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A  HISTORY  OF 

D  UNST  ER 


A    HISTORY    OF 

D  U  N  ST  E  R 

AND      OF     THE      FAMILIES     OF 
MOHUN      ^     LUTTRELL 

BY 

SIR    H.C.MAXWELL    LYTE,K.C.B. 

Deputy  Keeper  of  the   Records. 


PART  II 


I L  L  us  T  RA TED 


LONDON 
THE     ST.     CATHERINE     PRESS     LTD 

8     YORK     BUILDINGS,     ADELPHI 
1909 


t^ 


CHAPTER   X. 

The    topography    of    Dunster, 


The  station  of  the  Great  Western  Railway  bearing 
the  name  of  '  Dunster  '  is  actually  in  the  parish  of 
Carhampton.  A  little  to  the  south  of  it  stands  Marsh 
Bridge,  formerly  of  some  importance  as  situate  on  the 
road  between  the  Haven,  or  sea-port,  of  Dunster  and 
the  town.  It  was  reckoned  to  be  in  Dunster,  and  in 
the  middle  ages  the  commonalty  of  that  borough  was 
responsible  for  its  maintenance.  ^  Higher  Marsh, 
now  a  farmhouse  close  by,  seems  to  occupy  the  site 
of  Marsh  Place,  the  cradle  of  the  Stewkleys,  who 
eventually  became  rich  and  migrated  to  Hinton 
Ampner  in  Hampshire.  Further  south  are  several 
scattered  houses,  dignified  collectively  by  the  name 
of  Marsh  Street. 

There  were  formerly  two  public  approaches  to  the 
town  of  Dunster  from  the  north.  One  of  these, 
known  in  the  fourteenth  century  as  Brook  Lane, 
diverged  from  the  highroad  between  Carhampton  and 
Minehead  at  the  western  end  of  Loxhole  Bridge, 
formerly  Brooklanefoot  Bridge,  which  spans  the  river 
that  there  divides  the  parishes  of  Carhampton  and 
Dunster.  ^  The  other,  skirting  round  the  eastern 
side  of  Conigar,  was  a  southern  continuation  of  Marsh 
Street,  and  was  anciently  known  as  St.  Thomas's  Street, 

'  D.C.M.  XII.  4.  Wills,  vol.  iii.  p.  195. 

*  D.C.M.   I.  4  ;  Somerset  Medieval 


■■>..■. 


330  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.        ch.  x. 

from  a  chapel  on  the  north  side  of  it,  dedicated  to 
that  saint.  ^  After  the  disappearance  of  the  chapel, 
the  street  gradually  acquired  a  new  name.  In  1735, 
Dr.  Poole  was  fined  6s.  %d.  by  the  court  of  the 
borough  "  for  causing  cobb  to  be  made  in  the  street 
called  Rattle  Row,  otherwise  called  St.  Thomas's 
Street,  in  the  common  highway  leading  from  Dunster 
town's  end  to  Minehead.  "  Brook  Lane  and  Rattle 
Row  were  alike  superseded,  soon  after  1830,  by  a 
broader  and  easier  ascent  to  the  town,  about  midway 
between  them.  The  course  of  the  former  is  still 
marked  by  a  right  of  way  for  pedestrians  ;  the  latter 
is  closed. 

Near  the  place  where  the  two  roads  from  the  north 
converged  stood  of  old  '  le  barrys,  '  which  was  pre- 
sumably one  of  the  boundaries  of  the  space  available 
for  markets  and  fairs.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  the 
Seventh,  there  is  mention  of  '  le  est  baryer  '  and  '  le 
west  baryer.  '  ""  The  rising  ground  to  the  right  of 
the  former  has  for  some  time  been  known  as  '  the 
Ball.  '  In  1743,  John  Delbridge  was  presented  at 
the  local  court  for  making  an  encroachment  on  the 
lady's  waste,  by  building  on  a  place  called  '  the  Ball.  ' 
Few  street  views  in  England  have  been  more  often 
drawn,  painted,  and  photographed  than  that  from 
this  spot,  with  the  Luttrell  Arms  Hotel  on  the  left 
and  the  Market-House  on  the  right,  backed  by  the 
wooded  Tor  and  the  Castle. 

The  main  street  of  Dunster  running  southward 
from  the  Ball,  has,  in  the  course  of  centuries,  borne 
various  names.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Third, 
Reynold  de  Mohun  styles  it  North  Street  (yicus  del 
Nord).  '     In  1362  and  1432,  it  is  called  '  Chepyng- 

'  D.C.M.  XII.  4  ;  XIX.  4.  '  See  above,  page  277. 

»  D.C.M.  xui.  I. 


a 

X 


H 


CH.  X.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  331 

strete,  '  rendered  in  Latin  as  '  Vicus  Foralis.  '  At  a 
later  period,  the  old  English  name  was  supplanted  by 
an  equivalent  in  the  form  of  '  la  Market  Streete,  ' 
which  occurs  in  1478.  Eleven  years  later,  it  is  called 
*  Eststrete.  ^  In  1648,  there  is  mention  of  '  the 
markett  streete  of  Dunster  called  the  High  Streete.'  ^ 
Savage,  in  1830,  describes  it  as  '  Fore  Street.  '  ^ 

A  little  to  the  south  of  the  Ball  stood  the  Corn 
Cross,  mentioned  in  1705  as  close  to  the  Wheat 
Market.  To  the  east  of  it  was  a  building  known  as 
the  Tub  House.      The  whole  site  is  now  quite  bare. 

Nothing  is  known  as  to  the  exact  date  of  the 
erection  of  the  octagonal  Market-House  which  is  one 
of  the  most  picturesque  objects  of  the  sort  in  England. 
It  may,  however,  be  ascribed  to  George  Luttrell,  the 
first  of  that  name.  The  sellers  of  cloth  or  other 
merchandise  formerly  stood  under  its  shelter  back  to 
back  and  carried  on  their  business  with  purchasers 
outside.  One  of  the  rafters  still  has  a  hole  through 
it  made  by  a  cannon-ball  from  the  Castle  during  the 
siege  in  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century.  The 
roof  must  have  been  renewed  after  this,  for  the  vane 
bears  the  initials  of  the  second  George  Luttrell,  with 
the  date  '  1 647.  ' 

Some  shambles  were  erected  in  the  Market  Street 
of  Dunster  in  1423,  with  timber  from  the  Hanger 
Park  close  by.*  Various  pictures  and  plans  made  in 
the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century  show  that 
they  extended  some  distance  southward  from  the 
Market-House,  thus  dividing  the  street  into  two 
parallel  ways,  the  eastern  much  wider  than  the  west- 
ern. In  the  middle  was  the  wooden  building  known 
as  the  Town  Hall.     There  is  a  record  in  1426  of  the 

'  D.C.M.  VIII.  2.  '  Hundred  ofCarhauiptoii,  p.  381 

»  D.C.M.  XV.  30  *  D.C.M.  xi.'3. 


332  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  x. 

cost  of  making  a  new  pillory  (collistrtgium)  in  the 
market-place  with  timber  brought  from  Marshwood.  ^ 
A  prison,  or  '  stockhowse,  '  is  mentioned  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.  ^  Each  trade  had  its  own  section  of 
the  shambles,  and  the  lord  got  rent  from  all.  In  the 
seventeenth  century,  the  rate  for  '  shops  inclosed  ' 
was  much  higher  than  that  for  '  standings  '  occupied 
by  butchers,  shoemakers  and  the  like.  ^  The  old 
Town  Hall,  the  range  of  shops  in  the  middle  of  the 
street,  and  the  open  shambles  were  alike  demolished 
in  1825,  when  "a  new  and  convenient  market  house," 
not  remarkable  for  beauty,  was  erected  by  John  Fownes 
Luttrell  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  street.  *  Some 
medieval  shambles  may  still  be  seen  in  the  county  of 
Somerset  at  Shepton  Mallet.  ^ 

The  first  building  on  the  left  is  the  well-known 
hostelry  called  the  Luttrell  Arms  Hotels  which  appears 
to  occupy  the  site  of  three  ancient  houses.  In  1443, 
William  Dodesham,  son  and  heir  of  Ellen  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Robert  Homond,  conveyed  to  Richard 
Luttrell,  esquire,  two  messuages  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Market  Street  of  Dunster,  bounded  on  the  south 
by  a  house  already  belonging  to  the  purchaser,  on 
the  north  by  the  road  leading  towards  Marsh,  and  on 
the  east  by  the  park  of  the  lord  of  Dunster.  The 
property,  which  was  in  the  hands  of  feoffees  in  1467, 
was,  in  1499,  conveyed  to  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  and 
Margaret  his  wife  in  fee,  and  it  thus  became  an  in- 
tegral part  of  the  demesne  of  subsequent  lords  of 
Dunster.  * 

The  arched  doorway,  with  quatrefoils  in  the  span- 

'  D.C.M.  XI.  3.  5  See  the  illustrations  in  Proceedings 

*  D.C.M.  XV.  30.  of  the  Somerset  Archaeological  Society^ 
»  D.C.M.  XI.  51.  vol.  liii. 

*  Sa\age's  Hundred  0/ Carhamptou,  «  D.C.M.  viii.  2. 
p.  381. 


IN  THK  LITTRELL  ARMS  HOTEL. 


fx3^?teiS^ 


IN    THE    CASTLE. 

OXKli.M.WlKI.S, 
DKXSTKR. 


CH.  X.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER. 


333 


drels,  and  the  northern  wing  may  perhaps  be  assigned 
to  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century.  The 
exterior  of  the  latter  is  richly  carved  in  oak,  having 
a  double  row  of  windows  with  panelling  between 
them,  not  unlike  that  of  the  principal  screen  in  the 
church.  An  open  roof  to  the  upper  storey  was  until 
a  few  years  ago  hidden  by  a  plaster  ceiling. 

The  porch-tower  facing  the  street  and  part  of  the 
adjoining  fabric  appear  to  have  been  built,  or  very 
materially  altered,  between  the  years  1622  and  1629. 

In  one  of  the  rooms  on 
the  first  floor,  there  is  a 
shield  commemorating 
the  marriage  of  George 
Luttrell  of  Dunster  Castle 
and  his  second  wife,  Sil- 
vestra  Capps.  In  another 
room  there  is  a  remark- 
able plaster  overmantel 
of  the  same  period.  An  oval  in  the  centre  of  it 
is  believed  to  represent  Actaeon  being  devoured  by 
hounds.  On  either  side  stands  a  lady  richly  attired, 
each,  however,  showing  one  leg  quite  bare  from  the 
thigh  downwards.  Above,  two  lions  carry  shields  of 
the  arms  of  England  and  France.  A  male  figure 
within  a  triangle  between  them  may  possibly  be 
intended  to  represent  either  the  King  of  the  day  or 
George  Luttrell.  The  face  is  almost  grotesque.  An 
overmantel  at  Dunster  Castle,  obviously  by  the  same 
hand,  bears  the  date  '  1620,'  and  there  is  a  third 
example  of  his  work  at  Marshwood. 

The  whole  building  has  been  an  inn  for  a  consider- 
able period.  In  a  valuation  of  the  year  1651,  it  is 
described  as  '  The  Ship,  '  and  entered  as  worth  1 6/.  a 
year.     At  the  beginning  of    1736,  a  large  new  sign- 


334  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  x. 

post  made  of  timber  and  iron  was  set  up  in  front 
of  the  house  and  painted  by  Richard  Phelps.  The 
keepers  of  some  other  inns  and  taverns  in  Dunster 
may  have  regarded  it  as  prejudicial  to  their  interests. 
The  following  occurs  in  the  record  of  the  borough 
court  held  in  October  of  that  year  ; — 

"  We  present  Philip  Harrison  for  his  base  usage  to  the 
lord  of  the  manor  for  pulling  down  and  destroying  of  the 
sign  and  sign-post  belonging  to  the  house  called  the  Ship 
Inn  in  Dunster,  being  a  very  great  imposition  upon  the  lord 
of  the  manor  and  cost  and  charge,  for  which  we  do  amerce 
the  said  Phihp  Harrison  5/.  " 

The  matter  did  not  stop  here,  for,  in  1739,  the 
receiver  of  Miss  Margaret  Luttrell's  rents  debited 
himself  with  11/.  los,  from  William  Hoyle  and 
Philip  Harrison,  "  moneys  recovered  on  a  judgment, 
for  pulling  down  the  sign  of  the  Ship.  " 

Some  greater  misfortune  afterwards  befell  the  house, 
for  in  1777,  "the  ruins  of  the  old  .S/^/)) /i'z^  and  garden, " 
yielded  no  rent.  In  the  autumn  of  that  year,  James 
Stowey  prepared  "  a  plan  and  elevation  for  the  Ship 
Inn  "  at  a  charge  of  i/.  lis.  6d.  After  the  necessary 
alterations,  the  premises  became  the  Luttrell  Arms 
Hotels  and  advertisements  for  a  suitable  tenant  were 
issued  in  1779.  So  conservative,  however,  were  the 
parochial  authorities  that  they  continued  for  ten  years 
to  assess  them  under  the  name  of  the  Ship  Inn.  The 
landlord,  John  Mountstephen,  of  course  called  his 
house  by  the  name  which  it  still  bears.  ^ 

Several  houses  in  High  Street  retain  traces  of  Eliza- 
bethan work,  although  most  of  their  exteriors  have 
been  unfortunately  modernized.  At  the  bottom  of 
the  street  stood  formerly  the  High  Cross,  called  also 
the  Market  Cross  and,  later,  the  Butter  Cross.      From 

'  Chadwick  Healey's  Hislory  of  part  of  West  Somerset,  p.  400. 


.1' ITKI'l.L    AU.MS    ll()|i:i 
nCNSTI-R. 

TllK     KNTRAXCi:. 


CH.  X.        A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  335 

this  point  a  direct  continuation  of  High  Street  leads 
steeply  up  to  the  Castle  Bailey,  while  the  main 
thoroughfare  turns  sharply  to  the  right. 

The  house  next  but  one  to  the  south-western  end 
of  High  Street  once  belonged  to  the  Abbey  of  Cleeve 
and  was  known  as  '  le  Smyth  ' '  The  last  house  in 
the  street  was  known  in  the  fifteenth  century  as  '  le 
Cornershoppe. '  After  being  rebuilt  by  William  Snell 
about  1 410,  it  came  to  be  called  '  the  Cage  House, ' 
presumably  on  account  of  its  shape  and  wooden  con- 
struction. '  The  ancient  cellars  remain,  but  all  the 
rest  of  it  was  rebuilt  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth 
century  by  Dr.  Abraham,  who  had  bought  the  house 
from  John  Fownes  Luttrell.  The  house  adjoining  it 
on  the  west,  once  belonging  to  the  chantry  of  St. 
Lawrence,  was  rebuilt  at  the  same  time.  Opposite 
to  the  Cage  House  was  '  the  Glasiar's  House, '  men- 
tioned under  that  name  in  1647  and  again  1684.  ^ 

The  thoroughfare  turning  westward  between  the 
Cage  House  and  the  Glazier's  House  has  borne  dif- 
ferent names.  In  1367,  it  is  called  simply  "  the 
street  which  leads  from  Market  Street  towards  the 
churchyard.  "  *  So  again  in  1636,  it  is  called  "  the 
strete  which  leadeth  from  the  Markett  Crosse  towards 
the  church  of  Dunster.  "  ^  It  was,  however,  generally 
known  as  '  New  Street '  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
centuries.*^  Conveyances  of  the  years  1781,  1804, 
and  1834,  describe  it  'Middle  Street,'  while  the 
parochial  authorities  of  1760  and  1782  called  it 
'  Church  Street, '  the  name  which  it  now  bears. 

On  the  north  side  of  Church  Street  and  separated 
from  the  Corner  Shop,  or  Cage  House,  by  a  tenement 

>  D.C.B.  no.  44.  ^  D.C.M.  in.  12  ;  xv.  38. 

-  D.C.M.  I.  27  ;  III.  12  ;  VIII.  2  ;  xiii.  *  D.C.B.  no.  43. 

2  ;  XV.  37  ;  Rentals  of  1739  &  1777  ;  ^  D.C.M.  xv.  49. 

Rate-book  of  1774.  «  D.C.B.  no.  91.     D.C.M.  passim. 


336  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.        ch.  x. 

formerly  belonging  to  the  Chantry  of  St.  Lawrence 
is  a  long  and  picturesque  building  with  projecting 
eaves  partially  covered  with  small  slates.  In  1346, 
Hugh  Pyrou  (or  Pero)  of  Oaktrow  in  Cutcombe  ob- 
tained royal  licence  to  grant  to  the  Abbot  and  Con- 
vent of  Cleeve  in  mortmain  three  messuages  and  a 
yearly  rent  of  i2d.  in  Dunster.  ^  His  benefaction 
probably  included  the  site  of  this  building,  which  may 
have  been  erected  by  the  monks  soon  afterwards. 
The  finials  of  the  two  gables  and  a  small  original 
window  in  the  eastern  wall  seem  to  date  from  the 
fourteenth  century.  In  course  of  time  the  Abbot 
and  Convent  acquired  several  houses  in  Dunster,  in- 
cluding the  smithy  already  mentioned  and  a  fulling 
mill  in  the  western  part  of  the  town.  Their  rent 
therefrom  amounted  in  1535,  to  4/.  71.,  out  of  which 
they  used  to  pay  4J-.  to  the  Castle  of  Dunster,  pre- 
sumably the  old  rent  of  four  burgages,  and  to  dis- 
tribute I  js,  in  alms  for  the  soul  of  Pyrou  and  others.^ 
At  the  dissolution  of  the  monasteries,  all  their  property 
passed  to  the  Crown,  which  consequently  became 
liable  to  the  Luttrells  for  the  rent  of  4/. 

In  1609,  George  Salter  of  the  parish  of  St.  Dunstan 
in  the  West,  London,  gentleman,  bought  from  the 
King  a  great  number  of  houses  and  lands  in  different 
parts  of  England,  including  the  houses  in  Dunster 
that  had  belonged  to  Cleeve  Abbey.  ^  He  seems  to 
have  been  either  an  agent  for  other  persons,  or  a  specu- 
lator on  his  own  account,  for  he  soon  split  up  his 
purchase.^  Further  subdivisions  followed  in  the  course 
of  the  next  few  years,  and  it  was  not  until  1620  that 
Robert  Quircke  of  Minehead,  mariner,  acquired  the  two 
separate  tenements  in  Dunster  "  commonly  knowne 

'  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,    1345-  ^  Patent  Roll,  7  Jac.  I.  parts  22, 34,  35. 

'34S,  p.  67.  1  Close  Roll,  10  Jac.  i.  part  32. 

'  Valor  Ecclcsiasticus,  vol.  i.  p.  217. 


CH.  X.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  337 

by  the  name  or  names  of  '  the  Highe  Howse  or 
Howses,  '  "  subject  to  a  yearly  rent  of  i/.  to  the 
Crown.  When  sold  again  in  1683,  it  comprised  four 
several  dwellings,  but  in  1703  there  were  only  three 
tenants.  In  1781,  it  is  described  as  "  that  dwelling 
house  called  or  known  by  the  name  of  '  the  High 
House,  '  lately  converted  into  a  malthouse,  with  a 
kiln  thereon  for  drying  malt.  "  By  1 834,  the  maltster 
has  disappeared  and  a  joiner  had  taken  his  place. 
The  building  now  comprises  two  dwellings  not  used 
for  trade.  As  late  as  1804,  it  is  described  in  a  con- 
veyance by  its  ancient  and  appropriate  name  of  '  the 
High  House,  '  but  in  1769,  and  perhaps  earlier,  it 
was  commonly  known  as  '  the  old  Nunnery.  '  This 
misnomer  is  thoroughly  characteristic  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  when  the  wildest  theories  about  history  and 
antiquities  found  ready  acceptance.  There  was  never 
any  establishment  of  religious  women  at  Dunster ;  no 
nunnery  even  owned  a  particle  of  land  in  the  parish. 

From  the  High  House,  Church  Street  proceeds 
past  a  garden  formerly  belonging  to  the  Priory  to  the 
churchyard,  at  the  south-eastern  corner  of  which 
there  is  a  picturesque  timbered  cottage  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  which  also  pertained  to  the  monks.  This  is 
described  in  1588  as  "the  stone-healled  howse,  "  a 
fact  of  which  the  late  Mr.  Street  was  unaware,  when 
he  covered  the  roof  with  tiles  and  rebuilt  the  chimneys 
in  a  style  suggestive  of  Sussex  rather  than  Somerset.  ^ 

In  the  southern  wall  of  the  churchyard  there  is  a 
large  arched  recess  of  the  middle  ages,  the  original 
purpose  of  which  has  given  rise  to  various  conject- 
ures. It  was  almost  certainly  a  fountain,  connected 
with  '  le  cundyte  '  in  New  Street  which  is  mentioned 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Sixth.  ^  In  the  seventeenth 

>  D.C.M.  XIV,  26.  »  D.C.M.  XI.  3  ;  xviii.  3. 


338  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  x. 

and  eighteenth  centuries,  the  '  bow  '  in  the  wall  of  the 
graveyard  was  let  as  a  shop  and  yielded  is.  a  year  to 
the  churchwardens.  It  is  now  empty.  Close  to  it 
are  some  steps  leading  from  the  street  to  the  south- 
western corner  of  the  churchyard  and  described  as  a 
staircase  {scald)  in  1348.^ 

In  front  of  the  churchyard,  the  main  road  through 
Dunster  turns  sharply  to  the  south-west,  and  assumes 
the  name  of  West  Street.  It  is  mentioned  by  that 
name  in  the  thirteenth  century,  and  it  has  borne  it 
ever  since.  The  point  at  which  it  is  intersected  by 
a  road  on  either  side  was  known  in  the  seventeenth 
century  as  Spear's  Cross.  In  i486,  there  is  mention 
of  "  the  cross  opposite  to  the  dwelling-house  {man- 
sionem)  of  William  Sper,  "  doubtless  identical  with 
"la  crosse  in  la  Westestrete  "  mentioned  in  1413.^ 
Here  there  is  a  Wesleyan  Chapel  of  1878,  which 
does  not  harmonize  with  its  picturesque  surroundings. 

The  road  on  the  left  was  formerly  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal streets  of  Dunster,  containing  houses  belonging 
to  different  freeholders.  From  its  position  imme- 
diately under  the  stronghold  of  the  Mohuns  and  the 
Luttrells  it  was  called,  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries,  '  Castelbayly, '  '  le  Castellebale,  '  '  le  Baley 
Strete,  '  or  simply  '  le  Baleye.  '  One  branch  of  it 
turned  northward  into  Market  Street,  another  south- 
ward up  the  hill  to  the  gate  of  the  Castle.  Eastward 
it  led  to  St.  Benet's  Well,  to  the  Hanger  Park,  and  to 
the  Barton,  or  home-farm,  of  the  medieval  lords  of 
Dunster.  ^  In  course  of  time,  the  Luttrells  bought 
out  all  the  smaller  proprietors  in  the  street,  and  put 
their  own  dependents  into  such  houses  as  they  did 
not  demolish.     This  process  was  completed  by  1791, 

'  D.C.B.  no.  II.  »  D.C.B.  no.  66. 

*  D.C.M.  XI.  2  ;  xni.  I. 


r'-^^- 


'"  tCT 


A    COTTAGK    DOORWAY. 


ST.    GEORGK  S    STRKF.T, 

dunsti:r. 


CH.  X.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  339 

when  the  road  is  described  as  '  Castle  Street. '  The 
older  name  of  '  Castle  Bailey  '  was  in  use  as  late  as 
1769.  The  road  has  no  name  at  present  and  it  has 
long  since  ceased  to  be  a  public  thoroughfare.  Here 
are  the  dairy,  the  stables,  the  coach-house,  and  the 
farm-yard  pertaining  to  the  Castle  above. 

From  the  western  end  of  the  Castle  Bailey  there 
is  an  ancient  and  hilly  road  to  Alcombe  and  Mine- 
head,  the  first  section  of  which,  in  the  town  of 
Dunster,  is  known  as  '  St.  George's  Street,  '  because 
it  skirts  the  grave-yard  of  the  church  dedicated  to 
that  Saint.  It  is  mentioned  by  that  name  in  131 1. 
Opposite  to  the  churchyard  are  the  schools,  erected 
in  1 87 1,  from  designs  by  Mr.  St.  Aubyn,  at  the  cost 
of  the  Revd.  Thomas  Fownes  Luttrell,  and  now 
let  to  the  Somerset  County  Council.  Behind  them 
is  the  cemetery  enclosed  in  1880,  and  behind  that 
again  are  some  allotments.  On  the  right  of  St. 
George's  Street  was  the  former  Priory  Green,  and 
further  up  is  Rockhead.  ^  According  to  local 
tradition,  the  shaft  of  a  medieval  cross,  raised  on 
several  steps,  at  Rockhead,  was  removed  thither,  in 
1825,  from  the  junction  of  High  Street  and  Church 
Street.  It  is  accordingly  marked  in  the  Ordnance 
Survey  as  the  *  Butter  Cross.  '  While  the  tradition 
may  be  true  enough  with  regard  to  the  existing 
remains,  or  part  of  them,  a  number  of  workmen 
were  employed  by  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell  in  1776, 
in  "  levelling  the  ground  round  the  cross  at  Rockhead 
and  gravelling  the  road  towards  Conigar.  " 

Conduit  Lane  on  the  left  of  St.  George's  Street 
leads  steeply  up  the  northern  slope  of  Grabbist,  past  a 
little  medieval  building  that  encloses  the  spring  known 
as  St.  Leonard's  Well.     This  is  mentioned,  in  1375 

'  D  C.B.  no.  20. 


340  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.        ch.  x. 

as  being  '  under  Grobbefast.  "  ^  The  Benedictine 
Prior  of  Dunster  was  formerly  responsible  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  lane.  ^  Pipes  have  been  found  in 
the  ground  leading  from  it  to  the  Priory,  and  thence 
through  the  churchyard  to  the  conduit  in  New  Street 
mentioned  above. 

The  houses  in  West  Street  are  for  the  most  part 
later  in  date  than  those  in  High  Street.  Taverns 
and  other  buildings  with  distinctive  signs  were  always 
less  numerous  there.  A  little  above  the  street  on  the 
north  stands  the  Cottage  Hospital,  established  in  1867 
for  the  reception  of  nine  patients. 

On  the  south  of  West  Street  a  road  skirting  the 
base  of  the  Tor  diverges  towards  the  old  grist-mills 
mentioned  in  the  previous  chapter.  Here  the  Wes- 
leyans  placed  a  small  school  in  1825,  which  was 
rebuilt  thirty  years  later.  It  is  no  longer  used  for  its 
original  purpose.  Three  small  houses  close  to  it, 
near  the  corner  of  West  Street,  were  between  1696 
and  1699,  let  to  the  overseers  of  the  parish,  to  serve 
as  a  workhouse.  Several  members  of  the  Luttrell 
family  made  bequests  to  the  poor  of  Dunster,  and  the 
accumulated  capital  remained  for  generations  in  the 
hands  of  successive  owners  of  the  Castle,  who  paid 
interest  on  it  at  varying  rates.  Curiously  enough  it 
came  to  be  known  as  '  the  Luttrell  and  Eld  Charity, ' 
Eld  having  been  merely  the  Master  in  Chancery  who 
regulated  the  affairs  of  Margaret  Luttrell  the  heiress. 
In  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  the  little 
workhouse  was  supposed  to  accommodate  upwards 
of  thirty  persons,  besides  the  housekeeper.  The  cost 
of  maintaining  the  inmates  was  at  that  time  is.  td. 
apiece  by  the  week,  besides  their  clothes.  Heather 
and  turf  for  fuel  came  from  the  neighbouring  hills. 

'  D.C.B.  no  39.  »  D.C.M.  XI.  i. 


CH.  X.        A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  341 

Some  receipts  came  from  the  sale  of  yarn  made  by  the 
paupers.  The  workhouse  seems  to  have  been  closed 
in  1836.' 

A  second  street  diverging  to  the  left  of  West  Street 
was  formerly  one  of  the  main  approaches  to  the  town 
of  Dunster.  It  is  described  as  '  la  Waterstret  '  in 
1323,  and  as  *  Gallokystret  '  in  1342,  and  it  long 
continued  to  bear  these  names  indifferently.  Neither 
name  was  more  authoritative  than  the  other.  Both 
of  them,  especially  the  latter,  occur  frequently  in 
conveyances,  court- rolls  and  other  legal  documents. 
As  late  as  the  year  1800,  there  is  a  mention  of 
*  Gallox  Street  otherwise  called  Water  Street,  '  but 
by  that  time  the  name  of  Water  Street  had,  in  com- 
mon parlance,  become  restricted  to  the  northern  part 
of  the  thoroughfare  and  that  of  Gallocks  Street  to  the 
southern  part  beyond  the  river.  ^  A  footpath,  no 
longer  public,  connecting  this  street  with  the  road  to 
the  grist-mills  was  known,  in  the  fourteenth  and 
fifteenth  centuries,  as  '  Colyerslane,  '  or  simply  '  le 
Lane.  '  ' 

Carts  going  down  Water  Street  can  cross  the  water 
formerly  known  as  '  le  Oldstreme  '  at  a  ford,  by  the 
side  of  which  there  is  a  picturesque  medieval  bridge 
of  two  arches.  In  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  cent- 
ury, this  was  known  as  '  Doddebrigge, '  but  by  the 
time  of  Henry  the  Seventh  it  had  acquired  the  name 
of  '  Gallockisbrigge, '  which  it  has  since  retained.  * 

A  little  beyond  the  bridge,  close  to  the  present 
Park  gate,  and  in  the  parish  of  Carhampton,  was 
Gallocks  Cross,  where  four  roads  met.  ^  That  which 
led  westward  to  Frackford,  on  the  way  to  Avill,  is 
described,  in  1756,  as '  Galloxwell  Lane.'    The  spring 

'  D.C.B  ;  Overseers'  accounts.  ■•  D.C.M.  viii.  2  ;  xv.  3,  39 

»  Rate-book,  1774.  *  D.C.M.  xv.  6,  28. 

^  D.C.M.  VIII.  2  ;  X.  I. 


342  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  x. 

from  which  it  took  its  name  is  mentioned  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  the  Seventh.  ^  In  1708,  Alexander  Luttrell 
demised  to  Caleb  Spurrier,  glazier,  two  other  springs 
near  it,  with  a  view  to  his  laying  leaden  pipes  there- 
from to  cisterns  at  the  High  Cross  and  the  Corner 
House  in  Dunster,  and  supplying  seven  hogsheads  of 
water  weekly  to  the  Priory.  One  of  these  springs 
was  called  Heart's  Well. 

From  Gallocks  Cross  a  public  road,  dating  from 
the  time  of  the  Roman  occupation  of  Britain,  formerly 
led  upwards  in  a  south-easterly  direction,  near  Hoi  way 
House,  the  exact  situation  of  which  is  now  forgotten, 
to  the  village  of  Carhampton.  Since  the  creation  of 
the  Deer  Park,  this  has  become  a  mere  footpath.  A 
third  road  from  Gallocks  Cross  went  north-eastwards 
by  Avelham  Corner,  Henstey,  Skibbercliff,  and  Gilt- 
chapel  close  to  the  junction  of  Saltern  Lane  with  the 
present  main  road  from  Carhampton  to  Minehead. 
The  Prior  of  Dunster  was  responsible  for  the  repair 
of  this  road.  ^ 

Gallockstreet,  Gallocksbridge,  Gallockscross,  Gal- 
lockswell,  Gallocksclose,  Gallocksdown,  and  Gallocks- 
wood,  alike  take  their  names  from  the  gallows  per- 
taining to  the  early  lords  of  Dunster.  Close  to 
Gallockscross  is  one  of  the  entrances  into  the  present 
deer-park. 

The  area  and  the  very  situation  of  Dunster  Park 
have  altered  considerably  in  the  course  of  centuries, 
and  some  points  connected  with  its  history  are  obscure. 
There  can  be  no  doubt,  however,  that  it  was  always 
of  less  account  than  Marshwood  in  the  parish  of 
Carhampton,  so  long  as  the  latter  was  maintained  as 
a  park.  It  is  described  in  1279  as  the  "small  park,*' 
and  in  i  330  as  the  "  Hanger,"  a  name  which  it  bore 

'  D.C.M.  XV.  5.  »  D.C.M.  VIII,  2  ;  xviii,  6. 


CH.  X.        A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  343 

until  1752  and  possibly  later.  ^  Numerous  documents 
show  that  the  Hanger  Park  was  close  to  the  back-yards 
or  gardens  of  the  houses  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  High 
Street,  separated  from  them  by  a  wooden  paling, 
afterwards  replaced  by  a  stone  wall.  One  acre  of  it 
was  occupied  by  a  fishpond.  ^ 

In  1355,  Sir  John  de  Mohun  lodged  a  complaint 
at  Westminster  that  Philip  of  Luccombe,  William 
Everard,  John  Everard,  Robert  Everard,  Hugh  of 
Durborough,  Hugh  of  Crowdon,  Thomas  Denays 
parson  of  Selworthy,  Simon  Waleys,  and  Robert  late 
parker  of  Minehead  had  carried  away  deer  and  young 
sparrow-hawks  from  his  parks  at  Dunster,  Minehead, 
and  Marshwood,  and  hares,  coneys,  partridges  and 
pheasants  from  his  free  warrens  at  Carhampton  and 
Rodhuish,  and  assaulted  Richard  le  Scolemaister,  his 
collector  of  the  toll  of  Dunster  Fair.  ^ 

Eleven  years  later,  when  he  seems  to  have  been  in 
want  of  money,  he  demised  to  William  Coule  of 
Dunster  his  closes  called  'le  Hangre'  and  'Nyweperk' 
in  Carhampton  for  four  years  at  the  nominal  rent  of 
a  rose,  in  consideration,  doubtless,  of  value  received.  * 

During  Lady  de  Mohun's  long  widowhood  and 
absence  from  Somerset,  the  park,  the  vineyard,  the 
orchard,  and  a  garden  called  '  Puryhay  '  in  the  park 
were  alike  let.  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  coming  to  live  at 
Dunster,  took  these  different  pieces  of  ground  into 
his  own  hands,  together  with  the  fishery  in  the  little 
river.  ^  At  his  death  in  1428,  it  was  found  that  the 
Hanger  Park  contained  a  hundred  acres  of  pasture 
and  wood,  worth  20s.  a  year  beyond  the  feed  of  the 
deer   therein.      Marshwood    Park,    comprising    two 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  Edvv.  I.  file  m.  24^. 

22  (I)  ;  Edw.  HI.  file  22  (11).  ••  D.C.M.  xvil.  i. 

■■'  Mohun  Cartulary.  See  p.  358.  *  D.C.M.   x.   i  ;   xi,    i,   3  ;  xvii    4  ; 

*  Patent  Roll,  29  Edw.  H I.  part  i,  xviii.  2. 


344  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  x. 

hundred  and  seventy  acres  was  valued  at  double  that 
amount.  Minehead  Park  comprised  a  hundred  and 
fifty  acres.  ^ 

Sir  John  Luttrell,  son  of  Sir  Hugh,  granted  the 
office  of  parker  of  the  Hanger  to  a  certain  Benedict 
Tolose  for  life,  with  a  yearly  allowance  of  40J-.  out  of 
the  issues  of  the  borough  of  Dunster,  and  granted  the 
office  of  parker  of  Marshwood  to  a  certain  John  Blaunche 
upon  exactly  similar  terms.  ^  It  was  the  parker  of 
the  Hanger  who  used  to  kill  coneys  at  the  warren, 
for  consumption  at  the  Castle,  and  for  presentation 
to  the  friends  of  the  lord  or  lady.  ^ 

At  different  dates  there  are  mentions  of  the  park 
pale  by  Loxhole  Bridge,  the  park-pale  below  Henstey, 
and  the  pale  between  the  park  and  Great  Avel- 
ham.  Hence  it  appears  that  the  medieval  park  of 
Dunster  comprised  the  sloping  ground  between  the 
town  and  the  river,  and  the  northern  part  of  the  level 
ground  beyond  the  river  now  known  as  '  the  Lawn. ' 
Although  Great  Avelham  on  the  south  was  afterwards 
added  to  it,  the  total  area  in  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth 
century  was  only  seventy-two  acres.  By  that  time 
Marshwood  Park  had  also  been  reduced  to  a  hundred 
acres,  and  Minehead  Park  had  become  agricultural 
land. "  On  the  other  hand  the  Luttrells'  park  at  East 
Quantockshead  had  increased  in  importance. 

In  1 65 1,  'Dunster  Parke  alias  Dunster  Hanger'  was 
valued  at  120/.  a  year.  ^  No  record  has  been  found 
of  the  date  at  which  it  was  converted  into  pasture  and 
meadow,  but  it  is  tolerably  certain  that  there  were 
not  any  deer  there  in  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  A  survey  of  the  year  1746  shows  that 
*  the  Higher  Park,  '  reckoned  as  part  of  the  demesne 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  6  Hen.  VI.  no.  32.  *  See  above  page  160. 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  9  Hen.  VI.  no.  51.  *  D.C.M.  III.  12. 

'  D.C.M.  XI.  3  ;  XVIII.  3. 


CH.  X.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  345 

of  Dunster,  was  let  to  a  certain  John  Hurford,  and 
that  '  the  two  Lawns,  '  reckoned  as  part  of  the 
demesne  of  Carhampton,  had  recently  been  rented  by 
a  certain  John  Heme.  There  is  at  Dunster  Castle  a 
portrait  of  a  man  holding  a  fish,  which  is  described 
in  an  inventory  of  178 1,  as  a  "  picture  of  Old  Her- 
ring. "  Tradition  had,  however,  misinterpreted  the 
pun  intended  by  the  painter.  An  inventory  of  1744 
calls  it  a  "  picture  of  Farmer  Heme  of  Carhampton, 
drawn  by  Mr.  Laroon  to  the  life.  "^  The  allusion  is 
to  the  fondness  of  a  heron  for  fish. 

In  1755,  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell  and  his  wife 
determined  "  to  bring  the  park  home,  "  or  in  other 
words  to  remove  the  deer  from  Marshwood  to  Dun- 
ster. This  involved  the  creation  of  a  new  park,  and 
an  area  was  selected  for  it  which  did  not  include  any 
part  of  the  medieval  park,  but  lay  entirely  to  the 
south  of  it  on  higher  ground.  Various  plots  of  free- 
hold land  had  to  be  bought  from  their  respective 
owners  ;  leases  had  to  be  extinguished,  with  compen- 
sation to  the  tenants;  hedges  had  to  be  abolished;  and 
a  continuous  fence  had  to  be  made  to  enclose  the 
whole.  Altogether  the  new  park  comprised  three 
hundred  and  forty-eight  acres,  many  of  which,  cover- 
ed with  fern,  whorts,  and  heather,  had  never  been 
brought  into  cultivation.  They  are  all  situated  in  the 
parish  of  Carhampton.  There  is  a  detailed  memor- 
andum about  the  construction  of  a  wooden  fence  along 
certain  portions  of  the  boundary  not  otherwise  safe- 
guarded : — 

"  That  part  of  the  designed  park  that  is  to  be  paled  is 
6390  feet  long  and  will  take  as  under  : — 

"710  posts  7  J  feet  long,  to  be  set  2  J  feet  into  the  ground, 
9  feet  distance  from  the  middle  of  one  post  to  the  middle  of 

'  Master  Eld's  Report  in  the  suit  Kymer  v.  Trevelyan,  1744. 


346         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.        ch.  x. 

the  other,  the  top  of  the  upper  mortice  to  be  one  foot  under 
the  top  of  the  post,  and  the  lower  part  of  the  under  mortice 
to  be  four  feet  under  the  top  of  the  post. 

"  1420  rails,  9 J  feet  long,  the  ends  to  be  drove  into  the 
mortice,  one  over  the  other,  with  the  heart  upwards. 
4260  pales,  6  feet  long  ; 
7100  ditto,  5  J  feet  long. 

Set  the  sapey  edge  of  one  pale  close  to  the  harty  edge  of  the 
next,  nail  a  long  pale  on  each  side  every  post  and  then  two 
short  ones  to  one  long  one.  Drive  no  more  than  two  nails 
to  one  pale.  22720  nails  will  naile  on  the  pales  if  none  be 
lost. " 

The  transfer  of  the  deer  from  Marshv^rood  to  Dun- 
ster  Park  seems  to  have  been  effected  in  1756  or  the 
following  year.  A  direct  route  having  been  prepared 
by  cutting  openings  through  intervening  fences,  a 
great  part  of  the  population  of  the  neighbourhood 
turned  out  to  drive  the  deer  to  pastures  new^  and 
prevent  them  from  straying  to  the  right  or  the  left 
on  the  way  thither. 

Many  of  the  trees  in  the  existing  park  were  plant- 
ed by  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell,  who  had  considerable 
taste  in  such  matters.  Some  of  the  oaks,  however, 
in  the  upper  part  of  it  are  of  very  great  antiquity, 
possibly  relics  of  the  forest  of  Dunster  mentioned  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  the  Third. 

Among  the  various  memoranda  made  by  George 
Luttrell  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  the 
First,  the  following  are  of  some  topographical  inter- 
est : — 

"  The  perambulacon  of  processyon  in  the  weke  caulyd 
Processyon  weke,  or  Gayn  weeke,  or  Rogacon  weke,  of  the 
parysh  of  Dunster. 

"  The  Monday  in  the  Rogacon  weke,  the  parysh  going 
[toward]  Alcombe  a  gospell  sayd  by  Skilaker  by  the  west 
part  of  the  waye  that  lieth  at  the  south  part  of  Deneclose 
where  somtyeme  was  a  crosse,  and  from  thence  to  Alcombe 


A    COTTAGE    DOORWAY, 

WATER   STREET, 

DUNSTER. 


CH.  X.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  347 

Crosse  and  there  was  accostomyd  to  be  sayd  a  gospell,  and 
from  thence  to  the  Chapell  of  Alcombe  and  theare  a  gospell, 
and  from  thence  backwarde  downe  by  the  water  to  Yllycombe 
to  Pyne's  howse  and  theare  a  gospell,  and  thear  the  parysh 
were  accostomed  to  have  a  drynkyng,  and  from  thence  to 
Dene  Lane,  and  so  to  Dunster  Church. 

"  The  Tewysdaye,  upp  St.  George  Strete  and  through  Dene 
Lane  and  thear  torne  west  by  the  Pekyd  or  Threcorner  close 
along  in  the  Marsh,  and  so  over  the  Fresse  to  Dunster 
Hawn,  and  so  from  thence  over  the  felde  to  go  to  Salterne 
Lane,  and  so  by  Gyltchapell  alonge  by  the  parck  [pale] 
under  Henstye  to  a  crosse  by  thollow  elme,  and  from  thence 
leving  Holwaye  Howse  and  grounde  which  W.  Hart  now 
holdyth  uppon  the  left  hande,  and  so  to  Gallockes  Crosse, 
and  theare  a  gospell,  and  from  thence  over  the  stone  brydge 
through  Gallockes  Strete  and  over  the  tymber  brydge,  and 
so  home. 

"  The  Wennysdaye,  from  the  church  through  Westrete 
over  the  sayd  brydges  through  Gallockes  Strete  and  by  Jone 
Fynnes  dore  west  in  the  way  to  Fayer  Oke,  and  from  thence 
to  Avell  and  thear  was  accostomyd  to  be  sayd  servys  in  the 
chapell  of  Mary  Maddaleyne  and  thear  was  a  drynkyng  for 
the  parysh  at  Avell  Howse,  and  then  from  thence  the  sayd 
parysh  went  over  the  water  to  Hurlepole  path  and  so  to  the 
crosse  that  stoode  by  est  [of  Frajckford  Howse,  whear  the 
bowndes  of  the  burugh  of  Dunster  begann,  [and  so]  home." 

"  The  perambulacon  of  the  processyon  of  the  parysh 
of  Carhampton  in  the  Rogacon  weke  as  followith  : 

"  The  Monday,  from  the  parysh  church  to  the  crosse  in 
the  strete  which  stode  uppon  the  strete  and  from  that 
southwarde  to  a  howse  or  tenement  nowe  in  tholdyng  of 
Lawrence  Escott  thear  and  from  thence  west  along  by  Jeles 
Dyes  howse  to  Aller  styele  where  was  wont  to  be  a  crosse 
and  thear  sayd  a  gospell,  and  from  thence  to  Colstones 
Crosse  whear  was  sayd  another  gospell,  and  from  thence  to 
Holwaye  Howse  now  W.  Harte's,  and  so  to  Holwaye 
[Hollow]  elme  at  Henstye  fote  and  from  thence  to  Henstye 
hedd  and  thear  another  gospell,  and  so  home. 

"  The  Tewysdaie,  from  the  church  to  the  wester  [thester] 
church   styele   and   from    thence   by   Henry  Lee's   towards 


348  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  x. 

Webber's  and  so  towards  Brethren  Crosse  and  thear  a  gospell, 
and  so  upp  by  Hadley's  howse  and  so  towardes  the  parsonage 
of  Wythicomb  by  Sanhill  grounde  to  Laurence  Escotte's  and 
thear  wont  to  be  sayd  a  gospell,  and  thear  was  wont  to  be 
som  refresshing  for  the  pryst,  and  from  thence  to  Rodehuysh 
by  Chestershowse  the  wydo  Doddrydg  and  to  Georg  Escot- 
te's and  thear  a  gospell  sayde  and  thear  they  dranck,  and  so 
to  St.  Barthemewe's  Chapell  whear  they  sayd  a  gospell,  and 
from  thence  to  Harry  DowUe's  howes  whear  they  sayd  a 
gospell,  and  dranck,  and  from  thence  to  Poppers  [Pyppers] 
Crosse  where  also  was  sayd  a  gospell,  and  from  thence 
to  Okehowse  whear  was  sayd  a  gospell  and  drank,  and  so 
to  Harpers  and  a  gospell  and  thear  they  drank,  and  from 
thence  they  goo  to  a  crosse  that  goyth  to  Lokesborowgh  and 
thear  was  sayd  a  gospell,  and  from  thence  to  Everarde's 
howse  whear  was  wont  to  be  sayd  a  gospell,  but  now  they 
goo  without  hys  wawles  homeward  by  Lawrence  Escotte's, 
Rogers  howse  and  so  to  the  Hundred  Elme  wher  the  Sherow 
turne  is  kept,  and  from  thence  to  the  churche  agayne. 

"The  Wennysdaye,  westward  along  the  towne  to  Dunster- 
ward  and  at  the  fotewaye  entry  going  to  Hensty  thear  was 
wont  to  be  a  crosse  caulyd  Emmys  Crosse  alias  Lanhey 
Crosse,  and  thear  was  sayd  a  gospell,  and  from  thence  by 
Gyltchapell  to  the  lorde's  feelde  gate  and  so  along  the  waye 
in  the  north  part  of  the  parck  to  Broklanefote  over  the 
brydge  thear  and  so  along  by  Chapman's  howse  and  the 
wydow  Hobbes  [Holes]  and  so  over  Marsshbrydge  to 
Poynz'  howse,  and  thear  was  sayd  a  gospell  and  was  some 
refresshing,  and  from  thence  to  Marchwaye  estward  along 
by  all  the  Chesell  and  so  to  Marshwood  and  thear  sayd  a 
gospell  and  wear  also  wont  to  be  refresshed,  and  from 
thence  towards  Shilves  and  to  a  crosse  that  was  wont  to 
stande  by  est  the  styele  that  goyth  into  Rogers  grounde 
caulyd  South  C[arhamp]ton,  and  so  home  alonge  the  depe 
waye  to  the  churche.  "  ^ 

'  D.C.M.  V.  55.     The  words  given      a  shorter  version  also,  in  the  execrable 
above  within  brackets  are  taken  from       hand  of  George  Luttrell. 


i^5^r==^3g^      P  JL  R  K 


MAP  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  DUNSTER. 


CHAPTER   XI 

DuNSTER  Castle. 


Domesday  Book  mentions  only  two  castles  in  the 
whole  county  of  Somerset,  that  of  the  powerful  Count 
of  Mortain  at  Montacute,  and  that  of  William  de 
Mohun  at  Dunster.  Both  were  presumably  strongly 
fortified  according  to  the  system  in  vogue  at  the  time 
of  the  Norman  Conquest.  Much  learning  and  in- 
genuity have  been  expended  in  the  endeavour  to  fix 
the  relative  dates  of  the  great  mounds  which  charac- 
terize so  many  English  castles  of  early  origin  and  the 
massive  stone  structures  that  were  erected  upon  them. 
This  interesting  question  has,  however,  very  little 
direct  bearing  upon  the  history  of  Dunster.  On  the 
one  hand,  it  is  practically  certain  that  the  stronghold 
of  the  first  William  de  Mohun  crowned  the  Tor, 
a  conical  hill,  whose  summit,  artificially  levelled, 
measures  about  thirty-five  yards  east  and  west  by 
about  seventy  north  and  south.  On  the  other  hand, 
it  is  almost  as  certain  that  Dunster  Castle  never  had 
one  great  tower,  quadrangular  like  that  of  Rochester, 
or  circular  like  that  of  Arundel.  The  defences  were 
mainly  natural,  the  bare  slopes  of  the  hill  being  very 
steep  on  all  sides  and  almost  precipitous  in  places. 
In  order,  however  to  make  the  place  more  secure 
against  possible  enemies,  the  upper  part  of  the  Tor 
was,  where  necessary,  scarped   to   a  depth   of  about 


350  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

eighty  feet.  Whatever  may  have  been  the  material 
employed  in  building  the  original  castle  on  the  sum- 
mit, there  was,  neither  in  the  eleventh  century  nor 
in  the  later  middle  ages,  any  need  of  the  very  massive 
construction  used  in  castles  more  easy  of  attack. 
Such  few  notices  of  the  keep  as  have  been  found  tend 
to  show  that  it  comprised  several  buildings  connected 
by  walls  of  moderate  height. 

If  the  account  of  Dunster  Castle  given  by  the 
author  of  Gesta  Stephani  may  be  taken  as  correct,  the 
fabric  subsisting  in  1 1 3  8  had  been  created  by  the 
second  William  de  Mohun,  and  this  is  not  at  all 
unlikely,  in  view  of  the  undoubted  fact  that  many 
Norman  castles  of  the  previous  century  had  been 
made  of  wood.  The  walls  and  towers  mentioned  by 
the  chronicler  must  certainly  have  been  built  of  stone. 
His  description,  moreover,  suggests  that  there  was  a 
lower  ward,  which,  indeed,  would  have  been  necessary 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  great  number  of  men 
and  horses  collected  for  warlike  purposes  by  the  then 
lord  of  Dunster.  ^  No  traces  of  distinctively  Norman 
work  now  remain  at  the  Castle,  and  although  it 
seems  likely  that  the  earliest  masonry  is  to  be  found 
at  the  north-eastern  angle,  where  the  walls  are  exceed- 
ingly  thick,   no   definite   date  can  be  assigned  to  it. 

It  was  perhaps  the  second  William  de  Mohun, 
Earl  of  Somerset,  who,  in  granting  out  various  manors 
to  be  held  of  him  and  his  heirs  on  the  ordinary  terms 
of  feudal  service,  added  a  stipulation  that  the  respective 
tenants  should,  when  required,  assist  in  repairing  the 
walls  of  Dunster  Castle.  Reynold  de  Mohun  the 
Second,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Third, 
is  specifically  stated  by  the  chronicler  and  eulogist  of 
the  family,  more  than  a  century  later,  to  have  allowed 

*  See  page  6  above. 


GAIKWAY    OF    THK    LOWER    WAid), 
nUNSTER    CASTLE. 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  351 

his  tenants  to  compound  for  this  service  once  for  all 
by  a  pecuniary  fine,  and  to  have  applied  the  money 
so  received  to  new  buildings  in  the  Lower  Ward.  ^ 
Untrustworthy  as  this  writer  is  often  found,  his 
note  on  this  particular  subject  proves  to  be  correct. 
While  Reynold  de  Mohun  is  otherwise  known  to 
have  released  three  different  military  tenants  from 
their  obligation  to  repair  the  walls  of  his  stronghold, 
architectural  evidence  points  to  the  middle  of  the 
thirteenth  century  as  the  period  at  which  some  exist- 
ing parts  of  the  Castle  were  built.  To  Reynold  de 
Mohun  we  may  safely  ascribe  the  old  gateway  of  the 
Lower  Ward,  which  has  plain  chamfered  jambs,  and 
a  low  stiff  drop-arch.  It  shows  no  traces  of  any 
former  portcullis,  and  it  can  never  have  had  a  draw- 
bridge. On  either  side  is  a  semicircular  mural  tower, 
containing  on  the  ground  floor  a  vaulted  chamber 
with  the  usual  three  loops  for  cross-bowmen.  The 
upper  portions  of  both  these  towers  have  been  long 
since  demolished. 

About  sixty-six  feet  to  the  west  of  the  tower  on 
the  right,  and  connected  with  it  by  the  old  curtain 
wall,  there  are  remains  of  a  small  semicircular  tower, 
the  bottom  of  which  was  approximately  level  with 
the  first  floor  of  the  gateway,  by  reason  of  the  slope 
of  the  ground.  How  much  further  the  curtain  wall 
formerly  extended  westward  it  is  now  impossible  to 
say. 

There  was  certainly  one  other  tower  beyond, 
long  known  as  '  Dame  Hawis's  Tower,  '  and  clearly 
identical  with  the  '  Fleming  Tower, '  to  be  mentioned 

•  ^^  Qui  quidcmReginaldus fecit  infer-  necesseftierat,  remisit  concessionem  ad 

ioretn  castrum  de  Duuster,  et  plnribus  affirmandum  custrtim,  ut  dictum  est,  et 

tenentibiis  snis  qui  ieniici  unt  per  feodum  hoc  fecit  pro  iuferiori  castro  faciendo.  " 
militare  et  solebant  tierncllitare  in  su-  St.  Georj^e's  extracts  from  the  Mohun 

periori  castro,  affirmare  et  facere  cum  Chronicle. 


352  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

below.  Reynold  de  Mohun  had  married,  as  his  first 
wife,  an  heiress  in  Devonshire  named  Hawis  le 
Fleming,  and  this  tower,  which  was  a  building  of 
some  importance,  may  have  been  built  with  her 
money.  It  probably  stood  at  the  western  end  of  the 
Lower  Ward,  overlooking  the  vale  of  Avill,  not  far 
from  the  point  at  which  the  wall  began  to  turn 
southwards  and  upwards  in  order  to  join  the  older 
wall  of  the  Upper  Ward. 

The  range  of  buildings  erected  by  Reynold  de 
Mohun  for  his  own  occupation  was  at  the  opposite 
end  of  the  Lower  Ward,  on  the  left  of  the  gateway. 
Although  placed  by  him  on  the  edge  of  a  precipice 
almost  overhanging  the  river,  he  saw  fit  to  fortify  its 
southern  front  with  two  towers  projecting  from  a 
lofty  wall,  which  varies  in  thickness  from  4  ft.  8  in. 
to  6  ft.  Two  small  pointed  windows  of  his  time, 
belonging  to  a  closet,  still  remain.  While  the  western 
end  of  this  pile  was  partially  excavated  out  of  the 
native  rock,  there  was  at  the  eastern  end  a  basement 
on  a  lower  level,  the  ground  sloping  steeply  in  that 
direction.  Amid  all  the  changes  that  the  fabric  of 
Dunster  Castle  has  undergone  in  the  Jacobean,  the 
Georgian,  and  the  Victorian  periods,  the  walls  of 
Reynold  de  Mohun  can  still  be  distinguished  by  their 
great  thickness. 

In  the  agreement  made  between  Reynold  de  Mohun 
and  the  Benedictine  monks,  in  1254,  with  regard  to 
the  massess  to  be  said  for  the  soul  of  his  son  John,  a 
sharp  distinction  is  drawn  between  the  *  upper  ' 
chapel  of  St.  Stephen  in  Dunster  Castle  and  the 
'  lower  '  chapel  of  St.  Lawrence  in  the  Priory.  The 
former  is  known  to  have  stood  on  the  summit  of  the 
Tor,  within  the  original  castle,  while  the  latter  was 
an  adjunct  to  the  parochial  church. 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  353 

An  '  extent  '  of  Dunster  of  the  year  1266  gives  a 
clear  though  very  brief  description  of  the  Castle.  It 
states  that  the  Upper  Ward  comprised  a  hall  vv^ith  a 
buttery,  a  pantry,  a  kitchen  and  a  bakehouse  to  the 
south  of  it,  a  fair  chapel,  a  knights'  hall,  three  towers 
containing  various  rooms,  and  a  prison.  The  hall  is 
described  as  having  two  'posts,'  two  'couples'  and  two 
'  pignons  '  or  pinnacles.  The  Lower  Ward  comprised 
three  towers,  of  which  that  known  as  '  the  Fleming 
Tower  '  was  a  prison,  and  also  a  granary.  The 
gateway  must  evidently  have  been  reckoned  as  one 
'  tower  '  and  the  irregular  pile  at  the  end  of  the 
Lower  Ward  must  have  been  reckoned  as  another. 
The  cow-house  and  the  stable,  with  accommodation 
for  a  hundred  beasts,  the  dovecot,  and  the  dairy  lay 
outside  the  Castle,  far  below,  near  the  river.  ^ 

In  1284,  when  the  heir  of  Dunster  was  under  age, 
an  enquiry  was  held  by  royal  authority  as  to  the 
repairs  recently  made  to  the  Castle  by  John  de  Vescy, 
and  the  repairs  that  were  still  necessary.  The  report 
gives  the  names  of  various  buildings,  but  conveys 
very  little  information  as  to  their  relative  situations. 
Thus  we  read  of  "  the  oriel  over  the  gate  ....  the 
bakehouse  over  the  oven  ....  a  garderobe  near  the 
bakehouse  ....  the  tower  near  the  said  bakehouse  .  . 
. .  another  tower  called  the  Fleming  Tower  ....  the 
tower  near  the  gate  ....  the  new  tower  over  the  great 
chamber  ....  the  children's  chamber  ....  the  great 
hall,  the  saucery  (salsarid)^  the  kitchen  and  a  certain 
chamber  between  the  same  ....  the  chapel  ....  a 
certain  knights'  chamber  and  armoury  [quadam  camera 
militum  et  domo  ad  armd)  ....  the  lord's  chamber  .  . 
.  .  the  oriel  of  the  same  chamber  ....  the  bell-turret 
(campanario)  ....   the  great  knights'  chamber  (magna 

'  Mohun  Cartulary. 


354  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

camera  militum)  "  and  various  embattled  turrets.  While 
the  towers  and  certain  buildings  were  roofed  with 
lead,  the  hall  and  others  were  to  be  covered  with 
wooden  shingles  (cindulis). 

There  are  no  documentary  allusions  to  the  fabric 
of  Dunster  Castle  in  the  fourteenth  century.  One  of 
the  later  Mohuns  seems,  however,  to  have  lengthened 
the  principal  building  of  the  Lower  Ward  by  adding 
a  tower  and  some  rooms  at  the  western  end  of  it,  on 
a  narrow  strip  of  ground  close  under  the  eastern  end 
of  the  Upper  Ward. 

The  accounts  of  the  first  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  contain 
many  references  to  his  castle.  The  following  occur 
in  1406  : — 

"  In  a  key  bought  for  the  door  of  the  tower  over  the  gate, 
id.  In  hinges  (jemeux),  '  staples,  haspes, '  and  a  *  bolte  ' 
of  iron  for  the  deal  (sappis)  placed  in  the  gate,  iid.  In  a 
lock  (cera)y  a  key,  a  *  haspe '  and  a  staple  (stapulo)y  bought 
for  the  tower  towards  the  west  in  *  le  Dongeon  '  8*^.  In  a 
lock  and  a  key  bought  for  the  door  of  the  closet  {latrine)  at 
the  end  of  the  hall,  6d.  " 

"  In  paid  for  two  bushels  of  lime  (calcis)  bought,  2d.  In 
a  hundred  'lathnailles  '  bought,  ^d.  In  a  workman  cover- 
ing the  slope  (penticium)  of  the  tower  over  the  angle  of  the 
*■  Dongeon  '  towards  the  west,  for  two  days,  ^d.  In  a  car- 
penter making  the  said  slope  for  three  days,  6d.  " 

"  For  three  *  hordes  '  of  '  pipler  '  bought  for  the  garde- 
robe  of  my  lord,  2j.  " 

"  In  paid  to  two  *  masones '  working  on  the  chapel  in 
*  le  Dongeon  '  for  nine  days  and  a  half,  at  2d.  apiece  by 
the  day,  35.  2d.  In  paid  to  three  workmen  carrying  earth 
for  the  same,  at  i^d.  apiece  by  the  day,  for  one  day,  ()d.  In 
paid  for  two  quarters  of  lime  bought  at  Wachet,  together 
with  2d.  for  the  carriage  of  the  same,  i8d'.  Also,  on  the 
same  day,  in  paid  to  a  carpenter  for  fourteen  days  and  two 

'  Miscellanea  (Chancery),  Bundle  3,      salle  cies  chevaliers  of  French  castles, 
No.  21  (5-7).  and  the  ritter  saal  of  German  castles 

The  camera  nnliliim  seems  to  be  the 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  355 

carpenters  for  two  days,  at  ^d.  apiece  by  the  day,  working 

*  cippes,  hordes,  tresteles, '  and  windows  and  doors  in  the 
upper  and  the  lower  castle.  Also  on  the  same  day,  in  two 
hundred  nails  (clavis)  at  4^.  ;  in  a  hundred  and  fifty  nails 
at  6d.  ;  in  a  hundred  nails  at  6^.,  i6d.  In  twenty-two 
pounds  of  iron  wrought  in  '  twystes,  hokes, '  and  other 
necessaries,  at  \^d.  the  pound,  is.  9^.  " 

"  In  a  new  lock  with  two  keys,  and  the  mending  of  the 
locks  of  the  doors  of  the  pantry,  the  kitchen,  and  the  oats'- 
house  (avenar)j  lod.  Also  the  same  day,  in  paid  for 
cleansing  the  house  within  the  gates,  full  of  filth,  4^.  " 

"  In  paid  to  John  Corbet,  smith,   for  a   '  wexpan,  '  two 

*  wexirens,  '  a  '  wexknyfe, '  an  *  iren  rake,  '  a  '  pikeys,  ' 
a  *  matok, '  thirty-six  '  hoques  '  for  hanging  bacons  in  the 
kitchen,  two  '  twistez '  for  the  door  in  the  tower  over  the 
angle  of  the  *  Dongeon, '  and  little  bars  for  the  glass  windows 
in  the  hall,  6s.  Sd.  Also  on  the  same  day,  in  paid  to  a  glazier 
making  glass  windows  in  the  hall  and  my  lord's  chambers, 
at  2d.  by  the  day,  for  twenty-one  days,  3J.  6d.  Also  on  the 
same  day,  in  paid  for  two  '  hoques  '  and  two  hinges  (jemeux) 
for  the  shutters  (foliis)  of  the  glass  windows  at  the  end  of 
the  hall,  id.  Also  on  the  same  day,  in  paid  to  two  carpenters 
fashioning  chests  by  order  of  my  lady  and  also  *  lez  rakkes ' 
in  the  gate,  for  six  days,  at  2d.  apiece  by  the  day,  2s.  And 
in  two  hundred  nails  for  the  same  chests,  is.  In  three 
hinges  for  the  same,  ^d.  In  two  hooks  (hamis)  and  three 
great  nails  for  the  said  *  rekkis,  '  2d.  In  a  new  padlock 
(cera  pendenti)  and  the  mending  of  another,  4^d.  Also  on 
the  same  day,  in  paid  for  the  making  of  an  earthen  wall  below 
(infra)  the  tower  over  the  gate,  2d.  And  for  the  making  of 
a  door  with  a  *  lacche  '  in  the  same,  3^. " 

The  following  payments  were  made  in  141 6: — 

"  In  four  thousand  pounds  of  lead,  at  55.  6d.  by  the 
hundred,  11/.  In  the  carriage  of  the  said  lead  from  Wellys 
to  Dunster,  8j.     In  expenses  for  buying  the  said  lead,  2s.  " 

"In  *  hordes  '  and  *  nailles  '  bought  for  the  covering  of 
the  towers  in  the  Castle,  2'T^d.  In  nine  pounds  and  a  halt  of 
solder  (soldura)  bought,  i^^d.  In  the  salary  of  a  plumber 
for  four  weeks,  loj.  " 


356  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

In  addition  to  this  salary  the  plumber  received 
1 4^.  a  week  for  food,  and  presumably  free  lodging  in 
the  Castle. 

The  accounts  for  141 7  show  the  following  pay- 
ments : — 

"  To  a  carpenter  on  the  repair  of  the  gates  of  the  Lower 
Castle,  for  seven  days  at  3^.  by  the  day,  iid.  Also  in  iron 
work  for  the  same  gates,  viz.  eighty-seven  pounds  at  i^d.  by 
the  pound,  in  nails,  plates,  and  bands  (vinculis)^  9 J.  \d.  Also 
in  little  nails  (clavis)  bought,  with  a  key  (clavi)  for  the  door 
of  the  chamber  of  J.  Bacwell,  ^d.  Also  in  a  key  for  the 
chamber  of  the  garderobe  and  in  a  key  for  the  door  of  the 
barn  in  the  barton  of  Dounsterr,  /\.d. " 

"  In  four  hooks  for  the  door  of  the  chapel  in  the  hall  id. 
Also  in  the  repair  of  two  iron  bands  (vinculorum)  with  the 
nails  necessary  for  the  same  for  the  principal  gate  in  '  le 
Dongeon, '  4^.  Also  in  the  cutting  of  a  wicket  (valve)  in 
the  same  gate,  3^.  Also  in  iron  hinges  (geminis)  for  the 
same  wicket  with  the  nails  necessary,  /\.d.  Also  in  a  *  hag- 
odeday  '  with  a  *  lacche  '  for  the  same  wicket,  3<^.  Also  in  a 
mason  (muratore)  making  a  chimney  (caminum)  in  the 
porter's  lodge  (domo  janitoris)  for  five  and  a  half  days,  iid. 
Also  in  the  carriage  of  a  stone  for  the  key-stone  (clavi)  of 
the  said  chimney  given  by  the  Prior  of  Dunsterre,  id.  Also 
in  the  repair  of  two  locks  on  the  chamber  of  the  outer  gate 
of  the  Castle,  with  a  key  for  the  bakehouse,  5^^.  Also  in 
plates  [and]  nails  with  a  knocker  (martella)  on  the  inner 
gate  of  the  Castle,  weighing  \Q\lh.  at  \\d.  by  the  lb.  \os.  lod. 
Also  in  the  expenses  of  a  '  mason  '  coming  from  Brigewater 
to  see  my  lord's  hall  in  the  Castle  which  is  to  be  rebuilt, 
3J.  U.  " 

The  gates  of  the  Lower  Castle  mentioned  above 
may  perhaps  be  those  which  still  hang  under  the 
archway  of  Reynold  de  Mohun.  Their  framework 
is  a  massive  grating  of  oaken  bars  four  inches  thick, 
four  inches  and  a  half  wide,  and  four  inches  and  a 
half  apart,  covered  on  the  outside  with  vertical  bands 
of  the  same  material  an  inch  and  a  half  thick.   These 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  357 

planks  are  held  together  by  external  iron  bands,  spiked 
to  the  internal  bars  of  oak  by  great  nails  with  diamond- 
shaped  heads.  In  the  right  valve  there  is  a  wicket 
four  feet  four  inches  high  by  two  feet  one  inch  broad, 
fastened  with  a  huge  iron  lock  in  a  wooden  shell. 

The  accounts  for  141 8  show  the  following  char- 
ges :— 

"  In  a  tiler  (coopertore)  for  two  day's  at  my  lord's  board 
(mensam)  for  the  bakehouse,  4^.  In  a  mason  (lathamo) 
for  five  days  at  my  lord's  board  for  certain  chambers  to  be 
mended  in  the  Castle,  lod.  In  a  lock  of  the  outer  gate  of 
the  Castle  repaired,  i^d.  " 

In  1 42 1,  there  was  a  payment  "to  Thomas  Pac- 
chehole  for  making  '  reckis  '  and  '  mangers  '  in  my 
lord's  stable, "  which  was  apparently  below  the  Castle 
on  the  north  side. 

The  following  payments  are  recorded  in  1426  :  — 

"  For  *  twystys,  '  '  yemeaux, '  and  nails  bought  of  Hugh 
Lokyer  for  the  screen  (le  spere)  and  a  new  door  in  my 
lord's  hall,  y.  lod.  And  to  John  Burgh  for  two  carriages 
of  timber  from  Me  lymekyll'  to  the  Castle  for  the  said  screen 
(le  dit  spere)  in  my  lord's  hall,  id....  In  a  thousand  tile-pins 
(pynnys  teguUnis)  bought,  3^....  In  two  thousand  tile-stones 
(petris  tegulinis)  bought  of  Henry  Helyer,  lod.  In  the 
carriage  of  the  said  stones  from  Treburgh  to  Dunster  Castle, 
3 J.  4^....  In  paid  to  John  Eylysworthi,  tiler  (tegulatori) 
there  hired  to  repair  my  lord's  chamber  and  the  constable's 
chamber,  for  three  days  at  my  lord's  board  (repastum)^<)d.... 
In  a  great  key  bought  of  Hugh  Lokyer  and  in  the  mending 

of  a  lock  for  '  Damhawys  Towre',  ^d. In  John  Bowman 

hired  for  a  day  to  cleanse  '  Damhawys  Toure,  '  at  my  lord's 

board  (sibum)^  id Also  to  Thomas  Pacheholl  with  his 

man  (famulo)  there  hired  for  a  day  and  a  half  to  make  three 
*  gestys  '  anew  in  the  keep  (castello)  by  *  le  Portcoleys,  '  at 
my  lord's  board,  yj^.  In  nails  bought  for  mending  '  le 
store  hous  '  in  the  keep  (castello)  in  which  my  lord's  armour 
is   placed,    id In   two   carriages  of  timber   from  '  le 


358  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

Fysspole  in  le  Hanger,'  towards  my  lord's  said  stable,  without 

board,  id In  ten  thousand  tile-stones  (petris  tegulinis) 

bought  for  my  lord's  store,  that  came  from  Cornwall  to  the 
Haven  (portum)  of  Dunsterre,  at  2J.  '-jd.  by  the  thousand, 
sum  total,  25J.  lod.  In  carrying  the  aforesaid  stones  (lapi- 
dibus)  from  the  ship  to  '  le  slymvat, '  4^.  " 

The  following  entries  occur  in  1427  : — 

"  Thomas  [Pachehole]  was  hired  there  to  make  Me  enter- 
clos  '  and  *  hachys  '  between  my  lord's  hall  and  the  chapel 
there,  for  two  weeks   at  my  lord's  board,  receiving  i^d.  by 

the  week,  35 In  paid  to  Thomas  Smyth  for  six   pairs 

of  hinges  (yemeaux)  for  *  lez  hacchys  '  in  the  chapel  there, 

2 J Also   paid  to   John  Myryman   of  Wylyton   for 

two  mantelpieces  (lapydibus  clavelT )  bought  of  him  for  two 

chimneys  to  be  newly  made  in  the  keep  (castello)^  y 

Thomas  PachehoU  was  hired  by  order  of  Thomas  Bemont 
at  the  keep  (castellum)  for  pulling  down  the  old  kitchen  in 

*  le  Donyon  '  for  a  week  at  my  lord's  board,  18^ And 

Thomas  Pachehole  was  hired  there  to  make  a  '  whelberwe, ' 
for  a  day  at  my  lord's  board,  3^.  " 

Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  not  content  with  maintaining 
the  old  castle  of  the  Mohuns,  resolved  to  make  a 
material  addition  to  it,  more  for  comfort  than  for 
defence.  His  receiver's  account  for  1420  has  a 
separate  section  as  follows  : — 

"  The  new  building  in  my  lord's  castle.  In  divers  work- 
men hired  for  pulling  down  old  walls,  both  a  part  of  the 
walls  of  the  hall  and  a  part  of  the  wall  of  the  Castle,  and 
laying  the  foundation  of  the  new  building  close  to  the  said 
hall,  and  for  removing  to  a  distance  the  old  timber  of  the 
hall  when  pulled  down,  and  for  hauling  great  stones  and 
carrying  the  said  stones,  with  sand  and  timber,  together  with 
the  purchase  of  free  stone  at  Bristol  and  the  carriage  of  the 
same  by  sea  and  lastly  by  land,  and  the  carriage  of  water, 
and  for  making  *  hurdelles,  '  together  with  the  purchase  of 
ropes,  cords,  and  divers  other  necessaries  for  the  work,  and 
likewise  in  the  hire  of  men  for  burning  lime  in  the  pit  near 
the   Castle,  with  the   making  of  the  same  pit,  and  coal  and 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  359 

fuel  bought  for  the  same,  with  the  shoeing  of  my  lord's 
horses  and  oxen  for  carriage,  and  making  and  repairing 
divers  iron  implements,  to  wit  ^crowes,  mattokkes,  pycoyses, 
wegges,  spades  '  and  'schovylles'  and  'sleigges,'  all  reckoned 
together,  as  appears  in  a  paper  made  thereupon  and  examin- 
ed at  the  audit  (super  compotum)^  45/.  15J.  lod.  In  2379/^. 
of  iron  bought  and  wrought,  that  is  to  say  for  hinges 
(gumphis),  '  kacchers '  for  '  lacchis  '  for  doors  and  windows, 
and  also  for  putting  ironwork  in  the  lights  (illuminaribus)  of 
the  windows,  14/.  lyj.  4!^.  In  141  quarters,  4  bushels  of 
lime  bought,  at  8^.  for  the  quarter,  4/.  14J.  4^.  Also  paid 
to  Thomas  Hydon,  mason  (latamo)  for  making  walls,  in  part 
payment  of  a  greater  amount,  11/.  Also  paid  to  William 
Boulond,  free-stone  mason  (sementario  liherarum  petrarum) 
beyond  \oos.  received  by  him  last  year  from  Thomas  Hody, 
as  appears  in  the  account  of  the  same  Thomas  Hody,  in  part 
payment  of  a  greater  amount,  20/.  Also  paid  to  Thomas 
Pacchehole,  carpenter,  beyond  6oj.  received  last  year  from 
Thomas  Hody,  in  part  payment  of  a  greater  amount,  ^os. 
in  13  quarters  of  coal  bought  wholesale  for  burning  lime. 
Total,  98/.  IS.  io\d.  " 

There  were  further  payments  of  the  same  nature 
in  the  four  follov^ing  years,  and  in  1424,  Thomas 
Pacchole,  the  carpenter,  v^as  boarded  at  the  Castle  for 
nineteen  weeks  with  an  assistant  or  two,  and  Thomas 
Hydon  the  '  mason,  '  for  eleven  weeks,  also  with  an 
assistant.  Irrespectively  of  them,  the  total  cost  in 
the  five  years  amounted  to  about  252/.  ^ 

Sir  Hugh  Luttrell's  '  new  building  '  was  a  Gate- 
house, spanning  the  approach  from  the  town  and 
situated  without  the  enceinte  of  the  older  castle.  In 
order  to  erect  it  in  the  position  selected,  he  had  to 
pull  down  part  of  the  curtain-wall  and  to  close  at 
least  two  of  the  loops  in  the  semi-circular  tower  on 
the  right  of  the  gateway  leading  into  the  Lower 
Ward.     The  Gatehouse  as  built  by  him  was  divided 

'  D.C.M,  I.  17. 


360  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

into  distinct  sections  by  a  transverse  wall  reaching 
from  the  ground  to  the  roof,  and  it  does  not  appear 
that  there  was  any  internal  communication  between 
them.  The  lower  part  of  the  eastern  section  is  pierc- 
ed by  a  passage  open  to  the  air,  loft.  6in.  broad,  with 
a  plain  wagon  vault  and  at  each  end  a  pointed  arch. 
There  can  never  have  been  a  portcullis,  but  there 
was  formerly  a  pair  of  large  gates  adjoining  the  outer, 
or  lower,  arch,  which  has  moulded  jambs  continued 
round  the  head.  Close  to  the  inner,  or  southern, 
arch,  there  is  a  small  pointed  doorway  giving  access 
to  a  room  and  also  to  a  spiral  staircase  leading  to  a 
larger  room  on  the  first  floor,  to  a  similar  room  on  the 
second  floor,  and  lastly  to  the  roof.  In  the  western 
section  there  were  three  rooms  on  as  many  floors,  con- 
nected with  each  other  and  with  older  buildings 
behind  by  a  spiral  staircase.  The  two  upper  rooms 
in  this  section  were  rather  lower  down  than  those  on 
the  other  side  of  the  transverse  wall.  Each  of  the  six 
rooms  in  the  Gatehouse  had  a  simple  fireplace  and  a 
small,  dark  closet.  Such  of  the  original  windows  as 
remain  are  square-headed  but  cusped,  and  in  some 
cases  divided  by  mullions  and  transoms. 

The  accounts  rendered  to  Sir  John  Luttrell  contain 
a  few  references  to  the  fabric  of  Dunster  Castle. 
Thus  in  1428  : — 

"  To  John  Eylesworthe,  tiler  (tegulatori),  hired  for  three 
and  a  half  days  to  roof  the  chamber  over  the  gate  near  my 
lord's  stable,  at  my  lord's  board,  receiving  3^.  by  the  day, 

lo^d. Also  in  the  wages  of  John  Eylesworthe,  tiler, 

hired  to  plaster  (sementanda)  the  house  by  the  outer  gate 
of  the  Castle,  in  order  that  salt  might  be  put  therein,  for  a 
day  and  a  half  at  my  lord's  board,  receiving  3<^.  by  the 
day,  4j^.  " 

The  following  charges  occur  in  1430  : — 


tvfl>.o,.ii t,t. s,i.        o^UTis-c^ji   cnBx>ite[ -:|f 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  361 

"To  John  Joce  hired  to  gather   stones  on  Croudon  for 
*les  botreaux '  by  the  gate  of"  Dunsterre  Castle,  for  one  day 

at  my  lord's  board,   id To  John   Stone  of  Wotton, 

'  mason, '  hired  to  make  two  *  botreaux  '  by  the  gate  of  the 
Castle,  at  my  lord's  board  for  two  weeks,  receiving  i  '^d.  by 
the  week,  y.  And  paid  to  John  Thresshe  of  Wotton, 
*  mason,  '  hired  to  work  with  the  said  John  Stone  at  the 
aforesaid  'botriaux'  for  two  weeks,  receiving  i4<3'.  by  the 
week,  2 J.  \d.  And  paid  to  John  Joce,  hired  to  wait  upon 
John  Stone  and  John  Thresshe,  the  aforesaid  *  masons, '  for 
two  weeks,  receiving  by  the  week  \id.^  at  my  lord's  board, 
22^.  And  paid  to  John  Burgh,  hired  with  his  cart  and  four 
horses  to  carry  stones  from  *  la  Hangre  '  to  the  gate  of  the 
Castle  for  making  the  aforesaid  '  botriaux  '  for  one  day  at  my 
lord's  board,  receiving  12^.  by  the  day,  \id.  " 

The  tv^o  buttresses  mentioned  were  presumably 
those  which  still  help  to  support  the  eastern  end  of 
Sir  Hugh  Luttrell's  gatehouse.  After  the  death  of 
Sir  John  Luttrell  in  1430,  a  third  of  Dunster  Castle 
was  assigned  to  his  relict  as  part  of  her  dower.  At 
an  earlier  and  less  peaceful  period,  military  consider- 
ations would  have  prevented  such  a  division  of  a 
fortified  castle,  while  lawyers  would  have  protested 
that  no  widow  could  claim  dower  in  a  place  that  was 
the  nucleus  of  a  feudal  Honour.  Lady  Luttrell's  third 
thereof  is  very  minutely  specified,  as  follows  : — 

"  Two  gates  at  the  entrance  of  the  same  castle  of  Dunster, 
together  with  all  buildings  situate  over  the  said  two  gates, 
together  with  a  certain  old  kitchen  immediately  adjoining 
the  said  buildings,  and  also  a  certain  tower  nearest  to  the 
said  two  gates  on  the  western  side  of  the  same,  and  a  certain 
garden  lying  between  the  said  tower  and  a  certain  other 
tower  called  '  Hayveystoure,  '  to  hold  to  the  same  Margaret 
as  a  third  part  of  the  aforesaid  castle  of  Dunster,  saving, 
however,  to  the  heir  of  the  aforesaid  John  Luttrell,  or  to 
whosoever  shall  for  the  time  have  two  parts  of  the  aforesaid 
castle,  free  entry  and  egress  to  the  said  two  parts  of  the 
castle  whenever  necessary  or  expedient. 


u 


362  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  xi. 

Lady  Luttrell  also  received  for  her  life,  as  before: — 
"  Three  acres  of  pasture  and  an  acre  of  wood  around  *  le 
Castel  Torre,  '  which  three  acres  of  pasture  lie  next  on  the 
western  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  aforesaid  castle  of  Dun- 
ster,  and  the  aforesaid  acre  of  wood  lies  on  the  eastern  side 
of  the  same  castle  at  the  northern  end  of  the  wood  there 
growing,  with  free  entry  and  egress  over  '  le  Castel  Torre  ' 
aforesaid  to  the  said  acre  of  wood  whensoever  expedient  to 
the  same  Margaret.  "  ^ 

Very  little  explanation  is  necessary.  The  two  gates 
mentioned  are  clearly  the  gateway  giving  access  to  the 
Lower  Ward,  and  the  Gatehouse,  or  '  new  building, ' 
of  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  just  below  it.  The  kitchen  was 
in  the  Lower  Ward,  near  a  hall  previously  mentioned, 
and  the  first  tower  mentioned  was  that  of  which 
some  part  still  remains,  projecting  northward  from 
the  curtain  wall.  '  Hayveystoure '  situate  further 
to  the  west  was  the  '  Dame  Hawis's  Tower, '  or 
the  '  Fleming  Tower,'  of  earlier  records.  The  pasture 
assigned  to  Lady  Luttrell  was  more  suitable  for  goats 
or  sheep  than  for  cattle,  as  it  was  on  a  steep,  narrow 
strip  of  ground  between  the  outer  wall  of  the  Castle 
and  the  back-yards  of  the  townsmen  living  in  West 
Street  below.  The  outlying  acre  of  wood  must  have 
been  on  the  precipitous  side  of  the  Tor  overhanging 
the  river  and  difficult  of  access.  Her  four  acres 
constituted  a  third  of  twelve  acres  known  as  '  Castel- 
dichepasture,  '  a  name  which  suggests  that  there  was 
an  artificial  ditch  round  part  of  the  Tor  below  the 
curtain  wall.  The  moat  of  Dunster  Castle  is  men- 
tioned in  1 318,  and  in  1381,  a  certain  William 
Garland  was  admitted  tenant  for  life  of  a  burgage  in 
'  la  Baleye,  '  between  the  ditch  and  the  king's  high- 
way, and  consequently  on  the  north  side  of  it.  ^ 

'  Inq.  post  mortem.  9  Hen.  VI.  no.  51.      de  su  e  le  ewe  que  court  vers  Daiyns- 
'  Lease  of  a  curtilage  "de  souz  la       brigge  en  part  de  nortz, "  D.C.M.  viii. 
mote  du  chaztel  de  Dunsterre  en  part      2;  ix.  5. 


THE   GATKHOLSK 
DUNSTKR    CASTl.i:. 


FROM     P.KI.dW, 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER. 


363 


Little  or  nothing  is  known  about  the  condition  of 
the  Castle  and  its  immediate  surroundings  for  a  con- 
siderable period  after  the  death  of  Sir  John  Luttrell. 
It  may,  however,  be  taken  for  granted  that  the  Her- 


berts did  not  spend  an  unnecessary  penny  upon  the 
the  place  during  their  temporary  occupation  of  it. 
After  the  restoration  of  the  Luttrells  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Seventh,  Sir  Hugh,  the  second  of  that 
name,  and  Sir  Andrew,  his  son,  are  stated  to  have 
accomplished  some  work  there.  John  Leland,  who 
visited  West  Somerset  in  1 542,  writes  : — 


364  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

"  The  Moions  buildid  the  right  goodly  and  stronge 
Castelle  of  Dunestorre. 

"  The  Dungeon  of  the  Castelle  of  Dunestorre  hath  beene 
fulle  of  goodly  building  ;  but  now  there  is  but  only  a  cha- 
pelle  in  good  case.  Sir  Hugh  Luterelle  did  of  late  dayes 
repaire  this  chapelle. 

"  The  fairest  part  of  the  Castelle  welle  maintenid  is  yn 
the  north  est  of  the  court  of  it. 

"  Syr  Hugh  Luterelle  in  the  tyme  of  Dame  Margarete 
his  wife,  sister  to  the  olde  Lord  Dalbeney,  made  a  fair 
tourre  by  north  cummying  into  the  castelle.  " 

"  Syr  Andrew  Luterelle,  sunne  to  Sir  Hugh,  buildid  of 
new  a  pece  of  the  castel  waul  by  est.  "  ^ 

The  writer  thus  ascribes  to  the  second  Sir  Hugh  the 
Gatehouse  which  had  been  erected  by  the  first  Sir 
Hugh,  but  his  confusion  of  them  is  pardonable  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  the  latest  of  the  sculptured 
shields  on  a  panel  over  the  entrance  of  that  gateway 
commemorates  the  marriage  of  the  second  Sir  Hugh 
with  the  half-sister  of  Lord  Daubeny. 

