589, 653, 657, 659,

661, 664, 666-668, 675. See Beans.
Faber, R., 51.
Factor, 99, n. 3, 561, 564, 581, 583, 587,

588, 590, 591, 602, 604. See Attorna-

tus, Deputatus.
Faget (faggot), 215.
Fairs, 18, 19, n., 20, 24, 28, 29, 57, 194,

198. See Feria.
Falco (falcon), 300, 380. See Fauco.
Famulus (servant), 274, 284, 385.
Fanes, 698. See Fans.
Fannes, 627, 672. See Fans.
Fans, 196, 624. See Fanes, Fannes.
Fardellus (bundle), 158, 195.
Farina (flour), 345, 443. See Farrina.
Farrina, 615. See Farina.
Farrum (iron), 668. Sec Ferrum.
Farthen délies (farthing-deal, fourth

part ?), 706. See Ferend, Ferling,

Ferondell.
Fat (vat, large container), 459.
Fauco (falcon), 499. See Falco.
Fausetts (faucets), 504.

Favcrsham, 105, 118, 302, 333, 345, 401.
See Feueresham, Feuerisham.

Fawi (Fowey), 222.

Featherbeds, 635. See Federbeddes,
Federbeddys, Fethirbeddes.

Fecches (vetches), 464. See Vessa.

Federbeddes, 573, 649, 656, 665, 669.
See Featherbieds.

Federbeddys, 562. See Featherbeds.

Fees, 32.

Fenum (hay), 157, 215.

Ferend (quarter?) de sturgeon, 443.
See FarÙien délies.

Feria (fair), 260 f. See Fairs.

Ferling' (a quarter), 169, 171. See
FarUien délies.

Ferondell (a quarter?), 505. See Far-
then délies.

Ferra (fur), 475. See Furra.

Ferrum (iron), 156, 160, 163, 171, 184,
187, 190, 216, 270, 273, 312 f., 316-
318, 320, 322-326, 334-336, 340-342,

350, 361-365, 369, 371, 372, 376, 383,
393, 397, 412, 440, 447, 504, 505, 564,
567, 568, 573, 574, 576, 608, 611, 612,
617, 625-627, 629, 632, 635, n. I, 656,
659, 666, 669. See Famim, Iron,
Osmond.

Ferrum equi, 350, 352.

Fethers (feathers), 697.

Fethirbeddes, 639, 640. See Feather-
beds.

Feudal lords, 106.

Feudation, 32.

Feueresham, 426, 434. See Faversham.

Feuerisham, 303. See Faversham.

Feutrum (felt), 294. See Filtrum.

Ficheux (jwlecat), 213, 509. See
Fychyws.

Ficus (fig), 169-172, 213, 268, 269, 311,
312, 314, 315, 318-321, 335, 336, 340,

351, 352, 354-358, 510, 627. See
Figs.

Fifteenth, 65, 136, 221, 222.

Fifteenth of 1203 (King John), 8, 48-52,

68, 69, 80, 87, 90, 122, 135, 258.
Figs, 346, 624. See Ficus.
Filacia (thread), 168-170, 313, 318, 322.

325, 327, 363, 364, 369-371. See

Filacium, Filum.
Filacium (thread), 320, J2j, 411. See

Filacia, Filum.
Filinges ferri (iron filings), 580.
Filtrum (felt), 161. See Feutrum.
Filum (thread), 440, 501, 504, 509, 555,

562, 563, 570, 572, 578, 660, 688. See

Filacia, Filacium, Thread.
Filum laneum (woolen thread), 458, 459,

474, 476, 487, 493-
Filum pro velis (thread for sails), 505.

^V ^^K INDEX ^^Êr ^M

Fimura (manure), 157.

F'ortescue, Sir John, 5. ^^M

Fine, 20, 44.

Forura agniaa (lamb's fur), 281. See ^^M

Firmaculura (buckle)» 332,

Fiire (fir), 6i8.

Forure, 163. See Fur, ^^M

Fish, 19, n, 7, 31, n. i, 32, nn, 4 and 6,

Fouldrc (f other of lead), 5^/, 583. ^H

85, 107, 113, 125. 129, IS3, 154, 174,

Fowl, 153, 154. ^H

360, 41 It 436. 453. 553. 606. 624, 647,

Foxcases, 573. 578. ^M

694, 698. See Conger, Craspiscis,

Fox skynes, 698. See Pellis vnilpina. ^^1

Eels, Fyche. Pisds.

Fox throtes, 577. ^H

Fishmonger, 154.

Fo>'nes, 575- See Foyns, ^H

FLsh, salt, 196, 197.

Foyne throtes, 577, See Foyns. ^^M

Flaketz, 440.

Foyns (fawns), 213, 504, 697. ^^M

Flanders. 18, 56, 63, 109, 116, 120, 135,

Fraellum (frail), 157, t66, lôS, 170, 171, ^^M

154, 155, 2ÏO, 211, 214, 218, Sfe

Fbndria, Flaundres, FlawTidcres luce,

Frakensens (frankincense), 213. ^^M

Flemyche.

France, 41, n. 5. 50. 55. «4. 9^. tag, 135, ^H

Fianders fleet, 453. See Flanders»

i54t i55i i^ÏF 171, J18, 259, 364, 516, ^H

Fïandria (Flanders), 259» 270. 330i 406,

560. See Francia. ^^H

46 1 , 4 78 . See Fl and e rs.

Franchisa (franchise or liberty), 159. ^^H

Flankardcs (fiancards), 570, 571,

Francia, 563. Se^ France. ^H

Flaundres, 402. Se^ Flanders,

Frankyncencc, 697. ^^B

Flawnderes lace. 700. See Flanders.

Frankynsence, 702. ^^M

Flax, 617. 5fr Flejce.

Fratcr Radulphus, 350. ^H

Fleming, Chief Baron, 4» 64.
Flerayche clothe, 699,

Freight, iS7; See Freitum. ^^M
Frcitum (freight), 262. See Freight, ^H

Flemyche elle, 704,

Frenche cad>'5 (cloth, coarse ?), 696. ^^Ê

Flcm>'che glasse, 698.

Frenge (fringe), 465, 514. ^H

Fleta, 5, 44r n* 2,

Frenum (bridle), 294- ^^Ê

Flexe, 698. See Flax.

Frescobaldi (Florentine merchants), 96, ^^M

Flicchcs (flitches of bacon), 5S1, 584,

325, 230, 231, 235. See Friscobaldi. ^^M
Fresston (freestone), 698. ^^M

593. See Perna.

FHss>Tigg (Flushing in Zealand), 597,

Friejcc, s^. See Frise, Frisium, Fryse. ^^M

604. Sec Flyssyng.

Fneze, Welsh, 607. ^H

Flock, 282. See Flokk, Flokkis, Flokkes.

Friscobaldi, 519. See Frescobaldi. ^H

Flokk, 279, 474, 475, Se^ Flock.

Frise, 6 1 5. L^<?<; Frieze. ^^H

Flokkes, 594. See Flock,

Frisia (Fricsland in the Ncthcrlandi»), ^H

Fïokkis, 582. 5f« Flock.

3%' ^1

Flord>Tigg, 597, 598, 600.

Frisium (frieze), 454, 456, 491. See ^^M

Florence, 54, 55, 128, 704. See Fbr-

Frie^. ^H

encia.

Frost, C, 12, n. 4. ^^H

Florencia (Florence) » 3»Oi 339» 3S^^

Fructus (fruit), 381, 393, 396, 412, 502, ^H

Florenus aureus, 377. See Florin

503, 611, 612. See Fruit. ^^H

(golden).

Fruit, 41 1 , 453. See Fructus. ^^M

Florin, golden» 374. See Florenus aureus.

Frumentum (wheat), 165, i68, 173, 195, ^^1

Flory (a drug), 587.

197, 215, 274 f.. 287» 344, 345. 35»' ^H

Flour, 118, 634. See Farina.

353, 366, 368, 37 h 381, 3S3. 3^, 3^8. ^M

Flyss.v-nR (Flushing). 533. Sf€ Flissyngg.

413. 471. 472, 527, 530. 531, 534. 537. ^M

f Focale (fuel), 157. .

547-550» 582-586, 588, S9I, 593, 609, ^H

Foccrs (forcers* chests), 617» 667. See

628, 629, 656, 657. 661, 664, 666, 667, ^H

Forcers.

669,708. 5ef Wheat. ^H

Foile{foil), 161.

Frustum (a portion), 155. ^^M

Fontindlus (pig of lead), 353.
Forccapum (forestall), 155. See Fore-

Fning pannys, 570, ^^M

FÔ'se. s^i, 587, 588. See Frieze, ^H

grip.

Fr>'scby in Friesland, 207, 210. ^^M

Forcers (chests), 616, 650. See Foccrs,

Fyngia (stockfish), 676, 677, 683. ^^H

Fordveich, 46, 105. ^06* ^59^-

Fur, 453, 694. See Forure, Furr, Furra. ^^H

Foregrip (forestall), 165. See Forcea-

Furmage (cheese), 163. ^^1

pum, 1

Furr, 562. See Fur. ^^H

Forke, 477.

Furra (fur), 461, 466, 470,487,504. See ^H

Forpices (shcare), 470»

740

INDEX

Fustean, 499, 507, 508, 572. Su Fustian.
Fustian, 109, 125, 128, 215, 436. See

Fustean. Fustvon, Fustyonnaples.
Fustycke (fustic), 697.
Fustyon, 697. See Fustian.
Fustyonnaples, 698. See Fustian.
Fyche (fish), 698. See Fish.
Fyche, sawlte, 702. See Fish.
Fychyws (polecat), 697. See Ficheuz.
Fygges (figs), 697.
Fysh, drye, 681, 683.
Fyshe, 658.
Fyte lyng (tyte lyng ?), 703.

Gaddes (gads of steel), 703,
Gainsborough, 155, 158.
Galbannum (resinous juice), 514.
Galea (galley), 511, 642, 643. See

Galleys.
Galingal (galingale), 271. iSee Galyngale.
Galipotts, 565, 573, 580.
Galles, 698. SeeGdXh,
Galley, Italian, 113.
Galleys, 453, 635. See Galea.
Gallina (goose), 155.
Galls, 635. 5ftj Galles.
Galons (gallons), 706.
Gal3mgale, 213, 511, 698. See Galingal.
Galy (galley) platers, 66$.
Gant, 294. See Ghent.
Garba (sheaf), 210.
Garbelor (garbler of spices), 40i.
Garbelora (garbled spices), 461, 471,

474, 489, 495.
Garcio (servant), 408.
Gardemoyn, 512.
Gardiner, S. R., 4, n. 6, 84, n. 11.
Gare naylle, 700.
Gariofilus (caryophylum, gillyflower,

clove), 213. See Gilofera.
Garlic, 109, 130, 167, 360, 436, 606. See

Allium.
Garrisons, 20.

Gascoigne, 401. See Gascony.
Gascon vinum, 629, 632. See Gascony.
Gascony, 14, 79, n. 2, 92, no, 120, 133,

647. See Gascoigne.
Gascony, merchants of, 346.
Gaudes auri (golden gods), 68c. See

Gods (golden).
Gaunt, 307, 334, 335, 342. See Ghent.
Gawge (gauge), 705.
Gawger (gauger), 705, 706.
Gemma (gum ?), 363. See Gummi.
General, The (ship), 454-456, 459-462,

464, 466, 468, 469, 471, 472, 474, 475,

477, 478, 482, 484-486, 489, 490, 492,

493, 49^498.
Generalle (drug), 698.
Genewe, 269. See Genoa.

Genoa, 33, n.3, 96, 1x4. See Genewe,

Genua.
Genua, 279. See Genoa.
Gent, 575. See Ghent.
Geppewyz, 400. See Ipswich.
Gerdelles, 660. See Girdles.
Germane CioU, the case of, 93.
Germany, 34, 133, 154, 274. See Alle-

mannia.
Gemeer, 192. See Granarium.
Gememude, 180. See Yarmouth.
Gememue, 222. See Yarmouth.
Gememutha, 184, 186, 191, 202, 283.

See Gememude, Gememue, Yarmouth.
Gemeseye (Guernsey), 248.
Ghent (m Flanders), 225, n. 3, 226, 228,

235» 236, 239, 267. See Gant, Gaunt,

Gent.
Gilbert, Sir Ge<^rey, 8, 9, 13, n. i, 123,

127, n. 4.
Gild merchant, 25, 30.
Gilis, Dominus, provest de Pa^^, 478.
Gilofera (clove), 342. See GarioOus.
Gingebrattum (ginger), 271, 342. See

Ginger.
Ginger, 566. iSee Gingebrattum, Gynger,

Gyngebraz.
Gingerbrede, 568.
Gipeswiz, 222. See Ipswich.
Gipewicum, 201. See Ipswich.
Gippewicum, 201, 202, 265, 407, 408,

See Ipswich.
Gippe^z, 406. See Ipswich.
Gipwyz, 425, 433. See Ipswich.
Girdles, 109, 117, 120, 560, 647. See

Gerdelles, Gyrdelles.
Giry, A., 25, n. 2.
Gisnes (Gulnes, in northern France),

270, 343- See Gysnes, Gynts.
Glace, 161.
Gladium (sword), 297, 298, 325, 343, 386,

509. See Swords.
Glanville, Ranulf de, 5.
Glasbedes (glass beads), 568, 570, 580.
Glasboordes (glass boards), 580.
Glasis, 499. See Glass.
Glass, 109, 196, 436, 560, 606. 5«

Glasse, Glasis, Gla^s.
Glass bottles, no.
Glasse, 698. See Glass.
Glasse, rawe, 580.
Glasses, 570, 571, 573, 683.
Glasses, ballme, 695.
Glasses, dial, 453, See Dioll' vitrum.
Glasses, drinking, 580, 665, 675.
Glasses, loking, 579, 580.
Glasse, tyne, 704.

Gloucestria (Gloucester), 426, 434.
Gloves, 153, 154, 568, 571, 575, 698.
See Ciroteca.

INDEX

741

Goblets, 560. See Gobletts,

GoblettSt 565. See GobleU.

Cijdefroy, F., 29, n, 2.

Godes pannus, 486.

Godes pannus Wallie, 472, 470, 483, 493.

Gods, golden, 687, See Gaudes, auri.

Gold, 18, 97, 98, 302, 560. See Aurum.

Golde skynes. 698. 5« Gold.

Gold, Venetian, 453, 515, 514,

Gold weights, s?^^

GoUd, 608. See Gold.

Goodes cotonnjs&et, 581, 582^ 585, 587-

^ 591. 593. 594^

Goodes trisc Wallie, 615,

Goold, 703. See Gold.

Goigetts (gorgets), 570.

Goseford, 400, 401, 405, 406, 435, 453-

Gosford, 399.

Gospellys of St, John, 675.

Gospels of St. John, 647.

Gotef elles (goat fells), 502.

Gowle, 708.

Gowle, coper (copper gold), 696.

Gowmc (gum), 698. See Gtmma»

Gummi,
Grain (com), 125. 164, 273, 411, 624.

Se£ Gmnum {com)i Bladum, Brasium,

Frumentum, etc.
Grain (dye), 647. See Grana, Granum,

Gra>'Be,
Grana (dye), 169, 171, 28S,
Granariiim, 165, 170, 178!., 185!» See

Center.
Granum (corn), 215,
Granum (dye), 269, 320, 336, 563, 57a,

574. 579. ^4Q'
Granum allematlum)^ 183.
Granum paradisi, 474, 511-513.
Granum pro panno, 503, 509-514,
Gras^ N» S. B., 16, n. 4, 42, n. i, 48, n. i,

92, n, 3. io4t 108. n. 5, 114, n, 5, 134,

n. I, 138, n. 2-
Grascus (crassus) piscis, 216. See

Craspiscîs.
GraueliDgie, 236. See Gravel ines.
Graueahende, 687-^89. See Gravescnd.
Gravel ines (in Flanders, now part of

France), 186, îçi.
Gravesend, 97. See Graiieshendc.
Gray (fur), 638, See Grey, Gr>^, Opus

grlscum.
Grayne (d>-e), 698. See Grain (dye).
Gra>Tiys (dye), 698. See Grain (dye),

Grana, Granum.
Great '* customs," 22.
Greenwich, 173.
Gresham, RJcardus, 589,
Gresham, Sir (?) Richard. 114, 561.
Gretelcng (great ling ? fish), 156.
Grey (fur), 504, 506, 578. See Gr^ky.

Grlmesbi, 322. See Grimsby.
Grimsby, 225, n. 2, 239. See Grimesbt.
Grindstones, 192. See Grjiidstone,

GrjTidston, Grynstons.
Grisengus pannus (grey cloth), 155.
Grocer}^ wares, 694.
Gross, C, 19. n. 2, 25, un. 3 and 4, 2%^

nn. 6 and 8, 29, n. 3.
Grosse, grett (great gross), 700.
Grossum opus (fur), 166,
Gryndston, 214, See Grindstones.
Gryndstone, 157. See Grindstones.
Grynstons, 680, See Grindstones.
Grypcswclïd (Grcifswald, in northern

Germany), 540.
Gr>*3 (fur), 210. See Gray.
Gualdum (woad), 562, 564-568, 571,

57S. See Woad.
Gummi (gum), 579. See Gemma. Har-

pois,
Gutland (Jutland), 210, 289. See

Jutland,
Gyllfysche (gill-fish), 702.
GjTies (Guinea), 26, n. 3, See Gisnes.
Gyngcbraz (ginger), 161.
Gynger, 665, 675, 698. See Ginger.
GjT>pcw>'z, 401. See Ipswich.
G>Taelles, 675, 698. See Girdles.
Gysnes, 268, 311, 327, 328, 33I-3J3» 344,

345, See Gisnes.

Haberdashe, 500, 503, 504, 506, 507, 509,

510. See Haberdashery.
Habcrdasher>% 128, 436, 453. 526, 560,

635. See Haberdashe, Haberdassh,

Haburdaschc.
Haberdassh-e, 440, 535» 53^, 57^1 639.

See Haberdashery.
Haburdaschc, S56, See Haberdashery.
Haddock. See Haddok, Haddokus,

Haddoukus, Haddukus, Hadockes,

Heydokes,
Haddok, 216. See Haddock.
Haddokus, 362. See Haddock.
Haddoukus, 364, 365,371. See Haddock .
Haddukus, 366. See Haddock,
Hadockes, 699. 5fe Haddock.
Hair, 436, 624. See Haiiys, Hayer,

Hayre, Hcyr.
Hair>'5, 438, 439. See Hair.
Hakewill, W., 4, 7, 11, 14, 43» 0-5» 57i

69, 7T, 92, t53, n. 2.
Halbards (halberds), 570.
Hale, Sir Matthew, 6-11, 15, 21-23, 27,

29, n, 4. 5^. n, 5, 35. 36. 40. 44* n, 2,

46, nn. 6 and 13, 47, n. i, 51, 53, n. 2,

56, n., 57. 59. 60, 62-65, 7«. 7h n.3.

73» 76-78, 79, nn. 2 and 6, Si, 89, n, 6,

91, n. 7, 93, n. 3, 104, 123, 140, 143,

n. 4i »S9i n- 2, 263, n. 2, 690.

742

INDEX

Halfwoxefissh (stockfish), 216,

Hall, Hubert, 8, 10, 13, n. 2, 15, 16, n. z,
17, 19, n., 22, 26, n. I, 28, 35, 36, 39,
n., 40, n. 4, 42, n. 8, 43, n- 4, 44, 46,
n. 8, 51, 52, 56, 59, 61, 62, 64, 65, n. 3,
67, n. 7, 68, 75, n., 76-78, 82, 83, 89,
104, 134, 140, 142, n., 143, 144, n. 2,
259, n. 2, 263, n. 3, 264, n. i.

Hallam, Henry, 8-10, 14, 92.

Hambergh, 276, 278, 285. See Ham-
burg.

Hamburg, 386, 388. See Hambeigh,
Hamburgh.

Hamburgh, 433. Su Hamburg.

Hamele, 256.

Hampton, 350, 404.

Handicraft, 118.

Hanger, King and Waller v., 4, n. 5.

Hansa, 446, 447, 449-451, 453 f-, 461,
462, 606, 607, 614, 616-619, 622-624,
647, 662, 663, 666, 671, 674-679, 681,
684, 690-693. See Hsmseatic league,
Merchants (Hanse).

Hanseatic league, iii.

Hansisches Urkundenbuch (ed. Hohl-
baum, etc.), 18, n. 2, 34, n. 2, 35, nn. 4
and 5, 38, n., 65, n. 6, 154, 263, n. 3,
452, n. 2.

Hardy, Sir T.D., 51.

HarfFordes (cloth), 699.

Hames (harness), 567.

Harpe strynges, 699.

Harpeys, 209. See Harpois.

Harpois (mixture of pitch, tar, resin ?),
374, 386. See Gemma, Gunmii,
Harpeys.

Hartlepool, 210, 211.

Hanv'ich. See Herdewik, Herdewycum,
Herewicz, Herewyz, Herwyz.

Hasburgh, 570.

Raskins, C. H., 13, n. 6, 97, n. i.

Hastings, 29.

Hastrey clothe (brown cloth), 6çç.

Hathcr (heather), 699. See Hethe.

Hats, beaver, 436.

Hats, straw, 606, 617.

Hatts, 568. Sec Hats.

Hatts, splete, 567, 617.

Hattys, 555. Sec Hats.

Hauberions (habergeons), 216.

Hauckesbury, 353.

Hauerford, 248.

Hauerlond, 426.

Havene, 163.

Haycr, 669. See Hair.

Hayre, 160. See Hair.

Hedon, 227, 231, 238, 242. See Hedun.

Hedun. Sec Hedon.

Helmets, 288.

Hemp-e, 196, 567, See Camba, Hympe.

Hempsede (heiz^)seed), 581.

Hempseede, 577. See Hempsede.

Hepu(m) (heap ?), 178 f ., 185 f.

Herdenwyk, 392.

Herderwyke (Harderwijk, in the Nether-
lands), 540.

Herde^wik, 279. See Harwich.

Herdewycum, 298. See Harwich.

Heres shomakyrs (shoemaker's baixs or
bristles), 703.

Herewicz, 434. See Harwich.

Herewyz, 426. See Harwich.

Herring, 193, 203, 374, 526. See Alkda,
AUecium, Allex, Heryng.

Hertilpol (Hartlepool), 426, 434.

Heryng-e, 195, 608-612, 622, 658, 682,
699. Su Herring.

Herwyz, 400. Su Harwich.

Hetha, 345. Su Hythe.

Hethe, 333. 5«? Hythe.

Hethe pro brusshes, 569. Su Hather.

Heydokes, 385. Su Haddock.

Heyre, 682. Su Hair.

Hibemia (Ireland), 276, 280, 282, 349,
461, 464, 466, 477, 478, 527, 534, 542,
545, 548, 549, 551, 670. Su Ireland.

Hides, 14, 22, 31, n. I, 32, nn. 4 and 6, 59,
n. I, 61, 62, 66, 67, 70, 71, 74, 75, 77,
78, 82, 85, 86, 88, n. I, 108, 109, III,
n. 2, 131, 133, 223 f., 245 f., 254, 257,
264, 302, 346, 393, 394, 409, 435, 5i5,
516, 520, 595, 601, 606, 624, 634, 647.
Su Coreum, Corium, Hydes, Hydys.

Hispannia (Spain), 160, 268-270, 312,
317, 322, 324, 325, 334, 335, 367, 370-
373» 39^, 574- See Ispania, Ispannia,
Spain.

Hispannia, Petnis de, 201.

Hodden (a kind of cloth), 560, 569, 571,

579-
Hodes (measure of hops), 503, 510.
Hogeshedes (hogshead, 500 lbs.), 579.
Hogge (Huy, in modem Belgium), 155.

See Huy.
Hoke (seaport ?), 256.
Hokes (hooks), 570. See Hookes.
Holandia, 504. See Holland.
Holland, 109, 12S. Sec Holandia,

Holond.
Holond clothe, 699. Su Holland.
Hondestonys (hone-stones, whetstones),

440 y 441. Su Houndestones, Hund-

stonys.
Honey, 107, 167, 274, 346. See Hony,

Mel.
Hony, 699. See Honey.
Hookes, 699. Su Hokes.
Hoppe, 629, 632. Su Hops.
Hoppes, 501, 503, 510, 562, 563, 565-567,

569-576, 578, 580, 581, 651, 652,

INDEX

743

6SS* 656, 658, 664, Ô65, 671, 682, 683,

Sm Hops,
Hopps, 194-197, 560, 625-629, 651, Su

Hops»
Hoppys, 614, ÔQQ. See Hops,
Hops, 614, Set Hoppc, Hoppes, Hopps,

Hoppys,
Hornecombes (horncombs) , 569.
Horoge!d, 55, n, 4. S te Comage.
Horns» 560, 624. See Hornys.
Horns, neats', 607» Sec Ho my s (ne tes).
Homys, neles, 613. 5«r tlorns tneats').
Horscombs (borsecombs) , 571,
Horses, 56, 302 See Horscombs, Hors-

girthe^ Horse-shoes, Horse-shcjc nails.
Horse-shoe nails, 346.
Horse-shoes, 346, 624, 630, 634*
Horsgirthe (horsegirth), 578,
Hose, 117. See Caliga.
Hosloitrs (goshawk), 296. See Ostours.
Houndestoncs, 610, 612. See Honde-

stony s .
Houselîage (payment or toll), 22.
Hovedon. R. of, 41. n. 5.
HowcU, T, B. ami T. J., 4, n. 5.
Hulcus, 154. See Hulk,
Hulk (small vessel), 37, 38, n., 40, See

Hulcus.
Hull, 26, 46, 60, n. 7, Si, n, 2, 98, aio,

31 1, 222, 224-244, 325. See Kinges-

tonia super Hullc.
Hundred, great, 647, See Hundred

(gretl), Hundred long.
Hundred, grctt, 676, 677, 679, 696. See

Hundred (great).
Hundred, long, 3 74- Sec Hundred (great).
Hundstpnys, 443. See Hondestonys.
Hun&ton, 625, 709.
Hura (coarse cap)» 465,
Huy, 154. See Hoggc.
Hydes, 702, See Hides.
Hydys, rawe, 650. See Hides.
Hyrnpe, 699. Sec Hemp.
Hythe, 177- See Hctha, Hcthe.

Iberian Peninsula, 106.

Iceland, 106, 624. See Iseland, Island.

Iche com, 193.

letle (jet), 699.

Ilchestcr, 28, n, 7.

Images, 560.

Imperlyngcs, 699,

Importation, ao, 28, 33, 35, 49, 53-55,
57, 66, 69, 71, 74. 80, 82, 87, 88, 92, 95,
97, 106, 107, loS-iiOt III, IÏ4-Î19,
lat. 133, 124, t26, 131, 133^1551 145»
145, 200-203, 210-218, 257, 264-273,
28S-408, 435-445. 45^. 498-5 H» 5^3,
524, 553-581^ 606-632, 639, 640. 646-
683, 694.

Impositions, 5, 6, 32, 64, 67, 73» 77. 78.
86, Sç-g4, 103, 153, n, 2, 634. See
Imposts, Maltolts.

Imposts, 23, 45, n. 3, 89, 92. See Im-
positions,

Increment of custom^ 250, 520. See
Jncremcnium,

Incremcntum, 262, 316, 319. 321, 324,
J37t 33^1 333, 339» 345, 346, 373, 393,
396, 409-411. See Increment of
custom <

îndigena (dcnkcn). See Dcnijsen in
Table of Contents,

Indumentum (clothes), 534.

Iiidustr>', uj-isS, 138, 414. See Manu-
factures.

Infeudation, 50, 57, 88, 132.

Inkhoms, 560.

Inquisitio, 260, 261. See Inquisition.

Inquisition, 15s f., 207, 308, See In-
quisitio.

Inquisitions, Calendar of, 29, n. ii^ 30,
n. 2.

Institutional history, joo-joj.

Ipre (Ypres), 31, n. 4, 297. See Isprc.

Ipswich, 2s, n, 3, 29, 129, 159 f., 200,
264 f., 399, 427, 710. See Geppew>^z,
Gippewyi, Gipeswiz, Gipewicum, Gip-
pewicum, Gipw>'z, G>ppewyz,

Irclaod, 41, 4** n. 0. 46, 59, 79, n. 3, 94,

106, 120, 133, 142, 307, 210, 323, 234,

274. Sec Hibemia.
Ireland, Calendar of Documents relating

to, 79, n. 3.
Irish boards, 647.
Immongere, 248.
Iron, 32, n.6, in, 128, 192, 197, 360,

43*^1 553» 560, 606, 634, 647, 673- See

Fcrrum, Osmond, Iryne, Ycroe, Yryn,
Iiyne, 699. See Iron.
Iseland, 629, See Iceland,
Island, 624, 630. See kehind*
Ispania (Spain), 359. See Hispannia.
Ispannia (Spain), 327, 333, 363, 369, 370,

3^3^ 393» 394, 403^ ^'^ Hispannia.
Isprc (Ypres), 303, See Ipre.
Italia, 605,

Italian companies, 113.
Italians, 453.
I very (ivory), 699. See Yvety» Yvoty.

Jarda (jar), jS4f 355i 35^1 35«-

Jarra (jar), 505.

Jarres, 563.

Jars, 624. See Jarda, Jarra, Jarftt,

Lagena,
Ja rst b ron2e , 346, See Ja rs ,
J a rum (Yarm, Yorkshire), 224, 227, 436,

434.
Jaspur atones, 572.

744

INDEX

Jenkinson, C. H., 64, n. 10.
Jenne (Genoa ?) wode, 705.
Jeresye (Jersey), 523.
Jememue, 246, 405-408. See Yarmouth.
Jememuta, 431, 432. See Yarmouth.
Jememutha, 434. See Yarmouth.
Jememuthia, 423 f ., 426, 537. See Yar-
mouth.

Joint-stock company, 112, 114.
oumals of the Common Council, 24,
n. I.
Journeyman, 399.
Judeus (Jew), 159.
Jumenta (beast of burden), 302, 344,

345-
Jury, 164.

Jus privatum (private law), 22, 24.
Jus publicum (public law), 22, 24.
Jus regium (royal law), 22.
Justice, 137.
Justiciarius mercatoribus (chief justice

for merchants), 262.
Jutland, 207. See Gutland.

Kancie, Comes (Earl of Kent), 604,

605.
Kanelle (cinnamon), 213. See Canella.
Karseys, 671. See Carseys, Kerseys.
Keelage, 22.
Kemble, J. M., 26, n. i.
Kent, 196, 689.
Kenton (haven near Exeter), 522. See

Ke3aiton.
Kerchefs (handkerchiefs), 489, 511, 513,

514.
Kermerdyn, 360. See Carmarthen.
Kerseys, 197, 214, 454, 527-529, 533,

538, 542, 547, 553, 560, 561, 563, 582-

589, 591, 592-594, 647, 670, 671, 684,

689. Sec Carseys, Karseys.
Ketclle, 503, 504. Sec Kettles.
Ke tilles, 562, 583. See Kettles.
Kettells, 699, See Kettles.
Kettles, 560. Sec Ketelle, Ketilles,

Kettells, Ketylles.
Kettles, copper, 647. See Kettles.
Ketylles, coper, 656, 660, 661. See

Kettles.
Ketylles, full, 656, 658, 659. See

Kettles.
Keutgen, F., 26, n. i.
Keverlet (coverlet), 562. Sec Coverlets.
Keyage. See Wharfage.
Ke>Titon, 525. See Kenton.
King, 414.

King and Waller v. Hanger, 4, n. 5.
Kingestonia super Hulle, 650. See Hull,

Kyngestonia super Hullam.
Kirkel, 426.
Kirkcle, 434.

Knight, 95.

Knights of the shire, 64.

Kn^ose (knithose ?), 194.

Knyves, 609.

Kôln (in Germany), 114, Z19, 163, 207.

Kunze, K., 31, n. 3, 60.

Kyde (kid) calves, 167. See Kydeskinnes.

KydesJdnnes, 167. See Kyde calves.

Kyi Oaige vessel ?), 163. 5<» Chid.

Kyngestonia super Hullam, 60, n. 7, 74,

n. 3, 426, 434. Su Kingestonia super

Hulle.
Kyppe (kip or package, of skins), 698.
Kysta (dsta), 555. See Cista.

Lace, 660, 700.

Ladil Qadle), 477-

Lagena (jar), 675, See Jslt.

Laine (wool), 223 f. See Lana, Wool.

Lake (fine linen), 161.

Lambskins, 192, 607, 634.

Lamp. See Lucema.

Lampasduk Qamp^ duck, cloth), 513.

Lampreda (lamprey), 294, 301, 393. See
Lampreys.

Lampreda salsata, 216.

Lampreys, 498, 564. See Lampreda.

Lana (wool), 155, 161, 167-172, 204f.,
207, 208, 219, 220, 245 f., 254 f., 262,
264, 266, 303-306, 347, 348, 359, 360,
393, 394, 396, 409-411, 516 f., 521,
522, 524, 525, 527, 596 f., 602 f., 607,
640-645, 648, 650, 651, 657, 658, 660-
663, 668-672, 675, 676, 679-684. See
I^ine, Lanum, Wool.

Lana capellarum, 377, 389, 39°-

Lana Hispannica (Spanish wool), 171.5«
Lana Hispannie, Lana Hyspannie,
Lana Ispannie, Wool (Spanish).

Lana Hispannie, 269, 270, 312, 313, 317,
322, 324, 325, 334, 335, 367. 371-373-
See Lana Hispannica.

Lana Hyspanme, 364. See Lana His-
pannica.

Lana Ispannie, jdj, 369, 370, 411. See
Lana Hispannica.

Lancaster, 46.

Lancia (lance), 464.

Laneretts (lannerets), 499.

Langele (Langley, Herts), 201.

Langestone (near Pevensey), 29, n. 11.

Lanterns, 196.

Lanum (wool), 157. 5ef Lana.

Lapides (stones), 157.

Lapides molaribus (millstones), 279, 280,
284, 291, 296.

Laqueus (trap), 270.

Lar>Tnery (lorimery ?) , 700.

I^sta (last),onpakkyd,656. 5feLastum,
Lesth.

INDEX

745

LasUge» 2S-2^s, 48, 65, 68» 87* 90» 95,

107, ïo8. 120, 131, 1Q4, 198, 300, 203 f.,

^06 f. 5^« Las tagium, Lestage.
Lastagium (laitage), 197, 199, ^03 f.,

3o6 f.} 2oâ f. Set Laitage.
Lastitm (lasta, ïasi), 2oç^ 589. See

Lasta, Lcsth.
LasyngpoynLs (Lacing needles ?), 461,
Latén, 665. Sef Latone.
Lathe naylie (lath nail), 700.
Latone (lattcn, brass ?), 458, 459, 462,

465, 474t 477, 478» 480, 481, 4841 487.

496, 507-509* 5<&3i 571, 581* Se^

Laten, Latlcn, Lattyn,
Latten (brass ?), 560, 694« 695, 700, See

Brass» Latcn, Latone, Lattyn.
Lattyn, 700. See Latteti.
Lavacmm (bath or font), 458, 459, 462,

474,477.478,484,496^
l-awnct clothe, 699,
Lead, 61,89, n. 6, 107, 108, 117, 120, 192,

274» 346, 453, 526. 560, 624.
Lcadam, I. S,, %2.
Leather, 65, n. i, 117. 118, 125, 167,346,

360,41 1 ,560. See Ledder,Ledcr,Lether.
Leather goods, 453.
Lecciis, 426. Ste Lectus.
Lcctus (bed), aïs» 4i5* 427f 434« 4S4,

463-466, 477, 478, 485, 487, 489, 497.
Led (lead), red, 702*
Ledder, 562. See Leather.
Lcde {lead) wbyte, 705.
Lcdcr, 693- See Leather.
Leeks, tog, n. 8, 193, 553, See Alleum,
Leghames (leg-hamcss), 504.
Leicester, 25, n. 3, 49. See Leycestria.
L^eine (wool), 75, n. i. See Lainc, 1-ana,
Len, 221, 222. See Lynn.
Lenges (lings), 383. See Linges.
Lenna (Lynn), 190, 374, 431, 447. 448,

527, 519-540, 544, 546-549. 596 L>

607 f. See Lynn.
Lcnne, 336, 405, 406-408, 422, 436, 648 L

See Lynn,
Leoke (leeks), 554-556. See Alleum.
Leopard i (Italian merchants), 176,
«I^cssebone (Lisbon). 182, 303, 307, 308,

320, 333. See Lisbon.
Lestage, 22, ;^;^. See Lastage,
Lesth (last), 29, n. 6. See Lasta, Lastum«
Letewsse (lactcus, white pelt), 700.
Lether, 700. Sr€ Leather.
Letter Book of London, 70, n. 3.
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domes-
tic, 561, n. I.
Lctlersof Henry in, 58.
Letters patent, 10, 36, 48, 58, 1^5, 141.
Letters, Roya! and other historical,

illustrative of the Reign of Hcnr>' III,

53< n-3, 54tn. 1.

Lettmose (litmus) t 700. See Litmus*
Letusc (white pelt), 213, Set Letewsse.
Lewent (Leinwand, linen cloth), 440,

44.Ï, 555. 612, 614. 5^<fLowynt«
Lewis, G, R,, 104.
Lewts (lutes), 667. See Lutes.
Levagium (wool due). 516-520,
Levant, 91.