In  other  respects  his  accuracy  appears  unquestion- 
able. He  implies  that  the  chapel,  which  is  known  to 
have  been  dedicated  to  St.  Stephen  in  1254  or  earlier, 
was  the  most  important  of  several  different  buildings 
in  the  Dungeon,  or  Upper  Ward,  and  we  find  that  the 
summit  of  the  Castle  Tor  was  known  as  '  Mount 
Stephen's'  in  the  seventeenth  century  and '  St. Stephen's' 
in  the  eighteenth.  The  piece  of  wall  which  Sir 
Andrew  Luttrell  is  stated  by  Leland  to  have  built 
cannot  now  be  identified.  Perhaps  it  connected  the 
outer  end  of  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell's  gatehouse  with  the 
north-eastern  angle  of  the  inhabited  castle,  thus 
enclosing  a  triangular  piece  of  ground  outside  the 
old  enceinte. 

The  next  reference  to  the  fabric  of  Dunster  Castle 
occurs    in    1556,   when,   by    an    agreement    between 

'  Itinerary  {1907),  p.  166. 


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CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  365 

Thomas  Luttrell  and  Robert  Opy,  the  latter  was 
allowed  to  retain  for  a  short  time  "  the  hall,  parlor, 
kichyn,  and  every  rome  within  the  same  pyle  called 
the  Inner  Pyle,  or  Lodginges,  of  the  said  Castell  and 
the  stables,  the  grist-mill  of  Dunster  aforesaid,  and 
the  fedinge  and  pasturinge  of  tenne  rother  beasts  or 
kyne  and  three  geldings  in  the  Hanger,  or  Park,  of 
Dunster.  "  ^ 

George  Luttrell,  the  first  of  that  name,  may  from 
some  points  of  view  be  regarded  as  the  creator  of  the 
existing  Castle.  Dissatisfied  with  the  irregular  medi- 
eval buildings  which  he  found  at  the  eastern  end 
of  the  Lower  Ward,  he  set  himself  to  convert  them 
into  a  mansion  suitable  to  the  requirements  of  a 
more  luxurious  age.  Retaining  at  least  two  project- 
ing towers  and  the  thick  outer  walls  on  three  sides, 
he  inserted  in  the  latter  a  series  of  square-headed 
windows,  each  divided  by  a  mullion  and  a  transom 
into  four  oblong  lights.  Furthermore  he  entirely 
reconstructed  the  fa9ade,  giving  to  it  as  symmetrical 
an  appearance  as  circumstances  would  allow.  All  his 
external  masonry  is  laid  in  regular  courses  of  red 
stone  with  quoins  of  a  lighter  colour.  Within  the 
Castle,  his  walls  may  be  recognised  as  being  thinner 
than  those  of  the  thirteenth  century  and  thicker  than 
those  of  the  eighteenth.  Owing  to  the  slope  of  the 
ground  and  perhaps  also  to  earlier  arrangements,  he 
found  it  difficult  to  establish  uniform  levels  throughout 
the  mansion,  and  so  divided  it  into  two  sections,  each 
comprising  three  storeys,  the  floors  of  the  rooms  in 
the  southern  section  being  several  feet  higher  than 
those  of  the  rooms  on  the  northern  side  of  the  trans- 
verse wall.  To  him  may  certainly  be  attributed  the 
ornamental  plaster  ceiling  of  the  Hall,  the  frieze  of  the 

'  D.C.M.  XIV.  5. 


366  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

Gallery,  the  balusters  of  part  of  the  smaller  staircase, 
and  at  least  two  architraves  within  the  existing  fabric. 
Although  the  date  '  1 589 '  is  to  be  seen  under  a  large 
coat  of  arms  in  the  Hall,  and  an  iron  fire-back  there 
bears  the  arms  and  initials  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  the 
remodelling  of  the  Castle  was  not  completed  until 
thirty  years  later.  In  October  1617,  George  Lut- 
trell  entered  into  an  agreement  with  William  Arnold 
of  Charlton  Musgrove,  gentleman,  who  was  reput- 
ed to  have  had  "  great  experience  in  architecture,  " 
with  regard  to  "  a  house  or  parcell  of  building  to  be 
sett  up  and  built  within  the  castle  of  Dunster. " 
Arnold  was  to  supply  a  '  plot, '  or  plan,  and  an 
'  upright, '  or  elevation,  of  the  projected  edifice,  and 
to  oversee  the  work  until  the  completion  of  the  roof. 
Luttrell  was  to  pay  him  40/.  in  instalments  for  his 
pains,  to  defray  his  travelling  expenses,  and  to  give  him 
a  beneficial  lease  of  lands  called  Burchams,  the  Holl- 
ingborrowes,  andLyncroft,  situate  in  the  north-western 
part  of  Dunster.  Many  persons  less  litigious  than 
George  Luttrell  have  been  known  to  quarrel  with 
their  architects,  and  it  is  not  surprising  to  find  that, 
within  two  years,  Arnold  had  to  apply  to  the  Court 
of  Chancery  to  enforce  the  settlement  of  his  claim. 
For  the  defence  it  was  contended  that  he  had  substi- 
tuted a  fresh  plan  for  that  originally  approved,  and 
that  the  building  actually  in  course  of  erection  did 
not  agree  with  either.  It  was  also  stated  that  there 
had  been  a  great  waste  of  good  material,  that  the  work 
had  been  unduly  protracted  and  imperfectly  done,  and 
that  the  cost,  which  had  been  estimated  at  462/.,  was 
likely  to  amount  to  1200/.^  An  allusion  to  stairs 
leading  from  the  new  building  into  the  new  cellar, 
and   another    allusion    to  a   pre-existing    back  wall, 

'  Clianccry  Proceedings,  series  ii,  bundle  299,  no.  307. 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  367 

seem  to  show  that  Arnold's  addition  to  the  Castle 
comprised  the  central  portion  of  the  main  fa9ade. 
An  overmantel  in  the  principal  room  leading  out  of 
the  Gallery,  removed  from  the  room  on  the  first  floor 
now  demolished,  bears  the  date  '  1620.  ' 

Dunster  Castle  suffered  some  injury  during  the 
siege  of  1 645  and  1 646,  and  it  certainly  lost  much  of 
its  medieval  character  in  1650,  when  three  hundred 
men  were  employed  to  dismantle  its  fortifications. 
The  chapel  of  St.  Stephen  and  other  ancient  buildings 
on  the  summit  of  the  Tor  were  then  totally  demol- 
ished, while  the  Lower  Ward  was  laid  open  by  pulling 
down  at  least  two  towers  and  all  the  curtain  wall  on 
the  western  side.  Prynne  also  records  the  destruction 
of  '  a  fair  new  building',  which  cannot  be  located. 

There  is  no  documentary  evidence  as  to  the  date 
of  the  extensive  stables  belonging  to  the  Luttrell 
family  which  stand  below  the  Gatehouse, at  the  corner 
of  the  Bailey,  afterwards  called  Castle  Street.  In  an 
exposed  position  just  without  the  enceinte  of  the  Castle, 
they  can  hardly  have  escaped  considerable  damage  in 
the  course  of  the  long  siege:  their  roof  must  have  been 
renewed  once  or  twice  since  then.  The  muUions  of 
the  windows  are  of  wood.  The  chief  interest  of  the 
stables  is,  however,  in  the  interior,  where  there  are  now 
twenty-eight  stalls,  exhibiting  three  varieties  of  design, 
but  all  apparently  erected  in  the  first  half  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.  Untouched  by  any  modern  'restorer,' 
they  merit  the  careful  examination  of  architects. 

Colonel  Francis  Luttrell  and  Mary  his  wife  made 
some  internal  changes  at  the  Castle  in  the  sumptuous 
style  of  their  time.  To  them  is  due  the  elaborate 
plaster  ceiling  of  the  Parlour,  divided  into  panels  and 
enriched  with  raised  foliage  and  figures  in  circular 
medallions.     The  continuity  of  the  garlands  of  flow- 


368  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

ers  along  the  frieze  is  broken  by  two  shields  of 
the  arms  of  Luttrell  impaling  those  of  Tregonwell, 
and  a  separate  crest,  which,  curiously  enough,  is  that 
of  Tregonwell.  ^  The  work  may  have  been  done 
under  the  direction  of  the  lady  and  with  money 
provided  by  her,  for  she  was  a  considerable  heiress. 
It  bears  the  date  "  Anno  Dommini  {sic)  Christi 
MDCLxxxi.  "  To  the  same  period  must  be  as- 
cribed the  former  architraves  of  the  two  doorways  in 
the  Parlour  richly  carved  in  oak,  the  one  giving  access 
to  the  Hall  and  the  other  to  a  small  room  which  is 
described  in  1690,  in  1705  and  in  1741,  as  "the 
Withdrawing  Room,  "  and  in  1781  as  "the  Library." 
This  room  has  an  ornamented  ceiling  similar  in  char- 
acter to  that  of  the  adjoining  Parlour,  now  the  Dining 
Room,  and  obviously  executed  at  the  same  time. 

The  Great  Staircase,  which  is  the  chief  architect- 
ural glory  of  Dunster  Castle  dates  also  from  the  reign 
of  Charles  the  Second.  It  may  perhaps  occupy  the 
site  of  a  staircase  of  the  previous  century.  Although 
fitted  into  a  medieval  tower  with  a  rounded  exterior, 
it  is  rectangular  in  plan,  the  ornamental  plaster  ceiling 
being  an  oblong,  similar  in  character  to  that  of 
the  Parlour,  but  somewhat  severer  in  design.  The 
general  scheme  of  this  staircase  and  some  of  the 
details  may  be  compared  with  those  of  the  stair- 
case at  Tythrop  House,  near  Thame  in  Oxfordshire.  ^ 
It  is  more  customary  than  correct  to  attribute  all  such 
work  to  Grinling  Gibbons.  At  Dunster,  the  stairs, 
the  dado  against  the  external  walls,  the  plinth  opposite, 
the  newels  and  the  massive  hand-rail  are  all  of  oak, 
while  the  perforated  panels  between  the  newels,  and 
the  vases  of  fruit  and  flowers  above  the   newels,  are 

'  There  is  an  illustration  of  part  of  *  See  the  plates  in  Statham's  English 

this  ceiling  in  Statham's£»^//s/ji/o»zcs,       Homes,  pp.  104,  105,  176-179. 
p.  106. 


THE    GREAT    STAIRCASE, 
DL'NSTER    CASTLE. 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  369 

elaborately  carved  in  elm.  Oak  and  elm  alike  were, 
until  thirty  years  ago,  thickly  covered  with  paint,  one 
of  the  lower  layers  of  which  was  dark  brown  relieved 
with  gold.  All  this  has  been  stripped  off  and  the 
wood  has  been  revealed.  In  the  open  panels  on  the 
left  of  the  stairs,  the  carver  has  allowed  his  fancy  to  run 
riot,  and,  amid  graceful  foliage,  one  may  see  cherubs 
blowing  horns,  hounds  in  full  chase  after  a  stag  and 
a  fox,  and  guns  and  military  trophies,  allusive  perhaps 
to  Francis  Luttrell's  devotion  to  arms  and  sport. 

As  completed  in  the  later  part  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  the  Staircase  seems  to  have  been  separated 
from  the  Hall  by  a  wall  or  screen  pierced  with  two 
openings,  each  of  which  was  flanked  by  engaged 
columns  with  capitals  finely  carved  in  lime.  The 
gallery,  or  return,  of  the  staircase  on  the  first  floor 
seems  to  have  given  access  to  a  large  landing  over 
part  of  the  Hall.  In  1691,  there  were  "  in  the  Stair- 
case "  various  pieces  of  furniture — "  one  small  round 
table,  two  tables  with  foulding  leaves,  one  couch  " 
and  eight  cushions,  which  may  have  been  on  the 
window-seats  of  the  landing.  "  One  large  casement 
and  its  frame,  "  clearly  moveable,  may  have  served 
to  keep  ofl^  the  draught  either  on  the  ground  floor  or 
on  the  first  floor.  In  1741,  there  were  "  in  the  Great 
Staircase  "  "  a  mahogany  harpsichord  "  and  "  four 
elbow  cane  chairs  and  four  other  cane  chairs."  The 
inventory  of  that  year  devotes  a  separate  section  to 
"  the  closett  under  the  Great  Staircase,  "  which  con- 
tained "  a  walnutt  scrutore,  four  cane  chairs,  "  eight 
framed  prints,  over  three  hundred  volumes  of  books, 
and  various  small  objects.  Here  there  were  "  a  stove 
grate  and  buffer,  "  corresponding  with  "  one  grate  of 
iron  for  sea  coals  "  that  was  standing  "  in  the  stair- 
case "  protected  by  a  fender,  in  1691. 


370  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

The  inventory  of  1691  enumerates  the  rooms  in 
the  Castle  in  regular  sequence,  giving  the  names  that 
they  then  respectively  bore.  Many  of  these  names 
were,  however,  altered  from  time  to  time  in  the  course 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  whenever  changes  were 
made  in  the  colour  of  hangings  and  furniture.  Thus, 
to  take  one  instance,  '  the  White  Chamber'  of  1691 
and  1705,  on  the  northern  side  of  the  Gallery,  was 
known  as  '  the  Yellow  Chamber  'in  1 74 1 ,  and  as  '  the 
Red  Chamber'  in  1781.  At  some  date  subsequent 
to  1 8 1 5,  it  began  to  be  erroneously  called  '  King 
Charles's  Room.'  '  The  King's  Chamber  '  of  1691 
and  1705,  which  is  explicitly  described  as  situate 
"  within  "  the  Red  Room  of  that  time,  was  a  small 
room  with  only  one  window  and  no  fireplace.  After 
the  closing  of  the  Castle  for  ten  years  (i 737-1 747), 
and  the  re-modelling  of  part  of  the  interior  by  Henry 
Fownes  Luttrell,  it  lost  its  old  name.  In  178 1,  it 
was  merely  '  the  Best  Dressing  Room,  '  within  '  the 
Best  Bedroom  '  at  the  western  end  of  the  Gallery. 
However,  there  still  lingered  a  tradition  that  Charles 
the  Second,  when  Prince  of  Wales,  had  occupied 
some  room  near  the  Gallery,  and  it  was  known  that, 
in  the  course  of  his  adventures,  he  had  been  glad  to 
avail  himself  of  hiding-places.  Inasmuch  then  as 
there  is  a  narrow,  dark  closet  behind  the  panelling 
of  the  Red  Chamber  of  1781,  a  mistaken  idea  arose 
that  he  may  have  used  the  room  to  which  it  is  an 
annexe.  When  he  came  to  Dunster  as  a  boy  in  1 645, 
the  Castle  was  one  of  the  principal  fortresses  in  the 
west  of  England,  and  was  manned  by  soldiers  devoted 
to  his  father's  cause  ;  when  he  passed  through  Somerset 
after  the  disastrous  Battle  of  Worcester,  in  his  flight 
from  Boscobel  to  Lyme,  he  did  not  come  to  Dunster. 
In  point  of  fact  there  was  no  communication  between 


PLAN 
DUNSTER  CASTLE 


HI   THE    kLTlRATIC 

A  D  iaft7  - 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  371 

the  room  which  he  really  occupied  and  the  closet,  or 
possible  hiding-place,  which  was  separated  from  it 
until  1869  by  a  very  thick  stone  wall. 

The  inventories  of  1741  and  1781  alike  mention 
'  the  Spirit's  Room,  '  and  the  latter  shows  it  to  have 
been  situate  immediately  above  the  little  room  at  the 
eastern  end  of  the  Hall.  Although  the  name  has 
survived  to  the  present  time,  nothing  is  known  about 
its  origin  ;  Dunster  Castle  has  no  ghost. 

The  furniture  specified  in  the  inventory  of  1691 
would  nowadays  be  considered  very  scanty.  In  the 
Great  Hall  there  were  only  "  one  small  square  table  " 
some  fire  irons,  "  one  large  brass  candlestick  with 
two  (six  ?)  socketts  laquered  yellow,  and  eighteen 
chaires  of  redd  leather.  "  In  the  Great  Parlour  there 
were  twenty-one  "  (Turkey)  wrought  chairs,  "  two 
slabs  of  black  and  white  marble  on  wooden  frames 
serving  as  "  side  tables,  "  and  the  necessary  fire  irons. 
The  Withdrawing  Room  adjoining  contained  nothing 
except  "  eight  large  pictures  and  five  small  pictures.  " 
So  again,  in  the  Long  Gallery  the  furniture  consisted 
of  "  six  pieces  of  arras  of  one  suit  and  two  pieces  of 
arras  of  another  suit,  two  white  lacquered  sconces,  and 
eight  pictures.  "  The  contents  of  the  bedrooms 
were  more  valuable.  Many  of  them  were  hung  with 
tapestry  and  had  curtains  to  the  windows.  The 
White  Chamber  adjoining  the  Gallery  was  furnished  in 
a  style  then  fashionable.  A  table,  two  stands,  a  large 
mirror,  eight  chairs  and  two  pictures  in  it  are  alike 
described  as  "Japan.  "  Here  there  were  "  fourteen 
little  toyes  over  the  chimney  cornish. "  Mrs.  Luttrell, 
who  seems  to  have  occupied  the  bedroom  over  the 
Great  Parlour,  also  had  a  table  and  two  cabinets  of 
'  Japan,  '  and  an  "  olive  chest  of  drawers  "  that 
probably  came  from  Italy.     There  were  some  "  hang- 


372  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       ch.  xi. 

ings  of  guilt  leather  "  in  her  "  closett,  "  and  half  of 
one  of  the  rooms  occupied  by  the  household  was 
"  hung  with  greene  and  guilted  leather.  "  ^ 

Most  of  the  tapestry  and  many  pieces  of  furniture 
were  removed  to  London  by  Mrs.  Luttrell,  and 
perished  in  the  fire  at  her  house.  Part  of  the  residue, 
including  various  portraits  left  at  Dunster,  was  event- 
ually purchased  by  Colonel  Alexander  Luttrell  from 
her  second  husband,  Sir  Jacob  Bancks. 

When  Colonel  Alexander  Luttrell  went  to  live  at 
Dunster  Castle  in  1705,  he  re-named  many  of  the 
rooms,  but  he  did  not  make  any  important  structural 
changes.  Dorothy  Luttrell,  his  relict,  was  more  enter- 
prising. Until  her  time  there  was  only  one  approach 
to  the  Castle.  After  ascending  the  direct  road  from 
the  town  to  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell's  gateway  and  passing 
under  its  vaulted  archway,  carriages,  horsemen,  and 
pedestrians  had  alike  to  turn  abruptly  to  the  right 
through  the  earlier  gateway  of  Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun, 
and  thence  to  describe  a  curve  to  the  left,  still  ascend- 
ing, in  order  to  reach  the  porch  on  the  western  facade 
of  the  Jacobean  mansion.  From  first  to  last  the  road 
was  exceedingly  steep,  and  the  angle  between  the  two 
gateways  was  so  sharp  that  great  skill  was  required 
to  drive  a  carriage  safely  through  them  in  descending 
to  the  town.  Tradition  says  that  a  horse  had  its 
brains  dashed  out  there,  and  minor  accidents  must 
have  been  numerous.  Mrs.  Luttrell  therefore  made 
an  alternative  road  branching  off  to  the  left  opposite 
to  the  stables,  and  winding  upwards  round  the  eastern 
side  of  the  Tor  until  it  reached  the  level  of  the  south- 
eastern angle  of  the  Castle.  There  it  ended  in  a  little 
platform  close  to  the  domestic  offices.  If  it  was  less 
dignified  than  the  older  approach,  it  was  at  any  rate 

'  Chancery  Proceedings,  Mitford  538,  no.  2. 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  373 

considerably  safer.  'The  New  Way,'  as  it  was  called 
was  finished  in  1720,  and  the  trees  lining  it  are  very 
correctly  represented  as  young  in  Buck's  view  of 
Dunster  Castle,  which  was  engraved  in  1733.  To 
protect  it  from  above  a  yew  hedge  was  planted  below 
the  eastern  front  of  the  Castle,  and  this  hedge  has 
grown  since  to  a  height  of  about  54  feet. 

The  New  Way  was  barely  finished  when  Dorothy 
Luttrell  began  to  build  a  florid  chapel  projecting  from 
the  eastern  front  of  the  Castle,  partly  on  the  site  of 
an  ancient  semicircular  tower.  This  work  was  ex- 
ecuted in  1723  and  the  following  year,  at  a  cost  of 
about  I  300/.  under  the  direction  of  Sir  James  Thorn- 
hill,  who  painted  for  the  interior  a  huge  picture  of 
the  Lifting  up  of  the  Brazen  Serpent.  By  a  will 
dated  in  October  1723,  Dorothy  Luttrell  bequeathed 
350/.  for  the  completion  of  the  Chapel.  There  is  a 
definite  statement  that  it  was  eventually  consecrated. 
An  indifferent  portrait  of  George  Hooper,  Bishop  of 
Bath  and  Wells,  still  hanging  in  the  Castle,  may  be  a 
memorial  of  his  connexion  with  this  chapel.  A  silver 
flagon,  salver,  and  cup  with  cover  are  mentioned  in  1 744 
as  belonging  to  the  communion  table. ^  These  are  now 
in  use  at  the  new  chapel  of  St.  Michael  at  Alcombe, 
having  been  presented  by  the  present  owner  of  the  Castle. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  the 
site  of  the  ancient  keep  was  levelled  and  converted 
into  a  bowling-green.  Any  relics  of  the  chapel  of 
St.  Stephen  and  of  other  buildings  erected  by  the 
Mohuns  that  had  survived  the  wanton  demolition 
of  1650  were  then  removed.  Some  traces  of  a  drain 
on  the  west  side  are  all  that  now  remain.  An  oct- 
agonal summer-house  at  the  eastern  end  of  the  bowling 
green,  almost  overhanging  the  inhabited  part  of  the 

'  Master  Eld's  Report  in  the  Chancery  suit  Kj'mer  v.  Trevelyan  23  July  1744. 


374  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

Castle,  has  a  good  leaden  pipe-head  with  the  Luttrell 
arms  and  the  date  '  1 727.'  A  large  muUioned  window 
in  it  dates  from  the  fifteenth  century.  In  1741,  this 
summer-house  had  "  a  stove  grate  and  huffer,  fire 
shovel,  tongs  and  poker,  and  four  pieces  of  the  hunting 
chace,  "  and  "  a  mahogany  octagon  table  and  8  leather 
bottomed  chairs  with  walnutt  frames.  "  The  room 
beneath  it  contained  "  twelve  pair  of  Brasil  bowles 
and  3  jacks  "  valued  at  2/.  i  is. 

At  some  period  between  1705  and  i'/27'>  ^^^  ^^ 
the  Luttrells  acquired  the  magnificent  coramt,  or 
pictures  on  leather,  that  adorn  the  Gallery  at  Dunster 
Castle.  It  has  been  seen  that,  in  1691,  there  were 
some  "  hangings  of  guilt  leather"  in  Mrs.  Luttrell's 
"  Closet,  "  but  they  must  have  been  comparatively 
small,  and  there  is  a  note  in  1705  that  almost  all  the 
furniture  of  that  room  had  been  "  sent  to  London, 
except  the  guilt  leather  sent  to  Abbey  Milton.  "  In 
the  inventory  of  1741,  "  gilt  leather  hangings  "  are 
specified  among  the  moveable  objects  in  the  Gallery. 
Alexander  Luttrell,  deceased,  had  also  possessed  a  set 
of  "  gilt  leather  hangings  "  of  lesser  value  that  were 
in  his  house  at  Venn  near  Heathfield.  In  1744, 
there  is  specific  mention  of  "  the  gilt  leather  hangings 
being  the  History  of  Mark  Anthony  and  Cleopatra  " 
in  the  Gallery,  valued  at  21/.  The  next  allusion  to 
them  is  in  a  letter  from  Margaret  Fownes  Luttrell  to 
her  husband,  undated,  but  evidently  written  in  or  soon 
after  1759,  from  Bath.      In  this,  she  says  : — 

"  1  have  a  great  mind  to  consult  Cooke  about  repairing 
Mark  Anthony  and  Cleopatra,  whether  a  gilt  leather  border 
would  be  the  best  method,  and  perhaps  his  man  could  do  it 
better  than  any  one  in  the  country. 

Eventually  the  corami  were  flattened  and  affixed  to 
the   walls  of  the    Gallery.       As  originally    made    in 


c 
u 


'J 


p 
Z 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  375 

Spain  or  Portugal  about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  the  historical  panels  must  have  been  intended 
for  some  particular  house,  and  they  accordingly  vary 
considerably  in  width,  their  height,  exclusive  of 
borders,  being  about  6  ft.  10  in.  The  subjects  are: — 
(i)  The  Triumvirate,  Caesar,  Antony  and  Lepidus, 
at  Rome,  with  soldiers  and  trumpeters  in  the  back- 
ground. 

(2)  Antony,  seated  on  a  throne,  receiving  Cleo- 
patra, who  kneels  before  him,  one  of  her  attendants 
bearing  her  train.  In  the  background  is  the  barge 
in  which  she  had  come  to  him. 

(3)  Antony  taking  Cleopatra  by  the  hand  and 
holding  over  her  head  a  garland,  to  symboUse  the 
grant  of  authority  over  Phoenicia. 

(4)  Antony  and  Cleopatra  on  horseback  flying 
before  Caesar's  soldiers. 

(5)  Antony  presenting  to  an  attendant  a  dagger 
wherewith  to  stab  him. 

(6)  Cleopatra  applying  to  her  breast  an  asp,  which 
has  been  brought  to  her  in  a  basket  of  figs. 

All  these  panels  are  in  very  fine  condition  and  richly 
coloured,  the  surface  relieved  in  places  by  the  use  of 
iron   tools.      The   metalHc    decoration    of  silver   foil 
assumes  a   golden  aspect  where  covered  by  a  trans- 
parent  yellow  glaze.      In  addition   to  the  historical 
series,  there  are  a  number  of  busts  of  comely  damsels 
rising  out  of  rich  foliage,  which   may  perhaps  have 
served  as  frame-work,  and  there  are  various  borders 
which  have  been  unfortunately  cut  up  from  time  to 
time  and  misplaced.      Leather  hangings   of  this  sort 
are  by  no  means  common.     There  is,  or  was,  a  set  at 
the   old  palace  at  Turin.      Another  set  is  stated  to 
•    hang  at  Knowsley.      A  third  set  at  Blenheim,  present- 
ed by  Victor  Amadeus  of  Savoy  to  the  great  Duke  of 


376  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

Marlborough,   is  based  upon  drawings  by  Perino  del 
Vaga. ' 

Henry  Fownes  Luttrell  made  considerable  alter- 
ations at  Dunster  Castle  between  1747  and  1774,  sett- 
ling every  detail  himself.  In  the  Great  Parlour  he 
closed  the  two  Jacobean  windows  facing  northwards, 
but  without  altering  their  exterior,  and  he  inserted  a 
Venetian  window  of  three  lights  in  the  eastern  wall. 
Pursuing  a  similar  course  in  the  large  bedroom  over 
it,  he  converted  it  into  a  Drawing  Room.  The 
ornaments  for  the  ceiling  were  made  by  the  firm  of 
Spinnage  and  Crompton  in  London,  and  sent  down  to 
Dunster,  in  1758,  in  a  box  weighing  only  50//^.  to 
be  put  up  by  local  workmen. 

By  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century,  paper 
hangings  had  come  into  favour  as  a  substitute  for 
arras,  and  there  is  at  Dunster  a  letter  from  Henry 
ShifFner  to  his  friend  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell  quoting 
the  prices  of  suitable  papers  in  London.  "  India 
paper  representing  trees,  birds  and  flowers  of  various 
colours  on  a  whitish  ground  "  was  offered  at  41.  6c/. 
per  square  yard.  "  India  paper  representing  the 
several  stages  of  a  Chinese  manufacture  upon  a  greyish 
ground  ....  a  smaller  pattern,  but  the  figures  very 
compleat  and  intersperst  with  romantick  views  "  could 
not  be  obtained  under  ys.  per  square  yard.  "  Flock 
paper  "  was  quoted  at  only  is.  bd.  The  Castle  had 
to  be  practically  refurnished  at  this  period. 

In  the  Great  Staircase,  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell  made 
various  changes,  several  of  which  can  hardly  be  des- 
cribed as  improvements.  Thus  he  abolished  the  two 
openings  leading  from  it  into  the  Hall  and  substituted 
three  arches  of  less  substantial  character.  While 
two   of  the  engaged  columns  were  made  to  do  duty 

'  Waagen's  Treasures  of  Art,  vol.  iii,  p.  133. 


'■J 


Z 


o 

u 

z 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  377 

again  as  such,  the  other  two  were  enlarged  and  con- 
verted into  detached  columns  to  support  the  new  arches. 
The  bill  rendered  in  1773  by  Stowey  and  Jones  states 
explicitly  that  one  third  was  added  to  each  of  their 
carved  capitals,  and  that  new  bases  and  necks  were 
provided  for  them.  All  this  was  removed  in  1869, 
but  the  gallery  immediately  above  remains  as  remodel- 
led in  1773.  The  delicate  mouldings  of  the  dado  of 
this  gallery  are  markedly  different  from  the  bolder 
mouldings  of  the  dado  of  the  staircase.  Pine  takes 
the  place  of  oak  and  elm.  The  cost  of  the  two  door- 
ways facing  the  head  of  the  stairs  is  minutely  specified 
in  the  bill  : — 

"  Two  sett  of  best  moulded  double  faced  archatraves 
with  three  members  full  inriched,  6/.  6s.  " 

"  Two  door  caps  with  inriched  mouldings  and  ornamental 
friezes  and  basso  relief  tabletts,  12/.  I2J. 

"  Two  mahogany  doors  2  inches  thick  of  best  Jamaica 
wood  framed  into  six  pannels,  wouth  mouldings  on  pannels 
the  same  fluted  and  patera  corners,  12/.  I2J.  " 

The  charges  for  packing,  carriage  and  fixing  were 
of  course  additional.  It  is  worthy  of  notice  that  the 
doorcaps  facing  the  Staircase  are  ornamented  with 
stags'  heads  and  hunting  horns,  thus  carrying  on  the 
idea  suggested  by  the  carved  panels  of  the  seventeenth 
century  below. 

At  some  unspecified  date,  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell, 
departing  strangely  from  the  style  prevalent  in  his 
own  day  and  usually  followed  by  him,  made  a  large 
window  on  the  staircase  from  an  atrocious  design 
which  he  beheved  to  be  "  Gothique.  "  This  has 
been  removed.  From  March  1772  to  September 
1773,  workmen  of  different  professions  were  employed 
in  making  alterations  in  Dunster  Castle.  A  '  Break- 
fast  Room  '  was  created  over  the  Hall,  the  oaken 

w 


378  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

flooring  and  the  two  eastern  windows  alone  dating 
from  an  earlier  period.  To  connect  it  with  the 
Gallery,  a  passage  was  cut  through  two  intervening 
bedrooms,  the  nearer  one  called  "  the  Red  Chamber  " 
in  1691,  "  Mrs.  Lucy  Luttrell's  Chamber"  in  1705, 
"  the  Purple  Chamber"  in  1744,  and  "the  Yellow 
Room  "  in  1781,  the  further  one  called  "  the  Yellow 
Chamber"  in  1 691,  "the  Plodd  Room  "  in  1705, 
"  the  Plodd  Chamber  "  in  1741,  "  the  Plaid  Room  " 
in  1 744,  and  "  the  Chintz  Room  "  in  1 78  i .  All  the 
southern  part  of  the  Castle,  used  chiefly  by  the 
servants,  was  so  remodelled  that  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  ascertain  the  previous  disposition  and  names 
of  the  different  rooms. 

The  alterations  that  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell  made 
within  his  dwelling-house  were  insignificant  in  com- 
parison with  those  that  he  made  outside  it.  By 
creating  the  present  Park,  by  planting  trees,  by  build- 
ing a  tower  on  Conigar,  and  by  doing  other  things  of 
the  sort,  he  greatly  enhanced  the  natural  beauties  of 
Dunster.  In  this  chapter,  however,  it  is  necessary  only 
to  describe  the  change  which  he  wrought  on  the  Tor, 
a  change  which  unfortunately  could  hardly  have  been 
carried  out  without  serious  detriment  to  the  medieval 
character  of  the  Castle.  While  every  antiquary  must 
deplore  the  destruction  of  the  Lower  Ward,  due 
consideration  should  be  given  to  the  necessities  of 
the  case,  and  a  country  gentleman  need  not  be  des- 
cribed as  a  Vandal  because  he  wanted  to  have  a  safe 
roadway  to  his  own  front  door.  A  surveyor  named 
Thomas  Hull  proposed  in  the  first  instance  that  such 
a  roadway  should  ascend  the  Tor  in  zigzags  above  the 
stables,  but  this  scheme  was  found  impracticable  or 
undesirable.  As  an  alternative,  he  suggested  that  the 
New  Way  of   1720  should   be   continued   round  the 


Ma? 

?  <  ^ 


CH.  XI.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  379 

western  and  northern  sides  of  the  hill  to  the  porch  of 
the  Jacobean  facade.  In  order  to  do  this,  the  whole  of 
the  Lower  Ward  was  reduced  to  one  level  by  lowering 
it  slightly  on  the  south  and  raising  it  very  considerably 
on  the  north.  A  wall  against  the  hill  on  the  south 
and  another  wall  connecting  it  with  the  old  curtain 
wall  on  the  north  were  alike  removed.  The  original 
road  that  passed  through  Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun's 
gateway  towards  the  Jacobean  mansion  was  entirely 
obliterated  by  piling  tons  of  earth  upon  it,  covered 
with  green  turf.  Happily,  the  gateway  itself  was 
spared,  and  its  remarkable  doors,  although  closed, 
were  protected  by  the  erection  of  a  wall  behind  them. 
For  the  benefit  of  persons  on  foot,  a  little  staircase 
was  made  close  by,  to  give  access  to  the  new  artificial 
platform  above  known  as  '  the  Green  Court. '  All  this 
was  done  in  1764. 

Up  to  the  date  of  these  drastic  changes,  the  ground 
floor  of  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell's  gatehouse  had  been  directly 
accessible  from  the  Lower  Ward  on  the  south.  The 
effect  of  them  was,  however,  to  leave  not  only  the 
ground  floor,  but  also  the  middle  storey,  below  the 
newly  created  level.  Some  remains  of  a  vaulted 
chamber  adjoining  appear  to  have  been  simply  buried. 
The  Gatehouse  itself  was  materially  altered.  A  door- 
way of  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century  and  an 
oaken  door,  taken  from  some  demolished  building, 
were  put  together  and  set  up  at  its  southern  end,  on 
Hull's  new  level,  to  give  access  to  the  spiral  staircase 
leading  to  the  two  lower  storeys,  and  across  the  landing 
of  that  staircase  to  the  upper  south  room.  On  either 
side  of  the  door  was  built  a  polygonal  turret,  battle- 
mented  above  and  pierced  below  with  narrow  apertures 
intended  to  represent  ancient  loopholes.  The  original 
turret  above  the  northern  staircase  was  at  the  same  time 


380  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

removed  and  the  roofs  of  the  two  sections  were  reduced 
to  uniformity.  So  cleverly  did  Hull  do  his  work  that 
it  has  sometimes  been  ascribed  to  the  sixteenth  century. 
Very  little  of  the  old  curtain  wall  is  now  visible  to 
the  west  of  the  Gatehouse,  its  external  face  being 
almost  entirely  hidden  by  earth  placed  in  front  of  it. 
From  the  time  of  the  first  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell 
to  that  of  his  great-grandson,  the  present  owner, 
nothing  was  done  to  Dunster  Castle  beyond  necess- 
ary repairs  of  a  minor  character.  Hardly  a  piece 
of  furniture  was  changed.  It  is  unfortunate  that 
nothing  is  known  about  the  history  of  three  curious 
and  interesting  chairs  now  preserved  in  the  Castle, 
the  description  of  such  things  in  the  old  inventor- 
ies being  very  meagre.  A  picture  of  the  largest 
of  them,  which  is  made  of  ash,  is  given  opposite. 
The  other  two,  made  of  pear-wood  with  triangular 
seats  of  oak,  are  much  simpler.  Chairs  of  a  similar, 
though  rare,  type  exist  at  Hereford  Cathedral,  the 
Bishop's  Palace  at  Wells,  the  Ashmolean  Museum  at 
Oxford,  Harvard  College,  U.S.A.,  Barlborough  Hall 
in  Derbyshire,  Cheshunt  Manor,  and  some  other 
private  houses.  A  recent  writer  goes  so  far  as  to  say 
that  the  type  is  "  of  Byzantine  origin...  introduced 
into  Scandinavia  and  from  thence  doubtless  brought 
to  England  by  the  Normans.  "  ^  The  three  examples 
at  Dunster  cannot,  however,  be  ascribed  to  an  earlier 
period  than  the  sixteenth  century.  Horace  Walpole 
was  for  some  years  very  envious  of  Richard  Bateman 
who  had  picked  up  in  farmhouses  in  Herefordshire  a 
number  of  old  chairs,  "  the  seats  triangular,  the  backs, 
arms,  and  legs  loaded  with  turnery.  "  ^  Eventually 
he  secured  six  of  them  for  Strawberry  Hill  after  the 

'  M^cquoid's  History  of  English  Fur-  *  Letters,   20   Aug.    1761;   24   vSept. 

nitnre  vol.  i.  pp.  71-73.  1762  ;  16  March  1765. 


TURNED     CHAIR, 
PUNSTER     CASTLF. 


CH.  XI.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  381 

death   of  Bateman,    who   had   disfigured  some  with 
heraldic  and  other  painting.  ^ 

Mr.  G.  F.  Luttrell  had  not  been  long  in  possession 
of  Dunster  Castle  before  he  resolved  to  make  material 
alterations  in  the  fabric,  so  as  to  adapt  it  to  modern 
requirements.  The  task  entrusted  by  him  to  the  late 
Mr.  A.  Salvin  was  singularly  difficult,  because  there 
was  so  little  ground  available  for  the  necessary  ex- 
tension. In  the  first  place,  additional  accommodation 
was  provided  by  pulling  down  the  northern  tower  of 
the  Jacobean  fa9ade  and  building  a  more  important 
tower  on  its  site,  with  a  turret  staircase  attached. 
The  tower  over  the  main  entrance  was  at  the  same 
time  rebuilt  on  a  larger  scale,  and  a  passage  was  in- 
geniously constructed  in  the  roof.  On  the  eastern 
side  of  the  Castle,  the  incongruous  Chapel  of  1722 
was  replaced  by  a  lofty  tower  containing  a  drawing- 
room  on  the  ground-floor  and  bedrooms  above.  In 
the  Parlour,  in  the  room  over  it,  in  the  Great  Staircase 
and  elsewhere,  stone  mullioned  windows  of  simple 
design  were  substituted  for  the  Venetian  and  the  so- 
called  '  Gothic  '  windows  inserted  by  Henry  Fownes 
Luttrell  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

The  internal  alterations  devised  by  Mr.  Salvin 
were  numerous  and  important.  An  additional  hall, 
loftier  than  the  old  one,  was  created  by  the  abolition 
of  two  rooms  and  a  passage  on  the  ground  floor  and 
the  like  on  the  floor  immediately  above.  The  kitchen 
and  other  offices  further  south  were  converted  into 
sitting  rooms,  and  a  new  range  of  offices  was  con- 
structed between  the  new  northern  tower  and  the  old 
gateway  of  the  Lower  Ward.  The  massive  doors  of 
this  gateway,  closed  in  1761,  were  reopened,  and  a 
staircase   was  made  behind  it  to  give  access  to  the 

'  Catalogue  of  strawberry  Hill  (1S42),  seventeenth  day,  lots  102,  114. 


382  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      ch.  xi. 

Green  Court  in  front  of  the  house.  By  a  change  of 
floor  levels  and  the  removal  of  a  transverse  v^^all,  the 
two  upper  rooms  of  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell's  gatehouse 
were  thrown  into  one. 

As  seen  from  the  town,  from  the  park,  and  from 
elsewhere,  Dunster  Castle  is  now  more  imposing  and 
withal  far  more  picturesque  than  it  was  forty  years 
ago.  The  chief  matter  for  regret  in  connexion  with 
Mr.  Salvin's  work  is  that  he  should  have  thought  it 
necessary  to  remove  the  handsome  woodwork  of  the 
Parlour  and  the  Hall,  dating  from  the  time  of  Charles 
the  Second.  ^ 

It  remains  to  be  added  that  the  Castle  is  now  ap- 
proached by  a  carriage-road  winding  round  the  Tor 
on  a  gradient  much  easier  than  that  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  and  commanding  beautiful  views  of  the  Park 
and  the  vale  of  Avill. 

The  collection  of  pictures  at  Dunster  Castle  has 
been  enriched  in  recent  years  by  the  transfer  of  several 
portraits  of  Drewes  from  Wootton  Fitzpaine,  and 
portraits  from  Nethway,  including  one  of  Henry,  Prince 
of  Wales,  by  or  after  Van  Somer,  and  a  large  full- 
length  by  Bower  of  a  gorgeous  cavalier,  aged  24  in 
1633,  but  unfortunately  nameless.  Little  is  known 
about  the  history  of  two  bronze  guns  lately  removed 
from  Minehead  to  Dunster  Castle.  They  bear  the 
date  1787,  the  name  and  arms  of  Pope  Pius  the 
Sixth  and  the  arms  of  a  Cardinal.  They  must  presum- 
ably have  come  by  sea  from  Civita  Vecchia  or  Ancona. 

'  Some  of  it  is  now  in  the  Billiard-room. 


FIREPLACE    IN   THE    HALL. 
DUNSTER    CASTLE. 


CHAPTER    XII. 

DuNSTER  Church  and  Priory, 


The  earliest  mention  of  the  church  of  Dunster  is 
to  be  found  in  a  charter  of  the  first  WilHam  de 
Mohun,  which  may  be  translated  thus : — 

"  Be  it  known  to  all  faithful  members  of  the  Catholic 
Church  both  present  and  future  that  I,  WilHam  de  Moione, 
pricked  by  the  fear  of  God,  give  and  grant  in  perpetuity 
for  the  weal  of  my  soul  and  that  of  William,  King  of  the 
English,  and  those  of  all  my  ancestors  and  successors,  to 
the  church  of  St.  Peter  of  Bath  and  to  John,  Bishop  of  that 
monastery,  and  to  the  monks  both  present  and  future,  the 
church  of  St.  George  of  Dunestore,  and  myself,  and  the 
tithe  of  the  same  town,  both  of  vines  and  of  ploughs  and 
of  the  market  as  also  of  all  sheep,  and  the  whole  town  of 
Alcume  and  all  things  belonging  to  it,  free  and  quit  of  all 
service,  that  is  to  say  a  hide  of  land,  and  a  moiety  of  the 
tithe  of  Maneheafe,  and  the  whole  tithe  of  Bradeuude,  and 
all  the  tithe  of  Carentun  so  far  as  it  belongs  to  me,  and  the 
whole  tithe  of  Niwetun,  and  a  moiety  of  the  tithe  of  Brun- 
feld,  and  the  whole  tithe  of  Stokelande,  and  the  whole 
[tithe]  of  Kilvestune,  and  two  fisheries,  the  one  belonging 
to  Dunesthor  and  the  other  to  Carentun,  and  the  whole 
tithe  of  my  mares  on  the  moors.  And  I  grant  all  these 
things  to  the  aforesaid  church  of  Bath  by  consent  of  my 
wife  Adelisa,  in  order  that  the  Bishop  and  monks  of  the 
same  may  build  and  raise  the  church  of  St.  George.  Of 
this  benefaction  there  are  these  witnesses  on  my  behalf — 
Henry  de  Port,  and  Durand  the  steward,  and  Ogis  and 
Geroius,  and  Walter  de  Celsui,  and  Robert  le  Blond  (flavus) 
and   Geoffrey   and   Robert    my    sons,    and    Wilmund    my 


384  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

brother,  and  Odo  de  Altaribus,  and  William  de  Hermod- 
ville,  and  Robert  son  of  Richard,  and  Humphrey  de  Pierre- 
pont  {Petreponte\  and  Ralph  son  of  Osbern,  and  Herbert 
of  Kent,  and  Richard  le  Blond  (flavus),  and  Picot,  and 
Engelram  son  of  Juelin,  and  Alexander  de  Percy.  These 
are  on  behalf  of  the  Bishop,  that  is  to  say  Gireward  the 
monk,  and  Girebert  the  archdeacon,  and  Dunstan  the 
priest,  and  Gilbert  the  priest,  and  William  the  clerk,  and 
Adelard  the  steward,  and  Turald  and  Sabian."  ^ 

The  charter  is  not  dated,  but  as  it  was  issued 
during  the  episcopate  of  John  and  the  reign  of 
William,  it  may  with  certainty  be  referred  to  the 
decade  between  1090  and  iioo.  Two  of  the  wit- 
nesses, Durand  and  Ogis,  were  tenants  under  William 
de  Mohun  at  the  time  of  the  Domesday  Survey  of 
1086.  The  property  given  to  the  monks  comprised 
the  manor  of  Alcombe,  the  advowson  of  the  church 
of  Dunster,  dedicated  to  St.  George  who  was  popular 
with  the  Normans,  and  tithes  of  various  manors 
which  William  de  Mohun  held  in  demesne,  Dunster, 
Minehead,  Broadwood,  Carhampton,  Newton  now 
known  as  BicknoUer,  Broomfield,  Stockland  now 
known  as  Shurton,  and  Kilton.  The  two  fisheries 
mentioned  may  have  been  in  the  little  river  flowing 
from  Avill,  or  on  the  sea-shore. 

The  charter  of  William  de  Mohun  is  known  to 
have  been  confirmed  by  St.  Anselm  and  by  William 
Rufus,  but  the  charter  of  the  Archbishop  and  that 
of  the  King  have  alike  disappeared.  ^ 

Ere  long,  a  moiety  of  the  tithes  of  Exford  was 
given  to  the  monks  of  Bath  by  William  de  Mohun, 
probably  the  second  of  that  name.  It  was  he  who 
gave  them  some  land  called  Avelham,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  soul  of  his  son   Ralph,  and  apparently  three 

>  Two  Chartularies  of  Bath  (S.R.S.),  -'  Ibid,  C.  65. 

^-  34- 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  385 

ferlings  of  land  at  Northcombe.  *  From  documents 
of  much  later  date,  it  seems  clear  that  Avelham  was 
near  the  southern  end  of  Dunster,  and  that  North- 
combe was  in  the  neighbouring  parish  of  Cutcombe.  ^ 

Between  the  years  11  38  and  1160,  the  monks  of 
Bath  obtained  from  Theobald,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, a  solemn  confirmation  of  the  lands  and  tithes 
granted  to  them  at  Dunster,  Carhampton,  Stockland, 
Kilton,  Avelham,  Staunton,  Minehead  and  Exford 
with  the  church  of  Dunster.  They  must  have 
acquired  the  tithes  of  Staunton  from  the  person  who 
held  that  manor  of  the  lord  of  Dunster  by  military 
service,  as  it  is  not  mentioned  in  any  of  the  early 
charters  issued  by  the  Mohuns.  For  some  reason 
unknown,  the  archbishop  ignores  the  tithes  of 
Broadwood,  Newton  and  Broomfield,  specified  in 
successive  charters.  If  correctly  transcribed,  his 
charter  is  remarkable  as  recognising  the  canonization 
of  his  eminent  predecessor,  Anselm  of  Aosta.  ^ 

WiUiam  de  Mohun  the  Third  confirmed  the  grants 
made  by  his  predecessors.  His  charter  is  obviously 
based  upon  that  of  William  de  Mohun  the  First,  as 
given  above,  but  it  contains  some  variations.  Thus, 
among  the  tithes  of  Dunster  it  specifies  those  of  the 
mills  and  the  copses,  and  it  mentions  the  church  of 
Kilton  as  well  as  the  tithes  of  that  parish.  On  the 
other  hand  it  contains  no  reference  whatever  to  the 


'  D.C.M.  xvx.  7  process  are  not  clear.  His  canonization 
*  Taxatio.  was  demanded,  but  without  effect,  by 
5  Two  Chartularies  of  Bath,  C.  55.  Thomas  Becket ;  the  final  ratification 
The  original  charter  has  long  disap-  of  it  is  ascribed  to  a  papal  bull  some 
peared,  and  'Saudi  Anselmi'  in  the  centuries  later.  "  Saint  Anselm,  ■p. ■^01. 
early  transcript  of  it  at  Cambridge  On  the  other  hand  there  is  a  bull  of 
may  be  a  clerical  error  for  '  Sanctc  Pope  Alexander  the  Third  of  the  year 
memoric  Anselmi',  a  phrase  which  1 163,  empowering  thT  Archbishop  of 
occurs  earlier  in  the  document.  "  His  Canterbury  to  proceed  with  the  canon- 
name  ",  writes  Dean  Church,  "  as  was  ization  desired.  Rymer's  Fcedera, 
to  be  expected,  passed  into  the  roll  of  vol.  i.  p.  42. 
saints  ;  but  apparently  the  steps  of  the 


386  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

monks  of  Bath,  all  the  endowments  being  described 
as  belonging  to  the  church  of  Dunster.  ^  Although 
the  charter  of  William  de  Mohun  the  First  cannot  be 
regarded  as  founding  a  cell,  or  priory,  at  Dunster,  it 
is  quite  possible  that  a  few  of  the  Benedictine  monks 
of  Bath  may  have  been  established  there  as  early  as  the 
eleventh  century,  in  pursuance  of  an  unrecorded 
agreement  made  with  him.  The  first  specific  refer- 
ence to  a  religious  house  at  Dunster  occurs  in  1 177, 
when  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  as  guardian  of  the 
heir  of  William  de  Mohun,  paid  54J.  "  to  the  monks 
of  St.  George  of  Dunster  "  for  tithes  from  his  ward's 
estate  for  the  previous  eighteen  months.  ^  By  this 
date  at  any  rate,  if  not  much  earlier,  the  Benedictines 
were  settled  at  Dunster  on  the  northern  side  of  the 
parochial  church. 

A  charter  of  William  de  Mohun  which,  if  authen- 
tic, must  be  ascribed  to  the  fourth  of  that  name, 
defines  the  boundaries  of  the  hide  of  land  at  Alcombe 
belonging  to  the  monks,  and  enumerates  among  their 
endowments  the  tithe  of  the  demesne  of  Shurton, 
which  was  really  Stockland,  and  some  land  at  Kyne- 
wordisham  which  the  Taxatio  of  1291,  shows  to  be 
Kersham  in  Luxborough.  ^ 

In  the  course  of  the  twelfth  century,  the  Benedict- 
ine monks  duly  built  and  raised  the  church  of  St. 
George  at  Dunster.  Some  work  of  that  period  remains 
to  this  day,  though  much  altered  in  later  centuries. 
The  northern  wall  of  the  nave  is  Norman,  as  is  also 
the  central  part  of  the  western  wall  of  the  nave,  in 

•  D.C.M.  XVI.   7.     It  is  worthy  of      Somerset. 

remark  that  a  bull  of  Pope  Honorius  *  Two  Chartularies  of  Bath,  L.  845. 

the  Third  dated  at  the  Lateran  13  Kal.  The   charter   may   have  been  forged 

Dec.  a.p.  7  (A.D.  1224)  confirms  to  the  with  a  view  to  the  general  confirmation 

monks  of  Dunster  only  two  churches,  granted  by  John  de  Mohun  the  Fifth  in 

those   of    Dunster   and    Carhampton.  1341-     Dugdale's  Monasticon,  vol.  iv. 

D.C.M.  XVI.  2.  p.  202. 

*  Pipe  Roll,  23  Hen.  II.    Dorset  and 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  387 

which  a  round  arched  doorway  was  discovered  and 
reopened  in  i  876.  It  is  almost  certain  that  the  nave, 
which  measured  internally  about  80  feet  in  length  by 
26  in  breadth,  had  no  side  aisles,  and  that  it  had  an 
almost  flat  wooden  roof,  much  higher  up  than  the 
arches  that  now  exist  on  either  side.  At  the  eastern 
end  of  the  nave  was  a  large  round-headed  arch,  of 
which  the  jambs  and  capitals  remain.  Beyond  this 
was  a  tower,  or  the  place  for  a  tower.  Whether  the 
chancel  was  square  or  apsidal  it  is  impossible  to  say. 

As  early  as  the  reign  of  John,  the  church  of  St. 
George  was  served  by  a  secular  priest  called  simply 
Richard  the  Chaplain,  Vicar  of  Dunster.  On  his 
death,  or  resignation,  in  that  reign,  Richard,  Prior 
of  Bath  gave  the  "  perpetual  vicarage  "  of  Dunster 
to  Robert  de  Vaus,  and  promised  that  he  should  have 
free  food  at  the  monastic  table,  food  for  his  groom 
or  servant,  and  forage  for  his  palfrey.  ^  As  the  monks 
were  not  necessarily  in  priests'  orders,  and  were  liable 
at  any  time  to  be  recalled  to  the  mother  house  at 
Bath,  it  was  convenient  that  the  cure  of  souls  and 
the  maintenance  of  services  for  the  lay-folk,  should  be 
entrusted  to  a  secular  vicar,  nominated  by  the  Prior 
of  Bath  and  to  some  extent  dependent  upon  him,  but 
instituted,  as  to  a  benefice,  by  the  Bishop  of  the 
diocese  and  not  liable  to  be  removed  without  good 
cause.  The  emoluments  of  the  Vicar  of  Dunster 
were,  however,  so  small  in  the  middle  ages,  and  his 
position  so  subordinate,  that  resignations  were  fre- 
quent. 

There  was  some  controversy  in  1 240  between  the 
monks  of  Bath  and  Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun,  the  for- 
mer claiming  tithe  of  the  hay  of  Caremore,  a  large 
field  in  his  demesne  in  the   parish  of  Carhampton, 

'  Two  Chartnlaries  of  Bath,  L.  70. 


388  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

tithe  of  the  pasture  of  the  Waterletes  in  the  parishes 
of  Dunster  and  Carhampton,  tithe  of  a  windmill  at 
Kilton,  and  tithe  of  his  pigs  at  Dunster,  Carhampton 
and  Kilton.  The  question  was  referred  by  the  Pope 
to  the  Dean,  the  Precentor,  and  the  Succentor  of 
Salisbury,  who,  in  the  following  year,  heard  both 
parties  in  the  Lady  Chapel  at  Glastonbury,  and  effect- 
ed an  elaborate  agreement  between  them.  ^  There 
is  no  need  to  set  out  the  details  here,  but  it  is  worthy 
of  mention  that  the  document  contains  the  earliest 
mention  of  Marshwood  Park,  the  principal  park  of 
the  lords  of  Dunster,  situate  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
to  the  east  of  their  Castle. 

At  some  unspecified  date.  Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun 
confirmed  to  the  church  of  Dunster  "  and  to  the 
monks  there  serving  God  "  the  endowments  granted 
to  them  by  his  father  and  his  ancestors,  but  it  is 
significant  that  his  charter  to  that  effect  follows  almost 
word  for  word  the  charters  of  the  third  William  de 
Mohun,  and  makes  no  mention  of  Shurton  or  Kers- 
ham.  ^  By  another  charter,  he  granted  to  the  Prior 
and  monks  of  Dunster  and  their  successors  in  perpe- 
tuity every  tenth  pig,  "  live  or  dead,  "  belonging  to 
him  at  Dunster,  Carhampton,  and  Kilton,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  terms  of  the  compromise  of  1241. 
He  also  released  them  from  the  obligation  of  doing 
suit  to  the  court  of  his  Hundred  of  Minehead,  which 
had  not  been  entirely  absorbed  into  the  Hundred  of 
Carhampton.  ' 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Third,  the  Benedictine 
monks  rebuilt  and  enlarged  the  chancel  of  the  church 
of  Dunster,  in  the  prevailing  style  known  as  Early 
English  or  First  Pointed.     It  measured  internally  50 

'  Mohun  Cartulary.  *  D.C.M.  XVI. 

»  D.C.M.  XVI.  4. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  389 

feet  in  length  by  22  in  breadth,  being  thus  somewhat 
narrower  than  the  Norman  nave.  In  the  eastern 
wall  there  were  three  lancet  windows,  the  central  one 
higher,  as  usual,  than  the  other  two.  There  was  a 
row  of  simpler  lancets  in  the  south  wall,  where  the 
sedilia  occupied  the  normal  position.  The  small 
sacristy  on  the  north,  which  retains  its  ancient  stone 
altar,  may  also  date  from  the  thirteenth  century, 
although  its  doorway  and  windows  are  of  much  later 
date.  Another  specimen  of  Early  English  work  may 
be  seen  in  the  upper  part  of  the  curious  opening 
between  the  southern  transept  and  the  south-eastern 
chapel.  There  is,  however,  some  reason  to  doubt 
whether  it  occupies  its  original  position. 

The  agreement  made,  in  1254,  between  Reynold 
de  Mohun  and  the  monks  of  Bath  mentions  a  chapel 
of  St.  Lawrence  in  the  Priory  of  Dunster,  but  does 
not  define  its  situation.  ^  In  course  of  time  the 
chapel  of  St.  Lawrence  became  a  popular  chantry, 
served  daily  by  a  secular  chaplain,  who  was  more  or 
less  independent  of  the  Prior  and  the  Vicar  alike. 
Various  burgages  in  Dunster  were  given  or  bequeath- 
ed to  it  before  the  Reformation.  ^ 

In  1276,  Walter  Lucy  arranged  with  the  monks 
of  Bath  that  a  secular  chaplain  should  say  mass  daily 
at  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Rood,  after  matins,  for  his 
soul  and  the  souls  of  his  wives  Margery  and  Lucy, 
Robert  Lucy  and  Agnes  his  wife,  Roger  Lucy  and 
Sir  John  de  Mohun  and  Eleanor  his  wife.  ^  This 
chantry  is  described  as  '  perpetual '  in  1 308,  when  the 
chaplain  received  20s.  a  year,  but  the  allowance  had 
been  reduced  to  13J.  4^.  by  1333.*  There  was  no 
separate  endowment  for  it  and,  after  a  while,  the  Lucy 

>  D.C.M.  XVI,  I.  See  above,  p.  31.  221. 

»  D.C.B.  nos.  80,  91,  92,  93  ;  D.C.M.  '  Two  Chartularies  of  Bath,  L.  368. 

XV.  5  ;  Somerset  Chantries,  pp.  42,  219-  *  Ibid.  L.  679,  745. 


390  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

mass  seems  to  have  been  undertaken  by  the  Vicar  or 
one  of  the  other  secular  priests  connected  with  the 
church.  The  altar  of  the  Holy  Rood  presumably 
stood  at  the  end  of  the  nave,  close  to  the  north-western 
pier  of  the  tower,  and  almost  under  the  crucifix  from 
which  it  took  its  name. 

By  a  will  dated  and  proved  in  1369,  Gilbert  Scutt 
of  Dunster  directed  that  3//^.  of  wax  should  be  made 
into  two  candles  to  burn  by  his  corpse  on  the  night 
and  the  day  of  his  burial,  and  afterwards  to  burn  re- 
spectively before  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Rood  and  in 
the  chapel  of  Our  Lady.  ^ 

Although  a  Prior  of  Dunster  is  specifically  men- 
tioned before  1262,  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  little 
Benedictine  house  at  that  place  had  then  any  definite 
organisation.  ^  A  document  of  the  year  1330  describes 
it  as  being  of  the  foundation  of  John  de  Mohuii, 
recently  deceased,  and  Ada  his  wife,  and  fixes  the 
number  of  members  at  five,  that  is  to  say  a  Prior  and 
four  brethren.  ^  This  was  doubtless  the  John  de 
Mohun  for  whose  soul  the  monks  continued  to 
distribute  6s.  %d,  yearly  among  the  poor  until  the 
dissolution  of  the  establishment  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
the  Eighth. " 

Under  an  arrangement  made  between  1290  and 
1 30 1,  the  Prior  and  monks  of  Dunster  used  to  pay 
20  marks  a  year  to  the  mother  house  at  Bath  for  the 
two  churches  of  Carhampton,  of  which  half  a  mark 
was  due  to  the  chamberlain  on  the  feast  of  St.  Carantoc 
and  a  like  amount  on  the  anniversary  of  Martin,  Prior 
of  Dunster.  ^  There  is  mention  in  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  Second  of  a  church  of  St.  Carantoc  at  Carhamp- 


'  D.C.B.  no.  12.  ■•  Valor  Ecclesiasticus,  vol.  i.  p.  220. 

"  Two  Chartuhvics  of  Bath,  L.  241.  *  D.C.M.  xvi,3. 

»  Ibid.  L.  694. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  391 

ton.  ^  The  existing  church  is  dedicated  to  St.  John 
the  Baptist. 

When  Robert  of  Sutton,  Prior  of  Bath,  was  turned 
out  of  his  place  in  order  to  make  room  for  a  papal 
nominee,  he  was  sent  to  rule  the  little  community  at 
Dunster,  and  endued  with  special  power  to  choose 
his  own  associates.  An  allowance  of  20/.  assigned  to 
him,  in  1332,  for  the  increase  of  his  position  and 
honour,  seems  to  have  been  purely  personal.  ^ 

John  de  Mohun  the  Fifth  issued  three  charters  in 
favour  of  the  Benedictine  house  that  stood  almost 
under  his  castle.  The  first  of  them,  dated  in  1341 
when  he  was  only  just  of  full  age,  is  a  general  con- 
firmation of  the  gifts  of  his  ancestors  to  the  church  ot 
St.  George  and  the  monks,  specifying  all  the  endow- 
ments mentioned  above  and  some  others,  that  is  to 
say  pasture  called  Fowlersmarsh,  land  called  Frackford 
(situate  between  Dunster  and  Avill),  a  ferling  of  the 
manor  of  Cutcombe  at  Chaldewell,  another  ferling 
between  Stentwill  and  Cowbridge  mill,  several  burgages 
in  Dunster  and  the  tithes  of  Combe  and  Codford. ' 

In  this  connexion  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that,  at  a 
somewhat  later  period,  the  monks  of  Bath  interpolated 
a  mention  of  the  tithes  of  Shurton,  Combe,  Codford 
and  Exford  into  a  copy  of  the  charter  of  the  first 
William  de  Mohun.  ^  Although  the  actual  charter 
has  long  since  disappeared,  the  earlier  copy  of  it  at 
Cambridge  and  several  confirmations  of  it  show  clearly 
that  these  tithes  were  not  named  as  part  of  the  original 
endowment.  The  monks  had  recourse  to  falsification 
in  order  to  support  claims  of  which  some  at  any  rate 
needed  no  such  assistance. 

'  Historical    MSS.    Comm.    Tenth  »  Register  of  Bishop  Ralph  (S.R.S.) 

Report,  App.  vi,  p.  73  ;  Leiand's  Itin-  pp.  121,  176. 

erary ;  Savage's  Hundred  of  Carhamp-  *  Dugdale's  M(5»a5//co7i,vol.  iv.  p.202. 

/on,  p.  287.  *  Tivo  Chartularics  of  Bath,  L.  8:^4. 


392  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii 

By  a  second  charter,  dated  in  August  1342,  John 
de  Mohun  remitted  to  the  Benedictine  monks  a  yearly- 
rent  of  Ss.  dd.  due  to  him  from  burgages  which  they 
had  acquired  in  the  town  of  Dunster,  and  a  yearly 
rent  of  lib.  of  pepper  from  Kilton.  He  also  gave 
them  common  of  pasture  on  Croydon  for  all  their 
beasts  at  Cowbridge,  pasture  on  Grabbist,  and  twelve 
cartloads  of  windfall  wood  for  fuel  from  Marsh  wood 
Park,  and  the  '  foreign  '  woods  of  Dunster,  provided 
that  the  carts  should  not  be  too  large  to  be  drawn  by 
two  horses.  ^  His  third  charter  was  merely  a  con- 
firmation of  the  second,  and  the  necessity  for  its  issue 
is  not  obvious.  ^ 

In  connexion  with  the  endowments  of  the  Priory, 
it  may  here  be  mentioned  that  the  monastic  estate  in 
Dunster  and  the  neighbourhood  was  a  manor  quite 
distinct  from  that  of  the  Mohuns  and  Luttrells. 
None  of  the  original  court-rolls  remain,  but  some 
extracts  from  them  record  the  admission  of  tenants 
for  life.  ^  On  the  other  hand,  the  Priory  was  merely 
a  *  cell '  subordinate  to  the  larger  establishment  at 
Bath,  whose  Prior  and  Convent  sometimes  exercised 
the  right  of  granting  leases,  corrodies,  and  the  like.  * 

There  is  mention  in  1 345  of  the  sumptuous  build- 
ings erected  by  Adam  of  Cheddar,  who  had  been 
appointed  Prior  of  Dunster  some  eight  years  before.  ^ 
It  is,  however,  uncertain  whether  these  were  at  Duns- 
ter or  at  Bath,  where  he  then  occupied  the  office  of 
Chamberlain  of  the  great  Benedictine  house.  The 
earliest  existing  remains  of  the  monastic  buildings  at 
the  former  place  date  only  from  the  first  half  of  the 
fifteenth  century. 

Adam  of  Cheddar  may  have  had  something  to  do 

1  D.C.M.  XVI.  3.  ^  Two  Chartttlaries  of  Bath,  passim. 

D.C.M.  XVI.  6.  *  Ibid.  L.  780,  876,  880. 

D.C.M.  VIII.  2  ;  D.C.B.  no.  51. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  393 

with  the  erection  of  the  great  piers  connected  with 
pointed  arches  that  carry  the  central  tower  of  the 
church.  From  the  fact  that  there  are  four  such  arches, 
uniform  in  size  and  design,  it  is  clear  that  the  build- 
ing was  intended  to  be  cruciform  at  the  time  of  their 
erection  in  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century  or 
soon  after.  The  two  eastern  piers  are  supported  by 
angle-buttresses  which  project  through  the  chancel 
into  the  chapels  on  either  side  of  it.  The  other  two 
piers  are  built  against  the  massive  Norman  work  at 
the  eastern  end  of  the  nave,  and  consequently  occupy 
a  larger  space. 

In  January  1357,  as  it  appears,  a  very  interesting 
agreement  (pees)  was  made,  in  the  presence  of  Sir 
John  de  Mohun,  between  Richard  of  Childeston,  Prior 
of  Dunster,  and  the  monks  on  the  one  side,  and  the 
parishioners  on  the  other,  with  regard  to  the  services 
of  the  church,  the  provision  of  lights,  and  the  repair 
and  maintenance  of  the  aisles  (les  eles)  and  the  central 
tower  [ie  clocher) .  ^  The  following  is  a  summary  of 
the  terms  which  are  recorded  in  clumsy  French  : — 

(i)  On  festivals  and  Sundays,  the  Prior  and  the 
monks  shall  begin  their  service  at  such  a  time  that 
high  mass  may  be  said  in  summer,  between  Easter 
and  Michaelmas,  by  the  hour  of  tierce  (nine  o'clock), 
and  in  winter,  between  Michaelmas  and  Easter,  by 
twelve  o'clock  {kur  de  midy  ou  nonne)  at  latest.     The 

'  The  agreement  is  dated  "  in  the  with  that  of  the  lower   part  of  the 

thirteenth  year  of  the  reign  of  King  existing  tower.    Furthermore  it  should 

Edward,  Friday  next  after  the  feast  of  be  observed  that  in  1302  the  feast  of 

St.   Wulstan. "     The   absence   of   any  .St.  Wulstan  fell  on  a  Friday  and  that 

numeral  after  the  name  of  the  King  in  the  week  following  there  came  the 

suggests  that  it  may  have  been  drawn  feast  of  the  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  far 

up  in  1302,  and  Richard  of  Childeston  more  important  in  the  calendar.     In 

may    be    identified    with     a    certain  1357,  there  was  a  Friday  only  one  day 

'  Richard ',  who  was  Prior  of  Dunster  after  the  feast  of  St.  Wulstan.     This 

in  1301.     On  the  other  hand,  the  use  year  seems   on  the   whole   the   more 

of  the  French  language  suggests  the  probable  of  the  two. 
later  date,  which  would  agree  better 


394  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

monk  who  is  to  perform  the  high  mass  shall  bless  the 
water,  and  shall  sprinkle  it  throughout  the  church  if 
the  Vicar  be  not  ready  to  do  so.  The  Prior,  the 
monks,  and  the  Vicar  shall  unite  in  one  procession, 
after  which  the  high  mass  shall  be  begun  at  the  altar 
of  St.  George.  There  the  parishioners  shall  make 
their  offerings  four  times  a  year.  On  festivals,  the 
Vicar  may  begin  to  say  mass  privately  at  the  altar 
of  the  Holy  Rood  for  his  parishioners  after  the  reading 
of  the  gospel  at  the  high  mass. 

(2)  At  Christmas,  Epiphany,  Easter,  Trinity,  and 
the  feasts  of  St.  John  Baptist  and  Sts.  Peter  and  Paul, 
the  parishioners  shall  provide  two  candles  (cirges),  and 
the  Prior  a  third,  to  burn  on  the  altar  of  St.  George 
at  vespers,  at  matins,  at  the  high  mass,  and  at  the 
second  vespers,  and  at  these  festivals  the  parishioners 
shall  provide  candles  (chandeles)  for  the  choir  as  necess- 
ity may  require.  On  the  three  days  before  Easter, 
the  parishioners  shall  provide  all  the  lights  for  the 
hearse  {la  herte)  except  the  '  Judas, '  which  the  Prior 
and  the  monks  shall  provide,  and  the  parishioners 
shall  provide  candles  for  the  choir,  any  remains  being 
saved.  The  parishioners  shall  provide  one  half  of  the 
Paschal  Candle,  and  the  monks  the  other  half.  After 
the  feast  of  the  Trinity,  any  of  the  wax  of  the  Paschal 
Candle  remaining  over  shall  be  divided  evenly  between 
the  monks  and  the  parishioners.  The  parishioners 
shall  provide  a  lamp  to  burn  before  the  altar  of  St. 
George  at  night  for  ever,  and  the  monks  shall  provide 
another  lamp  to  burn  there  by  day.  For  other  lights, 
the  parishioners  shall  give  to  the  Prior  and  monks 
two  pounds  of  wax  at  Michaelmas  yearly  for  ever. 

(3)  The  Prior  shall  repair  and  roof  (cover a)  the 
tower  suitably  without  defect,  and  shall  receive  from 
the  parishioners   8  marks  in  three  instalments.      He 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  395 

shall  roof  and  for  ever  maintain  (amenderd)  the  chapel 
of  Our  Lady  and  the  dorter  aisle  {la  ele  dortur) .  The 
parishioners  shall  for  ever  maintain  the  chapel  of 
St.  Leonard  and  the  aisle  between  the  chapel  of  St. 
Lawrence  and  the  tower. 

The  terms  of  the  agreement  point  to  the  existence 
of  the  usual  rivalry  between  the  regular  and  the  secular 
clergy,  the  parishioners  sympathising  with  the  latter. 
The  monks  had  their  stalls  in  the  chancel,  or,  far  less 
probably,  beneath  the  unfinished  tower,  and  they  had 
the  exclusive  right  to  use  the  altar  of  St.  George  for 
high  mass,  with  deacon  and  subdeacon  and  music, 
while  the  vicar  was  restricted  to  saying  low  mass  in 
the  nave  of  the  church.  Nevertheless  his  was  the 
more  popular  service,  as  shown  by  the  monks'  stipu- 
lation that  the  lay-folk  should  contribute  to  the 
offertory  at  their  mass  four  times  a  year. 

The  '  hearse '  mentioned  above  was  a  triangular 
frame  for  the  candles  used  at  the  service  called  Tenebra 
on  three  afternoons  in  Holy  Week,  and  the  '  Judas ' 
was  apparently  a  false  candle  connected  therewith. 
As  it  is  not  likely  that  the  great  Paschal  Candle  was 
to  be  made  in  two  sections,  we  must  suppose  that  each 
of  the  parties  to  the  agreement  was  to  contribute  an 
equal  amount  of  wax  towards  it,  the  surplus  being 
divisible  between  them  after  it  had  burned  for  the 
appointed  period.  ^ 

Proceeding  to  important  questions  with  regard  to 
the  fabric  of  the  church,  the  agreement  presupposes 
that  the  monks  were  responsible  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  chancel,  and  the  parishioners  for  that  of  the 

'  For  notices  of  the   'Judas',   see  pp.  168-170  ;  Feasey's //o/>' W^cft  Ccj-tf- 

Archaeologia,  vol.  xiv.  p.  119;  vol.  i.  moiiial,  p.  91  ;  Micklethwaite's  Orna- 

p.  44  ;  iVtw  English  Dictionary,  s.  v  ;  nients  of  lite  Rubric,  p.  53. 
Fowler's  Memorials  of  Ripon,  vol.  iii.  -  See  Customary  0]  St.  Aiigtistiiie's, 

p.2i2;Woids\\'orth'&  Medieval  Scn'ices,  Canterbury,  p.  121. 


396  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

nave.  Both  parties  were  interested  in  the  tower.  In 
the  division  of  liability  for  the  rest  of  the  church,  the 
monks  undertook  the  Lady  Chapel  and  the  adjoining 
northern  transept,  styled  the  '  dorter  aisle  ',  whence 
a  flight  of  steps  presumably  led  up  to  their  '  dorter  ', 
or  dormitory.  The  parishioners  undertook  the  south- 
ern transept  giving  access  to  the  chapel  of  St.  Law- 
rence, which  may  be  located  to  the  east  of  it. 

Whatever  Richard  of  Childeston  may  have  done 
to  the  tower,  most  of  it  dates  only  from  the  fifteenth 
century.  In  the  heart  of  the  north-western  pier 
there  is  a  spiral  staircase  leading  from  the  nave  to  the 
roof.  A  four-centred  doorway  some  way  up  on  the 
southern  side  of  it  formerly  gave  access  to  a  roodloft, 
or  gallery,  stretching  across  to  the  south-western  pier. 
The  date  of  this  wooden  structure,  long  since  removed, 
is  fixed  by  the  will  of  William  Pynsoun  "  citizen  of 
Dunster,  "  who,  in  1420,  bequeathed  6s.  8^.  to  the 
work  of  the  new  loft  of  the  Holy  Rood  fad  opus  tiovi 
solarii  Sancte  CrucisJ  in  the  church  there.  ^ 

Below  the  roodloft,  or  rather  a  little  eastward  of 
it,  there  was  the  usual  open  screen,  the  former  situa- 
tion of  which  is  marked  by  notches  on  the  western 
archway  of  the  tower.  The  roodloft  and  this  screen 
were  probably  connected  by  a  deep  cove,  purely  orna- 
mental, but  giving  an  appearance  of  support  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  lofty  structure.  A  screen  now 
standing  under  the  eastern  arch  of  the  south  transept, 
and  clearly  dating  from  the  first  half  of  the  fifteenth 
century,    may    be    identified  with   that   which   was 

'  The  very  indifferent  scholar  who  and  Priory,  p.  14.)    William  Hamper, 

transcribed  this  will  in  1716  was  in  the  of  Birminfjham,    who    obtained  pos- 

first  instance  unable  to   decipher  the  session  of  the  original  will,  has  fortun- 

last  of  the  Latin  words  quoted  above,  ately  given  a  quotation  from  it  which 

and  afterwards  guessed  it  to  be  Trini-  is  clearly  more  correct.     (Gentleman's 

talis.     D.C.B.   no.    16.     Mr.   Hancock  Magazine,  vol.  Ixxviii.  p.  877.) 
has   followed  him.     (Dunster  Chnrch 


X 

:) 

ci 

X 

UJ 

D 

X 

O 
(0 

{) 

id 

ai 

S 

UJ 

Uh 

s 

r/2 

c 

:z 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  397 

then  set  up  under  the  western  archway  of  the  tower. 

WilHam  Pynsoun  mentioned  above  further  be- 
queathed 40J-.  to  the  building  of  a  new  bell-tower  and 
20s.  towards  a  new  bell.'  The  lower  stage  of  the 
tower  above  the  roof  of  the  church  has  a  window  of 
two  lights  on  each  of  its  four  sides,  and  was  clearly 
built  about  this  period. 

In  1443,  the  parish  of  Dunster  resolved  to  com- 
plete the  work,  and  accordingly  entered  into  a  con- 
tract with  a  certain  John  Marys  of  Stoke  Courcy  for 
the  addition  of  two  upper  stages.  According  to  the 
terms  of  this  interesting  document  written  in  English, 
the  tower  was  to  be  a  hundred  feet  high  above  the 
'  gras-tabyl '  or  plinth.  There  were  to  be  three 
'  French  '  buttresses,  that  is  to  say  angle-buttresses 
*  fining, '  or  diminishing,  at  the  '  water-table,  '  or 
string-course,  and  three  '  gargylles, '  one  at  each  angle. 
In  the  fourth  angle  there  was  to  be  a  '  vice, '  or 
spiral  staircase.  The  top  of  the  tower  was  to  be 
adorned  with  a  '  batylment '  and  four  '  pynacles,  '  one 
of  which  was  to  be  placed  '  upon  the  vice,  after 
reson  and  gode  proportion. '  On  the  first  new  stage, 
called  'the  first  flore,'  there  were  to  be  two  windows, 
one  on  the  north  side  and  the  other  on  the  south, 
each  of  one  *  day, '  or  light,  with  four  '  genelas,  '  or 
cusps.  At  the  '  bell-bed  '  there  were  to  be  four  win- 
dows, each  of  two  '  days '  separated  by  a  '  moynell  ' 
or  mullion,  and  further  divided  horizontally  by  a 
'trawnsom'  designed  by  a  freemason  named  Richard 
Pope.  The  main  walls  to  be  built  by  Marys  were  to 
be  4  feet  thick  up  to  the  '  bell-bed  '  and  3  feet  6 
inches  thick  above.  The  parish  undertook  to  provide 
all  the  material  and  the  necessary  appliances,  such  as 
'  ropes,  poleys,  winchchys  '  and  the  like,  and  to  pay 

»  D.C.B.  no.  16. 


398  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

Marys  1 3^.  4<^.  per  foot  for  '  workemanchyppe,  ' 
with  20J-.  extra  for  carving  the  pinnacles.  '  JHe  had 
apparently  only  one  or  two  assistants,  and  he  was 
allowed  three  years  for  the  completion  of  the  work.  ^ 

The  absence  in  this  elaborate  contract  of  any  allusion 
to  the  lower  stage  of  the  tower  may  fairly  be  taken 
to  show  that  it  was  already  in  existence.  On  the 
other  hand  the  reference  to  the  '  gras-tabyl '  as  a  level 
from  which  measurements  could  be  taken  is  worthy 
of  notice. 

Both  the  transepts  appear  to  have  been  rebuilt  or 
altered  shortly  after  the  completion  of  the  tower. 
The  southern  one,  being  visible  from  the  town,  is 
the  more  ornamented  of  the  two,  and  has  on  the  outside 
a  canopied  niche  on  either  side  of  a  large  window 
over  the  door.  The  north-eastern  chapel,  presumably 
the  Lady  Chapel,  must  also  have  been  rebuilt 
in  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century,  the  arch  which 
connects  it  with  the' northern  transept  being  purer 
in  style  than  most  of  the  Perpendicular  work  in  the 
church.  About  the  same  time,  a  large  window  was 
inserted  in  the  eastern  wall  of  the  chancel  and  another 
over  the  western  door.  The  chapel  of  St.  Lawrence 
on  the  east  side  of  the  southern  transept  seems  to 
have  been  enlarged  and  rebuilt  in  the  later  part  of 
the  fifteenth  century.  The  octagonal  font  in  the  nave 
seems  also  to  date  from  the  same  period. 

One  remarkable  fact  in  connexion  with  the  contract 
of  1443  is  that  it  contains  no  reference  whatever  to 
the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Dunster.  The  monks  had 
apparently  relaxed  their  interest  in  the  western  part 
of  the  church.      A  will  of  John  Batelyn  of  Dunster, 

'  Arclicvologkal  Journal,  vol.  xxxviii,  first  stage  to  be  built  by  Marj's.  Those 

p.  217,  from  D.C.B.  no.  15.    The  walls  of   the   lower   and    earlier    stage   are 

of  the  clockchamber  are  4  feet  thick,  6  inches  thicker,  and  the  arches  that 

thus  corresponding  with  those  of  the  carry  the  tower  are  4  feet  9  inches  thick. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  399 

made  in  1420,  is  interesting  as  bequeathing  a  pair  of 
silver  cruets  apiece  to  the  high  altar,  the  parochial 
altar,  and  the  altar  of  St.  Lawrence.  ^  We  may  fairly 
infer  that  these  were  the  altars  at  which  he  was  wont 
to  worship  on  particular  days  or  at  particular  hours. 
The  '  parochial  altar '  was  presumably  that  or  the 
Holy  Rood  mentioned  in  the  formal  agreement  of 
the  previous  century.  In  the  ordinary  course,  the 
high  altar  was  served  by  a  monk,  the  parochial  altar 
by  the  Vicar,  and  the  altar  of  St.  Lawrence  by  its  own 
chaplain.  The  altar  of  Our  Lady  had  no  special 
priest  attached  to  it,  and  was  probably  served  by  one 
of  the  monks. 

Later  in  the  fifteenth  century,  a  chantry  was  found- 
ed at  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  which  is  described 
vaguely  as  situate  "  in  the  parochial  church  of  Duns- 
ter.  "  Its  exact  position  there  is  not  defined.  The 
founders  of  it  appear  to  have  been  Henry  Frank  and 
Christina  his  wife,  and  William  Cadman  alias  Gierke 
and  Alice  his  wife.  Some  of  the  original  trustees  had 
died  before  1491,  when  the  survivors  assigned  the 
endowments  to  a  secular  chaplain  named  Richard 
Baker  for  the  term  of  his  life.  His  primary  duty 
was  to  celebrate  mass  daily  for  the  founders  and  the 
trustees  at  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  but  he  was 
also  bound  to  assist  "in  the  choir"  of  the  "parochial 
church  "  on  Sundays  and  holy  days  "  with  the  other 
priests,  "  presumably  the  monks,  and  the  chaplain  of 
the  chantry  of  St.  Lawrence.  ^ 

In  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Seventh,  the  Prior  and 
Convent  of  Bath  applied  to  the  Lord  Privy  Seal  for 
remedy  of  certain  wrongs  which,  they  said,  had  been 
done  to  their  brethren  at  Dunster.  Their  main  griev- 
ances were  : — 

'  D.C.M.  VIII.  2.  document  in  Mr.  Hancock's  book  (p.  15. 

*  D.C.B.  no.  94.  The  version  of  this      is  unfortunate. 


400  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

(i)  That,  whereas  the  Prior  had  been  wont  to  re- 
ceive a  fee  of  6s.  8^/.  "  for  breking  of  the  grounde  "  in 
the  church  "  for  every  sepulture  there  made,  "  certain 
persons  had  taken  upon  themselves  "  to  breke  the 
said  grounde  "  without  his  "  licence  or  favour,  "  and 
without  payment  to  him. 

(2)  That  the  parishioners  had  caused  holy  water  to 
be  "  halowed  within  the  bodie  of  the  churche,  con- 
trarie  to  tholde  custome  and  to  there  composicion.  " 

(3)  That  they  had  withdrawn  their  customary 
offerings  to  the  Prior  "  at  wedynges  and  at  bury- 
ynges,  as  was  wele  shewd  at  the  buryyng  of  the 
modre  of  Maistir  Loty,  gentilman.  " 

(4)  That  they  would  not  suffer  any  citation  or 
privy  seal  "  to  be  executed  there  within  a  certeyn 
brigge.  " 

(5)  That  "  to  fulfill  and  satisfie  theire  croked  appe- 
tites, thei  toke  up  the  bell  roopis  and  said  that  the 
Priour  and  Convent  there  shuld  have  no  bellis  there 
to  ryng. " 

The  principal  persons  banded  together  were  stated 
to  be  "  Sir  William  Harries,  vicary  there,  wiche  bathe 
cure  of  there  soules,  and  shuld  move  and  councell 
them  to  be  of  better  condicions  to  Goddes  pleasure,  " 
but  who  "  contrary  to  his  dewtie  comfortethe  them 
in  theire  ill  doinges  and  wulnot  that  they  shuld  be 
refourmed  to  a  better  and  a  more  godlie  way;  Thomas 
Upcote,  merchaunt;  Thomas  Kodogon,  yeoman;  John 
Withur,  baker  ;  Adam  Wilkyns,  clothemaker  ;  Wil- 
liam Crasse,  bocher ;  Symond  Pers,  yoman  ;  John 
Greyme,yoman;  John  Philippis, tanner;  John  Paynter, 
harbour;   John  Morgan,  parker  ;   Martyn   Glover."  * 

No  answer  on  behalf  of  these  persons  has  been 
preserved.      We   may,  however,   reasonably   suppose 

'  star  Chamber  Proceedings,  Hen.  vn.  no.  122. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  401 

them  to  have  contended  that  the  complainants  had 
no  concern  with  weddings,  funerals,  and  other  services 
conducted  by  the  Vicar  in  the  body  of  the  church, 
that  is  to  say  in  the  part  lying  to  the  west  of  the 
chancel  in  which  the  monks  had  their  stalls  and  said 
their  offices.  With  regard  to  the  bells,  it  has  been 
seen  already  that  the  upper  part  of  the  central  tower 
in  which  they  hung  had  been  built  at  the  cost  of 
the  parish,  and  that  the  staircase  leading  up  to  them 
was  accessible  only  from  the  nave. 