Lex mercatona (law merchant), 361.
Leycestria, 201. 5ec Leicester.
Liber (book), 631, 633, 645.^ See Liber

impressus, Libri cum asseribus.
Liber Aibus, 21, 3O1 ^5> "* 3r 34, no. i. 3

and 6, 35, n. t, 36, nn. 4 and 15, 37*
Liber Custumarum, 21, 2%, n. 6, 259, n. 3,

263, nn. I and 4.
IJbcr* De Antiquis Legibus, 54, nn. 4« 6

and 7, 55, n. 3.
Liber de Hyda, 38, n. a, 33.
Liber impressus, 572, 573- See Liber,
Li lier Ordlnacionum, 40, n. 3.
Libra (pound), 393* See Libra ta.
Libra argenti, 263. 266,
Libra steriingorum, 377, 378,
Librata (pound's worth), 311 f.
Libri cum asseribus (books with bands ?),

Licencia, 260, 687-689. Set Licentia.
Liccntia , 6 38, 63 1 . Sec Licencia .
Licoricia, 314. Set Liquiritia.
IJcoricium, 3/2*324, 326, j6j. Set

Liquiritia.
Lideneye (Lydney), 426, 434.
Liege (in Relgium), 154.
Liez de vino (lees of wine), 473. 494«
Lignum (wood), 154. 269, 321, 323^ 567,

575. See Meremium, Wood.
Liguria (in northern Italy), 605.
Likoresse, 567. Set Liquiritia."
Lim (L>Tne Regis), 183, 186, 188 L, 191.

Ste Lyme.
Lincoln* 29, n. 13, lao, 155, 156, 22a.

Scr Lincolnia.
Lincolnia, 286, 344» See Lincoln.
Linea tela (linen web or cloth), 283, 2gi^

294. See Linen cloth.
Linen cloth, 18, 192, 196, 274. See

Linea tela, Lynenge clothe.
Li nges (li nga) , 6 a 7 . See Lenges , Ly nges,

LjTlgS.

Linum (linen), 274, 437, 440-442. 499f
500, 50Ï, 503, 504, 509. 510* 563, 581»
582, 588, 614, 616, 622, 665-6Ô7, 672-
675.677,679.

Lipson, E., IS, n. 5, 63, 71, n. 8, iia.

IJquiritia (Uquoricc) ,161,171. S^ Lico-
ricia, Licoricium, Likoresse, Lycerus.

Lisbon, 119. See Lessebone, Lissebon.

Liscote (foreign merchants in partner-
ship), 215, 226, 229-235, 239, 240, 243.

746

INDEX

Lissebon, 359. See Lisbon.

Litemose, 383, 386, 387, 389, 390, 564.
See Litmus.

Litmus, 374. Su Lettmose, Litemose,
Lytmose.

Liverpool, 46, 106.

Loan, 88. See Mutuum.

Lobbe (fish of cod species), 611.

Lokenim-e (linen fabric), 577, 696.

Lokkes (door-locks), 579.

Lombards, 210, 212, 516. See Lum-
bardia, Lumbaxdie, Lumbaxdus.

London, 18, 21, 24, n. i, 25, nn. 2, 3 and
4, 26, n. 3, 30, 32, n. I, 33-38, 43, n. 3,
46, 49, SO, 52, n. 3, 55, 74, 75, n. 2, 92,
94-98, 105-107, 109, 111-115, 117-
120, 123, 124, 129, 138, 153!., 200-
203, 207, 210, 212 f., 214, 215, 222,
225, n. 2, 232, 245 f., 262, 265, 399-
401, 427, 454, 601 f., 607, 687, 694,
705, 710. See Londonia, Loundres.

London, Annals of, 69, n. 4.

London as a distributing centre, 747.

Londonia, 407, 408, 415, 419, 428, 560 f.,
602 f., 620, 652-654, 661, 687 f. See
London.

Longhere, 214.

Longpeper (long-pepper), 511, 512.

Lords, House of, 90, 103, 515. See
Magnates, Parliament.

Lords, lay, 93. See Magnates.

Lords Ordainers, 71.

Lorraine, 34, 35, n. 4, 37, 60, n. 6.

Loudiron, 437, 616.

Loundres (London), 402. See London.

Loves (loaves), 66^. See Panis.

Lowynt, 555. See Lewent.

Liibeck, 225, n. 3, 226, 229, 236, 240-
242. See Lubek, Lubik, Lubyk.

Lubek, 269, 516. See Liibeck.

Lubik, 275, 277-280, 282, 283, 285 f.,
289, 291, 292, 294, 296, 299-301. See
Liibeck.

Lubyk, 513, 529, 537. See Lubeck.

Luc (Lucca ?), 410. See Lucca.

Lucca, Luke of, 55, 95, 96. See Luc,
Lucke, Luk, Luka.

Lucellus (shroud?), 160, 168, 170, 171.

Lucellus, 320, 326, 335, 338.

Lucema (oil lamp), 655.

Lucke, gowlde of, 698. See Lucca.

Luk, 417. 6'(T Lucca.

Luk[a], 351, 353, 354. Sff Lucca.

Lumbardia, 188, 259, 274. See Lom-
bards, Lumbardie.

Lumbardie, zSji. See Lumbardia, Lom-
bards.

Lumbardus, 518, 519. Sec Lombards.

Lumber, 85. See Bowstaves, Clapholt,
Lignum, Tunholt.

Lup (lop, small measure), 210.

Lupùdus, 162.

Luskwerk Gynz-slûn), 290.

Lutes, 675. See Lewts.

Lutkeher, Hans (a Hanseatic merchant),
647, 666, 675-679, 681.

Lutum (clay), 563.

Lycenis, 700. See Liquiritia.

Lym (Lyme Regis), 251-254, 39*, 421.
See Lyme.

Lymburgh (Limburg, Brabant ?), 614.

Lyme (Lyme Regb), 426, 434. See Lim,
Lym.

Lymonz (lemons ?), 514.

Ljmenge clothe, 699. See Linen cloth.

Lynges, 163, 611. See Linges.

Lyngs, 196, 197. See Linges.

Lynn, 19, 25, n. i, 29, 32, 46, 93, 98, 106,
108, 109, III, 112, 114, 116, 118-121,
127, n. I, 146, 374 f-, 427, 435^.. 526,
553 f., 595 f -, 606, 607, 624, 646, 647,
707, 710. See Lcnna, Lenne, L«n,
Lynne.

Lynne, 277, 292, 296, 445, 624 f., 707-
709.

Lyons (in France), 560. 570.

Lyor (cloth band, tape), 465.

Lytmose, 656. See Litmus.

Macecell (kind of cloth), 542.

Maces (mace), 665, 700. See Mads,

Mases, Maseum.
Macis (mace), ^^2- See Maces.
McKechnie, W. S., 15, n. 4.
Madder, 128, 193» 213, 647. See Mader,

Madour, Madrc, Madur, Mather,

Mull madre, Mull mather, Umberow

mather.
Mader, 563, 566-569, 571-573, 578. See

Madder.
Madour, 664. See Madder.
Madox, T., 8, 9, 15, 18, n. i, 34, n. 10,

39, n., 41, n. 3, 49, n- 4, 5°, n. 2, 51, 52,

61, n. 2.
Madre, 503, 504, 506, 510, 672. See

Madder.
Madur, 655. See Madder.
Magister (ship-master, captain), 115,

356, 460, 461, 467, 4S0, 481, 495, 570,

608 f., 639, 653, 655, 658, 668, 672,

677, 678, 682, 683. See Rector navis,

Stermannus, Master of ship.
Magna Carta, 5, 6, 19, n. 8, 93, 136.
Magna custuma. See Custom (later)

great, Custuma (magna).
Magna custuma of 1275, 74, n. 2. See

Custom (great) of 1275.
Magnates, 77, 79. See Lords.
Maidenhouse, 435. See Maydenhous.
Mainz (on the Rhine), 18.

V ^^^^F INDEX 747 ^l

Mailede. 157.

Masse[ura ?1 (mace), 213, See Maces, ^H

Makerelle, 608, 6ia. Ste Makerdlus.

Mast (of corralle), 696. ^^M

Makerellus (mackerel), 160, 162. Sec

Mast (of gold). 698. ^M

Makereile, Makerellus salsa tus.

Mast (of ship), 646. See Malus, Mastus, ^^H

Makerellus salsatus, 316. Ste Makerel-

Master of ship, 225, 374, 454, 647- See ^H

lus.

Magister. ^^M

Mai den ,434* See Maldon .

Mastus (mast), 16a, 501, 655. See Mast. ^H

Maldon (port in Essex), 436, See

Mather, 700. See Madder. ^^M

Maiden.

Matthew of Paris, 56. ^H

Malt-ep 526, 592. See Bradum.

Maunde (maund), 47 ^. 5i<^- ^H

Mai tolls (evil tolls), 89. Ste Imposi-

Maycienhous,436. 5« Maidenhouse. ^H

tions.

Ma*yk>Ti, zinziber (a kind of ginger), 511. ^H

Malus (mast), 176. See Mwt (of ship).

See Beland>T) (zinziber). ^^M

Malyk (? Malicquc, Malaga in Anda-

Maylle (mail), 700. ^H

lusia). 26<).

Mazer (goblet), 272, 327. See Maaere, ^H

Mango (trader), 154.

Mazer manual. ^^H

Manor, 21, 100, 106.

Mazere, jjo. See Mazer. ^^H

Mantell d'lrland, 214. See Mantles.

Mazer manual (hand goblet), 329. Ste ^^H

Mantelle ^hankes (a pane of shanks),

Mazer. ^H

573. 577* ^P^ Pane,

Mead, 606. SeeMedc. ^M

Mantcllum (mantle), 504, 506, 509, 670.

Measurage, 22. ^^M

See Mantles, Mentellcs.

Measures, 561. See Aume. Burden, ^^M

Mantîca (pack or bundle), 4^0, 49^» *>8S.

Buàstiellus, Chorus, Dftccr, Dolium, ^H

Mantles, îoq, 526. See Mantell d'lrland,

Earthen délies, Gaddes, Galons, Hoges- ^H

Mantellum, Men telles.

bed es, l^astum, Mensura. Pi pa, Poke, ^^H

Manuh(r)ium (handle), 270.

Quarte riu m , Quintallus, Rathes, Rode, ^^H

Manufactures, 73. See Industry.

Sesteme, Summa, Tonel, Tunne, ^^H

Manutergium (towel), 291.

Weights and M^isures. ^H

Marbelors plate, 700.

Meat, 107, loS, 453. See Cames, Car- ^H

Marcata (mark's worth), 345.

cnsia, Baco. ^^M

Marce (a kind of fur). 210,

Mede, 6t 2. See Mead. ^H

Marchant, Anglois (English merchant).

Mediterranean, 601, 602. ^H

92pn.4>

Medley, D.J,, I3,n. i, 15, nn. 3 and 5, 91, ^^M

Marchants Adventerers (Merchant

Adventurers), 694, 705. See Mer-

Medylburgh (Middelburg in Zealand), ^H

chant Adventurers.

675. See Middelbourgh. ^^M

Marinarius (mariner), 152» 355-55^» 3^0,

Mcisa (mesa, doliolum, a measure of ^H

387, 563. Set Mariner, Sai ors.

basins and copper), 499, 505- ^^M

Marine lus, 356, 357, See Mariner.

Mel (honey). 165, 169-172, 214« ^31* ^^M

Mariner. 232, 238, 241. See Marinarius,

26Sf., 270, 282, 2S6, 30t. s^^f 3^^* ^H

Marinellus.

317-320, 323, 338, 350, 353, 357, 358. ^H

Market prices, 121-129» ^^7^ ^«

483,661. 5r<r Honey. ^^M

Markets.

Melcombe, 404. ^H

MarketfN, i8, 24, 28, n, 6, 57, 121,138,167.

Meltyngpotts (melting pots), 504, 506. ^^M

See Market prices.

Members (of ports), 105. ^^M

Markets, foreign, loô. See Markets.

Mensura, 262. See Measures. ^^M

Marlborough, 25, n. 4.

Mcntclles, ss^- See Mantles. ^H

Marmelado (marmalade), 700.

Mercantilism, 134. ^^M

Marmoset, 514.

Mercator (merchant), 183, 187, 190, 210, ^^M

Marrok, Strictus dc (Straits of Morocco),

218 f., 259 f., 265, 346 f., 374, 400, 434, ^H

605.

5iSf., 603, 611, 684, 687. 688. See ^M

Marterns, 700. See Martina.

Merchant. ^^B

Martina (marten), 16 j, 4^n. See Mar-

Mercator alienigena, 374, 5^; n. 3. ^H

tyn, Marterns, Martynwomlic, Mar-

See Aliens, Mercator. ^^H

tVTlZ.

Mercator alienigenus, 393. See Aliens, ^^M

Mart>Ti, 509. See Mardna.

Mercator. ^H

Martynwombe, 504. See Martina,

Mercator extraneus, 346, 374» 393* 6o4' ^H

Mart>'nz, 504, 506. 5«* Martina.

See Aliens, Mercator. ^^H

Mas* clogges (mazer cïogs ?), 509.

Mercator forinsecus, 219. See Mer* ^H

Mases (mace), 324. See Maces.

cator. ^H

748

INDEX

Mercator indigena, 520, n. 3, 596 f., 611,
618, 624. See Mercator.

Mercatum (market), 155, 168^170.

Merceria, 260, 327-333, 344. See
Mercery.

Mercery, 137, 560. See Merceria.

Merces (wares), 271, 272, 311, 317, 334,
338, 341, 345, 395, 396.

Merchant, 19, n., 20, 30-32, 33, n. 3, 34,
36, 41, n. 2, 43, 47-55, 57, 5», 60, n. 6,
63, 64, 68-70, 77-79, 81, »3, 85, 87, 88,
90, 92-^, 99, n. 3, loi, 103, no. III,

113, 114, 119, 120, 124, 126, 127, 135-
137, 141, 207, 210, 211, 225, 374, 414,
515, 516, 520, 522, 526, 561, 602, 606,
607. 5m Hansa, Marchant, Mercator,
Middleman.

Merchant Adventurers, 92, 123. See

Marchants Adventerers.
Merchant, Florentine, 54, 55.
Merchant, foreign, 57, 68, 99, n. 3, 135,

137, 154, 211, 257 f., 374.
Merchant, French, 55, 106, 135.
Merchant, Hanse, 72, n. 3, 106, no, 1x2,

114, 127, n. I, 131, 435, 452, 453, 646.
See Hansa.

Merchant, Italian, 77, n. i, 106.
Merchant of Aquitaine, 36, 42, 45, 69.
Merchant of Bayonne, 97.
Merchant of Bordeaux, 57.
Merchant of Brabant, 74, n. 3.
Merchant of Lorraine, 60, n. 6.
Merchant of the Stai)ie, 112, 114.
Merchants and shipping, 110-115.
Merchant, Spanish, 131, n. 2.
Merchant Staplers, 225.
Mercimonia (merchandise), 523-525.
Meredith, H. O., 44, n. if 60.
Meremium (timber), 157, 158, 176. See

Lignum, Timber, Wood.
Messure, 706. See Measures.
Mester (master) mariner, 233, 242. See

Magister.
Metal, 108, 117.
Aletal wares, 453, 560.
Metropolitan organization, 121,
Mexico, 133.
Middclbourgh (Middelburg in Zealand),

596. See Mcdylburgh, Middilburgh,

Myddylboroughe.
Middilburgh, 431, 533. See Middel- 1

bourgh.
Middleman, 164. See Merchant.
Mile,5/j.
Militia, loi.
Millstones, 32, n. 6, 125, 192, 288. See

Milstones, Myllstones.
Miln post' (mill post), 157.
Milstones, 612. See Millstones.
Milton, 26, n. 3.

Milvel (mulvel, haddock), 156. See

Milvellum, Mulewellus, Mulwellus.
Minden, Edwardus van, 438.
Ministers (customs officiais), 99, n. 3.
Minutatim vendere (to sell by retafl),

260.
Misefurra (mice-fur ?), 509.
Mistel bedes (missal beads), 568, 569.
Mitchell, S. K., ji.

Mixtilio (mistlin) , 384, 61 2,613, 653, 668.
Modiatio (wine tax in Rouen), 13.
Mola (millstone), 157, 160, 323, 324,

365, 387, 388, 390, 391. See Millstones,

Molaris.
Mola manuaU's (hand millstone), 375,

387, 388, 390, 301. Su Mola.
Mola pro fabris (grindstone for Uack-

smitns), 2x4. See Mola.
Mola pro molendino (?), 214. See

Mola.
Molaris (millstone), 168, 441, 443, 625,

620, 640. See Mole.
Molciys (moulds), 442, 443.
Mole (mola), 210. See Mola.
Monachus, 688. See Monk.
Monastery, 21, 26, n. i, 46, n. 2.
Money, 346, 687. See Pecunia.
Money, counted, 274, 346. See Pecunia

numerata.
Monk, 687. See Monachus.
Monkeys, 302. Su Simea.
Moot, loi.
Moravia, 165.
Mordant, 117.
Moreage (moorage ?), 22.
Morkins (skins of dead lambs), 5<S2, 589-

591-
Mozi (Italian merchants), 519.
Mudfish, 647, 671.
Mue, La, 235, 237, 238.
Mulewellus, 365, 366. See Milvel.
Mull madre (inferior madder), 672. See

Madder.
Mullmather, 700. Su Madder, Mull

madre.
Multo (sheep, wether), 167, 361, 366.
Mulvellus, 160, 175, 216, 365, 366, 371.

See Milvel.
Mumbr (? drug), 512.
Municipal leagues, 100.
Murage (wall tax), 23, 33, 67, 90, 107,

137, 176 f., 259. Su Muragium.
Muragium, 176, 260. Su Murage.
Muruca (a kind of fish), 374, 379, 381,

384.
Muskeballes (muskball), 562.
Mustardquernes (mustard-seed), 440.

See Mustardseede.
Mustardquemestonys (mustard-seed

stones), 441. See Mustardseede.

^^^ 749 ^H

m Mûstardseede, 577. :

Norwich, Records of the City of, 28, n. 6, ^^H

Mutton» 360,

^^H

Mutuum, 81, 83, 88, 131. See Loan,

Norwicz, 407' See Norwich. ^^^1

Myddylboroughc, 629. See Middd-

Nof^'iz, ^^^H

bourgh.

Nottingham, 25, n. 3, 155. ^^^1

Myffyll (lincii clotb), ôgç.

Nottmygges (nutmegs), 700. See Nux ^^^H

Mykn (Milan, Italy), 307.

muscala. ^^^H

M yl Is tones, 700. Sec Millstones.

Nova custuma. See Custuma (nov'a), ^^^H

M>'nkes (^kins), 578, 700.

Custom (new) of 1303. ^^^1

M>Ti5ter clothe (MUnster cloth ?} 700-

Nova custuma vinomm. See Custuma ^^^H

vinonim (nova). ^^^H

Names, 578. 5w Nails.

Nov^m Castellum, 222, 449. See ^^^M

Nails, 635 , See Nailles, Naylles.

Novum Casinim super Tynam. ^^^H

Naperia (napcr>'), 506.

Novum Cus trump 201, 708. See Novum ^^^H

Napkins, 569, 570, 571^574, 579i S8o,

Castro m super Tynam . ^^^1

683.

Novum Ca»tmm super Tynam (New- ^^^H

Naples » 1 09 , r 2 5 , See NapuU,
Naplef! ftistian, 560. See Naples.

castle), 407, 426, 434. See Novum ^^^H

Castellum, Novum Castnim. ^^^H

Napuls, S72. See Naples.