There  seems  to  be  some  error  as  to  the  Christian 
name  of  the  chief  offender.  A  certain  Richard 
Harris  was  Vicar  of  Dunster  from  1485  to  1494  ; 
William  Harris,  clerk,  who  is  mentioned  in  a  local 
court-roll  of  1509,  was  probably  one  of  the  chantry 
priests.  ^  It  may  be  noted  by  the  way  that  Thomas 
Upcot,  Thomas  Codogan,  yeoman  of  the  Crown,  an 
ancestor  of  Earl  Cadogan,  Simon  Pers  and  John 
Gryme  alike  left  money  to  the  Prior  of  Dunster  by 
wills  proved  in  the  earlier  years  of  the  sixteenth 
century.  ^  John  Wyther  the  baker,  their  associate, 
is  commemorated  by  a  brass  in  the  church  bearing 
the  following  inscription  : — 

Of  gour  c^drite  pxa^  for  t$e  bouUb  of  %o^n 
Wgt^er  et  (^^nts  §10  wgf  et  %o^n  Wgt^er  t^eir 
efbest  0one,  yo^obc  Bobgc  restget^  unber  i^ia  etone 
anno  bomini  tniffefitmo  ccccfxxxm)  ptnudimo  bte  §ti(ft 
emBrie  txv^ci(Xnbo  generdfem  reBurrecconem  mortuorum 
et  loitam  eterndtn,  dmen* 

Above  this  are  the  figures  of  a  man  and  a  woman.  ^ 

1  D.C.M.  XIII.  3.  mental  Brasses,  vol.  ii.  p.  179.     See  the 

*  Somerset  Medieval  Wills,  vol.  ii.pp.  cuts  of  them  on  the  ne.xt  page.     John 

60,  139,  158,  175.  Wyther  was  amerced  20fi.  in  1448  for 

»  Haines  thinks  that  the  figures  were  buying  corn  in  Dunster  market  before 

not    engraved   until  about    1520,   and  9  o'clock.  D.M.C.  xii.  3.     John  Wyther 

suggests  a  doubt  whether  the  inscrip-  the  younger  made    his   will   in    1532. 

tion  refers  to  them.     Manual  of  Monu-  Weavers  I17(7/s  H7//.s,  p.  72. 


402 


A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 


Fresh  disputes  between  the  monks  and  the  lay-folk 
arose  ere  long,  and  it  was  eventually  agreed  to  refer 
the  questions  at  issue  to  arbitration.  On  the  one 
side  were  the  Prior  and  Convent  of  the  cathedral 
church    of  Bath,   impropriators    of   the    church    of 


JOHN    WYTHER 


AGNES    WYTHER 


Dunster,  and  Dan  Thomas  Browne  and  the  Convent 
of  the  cell  of  Dunster,  who  are  explicitly  described 
as  removeable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  superior  author- 
ity. On  the  other  side  were  William  Bond,  Vicar 
of  the  parish  church  of  Dunster,  and  Sir  Hugh  Lut- 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  403 

trell,  the  representative  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town.  The  three  arbitrators  chosen  were  Richard, 
Abbot  of  Glastonbury,  Thomas  Tremayle,  one  of  the 
king's  justices,  and  Thomas  Gilbert,  a  doctor  of  canon 
law.  ^  By  their  means  an  agreement  was  made  at 
Glastonbury  on  the  4th  of  April  1498  and  ratified 
by  the  five  seals  of  the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Bath, 
the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Dunster,  the  Vicar  of 
Dunster,  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  and  the  parish  of  Dun- 
ster. The  terms,  set  out  at  considerable  length  in 
legal  phraseology,  were  to  the  following  eff^ect  : — 

(i)That  the  Vicar,  renouncing  all  previous  endow- 
ments, should  receive  from  the  Prior  of  Dunster  an 
allowance  of  8/.  a  year,  paid  quarterly,  and  should 
continue  to  occupy  the  house  in  which  he  then  lived, 
upon  condition  of  keeping  it  in  repair,  and,  if  neces- 
sary, of  rebuilding  it. 

(2)  That  the  Vicar  should  have  all  offerings  made  by 
devout  lay  folk  for  the  celebration  of  obits,  trentals, 
anniversaries,  private  masses,  and  prayers,  known  as 
"  the  bederaele  penys,  "  the  Prior  and  Convent  con- 
tinuing to  receive  other  ecclesiastical  payments  due 
to  them  as  impropriators  of  the  church. 

(3)  That  the  Vicar  should  have  a  choir  independent 
{separatum)  of  the  Prior  and  monks,  to  be  made  and 
maintained  at  the  cost  of  the  parishioners  "  in  the 
nave  of  the  church,  that  is  to  say  at  the  altar  of  St. 
James  the  Apostle,  which  is  situate  on  the  south  side 
of  the  door  (hostium)  which  leads  from  the  choir  of 
the  monks  into  the  nave  of  the  church.  " 

(4)  That  in  this  choir  the  Vicar,  having  the  cure  of 
souls,  should,  without  interference  on  the  part  of  the 
Prior   and   monks,   administer  the    sacraments    and 

*  Thomas  Tremayle  was  the  owner      in  1509.     D.C.M.  xiil.  3. 
of  8J  burgages  in  Dunster.     He  died 


404  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

celebrate  sacramentals,  to  wit  the  hallowing  of  water, 
bread,  candles  at  the  Purification,  ashes  on  the  first 
Wednesday  in  Lent,  flowers  and  boughs,  and  the  con- 
secration of  fonts,  receiving  the  customary  offerings 
on  behalf  of  the  Prior  and  monks. 

(5)  That  the  Vicar  and  the  parishioners  should  be 
free  to  make  processions  from  their  choir  in  the  church 
or  in  the  graveyard  on  any  day  of  the  year  except  on 
thirteen  important  festivals,  to  wit  those  of  Christ- 
mas, Epiphany,  Palm  Sunday,  Easter,  Ascension  Day, 
Whitsunday,  Trinity  Sunday,  Corpus  Christi,  the 
Purification,  St.  George,  the  Assumption,  All  Saints, 
and  the  Dedication  of  the  Church,  on  each  of  which 
there  was  to  be  a  joint  procession  in  the  church  or 
in  the  graveyard  according  to  season  and  weather. 
On  these  days,  the  little  band  of  monks  "  coming 
through  the  middle  of  their  own  choir  "  was  to  be 
met  by  the  rest  of  the  congregation  as  they  began  to 
issue  through  (egredi)  "  the  door  {liostium)  on  the 
north  side  "  of  the  new  parochial  choir.  Then  the 
bearer  of  the  monks'  cross  and  the  bearer  of  the  parish 
cross  were  to  walk  side  by  side,  followed  by  the 
clerks,  the  Vicar,  the  monks,  the  Prior  and  the  lay 
folk.  On  their  return,  the  two  bodies  were  to 
separate  at  "  the  same  door, "  the  monks  passing 
through  {tngredientibus)  it  and  the  Vicar  and  his 
clerks  returning  to  their  choir,  to  finish  divine  service.  ^ 

Under  this  new  system,  the  parishioners  were 
released  from  any  obligation  to  attend  mass  in  the 
chancel,  and  the  Vicar  was  empowered  to  celebrate 
high  mass  in  the  western  part  of  the  church,  even  on 
the  principal  festivals  of  the  ecclesiastical  year. 

The  arrangements  made  by  the  arbitrators  of  1498 
were    materially  altered  a  few    years  later.      By    an 

'  Register  of  Bishop  King,  f.  45. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  405 

ordinance  issued  in  i  5  i  2,  Cardinal  Hadrian  de  Castello, 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  reduced  the  yearly  stipend 
of  the  Vicar  of  Dunster  from  8/.  to  4/.  On  the 
other  hand  he  decreed  that  the  Vicar  should  receive 
free  meals  in  the  monastic  refectory,  sitting  at  table 
below  the  Prior  and  brethren,  but  sharing  in  their  food 
and  in  the  refreshments  provided  by  the  fireside  in 
the  winter  evenings.  He  also  assigned  to  the  Vicar 
a  small  meadow,  a  rent  of  2s.  from  a  fulling-mill  and 
the  rent  of  the  former  vicarage,  the  Prior  being 
required  to  provide  for  him  a  room  adjoining  the 
graveyard.  Furthermore  the  payments  made  by  the 
lay-folk  for  the  publication  of  the  '  Bedrolle  '  after 
the  Gospel  at  high  mass,  and  the  offerings  made  by 
them  when  going  to  confession  in  Lent,  were  specifi- 
cally made  over  to  the  Vicar.  ^ 

The  award  of  1498  had  important  and  lasting 
effects  upon  the  church  of  Dunster,  the  parishioners 
soon  proceeding  to  remodel  all  the  western  part  of  it 
in  order  to  suit  their  new  requirements.  There  is 
reason  to  believe  that,  in  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  they  lowered  the  Norman  walls  of  the  nave, 
connecting  them  with  a  new  wooden  roof,  and  that 
they  built,  or  rebuilt,  an  aisle  on  either  side. 

In  I  504,  Thomas  Upcot  of  Dunster  bequeathed  ten 
tons  of  iron  to  the  fabric  of  the  church  of  St.  George, 
"  that  is  to  the  new  aisle  there  to  be  built  or  repaired 
on  the  north  side,  "  on  condition  that  the  work  should 
be  undertaken  within  three  years.  ^  The  use  of  the 
word  '  repair  '  seems  to  indicate  that  there  was  already 
an  adjunct  to  the  nave  on  this  side.  In  any  case  it 
is  not  likely  that  the  monks  would  have  allowed  the 
parishioners  to  encroach   upon  their  ground  for  an 


Register  of  Bishop  Hadrian,  f.  104.       p.  60. 
Somerset  Medieval    Wills,   vol.  ii. 


4o6  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

extension  of  the  church.  As  reconstructed,  the  north- 
ern aisle  is  separated  from  the  eastern  part  of  the 
old  nave  by  four  Perpendicular  arches  resting  on 
three  pillars  with  capitals  of  an  ordinary  type.  A 
debased  capital  to  the  eastern  respond  testifies  to  the 
lateness  of  the  work.  The  aisle  is  lighted  by  a  win- 
dow in  its  western  wall,  and  four  windows  in  the 
northern  wall,  the  latter  not  uniform  in  size.  At  its 
eastern  end  the  aisle  communicates  with  the  northern 
transept. 

In  1509,  John  Gryme  of  Frackford  bequeathed  a 
considerable  sum  to  the  fabric  of  Dunster  Church, 
and,  some  eight  year  later,  his  relict  followed  his 
example,  while  specifically  limiting  her  bequest  to 
the  repair  of  the  aisle  of  the  Holy  Trinity.^  A  docu- 
ment of  the  year  1537,  written  during  the  short 
period  when  there  were  two  distinct  churches  under 
one  roof,  describes  the  chantry  of  the  Holy  Trinity 
as  being  in  the  '  parochial  '  church  of  Dunster,  and 
so  presumably  in  the  non-monastic  section.  *  It  may 
thus  be  located  either  on  the  northern  or  on  the 
southern  side  of  the  nave.  In  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  Sixth,  there  is  mention  of  the  Chantry  of  the 
Trinity  or  St.  George,  which  may  have  got  its  second 
dedication  after  the  exclusion  of  the  laity  from  the 
chancel  containing  the  original  altar  of  St.  George.  ^ 

It  has  been  seen  that  the  award  of  1498  directed 
the  Vicar  and  parishioners  to  make  a  new  choir  in  the 
nave  of  the  church  at  the  altar  of  St.  James,  which 
must  have  stood  against  the  south-western  pier  of  the 
tower,  parallel  with  the  altar  of  the  Holy  Rood 
standing  against  the  north-western  pier.  In  order  to 
do  this  they  set  up  a  very  handsome  oaken  screen  of 

•  Somerset  Medieval  Wills,  vol.   ii.  *  D.C.B.  no.  17. 

pp.  139,  193.  '  Somerset  Chantnes  (S.R.S.),  p.  221. 


X 

u 

D      . 

5  ^ 
2: 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  407 

fifteen  unequal  compartments  stretching,  like  others 
in  this  county,  right  across  the  building,  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  loft  or  gallery.  A  small  head  of 
St.  James  may  still  be  seen  in  one  of  its  spandrels 
facing  westward.  There  are  three  pairs  of  doors  in 
this  screen,  one  opposite  to  the  centre  of  the  north 
aisle,  the  second  opposite  to  the  centre  of  the  nave, 
and  the  third  approximately  opposite  to  the  centre  of 
the  south  aisle.  Over  the  middle  pair  of  doors  the 
gallery  projects  eastward,  and  it  has  been  suggested 
that  the  additional  space  there  provided  was  intended 
for  an  organ. ^  On  the  other  hand  it  is  possible  that, 
on  the  completion  of  the  screen  in  the  early  part  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  the  great  rood  was  removed  to 
it  from  its  former  position  on  a  beam  between  the  two 
western  piers  of  the  tower. 

The  gallery  over  the  new  screen  was  formerly 
approached  by  a  spiral  staircase  in  a  turret  which 
projects  into  the  churchyard  from  the  outer  wall  of 
the  south  aisle.  Between  this  turret  and  the  western 
wall  of  the  transept  there  are  three  windows  differing 
in  size,  in  design,  and  in  date.  Internally  the  south 
aisle  is  separated  from  the  nave  by  six  arches  some- 
what similar  to  the  four  arches  on  the  north  side,  but 
not  opposite  to  them.  If  the  southern  arcade  had 
been  made  to  correspond  with  the  northern,  the  cent- 
ral part  of  the  gallery  over  the  screen  would  have 
been  difficult  of  access. 

In  the  four  western  bays  of  the  southern  aisle, 
there  is  some  attempt  at  symmetry  of  plan,  but  even 
there  the  work  shows  signs  of  haste.  A  flat  wooden 
roof  divided  into  panels  and  enriched  with  carving 
fits  the  aisle  badly,  having  no  wall-plate  on  the  north 
or  on  the  south.     On  the  whole  it  seems  probable  that 

'  Proceedings  of  the  Somerset  Archccological  Society,  vol.  lii.  p.  66. 


4o8  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

both  the  aisles  were  largely  composed  of  old  materials 
put  together  without  much  skill.  Fragments  of 
round  shafts,  possibly  relics  of  a  Norman  clerestory  to 
the  nave,  may  be  recognised  in  the  south  wall,  and 
the  stonework  of  several  windows  may  have  come 
from  demolished  chapels  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
The  debased  capital  of  the  eastern  respond  of  the 
southern  arcade,  inscribed  with  the  letter  '  M  ',  is 
obviously  later  than  the  other  capitals  in  line  with  it. 
The  south  porch  may  be  ascribed  to  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Eighth,  or  even  to  that  of  James  the 
First. 

In  no  less  than  nine  wills  executed  by  inhabitants 
of  Dunster  between  the  years  1531  and  1534,  there 
are  legacies  to  "  the  four  lights  "  in  the  parish  church.  ^ 
Other  wills  refer  to  one  or  more  of  them  by  name, 
and  three  wills  executed  between  the  years  1509  and 
I  5 17  specify  their  respective  dedications  :  — 

The  Light  of  St.  George,  the  original  patron  of 
the  undivided  church. 

The  Light  of  Our  Lady. 

The  Light  of  the  Holy  Rood,  called  also  the  Light 
of  the  High  Cross. 

The  Dead  Light,  called  also  the  Light  of  Devotion.  ' 
It  may  be  further  identified  with  the  Light  of'  Wex- 
silver  '  which  is  mentioned  in  the  will  of  Ralph  of 
Cogston,  executed  in  1348.'  In  some  parishes  of 
Somerset,  a  similar  light  was  called  the  light  of  All 
Souls.  * 

In  1 5 10,  there  was  a  Light  of  St.  Leonard  in  the 
Priory  Church  of  Dunster,  presumably  in  the  monastic 
section,  whereas  those  of  Our  Lady  and  St.  George  are 


»  Weaver's  Wells  Wills,  pp.  76-80.  »  D.C.B.  no.  it. 

*  Somerset  Medieval    Wills,   vol.    ii.  *  Weaver's  Wells  Wills,  p.  vii. 

pp.  131.  '58.  175,  l«o.  193- 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  409 

distinctly  stated  at  the  same  time  to  have  been  in  the 
parochial  section,  as  were  indeed  the  other  two.  ^ 

An  image  of  St.  Christopher  is  mentioned  in  141 9, 
but  its  position  is  not  defined. ' 

The  Benedictine  monks  of  Dunster  were  ejected  in 
the  early  part  of  1539,  their  Prior  having  signed 
the  deed  of  surrender  in  company  with  the  Prior, 
the  Sub-prior  and  the  other  monks  of  the  mother 
house  at  Bath.  No  inventory  has  been  preserved  of 
the  furniture,  ornaments  and  books  found  in  the 
Priory,  but  it  would  be  possible  to  trace  in  detail  the 
subsequent  history  of  its  more  valuable  possessions. 
The  endowments  were  in  the  first  instance  divided 
into  three  sections  and  committed  to  laymen,  to  be 
made  profitable  to  the  Crown.  One  section,  consist- 
ing entirely  of  temporalities,  comprised  the  manor  of 
Alcombe  and  various  lands  in  the  parishes  of  Dunster 
and  Cutcombe  that  had  been  let  out  to  farmers.  A 
second  section,  consisting  entirely  of  spiritualities,  was 
limited  to  the  rectory  of  Carhampton.  The  remain- 
ing section,  consisting  partly  of  temporalities  and 
partly  of  spiritualities,  is  the  only  one  of  which  it  is 
proposed  to  treat  in  this  place.  It  comprised  the  site 
of  the  Priory,  with  its  demesnes  and  the  rectories  of 
Dunster  and  Kilton,  all  of  which  were  committed  to 
John  Luttrell,  a  younger  brother  of  Sir  Andrew 
Luttrell  of  Dunster  Castle,  then  lately  deceased.  ' 

After  rendering  an  account  at  Michaelmas  1939, 
which  was  duly  examined,  John  Luttrell  obtained 
from  the  Crown  a  definite  lease  of  the  premises  for 

^Somerset  Medieval    Wills,  vol.    ii.  of  S.John  attached  to  Dunster  Church  " 

p.  142.  as  stated  there  (p.  17).     At  any  rate  one 

'  D.C.B.  no.  16.     There  is  a  longer  of  the  two  quotations  ^'iven  in  support 

list   of   lights   in    Hancock's    Dunster  of   the   theory   refers    neither   to   the 

Church  and  Priory  (p.  39),  but  several  Baptist  nor  to  the  Evangelist  of  that 

of  those  mentioned  there  were  actually  name,  but  to   the  lord  of  the  neigh- 

at  Carhampton.     It  is  also  very  doubl-  bouring  manor  of  Luccombe. 
ful  whether  there  was  ever  "  a  chantry  '  Dugdale's  Monasticoii,\o\.  iv.  p.  202. 


41  o  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

twenty-one  years,  at  a  rent  exactly  corresponding  with 
the  nett  revenue  shown  in  that  account,  the  whole 
amounting  to  i  3/.  i  5^.  ']d.  Out  of  this  amount  3/. 
were  payable  in  respect  of  the  rectory  of  Kilton,  con- 
cerning which  nothing  further  need  be  said  here. 
The  other  two  sub-sections  may  be  considered  separ- 
ately. 

Under  the  terms  of  the  lease  dated  28  October 
1539,  John  Luttrell  was  to  pay  3/.  13^.  \d.  yearly 
for  "  the  site  of  the  late  house,  or  priory,  or  cell,  of 
Dunster  now  dissolved,  with  all  houses,  buildings, 
barns,  yards,  orchards,  gardens,  land  and  ground 
within  the  precinct  of  the  same,  "  land  called  Wag- 
londes,  a  close  under  '  le  Conynger, '  a  close  above 
the  highway,  a  close  at  the  head  of  the  same,  and 
lands  called  Le  Dene,  Hyllyberes,  Lower  Hillebouer, 
Alger,  Gillechappell,  Clerkelome,  Foxgrove,  Lynche, 
les  Hams,  Awcombe  Meade,  and  Birchehame,  all 
situate  in  Dunster  and  recently  in  the  occupation  of 
the  Prior.  The  Crown  reserved  all  large  trees  grow- 
ing on  the  property  thus  demised,  but  undertook  to 
provide  timber  sufficient  for  necessary  repairs.  ^  It  may 
fairly  be  presumed  that  the  lessee  saw  his  way  to  get- 
ting somewhat  more  out  of  the  land  than  it  was 
yielding  when  he  first  entered  upon  it.  Furthermore, 
he  got  the  empty  buildings  of  the  Priory,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  church,  as  a  residence  for  himself 
and  his  family. 

Although  the  confiscated  monastic  property  yielded 
a  considerable  revenue,  the  Crown  was  generally 
willing  to  sell  outright,  a  lump  sum  of  money  in 
hand  being  preferred  to  a  rent,  however  regular. 
Thus,  when  a  very  small  part  of  John  Luttrell's  term 
had  expired,  the  King,  in   March  1543,  arranged  to 

'  Augmentation  Office,  Miscellaneous  Books,  212,  ff  2d.^  3. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  411 

sell  the  rent  and  also  the  reversion  of  the  Priory  and 
demesnes  of  Dunster.  The  purchaser  was  Humphrey 
Colles,  gentleman,  who  undertook  to  pay  close  upon 
a  thousand  pounds,  a  very  large  sum  at  that  time,  for 
these  and  other  former  monastic  possessions  in  the 
west  of  England.  The  property  at  Dunster  conveyed 
to  him  was  that  specified  in  the  lease  of  1539,  the 
only  reservation  to  the  Crown  being  a  rent  of  7J.  4^., 
which  was  exactly  a  tenth  of  the  rent  payable  by 
John  Luttrell.  ^ 

An  examination  of  the  proceedings  of  Humphrey 
Colles,  after  the  issue  of  letters  patent  in  his  favour, 
makes  it  perfectly  clear  that  in  most  cases  he  was 
merely  an  agent  for  persons  who  thought  that  they 
could  purchase  monastic  property  on  better  terms 
through  him  than  in  their  own  names.  Each  of  the 
principals  got  his  or  her  pre-arranged  share.  Within 
a  few  days  of  the  date  of  the  grant  to  Colles,  he 
obtained  licence  to  transfer  his  rights  at  Dunster  to 
Dame  Margaret  Luttrell,  the  relict  of  Sir  Andrew 
and  the  mother  of  the  actual  lord  of  Dunster.  ^ 

Thenceforward  John  Luttrell  rendered  no  account 
to  the  Court  of  Augmentations  of  the  rent  payable 
by  him  for  the  site  and  the  demesnes  of  the  Priory, 
debiting  himself  only  with  'js.  4^.  a  year  described 
as  '  tithe, '  payable  to  the  Crown  and  of  course  deduct- 
ed by  him  from  the  rent  which  he  paid  to  his  sister- 
in-law.  ^ 

Lady  Luttrell  presumably  obtained  actual  possession 
of  the  Priory  in  1560.  Under  a  settlement  effected 
by  her,  and  under  her  will,  it  passed  at  her  death  to 
her  grandson  George  Luttrell,  and  it  has  ever  since 

•  Patent  Roll,  34  Hen.  VIII.  part  11,  was  party  to  a  fine  for  the  settlement 
m.  19.  of  Lady  Luttrell's  dower  in  1542. 

*  Ibid,  part  2,  m.  19;  D.C.M.  xvi.  10.  '  Ministers'    Accounts,    Hen.   VIII. 
Colles  may  have  been  a  solicitor.     He  nos.  3 148-3 150. 


412  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

been  regarded  as  an  integral  part  of  the  Luttrell 
estate.  ^  After  the  determination  of  John  Luttrell's 
lease,  the  duty  of  collecting  the  rent  of  7^.  4^.  was 
transferred  to  the  Sheriff. 

Reverting  now  to  the  year  1539,  it  is  necessary  to 
trace  briefly  the  subsequent  history  of  the  rectory  of 
Dunster  as  distinguished  from  the  Priory  and  its 
lands.  The  lease  of  that  year  assigned  to  John 
Luttrell  for  twenty-one  years  the  tithes  of  sheaves, 
wool  and  lambs,  and  all  other  small  tithes  of  Avill, 
Ellicombe,  Alcombe,  Staunton  and  Medyet,  of  the 
demesne  lands  of  Minehead,  Lophall  (sic),  Skyllacre, 
and  Dunster  fields,  and  of  the  mill  of  Dunster,  the 
Lordesfeld,  and  Exford.  The  rent  for  these  was  fixed 
at  7/.  2s.  3^.,  being  the  nett  amount  which  they  had 
yielded  in  the  previous  year,  when  John  Luttrell  was 
merely  agent  for  the  Crown.  The  lessee  was,  more- 
over, made  responsible  for  the  payment  of  a  salary 
of  8/.  to  the  Vicar  of  Dunster,  and  i  os.  9^.  yearly  to 
the  Archdeacon  of  Taunton  for  procurations  and 
synodals.  ^  The  Crown  remained  liable  for  all  other 
expenses  incident  to  an  impropriate  rectory. 

Early  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Sixth,  a  certain 
Nicholas  Gravener  made  overtures  for  the  purchase 
of  the  reversion  of  the  rectory  of  Dunster,  but  the 
negotiation  came  to  nothing,  and,  after  surrender  of 
the  subsisting  lease  and  payment  of  a  fine,  John  Luttrell 
obtained  a  fresh  lease  for  twenty-one  years,  to  run 
from  1552.  ^  He  died  six  years  later,  and  it  would 
appear  that  his  relict  Elizabeth  eventually  parted  with 
her  interest  in  the  unexpired  term  of  the  lease. 

In  1560,  the  rectory  and  the  tithes,  or  rather  the 

>  D.C.M.  XVI.   II,    17  ;    Patent   Roll,  Books,  212.  ff.  2d.,  3. 

16  Eliz.  part  12  ;  Brown's  Som«rst;/s/»re  '  Augmentation    Office,    Particulars 

Wills,  vol.  vi.  p.  15.  for  Grants,  file  1645  ;    Miscellaneous 

'  Augmentation  Office,  Miscellaneous  Books,  224,  f.  144</. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  413 

reversions  of  them,  were  sold  by  the  Crown  to  John 
Fytz,  esquire,  and  George  Fytz  his  brother.  '  The 
purchasers  were  lawyers  of  the  Inner  Temple,  and 
there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  they  had  any  idea 
of  retaining  the  tithes  of  the  parish  in  the  extreme 
west  of  Somerset.  Like  Humphrey  Colles,  they  were 
probably  intermediaries.  Within  a  few  months  of 
the  grant  to  them,  George  Sydenham  and  Elizabeth 
his  wife  conveyed  to  Hugh  Stewkley,  gentleman, 
various  houses,  barns,  orchards,  lands  and  rents  in 
Dunster,  Carhampton,  Minehead  and  Exford,  common 
of  pasture  in  Dunster,  and  also  the  rectory  of  Dunster, 
with  tithes  of  sheaves,  hay,  wool,  and  lambs  and  all 
other  small  tithes.  By  the  fine  levied  for  this  pur- 
pose, they  warranted  the  premises  against  themselves 
and  their  heirs,  and  against  John  and  George  Fytz 
and  their  heirs.  * 

Hugh  Stewkley  must  have  purchased  the  remainder 
of  John  Luttrell's  lease  in  or  before  1566,  for  in 
October  of  that  year,  fourteen  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Dunster,  on  behalf  of  the  town  and  borough,  issued 
a  public  manifesto  against  him  : — 

"We  of  the  foresaid  towne  and  borough  of  Dunster  have 
in  cure  churche  ben  verie  well  and  orderlie  served  with 
suche  devine  service  as  ought  to  be,  untill  that  here  of  late 
one  Master  Hewgh  Stuclie,  gentilman,  pourchased  of  oure 
sovereyne  ladie  the  Quine  the  personage  of  the  same,  being 
not  so  lytill  worthe  as  one  hunderethe  marks  by  the  yeare, 
to  the  whiche  all  tythes  and  other  duties  of  the  churche  are 
solie  paied,  and  nothing  reserved  or  allowed  for  the  fynd- 
inge  of  a  curat  to  serve  the  cure  but  onlie  eight  poundes 
being  paied  out  of  the  saide  personage,  which  pention  is  not 
sufficient  for  the  mayntenennce  of  a  curat,  so  that  by  the 
same  means  the  cure  of  Dunster  aforesaide,  being  the  hed 
churche  of  the  Denerie  and  having  heretofore  thre  curates 

'  Patent  Roll,  2  Eliz.  part  5,  m.  41.  Eliz. 

*  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset,  Trinity,  3 


414  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

continuallie  therein  serving,  is  now  altogether  unserved,  to 
the  infringlnge  of  the  Quine's  majestie's  prosedinge  and 
great  disquiet  of  us  her  lovinge  subjects.  "  ^ 

The  three  curates  mentioned  above  must  have 
been  the  Vicar  and  the  chaplains  of  the  chantries  of 
St.  Lawrence  and  the  Holy  Trinity,  these  chaplains 
being  the  spiritual  pastors  of  their  respective  guilds. 
In  1509,  John  Gryme  of  Frackford  in  Dunster 
describes  a  certain  Sir  John  Holcomb,  who  was  not 
Vicar  of  the  parish,  as  his  confessor  and  "  curate  " 
there.  ^ 

Since  the  suppression  of  the  chantries  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  the  Sixth,  there  had  never  been  more  than 
one  resident  priest,  and  it  seems  doubtful  whether 
any  one  had  received  a  definite  appointment  there 
since  the  death  of  John  Ryce,  the  Vicar,  in  1561. 
The  Prior  and  Convent  of  Bath  had  in  previous  cent- 
uries presented  successive  Vicars  designate  of  Dunster 
to  the  Bishop  for  institution  as  to  a  benefice.  After 
the  suppression  of  the  monasteries,  however,  it  was 
held  that  such  procedure  was  unnecessary  in  this 
case.  No  part  of  the  tithes  had  been  assigned  to  the 
Vicar  ;  there  was  no  house  for  him,  and  hardly  any 
endowment.  Under  these  circumstances,  the  Vicar- 
age was  suppressed,  the  lay  impropriator  being  obliged 
to  provide  a  stipendiary  curate,  not  requiring  institu- 
tion and  removeable  at  his  pleasure. 

Hugh  Stewkley's  answer  to  the  remonstrance  ot 
1566  has  not  been  preserved,  but  he  may  well  have 
disputed  the  assertion  that  the  rectory  was  worth  over 
a  hundred  marks  a  year.  It  had  been  valued  at  17/. 
5 J.  8^.  gross  in  1535,  when  the  Vicar's  salary  absorb- 
ed 4/.  I3J-.  4^.  and  at  7/.  2s.  3^.  nett  in  1539  when 

•  D.C.M.  XIV.  14.  p.  139. 

*  Somerset  Medieval   Wills,  vol.  ii. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  415 

the  Vicar's  salary  had  been  raised  to  8/.  because  he 
no  longer  received  free  food  at  the  Priory.  ^ 

Hugh  Stewkley  was  never  backward  in  asserting 
his  rights  as  lay  rector.  His  son-in-law,  George 
Luttrell,  had  not  long  come  of  age  when  he  presented 
him  with  a  list  of  the  dues  that  he  claimed  from 
him  : — 

(i)  Agistment  of  Dunster  Park  for  all  cattle  feeding 
there,  and  the  shoulder  of  every  deer  killed,  on  the 
ground  that  the  South  Lawn  had  been  under  cultivat- 
ion at  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth. 

(2)  Agistment  of  the  Park  at  the  rate  of  a  penny  in 
the  shilling  on  its  value. 

(3)  Tithe  of  the  bailiff  of  Dunster,  the  keeper  of  the 
park,  and  all  servants,  at  the  rate  of  a  penny  in  the 
shilling  on  half  of  their  wages. 

(4)  Agistment  of  Dunster  mills  at  the  rate  of  a 
penny  in  the  shilling  on  the  rental. 

(5)  Agistment  of  the  Waterlete  and  Caremore  (near 
the  sea).  A  fee  of  53^.  4^.  for  the  stewardship  of 
the  lands  late  of  Sir  John  Luttrell,  out  of  the  manor 
of  Dunster. 

(6)  Tithe  of  conies  in  the  warren,  and  of  the 
demesne  lands  of  the  manor  of  Minehead  between  the 
Whitehouse  and  Minehead  Lane,  near  the  sea. 

He  also  took  the  opportunity  of  asserting  that  three 
houses  in  the  churchyard  belonged  to  him  as  parson. ' 

It  does  not  appear  how  many  of  these  claims  were 
eventually  admitted.  In  actual  practice,  some  of  the 
tithes  due  to  the  impropriator  from  the  Luttrell 
demesnes  were  set  off  against  burgage  rents  due  from 
him  as  a  freeholder  to  the  lord  of  the  manor.  In 
1728  "the  modus  due  to  Sir  Hugh  Stewkley's  heirs 
for  Dunster  Hanger  "  amounted  to  i  5^. 

•  Valor  EcclesiasticHS,  vol.  i.  p.  220.  '  D.C.M.  xiv.  6. 


4i6  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

A  return  of  the  year  1634  "concerning  the  custome 
of  our  parish,"  subscribed  by  the  Curate,  the  Church- 
wardens and  the  sidesmen,  shows  the  scales  on  which 
dues  were  levied  for  the  lay  rector  : — 

"  For  offerings,  id.^  both  men  and  women. 

For  servants,  id.  apiece. 

For  corne,  we  tythe  by  the  tenth  stitch  and  for  odde 
stitches  one  sheaf  of  a  stitch. 

For  the  tythe  hay,  we  tythe  by  the  pook  or  cock,  the 
tenth  pook  at  the  first  taking  up. 

For  kine,  2d. 

For  a  summer  cow,  2d. 

For  a  winter  cow,  id. 

For  a  heifer,  id. 

For  calves  sold  to  the  butcher,  la.  of  is. 

For  store  calves,  ^d. 

For  a  garden,  id. 

For  wooll,  the  tenth  in  kind. 

For  lambs,  the  tenth,  and  for  odde  lambs  ^d.  apiece  for 
the  fall. 

For  apples,  the  tenth. 

For  piggs,  the  tenth  at  three  weeks  or  before. 

For  weddings  lod. 

For  churchings  4^. 

For  hopps,  the  tenth. 

For  honey,  the  tenth.  " 

While  Stewkley  was  receiving  these  spiritualities 
as  lay  rector,  the  poor  curate  in  charge  of  the  parish 
fared  badly  : — 

"  We  have  had  no  vicaridge,  neither  hath  there  been  any 
this  many  years. 

"  There  is  a  little  garden  containing  one  yeard  of  ground 
or  near  thereabout.  Sir  George  Speke's  land  lyeth  on  the 
west  end,  and  the  widow  Foxe's  land  lyeth  on  the  east  ende, 
and  the  churchyeard  on  the  north  side,  and  the  highway  on 
the  south  side  adjoyning. 

"There  is  one  meadow  containing  three  yards  of  ground 
or  near  thereabout  lying  near  the  Castle  on  the  east  side 
and  a  river  of  water  on  the  other  side. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER. 

PEDIGREE   OF    STEWKLEY.  ' 
Richard  Stewkley,  d.  1462.11=  Joan.  dau.  of  Thomas  Burland. 

George  Stewkley,  d.  1508.  =  Joan  dau.  of  Sir  James  Luttrell. 


4'7 


I 

Peter  Stewkley  ==  Agnes. 


mi 

Christian=Hugh  Stewkley,^.  1588.  =  Elizabeth  dau.  of  Richard         Thomas 

Chamberlayne,  d.  1598.  Silvester 

Richard 
Robert. 


r^ 


William. 


I  —\ — \ rrm 

Sir  Thomas  Stewkley  ==  Elizabeth  dau.     George  =  Elizabeth  dau.     Joan=i58o, 


b.  1569,  d.  1639. 


&f  heir  of  John 
Goodwin  d.  1649. 


of   Sir  Hum-     George  Luttrell. 
phrey  Drewell.  — 

Susan  =  Sir 
Henry  Drury. 


Sir  Hugh  Stewkley = Sarah,  dau.  ©"heir  of 


bart.  d.  1642. 


Ambrose  Dauntsey. 


Thomas  — 

John  Anne,  b.  1570, 

William,^.  1606.       '^-  if^S- 


bart.  d.  1710. 


Margaret,  b. 
Catherine  dau.=:Sir  Hugh  Stewkley=Mary,dau.  of     El'izabeth     »574,  ^  1606. 

John  Young,     d.  1667. 

Ursula,  *.  1575, 

m,  Henry  St. 
John. 

n 


Sf  heir  of   Sir 
John  Trott, 
bart.  d.  1679. 


1679        I  1719  I 

Sir  Charles  Shuck-=|=Catherine,  Edward,  Lord=Mary, 

burgh,  b.  1659,  d.  I  d.  1725.  Stawell,^.i755.     d.  1740 
1705.                      -+<• 


.Townsend=Sarah, 

d.  1760. 

Honora, 

I  I  i,fi«  '^-  '754- 

I  1750  I  1768 

Stewkley         Hon.  Henry  Bilson=Mary,Baroness= Wills,  Earl  of  Hillsborough, 

Stawell,^.         Legge,  ^.  1764.        I  Stawell, 6.1726,     ^.1793. 

1731.  j  d.  1780. 


Henry  Stawell  Bilson.Lord  Stawell,=:MJlry,  dau.  of  Asheton,  Viscount 
b.  1757,  d'.  1820.  j  Curzon,  t/.  1804. 


1803 


Henry  b.  1785. 


John,  Lord  Sherborne  d.  i  862.=Mary,  b.  1780,  d.  1864. 


'  D.C.M.  XII.  4  ;   XIII.  7,  ID  ;    Inq.  Somerset   &  Dorset  \otes   &   Queries, 

post  mortem,  C.  Ii.  220,  no.  74  ;  Visit-  vol.  iv,  p.  257  ;  Exchequer  Depositions 

atiotis    of   Somerset,    p.   80  ;     Berry's  by  Commission,  10  Will,  in  ;  Collins's 

Hampshire  Genealogies, p.  :;iio;Bio\\n's  Peerage;  Epitaphs  at  Hinton  Ampner. 
S  omersetsliirc  Wills,  vol.  i,  pp.  79-81  ; 


4i8  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

"  The  Minister  hath  eight  pounds  per  annum,  beside  the 
aforesaid  meadow  and  garden,  and  not  anything  else.  "  * 

From  the  Curate's  point  of  view,  the  only  redeem- 
ing feature  of  the  case  was  that,  as  Dunster  was  not 
accounted  an  ecclesiastical  benefice,  he  was  free  to 
hold  another  church  without  dispensation.  In  course 
of  time,  various  small  additions  were  made  to  the 
emoluments  of  the  Curate.  Thus,  in  the  middle  of 
the  eighteenth  century.  Queen  Anne's  Bounty  pro- 
vided 400/.,  Mrs.  Pyncombe's  Charity  100/.,  and  Mrs. 
Sarah  Townsend,  daughter  of  Sir  Hugh  Stewkley, 
100/.,  towards  a  permanent  endowment.  Thence- 
forward the  Curate  ceased  to  be  removeable  at  pleasure.'' 
There  is  no  record  of  the  exact  date  at  which  the 
pittance  provided  by  the  lay  impropriator  was  raised 
from  8/.  to  20/.  In  a  valuation  of  Lord  Stawell's 
estates  in  Dunster  and  Minehead  made  in  1789,  there 
are  deductions  of  20/.  for  "the  Curate's  stipend"  and 
1 2J.  6</.  for  "  payments  to  the  Bishop  and  Arch- 
deacon. "  In  ordinary  parlance,  the  Curate  was  often 
styled  the  Vicar,  but  he  had  no  official  residence. 

The  rectory  continued  in  the  possession  of  descend- 
ants of  Hugh  Stewkley  until  about  1790,  when 
Lord  Stawell  sold  it,  with  his  farm  at  Marsh  and 
various  scattered  pieces  of  land,  to  John  Fownes  Lut- 
trell  of  Dunster  Castle  for  the  sum  of  5,000/. 

A  brass  in  Dunster  Church  in  memory  of  the  Rev. 
George  Henry  Leigh,  who  died  in  1821,  states  some- 
what inaccurately  that  he  had  been  Perpetual  Curate 
of  the  parish  "  upwards  of  fifty  years.  "  From  1800 
to  1805,  he  was  also  one  of  the  churchwardens. 
During  the  last  four  years  of  his  life,  he  was  assisted 
by  Thomas  Fownes  Luttrell,  who  succeeded  him,  and 
who  altogether  served  the  cure  for   some   fifty-five 

'  D.C.B.  f.  626.  »  I  Geo.  I.  St.  2.  c.  lo 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  419 

years.  Unlike  his  predecessors  for  nearly  three  cent- 
uries, Thomas  Fownes  Luttrell,  being  presented  to 
the  Bishop  by  the  trustees  of  his  brother's  estate,  was 
formally  instituted  to  the  living.  He  resided  at  the 
Castle  until  a  short  time  before  his  death. 

In  1872,  arrangements  were  made  for  establishing 
the  vicarage  of  Dunster  upon  a  suitable  footing. 
Mr.  Luttrell,  having  built  a  permanent  residence  for 
the  clergyman  in  a  charming  situation  on  the  Priory 
Green,  handed  it  over  to  the  Ecclesiastical  Commis- 
sioners, who,  in  consideration  of  this,  increased  the 
value  of  the  benefice.  Mr.  Luttrell  also  transferred 
such  of  the  great  tithes  as  had  not  merged  in  fixed 
rents,  receiving  in  exchange  some  pieces  of  glebe 
scattered  in  several  parishes. 

Reverting  again  to  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth, 
it  is  more  interesting  to  endeavour  to  trace  the 
effect  of  the  ecclesiastical  changes  upon  the  fabric 
of  the  church  of  Dunster.  The  first  result  of  the 
expulsion  of  the  Benedictine  monks  in  1539  was  that 
the  parishioners  recovered  their  rights  in  the  old 
chancel.  This  is  a  fact  which  has  been  too  often 
overlooked.  The  late  Mr.  Freeman  was  wont  to 
refer  to  Dunster  as  a  typical  place  where  there  were 
two  churches  under  one  roof,  the  eastern  church 
monastic  and  the  western  church  parochial.  Many 
instances  have  been  cited  to  show  that  lay  grantees  of 
the  sites  of  suppressed  monasteries  and  colleges  had 
the  right  to  secularize  and  even  to  demolish  buil- 
dings which,  from  the  architectural  point  of  view, 
formed  integral  parts  of  parochial  churches.  Even 
in  recent  years,  the  chancel  of  the  church  at  Arundel 
has  been  adjudged  to  be  the  private  property  of  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk.  In  view,  however,  of  documentary 
evidence  that  was  not  known  to  Mr.  Freeman,  some 


420  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

caution  must  be  observed  in  reading  what  he  has 
written  upon  this  subject.  ^ 

It  is  difficult  to  say  what  would  have  happened  at 
Dunster  if  John  Luttrell  had  wished  to  secularize  the 
non-parochial  part  of  the  divided  church.  He  might 
have  contended  with  force  that  the  chancel,  having 
been  adjudged  to  the  monks  in  1498,  was  legally 
one  of  the  conventual  buildings,  like  the  tithe-barn 
and  the  dovecot.  On  the  other  hand  the  parishioners 
had  rights  in  the  southern  transept,  and  in  the  central 
tower  which  they  had  built  in  the  previous  century. 
They  seem  also  to  have  had  rights  in  the  chapel  on  the 
eastern  side  of  the  southern  transept.  Furthermore  it  is 
necessary  to  observe  that  even  if  the  whole  eastern 
part  of  the  church  had  belonged  to  the  monks,  John 
Luttrell  could  not  have  pulled  it  down,  as  he  was 
never  the  owner  of  the  Priory.  For  the  first  year 
after  the  Dissolution,  he  was  merely  an  agent  of  the 
Crown,  and  afterwards  he  was  a  lessee. 

In  point  of  fact  there  were  good  reasons  why  John 
Luttrell  should  not  claim  rights  in  the  chancel  at 
Dunster  more  extensive  than  those  which  he  had  in 
the  chancel  at  Kilton,  the  rights  that  is  to  say  of  the 
representative  of  the  lay  rector.  Whatever  his  theo- 
logical views  may  have  been,  he  could  hardly  have 
wished  to  desecrate  wantonly  a  building  in  which  his 
grandmother  and  other  ancestors  lay  buried.  Fur- 
thermore, the  final  separation  of  the  monastic  church 
from  the  parochial  was  comparatively  recent.  Many 
of  the  lay-folk  living  in  1539  could  remember  the 
time  when  they  were  not  wholly  excluded  from  the 
chancel,  and  we  may  readily  credit  them  with  a  desire 
to  recover  their  ancient  rights  :    notwithstanding  all 

'  English  Towns  ami  Districts,  pp.       Archcvological  Society,  \o\.\i.  ^Tp.  1-1Z- 
348-350  ;   Proceedings  of  the  Somerset 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  421 

changes,  the  original  high  altar  of  the  undivided 
church  had  a  special  sanctity.  Private  sentiment  and 
local  opinion  might  alike  be  gratified  by  the  opening  of 
the  gates  of  the  screen  under  the  tower. 

John  Leland,  the  observant  antiquary,  who  visited 
Dunster  within  seven  years  of  the  dissolution  of  the 
monasteries,  has  left  an  instructive  statement  as  to 
the  position  of  ecclesiastical  affairs  there  : — 

"  The  hole  chirch  of  the  late  Priory  servith  now  for  the 
paroche  chirch.  Aforetymes  the  monks  had  the  est  part 
closid  up  to  their  use.  "  ' 

Nothing  could  be  clearer  or  more  positive.  Le- 
land's  personal  observations  are  moreover  confirmed 
by  the  accounts  which  John  Luttrell,  as  lessee  of  the 
rectory,  rendered  year  after  year  to  the  Court  of 
Augmentations.  In  1 540,  he  claimed  allowance  of 
32J-.  10^.  spent  by  him  on  the  repair  of  ruinous 
cottages  at  Alcombe  and  of  the  chancel  of  the  church 
of  that  place,  which  was  in  the  parish  of  Dunster. 
In  the  following  year,  he  claimed  allowance  of  59^. 
for  repairs  at  Dunster,  specifically  to  the  chief  man- 
sion of  the  manor — that  is  to  say  to  the  Priory  in 
which  he  lived — and  to  the  window  of  the  chancel 
of  the  church,  obviously  the  great  Perpendicular 
window  over  the  high  altar. 

After  the  sale  by  the  Crown  ot  John  Luttrell's  rent 
of  3/.  1 3^.  4^/.  for  the  site  of  the  Priory,  with  the 
reversion  of  the  premises  on  the  expiration  of  his 
lease,  there  are  of  course  no  further  charges  for  the 
repair  of  them  in  the  accounts  which  he  rendered 
to  the  Court:  from  1543  onwards  the  purchaser, 
Lady  Luttrell,  was  responsible  for  all  necessary  ex- 
penses  incurred  by  him  as   her   tenant.      In    1546, 


»  Itinerary  (1907),  p.  166. 


422  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

however,  he  claimed  allowance  of  3J-.  c^d.  from  the 
Crown  for  repairs  to  the  chancel  of  the  church  of 
Dunster,  "  very  ruinous,  "  and  similar  claims  of 
varying  amounts  were  allowed  by  the  auditors  in 
each  of  the  three  following  years.  Clearly  therefore 
the  chancel  was  regarded  as  an  integral  part  of  the 
church  rather  than  as  part  of  the  monastic  buildings. 

In  order  to  realize  the  position  at  this  period,  it  is 
necessary  to  remember  that,  although  the  monks  had 
been  expelled,  and  the  papal  supremacy  renounced, 
the  services  of  the  church  were  conducted  very  much 
as  before.  The  various  altars  were  still  in  use. 
Under  the  award  of  1498,  the  parishioners  of  Dunster 
were  still  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  repair 
of  the  whole  of  the  church  on  the  western  side  of  the 
tower.  The  King,  however,  had  become  the  lay 
rector,  and,  as  such,  responsible  for  the  maintenance 
and  repair  of  the  architectural  chancel.  Year  after 
year,  his  representative,  John  Luttrell,  provided  the 
bread,  wine,  and  wax  necessary  for  the  celebration  of 
masses  in  the  churches  of  Dunster  and  Kilton,  the 
usual  charge  being  6j.  %d.  for  the  former  church  and 
IS.  for  the  latter. 

In  consequence  of  the  ecclesiastical  changes  under 
Edward  the  Sixth,  no  wax  was  provided  after  1550, 
and  in  that  year  the  allowance  for  bread  and  wine 
was  reduced  to  \s.  %d.  at  Dunster  and  at  Kilton  alike. 
When,  in  1548,  a  large  Bible  and  a  copy  of  the 
Paraphrases  of  Erasmus  were  bought  for  the  church, 
one  half  of  the  cost  was  borne  by  the  parishioners 
and  the  other  half  by  the  King  as  rector  or  patron, 
in  accordance  with  the  royal  injunctions.  ' 

There  is  no  record  of  the  exact  date  in  the  middle 
of  the  sixteenth   century  at  which   side  altars,  cruci- 

•  Ministers'  Accounts. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  423 

fixes,  images  and  the  like  were  removed  from  the 
church  of  Dunster.  One  very  ancient  altar-slab  was 
suffered  to  remain  in  its  original  position  in  the  little 
sacristy  on  the  northern  side  of  the  chancel,  where  it 
is  still  to  be  seen.  After  the  expulsion  of  the  monks 
in  1539,  the  Vicar  is  hardly  likely  to  have  used  it 
for  the  celebration  of  mass.  Hence  perhaps  its 
immunity  from  the  fate  of  other  altars  in  constant 
use,  such  as  those  of  Our  Lady,  St.  Lawrence,  the 
Holy  Rood,  and  the  Holy  Trinity. 

After  the  suppression  of  chantries  by  the  act  passed 
in  the  first  year  of  Edward  the  Sixth  and  the  general 
demolition  of  side  altars,  the  two  chapels  on  the 
eastern  side  of  the  transept  at  Dunster  must  have 
been  useless  for  the  services  prescribed  by  the  new 
Book  of  Common  Prayer.  Both  of  them,  however, 
having  been  virtually  rebuilt  since  the  introduction 
of  the  Perpendicular  style  of  architecture,  were  pre- 
sumably in  good  condition.  A  resolution  seems  there- 
fore to  have  been  taken,  in  or  after  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  to  connect  them  with  the  intervening 
chancel  by  piercing  apertures  in  the  northern  and 
southern  walls  of  the  latter,  or  by  greatly  enlarging 
such  apertures  as  then  existed.  The  erection  of  a 
pillar  carrying  two  arches  on  either  side  of  the  chancel 
caused  the  lateral  chapels  to  become  aisles  to  it,  useful 
at  times  when  divine  service  was  conducted  at  the 
communion  table  occupying  the  site  of  the  high  altar. 
All  the  details  of  these  pillars  and  arches  are  of  a  very 
debased  character,  indicating  the  late  period  at  which 
they  were  built. 

A  return  of  the  second  year  ot  Edward  the  Sixth 
gives  the  approximate  number  of  "  partakers  of  the 
Lord's    Holy  Sooper  "    in  Dunster   as  five  hundred.  ' 

>  Somerset  Chantries.  (S.R.S.)  p.  43. 


424  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

To  the  desire  of  the  laity  for  practical  convenience 
unattended  by  unnecessary  expense  is  probably  due 
the  extraordinary  opening  between  the  south-eastern 
chapel  and  the  transept.  Here  there  is  a  moulded 
arch  of  the  thirteenth  century,  supported  by  jambs 
of  the  fifteenth  century,  which  bend  outwards  im- 
mediately below  the  capitals,  a  standing  puzzle  to  archi- 
tects and  antiquaries.  The  solution  now  offered  is 
that,  after  the  suppression  of  the  chantries,  an  ingenious 
and  economical  builder  united  the  ancient  arch  with 
the  later  jambs  by  inserting  one  stone  on  either  side 
so  shaped  as  to  give  a  wider  opening  below  than  the 
former  would  have  had.  The  communion  table  thus 
became  visible  from  the  southern  transept. 

The  oaken  screen  which  now  stands  under  the 
shouldered  arch  mentioned  above  was  placed  there 
about  thirty  years  ago,  at  the  time  of  the  restoration 
of  the  church.  Before  that,  it  stood  under  the 
eastern  arch  of  the  tower,  giving  access  to  the  chancel. 
There  is  reason  to  believe  that  it  was  made  about 
1420,  and  that  it  originally  stood  almost  under  the 
rood  between  the  two  western  piers  of  the  tower.  ^ 

By  a  will  dated  23  May  1558,  John  Luttrell,  the 
lessee  of  the  Rectory  and  of  the  Priory  of  Dunster, 
directed  that  his  body  should  be  buried  in  the  Lady 
Chapel,  which  had  perhaps  been  refitted  in  the  reign 
of  Mary.  "^ 

When  Hugh  Stewkley  acquired  the  rectory  of 
Dunster,  he  became  responsible  for  the  repair  of  the 
chancel,  and  correspondingly  entitled  to  the  chief 
seat  therein.'  Dame  Margaret  Luttrell,  who  obtained 
possession  of  the  Priory  in  1560,  does  not  appear  to 
have  disputed  his  rights  in  the  church,  although  she 

'  See  p.  396  above.  p.  211. 

*  Somerset  Medieval  Wills,  vol.  iii.  ^  Phillimote's  Ecclesiastical  Law. 


ARCH    IN    THE    SOUTH    TRANSEPT, 
DUNSTER     CHURCH. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  425 

owed  him  many  a  grudge.  By  a  will  dated  in  Janu- 
ary 1587,  he  directed  that,  if  he  should  die  in  Somer- 
set, he  should  be  buried  in  the  Priory  Church  of 
Dunster  over  against  his  own  seat  or  pew,  or  else  in 
the  church  of  Carhampton  near  his  parents.  ^  The 
register  of  the  parish  of  Dunster  shows  that  he  was 
buried  in  the  church  there.  If  the  principal  services 
were  conducted  in  the  nave,  his  pew  in  the  chancel 
must  have  been  more  dignified  than  convenient.  A 
brass  in  memory  of  his  relict  Elizabeth,  who  died  in 
1598,  formerly  in  the  chancel,  is  now  to  be  seen  on 
the  floor  of  the  chapel  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  south 
transept.  Their  younger  son,  George  Stewkley  of 
Dunster  and  their  daughter  Margaret  alike  left  direct- 
ions that  they  should  be  buried  there  near  them.' 
Joan  their  daughter,  wife  of  George  Luttrell  of  Duns- 
ter Castle  made  a  will  in  April  161  3,  by  which  she 
similarly  directed  that  she  should  be  buried  in  the 
Priory  Church  of  Dunster,  near  her  parents.  ^  She  and 
her  husband  had  doubtless  been  allowed  to  occupy  a 
seat  in  the  chancel.  After  her  death,  George  Luttrell 
set  up  a  great  monument  of  marble  and  alabaster 
against  the  southern  wall  of  the  chancel,  whence  it  was 
removed  in  1 876  into  the  south-eastern  chapel.  Two 
recumbent  figures  on  it  represent  his  own  father  and 
mother.  The  inscription  on  one  of  the  two  panels 
beneath,  as  recently  restored,  runs  thus  : — 

"  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Thomas  Luttrell  esquire  who 
departed  this  lyfe  in  sure  hope  of  a  most  joyful  resurrection  the 
16  day  of  Jan^,  anno  Dom.  1570,  anno  13  of  Elizabeth  late 
Queene  of  England,  being  then  High  Sheriff  of  the  countie 
of  Somerset  &'  one  of^the  youngest  sones  of  Andrew 
Luttrell,  knight  :  the  sayd  Thomas  being  lawfully  married 
unto  Margery  Hadley  daughter  and  sole  heire  of  Christopher 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  i.  ^  Ibid.  p.  80. 

p  7g  '^  Ibid.  vol.  vi.  p.  16. 


426  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

Hadley  of  Wythycomb  esquire,  by  whom  he  had  issue 
3  sones  and  3  daughters,  George,  John,  Andrew  .  .  . 
3  daughters,  vidz.  Ursula,  Margaret  and  Mary,  the  which 
Andrew,  Ursula  and  Margaret  dyed  without  any  issue  of 
theire  bodyes.  " 

It  is  necessary  to  observe  that  the  words  printed 
in  italics  above  are  purely  conjectural,  and  that  the 
actual  situation  of  Thomas  Luttrell's  grave  is  quite 
unknown.  The  monument  bears  also  the  effigies  of 
George  Luttrell  and  his  wife,  the  former  kneeling 
westward,  the  latter  lying  dead  by  his  side.  Curiously 
enough,  the  heraldic  achievements  above  do  not  cor- 
respond with  the  figures,  for  while  one  shield  shows 
the  arms  of  Luttrell  and  Hadley,  that  which  should 
show  the  arms  of  Luttrell  and  Stewkley  shows  instead 
the  arms  of  Luttrell  and  Popham. 

On  one  of  the  outer  stones  above  the  western 
window  of  the  south  aisle  there  is  an  inscription  : — 

"god    save    the    king.    1624.    JULY   XX.  "  ^ 

This  may  perhaps  be  the  date  of  the  completion 
of  some  important  repairs  to  the  aisle.  The  masonry 
of  some  of  the  buttresses  appears  to  be  post-reforma- 
tional,  and  an  ancient  sepulchral  slab  may  be  seen  in 
the  parapet.  The  windows  seem  to  have  been  re-set 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  there  are  some  grounds 
for  believing  that  the  whole  of  the  southern  wall  was 
then  rebuilt  with  old  materials.  A  narrowing  of  the 
aisle  by  two  or  three  feet  would  account  for  the  absence 
of  wall-plates  and  for  various  irregularities  in  con- 
struction. 

The  almsbox,  bearing  the  date  '  1634'  and  the 
initials  of  the  two  churchwardens  of  part  of  that  year, 

'  Savage  misread  the  inscription  and  Hundred  of  Carhampton,  p.  413.  Mr. 
somehow  took  the  later  part  of  it  to  Hancock  has  followed  him.  Dttiister 
indicate  the  year  1520.     History  of  the       Church  and  Priory,  p.  6. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  427 

has  a  brass  cover  roughly  engraved  with  two  appro- 
priate verses  : — 

"  He  that  hath  pity  on  the  poore  lendeth  unto  the  Lord 
and  that  which  he  hath  given  will  He  pay  him  againe. 
Prov.  XIX.  Whoso  stoppeth  his  ears  at  the  cry  of  the 
poore  he  also  shall  cry  himself  but  shall  not  be  heard, 
Prov.  XXI.  " 

The  will  of  Thomas  Luttrell  of  Dunster  Castle 
dated  the  25th  of  October  1643,  contains  the  follow- 
ing direction  : — "  My  boddie  I  will  to  be  buried 
decently  in  the  parish  church  of  Dunstarr,  in  my  isle 
which  is  there."  ^  The  position  of  the  aisle  thus 
mentioned  was  so  well  known  at  the  time  as  to  need 
no  further  description.  All  that  can  now  be  said  is 
that  if  this  aisle  was  the  old  chancel,  the  Stewkleys 
must,  tacitly  or  otherwise,  have  ceded  their  rights  to 
the  Luttrells  before  1643.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
place  in  question  may  have  been  one  of  the  aisles  of 
the  chancel,  and  so  quite  independent  of  the  lay 
rector.  In  any  case  Thomas  Luttrell's  aisle  was  "  in 
the  parish  church,  "  and  not  on  his  private  property. 

It  is  unfortunately  impossible  to  specify  the  date 
at  which  the  chancel  ceased  to  be  used  for  the  ordin- 
ary services  of  the  church.  In  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
the  Stewkleys,  as  lay  rectors,  could  presumably  have 
been  compelled  to  maintain  it  in  decent  order.  The 
church,  however,  as  a  whole  was  singularly  unsuitable 
to  the  services  sanctioned  by  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer.  Owing  to  the  great  diameter  of  the  four 
piers  that  support  the  central  tower,  and  to  the  length 
of  the  chancel,  a  priest  ministering  at  the  eastern  end 
of  the  building  could  hardly  be  seen  or  heard  by 
persons  in  the  nave,  and  conversely  a  preacher  dis- 
coursing from  a  pulpit  in  the  nave  could  hardly  be 

'  P.C.C.  Twisse,  f.  169. 


428  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

seen  or  heard  by  persons  in  the  chancel,  in  either  of 
the  eastern  chapels,  or  in  the  transepts.  This  seems 
to  have  been  the  real  cause  of  the  eventual  division 
of  the  church  into  tv^^o  parts,  the  somewhat  similar 
division  of  1498  having  lasted  only  some  forty  years. 

A  guess  may  be  hazarded  that,  during  the  period 
of  Puritan  ascendancy,  in  the  middle  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  the  communion  table  v^as  removed 
from  the  chancel  and  placed  lengthv^ays  east  and  west 
under  the  western  arch  of  the  tower,  near  the  site  of 
the  parochial  altar  sanctioned  by  the  arbitrators  of 
1498.  However  this  may  be,  there  is  no  indication 
that  any  religious  services,  except  the  office  for  the 
burial  of  the  dead,  were  performed  in  the  eastern 
limb  of  the  church  between  the  middle  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  and  the  later  part  of  the  nineteenth. 
A  payment  of  i/.  los.  made  by  the  churchwardens, 
in  1 676,  "  for  timber  for  the  rayles  about  the  Com- 
munion Table"  suggests  a  recent  change  at  the  eastern 
end  of  the  nave.  In  1729,  they  paid  no  less  than 
40/.  to  Richard  Phelps  of  Porlock,  an  indifferent 
painter,  "  for  doing  up  the  altar-piece.  " 

An  ugly  gallery  of  the  usual  type  was  set  up  at  the 
western  end  of  the  nave  in  17 17,  thus  diminishing 
the  scanty  light  in  that  part  of  the  church.  Eight 
bells  were  bought  or  re-cast  between  1668  and  1782. 
Chimes  were  provided  in  17 11  to  play  the  113th 
Psalm  every  fourth  hour  through  the  day  and  night, 
at  one,  five,  and  nine.  A  very  handsome  brass  chan- 
delier of  eighteen  lights  was  suspended  in  the  nave, 
in  1740,  at  a  cost  of  22/.  15^.  The  churchwardens' 
accounts  contain  several  entries  about  this  '  candle- 
stick '  or  '  branch.  ' 

After  the  removal  of  the  communion  table  from 
the  chancel  into  the  nave,  the  great   majority  of  the 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  429 

parishioners  ceased  to  take  any  interest  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the   church.      So  long  as  the  wind  did  not 
blow  upon  them  through  its  broken  windows,  they 
did  not  insist  upon  its  being  maintained  as  an  integral 
part  of  the   fabric.     The   Stewkleys  had  moreover 
ceased   to  occupy   the  principal  seat   in   the  chancel 
after   their  migration   from  Somerset  to  Hampshire. 
To    them  and  to  their  successors  in  title,  the  rectory 
had  become  simply  a  source  of  income,  and  they  left 
the  care  of  the  chancel  to  others.      In  course  of  time, 
this  part  of  the  fabric  came  to  be  called  "  the  old 
church  "  and  to  be  regarded  merely  as  the  mausoleum 
of  the  Luttrell  family.      Many  causes  contributed  to 
this  result.     The  successive  owners  of  Dunster  Castle 
in   the   seventeenth   century    were   nearly   related   in 
blood  to  the  Stewkleys  ;  several  of  their  ancestors  lay 
buried  in  the  chancel  ;  they  were  altogether  predom- 
inant  in  the  little  town  of  Dunster  ;  and  the  ground 
on   three   sides   of  the  eastern   part   of  the    church 
belonged  to  them  as  owners  of  the  former   Priory. 
It   is  not  likely  that  any  Stewkley  formally  alienated 
his  rectorial  rights  in  the  chancel,  or  that  any  Luttrell 
formally   undertook  to  keep  it   in  repair.     On  the 
other  hand  there  are  fair  grounds  for  believing  that 
the  Luttrells  had  practically  obtained  exclusive  rights 
there  before  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century.      In 
1 79 1,  there  were  in  their  private  vault  in  the  chancel 
nineteen  coffins,  which,   according  to  the  register  of 
burials,  would   represent  as  nearly  as  possible  a  cent- 
ury. ^     So  again,  the  series  of  funereal  hatchments, 
formerly   affixed   to   the   walls,   begins  with  that  of 
Colonel  Francis  Luttrell,  who  died  in  1690. 

In    1699,  the  churchwardens  of  Dunster  paid  is. 
td.  "  for  tiles  taken  out  of  the  old  church.  "      In 

»  Collinson's  History  of  Somerset,  vol.  ii.  p,  i8. 


430  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

171  3,  they  paid  is.  4^.  to  Sir  Hugh  Stewkley's  agent 
"  for  paving  stones  for  the  church,  "  perhaps  removed 
from  the  same  part  of  the  building.  The  two  fol- 
lowing payments  are  recorded  in  accounts  rendered 
to  Alexander  Luttrell  of  Dunster  Castle  in  1 7 1 8  : — 

"  For  new  leding  20  feet  of  glass  in  the  old  church,  3*3'. 
per  foot,  6s.  6d. 

For  5  dozen  of  new  quarrys  in  the  old  church,  lod.  per 
dozen,  \s.  id.''' 

For  some  years  after  the  death  of  this  Alexander 
Luttrell  in  1737,  a  certain  Robert  Coffin  was  in  re- 
ceipt of  a  yearly  salary  of  51.  : — 

"  For  cleaning  the  seats  and  monuments  in  the  old  church 
at  Dunster  belonging  to  the  family  of  the  Luttrells  and 
which  had  always  been  allowed  by  the  family. " 

A  mention  of  their  '  pews '  there  at  the  same  period 
is  not  without  interest,  as  suggesting  that  the  eastern 
part  of  the  building  was  still  used.  Collinson,  how- 
ever, writing  in  or  shortly  before  1791,  describes  it 
as  "stript  of  all  its  furniture  and  totally  neglected."  ^ 
Its  condition  was  if  possible  worse  in  1830.  ^ 

In  1838,  J.  C.  Buckler,  the  well-known  architect 
was  called  in  to  examine  the  fabric  of  Dunster 
Church,  and  he  drew  up  an  elaborate  report  upon  its 
condition.  With  regard  to  the  eastern  part,  or  '  old 
church, '  he  stated  that  the  walls  were  "  shattered  and 
infirm  in  places,  "  that  the  roof  was  very  defective 
and  covered  with  "  a  thick  coat  of  moss, "  that  the 
mullions  and  tracery  of  the  windows  were  "dilapidated 
and  ruinous,  "  and  that  the  floor,  "  stripped  of  its 
pavement,  "  was  "  strewn  with  relics  of  canopied 
monuments  and  various  kinds  of  rubbish.  "  In  rainy 
weather,  water  lay  in  a  pool  in  the  northern  transept. 

'  History  of  Somciset,  vol.  ii.  p.  i8.  o/Cnrhaiiipton,  pp.  400,  401. 

*  Savage's  History  of  the  Humlred 


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CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  431 

Proceeding  westward,  he  found  that  "  the  recessed 
arch  at  the  back  of  the  altar  "  was  a  "  receptacle  of 
rubbish.  "  The  windows  in  the  northern  aisle  were 
decayed.  The  piers  in  the  nave  although  structurally 
safe,  were  far  from  upright.  The  gallery  at  the  west 
end  blocked  out  the  light  and  gave  to  that  part  of  the 
church  "  the  gloominess  of  a  crypt.  "  All  the  doors 
admitted  "  intolerable  draughts.  "  The  pavement, 
composed  of  fragments  of  stone,  brick  and  tiles,  was 
"  in  the  worst  possible  condition,  "  dangerous  by 
reason  of  its  unevenness.  Many  ancient  oaken  seats 
"  elaborately  and  finely  ornamented  "  were  concealed 
by  later  wood  work,  "  the  most  promiscuous,  unseemly 
and  uncomfortable  assemblage  of  pews  that  can  be 
met  with.  " 

Buckler's  vigorous  language  was  not  without  effect, 
and  many  of  his  recommendations  were  followed. 
Although  his  proposal  to  place  the  communion-table 
under  the  eastern  arch  of  the  tower  was  rejected,  it 
seems  to  have  been  set  back  a  little.  A  large  screen 
with  glass  panels  was  put  up  immediately  behind  it, 
and  similar  screens  were  put  up  to  separate  the  aisles 
from  the  transept,  which  thus  became  a  mere  vesti- 
bule. A  useless  arch  was  at  the  same  time  built  to 
connect  the  two  Norman  jambs  attached  to  the 
western  piers  of  the  tower.  The  external  turret 
which  formerly  gave  access  to  the  loft  over  the  main 
screen  was  converted  into  a  small  vestry.  In  the  '  old 
church  '  nothing  was  done  beyond  the  most  necessary 
repairs. 

In  1875,  a  complete  restoration  of  the  church  was 
undertaken,  at  a  cost  of  about  1 2,000/.,  of  which 
nearly  10,000/.  were  contributed  by  Mr.  Luttrell. 
The  Norman  door  at  the  west  end  was  re-opened,  the 
gallery  was  removed,  and  new  oaken  seats,  carved  by 


432  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xii. 

Hems  of  Exeter,  were  provided  for  nave  and  aisles 
alike.  By  the  advice  of  Mr.  G.  E.  Street,  a  raised 
platform,  separated  from  the  transept  by  open  screens, 
was  constructed  under  the  tower,  and  the  communion 
table  was  placed  upon  it,  in  the  situation  previously 
recommended  by  Buckler.  The  ancient  screen  that 
had  stood  there,  giving  access  to  the  chancel,  was 
placed  under  the  curious  shouldered  arch  in  the 
southern  transept. 

In  the  '  old  church,  '  Mr.  Street's  alterations  were 
numerous  and  important.  Fragments  of  Early  English 
mouldings  found  in  the  walls  afforded  him  a  certain 
clue  for  the  reconstruction  of  three  lancet  windows 
in  the  eastern  wall  and  of  the  corresponding  piscina 
and  sedilia  in  the  southern  wall.  The  old  sacristy  on 
the  northern  side  was  practically  rebuilt,  and  all 
the  encaustic  tiles  found  in  the  building  were  put 
together  in  it.  The  Jacobean  monument  set  up  by 
the  first  George  Luttrell,  the  earlier  incised  slab  of 
Dame  Elizabeth  Luttrell,  and  the  brass  of  Elizabeth 
Stewkley  were  alike  removed  into  the  south-eastern 
chapel.  The  only  monuments  now  remaining  in  the 
chancel  are  that  attributed  above  to  Dame  Christian 
de  Mohun  and  the  mutilated  effigies  of  the  first  Sir 
Hugh  Luttrell  and  his  wife  lying  upon  an  Easter 
Sepulchre  of  later  date.  Stalls,  like  those  of  a  private 
chapel,  were  set  up  in  the  chancel,  and  open  screens 
were  made  to  divide  it  from  the  lateral  chapels,  that 
on  the  north  being  converted  into  a  vestry.  A  medi- 
eval altar-slab,  which  had  lain  over  the  grave  of  the 
Poyntz  family,  was  re-erected  upon  short  columns  on 
the  site  of  the  high  altar  below  the  east  window. 
The  chancel  and  its  lateral  chapels  were  alike  repaved 
with  encaustic  tiles  copied  from  the  old  ones,  with  the 
addition  of  some  bearing  the  arms  of  Luttrell. 


CH.  XII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  433 

Since  1876,  many  of  the  windows  of  the  church 
have  been  filled  with  stained  glass,  scriptural,  heraldic, 
or  decorative.  Part  of  the  garden  of  the  Priory,  on 
three  sides  of  the  *  old  church  ',  has  been  added  to  the 
graveyard,  with  some  reservations,  and  a  lych-gate  has 
been  erected  over  the  entrance  from  St.  George's 
Street.  Some  of  the  buildings  of  the  Priory  now  go 
with  the  Vicarage,  some  with  the  Castle.  One  of 
the  rooms  near  the  western  end  of  the  church  has  a 
mullioned  window  and  a  fine  stone  fireplace,  dating 
apparently  from  the  early  part  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
Beyond  the  great  barn  stands  the  monastic  pigeon- 
house,  a  circular  building  with  a  series  of  internal 
niches,  and  a  central  ladder  revolving  on  a  pivot.  In 
the  garden  of  the  Vicarage  there  is  an  oak  tree  of  yet 
greater  antiquity. 


OLD     GLASS     QUARRY 
IN     DUNSTER     CHURCH. 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

The  Manor  of  Avill. 


Avill  is  a  hamlet  in  the  south-western  part  of  the 
parish  of  Dunster.  For  many  centuries  it  was  a  sepa- 
rate manor  and  tithing,  extending  into  the  parishes 
of  Carhampton  and  Timberscombe,  and  its  history  is 
quite  distinct  from  that  of  the  manor  of  Dunster. 

In  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  Avill  (Auene) 
belonged  to  JElhic  (Aluric)  who  also  owned  Dunster 
(Torre),  Bratton  and  Broadwood.  Like  those  places, 
it  was,  at  the  Norman  Conquest,  bestowed  upon 
William  de  Mohun,  who,  however,  did  not  long 
retain  it  in  demesne.  In  1086,  his  military  tenant 
there  was  a  certain  Ralph,  the  other  householders 
being  a  villein  and  five  bordars.  The  estate  comprised 
two  ploughlands,  four  acres  of  meadow,  two  acres  of 
wood,  fifty  acres  of  pasture,  and  a  mill  which  yielded 
20^.  The  whole  was  assessed  at  half  a  hide  and 
valued  at  i  os.  ^ 

It  seems  probable  that  Ralph's  descendants  took  a 
surname  from  the  place  of  their  abode.  Henry  of 
Avill  (Aule)  was  a  witness  of  several  charters  of 
William  de  Mohun  the  Fourth,  between  1177  and 
1 194.'  In  1 20 1,  Agnes  of  Avill  was  entered  as 
holding  a  knight's  fee  of  the  Honour  of  Dunster,  but 

•  Domesday  Book.  7,  73,  234,  393,  394. 

'  Bntton  Carliilary,   (S.K.S.),  nos.  6, 


CH.  XIII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         435 

in  the  following  year,  the  holding  of  William  of 
Avill  was  entered  as  half  a  fee,  the  amount  at  which 
it  remained  fixed  in  subsequent  centuries/  In  1233, 
there  was  a  dispute  between  Hugh  of  Avill  and  his 
overlord,  Reynold  de  Mohun  of  Dunster,  as  to  the 
boundaries  of  their  respective  properties,  and  the 
Sheriff  was  ordered  by  the  King  to  make  a  peram- 
bulation of  them.  * 

The  next  member  of  the  family  mentioned  was 
Richard  Avele,  or  Havel,  who  was  returned  as  holding 
half  a  fee  under  the  lord  of  Dunster  in  1279,  1285, 
and  1303.^  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Geoffrey, 
who  held  the  half  fee  in  13 16,  1330,  and  1346.* 
In  1 3  1 4,  Geoffrey  son  of  Richard  of  Avill  (Auele) 
quit-claimed  to  Simon  de  la  Torre  and  Lucy  his  wife, 
late  the  wife  of  William  Astyng  of  la  Bergshe,  for 
their  lives,  all  his  right  in  the  tenement  and  land  of 
la  Bergshe,  and  granted  to  them  common  of  pasture 
on  his  hill  on  the  south  side  of  Avill  and  reasonable 
estovers  there.  In  consideration  of  this,  they  paid  a 
fine  of  4  marks  and  undertook  to  pay  a  yearly  rent  of 
6s.,  to  do  suit  twice  a  year  at  his  court  at  Avill,  and 
to  render  certain  services  elaborately  set  out,  such  as 
assisting  their  neighbours  in  repairing  the  "millegrip" 
of  Avill  and  the  "  watercloses, "  ploughing,  harrowing, 
reaping,  mowing,  carrying  hay  and  the  like.  A 
further  rent  of  bread,  capons  and  eggs  was  also  exact- 
ed. ^  It  is  remarkable  that  the  lord  of  the  manor  is 
not  mentioned  among  the  six  persons  assessed  at  Avill 
to  the  subsidy  of  1327.  Simon  de  la  Torre  appears 
in   the  list  under  the  name  of  Simon  atte  Burghe. 

'  Pipe  Rolls.  vol.  iv,  p.  302. 

*  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1231-1234,  *  Feudal  Aids,  vol,  iv,  pp.  334,  341 ; 
p.  295.  Inq.  Post  Mortem,  C.  Edw.  III.  file  22, 

*  Calendar  of  Inquisitions  fast  mor-  no.  11. 

tern,  vol.  ii,  pp.  177,  352  ;  Feudal  Aids,  *  D.C.B.  no.  10. 


436         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiii. 

Another  contributor  was  Godfrey  of  Illycombe  in 
Dunster,  and  a  third  was  Ralph  atte  Foremarsh,  who 
must  have  lived  at  the  place  of  that  name  in  the 
parish  of  Carhampton,  on  the  north  side  of  Dunster.  ^ 
There  is  evidence  at  a  later  date  that  part  of  the 
manor  of  Avill,  or  at  any  rate  part  of  the  estate  of 
the  lord  of  Avill,  was  close  to  the  sea-shore,  where  he 
had  a  "  fysshinge  were.  "  * 

The  family  of  Avill  seems  to  have  come  to  an  end 
about  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century.  Perhaps 
the  heiress  married  a  Kempe.  In  i  371,  John  Kempe, 
citizen  and  girdler  of  London,  and  Ellen  his  wife  sold 
the  manor  to  William  Cheddar  of  Bristol.  Their 
conveyance  of  it  makes  an  obscure  allusion  to  a 
knight's  fee,  and  states  that  certain  services  were  due 
by  Sir  James  Audley,  who  is  otherwise  known  to  have 
been  lord  of  the  adjoining  manor  of  Staunton.  ^ 

About  this  period,  there  is  the  earliest  mention  of 
a  curious  and  doubtless  very  ancient  obligation  upon 
the  Prior  of  Dunster,  the  lords  of  Avill  and  Withy- 
combe,  and  the  owner  of  Gillcotts  (Gildencote)  in 
Carhampton,  to  supply  a  wagon  with  two  men  and 
eight  oxen  to  carry  the  corn  or  hay  of  the  lord  of 
Dunster  for  one  day  apiece.  As  he  had  to  provide 
food,  this  '  carriage  work  '  was  valued  at  only  ij".  * 

There  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  William  Ched- 
dar ever  took  up  his  abode  at  Avill.  The  little  manor 
in  fact  became  a  mere  source  of  income  to  a  series  of 
very  wealthy  persons  residing  at  a  distance.  William 
Cheddar  died  about  Christmas  1382,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  brother  Robert,  who  had  been  Mayor 
of  Bristol.  °     In    1383,  the  manor  of  Avill  was,  with 

'  Lay  Subsidies,  169/5.  ■*  D.C.M.  ix,  2,  3  ;  xviii,  2,  3  ;  xix,  4 ; 

*  A.D.  1484.  Ministers' Accounts,  bun-  xx,  38  ;  xxii,  13. 
die  968,  no.  4.  *  Proceed itigs  of  Somerset  Archceologi- 

'  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset,  45  Edvv.  cat  Society,  vol.  xxxiv,  p.  115. 
III.  (Green,  iii.  82.) 


CH.  XIII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         437 

other  property,  settled  upon  Robert  Cheddar  and  Joan 
his  wife,  who  was  the  daughter  and  heiress  of  Simon 
Hanham  of  Gloucestershire.  ^  After  his  death  a  few 
months  later,  she  married  Sir  Thomas  Brook  of 
Weycroft  near  Axminster,  who  held  the  settled  estate 
jointly  with  her  until  his  death  in  January   141 8.  ^ 

The  earliest  account  of  a  reeve  of  Avill  that  has 
been  preserved  belongs  to  the  year  1396,  when  the 
main  source  of  revenue  consisted  of  fixed  rents 
amounting  to  close  upon  23/.  Courts  held  twice  a 
year  yielded  only  a  few  shillings.  No  mention  is 
made  of  the  demesne,  which  was  evidently  let. 
Among  the  expenses  were  payments  of  2.s.  at  Dunster 
for  respite  of  suit  to  the  court  of  the  Barony,  and  \s. 
as  a  composition  for  the  carriage-work  noticed  above.  ^ 
As  late  as  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
the  lord  of  Dunster  used  to  receive  four  separate 
payments  from  Avill,  that  is  to  say  zs.  from  the 
tithing  as  a  '  common  fine '  to  the  Hundred  Court  of 
Carhampton,  dd.  as  a  Candlemas  rent,  2J-.  as  a  feodary 
rent  to  the  Castle,  and  u.  as  a  '  high  rent'  to  the 
manor  of  Carhampton  Barton.  ^ 

Lady  Brook  is  entered  as  holding  half  a  fee  at  Avill 
in  1 428  and  in  1431.^  She  died  in  April  1 437  and, 
as  her  eldest  son  Richard  Cheddar  survived  her  only 
a  few  weeks,  the  property  passed  to  her  second  son, 
Thomas.  *"  It  is  difficult  to  give  any  satisfactory  ex- 
planation of  an  original  indenture  in  French  witnessing 
that  Thomas  Cheddar  did  homage  to  John  Luttrell, 
"  lord  of  Dunster,  "  on  the  3rd  of  March  in  the  ninth 
year  of  Henry  the  Fifth,  for  the  manor  of  Avill  held 

'  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset.  6  Ric.  II.  no.  i. 

(Green,  iii.  p.  ii8.)  <  D.C.M.  iii.  12. 

*  Ihid.  Divers  Counties,  11  Ric.  II.  *  Feudal  Aids,  vol.  iv,  pp.  390,  430. 
(Green,  iii,  p.  204) ;  D.C.M.  IV  ;  Inq.  «  Inq.  post  mortem,  15  Hen.  VI.  no. 
post  mortem,  5  Hen.  V.  no.  54.  62  ;  Proceedings  of  Somerset  ArclKtolog- 

*  Ministers'   Accounts,    bundle    968,  ical  Society,  vol.  xliv.  p.  17. 


438  A   HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiii. 

of  him  by  the  service  of  half  a  knight's  fee.  ^  Such 
homage  would  only  be  due  on  succession,  and  John 
Luttrell  was  lord  of  Dunster  from  March  1428  to 
June  1430,  whereas  the  document  professes  to  belong 
to  the  year  1422. 

Thomas  Cheddar  died  in  July  1442,  leaving  as  his 
coheiresses  two  daughters,  Joan,  aged  eighteen  the 
relict  of  Richard  Stafford,  and  Isabel,  aged  fourteen, 
the  wife  of  John  Newton,  son  of  the  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Common  Pleas.  Avill,  however,  seems  to  have 
been  assigned  in  dower  to  the  widow,  Isabel,  who 
survived  until  January  1476.  It  then  passed  to  Eliza- 
beth daughter  and  heiress  of  her  eldest  daughter  Joan, 
bv  her  second  husband  John  Talbot,  Viscount  Lisle.  ^ 
This  Elizabeth  was  the  wife  of  Sir  Edward  Grey, 
who  was  created  Baron  Lisle  in  1475,  and  Viscount 
Lisle  in  1483.  ^ 

Some  accounts  of  the  reeve  of  Avill  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  the  Fourth  show  that  the  rents  of  the  free 
and  the  customary  tenants  had  remained  practically 
unchanged  since  the  close  of  the  previous  century. 
In  1476,  however,  there  was  an  unusual  receipt  of 
over  43/.  "  coming  from  the  fines  of  divers  customary 
tenants  made  with  Edward  Basyng,  the  steward,  in 
full  court  held  there.  "  *  A  conjecture  may  be  offered 
that  the  tenants  paid  this  money  for  the  enclosure  of 
the  lord's  waste,  or  some  other  surrender  of  his  rights. 

After  the  death  of  Elizabeth,  Viscountess  Lisle,  in 
September  1487,  her  husband  continued  to  hold  the 
manor  of  Avill,  presumably  by  the  courtesy  of  Eng- 

'  D.C.M.  IV.  28.  nioitem,  32  Hen.  VI.   no.  38  ;  7  Edw. 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  21  Hen.  VI.no.  IV.  no.  42  ;   12   Edw.   IV.  no.  40  ;    16 

55  ;  Escheators"  Enrolled  Accounts,  37,  Edw.  IV.  no.  67. 

m.34.     An  engraving  of  Thomas  Ched-  '  D.C.M.  V.  55;  xxxi.  10. 

dar's   monumental   brass   is   given   in  *  Ministers'    Accounts,    bundle   968, 

Proceedings  of  the  Somerset  A tchirolo-  no. 3. 
gical  Society,  vol.  xliv,    p.  44.  Inq.  post 


CH.  XIII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         439 

land,  until  his  own  death  in  July  1492,  when  it  passed 
to  their  son  John,  Viscount  Lisle,  who  died  in  Sep- 
tember 1504.  By  a  post-nuptial  settlement,  this  John 
had  given  a  life  interest  in  Avill  to  his  wife  Muriel, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey.  ^  She 
married  a  second  husband.  Sir  Thomas  Knyvett,  and 
died  about  Christmas  1512.^  Her  only  child  Eliza- 
beth, Baroness  Lisle,  married  Henry  Courtenay,  Earl 
of  Devon,  but  died  under  age  and  without  issue,  in 
the  spring  of  15 19,  when  the  property  passed  to  her 
aunt.  ^ 

Elizabeth  Grey,  daughter  of  Edward,  Viscount 
Lisle  by  Elizabeth  Talbot  his  wife,  married  firstly 
Edmund  Dudley,  the  celebrated  minister  of  Henry 
the  Seventh.  After  his  execution  in  August  15 10, 
she  married  Arthur  Plantagenet,  an  illegitimate  son 
of  Edward  the  Fourth,  who  was  created  Viscount 
Lisle  in  1523.  The  steward  who  held  a  court  at  Avill 
in  their  names  in  1521,  describes  her  as  '  Viscountess 
Lisley',  although  she  was  only  Baroness  at  that  time.  * 
On  her  behalf,  her  husband  paid  5oj".  to  Sir  Andrew 
Luttrell  of  Dunster  in  1530,  by  way  of  relief  on  half 
a  fee.  ^  She  died  without  issue  by  him,  and,  in  i  5  3  i , 
Sir  John  Dudley,  her  son  by  her  first  husband,  con- 
veyed the  manor  of  Avill  and  other  property  inherited 
from  the  Cheddars  to  feoffees,  presumably  with  a 
view  to  sale.  ** 

Sir  Edward  Seymour,  afterwards  celebrated  in  hist- 
ory as  Duke  of  Somerset,  bought  the  manor  before 
1536,  but  he  did  not  hold  it  long.  ^     In  1539,  when 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  II.  vol.  8,  no.  *  Court  Rolls,  General  Series,  Portf. 

lo  ;  Early  Chancery  Proceedings,  file  198.  no.  17. 

95,  nos.  63-65  ;  Inq.  postmortem,  E.  II.  *  D.C.M.  v.  9,  11. 

file  497,  no.  52.  "  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset,  23  Hen. 

*  Nicholas's   Tcstamenia    Vetnsta,  p.  VIII. 

516.  '  Chancer^'   Proceedings,    Series   II. 

*  Patent  Roll,   n  Hen.  VIII.  part  2,       file  42,  no.  82  ;  Star  Chamber  Procecd- 
m.  6.  ings,  xvii,  no.  366. 


440         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiii. 

he  was  Earl  of  Hertford,  he  and  Anne  his  wife  sold 
the  manor  and  various  lands  in  Avill  and  Slape  to 
John  Stocker  of  Poole,  merchant,  and  Edith  his  wife. 
The  fine  levied  for  this  purpose  professes  to  deal  with 
thirty  messuages,  ten  cottages,  four  hundred  acres  of 
land,  forty  of  meadow,  a  hundred  of  pasture,  fifty  of 
wood  and  a  thousand  of  furze  and  heath,  but  these 
round  numbers  must  not  be  taken  literally.  On  the 
other  hand,  a  specific  mention  of  30^.  rent  suggests 
that  very  few  of  the  tenants  then  held  estates  in  per- 
petuity. ^  The  purchaser  died  in  September  of  the 
same  year  and  his  relict  Edith,  daughter  of  Richard 
Phelips,  married  John  Horsey  of  Clifton  Maubank, 
six  months  afterwards.  ^  When  John  Stocker  the 
second  came  of  age  in  1555,  Sir  John  Horsey  and 
Edith  his  wife  surrendered  the  manor  to  him  in  con- 
sideration of  an  annuity,  but  he  died  within  a  few  years 
and  they  re-entered.  Elizabeth  his  relict,  daughter 
and  coheiress  of  Sir  Christopher  Hales,  who  married 
secondly  George  Sydenham,  had  a  long  suit  against 
them  in  the  early  years  of  Elizabeth,  on  behalf  of  her 
infant  son,  John  Stocker  the  third.  ^ 

There  was  also  litigation  about  the  same  period 
with  regard  to  the  manor-house  and  farm  of  Avill, 
which  the  Horseys  had  demised  for  three  lives  at  a 
yearly  rent  of  40/.  and  half  a  tun  of  Gascon  wine.  * 
In  the  sixteenth  century,  there  was  a  chapel  of  St.  Mary 
Magdalene  at  Avill,  close  to  the  boundary  of  the  parish 
of  Dunster.^  The  number  of  tenants  was  about  ten.  ** 
In  1594,  John  Stocker  the  third  paid  ^os.  to  George 
Luttrell  of  Dunster  Castle  by   way  of  relief  on  suc- 

'  D.C.M.  V.  21.  *  Ibid,  file  45,  no.  10 ;  file  42,  no.  82  ; 

*  Inq.    post    mortem,    E.     H.    929.       file4i,  no.  it. 

no.  I.  ^  See  page  347  above. 

*  Chancery   Proceedings,  Series   II.  ^  Court    of    Requests    Proceeding.s, 
file  169,  nos.  11-13.                                        127,  no.  12. 


CH.  XIII.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         441 

cession  to  the  manor  of  Avill,  reckoned  as  half  a 
knight's  fee.  *  He  married  Margaret  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  Anthony  Skutt  of  Stanton  Drew.  '  In 
1609,  John  Stocker  and  Margaret  his  wife  conveyed 
to  Robert  Roper  three  messuages,  a  water  grist-mill, 
two  fulling-mills,  a  dovecot,  seventy  acres  of  land, 
fifty  of  meadow,  eighty  of  pasture  and  fifty  of  wood, 
and  common  of  pasture  in  Avill  and  Dunster, '  The 
gristmill  doubtless  occupied  the  site  of  that  mentioned 
in  Domesday  Book.  A  new  fulling-mill  at  Avill  had 
been  let,  in  1476,  to  John  Cockes,  '  touker '  for  three 
lives  according  to  the  custom  of  the  manor.  *  The 
conveyance  of  1609  must  be  regarded  as  part  of  a 
mortgage  or  settlement  rather  than  a  sale,  for  the 
Stockers  continued  to  hold  Avill  for  some  time  longer. 
Their  usual  residence  was  at  Chilcompton. 

John  Stocker  died  in  161  2  or  161  3,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Anthony  his  son.^  This  Anthony  Stocker 
was  a  free  suitor  to  the  Hundred  Court  of  Carhampton 
in  1 614  and  1619.^  He  married  Margaret  daughter 
of  Sir  Arthur  Capel  of  Hadham,  in  Hertfordshire, 
and  had  issue  at  least  four  sons  and  two  daughters.  ^ 
John  Stocker,  the  eldest,  was  born  in  1 6 1  5.  Through 
serving  as  a  Colonel  in  the  King's  army  he  got  into 
trouble  and  had  to  pay  a  fine  of  over  1300/.  in  1648.  * 
He  conveyed  the  manors  of  Avill  and  Hinton  Blewett 
to  feoffees  in  the  following  year,  but  he  was  entered 
as  a  free  suitor  to  the  Hundred  Court  of  Carhampton 
as  late  as  1658.^  His  brother  and  heir  William  was 
similarly  entered  in  1661  and   1668.      This  William 

'  D.C.M.  V.  43.  ®  D.C.M.  XXXI.  19. 

»  Visitation   of  Somersetshire,    1623,  '  Visitation  of  Somersetshire;  Brown's 

p.  105  ;   Brown's  Somersetshire   Wills,  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  iv,  p.  88. 

vol.  iv,  p.  19.  "  Calendar  of  Committee  for  Com- 

*  Feet  of  P'incs,  Somerset,  6  Jac.  I.  founding,  p.  1836. 

*  D.C.M.  V.  55.  ^  Feet    of    Fines,    Somerset,    Mich. 
•^  Visitation  of  Somersetshire,  p.  105.  1649  ;  D.C.M. 


442         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiii. 

Stocker,  his  wife  Mary  and  their  eldest  son  John 
alike  died  in  1669,  when  the  inheritance  passed  to 
the  second  son  Anthony.^  In  i  699,  Anthony  Stocker 
and  Sarah  his  wife  sold  the  manor  of  Avill  and  land 
in  the  parishes  of  Dunster,  Carhampton,  Crowcombe, 
Stogumber,  Timberscombe  and  St.  Decumans,  to 
WiUiam  Blackford.^  The  family,  however,  continued 
elsewhere  in  the  county.  ^ 

William  Blackford  of  Dunster,  the  purchaser  of 
Avill,  had  but  recently  bought  the  manor  of  Bossing- 
ton  and  an  estate  at  Holnicote.  Dying  in  1728,  he 
was  buried  at  Selworthy.  His  son  and  successor  of 
the  same  name  died  in  1730,  leaving  an  infant  daugh- 
ter Henrietta,  who  died  in  1733,  in  the  seventh  year 
of  her  age.  The  Blackford  property  in  Somerset 
then  passed  to  her  second  cousin,  Elizabeth  daughter 
of  Thomas  Dyke  of  Tetton  in  the  parish  of  Kings- 
ton. *  This  lady,  who  eventually  inherited  the  large, 
though  scattered,  estates  of  the  several  branches  of  the 
Dyke  family,  married,  in  1745,  Sir  Thomas  Acland, 
and  a  part  of  the  ancient  manor  of  Avill,  extending 
from  the  ridge  of  Grabbist  nearly  to  the  sea-shore, 
belongs  to  their  descendant  Sir  C.  T.  Dyke  Acland. 

Courts  baron  for  the  then  undivided  manor  used 
to  be  held  at  Kitswall  in  the  early  part  of  the  nine- 
teenth century.  ^  The  old  feodary  rent  of  2s.  used 
also  to  be  paid  to  successive  owners  of  Dunster  Castle. 
It  was  extinguished  in  1870,  in  connexion  with  an 
exchange  of  lands  between  the  late  Sir  Thomas  Dyke 
Acland  and  Mr.  G.  F.  Luttrell,  by  which  the  latter 
acquired  the  mill  of  Avill  and  the  adjacent  land  in 
the  valley. 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire   Wills,   vol.       ii,  p.  130. 
iv,  pp.  88,  89.  *  Chadwyck  Healey's  History  of  part 

*  Feet  of   Fines,  Somerset,   10  Will.       of  West  Somerset. 

HI.  *  Savage's  Hundred  of  Carhampton 

*  Collinson's  History  of  Somerset,  vol.      pp.  307,  451. 


CHAPTER     XIV 

The  Manor  of  Staunton. 


Staunton  occupies  the  eastern  part  of  the  parish  of 
Dunster,  immediately  south  of  Minehead.  In  the  reign 
of  Edward  the  Confessor,  it  belonged  to  a  certain 
Walo  or  Walle,  whose  estate  there  comprised  three 
virgates.  WiUiam  the  Conqueror  granted  it  to  WilHam 
de  Mohun,  under  whom  its  value  rose  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years  from  7^.  td.  to  i  5J.  At  the  time  of 
the  great  survey  of  1086,  he  had  two  and  a  half 
virgates  in  demesne.  There  were  also  five  acres  of 
meadow  and  forty  of  pasture.  The  tenants  consisted 
of  two  villeins,  two  serfs,  and  two  bordars,  who  held 
half  a  virgate  and  a  carucate.  There  was  only  one 
plough-team,  although  the  arable  land  was  sufficient 
for  two.  To  this  estate  had  been  added  another 
comprising  one  virgate,  two  acres  of  meadow  and 
fifty  of  pasture,  worth  altogether  y.  Here  there 
was  only  one  bordar.  ^ 

A  charter  of  Theobald,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
issued  in  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  century,  shows 
that  one  of  the  earlier  Mohuns  had  granted,  or  con- 
firmed, the  tithes  of  Staunton  to  the  Benedictine 
monks  of  Bath.  ^  There  is  no  record  of  the  date  at 
which  a  lord  of  Dunster  gave  the  manor  to  a  military 

'  Domesday  Hook.  C.  65. 

»  Two  Chmtularies  0}  Bath  (S.R.S.), 


444         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiv. 

tenant,  to  be  held  of  him  and  his  successors  upon  the 
usual  terms  of  feudal  service. 

In  1 196  and  in  1201,  a  certain  Walter  of  Dun- 
heved,  or  Downhead,  held  of  the  Honour  of  Dunster 
a  knight's  fee  which  may  safely  be  located  at  Staunton.^ 
He  presumably  took  his  name  from  Downhead  near 
Mells,  in  the  eastern  part  of  Somerset.  We  find  him 
claiming  land  at  Edington  in  1208,  and  the  advowson 
of  the  church  of  Badgworth  twelve  years  later.  ^  He 
died  in  or  about  1224.  ' 

Several  members  of  the  Downhead  family  were 
connected  with  Ireland  in  the  thirteenth  century,  but 
it  is  impossible  to  say  which  of  them  owned  Staunton 
in  the  long  reign  of  Henry  the  Third.  A  second 
Walter  of  Downhead,  who  had  land  at  Mells  in 
1280,  is  described  as  grandson  and  heir  of  Erneis 
of  Downhead.*  This  Walter  may  probably  be  iden- 
tified with  a  person  of  that  name  who,  in  1 279  and 
again  in  1285,  was  found  by  inquisition  tQ  hold  a 
knight's  fee  at  Staunton  of  Sir  John  de  Mohun  of 
Dunster  recently  deceased.  '^  Staunton  was  one  of 
the  fees  assigned  to  Eleanor  de  Mohun  the  widow, 
who  married  a  second  husband,  Sir  William  Martin. ' 
Under  this  arrangement,  the  Martins  obtained  of 
course  only  the  overlordship,  valuable  in  the  event  of 
the  death  of  Walter  of  Downhead  during  her  life- 
time, after  which  it  would  pass  to  the  owner  of 
Dunster  Castle.  Before  long,  however,  they  obtain- 
ed actual  possession  of  the  manor,  presumably  by 
purchase. 

'Pipe  Rolls;  RotulideOblatis,p.  136.  q/  Manuscripts  of  the  Dean  &  Chapter 

»  Rotiili  lie  Finibiis,   p.   430  ;  Curia  of  Wells  (Hist.    MSS.    Comm.    1907); 

Regis  Roll,  no.  74.  m.  i.  ^'cet  of  Ft  11  ea  for  Somerset,  vols.  i.  and  ii; 

*  Somersetshire  Pleas  (S.R.S.),  p.  80.  Feudal    Aids,    vol.  iv  ;    Somersetshire 

*  Assize  Roll,  no.  763,  m.  38.     Fur-  Pleas. 

ther  notices  of  the   Downhead  family  •'  Calendar  of  Inquisitions  post  mor- 

vvillbe  found  in  Calendar  of  Documents       tern,  vol.  ii.  p.  177. 
relating  tolreland  1171-1301;  Calendar  '  Ibid.  pp.  352,  353. 


CH.  XIV.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         445 

In  1296,  John  Downhead  sued  Gilbert  de  Pero, 
William  Martin  and  Eleanor  his  wife,  William  of 
Wells,  Gilbert  atte  Putte,  and  four  others,  for  disseis- 
ing him  of  the  manor  of  Staunton  Downhead  by 
Dunster.  Gilbert  de  Pero  had,  it  appears,  recently 
enfeoffed  the  Martins,  but  the  record  of  the  proceed- 
ings does  not  show  his  title  to  it  or  the  relationship 
of  John  Downhead  to  Walter  Downhead.  Eventually 
the  plaintiff  failed  to  appear  and  the  Martins  were  left 
in  possession.  ^ 

From  this  date  onwards,  the  history  of  the  manor 
of  Staunton  is  tolerably  clear.  The  chief  point  to 
be  noted  is  that  it  seldom,  if  ever,  had  a  resident 
lord.  Passing  from  one  family  to  another,  it  was 
simply  a  source  of  income  to  persons  living  at  a 
distance. 

In  1303,  William  Martin,  'lord  of  Staunton',  was 
returned  as  holding  half  a  fee  there  of  John  de  Mohun, 
the  amount  being,  as  in  many  other  cases,  understated, 
to  the  prejudice  of  the  Crown.  ^  He  is  described  as 
lord  of  Kemeys  in  the  celebrated  letter  from  the 
barons  of  England  to  Pope  Boniface  the  Eighth.  ^ 
Dying  in  October  1324,  he  was  succeeded  by  his 
eldest  surviving  son  of  the  same  name.  * 

William  Martin  the  second  was  summoned  to 
Parliament  in  the  following  year,  but  he  did  not  long 
survive  his  father  and  died  in  August  1326,  leaving 
a  widow,  Margaret,  without  issue.  ^  At  an  inquisition 
taken  in  that  year,  it  was  found  that  at  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  seised  of  two-thirds  of  the  '  hamlet ' 
of  Staunton,  which  was  held  of  John  de  Mohun  by 
service  of  a  quarter  of  a  fee.      It  then  comprised  a 

•  Assize  Rolls,  no.  1310,  m.  $(!.;  no.  *  Escheators"   Enrolled  Accounts,  1. 
1313,  m.  34.                                                     m.  16;  Fine  Roll,  18  Edw.  II.  m.  17. 

*  Feudal  Aids,  \o\.  \v.  p.  302.  ^Escheators'   Enrolled  Accounts,  1. 
'  The  Ancestor,  no.  vii.  p.  256.                   m.  i6d. 


446         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiv. 

capital  messuage  and  a  garden  of  two  acres,  a  water- 
mill,  fifty-two  acres  of  arable  land  in  demesne,  six 
acres  of  meadow,  twenty-one  acres  of  pasture,  and 
some  '  mountain  pasture  '  of  small  value.  There  were 
on  the  manor  three  free  tenants  and  eight  bondmen, 
whose  services  are  minutely  specified.  ^  From  the  fact 
that  William  Martin  the  second  held  only  two  thirds 
of  the  estate,  it  may  be  inferred  that  the  remainder 
was  in  the  possession  of  a  widow,  either  his  mother 
Eleanor,  or  his  sister-in-law  Jouette,  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Hastings  and  relict  of  his  elder  brother  Edmund 
Martin. ' 

A  third  of  the  lands  and  fees  of  William  Martin  was 
assigned  in  dower  to  the  widow  Margaret,  who  soon 
afterwards  married  Sir  Robert  of  Watevill.  The  other 
two  thirds  were  divided  between  his  two  coheirs,  his 
sister  Eleanor,  the  wife  of  Philip  Columbers,  and  his 
nephew,  James  Audley,  son  of  his  sister  Joan  by  Sir 
Nicholas  Audley.  ^ 

Staunton  fell  to  the  share  of  James  Audley,  who 
was  summoned  to  Parliament  in  1330,  when  he  was 
about  seventeen  years  of  age.  ^  At  some  unspecified 
date,  he  demised  to  his  aunt,  Eleanor  Columbers,  six 
messuages,  one  carucate  of  land,  eight  acres  of  meadow, 
two  acres  of  wood,  and  two  thirds  of  the  mill  at 
Staunton,  for  which  she  undertook  to  do  the  necessary 
suit  at  the  court  of  the  lord  of  Dunster.  At  her 
death  in  1342,  without  issue,  this  property  reverted 
to  him.  ^ 

In  1353,  Sir  James  Audley  arranged  to  sell  to  the 
King  the   reversion,  after  his  own  death,  of  certain 

•  Inq.   post    mortem,    19    Edw.    II.      no.  10. 

no.  ICO.  *  Feudal  Aids,  vol.  iv.  p.  341;  Calen- 

*  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  I2g2-i30i,      dar  of  Inquisitions,  vol.  vi.  p.  220. 

p.  3I4-  *  Inq.   post   mortem,    16   Edw.    III. 

'^  Ibid.  i32j-i3^o,  p.  261;  1381-138^,       no.  51. 
p.  515;  Inq.  post  mortem  33  Edw.  III. 


CH.  XIV.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  447 

manors  and  advowsons  in  Cornwall,  Devon  and  Somer- 
set, including  his  estate  at  Staunton.  In  connexion 
with  this  sale,  an  elaborate  '  extent  '  was  made  at 
Staunton  '  in  Dunsterdene  ',  the  details  of  which 
may  be  compared  with  those  given  in  the  inquisition 
of  1326.  If  we  may  assume  both  valuations  to  have 
been  made  with  equal  impartiality,  the  arable  land 
had  in  twenty-seven  years  risen  in  value  from  4^^.  to 
IJ-.  an  acre,  and  the  yield  of  the  mill  had  risen  from 
ys.  6d.  to  I  /.  The  pleas  and  perquisites  of  the  man- 
orial courts  were,  however,  assessed  at  only  6s.  8^.  ^ 
The  transaction  between  Sir  James  Audley  and  the 
King  was  completed  in  the  same  year  by  a  fine  levied 
in  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  ^ 

The  object  of  Edward  the  Third  in  buying  from 
Sir  James  Audley  the  reversion  of  various  manors  and 
advowsons  was  to  bestow  them  upon  the  Cistercian 
Abbey  of  St.  Mary  Graces,  recently  founded  by  him 
near  the  Tower  of  London.  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  and  others  were  accordingly  appointed  as 
feoffees  to  carry  out  his  intentions  in  the  matter. ' 
Little,  however,  could  actually  be  done,  as  Sir  James 
Audley  lived  to  a  considerable  age  and  survived  the 
King  by  nearly  nine  years. 

In  May  1374,  Sir  James  Audley  ceded  his  life 
interest  in  the  manor  of  Staunton  to  William  Gambon, 
for  a  yearly  rent  of  61.  6s.  %d.  Some  two  years  before 
this,  Gambon  had  been  appointed  Constable  of 
Gainsborough  Castle  by  John  of  Gaunt,  and  he  was 
also  one  of  the  yeomen  of  the  King's  Chamber.  By 
means  then  of  his  influence  at  Court  he  obtained  not 
only  a  royal  confirmation  of  his  arrangement  with 
Audley,  but  also  a  definite  grant  in  fee  of  the  reversion 

'  Misc.  Inq.  27  Edw.  III.  file  169.  ^  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  i^SS-i^gi, 

^  Feet  of  Fines,  Divers  Counties,  27       p.  364. 
Edw.  III. 


448         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiv. 

of  the  manor.  ^  It  was  easy  for  Richard  the  Second 
to  be  generous  at  the  expense  of  the  Cistercian  monks. 
Subject  to  the  temporary  rent  payable  to  Audley,  and 
to  the  feudal  services  due  to  Dunster  Castle,  William 
Gambon  became  the  owner  of  Staunton.  In  1379 
accordingly,  we  find  him  paying  2J-.  to  Lady  de 
Mohun  for  respite  of  suit  of  court  for  a  twelvemonth.^ 

Complications,  however,  arose  ere  long.  In  the 
first  place,  the  feoffees  of  Edward  the  Third,  ignoring 
the  grant  to  Gambon,  formally  conveyed  to  the  Abbot 
and  Convent  of  St.  Mary  Graces  the  reversion  which 
he  had  bought  from  Audley.  ^  In  the  second  place, 
Richard  the  Second,  altogether  disregarding  the  pious 
intention  of  his  grandfather,  granted  them  to  his  own 
half-brother,  John  Holland,  Earl  of  Huntingdon. 
His  letters  patent  to  this  effect  bear  date  the  i8th  of 
December  1384,  but,  within  two  months,  he,  with 
the  assent  of  the  Council,  made  a  fresh  and  incon- 
sistent grant  of  them  to  his  favourite,  Robert  de  Vere, 
Marquess  of  Dublin.  *  In  the  course  of  the  financial 
year  ending  at  Michaelmas  1385,  the  Marquess  paid 
two  visits  to  West  Somerset,  presumably  for  the  pur- 
pose of  inspecting  the  property  at  Staunton.  On 
one  occasion  he  stayed  at  Minehead  and  on  the  other 
at  Dunster  Castle,  and  the  costs  of  his  entertainment 
at  those  places  amounting  to  6/.  is.  ^d.  were  defrayed 
by  Lady  de  Mohun. ' 

The  letters  patent  in  favour  of  the  Earl  of  Hun- 
tingdon mentioned  above  were  not  revoked  until  the 
2nd  of  April  1386,  the  day  after  the  death  of  Sir 
James  Audley.  ^     Although  the  property  that  should 

*  Patent  Roll,  48  Edw.  HI.  part  2,      p.  267. 

m.  4  ;  Duchy  of  Lancaster  Miscellane-  *  Ibid.  1381-1  jS^,  p.  515. 

ous  Books,  vol.  xiii,  f.  55.  ''  D.C.M.  xxxi.  2. 

*  D.C.M.  IV.  13.  «  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1 385-1 -fSg, 

*  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1401-140^,  P-  Uj- 


CH.  XIV.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         449 

then  have  passed  to  the  monks  was  valued  at  200 
marks  a  year,  they  had  perforce  to  be  satisfied  with 
an  annuity  of  i  i  o  marks  derived  from  other  sources/ 

Upon  hearing  of  the  death  of  Sir  James  Audley, 
the  Sheriff  of  Somerset  entered  upon  the  manor  of 
Staunton,  with  a  view  to  handing  it  over  to  the 
Marquess  of  DubHn.  William  Gambon,  however, 
came  forward  with  his  letters  patent  of  1374,  and,  as 
the  Marquess  failed  to  appear  to  show  cause  against 
them  in  Chancery,  those  of  1386  were  revoked  in  so 
far  as  they  related  to  the  manor  of  Staunton,  ^ 

Even  after  this,  Gambon  was  threatened  with  the 
loss  of  his  property.  In  1388,  Robert  de  Vere,  now 
Duke  of  Ireland,  was  cited  to  appear  before  '  the 
Merciless  Parliament  '  to  answer  charges  brought 
against  him  by  five  lords  opposed  to  the  King's  policy, 
and  was  condemned  to  death  as  a  traitor.  His  unen- 
tailed estates  were  consequently  forfeited.^  The  King 
thereupon,  in  the  month  of  July,  made  a  fresh  grant 
to  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon  of  various  lands  that  had 
belonged  to  Sir  James  Audley,  including  specifically 
the  manor  of  Staunton  '  by  Dunsterdene.  '  * 

The  Earl  of  Huntingdon  was  promoted  to  the 
dignity  of  Duke  of  Exeter  in  1397,  but  joining  in  a 
conspiracy  against  Henry  the  Fourth,  he  was  taken 
prisoner  and  beheaded  in  January  1400.  Two  months 
later,  the  Parliament  declared  his  estates  to  be  for- 
feited. ^  Once  more  then  the  Crown  was  enabled  to 
dispose  of  the  lands  acquired  from  Sir  James  Audley. 
Henry  the  Fourth,  however,  instead  of  bestowing 
them   upon   a  relation  or  a  favourite,  determined  to 

'  Calendar  of  Patent  RollsjsgQ- 1 40 1,  1359,  p.  495. 

p.  275.  *  Rotiili  Parliamentorum,  vol.  iii.  p. 

*  Ibid.  i^S^-i^Sg,  p.  332.  459.    His  son,  restored  to  the  Earldom, 

*  Rotuli    Parliamentorum,    vol.    iii.  eventually   got   compensation   for  the 
p.  237.  loss  of  Staunton.     Calendar  of  Patent 

*  Calendar    of  Patent   Rolls,    1385-  Rolls,  J441-1446,  p.  242. 

/ 


450         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiv. 

carry  out  the  intention  of  his  grandfather.  With  this 
object  he  issued  letters  patent  granting  to  the  Abbot 
and  Convent  of  St.  Mary  Graces  various  manors, 
including  that  of  Staunton.  The  pension  assigned 
in  lieu  of  them  w^as  of  course  vv^ithdraw^n.  ^  Staunton 
was  again  enumerated  in  a  list  of  the  possessions  con- 
firmed to  the  monks  by  Pope  Boniface  the  Ninth  in 
1403.  ^  When  Sir  John  Cornwall  and  Elizabeth  his 
wife,  the  King's  sister,  sought  to  recover  a  third  of 
this  and  two  other  manors  as  definitely  assigned  to 
her  in  dower  by  her  former  husband,  the  Earl  of 
Huntingdon,  the  Abbot  pleaded  as  if  all  three  belong- 
ed to  him  and  his  convent.  "*  Whether  they  ever 
got  anything  in  compensation  for  Staunton  does  not 
appear. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  a  certain  William  Gambon 
who  died  in  1392  was  the  person  who  had  acquired 
the  manor  of  Staunton.  *  If  he  was,  we  must  sup- 
pose him  to  have  conveyed  it  to  feoffees,  or  to  have 
sold  it  outright,  leaving  the  purchaser  to  take  the 
risk  of  a  lawsuit.  In  different  years  between  1403 
and  1409,  the  tenants  of  the  lands  "late  of  William 
Gambon  "  paid  2s.  to  the  bailiff  of  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell 
for  respite  of  suit  of  court.  "  One  list  of  the  fees 
belonging  to  the  Honour  of  Dunster  at  this  period 
specifies  John  Wadham  and  William  Fry  as  the  tenants 
of  a  fee  at  Staunton.  **  In  141  o,  and  in  every  year 
from  141  3  to  1420,  William  Fry  paid  2s.  for  respite 
of  suit  of  court.  ^  The  earliest  of  the  existing  title- 
deeds  of  Staunton  is  a  quit-claim  by  John  son  of 
William  Gambon  to  William  Fry  and  five  others  of 

^Calendar  of  Patent    Rolls,    1399-  Mnq.  post  mortem,  17  Ric.  II.  no.  26. 

1401,  pp.  275,  284,  397.  5  D.C.M.  IV.  15. 

»  Calendar  of  Papal  Letters,  vol.  v.  «  D.C.M.  iv.  18. 

P-  548-  ^  D.C.M.  IV.  15,  25. 

^  Placita  de  Banco,  574.  m.  ii6. 


CH.  XIV.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         451 

all  his  right  in  the  manor,  the  water-mill,  lands,  tene- 
ments, rents,  services,  wardships,  marriages,  reliefs  and 
escheats  pertaining  thereto.  The  over-lord,  Sir  Hugh 
Luttrell,  was  a  witness  to  this  document  in  141 6. 
An  inquisition  of  the  following  year  shows  that  a 
certain  John  Milward  had  been  in  actual  possession 
for  many  years,  presumably  as  an  undertenant. 

The  court-rolls  of  the  Barony  of  Dunster  give 
Peter  Fry  as  owner  of  Staunton  from  1421  to  1427. 
In  1429,  the  tenants  of  lands  there  "late  of  Peter 
Fry  "  were  required  to  do  homage  and  fealty  to  Sir 
John  Luttrell.  ^  Two  years  later,  a  second  Peter  Fry, 
described  as  of  Kingsbridge  in  the  county  of  Devon, 
esquire,  was  in  possession.  ^  Although  he  paid  yearly 
for  respite  of  suit  to  the  court  of  the  Barony  of 
Dunster,  he  did  not  do  homage  until  October  1449.  ^ 

A  third  Peter  Fry  paid  5/.  by  way  of  relief  to  the 
Yorkist  lord  of  Dunster  at  the  beginning  of  the  reign 
of  Edward  the  Fourth.  ^  Dying  some  nineteen  years 
later,  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Robert,  then  about 
sixteen  years  of  age.  At  the  inquisition  taken  shortly 
afterwards,  it  was  found  that  Staunton  was  held  of 
the  Earl  of  Huntingdon  by  knight's  service  and  a 
yearly  rent  of  2s.  *  This  Robert  Fry  did  homage  to 
Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  in  May  1500.  ^  He  died  in 
March  1531/ 

William  Fry,  son  and  heir  of  Robert  Fry,  similarly 
did  homage  to  Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  in  May  1532.'' 
Some  nine  years  later,  he  settled  the  manor  of  Staunton 
on  his  son  William  Fry  the  younger.  ^"    Bartholomew 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  4  Hen.  V.  no.  50,      no.  41. 

and  Exchequer  transcript.  ^  D.C.M.  iv.  56. 

'  D.C.M.  IV.  30.  «  Inq.  post  mortem,   C.  H.  81  (312). 

'  Feudal  Aids,  vol.  iv.  p.  430,  '  D.C.M.  v.  14. 

*  D.C.M.  IV.  38.  "  Feet  of   Fines,  Somerset,  Hilary, 
5  D.C.M.  I.  27.  32  Hen.  VHI. 

•  Inq.  post  mortem,  20    Edw,  IV, 


452         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiv. 

Fry  seems  to  have  done  homage  to  Thomas  Luttrell 
for  a  fee  at  Staunton,  in  April  1559.^  He  is  describ- 
ed as  son  of  WiUiam  Fry.  ^  His  wife's  name  was 
Elizabeth.  ^ 

In  1593,  Bartholomew  Fry,  gentleman,  and  Ferdi- 
nando  Fry,  his  eldest  son,  conveyed  to  Richard 
Godbeare  the  whole  manor  of  Staunton,  with  its 
appurtenances  in  the  parishes  of  Dunster  and  Mine- 
head,  subject  to  the  rents  and  services  due  therefrom.  * 
Four  years  later,  Godbeare  in  turn  conveyed  it  to 
Nicholas  Downe,  a  merchant  of  Barnstaple,  and  the 
purchaser  did  homage  to  George  Luttrell  in  No- 
vember 1 60 1.  ^ 

Nicholas  Downe  seems  to  have  been  succeeded  by 
Richard  Downe,  who  matriculated  at  Exeter  College, 
Oxford,  in  1 6 1 5  and  eventually  proceeded  to  the 
degree  of  D.D.  He  became  rector  of  Tawstock  and 
of  Marwood  in  Devonshire. 

Although  the  little  manor  of  Staunton  had  for 
centuries  had  its  own  court  baron,  the  tithingman 
had  been  required  to  attend  the  lawdays  at  Minehead. 
When  Minehead  received  a  royal  charter  of  incorpor- 
ation in  1559,  and  became  a  parliamentary  borough, 
the  householders  at  Staunton  obtained  the  franchise 
as  belonging  to  it.  In  a  custumal  of  1647,  there  is 
the  following  curious  entry  :  — 

"  The  custom  is  that  the  tithingman  of  Staunton  every 
yeare  upon  Hocke  Tuesday,  beinge  the  third  Tuesday  after 
Easter,  in  the  morninge  before  sunne  risinge,  doe  bringe 
into  this  mannor  [of  Minehead]  a  greene  boughe  and  set  the 
same  in  the  place  within  the  said  mannor  where  the  lord's 
courts  have  been  kept  most  usually,  and,  after  he  hath  so 
done,   he  shall  goe  to  the  next  tennant's  house  within  the 

'  D.C.M.  V.  29,  32.  15  Eliz.  and  Easter  26  Eliz. 

^  Chancery  Proceedings,    Scries  ll,  ••  Ibid.  Mich.  35  and  36  Eliz. 

bundle  67,  no.  20.  ■''  D.C.M.  v.  50. 
'  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset,  Trinity 


CH.  XIV.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         453 

saide  manner  and  call  them  and  say  *  Arise,  sleepers  of 
Mynehead  '  three  times,  *  and  beare  witness  that  the  tithing- 
man  of  Staunton  hath  done  his  duty '.  And  if  he  doe  not 
the  same,  he  shall  forfeit  3J.  4^. "  ^ 

John  Downe,  son  of  Dr.  Richard  Downe,  matri- 
culated at  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  in  1665.  In  a 
list  of  the  feodary  rents  due  to  the  Honour  of  Dunster 
Castle  in  1685,  he  is  entered  as  liable  for  is.  in 
respect  of  the  manor  of  Staunton  Fry.  From  him  it 
passed  to  his  brother  Richard,  at  whose  death  in 
1692,  it  was  divided  between  his  two  sisters,  Mary 
the  wife  of  John  Blake,  and  Anne  the  wife  of  Edward 
Carpenter.  By  a  will  dated  in  1 7 1 8,  Anne  Carpenter 
bequeathed  her  moiety  to  her  nephew  John  Blake, 
who  also  got  his  mother's  moiety.  On  his  death 
without  issue  in  1727,  three  quarters  of  the  manor 
passed  to  his  sister  Joan  the  relict  of  Lewis  Gregory, 
of  Barnstaple,  and  her  descendants  eventually  ob- 
tained the  other  quarter  which  had  passed  to  the 
children  of  her  sister  Elizabeth  Lee.  Her  son, 
George  Gregory,  clerk,  of  Combe  Martin  in  Devon- 
shire, was  succeeded  by  his  son  Lewis  Gregory  of 
Barnstaple,  who,  in  December  1760,  caused  the 
manor  of  Staunton  to  be  put  up  for  sale  by  auction 
at  Dunster.  A  purchaser  was  found  in  the  person  of 
Jonathan  Hall,  gentleman,  who,  however,  did  not 
long  survive. 

By  a  will  executed  in  1764,  this  Jonathan  Hall 
bequeathed  his  manor  of  Staunton,  otherwise  Staunton 
Fry,  to  his  great-nephew  Richard  Hall  Clarke,  subject 
to  the  life  interests  of  the  father  and  the  two  uncles 
of  the  legatee. 

The  old  feodary  rent  of  is.  was  duly  paid  in  the 
following  year.      After  clearing  off  all  encumbrances 

'  Hancock's  Minehead,  p.  21 1. 


454         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xiv. 

on  the  Staunton  estate,  Richard  Hall  Clarke  sold  it 
outright  to  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell,  in  1774,  for 
5,500/.  Thus  after  many  centuries  it  was  reunited 
to  the  Dunster  estate. 

It  has  been  seen  above  that  the  householders  in 
Staunton  were  as  such  electors  for  the  parliamentary 
borough  of  Minehead.  Although  they  were  but  few 
in  number,  the  formality  of  a  court  baron  was  main- 
tained there  down  to  the  year  1854,  and  perhaps 
even  later.  There  are  now  no  traces  of  a  manor- 
house  and  it  is  clear  that  from  a  very  early  period 
the  successive  lords  of  Staunton  were  absentees. 


FRAGMENT    OF    ANCIENT    GLASS, 
DUNSTER     CHURCH. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

The   Manor  of  Alcombe, 


The  history  of  Alcombe  is  singularly  uneventful. 
Although  a  manor  of  very  ancient  origin,  it  has  not 
had  a  resident  lord  since  the  Norman  Conquest.  In 
the  reign  of  Edw^ard  the  Confessor,  it  belonged  to  a 
certain  Algar,  w^hose  estate  there  was  assessed  at  one 
hide.  Like  many  other  places  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, it  W2LS  granted  by  William  the  Conqueror  to 
William  de  Mohun,  and  it  was  in  his  possession  at 
the  time  of  the  Domesday  Survey.  The  demesne 
then  comprised  three  virgates,  for  the  cultivation  of 
which  the  lord  had  one  plough  and  four  serfs.  The 
remaining  virgate  was  in  the  hands  of  three  villeins 
and  four  bordars,  who  had  two  ploughs.  Mention  is 
also  made  of  eight  acres  of  meadow  and  three  furlongs 
of  pasture.  The  live  stock  comprised  a  riding-horse, 
five  beasts  (animaliaj  and  two  hundred  sheep.  The 
yearly  value  of  the  estate  was  20j.,  as  in  the  previous 
reign.  ^ 

Between  the  years  1090  and  iioo,  William  de 
Mohun  gave  the  whole  of  Alcombe  unreservedly  to 
the  Benedictine  monks  of  Bath,  and  so  it  became  part 
of  the  endowment  of  their  cell  at  Dunster.  ^  A 
questionable  document  of  later  date  sets  out  minutely 
the  boundaries  of  the  hide  of  land  there   belonging 

'  Domesday  Book.  *  See  page  383  above. 


456  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xv. 

to  them.  ^  From  the  end  of  the  eleventh  century  to 
the  middle  of  the  sixteenth,  the  history  of  Alcombe 
is  almost  blank,  the  manorial  court-rolls  and  accounts 
having  ahke  disappeared.  Two  incidental  notices  show- 
that  there  was  a  chapel  there  near  '  le  Lynch  '  dedicated 
to  St.  Michael.  ^  As  part  of  the  pre-Norman  Hun- 
dred of  Minehead  and  Cutcombe,  Alcombe  was 
exempt  from  suit  to  the  hundred  court  of  Carhamp- 
ton,  but  its  tithing-man  was  required  to  appear  at  the 
half-yearly  '  law  days '  at  Minehead.  ^ 

After  the  suppression  of  the  monasteries  by  Henry 
the  Eighth,  John  Luttrell,  his  agent,  rendered  a  series 
of  yearly  accounts  of  the  profits  of  the  manor  of 
Alcombe,  divided  under  seven  sub-heads.  First  came 
the  rents  of  three  freeholders,  John  Sydenham  of 
Brympton  being  liable  for  ioj  in  respect  of  land  called 
Wyneard  and  Pytte,  Nicholas  Bratton  of  Bratton  for 
8j.  in  respect  of  land  at  Sparkhayes  in  Porlock,  and 
the  heirs  of  Bythemore  for  4^.  in  respect  of  land 
called  Wilaller  in  Wythycombe  ;  there  was,  however, 
considerable  difficulty  in  collecting  these  amounts. 
Secondly,  there  were  the  rents  of  '  customary  tenants, ' 
or  copyholders,  of  houses  and  cottages  in  Alcombe. 
Thirdly,  there  were  rents  from  Budcombe  (sic), 
Keynsham  (sic),  Cowbridge,  Frackford  and  Marsh. 
Fourthly  there  were  rents  of  '  conventionary  tenants, ' 
or  leaseholders,  in  Alcombe.  Fifthly,  there  were 
rents  from  lands  and  tenements  in  Dunster.  Sixthly, 
there  were  rents  from  land  in  Carhampton.  Lastly, 
there  were  the  proceeds  of  the  manorial  courts.  * 

After  remaining  for  some  time  in  the  possession  of 
the  Crown,  the  manor  of  Alcombe  was,   in    1561, 

'  Two  Chartularies  of  Bath,  L.  845  ;  »  D.  C.  M.  xxvi.  4, 6,  8  ;  xxvii.  10, 11  ; 

Dugdale's  Monasticonvol.  iv.  p.  202.  xxviii.  13,  15. 

2  Two  Chartularies  of  Bath,  L.  940  ;  *  Ministers'  Accounts,  Hen.  VHI. 
Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls  1^6^-1 47  7, p. 65. 


CH.  XV.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  457 

sold  to  Sir  George  Speke  of  Whitelackington,  whose 
first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  of 
Dunster.  '  He  died  in  March  1584,  seised  of  it  and 
of  lands  in  and  near  Alcombe,  which  had  formerly 
belonged  to  the  Benedictine  monks.  ^  The  same 
estate  is  mentioned  in  the  inquisition  taken  after  the 
death  of  his  grandson,  George  Speke,  fifty-six  years 
later.  ^  John  Speke  of  Whitelackington  is  mentioned 
as  one  of  the  principal  owners  of  land  in  Dunster  in 
1 7 1 6.  *  Courts  are  stated  to  have  been  held  at  Alcombe 
in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  about  once 
in  three  years,  but  without  any  sworn  jury  or  homage. 

In  or  about  1722,  Colonel  Speke  sold  the  whole  of 
his  estate  at  or  near  Alcombe  in  small  sections.  The 
'  royalty  '  of  the  manor,  with  various  small  '  chief 
rents  '  from  freeholders,  was  then  bought  for  about 
20/.  by  Aldred  Escott,  whose  family  already  owned 
property  there.  °  In  1830,  the  manor  belonged  to 
the  Rev.  T.  Sweet  Escott  of  Hartrow,  and  it  now 
belongs  to  his  grandson,  the  Rev.  W.  Sweet  Escott.  ^ 
On  the  sale  of  the  Speke  estate,  most  of  the  tenants 
purchased  their  respective  holdings,  but  in  course  of 
time  many  of  these  have  been  acquired  by  the  Lutt- 
rells  of  Dunster  Castle.  Until  the  disfranchisement 
of  Minehead,  the  votes  of  the  householders  of 
Alcombe,  which  was  within  that  parliamentary 
borough,  were  of  some  importance. 

In  recent  years,  many  new  houses  have  been  built 
at  Alcombe,  and  there  is  now  a  chapel  there  served 
by  the  Vicar  of  Dunster  and  his  curate.  Several 
picturesque  buildings  of  the  sixteenth  or  seventeenth 
century  remain. 

>OriginaliaRoll,4Eliz.  part5,m.  105.  *  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

^  Inq.  post  mortem,   C.  U.  205  (198).  iv.  p.  102. 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  H,  552  (126).  *  Savage's  History  of  the  Hundred  oj 

*  D.  C.  B.  Carhampton,  pp.  449,  354. 

g 


CHAPTER    XVI. 

Lower  Marsh. 


The  interesting  old  house  now  known  as  Lower 
Marsh  stands  near  to  the  disused  sea-port  of  Dunster 
and  near  to  the  modern  railway-station.  Although 
it  is  actually  in  the  parish  of  Carhampton,  its  success- 
ive owners  have  always  been  so  closely  connected 
with  Dunster  that  a  brief  account  of  them  will  not 
be  out  of  place  here. 

Going  back  two  full  centuries  before  the  erection 
of  the  existing  house,  we  find  in  an  '  extent '  of  the 
year  1266  of  the  manor  of  Dunster,  including  that 
of  Carhampton  : — 

"  Agnes  of  Marsh  holds  a  ferling  of  land  for  sixteen 
capons  to  be  rendered  at  Christmas  and  Easter,  and  she 
does  suit  like  the  said  Gilbert  (atte  Cross),  and  she  shall 
have  in  every  year  six  cows  and  six  calves  in  La  Waterlete 
quit  of  herbage.  "  ^ 

In  an  undated  rental  which  may  be  ascribed  to 
the  reign  of  Richard  the  Second,  a  certain  John 
Ryvers  is  entered  as  rendering  sixteen  capons  to  the 
lady  of  the  manor  for  his  tenement  at  Marsh.  ^  In 
141 1,  John  Ryvers  and  Robert  Ryvers  were  amerced 
6d.  apiece  in  the  court  of  the  borough  of  Dunster 
for  a  breach  of  the  peace  against  Thomas  Yartc. 
The  stick  of  the  former  was  found  to  be  of  no  value 

'  D.C.M.  VIII,  4.  *  D.C.M.  xviii.  4. 


CH.  XVI.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         459 

and  the  dagger  of  the  latter  fetched  4^.  when  sold 
by  the  constables,  probably  to  the  owner  himself.  ^ 
John  Ryvers  was  still  living  in  1421,  when  he  was 
entered  as  paying  y.  4^.  a  year  for  pasture  in  the 
East  Marsh,  in  addition  to  the  sixteen  capons  for  his 
freehold  at  Marsh.  Being  then  woodward  to  Sir  Hugh 
Luttrell,  he  had  a  house  and  twenty  acres  of  land  free 
from  rent.  ^ 

Robert  Ryvers  of  Marsh  mentioned  above  may 
confidently  be  identified  with  the  person  of  that  name 
who  was  successively  bailiff  of  Dunster  and  steward 
of  the  household  and  receiver-general  to  Sir  John 
Luttrell,  and  afterwards  to  Dame  Margaret  his  relict. 
That  he  was  a  man  of  considerable  means  is  clear 
from  the  fact  that  he  could  advance  large  sums  of 
money  to  her,  taking  silver  vases  and  cups  in  part 
payment.'  He  died  in  April  1441,  leaving  as  his 
co-heirs  four  young  daughters.  All  his  property, 
scattered  in  different  parts  of  Dunster  and  Carhamp- 
ton,  had  been  conveyed  to  feoffees  in  the  previous 
year,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that  most  of  it  had  been 
already  sold.  * 

John  Loty  '  the  younger '  became  a  burgess  of 
Dunster  in  1440,  and  the  former  Ryvers  estate  was 
vested  in  him  and  his  descendants  for  more  than 
three  centuries.*  He  was  constable  of  Dunster  Castle 
in  the  later  years  of  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Sixth, 
and  the  trusted  feoffee  of  Sir  James  Luttell  in  various 
legal  transactions.  ^  Dying  in  September  1462,  he 
was  succeeded  by  a  son  of  the  same  name.  ^ 

By  the  year  148 1  at  latest,  the  ancient  rent  of  sixteen 

>  D.C.M.  X.  3.  *  D.C.M.  XII.  2. 

»  D.C.M.  XVIII.  7.  «  D.C.M.  xviii.  14  ;  Inq.  post  mortem, 

»  D.C.M.  I.  17  ;  XI.  3  ;  xxxvii,  il,  12.  i  Edw.  IV.  no.  43. 
Seepage  117  above.  ^  D.C.M.  xii.  4;  Inq.  post  mortem 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  19  Henry  VI.  2  Edw.  IV.  no.  23. 
no.  31. 


460         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xvi. 

capons  had  been  commuted  into  a  monetary  payment 
of  8j.  ^  John  Loty  the  third  seems,  like  his  father, 
to  have  had  some  connexion  with  Dunster  Castle. 
In  1487,  Nicholas  Bratton  of  Bratton,  esquire,  and 
others  were  charged  with  having  broken  the  pound- 
fold  of  Hugh  Luttrell,  esquire,  at  Nether  Marsh,  and 
taken  away  twenty  ewes,  while  certain  other  persons 
were  charged  with  having,  on  the  same  day,  lain  in 
wait  for  John  Loty  at  Nether  Marsh  with  intent  to 
murder  him.  ^  An  undated  rental  of  the  later  part 
of  the  fifteenth  century  shows  John  Loty  to  have 
been  by  far  the  largest  proprietor  of  burgages  at 
Marsh  and  in  the  main  streets  of  Dunster,  paying 
upwards  of  14^.  a  year  at  Martinmas  to  the  lord  of 
the  borough.  ^  Another  rental  of  the  year  1496 
shows  him  to  have  also  owned  various  pieces  of  land 
at  Carhampton.  *  We  may  fairly  suppose  that  the 
Lotys,  like  the  Ryvers  before  them,  as  agents  of 
successive  Luttrells,  had  opportunities  of  acquiring 
little  pieces  of  land  on  their  own  account  by  purchase 
or  by  foreclosure  of  mortgages. 

The  earlier  portion  of  the  house  at  Lower  Marsh, 
including  a  little  chapel  over  the  porch,  with  three 
mullioned  windows,  two  niches  for  statues  and  a  carved 
wooden  roof,  may  perhaps  be  ascribed  to  John  Loty 
the  third.  He  died  in  June  1499,  leaving  a  widow 
Joan,  who  continued  to  occupy  his  free  tenement  then 
called  '  Mershe  Place.  '  She  is  known  to  have  been 
the  rehct  of  John  Bratton  of  Bratton  in  the  parish  of 
Minehead,  and  a  statement  that  she  was  a  daughter 
of  Richard  Chichester  of  Arlington  in  Devonshire  is 
confirmed  by  the  fact  that  Richard  Chichester  was  a 
party  to  the  settlement  made  upon  her  by  her  second 

•  D.C.M.  XIX.  4 ;  XX.  38.  ^  D.C.M.  xv.  5. 

»  D.C.M.  XXXI.  10.  *  D.C.M.  XIX.  4 ;  xx.  38. 


LOWER   MARSH. 

THE  KNTRANCE. 


CH.  XVI.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         461 

husband.  A  bill  which  she  filed  in  Chancery  against 
her  "unnatural"  son,  Robert  Loty,  shows  that  she  had 
three  daughters,  Margaret,  Elizabeth  and  Jane,  whose 
interests  she  was  anxious  to  protect.  She  lived  to  a 
considerable  age  and  died  in  1518.  ^ 

Robert  Loty,  son  and  heir  of  John,  predeceased  his 
mother.  By  a  will  dated  and  proved  in  1 510,  he 
gave  directions  that  he  should  be  buried  in  the  church 
of  Carhampton,  but  he  also  left  money  to  the  light 
of  St.  Leonard  in  the  Priory  Church  of  Dunster  and 
to  the  lights  of  Our  Lady  and  St.  George  in  the 
parochial  part  of  that  building.  ^  Joan  his  relict  had 
a  large  and  varied  experience  of  matrimony.  Soon 
after  his  death,  she  became  the  wife  of  Silvester  Syden- 
ham of  North  Petherton,  who  died  in  June  1525.  ^ 
Thirdly,  she  was  "  mareyed  and  espousyd  "  to  John 
Luttrell,  brother  of  Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  of  Dunster 
Castle.  This  union  was,  however,  dissolved  by  a 
sentence  in  the  legatine  court  of  Cardinal  Wolsey. 
The  grounds  of  the  divorce  are  not  known,  though  it 
is  stated  to  have  been  granted  "  according  to  the  lawys 
of  the  church.  "  The  lady  was  a  daughter  of  Thomas 
Flamank,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Cornish  rebellion 
of  1497,  ^^^  ^°^  of  kindred  or  affinity  to  the  Luttrells. 
Perhaps  there  was  some  question  of  a  precontract. 
At  any  rate  she  proceeded  to  marry  a  fourth  husband, 
Peter  Fauntleroy  of  Fauntleroy's  Marsh  in  Dorset. 

According  to  bills  filed  in  the  Court  of  Star 
Chamber,  John  Luttrell  subjected  his  former  wife  and 
her  new  husband  to  systematic  persecution  during  a 
great  part  of  the  year  1528.      He  and  his  men  drove 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  II.  14  (139);  '  Somerset  Medieval  Wills,  (ed.  Wea- 

E.  II,  158  (12);  Early  Chancery  Proceed-  ver)  vol.  ii,  p.  142. 

ings,  bundle  332,  nos.  97,  98  ;  Chadwick  ^  Inq.  post  mortem,  E.  11.  913  (9). 

Heaiey's  History  of  part  of  West  Somei-  ''Star   Chamber  Proceedings,   Hen. 

set,  pp.  329,  331 ;  b. CM.  XXVIII.  19.  VIII.  15,  nos.  32-34;  24,  no.  188. 


462         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xvi. 

away  three  hundred  of  her  sheep  on  one  occasion  and 
sixty  on  another.  They  killed  her  doves  and  pigeons. 
Entering  the  house  called  '  Foremarsh  '  at  different 
times,  they  carried  off  deeds,  household  goods  and  even 
w^earing  apparel.  They  also  flooded  the  lov^er  chambers 
by  cutting  the  dykes  in  the  neighbourhood.  The 
tenants  on  the  estate  were  incited  to  disregard  the 
Fauntleroys,  and  people  in  general  were  requested  to 
withhold  the  necessary  supplies  of  meat  and  drink. 
In  modern  parlance,  a  '  boycott '  was  proclaimed 
against  them.  Steps  were  also  taken  to  deprive  them 
of  the  consolations  of  religion.  A  certain  William 
Horsman  was  sent  to  Dunster  Church  to  break  up  the 
pew  which  Silvester  Sydenham  had  made  there  by 
consent  of  the  parishioners,  and  although  the  lady 
still  had  a  domestic  chaplain,  John  Luttrell  prevented 
him  from  celebrating  mass  by  carrying  off  the  chalice. 

To  these  and  other  charges,  partly  fictitious,  John 
Luttrell  would  not  make  any  detailed  reply.  He 
took  his  stand  on  the  common  law  of  the  realm  as 
administered  by  the  regular  judges.  It  is,  however, 
worthy  of  remark  that  he  describes  the  complainants 
as  "  Peter  Fauntleroy  and  Jane  supposed  to  be  wyeff 
onto  the  said  Peter.  "  We  may  reasonably  suppose 
that,  in  virtue  of  his  marriage  to  the  widow,  he  claimed 
the  enjoyment  of  all  the  lands  and  rents  that  had 
been  settled  on  Robert  Loty  and  Joan  his  wife  in 
April  1 5  I  o. 

Although  the  judgments  of  the  court  of  Star 
Chamber  are  no  longer  extant,  it  seems  clear  that 
Joan  Fauntleroy  got  the  best  of  the  controversy.  She 
was  entered  as  owing  suit  to  the  court  of  the  Hundred 
of  Carhampton  in  1534,  and  to  that  of  the  borough 
of  Dunster   two    years    later. '      At   her   death,   the 

'  D.C.M.  XIX.  6;  XIII.  3. 


CH.  XVI.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         463 

whole  of  the  property  covered  by  the  entail  of  i  5 1  o 
passed  to  her  sister-in-law,  Elizabeth  Poynes,  or 
Poyntz,  of  Mettcombe  in  Devon,  relict  of  Richard 
Poyntz,  whose  eldest  son,  Edward,  married  Margaret 
daughter  of  Amias  Chichester  of  Arlington,  a  member 
of  a  well-known  Roman  Catholic  family.  ^  At  the 
inquisition  taken  after  the  death  of  this  Edward 
Poyntz  in  1583,  it  was  found  that  he  held  twenty- 
two  burgages  and  two  messuages  in  Dunster  in  free 
socage  at  a  yearly  rent  of  i/.  2s.  2d.  to  George 
Luttrell,  their  actual  value  being  twenty  times  as 
much.  His  messuage  called  'Foremarsh,'  with  fifty 
acres  adjoining,  was  found  to  be  held  of  the  manor 
of  Carhampton  at  a  fixed  yearly  rent  of  15J.  4^. 
also  far  below  the  value.  ^ 

In  accordance  with  directions  contained  in  his  will, 
Edward  Poyntz  was  buried  in  the  parish  church  of 
Dunster,  apparently  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  northern 
aisle  of  the  nave.  His  epitaph  was  carved  on  a  stone 
that  had  formerly  been  the  slab  of  an  altar.  ^ 

Robert  Poyntz,  the  eldest  surviving  son  of  Edward 
and  Margaret,  obtained  from  his  cousin  Ursula  Syden- 
ham a  grange  and  land  at  Leigh  in  the  parish  of  Old 
Cleeve  and  went  to  live  there.  By  a  will  dated  and 
proved  in  161 1,  he  directed  that  his  body  should  be 
buried  in  the  church  of  Old  Cleeve,  though  he  also 
left  money  for  the  maintenance  of  the  chapel  at 
Leigh.  He  bequeathed  his  '  manor '  of  Foremarsh 
and  other  lands  in  Dunster  and  Carhampton  to  his 
eldest  son  Giles.  ^ 


*  Chancery  Proceedings,  Series  ii,  '  Savage's  History  of  the  Hundred  oj 
bundle  89,  no.  43 ;  Brown's  Somersetshire  Carhampton,  p.  41 1 ;  Hancock's  Dunster 
Wills,  vol.  vi,  p.  32.  Church   and  Priory,   p.   82 ;   Brown's 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,    C.  II.  203   (5).  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  vi,  p.  32. 
The  rent  of  15s.  4^.  was  composed  of  a  *  Ibid.  p.  34;  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  11. 
'high   rent'   of   12s    and    3s.  4^.   for  324(144). 

common  at  the  Marsh.  D.C.M.  iii.  12. 


464         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xvi. 

This  Giles  Poyntz  was  admitted  a  student  of  the 
Inner  Temple  in  1619.  Some  twelve  years  later,  he 
paid  30/.  to  the  Crown  for  relief  from  the  burden  of 
knighthood.  ^  He  was  afterwards  proscribed  by  the 
authorities  of  the  Commonwealth  as  a  Papist  and  a 
Delinquent,  and  his  estates  were  "  forfeited  for  trea- 
son. "  Although  his  then  wife  Agnes  was  allowed 
to  retain  a  fifth  part  of  them,  his  own  petition  for 
leave  to  compound  was  rejected,  and  his  lands  at 
Leigh,  Dunster  and  Carhampton  were,  in  1653,  sold 
to  Thomas  Wharton  of  Gray's  Inn.  The  farm  called 
Lower  Marsh  was  at  that  time  rented  by  Nicholas  Blake 
of  Dunster.^  In  the  same  year  Giles  Poyntz  married 
a  second  wife.  Prudence,  daughter  of  George  Rowe 
of  Staverton.  ^  By  a  will  made  after  the  Restoration, 
he  bequeathed  20s.  apiece  to  his  Catholic  servants, 
and  200/.  to  be  paid  in  a  manner  known  by  his  wife, 
meaning  presumably  for  the  maintenance  of  a  priest 
at  Leigh.  * 

Clement  Poyntz,  who  succeeded  on  the  death  of 
his  father  Giles  in  1660,  died  without  issue  in  1685, 
having  bequeathed  all  his  lands  to  his  mother  Pru- 
dence. The  heir-at-law,  however,  Giles  Poyntz  of 
Arlington,  son  of  Edward,  son  of  John,  a  younger  son 
of  Edward  Poyntz  of  Dunster  mentioned  above,  seems 
to  have  questioned  the  validity  of  the  will.  The 
widow  therefore  took  it  up  to  London.  When  she 
arrived,  the  town  was  in  a  turmoil  on  account  of  the 
flight  of  James  the  Second.  Fearing  therefore  that 
her  precious  documents  would  not  be  safe  at  her 
lodgings  in  Drury  Lane,  she  deposited  them  in  the 

'  Somerset  &  Dorset  Notes  &  Queries,  '  Vivian's     Visitations     of    Devon, 

vol.  iv,  p.  118.  p.  660. 

*  Calendar    of  Committee  for  Com-  *  Brown's   Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

pounding,  p.   3010;  S.  P.  Doin.   Inter-  vi,  p.  36. 
regnum,  G.  167.  f.  i. 


CH.  XVI.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         465 

house   of  the   Spanish   Ambassador  in  Wild   Street, 
close  by.      She  could  hardly  have  chosen  a  worse  place. 
"  The  wrabble,  being  very  tumultuous,  "  broke  into 
the  Embassy  and  "  ryffled  it,  "  scattering  the  contents 
of  her  trunk  "  up  and  dov^n  the  streets.  "      Some  she 
managed  to  recover,  and  the  will  was  eventually   up- 
held.'   By  her  own  will  made  in  1 69 1 ,  she  bequeathed 
her   property   at   Leigh,    her  manor  and  lordship   of 
Dunster  and  Carhampton,  and  her  burgage  tenements 
at  Dunster  to  Robert  Rowe  of  Kingston  in  the  parish 
of  Staverton  in  Devonshire,  who  seems  to  have  been 
her  nephew.      According    to   one   account,  she   had 
made  arrangements  for  the  maintenance  of  a  Bene- 
dictine chaplain  at  Leighland  who  was  to  have  his 
diet  free,  a  horse,  and  a  salary  of  7/.      However  this 
may  be,  her  will  contained  a  provision  that,  notwith- 
standing the  unkindness  shown  to  her  by  Giles  Poyntz 
of  Bachet  in  ArHngton,  and  in  consideration  of  his 
relationship  to  her  late  husband,  he  should  be  allowed 
to  have  her  lands  on   payment  of  600/.   to  Robert 
Rowe,  her  principal  legatee.^ 

Giles  Poyntz  did  not  take  full  advantage  of  the 
option  thus  given  to  him,  but,  by  some  amicable 
agreement  with  Rowe,  he  obtained  the  property  at 
Dunster  and  Carhampton,  thenceforward  quite  sepa- 
rate from  the  property  at  Leighland  and  Leigh 
Barton.  In  a  will  executed  in  1714,  he  describes 
himself  as  "  of  Yarnscombe  "  in  the  county  of  Devon, 
and  he  was  buried  there  in  the  following  year.  His 
manor,  "  or  reputed  manor,  "  of  Foremarsh  was  by 
this  will  put  into  the  hands  of  trustees,  but  his  relict, 
Anne,  got  the  barton  of  Marsh,  that  is  to  say  Lower 
Marsh,  and  some  land  around  it,  for  her  life,  in  lieu 

'  Chancery  Proceedings,  Reynardson  »  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

421,  no.  120;  425,  no.  i6i.  vi,  p.  38. 


466         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.     ch.  xvi. 

of  dower,  with  5/.  a  year  out  of  "  conventionary  and 
other  rents  of  the  said  manor. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  George  the  First, 
this  Anne  Poyntz  was  registered  as  one  of  the  Roman 
CathoHc  landowners  in  Somerset.  ^  There  is  nothing 
to  show  whether  she  ever  kept  a  priest  at  Lower 
Marsh,  to  minister  in  the  little  chapel  over  the  porch. 
It  is  more  likely  that  a  priest  came  over  occasionally 
from  Leighland,  where  there  was  usually  a  Benedictine 
or  a  Jesuit  in  residence  until  the  early  part  of  the 
nineteenth  century.  ^  A  cursory  glance  at  a  Poyntz 
pedigree,  showing  three  Prudences,  three  Temperan- 
ces, and  a  Christian,  might  suggest  that  the  family 
had  a  leaning  towards  Puritanism,  if  intermarriages 
with  Chichester  and  Rowe  did  not  show  it  to  have 
been  Catholic.  Several  members  of  it  are  recorded 
to  have  been  buried  at  Arlington  "  without  a  priest," 
that  is  to  say  "  unattended  by  a  lawful  presbyter  of 
the  Church  of  England.  "  ' 

Giles  Poyntz,  the  eldest  son  of  Giles  and  Anne 
mentioned  above,  was  buried  at  Dunster  in  May 
173 1,  when  most  of  the  property  passed  under  an 
entail  to  his  brother  John.  Anne,  their  mother  died 
three  years  later.  When  Henry  Fownes  Luttrell 
was  making  the  Park  at  Dunster,  he  might  have 
been  put  to  some  inconvenience  if  John  Poyntz  had 
refused  to  part  with  a  little  piece  of  land  near  Hensty. 
By  this  time  the  family  had  apparently  ceased  to 
reside  in  West  Somerset.  John  Poyntz  was  a  member 
of  Gray's  Inn  ;  one  of  his  unmarried  sisters  lived  at 
Weston  in  Buckinghamshire,  and  another  at  Arling- 

'  P.C.C.  Fagg.  f.  163.  »  Oliver's  Collections,  pp.  62, 181,  182, 

'  Oliver's  Collections  illustrating  the  229,  239,  242,  263,  312,  334,  341,  356, 

history  of  the  Catholic  Religion,  p.  172.  401,415,432. 

Cosins    Names  of  Roman    Catholics,  *  Ibid.  p.  387. 

Nonjurors,  &c.  (1862)  p.  100. 


CH.  XVI.     A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         467 

ton.  ^     All  their  houses   and   lands   in   Dunster  and 
Carhampton   were   let,  mostly  for  lives.      Some  five 
years  later,  in  1760,  they  agreed  to  sell  them  outright 
to  Henry  Fow^nes  Luttrell  for  the  very  lov^  sum  of 
2400/.''     The  fine  levied  for  this  purpose  enumerates 
18  messuages,  25  cottages,  40  gardens,   20  orchards, 
150  acres  of  arable  land,  30  of  meadow,  80  of  pasture, 
10  of  wood,  100  of  furze  and  heath,  20  of  moor,  and 
common  of  pasture  for  all  manner  of  cattle  in  Dunster 
Marsh,  East  Marsh,  Lutts  (Loty's)  Marsh,  Colebor- 
row,  Croydon,  Townswood,  Holly  Hill,  etc.  together 
with   the    *  manor  '    of   Foremarsh.      More   precise 
particulars  are  given  in  the  '  recovery.'     The  farm  at 
Lower   Marsh   alone    yielded   49/.   a  year   and,   the 
property   comprised    houses   in    High    Street,    New 
Street,  St.  George's  Street,  West  Street  and  Gallock- 
street,   and   many   isolated  pieces  of  land  adjacent  to 
others  belonging  to  the  Luttrell  estate.^    From  every 
point  of  view  the  transaction  was  very  advantageous 
to  the  purchaser  and  his  successors.      Of  course  they 
lost  the  ancient  '  chief  rent '  of  1 2s.  and  the  burgage 
rents  of  i/.  zs.  zd,  due  from  Poyntz  and  his  prede- 
cessors. 

'  In  an  elaborate  but  not  too  accurate  1732  under  the  name  of  Beaumont. 

Memoir  of  the  Family  of  Poyntz  (p.  278),  ^  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset,  Easter  33 

Sir  John  Maclean  has  confounded  John  Geo.  II. 

Poyntz  of  Gray's  Inn,  the  vendor  of  *  Recovery  Rolls,  Hilary  33  Geo.  II. 

Foremarsh,   with   his   namesake   and  m.  95;  Trinity  33-34  Geo.  II.  m.  50. 
contemporary,  who  became  a  Jesuit  in 


ELIZABETHAN      CHALICE      AND      PATEN, 
DUNSTER      CHURCH. 


APPENDIX    A. 

The  Mohuns  of  Ham  Mohun  in  Dorset. 


Among  the  estates  granted  by  the  Conqueror  to  William 
de  Mohun  was  one  at  Ham  in  Dorset,  which  in  course  of 
time  came  to  be  known  as  Ham  Mohun,  since  corrupted 
into  Hammoon.  ^  William  de  Mohun  the  Fourth  of  Dunster 
appears  to  have  granted  it  to  his  brother  Geoffrey,  to  be  held 
of  the  Honour  of  Dunster  on  the  usual  conditions  of  mili- 
tary service.  Geoffrey,  however,  got  into  trouble  in  the 
reign  of  Richard  the  First  through  adhering  to  the  King's 
brother,  John,  Count  of  Mortain,  and  his  lands  were  for- 
feited. For  more  than  four  years  from  1 193,  the  King's 
ministers  gathered  the  profits  of  the  manor  of  Ham,  usually 
reckoned  at  7/.  ^ 

In  the  summer  of  1198,  John  de  Mohun,  a  brother  of 
Geoffrey,  succeeded  in  obtaining  possession  of  Ham,  on 
promising  to  pay  30/.  to  the  Crown,  a  sum  six  times  as  large 
as  that  which  was  ordinarily  exacted  by  way  of  relief  on 
succession  to  one  knight's  fee.  ^  Furthermore,  in  1 201,  he 
undertook  to  pay  20  marks  for  seisin  of  land  at  Brinkley,  in 
Cambridgeshire,  which  had  been  given  to  him  by  his  brother 
William,  but  afterwards  taken  into  the  King's  hand.*  The 
accounts  for  scutage  in  that  year  show  that  he  held  two  fees, 
one  doubtless  at  Brinkley  and  the  other  at  Ham.  **  Some 
seven  years  later,  his  rights  at  both  these  places  were  chal- 
lenged by  his  nephew,  Reynold  de  Mohun,  who  had  suc- 
ceeded to  the  Dunster  estate  after  a  long  minority.     There 

»  The  pedigree  of  this  family  given  *  Rohili  de  Oblatis,  p.  136  ;  Rotulus 

inHutchins's//is/or>'o/Dorsc^isa  tissue  Canccllarii,  p.  142. 

of  errors.  »  Rotuli  de  Oblatis,  p.   170  ;   Rotulus 

'  Pipe  Rolls.  Cancellarii,  p.  143. 

'  Ibid, ;  Rotulus  Cancellarii,  p.  204. 


470         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

were  two  separate  suits  between  them.  In  one,  Reynold 
claimed  that  Ham  ought  to  belong  to  him  in  demesne, 
possibly  on  the  ground  that  the  King's  grant  of  it  to  John 
had  ceased  to  be  valid  when  he  came  of  age,  while  John 
maintained  that  Reynold  was  merely  the  overlord,  as  owner 
of  the  Honour  of  Dunster.  ^  The  other  suit  seems  to  have 
turned  upon  a  question  whether  John  had  ever  received 
actual  seisin  of  the  land  at  Brinkley.  In  this  case  the  court 
decided  that  Godeheut  de  Mohun,  John's  mother,  had  died 
seised  of  it  in  fee  and  that  Reynold  was  her  heir.  ^  Event- 
ually, an  arrangement  seems  to  have  been  made  that  John 
de  Mohun  should  hold  Ham  and  Brinkley  alike  under  the 
lord  of  Dunster. 

This  Sir  John  de  Mohun  was  deprived  of  his  lands  in 
Dorset  for  siding  with  the  barons  against  King  John,  but 
they  were  restored  to  him  in  12 17,  when  he  made  his  peace 
with  the  government  of  Henry  the  Third.  ^  He  died  in 
1 22 1.  *  On  his  death-bed  he  had  given  instructions  that 
he  should  be  buried  at  Salisbury,  in  the  cathedral  church  of 
the  diocese  in  which  he  usually  lived,  but  as  the  corpse 
rested  for  a  night  in  the  church  of  Bruton,  the  Prior  and 
Convent  of  that  place  took  upon  themselves  to  inter  it  there 
among  the  bodies  of  his  ancestors  and  cousins.  They 
thereby  incurred  the  wrath  of  the  Bishop  and  the  Chapter  of 
Salisbury,  and  they  eventually  had  to  make  public  apology, 
undertaking  to  hand  over  the  corpse  or  such  part  of  it  as 
might  be  claimed.  ^ 

William  de  Mohun,  son  and  heir  of  John,  arranged, 
in  1222,  to  pay  12  marks  to  the  Crown  by  way  of  relief  on 
succession  to  lands  which  are  described  as  held  in  chief,  but 
which  were  more  probably  in  the  hands  of  the  King  as 
guardian  of  the  heir  of  the  overlord,  Reynold  de  Mohun 
of  Dunster.  ®  Under  the  name  of  *  WilUam  de  Moun  of 
Hamme',  he,  in  1252,  obtained  licence  to  hunt  the  hare,  the 

*  Curia  Regis  Roll,  no.  48,  mm,  6, 11;  (R.  S.),  pp.  225,  226.  If  the  transcript  is 
no.  50,  mm.  6,  8,  II.  correct,  the  date    of    the  apology  is 

*  Ibid.  no.  47,  m.  3  ;  no.  48,  m.jd.  between  1228  and  1235.   The  editor  has 

*  Rotuli  Litterarunt  Clausarum,  vol.  erroneously  identified  "  J.  de  Mayna  " 
i.  pp.  300,  303.  with  Reynold  de  Mohun's  son  John, 

*  Excerpta  e  Rotulis  Finium,   vol.  i.  who  was  living  in  1254. 

p.  77-  *  Excerpta  e  Rotulis  Finium,  vol,  i. 

*  Sarum  Charters    and    Documents      p.  79. 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         471 

fox,  and  the  cat  in  the  forests  of  Dorset,  and  exemption 
from  service  on  juries  and  the  like.  ^  He  occurs  in  connex- 
ion with  Brinkley  in  1234,  and,  in  1253,  he  received  a  royal 
charter  for  a  market  and  fair  at  that  place.  ^  He  is  describ- 
ed as  a  knight  in  1255.^  He  was  still  living  in  1261,  when 
the  day  of  the  market  was  altered  from  Wednesday  to 
Tuesday,  at  the  instance  of  the  King's  daughter  Beatrice.  * 
Sir  William  de  Mohun  was  the  last  of  the  family  to  hold 
the  estate  in  Cambridgeshire  together  with  that  in  Dorset. 
In  1285,  it  was  found  that  Andrew  de  Mohun  held  a 
knight's  fee  at  Brinkley,  and  John  de  Mohun  a  knight's 
fee  at  Ham,  under  John  de  Mohun  of  Dunster,  recently 
deceased.  ^  Andrew  de  Mohun  of  Brinkley  made  a  settle- 
ment on  his  wife  Maud  in  1301.  ^  A  later  Andrew  occurs 
in  connexion  with  Cambridgeshire  in  1353.  ^  Brinkley  had 
long  ere  this  ceased  to  be  reckoned  as  one  of  the  fees  held 
of  the  Honour  of  Dunster.  Nicholas  Mohun  occurs  as 
parson  of  the  church  of  Ham  Mohun  in  1297.  ^ 

After  the  time  of  William  de  Mohun,  the  manor  of  Ham 
Mohun  was  held  of  the  Honour  of  Dunster,  by  service  of 
one  knight's  fee,  by  a  series  of  Mohuns  named  John.  The 
second  of  these  Johns  de  Mohun  died  early  in  133 1,  leaving 
a  son  and  heir  of  the  same  name  aged  twenty-three.  ^  This 
John  de  Mohun,  the  third,  did  homage  to  the  King  for  the 
manor  of  Ham  Mohun,  the  lord  of  Dunster  being  a  minor 
and  a  ward  of  the  Crown.  ^°  He  married  firstly  Matthia 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Stokes,  but  had  no  issue  by  her. 
They  were  both  living  in  1344.  His  second  wife  Hawis 
survived  him  and  afterwards  married  Walter  Perle.  " 
John  de  Mohun  the  fourth,  son  of  John  and  Hawis,  left  a 
son  of  the  same  name,  who  died  in  1407.  His  relict, 
Sibyl,  soon  took  another  husband,  John  Harryes.  ^^     As  the 

1  Patent  Roll,  36  Hen.  Ill,  m.  4.  '  Close  Roll,  27  Edw.  III.  m.  igd. 

»  Close  Roll,  18  Hen.  III.  m.  17^.,  «  Patent  Roll,  25  Edw.  I.  m.  13^. 

Patent  Roll,  37-38  Hen.  Ill,  m.  11.  '  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  Edw.  III.  file 

^  Patent  Roll,  39  Hen.  III.  part  2.  29,  no.  6. 

m.  13d.  '**  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1 330-1 333, 

*  Charter  Roll,  45  Hen.  III.  m.  i.  p.  448. 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  Edw.  I.  file  "  OriginaliaRoll,  27  Edw.  Ill ;  Feet 
43  (6).  of  Fines,  Dorset,  Easter  42  Edw.  III. 

«  Feet    ot    Fines,     Cambridge,    29  "Assize  Roll,  no.  1519,  mm.  26, 27,31. 

Edw.  I. 


472         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

heir,  John  de  Mohun  the  sixth,  was  only  three  years  of  age, 
he  became  a  ward  of  his  overlord.  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  of 
Dunster.  The  nett  income  of  the  manor  of  Ham  Mohun 
was  at  this  time  valued  at  8/,  and,  in  February  1409,  Sir 
Hugh  Luttrell  granted  two  thirds  of  the  manor  to  Thomas 
Hody,  to  be  held  during  the  nonage  of  the  heir  at  a  yearly 
rent  of  8  marks.  ^ 

John  Mohun  the  sixth  and  last  was  for  some  years  High 
Steward  of  the  borough  of  Dorchester.  ^  He  died  in  May 
1479,  seised  of  the  manor  of  Whitchurch  in  Hampshire,  and 
the  manors  of  Holcombe,  Godmanston,  Ham  Mohun, 
Fifehead  Quyntyn,  Child  Okeford,  Wolveton,  Upwey  (Wey 
Bayhous),  and  Combe  Deverell  and  various  lands  in  Dorset. 
He  was  succeeded  by  his  grandson,  John  Trenchard,  aged 
over  twenty-six,  son  of  his  daughter  Christine.  ^ 


The  Mohuns  of  Fleet  in  Dorset. 

A  branch  of  the  Mohun  family  was  seated  for  six  gener- 
ations at  Fleet  near  Weymouth.  It  might  be  supposed  to 
have  sprung  from  the  Mohuns  of  Ham  Mohun  in  the  same 
county,  if  the  arms  which  it  bore  were  not  more  similar  to 
those  of  the  Mohuns  of  Dunster.  A  pedigree  compiled  in 
1606  by  William  Dethick,  Garter  King  of  Arms,  but  not 
registered  at  the  Heralds'  College,  appears  to  be  the  author- 
ity for  deducing  its  origin  from  Sir  Robert  Mohun  of 
Porlock,  the  second  son  of  Sir  John  Mohun  of  Dunster 
who  died  in  1330.  *  This  Sir  Robert  is  stated  to  have  been 
the  great-great-grandfather  of  John  Mohun  of  Ottery  in 
Devon,  father  of  Richard  Mohun,  father  of  Robert  Mohun 
with  whom  the  official  pedigree  begins.  ^ 

'  D.C.M.  IV.  15,  i6,  22.  *  Genealogical  details  in  this  section 

'  Municipal  Records  oj  Dorchester,  not  authenticated  by  specific  references 

pp.  291,  296,  298,  442.  are  based  upon  the  Heralds'  Visitation 

*  Inq.  post  mortem.  19  Edw.  IV.  of  Dorset,  1620,  and  the  account  of 
no.  51  ;  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1467-  Fleet  given  in  Hutchins's  History  of 
1477,  p.  293.  Dorset,  vol.  ii.  pp.  741-749. 

*  See  page  40  above. 


APP.  A.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  473 

Robert  Mohun  of  Baunton  died  on  the  14th  of  November 

1580,  seised  of  the  manors  of  Loders  Maltravers,  Manger- 
ton,  and  Fleet,  the  advowson  of  Fleet,  the  rectory  of  East 
Chaldon,  and  other  property  in  the  neighbourhood.  ^  A 
brass  in  the  church  of  Fleet  represents  him  in  armour,  but 
without  a  helmet,  kneeling  at  a  desk,  with  nine  sons  kneeling 
behind,  and  his  wife  with  eight  daughters  similarly  kneeling 
opposite.  ^     The  inscription  runs  : — 

"  Hicjacet  Margarita  uxor  quondam  castissima  viri  dignis- 
simi  Roberti  Mohun  alias  Moun  de  Bothenhampton  in 
comitatu  Dorcestrensi  armigeri,  qua  quidem  Margarita  fuit 
filia  et  coheres  Stephani  Hyde  de  Hyde  in  eodem  etiam 
comitatu  armigeri,  Hcec  17  Uherorum  fielicissima  fuit 
parens.  Fixit  annos  circiter  90,  ac  in  Domino  requiescit. 
Obiit  primo  die  Decembris  anno  regni  serenissimi  Jacobi 
Anglorum  regis  1°  ac  Scotia  36°,  salutis  1603.  " 

Although  there  were  no  less  than  seventeen  children,  the 
names  of  only  three  are  known  : — 
Robert,  heir  to  his  father. 
Maximilian,  heir  to  his  brother. 

John,  matriculated  at  St.  Alban  Hall,  Oxford,  in  1586, 
and  was  admitted  a  student  of  the  Middle  Temple 
in  1 59 1.     His  daughter  Anne  died  in  1600. 

Robert  Mohun,  son  and  heir  of  Robert  and  Margaret, 
matriculated  at  St.  Alban  Hall  in  1577,  being  then  nineteen 
years  of  age.  He  afterwards  married  Meliora  daughter 
of  ...  Pitt  of  Blandford,  and  by  her  had  issue  three 
daughters  : — 

Meliora,  born  in  1587,  married  to  ...  Daccomb. 

Margaret,  born  in  1588,  married  to  ...  Hele. 

Anne,  born  in  1594,  married  to  ...  Hele. 
Robert    Mohun    the    second    died    in    1598,    when    the 
entailed  estates  passed  to  his  brother.  ^ 

Maximilian  Mohun  matriculated  at  St.  Alban  Hall  in 

1 58 1,  being  then  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  afterwards 
became  a  student  at  the  Middle  Temple.  He  married,  on 
the  4th  of  October  1593,  Anne  daughter  and  coheiress  of 

'  Inq.  post  mortem.  C.  II.  193  (45).         West,  p.  330. 

'  An  engraving  of  this  brass  is  given  *  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  II.  252  (35). 

in  Hamilton  Rogers's  Memorials  of  the 


474         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

John  Churchill  of  Corston. '  They  and  their  five  sons  and 
eight  daughters  are  represented  on  a  brass  at  Fleet  bearing 
the  following  inscription  : — 

"  Hie  jacet  Maximilianus  Mohun  armiger,  filius  Roberti 
Mohun  alias  Moun  de  Bothenhampton  in  comitatu  Dorces- 
trensij  qui  quidem  Maximilianus  una  cum  uxore  castissima 
AnnafiUa  et  coharede  Johannis  Churchill  de  Corston  generosi 
tredecim  liberorum  fcelicissimus  fuit  parens.  Vixit  annos 
circiter  48  ac,  vita  bene  beateque  peracta^  in  Domino  requi- 
escit.  Obiit  xiii°.  die  Octobris  anno  regni  serenissimi  Jacobi 
Anglorum  regis  x°.  ac  Scotia  xlv°  anno  salutis  1612."^ 

The  names  of  twelve  of  the  children  are  known  : — 

Maximilian,  heir  to  his  father. 

Churchill,  matriculated  at  Oxford  in  April  16 13,  with 
his  elder  brother.     He  died  without  issue. 

Robert,  of  Buckham  near  Beaminster,  a  Major  in  the 
Royalist  army.  ^  He  was  taken  prisoner  near  Bridge- 
water,  and  afterwards  compounded  for  his  estate.* 
In  1634,  he  married  Elizabeth  daughter  of  John 
Hillary  of  Meerhay. 

John,  born  in  1605. 

George,  born  in  1607. 

Mary,  born  in  1595,  married  in  16 10  to  Cornelius 
Weston  of  Colyton  in  Devon.  ^ 

Elizabeth,  married  to  John  GoUop. " 

Anne. 

Margaret,  born  in  1606. 

Eleanor. 

Thomasine,  born  in  16 10. 

Catherine,  born  in  1612. 

Maximilian  Mohun  the  second  was  born  in  November 
1596,  and  matriculated  at  Oxford  in  April  1613.  In  163 1, 
he  paid  10/.  for  exemption  from  the  duty  of  taking  knight- 
hood. '      By  reason  of  his  adherence  to  the  King  in  the 

>  Hutchins's  H/s/ory  0/ Dorse/,  vol.  ii.  *  Calendar  of  Committee  for  Com- 

p.  45.  pounding,  p.  1684. 

»  This  brass  is  engraved  in  Rogers's  *  Vivian's  Visitations  of  Devon,p.7So. 

Memorials  of  the  West.    The  date  of  «  Hulchins's  History  of  Dorset,  \o\.i\. 

the  death  is  placed  ten  days  later  in  the  p.  1 13. 

inquisition.  (C.  II.  330,  no.  94.)  '  Somerset  and  Dorset    Notes    and 

»  Minute-books   of  Dorset  Standing  Queries,  vol.  iv.  p.  18. 
Committee,  p.  366. 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         475 

Civil  War,  his  estate  was  sequestered  for  about  seven  years, 
during  part  of  which  he  was  in  prison  at  Weymouth. 
He  was  eventually  allowed  to  compound  for  1 540/.  1 8 j.  4^.  * 
He  died  in  1673.  By  Elizabeth  his  wife,  daughter  of 
Francis  Chaldecot  of  Whiteway,  he  had  issue  ten  children, 
the  names  of  six  of  whom  are  known  : — 

Maximilian,  baptized  at  his  mother's  old  home  at 
Steple  in  March  1622.  He  was  living  in  i65i,but 
he  predeceased  his  father. 