Nundina (fair), 19S, 199, 220, 222. ^^^H

Natkmal regulation, 134-138.

Nuts, 193, 526. See Nux, Nux muscata, ^^^H

Navarra (Navarre), 259.

Nux muscati. ^^^1

Navicula (little ship), 154^ See Navis,

Nux (out)^ 268« 361, 509, 514. ^^^1

Navns (ship), 269, 335, 635. See Na\d-

Nux muscata (nutmeg), 270. See Nux, ^^^^1

cula.

Nux muscati. ^^^H

Navis magna, 2t6, See Navia.

Nux m u scat! (nutmeg), 213. See Nux, ^^^H

Navis minor, 216. See Navis.

Nux muscata. ^^^1

Naylles, 700, 701. See Nails.

^^^H

Nedilles, 660. 5« Needles.

Oars, 374. See Onys, Orys. ^^H

Ncdyllcs, 701, See Needles.

Oats, 526. See Avena. ^^H

Needles, 647. 5« NediUes, Ncdylles.

Odiham, 69, n. 4. ^^^1

Nelvyng (Elbing ?), 547, 551.

Oil, 113, 114, n. I, 128, 133, 153, 155, ^^H

Nest (set), 616, 617, 650, 659, 666, 667,

i74r 346, 553 1 5601 606, Ô47. See ^^H

671-675,677-679,696.

Oleum, Oyle, Oylle. ^^H

Ncthrop (rope), 160,

Oil cakes, 647, 659. ^^H

Newark, 155, 157, 158.

Oil, rape, 607, 610. See OyUe (rape). ^^H

Newcastell canvas, 696. See Newcastle.

Oker (ochre), 589- ^H

Newcastle (on Tyne), 19, 98, 107, 119,

Oleum (oil), 165, 175, 2x5, 284, 289 f., ^^H

12 1, 200, 210, 225, n. 2f 244. See No*

31 1. 3ÏS* 3S4-3S<i, 358, 37it S^7* 437, ^^M

vum Castnim.

442, 445. 499. 502-507. 509. 510, 562- ^^H

Ncwcnham (Newnham), 426.

464, 568, 570, 576, 580, 612. See Oil, ^^H
Oleum. ^^^H

Newport, 177.

Niewenham, 434. See Newcnham.

Olium, 655, 683. See Oleum. ^^^1

Niraude, 191.

OMa (jar or pot), 215, 343, 626, 627, 665* ^^^1

Nivelles (in Brabant), 154, 155.

See Jar, Pots. ^^H

Nomen mercatoris (merchant's name, a

Olla enea (brass pot), 325, 353. Se€ ^^^M

fee for recording it), 250 f., 254 f.

^^H

Norfolk, 29, n. 12, 95.

Olla stannea (tin pot) , 463-465, 480, 48t. ^^^1

Nonnandy, 13, nn. 5 and 6, 14, 128, 154,

See Olla. ^^M

tSS, 210, 21 1, 647» 650. See Nof'

Olla terre (earthen jar), 498, 500, 501, ^^^|

mannia.

5^3 1 5<37f 510- See Olla. ^^^1

Normandy canvas, 696.

0!ron (a kind of cloth), 560, 573, 577. ^^^1

Normandy clothe, 705.

01y(oil?),558. ^H

Nonnandy glasse, 698.

Onions, 109, 130, 163, 167, 193, 194. 360, ^^^H
436. 4S3t 553. 606, 609. See Ccpa. ^^H

Normannia, 350. See Normandy.

North, pannus (doth of northern Eng-

Onion seed, 109. ^^^H

land), 582. S^S, 588-

Onyoncs, 701. See Ornons. ^^^H

Norwagia, 380. See Norway.

Onyons, 444, 620, 622, 658. See Omons. ^^^|

Norway, 12, n, 5, 49, 207, 210. See

Oppenheimer, Franz, 15, n. i. ^^^H

Norwagia,

Opus (work, pcltO')p 389« 43^* ^^H

Norwich, 46. n. 3. See Norwicz. Opus bissi (skin of muak ?), 269. ^^^1

750

INDEX

Opus de rusikyn (a kind of fur), 213. See

Roddn, Ruskin, Ruskyn.
Opus griseum, 284, 290 f., 298, 377, 380,

388, 391. See Gray, Opus grisum.
Opus grisum, 213. See Gray, Opus

griseum.
Opus rubeum, 439, 441, 444, 445. See

Opus rubium, Redwerk.
Opus rubium, 213. See Opus rubeum,

Redwerk.
Oranges, 453, 560. See Orenges.
Ordeum (barley), 169, 372, 343-345, 375,
376, 378, 382-384, 386, 388, 412, 413,
472, 608, 613, 616, 628. See Barley
meale, Ordium.
Ordium, 661 , 664, 666, 667. See Ordeum.
Oreford, 222. See Orford.
Orenges, 506, 510, 514, 564, 581. See

Oranges.
Orewelle (Orwell), 182.
Orford, 173, 404. See Oreford.
Organization, local, 13.

economic, 22.

international, 102.

national, 13, 102.

religious, 26.

Originalia (rolls in Record Office), 5, 63,

n. 5. See Originalis rotulus.
Originalis rotulus, 436. Su Originalia.
Orpement (orpiment, yellow dye), 514.

See Orpementte.
Orpementte, 701. See Orpement.
Orrys, 701. Su Oars.
Orthell, 568.
Ortshall, 701.
Orys, 501, 608. See Oars.
Osbrigg (Osnaburg in Germany), 379,
386,391. •SceOsenbriggjOssunbregges.
Osenbrigg (Osnaburg), 282. See Os-
brigg, Ossunbregges.
Osmond-e (Swedish iron), 193,214,(5/^,
647. See Ferrum, Osmondus, Os-
mund, O^moundes.
Osmondus, 437-445, Soi, S02, 555, 610-
612, 616, 622, 666, 672-675, 677-679.
See Osmond.
Osmund, 379. See Osmond.
Osours (cloth), 196.
Ossey (wine of Alsace), 611.
Ossmoundes, 701. See Osmond.
Ossunbregges (Osnaburg cloth), 701.
Ostensio (scavage, import duty), 153,

I54y 155. See Scavage.
Ostours (goshawk), 298. See Hostours.
Ostriche peliis (ostrich skin), 578.
Osyers (osiers), 195.
Oterymoutha (in Devonshire ?), 255.
Otter (skins), 701. See Ottre.
Ottre, 213. SeeOtttT.
Oudenarde (in Flanders), 340.

Ovum (egg), iss, 158, 162, 485. See

Ow^tnall (outnall or linen) tlired, 704.

Oxen, 360.

Oxford, 24, n. I, 426.

Oyle, mette, 701. See Oil.

C^le, woUe, 701. Su OH,

OyUe, 706. Su Où,

QfyMt, rape, 701, 702. Su Oil (rape).

Oynonette, 362.

Oynons, 554, 5S6. Su Onions.

Pakfilum (pack thread), 568, 569, 575,
578, 580.

Pakke (pack), 616,

Palgrave, Sir R. H. I., 65, n. 3, 82, n. 4,

Palmer, C. J.^ 29, nn. 2 and 12.

Pane (pelt), 597. 598. Su Mantelle,
Paim, Pannys (pelts).

Paniers (panniers), 485.

Panis (loaf) de sucre, 348, 496. See
Sugar.

Pann, 597. Su Pane.

Pannes (pans). 562. Su Pans.

Pannus (cloth), 154, 160, 161, 169-172,
176, 190, 209, 210, 214, 263, 265 f.,
272, 273, 27s f., 288 f., 301, 302, 306-
311, 325-327, 330, 332-334, 340, 347,
349, 350, 352-354, 359, 360, 374, 384,
392-397, 414 f., 427, n. 2, -#j<^439,
443-^5J, 45^498, 503, 528-554, 556,
559, 572, 573, 577, 581-594, 608, 614,
615, 618, 619, 621, 623, 624, 630, 636-
640, 645, 648H351, 654, 657, 658, 660-
665, 668-672, 675, 676, 679-684, 689.
See Cloth.

Pannus ad vela (sailcloth), 169, 322, 324,
326, 335.

Pannus bumetti (brown cloth ?), 274.

Pannus de cerico (silk cloth), 215. Su
Pannus serici.

Pannus de Flandria (Flemish doth), 214.

Pannus depictus (painted cloth), 489,
562, 563, 568, 570, 575-

Pannus grisius (grey cloth), 214.

Pannus integer (whole cloth), 186.

Pannus lanosus (woolen cloth), 365, 373.

Pannus lineus (linen cloth), 214, 341.

Pannus monachalis (monk's cloth), 214.

Pannus operatus cum auro (cloth woiked
with gold), 215.

Pannus scarletus (§carlet cloth), 309,
311-

Pannus serici (silk doth), 514. See
Pannus de cerico.

Pannus veluti (velvet cloth), 372. See
Velvet.

Pannus vetus (old cloth), 316, 320, 321,
342.

Pannys (pelts), 577. Su Pane.

^^H INDEX 751 ^H

Pannys, btcwyng, 6^6, See Pans.

Pccunta (money), 220, 225^ n. 6. See ^^^|

Pannys, fr>'engj 69S, See Pans.

Denarius. ^^^1

Pans, 130, 635» À« Pannys*

Pecunia numerata (counted money), ^^^|

Pans, droppyn, 697.

347, 687-689. See Denarius mimera- ^^^|

Pany s (pel ts ) , 577. See Pane .

tu£, Pecunia. ^^^1

Papaga (parrot), 487. Set Parrot,

Peivre (poivre, pepper), 163. See ^^^M

Paper, no, 196, 511-513» S^i <>o^* 607,

Peyvrc. ^^^H

624, 627, 632, 635, 69s, 701. See

Pelctria (peltr>'), 169, 171, 268, 271, 313» ^^^^H

Papinis, Paupinis.

317. 3i3. 320, 327 331, 364, 37t. 559* ^^^^1

Papims (paper), 562, 563, 566, 567, 570,

See PellectB, Pelles, Pellicia, Pellis, ^^^H

573i 578» 5^. 6o<5, 640. See Paper.

Peltry. Skins. ^^^H

Paris, 269, 279, 282, 330, 343. See

Pellecta (pelt), 166, 209. See Peletria. ^^M

Candel (Peris), Parrys, Par>'s.

Pelles (pell^), 162, 175, 245. 381, See ^^M

Parliament, 4-8, 12, 14^ 64, 65, 69-72^

Pellis, Peletria, Pelhcia, Skins. ^^H

77-79, 82, 84, 88-93, 414, 5t5, 530»

Pelks agnellorum (pelts of small lambs), ^^^|

523. See Commons, Lords*

ParliamenUry Writs, 69, n. 4» 7**t 81,

Pelles agnorum (pelts of lambs), 311, ^^^1

n, 2, 105, n. 3, 224, n. 1.

313.319,391. ^^M

Parliament, Rolls of. See Rolls of

Pelles caprarum (pel ts of she-goats) ,551. ^^^H

m Parliament
H Parrot, 1 20. ^cr Papaga.
Parrys (Paris) canvas, 696.

Pelles caprine, 3S0, 383, 387. ^^^1

Pelles cattomm (pelts of cats), 2&0, 536. ^^^H

Peïles cuT^culanim, 628, 630. See PeUes ^^^|

Particulars of accounts. See Customs

cuniculorum. ^^^H

accou n is { particulars 0!) .

Pelles cuniculonim (cony pelts), 162, ^^^H

Partnership, 113, 114, 164, 167, 225» 4^7.

183, 213, 269, 313, 315, 316, 31S, 324, ^^H

n- ir 453, 4S4t 553» 607. See Con-

3^5. 343. 351. 457, 460-462, 464-466, ^^H

junctly Societas, Socius.

46^470, 472-475. 477, 478, 48a, 484, ^^M

Parva custuma. See Custuma (parva).

486, 487, 493, 497, S3(»^ 581-583. 5^9, ^^M

Parys, 331. 5cc Paris.

591, 610, 613, 614, 6tQ, 662f 663, 66S. ^^^1

Pascha (Easter)» 155.

See PcUcs cunicularum. ^^^H

Passage, 198, Set Passagium.

Peilcs de eligh, 3S7. ^^M

PâaBagium (toll for passing through), 28,

Pelles îanose de sesena (seasonable wool- _H

n. 7. See Passage, ThoroughtoU, Trans-

fells), 66. 6>e PetHs lanuta, Seson. ^^M

versum.

Pelles ovium (sheep-skins), 312. See ^^^M

Patella (pan), 166, 215, 325, 343, 464.

PeUisovnna, ^^^H

Patella enna (brass pan), 463.

Pcllicia (peltry), 278, 281. See Peletria. ^^H

Patent Rolls, 172, n, t, 221,

Pellis (a pelt), 506. See Peletria, Pelles, ^^M

Paternoster, 687, 689.

Pcllicia, Skins. H

Patronus iship captain), 640-644. See

Pellis agnina (lamb-skin), 209, 214, ^Ê

Magister.

269 f., 279, 280, 2S4, 285, 438, 439i ^^H

Patten naylles (nails), 700.

Pat>Tis (ciogs or paten cakes), 455, 500. j

460, 462, 466, 474, 480, 487. 493. 582, ^^H

589, 591, 619. See Pelles agncllorum, ^^M

See Cïogges, Shoes.

Pelles agnorum. ^H

Paupirus, 609. See Paper.

Pellis agnina messa, 470, 473. See ■

Pavage, 67, 107, 13 7» 259-

Pellis agnina. ■

Pavagium, 260.

Pellis agnina passa, 456, 457, 463. 47^1 __^Ê

Paves (pa vises or shields ?), âjS-

473. See Pellis agnina. ^^^H

Pavyn^ll (paving-tile), 500, 510, 563,

Pellis boge (pelt of boçe or budge), 574. ^^^|
Pellis bogy bastard (imita lion budge), ^^^|

6o6» 608. 610, 612, 613, 620, 649» 656,

671, 682. See Pavyng tyUe.

573. Sec Pellis boge, Pellis lambç, ^^^|

Pavyng tyllc^ 701. See Pavyngtyll.

Pellis caprina (goatskin or -pelt), 209, ^^^|

Payment in kind, 13, 16, 19, 130, 154, 164.

284, 289, 390, 293, 296, 299. 318, 375. ^^1

Payment, money, 13, 15-17, 42 1 S^i S7i

217.

Pellis cervina (stag-skin), 167. ^^H

Peas, 536. See Pisa, Peson, Pessun.

Pellis cum lana (woolfell), 209. See Peltin ^^H

Peau (skin), 223 f. See Peau leine, Pellis,

lanuta, ^^M

Pcllis lanuta, Peletria, Skins.

Pellis de beevere (beaver-skin), 439. ■

Peau, leine, 224, Sec PeJlis lanula.

Pcllis de jenetts (pelt of jennets), 213. ■

Pecten (comb), 498, 514, 561, 569, 571,

Pelhs de martina (mart in -skin), 439. ^Ê

574, 578, 5^, 688.

Pellis dc roo (pelt of a roe), 461, 485. ^^H

752

INDEX

Pdlis Hispannie (Spanish pelt), 574.

Pellis lambe (lamb-skin), 573. See Pelles
agnellorum, Pelles agnorum, Pellis
a^nina, Pellis boge.

Pellis lanuta (woolfell), 246 f., 350, 354 f.,
263, 265. 266, 303-306, 393, 394, 396,
409-411, 596f., 6o2f., 607, 689, 5i6f.,
521, 527. See Peau (leine). Pelles
lanose, Pellis cum lana, Woolfells.

Pellis leporina (hare>skin), 167, 209.

Pellis lucrina, 166.

Pellb onna (sheep-skin), 461, 470. See
Pelles ONnum.

Pellb passa (decayed pelt ?), 487.

Pdlis rubea (ledwerk r). 575.

Pellb scuiellonim (sc^uirrel-skin), 190.

Pellb vitulina (calf-skm), 450, 457, 460,
468, 475. 484. 486, 496, 531. 536, 538-
541, 548. 551. 559, 582. 583» 585-588.
5QO, 591.

Pellis >ntulina tannata (calf-skin tanned),
456. 457.

Pellis \*ulpina (fox-skin), 280. See Fox
skynes.

Peltb (peltsV 1O6. See Pelles.

Peltry, t6o. 500. See Peletria.

PeU-is vWin^. 3S0, 438, 439, 458, 462.
400. 503- 508. See Basina.

Fennars ^>enneis). 50S, 570.

Penula (hood\ 200. 541. 54S.

Penule cuniculonim (hoods of Cony-
skins'^, 552.

Peper, 554. 701. Set Pepper.

Peper quernes ipepper corns'^. 667. See
Pepper.

Pep'.A v^■eiî . ^:^o. 5^-- Peplum.

Peplum vveir. 115. ^;j;o. ^;^;;. ^w Pepla.

Pepper. 155. 154. ^UO- ^V*- Pei\-re.
iVper. Peper querr.e^. Pewre.

Perce I!a parveî or pvirt\ 04$.

Pepf v5tor.e . .'.*^ :. ^ff Petra.

Perls ..Paris - . c::.

Perr-a .t'.itch o: *>dcv»n\ loc. *C5. i-cc.
^U4. ^iS:. 5^-- Kaco. Racvn. Ricvhes.

rc!vr.r. ..Pèn."~r.e in northern France ,

4-vl.

Pc-^sjLçe cue for •^viirhir.i: , : *. 00. n. x,
Peson. crrr.e crrer. pexs". Cf:. 5^

Tossurr. : r ; ^.'y PeJLS.

Pewter, in, 117, 118, 560,692. SerVii
electri, Vasa stannea, Pewter vcadt

Pewter vesselle, 702. See Pewter.

Peynte (paint), 706.

Peyvre (poivre, pepper), 163.

Picard, gualdum (woad of Vicu&f),sli
See Picardy, Woad.

Picardy (in northern France), »0^ m,
560. See Picard.

Picherus (pitcher), 269.

Pictauia (Poitiers, in France), 35a

Pightel>'nges, 614.

Pigs, 153, 155. See Bacones (poilai

Pileus de beevere (hat of beaver), 44}.

Pincema (butler), 415.

Pinguedo (fat), 209. See Piogois.

Pingub (fat), 169. See C^aB, lb
guedo, TaUow.

Pinnoc (bundle of doth), 184. 5i
P>imoc, P>imokys.

Pipa (a pipe, one half a tun), 191, #1
See Pipes-

Pipata (about a p^ie in amount?), #5

Pipa \-acua (an empty l»pe). 655.

Piper (pepper), 155. i6i, 166, 213, D»-
272, 34S, 47I1. 4*9. 4Q5, 5"-5M.S?l
579' 581, 665. Se€ Pepper.

Pipes, 688. 701. See Pipa.

Pirum (pear), 460«, 465.

Pisa (peas), 165. 352, 563, 392.413.4A
462, 464, 465. 471, 472, S37- *
Peas.

Pisa (we>-). 353.

Piscator < fisherman^ . 1 63.

Piscis tâsh^-. 154. 150. 100. 104- lOTr^
rSo f.. 515. 310. 521-314. 3^- j*^
304- 44-' 50^. 505, 56c. 5~s.5':.5/
^Sc. CKXÎ. c^o. 050. iro. occ. a;. 5f
Xllecium. Conner. E>i. Fîsi. H*»i
Herring:. Pisscis, Pis&b, PSas.

Pisscis. 55S. 5<r F^iscis-

Pissis. 1-5. 5er Piscis.

Pitch, no. 1-4.- ICÎ. 4??. r>2. ?at.ti
^4-. ^sre Fix. Pycbe' Pvci ar.??t

Pix pitch . rSo, ^ic. 5-^ .'iff .ik-if
450-444. 452. 4,5«:«. 53;— 5rf. r=C-.^
555. 5nS. 50c. co5. "M- r:: :n.
r;:, :r:5. r;-. f 52 r = c. :r: tf^ik

P>k.

?:r4

rxr.
"4 4 j-.::4 >r.Ar

;::. 325. 3.-5. ^f!f
ft.-* - . xCC,

: JI5 rïOKit rr«
r"4Zi.>. 43^. 44-.

« Ci J«

\::t>. >:rVVL:j.~ 15. r :.

To^w T^:. r"~î-

5« rU:?s. :i^ i5j: x.:

F:A:e<<:4z:ii: tin pia-rss- .*r.:i i«?ïs

INDEX

753

Pleas, 24.

Pluma (feather), 270, 284, 508, 5«

Plumme.
Plumbym (lead), 156, 158, 160, 177, içî,

209, 210, 26g, 377-279, 281, 282, 284^

285, J49, 351. 353» 354, 359. 45«, 462,

463, 536* 539. 55 ï. 581, 583. 58s. 588.

Sço, 628, 630, 648, 649, 657» 663, 671,

680,681. SeeL&aa,
Plumme (feathers)» 238. See Pluma.
Pl>Tnmoutba» 250 f., 254!. See Ply-
mouth.
Pl>Tiimulh, 404. See PîymoiILh.
Pl>Tnoiith» 105, 118, 150 f,, 254. See

Plymmoutha, Plymmuth.
Points (of thread, doLh, leather, etc.),

458. 4^n 463. 465, 467, 470, 473» 474,

476, 477i 481, 483-489, 493t 494» 660,

702.
Poitou (in western France), 154.
ï*oka, 410, 604, n. I. See Poke.
Poke (bundle of wool, larger or smaller

than a sack), 225 f., 575, 597. See

Poka.
Poke (measure, of alum), 157,
Pokct (bundle, of hops), 629.
Pole, 403, 410, 426. See Poole,
Pole, Ricardusde la, 211, 39g,
Pomegamade, 514. Sec Pomegamcttes.
Pomcgamcttcs (pomegranates), 564, See

Pomegamade, Poraegametts, Pomum

granalum.
Pomegamctts, 576. Set Pomegamettes.
Pomeis (pumice ?), 514.
Pomfrait (Pontefract), 223, n. 3, 228,

aji, 232, 238, 240. See Ponfrait.
Pomum (apple), 465, 505. 5«^ Apples.
Pomum granatum^ 358* Set Pome-

ga met tes.
Pondagium (poundage), 607, 624. See

Poundage.
Pondium, 527. See Pondus.
Pondus (pound), 157» 261, 393.
Pondus Magnum (great pound), 28, n. 8.
Ponfrait, 228, See Pomfrait.
Pontage (bridge toll), 259. See Ponta-

gium.
Pontagium, 28, n. 7, 67, 137, 260. See

Pontage,
Pontaudemer (something produced in

Pont Audemer in northern France),

214. See Poundaudemer.
Pontejenses (peo|)le of Ponthieu in

Picard y , France), 155*
Pontcir, 510*

Poole. 36, 53, 188, 202, 5« Pole.
Poole, R. L., 97, n. i,
Popel (a kind of pelt)» 290, 292, 301. 508,
Popinjays, 453, 514.
Porcus (pig), 155, 158, 162, 167. 215,322.

Poreuilc (Pourville in northern France),

244.

Porpeys, 501. See Porpoise.
Porpoise, 647. See Porpcys, Porpose.
Porposc, 650, See PorpoL«ie.
Portagium (freight), 44, n. 2.
Portagiuin (mariners' portage), 113, 114,

n. i»454t S 14.
Porta tores (agents), 113.
Port Books, 98, n. 7, 141.
Portesmoutha, 366, 367, 369, 408, 426»

524. See Portsmouth,
Portesmutha, 367. 5«f Portsmouth.
Portingale, 354-35^» 359- ^^^ Portugal.
Portingalia, 354, 355» 359^ See Portugal
Ports, 19» n., 27, 30, 32, 36, 37, 40, n, 4,

41, 42, n. 9, 43, n. 3, 46, 47. 63, 69, 91,

93»97p99,ti. ii «04-108, 110-113,115,

124, 145^302,414-
Ports, distribution of, 104-108.
Portsmouth, 27, 49, n. i, 360. See

Portesmoutha, Portesmutha.
Portugal, 114. See Portingale, Portiji-

galta, Portugalia, Portyngale, Port-

ynggaJe grayne.
Portugalia, 259. Sec Portugal.
Portugal, merchants of, 346.
Portyn gale , 3 1 7 , 3 3Ô , 649 . See Portugal .
Port>tiggalc gra>Tie, 698- See Portugal,

Granum.
Poscenet (metal pot), 166.
Potash alum (? cineres)* 119, 133. See

Ashes, Pot ashes, Pott ashes, Cinders,

Cine res, Sanders.
Pot ashes, 374. See Cineres, Potash alum.
Potbras (pot-brass), 6jq.
Potel potts (pottle pots), 3^5,
Pots, 130, 196. See Potts, Pottys.
Pots, drinking, 647.
Potsugr (pot*sugar ?), 640.
Pott ashes, 6^g. See Cineres, Potash

alum.
Potts, 562, 563, 568, 651, 683. See Pats.
Potts, drynkyng, 671.
Pottus stanni (tin pot), 459.
Pottys, 554. See Pots.
Pouchcringcs, 563, 565, 569, 572, 575,

578-580.
Poundage, 67, 78, 80-85, ^^*t ^^2, 125,

134, 258, 264, 267 f., 273, 30S1 346,

360p 374, 393- 394, 435, 5»5» 5^2^-,

526, ^53 f., 60O, 634. See Pondagium

Subsidy of tonnage and poundage.
Poundaudemcr, 179. 5ec PoDtaudemer.
Pound sterling, 374.
Powchca (pouches), 568, 580, 701.
PowUd davys (poïdavys, Brittany coarse

can\'as), 701.
Precium (price), 261, 346, 39c, 408. See

Price.

754

INDEX

Preemption, i6, 38.

Prelates, 93.

Prerogative, 5, 7, 8, 15, 21, 70, 92.

Presses, 665.

Price, 42, n. 2, 44, 48, 51, 70, 121-129,

133, 134, 164. See Precium, Prisys.
Primage (toll or payment), 22.
Printed books, no.
Prisa (seizure of goods, notably wine),

159» 203, n. 2, 261, 264. See Prisage,

Prise.
Prisa, justa, 39, n.

mala, 41.

recta, 19, n. 7, 20, 38, 41, 42, 45,

46, n. 7, 62, 200 f.
Prisage, 16, 22, 43, nn. 2 and 5, 67. See

Prisa, Prise.
Prisage of wines, 37. See Prisa, Prise.
Prise, II, 13, 15-21, 35, 53, 56, 57, 65,

67, 68, 89, 93, 163.

ancient, 16, 33.

early definite, 38, 45.

irregular, 68.

Prise theory, 9, 15, 18, 20, 21, 28, 44, 45,

^2, 56, 62, 67, 68.
Pnse, undefined, 38, 45.
Prisys (prices), 694.
Privy Council, Acts of, 91, n. 7, 92, nn. 2

and 8, 141, n. 5.
Producers, 20.
Production, 25, loi, 108.
Prohibition (against exportation), 56,

59, n. I, 63, 64, 107, 135.
Prothers, G. W., 91.
Prouyncia, 328. See Provincia.
Provincia (Provence), 259.
Provinsce, 240. See Provincia.
Provisions, 61.
Pruce (Prussian, spruce), 6x6, 617, 650,

667. See Prucetablez, Pruse, Sprusse.
Pruce tablez, 437. See Pruce.
Prunes, 701. Sec Prunys, Prwnys.
Prunys, 5/^. See Prunes.
Pruse, 501, 502, 608, 612. See Pruce.
Prwnys, 701. 5ee Prunes.
Prymers, prynted (printed primers),

701.
Pulchi (Italian merchants), 519.
Pullanus (foal), 158. See Equus.
Pulvis pro pellibus (dust for pelts), 506.
Purees, 616. See Purses.
Purses,. 565, 616, 695. See Bursa,

Purees.
Purveyance, 16-21, 57, 67, 137.
Pyche, 702. See Pitch.
Pych tar, 214. See Pitch.
Pyk, 174. See Pitch.
Pylchard her>'ng (pilchard herring), 658.
Pymper elles (a kmd of eel), 697. See

Pympemelles.

Pympemelles, 507, 508, 510. See

Pymper elles.
Pynes, 563. See Pynnes.
Pjmnes, 572, 660. See Pynes.
Pynnok, 528 f. See Pinnoc.
Pynnokys, 44s f. See Pinnoc.

Quadra (a square), 626, 627.

Quadriga (waggon), 183.

QuaiUes, 567, 568, S7i, 576, 577, 581.

iSm Quails.
Quails, 560. See Quailles.
Quart, 706.

Quarterium (quarter of woad), 166.
Quarterium (quarter, 8 bushels of grain).

See references to Braseum, Frumen-

tum, Ordeum.
Quatemium (quarter ?), 166.
Quarteron (a quarter), 226 f.
Quarteronus (a quarter, of figs and

raisins), 351 f., 356, 358.
Quartpott, 505.
Quayage, 23, 172 f.
Qudnistonys (quadra-stones), 702.
Quemestone (corn-stone), 296. See

Quemestonys, Quemstons.
Quemestonys, 440^ 441, 443. See Quer-

nestone.
Quemstons, 49^, 500, 501, 507-509, 625,

626. See Quemestone.
Quibibes, 213, 324.
Quicksilver, 167. See QuyckesyUver,

Vivum argentum.
Quilta, 269. See Quyllts, Quylts.
Quindecima (the fifteenth), 217 f., 221,

222. See Fifteenth of 1203.
Quintallus (quintal or hundredweight),

308, 442.
Quir (leather), 163. See Leather, Quyr.
Quisshonz (cushions), 459, 477, 478.
QuyckesyUver, 702. See Quicksilver.
Quyllts, 702. See Quilta.
Quylts, 573. See Quilta.
Quyr, 175, 223 f. See Quir.

Rabestans, 230, 232.

Racemus, 161, 268, 269, 314, 315, 317,

319-321, 335-337, 352, 354-358, 563,

632. Sec Racimus, Raisins, Rascmus,

Rasinus, Resons, Reysyng.
Racimus, 351. See Racemus.
Raclefissh (stockfish), 216.
Rafters, 646, 650. See Raufters.
Ragemus (?), 215.

Raisins, 346, 624. See Racemus, Resons.
Ramsay, Sir James H., 12, 57, 58, 67,

n. 3, 69, n.4, 71, 143, 213, n. i, 258,

n.3.
Rape oile (rape-oil), 504.
Rapesede (rape-seed), 655, 657, 676.

^^B INDEX ^^^f 755

RasemuSp 466, See Racemus,

Relisaunse, 514.

■

Rasbus» 213. Sec Racemtis.

Remcholt (wood for oars), s^S'

Rasors» 470» 5^- ^^ Razors.

Remus (oar), 163, 382, 388, 392, 650,

^^^^1

Rasours, 0$, 56^, 571. Sec Razors.
Rates (ad valorem duties, national), 48,

666, 676, 677, 679. See Oars, Remc-

^^^^1

holt,

^^^^1

M SO, 53> 56. 6f, 66, 69, So-83. 87, 88,

Renesh, vitrum (Rhenish glass), 574.

^^^H

^fe n. 1, 92, 110, 121, 131, 217 f.. 258, 263,

Sc^ Rhenish gluss, vitrum.

^^^^1

■ i^73 in 39J f- 411 f.. 515. 532 f,, 5^7 f-t

Renish, \nnum de (Rhenish wine), 608,

^^^^1

■ 553^-. 56' f-, 6o6f., 691-693. See Ad

See Renyche wyne, Reynyshe vinum.

^^^^1

^V valorem, Dcdma, Poundage, Quin-

Rhenish wine.

^^^H

V dccima.

Rcnnyng glasses, 569.

^^^H

H Rates (ad valorem duties, semi-national) ,

Renyche wyne, 706, 5c« Rhenish wine.

H 212, 214-216.

Ren^h wyne, 651, 652. See Rhcnkh

■ Rates (appraisal, valuation), 93, 121-

wine.

■ I2Ç. See Rates (Book of), Valor,

Retiysseh* wyne, 649, See Rhenish wine.

^^^^1

■ Valuation.

Reobarb (rhubarb), 5/j. See Rcw

^^^^1

W Ratfî.. Book of, 6, 59, n. i, 91, n. 7, 93,

barbe, Rybar!>e,

^^^^1

122-129, 131,694-706.

Repes (measure or container), 506,

^^^^1

Rates (specific duties, local), 32, n, 4,

Rercbras (rerebmcc), 504,

^^^H

36, 130, i53'i&7. iÇ^r 193-

Résina (resin), 37^^377, 38i, 385» 389.

^^^H

Rates (specific duties, national), 36, 43,

See Rcisina, Rosin, Rosina.

43, 66, 67, 72, 79, 80, 83, 84, 88, n. I,

Resons, 702. See Raisins.

92, 99, n. 4, 131, 223 f., 258, 262, 263,

Rethe (fish-net), 160. See Recia.

393 f,, 4C9 f., 4Ï4 ^-.S^S ^- 520 f.. 527 f.,

Reurae (Rumes in Belgium ?), 236,

^^^^Ê

5S3 f'» 595 f-. ^^03 r, 606 f., 691-693.

Revenue, 8, 13, n, 3, 15, 26, 48, 50, 69,

^^^^M

Rates (specific duties, semi-national),

72, 73. 80, 84, 85. loi, t27, 128, 129,

^^^H

3:, 0.4,36,37,41,47, 207-210.

134.

Ratbes (1/2416 of a summa or load, of

Rcw barbe, 702. See Reobarb.

garlic), 166.

Reynyshe vinura, Ô26, See Rhenish wine.

Ravensore (in Yorkshire), 236, 344. Se^

Reynz, 506,

Reavensere.

Rcysyng (raisin), ôsç^ Set Racemus,

Raufters, 672. See Rafters,

Rhenish glass, 560. Sec Renesh (vitrum).

Razors, 1 10. See Rasors, Rasours,

Rhenish wine, 624. See Renyche w>Tie,

Reavensere, 164, 167. See Ravensore.

Rcnysh wyne, Renysseh' wyne, Rey-

Reban (ribbon), 688. See Rebbon,

nyshe (vinum).

Riband.

Rhine, 109, 1 10, 647. See Rinus, Rync.

Rebbon, 704. Se€ Reban.

Ria (Rye), 222.

Receipts, 399.

Riband (ribbon), 572, See Reban.

Receptor (receiver, collector of customs).

Rice, 167, 346, 526. See Ris, Risa,

516. .Srir Collector.

Risus, Rys, Rysse, Rysus,

Recia (fish-net), 336. See Retbe.

Richard (Riccardi), 225, 226» 330, âji,

Recta costuma (legal or recognized

234, 239, 240.

custom), 164, 165.

Righolt, 374, 389, 436, 437. See Regald.

Recdtudo (custom), 75^, 155» See

Rigold. 214,

Custuma,

Riley, H. T., 38, n.

Rector navis (captain), Î13, ÎI4, n, t,

115, 516. Sec iplaçïster. ,

Red Book of the Exchequer, 28, n. 3, 36,

Rinbertini, 519.

■

Ringes, 571.

■

Rings, 687.

■

n. 2,46, n. It, 76, 258, n. 2.

Rinus (Rbinus), 381, 383, 384, 386, 390,

■

Reddj tus assise (fijied rent), 174.

See Rhine.

■

Rede lasbe (red leather, cordovan), 702.

Ris, 161, Sf^Ricc.

See Redelassh.

Risa (rice), 213, See Rice, Risu»,

Redelassh, 440, See Rede laahc.

Risus, 1 69- 1 7 1, 514. 5<!rRice.

Redwcrk, 295, 504. See Opus nibeum, :

Roan (Rouen in Normandy), 268, 269,

Pcllis rubca.

Se^ Roone, Rouen.

■

Reedes (reeds), 567, 574, 576,
Regald, 193. 5«Righolt.

Roba (dress), 290.

■

Rochelle, La (in western France), 647,

■

Rcgensburg (in Bavaria)» 18.

658.

■

Reisalgum (rcsalg^), 513,

Rochester. 225. n. 2. See Roucester.
Rocklif (Rocliff. Vorks), 633, 708, 709.

■

Rcisina, 385. Set Résina.

■* 1

756

INDEX

Rode (wine measure of 24 aumes), 706.

Roella (roll of cloth), 372. See Ruella.

Rogers, J. £. T., 109, n. 10, 122.

Rouunbes (roe lambs), 167.

Roll, counter, 96. See Contrarotula-
mentum.

Rolls, Charter, 5, 26, n. i, 32, n. i, 259,
n. 2.

Rolls, Charter, Calendar of, 19, n. 5,
258, n. 2.

Rolls, Close, 19, nn. 6 and 7, 36, n. 14,
37, n. 3, 47, n. i, 63, n. 5.

Rolls, Close, Calendar of, 19, n. 8, 37,
n. 2,46, n. 12,56, n., 70, n. 4,83, n. 13,
88, n. I, 89, n. 8, 112, n. i.

Rolls, Fine, 81, n. 2.

Rolls, Fine, Calendar of, 67, n. 4, 70,
n. 6, 71, n. 3, 79, n. 2, 88, n. i, 89, n. 7,
96, nn. I, 7 and 8, 98, n. 2, 105, n. 4,
224, n. I, 521, n. 2.

Rolls Gascons, 14, n. 2.

Rolls, Hundred, 24, 63, n. 5.

Rolls of Parliament, 5, 8, 10, 19, n. 7, 33,
n. 3, 40, n. 4, 43, n. 2, 61, n. 2, 70, n. 5,
73, nn. 2 and 3, 74, n. 3, 75, nn. 7 and
8, 80, n. I, 81, nn. 4, 7 and 8, 82, n. i,
83, nn. 2, 4 and 13, 84, nn. i and 5, 85,
n. 2, 87, n. I, 89, n. 3, 91, n. i, 112,
n. 5, 130, n. 4, 259, n. 2, 522, n. 2, 523,
n. 2, 602, nn. i, 2 and 3.

Rolls, Patent, 19, n.