Francis,  heir  to  his  father. 

Robert,  a  Captain  in  the  Royal  Navy.  He  died  in 
1667. 

William,  who  obtained  a  small  property  at  Portishead 
in  Somerset,  and  married  Mary  daughter  of  Richard 
Morgan  of  that  place.  He  died  on  the  23rd  of 
March  168 1.  His  wife  survived  until  the  25th  of 
July  1692.  Their  only  son,  Maximilian,  seems  to 
have  died  young,  as  their  property  passed  to  Eliza- 
beth their  daughter,  who  married  Sir  Edward  Fust, 
bart. ' 

Edith,  who  died  in  1672. 

Elizabeth,  who  married  Robert  Yardly. 

Francis  Mohun  was  born  about  1628.  He  was  one  of 
the  principal  men  in  Dorset  who  refused  to  support  the 
repeal  of  the  penal  laws  in  1688. '  A  monument  to  him  at 
Fleet  is  more  commendable  for  its  brevity  than  for  its 
Latinity  : — 

"  Vir  dignissimus^  Franciscus  Mohun  armiger^  filius  Maxi- 
miliani  qui  fuit  filius  Maximi/iani  Mohun^  obiit  25  Feb. 
1711-12™°,  anno  atatis  sua  84°. 
Prisca  fides^  cultusque  Dei^  patriceque  mentis 
Fidus  amor  promavum  excoluere  virum.  " 

Eleanor  his  wife,  daughter  of  Ralph  Sheldon  of  Stanton 
in  Derbyshire,  and  niece  of  Gilbert  Sheldon,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  survived  until  1722.  She  bore  him  three 
children  : — 

'  Calendar  oj   Committee  for  Com-  History  of  Somerset,  vol.  iii.  p.  145. 

pounding,  p.  1633.  '  Somerset  and  Dorset    Notes    and 

*  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  Queries,  vol.  v.  p.  53. 
ii.  p.  15  ;  vol.  V.  pp.  95,  98  ;  Collinson's 


476         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

Gilbert  Maximilian,  heir  to  his  father. 

Catherine,  born  in  1688,  married  in  1702  to  Sir  Edward 

Fust,  bart. 
Elizabeth,  born  in  1671,  married  in   1698  to  Robert 

Broadrepp  of  Mapperton.     She  died  in  1708.  ^ 

Gilbert  Maximilian  Mohun  was  born  in  1675.  ^^ 
married  firstly,  in  1696,  Elizabeth  daughter  of...  Squibb, 
and  by  her  had  issue  two  children  : — 

Gilbert  Maximilian,  who  died  young. 
Elizabeth,  born  in  1700,  married  in    1720  to  Thomas 
Lyte  of  Lytescary  in  Somerset.  ^     Their  descendants 
are  the  representatives  of  the  Mohuns  of  Fleet. 
After  the  death  of  his  first  wife  in  1701,  he  married  Sarah 
daughter  of  Thomas  Cooper  of  Sherborne.     He  died  in 
1721  ;  she  died  in  1735.     -^7  ^^^^  second  marriage  there 
were  four  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Gilbert  Maximilian  Mohun  the  second  is  stated  to 
have  been  born  in  1706.  When,  however,  he  matriculated 
at  Hart  Hall,  Oxford,  in  1726,  he  was  entered  as  sixteen 
years  of  age.  He  married  Dorothy  daughter  of  Roger 
Thompson  and  relict  of  Sir  Edward  Fust,  bart.  She  died 
in  1734.  He  died  without  issue  in  1739,  when  the  estate 
passed  to  his  brother  Francis,  an  intermediate  brother, 
Thomas,  having  died  in  1727. 

Francis  Mohun  was  born  in  171 3.  He  was  third 
Lieutenant  on  the  Victory  in  October  1744,  when  the  ship 
was  lost,  and  the  estate  passed  to  Robert,  the  youngest  of 
the  four  brothers.  ^ 

Robert  Mohun,  the  last  male  member  of  this  branch  of 
the  Mohun  family,  was  born  in  17 15.  He  died  unmarried 
in  1758,  and  the  remains  of  the  property  were  then  divided 
between  his  two  sisters.  His  father's  eldest  daughter, 
Elizabeth  Lyte,  being  only  his  half-sister,  was  not  accounted 
one  of  the  coheirs.  Fleet  went  to  his  sister  Sarah,  the  wife 
of  Thomas  Farwell  and  afterwards  of  John  Gould  of  Upway. 

'  Hnichms' 5  History  of  Dorset^  voX.'n.  iv.  p.  117  ;  Proceedings  of  the  Somerset 
p.  159.  Archceological  Society,  vol.  xxxviii.  p.  8i. 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  '  Admiralty  List  Book  24. 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         477 

She  died  without  issue  in  August  1774,  aged  63.  ^  In  the 
absence  of  any  effectual  entail,  her  share  eventually  passed 
to  a  son  of  her  second  husband  by  a  former  wife,  not 
descended  from  the  Mohuns.  Judith,  the  youngest  child 
of  Gilbert  Maximilian  Mohun  the  first,  married  firstly 
Edward  Tizard  and  secondly  Henry  Worral.  Surviving 
them,  she  died  in  December  1788,  aged  71. ' 


The  Mohuns  of  Hall  and  Boconnoc 
IN  Cornwall.  ^ 

Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun,  a  younger  son  of  Sir  John  de 
Mohun  of  Dunster,  the  third  of  that  name,  by  Ada  Tibetot 
his  wife,  seems  to  have  been  born  at  the  end  of  the  thir- 
teenth century  or  the  beginning  of  the  fourteenth.  The 
earliest  notice  of  him  is  in  1323,  when  he  received  royal 
pardon  for  his  share  in  the  rebellion  of  the  Earl  of  Lan- 
caster and  Roger  Mortimer.  *  In  the  two  following  years 
he  was  in  Guienne  on  the  King's  service.  ^  He  went  abroad 
again  in  1344,  in  the  company  of  Henry  of  Lancaster, 
Earl  of  Derby.  ^  From  his  father  he  received  the  manor  of 
Ugborough  in  Devonshire,  but  only  for  the  term  of  his 
life.  ' 

There  is  a  story  of  very  doubtful  origin  that  Sir  Reynold 
de  Mohun,  coming  into  Fowey  harbour  with  soldiers  bound 
for  Ireland,  let  fly  a  hawk  at  some  game  which  came  down 
in  the  garden  at  Hall,  and  that  he  thus  first  met  the 
daughter  of  the  owner,  Elizabeth  Fitzwilliam,  whom  he 
afterwards  made  his  wife.  ^  The  circumstances  connected 
with  their  marriage  are  so  singular  as  to  justify  an  attempt 

'  Hutchins's ///s/ory  0/ Dorset,  vol.  i.  7527,  p.  63. 
p.  345.  *  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1 324-1  ^2  J, 

*  Ibid.  p.  344.  pp.  12,  178  ;  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls 
^  Genealogical  details  in  this  section  1323-1327,  p.  376. 

not  authenticated  by  specific  references  ®  Rymer's  Fcedcra,  vol.  iii.  p.  11. 

are  based  upon  Vivian's   Visitations  of  '  Feet  of  Fines,  Devon,  21  Edw.  III. 

Cornwall.  ®  Gilbert's  History  of  Cornwall,  vol. 

*  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,i  321-1324,  ii.  p.  410. 
p  351  ;  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1323- 


478         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

to  unravel  a  very  complicated  story  out  of  legal  and 
episcopal  records  of  the  time. 

In  the  first  place  it  is  clear  that  Elizabeth  Fitzwilliam 
was  a  considerable  heiress,  and  that  Sir  John  Daunay,  a 
powerful  neighbour,  had  designs  upon  her  property.  In 
July  1333,  the  Bishop  of  the  diocese  directed  Master  Richard 
of  Wideslade,  Treasurer  of  Exeter,  and  Master  John  of 
Stoke,  Canon  of  Glasney,  to  proceed  with  a  suit,  partly 
heard,  for  a  divorce  between  Dame  Elizabeth  "  of  Boden- 
neke  "  and  Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun.  The  lady  so  styled 
was  certainly  Elizabeth  Fitzwilliam,  but  it  is  not  clear 
whether  she  herself  took  any  active  part  in  the  business. 
When  her  husband  obtained  a  royal  writ  of  supersedeas 
against  Stoke,  Wideslade  was  ordered  to  proceed  alone  if 
necessary.  In  the  following  January,  however,  a  fresh 
commission  was  issued  to  Henry  Bloyou,  Canon  of  Exeter, 
and  Bartholomew  de  Castro,  rector  of  St.  Ives.  The  former, 
it  may  be  observed,  had  recently  been  rector  of  Cornwood, 
a  living  in  the  gift  of  Sir  John  Daunay.  Under  his  in- 
fluence perhaps,  these  two  churchmen  pronounced  a  decree 
of  divorce,  on  the  canonical  ground  that  the  lady  had  been 
previously  contracted  to  Thomas  de  Mohun,  a  brother  of 
Reynold.  ^  From  them  the  husband  appealed  to  the  court 
of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  whence  a  further  appeal 
was  carried  to  the  Roman  Court.  The  Bishop  of  Bath  and 
Wells  and  the  Abbot  of  Glastonbury,  being  appointed  the 
papal  delegates  in  the  case,  referred  it  to  the  Abbots  of 
Buckland  and  Tavistock,  who  eventually  re-affirmed  the 
original  decree  of  divorce. 

At  this  stage  of  the  proceedings,  the  lady  seems  to  have 
fallen  into  the  power  of  Sir  John  Daunay,  who  is  stated  to 
have  *  eloigned '  her  from  Mohun.  He  seems  further- 
more to  have  got  her  married  to  a  certain  Henry  Deneys. 
According  to  Daunay,  Mohun  quit-claimed  to  him  all  his 
right  in  Arworthal  and  several  other  Cornish  manors,  in 
February  1336,  and  Elizabeth  "  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Fitzwilliam  "  did  the  like  seven  months  later.  His  state- 
ments as  to  this  were,  however,  flatly  contradicted.  There 
is  clear  evidence  that,  in  May  1337,  a  fine  was  levied  in  the 

'  The  chronicler  of  Nevvenham  Ab-      genealogy  of  the  Mohuns.     Archceolog- 
bey  does  not  give  any  Thomas  in  his      teal  Journal,  vol.  xxxvii.  p.  89. 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         479 

King's  court,  by  which  Bodennek  and  another  manor  were 
settled  on  Henry  Deneys  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  for  the 
term  of  her  life  only,  with  remainder  to  Sir  John  Daunay. 

It  may  be  presumed  that,  after  this,  Mohun  made  a 
successful  appeal  to  the  Pope,  for,  in  February  1346,  he 
and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  now  re-united  to  him,  brought  a 
suit  against  Daunay,  Deneys  and  others,  to  recover  lands  of 
her  inheritance  of  which  they  had  been  deprived.  At  the 
trial,  Deneys,  although  living,  did  not  put  in  an  appearance, 
but  the  proceedings  were  stopped  by  the  death  of  the  prin- 
cipal defendant.  The  Mohuns  had  therefore  to  bring  a 
fresh  suit  against  Lady  Daunay  and  others.  Eventually 
they  recovered  enormous  damages  from  two  parsons  who 
had  been  the  accomplices  or  tools  of  Sir  John  Daunay.  ^ 
Half  a  century  later,  Edward  Courtenay,  Earl  of  Devon, 
as  grandson  and  heir  of  Sir  John  Daunay,  made  an  attempt 
to  wrest  from  the  Mohun  family  the  property  of  which  the 
reversion  had  been  settled  on  him  by  the  fine  of  1337-^ 

Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun  was  succeeded  by  a  son  named 
John,  who  is  stated  by  the  Heralds  to  have  married  Joan 
St.  Aubyn.  Legal  proceedings  of  the  year  1397  show  that 
he  left  a  widow  named  Isabel  who  married  Sir  Henry 
Ivelcombe,  and  a  son  named  Thomas,  who  was  then  under 

This  Thomas  Mohun  was  m  possession  or  some  or 
the  Fitzwilliam  inheritance  in  1428.  *  In  the  church  of 
Lanteglos  by  Fowey  there  is  a  low  altar-tomb  under  an 
obtuse  arch,  with  the  effigy  in  brass  of  a  man  in  plate-armour 
and  the  following  inscription  : — 

**  ^ic  jacent  t^om<XB  be  ®Xo§un  dc  %o^anntB 
yater  ejus  fifiue  et  ^erec  (ge^inaf bi  be  (gto^un  mifiixB 
et  <Bfi;a6et^e  urorie  eue,  fifie  et  ^erebis  3o^annt6 
Sit^wiffiam  mifiiifi,  qui  [c^nibcm  (j^t^ina^^m  fuit] 
cecunbuB  frater  So^dnnis  uiiimi  ©omini  be  (ttto^um 
(Bt  :f)rebtetu6  J^omdc  o6iit...  ^it  mtmxB,,.  dnno  ©ontint 

'  Register  of  Bishop  Grandisott, pp. y2,  Assize  Roll,  1434,  m.  3  ;  Feudal  Aids, 

410,   701,  721,  727,   1309  ;   Placita  de  vol.  i.  pp.  214,  215,  218. 

Banco,  346,   m.   193  ;   Year  Books,  20  *  Placita  de  Banco,  545,  m.  332. 

Edw.  III.  part.  i.  pp.  270-289  ;  Feet  of  ^  Ibid. 

Fines,  Cornwall,   10  Edw.  Ill;  Inq.  *  Feudal  Aids, vol.i.  pp.22i,  22^-2:^1, 

post  mortem,   20  Edw.   III.  no.  33  ;  236. 


48o         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  a. 
miffeeimo  CCCC,,    Quorum  (}i,rdmcAuti  })ro^)icietur 

The  feet  of  the  figures  rest  upon  a  lion,  beneath  which 
there  is  the  following  verse  :  — 

^*  (|f)er)?tbednt  cuixcix  m  ix<Kmxi  ^fotia  tnunbt  *\ 

The  brass  must  have  been  executed 
during  the  lifetime  of  Thomas  Mohun, 
whose  relations  did  not  take  the  trouble 
to  supply  the  exact  date  of  his  death  in 
the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
With  regard  to  the  inscription,  it  should 
be  observed  that  Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun 
was  not  the  brother,  but  the  uncle,  of 
the  last  Mohun  of  Dunster,  and  that, 
according  to  the  contemporary  chronicler 
at  Newenham,  he  was  the  fourth  son, 
not  the  second.  Thomas  Mohun,  the 
subject  of  the  brass,  is  stated  by  the 
Heralds  to  have  married  Elizabeth 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Richard  Hayre, 
whose  surname  in  this  form  is  probably 
a  phonetic  rendering  of  Eyr.  ^ 

William  Mohun,  son  and  heir  of 
Thomas,  is  stated  by  the  Heralds  to 
have  married  Joan  Cavell.  Some  legal 
proceedings  taken  by  him,  in  1442, 
against  the  relict  and  the  heir  of  Nicholas 
Cavell  of  Bokelly  are  not  inconsistent 
with  a  theory  that  his  wife  was  a  daughter 
of  this  Nicholas.  * 

William  Mohun  the  second,  stated 
to  have  been  son  of  William  and  Joan,  married  Isabel 
daughter  of  Sir  Hugh  Courtenay  of  Boconnoc,  eventually 
one  of  the  coheiresses  of  her  brother,  Edward,  Earl  of 
Devon.  ^     They  left  issue  John  and  Thomas. 


'  Richard  Eyr  of  Trewelesik  is  men-  -  Maclean's  History  of  Trigg  Minor, 

tioned  in  a  fine  of  1370  ;  Sir  William       vol.  ii.  p.  159. 
Mohun  held  land  there  in  1588.  ^  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  II.  113  (4;  261). 


APP.  A.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         481 

John  Mohun,  son  of  William  and  Isabel,  married  Anne 
daughter  of  Richard  Coode  of  Morval.  They  both  died  of 
the  sweating  sickness  in  September  1508.     In  the  church  of 


Lanteglos  there  is  a  brass  showing  the  effigies  of  John 
Mohun  in  armour,  but  without  a  helmet,  Anne  his  wife, 
their  five  sons  and  their  four  daughters.  It  bears  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  : — 

^k  iacent  tumufdta  coti)ora  3o§anni6  Oto^un 
dmi^eri  et  (^mt  uxoxxb  ejuc  ftfie  ©icdtbi  Cobe 
ixxmic^m  tt  <\m  quibent  ^o^dnneB  fuit  fifiuB  et  ^eres 
n3?iffefmt  (ttto^un  drmigeri  dc  f  forencie  urone  eju6  uniuc 
0ororum  (Ebwdrbi  Courtnej^  Comiix&  ©evonie  et  <^ui 
<^uibem  3o^dnne0  et  ®.nnd  oSierunt  tnen0e  ^e^JtetnSm 


482  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

infra  ipiginti  Cjuatuor  ^orac  ex  infirmitate  pocdtd  ^ubore, 
anno  ©omini  mbvii),  <;|uorum  (Xnima^m  pxopititiux 

The  brass  is  not  believed  to  be  quite  contemporary,  and 
the  name  of  John  Mohun's  mother  is  incorrectly  given.  ^ 
Of  the  nine  children  represented  the  names  of  six  are 
known  : — 

John,  who  died  on  the  4th  of  January  1516,  without 

issue.  ^ 
Edmund,  who  died  young. 
Roger,  who  died  young. 
Reynold,  heir  to  his  brother  John. 
Isabel,  who  married  in  1537  John  Nicolls  of  Penvoyce.* 
Joan,  who  married  John  Rosuggan  of  Milledar.  ^ 

Reynold  Mohun,  fourth  son  of  John  and  Anne,  suc- 
ceeded his  brother  John  in  15 16,  being  then  eight  or  nine 
years  of  age.  ^  He  was  one  of  the  esquires  of  the  body  to 
Edward  the  Sixth.  In  1552  and  again  in  1559  he  served  the 
office  of  Sheriff  of  Cornwall.^  In  1566,  he  bought  Boconnoc, 
which  became  the  principal  residence  of  the  family.  ^  He 
died  on  the  22nd  of  April  1567,  possessed  of  considerable 
property  in  the  two  western  counties.  ®  By  Joan  his  wife, 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Trevanian,  he  had  issue  four  sons 
and  as  many  daughters  : — 

William  his  heir. 

Hugh,  who  died  without  issue. 

Reynold,  who  died  without  issue. 

John,  who  died  without  issue. 

Isabel,  who  married  Matthew  Trewynard. 

Jane,  who  married  John  Treffry  of  Treffry. 

'  Mr.  Hamilton    Rogers  has  given  1516  (not  1517)  shows  that  the  younger 

three  different  versions  of  this  inscrip-  John    Mohun    was   succeeded   by   his 

tion.     (Sepulchral  Effigies  of  Devon,  pp.  brother  Reynold. 

115, 32g  ;  Memorials  of  the  West,  p.  277.)  *  Vivian,  p.  344  ;  Maclean's  History 

^  Haines's  Monumental  Brasses,  vol.  of  Trigg  Minor,  vol.  iii.  p.  351. 

ii.  p.  40.  ^  Vivian,  p.  411. 

^  Inq.  post  mortem,   C.  II.  78  (116.)  *  Patent  Roll,  6  Edw.  VI.  part  9. 

Col.  Vivian  charges  the  Heralds  with  '  List  of  Sheriffs,  p.  22. 

having  omitted  a  generation.  (Visita-  ^  G'llheit's  History  of  Cornwall, vol.  i. 

tions  of  Cornwall,  p.  324.)     The  error  p.  65. 

is  his  own,  as  the  inquisition  taken  in  ^  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  II.  150  (186. 


APP.  A.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         483 

Anne,    who    married   Francis   Bellot    of    Corsham    in 

Wiltshire. 
Honor. 

William  Mohun,  son  and  heir  of  Reynold,  was  Sheriff 
of  Cornwall  in  1571  and  1577.  ^  He  was  knighted  in 
1583.  '  He  died  on  the  6th  of  April  1588.  '  Elizabeth 
his  first  wife,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  John  Horsey,  had 
borne  him  two  sons  and  a  daughter  : — 

Reynold  his  heir. 

William,  who  married  Honor,  daughter  and  coheiress 
of  John  Trencreke,  and  had  issue  : — 

Nathaniel,  married  at  Constantine  in  July  1624  to 

Jane  daughter  of  Thomas  Trefusis. 
Philip,  who  died  young. 
Thomas. 

Mary,  married  at  Constantine  in  1626  to  Thomas 
Trefusis. 
Edith,  baptized  at  Fowey  in  August  1566,  married  to 
Sir  Ralph  Horsey. 

By  a  second  wife,  Anne,  daughter  of  William  Reskimer 
and  relict  of  John  Trelawny  of  Menheniot,  Sir  William 
Mohun  had  issue  three  sons  and  two  daughters  : — 

William,  baptized  at  Fowey  on  the    ist  of  September 

1 57 1.     He  died  between  June   161 1  and  February 

1 6 12,  leaving  a  son  Reynold. 
Thomas. 
Arundel,  baptized  at  Fowey  on  the  1 6th  of  September 

1575.  He  died  without  issue. 
Jane,    married    firstly    to    Humphrey    Courtenay    of 

MoUand  and  secondly  to  Sir  John  Speccot. 
Bridget,  married  to  Sir  Thomas  Arundel  of  Tolverne. 

Reynold  Mohun,  eldest  son  of  Sir  William,  was  more 
than  twenty-three  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  father's 
death.  He  was  knighted  on  the  25th  of  March  1599,  and 
created  a  baronet  on  the  25th  of  November  1611,  afew 
months  after  the  institution  of  that  order.  In  1614,  hewas 
returned  to  the  House  of  Commons  for  East  Looe  and  in 

'  List  of  Sheriffs,  p.  23.  p.  82. 

'  ShiLw's  Knights  of  Eugland,  vol.  ij.  '  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  II.  218  (43). 


484         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  a. 

1625  for  Lostwithiel.  ^  The  communion  table  in  the 
church  at  Boconnoc  bears  an  inscription  : — "Made  by  me 
Sir  Raynold  Mohun,  1621.  "  Sir  Reynold  Mohun  mar- 
ried firstly,  in  1589,  Mary  daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Killigrew. 
By  her  he  had  issue  an  only  son  : — 

William,  the  donor  of  an  eared  silver  pot  to  Exeter 
College,  Oxford,  in  1606.  ^  He  proceeded  B.A. 
in  1608,  and  was  in  that  year  admitted  a  student 
of  the  Middle  Temple.  He  died  unmarried  in 
1613. 
By  a  second  wife,  Philippa  daughter  of  Sir  John  Hele 
of  Wembury,  Sir  Reynold  Mohun  had  issue  : — 

John,  his  heir. 

Elizabeth,   baptized  at  St.  Pinnock  on   the    loth   of 
February  1593,  married  to   Sir  John  Trelawny  of 
Trelawny. 
By  a  third  wife,  Dorothy  daughter  of  John  Chudleigh  of 
Ashton,  he  had  issue  three  sons  and  four  daughters  : — 

Reynold,  born  about  1605.  A  bowl  of  silver  gilt  at 
Exeter  College  was  inscribed — "The  gift  of  Rainold 
Mohun  to  Exeter  College,  1622.  "  ^  He  proceeded 
B.A.  in  1624,  and  was  admitted  a  student  of  the 
Middle  Temple  in  the  following  year.  A  settlement 
was  made  in  1634  in  consideration  of  his  intended 
marriage  to  Mary  daughter  of  Sir  George  Southcote. 
He  died  in  or  before  1642,  leaving  a  widow  named 
Dorothy.  He  had  two  children,  Reynold  and  Dor- 
othy, both  of  whom  died  young. 

Ferdinand,  born  about  161 2,  commoner  of  Exeter 
College,  and  the  donor  of  a  silver  bowl  in  1630. 
He  left  no  issue. 

George,  born  about  1613.     He  left  no  issue. 

Dorothy,  born  about  1604,  married  to  Sir  Henry 
Carew  of  Bickleigh. 

Bridget,  married  at  Boconnoc  on  the  15th  of  April 
1635  to  John  Nicholls  of  Trewane,  and  afterwards  to 
Sir  James  Smyth.  * 

'  Return  of  Members  of  Parliament.  '  Ibid.  p.  2y6. 

'  Hoase's  Register  of  Exeter  College,  *  S.  P.  Doin.     Interregnum,  G.  7S- 

P-  279-  f.  173. 


APP.  A.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         485 

Penelope,  baptized  at  Boconnoc  on  the  29th  of  January 
1609,  married  to  William  Drewe  of  Broad  Hembury 
in  Devonshire.     There  is  at  Boconnoc  a  portrait  of 
her  dated  1636,  and  a  curious  epitaph  in  memory  of 
her  dated  1637  may  be  seen  in  the  church/ 
Margaret,  baptized  at  Boconnoc  on  the  27th  of  June 
1 6 19,  married  to  Charles  Roscarrock  of  Trevenna. 
She  died  in  1670. 
Sir  Reynold  Mohun  died  on  the  26th  of  December  1639.  ' 
At  Boconnoc  there  are  portraits  of  him  and  one  of  his  wives 
attributed  to  Cornelius  Jannsen. 

John  Mohun,  the  eldest  surviving  son  of  Sir  Reynold, 
matriculated  at  Exeter  College  in  1605,  being  then  thirteen 
years  of  age.  He  presented  a  bowl  in  the  following  year, 
and  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1608.  Two  years  later,  he 
was  admitted  a  student  of  the  Middle  Temple.  In  the 
Parliaments  of  1624  and  1625,  he  sat  for  Grampound  and, 
through  the  influence  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  he  was 
appointed  Vice- Warden  of  the  Stannaries. 

Sir  James  Bagg,  who  styled  himself  that  minister's 
"  perpetuall  slave,"  importuned  him  for  months  to  obtain  a 
peerage  for  John  Mohun.  On  the  ist  of  November  1627, 
he  wrote  : — 

"  Mohun  in  a  Lordlike  way  will  best  be  your  servant.  " 

On  the  17th  of  March  following,  he  was  more  explicit :  — 

"Mr.  Mohun  is  soe   your  servant  as  in  life  and  fortune 

Inable  him  by  honor  to  be  fitt  for  you  ;  soe  in  the  Upper 
House  or  in  the  countrey  will  he  be  the  more  advantagious 
to  you.  He  is  honest,  and  I  am  pawne  for  his  constancie. 
He  desires  to  retain  the  name  of  Mohun  and  to  be  Baron 
either  of  Polrode,  Launceston,  Bodmin,  Lostwithiell  or  Bocon- 
noke. " 

Again  only  two  days  later  : — 

"  Let  me  mynde  and  pray  you  to  take  care  of  Mohun.  " 
On  the  23rd  he  wrote  : — 

"  I  am  not  more  an  enymie  to  vice  then  an  affectionate  servant 

'  Hamilton  Rogers,  Sepulchral  Effi-  *  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  II.  596  (45). 

gies  of  Devon,  p.  329. 


486         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

to  vertue,  and  therfore  I  am  inforst  to  assure  you  of  the  great 
worth  of  your  servant  Mohun.  " 

Once  more,  on  the  8th  of  April  : — 

"  The  service  that  Mohun  will  doe  you  will  crowne  your 
favour  to  him,  make  me  gladd  as  long  as  he  continues  an  honest 
man,  and  give  me  resolution  to  cutt  his  throate  when  he  shall 
approve  other  to  my  Lord  the  Duke.  "  ' 

By  this  time  the  matter  was  practically  settled,  and  on 
the  15th  of  April  1628,  John  Mohun  was  raised  to  the 
peerage  with  the  title  of  Baron  Mohun  of  Okehampton. 
His  motto  *  Generis  revocamus  honores  '  may  allude  either 
to  the  Mohuns  of  Dunster  or  the  Courtenays  of  Okehamp- 
ton. One  curious  result  of  his  new  creation  was  that  he 
obtained  precedence  of  his  own  father,  still  living  and  only 
a  baronet.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Mohun  afterwards 
quarrelled  with  Bagg,  whom  he  charged  with  defrauding  the 
King  of  20,000/.  ^ 

The  first  Lord  Mohun  married  Cordelia  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Stanhope  and  relict  of  Sir  Roger  Aston.  She  was 
buried  at  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields  on  the  2nd  of  October 
1639.     By  her  he  had  issue : — 

John,  born  about  161 5.  In  1637,  he  was  committed 
to  the  Fleet  Prison  in  connexion  with  an  affray  on 
Snow  Hill,  near  Holborn,  in  which  Lord  Lumley 
received  some  injury.  Only  one  version  of  the 
story,  his  own,  has  been  preserved.  According  to 
this,  he  was  returning  from  the  Dutch  Embassy  in 
company  with  Cassius  Burroughs,  son  of  Garter 
King  of  Arms,  Obadiah  Gossop,  his  father's  chap- 
lain, and  two  servants,  when  Lord  Savage's  coach 
came  upon  them  suddenly.  To  save  himself  from 
being  crushed  against  a  wall,  young  Mohun  struck 
at  the  horses  with  his  cane,  whereupon  the  coachman 
slashed  at  him  with  his  whip.  After  some  reprisals, 
swords  were  drawn  on  both  sides,  but  neither  Mohun 
nor  Burroughs  could  explain  how  Lord  Lumley, 
sitting    quietly    in    the    coach,    came    to    be  hurt.  ' 

'  S.  p.  Dom.  Car.  I.  vol.  Ixxxiv.  no.  passim. 
93  ;  vol.  xcvi.  nos,  36,  48  ;  vol.  xcviii.  '  S.  P.  Dom.  Charles  I.  vol.  ccclxiii. 

no.  26  ;  vol.  c.  nos.  47,  55.  nos.  36,  37,  119. 

*  Calendar  of  Slate  Papers,  Domcslic, 


APP.  A.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         487 

John  Mohun  died  in  his  father's  lifetime  and  was 
buried  at  Kensington   on  the  31st  of  October  1639. 

Warwick,  heir  to  his  father. 

Charles,  baptized  at  Mevagissey  on  the  25th  of  August 
1622.  He  was  knighted  at  Bristol  in  1643,  but  was 
killed  at  Dartmouth  in  the  Civil  War.^ 

Cordelia,  married  to  John  Harris  of  Hayne. 

Theophila,  married  at  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields,  on  the 
8th  of  November  1638,  to  James  Campbell. 

Philippa,  baptized  at  Mevagissey  in  1623. 

Philadelphia,  died  in  1633. 
John,  Lord  Mohun  died  on  the  28th  of  March  1641.  ' 
There  are  portraits  of  him  and  his  wife  at  Boconnoc. 

Warwick  Mohun,  second  Baron  of  Okehampton,  was 
born  on  the  25th  of  May  1620,  and  was  consequently 
within  a  few  weeks  of  his  majority  at  the  date  of  his  father's 
death.  ^  When  the  quarrel  between  the  King  and  the 
Parliament  became  serious,  he  withdrew  from  Westminster 
to  his  house  in  Cornwall.  *  After  some  hesitation,  he  de- 
finitely took  up  arms  on  behalf  of  the  former  in  September 
1642,  and  raised  a  regiment  of  foot  in  his  own  neighbour- 
hood, although  he  was  not  popular  there.  A  year  later,  he 
resigned  his  commission.  The  disputes  about  the  amount 
to  be  paid  by  him  to  the  victorious  party  by  way  of  penalty 
lasted  a  long  time. '  He  died  between  April  and  July  1 665. 
By  Catherine  his  wife,  daughter  of— Welles  of  Brember  in 
Hampshire,  he  had  issue  two  sons  and  three  daughters  : — 

Charles,  his  heir. 

James,  of  Polmangan,  who  died  in  1699  or  1700. 

Cordelia. 

Catherine,  married  to  George  Cusack. 

Isabella,  married  to  Samuel  Maddock  of  Plymouth.  •* 
Anne,  one  of  their   two  daughters   and   coheiresses, 

1  Shaw's  Knights  of  England,  vol.  ii.  Vivian's  Visitations  of  Devon,  p.  464. 

p  216.  *  S.P.  Dom.  Charles  1.  vol.  ccccxcii. 

'2  Inq.  postmortem,  C.  II.  607  (102).  no.  7. 

3  Vivian's   Visitations  and  G.E.C.'s  '  Clavendons  History  of  the  Rebellion, 

Complete  Peerage  give  different  dates,  Calendar  of  Committee  for  Advance  of 

both  incorrect.     His  singular  Christian  Money,  p.  692.                 „       ,  ,      ,  c<^ 

name  seems  to  have  come  through  his  «  Hamilton  Rogers,  Sepulchral  hjji- 

grandmother,    Philippa    Hele,    whose  gies  of  Devon,  p.  120. 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Warwick. 


488         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

married    John    Fownes,    ancestor    of    the    Fownes 

Luttrells  of  Dunster  Castle. 
Catherine,   Lady   Mohun   being  a  Roman  Catholic,   the 
King  in  Council  made  order,  in  1668,  that  she  should  give 
security  to  bring  up  her  children  in  the  Protestant  religion/ 
She  died  in  April  1692.' 

Charles  Mohun,  third  Baron  of  Okehampton,  was  under 
age  at  the  date  of  his  father's  death.  In  November  1672, 
he  proposed  to  Arthur,  Earl  of  Anglesey,  for  the  hand  of 
his  daughter  Philippa,  "  with  great  civility.  "  A  few  days 
later,  the  young  lady's  father  notes  in  his  diary  : — 

"  My  Lord  Mohun  continued  his  addresses  with  more  civility, 
desiring  only  my  daughter,  and  leaving  all  things  else  to  myself, 
whether  I  give  anything  or  nothing.  " 

The  marriage,  however,  did  not  turn  out  well.  In 
September  1674,  Lord  Anglesey  records  that  Lord  and 
Lady  Mohun  were  "  desperately  out  again.  "  In  his 
opinion,  both  parties  were  to  blame,  but  he  vented  most  ot 
his  wrath  on  his  daughter  : — 

"  If  she  had  not  been  married,  I  had  beat  her.  I  did  call  her 
*  impudent  baggage.'  *' 

Some  three  months  later,  he  effected  a  reconciliation.  ^ 
Lord  Mohun  considered  that  his  dignity  was  seriously  im- 
pugned when  somebody  said  that  he  was  "good  for  nothing 
but  to  sit  in  ladies'  chambers  and  thread  their  needles.  "* 
A  newsletter  of  the  5th  of  October  1676,  gives  the  follow- 
ing account  of  a  brawl  in  which  he  was  concerned  : — 

"  Two  Exchange  women  (to  whom  Lady  Mohun  owed  a  bill, 
and  to  whom  payment  was  promised  with  Michaelmas  rents, 
with  which  they  seemed  satisfied)  after  drinking  brandy,  came 
with  four  braves  to  my  Lord's  lodgings.  The  women  went 
up,  spit  in  my  Lady's  face,  etc.  The  men  staid  below  and 
cried  *  Where  is  my  Lord  ? '  etc.  My  Lord  at  this  alarm  went 
upstairs,  took  his  sword  and  pistol,  and  one  of  his  men  the  like, 
and  after  some  passes  shot,  missed  the  man,  but  shot  through 

•  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report  xii.  App.  App.  vi.  p.  366. 
vii.  p.6o.     Iniht  Dictionary  of  National  *  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  i?e^orf  xiii.  App. 

Biography,  (vol.  .xxxviii.  p.   105)  she  is  vi.  pp.  274,  277. 
confounded  with  her  daughter-in-law.  *  Hatton  Correspondence,    vol.  i.  p 

'  Luttrell's   Brief  Relation,   vol.    ii.  124. 
p.  429  ;  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report  xiv. 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         489 

his  hat  ;  that  not  doing,  shot  again,  but  the  pistol  would  not  go 
off.  The  hubbub  increasing,  they  retreated,  my  Lord  having 
received  a  slight  wound  on  the  hand.  They  were  three  Irish, 
and  one  Lifeguardsman.  "  ' 

While  acting  as  second  to  Lord  Cavendish  in  a  duel  in 
November  1676,  Lord  Mohun  was  run  through  the  stomach, 
and  he  lay  between  life  and  death  for  a  considerable  time.  ^ 
Dying  on  the  29th  of  September  1677,  he  was  buried  at 
St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields  three  weeks  later. 

Lady  Mohun,  the  widow,  caused  some  sensation  in  the 
aristocratic  circles  of  London  by  her  proceedings  in  con- 
nexion with  another  brawl  in  the  following  year.  Going 
to  play  cards  with  a  friend  who  was  in  lodgings  near  the 
New  Exchange,  she  encountered  the  landlady,  to  whom  her 
husband  had  owed  money.  Some  high  words  passed,  and 
one  of  Lady  Mohun's  footmen  pricked  the  landlady  with 
his  sword,  while  another  spat  in  her  daughter's  face.  The 
landlady  retaliated  by  throwing  a  candlestick  at  one  of  them, 
which  hit  their  mistress  on  the  knee.  Lady  Mohun  there- 
upon, claiming  the  privilege  of  a  peeress,  petitioned  the 
House  of  Lords  to  summon  and  punish  her  assailant.  The 
Lords,  however,  very  wisely  left  the  parties  to  settle  their 
quarrel  by  course  of  ordinary  law.  The  King  was  vastly 
amused,  and  gallantly  declared  that  he  was  willing  to  deter- 
mine by  inspection  whether  Lady  Mohun's  knee  was  injured.' 
William  Coward,  serjeant-at-law,  was  so  fascinated  by  the 
widow  that  he  paid  her  debts  amounting  to  1,500/.  before 
obtaining  her  hand  in  second  marriage.  Nevertheless 
she  steadily  refused  to  let  him  touch  any  of  her  money.  * 
Surviving  him  by  some  years,  she  was  buried  at  Lee  in 
Kent  in  March  1715/  By  this  lady.  Lord  Mohun  had  left 
issue  two  children  : — 

Charles,  his  successor. 

Elizabeth,  a  maid  of  honour  to  Queens  Mary  and  Anne. 
She  died  in  July  17 10.  ^ 

'  Verney  Memoirs,  vol.  u.  p.  s^S-  *  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

»  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report  xii.  App.  iv.  p.  88. 
V.  pp.  32-37  ;    App.  vii.   pp.    130,   141.  =  Ibid.  vol.  v.  p.  11. 

Hatton  Correspondence,  vol.  i.  p.  142.  •"•  Lords'  Journals,  vol.  xiii;  Luttrell 

*  Lords'  Journals,  vol.  xiii.  p.  194;  Brief  Relation,  \o\.  iii.  p.  143;  vol.  vi. 

Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report  ix.  App.  2,  p.  610  ;  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills, 

p.  no  ;  Report  xii.  App.  v.  p.  49.  vol.  v.  p.  10. 

K 


490         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

Charles  Mohun,  rourth  and  last  Baron  of  Okehampton, 
appears  to  have  been  born  in  1674.^  It  is  not  possible 
here  to  attempt  a  detailed  biography  of  a  nobleman  who 
was  constantly  before  the  public  during  the  last  twenty 
years  of  his  comparatively  short  career.  ^  The  Jacobite 
Hearne  sums  up  his  character  in  describing  him  as  "  the 
greatest  debauchee  and  bully  of  the  age.  "  ^ 

In  1692,  when  Lord  Mohun  was  about  eighteen  years 
old,  but  already  "  exceeding  dissolute,  "  he  had  a  drunken 
quarrel  with  Lord  Kennedy,  and  the  King  himself  failed  to 
prevent  a  duel  in  which  both  parties  were  wounded.  * 

This  was  on  the  7th  of  December.  Only  two  nights 
later.  Lord  Mohun  was  concerned  in  an  attempt  made  by 
Captain  Richard  Hill  to  kidnap  Mrs.  Bracegirdle,  the 
popular  actress.  He  was  still  with  Hill  when  the  latter,  a 
mere  boy,  waylaid  William  Mountfort,  the  most  graceful 
actor  of  the  period  and  brutally  murdered  him  in  Howard 
Street,  Strand.  ^  The  grand  jury  of  Middlesex  found  a  true 
bill  against  both,  and,  although  the  principal  culprit  managed 
to  escape,  his  noble  associate  was  eventually  committed  to  the 
Tower  of  London.  As  Lord  Mohun  had  to  be  tried  by  his 
peers,  extraordinary  preparations  were  made.  Westminster 
Hall  was  fitted  up  with  scaffolding,  boxes  being  provided  for 
the  foreign  ministers,  and  special  seats  for  the  peeresses  and 
their  daughters.  Eight  tickets  of  admission  were  also  allotted 
to  every  peer,  including  the  prisoner,  who  was  not  yet  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Lords.  A  Lord  High  Steward 
was  appointed  to  regulate  the  proceedings,  and  every  peer 
living   within  twenty   miles  of  London    was   required  to 

'  He  is  sometimes  described  as  the  National  Biography,  vol.  xxxviii.  pp. 

fifth  Baron,  in  consequence  of  an  err-  105-107,  gives  many  useful  references, 

oneous  idea  that  the  first  Baron  was  but  contains  several  errors, 

succeeded  by  his  eldest  son.     In  Dec-  '  Collections  (ed.  Doble),  vol.  iii.  p.  486. 

ember  1692,  Lady  Nottingham  writes  *  Luttrell's  Brief  Relation,  vol.  ii.  pp. 

of   "  that   wretched  creature,  "   Lord  629,631,636;  Hatton  Correspondence, 

Mohun,  as  "  not  sixteen  years  old  till  vol.  ii.  p.  187. 

April  next.  "     {Hatton  Correspondence,  *  Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report  on  Port- 

vol.  ii.  p.  187.)      In  the  following  Feb-  land   Papers,  vol.  viii.  p.  322  ;  Report 

ruary,  John   Evelyn  describes  him  as  xiv.  App.  ii.  pp.  509,  512,513;  Lysons's 

"  not  yet  eighteen  years  old.  "     (Diary.)  Environs  of  London,  vol.  i.  p.  782.    All 

He   was,   however,  married  in    1691,  the    evidence  is  printed  in   Howell's 

and  presumably  of  full  age  when  sum-  State    Trials,   vol.   xii.     pp.    949-1050. 

moned  to  Parliament  in  October  1695.  Macaulay  gives  a  short  but  character- 

(Parliamentary  Pawns,  P.  R.  O.)  istic    sununary    of     it.      ( History    of 

'  The  article  in  the   Dictionary  oj  England,  chapter  xiv.) 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         491 

attend.  Carts  and  drays  were  forbidden  to  move  between 
Charing  Cross  and  Old  Palace  Yard  between  six  o'clock  in 
the  morning  and  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  the  day- 
fixed  for  the  opening  of  the  trial.  ^ 

On  the  31st  of  January  1693,  the  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower  conveyed  his  prisoner  to  Westminster,  preceded  by 
a  porter  carrying  a  bare  axe.  The  formal,  though  minute, 
record  of  the  proceedings  does  not  of  course  mention  the  fact 
that  the  King  was  one  of  the  spectators  until  three  o'clock.  ^ 
Speeches  by  counsel,  the  examination  of  witnesses,  and  a 
consultation  with  the  judges  necessitated  several  adjourn- 
ments, but  on  the  4th  of  February  the  Lords  gave  their 
opinions  one  by  one,  sixty-nine  voting  for  an  acquittal  and 
fourteen  for  a  conviction. '  The  Lord  High  Steward,  who 
had  received  prodigious  remuneration  for  presiding  on  the 
occasion,  then  broke  his  staff,  in  token  that  his  functions 
were  ended.  Lord  Mohun's  acquittal  was  largely  due  to 
"  commiseration  for  his  youth. "  *  According  to  the  wits  of 
the  day,  there  was  nothing  fair  about  the  trial  except  the 
bevy  of  fashionable  ladies  in  the  gallery. 

The  solemn  proceedings  in  Westminster  Hall  did  not 
sober  Lord  Mohun's  unruly  spirit.  Under  the  date  of 
Saturday  the  6th  of  October  1694,  we  read  : — 

"  On  Sunday  last,  the  Lord  Mohun  attempting  to  kill  a  coach- 
man in  the  Pall  Mall,  and  Mr.  Scobell,  a  Cornish  Member  of 
Parliament,  preventing  him,  his  Lordship  cutt  Mr.  Scobell  over 
the  head  and  after  sent  him  a  challenge.  "  ^ 

While  serving  in  the  army  in  Flanders,  Lord  Mohun 
presumably  kept  the  peace  with  his  brother  officers,  but 
under  date  of  the  8th  of  April  1697  we  read  : — 

"  Wensday  night,  the  Lord  Mohun  and  Captain  Bingham 
fought  in  St.  James'  Park  :  the  former  was  wounded  in  the 
hand  :  they  were  parted  by  the  centinells.  "  ^ 

Lord  Mohun's  next  encounter,  five  months  later,  had 
more  serious  consequences.  Under  date  of  the  i6th  of 
September  1697  we  read  : — 

'  Lords'  Journals,  vol.  xv.  pp.  184,  State  Trials,  vol.  xii. 

196,  202,  206,  210,  214  etc.  ■•  Evelyn's  Diary. 

'  Luttrell's   Brief  Relation,   vol.   iii.  -^  Luttrell's   Brief  Relation,  vol.   iii. 

p.  26.  p.  381. 

'  Lords'  Journals,  vol.  xv  ;  Howell's  *  Ibid.  vol.  iv.  p.  207. 


492         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

"  On  Tuesday  night,  the  Lord  Mohun  and  several  gentlemen 
drinking  in  the  Rummer  tavern  at  Charing  Cross,  some  words 
arose  between  his  Lordship  and  Captain  Hill  of  the  Foot 
Guards,  who  thereupon  was  stabbed  by  the  former,  and  is  since 
dead.  "  ' 

The  coroner's  inquest  found  Lord  Mohun  guilty  of 
manslaughter,  but  the  grand  jury  of  Middlesex  found  a  bill 
against  him  for  murder.  ^  On  his  petition  to  the  House  of 
Lords,  he  was  removed  from  the  King's  Bench  Prison  to  the 
Tower,  where  his  behaviour  was  such  that  the  Lieutenant 
was  forced  to  put  him  in  close  confinement.  ^  Falling  ill 
there,  he  was  released  on  bail,  and  on  the  2nd  of  July  1698 
he  obtained  a  formal  pardon  from  the  King.  Two  days 
later,  he  took  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Lords.  * 

Once  more,  in  1699,  was  Lord  Mohun  committed  to  the 
Tower  on  a  charge  of  murder,  the  victim  this  time  being 
Captain  Richard  Coote.  Another  trial  in  Westminster  Hall 
followed,  and,  although  the  proceedings  had  not  the  interest 
of  novelty,  the  King  and  many  other  important  personages 
attended.  ^  On  this  occasion,  the  prisoner  was  acquitted  by 
a  unanimous  vote  of  his  peers.  His  own  words  of  acknow- 
ledgement have  been  recorded,  ending  : — 

"  I  will  endeavour  to  make  it  the  business  of  the  future  part 
of  my  life  so  to  behave  myself  in  my  conversation  in  the 
world  as  to  avoid  all  things  that  may  bring  me  under  any  such 
circumstances  as  may  expose  me  to  the  giving  your  Lordships 
any  trouble  of  this  nature  for  the  future."  * 

After  this,  there  was  considerable  amendment.  Lord 
Mohun  took  to  politics,  became  a  frequenter  of  the  Kit  Cat 
Club,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Whig  party  in  the 
House  of  Lords.  Still  the  old  reputation  of  a  ferailleur 
stuck  to  him,  and  when  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  in  May 
1 7 12,  resolved  to  send  a  challenge  to  Earl  Poulett,  he 
chose  Lord  Mohun  as  his  envoy. '  Less  than  six  months 
afterwards.  Lord  Mohun  himself  was  a  principal  in  one  of 
the    most    famous   duels   that   have   ever    been    fought    in 

'  LuttrcU's   Brief  Relation,  vol.   iii.  341. 

p.  278.  ^  Luttrell's   Brief  Relation,   vol.   iv. 

»  Ibid.  pp.  280,  296,  303.  pp.  499-  500. 

'  Ibid.  pp.  318,  329;  Lords'  Journals,  ®  Howell,  p.  1060. 

vol.  xvi.  pp.  179,  211.  '   Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  Report  \'\.  App, 

*  Lords'  Journals,  vol.  xvi.  pp.  263,  v.  p.  309. 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         493 

England.  His  adversary,  the  Duke  of  Hamilton,  was  a 
leading  Tory,  about  to  go  to  Paris  as  ambassador.  There 
had  been  interminable  litigation  between  them  about  the 
estate  of  the  Earl  of  Macclesfield,  and  the  fatal  quarrel  arose 
out  of  strong  language  used  by  Lord  Mohun  in  the  course 
of  the  proceedings. 

The  story  is  too  long  to  be  told  here  in  detail.^  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  the  duel  took  place  in  Hyde  Park  at  seven 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  15th  of  November  17 12, 
when  the  two  noblemen  fought  "  like  enraged  lions.  " 
Mohun  was  the  first  to  fall,  mortally  wounded,  but,  accord- 
ing to  the  accepted  version  of  the  affair,  he  had  sufficient 
strength  to  retaliate  with  a  fatal  thrust.  The  Tories 
preferred  to  believe  that  the  Duke  was  killed  by  Mohun's 
second,  who  fled  the  country.^  There  is  a  considerable 
amount  of  controversial  literature  on  the  subject.  Lord 
Mohun's  body  was  conveyed  to  his  lodging  in  Marlborough 
Street,  and  he  was  buried  at  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields  ten 
days  later.  In  him  the  main  line  of  the  Cornish  Mohuns 
came  to  an  end.  Philippa,  Lady  Mohun  had  the  perhaps 
unique  experience  of  losing  her  husband  and  her  son 
through  duels.  It  is  doubtful  whether  she  grieved  much 
for  either.  ^ 

The  last  Lord  Mohun  was  married  twice.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1 69 1,  when  he  was  barely  seventeen  years  of  age, 
he  took  to  wife  Charlotte  daughter  and  heiress  of  James 
Mainwaring  and  grand-daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Macclesfield. 
According  to  tradition  : — 

"  He  had  only  one  daughter,  whom  he  never  owned,  and  he 
lived  several  years  separated  from  his  wife.  He  had  the  good 
fortune,  however,  to  get  rid  of  her  at  last,  she  being  drowned 
in  a  passage  to  Ireland  with  one  of  her  gallants,  about  six  or 
seven  years  before  his  own  death. "  * 

By  a  will  dated  the  23rd  of  March  17 10,  Lord  Mohun 
left  100/.  to  Elizabeth,  his  "  pretended  daughter  "  by  his 
first  wife. ""     The  date  of  this  daughter's  birth  is  at  present 

'  Summaries  of  the  evidence  given  Report  on  Portland  Papers,  vol.  v.  p.  26. 

as  to  the  facts  are  printed  in  the  Pali-  ^  Lords' Journals,  vol.  xii.  p.  17. 

tical  State  for    i']i2,  and  Hist.    MSS.  ^  Gilbert's  History  of  Cornwall,  vol. 

Comm.  Report  xi.  App.  v.  pp.  31 1-3 14.  i.  p.  67. 

■^  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  *  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

vol.  xxxiv.  p.  444 ;   Hist.  MSS.  Comm.  v.  p.  10. 


494         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

unknown,  but,  as  her  parents  were  not  divorced,  she  must 
assuredly  be  reckoned  legitimate.  In  June  171 7,  she 
married  Arthur  St.  Leger,  afterwards  Viscount  Doneraile. 
That  she  herself  was  in  no  way  ashamed  of  her  birth  is 
tolerably  clear  from  the  fact  that  her  eldest  son  was  baptized 
by  the  names  of  *  Arthur  Mohun. '  ^ 

At  some  unknown  date,  Lord  Mohun  married  secondly 
Elizabeth  relict  of  Colonel  Edward  Griffith,  and  daughter 
of  Thomas  Lawrence,  physician  at  the  court  of  Queen 
Anne.  To  her  he  bequeathed  almost  all  his  property,  real 
and  personal.  In  17 17,  she  sold  the  Cornish  estate,  sub- 
ject to  some  temporary  charges,  to  Thomas  Pitt,  ex-governor 
of  Madras,  who  had  recently  obtained  a  great  price  for  his 
famous  diamond.  Paying  53,000/.  for  Boconnoc  and  all  that 
went  with  it,  he  was  considered  to  have  made  a  very  good 
bargain.  ^  About  the  same  time,  Lady  Mohun  married 
thirdly  Charles  Mordaunt,  nephew  of  the  Earl  of  Peter- 
borough, a  man  much  younger  than  herself.  Her  letters 
show  her  to  have  been  a  lady  with  some  literary  aspirations. ' 
She  died  in  the  spring  of  1725. 

A  younger  branch  of  the  Mohuns  of  Boconnoc  inherited 
the  Trencreke  estate  in  the  parish  of  Creed  in  Cornwall, 
and  resided  at  Luny  in  the  parish  of  St.  Ewe.  William 
Mohun,  probably  son  of  Nathaniel  Mohun  mentioned 
above  (p.  483),  married  Dorothy  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Trelawny,  bart.  *     They  had  issue  Warwick  and  Delia. 

Warwick  Mohun,  son  of  William,  was  baptized  at  St. 
Ewe  on  the  8th  of  December  1668.  In  December  1704, 
he  married  Anne  Addis  at  Stoke  Damarel.  She  seems  to 
have  died  in  January  17 14,  he  surviving  until  October 
1733.  Warwick  and  John  Mohun,  buried  respectively  in 
1 7 14  and  1 7 19,  may  have  been  two  of  their  children.  ^ 
Their  eldest  son  William  matriculated  at  Exeter  College, 
Oxford,  in  1723.  In  the  church  of  St.  Ewe  there  is  a 
monument  in  memory  of  William  Mohun,  Esq.  "  the  last 

'  Lodge's  Peerage  of  Ireland,  (ed.  vol.  i.  pp.  7,  94,  99. 

Archdall)  vol.  vi.  p.  121.  ''  She   is  called  'Jane'   in   Gilbert's 

*  Hist.    MSS.    Comm.    Report    xiii.  History  of  Cornwall,  vo\.  i.  p.  255. 

App.  iii.  pp.  62,  69,  70,  88;  Gilbert's  ^  Vi\ia.n's  Visitation  of  Cornwall, 1620 

History  of  Cornwall,  vol.  i.  p.  67.  p.  146. 

'  Letters  of  the  Countess  of  Snffolk, 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         495 

of  that  ancient  name  and  noble  family, "  who  died  on  the 
2nd  of  December  1737,  aged  thirty-two.  It  was  put  up  by 
his  widow  Sibella,  sister  of  Thomas  Trefusis  of  Penryn, 
and  his  only  sister  Elizabeth,  widow  of  James  Prowse  of 
Key  ford  in  Somerset.  ^  The  former  afterwards  married 
John  Derbyshire  Birkhead.  ^  This  William  Mohun  may 
have  been  the  last  male  representative  of  the  Cornish  branch 
of  the  family,  but,  as  has  been  seen  above,  Robert  Mohun 
of  Fleet  in  Dorset  survived  until  1758. 

Various  parish  registers  in  Cornwall  record  the  births, 
marriages  and  deaths  of  persons  named  Mohun  or  Moon, 
who  may  have  been  of  legitimate  origin,  although  of  humble 
station.  ^ 

John  Mohun  of  South  Petherton,  the  owner  of  a  tobacco 
plantation  in  Virginia  in  1675,  seems  to  have  been  in  some 
way  connected  with  the  Cornish  branch  of  the  family,  as 
his  brother  bore  the  uncommon  name  of  Warwick.  * 

The  Heralds'  Visitation  of  Hertfordshire  in  1572  pro- 
fesses to  record  four  generations  of  a  family  named  Mohun, 
then  resident  at  Aldenham  in  that  county.  It  begins  with 
a  certain  Edmond  Mohun  "  of  Mohun  (sic)  in  Cornwall.  " 


The  Mohuns  of  Tavistock.  ^ 

According  to  a  pedigree  entered  in  the  Heralds'  Visitation 
of  Devon  in  1620,  Thomas  Mohun  of  Tavistock  then  living 
was  son  of  Thomas,  son  of  Thomas,  serjeant-at-arms  to 
Henry  the  Eighth,  son  of  Thomas,  son  of  Thomas,  son  of 
Lawrence  one  of  the  younger  sons  of  Sir  John  Mohun  of 
Dunster,  who  is  otherwise  known  to  have  died  in  1330.  It 
is,  however,  very  unlikely  that  six  generations  covered  three 
centuries. 

Thomas  Mohun,   the   serjeant-at-arms,    married  Agnes 

'  Rogers  Sepulchral  Effigies,  p.  329.  ''  This  section  is  founded  upon  the 

*  Gilbert's//75/ory  o/CorMt4;a//,  vol.i.  pedigrees  given  in  Vivian's  Visitations 
p.  8.  0/  Devon  (pp.  i,  12,  168,  321,  566,  574, 

^Vivizn'sVisitcxtioti  of  Cornwall,  1620.      712),  which   furnish  some  particulars 

*  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  i.       not  to  be  found  in  the  original  MS. 
P-77- 


496         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  a. 

daughter  of  William  Amadas,  who  married  secondly  Thomas 
Stoford  of  Dolton,  thirdly  John  Charles,  and  fourthly 
William  Abbot  of  Hartland,  who  died  in  1570. 

Thomas  Mohun,  son  of  Thomas  and  Agnes,  married  Joan 
daughter  of  William  Kedley  (or  Ridley)  alias  Pointer,  and 
had  issue  : — 

Thomas,  heir  to  his  father. 

Charles,  who  died  without  issue. 

Eleanor,  married  firstly  to  Thomas  Harris  and  secondly 

to  William  Grafton. 
Joan,  married  firstly  to  Richard  Edgcumbe,  secondly  to 
Christopher  Wolridge,  thirdly  to  Erasmus  Drewe, 
and  fourthly  to  Alexander  Maine. 
Denise,  married  firstly  to  Ralph  Taylor  and  secondly 

to  John  Eliot. 
Dorothy,  married  to  William  Carden. 
Anne. 

Thomas  Mohun,  son  of  Thomas  and  Joan,  living  in 
1620,  married  firstly  Grace,  daughter  of  Richard  Singleton 
of  Truro,  and  by  her  had  issue  : — 

Thomas,  born  about  1600.     He  had  a  son  Reynold, 

who  was  baptized  in  August  1628. 
William,  born  about  1607. 
Peter,  of  Cheriton   Fitzpaine,  born  about    1609,  and 

died  in  1654,  when  his  wife  Joan  was  living. 
Frances,  born  about  1598,  married  in   May  t6i6  to 

William  Moore.     She  died  in  1671. 
Denise,  born  about  1604. 
He  married  secondly,  in  October  1614,  Joan  daughter  of 
John  Harris  and  had  issue  : — 

Ellis,  baptized  on  the  6th  of  August  1615. 

Edward,  born  about  1617. 

John,  baptized  on  the  26th  of  April  1621. 

Richard,  baptized  on  the  30th  of  April  1628. 

Grace,  baptized  on  the  28  th  of  September  1616,  buried 

in  April  following. 
Alice,  baptized  on  the  19th  of  December  161 8. 
Elizabeth,  baptized  on  the  19th  of  March  1623. 


APP.  A.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         497 

Some  Mohuns,  not  placed. 

There  are  occasional  notices  of  persons  bearing  the  name 
of  Mohun  who  cannot  with  certainty  be  placed  in  the 
pedigree  of  any  particular  branch  of  the  family.  The 
following  list,  arranged  locally,  is  not  of  course  complete  : — 

Watch ET,  co.  Somerset,  seven  miles  from  Dunster. 
Circa  1230,  John  son  of  Richard  de  Moyon.  ^ 

FiFEHEAD,  CO.  Dorset,  five  miles  from  Ham  Mohun. 
1268  and  1277,  William  son  of  Richard  de  Mohun.  ^ 
1346,  John,  son  of  Richard,  son  of  William  de  Mohun.  ^ 

Adbeer,  CO.  Somerset,  on  the  border  of  Dorset,  some 
fourteen  miles  from  Fifehead.  1274,  William  de  Mohun.* 
1299,  Isabel  late  the  wife  of  Richard  de  Mohun.  ^  I303> 
Geoffrey  de  Mohun."  1307,  Geoffrey  de  Mohun  and 
Nicholas  de  Mohun.  ^  131 1>  Geoffrey  de  Mohun  and 
Margaret  his  wife,  and  Nicholas  his  brother,  in  an  entail.  ^ 

East  Camel,  co.  Somerset,  three  miles  from  Adbeer. 
13 13,  Geoffrey  de  Mohun  and  Margaret  his  wife.  ^ 

West  Camel,  adjoining.  1286,  Andrew,  Geoffrey, 
Richard,  Arnald,  John  and  Thomas  de  Moun.  ^^ 

WiNTERBouRNE,  CO.  Glouc.     1 3 1 6,  Gcoffrey  de  Mohun.  " 

Carhampton,  CO.  Somerset,  adjoining  Dunster.  13 13, 
William  de  Mohun.  ^^     1704,  Margaret  Mohun,  spinster.  ^^ 

PusLiNCH,  CO.  Devon.  1428,  William  Mohun.  ^*  i47i> 
William  Mohun  died,  leaving  two  daughters.  ^^ 

Retford,  co.  Nottingham.      13 10,  William  de  Mohun.  ^^ 

RousTON,  CO.  Lincoln.      1305,  Richard  de  Mohun.  '^ 

1274,  Robert  de  Mohun,  a  monk  of  Croyland.  ^^ 

1288, 1293,  John  de  Mohun,  a  Knight  Templar.  ^^ 

'  D.C.M.  XXXII.  2.  13  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  i. 

*  Assize  Rolls,  no.  202,  m.  13  ;  no.      p.  7y. 

1236,  m.  Id.  14  Feudal  Aids,  vol.  i.  p.  494. 

^  Placita  de  Banco,  no.  348,  ni.  170.  '^  jnq.  post   mortem,    11    Edw.    IV 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  Edw.  I.  2  (7).       no.  33  ;  Pole's  Collections,  p.  306. 

»  Assize  Roll,  no.  1315,  m.  20.  '^Calendar    of  Patent  Rolls,    1307- 

^  Feudal  Aids,  vol.  iv.  pp.  316,  338.  1  ^i  7,  p.  298. 

^  Assize  Roll,  no.  1336,  m.  3.  ^  ^'' Ibid.  1301-1307,  p.  360. 

8  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset,  4  Edw.  II.  >«  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1272-1270 

»  Assize  Roll,  no.  1357,  m.  I9(/.  p.  117.                                                        ' 

'0  Assize  Roll,  no.  1273,  m.  24^.  is  Ibid.  i2SS-i2g6,  pp.  289,  339  ;  Cal- 

"  Feudal  Aids,  vol.  ii.  p.  269.  endar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1202-1  wi   p  41 

'^  D.C.M.  xvii.  I.  7      .^     )  t-  T  • 


APPENDIX  B. 

The  Arms  and  Seals  of  the  Mohuns. 


Although  various  charters  of  the  early  lords  of  Dunster 
have  been  printed,  most  of  them  are  known  only  from 
medieval  transcripts  ;  none  are  authenticated  by  their  original 
seals,  which  would  presumably  have  been  of  the  equestrian 
type.  There  is  even  some  uncertainty  as  to  the  arms  borne 
by  the  Mohuns  in  the  early  part  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
The  important  heraldic  document  known  as  '  Glover's 
Roll,'  dating  from  the  period  between  1240  and  1245, 
credits  Reynold  de  Mohun  with  a  very  simple  bearing  : — 
Gules  a  maunch  argent.  On  the  other  hand  the  Register  of 
Newenham  Abbey  states  that  the  arms  of  the  founder,  this 
Reynold,  were  : — 

"  De  goules  les  escu  ove  la  manche  dargent  ermyne  e  en  la  mayn  de 
argent  une  floret e  de  or.  "  ' 

In  modern  heraldic  language,  the  arms  of  the  Mohuns  of 
Dunster,  in  the  second  half  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and 
of  some  cadet  branches  of  the  family  may  be  blazoned  as: — 
Gules  a  dexter  arm  habited  with  a  maunch  ermine.^  the  hand 
argent  holding  a  fleur-de-lys  or. 

To  account  for  the  supposed  addition  of  the  hand  and 
fleur-de-lys  to  the  original  bearing  of  a  plain  maunch,  two 
ingenious  theories  have  been  put  forward,  one  in  the  four- 
teenth century,  the  other  in  the  nineteenth.  According  to 
Walter  de  la  Hou,  Abbot  of  Newenham,  Reynold  de  Mohun 
added  a  fleur-de-lys  to  his  arms,  in  allusion  to  a  golden  rose 
given  to  him  by  the  Pope.  ^  The  connexion  between  these 
two  flowers  is  not,  however,  obvious.     The  modern  theory 

'  Arundel  MS.  17,  f.  38^.  »  See  above,  p.  23. 


SEALS    1-3. 


Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun 
d.    1258. 


John  de  Mohun. 


Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun. 
d.  1258. 


APP.  B.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         499 

is  even  less  tenable.  We  are  gravely  told  that  "  the  fleur- 
de-lys  was  added  either  by  John  de  Mohun  or  his  son, 
after  the  marriage  of  the  former  with  the  heiress  Joan  de 
Aguylon,  when  the  bearing  of  her  family  was  combined 
with  the  Mohun  maunch.  "  ^  In  refutation  of  this,  it  is 
sufficient  to  observe  that  the  fleur-de-lys  was  unquestionably 
borne  by  Reynold  de  Mohun,  the  father  of  John,  and  that 
"  the  heiress  Joan  "  did  not  marry  Robert  Aguylon  until 
after  the  death  of  her  first  husband,  John  de  Mohun. 

There  are  extant  impressions  of  two  different  seals  of 
Reynold  de  Mohun  the  Second,  mentioned  above.  One  of 
these,  attached  to  an  undated  charter,  bears  the  device  of  a 
sinister  arm,  the  hand  holding  a  fleur-de-lys.  The  legend, 
almost  illegible  in  parts,  seems  to  be  : — "  [nulla]  sunt  que 
MALO  [tenere.]  "  (No.  i).  ^  The  deed  is  clearly  anterior 
to  1258,  and  the  use  of  black-letter  minuscules  on  a  seal  of 
this  early  date  is  remarkable.  The  other  seal  is  strictly 
heraldic,  a  right  hand  holding  a  fleur-de-lys  and  issuing  out 
of  a  maunch  being  placed  on  a  well-shaped  shield.  The 
legend,  boldly  cut,  is: — "  sigill.  reginaldi  de  moun.  " 
(No.  2). ' 

The  Register  of  Newenham  Abbey  states  that  William 
de  Mohun,  brother  of  the  founder,  Reynold,  bore  for 
arms  : — 

*'  Les  escu  de  goules  o'^e  la  manche  de  argent  ermyne  e  croizeles.  "  * 

This  certainly  confirms  the  idea  that  there  was  no  fleur- 
de-lys  or  hand  on  the  shield  of  his  father.  If,  however, 
these  charges  were  added  to  it  by  his  brother,  it  is  difficult 
to  account  for  their  presence  in  the  shield  of  the  Mohuns 
of  Ham  Mohun,  who  descended  from  his  great-uncle. 

Sir  William  de  Mohun,  son  of  Reynold  de  Mohun  by 
his  second  wife,  bore  : — Gules  a  maunch  argent  with  a  label 
azure.  ^  Unless  the  label  were  placed  upon  the  maunch, 
there  was  colour  upon  colour,  in  violation  of  the  rule 
generally  followed.     The  grandson  of  this  Sir  William  de 

'  Hutchins's  i//5/on' o/Dorsfc'/,  vol.  i.  another    impression    in    Mr.   Bloom's 

p.  272  ;  Planche's  Pursuivant  of  Arms,  List  of  the  Charters  of  Lord  Willoughby 

p.  169.  de  Broke. 

-  D.C.M.  XXVI.  I.  "  Arundel  MS.  17,  f.  38rf. 

^  D.C.M.  XXVI.  I.     There  is  an  en-  ^  Arcluvologia,  vol.  xxxi.\.  p.  423. 
larged  photographic  reproduction  of 


500         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  b. 

Mohun,  who  died  in  1394  without  issue,  is  said  to  have 
bequeathed  his  mother's  property  to  his  half-brother,  John 
Carew,  with  an  injunction  to  quarter  her  arms.  The  Mohun 
maunch  on  the  shield  of  the  Carews  of  Ottery  Mohun 
consequently  represents  succession  to  an  inheritance,  without 
relationship  in  blood.  ^ 

The  third  seal  figured  opposite  is  that  of  John  son  of 
Richard  de  Moyon,  who  had  land  at  Watchet  in  the  early 
part  of  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Third.  His  exact  relation- 
ship to  the  lord  of  Dunster  is  not  known.  The  seal  bears 
the  device  of  an  eagle  displayed,  and  the  legend  around  it  is 
simply  : — "  sic.  johis  filii  ricardi.  "  ^ 

Eleanor  wife  of  Sir  William  Martin,  and  relict  of  the 
Sir  John  de  Mohun  of  Dunster  who  died  in  1279,  had  a 
seal  showing  three  shields  : — two  bars  and  a  label,  for 
Martin ;  a  hand  issuing  from  a  maunch  and  holding  a  fleur- 
de-lys,  for  Mohun  ;  and  three  lions  rampant,  for  Fitzpiers.  ^ 

For  some  reason  entirely  unknown,  her  eldest  son,  Sir 
John  de  Mohun,  lord  of  Dunster,  abandoned  the  paternal 
arms  and  adopted  a  different  shield.  The  Register  of 
Newenham  Abbey  says  of  him  : — 

"  The  same  John  de  Moun  the  Third  changed  the  ancient 
arms  of  those  who  were  wont  to  bear  an  ermined  maunch. 
This  John  the  Third  bore  a  golden  shield  with  a  black 
cross  engrailed.  "  * 

The  change  must  have  been  made  at  a  fairly  early  period 
of  his  life.  In  the  list  of  English  knights  who  were  at  the 
siege  of  Carlaverock  Castle,  in  1300,  we  read  : — 

"  jfaune  0  crois  noire  engrelee 
La  portoit  John  de  Mooun."  ^ 

Another  roll,  somewhat  later  gives  his  arms  as  : — "  De  or 
a  une  crois  engrele  de  sableT  ^  The  seal  of  this  John  de 
Mohun,  attached  to  the  famous  letter  of  the  English  earls 
and  barons  to  Pope  Boniface  the  Eighth  gives  his  new 
shield,  with  a  lion  on  either  side  and  an  eagle  above.  The 
legend  around  is  : — "  s.  johanis  de  moun.  "  (No.  4.)  ' 

*  r/ic  i4  Hces^or,  vol.  V.  p.  44.  *  Nicolas's  SzVy^e  o/Car/at'crocfc. 

*  D.C.M.  XXXII.  2.  ^  Palgrave's   Parliamentary    Writs, 

*  Nicolas's  Sicfic  of  Carlaverock,  p.       vol.  i.  p.  410. 

159.  ^  There  is  a  photographic  reproduc- 

*  Archceological  Journal,  vol.  xxxvii.  tion  of  it  in  The  Ancestor,  vol.  vii.  p.  251. 
p.  89. 


SEALS   4-7. 


Sir  John  de  Moluiii. 
d.   1330. 


Sir  John  de  Mohun. 
d.  1375- 


6. 
Joan,  Lady  de  Mohun. 
d.   1404. 


Philippa,  Lady  Fitzwalter. 
d.  1431. 


APP.  B.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  501 

The  Augustinian  Priory  of  Bruton  and  the  Cistercian 
Abbey  of  Newenham  alike  followed  the  example  of  Sir 
John  de  Mohan  by  taking  for  their  arms  : — Or  a  cross 
engrailed  sal?Ie.  ^  Nevertheless  the  ancient  arms  of  Mohun 
are  still  visible  on  the  parapet  of  Axminster  Church,  close 
to  the  ruins  of  Newenham,  and  there  is  a  quaint  version  of 
them  on  a  bell  cast  for  Bruton  Church  shortly  before  the 
expulsion  of  the  canons  in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Eighth.  "^ 

Sir  John  de  Mohun  the  Fourth,  who  died  in  the  lifetime 
of  his  father,  bore  at  the  battle  of  Boroughbridge  in  1322, 
a  shield  thus  blazoned  : — 

"  Dor  ove  j  croiz  engrele  de  sable  ovec  j  label  de  gul.  "  ^ 

Sir  John  de  Mohun  the  Fifth  and  last  bore  on  his  seal  a 
cross  which  might  be  described  as  *  lozengy.'      The  legend 

is   : "  SIGILLUM     JOHANNIS     DE     MOUN.   "      (No.     5.)  *       The 

receipt  given  by  his  relict  to  Lady  Luttrell,  the  purchaser 
of  the  Castle  of  Dunster  and  all  that  went  with  it,  bears 
a  seal  showing  the  arms  of  Mohun  and  Burghersh,  impaled 
in  the  old  manner  by  being  placed  side  by  side  on  separate 
shields.  The  legend  is  : — "  s.  johanne  de  moun.  "  (No.  6.)  ''^ 
In  a  register  of  Christ  Church,  Canterbury,  preserved  in  the 
British  Museum,  the  arms  of  this  lady  are  given  on  a 
quarterly  shield,  those  of  Mohun  occupying  the  first  and 
fourth  places,  and  those  of  Burghersh  the  second  and  third, 
contrary  to  modern  practice.  ^  Her  arms  and  those  of  her 
nearest  relations  are  to  be  seen  at  Canterbury. 

Lady  FitzWalter,  afterwards  Duchess  of  York,  daughter 
and  coheiress  of  the  last  Mohun  of  Dunster,  used  a  seal  on 
which  the  arms  of  her  husband  are  impaled  with  her  own 
in  modern  style,  save  that  they  are  on  a  shield  instead  of  a 
lozenge.  The  legend  is  : — "  sigillum  philipp[e  l]e  ffitz 
WAUTER.  "  (No.  7.)  ^  The  arms  of  Mohun,  Fitz  Walter, 
Golafre  and  Plantagenet  are  to  be  seen  on  her  monument 
in  Westminster  Abbey. 

The  Mohuns  of  Ham  Mohun,  who  branched  off  from 
the  Mohuns  of  Dunster  as  far  back  as  the  twelfth  century, 

'  There  are  rough  woodcuts  of  the  vol.  ii.  part  2,  p.  198. 
seals  of  three  Abbots  of  Newenham  in  *  D.C.M.  xxiv.  i. 

T>^v\A'son'?,History  of  Newenham  Abbey.  ^  Page  53  above. 

'  Eilacombc's  Church  Bells,  pi.  iv.  ^  Arundel  MS.  68,  f.  59. 

^  Palgrave's   Parliamentary    Writs,  '  D.C.M.  xvii.  i. 


502         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  b. 

bore  arms  very  similar  to  those  of  the  parent  stock,  but 
with  the  tinctures  reversed,  that  is  to  say  Ermine  a  dexter 
arm  habited  in  a  maunch  gules^  the  hand  proper  holding  a 
fleur-de-lys  or.  These  arms  were  quartered  by  their 
descendants,  the  Trenchards  of  Wolveton.  ^ 

Among  the  different  families  that  claimed  descent  from 
the  Sir  John  de  Mohun  of  Dunster  who  discarded  the 
maunch  in  favour  of  the  cross  there  was  no  uniformity  in 
the  matter  of  armorial  bearings. 

A  seal  of  Maximilian  Mohun  of  Fleet,  affixed  to  a  docu- 
ment of  the  year  1599,  shows  the  maunch  within  a  bordure 
charged  with  crosses.  ^  The  normal  arms  of  his  family, 
however,  were  gules  a  dexter  arm  habited  in  a  maunch 
ermine^  the  hand  proper  holding  a  fleur-de-lys  or,  within  a 
bordure  argent^  with  a  crescent  of  the  same  on  the  field. 
These  arms  are  to  be  seen  in  Fleet  Church  impaled  with 
those  of  Hyde,  on  the  brass  in  memory  of  Margaret  Mohun, 
who  died  in  1603.  The  same  arms,  quartered  with  those 
of  Hyde  and  impaled  with  those  of  Churchill,  are  on  the 
brass  in  memory  of  her  son,  Maximilian  Mohun,  mentioned 
above.  They  are  duly  entered,  with  a  maunch  for  crest,  in 
the  Heralds'  Visitation  of  Dorset.  In  the  chapel  at  Lytescary 
in  Somerset,  the  arms  of  Lyte,  gules  a  chevron  between  three 
swans  argenty  are  impaled  with  those  of  Mohun  of  Fleet. 
The  last  surviving  member  of  the  family,  Judith  Worral, 
had  a  cornelian  seal  (now  in  my  possession)  showing  her 
paternal  arms  on  an  inescutcheon. 

The  Mohuns  of  Tavistock,  who  claimed  descent  from 
Lawrence  the  son  of  Sir  John  de  Mohun  of  Dunster,  bore 
for  arms.  Or  a  cross  engrailed  sable^  with  a  mullet  as  a  mark 
of  cadency.  ^ 

Sir  Reynold  de  Mohun,  the  founder  of  the  Cornish 
branch  of  the  family  is  described  as  bearing  the  ancient 
arms  : — "  de  goules  ove  une  maunche  d'ermyn  "  about  the 
year  1337,  that  is  to  say  after  the  death  of  his  father  who 
had  abandoned  them.  *  His  descendants,  however,  the 
Mohuns  of  Hall  and  Boconnoc,  bore  the  engrailed  cross, 

'  Two  Tudor  Books  of  Arms  (ed.  Fos-  p.  555. 

ter),  p.  163  ;  Hutchins's  History  of  Dor-  *  Visitation  of  Devon, 

set,  vol.  ii.  pp.  547-551.  *  Collectanea  Topof^raphicact  Genea- 

*  Municipal   Records  of  Dorchester,  logica,  vol.  ii.  p.  326. 


APP.  B.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  503 

and  used  the  maunch  as  a  crest  only.  In  the  church  of 
Lanteglos  by  Fowey  there  is  a  great  display  of  Mohun 
heraldry,  mostly  dating  from  the  reign  of  James  the  First. 
One  of  the  shields  has  fourteen  quarterings  : — Mohun, 
Briwere,  Fleming,  Marshal,  Clare,  Macmurrough,  Giffard, 
FitzWilliam,  Courtenay,  Redvers,  Carminow,  Horsey, 
Turges  and  Maubank.  ^ 

The  Mohuns  of  Aldenham  in  Hertfordshire,  although 
perhaps  descended  from  the  Mohuns  of  Cornwall,  bore 
the  ermine  maunch  with  the  hand  and  the  fleur-de-lys. 
The  same  arms  are  also  registered  in  the  office  of  Ulster 
King  of  Arms. 

Some  Moones,  Mounes,  and  Moynes  are  credited  in  Burke's 
General  Armory  with  a  maunch,  and  others  with  a  cross 
engrailed,  but  they  are  not  definitely  located,  and  their  right 
to  either  bearing  is  open  to  question.  So  far  as  is  known, 
no  cadet  branch  of  the  baronial  family  which  once  owned 
Moyon  in  Normandy  and  Dunster  in  Somerset  survived 
the  eighteenth  century. 

'  Hamilton  Rogers,  Sepulchral  Effigies,  pp.  1 15-120. 


APPENDIX    C. 

The  Luttrells  of  Irnham  in  Lincolnshire. 


Sir  GeoFFREY  Luttrell,  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Andrew, 
was  born  before  the  year  1235.^  From  his  father  he  re- 
ceived a  grant  of  the  manor  of  Hooton  Paynell,  presumably 
at  the  time  of  his  marriage,  and,  in  1254,  he  obtained  royal 
sanction  for  a  market  and  fair  there.  ^  Soon  after  the  battle 
of  Lewes  in  1264,  he  was  one  of  the  knights  entrusted 
with  the  defence  of  Windsor  Castle.  ^  On  the  death  of  his 
father  in  the  following  year,  he  did  homage  to  the  King  for 
lands  held  in  chief  then  descending  to  him,  apparently  the 
manor  of  Irnham,  the  original  Luttrell  estate  in  Notting- 
hamshire being  on  a  different  footing.  ^  Soon  after  this, 
however,  he  became  incapable  of  managing  his  own  affairs. 
In  March  1266  therefore,  the  care  of  him  was  committed  to 
his  brother  Alexander,  and  that  of  his  children  to  their 
maternal  grandfather,  William  de  Grey.  ^  Alexander  Lut- 
trell is  stated  to  have  treated  him  well  and  to  have  paid 
most  of  the  debts  that  he  had  contracted.  '^  He  died  in  or 
before  February  1270.  ^  He  had  issue,  with  two  daughters, 
whose  names  are  not  recorded,  two  sons,  Robert  and 
Andrew.  ^ 

Sir  Robert  Luttrell,  his  successor,  was  under  age  in 
1276.  ^  In  the  following  year,  however,  he  was  summoned 
to  do  military  service  in  Scotland,  and   he  was  afterwards 

1  Calendar    of  Inquisitions,   vol.    i.  p.  425. 

pp.  192,  195.  *  Patent  Roll,  50  Hen.  III.  m.  25. 

«  Calendar  of  Patent    Rolls,    1247-  «  Ibid.  54  Hen.  III.  m.  8. 

12^S,  p.  324.  ^  Close  Roll,  54  Hen.  III. 

^  Patent  Roll,  48  Hen.  III.  part,  i,  "  Inq.  post  mortem,  25  Edw.  I.  no.51. 

mm.  II,  10,  9.  '  Rotiili  Hnndredoritm,  vol.  i.  p.  109. 

*  Excerpta  e  Rotulis  Finiuni,  vol.  ii. 


APP.  c.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         505 

required  to  take  part  in  other  expeditions/  In  1295,  he 
received  writs  of  summons  to  two  Parliaments.  ^  If  there 
were  any  proof  of  his  attendance — and  there  is  no  reason  to 
suppose  that  he  did  not  attend — his  heir  general  in  the 
twentieth  century  might  claim  the  title  of  *  Lord  Luttrell. '  ^ 
Although  Sir  Robert  Luttrell  held  the  Paynell  inheritance 
by  barony,  it  is  remarkable  to  find  him  described,  in  1285, 
as  '  Baro  de  Luterell.  '*  He  died  in  or  before  June  1297.  ^ 
Joan  his  relict  was  in  possession  of  some  of  his  property  in 
Nottinghamshire  as  late  as  1316.'^  He  had  issue  at  least 
three  sons  and  four  daughters  : — 
Geoffrey,  heir  to  his  father. 

Guy,  who  married  a  wife  named  Margaret,  and  had 
issue  John,  Robert,  Guy,  Thomas,  Joan,  and  Eliza- 
beth. 
Andrew,  rector  of  Bridgeford  in  1323.^     He  must  not 
be  confounded  with  his  contemporary  Andrew  Lut- 
trell, burgess  of  Nottingham,  who  had  a  wife  named 
Joan.  ^     John  Luttrell,  a  theologian   of  some   note. 
Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford  in  131 7,  is 
known  to  have  been  a  bastard.  ^ 
Margery,  a  Cistercian  nun  at  Hampole   in  Yorkshire. 
Lucy,  a  nun  at  the  same  place. 
Aubrey. 
Elizabeth.  '^ 

Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell,  born  in  1276,  succeeded  his 
father,  Sir  Robert,  in  1297.^^  In  the  course  of  the  next 
twenty-five  years,  he  received  numerous  writs  calling  him 
to  do  military  service,  but  he  was  never  summoned  to 
Parliament.  ^^    The  explanation  of  this  must  be  left  to  those 

*  Palgrave's    Parliamentary   Writs,  ^  Stevenson's  Records  of  Nottiiigliain, 
voL  i.  p.  719.  vol.  i.  pp.  380,  384,  388,  400,  401.  John 

*  Ibid.  pp.  29,  31,  35.  Luttrell  of  Nottingham  may  have  been 

*  Palmer's  Peerage  Law  in  England,  their  son.     Ibid.  pp.  170,  369,  407. 

p.  38.  9  Calendar  of  Papal  Letters,  vol.   i. 

*  Kirkby's  Inquest  (Surtees  Society),  p.  616  ;    Dictionary  of  National  Bio- 
p.  23.  gf^pf'y,  vol.  xxxiv.  p.  296. 

*  Inq.    post    mortem,    25    Edw.    I.  ^'' Vettista  Mouuinenta,  \o\.vi.  p.  ^. 
no.  35.  1'  Inq.  post  mortem,  25  Edw,  I.  no. 

*  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  12(^7-1302,  35  ;  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1296-1302, 
p.  64  ;  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1313-  p.  70. 