Rolls, Patent, Calendar of, 14, n. 2, 16,
n. 5, 26, n. I, 30, nn., 33, n. 5, 36, nn. i
and 3, 37, n. 2, 53, nn. i and 4, 54, nn.,
55, nn.4 and 5, 56, n., 57, n.4, 60,
n. 6, 63, nn. 6 and 7, 77, n. i, 81, nn. 3
and 6, 84, n. 2, 96, n. 3, 99, n. 4, 414,
n. I, 452, n. 3, 520, n. 2.

Rolls, Pipe, 17, nn. 4 and 7, 29, 37, n. 6,
48, n. 4, 52, n. 2, 142, 143.

Romeneye, 272, 273, 7,7,7,, 345. See
Romney.

Romenoye, 348. See Romney.

Romenye, 426. See Romney.

Romney, 267, 581. See Romeneye.
Romenoye, Romenye.

Rond (container smaller than a barrel ?),
461, 46a.

Rondeletts (large measure, of soap), 490.

Ronney, butt de (butt of Greek wine),
197.

Roone (Rouen), 562. See Roan, Rouen.

Rope, 411. See Corda, Ropes cambe,
Ropcz, Ropus.

Ropes cambe, 499, 503.

Ropez, 505. See Rope.

Ropus, 503. See Rope.

Rosen, 627, 654, 669.

Rosin, 624, 647. See Résina, Rosen,
Rosina, Rossen, Rosyn.

Rosina, 375, 482. See Rosin, Résina.

RosingdaU (Rosendael in the Nether-
lands), 625, 627, 628, 630.

Roskin (a kind of fur), 290, 292, 295-
298, 300, 301. See Opus de niskyn
Ruskin, Ruskyn.

Rossen, 702. See Rosin.

Rostok (in northern Germany), 277,
292.

Rosyn, 213, 622, 635, n. i. See Rosin.

Roterdam (Rotterdam in the Nether-
lands), 448, 539, 627, 632.

Rotherdam, 551. See Roterdam.

Rothskjm, 389. iSee Routhskyn, Ruskin.

Rotomaga (Rouen in Normandy), 155.
See Rouen.

Rotomagum, 332. See Rotomaga.

Rotuli CharUrum. See Rolls (Charter).

Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, 41, n. 2,

49. n- 3.
Rotuli Litterarum Paten tium, 48, n. 5,

49, n. 2, 218, n. I.
Rotidi Parliamentorum. See Rolls of

Parliament.
Rotuli Selecti, 46, n. 11.
Rotulum, 265.
Rotulum Scaccarii, Magnum, 29, nn. i

and 7.
Rotulus (roll), 684.
Rotulus Cancellarii, 29, n. 10.
Rotulus compotorum (roll of accounts),

75, n. I, 607.
Roucester, 238. See Rochester.
Rouen, 13, 38, 40, 109. See Roan,

Roone, Rotomaga, Rotomagum.
Rouen cutlery, 560.
Round, J. H., II, 13, n. 7, 15, n. 5. 35,

n. 4, 38, nn. i and 2, 43, n. 4.
Routhskyn. 384. See Rothskyn, Ruskin.
Rubbers, 573.
Ruella, 412. See Roella.
Ruell[um] ad trabem, 187, 190.
Rules of transcription, 146-149.
Rumbus (rhombus, turbot), 160, 502,

506-508, 511.
Ruset, 550. See Russet.
Rusetum, 688. See Russet.
Ruskin (a kind of fur), 502. 5^^ Opus

de ruskyn, Roskin, Rothskyn, Routh-
skyn, Rusk>'n.
Ruskyn, 213, 503, 504, 506, 508. See

Ruskin.
Russe (Russian ?) skynes, 702.
Russet (red or coarse doth), 689. See

Coton russet, Ruset, Rusetum.
Russia, 109.

Rybarbe (rhubarb), 334. See Reobarb.
Rye (grain), 374, 526. See Siglum, Siligo.
Rye (one of Cinque Ports), 18, 426, 434,

See Ria.

INDEX

7S7

Hymer, T., 8, S3» d- 2, 54t n* 7. SSr 7ii

n. 5, 25g, n. 2, 263, nu. 3, 4, and 5,

364, n. I.
Ryne, 388. Set Rhine.
Rynges, powches (poucli- rings), 701.

Sc€ Ryngs.
R>'ngs (rings)» 665. Sec Rynges,
Rys. 268, 512, 316-318, 323, 348. See

Rice.
Rysse 702, See Rice.
Rysus, 364, 513. See Rice.

Sabclum (sable), 162. Sec Sable skynnes.

Sablles.
Sable skynnes» 195. Ser Sabelum,
Sablles, 703. Sir Saljelum.
Saccloth, 546. Set Sackcloth.
Saccus (sack or bag), 603, n, i, 604, n. i.

See Sackc.
Sack ( wi n e ) , 6 5 7 , 6 29 . See V i n u m , Wi n e .
Sackcloth, 527. See Saccloth.Sakke cîoth.
Sackc (bag), 575, 629, 632. See Saccus.
Safford(Seaford), 184. 5c<; Seaford,
Saffron, 346, 647, 703. See Crocus,

Sdïrane, Seffranna.
Saford (Scaford), 2^2. See Seaford.
Sailors, 113, 115. ,^25. 34^, 374- See

Marinarius, Marinellus, Manner.
St. Albans, 26, n. 3, 201.
St. Baby, 395, 396.
St. Dpys, 342.
St. Giles, 55.

St. Ives, fair of, xq, n., 28, n. 8.
St. Mathu (in Brittany?), 524.
St. Nicholas (in nortbera Russia), 109,
St. Omer (in northern France), 25, n. 2,

^2, n. 2, 34. 186, 236, 270, 344.
St. Quintyn (St. Quentin in northern

Fmnce), 407.
St J Wait rie (St, Valéry in northern

Fmnce), 228^ 239, 241, 244.
Sakke clothe, 572. See Sackcloth,
Sal (salt), 158, 165, 171, 175, Ï77, 178, 189

•191, )95, 197, 214. 218, 221, 275-287,

3I3t 326, 340, 34Î» 377r 378. 382*3^4,

498* 499* 523* 57S^577t 625, 627-632,

656, 664, 667, 669, 670, See Salt.
Salers (salières, saltcellars ?). 459, 478,

480.
Saletts (sallets), 571.
Sal grossus (coarse salt), 363, 365, 367.
SalisbuQ', 35, n, 4.
Sal minutus (fine salt), 392.
Salmo (salmon), 160, 216, 221. 501, 505,

611, 615, 618, 620. 621, 623, 6S0, 683.
Salmon, 107. See Salmo, Samo,

Samond-
Salt, 107, 135. 164, Î74, 1Q2, 197, 273»

360, 453, 522, 614, 624, 647, 682. See

Sal, Sawllte.

Salt fish, 608, 610, 615, 618-620, 623,

Saltfysh, 680.

Saltpetra (saltpetre), 512-5x4. 5e«

SawËtc peter.
Salts, 565.

Salzmann, L. F., 104.
Snmany ( scant mony), 703.
Sametlum (samite, rich silk doth),

215-

Sanio, 569, 6 1 2. See Salmon.

Samond, 702. 5« Salmon.

Sanctum Bototphum (Boston), 2or, 202,

2 22, 274, 288. 2^, 315, 407, 408, 426,

434» 516. See Boston.
Sandallium (sandal ?), 331.
Sandallum (cendal), 271, 272. See

Cindalum.
Sanders, 703. See Cinders.
Sandewîcum, 603. See Sandwich.
Sandgale, 182,
Sandwich, 19, 26, n. 3, 39, 31, 36, 37, 46,

98, 105, 106, 109, 113, lï6, 119, 121,

159, 167 f., 177 f., «85 f., 104 f- i<)8f„

200, 202!., 206 f., 211, 212, 267 f.,

303 f., 399, 427. See Sandewîcum,

Sandwicz, Sandwiz, Sandwj'z,
Sandwicz, 418, 428. See Sandw^ich.
Sandwiz, 222. See Sandwich.
Sandw>'2, 400-402. See Sandwich.
Sapo (soap), 499» 503» 5^6, 508, 510.
Sappum (fir), 381, 387, 391.
Sarge (serge), 646.
Saiigia (serge), 214, 271, 272, 334, 454»

461, 463-465» 469, 474, 477» 478, 480.

485-490, 494, 497.
Sarpellcr (equivalent to a sack), 226 I,

Set Sarplare.
Sarpiare (equivalent to two sacks), 603,

n.i, 604, n. 1. Str Sari^rller, Scar-

pcllarium.
Sarr (port near Sandwich), 267.
Sarra (saw), 499, 500, 510.
Sarsenet, 128, 560, 571, 575-577-
Sarsenett, 704.
Satin, 560.
Sally'n, 703.
Satyn, 511-513*
Satync, 57^, 577-579*
Saucepans, 117, 453-
Sausers (saucers), 464, 485,
Sawllte, 703. See Salt.
Sawllte peler, 703. See Saltpetra.
Saxbv, H., 8.

Says (doth), 128, 196. 527. 547-
ScaJdyd, 462,
Scandinavians, 374.
Scaperones (chaperons, hoods), 478.
Scarborough, 172 f., 224. See Scarde-

burc, Schaxdeburg.
Scardeburc, 222. See. Scarborough,

758

INDEX

Scarleta (scarlet cloth), 214, 263, 266,
268, 310, 393, 394, 396, 456, 457, 463,
465, 475, 478, 487, 488, 490, 494, 496,
498. See Scarletta, Scarletus, Skarlet.

Scarletta, 274 f., 281, 284 f., 289-291,
297, 302. See Scarleta.

Scarletus, 310. See Scarleta.

ScarpeUarium, 5x6 f. See Sarplare.

Scavage (semi-national custom on im-
ports), 28, 33-35, 36, n. IS, 37, 48, 65,
67, 68, 87, 90, 95, 108, 131, 153, 154,
200, 212 f.

Schanz, George, 10, 24, n. 6, 33, nn. i and
3, 35, n. I, 98, n. I, 104, 112, n. 2, 123,
136, 140, 143, 690.

Schardeburg, 237. See Scarborough.

Scheris, cappers (capper's shears), 683.

Scherling (snearling), 166.

Schippund (ship-pound, Baltic unit of
300 to 400 pounds), 209, 210.

Schomakers bordus (board), 671, 679.

Sclata (skate, fish ?), 175.

Scok (wooden tray ?), 616, 617, 667, 671,
678. See Scokkes, Trenchers, Trowes.

Scok basts, 617.

Scokkes, 616. See Scok.

Scomorz (scummers), 477.

Scopes (scoops), 388.

Scorham (Shoreham), 222.

Scosia (Scotia), 468. See Scotland.

Scotch, 520.

Scotland, 69, 84, 88, n. i, 120, 165, 207,
210.

Scotus, 406, 521.

Scrutator (searcher), 687-689. See
Searcher.

Scrutinium (search), 687.

Scurrellus (squirrel), 187, 209.

Scutella (scuttle, basket, or salver), 390.

Scythes, 606.

Seaford, 105, n. 7. See Safford, Saford,
Sefford.

Seaports, 21, 22, 27, 28, n. 7, 33, 48, 50,
104, 119, 122, 136.

Searcher, 97-99, 141, 687. See Scru-
tator.

Seatc (a kind of rope), 160

Sedcs navis (seat of a ship, payment for
anchoring or docking), 153, 164, 177 f.,
182, 185 f.

Seduale (situai, zeduare, worm-seed),
514. ^^jf Sctewal.

Seebohm, F., 40, n. 4, 46, n. 5.

Seed for worms, 453.

Seed, onion, 453.

Seel (seal), 223.

SefFord, 426. See Seaford.

Sefifranc, 269, 270. See Saffron.

Sefifranna, 271. See Saffron.

Segimen (tallow), 183. See Sepum, Tallow.

Seizure of goods, 98.

Selandia (Zealand), 504.

Seldagium (stallage, payment for a stall

or ^op), 28, n. 8.
Selebi (Selby), 222.
Sell (saddle), 463, 510. See Sella.
Sella (saddle), 294, 468. See Sell.
Semen (seed), 514. See Seed.
Semen ceparum (onion-seed), 507, 509.
Semen pro vermibus (seed for worms),

495.
Semen senapil (mustard-seed), 498, 503,

507-509. See Mustardquemes, Sena-

pium.
Semia (monkey), 514. See Simea.
Senapium (cenapium, mustard), 498,

503, 507-509.
Sendalum (cendal), 514. See Cindalum.
Sendillum (cendal), 215. See Cindalum.
Sendres, 175. See Cinders.
Sene (senna), 703.
Sepa (onion), 555. See Cepa.
Sepum (tallow), 166, 270, 312, 315, 319,

327, 337, 339» 493, 534, 548, 549, 551.

See Cepum, Pinguis, Tallow.
Sera (bolt), 162.
Sericum (silk), 263, 269, 270-272, 325,

331, 503, 5", 512, 514, 688. See

Cericus, Seta.
Sericum mes* (messum, cut ?), 512-514.
Sericus, 161. See Sericum.
Seriksee (Zierikzee in Zealand), 649.
Serra, 272. See Sarr.
Servants, 99, n. 3.

Serviens (servant), 177. See Valettus.
Servisia (cervisia), 551.
Seson (season, seasonable), 461, 464,

466, 470, 475» 477, 478. 482, 504, 581-

583, 589,.59i-
Sesoned, skins, 696.
Sestome (measure of 4 gallons of oil or

wine), 70s, 706. See Measures.
Seta (silk ?), 263. See Sericum.
Setewal (wormseed), 325. See Seduale.
Setewall, 213. See Seduale.
Seville, 108, 125. See Cyuile, Syviell.
Sewyche clothe, 699.
Shaf telles (shaft-eels), 507, 508, 510.

See Chaff te ellys.
Shankes, 703.
Sheffe (sheaf, bundle of 30 gads of steel),

703-
Sheres (shears), 703. See Shermans

sheres, Sherys.
Sheriffs, 20, 30, 35, 137.
Sherman flokkes, 594. See Flock.
Shermanshers, 509, 510. See Shears.
Shermans sheres, 703. See Shears.
Sherys, 569, 580. See Shears.
Shet-e (sheet), 569, 573, 575.

^Hj^p ^^M

■ Shettcs, packyng, 701. 5«« Shet.

Smu^Uns. Ç7. ^^|
Snctisnam (Snettisham), 708. ^^^H

Shetyiles» 6i t . Se^ ShulUcs,

Ship, 274,399,454, 635.

Snigmats ( ? eel-basketâ ?) , 65 1 , 656, 658, ^^H

Shipment, 302, 607, 6^4.

632. ^^H

Shirt. 560, s6ç, 573.

SnofTcrs (snufTers), 565. ^^^H

Shoes, 118, 647. See Calciamentum,

Soap, no, 193, 196, 197, 453. 560, 624. ^^^1

■ Clogges, Patyns, Sotulares.

f>35f <^47- See Sapo, Soopc, Sope, ^^^H

B Shoes, men's, 624.

Soppe. ^^H

1 Shomalcr, dgs-

Societas (partnership), 113, 165, 175, ^^^1
264. See Partnership, Socius. ^^^H

Shomakyr, 703.

Shoreham. 105, n. 7, 173.

Societas de Lombardis, 519. ^^^1

Shorham, 426. See Shoreham.

Socius, 113, 16S, 169, 171, 175, 204, 265. ^^^1

Showys, 655.

267, 272, 273, 303, 304, 306. 31 1, 315, ^^H

Shuttles (?), 606,

319-322, 327, 32S, 331, 336, 338-34Î, ^^M

Sidemoutha (Sidmouth). 398. See Sidc-

343. 343, 353. 39^, 49». 4Q9. 502, 510. ^^M

■ mude, Sydemuth, Sydinwe.

B Sidemudc, 186, 190. See Sidemoutha.

5^4* 555* 55 7t 55^- See Partnership. ^^^1

Sockede (succade), 703. ^^^H

Sigillum (seal), 407, 408, sçôHicso, 604,

Soldata (shilling's worth). 311 f. ^^^^|

607, 687, 688.

Solidata, j^q. See Soldata. ^^^|

Siglum (rye), 537. See Rye.

Siligo (rye), 374, 37S> 382-386, 588-300,

SommersetJiire, 117, no. ^^^H

Sonde Hand (Sunderland), 342. ^^^|

39a, 47 f, 609, 610, 613, 614, 651, 667»

Scope, 625-627, 631, 632. See Soap. ^^H

70S, 709. 5« Rye.

Sope, 554, 567, 702. See Soap. ^^H

Silk, 1 28, 5()o, 635, See Sencuva.

Soppe, 650, 651, 658, 672. See Soap. I^^H

Silk, crude, 453,

Sorneccu[m] (ship). 219, ^^^1

SUver, 18, Q7, 98. See Argentum.

Sotufares (shoes). 352. See Shoes. ^^^H
Sotulars pro homintbusp 56o. See Shoes. ^^^|

Simac (sumac?), 162.

Simea (monkey), tôa, 312, 315, 318,

Sound, 538, ^^^H

SefT Monkeys, Semia.

Sousa, Franciscus dc, 562, 564, 566, 567. ^^^H

Simon» A, L., 41, n. 5, 42, mi, 2 and 8,51.

Southampton, 25, n.4, 37, 28, n. 6, SS^ ^^^|

Sinamon, 580. See Cinnamon,

Q*3* 36» 4^»^^ 97tQ9t n.4, 106. in, ^^H

Sinclair, Sir John, S, 13, n. 3, 62.

112, lis, "6, 174 f., 360, 399, 409 f., ^^H

Sindonc (ccndalum, fine silk or linen).

411 f., 634. See Sudhantonia, Suth- ^^^H

162. Sfe Cindalum. Sendilium.

amptonia. ^^^|

Sipers (Cyprus) sat>Tie, 572. See Ciprts.

Southwerk, 689. ^^H

Siroteca, 486. See Ciroteca.

Spain, 171, 360. See Hispannia. ^^^|

Sithes (scythes ?), 61 7. See Sythes,

Spanish hides, 560. ^^^^

Sitrenade (citronadc ?), 514.

Spanish wool, 108, 117. ^^^^|

Skarlet, s^3, S86, 588. 589, 592. See

SpaiTCs, 4 ?p. See Spars. ^^^|

Scarleta.

Sparrys, 444- ^^H

Ska wage, 33. See Scavagc.

Span, 436. ^^H

Skedam (Skiedam in the Netherlands),

Spars, ûr, 646. ^^^1

SSI.

Sparvs, 649, 672. 5^ Spars. ^^^H

Skenes (skeins ?), 688.

Spaynardis (Spaniard s) , 69 1 , 69 3 . ^^^|

Sketcvat[is), 499, 501.

Spayne, 692, 693. See Spain. ^^H

Skiff (scapha), 115.

Spears, 374. , ^ ^H

Skins, 167. 174, 374, 436. 453, 536, 694.

Specena (spices). 327, 3^^» 33^* See ^^^M

See Corcum. Hides, Opus.

Species, Spices, Spycery. ^^^1

Skirbeck (Boston), 120, 207.

Species (spices), 260. 271, 27a, 315, 325, ^^^1

Skull es, 570.

327. 5f^ Speceria, Spices. ^^^1

Skynnes, 693.

Specific duties. See Rates (specific ^^^H

Skyvc (bunch ?). 563,

duties). ^^^1

Slabbes, jSs, 386, 388, 391.

Spcckc Ukylles. 703- See Spectacles. ^^H

Slahbys, 437-439.

Spectacles, no, 560. See Spcckc ^^^H

Slabs, 374, 436. See Slabbed, Slabbys.

takylles, SpectakiUcs. ^^H

SbT^pe, 703.

Spectakilles, 562, 563, 570, 575» 580. See ^^^M

Smeremangestre (butter dealer), 154,

Spectacles. ^^^H

155'

Speculum (mirror), 44a. ^^^H

Smith, Adam, 133.

Speed, J., 91, n. 5. ^^^H

Sroolt, 501, 505, 506.

Spelman, H., 28, n. 4» 33» û. 2. ^^^M

760

INDEX

Spendabilis paupirus (wrapping paper ?),

606, 609.
Spete ferri (a weight or measure of iron),

477.
Spice cake, 455, 500.
Spices, 85, 120, 137, 453, 560. See

Speceria, Species.
Spinace (spinacia), 115.
Spire, 387, 391.
Spleten, coper, 696.
Spletes, 567.
Splynts, 570.

Spongia (sponge), 511, 513, 514.
Sporres (spurs), 703.
Sprotts (sprats), 193, 466.
Sprusse skynnes, 703. See Pruce.
Spycery, 123, 694, n. i. See Speceria.
Spynyard (spikenard ?), 703.
Squirelius (squirrel), 162, 166.
Stades, Salomon de, 308, 337, 340, 341.
Stage (unseasonable), 460-462, 464-466,
' 470, 475, 477, 478, 482, 486, 504, 581

-583, 589, 696, 697. See Seson.
Stagnaria (tin mine), 220. See Stan-
naries.
Stagnum, 160, 220, 348, 359, 366, 581,

583, 586-588, 591. See Stannum.
Stallagium (stallage), 28, n. 7.
Stalys (steels ?), 649.
Stamyn (coarse cloth ?), 214.
Stanford (Stamford), 178.
Stangnum, 366. See Stannum.
Stannaries, 218. See Stagnaria.
Stannum (tin), 213, 463, 465, 472, 480,

485» 505» ^^S' See Stagnum, Stang-
num.
Stannum schoten (tin in shots or grains),

458, 465, 467, 471, 473, 474, 477, 481-

483, 49-2-495-
Stannum vetus (old tin), 464.
Staple, 7, 94, 112, 127, 144, n. 2, 595.
Staple, merchants of, 602, 692.
Staples, 173, 178, 188.
Stapule Societas (Company of the

staple), 603, 605. See Stapulum

Calesie.
Stapulum Calesie (Staple of Calais), 600,

n. 2, 601, n. I. See Stapule Societas.
Starch, 117, 118, 560, 584, 588-591, 593.
State, loi, 106.
State Papers, Domestic, 24, n. 6, 127,

nn. 2 and 3.
Statcra (steelyard), 262.
State Trials, 4, 14, n. 6, 57, n. 5, 59, n. 3,

64, nn. 2 and 4, 70, n. i, 71, nn. 4 and

9, 92, n. 6.
Statutes, 10, 34, n. 11, 78, 91.
Statutes at Large, 63, n. 3.
Statutes of the Realm, 18, n. 3, 19, n.,

24, n. 6, zz, n. 7, 34, n. 5, 46, n. 15,

61, n. 7, 63, n.4, 69, n.4, 71, nn. 2
and II, 70, nn. 5 and 7, 80, n. 2, 84,
nn. 10 and 11, 89, nn. 5 and 6, 91, n. 3,
93, n. 2, 97, nn. 2 and 4, 98, nn. 5 and
7, 99, nn. 3 and 5.

Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, 42, n. 6, 45, n.4,
46, n. 10.

Statutes, Select, and other Constitu-
tional Documents, 91, n. 2.

Stedy, 440.

Steel, 119, 193, 374, 57J.

Stelle (steel), 703.

Stermannus (steersman, captain), 219.
See Magister, Rector navis.

Stevenson, W. H., 25, n. 3.

Stipendium, ^99, 408.

Stithies (anvils), 288, 296.

Stocfihs, 289. See Stockfish.

Stocke fyche, 702, 703. See Stockfish.

Stockfich, 379, 380, 383, 384, 387, 392.
See Stockfish.

Stockfish, 647. See Cropling, Titl3mges.

Stockfissh, 216. See Stockfish.

Stockton, 43, n. 3, 710.

Stokfissh, 611,614, 618. 5f6 Stockfish.

Stola (stole), 180, 503.

Stoles, 478, 568. See Stola, StoUa.

Stolla (stole), 185.

Stones, 436, 624.

Stones, ^Uast, 29.

Stones, precious, 18.

Stones, round, 569.

Stones, sharp, 113, 114, n. i.

Stope (basin for holy water), 474.

Storage, expenses for, 200.

Strabo, 27.

Stralling (fur ?), 300. See Strenling.

Stramen (straw), 157.

Strassenzwang, 155.

Stre (of wax, 800 lbs.), 622.

Strenling (squirrel fur), 382, 383. See
Stralling.

Stretts (cloths of a certain size), 670.

String, 570.

Stubbs, W., 8, 9, 14, 15, nn. 2 and 5, 16,
n. 6, 17, n. I, 19, n., 25, nn. 2 and 3,
32, n. I, 36, 43, n. 4, 51, 52, n. 4, 57,
n. 3, 62, 64, 70, n. 3, 71, 78, 79, nn. 4
and 6, 83, n. 12, 97, n. i, 136, 140, 223,
n. 2, 259, n. 2.

Stube, elys (stub-eels), 697.

Stubilelles (stub-eels), 507, 508, 510.

Studmaundes (wicker baskets), 682.

Sturgen, 703. See Sturgeon.

Sturgeon, 443, 614, 647, 673-675.

Sturgo, 376, 378, 389, 390, 392. See
Sturgeon.

Sturgio, 216. See Sturgeon.

Sturionn, 298. See Sturgeon.

INDEX

761

libsidium, 78, 79, 250, 251, 520, 11,5,
I 5^»» 5*3, 527, 554 f-, 561 f„ 607, 624.
1 638, 640, 643, 643, 645, 646, 684. Set

Subsidy, Subsidy of tun nage and

Poundage, Subsidy on wool.
Subsidium lanarum^ 87*
Subsidlum pannorum vcnalium, 78.
Subsidiun» lonagîî et pondagii, 87. See

Poundage, Subsidy of tunnage and

poundage, Tunnage.
Subsidy, 9, $%j 65, 66, 7a, n. 6, 77-88,

143, n. 6, 2 so, 515-594* ^46. See

Subsidium.
Subsidy of 1294, 60, 64, 66, 90.
Subsidy of 1322, 90-
Subsidy of 1332, 90.
Subsidy of tunnage and poundage, 66,

80-82, 86, 87, Qo, 113, 131, 133, 134,

606. See Poundage. Tunnage.
Subsidy on wool, 64, 78, 80.
Subsidy on woof, woolfelts and hides, 60,

64, 66, 84-86, go, 112, 132, 133, 515 f.,

532 f», 595 f. See Subsidy, Subsidium.
Sucre, 213, 348. See Sugar.
Sucura, 161. 5« Sugar.
Sudhantonia, 222. See Southampton.
Suiîolk, 2Q, n. 12.
Sugar, J 19, 346, 453, See Sucre, Sucura,

Suger, Sugrc, Sukara, Xukcr, Zucara,

Zucra.
Suger, 563, 564, 6S9, 665, 703. See Sugar.
Sugrc, 4<>6t 51 1-513- 5«?^ Sugar.
Sukam, 321,324, 325, 343, 5« Sugar.
Sulphur, 161, 213, 387, 495,
Sulphure. 276, 281.
Summa (load), 166.
Summarium (pack-horse load), 160.
Superonus (supercargo), 605.
SurvTy, 3, 4.
Surv'ey of customs, 690.
Surveyor, 98, 99, 141, 694.
Suthamptonia, 361 f., 366, 367, 369, 408,

409 f., 41 if» 418, 4^8, 635, See

Southampton.
Swansea^ 46*
Swart £rtmcr (of Kôln), 114, 452, 464^

466, 471, 474» 476, 480-4^3» 486, 492,

497» 502, 507, 509-
Swords, 2S8, 302, See Gtadium.
Sydemuth, 351. 5«? Sidcmoutha.
Sydmwc, 404. See Sidemoutha,
Sylke, 704. See Silk.
Synanon^ 703. See Cinnamon.
Syndalle (cendal), 703.
Sypres for women, 704.
Sypres (Cyprus), saltyn of, 703.
System, domestic. 1 18.
S>^tem, household, 118.
System, local, 2t, 22, 44-48, 53, 69, loi,

106, 129, 131, 138.

System, national, 21-23, 44, 4*, 49» 53»

69, I or, I03. 132, 133, 138,
System of cooperation, loi.
Sytbes, 704. Set Sithes.
Syviell grayne (Seville grain or dyt)i 698.

Tabemarius (tavemcr), 201.

Tables, 647. See Tabula, Tabyll.

Tables, playing, 110.

Tablet, 689.

Tablez, 437. See Tables.

Tabula (table), 437, 477, 562. 5<'f Tables.

Tabula plicans (folding table), 549.

Tabula, wTiting, 580.

Tabyll, playing, 673, 677.

Taffata, su^

TaiUors sbcres, 574.

Takers, 19, n.

Talgh (tallow), 193. See Tallow,

Tallage, 24, n. t.

Tallies, 49, 217.

TalJow, 526, 648, 681, 704. See Ccpum,

Pinguis, Segimcn, Scpum, Talgh.
Talwode (tall- wood, for fuel), 215.
Tamisia (Thames), 161, 162, 687.
Tankards, 647.

Tankcrdes, 678. See Tankards.
Tanne, John, 114, 647, 650, 652, 655,

657, 661, 663, 668, 669, 675-677, 679,

680.
Tannum (oak -bark), 188.
Tapestre, 704. See Tapestry.
Tapestry, 560. See Tapcstre, Tapicery,

Tapiscry, Tapser.
Tapetum (carpet), 270-372. 322, 331,

337i340, 361.
Tapicery, 572, 575» See Tapestry,
Tapbery, 506. Ser Tapestry.
Tapser (tapiscria ?), 459, 463, See

Tapestry.
Tar, 174, 193, 196, 288, 436, 560, 606,

624, 647. Sec Tarre, Teer.
Tariff protection, 134.
Tarre, 501, 502, 505, 507, 583, 588, 608,

610-^ia, 614, 616, 617, 633, 704* Set

Tar.
Tarscnsis (of Tars, Tharsia, or Tarsus ?),

263, 266.
TartarjTiz (cloth, tartan?), 513, 514.

See Terteync,
Tartyrus (tartar), 704.
Tasellus (tassel), 683. Set Tasels,

Taisilles.
Tasels, 157.
Tasill, 193,
Tassell, 704^
Tas tor (taster), 489.
Taunton, 430.
Tavelynges (small tables or packages of

skins) , 704. Su TaviUons, Tawlynges.

762

INDEX

Tavillons (small package of skins), 577.

See Tavelynges.
Tavistock, 126.
Tawljmges (small package of skins), 703.

See Taveljmges.
Tawyd (tawed) skins, 698.
Taylor, H., 76, n. 5.
Tazilles, 563, 569. See Tasellus.
Teer (tar), 296, 298. See Tar.
Tegula (tile), 270, 316-318, 322, 324,

325» 336. 5ec Tiles.
Teignmouth, 116. See Tengemu, Ten-

gemude, Tengemue, Tengmouth,

Tengmuth, Tengemutha, Teynghe-

mutna.
Tek[e], 501. See Tekes.
Tekes (ticks), 697.

Tela (cloth or web), 215. See Telum.
Tela (tile ?), 160.
Tela linea (linen cloth), 411, 412. See

Telum lini.
Tela lini (linen cloth), 499, 500, 502, 504,

508-510. See Telum lini.
Tela tine ta (colored cloth), 271.
Teldum (tents), 466, 478.
Telum (cloth), 160, 563, 572, 573, 577,

579. 5« Tela.
Telum auri (cloth of gold), 572.
Telum lini (linen cloth), 563, 570, 572,

573, 580. See Tela linea, Tela lini.
Telum linii (linen cloth), 61 §, See Tela

lini.
Tengemu, 405. See Teignmouth.
Tengemude, 179, 180, 188, 190, 191. See

Teignmouth.
Tengemue, 402. See Teignmouth.
Tengemutha, 81, n. 5. See Teignmouth.
Tengmouth, 394. See Teignmouth.
Tengmuth, 359. See Teignmouth.
Teoloneum (toll), 153, 154, 155-158, i75-

See Toll, Tolnetum.
Terminology, 74, 76, 89.
Terrage (payment for use of ground —

for a stall), 22. See Terragium.
Terragium, 28, n. 8. See Terrage.
Tertel (turtle), 298.

Testor (tester), 121, 473. See Testour.
Testeur, 215. 5<?e Testor.
Teuch', 509.
Teutons, loi.
Teynghemutha, 252-254, 395, 397. See

Teignmouth.
Teynt, vinum (tainted ? wine), 611.
Tholosania (Toulouse in southern

France), 259. See Tolosa.
Tholows woode (Toulouse woad), 705.

See Woad.
Thompson, P., 51.
Thomburi, 434.
Thornbury, 426.

Thomham, 649, 654, 709.

Thorough toll, 24, n. i. See Passagium,
Tfaourthtoll, Toll, Tiansversum.

Thorpe, B., 28, n. 6, 33, n. 2.

Thourthtoll, 155.

Thread, 109, 128, 167, 196, 360, 411, 436,
560, 647.

Thred (thread), 704. See Thredon.

Threde, sylver (alver thread), 683.

Thredon, 704. See Thred.

Thrommes, 583, 587, 589, 591. See
Thrums.

Thrommez, 458, 464, 470, 47^474, 47^,
478, 483, 487, 488, 493-496, 531, 542,
552. See Thrums.

Thrums, 526. See Thrommes, Throm-
mez.

Thus (incense), 161.

Tiles, 108. See Tegula.

Timber, 553, 606, 624, 646. See Bow-
staves, Deals, Meremium, Tunholt,
Wood.

Tin, 61, 87, n. 2, 107, 117, 120, 132, 218,
346, 453» 560. See Stannum, Tjme,
Tynne.

Tingnum (spear), 374, 381, 385, 386, 388,

391-
Tirteyne, pannus (tartan), 268. See

Tartanmz, Tyretcyne.
Tisseny (kind of cloth), 688.
Tithe, 52, S3, 56,80.
Titljmges (a kind of stock£âh), 611, 618.

See Cropling, Stockfish, T^phtlyng.
Toga (cloak), 457, 460, 658.
Toll, 33, 46, n. 2, 51, 70, 132, 194, 259.

See Teoloneum, Tolnetum.
ToUe, 24.

Toll, commuted, 44.
Toll, fair, 33.
Toll, gate, 28, n. 8.
Toll, local, 16, 47, 153 f.
Tolnetum (toll), 23. See Teoloneum.
Tolosa (Toulouse), 567. See Tholo-
sania.
Tonel (tun), 37, n. 7.
Tonge (mast), 37, n. 7.
Tonnage (tunnage), 692.
Tonnagium, 607, 624, 684. See Sub-

sidium tonagii et pondagii, Sub^dy

of tunnage and poundage.
Tonnagium et pmndagium, 646.
Topsham, 522, 523, 525.
Torbyte (turbot ?), 512. See Turba.
Torche waxe, 704.
Torche wekes, 502.
Torksey, 106, 130, 155 f.
Tomay (Tournai in northern France),

270, 271, 327, 328, 330, 331. Set

Tomey, Tumey.
Tomey, 373. See Tomay.

^^^Bi^^^^^^*^ 763 ^^M

H Tout, T. F., 15, n, 5, 76, n. 5,

Tmssellum ad equum ( saddle -bag ?), ^^^H

■ Towage, 22.

^^H

B Towayll, 506. SeeTowt\L

Tnissel[l]um pannt (bundle of cloth), ^^^1

To we (mpç), rg6.

^^M

Towell, 683. Sfe Towayll.

Tmssum (bundle, of cloth), 572, 57g, ^^^1

H Towellc, 572,

Tryakyll, 704. 5fff Treacle. ^^H

■ Towns, 18-25, ^S» 26, 32, 35, 46, 4q, 55,

Tuales (tools, instruments ?), 688. ^^^|

■^ 67, 6g, 81, 88, 95, 100, loi, 106, iig

Tuldn (n kind of cloth), (6g. ^^H

-131, 130-132, Î37-139. JS3*

Tunholtc (barrel-staves), 436, 437, 550, ^^^1

Trade. 15, 18, 22. 48, 53, 54. 65, 78, 82,

555. See Bowstaves, Meremium, ^^^1

94, 102, 112, 113, 115, iiç'i2i, 129-

Timben ^^^H

137. 153'

Tunnage, 35, n. 4, 45, n.3, 66, 78, 80. ^^^|

Trade, coast, 47, 49. 107, no, 135, 14J-

81, 83-85, 87, 5»5. 5^^. 526. 553 f- ^^H

Î45, ÎS9, 707-709.

606, 634. See Subsidy of tunnage and ^^^H

Trade, foreign, 17, 1 8, 20, 21, 25, 32, 45.

poundage, Tonnagium. ^^^H

49» S3. 57. 5S, 63, 60, n. I, 81,101, 107,

Tunne (240 gallons), 70t!$. ^^^|

108, III, itQ-121, 127, 131, 132, 140-

Tunneholt (barrel-staves), 374, 3S6. ^^^1

i43i i53i ISO-

See Tunhok. ^^^H

Trade, interurban, 120» 121, 138,

Turba (turbot), 269^ 311 f., 317-326, ^^^H

Trade, local, 19-31. 25, 45» 70i ïo8i »53-

330-333.335^340. ^i-fTorbytc, ^^H
Turmus (tumus, wheel) molarum, 160, ^^^H

Traders, 56, 114, 145.

Traill, H, D., 15.

Sec Moh. ^^^H

Trams (woof, silk woof), 704.

Tu rney (Tournai), 332. 5«r« Tomay. ^^^|

Traiic (fish-oil or whale-oil), 572, 606,

Tumus (w^becl) manumolarum. 214. ^^H

6i6, 617, 664, 666, 704,

Tu r\'es ( tu rf s J , 157, ^^^H

Traiîsversum (passage through), 167,

Tuscia (Tuscany), 259. ^^^|

168.

Twkc (canvas), 704. See Teuch. ^^H

Trassh cardes (mferior cards?), 563,

Tyghtlyng (stockfish), 316. See ^^^Ê

570^

Titlvnges. ^^^H

Treacle, 675.