'5'^7)P-37o  l^''"^^^^-^''^^,  vol.  iv.  p.  104.  '^Palgrave's   Parliamentary    Writs, 

'  Heralds'   College   MS.   Picture  of      vol.  ii.  pp.  1 127,  1128. 
Our  Lady,  f.  776. 


m 


5o6         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

who  hold  that  medieval  peerages  were  strictly  hereditary. 
Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell  married  Agnes  daughter  of  Sir  Richard 
of  Sutton.  In  131 8,  after  she  had  borne  him  several  children, 
the  manor  of  Irnham  was  settled  upon  him  and  her  for  their 
lives,  so  that  she  would  have  enjoyed  it  if  she  had  survived 
her  husband.  ^  Many  years  later,  however,  it  was  found 
that  they  were  related  in  the  third  and  fourth  degrees  of 
kindred.  ^  Recourse  was  therefore  had  to  the  Pope,  who 
ordered  the  Archbishop  of  York  to  give  them  the  necessary 
dispensation  and  to  pronounce  their  children  legitimate.  ^ 
It  is  difficult  to  account  for  the  long  interval  that  elapsed 
between  the  issue  of  the  papal  bull  and  that  of  the  final 
document,  in  January  1334.* 

Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell  is  chiefly  to  be  remembered  as  the 
person  who  caused  the  preparation  of  the  Luttrell  Psalter, 
justly  famous  for  its  illustrations  of  social  life  in  the  middle 
of  the  fourteenth  century.  He  himself  figures  in  two  of 
the  illuminations.  In  one  of  these  he  is  represented  on 
horseback,  preparing  for  a  tournament,  with  the  assistance  of 
his  wife  and  his  daughter-in-law,  Beatrice  Luttrell,  all  three 
resplendent  in  heraldic  attire.  In  the  other,  he  is  shown 
seated  at  the  high  table  of  his  hall,  in  company  with  his 
wife,  three  other  members  of  his  household,  and  two  Black 
Friars.  The  preparation  of  his  dinner  in  the  kitchen  is 
admirably  depicted  in  the  margin  of  the  adjoining  page. 
Chivalry,  sports,  domestic  scenes  and  husbandry  are  alike 
illustrated  in  the  pages  of  this  precious  manuscript.  ^ 

Lady  Luttrell  died  in  June  1339  °'*  i340-*  ^^•'  husband, 
surviving,  made  a  will  on  the  3rd  of  April  1345,  a  few 
weeks  before  his  own  death,  bequeathing  various  sums  of 
money  to  no  less  than  sixteen  of  his  relations,  some  of  them 
members  of  religious  communities,  to  his  chaplain,  his 
confessor,   his  chief  esquire,   his  chamberlain,   his  gentle- 

'  Calendar   of  Patent   Rolls,    1317-  some  of  the  subjects  have  been  repro- 

1321,  p.  244.  duced   by   photographic   processes  in 

*  See  page  169  above.  various  books,  notably  in  the  illustrated 
'  Calendar  of  Papal  Letters,  vol.  ii.  edition  of  Social  England  (vol.  i.  pp. 

p.  368.  642,  649,  658,  659,  689  ;  vol.  ii.  pp.  132, 

*  Stapleton's     Holy     Trinity,     York       133,   483,   761,    785,  786,)  and   in  the 
(Archaeological  Institute),  pp.  161-163.       second  part  of  the  publications  of  the 

'■>  Six  large  plates  engraved  by  Basire  New  Paleographical  Society, 

accompany  Kokevvode's  account  of  the  **  Inq.   post   mortem,    19  Edw.   III. 

Luttrell    Psalter    printed    in    Vetusta  no.  48. 
Monumenta,  vol.  vi.     In  recent  years, 


APP.  c.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         507 

women  and  others.  The  largest  bequests  were,  however, 
those  to  works  of  religion  and  charity.  His  funeral  at 
Irnham  was  to  be  conducted  on  a  very  sumptuous  scale. 
Wax  candles  to  the  value  of  20/.  were  to  burn  around  his 
corpse.  Twenty  quarters  of  wheat  and  twenty  of  malt,  and 
wine,  spices  and  other  condiments  to  the  value  of  20/.  were 
to  be  provided  for  friends  attending  the  service.  A  sum  of 
no  less  than  200/.  was  to  be  distributed  among  the  poor,  in 
three  instalments  within  a  month.  The  beggars  of  the 
parish  were  also  to  have  forty  quarters  of  wheat,  and  on  the 
anniversary  a  further  sum  of  20/.  was  to  be  given  to  the 
poor  praying  for  him.  For  the  first  five  years  after  his 
death,  twenty  chaplains  were  to  say  masses  for  his  soul  in 
the  church  of  Irnham,  dividing  between  them  a  hundred 
marks  a  year.  ^ 

Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell   died  on  the   23rd  of  May   1345, 
and  was  buried  at  Irnham,  where  a  large  canopied  monument, 
elaborately  carved  in  stone,  shows  the  arms  of  Luttrell  and 
Sutton.  ^     He  had  issue  four  sons  and  two  daughters  : — 
Robert  (i),  living  in  13 18,  but  dead  in  1320.^ 
Andrew,  heir  to  his  father. 

Geoffrey,  espoused  when  a  mere  child  to  Constance 
daughter  of  Sir  Geoffrey  Scrope,  sister  of  his  elder 
brother's  wife.  * 
Robert  (2),  a  Knight  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  John  of 

Jerusalem. 
Isabel,  a  Gilbertine  nun.  ^ 

Elizabeth,  probably  the  eldest  of  the  children.  Having 
been  placed  in  the  household  of  Sir  Walter  and  Lady 
Gloucester,  she  was  '  abducted  '  by  a  clerk  named 
John  of  EUerker,  in  or  before  the  year  1309. 
Considering  her  tender  age  at  the  time,  it  is  not 
likely  that  she  eloped  with  him.  Nevertheless  it 
seems  clear  that  he  had  matrimonial  intentions  with 
regard  to  her,  and  quite  possible  that  he  contrived 
to  go  through  the  ceremony  of  espousal  with  her. 
The  affair  naturally  created  a  stir  at  the  time,  and  it 

'  Vetusta  Monumenta.  152/,  pp.  244,  424. 
'Inq.postmortem.19Edw.III.no.  ^  Thoroton's    Antiquities     of    Not- 

48  ;  Stapleton,  p.  167.  tinghamshire,  vol.  i.  p.  1 19. 

'  Calendar   of  Patent    Rolls,    1317-  ^  Vetusta  Moiiuiuciita,\'o\.  \\.  p.  S- 


5o8  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

was  only  through  the  intervention  of  the  Bishop  of 
Chichester,  Chancellor  of  England,  that  the  hostile 
parties  were  reconciled.  By  a  document  dated  at 
Westminster  on  the  last  day  of  June  1309,  Ellerker 
undertook  that  he  would  not  claim  Elizabeth  as  his 
wife  in  the  ecclesiastical  court  or  make  any  future 
attempt  to  recover  possession  of  her,  binding  himself 
by  a  solemn  oath  and  giving  a  bond  for  no  less  than 
1,000/.  ^  Some  weeks  later,  Hugh  le  Despencer 
obtained  for  him  a  formal  pardon  under  the  Great 
Seal  of  England.  ^  The  girl  eventually  married 
Walter  son  of  Sir  Walter  Gloucester,  who  is  de- 
scribed as  a  minor  as  late  as  the  year  1313.  ^ 

Sir  Andrew  Luttrell,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Geoffrey,  was 
about  thirty-two  years  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death  in 
1345.  Being  then  in  Gascony,  he  received  respite  from 
the  necessity  of  doing  homage  to  the  King  for  his  lands 
held  in  chief.  *  Later  on,  he  did  the  military  service  exacted 
from  persons  of  his  class.  In  1362,  he  granted  the  manors 
of  Bescaby  and  Saltby  in  Leicestershire  to  the  Abbot  and 
Convent  of  Croxton,  on  condition  that  they  should  provide 
two  chaplains  to  pray  for  him  and  for  Henry,  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  deceased.^  Dying  in  September  1390,  he  was 
buried  at  Irnham,  where  there  is  a  very  fine  brass  in  memory 
of  him,  bearing  the  following  inscription  : — 

''  l^tc  jacet  ®.nbred6  feouttereffus  nttfeg,  bomtnue  be 
3rn^<xin,  (\m  o6tit  t?r.  bie  ^cpicm^xiB  anno  ©omini 
miffeBtmo  CCC"  nona^mmo,  cnim  iXnimt  ptopiiittux 

While  a  mere  child,  in  or  before  1320,  Andrew  Luttrell 
was  espoused  to  Beatrice  daughter  of  Sir  Geoffrey  Scrope, 
afterwards  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  and  in  due 
course  he  married  her.  ^  At  the  time  of  the  Jubilee  of 
1350,  Lady  Luttrell  had   licence  to  go  on  pilgrimage  to 

'  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1307-1313,  vol.  ix.  p.  222. 

p.  160.  *  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1343-1346, 

■  Calendar  of  Patent    Rolls,    1307-  p.  540. 

1313,  p.  181.  *  Inq.  ad  quod  damnum,  file  349, 

3  Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1323-1327,  no.  8. 

p.  162  ;  Lincolnshire  Notes  and  Queries,  ®  Thoroton. 


y^uacrt  ilTitoas  fouttf  Hm\Iefi  jusrs^  mhm  ^mobxjt  V 


SIR  ANDREW  LUTTRELL. 


App.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         509 

Rome,  accompanied  by  a  maid,  a  chaplain,  a  yeoman  and  a 
groom.  ^  In  1362,  Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  married  a  second 
wife,  Hawis  daughter  of  Sir  Philip  le  Despencer,  who 
died  in  or  before  1414,  having  borne  him  a  son  of  his  own 
name.  ^ 

Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  the  younger  was  knighted  during 
the  lifetime  of  his  father.^  When  he  succeeded  to  his 
property,  he  was  upwards  of  twenty-six  years  of  age.  ^  Very 
little  is  lyiown  about  him  beyond  the  fact  that  he  married 
Joan  daughter  of  Henry  Tailebois.  ^  He  died  on  the  last 
day  of  December  1397,  leaving  issue  two  children  under 
age,  Geoffrey  and  Hawis.  ^ 

Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Andrew,  was 
about  thirteen  years  old  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death. 
His  wardship  was  granted  by  the  King  firstly  to  Oliver  of 
Stoneley  and  secondly  to  Sir  Henry  Green.  ^  In  due  course 
he  married  Mary  daughter  of  the  latter,  but  she  bore  him 
no  children.  In  141 1,  he  was  denounced  as  a  disturber  of 
the  peace  in  Lincolnshire  and  an  associate  of  his  relation. 
Sir  Walter  Tailebois,  who  had  lately  come  into  the  cathedral 
city  with  about  a  hundred  and  sixty  armed  horsemen  in 
quest  of  Sir  Thomas  Chaworth.  If  the  charges  brought 
against  this  couple  were  well  founded,  they  got  off  easily  by 
giving  security  for  3,000/.  that  they  would  not  harm  the 
mayor  or  citizens.^  In  141 7,  Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell  took 
part  in  an  honourable  campaign,  fighting  in  France  under 
his  distant  cousin.  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  of  Dunster,  who 
nominally  held  the  manor  of  East  Quantockshead  under 
him  by  military  service.  ^ 

By  the  death  of  Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell  in  the  first  week  of 
January  141 9,  the  male  line  of  Luttrells  became  extinct. 
Hawis,  his  sister,  relict  of  Sir  Thomas  Belesby,  and  wife  of 
Sir  Geoffrey  Hilton,  was  found  to  be  his  heir  and  about 
twenty-six  years  of  age.  ^^ 

'  Calendar   of  Patent   Rolls,    1349-  1381,  p.  318. 

^554)     P-     272;     Chronicon     Hcnrici  ^  Inq.  post  mortem,  21  Ric.  II.  no.  37. 

Knighton,  vol.  i.  p.  67.  '  Inq.  postmortem,  I  Hen.  IV.no. 27. 

^  Inq.  post  mortem,  14  Ric.  II.  no.  ^  Calendar  of  Patent    Rolls,    14.08- 

32  ;  2  Hen.  V.  no.  12.  14^3,  P-  317- 

^  Close  Roll,  II  Ric.  II.  '  Accounts,  Exchequer  K.R.  bundle 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  14  Ric.  II.  no.  33.  51,  no.  2. 

'>  Calendar  of  Patent    Rolls,    13"/^-  '"  Inq.  post  mortem,  14  Hen.  V.  no. 6. 


510         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

She  died  on  the  24th  of  March  1422.^  Her  second 
husband  survived  her  son  Thomas  Belesby,  and  at  his  death 
in  1459,  the  inheritance  passed  to  their  son  Godfrey  Hilton, 
who  died  in  1472.^  A  third  Godfrey  Hilton  died  in  1476, 
when  the  property  was  divided  between  his  two  sisters. ' 
Through  the  families  of  Thimelby  and  Conquest,  Irnham 
eventually  passed  by  descent  to  Maria  Christina,  Lady 
Arundell  of  Wardour/  The  representation  of  the  main  line 
of  Luttrell  is  now  vested  in  Lord  Arundell  of  Wardour  and 
Lord  Clifford  of  Chudleigh. 


The  Luttrells  of  East  Down  in  Devonshire  and 
Spaxton  in  Somerset.  ^ 

John  Luttrell,  second  son  of  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  K.B., 
has  been  mentioned  already  as  the  lessee  of  the  Priory  of 
Dunster  and  the  rectories  of  Dunster  and  Kilton,  and  also 
as  the  husband  for  a  time  of  the  relict  of  Robert  Loty  of 
Lower  Marsh.  ^  After  his  divorce  from  her,  he  married 
another  widow,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of — Reynolds,  and  relict 
of — Loghene.  By  a  will  dated  in  May  1558  and  proved 
five  months  later,  he  directed  that  he  should  be  buried  in 
the  Lady  Chapel  at  Dunster,  which  almost  adjoined  his 
residence.  ^  He  left  issue  three  sons  : — 
Hugh,  heir  to  his  father. 
George,  buried  at  Dunster  on  the  12th  of  February 

1586.     His  will  was  proved  at  Taunton. 
John,  married,  on  the   loth  of  April   1570,  Christine, 
daughter  of  Robert  Gough   of  Dunster,  clothier.  ® 
Their  only  child,  Rebecca,  baptized  in  July   1572, 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  i  Hen.  V.  no.  25  not  authenticated  by  specific  references 

B  ;  J  Hen.  VI.  no.  57.  arc   based   upon   Narcissus    Luttrell's 

'  Inq.  post  mortem,  8  Hen.  VI.  no.  MS.  and  Vivian's  Visitations  0/  Devon. 

35  ;  38  Hen.  VI.  no.  33  ;  12  Edw.  IV.  «  Pages   133,  409-4U,  413.  420-422, 

no.  30.  424,  461,  462. 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  16  Edw.  IV.  no.  '  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 
I.  B.  vi.  p.  15. 

*  Thoroton  ;  Stapleton,  p.  320.  '  Ibid.  p.  22. 
'  Genealogic.il  details  in  this  section 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  511 

lived  just  twelve  months.  John  Luttrell  was  buried 
on  the  2 1  St  of  April  1580,  whereupon  his  property 
at  Dunster,  held  in  burgage,  was  claimed  by  his  liti- 
gious cousin,  George  Luttrell  of  Dunster  Castle,  as 
an  escheat,  on  the  score  that  he  was  a  bastard.  The 
validity  of  his  father's  divorce  from  his  first  wife  may 
have  been  open  to  question,  but  the  production  of  a 
will  by  which  the  younger  John  Luttrell  bequeathed 
his  house  in  High  Street  and  an  acre  of  land  (called 
Skillacre)  to  his  brother  George,  sufficed  to  stop 
any  legal  proceedings  in  the  matter.  ^  Christine 
Luttrell  survived  her  husband  only  five  months, 
being  buried  on  the  29th  of  August. 

Hugh  Luttrell,  eldest  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Lut- 
trell, lived  at  Marshwood  in  the  parish  of  Carhampton.  ^ 
Under  his  father's  will,  he  was  to  inherit  some  plate  if  he 
married  Margaret  Loghene,  but  it  does  not  appear  that  the 
condition  was  fulfilled.  Unless  his  father  was  married  thrice, 
the  lady  thus  proposed  to  him  as  a  wife  was  his  own  half- 
sister.  On  the  ist  of  October  1565,  he  was  married  at 
East  Quantockshead  to  Philippa,  daughter  of  Robert  Opy 
of  Bodmin,  the  lessee  of  part  of  Dunster  Castle.  He  was 
buried  on  the  30th  of  April  1574,  and  his  relict  married 
Edward  Stradling.^  She  had  borne  him  two  sons  and  three 
daughters: — 

Andrew,  heir  to  his  father. 

Thomas,  died  under  age  in  1573  or  1574.  * 

Cecily,  baptized  at  East  Quantockshead  on  the  loth  of 
November  1569. 

Margaret,  married  to  Robert  Wheddon  of  Dorset. 

Honour,  married  at  St.  Bride's,  London,  on  the  24th 
of  May  1606,  to  Philip  Stanton  of  Kent. 

Andrew  Luttrell,  son  of  Hugh,  married  Susan,  daughter 
of  Richard  Ley  of  East  Down  in  Devonshire,  and  settled 
there.*     They  had  issue  five  sons  and  four  daughters  : — 
Edward,  heir  to  his  father. 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  ii,  no.  41. 

vi.  p.  16.  ■•  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol, 

^  D.C.M.  XX.  6,  II,  13.  vi.  pp.  15,  16. 

^  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  *  Chancery  Proceedings,  L.  13.  no. 68. 
vi.  p.  15 ;  Chancery  Proceedings,  Ss. 


512         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  c. 

Philip,  baptized  on  the  loth  of  June  1600. 
Andrew,  baptized  on  the  13th  of  July  1606,  and  buried 
on  the  28th  of  May  1646.     He  had  issue  : — 

Andrew,  baptized  on  the  9th  of  August  1632,  and 

buried  on  the  23rd  of  October  1670. 
Francis,  baptized  on  the  12th  of  May  1634. 
Richard,  baptized  on  the  30th  of  July  1609,  and  buried 

on  the  15th  of  April  1613. 
Hugh,  baptized  on  the  i  ith  of  January  1 6 1 8.     He  had 
issue  two  sons  : — 

Hugh,  baptized  on  the  5th  of  October  1648. 
Andrew,  baptized  on  the  30th  of  September  1651. 
Both  these  sons  were  living  in  1671,  when  Alice 
their  mother  made  a  will  which    was    proved 
in  the  same  year  at  Barnstaple. 
Margaret,  baptized  on  the  28th  of  June  1601. 
Elizabeth,  baptized  on  the  loth  of  January  1604. 
Susan,  baptized  on  the  5th  of  April  1612. 
Wilmot,  baptized  on  the  20th  of  July  1623. 

Edward  Luttrell  of  East  Down,  eldest  son  of  Andrew, 
was  baptized  on  the  8th  of  March  1599.  From  his  grand- 
father, Richard  Ley,  he  inherited  some  land  at  Winsford.  ^ 
In  February  1629,  he  married  Frances  daughter  of  Thomas 
CoUard  of  Spaxton,  clothier,  and  he  migrated  thither.^  He 
was  buried  at  Spaxton  on  the  5th  of  May  1664,  and  his 
relict  was  buried  there  on  the  13th  of  June  1670.  They 
had  issue  three  sons  and  five  daughters  : — 

Andrew,  buried  on  the  19th  of  May  1665.     His  will 

contains  a  mention  of  lands  in  Cornwall.^ 
Thomas,  baptized  on  the  9th  of  January  1630.  He 
had  issue  a  son  of  the  same  name,  mentioned  in  the 
will  of  his  grandmother  Frances  Luttrell,  dated 
1670  and  proved  at  Bridgewater  in  the  following 
year.  The  will  of  Thomas  Luttrell  of  Clevedon, 
husbandman,  dated  and  proved  in  1684,  mentions  a 
wife  Joan,  a  son  Thomas,  a  daughter  Mary,  and 
a  daughter  Prudence  Jones.  * 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,   vol.  pp.  138,  224. 

vi.  p.  22.  ^  Brown's  Sow/cr5c/s/;z>e  IF///S,  vol.  ii. 

*  Calendar  ofS.P.  Dom.  1637,  p.  467;  p.  108. 

1637-1638,   pp.   346,   435  ;    1638-1639,  *  Ibid. 


APP.  c.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  513 

Edward,  baptized  on  the  30th  of  June  1 637,  and  buried 

on  the  1 6th  of  November  1677. 
Jewell,  baptized  at  Spaxton  on  the  22nd  of  May  1631, 

and  buried  at  East  Down  on  the  9th  of  July. 
Elizabeth,  baptized  on  the  4th  of  April  1641. 
Millicent,  buried  on  the  23rd  of  February  1673. 
Joan,  baptized  on  the  30th  of  July  1 647,  married  to 

— Brice. 
Frances,  married  to  John  Bellamy. 


The  Luttrells  of  Honibere  in  Somerset  and 
Hartland  Abbey  in  Devonshire.  ^ 

Nicholas  Luttrell,  third  son  of  Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  of 

Dunster  (p.  141),  was  born  about  1532.  Some  provision 
was  made  for  him  by  his  father  and  renewed  by  his  elder 
brother.  ^  Under  the  will  of  his  mother,  who  died  in  1580, 
he  should  have  received  money  and  plate,  including  a  gilt 
cup  with  a  cover  bearing  the  arms  of  Luttrell  and  Wynd- 
ham,  but,  in  order  to  obtain  delivery,  he  had  to  bring  a 
suit  against  his  sister  Margaret  Edgcumbe  and  her  husband.  ^ 
In  1562,  he  got  from  the  Crown  a  grant  of  the  manor  of 
Honibere  in  the  parish  of  Lilstock,  concerning  which  he 
had  a  good  deal  of  litigation.  *  He  was  buried  at  Lilstock 
on  the  23rd  of  March  i59i[-2].  A  brass  memorial  ordered 
by  his  will  does  not  appear  to  have  been  made,  but  there  is 
an  inscription  on  stone  in  memory  of  him,  his  wife,  his 
mother-in-law,  and  his  grand-daughter.  ^  Jane  his  wife, 
daughter  of  Christopher  Cheverell  of  Chantmerel  in  Dorset, 

'  Genealogical  details  in  this  section  no.  9. 
not  authenticated  by  specific  references  *  Patent  Roll,  4  Eliz.  part.  5:  Memo- 
are  based  upon  Narcissus  Luttrell's  randa  Roll,  Hilary,  11  Eliz.  m.  105  ; 
MS.  and  Vivian's  Visitations  of  Devon.  Feet  of  Fines,  Somerset,  Mich.  4  and 
The  latter,  however,  is  not  free  from  5  Eliz.;  Chancery  Proceedings,  LI.  9, 
serious  error.  no.  25  ;   Series   II.   114,  no.   18  ;  116, 

*  Somerset  Medieval  Wills,   vol.  iii.  no.  13. 

p.  41  ;  Chancery  Proceedings,  LI.  4,  ''  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  11.  233  (109); 

no.  5.  Brown's  Somersetshire   Wills,  vol.  vi. 

*  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  p.  16. 
vi.  p.  15;  Chancery  Proceedings,  LI.  9, 


514         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

survived  until  the  6th  of  June  1627.  They  had  issue  three 
sons  and  three  daughters  : — 

Andrew,  heir  to  his  father. 

Thomas,  baptized  at  East  Quantockshead  on  the  15th 
of  March  1562.  He  matriculated  at  Broadgates 
Hall,  Oxford,  in  1579,  whence  he  proceeded  to 
Gray's  Inn.  He  is  described  as  a  counsellor  at  law 
in  1602,  and  as  living  at  Whitewyke  in  Somerset 
two  years  later.  ^  His  daughter  Mary  was  buried 
at  Lilstock  on  the  22nd  of  October  16 12. 

Hugh,  of  St.  Nicholas  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  He  mar- 
ried Margaret,  relict  successively  of  Thomas  Hobson 
and  Richard  Fitzjames.  She  administered  to  the 
personal  estate  in  1612,  and  died  in  1627.  ^  There 
were  two  daughters,  Oriana,  and  Mary  who  married 
— Godfrey. 

Margaret,  baptized  at  East  Quantockshead  on  the 
1 2th  of  September  1563,  married  at  Dodington,  in 
July  1592,  to  Giles  Dodington. 

Eleanor,  living  in  1588. 

Elizabeth,  who  predeceased  her  father  and  was  buried 
in  the  chancel  at  Lilstock. 

Andrew  Luttrell,  eldest  son  of  Nicholas,  was  born 
about  the  year  1561.  He  matriculated  at  Broadgates  Hall, 
Oxford,  together  with  his  brother  Thomas,  in  1579,  and 
was  afterwards  admitted  a  student  of  Gray's  Inn.  In  the 
early  part  of  1583,  he  married  Prudence  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  William  Abbot,  of  Hartland  Abbey.  He  con- 
sequently migrated  from  Somerset  to  Devon.  He  was 
buried  on  the  26th  of  August  1625,  and  his  relict  was 
buried  on  the  13th  of  December  1639.  They  had  issue 
six  sons  and  five  daughters  : — 

Nicholas,  heir  to  his  father. 

John,  ancestor  of  the  Luttrells  of  Saunton  Court  (see 
below). 

Andrew,  of  Luffincot,  baptized  on  the  14th  of  May 
1587.     He  married  at  Hartland,  in  October  1609, 

'  Chancery  Proceedings,  li,  3,  no.  38;      vi.  pp.  i6,  17;  Chancery  Proceedings, 
L.  6,  no.  26.  L.  7.  no.  49. 

*  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  515 

Mary  daughter  of  John  Punchard  of  Pilton,  and 
had  issue  three  daughters  : — Grace,  who  was  born  in 
161 5  and  died  in  1617,  and  Anne,  and  Elizabeth, 
who  were  living  in  1633.  ^     He  died  in  1621. 

William,  baptized  on  the  24th  of  December  1592. 
He  married,  in  1631,  Rebecca  daughter  of  Thomas 
Docton,  and  by  her  had  issue  three  daughters  : — 
Prudence  born  in  1632  ;  Grace,  born  in  1633,  who 
died  in  1666  ;  and  Elizabeth,  born  in  1639.  He 
died  at  a  great  age  in  January  1684.^ 

Charles,  baptized  on  the  ist  of  January  1604,  dead 
in  1631. 

Richard,  baptized  on  the  i8th  of  January  1605. 

Grace,  baptized  on  the  24th  of  March  1590,  married 
in  January  16 10  to  Robert  Loveys  of  Beardon. 

Anne,  baptized  on  the  3rd  of  December  1591,  buried 
on  the  4th  of  May  1596. 

Elizabeth,  baptized  on  the  18th  of  June  1597. 

Prudence,  baptized  on  the  nth  of  November  1601, 
married  in  November  1633  to  Achilles  Fortescue. 

Anne,  baptized  on  the  27th  of  July  16 10,  buried  three 
days  later. 

r^.  Nicholas  Luttrell,  eldest  son  of  Andrew,  was  baptized 
on  the  6th  of  January  1584.  He  married,  in  February 
1607,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Anthony  Monk  of  Potheridge. 
There  is  a  monument  in  memory  of  him  in  the  church  at 
Hartland,  where  he  was  buried  on  the  9th  of  April  1637. 
His  relict  was  buried  there  on  the  26th  of  August  1653. 
They  had  issue  seven  sons  and  three  daughters  : — 

Anthony,  heir  to  his  father. 

Nicholas,  buried  on  the  14th  of  April  1648.^ 

Francis,  baptized  on  the  1 8th  of  October  16 12,  buried 
on  the  6th  of  March  1657. 

John,  baptized  on  the  28th  of  November  1613,  mar- 
ried on  the  2ist  of  December  1650  to  Jane  daughter 
of  Thomas  Docton.     He  was  buried  on  the  23rd  of 

'  Will  of  Anne  Punchard  (P.C.C.)  ;  p.  574. 
Chancery  Proceedings,  H.  31,  no.  48  ;  '  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

H.  32,  no.  30.  vi.  p.  17. 

^  Hist.  MSS.  Comm,  Report  v,  App. 


5i6         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

January  1672  ;  she  was  buried  on  the  23rd  of  May 
1680.     They  had  issue  four  daughters  : — 

Elizabeth,   baptized    on   the    29th   of   December 
1 65 1,   married   on   the    8th   of  May    1680   to 
William  Galsworthy. 
Eleanor,  baptized  on   the   25th  of  April    1653, 
married  on   the   25th   of  July   1681   to  John 
Stephens. 
Mary,   baptized  on   the    17th  of  August    1654, 
buried  on  the  29th  of  November  in  the  same 
year. 
Jane,  baptized  on  the  23rd  of  December  1655. 
Thomas,  baptized  on  the  ist  of  May  161 6.     He  mar- 
ried, on  the  23rd  of  January  1666,  Wilmot  daughter 
of  Nicholas  Cholwill  of  Hartland  and  relict  of  Richard 
Docton  of  the  same  parish.     She  was  buried  on  the 
26th  of  April  1 67 1  ;  he  was  buried  on  the  15th  of 
September  1694. 
Arthur,  baptized  on  the  ist  of  November  1618. 
Edward,  baptized  on  the  26th  of  March   1620.     He 
matriculated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford  in  1638,  and 
died  there  four  years  later. ^ 
Mary,  buried  on  the  iith  of  December  1655. 
Elizabeth,  b^tized  on  the  29th  of  December  1614, 

buried  on  the  i8th  of  April  1656. 
Eleanor,  baptized  on  the  7th  of  September  1 6 1 7,  buried 
on  the  20th  of  December  1647. 

Anthony  Luttrell,  eldest  son  of  Nicholas,  was  over 
twenty-five  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death. 
He  married  firstly,  on  the  21st  of  July  1636,  Mary  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Edward  Cotton,  Rector  of  Shobrooke.  ^  By  her, 
who  was  buried  on  the  7th  of  April  1 646,  he  had  issue  four 
sons  and  three  daughters  : — 

Edward,  heir  to  his  father. 

William,  buried  on  the  27th  of  January  1655. 

Nicholas,  living  in  1643. 

Anthony,  living  in  1643. 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  ered  at  the  College  of  Arms,  erroneously 

vi.  p.  17.  calls   her  daughter   and   coheiress  of 

*  Inq.  post  mortem,  C.  il.  549  (84).  William  Cotton  of  Hartland. 
A  pedigree  of  the  Cotton  family,  regist- 


APP.  c.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         s^7 

Margaret,   married  on  the   31st  of  January    1662   to 

Thomas  Saltren.  ,  ,: 

Elizabeth,  baptized  on  the   17th  of  September   1643, 

buried  on  the  1 8th  of  April  1656.  ,      .    , 

Mary,  baptized  on  the  i6th  of  March  1645,  buried  on 
the  nth  of  December  1655. 
Anthony  Luttrell  of  Hartland  Abbey  married  secondly  a 
certain  Mary,  who  was  buried  on  the  13th  of  December  1659. 
By  her  he  had  issue  four  sons  and  three  daughters  :— 

Andrew,  baptized  on   the   nth  of  October  1648   and 
buried  on  the  25th  of  November  in  the  same  year 
Thomas,  baptized  on  the   i6th  of  October  1649,  and 

buried  on  the  8th  of  September  1694. 
Christopher,  baptized  on  the  26th  of  January  1654  and 

buried  on  the  3rd  of  March  1655. 
Arthur,   baptized  on   the    loth  of  August    1656  and 

buried  on  the  5th  of  December  in  the  same  year. 
Jane,  baptized  on  the  31st  of  August  1650    married, 

on  the  ist  of  January  1670,  to  John  Mugtord. 
Prudence,   baptized  on  the  26th  of  September  165 1, 

and  buried  on  the  loth  of  April  following. 
Grace,  baptized  on  the  9th  of  August  1675,  married  on 
the  20th  of  November,  1678  to  Peter  Cole. 
Anthony  Luttrell  was  buried  on  the  ist  of  October   1663. 
Edward  Luttrell,  his  eldest  son,  was  admitted  a  student 
of  the  Inner  Temple  in  1653.     He  married  Mary  Rogers 
on  the    3rd  of  July    1663,   and    by    her    had    issue    two 
children  : — 

Nicholas,  heir  to  his  father. 

Elizabeth,  baptized  on   the   6th   of  December    1664, 
married  on  the  28th  of  November  1698  to  Thomas 
Atkin. 
Edward  Luttrell  was  buried  on  the  21st  of  March  1666 
but  his  relict  did  not  obtain  letters  of  administration  until 
1672. 

^^  Nicholas  Luttrell,  the  only  son,  was  baptized  on  the 
24th  of  July  1663,  a  few  weeks  only  after  the  marriage  of 
his  parents.  He  was  educated  at  Emanuel  College,  Cam- 
bridge, and  was  one  of  a  number  of  young  men  of  substance 
who  were  selected  by  the  Vice-Chancellor  to  receive  the 


5i8         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  c. 

degree  of  A.M.  in  commemoration  of  a  visit  from  the  King. 
In  the  spring  of  the  same  year,  1682,  when  he  was  less  than 
nineteen  years  of  age,  he  was  married,  at  Caldecot  or  Cam- 
bridge, to  Mary  daughter  of  John  Creed,  a  bookseller  in  the 
university  town.  Being  admitted  a  student  of  Gray's  Inn, 
he  resided  chiefly  in  London,  and  he  died  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  in  1694.  Mary,  his  only  child, 
married  Paul  Orchard  of  Aldercombe  in  Cornwall,  the 
owner  of  several  burgages  at  Dunster.  After  her  death 
without  issue  in  November  1722,  he  continued  in  pos- 
session of  Hartland  Abbey,  and  it  passed  at  his  death  to 
Paul,  his  son  by  a  second  wife,  and  so,  after  a  long  interval, 
to  Lewis  William  Buck  of  Affeton,  the  grandfather  of  the 
present  owner,  Sir  Lewis  Stucley. 

Although  the  history  of  the  Luttrells  of  Hartland  Abbey 
is  singularly  jejune,  a  mere  list  of  obscure  names  and  un- 
important dates,  it  is  not  without  some  interest  from  a  statis- 
tical point  of  view.  Thus  the  genealogist  who  is  accustomed 
to  allow  three  generations  to  a  century,  may  observe  that 
no  less  than  five  owners  of  the  estate,  each  representing  a 
separate  generation,  died  between  1625  and  1694.  Then 
again  it  is  worthy  of  notice  that  although  sixteen  sons  were 
born  between  16 10  and  1663,  the  family  had  by  1694 
become  extinct  in  the  male  line. 


The  Luttrells  of  Saunton  Court  in  Devonshire 

and  their  descendants.  ^ 


John  Luttrell,  second  son  of  Andrew  and  Prudence 
Luttrell  of  Hartland  Abbey,  was  baptized  at  Hartland  on 
the  28th  of  December  1584.  When  he  was  about  twenty- 
six  years  of  age,  he  entered  into  an  arrangement  with  his 
grandmother,  Jane  Luttrell,  by  which  she  ceded  to  him  for 
her  life  the  greater  part  of  her  house  at  Honibere,  and  all 
her    lands    in     the    parishes    of  Lilstock    and    Kilton,    he 

'  The  earlier  part  of  this  section  is       and  a  MS.  in   the  possession  of  Mr. 
based  upon  Narcissus  Luttreirs  MS.       Webber-Incledon  of  Alcombe. 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  519 

undertaking  to  pay  her  30/.  a  year  and  to  find  her  and  three 
other  persons  in  meat,  drink,  and  fuel.  In  16 14,  however, 
he  migrated  to  Devonshire,  buying  Saunton  Court  and 
other  property  in  the  parish  of  Braunton  from  Arthur 
Chichester,  Lord  Belfast,  for  the  sum  of  4,500/.  Jane 
Luttrell,  who  describes  herself  as  "  impotent,  aged,  lame, 
and  weak,  "  accordingly  filed  a  bill  against  him  in  Chancery.  ^ 
He  died  soon  after,  on  the  24th  of  February  16 17,  and  was 
buried  at  Braunton.  ^  Frances  his  relict,  daughter  of  Sir 
Edward  Gorges  of  Wraxall,  married  secondly  Sir  Edward 
Southcote,  and  died  in  1651.  By  her  John  Luttrell  had 
issue  four  children: — 

John,  his  heir. 

Francis  (see  below  p.  521). 

Edward  (see  below  p.  525). 

Dorothy,  baptized  at  Braunton  on  the  26th  of  February 
161 5,  and  married  at  Radipole  in  Dorset,  on  the 
2nd  of  March  1632,  to  Jonas  Dennis  of  Weymouth, 
merchant. 

John  Luttrell,  eldest  son  of  John  and  Frances,  was 
baptized  at  his  mother's  old  home  at  Wraxall  on  the  21st  of 
October  16 10.  He  was  consequently  little  more  than  six 
years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death.  Taking  up 
arms  on  behalf  of  the  Parliament,  he  became  a  Colonel,  but 
he  was  killed  in  a  skirmish  between  Milverton  and  Wivel- 
iscombe  in  January  1645,  ^^^  buried  at  Taunton.^  He 
had  married  in  1629,  when  under  age,  Rachael  daughter  of 
Francis  Hardy  of  Sydling  St.  Nicholas  in  Dorset.  She 
administered  to  his  estate,  and  was  buried  at  Braunton  in 
December  1653.  They  had  issue  three  sons  and  four 
daughters  : — 

Southcote. 

John,  buried  at  Braunton  on  the  30th  of  June  1658. 

Arthur,  baptized  there  on  the  17th  of  October   1638. 

Elizabeth,  baptized  there  on  the  8th  of  May  1630. 

Catherine,  baptized  there  on  the  3rd  of  June  1631. 

•  Chancery  Proceedings,  James  I.  *  According  to  another  account  the 
L.  5,  no.  30.  fatal  skirmish  was  in  February.   Geiit- 

*  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  leman's  Magazine,  vol.  xciii.  p.  494. 
vi.  p.  i6. 


520         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  c. 

Rachael. 
Frances. 

SouTHCOTE  LuTTRELL,  son  and  heir  of  Colonel  John 
Luttrell,  presumably  so  named  after  his  step-grandfather  Sir 
Edward  Southcote,  was  baptized  at  Dorchester  on  the  23rd 
of  July  1632.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Middle  Temple  in 
November  1655.  In  the  following  month,  he  married  Amy 
daughter  of  John  Pyncombe  of  Poughill  in  Devon,  the 
ceremony  being  performed  by  a  justice  of  the  peace  and 
afterwards  by  the  minister  of  the  parish.  She  died  six 
months  later  and  was  buried  at  Braunton.  On  the  loth  of 
May  1662,  Southcote  Luttrell  married  a  second  wife,  Anne 
daughter  of  John  Codrington  of  Didmarton  in  Gloucester- 
shire. By  her  he  had  issue  three  sons  and  four  daughters: — 
John,  baptized  at  Braunton  on  the   nth  of  October 

1666. 
Southcote,  his  heir. 
Robert,  baptized  at  Braunton  on  the  13th  of  November 

1677,  and  buried  on  the  nth  of  September  1679. 
Frances,  baptized  there  on  the  2nd  of  March   1670, 

and  buried  on  the  4th  of  January  following. 
Anne,  baptized  there  on  the  29th  of  January  1679. 
Elizabeth,  baptized  there  on  the  14th  of  July   1680. 
She    married    there    in    171 1    Marshall   Ayres    of 
Heavitree. 
Rachael,  baptized  there  on  the  2nd  of  March  1685. 
Anne  Luttrell  was   buried  at  Braunton  on   the   6th   of 
March    1685,  almost   immediately   after    the   birth   of  her 
youngest    child.      In    October    1686,     Southcote    Luttrell 
married  a  third  wife,  Joan  daughter  of — Mercer,  and  relict 
successively   of  William   Avory    and   Hugh   Trevelyan    of 
Yarnscombe,  by  whom  he  had  no  issue.     About  the  year 

17 1 9,  his  first-cousin  Edward  Luttrell  came  with  his  wife 
to  Saunton  Court,  on  a  visit  which  was  indefinitely  pro- 
longed. They  seem  in  fact  to  have  established  a  complete 
ascendancy  over  their  aged  host  and  relative.     In  September 

1720,  when  he  was  eighty-eight  years  of  age,  he  made  an 
elaborate  settlement  of  his  landed  estate,  entailing  it  on  his 
only  surviving  son,  Southcote  Luttrell  the  second,  with 
remainder  to  his  cousin  Edward  Luttrell.     The  effect  of 


APP.  c.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         521 

this  was  to  exclude  his  own  heirs  general,  bearing  the  name 
of  Ayres,  and  his  heir  male,  Narcissus  Luttrell.  1  here  is 
an  entry  by  the  latter  : — 

"Southcot    Luttrell    of   Santon    Court    in    Branton   parish  in 
the  county  of  Devon,  esquire,  died  there  at  his  house  on  t  nday 
7  July  1 72 1  in  the  evening,  and  was  buried  in  the  said  parish 
church   of   Branton,  under   the   communion  table  there,  upon 
Tuesday  1 1  of  the  same  July,  between  6  and  7  that  morning, 
without  any  one  to  attend   him,  by  the  contrivance  and  order 
of  that  villain  Edward  Luttrell,  his  kinsman.  " 
SouTHCOTE  Luttrell  the  second  was  baptized  at  Braunton 
on  the  17th  of  October  1672.     He  matriculated  at  Exeter 
College,  Oxford,  in  July   1690.     Some  twelve  years  later 
he  lost  the  use  of  his   reason.      In    1738,   Mary  relict  ot 
Edward  Luttrell  was  appointed  committee  of  his   person, 
and,  in  the  following  year,  she  was  succeeded  in  that  office 
by  Phihp  Lethbridge.'     Like  his  father,  Southcote  Luttrell 
the  second  lived  to  a  great  age.     At  his  death  in  November 
175 1     he  was  buried  at  Braunton.  His  personalty  went  to 
his  nephew,  Marshall  Ayres  of  the  Middle  Temple  ;  his  real 
estate  passed  under  the  settlement  of  1720  to    Southcote 
Hungerford   Luttrell,   the   posthumous    son    of   his    third 
cousin,  Captain  Edward  Luttrell. 

An   intermediate   line   of  Luttrells,   debarred   from    the 
succession,  had  by  this  date  become  extinct  :— 

Francis  Luttrell,  second  son  of  John  and  Frances  men- 
tioned above  (p.  519),  was  baptized  at  Stoke  Courcy  on  the 
14th  of  March  1 61 3.  He  was  admitted  to  Gray's  Inn  in  1631. 
Dying  in  April  1677,  he  was  buried  in  the  lower  chancel  of 
the  church  of  St.  Giles  in  the  Fields. "  He  had  married  at 
Bristol,  on  the  8th  of  December  1641,  Catherine  daughter 
of  Narcissus  Mapowder  of  Holsworthy  in  Devonshire.  She 
died  at  her  house  in  Holborn  on  the  20th  of  February  1685, 
and  was  buried  beside  her  husband,  to  whom  she  had  borne 
nine  children  : — 

Francis  (i),   baptized    and    buried    at    St.    Margaret's 
Westminster  in  March  1647. 

1  Lunacy  Commissions  (Petty  Bag),  *  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

L.  no.  25.  vi-  P-  i^- 


522  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

Francis  (2),  baptized  at  St.  Giles's  on  the  17th  of 
November  1655  and  buried  at  St.  Andrew's,  Hol- 
born  on  the  20th  of  October  1656. 

Narcissus,  heir  to  his  father. 

Charles,  baptized  at  St.  Giles's  on  the  24th  of  July 
1663,  and  buried  there  on  the  9th  of  October  in  the 
same  year. 

Jane,  born  at  Clovelly  in  Devonshire  in  1 643,  and  buried 
at  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  on  the  8th  of  November 
1647. 

Frances,  baptized  at  St.  Andrew's  on  the  9th  of  May 
1648,  and  buried  there  on  the  ist  of  July  1657. 

Catherine,  baptized  at  Clerkenwell  on  the  9th  of  August 
1653.  On  the  2nd  of  July  1677,  she  was  married 
to  George  Lowe  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  at  St.  Dunstan's  in 
the  West.     They  were  both  buried  at  St.  Albans. 

Dorothy,  born  in  1658,  married  at  St.  Giles's,  on  the 
1 8th  of  December  1688,  to  Owen  Wynne,  after- 
wards Warden  of  the  Mint  and  Under-Secretary 
of  State. 

Abigail,  baptized  at  St.  Giles's  on  the  13th  of  February 
1661  ;  died  at  Lawrence  Waltham  in  Berkshire  on 
the  30th  of  August  1669. 

Narcissus  Luttrell,  third  and  only   surviving   son   of 
Francis  and  Catherine  mentioned  above  (p.  521),  was  born  in 
Holborn  on  the  12th  of  August  1657  and  baptized  twelve 
days  later  by  the  singular  name  of  his  maternal  grandfather. 
Following  the  example  of  his  father,  he  became  a  student  of 
Gray's  Inn,  in  August    1673.     In   the  earlier  part  of  the 
following  year,   he  was  admitted  a  Fellow  Commoner  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  but  he  did  not  spend  more 
than   nine  months  at   the   University,   and  the   degree   of 
A.M.  conferred  upon   him  in   1675  '^^^  obtained  by  royal 
mandate.     Through  private  influence,  he  was  returned  to 
Parliament  as  member  for  Bossiney  in  1679  and  for  Saltash 
in  1690.     Although  called  to  the  bar  in  1680,  he  does  not 
seem  to  have  practised.     So  again,  although   placed  in   the 
Commission  of  the  Peace  for  Middlesex  in  1693,  he  did  not 
even  take  the  necessary  oaths  for  more  than  twelve  years. 
Nevertheless    he    duly    recorded    his    successive    honorary 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  523 

appointments  as  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  a  Commissioner  of 
Oyer  and  Terminer,  a  Commissioner  of  Sewers,  ^  Conimis- 
sioner  for  Land  Tax,  and  Treasurer  for  Maimed  Soldiers 
and  Mariners.  When  his  name  was  omitted  from  the 
Commission  of  the  Peace  for  Middlesex  in  1723,  ^e  "Oted 
that  the  Lord  Chancellor  had  been  instigated  by  Robert 
Walpole,  in  consequence  of  "  some  cursed  lyes  and  stories 
made  to  the  said  Walpole  by  one  Sir  Richard  Gough 

For   many  years   Narcissus   Luttrell   lived  in   Hoi  born, 
opposite  to  the  Three  Cups  Tavern,  but  at  Christmas  17 10, 
he  went  to  reside  at  Little  Chelsea,  on  a  property  which  he 
had  bought  from  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury.     There  he  formed 
a  very  considerable  library  of  historical  books,  and  a  collect- 
ion of  the  political  pamphlets,  broadsides,  and  verses  ot  his 
own  time.     He  is  chiefly  remembered  as  the  compiler  ot 
A  brief  historical  Relation  of  State  Affairs  from  1678  to  17 14, 
which  was  published  for  the  University  of  Oxford  in  1847 
in  six  volumes,   with   only   two   pages  of  preface   and   an 
indifferent  index.     The  work  is  in  no  sense  a  literary  com- 
position, being  merely  a  transcript  of  selections  from  the 
ephemeral  gazettes  and  newsletters  of  the  period,  supphed  to 
subscribers  and  visible  at  coffee-houses. 

In    this    place    Narcissus    Luttrell    deserves    honourable 
mention  on  account  of  his  unwearied,  careful  and  valuable 
researches  into  the  history  of  his  own  family.  When  staying 
at  Dunster,  he  collated  Prynne's  catalogue  of  the  muniments 
at  the  Castle  with  the  original  documents,  and  made  count- 
less emendations  in  it.     He  furthermore  collected  for  him- 
self all  the  notices  that  he  could  find  of  the  Luttrells,  in 
printed  books,  in  manuscripts  at  the  Tower  of  London,  the 
College  of  Arms,  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury,  and 
other  repositories,  and  in  parish  registers  in  various  counties. 
It  is  characteristic  of  the  man  that  he  was  satisfied  to  make 
minute  and  laborious  copies  without  attempting  to  sift  his 
material    or    to    compile    any    consecutive    account   of  the 

family. 

Thomas  Hearne,  the  Oxford  antiquary,  seems  to  have 
been  somewhat  jealous  of  Narcissus  Luttrell's  library  "  col- 
lected in  a  lucky  hour  at  very  reasonable  rates,  "  and  has 
left  some  unfavourable  remarks  on  him  : — 


524         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  c. 

"  Though  he  was  so  curious  and  diligent  in  collecting  and 
amassing  together,  yet  he  affected  to  live  so  private  as  hardly  to 
be  known  in  person  ;  and  yet  for  all  that  he  must  be  attended 
to  his  grave  by  judges  and  the  first  of  his  profession  in  the  law, 
to  whom  (such  was  the  sordidness  of  his  temper)  he  would  not 
have  given  a  meal's  meat  in  his  life. 

"  As  a  recommendation  of  his  collection  of  books,  we  are  told  it 
was  preserved  in  that  place  where  Mr.  Lock  and  Lord  Shaftes- 
bury studied,  whose  principles  it  may  be  he  imbibed.  No 
doubt  but  it  is  a  very  extraordinary  collection.  " 

Hearne  was  a  Nonjuror  ;  Luttrell  was  a  Whig. 

"  After  a  tedious  indisposition,  "  Narcissus  Luttrell  died 
on  the  27th  of  June  1732.  ^  He  was  buried  at  Chelsea  on 
the  6th  of  July.  He  had  been  married  twice.  Sarah  his 
first  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Daniel  Baker  of  Hatton 
Garden,  and  the  wedding  took  place  at  St.  Giles's  in  the 
Fields  on  the  28th  of  February  1682.  She  bore  him  one 
son,  Francis.  Dying  on  the  9th  of  July  1722,  she  "was 
buried  by  her  disconsolate  husband  on  the  north  side  of  the 
chancell  of  Chelsea  Church,  under  the  pew  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Bishop's  Pew  upon  Tuesday  17  of  July  1722 
about  7  in  the  evening.  "  Some  three  years  afterwards,  on 
the  13th  of  May  1725,  Narcissus  Luttrell  was  married  in 
the  Chapel  of  Lincoln's  Inn  to  Mary  daughter  of  John 
Bearsley  of  Wolverhampton,  by  virtue  of  a  licence  from  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  granted  eleven  months  before. 
The  only  issue  of  this  marriage  was  a  boy  named  Narcissus, 
born  on  the  27th  of  January  1727,  and  buried  in  the  middle 
aisle  of  Chelsea  Church  seven  days  later,  having  been  "  lost 
meerly  by  the  carelesnesse  of  the  nurse.  "  Mary  Luttrell 
survived  her  husband  some  years  and  was  buried  at  Chelsea 
on  the  5th  of  October  1745. 

Francis  Luttrell,  son  of  Narcissus  and  Sarah  mentioned 
above,  was  baptized  at  St.  Andrew's  Holborn,  on  the  I2th 
of  December  1682.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Middle  Temple 
in  1700,  and  called  to  the  bar  eight  years  later.  In  course 
of  time  he  became  a  Bencher,  and  he  was  Treasurer  of  the 
Inn  at  the  time  of  his  death,  on  the  5th  of  June  1749-  Like 
his  parents,  he  was  buried  at  Chelsea.  Hearne  describes 
him  as  "  a  bookish  man,  "  and  some  of  his  letters  on  literary 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  vi.  p.  20. 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  525 

subjects  have  been  preserved.  ^  There  is  a  portrait  of  him 
at  Dunster  Castle.  As  he  never  married,  one  branch  of  the 
Luttrell  family  came  to  an  end  in  him. 

It  is  now  necessary  to  revert  to  Edward  Luttrell,  third 
son  of  John  Luttrell  of  Saunton  Court  by  Frances  his  wife 
mentioned  above  (p.  519).  Baptized  at  Braunton  on  the 
2nd  of  November  1616,  this  Edward  Luttrell  was  admitted 
to  Gray's  Inn  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  Little  is  known  about 
him  except  that  he  died  in  Rose  Alley,  near  Holborn,  in 
March  1668  and  was  buried  at  St.  Andrew's.  Three  years 
later,  administration  of  his  goods  was  granted  to  the  principal 
creditor,  his  relict  named  Dorothy  renouncing.  She  was 
buried  on  the  south  side  of  the  churchyard  of  St.  Giles,  on 
the  ist  of  July  1697.  Francis  Luttrell,  son  of  Edward  and 
Dorothy,  was  buried  at  St.  Andrew's,  Holborn,  on  the  loth 
of  November  1657. 

Edward  Luttrell,  an  attorney,  another  son  of  Edward 
and  Dorothy,  married  a  lady  named  Mary,  whose  maiden 
name  is  not  known.  As  stated  above  (p.  520),  they  went  to 
stay  with  his  cousin  Southcote  Luttrell  the  elder  at  Saunton 
Court  about  17 19,  and  took  up  their  abode  there.  Narcissus 
Luttrell,  supplanted  by  this  Edward  Luttrell,  calls  him 
"  that  villain  "  and  "  that  rascal.  "  Administration  of  the 
goods  of  Edward  Luttrell  was  granted  to  the  relict  Mary  in 
1737.  She  was  buried  at  Braunton  some  two  years  later. 
They  had  issue  a  son  Edward,  and  a  daughter  Charlotte, 
who  was  baptized  at  the  Savoy  Chapel  in  April  1695. 

Edward  Luttrell  the  third,  son  of  Edward  and  Mary, 
predeceased  his  father  by  several  years.  Nothing  is  known 
as  to  the  exact  date  of  his  birth,  or  that  of  his  marriage  to  Anne 
daughter  of  Sir  George  Hungerford  of  Cadenham  in  Wilt- 
shire. At  the  end  of  17 13,  he  received  a  commission  in 
the  first  regiment  of  Foot  Guards  and  he  afterwards  became 
a  Lieutenant,  with  the  titular  rank  of  Captain.  The  cir- 
cumstances connected  with  his  untimely  death  have  been  very 
minutely  recorded,  but  a  brief  notice  of  them  will  here 
suffice. 

On  the  17th  of  October  1721,  two  bailiffs  named  Reason 

'  Heanie's  CollcctioiiSy  vol.  iii.  pp.  273,  426  ;  vol.  v.  p.  238  ;  vol.  vii.  p.  367. 


526         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

and  Tranter  arrested  Captain  Luttrell  in  Surrey  Street, 
between  the  Strand  and  the  river  Thames,  for  a  debt  of  lo/. 
At  his  request  they  accompanied  him  to  his  lodging  there 
and  he  got  the  necessary  money  from  his  young  wife.  On 
his  refusal,  however,  to  give  them  three  guineas  for  their 
*  civility,  '  high  words  ensued.  Being  called  a  rogue,  a  ras- 
cal and  a  '  minter,  '  he  struck  Tranter  on  the  head  with  a 
walking  cane,  and  Reason  retaliated  by  stabbing  him  in  nine 
places  and  shooting  him  with  one  of  his  own  pistols.  The 
bailiffs  were  tried  for  murder  in  the  following  year  and  were 
found  guilty  of  manslaughter.  Although  the  jury  would 
have  liked  them  to  be  hanged  for  their  brutality,  they  were 
merely  branded  on  the  hand.  ^  Surviving  the  affray  in 
Surrey  Street  by  several  hours,  Edward  Luttrell  the  younger 
was  able  to  make  a  short  will  in  favour  of  his  wife,  who  was 
then  enceinte.  ^  He  was  buried  at  St.  Clement  Danes.  Some 
four  months  afterwards,  the  widow  bore  a  son  who  was 
christened  by  the  names  of  Southcote  Hungerford,  but  she 
did  not  long  survive  his  birth  and  was  buried  in  the  chancel 
of  Bremhill  church  in  Wiltshire  on  the  25th  of  June  1722. 
Although  she  left  100/.  for  the  erection  of  a  monument  there 
in  memory  of  her  mother  and  herself,  her  directions  to  this 
effect  seem  to  have  been  disregarded.  Most  of  her  property 
passed  by  will  to  her  brother,  Walter  Hungerford,  in  trust 
for  her  only  child.  ^ 

Southcote  Hungerford  Luttrell,  the  posthumous 
orphan,  obtained  a  commission  as  Second  Lieutenant  in  the 
Marines  in  January  1741.  Fifteen  months  later,  he  became 
a  Captain  in  the  regiment  afterwards  known  as  the  45th  Foot, 
and  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Major  in  1750.  The 
exact  date  of  his  marriage  and  the  maiden  name  of  his  wife 
are  alike  unknown.  In  1769,  a  certain  Mrs.  Jane  Sheppard 
was  stated  to  be  ready  to  swear  at  the  Sarum  Assizes  that 
the  marriage  was  solemnized  in  her  presence  "  at  (sic)  South 
Carolina.  "  ■*  Major  Luttrell's  regiment  was  for  some  time 
quartered  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  his  second  child  was  born  at 

'  Howell's  State  Trials,,  vol.  xvi.  pp.  *  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

1-45;  The  widow  Liittercll's  cry  for  jus-  vi.  p.  19. 

ticc  for   the   blood   of  her    murthered  '  Ibid ;  Hoare's  Hungerfordiaua. 

husbaud,c\.c.  drawn  up  by  a  gentleman  *  The  family  tradition  that  he  was 

of  the  Inner  Temple,  8vo.  1722.  married  at  Halifax  seems  morecredible. 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  527 

Halifax  in  that  colony  in  1785.  Affairs  in  England  then 
required  his  presence,  and,  in  October  of  that  year.  Captain 
Alexander  Murray  succeeded  him  as  Major,  having  apparently 
bought  his  commission. 

On  the  death  of  Southcote  Luttrell,  the  lunatic,  in 
November  1751,  Southcote  Hungerford  Luttrell  had  suc- 
ceeded, under  the  entail  of  1720,  to  Saunton  Court  and  the 
property  that  went  with  it.  In  1750,  his  uncle  and  former 
guardian,  Walter  Hungerford,  had  left  him  1000/.  in  full 
settlement  of  all  accounts  between  them,  and  the  will  to  this 
effect  had  been  proved  in  1754.  He  had  also  been  named 
as  a  possible  inheritor  of  part  of  the  Hungerford  estate. 

After  his  return  to  England,  Southcote  Hungerford  Lut- 
trell and  Mary  his  wife  lived  for  a  while  at  Saunton  Court, 
but  in  1757  they  suffered  a  recovery  of  the  whole  estate,  in 
order  to  bar  the  entail,  and  it  was  soon  sold  to  John 
Clevland  of  Tapley  Park.  ^  Mary  Luttrell  predeceased  her 
husband,  who,  after  the  sale  of  Saunton  Court,  resided 
chiefly  at  Exeter.  He  had  also  some  connexion  with 
Falmouth.  He  died  on  the  3rd  of  October  1766  and  was 
buried  on  the  9th.  Letters  of  administration  were  issued 
in  the  following  year  to  his  maternal  cousin,  Abigail  Blake, 
his  four  children,  Elizabeth,  Wilmot  Hungerford,  Edward, 
and  John  being  under  age,  the  last  a  mere  baby. 

WiLMOT  Hungerford  Luttrell,  the  eldest  son,  was 
baptized  at  St.  Paul's,  Halifax,  in  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  31st 
of  August  1755.  He  was  nearly  twenty-six  years  of  age 
when  he  obtained  fresh  letters  of  administration  to  his 
father's  estate,  in  178  i.  ^  Soon  after  this,  he  and  his  two 
brothers  sold  to  H.  Merewether  their  reversionary  rights  in 
a  moiety  of  the  manor  of  Rodbourne  in  Wiltshire,  under 
the  will  of  their  cousin  George  Hungerford,  who  died  in 
1764.  He  is  believed  to  have  died  unmarried  about  18  14, 
but  nothing  is  really  known  as  to  this. 

Edward  Luttrell,  the  second  son  of  Major  Southcote 
Hungerford  Luttrell,  was  born  in  England  in  1757. 
Elizabeth   Hungerford,   relict   of  George    Hungerford    of 

'  Recovery   Roll,    Trin.   30   and  31  *  Admon,  in  P.C.C. 

Geo.  II  ;  Close  Roll  31  Geo.  II.  part  2.  ^  Ibid  ;    Papers    belonging    to    the 

m.  16;  Lysons's  Devonshire,  p.  65.  Wiltshire  Archaeological  Society. 


528         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

Studley  House,  near  Calne,  was  his  godmother.  He  was 
practising  as  a  surgeon  at  Tonbridge  in  1792  when  he 
wrote  a  short  account  of  a  treatment  of  gangrene  with 
alkahs  and  acids.  ^  An  official  despatch  of  the  30th  of 
November  1 803  describes  him  as  a  surgeon  of  considerable 
reputation  in  Kent,  who  was  about  to  proceed  to  New  South 
Wales  on  board  the  Experiment^  with  a  view  to  settling  there. 
A  colonial  return  made  two  years  later  shows  that  he  then 
had  a  wife  and  seven  children.  From  January  1807  to 
September  1808,  he  was  acting  as  surgeon  on  H.M.S. 
Porpoise^  a  store-ship  stationed  off  the  coast  of  New  South 
Wales.  Having  then  leave  from  the  Captain  to  go  inland 
to  visit  his  family  at  Paramatta,  he  fell  ill  and  was  unable  to 
return  when  summoned.  Commodore  Bligh,  however,  his 
irascible  superior,  refused  to  believe  his  story,  and  said  that 
he  must  come  on  board  dead  or  alive.  Eventually  an  '  R '. 
was  put  against  his  name  in  the  ship's  book,  to  indicate 
that  he  had  *  run, '  and  this  stigma  was  not  removed  until 
after  a  consideration  of  the  case  by  the  Board  of  Admiralty 
more  than  ten  years  later.  From  New  South  Wales  Dr. 
Edward  Luttrell  removed  to  Van  Dieman's  Land,  where  he 
became  Surgeon  General.  Dying  on  the  loth  of  June  1824, 
he  was  buried  at  Hobart.  Martha  his  relict,  daughter  of 
the  Rev. — Walters,  was  buried  beside  him  in  May  1832. 

The  Luttrell  family  in  the  Australian  colonies  has  so 
increased  and  spread  that  it  has  not  been  found  practicable 
to  give  details  here  of  the  births,  marriages  and  deaths  of 
its  different  scions.  Of  Dr.  Edward  Luttrell's  six  sons, 
four  indeed  died  without  issue.  Hungerford,  the  eldest,  a 
surgeon,  died  of  fever  off  the  coast  of  Africa.  Edward,  the 
second,  was  lost  at  sea  in  the  Indian  Ocean  on  board  the 
Governor  Macquarie^  in  1 8  1 1.  Robert,  the  third,  was  killed 
by  natives  at  Paramatta  in  New  South  Wales,  in  18 12. 
Oscar,  the  fifth,  was  killed  by  natives  near  Melbourne  in 
1838. 

Alfred  Luttrell,  fourth  son  of  Dr.  Edward  Luttrell,  died 
at  Hobart  in  February  1865.  He  had  issue  seven  sons: — 
Edward,  John,  Alfred,  Robert,  Frederick,  William  and 
Edwin,  and  five  daughters. 

'  Watts  Bibliotheca  Britannica. 


App.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  529 

Edgar  Luttrell,  sixth  son  of  Dr.  Edward  Luttrell,  died 
at  Hobart  in  May  1865.  He  had  issue  seven  sons,  Edward 
Hungerford,  Edgar,  Wilmot  Southcote  Hungerford,  George 
Walter,  Edmund  B.  S.,  Tasman,  and  Alfred,  and  four 
daughters. 

John  Luttrell,  the  youngest  son  of  Major  Southcote 
Hungerford  Luttrell,  was,  in  1775,  articled  as  a  clerk  to  an 
attorney  at  Bridgewater.  ^  He  afterwards  practised  law  on 
his  own  account  at  Northleach  in  Gloucestershire,  in 
London,  and  perhaps  elsewhere.  In  February  1788,  he 
married,  at  Kingston  Church,  Portsmouth,  Hannah  daughter 
of  William  Taylor,  paymaster  of  the  dockyard  there,  and 
afterwards  Deputy  Paymaster  of  the  Royal  Navy  at  Somerset 
House.  He  died  in  or  soon  after  1832,  having  had  issue 
two  sons,  St.  John,  and  Hungerford,  and  a  daughter,  Mary, 
who  married  Captain  Fleming. 

The  eldest  son,  St.  John  Luttrell,  entered  the  Royal 
Navy  in  July  1804.  While  serving  on  board  the  Herald 
in  the  Mediterranean  in  May  1808,  he  was  put  in  charge 
of  a  prize  which  foundered  with  all  hands. 

Hungerford  Luttrell,  the  second  son,  born  at  Chester 
on  the  2ist  of  January  1793,  and  privately  baptized,  had  a 
varied  but  unsatisfactory  career.  Entering  the  Royal  Navy 
as  a  volunteer  in  1807,  he  served  continuously  until  April 
181 1,  when  he  quitted  the  Colossus  with  the  intention  of 
joining  the  Army.  In  the  January,  however,  he  was  a 
Midshipman  on  board  the  Impetueux.  He  was  finally  enter- 
ed as  having  "run  "  from  the  Namur  in  November  18 14. 
Proceeding  to  Columbia,  he  took  part  in  a  local  war,  with 
the  rank  of  Captain  and  Aide  de  Camp  to  General  Arismendi. 
According  to  his  own  account,  he  fell  ill  and  returned  to 
England  without  having  received  due  remuneration. 

In  December  18 19,  he  was  established  at  Portsmouth, 
where  he  married  Maria  daughter  of  Thomas  Jervoise  of 
the  Victualling  Department.  Some  years  later,  his  father 
put  him  into  communication  with  a  certain  W.  A.  Grobecker, 
who  said  that,  if  sufficiently  paid,  he  could  procure  for  him 
a  post  under  government.  The  father  seems  also  to  have 
expected  a  commission.      Eventually   Hungerford  Luttrell 

'  King's  Bench,  Series  I.  no.  3872. 


530         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

paid  300/.  to  Grobecker,  and  went  to  Scotland  as  chief 
officer  of  the  Coast-guard  at  Stranraer.  After  a  few  months, 
however,  he  was  recalled  on  the  ground  that,  at  the  time  of 
his  appointment,  he  was  eleven  days  over  the  limit  of  age, 
thirty-five  years.  The  Treasury  resolved  to  prosecute 
Grobecker,  and  gave  Luttrell  a  temporary  allowance  of  55.  a 
day.  When  it  ceased,  he  considered  himself  much  aggrieved 
and  sent  memorials  to  the  Lords  Commissioners,  to  the  Duke 
of  Wellington,  and  to  the  King,  culminating  in  a  pamphlet 
published  in  1830. 

Hungerford  Luttrell  was  the  last  male  member  of  the 
family  resident  in  England.  He  had  issue  two  daughters, 
Harriet  Maria  Hungerford,  the  wife  of  J.  C.  Bicknell,  and 
Matilda  Hungerford,  who  died  unmarried. 


John  Luttrell  of  Mapperton  in  Dorset  and  his 
descendants. 

John  Luttrell,  second  son  of  Thomas  and  Margaret 
Luttrell  (page  171),  was  baptized  at  Dunster  on  the  26th 
of  May  1566.  He  was  admitted  a  student  of  the  Middle 
Temple  in  February  1584,  and  he  is  described,  in  16 12,  as 
an  "  ancient  utter  barrister  "  of  that  society.  ^  Marrying 
Anne  daughter  of  Richard  Bampfield  of  Poltimore  in  Devon, 
and  relict  of  Christopher  Morgan  of  South  Mapperton  in 
Dorset,  he  came  to  be  known  as  '  John  Luttrell  of  Mapper- 
ton. '  ^  Through  the  interest  of  his  brother,  the  lord  of 
Dunster,  he  was  elected  one  of  the  Members  of  Parliament 
for  Minehead  in  1586  and  1588.  ^  A  will  made  by  him  in 
July  1620  was  proved  in  the  same  year.  *     He  had  issue: — 

Amias,  so  called  after  his  maternal  uncle.   Sir  Amias 
Bampfield.      He   was    admitted   a    student   of  the 

•  Middle  Temple  Records,  vol.  i.  p.  ^  Return  of  Members  of  Parliament, 

265  ;  vol.  ii.  p.  553.  vol.  i.  pp.  419,  424. 

'  Hutchins's  History  0/ Dorset,  vol.  ii.  *  Brovvn'b  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

p.  158  ;  Chancery  Proceedings,  LI.  8.  vi.  p.  16. 
no.  46  ;  9  no.  69. 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  531 

Middle  Temple  in  16 14,  but  he  died  within  the 
next  five  years.  ' 

Hugh,  died  young. 

John,  matriculated  at  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  in  161 5, 
and  was  admitted  a  student  of  the  Middle  Temple 
four  years  later.  "^     He  was  living  in  1620. 

George,  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  and  afterwards 
of  Cheddington  in  Dorset,  clerk  in  holy  orders. 
He  was  dead  by  December  1659,  when  his  only  son 
of  the  same  name  was  mentioned  in  an  elaborate 
entail  of  the  Dunster  estate.  Margaret  relict  of  the 
elder  George  Luttrell  obtained  letters  of  administra- 
tion in  1661.  ^ 

Anne,  married  Thomas  Weston  of  Callow  Weston  in 
Dorset.  * 


The  Luttrells  of  Rodhuish  in  Somerset. 

Hugh  Luttrell,  second  son  of  George  and  Joan  Luttrell 
of  Dunster  (p.  176),  was  baptized  there  on  the  29th  of 
February  1587.  He  had  property  at  Rodhuish  in  the 
parish  of  Carhampton  and  Northridge  and  West  Myne  in 
that  of  Minehead.  He  was  living  in  1656.  ^  He  married 
at  Charlton  Makerel,  on  the  13th  of  July  1629,  Jane 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lyte  of  Lytescary  in  that  parish,  and 
by  her  had  issue  three  sons  and  four  daughters  : — 
Thomas,  heir  to  his  father. 

Hugh  (1),  baptized  at   Carhampton  on   the    i8th  of 
December  1639,  "^^^  buried  there  twelve  days  later. 
Hugh  (2),  baptized  at   Carhampton  on  the   21st   of 
April  1 64 1,  and  buried  there  on  the    loth  of  May 
following. 
Jane,  married  to  Lewis  Cave  of  Old  Cleeve. 
Frances. 

'  Middle    Temple    Records,    vol.    ii.  vi.  p.  i8. 

p.  584.  ■•  Heralds'  Visitation  of  Dorset,  1677. 

^  Ibid.  p.  642.  ^  D.C.M.  HI.   12  ;  Hancock's  Mitie- 

'  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol.  head,  p.  213. 


532         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  c. 

Susan,  baptized  at  Carhampton  on  the  8th  of  April 
1634,  married  to  John  Everard  of  Otterhampton, 
and  died  in  1678. 

Margaret,  baptized  at  Carhampton  on  the  loth  of 
December  1638,  and  buried  there  a  year  later. 

Thomas  Luttrell,  eldest  son  of  Hugh  and  Jane  Luttrell, 
was  baptized  at  Carhampton  on  the  19th  of  July  1637,  and 
was  buried  there  on  the  22nd  of  July  17 14.  By  Catherine 
his  wife,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Gregory  Sindercombe  of 
Bishop's  Lydeard,  he  had  issue  two  children,  a  daughter 
Jane  who,  in  1696,  married  Thomas  Prowse,  and  a  son  of 
his  own  name. 

Thomas  Luttrell,  son  of  Thomas  and  Catherine  Luttrell, 
was  born  about  1668.  Failing  male  issue  to  his  cousins 
Colonel  Francis  Luttrell,  and  Colonel  Alexander  Luttrell, 
he  would  have  succeeded  to  the  Dunster  estate,  under  the 
entail  of  1659.  He  was  educated  at  Westminster  under 
the  famous  Dr.  Busby,  at  the  expense  of  Colonel  Francis 
Luttrell  of  Dunster  Castle,  although  his  own  father  was 
living.  About  once  a  year,  he  was  supplied  with  a  fresh  outfit, 
comprising  a  cloth  coat  lined  with  silk,  a  waistcoat  of  cloth 
or  silk,  both  adorned  with  silver  buttons  and  blue  figured 
ribbon,  breeches,  worsted  stockings  and  a  white  hat.  In 
1683,  there  was  a  charge  of  6/.  lOJ.  for  "  6  shirts,  6  hand- 
kerchers,  8  cravatts,  and  6  night  capps.  "  The  following, 
although  unsigned,  is  not  without  interest  as  illustrative  of 
the  cost  of  a  commoner's  education  : — 

**  An  account  of  what  is  due  to  me  for  a  yeare  and  quarter's 

lodging  and  dietting  for    Mr.   Lutterell,  beginning  the   19  of 

October  1682  and  ending  the  19  of  January  1683/4,  and  for 

what  laid  out. 

£■        s.      d. 
"  Gave  to  Dr.  Busby   his  New  Year's  gift,  2 

broad  peices  of  gold,  2   ..    12  ..  o 

To  Mr.  Knipe,  the  second  master,  i   ..      i  ..  8 

To  the  Doctor's  usher,  10  ..  o 

To  Knipe's  usher,  5  ..  o 

To  the  Moniter  of  the  schoole,  2  ..  6 

For  2  paire  of  stockings,  6  ..  4 
For  mending  of  his  cloths  and  cutting  of  his 

haire  severall  times,  6  ..  6 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  533 

Gave  him  for  the  Omnia  bene  and  for  makeing  of 

his  election  theames,  6  ..  o 

For  2  bands,  2  paire  of  cuffs,  6  paire  of  gloves 

and  black  ribbon,  lO  ..  O 

For  paper,  quills,  wax  candle,  sealing  vi^ax,  Steele 

lined  box,  penn  knife,  ruler  and  satchell,  15   ..  O 

For  paper  books,  a  Horace  and  Juvenall,  a  Ter- 
rence,  a  Claudian,  a  Prayer  Book,  a  Horace, 
a  Greek  Epigrams,  Ovid's  Metamorphosis^ 
Homer  Expository,  Dr.  Duport's  Psalms  in 
Greek,  i  ..    6  ..  o 

For  sweeping  of  the  schoole  from  the   19  of 

October  '82  to  the  19  January  '83/4,  2   ..   6 

For  inke  from  the  19  of  October  1682  to  the 

19  January  1683/4,  i    ..   8 

Gave  to  Dr.  Busby  for  a  yeare  and  quarter's 

schooleing,  ending  19  January  '83/4,  5  ..     7.-8 

For  a  year's  and  quarter's  lodging  and  dietting 
for  Mr.  Lutterell,  beginning  the  19  of  October 
1682  and  ending  the  19  of  January  1683/4, 
after  the  rate  of  25/.  per  annum,  31  ..    5   ..  O 


44  ..  17  ..  I0» 


The  bills  for  1681  and  1682  amounted  to  45/.  12s.  lod. 
and  37/.  iij.  6d.  respectively,  towards  which  Colonel 
Luttrell  had  paid  only  50/.  by  a  bill  payable  at  twelve  days' 
sight  charged  on  Mr.  Williams,  goldsmith,  in  Lombard 
Street. 

From  Westminster  Thomas  Luttrell  proceeded  to  Balliol 
College,  Oxford,  in  1685,  and  he  afterwards  became  a 
Fellow  of  All  Souls  College.  In  1703,  he  took  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Medicine.  On  the  19th  of  September  1706, 
he  was  married  at  Porlock  to  Jane  Arundel  late  of  Exford, 
said  to  have  been  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Arundel. 
He  died  as  he  was  leaving  the  Abbey  Church  of  Bath,  on 
the  13th  of  March  1720,  but  his  corpse  was  removed  to 
Carhampton  and  buried  there  two  days  later.  His  will 
was  proved  in  the  same  year  by  his  relict,  Jane  Luttrell.  ^ 

1  The  bill  for  Thomas  Luttrell  may  the  Evening  Mail  of  January  1834. 

be  compared  with  those  for  his  con-  *  Brown's  Somersetshire  Wills,  vol. 

temporary    Francis  Lynn,   quoted    in  vi.  p.  19. 
CoUins's  Public  Schools  (p.   115)  from 


534         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

Alexander  Fownes  Luttrell  (i)  and  his   descendants. 

Alexander  Fownes  Luttrell  (i),  fourth  son  of  Henry 
and  Margaret,  (p.  260),  was  baptized  at  Dunster  on  the 
30th  of  November  1754,  and  educated  at  Pembroke  College, 
Cambridge.  In  1779,  he  was  instituted  to  the  Rectory 
of  East  Quantockshead,  and  in  the  following  year  to  the 
Prebend  of  Combe  Decima  in  Wells  Cathedral,  and  also 
to  the  Vicarage  of  Minehead.  Although  holding  two  bene- 
fices with  cure  of  souls,  thirteen  miles  apart,  he  does  not 
appear  to  have  resided  constantly  on  either.  In  February 
1809,  he  wrote  from  St.  Audries  : — 

"  I  have  lately  received  two  letters  from  the  Bishop.  In  the 
former  one,  he  mentions  the  absolute  necessity  of  my  renewing 
my  licence  for  non-residence,  as  otherwise  he  must  represent 
me  as  such  (sic)  to  the  iPrivy  Council  at  Lady  Day  next.  In 
answer  therefore,  I  requested  him  to  grant  me  that  (licence)  for 
East  Quantoxhead,  there  being — as  I  suggested  to  him — no 
occasion  for  one  for  Minehead,  having  a  curate  constantly 
residing  thereon.  He  also  made  particular  inquiries  about  the 
house  there,  in  what  state  it  was,  and  whether  habitable.  I 
represented  it  as  by  no  means  fit  for  any  one's  residence. 
Notwithstanding,  he  observes  in  his  second  letter  the  necessity 
of  having  one  (licence)  for  that  place  also,  and  has  in  conse- 
quence sent  me  one  for  each  place,  valid  till  ist  January  next. 
There  cannot  be  any  just  reason,  I  think,  for  his  thus  acting, 
but  merely  to  put  an  additional  guinea  into  his  Secretary's 
pocket.  " 

The  letter  is  characteristic  of  the  manner  in  which  eccle- 
siastical rules  were  regarded  at  the  time.  Alexander  Fownes 
Luttrell  married,  in  1807,  Lucy  daughter  of  John  Gatchell, 
who  died  in  1844.  He  predeceased  her  by  many  years, 
dying  in  18 16.     They  had  issue  a  son  and  a  daughter  : — 

Alexander  Henry,  born  in  1808.  He  was  instituted  to 
the  Vicarage  of  Minehead  in  1832,  and  held  it  more  than 
sixty-six  years,  until  his  death  in  February  1899.  He  mar- 
ried, in  1837,  Charlotte  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Jeremy, 
who  died  in  October  1887,  and  had  issue  two  children  : — 
Alexander  John,  born  in  1839  ^'"^^  <^i^^  ^^  1851. 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  535 

Margaret  Charlotte,   married  In  January   1870  to  her 
cousin  John  Alexander  Fownes  Luttrell,  R.N. 
Caroline  Lucy,  born  In  181 1,  married  In  1836  to  Edward 
Jordan  Yeatman,  H.E.I.C.5. 


Francis  Fownes  Luttrell  and  his  descendants. 

Francis  Fownes  Luttrell,  fifth  son  of  Henry  and 
Margaret  (page  260),  was  born  at  Dunster  on  the  9th  of 
February  1756,  and  baptized  on  the  following  day.  A  bill 
for  his  conveyance  to  Eton  In  January  1771,  shows  that  the 
journey  then  took  three  days.  On  the  first  day,  he  rode 
to  Bridgewater,  and  drove  thence  in  a  chaise  to  Piper's  Inn, 
and  so  In  another  to  Wells.  On  the  second  day,  one  chaise 
conveyed  him  to  Bath,  and  a  second  to  Devizes.  On  the 
third  day,  the  route  lay  through  Marlborough  and  Reading. 
In  1773,  Francis  Fownes  Luttrell  matriculated  at  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  and  he  eventually  proceeded  to  the  degree 
of  D.C.L.  In  the  meanwhile  he  was  called  to  the  bar  at 
the  Middle  Temple.  From  1780  to  1783,  he  sat  in  the 
House  of  Commons  for  the  borough  of  MInehead,  obviously 
as  a  stop-gap.  In  December  1793,  he  was  appointed  a 
Commissioner  of  Customs,  and  in  course  of  time  he  became 
one  of  the  Chairmen  of  the  Board.  He  married,  on  the 
2 1  St  of  April  1788,  Charlotte  third  daughter  of  Francis 
Drewe  of  Grange  In  Devonshire,  a  younger  sister  of  his 
eldest  brother's  wife.  They  had  issue  five  sons  and  seven 
daughters  : — 

Henry,  born  In  London  on  the  3rd  of  February  1789, 
and  baptized  at  Dunster  on  the  15th  of  October. 
He  was  educated  at  Westminster  and  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  where  he  became  B.A.  In  18 10. 
Like  his  father,  he  joined  the  Society  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  but  he  died  on  the  20th  of  July  18 13. 

Francis,  born  on  the  4th  of  July  1795,  ^'^d  died  in 
infancy. 


536         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

Francis  Wynne,  born  on  the  24th  of  June  iSoi,  and 

died  on  the  loth  of  September  1820. 
Edward  (i),  born  on  the  6th  of  October  1803,  and  died 

in  infancy. 
Edward  (2),  born  on  the  12th  of  November  1806,  and 

died  in  infancy. 
Charlotte,  born  on  the  nth  of  May  1790,  married  on 

the   9th   of  August    1 8 10,   the   Ven.   Charles  Abel 

Moysey,  D.D.   Archdeacon   of  Bath,   and   died    in 

1819. 
Anne,  born  on  the  4th  of  November  1791,  married,  on 

the   24th  of  July    1829,  Abel   Moysey  of  Charter- 
house Hinton,  and  died  in  1846. 
Caroline,  born  on  the  4th  of  February  1793,  married, 

on  the  20th  of  January  1823,  Captain  Henry  Fan- 

shawe,  R.N.,  and  died  in  1863. 
Louisa  Frances,   born  on   the  9th  of  May    1794,  and 

died  on  the  i8th  of  July  18  17. 
Maria,  born  on  the  6th  of  November  1796,  and  died 

on  the   loth  of  September  1820,  at  Hembury  near 

Bristol. 
Mary  Frances,  born  on   the   26th  of  April    1798,  and 

died  in  1872. 
Marcia,  born  on  the  15th  of  August  1799,  married  at 

Winchester,  on  the  4th  of  February  1842,  Douglas 

Wynne  Stuart. 
Charlotte  Luttrell,  the  mother  of  this  large  family,  died 
on  the  27th  of  April  18 17.  There  is  a  very  pleasing  por- 
trait of  her  at  Dunster,  drawn  by  Down  man  before  her 
marriage.  Her  husband  survived  until  the  29th  of  April 
1823.     There  is  a  portrait  of  him  at  Bathealton  Court. 


Alexander   Fownes  Luttrell  (2)  and  his  descendants. 

Alexander  Fownes  Luttrell  (2),  fourth  son  of  John 
and  Mary  (p.  270),  was  born  on  the  28th  of  May  1793, 
and  baptized  at  Dunster.     He  was  educated  at  Eton  and 


J.  Dou-nmaii. 


CHARLOTTE    DREWE. 
(Mrs.  F.  FOWNES  LUTTRELL.) 


1761 


APP.  c.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  s?>7 

at  Exeter  College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
B.C.L.  In  1 8  19,  he  was  appointed  to  the  rectory  of  East 
Quantockshead,  which  he  held  for  almost  seventy  years.  This 
long  incumbency  is  in  itself  sufficiently  remarkable.  A  more 
remarkable  fact  is  that,  after  taking  his  eldest  son  to  Eton, 
about  the  year  1840,  he  never  passed  a  single  night  outside 
the  walls  of  his  own  house,  although  not  prevented  either 
by  want  of  means  or  health.  He  married,  in  May  1824, 
Jane  daughter  of  William  Leader  of  Putney  Hill,  who  died 
in  1 87 1.  At  the  time  of  his  own  death,  on  the  i8th  of 
October  1888,  he  was  probably  the  oldest  Etonian  and  the 
oldest  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England.  He  had  issue 
two  sons  and  two  daughters  : — 

Henry  Acland,  of  Badgworth  Court,  born  in  1826, 
and  educated  at  Eton,  where  he  was  Captain  of  the 
Boats.  In  1845,  he  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  at 
Trinity  College,  Oxford.  Entering  the  army,  he 
became  a  Captain  in  the  Rifle  Brigade,  and  after- 
wards Honorary  Colonel  of  the  3rd  Somerset  Light 
Infantry.  He  was  High  Sheriff  of  Somerset  in 
188  I,  and  was  created  a  C.B.  in  1887.  He  died  at 
Badgworth  Court  on  the  7th  of  July  1893,  ^"^  was 
buried  at  Weare.  By  Mary  Ann  his  wife,  daughter 
of  Joseph  Ruscombe  Poole,  who  married  him  in 
1857,  and  died  in  March  1908,  he  had  an  only 
daughter,  Eva. 

John  Alexander  of  Edington  near  Bridgewater,  born  on 
the  8th  of  December  1833.  Entering  the  Royal  Navy 
in  October  1 846,  as  an  Admiralty  Midshipman  on  the 
Collingwood,  he  eventually  became  a  Post  Captain. 
He  died  on  the  2nd  of  August  1889.  He  married, 
on  the  27th  of  January  1870,  Margaret  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Alexander  Henry  Fownes  Lut- 
trell.  Vicar  of  Minehead,  by  whom  he  had  issue  : — 

Alexander  Collingwood,  of  Leacombe  House,  Ax- 
minster,  born  on  the  21st  of  October  1870. 
He  married,  on  the  4th  of  October  1898, 
Florence  Blanche,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Elliot  Stapleton,  and  has  issue  two  children, 
Alexander  Henry,  and  Romola  Margaret. 


538         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  c. 

John  Leader,  born  in  November  1871.  He  enter- 
ed the  Royal  Navy,  and  was  mentioned  in 
despatches  in  connexion  with  the  expedition  to 
Pekin.  He  died,  a  Lieutenant,  on  the  25th  of 
October  1902. 

Henry  Jeremy,  born  in  1874,  died  in  infancy. 

Margaret  Jane,  married,  in  October  1898,  Oswald 
Vavasour  Yates. 

Florence  Louisa,  married,  in   February  1903,  the 
Rev.  Geoffrey  de  Ybarrando  Aldridge,  Rector  of 
Kingweston. 
Fanny  Harriet,  married,  in  April  1861,  John  Blommart 

of  Willett  House. 
Florence,   married,   in  July    1851,   Richard  Augustus 
Bethell,  afterwards  second  Lord  Westbury. 


APPENDIX  D. 

The  Luttrells  of  Luttrellstown  near  Dublin. 


The  history  of  the  Irish  Luttrells  is  varied  and  interesting, 
especially  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries.  One 
of  them  is  characterised  as  "  a  bad  man,  the  father  of  a  bad 
man,  and  the  grandfather  of  a  bad  man.  "  ^  They  do  not, 
however,  come  within  the  scope  of  the  present  work,  which 
deals  with  such  Luttrells  only  as  were  in  some  way  connected 
with  the  lords  of  Dunster. 

In  the  reign  of  George  the  Third,  and  possibly  earlier, 
there  was  an  idea  that  the  Irish  Luttrells  were  cadets  of  the 
old  English  family  of  that  name.  When  Simon  Luttrell  of 
Luttrellstown  near  Dublin  was  raised  to  the  peerage  of 
Ireland  in  1768,  he  was  created  Baron  Irnham.  So  again 
when  further  honours  were  conferred  upon  him,  he  became 
Viscount  Carhampton  in  178 1,  and  Earl  of  Carhampton  in 
1785.  The  titles  selected  imply  that  he  was  descended  not 
only  from  the  original  stock  of  the  Luttrells  in  Lincolnshire, 
but  also  from  the  branch  of  the  family  established  in  West 
Somerset. 

Anne,  the  beautiful  daughter  of  this  nobleman,  married, 
in  1 77 1,  Henry  Frederick,  Duke  of  Cumberland,  brother 
of  King  George  the  Third,  and,  in  the  same  year,  Joseph 
Edmondson,  Mowbray  Herald  Extraordinary,  compiled  a 
genealogical  table  professing  to  trace  her  descent  from  the 
time  of  William  the  Conqueror,  by  means  of  records,  family 
deeds  and  the  like.  It  is  an  elaborate  and  sumptuous  docu- 
ment, written  on  a  roll  of  fine  vellum  more  than  sixteen 
feet  in  length,  and  adorned  with  eighty  shields  richly  illum- 

'  Bedford,    The    Luttrells    of   Four  xxxiv.),  and  sections  in   Ball's  History 

Oaks,  p.  7.     Among  other  sources  of  of  the  County  of  Dnhliii  (part  iv.   pp. 

information  with  regard  to  this  family,  1-21)  and  Archdall's  edition  of  Lodge's 

there  are  several  articles  in  the  Diet-  Peerage  of  Ireland  (vol.  iii.  pp.  407- 

ionary    of   National    Biography    (vol.  413). 


540         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  d. 

inated.  ^  For  the  last  three  centuries  covered,  this  pedigree 
has  every  appearance  of  being  authentic  ;  the  early  part  of 
it  is  less  satisfactory.  The  really  critical  point,  however, 
comes  where  the  genealogist  attempts  to  connect  the  Irish 
Luttrells,  who  bore  for  arms  a  chevron  between  three 
otters,  with  the  English  Luttrells  who  bore  a  bend  between 
six  martlets.  He  does  it  by  making  a  bold  statement  that 
the  first  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  of  Dunster  had  a  younger  son 
Robert,  who  settled  in  Ireland  and  assumed  a  new  shield. 
No  evidence  whatever  is  offered  in  support  of  this  story. 

It  might  be  sufficient  to  observe  that  a  Herald  of  the 
time  of  George  the  Third  cannot  be  accepted  as  an  authority 
with  regard  to  persons  who  lived  in  the  first  half  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  and  that  the  Dunster  muniments,  so  rich 
in  respect  to  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  and  his  children,  contain  no 
allusion  to  a  son  named  Robert.  But  there  is  more  to  be 
said,  of  a  less  negative  character,  as  to  the  ancestry  of  the 
Earl  of  Carhampton  and  the  Duchess  of  Cumberland. 

It  has  been  seen  above  (pp.  60,  61)  that  Geoffrey  Luttrell, 
the  first  recorded  member  of  the  English  family  of  that 
name,  was  a  minister  of  King  John  in  Ireland,  and  acquired 
land  in  that  country.  Robert  Luttrell,  who  may  have  been 
related  to  him,  was  a  Canon  of  St.  Patrick's,  Dublin,  in 
1228,  and  for  a  time  the  King's  Chancellor  in  Ireland.  ^  At 
the  close  of  that  century,  Michael  Luttrell  had  property 
near  Lucan,  in  the  county  of  Dublin,  at  or  close  to  the  place 
afterwards  known  as  Luttrellstown.  ^  In  1349,  there  is 
mention  of  a  certain  Simon  Luttrell  in  the  same  neighbour- 
hood, and  it  may  be  noted  that  his  Christian  name  recurs 
in  the  pedigree  of  the  Irish  Luttrells.  *  Lastly,  a  certain 
Robert  Luttrell,  son  of  John  Luttrell,  occurs  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  the  Fifth  as  owning  the  land  that  had  belonged  to 
Simon  Luttrell  some  sixty  years  before.  ^  This  is,  appar- 
ently, the  very  Robert  whom  Edmondson  and  others  fol- 
lowing him  have  chosen  to  describe  as  a  younger  son  of  Sir 
Hugh  Luttrell  of  Dunster. 

'  This  pedigree,  in  its  original  case  ^  Ibid.  I28s-i2g2,  pp.  97,  157  ;  Cat- 
covered  with  red  morocco,was  recently  endar  of  Justiciary  Rolls,   I2gs-i30i, 
on  sale  by  Mr.  E.  Menken  of  50  Great  pp.  76,  222,  301. 
Russell  Street,  London.                                     ■•  Ball,  p.  3. 

*  Calendar  of  documents  relating  to  *  Twenty-Jour th    Report    of   Deputy 

Irelatidy  ii^i-i2§i,  passim.  Keeper  of  Records  in  Ireland,  p.  100. 


SEALS   8-IO. 


Sir  Andrew  Luttrell. 
d.   1265. 


Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell. 
d.  1269  or  1270. 


10. 


Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrel 
d.  1269  or  1270. 


APPENDIX   E. 

The  Arms  and  Seals  of  the  Luttrells. 


The  heraldry  of  the  Luttrell  family  presents  several 
points  of  interest,  and  the  series  of  seals  of  the  Somerset 
branch,  preserved  among  the  muniments  at  Dunster  Castle, 
is  remarkably  perfect. 

Nothing  is  known  as  to  the  arms  that  Geoffrey  Luttrell, 
the  founder  of  the  family,  may  have  borne.  His  son.  Sir 
Andrew  Luttrell,  who  died  in  1265,  granted  East  Quan- 
tockshead  to  his  second  son  Alexander,  and  ratified  the  deed 
with  a  seal  bearing  three  bars  on  a  pointed  shield,  and  the 
legend  : — "  sigill  andre  luterel.  "  ^  There  are  no  means 
of  ascertaining  what  the  tinctures  of  the  shield  may  have  been. 
The  woodcut  (No.  8)  is  copied  from  a  finer  impression  of 
the  same  seal  in  the  British  Museum.  ^ 

The  bearing  of  the  three  bars  must  have  been  soon 
abandoned,  for  a  deed  of  the  year  1261,  by  which  "  Geoffrey 
Luterel,  son  of  Sir  Andrew  Luterel,  "  granted  common  of 
pasture  at  Hooton  Paynell  to  the  Prior  and  brethren  of 
St.  John  of  Jerusalem  in  England,  is  attested  by  a  green 
seal  (No.  9)  bearing  the  device  of  six  martlets,  and  the 
legend — "  sigill.  galfridi  luterel.  "  '  Another  deed,  by 
which  the  same  Geoffrey  conveyed  the  manor  of  East 
Quantockshead  to  his  younger  brother  Alexander,  is  attested 
by  a  white  seal  (No.  10)  which  shows  four  martlets  on  a 
shield  divided  quarterly.  *  The  legend  round  the  seal  has 
unfortunately  disappeared. 

The  grandson  of  Geoffrey  Luttrell,  of  the  same  name, 
bore  for  his  arms  : — Azure  a  bend  between  six  martlets 

1  D.C.M.  xxn,  I.  '  Topham  Charter  16. 

2  Add.  Charter  21268.  *  D.C.M.  xxii,  i. 


542         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  e. 

argent.  ^  This  coat  was  certainly  borne  by  his  descendants 
the  Luttrells  of  Irnham,  co.  Lincoln,  though  some  modern 
books  erroneously  assign  to  them  the  arms  of  the  Luttrells 
of  Somerset.  ^  It  is,  or  was,  to  be  seen  in  the  church  of 
Hawton,  co.  Nottingham,  ^  and  it  occurs  several  times  in 
the  Luttrell  Psalter.  In  that  beautiful  manuscript.  Dame 
Agnes  Luttrell  is  represented  as  attired  in  a  dress  on  which 
her  husband's  arms  are  impaled  with  those  of  Sutton — Or 
a  lion  rampant  vert.  Her  daughter-in-law.  Dame  Beatrice 
Luttrell,  appears  in  the  same  illumination  in  a  dress  on 
which  the  arms  of  Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  are  impaled  with 
Azure  a  bend  or,  a  label  argent^  for  Scrope  of  Masham.  ^ 
The  arms  of  a  later  Sir  Andrew  are  duly  blazoned  in  a  roll 
of  the  time  of  Richard  the  Second  as  Azure  a  bend  between 
six  martlets  argent.  ^  His  son.  Sir  Geoffrey,  the  last  of  the 
Luttrells  of  Irnham  had  a  beautiful  seal  (No.  1 1),  on  which 
his  arms  are  shown  under  a  richly  mantled  helmet  crowned 
with  an  orle  and  surmounted  by  his  crest,  a  fish's  tail.  The 
trees  on  either  side  of  the  helmet  appear  to  have  been  in- 
troduced merely  as  ornaments.     The  legend  runs  : — "  siG- 

ILLUM   GALFRIDI    LOUTERELL.  "  ^ 

Like  their  cousins  in  Lincolnshire,  the  Luttrells  of  East 
Quantockshead  bore  for  arms  a  bend  between  six  martlets, 
but  with  this  important  difference  that  the  field  was  blazoned 
or  instead  of  azure,  and  the  charges  on  it  sal>/e  instead  of 
argent.  Thus,  in  a  Roll  of  Arms  of  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  Second,  we  read  : — 

"  Sire  Andreu  Loterel,  de  or,  a  une  hende  e  vj  merelos  de 
sable. 

Sire  Geffrey  Loterel,  de  azure,  a  une  bende  e  vj  merelos 
de  argent.  "^ 

Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  of  East  Quantockshead  is  there 
placed  among  the  knights  of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  because 
his  estates  in  Somerset  were  held  under  his  cousin  Sir 
Geoffrey. 

'  Guillim'sRollof  Armsof  thetimeof  //awjs/nV^,  vol.  i,  p.  357. 
Edward  I.,  printed  in  The  Genealogist,  *  Vetiista  Moniimcnta,  vol.  vi. 

vol.  i,  p.  325.  *  Willement's  Roll  of  Arms. 

*  Nicolab'a  Roll  of  Ar^ns  of  the  reign  *  Brit. Museum,  Add. Charters, 21037, 
of  Edward  II.,  2.nA  Roll  of  Arms  of  the  21038. 

reign  of  Edward  III.  '  Nicolas's  Roll  of  Arms  of  the  reign 

*  Thoroton's  Antiquities  of  Notting-      of  Edward  II. 


SEALS    I  I  - 1 4. 


12. 
Sir  Alexander 

Luttrell. 
fi-  13^8-1354. 


Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell. 
d.  1419. 


13- 

Sir  John  Luttrell, 

K.B. 

d.  1403. 


14. 

Dame  Elizabeth  Luttrell. 

d.  1395. 


APP.  E.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  543 

Sir  Alexander  Luttrell,  the  son  and  successor  of  this  Sir 
Andrew,  used  a  small  seal  (No.  12)  showing  his  coat  of 
arms  within  a  decorated  quatrefoil.     The  legend  runs  : — 

"  SIGILLU.  ALEXANDRI    LOTERELL.  "   ^ 

Sir  John  Luttrell,  K.B.  in  whom  the  main  line  of  the 
Luttrells  of  East  Quantockshead  became  extinct  in  1403, 
used  a  small  seal  (No.  13)  bearing  his  arms  and  the  legend: — 
"siGiLL.  joHis  LOTERELL.  "  ^  The  bend  on  the  shields  is 
cross-barred — an  accidental  forestalling  by  two  centuries  of 
the  modern  system  of  representing  sal^/e  in  heraldry. 

The  Luttrells  of  Chilton,  in  Devon,  a  cadet  branch  of  the 
Luttrells  of  East  Quantockshead,  differenced  their  shield 
by  the  addition  of  a  bordure  engrailed  sal?k.  The  seal  of 
Dame  Elizabeth  Luttrell,  the  purchaser  of  Dunster  (No.  14), 
shows  the  Luttrell  arms  within  this  bordure,  impaled  with 
those  of  Courtenay,  the  whole  shield  mounted  on  a  double 
rose.  The  legend  round  this  beautiful  seal  is  : — "  sigil- 
LUM  ELIZABETH  LUTERELL.  "  ^  The  arms  of  this  Lady 
Luttrell  are,  or  were,  to  be  seen  at  Canterbury.  * 

In  the  month  of  September  1403,  six  standards  bearing 
the  arms  of  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  were  delivered  to  some  ships 
that  were  to  convey  provisions  to  him  in  Wales  from  the 
port  of  Minehead.  ^  When  he  served  under  Henry  the 
Fifth,  at  the  siege  of  Rouen  a  few  years  later,  his  shield 
was  blazoned — Or,  a  bend  between  six  martlets  saMe  within 
a  bordure  engrailed  of  the  same. "  These  arms  appear  on 
the  seal  (No.  15)  which  he  used  during  the  greater  part  of 
his  life,  for  legal  and  official  purposes  in  England  and  in 
Normandy  alike.  Proud  of  the  Bohun  blood  that  ran  in 
his  veins,  he  placed  over  his  shield  a  swan,  the  well-known 
badge  of  the  Bohun  family.  The  legend  on  the  seal  is — 
"  siGiLLUM  HUGONis  LUTRELL  MiLiTis.  "  ^  In  attesting  priv- 
ate letters,  warrants  to  his  receiver-general,  and  other  papers 
of  an  informal  character,  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  used  a  small 
signet  (No.  16)  bearing  a  single  martlet  and  two  sprigs  of 
foliage,  instead  of  his  large  heraldic  seal.  ^  Some  impres- 
sions of  this  signet,  preserved  among  the  muniments  at 

'  D.C.M.  XXII.  2.  *  Page  8i  above. 

'  D.C.M.  XXII,  4.  «  Had.  MS.  1586,  f.  85. 

'  D.C.M.  XXXVII,  41.  '  D.C.M.,  and    Brit.  Museum  Add. 

*  Willement's    Heraldic  Notices    oj      Charter,  1397. 
Canterbury,  p.  160.  '  D.C.M.  xi.  i. 


544  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  e. 

Dunster  Castle,  are  attached  to  documents  written  on  parch- 
ment by  a  little  strip  of  that  material  as  shown  in  the 
woodcut  ;  others  are  affixed  to  the  manuscripts  themselves 
en  placard,  on  a  foundation  made  of  a  twist  of  straw.  Dame 
Catherine  Luttrell,  Sir  Hugh's  wife,  used  a  signet  (No.  17) 
bearing  a  Catherine-wheel  in  allusion  to  her  Christian  name.^ 
There  is  in  a  volume  at  the  College  of  Arms  a  bad  transcript 
of  a  very  interesting  French  deed  by  which  Hugh  Courtenay, 
Earl  of  Devon,  granted  his  badges  to  his  cousin  Sir  Hugh 
Luttrell,  in  1421.^     It  runs  as  follows  : — 

"  A  tons  yceux  que  cestes  nos  lettres  verront  ou  orront  Hugh 
Courtnay,  Count  de  Devon  et  S"^  d^  Ockhampton,  feiz  et  hair 
a  Mons^  r honorable  (?)  '  et  tresnohle  5"  Edward  Courtney, 
Count  de  Devon  et  S'^  d'Okhampton,  que  Dieu  assoile,  saluz 
en  Dieu.  Sachez  nous  avons  don  et  grante  et  par  y cestes 
nos  lettres  confirme  a  nostre  treschere  et  bon  ame  coseyn 
Hugh  Lutrel  Clf  et  5""  Donstarre  nos  bages,  cest  a  savoire 
un  Sengler  Blanc  arme  d'or  portans  come  nous  portons, 
avecque  un  diffrence  dun  doble  rose  dor  sur  lespald  en  dit 
sengler,  a  avoir  et  tenoir  le  dites  bages  de  nostre  don  al  dit 
S'^  Hugh  de  Luttrell  et  ses  heires  a  tous  jours  En  test- 
monance  de  quel  chose  a  ycestes  nos  presentz  lettres  nous 
avons  mis  nostre  seale  de  nous  armes.  Donne  a  Plimmouth 
le  1 3  jour  de  Juell,  a  temps  que  nous  avons  *  priz  nostre 
voyage  ^  par  grace  de  Deux  envers  nostre  tresouveraigne 
Roy  en  Normandie,  Pan  du  raigne  le  dit  nostre  .S'  le  Roy 
S^  le  Henri  quint  puis  le  Conquest  9""  ® 

On  the  strength  of  this,  the  Luttrell  crest  is  given  as  a 
boar  passant  argent,  armed  or,  charged  on  the  shoulder  with 
a  double  rose  of  the  second,  a  notable  example  of  one  metal 
being  placed  on  another.  In  point  of  fact  the  boar  was 
never  used  as  a  crest  or  as  a  badge  by  the  Luttrells  of 
Dunster.     It  is  possible  that  the  double  rose  on  the  seal  of 

'  D. CM.  XXII.  II.  only  on  the    authority    of    Sampson 

*  C.  22.  f.  394.  Leonard,  the  very  Herald  who  com- 

*  "  Thome  "  in  transcript.  piled  the  MS.  at  the  College  of  Arms. 

*  "a  notnc"  in  transcript.  He  is  said  to  have  seen  the  original 

*  "  Brage  "  in  transcript.  deed  with   the   Earl  of   Devon's  seal 

*  The  year  is  given  as  7  Henry  V,  attached,  but  Prynne  does  not  men- 
instead  of  9  Henry  V,  in  a  translation  tion  it  in  the  Calendar  of  the  Muni- 
of  this  document  in  Cleaveland's//js/or>'  ments  at  Dunster  Castle  which  he  made 
of  the  Family  of  Courtenay,  p.  211,  but  in  1650. 


SEALS    15-18. 


16. 

Sir  Hugh  Luttrell. 

d.  1428. 


15. 

Sir  Hugh  Luttrell. 

d.  1428. 


I/- 
Dame  Catherine 

Luttrell. 
d.  1435- 


18. 

Sir  Hugh  Luttrell. 

d.  1428. 


APP.  E.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  545 

Dame  Elizabeth  Luttrell,  already  described,  may  have  been 
derived  from  the  Courtenays,  though  of  course  not  in  con- 
sequence of  the  grant  to  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  which  was  not 
made  until  some  years  after  her  death.  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell 
seems  to  have  placed  a  peculiar  interpretation  of  his  own 
on  the  grant  of  his  noble  kinsman,  for,  while  practically 
rejecting  the  badge  of  the  white  boar  proffered  in  it,  he 
adopted  the  crest  and  the  supporters  of  the  head  of  the 
Courtenay  family.  The  fine  heraldic  seal  (No.  18),  which 
he  used  during  the  last  few  years  of  his  life,  is  a  free  copy 
of  that  which  the  Earl  of  Devon  affixed  to  the  French  deed 
just  quoted.  ^  On  both  of  them  the  crest  is  a  hrge panac/iCj 
or  plume  of  feathers,  rising  out  of  a  coronet  which  encircles 
the  helmet  ;  on  both  of  them  the  supporters  are  a  pair  of 
swans  collared  and  chained,  as  borne  by  the  Bohuns. 

The  shield  on  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell's  second  seal  shows  the 
bend  and  the  six  martlets,  without  the  engrailed  bordure 
which  appears  on  his  first  seal.  By  the  successive  deaths  of 
Sir  John  Luttrell,  K.B.  of  East  Quantockshead,  in  1403, 
and  Sir  Geoffrey  Luttrell,  of  Irnham,  in  141 9,  Sir  Hugh 
Luttrell  had  become  the  chief  male  representative  of  his 
family,  and  there  was  no  longer  any  occasion  for  him  to 
exhibit  a  mark  of  cadency  on  his  coat  of  arms.  The  legend 
on  his  second  seal  is — "  s.  hugonis  [lutrell]  militis  dni 

DE  DUNSTERRE.  "  ^ 

For  many  years  after  attaining  his  majority,  John  Luttrell 
was  in  the  habit  of  using  a  seal  (No.  19)  closely  resembling 
the  first  seal  of  his  father,  Sir.  Hugh.  It  will  be  observed, 
however,  that  the  swan  above  the  shield  is  represented  with 
closed  wings,  and  that  the  shield  is  charged  with  a  label 
as  a  mark  of  cadency.  The  legend  is  :  — "  sigillum 
joHANNis  LUTTRELL  ARMiGERi.  "  ^  John  Luttrell  also  had  a 
signet  (No.  20)  bearing  the  device  of  an  otter  with  some 
water  and  a  letter  *  l  '  below  and  the  letters  *  trell  '  above, 
which  was  evidently  intended  as  a  pun  on  his  surname,  as  the 
French  for  an  otter,  loutre,  when  followed  by  the  syllable 
'  trell  '  made  up  '  Lcutretrell, '  or  shortly  '  Loutrell.  '  * 
Such  a  signet,  though  good  enough  for  an  heir  apparent,  was 

'  There  are  several  impressions  of  -  D.C.M.  xxiv.  6. 

the  seal  of  Hugh,  Earl  of  Devon,  in  ^  D.C.M.  xxxvii.  46,  52. 

the  British  Museum.  *  D.C.M.  xxxvi.  2. 


546 


A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  e. 


not  deemed  worthy  of  the  Lord  of  Dunster,  and  the  lawyers 
of  the  day  seem  to  have  raised  objections  to  it.  The  result 
was  that  when  John  Luttrell  affixed  it  to  a  release,  shortly 
after  his  father's  death,  a  memorandum  was  drawn  up  to  the 
effect  that  he  had  sealed  the  deed  with  his  signet  in  the 
presence  of  certain  credible  witnesses,  but  that  he  would 
seal  it  again  with  a  seal  bearing  his  coat  of  arms  after  his 
next  visit  to  London,  where  he  intended  to  order  a  suitable 
seal.  ^  He  had  probably  abandoned  his  first  heraldic  seal  at 
the  time  when  his  father  resolved  to  omit  the  engrailed 
bordure  from  the  arms  of  the  Luttrells  of  Dunster.  The 
new  seal  engraved  for  him  resembles  the  later  heraldic  seal 
of  his  father  (No.  i8),  but  he  is  still  described  on  it  as 
'  esquire  (armigeri)  '  '  It  is  recorded  in  the  Heralds'  Visit- 
ation of  the  county  of  Devon,  that 

"  This  Sir  John   tooke   the  Queen  of  Scotts  prisoner  in  the 
fielde,  after  which  hee  bare  a  Coronett  for  his  Creast,  and  after 
he  took  an  Earle  of  France  prisoner,  and  may  here  a  swan  for 
his  Creast,  collered  and  chained.  "  * 
The  story,  however,  is  not  supported  by  any  contemporary 
evidence,  and  it  may  safely  be  dismissed  as  mythical,  inas- 
much as  the  crest-coronet  and  the  chained  swan  were  alike 
borne  by  Sir  John  Luttrell's  father  and  derived  from  the 
Courtenays.    Dame  Margaret  Luttrell,  the  relict  of  Sir  John, 
did  not  use  a  signet,  her  receipts  being  simply  attested  by 
her  signature. 

James  Luttrell,  Sir  John's  son  and  successor,  bore  on  his 
signet  (No.  21)  a  single  martlet.  *  His  larger  seal  (No.  22) 
shows  the  Luttrell  shield  supported  by  swans.  Here  first 
appears  the  crest  of  an  otter  which  was  used  by  several  of 

1  "  Memorandum    quod    Johannes  sigillum    suuin    erit  factum,   quia   in 

Lutrell,filiiis  et  heres  Hugouis  Lutrcll,  veritaic  sigillum  siinm  non  est  adhuc 

sigillavit  islam  relaxacioiicm  cum  signc-  factum,  scd  erit,  qua iido  predictus  Jo- 

to  sua  apiid  Glastiouiam  in  comitatu  hannes    Lutrcll,  proxime    venerit    ad 

Somersclensi  tcrcio  die  Scplemhris  anno  Loiidoniam,  quod  erit  infra  breve  tem- 

regni  Regis  Henrici  Sexti  post  conqties-  pus.  "     Transcript  of  Surrenden  Char- 

tunt  seplimo,  in  presencia  Thome  Stawell  ters  made  by  the  late  Rev.   Lambert 

militis,  Hiigonis  Cary  senescalli  Abbatis  B.  Larking. 

Glastonic,  Thome  Leiiesham  deScaccario  -  Court  of  Wards,   Deeds  and  Evi- 

domini  Regis,  WiUclmi  Corner  et  Thome  dences,  Box  2. 

Colbrokc  armigeronim,  et  plurimorum  ^  Harl.  MSS.   T080,  f.   156;    1163,  f. 

aliorum.     Et  predictus  Johannes  Lut-  116.     The  early  part   of   the  Luttrell 

rell  concessit  prcfato  Hiigoni  Cary  ad  pedigree  there  given  is  not  entitled  to 

sigillandam    predictam     relaxacionem  any  sort  of  credit. 

cum  sigillo  armorum  suorum  quando  *  D.C.M.  xxxv,  4. 


SEALS    19-22. 


20. 

Sir  John  Luttrcll 
d.  1430. 


19. 

Sir  John  Luttrell. 

d.  1430. 


21. 

Sir  James  Luttrell. 

d,  1461. 


22. 


Sir  James  Luttrell. 
d.  1 46 1. 


APP.  E.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  547 

his  descendants.  The  legend  is  simply  :— "  James  lut- 
RELL, "  and  the  character  of  the  engraving  shows  the 
decadence  in  art.  ^ 

Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  K.B.  the  eventual  successor  to  Sir  James, 
used  a  somewhat  similar  seal  (No.  23).     The  legend  is  :— 

«  HUGH   LUTTRELL,  KNYGHT.  "  '       His  signet  (No.    24)   whlch 

is  square  in  form  bears  a  martlet  reversed  and  a  sprig  of 
foliage.  '  This  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  appears  to  have  put  up 
the  heraldic  tablet  which  is  to  be  seen  over  the  western  arch 
of  the  Gatehouse  at  Dunster  Castle.  The  Luttrell  shield  is 
there  represented  in  the  upper  compartment  as  supported 
on  the  backs  of  two  swans,  collared  and  chained  as  usual. 
Over  this  is  a  richly  mantled  helm  affrontee  and  in  high 
relief,  carrying  as  a  crest  some  animal  of  which  the  body 
and  the  forelegs  alone  now  remain,  while  above  all  a  second 
crest,  an  otter  courant,  is  shown  on  the  same  plane  as  the 
shield.    In  the  lower  compartment  there  are  eight  shields: — 

1.  Luttrell    (without    any    bordure)    impaUng   Courtenay  ; 

2.  Luttrell  impaling  Beaumont;  3.  Luttrell  impaling  Audley; 
4.  Luttrell  impaling  Courtenay  of  Powderham  ;  5.  Luttrell 
impaling  Hill;  6.  Luttrell  impaling  a  blank.*  The  seventh 
and  eighth  shields  are  blank.  The  arms  of  Sir  Hugh 
Luttrell,  impaling  a  saltire  'z;^/V  between  four  mullets  pierced, 
the  arms  of  his  first  wife  Margaret  Hill,  are  also  on  his 
monument  in  the  church  of  East  Quantockshead. 

Sir  Andrew  Luttrell  did  not  fill  up  the  shield  prepared 
for  him  on  the  Gatehouse  at  Dunster,  but  his  arms  impaled 
with  those  of  Wyndham,  a  chevron  between  three  lions' 
heads,  are  carved  on  the  monument  at  East  Quantockshead. 
It  does  not  appear  whether  he  ever  had  a  heraldic  seal. 
His  signet  (No.  25)  bears  his  badge  the  swan  collared,  and 
a  French  motto  which  may  be  read  either  "  tous  sur,  "  or 

"  sur  TOUS.  "  '" 

Mention  has  been  made  of  Dame  Margaret  Luttrell's 
bequest  to  her  daughter,  Margaret  Edgcumbe,  of  her  best 
and  largest  carpet,  a  piece  of  silken  tapestry  measuring  1 8  ft. 
3  in.  by  6  ft.  7  in. ""  The  ground  of  the  central  portion  is 
black,  ornamented  with  an  elaborate  geometrical  pattern  of 

'  D.C.M.  XXXVII,  15.  ■•  See  page  363  above. 

2  D.C.M.  I.  30  ;  II.  4.  '  D.C.M.  v.  18. 

'  D.C.M.  ^  Page  141  above. 


548  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.      app.  e. 

yellow  circles,  interlaced  with  floriated  yellow  quatrefoils  and 
green  squares.  In  the  centre  of  each  circle  there  is  a  blue 
floriated  cross  radiating  from  a  stifl*  yellow  sunflower  :  in  the 
centres  of  the  quatrefoils  and  squares,  Tudor  roses  alternate 
with  honeysuckles.  The  border  has  a  running  pattern  of 
honeysuckles  and  sunflowers  on  a  red  ground.  At  inter- 
vals, white  lilies,  growing  in  the  border,  impinge  upon  the 
central  part  of  the  design.  The  heraldic  adornments  of  the 
carpet  are  very  interesting  and  beautiful.  In  the  centre, 
surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  lilies,  honeysuckles,  and  daisies, 
and  hanging  from  the  neck  of  a  white  swan,  is  the  shield  of 
Luttrell  impaling  Wyndham,  with  the  initials  of  Sir  Andrew 
Luttrell  below.  ^  On  the  left  of  it,  surrounded  by  a  wreath 
of  lilies  and  daisies,  is  the  shield  of  Luttrell  impaling  Hill, 
with  the  initials  '  H  '  (reversed)  and  *  M  '  below,  standing 
for  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  and  Margaret  his  wife.  On  the 
right,  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  lilies  and  cherries  issuing 
from  a  vase,  is  the  shield  of  Luttrell  impaling  Courtenay  of 
Powderham,  with  the  initials  of  Sir  James  Luttrell  above.  ^ 
On  these  three  principal  shields,  gold  thread  and  silver 
thread  are  used  for  the  two  heraldic  metals.  In  the  border 
there  are  twelve  simpler  shields,  varying  considerably  in 
shape  and  size,  and  placed  at  irregular  intervals  without 
regard  to  the  symmetry  of  the  general  design.  These  are: — 
Luttrell  impaling  Beaumont  ;  Wyndham  impaling  Scrope 
quartered  with  Tibetot  ;  Luttrell  impaling  Audley;  Luttrell 
impaling  Hill  :  Luttrell  impaling  Wyndham  ;  Luttrell  im- 
paling Hill;  Luttrell  impaling  Wyndham;  Luttrell  impahng 
Hill  ;  Luttrell  impaling  Audley;  Courtenay  of  Powderham; 
Beaumont  ;  Courtenay  of  Powderham.  It  will  be  observed 
that  the  arrangement  of  the  shields  is  casual.  There  are  no 
crests  or  mottoes  on  the  carpet.  It  must  have  been  made 
for  the  high  table  at  Dunster  or  East  Quantockshead,between 
1 5 14  and  1538,  or  at  latest  1543. 

Sir  John  Luttrell,  the  *  noble  captain,  '  used  a  signet 
(No.  26)  which  bears  a  swan  collared  and  chained,  without 
any  motto.  ^  After  his  death,  this  signet  was  successively 
used  by  his  brother  Thomas,  and  his  nephew  George  Lut- 

'  See  the  illustration  facing  page  137.      signed  :  —  "   By    me    John    Luttrell, 

*  See  the  illustration  facing  page  120.       Squyar.  " 

*  D.C.M.  XIX.  25.  This  deed  is  also 


SEALS   23-27. 


24 

Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  K.B 

d.  1521. 


26. 
Sir  John  Luttrell. 
cl.   1551. 


25. 

Sir  Andrew  Luttrell. 
d.  1538. 


23- 
Sir  Hugh  Luttrell,  K.B. 

d.  1521. 


27. 
Nicholas  Luttrel 
d.  1592. 


APP.  E.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  549 

trell.  ^  It  is  not  certain  whether  the  peacock  in  the  curious 
allegorical  portrait  of  Sir  John  Luttrell  is  intended  as  an 
allusion  to  the  panache  crest  of  the  Luttrell  family  or  as  an 
emblem  of  Juno.  A  picture  in  which  his  daughter,  Lady 
Copley,  is  represented  in  a  heraldic  mantle  has  been  men- 
tioned above.  ^ 

Nicholas  Luttrell  of  Honibere,  a  younger  brother  of  Sir 
John,  bore  on  his  signet  (No.  27)  a  bird  which  somewhat 
resembles  a  crow,  but  which  was  doubtless  intended  to 
represent  a  martlet.  ^  His  descendants,  the  Luttrells  of 
Hartland,  differenced  the  arms  of  the  Luttrells  of  Dunster 
by  the  addition  of  a  crescent.  According  to  the  Heralds' 
Visitation  of  Devonshire,  they  bore  as  a  crest  the  Courtenay 
badge  granted  to  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  by  the  Earl  of  Devon, 
a  boar  argent^  armed  and  crined  or,  charged  on  the  shoulder 
with  a  double  rose  of  the  second.  ^ 

On  a  brass  of  the  year  1566,  which  was  once  to  be  seen 
in  the  church  of  Bryanston,  in  Dorset,  there  were  engraved 
the  arms  of  Rogers  impaled  with  those  of  Luttrell,  charged 
with  a  mullet  for  difference,  recording  the  alliance  between 
Sir  Richard  Rogers  of  that  place  and  Cecily  daughter  of  Sir 
Andrew  Luttrell,  of  Dunster.  ^ 

As  has  already  been  stated,  Thomas  Luttrell  of  Dunster, 
and  his  son  "  old  George  Luttrell,  "  the  rebuilder  of  the 
Castle,  used  the  signet  of  Sir  John  Luttrell  (No.  26).  The 
latter  of  these  two,  however,  found  it  convenient  to  have  a 
distinctive  seal  of  his  own,  and  reverted  to  the  panac/ie  crest, 
which  had  not  been  used  by  his  ancestors  since  the  time  of 
the  first  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell.  His  seal  (No.  28)  shows  a 
plume  of  twelve  feathers  arranged  in  two  rows  rising  out  of 
a  crest-coronet.  ^  The  otter,  however,  still  appears  as  the 
crest  over  the  coat  of  arms  which  George  Luttrell  set  up  in 
the  Hall  at  Dunster  Castle  in  1589.  The  shield  there,  sup- 
ported by  two  swans  collared  and  chained  proper,  is  divided 
quarterly  i  and  4  Luttrell,  2  and  3  quarterly,  i  and  2  guks 
on  a  chevron  or  three  cross-crosslets  sah/e  for  Hadley, 
2  and  3  or  on  a  bend  cotised  sai?ie  three  bears'  heads  argent, 

'  D.C.M.  *  Diary  of  Richard  Symonds  (Cam- 

*  Page  164.  den  Society),  p.  128. 
^  D.C.M.  XIV.  12.  fi  D.C.M.  VII.  17. 

*  Harl.  MS.  108,  f.  156. 


550         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  e. 

bridled  gules^  for  Durborough.  The  motto  baneath  is  : — 
"  QUiEsiTA  MARTE  TUENDA  ARTE.  "  Thcsc  arms  appear  again 
on  the  pompous  monument  which  George  Luttrell  set  up  in 
Dunster  Church  in  1621,  surmounted  in  this  case  by  two 
helmets  carrying  his  crests,  the  panache  and  the  otter.  The 
arms  of  George  Luttrell  with  the  panache  crest  occur  at  the 
Luttrell  Arms  Hotel,  at  Dunster,  and  at  the  manor-house  of 
East  Quantockshead.  In  a  room  on  the  first  floor  in  the 
former  of  these  houses,  the  arms  of  Luttrell  are  impaled 
with  a  chevron  between  three  trefoils  slipped,  the  reputed 
arms  of  Silvestra  Capps,  the  second  wife  of  George  Luttrell. 

Thomas  Luttrell,  eldest  son  and  successor  of  George, 
used  a  seal  of  which  the  woodcut  (No.  29)  is  to  some  extent 
a  conjectural  restoration,  the  original  impression  of  it  being 
very  much  defaced.  ^  The  arms  of  this  Thomas  Luttrell, 
impaled  with  those  of  his  wife  Jane  Popham,  argent  on  a 
chief  ^«/^j,  two  bucks'  heads  cabossed  or,  with  a  crescent  for 
diffxsrence,  may  be  seen  on  the  monument  in  Dunster  Church, 
and  at  the  old  house  at  Marshwood.  The  arms  of  his 
younger  brother  Hugh,  impaled  with  those  of  his  wife  Jane 
Lyte,  gules  a  chevron  between  three  swans  argent,  were  set 
up  in  the  domestic  chapel  of  the  old  manor-house  of  Lytes- 
cary  in  1631. 

Honora  Luttrell,  the  daughter-in-law  of  Thomas  Luttrell, 
used  a  small  seal  (No.  30)  which  had  doubtless  belonged  to 
her  husband,  George  Luttrell.  It  bears  the  Luttrell  arms 
with  an  otter  as  crest. 

Lucy  Luttrell,  the  relict  of  Francis  Luttrell,  the  next 
owner  of  Dunster  Castle,  used  a  very  similar  seal  (No.  31). 

Francis  Luttrell,  of  Dunster  Castle,  her  son,  also  used  a 
similar  seal  (No.  32)  rather  larger  in  size.  His  arms,  im- 
paled with  those  of  Tregonwell,  argent  three  pellets  in  fesse 
cotised  sable  between  three  Cornish  choughs  proper,  are 
introduced  into  the  ornamental  frieze  of  the  parlour  at 
Dunster  Castle,  supported  by  chained  swans  and  surmounted 
by  a  plume  of  feathers.  The  Tregonwell  crest  is  there 
given  on  a  separate  medallion. 

Colonel  Alexander  Luttrell,  of  Dunster  Castle,  used  a 
seal  (No.  33)  bearing  the  Luttrell  arms  differenced  with  a 

'  D.C.M.  VII.  17. 


SEALS   28-35. 


30- 
Honora  Luttrell. 

fl.  1652-1656. 


31- 
Lucy  Luttrell. 

d.  1718. 


Col.  Francis  Luttrell. 
tl.  1690. 


28. 

George  Luttrell. 

d.   1629. 


29. 

Thomas  Luttrell. 

d.  1644. 


33- 

Col.  Alex.  Luttrell. 

d.  I J  II. 


34. 
Alexander  Luttrell. 

d.    1737. 


35- 
Alexander  Luttrell. 

d-  1737- 


APP.  E.      A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  551 

crescent,  as  he  had  been  for  many  years  a  younger  son.  The 
crest  resembling  a  fox  is  presumably  an  otter. 

Alexander  Luttrell,  his  eldest  son  and  successor,  some- 
times used  this  seal,  but  had  another  (No.  34)  engraved  for 
himself,  on  which  his  arms  are  impaled  with  those  of 
Trevelyan,  gules  a  demi-horse  argent^  hoofed  and  maned  or, 
issuing  out  of  water  in  base  proper.  He  had  yet  another 
seal  (No.  't^^)^  which  shows  the  Luttrell  arms  supported  by 
chained  swans,  and  surmounted  by  a  well-shaped  panache. 
The  motto  is  — '  qu^sita  marte  tuenda  arte.  ' 

Between  the  date  of  the  death  of  this  Alexander  Luttrell 
and  that  of  her  own  re-marriage,  Margaret  his  relict  used  a 
seal  very  similar  to  his  smaller  seal  (No.  34),  but  with  the 
arms  on  a  lozenge  instead  of  a  shield. 

Since  the  marriage  of  the  heiress,  Margaret  Luttrell  with 
Henry  Fownes  in  1747,  they  and  their  descendants  have 
borne  a  quarterly  shield — i  and  4  Luttrell  ;  2  and  3 
Fownes  : — Azure  two  eagles  displayed,  and  in  base  a  mullet 
argent.  The  crest  of  the  otter  has  been  quietly  abandoned, 
and  the  fine  panache  crest  has  dwindled  into  a  plume 
of  five  stiff  feathers  issuing  out  of  a  coronet.  The  motto 
'  Quasita  marte  tuenda  arte  '  has  become  practically  heredit- 
ary, and  the  successive  heads  of  the  family  have  maintained 
the  claim — so  rare  among  English  commoners — of  using 
supporters.  The  swans  of  the  noble  Bohuns  and  Courtenays 
are  conspicuous  on  the  porch  of  Dunster  Castle. 


APPENDIX     F 


The  Priors  of  Dunster. 


The  following  is  the  fullest  list  of  the  Benedictine  Priors 
of  Dunster  that  has  yet  appeared.  Such  surnames  as 
Hampton,  Bristow  {i.e.  Bristol),  and  Abyndon  were  not 
patronymics,  and  merely  indicated  the  birthplaces  of  the 
monks  to  whom  they  were  applied. 

1257-1274.]      Martin.  ^ 

R.  (Richard  of  Childeston  .?) ' 

Walter.  ' 

Robert  of  Sutton.  * 

Adam  of  Cheddar.  ^ 

WiUiam  Thouer.  ^ 

Richard  of  Childeston.]  ^ 

John  Hervey.  ^ 

William  Bristow.  ^ 

John  Buryton.  ^^ 

John  Henton.  ^^ 

William  Cary.  '^ 

Thomas  Lacock.  '^ 

Richard.  '* 

William  Hampton.  ^^ 

William  Bristow.  ^^ 


1301.] 

1308.] 

1332. 

1337- 

I355-] 
.1357? 
.1376.] 

1411-1417.] 

1423-] 
1425. 

I437-. 


I443-. 
1449 

1463 
[1470.J 


'  Cartulary  of   Mynchin  Buckland ; 
D.C.M.  VIII.  2  ;  XVII.  I. 

*  Two  Chartularics  of  Bath,  L.  580. 
See  page  393  above. 

*  Two  Chartularics,  L.  560. 

*  Dugdale'sMo«as/«co;/,vol.  ii.  p.  259. 

*  Two  ChartularieSy  L.  780. 

*  Assize  Roll,  no.  772,  m.  27. 
'  See  page  393  above. 

8  D.C.M.  I.  4.' 


9  D.C.M.  XI.  i;  D.C.B.  no.  71. 
'"D.C.M.  XII.  I. 

"  D.C.B.  no.  81 ;  Weaver's  Somerset 
Incumbents,  p.  361. 
'2  D.C.M.  xviii.  6. 
'3  D.C.M.  XII.  3. 
"  D.C.M.  XII.  3. 

'■■^  Brit.  Museum  Add!.  MS.  25887. 
'6  D.C.M.  XII.  3- 


APP.  F.       A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER. 


553 


1489-1494.] 
1498. 
1504. 
1 509.  J 

L1535 


John  Abyndon.  ^ 
Thomas  Browne. 
Richard  Pester.  ^ 
Thomas.  * 
John  Griffith. ' 


The  Vicars  and  Curates  of  Dunster. 

The  following  is  the  fullest  list  that  has  yet  appeared  ot 
the  priests  who  successively  served  the  cure  of  Dunster. 
It  seems  to  be  continuous  from  1313  to  1528,  but  no  Curates 
were  instituted  by  the  Bishop  between  the  dissolution  of 
the  Priory  and  1821.  ^  For  nearly  three  centuries,  there- 
fore, the  parish  registers  and  the  churchwardens'  accounts 
are  the  main  sources  of  information. 

Richard  the  Chaplain, 
[f.  1213.]  Robert  de  Vaux. 

13 13.  Thomas    Cote.     He  exchanged    for 

Timberscombe. 
13 19.  Ralph  of  Gloucester.     He  resigned. 

1333.  John  of  Cherbury. 

^333-  Richard  of  Keynsham. 

Robert  of  Ichestoke.     He  resigned, 
and  was  presented  to  Carhampton. 
1362.  Robert  Drayton. 

Robert  Ryvers.     He  died  Vicar. 
1406.  John    Corbyn.     He   exchanged    for 

Little  Wittenham. 
1409.  Roger  Holford.     He  died  Vicar. 

1415.  William  Drayton.    He  exchanged  for 

Oare. 
141 7.  Thomas  Prydle.     He  died  Vicar. 


'  Weaver's  Somerset  Incumbetits, 
p.  326. 

^  See  page  402  above. 

'  Somerset  Medieval  Wills,  vol.  ii. 
p.  61. 


*  D.C.M.  XIII.  I. 

'  D.C.M.  XIII.  4;  Valor  Ecclesiasticus, 
vol.  i.  p.  220. 
^  See  pages  414,  418  above. 


554 


A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.       app.  f. 


:4i8 
421 

434 
[446 

^447 
451 
476 

485 

494 

^495 

507 

511 
512 

5H 

515 

528 

S3S 

582 
592 
598 

600. 
603- 

639- 
641- 

661- 
673- 

704- 

731- 
741- 

743- 
746. 

747 
748 
752 

753 


John  Bacwell.     He  died  Vicar. 

Thomas  Barry.     He  resigned. 

Thomas  Russell.     He  was  deprived. 

WiUiam  Robbs. 

John  Sloo.     He  died  Vicar. 

William  Russell.     He  died  Vicar. 

John  Lucas.     He  resigned. 

Richard  Harris.     He   resigned,  and 
was  presented  to  Carhampton. 

Thomas  Kyngsbury.      He  resigned. 

William  Bond.     He  resigned. 

Richard  Davys.     He  resigned. 

William  Rogers.      He  resigned. 

Robert  Williamson.      He   resigned. 

John  Fymores. 

William  Hooper.     He  resigned. 

John  Thomas. 
-I  56 1.]      John  Rice.     He  was  buried  in  Sep- 
tember 1561. 
,]  William  Hodgson. 

.]  James  Listone. 

Christopher  Williams.     He  was  bu- 
ried in  April  1600. 

David  Williams. 

Thomas   Smith.     He  was  buried  in 
April  1638. 

Robert  Browne. 

Robert  Snelling. 

Richard  Savin. 

John    Graunt.     He   was    buried    in 
February  1704. 

William  Kymer. 

John  Question. 

Robert  Norris. 

Jeremiah  Davies. 

William  Cox. 

Richard  Bawden. 
-175 1.]     James  Gould. 
.]  Richard  Bawden  (again). 

"'755-]      J^nies  Gould  (again). 


-1600.] 


1638.] 

1640. 
1642. 
1662. 

1704.; 

1729. 
1738. 
1743- 
1745- 


APP.    F. 


A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  555 


1755- 

1755- 
1756-1758 

1758-1759 

I759-I773-J 

1773 


1821 


1872 
1886 
1894 
1898 


John  Smith. 

Thomas  Cooke. 

Richard  Bawden  (again). 

John  Anthony. 

William  Camplin. 

George  Henry  Leigh.  He  died  in 
August  I  82 1. 

Thonias  Fownes  Luttrell.  He  died 
in  December  1871. 

Richard  Utten  Todd.  He  died  in 
June   1886. 

Geoffrey  Harrington  Simeon.  He 
resigned. 

Arthur  Wynell  Mayow.  He  re- 
signed. 

Frederick.  Hancock. 


ADDITIONS    AND    CORRECTIONS. 


Page  1 1 . 

Yolenta  daughter  of  William  de  Mohun  the  Third, 
married  Ralph  son  of  William  son  of  Durand  de  Mohun, 
who  may  have  been  a  distant  cousin.  ^  He  was  the 
principal  military  tenant  of  the  Honour  of  Dunster,  and 
he  gave  his  name  to  Brompton  Ralph.  ^ 

Page  17. 

Line  11,  add : — Roger  de  Tony  granted  to  William  de 
Mohun,  in  frank  marriage  with  Juliana  his  *  kinswoman  ', 
presumably  his  grand-daughter,  an  annuity  of  10/.  13 J. 
out  of  the  manor  of  South  Tawton  in  Devonshire.  Their 
issue  continued  for  several  generations.  John  de  Mohun, 
son  and  heir  of  John  de  Mohun,  had  property  at  South 
Tauton  in  1305,  and  a  person  of  the  same  name  was 
Bailiff  of  that  Hundred  in  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth 
century.  Furthermore,  a  certain  John  '  Mahoune  '  died 
in  April  1393,  seised  of  the  annuity  mentioned  above,  and 
leaving  an  heir  who  was  under  age  in  1397.  ^ 

Page  33,  last  line. 

Sir  Nicholas  Carew  had  acquired  her  marriage  for  his 
son,  in  February  1295,  from  her  aunt  Isabel  de  Fienles, 
who  had  in  turn  acquired  it  from  the  Queen-mother.  * 

Page  44. 

Sir  John  de  Mohun  the  Fifth  and  his  wife  made  an 
arrangement  with  the  Abbot  and  Convent  of  the  neigh- 
bouring monastery  of  Cleeve,  whereby  the  latter  under- 

'  Mohun   Cartulary;  Bruton  Cartu-  i4ssoc/a/70n,vol.  xxxiii.  p.431;  vol.xxxiv 

lary,  (S.R.S.)  pp.  55,  60;   B.M.   Addl.  pp.  610,  618  ;  Inq.   post  mortem  (Earl 

Charter  11 160;  Pipe  Roll,  no.  56.  of  Warwick),  C.  i.  file  264. 

*  Assize  Roll,  no.  1262,  m.  6d.  *  MS.  33.  at  Haccombe,  co.  Devon. 

*  Transactions    of    the    Devonshire 


ADD.  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         557 

took  that  certain  masses  should  be  said  for  them  to  the 
end  of  time  by  one  of  their  number,  to  be  called 
*  Mohun's  monk  '.  ^ 

^^^n^illustration  of  the  remarkable  position  occupied  by 
Lady  de  Mohun  during  her  husband's  lifetime  we  may 
notice  a  royal  grant  to  her  of  a  wardship  while  she  was  a 
'  feme  covert. '  ^ 

^^^The  following  letter  trom  Sir  Hugh  Luttrell  to  Henry 
the  Fifth  was  written  in  1420,  four  days  after  the  marriage 
of  that   prince   to    Catherine    daughter    of  the   French 

'"^«"  Wei  excellent,  and  myghtyfull  Prince,  my  redoubt- 
abel  and  souverain  Lord,  I  yowr  meke  and  trewe  lige 
recommande  me  unto  yowr  heye  and  soveraine  noblesce 
as  mekely  as  I   can  or  may.     Unto  the  whyche  lyke 
to  wyte  that  wyth  all  lowlynesse  I  have  yreceyved  yowr 
worshipfull  lettres,  the  whiche  of  yowr  benigne  grace 
ye  have  enclyned  yow  to  sende  unto  me,  not  having 
reward  unto  my  simplenesse  of  my  persone  but  to  the 
exaltation  of  yowr  heye  discretion,  in  also  much  as  1  am 
unworthy  therto  ;  be  the  which  I  have  undurstonde 
that  the  Creatour  of  all  thyng  of  Hise  heygh  pourveance 
hath  used  yow  in  herte  to  bryng  yow  unto  the  con- 
clusion of  perpetual  pesbetux  the  two  remes  (realms)  that 
ever  owt  of  mende  of  ony  cronicles  han  ben  in  discention, 
schewyng  yow  fortune  to   conclude  and  bring   at  an 
ende    that    noo    mankynde    myght    hyr    bifore    have 
iwroght ;  thankyng  God  wyth  meke  herte  that  He  hath 
isend  unto  me  that  grace  to  abyde  that  tyme  for  to 
seye  hyt,  as  for  the  gretist  gladnesse  and  consolation 
that  ever  come  unto  my  herte,  not  dredyng  in  my  selt 
that  He  that  hath  send  yow  that  grace  in  so  schort  a 
tyme  schal  send  yow  moch  more  in  tyme  commyng. 

"  And  as  towchyng  my  simple  persone  yif  yow  lyke 
to  wyte,  at  the  makyng  of  this  lettre,  I  was  desesed  ot 

.  Mohun  Cartulary.  ^  Sir  Henry  Ellis  ^^f;^'^\^^^ 

2  Calendar  of  Clolc  Rolls,  1360-1364,      to  the  year    1421.  /Ongnal  Letteis, 
^-»  Second  Series,  vol.  1.  p.  B4-) 


SS^         A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.  add. 

my  persone  be  the  hond  of  owre  Creatour,  in  so  moch 
that  I  may  not  exerce  myn  office  as  my  will  were,  as 
yowr  trewe  knyght  Sir  John  Colville  and  Maister 
Pierres  your  phisicien  ^  schall  enfourme  yow  more 
playnely  than  I  may  write  unto  yow  at  this  tyme ; 
wheruppon  I  have  isend  yowr  men  that  were  in  my 
company  unto  my  Lord  of  Salsbery,  for  to  do  yow 
service  ther,  as  most  neth  ys  as  this  tyme,  for  in  this 
sith  in  the  bailliage  of  Caux,  ne  in  the  march  of  Picard, 
blessed  be  God,  ther  ys  no  steryng  of  none  evyl  doers, 
saf  byonde  the  rivere  of  Sayne  toward  the  Basse 
Normandy  of  certaine  brigaunts.  And  whan  God  of 
His  grace  fowchsaf  to  bryng  me  owt  of  Hise  prison, 
I  schal  gouverne  me  in  the  excercise  of  myn  office 
at  yowr  worship,  and  as  I  am  ihold  for  to  doo. 

"  And  as  towchyng  my  worshipfull  lord  the  Duke 
of  Bedford,  yowr  brother,  atte  hyse  arrivayl  I  rood 
agayn  hym  to  the  Kyef  de  Caux,  and  told  hym  the 
poverte  of  this  countre.  Wheruppon  he  gouverned 
hym  and  all  yowr  men  in  hise  company  in  swych 
maner  that  all  thyse  countre  blesseth  hym  and  hyse 
meyny  (retinue)  in  swych  wyse  that  I  have  ihad  noo 
complainte  of  ham  eftir  hyse  partyng.  Wherfore  be 
my  simple  discretion  he  ys  thankworthy,  the  which  I 
remete  unto  yowr  hygh  discretion. 

"  More  can  not  I  say  at  this  tyme,  but  I  pray  unto 
God  of  Hys  grace  encresce  yow  in  worship,  prosperite, 
and  perfit  joye,  and  send  yow  good  lif  and  long  lastyng. 
Iwrite  at  yowr  town  of  Harefleu  the  vj*^  day  of 
June, 

Yowr  meke  lyge 
Hugh  Luttrell.  " 

"  A  treshault  et  tresexcellent  Prince  nostre  tresedoubte 
et  tressouverain  seignur  le  Roy  de  France  et  d'Engle- 
terre  ". 

Page  105. 

In  line  8,  for  '  mendding  '  reat:^  *  mending  '. 

'  Piers  de  Alcobasse. 


ADD.  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         559 

^^^In  an  inventory  of  the  pictures  belonging  to  Lord 
Lumley  in  1590,  there  is  mention  of  portraits 

"Of   Sir   John    Lutterel,   who    died    of    the    sweat   in    King 

Edward  6th's  time  ". 

«  Of  Mr.  Thomas  Wyndeham,  drowned  in  the  sea  returneinge 

from  Ginney  '*. ' 

These  are  presumably  the  pictures  now  at  Badmondis- 
field  Hall  and  Longford  Castle.  The  inventory  describes 
several  portraits  as  painted  by  Hans  Eworth,  an  artist 
from  Antwerp,  who  may  have  used  the  monogram  '  LE ', 
and  may  have  executed  many  of  the  works  hitherto  at- 
tributed to  Lucas  d'Heere,  including  both  the  portraits 
of  Sir  John  Luttrell.  As  he  was  resident  at  Southwark 
in  1552, '  the  dates  agree  well  enough. 

Page  269. 

In  line  7, /or  Carhampton  read  Withycombe. 

Page  271. 

In  line  6,/or' 1872' r^^^*i87i  . 
The  date  under  the  portrait  of  John  Fownes  Luttrell, 
opposite,  should  be  *  1782 ',  as  in  the  text. 

Page  275. 

Mr.   Hugh   Courtenay    Fownes    Luttrell    has    a  son, 

William,  born  in  December  1908. 

Mr.   Claude   Mohun  Fownes   Luttrell    is   a   Director 
of  Stuckey's  Banking  Company,  Limited. 

Paffe  "^  0  '^  • 

In  line  9  of  the  footnote,  for  '  Richard  ',  rea^i  *  R '. 

Page  424. 

After  line  22  add:—  It  is,  however,  possible  that, 
in  the  fifteenth  century,  there  were  at  least  two  screens 
under  the  central  tower  of  Dunster  Church,  that  is  to  say 
a  rood-screen  between  the  two  western  piers  and  a  choir- 
screen  between  the  two  eastern  piers.  The  screen  now 
in  the   south   transept   may   consequently  represent   the 

1  Milner  &  Benham,  Records  of  the  '  Return  of  Aliens  (Huguenot  Socie- 

Lumleys,  r-  33i-  ^y^'  ''°^-  *•  "'•  ^^5- 


560  A  HISTORY  OF  DUNSTER.         add. 

latter.  At  the  time  of  its  removal  to  its  present  position, 
it  was  reduced  in  height,  and  the  cornice  was  freely 
altered. 

Page  425. 

In  the  last  line, /or  Margery  read  Margaret. 

Page  480. 

In  line  32,  add :  —  Thomas  Mohun  and  Isabel  his 
wife,  who  was  almost  certainly  a  daughter  of  Richard 
and  Margaret  Eyr,  were  living  in  1398  and  141 8.  They 
had  a  son  William.  ^  The  names  Isabel  and  Elizabeth 
were  synonymous. 

Page  497. 

William  de  Mohun  of  Carhampton  is  described,  in 
131 1,  as  son  of  Sir  William  de  Mohun.  ^ 

John  Mohun  and  Joan  his  wife  had  episcopal  licence 
for  an  oratory  at  Puslinch  in  1405.  ' 

Reynold  Mohun,  Rector  of  Alphington  in  Devonshire 
died  in  1398.  * 

Page  509. 

In  the  last  line  but  one  of  the  text, /or  '  Geoffrey  '  read 
'  Godfrey.  ' 

Page  543. 

Add : —  There  is  a  heraldic  seal  of  Sir  John  Luttrell  or 
Chilton  attached  to  a  deed  (no.  202)  of  the  year  1340  in 
the  possession  of  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  of  Exeter. 

'  Stafford's  Register  (ed.  Hingeston  *  D.C.M.  xvii.  i. 

Randolph),  pp.  274,  277,  Ancient  Deeds  '  Stafford's  Register,  p.  273. 

(P.R.O.),  A.  10546.  "  Ibid.  p.  141. 


GENERAL     INDEX. 

All   places   not   otherwise   described    are   in    Somerset. 

Some  cadets  of  the   families  of   Mohun   and  Luttrell   mentioned  only   in   the 

Appendixes  are  indexed  collectively  under  their  respective  Christian  names. 


Abbot,  Prudence  daughter  of  William, 

514- 

William  and  Agnes,  496. 
Aberdour  (Scotland),  142,  145. 
Abraham,  Dr.  335. 
Accorso,  Francesco  d',  36. 
Acland,  Sir  Thomas,  236,  251,  442. 

Sir  Thomas  Dyke,  273,  274,  442. 
Adam  of  Cheddar,  Prior  of  Dunster, 

Chamberlain  of  Bath,  392. 
Adam  the  dyer,  297. 
Adams,  Mr.  247. 
Adbeer,  497. 
Addis,  Anne,  494. 
Adelard  the  Steward,  384. 
Admiralty,  Board  of,  528. 

Court  of,  132. 
^Ifric  (Aluric),  276,  434. 
Affeton  (Devon).  Sec  Buck. 
Africa,  528. 

Agincourt,  battle  of,  52. 
Aguylon,  Joan  wife  of  Robert,  499. 

Robert,  32. 
Alcobasse,  Piers  de,  physician,  558. 
Alcombe,  manor  and  tithing,  31,  230, 
276,  339,  346,  383,  384,  386,  409, 
410,  421. 

Chapels  of  St.  Michael,  347.  373. 

456,  457- 
courts,  456,  457. 
Cross,  254,  257,  258,  346,  347. 
free,  conventionary,  and  customary 

tenants,  456. 
tithes,  412. 

Wyneard  and  Pytte  in,  456. 
Aldenham  (Hertford),  the  Mohuns  of, 

495.  503- 
Aldridge,  the  Rev.  Geoffrey  de  Y.  and 

Florence  Louisa,  538. 
Aldercombe  (Cornwall).  See  Orchard. 
Ale,  81,  97,  112-114,  117,   187,  278, 

283,  303,  310. 


Ale-wives,  303. 

Alexander,  Mr.  of  Taunton,  226. 

Alfoxton,  73. 

Algar,  455. 

Algar  (Algore)  in  Dunster,  410. 

AUce  the  webber,  297. 

Aller,  Rector  of,  97. 

Aller  in  Carhampton,  274,  347. 

Alliremore,  96. 

Almain,  King  of.  See  Richard. 

Alnwick  (Northumberland),  43. 

Altaribus,  Odo  de,  384. 

Aluric.  See  ^Ifric. 

Amadas,  Agnes  daughter  of  William, 

495.  496. 
Ancona  (Italy),  382. 
Angers  (France),Priory  of  St.Nicholas, 

78. 
Anglesey,  Arthur  Earl  of,  488. 
Angus,  Earl  of,  151. 
Anne,  Queen,  215. 
Anne,  Queen  of  Richard  II,  54,  57. 
Annesley,  Philippa,  488. 
Anselm,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 

384,  385- 
Antony  and  Cleopatra,  the  story  of, 

374,  375- 
Antwerp  (Belgium),  163,  559. 
Archery,  115,  I39,  3o8. 
Arflue.  Sec  Harfleur. 
Argyll,  Earl  of,  151,  154. 
Arismendi,  General,  529. 
Arlington    (Devon),    466.     Sec    also 

Chichester  ;  Poyntz. 
Arms  and  armour,  81,  145,  206,  357. 
Arms,  the  College  of,  516,  523,  544. 
Arnold,  Richard,  89-93. 

William,  architect,  366,  367. 
Arques  (Normandy),  59. 
Arundel  (Sussex),  349,  419. 
Arundel,  Richard,  Earl  of,  50. 
Arundel,  Sir  Thomas,  and  Bridget,  of 
Tolverne,  483. 

Jane,  of  Exford,  533. 


562 


INDEX 


Arundel,  contci. 

the  Rev.  Nathaniel,  533. 

Roger,  281,  282. 

Thomas  and  Elizabeth,  of  Chide- 
ock,  177. 
Arundell  of  Wardour,  Lord,  510. 

Maria  Christina,  Lady,  510. 
Arworthal  (Cornwall),  478. 
Ashe,  Edward  and  Frances,  216. 
Ashton.  Sec  Chudleigh. 
Assize  of  ale,  304. 
Assize,  the  '  bloody  ',  205. 
Aston,   Cordelia  relict  of  Sir  Roger, 

486. 
Astyng,  William,  of  La  Bergsche,  435. 
Athelney,  Abbot  and  Convent  of,  133. 
Athol,  Earl  of,  154. 
Atkin,  Thomas  and  Elizabeth,  517. 
Audit  of  Public  Accounts,  Commis- 
sioners for,  273. 
Audley,  Lord,  114,  127. 

Sir  Humphrej',  127,  169. 

Sir  James,  46,  436,  446-449. 

James,  son  of  Sir  Nicholas,  446. 

Joan,  wife  of  Sir  Nicholas,  446. 

Philippa,  169. 

arms  of,  363,  547,  548. 
Augmentations,  Court  of,  411,  421. 
Aule.  See  Avill. 

Australia,  Luttrell  family  in,  528,  529. 
Avalgor,  Alan  de,  16. 
Avele.  See  Avill. 
Avelham  in  Dunster,  9,  160,  318,  344, 

384,  385- 

Corner,  342. 
Avill,  274,  276,  341,  384,  391, 434,  435, 
440. 

Chapel    of    St.    Mary   Magdalene, 
347,  440. 

courts,  435,  437,  439,  442. 

fishing-weir,  436. 

Manor,  321,  436-442. 

Manor-house,  347,  440. 

Mills,  327,  435,  441,  442. 

reeve  of,  437,  438. 

tithes  of,  412. 

Vale  of,  352,  382. 
Avill,  Agnes  of,  434. 

Geoffrey  of,  283,  435. 

Henry  of,  434. 

Hugh  of,  279,  435. 

Richard  of,  282,  435. 

William  of,  435. 
Avory,  Joan  relict  of  William,  520. 
Awcombe  Mead.  Sec  Alcombe. 
Axminster  (Devon),  17,21,  26,437,501. 
Aylerd,  Richard,  279. 
Ayreminne,  William,  Bishop  of  Nor- 
wich, 44. 
Ayres,  Marshall  and  Elizabeth,  520, 
521. 


B 


Bacon,  102. 

Bacwell,  John,  83,  87,  95,  107,  356. 
Badgvvorth,  444,  537. 
Badmondisfield    Hall    (Suffolk),  por- 
trait at  157,  158,  559. 
Bagborough,  East,  64. 
Bagg,  Sir  James,  485,  486. 
Baker,  Giles,  178. 

Henry,  96. 

Richard,  399. 

Sarah  daughter  of  Daniel,  524. 
Bampiield,  Sir  Amias,  530. 

Anne  daughter  of  Richard,  530. 

Peter  and  Agnes,  74. 
Bampton  (Devon),  17.  See  also  Court- 

enay. 
Bancks,  Sir  Jacob,  217,  218,  220,  244, 

245,  372. 

Lady.  See  Luttrell,  Mary  wife  of 
Francis. 
Barlborough  Hall  (Derby),  380. 
Barlbienshay.  See  Parlbienshay. 
Barlinch  Priory,  20,  74. 
Barnfather,  Mr.  253. 
Barnstaple  (Devon),  6,  182,  187,  192, 

512.  Sec  also  Downe  ;  Gregory. 
Barons'  War,   23. 
Barrington.  See  Daubeny. 
Barrow,  Edward  and  Honor,  141. 
Basqueville,  Baskerville,  family,  2. 
Basset,  Isabel  relict  of  Sir  Gilbert,  32, 
Bastard,  William  and  Isabel,  61-63. 
Baston,  Mr.  254,  258. 
Basyng,  Edward,  438. 
Batelyn,  John,  398. 
Bateman,  Richard,  380,  381. 
Bath,  94,  374,  392,  535. 

Abbey  Church,  260,  383,  533. 

Archdeacon  of.  Sec  Moysey. 

monks  of,  5,  10,  30,  324,  384-387, 
389,  391,  392,  399,  400,  402,  403, 
414,443,  455,457- 

Prior  of,  400,  409.  See  also  Sutton. 

Richard,  Prior  of,  387. 

the  Three  Tuns  at,  222. 
'  Bath  ',  a  silver-gilt  cup  called,  94. 
Bath  and  Wells,  Bishop  of,  40,  ill, 
116,    478.    Sec    also    Castello    ; 
Hooper  ;  Stafford. 
Bath,  Knights  of  the,  "jTi^i  I3I- 
Bathealton   Court,  portraits   at,  223, 

227,  229,  536. 
Baunton  (Devon).  See  Bampton. 
Baunton  (Dorset),  473,  474. 
Beardon  (Devon).  Sec  Loveys. 
Bearsley,  Mary  daughter  of  John,  524. 
Beaufoy,  Henry,  262,  263. 
Beauchamp,  Robert  and  Alice,  32. 
Beaucoudrai  (Normandy),  12,  13. 


INDEX 


563 


Beaulieu  (Hants),  Abbot  and  monks 

of,  21. 
Beaumont,  Cattierine  daughter  of  Su" 

John, 104. 
Philip.  Constable  of  Dunster  Castle, 

125. 

Thomas,  108,  109,  358. 

Lady,  105. 

arms  of,  363,  547,  548. 
Bedewyn,  William,  305. 
Bedford,  Duke  of,  558. 

Earl  of,  180,  181. 
'  Bedrolle  ',  the,  in  church,  403,  405. 
Beer  near  Cannington.  Sec  Bowyer. 
Beer.  See  Ale. 
Beggarnhuish  manor,  216. 
Belesby,  Havvis  relict  of  Sir  Thomas, 

509. 
Thomas,  510. 
Belfast,  Lord,  519. 
Bellamy,  John  and  Frances,  513. 
Bellot,  Francis  and  Anne,  483. 
Bellringers,  187,  194,  205. 
Bemont.  See  Beaumont. 
Benehangre,  loi. 
Berengaria,  Queen,  60. 
Bergshe,  la,  in  Avill  manor,  435. 
Berkeley,  Edward,  201. 
Dame  Cecily,  74. 
Sir  William,  35. 
Bermondsey  (Surrey),  77. 
Bescaby  (Leicester),  508. 
Bethell,     Richard     Augustus     (Lord 

Westbury)  and  Florence,  538. 
Betrothal,  172. 
Bible  bought,  422. 
Biccombe,  Richard.  319. 
Bickleigh.  See  Carevv. 
Bicknell,  J.C.  and  Harriet  Maria  Hun- 

gerford,  530. 
Bicknoller,  11,  384. 
Bideford  (Devon),  188. 
Bien,  John,  103. 
Bigot  family,  2. 

Billeswick,  near  Bristol,  63,  65,  70. 
Bingham,  Captain,  491. 
Binham,  in  Old  Cleeve,  274. 
Birch  Parva  (Essex),  Rector  of,  106. 
Bircheham  in  Dunster,  366,  410. 
Bircombe,  chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 

81,  82. 
Birkhead,     John     Derbyshire     and 

Sibella,  495. 
Bisham  Abbey  (Berks),  51. 
Blackford  near  Minehead,  330. 
Blackford,  Henrietta,  442. 

William,  442. 
Blake,  Abigail,  527. 
Joan,  453- 

John  and  Mary,  453. 
Nicholas,  464. 


Col.  Richard,  188,  190-195. 
Blakwell  at  East  Quantockshead,  136. 
Blancombe  (Devon),  124. 
Blandford  (Dorset),  93.  See  also  Pitt. 
Blaunche,  John,  344. 
Blenheim  Palace  (Oxford),  375. 
Bligh,  Commodore,  528. 
Blodhall  (Suffolk),  128. 
Blommart,  John  and  Fanny  Harriet, 

538- 
Blond,  Richard  le.  Bishop  of  Exeter, 

26. 
Richard  le,  384. 
Robert  le,  383. 
Bloundeshelfe,  John  and  Joan,  289. 
Bloyou,  Henry,  Rector  of  Cornwood, 

478. 
Blue  Anchor,  235,  236,  238. 
Boby,  Sir  Hugh,  66. 
Boconnoc  (Cornwall),  227,  482,  484, 

485.  494- 
Church,  484,  485. 
portraits  at,  485,  487. 
See  also  Courtenay. 
Bodennek  (Cornwall),  478,  479- 
Bodmin,  485.  See  also  Opy. 
Bohun  family,  i. 

Humphrey  de.  Earl  of  Hereford, 

and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  76. 
Humphrey  de.  Earl  of  Essex,  29. 
Margaret  daughter  of   Humphrey 

de.  Earl  of  Hereford,  76. 
family,  heraldic  bearings  of,  543, 

545.  551- 
Boit,  Charles,  painter,  223. 
Bokelly  (Cornwall).  See  Cavell. 
Boleyn,  Anne,  Queen,  137. 
Bologna  (Italy),  36. 
Bond,  William,  Vicar  of  Dunster,  402. 
Bonfires,  306. 
Boniface  VHL  Pope,  445. 

IX.     „     450. 

Bonnechose,  a  Jew  of  Oxford,  60. 

Bonvyle,  Sir  William,  116. 

Books,  105,  179. 

Boone,  Daniel,  237-242. 

Boon-works,  320. 

Boothby  Pagnell  (Lincoln),  62. 

Bordeaux  (Gascony),  89,  294. 

Archbishop  of,  60. 

Mayor  of.  See  Luttrell,  Sir  Hugh. 
Boroughbridge,  battle  of,  39,  501. 
'  Boroughright  ',  288-290. 
Bosanquet,  Henry  Anstis  and  Mary 

Anne,  270. 
Boscobel  (Salop),  370. 
Bossiney  (Cornwall),  522. 
Bossington,  in  Porlock,  442. 
Bosworth,  battle  of,  129. 
Bothenhampton  (Dorset),  473,  474. 
Bouchell,  W.  114. 


564 


INDEX 


Boucher,  Andrew,  253. 
Boulogne  (France),  142. 
Boulond,  William,  free-stone  mason, 

359- 
Bourchier,  Sir  William,  123. 
Bourton,  Maud  of,  46,  47,  49. 
Bovver,  Edwai'd,  portrait  by,  382. 
Bowes,  Hon.  Thomas,  268. 
Bowman,  John,  357. 
Bowyer,  Edmund,  206. 

Edmund  and  Sarah,  178. 
Boy-bishop,  the,  83. 
Bracegirdle,  Mrs.  actress,  490. 
Bradeuude.  Sec  Broadwood. 
Bradley,  Frances  daughter  of  Samuel, 

261. 
Bradshaw,  John,  197,  198. 
Bradworthy  (Devon),  17, 36, 41,  48, 52. 
Bratton  in  Minehead,  258,  434,  460. 
Bratton,  Joan  relict  of  John,  460. 

John  of,  47. 

Nicholas,  456,  460. 

Robert  of,  281,  282. 

Thomas,  115,  116,  120. 
Braunton  (Devon),  519-521,  525. 
Brebrooke,  Mr.  schoolmaster,  172. 
Brember  (Hants).  See  Welles. 
Bremhill  church  (Wilts),  526. 
Bret,  John  le,  47. 

Sir  William  le,  279. 
Bretasch,  Sir  John  de,  279,  280. 
Brethren  Cross  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Breton  prisoners  at  Dunster,  88. 
Brewers,  303. 
Brewham,  4,  8,  10. 
Brice,  Joan,  513. 
Briddicot  in  Carhampton,  272. 
Bridgeford  (Nottingham),  59,  65. 

Rector  of.     See  Luttrell,  Andrew. 
Bridgewater,  70,  83,  84,  97,  102,  107, 
183,  187,  195,  241,  294,  313,  356, 
474,  512,  529,  535. 

cloth,  300. 

Hospital  at,  20,  97. 

Friars  Minors  of,  107,  139. 

the  Swaji  at,  222. 
Bridlington  Priory  (York),  8. 
Brinkley  (Cambridge),  lo,  12,  15,  17, 

469-471. 
Bristol,  87,  96,  186,  187,  222,  358,436, 
487,  521. 

Castle,  Constable  of,  87. 

Channel,  12,  125,  229. 

Sec  also  Cheddar. 
Brit,  William,  loi. 
Brittany  (F^rance),  62,  88. 
Briwere,  Alice,  17,  18,  32. 

Sir  William,  17,  18,  20. 

arms  of,  29. 
Broadrepp,    Robert   and    Elizabeth, 
476. 


Broadwood  in  Carhampton,  318,  383- 

385,  434- 
Brocklesby,  Dr.  Richard,  245. 
Brompton,  parsonage  of,  34. 
Brompton  Ralph,  4,  556. 
Brook,  Sir  Thomas  and  Joan,  437. 
Broomfield,  383-385. 
Broughty  Craig  (Scotland),  146,  147, 

151.  152,  154,  155,  158. 
Browne,  Dan  Thomas,  Prior  of  Duns- 
ter, 402. 
Bruggewater.  See  Bridgewater. 
Brunfeld.  See  Broomfield. 
Bruton,  51,  113. 

Church,  470,  501. 

Priory,  8-13,  16,  20,  30,  42,  46,  54, 
113,  114,470,  501. 

Sacristan  of,  113. 
Bryanston    (Dorset),    549.    See    also 

Rogers. 
Brymore,  70,  202. 
Brympton.  Sec  S^'denham. 
Brytasch.  See  Bretash. 
Buck,  Samuel,  engraver,  373. 

Lewis  William,  518. 
'  Buck-feasts  ',  252. 
Buckhorns,  a  present  of,  iir. 
Buckingham,  Edward,  Duke  of,  131 

George,  Duke  of,  485, 486. 

Humphrey,  Duke  of,  118,  119. 
Buckler,  J.C.  architect,  430-432. 
Buckland  (Devon),  Abbot  of,  478. 
Buckland  Filleigh  (Devon),  200.  Sec 

also  Fortescue. 
Buckland  Monachorum  (Devon),  202. 
Buckland    Toutsaints    (Devon),     See 

Southcote. 
Bukkehorn,  Nicholas,  287. 
Bulkeley,  Lord,  219. 
Bullebek,  Bolebec,  family,  2. 
Bulsham,  Robert  and  Agnes,  74. 
Burford  (Oxford),  222. 
Burgage  tenure,  285-290. 
Burgh,  Hubert  de,  14,  15. 

John,  357,  361. 

Simon  atte,  435. 
Burghersh,  Sir  Bartholomew  of,  42. 

44,  48,  49- 
Henry  of.  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  43, 44. 
Joan  daughter  of  Sir  Bartholomew, 
44.  See  also  Mohun,  Joan  wife  of 
Sir  John  the  fifth. 
Sir  John  of,  49. 
William,  57. 
arms  of,  55,  501. 
Burgundy  Chapel  near  Minehead,  81. 
Burgundy,  Duke  of,  79. 
Burland,  Joan  daughter  of  Thomas, 

417- 
Burnt  Island  (Scotland),  146. 
Burridge,  Captn.  192,  193. 


INDEX 


565 


Burroughs,  Cassius,  486. 
Buryton,  Dan  John,  100. 
Busby,  Dr.  Richard,  532,  533- 
Buscy,  Robert  de,  63. 
Byrcombe.  See  Bircombe. 
Byron,  Sir  John,  67. 
Bythemore,  the  heirs  of,  450. 


Cadenham  (Wilts).     See  Hungerford. 
Cadleigh  (Devon),  17,  36,  4»- 
Cadman  aUas  Gierke,   William   and 

Alice,  399- 
Calais  (France),  7^.  79-      ^ 
Caldecot  (Cambridge),  51b. 

Call-skins,  304-  ,   ^     „,    ,^„ 

Calinw  Weston  (Dorset).  Sec  Weston. 
Calne  (Wilts).  See  Hungerford. 
Calec.  See  Calais. 

Cambridge  (Cambridge),  173, 391. 5i»- 
Caius  College,  172. 
Emanuel  College,  5i7- 
King's  College,  531- 
Pembroke  College,  534- 
St.  John's  College,  522. 
Cambridge,  Earl  of.  See  Meschme. 
Camden,  William,  antiquary,  23,  284. 
Camel,  East  and  West,  497. 
Camelford  (Cornwall).  See  Martin. 
Campbell,  James  and  Theophila,  ^^,7. 
Camplin,  the  Rev.  James,  258. 
Candles,  102,  113. 
Canterbury  (Kent),  54,  S^,  5oi,  543- 
Cathedral  church,  55^5^- 
Master  Omer's  House,  57. 
Priors  of  Christ  Church,  57,  84. 
Archbishops  of,  57,  60,  76,  77,  524- 
See    also    Anselm  ;    Courtenay  ; 
Sheldon  ;  Stafford  ;  Theobald. 
Prerogative  Court,  216,  478,  523. 

Cantok,  98.  ,     ,   u     ^ 

Cantokeshede.  See  Quantockshead. 
Capel,  Margaret  daughter  of  bir  Ar- 
thur, 441. 
Capons,  323,  45«,  4^0. 
Capps,  Silvestra  daughter  of  James, 

178,  323,  550- 
arms  of,  178,  550-  ,  , 

Carden,  William  and  Dorothy,  490. 
Cardinal  of  St.  Angelo,  the,  167. 
Cards,  playing,  308,  4*^9- 
Caremore,  in  Carhampton,  20,  3H 

3i5,  3«7,  415- 
Carent,  William,  no. 

Sir  William  and  Elizabeth,  133. 
Carenlun.  See  Carhampton. 
Carew,  Sir  Henry  and  Dorothy,  484. 
John  and  Eleanor,  33,  500,  55»- 
John  and  Margaret,  39. 


Sir  Nicholas,  556. 

Thomas,  of  Crowcombe,  230,  232, 

234-236. 
arms  of,  500. 
Carhampton,  14,  48,  57,  83,  108,  no, 

128,  170,  272,  296,  319,  329,  341, 

342,  345,  3«3,  387,  388,  413,  434, 

436,  442,  456,  458,  460,  463,  404, 

467,  531-533,  553,  554- 
advowson,  rectory  and  tithes,  209, 

384,  385,  388,  409- 
Church  of  St.  Carantoc,  390. 
Church  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  347, 

348,  390,  391,  425,  461- 
Hundred  of,  4,  42,  49-53,  77,  84, 

119,  124,  170,  202,  296,  297,  321, 

348,  388,  441-  ^      , 

Hundred  Court  of,  437,  45o,  402. 
Manor,  called  also  Carhampton 
Barton  (long  combined  with  that 
of  Dunster),  4,  18,  36,  47,  49,  52, 
53,  77,  84,  116,  118,  119,  124,  100, 
166,  202,  291,  315-318,  320,  321, 
325-327,  345,  437,  458. 
Mill,  II. 

parish  bounds  of,  347,  348- 
St.  Bartholomew's  Chapel,  348. 
Places  in  the  manor  or  the  parish. 
See  Aller;  Brethren  Cross;  Brid- 
dicot  ;  Broadwood  ;  Caremore  ; 
Chapelwaterlete  ;       Chapman's 
House;  Chesell;  Chisel waterlete; 
Colstone's     Cross  ;     Eastbury  ; 
Emmys  Cross  ;   Fairoak  ;  Fore- 
marsh  ;    Gillcotts  ;    Giltchapel  ; 
Hadley's    House  ;    Holly    Hill  , 
Holway    House  ;    Kingsallers  ; 
Kitswall  ;    Langcombe  ;    Loty's 
Marsh;  Loxhole;  Marsh;  Marsh- 
waterlete  ;     Marshwood  ;     Old 
Court  ;  Owl  Knowle  ;  Popper's 
Cross  ;  Prestelonde  ;  Rodhuish  ; 
Roger's   House  ;   Saltern  Lane  ; 
Shilves  ;  Skibbercliff  ;  Waterlete. 
Sheriff's  turn  at,  348- 
Tithing-man  of,  313. 
Vicar   of,   553-    See    also   Luttrell, 

Thomas  Fownes. 
Warren  at,  343. 
Carhampton,  Little,  124. 

South,  348.  .    r^     ,      f 

Carhampton,  Viscount  and  Earl  01, 

1539,  540. 
Carisbrooke  Castle  (Isle  of  Wight),  52. 
Carlaverock  Castle  (Scotland),  500. 
Carmelite  friar,  a,  105. 
Carolina,  South  (America),  526. 
Carpenter,  Edward  and  Anne,  453. 
'  Carriage-works  '    due    to    Dunster 

Castle,  321,437- 
Carter,  Thomas,  284. 


S66 


INDEX 


Cary,  Hugh,  io8,  109. 

Caslett,  —  ,  266. 

Castello,     Hadrian      de,      Cardinal, 

Bishop  of  Bath  &  Wells,  405. 
Castro,  Bartholomew  de,  478. 
Catherine  of  Arragon,  Princess,  131. 
Caux  (Normandy),  558. 
Cave,  Lewis  and  Jane,  531. 
Cave-Brown,  Catherine  daughter  of 

John,  260. 
Cavell,  Joan  and  Nicholas,  480. 
Cavendish,  Lord,  489. 
Caxton,  Philip,  58. 
Celsui,  Walter  de,  383. 
Chaldecot,    Elizabeth     daughter     of 

Francis,  475. 
Chaldewell  in  Cutcombe  manor,  391. 
Chaldon,  East  (Dorset),  473. 
Chamberlayne,    Elizabeth    daughter 

of  Richard,  417. 
Chancery,    Court   of,    141,   203,  366, 

461,  519. 
Chantmerel  (Dorset).     See  Cheverell. 
Chapelwaterlete  in  Carhampton,  317, 

318. 
Chapman's    house    in    Carhampton, 

348. 
Chappell,  constable  of  Minehead,  257. 
Chard,  171,  192. 

Charles  the  Fifth,  Emperor,  138. 
Charles,  John  and  Agnes,  496. 
Charlinch.     See  Malet. 
Charlton  Makerel,  531. 
Charlton  Musgrave.    See  Arnold. 
Charter,  the  Great,  60. 
Charterhouse   Hinton.     See  Moyscy. 
Chauvent,  Peter  de,  32. 
Chaworth,  Sir  Thomas,  509. 
Cheddar,  Isabel  daughter  of  Thomas, 

438. 