Tykes (bed ticks), 575, 669. ^^M

Trebcdes (wooden beads). 575, Se^

Tymber (bundle of 40 furs), 313. See ^^^1

Trecn bedes.

Tymbrium. ^^^H

Treen bcdes, 660, 780. See Trebedes.

Tymbrium, 209, 210. See Tymber. ^^^|

Treies (a measure of coals and coni).

Tync. 692. 5«;ffTin. ^^H

378. See Treis.

Tyoe glassc, 704, ^^^H

Trcis, 177. 385^ See Trcics.

Tynemuth (T>'Tïemouth), 401. ^^^H

Trenchers, 573, 606, 650,

Tyngobletso74, 5?*- Tin, ^^^H

Trenchcr>'s, 671. 5ff Trenchers,

Tynne, 704. See Tin. ^^^H

Trcnchon:, 501. See Trenchers.

Tyreteync. 330, 332. 5*-^ Tirtcyne, ^^^^

Trenchours, 616, 617, 66^. See

TyrpytjTie (turpentine), 704. ^^^H

Trenciicrs.

Tyrteyner, Willclmus le, 344. ^^^H

Trendell (trundle, tub, 50 to 100 lbs. of

^^^^M

wax), d/j, 674, 67S.

Ulna (ell). 365. ^^H

Trent, gS. 106, 155, 158.

Umbcrow mather, 700. See Madder. ^^^H

Trent, William de, 2u, 2x2,

Uncia (ounce), 513, 688, ^^^1

Tl^ycs (trays), 554. See Treys.

Unctum (oil), 155, 160, 182, 187, 30Q, ^^^1

Treys (trays), 666, 679.

3^3t 31'^. 317, 319» 329. Set Oil, ^^H

Triade. 665, 5« Treacle.

Oleum, Trane, ^^^H

Triacle boxes, 507. Sef Treacle.

Unwin, G.. iiS, ^^^H

Triakle, 576. Sec Treacle.

Upste^e (a kind of rope), rj0. ^^^H

Tronage (pa>Tiient for weighing? by the

Utensilia (utensils). 159. ^^^H

Iron), 22, 30, 35. 00. n. 4, ^250.

Uter, 4S4, See liter de corio. ^^^H

Troners (weighers using the tron), gg.

Uter dc coHo (bag or bottle of hide or ^^^1

Tronum (tron, licam for weighing), 266.

leather), 456. 463» 474* 4^5« 5^ Uter. ^^^1

Trtîssellum ad quadrigam (beam for a

Utyche clothe, 6<>9, ^^^H

waggon), 183.

^^^^M

Trowes (wooden trays ?), 438, 616^ 617.

Vacca (cow), 15^, 167, 215, ^^^|

Vaddum (woad), 157. 5fr Woad. ^^H

5^<f Scok,Trowys.

Trowys, 501, jjd. See Trowes.

Vakncia ( m Spain) , s 7 1 < ^^^|

Troys (Troyes in northern France), 329.

Valens (Valence, in France), 489. ^^H

764

INDEX

Valettus (servant), 335, 399, 403. See

Serviens.
Valor, 263, 266, 346, 684. See Appre-

datus, Éstimatus, Rates (appraisal),

Valuation.
Valuation, 94, 128, n. 6, 393, 411, 452.

See Ad valorem, Appreciatus, Esti-

matus. Rates, Rates (book of).
Vambras (vambrace), 504, 505.
Var et gris (a kind of fur), 107, 135.
Varium et grisium (a kind of fur), 218.
Vasa electri (pewter vessel), 560, 582-

589, 591» 593, 594- See Pewter.
Vasa stannea (pewter vessel), 456-468,

471-485, 487-489, 491-497- See

Pewter. .
Vasconia (Gascony), 348, 349, 351-354,

650, 652-^55, 658, 660, 661, 664, 668,

669. See Gascony.
Vas cupreum et ereum (copper and brass

vessel), 331.
Vas vitri (glass vessel), 331.
Vectigalia magna (great custom), 27.
Velamen (garment), 215, 271.
Velum (sail-cloth), 160, 382, 411, 412,

501, 505.
Velutat[o] (velvety), 511, 512.
Velutum (velvet), 372. See Velvet.
Velvet, 560, 569, 572, 574-579- See

Pannus veluti, Velvette.
Velvette. S"-5i3, 705. See Velvet.
Venalis (for sale), 213 f.
Venesia, 513, 514. See Venice.
Venetian, a, 687.
Venice, 114.
Venice, gold of, 698.
Venicia, 687, 688. Sec Venice.
Venter (belly), 688.
Venter bovinus (ox belly), 461, 475,

486.
Verdegres (verdigris), 513. See Ver-

gresse, Vertegres.
Verderes, tapestry or, 704.
Verdeur, cours (ornamented tapestry ?),

560, 572.
Verdram, 513.

Vergresse, 705. See Verdegres.
Vermilion, 213.

Vermilun ,161. Sec Vermilion .
Vermylyon, 705. See Vermilion.
Vertegres, 213. 5e(; Verdegres.
Vesconte (sheriff), 224.
Vessa (vetch), 366. See Fecches.
Vesse (cloth), 630. See Vessys.
Vessys (cloth), 630. See Vesse.
Vexiilum (a flag), 180, 185.
Victuals, 453.

Vif argent, 213. See Vivum argentum.
Vigilatores ad Ripam (waiters), 99, n. 6.
VDlage, 100.

Vinculum (cord or band), 161.

Vinegar, 153, 197. See Acetum, Vinum
acerbum, Vynegre.

Vinegre, 611, 612.

Vin<^radoff, P., 26, n. 2.

Vinum (wine), 157, 159, 165, 168-170,
174, 175, 179, 180, 184, 188, 191, 196,
197, 200 f., 203, n. 2, 210, 215, 218,
260, 262, 264, 273, 334, 335, 337, 339,
341, 360, 374, 375, 381, Z^3, 384, 390,
392, 393, 397, 398, 400-407, 524, 527,
536, 559, 608, 611, 613, 614, 624, 626,
627, 629, 632, 633, 640, 646, 650, 652-
655, 658, 660, 661, 664, 668, 669, 678,
684. See Wine.

Vinum acerbum (sour wine, vinegar),
316, 324, 325, 336. See Acctum,
Vinegar.

Virga (yard), 365.

Virrerius (glazier), 514.

Viscum (bird-lime?), 273.

Visus compoti (view or summary of an
account), 142.

Vitell (victual), 670.

Vitrum (glass), 213, 441, 504, 509, 514,
573, 574, 580, 613. See Glass.

Vitry (in northern France), 560, 573,
577. See Vy tory canvas.

Vitulus (calf), 215.

Vivald, Anthonius, 561, 572, 579, 581,
.586, 589, 591, 592.

Vivald, Anthony, 114, 561.

Vivum argentum (quicksOver), 161,
168-170, 273, 312, 313, 316, 318, 320,
326, 327. See Quicksilver, Vif argent.

Vlyons (cloth ?) for sayles, 705.

Vulpes (fox), 162, 213.

Vyenne (Vienne-la-Ville in northern
France), 394.

Vynegre, 610. See Vinegar.

Vytory canvas, 696. See Canvas, Vitr>'.

Waald (wood or woad ?), 193.
Wada, 652-654. See Woad.
Wadde, ^^o, 611. 5c« Woad.
Wadium, 268, 269, 313, 315, 319, 325,

3ZA-3>3>^i 340-343- See Woad.
Wadmol (heavy cloth), 279,291, 293, 298.
Waida, 412, 413. See Woad.
Waide, 166. See Woad.
Wainscot, 120, 128, 192, 193, 436. See

Waynscot, Weynscotts.
Waiters, 99, 100.

Walda (woad ?), 413. See W^oad.
Wales, 59, 94, 105, 120, 132, 222.
Walford, C, 28, n. 5.
Wallia (Wales), 453, 454, 460, 461, 465.

468, 472, 474, 476, 479, 480, 483, 486,

487,490,491,493,495,527,615. See

Walssh russet.

P INDEX 765 ^^1

Walnotts (walnuts), 651, 652, 658, 705,
Wak^h russet, 214. Sm Wallia.

Wheate meale, 630. ^^H

Whcelaj^e (wheel money), 24, n. t. ^^^|

Waltham, 181.

Whete melc, 660, 664. ^^M

Waltvle (wall tile), 193. See Tegula,

Wheiesston (whetstone), 38t. ,^^H

Tiles.

Wliitbi, 222. ^^H

Waoda, 653. 5w Woad,

Whitelocke, B., 4, ^^B

War, :îri,2i8.

Whitsand (Wissant. Pas de Calais, V

VVararmim (warrant), 264, 273, n. 2. Set

France), 410, 413. See Witsoûd, ^^H

VVurrant.

Wytsand. ^H

Wardrobe, lo, n., 20.

Wliolesale, 25g, n. i, 260. ^^^|

Wareham, 18S.

Wicoumbe (Wycombe), 42 1. ^^^^

Warham, 426, 434. Sec Wareham.

Williamson, J. A., 10, n. i, 690. ^^^H

Warpe, 503.

Winchclsca. 49, n. i, 105, 115, igi, 205, ^^^H

Warrant, 267. Ste Customs warrants,

211, 2x1, 2:î2. 230, J67, 302, 399. Set ^^^H

Warantum.

Wynchelse, Wynchclsega, Wyncbilse. ^^^|

Water ford, itg.

Winchester, 25, 0,4, 55, 121» See Win- ^^^H

Waterford, ¥Àn% v., 4, n. 9, 65. n. 3,
Waw(XLbunchys).M'

Ionia, W)mtonia. ^^^H

Winchester Assize of 1203, 11, 48-52- ^|

Wawc (w^cy), 622, See Wayes.

Wine, II, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 31, n. 4, ^_^Ê

Wax, 20, 66, 67, 85. 107, tiQ, 126, 130.

35-49. 53i 56, 6s, n. 6, 67, 68, 69, n. i, ^^H

13s, 167, 192, iq6, 257, 264, 267, 288,

71, 75, 77, 80^85, 87, 88, n- I, 91-93, ^^H

302, 346. 360, 374t 5Q3. 435, 436, 553,

95, 106, 107, no. 114, 115, iiQ, 120, ^^^H

560, 606, 673, 674, 6qo. See Cera.

1^7, 13Û, 13I5 I33t US* HO, T4^i 143, ^^H

Waxe, 704. 705* -^f^ Wax.

I53t 155. 167, 174, 192. 200 f,, 210 f.. ^^H

W^ayda, 386, 395. 396. Set Woad,

257. 367. 302, 374. 399r 435. S^^, 5^6, ^^H

Wayes (weys), 377. Set Wawc.

553, 606. 607, 624. 635, 647, 692, 702, ^^H

Wa>Tnoutha, 250, 254!. See Wey-

n. 2. Set VUnum. Wyne, ^^H

mouth.

Wine custom, ^r? Tunnage. ^^^|

Waynescotc, 214* Ste Wainscot.

Wine custom (semi-national), 27, 28, ^^H

Waynneskot, 555. Set Wairiscot.

35-37, 4». 681 90- See Comage. ^^H

Way-nscot, 437» 441* 5«re Wainscot.

Wine custom of 1288 (temporary im- ^^^H

Wa>Tiscote, 48 1 . See Wainscot .

position). So, Qo, 131, ^^^H

Waytes, tryc (test weights), 705.

Wme custom of 1302 (paid by the mer- ^^^|

Weighers, qq.

chants of Aquitaine), 258. ^^^|

Weighls and measures, 124, n. 3, 127,

W1nc custom of 1303. Set Butlerage, ^^^H

13Q, 140, 225, 560, 561. See Clavus,

Custom on wine (new custom of 1303), ^^^H

Measures, Saccus, Stre, Wayes.

Custuma vinorum, ^^^H

Wcijçhts, gold, S71.

Wine, John's assize of, 41, n. 5. ^^^^

Welles, 664, 676,

Wine unported, 35-37, 45, 65, n* 6, 66, ^^^|

Werell 107, 135. See Werellus.

83,84.91*9^^114- ^^^1

WcrclluIsKsquirrel?), 218,

Wine, prise of, 4, n. 5, 7, 8, ti, 14, 16, 17, ^^^H

Wesda,373.

19, 20, 27, 28, 36-48* 53. 67, 68, 77, ^^H

Wescnham, John de, 114, 414, 415, 418,

86, 87, 90, 91, 93, 95, 131, 133, 143, ^^m

427,445, S^S. 5^9'

n, 8, 200 f,, 258. ^^H

Westapetl (WTiitstable), 658, 659,

Wintonia, 221. 5ee Winchester ^^^|

Weste salkes, 705. Set WesL

Wire, 117, 453. ^^H

Westmonasteriam (Westminster), 301,

Wbahe(?),664. ^^1

203.

Witsond, 178, iSi, 182, 184- S^e Whit- ^^1

West (>), tela lini (a kind of doth or 1

sand. ^^^H

place of mninafacturc)» 499. 1

Wipes (fox?), 209. 5frVulpes. ^H

Weymouth, 250/., 254^ 394.

Woad, 31, n. 4, 109, 130, 174- «9^. 3^» ^^H

Wc\Tnutha. 349» 359* »5«? Weymouth.

374< 411» 436, 5Ô0, 606, 647. See ^^H

Weynscot. 647, 666, 667, 675, 677-679.

Gualdum, Vaddum. Waald, Wada, ^^M

See Wainscot,

Waddc, Wadium, Waida. Waidc, ^^H

Weynscotts, 608-610, 612, 614, 615, 617,

Walda, Waoda, Wayda, Wesda. ^^|

622, 629, 630. *Sff Wainscot

Weysda, Woda, Wold, Wovode, ^^H

Wcysda, 361, 365-368> 370-373-

Wysda. ^H

Wharfage, 22.

Woda, 168-170, 174, 499, soo, 507, 509; ^^H

Wharfingers, 99.

612-614, 622, 66t. 668, 669. See ^^M

Wheat, 526, 560, 634.

766

INDEX

Wode, 70s. See Woad.

Wold,sio. 5«5Woad.

Wollcardes, 705.

Woman, 687.

Woman traders, 399, 455.

Wood, 153, 154, 174, 436, 453- See

Lignum.
Wood ashes, 193.
Woode, 592, 654, See Wood.
Woodenetts (wood-nuts, filberts), 583,

587, 589.

Woodruff, CE., 46, n. 2.

Wool, 5, n. 2, 14, 17, 20, 22, 27, 30, 31,
n. I, 32, n.4, SI, S3» 55» »• 6, $6, n.,
59, n. 1, 60, nn. 6 and 7, 61-64, 65, n. i,
66, 67, 70, 71, 74, 75, 76, n. 3, 77-79,

81, 82, 84-86, 8S, n. I, 91, 99, n.4,
106, 108, III, n. 2, 113, 131-134, 136,
140, 144, n. 2, 15s, 167, 192, 223-
257, 264, 302, 346, 393» 394, 409, 435»
515» 516, 520, 522, 595, 601, 602, 606,
624, 634, 635, 690, 692, 693. See
Lana.

Wool cloth, 192.

Wool exported, 73, 77, 79, n. 2, 80, 82,

91» 113.
Woolfells, 14, 22, 59, n. i, 61, 62, 65, n. i,
66, 67, 70, 7X, 74, 75» 77-79, »• 2,

82, 85, 86, 88, n. 1, 108, III, nn. 2 and
5» 131, ^33^ 144» n. 2, 223 f., 245, 246,
254, 257, 264, 302, 346, 393, 394, 409,
435» 515» 516, 520, 595, 601, 606, 624,
634, 692, 693. See Pellis lanuta.

Wool, German, 117.

Wool skins, 192.

Wool, Spanish, 360, 411. See Lana
Ilispannica.

Worcester, 19.

Wormesede (worm-seed), 705.

Worstead, 120, 148. 5ee Worsted.

Worsted (cloth), 128, 215, 274, 279,
280 f., 344, 414 f., 428 f., 436, 445, 446,
450, 451, 454, 455, 459, 462, 465, 467,
469, 470, 473, 476, 477, 480, 481, 483,
485-488, 491, 495, 497, 498, 527, 533,
535-537, 540-548, 552, 560, 607, 621,
623, 647, 657, 659, 660, 681, 684. See
Worstead, Werthstede, Wursted, Wus-
tede.

Worstede, 646.

Worsted yame, 705.

Worstedys, 446, 447. See Worsted.

Worthstede, 343, 345. See Worsted.

Wovode (wood ?), 19. See Woad.

Wulcardes (Wool cards), 562.

Wulzona (wool girdle), 562.

Wursted, 691, 692. See Worsted.

Wustede, 572, 583, 589. See Worsted.

Wyer, 694, 699-701. See Wire.

Wylie,J.H.,i2, 143.

Wyllow hoppes (willow hoops), 649.

Wynchelse, 400, 402, 403, 407, 408.
See Winchelsea.

Wynchelsega, 303, 333. See Winchelsea.

Wjmchilse, 426, 434. See Winchelsea.

Wjme, 706. See Wine.

Wynterfissh, 611,618.

Wyntonia, 466, 467, 473» 477, 480. See
Winchester.

Wyr-c, 486, 509. See Wire.

Wysda, 214. See Woad.

Wysebeche (Wisbech), 651, 659, 661,
670.

Wyssebeche, 527, 530, 549. See Wyse-
beche.

Wytsand, 168, 170, 178, 305, 307, 3",
328, 330-332, 335, 341, 343» 344.
See Whitsand.

Wytsand, Jacobus de, 207. See Whit-
sand.

Xuker, 313. See Sugar.

Yarmouth, 25, n. i, 29, 30, 69, n. i, 115,
144, n. 2, 176 f., 200, 210, 274, 399,
427, 526, 710. See Jemeraue, Jeme-
muta, Jememutha, Jememuthia,
Vermouth, Yermowth.

Varum (Yarm), 210, 211. See Janum.

Velverton, Sir Henry, 4, n. 6.

Verd (yard) square, ôys-

Vermouth, 668, 681. See YsLTmouth.

Yermowth, 631, 632. 5ce Yarmouth.

Yerne (iron), 616, 697. See Ferrum,
Iron, Yryn.

Ymages (images), 562, 567, 575.

Ymmingham (Immingham), 222.

Ynkhornes (inkhoms), 570.

Yoghel, 405.

York, 55, 120, 155, 156, 225, n. 2, 521,
n. I. See Eboracum, Euerwike, Evcr-
wyk.

Yorkshire, 25, n. 3.

Ypres, 170, 207.

Yryn (iron), 555. See Iron.

Yvery (ivory), 569, 572, 574, 579. See
I very.

Yvory (ivory), 514, 688. See Ivtry.

Zeme (yam ?), 555.

Zinziher (ginger), 213, 495, 496, 511-5M.

Zona (girdle), 270, 465, 466, 488, 568,

570,571,573,574, 578, 688.
Zucara, 271. See Sugar.
Zucra, 210. See Sugar.

nXMTZDAT

THE HARVASD UNIVERSITY PRESS

CAMBRIDGE. MASS., V. S. A.

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Full text of "The early English customs system: a documentary study of the institutional and economic history of the customs from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century"

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