Isabel  relict  of  Thomas,  438. 

Joan  daughter  of  Thomas,  438. 

Richard,  437. 

Robert  and  Joan,  436,  437. 

Thomas,  437,  438. 

William,  436. 
Cheddar.     See  Adam. 
Cheddington  (Dorset),  531, 
Cheffynge,  287. 
Cheltenham  (Gloucester),  275. 
Chesell,  the,  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Cheshunt  (Hertford),  380. 
Chester  (Chester),  529. 
Chester's  house  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Cheverell,  Joan   daughter   of    Chris- 
topher, 513. 
Chichester,  John  Langton,  Bishop  of. 

Chancellor,  508. 
Chichester,  Arthur,  Lord  Belfast,  519. 

Joan  daughter  of  Richard,  460. 

Margaret  daughter  of  Amias,  463. 


Richard,  460. 

Chideock  (Dorset).     Sec  Arundel. 

Chilcompton,  441. 

Childeston,  Richard  of.  Prior  of 
Dunster,  393,  396. 

Child  Okeford  (Dorset),  472. 

Chiltern  Hundreds,  the,  262. 

Chilton  Luttrell  in  Thorverton  (De- 
von), 66,  75,  76,  78,  124,  142,  560. 

Chipera,  Robert,  277. 

Chipping  Sodbury  (Gloucester),  222. 

Chiselwaterlete  in  Carhampton,  317. 

Cholwick,  Mr.  236. 

Cholwill,  Wilmot  daughter  of  Nicho- 
las, 516. 

Christina  the  webber,  297. 

Chudleigh  (Devon).     See  Clifford. 

Chudleigh,  Dorothy  daughter  of  John, 
484. 

Church-ales,  180. 

Church  ornaments,  94,  130,  139. 

Churchill,    Anne   daughter  of   John, 

473,  474- 
arms  of,  502. 
Churching  of  a  woman,  99. 
Churston  Ferrers  (Devon)     See  Yard. 
Cirencester   (Gloucester),   the   Lamb 

Inn,  222. 
Cistercian    monks.      See    Beaulieu  ; 

Cleeve  ;  Dunkeswell  ;   London  ; 

Newenham. 
Civil  War,  the,  180-183, 186-195,475, 

487,519- 

Civita  Vecchia  (Italy),  382. 

Clanbrasill,  Lord,  242. 

Clanville  in  Minehead.  See  Bosan- 
quet. 

Clarence,  George,  Duke  of,  125,  126. 
Richard  his  son,  127. 

Clarke,  Richard  Hall,  453,  454. 

Clavering  family,  40. 

Cleeve  Abbey,  Abbot  and  Convent  of, 
17,  20,  36,  274,  286,  291,  296, 298, 
300,  309,  335,  336,  433,  556. 

Cleeve,  Chapel  of  St.  Mary,  105,  274, 
296. 

Cleeve,  Old,  274,  302,  463.  See  also 
Binham  ;  Cave  ;  Leigh  ;  Touker. 

Clerk-ales,  180. 

Gierke.    See  Cadman. 

Clerkelome  in  Dunster,  410. 

Clevedon, 512. 

Clevedon,  Matthew  of,  48. 

Clevland,  John,  527. 

Clifford  of  Chudleigh,  Lord,  510. 

Clifton,  John.  82. 
Reynold  of,  14. 

Clifton  Maubank  (Dorset).  See  Hor- 
sey. 

Clinton,  William  de,  32. 

Clonfert,  Bishop  of,  240. 


INDEX. 


567 


Clopton,  Philip,  88. 

Cloth,  115,  116,207-209,331. 

Cloth  industry  at  Dunster,  297-302, 

336- 
Clothes,  prices  of,  99  10^,  115.  ii7. 

139,  206-213,  532. 
Cloutesham,  Richard  of,  279,  280. 

William,  114. 
Clovelly  (Devon),  522. 
Coal,  358  359. 
Coap,  Mr.  212. 
Cobham,  Lord,  76. 

Ladv  iVIargaret,  77. 
Cobb  made  in  a  highway,  330. 
Cox,  Simon,  277. 

Cockermouth  (Cumberland),  237,  242. 
Cockes,  John,  441. 
Cockeslop,  Joan,  287. 
Codford,  391. 

Codogan,  Kodogan,  Thomas,  400, 401. 
Codrington,  Anne  daughter  of  John, 
520. 
Sir  William,  230. 
Coffin,  Robert,  430. 
Cogston,  Cogstane,  Ralph  of,  408. 

Robert  of,  277. 
Coins  discovered  at  Owl  Knowle,  170, 

171. 
Cok,  John,  299. 
Richard,  48. 
Coker,    Robert   and   Margaret,    117, 

118. 
Cole,  Peter  and  Grace,  517. 
Coleborrow  in  Dunster,  283,  467. 
CoUard,  Frances  daughter  of  Thomas, 

512. 
Colle,  —  300.  301- 
CoUes,  Humphrey,  411,  413- 
CoUinson,  John,  70,  430. 
Colstone's  Cross  in  Carhampton,  347, 
Columbers  family,  2. 

Philip  and  Eleanor,  446. 
Columbia  (America),  529. 
Colville,  Sir  John,  558. 
Colyngborne,  Robert,  109. 
Colyton  (Devon).     Sec  Weston. 
Combe,  391. 

Combe  Deverell  (Dorset),  472. 
Combe  Florey.     See  Francis  ;  Perr- 

ing. 
Combe  Martin  (Devon).    Sec  Gregory. 
Combys  Ynche  (Scotland).    See  Inch- 

colm. 
Common  Pleas,  Court  of,  19,  84,  447. 
Commons,  House  of,  84,  85,  241. 
Compton,  Long  (Warwick),  37,  52. 
Coneys,  279,  280,  343,  344. 
Conigar   in   Dunster,  228,  279,  280, 

312,  329,  339,  378,  410. 
Conquest  family,  510. 
Constantine  (Cornwall),  483. 


Convent,   nuns   and    pupils    carried 

away  from,  146. 
Coode,  Anne   daughter  of  Richard, 

481. 
Cook,  Thomas  and  Catherine,  326. 
Cooke,  — ,  upholsterer  at  Bath,  374. 
Cooper,  — ,  jeweller,  228. 

Sarah  daughter  of  Thomas,  476. 
Coote,  Captn.  Richard,  492. 
Copleston,  Cobleston,  John,  82. 

Thomas,  116. 
Copley,  Sir  Thomas  and  Catherine, 
162-165. 
arms  of,  164,  549. 
Corbet,  John,  102. 
Corn,  exportation  of,  312. 
Cornish  Rebellion  in  1497,  the,  461. 
Cornu,  William,  iii. 
Cornwall,  248,  358,  487. 
Cornwall,  Edward,  Duke  of,  75. 

Richard,  Earl  of,  21. 
Cornwall,  Sir  John  and  Elizabeth,  450. 
Cornwood  (Devon),  Rector  of,  478. 
Corston  (Wilts).     See  Churchill. 
Corsham  (Wilts).     See  Bellot. 
Cotehele  (Cornwall),  carpet  at,  141, 

547,  548 
Cotes,  John  and  Margaret,  81,  106. 
Cotford,  202. 
Cothelston,  124. 
Cotton,   Mary  daughter  of  Edward, 

516. 
Couke,  Robert  and  Thomas,  iii. 
Coule,  William,  343. 
Couleman,  287. 
Council,  the,  85,  86,    145,   I55,  i95- 

198,  201. 
Count  Palatine,  25. 
Countesbury.     Sec  Foreland. 
Courcy,  Richard  de,  63. 
William  de,  16,  63. 
family,  2. 
Courtenay,  Edward,  Earl  of  Devon, 
479,  481,  544. 
Lady  Elizabeth,  76.  Seealso  Luttrell. 
Lady  Elizabeth,  ill. 
Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir    Philip, 

120,  169. 
Henry,  Earl  of  Devon,  439. 
Hugh,  Earl  of  Devon,  76,  549. 
Sir  Hugh,  son  of  Edward,  Earl  of 

Devon,  loi. 
Sir  Hugh,  of  Hampton,  loi. 
Isabel  daughter  of   Sir   Hugh,  of 

Boconnoc,  480. 
Humphrey  and  Jane,  of   MoUand, 

483- 
John,  126. 

Margaret,  Countess  of  Devon,  95. 
Peter,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  126, 

131- 


S68 


INDEX 


Courtenay,  contd. 

Sir  Philip,  of  Powderham,  ii8,  120, 

126. 
Thomas,  Earl  of  Devon,  123. 
Sir  William,  126. 
William.Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 

95- 
family  and  heraldic  bearings,  76, 

94,  4«6,  543-546,  549,  551- 
'  Courtenay  ',  a  silver-gilt  cup  called, 

94- 
Coventry  (Warwick),  80. 
Coward,  William  and  Lawrence,  206. 

William,  489. 
Cowbridge  in  Cutcombe  manor,  now 
in  Timberscombe,  391,  392,  456. 
Cowper,  Earl,  275. 
Cox,  Richard,  253-255,  258,  259. 
Crang,  Mr.,  258. 
Cras,  Philip,  304. 

William,  butcher,  400. 
Cratelach  in  Thomond  (Ireland),  61. 
Cregy,  battle  of,  44. 
Crediton  (Devon),  188. 
Creed  (Cornwall).     Sec  Trencreke. 
Creed,  Mary  daughter  of  John,  518. 
Crewkerne,  131,  191. 
Cromwell,  Thomas,  Lord,  137,    139, 
141. 

Oliver,  portrait  of,  200. 
Cross,  Gilbert  atte,  458. 
Crowcombe,  3 19,442.  See  also  Carew. 
Crowdon,  Hugh  of,  343. 
Croxton  (Leicester),  61,  508. 
Croydon   Hill  in  Dunster,  278,   281, 

307,  361,  392,  467- 
Croyland  Abbey  (Lincoln),  497. 
Crusade,  17,  67. 
Culverhay  and  Culvercliff  in  Dunster, 

298,  300. 
Culveton.     See  Kilton. 
Cumberland,  Anne,  Duchess  of,  261, 

539,  540- 
Currypool  in  Charlinch.     See  Malet. 
Curzon,  Mary  daughter  ol  A.  Viscount, 

417. 
Cusack,  George  and  Catherine,  487. 
Cutcombe,  4,  12,  36,  41,  48,  52,  385, 

391,  409- 
Church,  10. 
Hundred,  4. 

See  also  Cowbridge  ;  Oaktrow. 
Cuttiff,  Mr.,  258. 


D 


Daccomb,  Meliora,  473. 

Dahl,  Michael,  portrait  by,  222. 

Dances,  82. 

Dartmouth  (Devon),  487. 


Daubeny,  Giles,  Lord,  131,  364. 
Alice  relict  of  William,  132. 

Daunay,  Sir  John  and  Lady,  478,  479. 

Dauntsey,    Sarah    daughter   of   Am- 
brose, 417. 

Davis,  William,  267. 

Death,  the  Black,  62. 

Debenham  (Suffolk),  77,  106,  128. 

Deer,  343-346- 

Delbridge,  John,  330. 

Denays,  Thomas,  parson  of  Selwor- 
thy, 343- 

Dene,  le,  Deneclose,  in  Dunster,  346, 
410. 

Deneys,  Henry  and    Elizabeth,   478, 

479- 
Denison,  John,  268. 
Dennis,  James  and  Dorothy,  519. 
Deodville  (Normandy),  12. 
Derby,  Ferdinand,  Earl  of,  52. 

Earls  of.  Sec  Ferrers  ;  Lancaster. 
Desborough,  Major-Gen.  196, 199,200. 
Despencer,  Elizabeth  le,  56. 

Hawis  daughter  of  Sir   Philip   le, 

509- 

Hugh  le,  508. 

Lady  le,  57. 

arms  of,  55. 
Dethick,  William,  Garter,  472. 
Devizes  (Wilts),  535. 
Devon,  Earl  of.    See  Courtenay. 
Devonshire,  15, 69,  76,  85,  87,  109,  122, 

125- 
Devonshire,  Duke  of,  244. 
Devonshire,  Mr.  234. 
Devon   and   Somerset   Stag-hounds, 

274. 
Deyncourt,  Edmund,  34. 
Dice  forbidden,  308. 
Didmarton  (Gloucester).  Sec  Codring- 

ton. 
Diere,  John,  fisherman,  304. 
Digby,  Captn.  181. 
Dighty  river  (Scotland),  152. 
Divorce,  161,  461,  478,  479,  510. 
Docton,  Jane  daughter  of  Thomas,  515. 

Rebecca  daughter  of  Thomas,  515. 

Wilmot  relict  of  Richard,  516. 
Doddrydg,  the  widow,  348. 
Dodesham,  William,  332, 
Dodington,  John,  2q6^ 

Giles  and  Margaret,  514. 
Dogge,  James,  143,  151. 
Dogs,  99,  308. 
Dolton.     Sec  Stoford. 
Domerham  (Wilts),  91. 
Domesday   Survey,  3,  276,  326,  328, 

349,  3«4,  455- 
Doneraile,  Viscount.     See  St.  Leger. 
Donisbristle  (Scotland),  142. 
Dorchester  (Dorset),  472,  520. 


INDEX 


569 


Doria,  Cosimo.  295. 
Dorset,  73,  109,  470. 

Earl  of.     Sec  Mohun,  William  de. 
Dover  (Kent),  256. 

Dower  in  aipiit  baroiiue,  43, 115, 162. 
Dowlles,  Harry,  348. 
Down,  East  (Devon),  511-513.    See 

also  Ley  ;  Pyne. 
Downe,  Anne  and   Mary,   daughters 
of  John.  453. 

John,  453. 

Nicholas,  452. 

Richard,  452,  453. 
Downhead  near  Mells,  444. 
Downhead,  Erneis  of,  444. 

John,  445. 

Walter  of,  444, 445. 
Downman,  John,    portraits    by,  271, 

536. 
Drake,  Lady,  202. 
Draper,  Robert,  108,  113. 
Drax  Abbey  (York),  65. 
Drewe,  Charlotte  daughter  of  Fran- 
cis, 271,535. 

Erasmus  and  Joan,  496. 

John,  133. 

Louisa  daughter  of  Samuel,  270. 

Mary  daughter  of  Francis,  269. 

William  and  Penelope,  485. 
Drewell,   Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir 

Humphrey,  417. 
Drink,  150,  318. 
Drue,  Lawrence,  85. 
Drury,  Sir  Henry  and  Susan,  417. 
Dublesterre,  Maud  le,  287. 
Dublin,  Archbishop  of,  60. 

Canon  of  St.  Patrick's.     Sec  Lutt- 
rell,  Robert. 
Dublm,  Marquess  of.     See  Vere. 
Dudley,  Edmund  and  Elizabeth,  439. 

Sir  John,  439. 
Duels,  491-493. 
Duke,  John,  289. 
Dundee  (Scotland),  147,  150-152,  154, 

166. 
Dunheved.     Sec  Downhead. 
Dunkeld,  Bishop  of,  150. 
Dunkeswell  Abbey  (Devon),  20. 
Dunstan  the  priest,  384. 
Dunster  Borough,   18,   119,  124,  142, 
166,  202,  277-293,  300,  302-312, 
326,  327,  344,  347. 

Ale-tasters,  302-304,  310. 

Bailiffs,  125,  278-280,  283,292,293, 

299,  309,  311,  459- 
Bread-weighers,  302,  303,  310. 
Burgages,  229,  285-292,  392,  465. 
Burgesses,  277-285,  287,  290-292, 

307. 
Charters  of  liberties,  277-283. 
Clerks  of  the  Market,  293,  310. 


Cloth  industry,  297-302,  336. 

Common  rights,  229,  284,  413. 

Commonalty  and  common  seal, 
284,  329. 

Courts,  290,  298,  302,  306,  308-312, 
446,  458,  462. 

Constables,  302-304,  309. 

Flairs,  292,  343. 

Fulling-mills.  See  Cloth. 

Gilds  of  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Holy 
Trmity,  286,  335,  336,  406,  414. 

Leather,  Searchers  and  Sealers  of, 
309- 

Market,  277-279,  294,  307. 

Membei-s  of  Parliament,  284. 

'  Portmote,  '  302. 

Tolls,  278,  293. 

Street-keepei's,  303,  310,  311. 

Surveyors  of  victuals,  303. 

Shambles,  keepers  of,  303. 

Tucking-mills.  See  Cloth. 
Dunster  Castle,  5,  7,  14, 15,  18,  19,  31, 
35.  36,  43,  46,  48,  62,  77,  84,  86, 
87,  97,  loi,  104,  109,  no,  119, 
120,  124-126,  132,  156,  162,  166, 
180,  i8i,  195-197,  199,  200,  202, 
227,  230,  234,  236,  237,  244,  248, 
249,  252,  254,  265,  269,  274,  277, 
314,  317,  322,  330,  336,  344,  349- 
382,  429,  442,  501,  549. 

alterations  made  by  George  Lut- 
trell,  175,  365-367. 

alterations  made  by  Henry  Fownes 
Luttrell,  229,  376-380. 

alterations  made  by  George  Fownes 
Luttrell,  381,  382. 

arras  at,  173. 

Bowling-green,  373. 

Breakfast  Room,  377. 

Buck's  view  of,  373. 

Chapel  of  St.  Stephen,  31,  100,  102, 
352-354,  364,  367. 

Chapel  in  the  old  Hall,  356,  358. 

Chapel  built  in  1723,  373,  381. 

Chaplain  at,  43,  47,  87,  356. 

Constable  of,  47,  49,  74,  100,  in, 
125,  281,  304,  323,  357,  459. 

curtam  wall,  351,  359,  367,  379,  380. 

Dame  Hawis's  Tower,  or  the  Flem- 
ing Tower,  30, 351-353,  357,  361, 
362. 

demolition  of,  195-197,  201. 

division  of,  361,  362,  365,  511. 

'  Dungeon, '  keep,  or  Upper  Ward, 
350, 352-35«,  364,  373- 

Exchequer,  loi. 

Gallery,  365,  367,  370,  371, 374,  377, 

37«- 
garrison  of,  195-197. 
Gatehouse,  115,  196,  197,  359-362, 

364,  367,  372,  379,  380,  382,  547'. 


U 


570 


INDEX 


Dunster  Castle,  contd. 

Gateway  of  the  Lower  Ward,  338, 

351-357,  35'>-362,  372,  379,  38i. 
Gate  of  the  Inner  Castle,  356. 
Governors  of.   Sec  Gurdon  ;  Robin- 
son ;  Wyndham. 
Green  Court,  379,  382. 
guests  at,  loi,  no,  274,  448. 
bronze  guns  at,  ^^2. 
Hall,    353-358-  362,  365,  366,  368, 

369,  371,  376,  377,  381,  382,  549- 
household,  retainers  and  servants, 

87,  90,  92,  100-102,  107,  108,  213, 

214,  222,  279. 
'  Inner  pyle  or  lodginges  ',  365. 
inventories,  216,  369-372. 
the   King's  Chamber,  occupied  by 

Charles     II.     when    Prince    of 

Wales,  187,  370,  371. 
the  great  Knights'  Chamber,  353. 
the  Knights'  Hall,  353. 
pictures  on  leather  at,  374,  375. 
Lower  Ward,  350-355,    362,   365, 

367,  378,  379. 
moat,  or  ditch,  362. 
New  Way,  372,  373,  378. 
overmantel  at,  333. 

great  Parlour,  or  Dining-room,  367, 

368,  371,  376,  381,  382,  550. 
portcullis,  357. 

porter's  lodge,  356. 

portraits  at,  217,  372,  382  ;  of  Cop- 
leys, 164  ;  of  Cromwell,  200  ;  of 
Drewes,  271,  536  ;  of  Dyke,  224  ; 
of  Hcrne,  345  ;  of  Hooper,  373  ; 
of  Luttrells,  156-159,  176,  183, 
206,  215,  220-224,  227,  229,  260, 
261,  525,  559  ;  of  Southcote,  261. 

prison  at,  353. 

prisoners  at,  88,  197,  198. 

rooms,  various,  at,  100,  102,  353- 
362,  368,  370,  371,  376,  378,  551. 

the  Spirit's  Room,  371. 

Sta'Dles,  353,  357,' 358,  360,  365, 
367,  372,  378. 

Great  Staircase,  368,  369,  376,  377, 
381. 

sieges  of,  6,  188-194. 

summer-house,  373,  374. 

the  Tor,  or  Mount  Stephen's,  115, 
194,  197,  299-301,  316,  326,  328, 
330,  340,  349,  352,  362,  364,  372, 
378,  382. 

towers  and  turrets,  35^-355,  359, 
361,  362,  364,  365,  367,  373,  379, 
381. 

Withdrawing  Room,  368,  371. 
Dunster  Church,  5,  9,  42,  58, 100,  104, 
133,  176,  195,  220,  274,  307,  335, 
339,  347,  383-433,  462. 

almsbox,  426,  427. 


altar-slab,  432,  463. 

altar  of  the  Holy  Rood,  389,  390, 

394,  399,  406,  423- 

altar  and  chapel  of  Our  Lady,  390, 

395,  396,  398,  399,  423,  424,  510. 
altar  of  St.  George,  or  high  altar, 

104,  394,  395,  399,  406,  421,  423- 
altar  of  St.  James,  403,  406. 
altar  and  chapel  of  St.  Lawrence, 

31,  352,  389,  395,  396,  398,  399, 

414,  423- 
altar  and  aisle  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 

399,  406,  423. 
bells,  400,  401,  428. 
chalice  and  paten,  468. 
chancel,  42,  103,  105,  387-389,  393, 

395,  398,  401,  403,  404,  406,  419- 

425,  427-433- 

chapel  of  St.  Leonard,  395. 
eastern  chapels,  220,  389,  398,  420, 

423-425- 
churchwardens,  205,  214,  426,  429. 
churchyard,  308,  335,  337-340. 
division  (1498)  and  reunion  (1539), 

403,  419-422. 
font,  398. 
graves   and   vault,   222,   425,   426, 

429,  432. 
'  hearse  '  and  '  judas,  '  394,  395. 
lights,  393,  394,408,461. 
monuments,   brasses,    &c.  42,   43, 

104,  105,  130,  220,  270,  418,  425, 

426,  432,  550. 

nave  and  aisles,  386,  387,  389,  393, 
395,  396,  401  403,  405-408,  425- 
428,  431,  463. 

parochial  altar,  399,  403,  404,  428. 

pews,  430,  431,  462. 

restoration  of  (1875),  431. 

sacristy,  103,  389,  423,  432. 

screens,  396,  406,  407, 421,  432,  559. 

tower,  387,  393-398,  401,  420,  424, 

427,  431,  432. 

transepts,  389,  395,   396,  398,  420, 

428,  430,  432. 

Dunster,  Honour,  or  Barony,  of, 
4,  10,  II,  13,  14,  35,  45,  74,  86, 
88,  120,  124,  126,  132,  162,  175, 
296,  321,  434,  437,  444,  450,  451, 

453,  469,  470,  47i,  556. 
Dunster  Manor  (long  combined  with 
that  of  Carhampton),  4,  35,  36, 
43,  46,  48,  50,  84,   116,  124,  126, 
142,   160,  202,  297,  312-328,  415, 

458. 
barton,  or  home-farm,  117,316,  317, 

338,  356. 
bedel,  315. 
carpenter,  315. 
'■chariour'  and  ^  bcriicbrnlte',  32^, 

324- 


INDEX 


57^ 


Dunster  Manor,  contd. 

dairy,  353. 

demesne,3i7,3i8, 324,344,  345,411. 

dovecot,  353. 

'  foreign  '  woods,  392. 

forest,  18,  346. 

gallows,  297,  342. 

grist-mills,  11,  276,  278,  306,  307, 
316,  325-32S,  340,  341.  365,  415- 

hay  ward,  315. 

the  Lawns,  344,  345,  415. 

orchard,  343. 

the  medieval  Park,  comprising  the 
Hanger  and  the  New  Park,  50, 
97,  116,  160,  174,  175,  202,  285, 
298,  307,  316,  318,  325,  331,  332, 
338,  341-344,  346,  361,  365,  415- 

fishpool  in  the  Park,  97,  343,  358. 

the  present  Park,  229,  342,  345, 346, 
378,  382,  466. 

reeve,  53,  116,  297,  312,  314,  315, 
319,  320. 

St.  Burye"a  rents,  326. 

vineyard,  324, 325, 343. 

warren,  19,  ii6,  280,  344. 

waste,  311. 
Dunster  Parish,  bounds  of,  346-348. 
Dunster,  places  and  houses  in  :  — 

the  Rail,  330,  331. 

'  Le  Barrys  ',  307. 

Butter  Cross,  Market  Cross,  or  High 
Cross,  334,  335,  339. 

the  Cucking-stool,  311. 

the  Conduit  in  New  Street,  337, 
340- 

Corn  Cross,  331. 

Cornhouse,  293. 

the  Corner  House,  342. 

the  Corner  Shop,  or  Cage  House, 

335- 
the  '  Fresshe',  347. 
the  Glasier's  House,  335. 
Hawn,  haven,  or  sea-port,  278,  279, 

282,  294,  295,  314,  329,  347,  358, 

458. 
Hearts  (or  Hart's)  Well,  342. 
the  High  House,  miscalled  the  Old 

Nunnery,  337. 
Cottage  Hospital,  340. 
Luttrdl  Anns  Hotel,  formerly  the 

Ship,74,  175,  178,  192,  195,  258, 

293,  311,  325,  330,  332-334,  550. 
Market-house,  175,  293,  301,  330- 

332. 
Market-place,    115,   293,  331,  332. 
New  Hall,  292. 
Pillory,  311. 

Priory  Green,  285,  339,  419. 
Prison,  or  Stock-house,  332. 
River,  311,  341,  343,  344,  352.  353, 

362, 


St.  Benet's  Well,  338. 

St.  Leonard's  Well,  339. 

St.  Thomas's  Chapel,  330. 

Schools,  271,  339. 

the  Smithy,  335. 

Spear's  Ci'oss,  338. 

the  '  stone-healed  house ',  337. 

Railway  station,  329. 

the  Slocks,  311. 

Town-hall,  292,  311,  331,  332. 

Tubhouse,  292,  331. 

Town's  end,  330. 

Wesleyan  Chapel,  338. 

Workhouse,  340,  341. 

See  also  Alcombe  ;  Avelham  ;  Avill; 
Bircheham  ;  Clerklome  ;  Cole- 
borrow  ;  Conigar  ;  Croydon  ; 
Culvcrhay  ;  Dene  ;  Foxgrove  ; 
Frackford  ;  Gallocksclose  ;  Gilt- 
chapel  ;  Grabbist  ;  Hams  ;  Hille- 
bouer;  Holhnghorrows;  Hopke- 
garden  ;  Hurlepool  ;  Lynch  ; 
Lyncroft;  Marsh;  Parlebienshay; 
Prestelond  ;  Puryhay  ;  Rack 
Close  ;  Rockhead  ;  Skillacre  ; 
Staunton  ;  Townswood  ;  Wag- 
land. 
Dunster  Priory,  31,  83,  91,  140,  173, 
202,  323,  337,  340,  342,  386,  390- 
392,402,409-412,  415,  420,421, 
424,  429,  433,  455,  510. 

endowments  of,  383-386,  388,  391, 

392. 

monks  of,  20,  42,  100,  352,  386, 
3«i^,  390,  392-396,  398,  399,  401, 
403-405,  409- 

Priors  of,  36,  82,  286,  305,  321,323, 
340,  342,  356,  389,  390,  392,  393, 
396,  401-405,  409,  410,  436 ;  list 
of,  not  indexed  separately,  552, 

553- 
Dunster  Rectory  and  tithes,  384,  385, 

3X8,  409,  412,  413,  424,  429,  510. 
Dunster,  Streets,  lanes  and  bridges: — 
Barnbridge,  316. 
Brook  Lane,  50,  329,  330. 
Brook  Lane  Foot  bridge,  329,  348. 
Castle  Bailey,  the  Bailey,  or  Castle 

Street,    99,   307,   335,   338,   339, 

362,  367. 
Church    Street,    New    Street,    or 

Middle  Street,  335,  337,  339,34°, 

462. 
Colyer's  Lane,  or  Le  Lane,  341. 
Conduit  Lanu,  339. 
Dene  Lane,  347. 
Gallocksbridge,    or    Doddebridge, 

297,  341,  342,  347. 
Gallockstreet,  297,  320,   341,  342, 

347,  467- 
Gallockswell  Lane,  341. 


572 


INDEX 


Dunster,  Streets,  &c.  contd. 
Goose  Wheekes  Path  on  Grabbist, 

301. 
High   Street,    Fore    Street,   North 
Street,   East    Street,   '  Chepyng- 
strete, '  or   Market   Street,   277, 
285,311,33(^335,  338-340,  343, 
467,  511. 
Hurlepool  Path,  347. 
Marsh  Street,  Marshway,  329,  348. 
Mill  Bridge,  328. 
St.  George's  Street,  339,  347,  433, 

467. 
St.  Thomas's  Street,  or  Rattle  Row, 

329,  330. 
Sea  Lane,  295. 
Tucker  Street,  298. 
Water  Street,  341. 
West  Street,    298,   301,  338,   340, 
341,  347,362,  467. 
Dunster  Vicarage,  387,  416,  419,  433. 
Vicars  and  '  Curates  '  of,  222,  271, 
387,  389,  390,  394,  400-406,  412- 
415,   457;   list  of,    not    indexed 
separately,  553-555- 
Dunster,  W.  Abbot  of  Cleeve,  433. 
Dunsterdene,  Staunton  in,  447,  449. 
Durand  the  Steward,  5,  383,  384. 
Durborough,  Hugh,  343. 
John,  45. 
Sir  John,  47. 

family  and  arms,  167,  550. 
Durham,  Bishop  of.  Chancellor,  85. 
Dye,  Giles,  347. 
Dyer,  John,  115,  116. 
Dyke,  Edward,  224,  226. 
Elizabeth,  442. 

Elizabeth  (Lady  Acland),  224. 
Margaret.    Sec  Luttrell,  Margaret. 
Thomas,  442. 
family,  216. 


E 


Eastbury  manor  in  Carhampton,  272. 
Easthampstead  (Berks),  54. 
Ecclesiastical  Commission,  419. 
Edgcote  (Northampton),  125. 
Edgcumbe,  Dame  Catherine,  162, 165. 

Peter  and  Margaret,  141,  513,  547. 

Richard  and  Joan,  496. 
Edinburgh  (Scotland),  capture  of,  142. 
Edington,  444,  537. 
Edmondson,  Joseph,  herald,  539,  540. 
Education,  cost  of,  in  1682,  532,  533. 
Edward  the  Black  Prince,  44,  56,  yy. 
Edward  HL  446-448. 
Edward  IV.  122-125. 
Eels,  117. 
Egremont,  Earl  of.     Sec  Wyndham. 


Ekedene,  Nicholas  son  of  Payn,  319. 

Elba  (Italy),  269. 

Eld,  Francis,  340. 

Election  expenses,  250,  251,  255,  257. 

Eliot,  John  and  Denise,  496. 

Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Edward  I,  76. 

Ellerker,  John  of,  507,  508. 

Ellesworth,  Richard  and  Agnes,  170. 

Ellicombe  in  Dunster,  258,  347,412. 

Ellisworth,  John,  290. 

Emmys  Cross,  alias  Lankey  Cross,  in 

Carhampton,  348. 
Engelram  son  of  Juelin,  384. 
Enghien  (Belgium),  269. 
Enmore,  86.     See  also  Malet. 
Erasmus,  the  Paraphrases  of,  422. 
Erie,  Thomas,  219. 
Errol,  Earl  of,  154. 
Escott,  Aldred,  457. 

George,  348. 

Hugh,  269. 

Lawrence,  347,  348. 

the  Rev.  T.  Sweet,  457. 

the  Rev.  W.  Sweet,  457. 
Essex,  Earls  of,  30.     See  also  Bohun; 

Mandeville. 
Est,  mythical  earldom  of,  23-25. 
Estkantok.     See  Quantockshead,  East. 
Eton  College  (Buckingham),  270-273, 

275,  536,  537- 
journey  to,  from  Dunster,  535. 
Everard,  John,  343. 
John  and  Susan,  532. 
Patrick  and  Joan,  50. 
Robert,  283,  343. 
Thomas,  299. 
William,  277,  280,  343. 
family,  274,  348. 
Evermue,  Walter  de,  64. 
Evesham,  battle  of,  35. 
Eworth,  Hans,  painter,  559. 
Exchequer,  83,  86,  no,  171,  203,  309. 
Excommunication,  168. 
Exeter  (Devon),  in,  127,   191,   192, 
201,  206,  314,  527. 
Church  of  St.  Nicholas  at,  77. 
Bishop  of,  1S4,   85,    120.     See   also 

Blond  ;  Stafford. 
Canon  of.     See  Bloyou,  Henry. 
Treasurer  of.  See  Wideslade,  Rich- 
ard. 
Exeter,    Duke    of,     123.       See    also 

Holland. 
Exeter.     See  Cook  ;  Foxwell  ;  Hems  ; 

Prigg  ;  Yorke. 
Exeter  Domesday,  276. 
Exford,  384,  385,  391,  412,  413.     Sec 

also  Arundel. 
Exminster  (Devon),  220. 
Exmoor  forest,  80,  131,  132. 
Exton,  124,  126. 


INDEX 


573 


Eylesvvorthe,  Eylysvvorthi,  John,  357, 

360. 
Eyr.    See  Hayre. 


Fairfax,  Sir  Thomas,   188,  190,  192, 

193- 
Fairlield.     See  Palmer. 
Fairoak  in  Carhampton,  347. 
Fairs,  65,  277,  292,  471. 
Falaise  (Normandy),  15. 
Falconbridge,  Peter  of,  70. 
Falmouth  (Cornwall),  527. 
Fanshawe,  Captn.  Henry  and  Caro- 
line, 536. 
Farway  manor  (Devon),  30. 
Farwell,  Thomas  and  Sarah,  476. 
Fauntleroy,  Peter  and  Joan,  461,  462. 
Felbrigg   (Norfolk).     See  Wyndham. 
Fell,  John,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  204. 
Felons'  goods,  308. 
F'eltwell  (Norfolk),  77. 
Ferguson,  Alice  Edwina  daughter  of 

Col.  Munro,  275. 
F'ern,  281,  345. 
Ferrers,  William  de.  Earl  of  Derby, 

31,32. 
Fienles,  Isabel  de,  556. 
Fife  (Scotland),  144,  149,  150 
Fifehead  (Dorset),  472,  497. 
Fihvood  forest,  in  Whitchurch,  87. 
Flinch,  Leopold,  219. 

Col.  191. 
Fintrie  (Scotland).     Sec  Graham. 
Fiscaballi,  Leonard,  131. 
Fish,  90-93,  96,  97,  112,  304. 
Fishbourne,  Sir  Giles  of,  67,  68. 
Fisheries,  296,  383,  384. 
F^itz  Count,  Henry,  18. 
Fitz  Geoffrey,  John,  29. 
Fitz  James,  Sir  James,  173. 

Margaret  relict  of  Richard,  514. 
Fitz  Payn,  296. 
Fitz  Piers,  Eleanor,  36. 

arms  of,  500. 
Fitzurse,  John,  74. 

Sir  Ralph,  47. 

Ralph,  67,  281. 

family,  167. 
Fitz  Walter,  Sir  Walter  and  Philippa, 

41,51- 
arms  of,  501. 
Fitz  Warren,  Fitz  Waryn,  Sir  Ivo,  95. 

Lord,  137. 
Fitz  William,  Elizabeth  daughter  of 

John, 477-479- 
Flamank,  Joan  daughter  of  Thomas, 

461. 
Flanders,  138,  491. 


Baldwin,  Count  of,  8. 
Fleet  (Dorset),Mohuns  of,  40, 472-477. 

Church  of,  473-475,  502. 
Fleming,  Hawis  le,  29,  30,  352. 

Captn — and  Mary,  529. 

William  le,  29,  30. 

arms  of,  29. 
Flitcham  Priory  (Norfolk),  77,  138. 
'  Flockys  ',  '  flokkes  ',  298,  299. 
Fordham,  William  of,  46,  47,  49. 
Fordingbridge  (Hants),  40, 
Foreland,  the,  in  Countesbury,  295. 
Foremarsh,     in     Carhampton,     and 
Dunster,  228,  462,  463,  465,  467. 
Foremarsh,  Ralph  atte,  436. 
'  Forestallers  ',  305. 
Forests  south  of  Trent,  chief  justice 

of,  19. 
Fortescue,  Honora  daughter  of  John, 
of  Buckland  P'illeigh,  200. 

Achilles  and  Prudence,  515. 
Fossard,  Agnes  and  Gertrude  daugh- 
ters of  Robert,  63. 
Foughler,  John,  no. 
Fowey  (Cornwall),  477,  483. 
Fowlersmarsh,  391. 
Fownes,  A.  218. 

Anne,  218. 

Henry,    226,    227,    551.    See    also 
Luttrell,  Henry  Fownes. 

John  and  Anne,  227,  488. 

arms  of,  228. 
Fox,  Henry,  statesman,  240. 
Foxe,  a  widow,  416. 
Foxgrove  in  Dunster,  410. 
Foxwell,  Edward,  201. 
Frackford  in  Dunster,  298,  299,  301, 
341,  347,391,  456.St'f  also  Gryme. 
France,  87,  138,  509. 

Kings  of,  79,  138. 
Franceys,  William,  108. 
Francis,  John   and   Susan,  177. 
Frank,  Henry  and  Christina,  399. 

John,  289. 
Franklyn,  William,  tailor,  206,  207, 

209,  210,  213. 
Freeman,  Mr.  419. 
Frekeford.  Sec  Frackford. 
Friar,  a  French,  88. 

John,  58. 
Friars,  Black,  58,  506. 

Grey,  27,  28,  139. 
P>iardel  (Normandy),  16. 
Frilford.  See  Frackford. 
Fry,  Bartholomew,  451,  452. 

Elizabeth,  452. 

Ferdinando,  452. 

Peter,  451. 

Robert,  247,  451. 

William,  450,  451. 
Fuel,  143,  144,  281,  282. 


574 


INDEX 


Fulford,  Sir  Thomas,  126. 
Fuller,  Thomas,  historian,  284. 
F'uhvood  forest.     Sec  Filvvood. 
Funerals,  58,  103,  113,  139,  201,  215, 

507,  524- 

Furneaux,  Sir  Simon,  47. 

Furnival,  Lord,  84. 

Furze,  281,  307. 

Fust,  Sir  Edward,   Catherine,  Eliza- 
beth and  Dorothy,  475,  476. 

Fynne,  Joan,  347. 

Fytz,  George  and  John,  413. 


Gainsborough  Castle  (Lincoln).     Sec 

Gambon. 
Gale,  George,  255,  257,  258,  262,  293. 
Gallocksclose,     Gallockscross,     Gal- 
locksdown,     Gallockswell,     and 
Gallockswood,  in  Dunster,  297, 
341,  342,  347- 
Gallockswell,  Robert  of,  286. 
Gallows,  297,  342. 
Galmpton  (Devon),  33. 
Galsworthy,  William  and  Elizabeth, 

516. 
Gambon,  John,  450. 

William,  447-450. 
Game,  99. 

Gamston  (Nottingham),  59,  65. 
Gardener,  John,  58. 
Garland,  William,  362. 
Garter  King  of  Arms,  486. 
Garter,  Order  of  the,  45,  51,  76. 
Gascoigne,  William,  chief  justice,  85. 
Gascony,  60,  79,  97,  508. 
Gatchell,  Lucy  daughter  of  John,  534. 
Gatton  (Surrey),  163.  Sec  also  Cople;. 
Gaunt,  Avice  of,  63. 

Gilbert  of,  8. 

Henry  of,  63. 

John  of,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  44,  y^, 
78,  122,  447. 

Margaret  of,  63,  66. 

Maud  of,  63. 

Maurice  of,  62-66. 

Robert  of,  63. 

Walter  of,  8. 

family,  64. 
Gay,  John,  136,  137. 
Genoa.    See  Doria  ;  Gentili. 
Gentili,  Ludovico,  295. 
Geoffrey,  Robert  son  of,  8. 
George,  Prince,  of  Denmark,  215. 
Gerard,  Thomas,  284. 
Geroius,  383. 
Gesla  Stcpliani,  5,  6,  350. 
Ghcid  Inquest,  the,  4. 
Ghent  (Belgium),  156,  269. 


Gibbons,  Grinling,  carver,  368. 

Gilbert  the  priest,  384. 

Gilbert,  Thomas,  403. 

Gillcotts,  Gildenecote,  in   Carhamp- 
ton,  312,  321,  436. 

Gillingham  (Dorset),  78,  82,  93. 

Giltchapel  in  Dunster,  now  in  Car- 
hampton,  317,  342,  347,  348,  410. 

Girebert   the   archdeacon   (of  Taun- 
ton ?),  384. 

Gireward  the  monk,  384. 

Glasney  (Cornwall).     See  Stoke. 

Glastonbury,  161,388,403. 
Abbots  of,  403,  478. 

Glastonbury,  Sir  Henry  of,  282,  283. 

Glendower,  Owen,  73,  80. 

Gloucester,    Sir   Walter    and    Lady, 

507- 

Walter  and  Elizabeth,  508. 
Glover,  Martyn,  400. 
Glover's  Roll  of  Arms,  498. 
Gloves,  99,  209-212,  533. 
Glynton,  Sir  Ivo  de,  46. 
Godard,  John,  21. 
Godbeare,  Richard,  452. 
Godfrey,  Mary,  514. 
Godmanston  (Dorset),  472. 
Godolphin,  James  and  Mary,  162. 
Godwin,  Dr.  234. 
Godwyn,  William,  80,  82,  87,  88,  91, 

103,  107. 
Gogh,  John,  125. 
Golafre,  Sir  John  and  Philippa,  51. 

arms,  501. 
Goldesmyth,  Jerard,  305. 
Gollop,  John  and  Elizabeth,  474. 
Goodwin,  Elizabeth  daughter  of  John, 

417- 
Gordons,  Scottish  hostages,  155. 
Gorges,  Samuel,  201. 

Frances  daughter  of  Sir  Edward, 

519- 
Goring  (Oxford),  37,  47,  51. 
Goring,  Lord,  188,  191. 
Gossop,  Obadiah,  486. 
Gough,  Christine  daughter  of  Robert, 

510. 
Sir  Richard,  523. 
Gould,  James,  237. 

John  and  Sarah,  476. 
Grabbist,  hill  in  Dunster,   287,  298- 

301,  317,  339,  340,  392,  442. 
Grafton,  Duke  of,  244,  248,  249. 
Grafton,  William  and  Eleanor,  496. 
Graham,  Sir  David,  of  Fintrie,  151. 
Grain,  307,  322,  324. 
Grampound  (Cornwall),  485. 
Grange  (Devon).     See  Drewe. 
Grange  Mohun  (Kildare),  i,  37. 
Granger,  the  duties  of  a,  322,  323. 
Gravener,  Nicholas,  412. 


INDEX 


S7S 


Green,  Mary  daughter  of  Sir  Henry, 

509- 
Greenaleigh  in  Minehead,  81,  258. 
Greenwich  (Kent),  132,  161. 
Gregory,  George,  453. 

Joan  reUct  of  Lewis,  453. 

John,  escheator,  no. 

Lewis,  453. 
Grene,  William,  80. 
Grenville,  Sir  Richard,  188,  190,  191. 
Grey,  Edward,   Viscount  Lisle,  438, 

439- 

Elizabeth,  439. 

Elizabeth,  Baroness  Lisle,  439. 

Elizabeth,  Viscountess  Lisle,  438. 

John,  Viscount  Lisle,  439. 

John  de,  of  Codnor,  32. 

Muriel,  Viscountess  Lisle,  439. 

William  de,  504. 

Lord,  of  Wilton,  145,  151. 
Greyhounds,  restriction  of,  308. 
Greyme.     See  Gryme. 
Grevwell  (Hants),  33,  48,  52. 
Griffith,  Elizabeth  relict  of  Col.  Ed- 
ward, 494. 
Griffyth,  Lewis,  135-137. 
'  Grisel  Gris, '  a  horse,  45. 
Grobecker,  W.  A  ,  529,  530. 
Grooms,  100-102. 
Gryme,  John,  400,  401,  406,  414. 
Guienne,  477. 

Guinea,  Ginney  (Africa),  559. 
Gurdon,  Adam,  35. 
Gurnai,  Gurney,  Hugh  de,  14. 

Robert  de,  64. 
Gwinnear  (Cornwall).  See  Godolphin. 
Gyltchapell     See  Giltchapel. 


H 


Hadham  (Hertford).     Sec  Capel. 
Hadley,  Anne,  169. 

James,  169. 

Margaret  daughter  of  Christopher, 
167-169,  174,  425,  426. 

Philippa,  169. 

Richard,  169. 

arms  of,  426. 
Hadley's  House  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Hainneville   castle   at   Moyon    (Nor- 
mandy), 16. 
Hales,  Sir  Christopher,  440. 
Halifax  (Nova  Scotia),  527. 
Hall  near  Fowey  (Cornwall),  477. 
Hall,  Jonathan,  453. 
Hammoon,  Ham  Mohun  (Dorset),  1,4, 

11,469-472,  497. 
Hamilton,  Duke  of,  493. 
Hampole  (York),  505. 
Hampton.     Set'  Southampton. 


Hams,  the,  in  Dunster,  410. 

Hancock,  Abraham,  206. 

Hanham,  Joan   daughter  of   Simon, 

437- 
Hanktord,  William,  judge,  86. 
Harding,  Robert  son  of  Robert  son 

of,  63. 
Hardington,  70.     Sec  also  Bampfield. 
Hardwicke,  Lord,  244. 
Hardy,  Rachael  daughter  of  Francis, 

519- 
Hares,  343. 
Harfleur  (Normandy),  87,  90-93,  95, 

55«- 
Harington,  Lord,  76. 

Lady,  loi,  116. 
Harleston,  Elizabeth  wife  of  William, 
107,  128. 

William,  106,  107,  128. 
Harness,  98, 99. 

Harper's  house  at  Carhampton,  348. 
Harris,  Joan  daughter  of  John,  496. 

John  and  Cordelia,  487. 

John  and  Sibyl,  471. 

Richard,  401. 

Thomas  and  Eleanor,  496. 

William,  400,  401. 
Harrison,  Philip,  334. 
Hart,  W  ,  347. 

Hartland  (Devon),  144,  514-518,  549, 
Sceal-ioAhhot;  Choi  will;  Docton; 
Orchard ;  Stucley. 
Hartrow.     See  Escott. 
Harvard  College  (U.  S.  A.),  380. 
Harvest,  322. 

Harvey,  Edward  and  Frances,  216. 
Haslam,  Mr.  235. 
Hastings,    Jouette    daughter    of    Sir 

John,  446. 
Hatch,  32. 
Havel.     Sec  Avill. 
Hawkcombe  Head,  274. 
Hawks,  88,  99,  343. 
Hawkvvood,  Sir  Thomas,  58. 
Hawley,  Francis,  184. 
Hawton  (Nottingham),  542. 
Hayman,  William,  233,  249,  254, 258, 

259- 
Hayne  (Devon).  Sec  Harris. 
Hayne,  Mr.  254. 
Hayre,  or  Eyr,  Elizabeth  or  Isabel, 

daughter  of  Richard,  480,  560. 
Head-money,  319. 
Healey  (Lancaster),  67. 
Hearne,  Thomas,  490,  523,  524. 
Heath,  281,  282,  307,  340,  345. 
Heath,  John,  K.C.  252. 
Hcathficld     Durborough,    167,    202, 

228,  269.  See  also  Durborough  ; 

Venn  House  ;  Wibwell. 
Heavitree  (Devon).  Sec  Ayres. 


576 


INDEX 


Hedgehogs  killed,  214. 

Heere,  Lucas   d',  painter,    156,  157, 

176,  559- 
Hele,  Anne  and  Margaret,  473. 

Philippa  daughter  of  Sir  John,  484. 

Thomas,  184. 
Helyer,  Henry,  357. 
Hembury  near  Bristol,  536. 
Hembury,  Broad  (Devon).  Sec  Drewe. 
Hems,  H.  carver,  432. 
Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  portrait  of, 

382. 
Hensty    in    Carhampton,    342,   344, 

347,  348,  466. 
Heningham.  See  Hevingham. 
Heralds,  472, 479, 480.  See  also  Garter. 
Herbert,  John,  123. 

Sir  Richard,  125. 

Thomas,  123. 

Sir  William,  Lord  Herbert,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  123-125. 

William,  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
'  Lord  of  Dunster  ',  124-126,  128, 
129,  451. 

family,  127,  132,  363. 
Hereford  Cathedral  church,  380. 
Hereford,  Maud,  Countess  of,  36. 

Earl  of.  See  Bohun. 
Herefordshire,  turned  chairs  in,  380. 
Hermodville,  William  de,  384. 
Heme,  John,  345. 

Herring,  the  Rev.  Leonard,  245,  247. 
Hertford,  Earl  of,    142,  440.  See  also 
Seymour. 

Marquess  of,  180,  i8r,  183. 
Hevingham  (Norfolk),  81. 
Heytesbury  (Wilts).  See  Ashe. 
Hickling  (Nottingham),  66. 
Hides,  304. 
Hill,  Anne,  169. 

Captn.  492. 

Giles,  169. 

Margaret  daughter  of  Robert,  132, 
169,  364. 

Richard,  172,  490. 

Robert  and  Alice,  132,  169. 

Robert,  a  lawyer,  86. 

arms  of,  140,  363,  547,  548. 
Hillary,  Elizabeth  daughter  of  John, 

474- 
Hillebouer  in  Dunster,  410. 
Hillsborough,  Earl  of,  417. 
Hilton,  Sir  Godfrey  and   Hawis,  509, 

510, 560. 
Godfrey,  510. 
Hintoii  Ainpner  (Hants),  329. 
Hinlon  Biewett  manor,  441. 
Hobart  (Tasmania),  528,  529. 
Hobbcs  or  Holes,  a  widow,  348. 
Hobson,  Margaret  relict  of  Thomas, 

514. 


Hody,  Sir  Alexander,  120-123. 

Thomas,  87,  359,  472. 
Hoke  (Dorset),  118. 
Holcomb,  Sir  John,  414. 
Holcombe  manor  (Dorset),  472. 
Holcroft,  Sir  Thomas,  147. 
'  Holcrop  ',  a  petty  pilferer,  305. 
Holland,  John,  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 

Duke  of  Exeter,  448-450. 
Hollingborrowes  in  Dunster,  366. 
Holly  Hill  in  Carhampton,  467. 
Holne,  John  of,  280. 

Richard  of,  277. 

William  of,  283. 
Holnicote  in  Selworthy,  237,  251, 442. 
Holsworthy  (Devon).  See  Mapowder. 
Holway  House  in  Carhampton,  342, 

347- 
Holy  Land,  the,  22,  59,  66. 
Homond,  Ellen  daughter  of  Robert, 

332. 
Honibere  in  Lilstock,  141,  513,  518. 
Hoo,  barony  and  arms  of,    163,  164. 
Hood,  Anne  Elizabeth  Periam,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  Alexander,  275. 
Hooper,  George,  Bishop  of  Bath  and 

Wells,  portrait  of,  373. 
Hopcot  In  Wootton  Courtenay,  167, 

297. 
Hopkegarden,  the,  in  Dunster,  300. 
Hopton,  Ralph,  Lord,   180,  181,  188, 

191. 
Horses,  45,  81,  97-100,  iii,  323. 
Horsey,    Elizabeth   daughter   of    Sir 

John,  483. 
John,  440. 

Sir  Ralph  and  Edith,  483. 
Horsman,  William,  462. 
Horswell  (Devon),  34. 
Horton  (Kent),  215. 
Hossom  family,  301. 
Hothorp,  William,  48. 
Hooton    Pagnell   (York),  62,  63,   65, 

504-  541- 
Hou,  Walter  de  la.  Abbot  of  Newen- 

ham,  24,  49,  498. 
Houndston.     See  Hill. 
Howard  of  Effingham,  Lord,  163. 
Howard,   Thomas,    Earl   of    Surrey, 

439- 
Howe,  George,  300. 
Hoyle,  William,  334. 
Huish,  64,  124. 

Hull,  Thomas,  surveyor,  378-380. 
Humez,  Richard  de,  14. 
Hungerford,  Anne  daughter   of   Sir 
George,  525. 

Elizabeth  relict  of  George,  527. 

Walter,  526,  527. 
Hunt,  John,  98,  100. 
Hunting,  19,  132,  214,  270,  273,  470. 


INDEX 


577 


Huntingdon,  Earls  of.    See  Herbert ; 

Holland. 
Huntley,  Hugh,  123. 
Hunygod,  287. 
Hurford,  John,  345. 
Hurlepool  in  Dunster,  300. 
Husbandry,  treatise  on,  321-324. 
Husk,  — ,  234. 
Huyshe,  John,  305. 
Hyde,  Margaret  daughter  of  Stephen, 

473- 
arms  of,  502. 
Hydon,  Thomas,  359. 
Hylwen,  Robert,  98. 
Hyndford,  Lord,  240. 


Ilchester,  83,  86. 

He  Brewer,  17,  36,  37. 

Illycombe,  Godfrey  of,  436. 

Imbercombe.     See  Timberscombe. 

Inchcolm  (Scotland),  142-147- 

Ingram,  301. 

Ireland,  15,  60,  76,  78,  194,  275,  295, 

444,  477,  493,  540. 
Ireland,  Duke  of,  449. 
Irish  servants,  restriction  of,  308. 
Irnham  (Lincoln),  63-66,  68,  73,  504- 

510. 
Irnham,  Baron,  539. 
Isaac  of  York,  a  Jew,  60. 
Isabella,  Queen,  40. 
Ivelcombe,  Sir  Henry  and  Isabel,  479. 
Iveton,  120,  124,  126,  133,  166. 
Iwood,  74. 


J 


Jannsen,  Cornelius,  painter,  485. 

'  Japan  '  furniture,  321. 

Jedworth  (Scotland),  149. 

Jeremy,   Charlotte  daughter  of    the 

Rev.  John,  534. 
Jerusalem  (Palestine),  13. 
Jervoise,  Maria  daughter  of  Thomas, 

529- 
Jewels,  129,  162,  165,  215-217,  228. 
Jews,  19,  60. 

Jews  in  VViveliscombe.    See  Capps. 
Joce,  John,  361. 
John  the  charioteer,  82. 
Jone,  Elizabeth,  303. 

William,  287. 
Joan,  Queen,  87. 
Jones,  Prudence,  512. 


Karampton.    See  Carhampton. 

Karemore.     See  Caremore. 

Kedley  or  Ridley,  alias  Pointer,  Joan 

daughter  of  William,  496. 
Kemeys,   William   Martin,   Lord  of, 

445. 
Kempe,  John  and  Ellen,  436. 
Kennedy,  Lord,  490. 
Kent,  the  Fair  Maid  of,  77. 
Kent,  Herbert  of,  384- 
Kent,  Sir  Robert,  103. 
Kentisbury  (Devon),  133. 
Kenthford  near  Watchet,  74, 120,  124. 

See  also  Wyndham. 
Kersham   in  Luxborough,   386,  388, 

456. 
Keyford.    See  Prowse. 
Keynes,  Alexander  and  Sarah,  178. 
Keynsham.     See  Kersham. 
Kildare  (Ireland),  33,  37. 
Kilkenny  (Ireland),  33. 
Killigrew,     Mary    daughter    of    Sir 

Henry,  484. 
Kilton,  4,  12,  36,  47,  48,  50,  52,  53,  57, 

77,  83,  84,  119, 124,  126,  133,  142, 

159,  162,  166,  174,  178,  202,  228, 

322,  323,  383,  384,  392,  420,  518. 
Church,  385. 
Rectory  and  tithes,  385,  388,  409, 

410,  510. 
Park,  160. 
Kilve,  270,  273,  296. 
Kingsallers  in  Carhampton,  317. 
Kingsbridge  (Devon).    See  P>y  ;  Rey- 

nell. 
Kingston  in  Staverton  (Devon).     Sec 

Rowe. 
Kingston  near  Taunton,  226. 
Kingston,  Joan  daughter  of  Thomas, 

73- 
Sir  William,  142. 

Kingsvvear  (Devon),  220. 

Kingswood  forest  (Gloucester),  87. 

Kingweston.     Sec  Aldridge. 

Kit  Cat  Club,  the,  492. 

Kitswall    in    Carhampton,    now    in 
Timberscombe,  442. 

Kittery  Court  in  Kingswear  (Devon). 
See  Fownes. 

Knipe,    Thomas,    master   at    West- 
minster, 532. 

Knockin  (Salop).     Sec  Strange. 

Knowsley  (Lancaster),  375. 

Knyte,  Gervase,  'shipman,'  93. 

Knyvett,  Sir  Thomas,  439. 

Kodogon.     Sec  Codogan. 

Kymer,  William,  Curate  of  Dunster, 
222. 

Kynewordisham.    See  Kersham. 


V 


S78 


INDEX 


Kyng,  Roger,  'shipman,'  90,  91,  93. 

Thomas,  82. 
Kynggestone,  Thomas,  108. 
Kyiighorne  (Scotland),  146. 
Kvrton,  Edward,  183. 
Kytenor,  Geoffrey  of,  277,  280. 

William  of,  283. 


Lacy  family,  2. 

Lancaster,  Henry,  Earl  of,  40. 

Henry,  Duke  of,  Earl  of  Derby,  41, 
42,  477,  508. 

John,  Duke  of.     See  Gaunt. 

Thomas,  Earl  of,  38. 
Lancaster,  Duchy  of,  73. 
Langcombe  and   Langridge  in  Car- 

hampton  manor,  313. 
Langham,  Juliana,  Lady,  269. 
Langport,  45,  187. 
Langston,  John,  263-267. 
Lanhey  Cross.     See  Emmys  Cross. 
Lanteglos  by  Fowey  (Cornwall),  479, 

481,  503- 
'Larder-silver,'  292,  313. 
Laroon,  Marcellus,  portrait  by,  345. 
Laud,  William,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, 198. 
Lauerance,  John,  116. 
Launcelewe,  John,  37. 
Launceston  (Cornwall),  485. 
Lawrence,     Elizabeth     daughter    of 

Thomas,  494. 
Lawrence,  John,  80. 
Lawrence  Waltham  (Berks),  522. 
Leader  Jane  daughter  of  William,  537. 
Leake,  Sir  Francis,  147. 
'  Leaping-stocks,'  311. 
Leather,  pictures  on,  374,  375. 
Lechlond,  John,  299. 
Lee  (Kent),  489. 
Lee,  Elizabeth,  453. 

Henry,  347. 
Leeds  (Kent),  54,  78,  79. 
Legge,  Henry  Bilson,  417. 

Mr.  256. 
Leicester  (Leicester),  journey  to,  81. 
Legh,  Mr.  234. 

Rev.  George  Henry,  418. 

Maurice  and  Agnes  of,  64. 

W.  237. 

William,  241,  268,  301. 
Leigh  and  Leighland  in  Old  Cleeve, 

463  466. 
Leith  (Scotland),  142,  144. 
Leland,  John,  antiquary,  104,  296,  297, 

363,  421. 
Le  Mans  (France),  15. 
Lethbridge,  Sir  John,  267. 

Mr.  265,  266. 


Philip,  521. 
Lewes,  battle  of,  504. 
Lewes,  John,  290. 
Ley,  brother  Gilbert,  105. 

Richard,  512. 

Susan  daughter  of  Richard,  511. 
Leyborne  (Kent).     Sec  Whitworth. 
Lichfield  races,  269. 
Lilstock,  295,  513,  514,  518. 
Lincoln,  Bishop  of.      Sec  Burghersh. 
Lincoln,  Richard  of,  279. 
Lincoln,  Sheriff  of,  65. 
Linen  cloth,  manufacture  of,  298. 
Lisle,   Viscount.      See   Grey  ;   Plan- 

tagenet  ,  Talbot. 
Lisle,  William  and  Juliana,  32. 
Littlecote  (Wilts).     See  Popham. 
Livery,  loi,  102,  115,  213,  214. 
Llewellyn,  Prince  of  Wales,  33,  35. 
Loccombe.     See  Luccombe. 
Locke,  John,  philosopher,  524. 
Loders  Maltravers  (Dorset),  472. 
Loghene,  Elizabeth,  510. 

Margaret,  511. 
Loire,  the  (France),  294. 
Lokesborowgh.     See  Luxborough. 
Lokyer,  Hugh,  357. 
London,  32,  46,  53,  54,  82,  87,  98,  101, 
III,  116,  135,  140,  165,  175,  245, 
246,  249,  254,  256,  269,  317,  372, 
374,  376,  464,  490,  51B,  529,  535, 
546. 

Carthusians  in,  139. 

Charing  Cross,  32,  49,  491. 

Chelsea,  523,  524. 

Clerkenwell,  522. 

Drury  Lane,  464. 

Dutch  Embassy,  486. 

New  Exchange,  489. 

Exchange  women,  488,  489. 

Fleet  Bridge,  32. 

Fleet  Prison,  175,  204,  486. 

Gray's  Inn,  173,  176,  466,  514,  518, 
521,  522,  525. 

Holborn,  521,  522. 

Howard  Street,  Strand,  490. 

Hyde  Park,  493. 

Kensington,  270,  487. 

King's  Bench  Prison,  492. 

Lincoln's  Inn,  179,  184,  524. 

Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  234. 

Lombard  Street,  533. 

Marlborough  Street,  493. 

Marshalsea  Prison,  204. 

Mohun,  Soke  of,  32. 

Newgate,  34. 

Old  Palace  Yard,  491. 

Pall  Mall,  491. 

Rose  Alley  near  Holborn,  525. 

Rummer  tavern  at  Charing  Cross 
the,  492. 


INDEX. 


579 


London,  con  id. 

St.  Andrew's,   Holborn,  518,  522, 

524-  525- 
St.  Anne's,  Soho,  261. 
St.  Bartholomew's,  Smithfield,  34. 
St.  Bride's,  511. 
St.  Clement  Danes,  526, 
St.  Dunstan's  in  the  West,  336,  522. 
St.  Giles's,  521,  522,  524,  525. 
St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields,  486,487, 

489,  493- 
St.  Mary  Graces,  447-450. 
St.  James's  Park,  491. 
St.  James's  Place,  230. 
St.  James's  Street,  217. 
St.  Paul's,  23. 
St.  Sepulchre's,  34. 
Savoy  Chapel,  525. 
Snow  Hill,  near  Holborn,  486. 
Spanish  Embassy,  465. 
Strand,  the,  526. 
Surrey  Street,  526. 
Inner  Temple,  464,  517. 
Middle  Temple,  219,  473.  4H  4^5. 

520,524,530,531,  535- 
Tower,  the,  447,  490  -492,  523. 
Three  Cups  tavern,  near  Holborn, 

the,  523. 
Westminster,  235,  309,   343,   487. 

491,  508. 

Abbey,  52,  501. 

Abbot  and  Convent  of,  32. 

Chapel  of  St.  Nicholas,  52. 

Hall,  241,  490-492. 

St.  Margaret's,  521. 

School,  532,  533,  535- 
London,  Bishop  of,  86.     Sec  also  Sud- 
bury. 
Lord  Mayor  of,  215. 
Longford  Castle  (Wilts),  portrait  at, 

157,  559- 
Looe,  East  (Cornwall),  253,  483. 
Lophall.     Sec  Lo.xhole. 
Lord's  field,  the,  in  Dunster,  412. 
Loring,  Sir  Neal,  48. 
Lorty,  Sibyl  relict  of  Sir  Henry  de,  42. 
Lostwithiel  (Cornwall),  484,  485. 
Loterel.     See  Luttrell. 
Loty,  Elizabeth,  461,  463. 

Jane,  461. 

Joan  relict  of  John,  460. 

Joan  wife  and  relict  of  Robert,  461, 
462. 

John  (I),  303. 

John  (H),  122,  459. 

John  (HI),  460. 

Margaret,  461. 

Master,  400. 

Robert,  461,  462,  510. 
Loty's   Marsh    in   Dunster   or    Car- 
hampton,  467. 


'  Love-days',  116. 

Lovelace,  Lady,  219. 

Loveys,  Robert  and  Grace,  515. 

Lowe,  George  and  Catherine,  522. 

Lowther,  Sir  John,  242. 

Loxhole  in  Carhampton,  329,  344i4i2. 

Lucan  (Dublin),  540. 

Luccombe,  Geoffrey  of,  277,  282,  283. 

John  of,  39. 

Philip  of,  279,  280,  343. 
Lucy,  Robert  and  Agnes,  277,  389. 

Roger,  389. 

Walter,  Margery  and  Lucy,  389. 
Luffincot  (Devon),  514. 
Lumley,  Lord,  486,  558. 
Lundy  Island  (Devon),  75. 
Luny  in  St.  Ewe  (Cornwall),  494. 
Luppit  (Devon),  17,  22,  30. 
Luton  (Bedford),  36,  48. 
Luttrell, 

Abigail,  522. 

Agnes  wife  of  Sir   Geoffrey,  506, 

541- 
Sir  Alexander  (d.  1273),  65-68,  504, 

541- 
Sir  Alexander  (d.  1354),  47,  69-72, 

543-  .     .     , 

Alexander  son  oi  Sir  James,   122, 

123,  128. 
Alexander  son  of  Thomas,  184. 
Col.  Alexander  (  d.  1711),  203,  216, 

218-221,  342,  372,  532,  550.  551- 
Alexander  (d.  1737),  220-226,  230, 

374,430,551-  ^    ^  ^ 

Alexander  Fownes,  (b.  &  d.  1749), 

259- 
Alexander  P'ownes,  Rector  of  East 

Quantockshead    (d.   1816),    254, 

260,  534. 
Alexander  Fownes,  Rector  of  East 

Quantockshead  (d.    1888),    270, 

536,  537- 
Captn.  Alexander  Fownes,  27^. 
Alexander    CoUingwood    Fownes, 

537- 
Alexander  Henry    Fownes,  Vicar 

of  Minehead,  534,  537- 

Alexander  John  Fownes,  534. 

Alfred,  528,  529. 

Alice,  512. 

Alice  Edwina  wife  of  Captn.  Alex- 
ander Fownes,  275. 

Amias,  530. 

Amy  daughter  of  Thomas,  184. 

Amy  wife  of  Southcote,  520. 

Sir  Andrew,  of  Irnham  (d.  1265), 
61-66,  72,  73,  504,  541. 

Sir  Andrew,  of  Irnham  (d.  1390), 
507-509,  542. 

Sir  Andrew,  of  Irnham  (d.  1397), 
509,  542. 


58o 


INDEX 


Luttrell,  contd. 

Sir  Andrew,   of   East   Quantocks- 

head  (13 lo),  67-69,  75,  281,  542. 
Sir  Andrew,  of  Chilton  (1378),  53, 

7^78. 
Sir  Andrew  (d.  1538),  133-14°,  I53, 

160,  166,  169,  286,  288,  363,  364, 

409,  439,  451,  457,  547.  548- 
Andrew,  Rector  of  East  Quantocks- 

head,  69,  75. 
Andrew,    Rector    of    Bridgeford, 

505- 
Andrew  son  of  Sir  Andrew  141. 
Andrew  son  of  Thomas,  171,  426. 
Andrew  son  of  George,  176. 
Andrew,  505, 511,512, 514,  5i5,  5i7- 
Anne  daughter  of  Sir  Hugh,  107. 
Anne  wife  of  Francis,  220. 
Anne   daughter   of    Francis,    221, 

224,  225. 
Anne,  Duchess  of  Cumberland,  261, 

539- 
Anne  Fownes,  261. 
Anne  Fownes,  536. 
Anne,  515,  520,  525,  526,  530,  531. 
Anne   Elizabeth    Periam,   wife  of 

George  Fownes,  275. 
Annora  daughter  of  Sir  Andrew, 

66. 
Annora  daughter  of  Sir  Alexander, 

67. 
Anthony,  202,  515-517. 
Arthur,  516,  517,  519. 
Arthur  John  Fownes,  270. 
Aubrey,  505. 

Augusta  Margaret  P'ownes,  270. 
Beatrice  wife  of  Sir  Andrew,  506, 

508,  542. 
Beatrice  Fownes,  275. 
Caroline  daughter  of  Col.  Francis 

Fownes,  270. 
Caroline  Fownes,  536. 
Caroline  Lucy  Fownes,  535. 
Catherine  wife  of  Sir  Hugh,  98- 

100,  104,  105,  no,  III,  115,  116, 

544- 
Catherine   daughter   of   Sir   John, 

162-164. 
Catherine  daughter  of  George,  177. 
Catherine,  519,  521,  522,  532. 
Cecily   daughter   of   Sir    Andrew, 

141,  549- 
Cecily  daughter  of  Hugh,  511. 
Charles,  515,  522. 
Charlotte,  525. 
Charlotte  daughter  of  Col.  Francis 

Fownes,  270. 
Charlotte  daughter  of  John  Fownes, 

271. 
Charlotte  wife  of  Francis  Fownes, 

271,  535,  536. 


Charlotte  wife  of  Alexander  Henry 

Fownes,  534. 
Christine,  510,  511. 
Christopher,  517. 

Claude  Mohun  Fownes,  275,  559. 
Denise  wife  of  Thomas,  72. 
Diana,  178. 
Dorothy  daughter  of  Sir  John,  162, 

165. 
Dorothy  wife   of   Alexander,   217, 

221,  222,  372,  373. 
Dorothy  daughter   of    Alexander, 

221. 
Dorothy,  519,  522,  525. 
Dorothy  Hope  wife  of  Hugh  Cour- 

tenay  Fownes,  275. 
Edgar,  529. 
Edmund  B.  S.  529. 
Captn.  Edward,  521,  525,  526. 
Dr.  Edward,  527-529. 
Edward,  511-513,   516,   517,  5^9- 

521,  525-528. 
Edward  son  of  Col.  Francis  Fownes, 

270. 
Edward  son  of  George  Fownes, 

275- 
Edward  son  of   Francis   Fownes, 

536. 
Edward  Hungerford,  529. 
Edwin,  528. 
Eleanor    daughter   of   Sir    Hugh, 

133- 
Eleanor,  514,  516. 
Elizabeth   wife  of   Sir  Andrew,  of 

Chilton,  50,  52-54,  76-78,  83,  501, 

543,  545- 
Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir  Hugh, 

106,  107,  128. 
Elizabeth  wife  of  Sir  James,  122, 

123,  126-130,  432. 
Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir  Andrew, 

141. 
Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir   Hugh, 

133- 
Elizabeth  daughter  of  George,  177. 
Elizabeth  wife  of  George,  200. 
Elizabeth  wife  of  John,  412,  510. 
Elizabeth,   505,  507,  508,  512-517, 

519,  520,  527. 
Elizabeth  F'ownes,  275. 
Eva  Fownes,  537. 
Fanny  Harriet  Fownes,  538. 
Florence  daughter    of   Alexander 

Fownes,  538. 
Florence  Blanche  wife  of  Alexander 

Collingwood  Fownes,  537. 
Florence  Louisa  Fownes,  538. 
Frances  daughter  of  Col.  Francis, 

216,  218. 
Frances  wife  of   Henry  Fownes, 

261. 


INDEX. 


581 


Luttiell,  could. 

Frances,  512,  513,  5i9,  520,  522, 

531. 
Francis  {  d.  1666),  184,  201-203,  301  • 
Col.  Francis  ( d.  1690),  203-210,  213- 

221,  367-369,429.  532,533,550. 
Francis,  of  Venn   House  (d.  1732), 

220-222,  225. 
Francis,  of  Gray's   Inn  (d.  1677), 

202,  521.  ,    ,  , 

Francis,  of  the  Middle  lemple  (d. 

1749),  225,  524-  525- 
Francis,  512,  515,  519,  52i,  522, 52> 
Francis  Fownes  ( d.  1823),  254,  258, 

259,  260,  262,  535,  536. 
Francis  Fownes  (b.  S-d.  1795),  535- 
Col.  Francis  Fownes,  269. 
Francis  Fownes  (d.  1880),  270. 
Francis  Wynne  Fownes,  536. 
Frederick,  528. 
Frethesant   wife  of  Sir   Geoffrey, 

61-63.  ^      ^ 

Sir  Geoffrey  (1216),  59-6i,  63,  540, 

541. 
Sir  Geoffrey,  of  Irnham  (  d.  1270), 

65,66,68,69,71,  504,541- 
Sir  Geoffrey,  of  Irnham  ( d.  1345), 

505-507,  541,  542- 
Geoffrey,  507- 
Sir  Geoffrey,  of  Irnham  ( d.  1419), 

88,  509,  542, 545- 

Geoffrey  Fownes,  275. 

George  (d.  1629),  141,  i57,i68,  171- 
179,  283,  292,  300,  301,  309,  331, 
333,  346,  365,  366,  411,  415,  417, 
425,  426,  440,  452,  463,  511,  548- 

550. 
George  (d.  1655),  184,  186,  195-200, 

321,331-  ^     ^ 

George  (b.  &  d.  1651),  200. 
George  (1580),  133. 
George  (d.  1619),  176. 
George  (1659),  202,  531. 
George,  510,  511. 
George  Fownes,  62,  270,  273-275, 

381,419,431,442- 
George  Walter,  529. 
Grace,  515,  5i7- 
Guy,  505. 
Hannah,  529. 
Harriet  Fownes,  271. 
Harriet  Maria  Hungerford,  530. 
Hawis  wife  of  Sir  Andrew,  509. 
Hawis   daughter   of   Sir   Andrew, 

509,  510. 
Helena  wife  of  Francis   Fownes, 

270. 
Helena  Louisa  Fownes,  270. 
Henry  Fownes  (  d.  1780),  228-259, 
291,  292,  301,  328,  339,  345,  346, 
370,  376-381,  454,  466,  467,  551- 


Henry  Fownes  ( d.  1777),  254,  260. 
Henry  Fownes  (  d.  1867),  269,  270, 

273- 
Henry  Fownes  (d.  1813),  535- 
Henry  Acland  Fownes,  273,  537- 
Henry  Jeremy  Fownes,  538. 
Honor  daughter  of   Sir   Andrew, 

141. 
Honor  wife  of  George,  200,  201, 

550. 

Honor,  511. 

Sir  Hugh  (  d.  1428),  38,  57,  73,  79, 
81,83-93,  95,  97-110,  112,  304, 
318, 325-327,  343,  354,  358,  359, 
472,  361,  362,  364,  432,  450,  451, 
459,  509,  540,  543-546,  549.  557, 

Sir  Hugh  (d.  152 1),  78-80, 128-135, 
140,  169,  220,  299,  332,  363,  364, 
402,  403,  451,  460,  547,  548,  550. 

Hugh,  of  Rodhuish,  176,  531,  550- 

Hugh,  510-512,514,  531- 

Hugh  Courtenay  Fownes,  275. 

Hungerford,  528-530. 

Isabel,  507. 

Sir  James,  74,  ^H,  1^5,  118-129, 
169,  459,  546,  548- 

Jane  wife  of  Thomas,  179, 181,  i»2, 
184,  185,  203,  550. 

Jane  daughter  of  Francis,  215. 

Jane,  5^3,  515-5^9,  522,   531-533, 

550- 
Jane  wife  of  Alexander   Fownes, 

537- 
Jewell,  513- 

Joan  wife  of  Thomas,  71,  72. 
Joan    wife  of   Sir   John,    of    East 

Quantockshead,  73. 
Joan  wife  of  Sir  John,  of  Chilton, 

76,  78. 
Joan,  a  nun,  108. 
Joan  daughter  of  Sir  James,  122, 

417. 
Joan  wife  of  George,  176,  I77,  425, 

426. 
Joan   divorced  wife  of  John,  461, 

462,  510. 
Joan  wife  of  Sir  Robert,  505. 
Joan  wife  of  Sir  Andrew,  509. 
Joan,  461,  505,  512,  513,  520. 
John  (1305),  67.  ,     ,   .      . 

Sir  John,  of  East  Quantockshead, 

72,  73,  75,  79,  543,  545,  549- 
John  son  of  Richard,  Constable  of 

Dunster  Castle,  79,  m- 
Sir  John,  of  Chilton,  69,  75,  76. 
John,  of  Chilton,  78. 
Sir  John  (d.  1430),  87,  88,  106,  108- 

114,  116-119,  309,  318,  326,  344, 

360,  361,  363,  437,  438,  451,  459, 

545,  546,  549- 


S82 


INDEX 


Luttrell,  contd. 
John  son  of  Sir  John,  114. 
John   (d.  1558),   133,  134,  409-413, 

420-422,  424,  456,  461,  462,  510. 
Sir  John  (d.    1551),   139-162,    165, 

166,  176,  286,  415,  548,   549,  558. 
John,  of  Mapperton  (d.  1588),  171, 

426,  530. 
John(d.  1593),  134- 
John  (b.  1592),  176. 
John,  Chancellor  of  the  University 

of  Oxford,  505. 
John,  505,  510,  511,  514,  515,  518- 

520,  527-529,  531- 
John  Fownes  (d.   1816),  223,  252, 

254,  258,  259,  262-271,  332,  335, 

418,  559- 

John  Fownes  (d.  1857),  268,  269, 
272,  273,  295. 

Captn.  John  Alex.  Fownes,  537. 

John  Leader  Fownes,  538. 

Louisa  wife  of  Col.  Francis  Fow- 
nes, 270. 

Louisa  daughter  of  Hugh  Courtenay 
Fownes,  275. 

Louisa  Frances  Fownes,  536. 

Lucy  wife  of  Sir  Alexander,  71. 

Lucy  wife  of  Francis,  201,  203, 
204,  550- 

Lucy  daughter  of  Sir  Robert,  505. 

Lucy  wife  of  Alexander  Fownes, 

534- 
Marcia  Fownes,  536. 
Margaret  daughter  of   Sir   Hugh, 

106. 
Margaret  wife  of  Sir  John,   loi, 

113-119,361,362,459,  546. 
Margaret  wife  of  Sir  Hugh,  132, 

169,  332,  364,  547,  548- 
Margaret  wife  of  Sir  Andrew,  134, 

135,  139H142,  152,  153,  157,  159, 

160,  162,  166,  171,  173,  411,  421, 

424,  547- 
Margaret  daughter  of  Sir  Andrew, 

141. 
Margaret  wife  of  Thomas,  167, 171, 

172,  425- 
Margaret  daughter  of  Thomas,  171, 

426. 
Margaret  daughter  of  George,  177. 
Margaret  wife  of  Alexander,  222, 

224,  226,  230,  551. 
Margaret  wife  of  Henry  Fownes, 

224-227,  230,  259,  261,  334,  340, 

374,  551- 

Margaret,  505,  511,  512,  514,517, 
531,  532. 

Margaret  daughter  of  Henry  Fow- 
nes, 260,  261. 

Margaretdaughter  of  John  Fownes, 
271. 


Margaret  Charlotte  wife  of  John 
Alexander  Fownes,  535,  537. 

Margaret  Jane  Fownes,  538. 

Margery  wife  of  Sir  Alexander, 
67,  68. 

Margery  daughter  of  Sir  Robert, 

505- 

Margery  daughter  of  Francis  Fow- 
nes, 270. 

Maria  wife  of  Hungerford,  529. 

Maria  P'ownes,  536. 

Martha  wife  of  Dr.  Edward,  528. 

Mary  wife  of  Sir  Alexander,  70,  72. 

Mary,  74. 

Mary  wife  of  Sir  John,  142,  162, 
166,  174. 

Mary  daughter  of  Sir  John,  162, 
165. 

Mary  daughter  of  Thomas,  171,426. 

Mary  daughter  of  George,  178. 

Mary  wife  of  Col.  Francis,  205, 
206,  210,  213,   215-219,  367,  368, 

371,  372,  374- 
Mary    daughter   of   Col.    Francis, 

213,  215. 
Mary  wife  of  Sir  Geoffrey,  509. 
Mary,  512,  514-518,  521,  524,  525, 

527,  529- 
Mary  wife  of  John  Fownes,  269, 

271. 
Mary  daughter  of  George  Fownes, 

275- 

Mary  daughter  of  Hugh  Courtenay 
Fownes,  275. 

Mary  Anne  daughter  of  Col.  Francis 
Fownes,  270. 

Mary  Anne  daughter  of  John  Fow- 
nes, 271. 

Mary  Ann  wife  of  Henry  Acland 
Fownes,  537. 

Mary  PYances  Fownes,  536. 

Matilda  Hungerford,  530. 

Michael,  540. 

Millicent,  513. 

Narcissus,  217,  521-525. 

Nicholas  son  of  Sir  Andrew,  141, 

513,  549- 
Nicholas,  514-518. 
Osbert,  59. 
Oscar,  528. 
Oriana,5i4. 

Pernel  wife  of  Sir  Andrew,  65. 
Philip,  512. 
Philippa,  511. 

Prudence,  512,  514,  515,  517. 
Rachael,  519,  520. 
Ralph  Paganel  Fownes,  275. 
Rebecca,  510,  515. 
Reginald  Fownes,  270. 
Richard,     Constable     of    Dunster 

Castle,  74,  119-121,  332. 


INDEX 


583 


Luttrell,  contd. 
Richard,  512,  515. 
Robert,  Canon  of  Salisbury,  66. 
Sir  Robert,  of  Irnham,  504,  505. 
Robert,  Chancellor  of  Ireland,  540. 
Robert,  505,  507,  520,  528,  540. 
Romola  Margaret  Fownes,  537. 
Rose  wife  of  John,  67. 
St.  John,  529. 
Sarah,  177,  178. 
Sarah  wife  of  Narcissus,  524. 
Silvestra  wife  of  George,  178,  179, 

333,  550. 
Simon,    Baron    Irnham,   Viscount 

and  Earl  of  Carhampton,  539,540. 
Southcote  (d.  1721),  202,  519-521, 

525- 
Southcote  (d.  1751),  225,  520,  521, 

527- 
Southcote    Hungerford,   225,   521, 

526,  527- 
Susan  daughter  of  George,  177. 
Susan,  511,  512,  532. 
Tasman,  529. 
Thomas,  of    East  Quantockshead 

(1359),  70-72. 
Thomas  ( d.  1571),  141, 165-172,  365, 

425,  452,  548,  549. 
Thomas  (d.1644),  176,  179, 180, 182- 

^M,  427,  550- 
Thomas  (  d.  1670),  203,  204. 
Thomas  (  b.  &  d.  1627),  184. 
Thomas,   505,   511,  512,  514,  516, 

5171  531-533- 
Col.  Thomas  Fownes,  260,  263,  264. 
Thomas  Fownes,  Vicar  of  Dunster, 

of  Minehead  and  of  Carhampton 

(d.  1871),  271,  339,418,419. 
Tregonwell,  215,  218,  219. 
Ursula,  171,  426. 
Walthean   wife  of  Sir  Hugh,  133, 

135,  136. 
William  son  of  Sir  Hugh,  87,  106. 
William,  Rector  of  Birch  Parva,  106. 
William,  515,  516,  528. 
William  Fownes,  559. 
Wilmot,  512,  516. 
Wilmot  Hungerford,  527. 
Wilmot  Southcote  Hungerford, 529. 
arms  of,  94,  140,  164,  178,  180,  228, 

368,  374,  426,  432,  507,  513,  540- 

551- 
Luttrell  and  Eld  Charity,  340. 
Luttrell  Psalter,  128,  506,  542. 
Luttrellstown  (Dublin),  539,  540. 
Luxborough,  9,  20, 172,  303,  348.     Sec 

also  Kersham  ;  Sandhill. 
Luzerne,  Abbey  of  la  (Normandy),  13. 
Lydeard,  9.     See  also  SindercomiDC. 
Lyme  (Dorset),  205,  370. 
Lyme  Grove  (Surrey).     See  Wood. 


Lynch  in  Dunster,  410. 
Lyncroft  in  Dunster,  366. 
Lynde,  Alexander  and  Diana,  178. 
Lyons  (Normandy),  10,  15. 
Lyons  (Lyonnois),  22,  25. 
Lyte,  Jane  daughter  of  Thomas,  531, 
550. 

Thomas  and  Elizabeth,  476. 

arms  of,  502,  550. 
Lytescary  in  Charlton  Makerel,  502, 

550. 
Lythe  (Scotland).     Sec  Leith. 


M 


Macclesfield    (Chester),   manor    and 

hundred,  54. 
Macclesfield,  Earl  of,  263,  493. 
Maddock,   Samuel  and  Isabella,  and 

Anne  their  daughter,  227,  487. 
Madras.     See  Pitt. 
Magor  (Monmouth),  33. 
Maine,  Alexander  and  Joan,  496. 
Mainwaring,   Charlotte   daughter   of 
James,  493. 

Roger,  Bishop  of  St.  Davids,  180. 
Maisons  (Normandy),  16. 
Malet,  Sir  Baldwin,  72,  86,  ui. 

Baldwin,  206. 

Dame  Joan,  m,  116. 

Sir  John,  in. 

Richard  and  Elizabeth,  141. 

Thomas  and  Elizabeth,  127,  129. 
Mandeville  Geoffrey  de,  29. 

Robert  de,  70. 

William  de,  Earl  of  Essex,  29,  30. 

family,  70. 
Mangerton  (Dorset),  472. 
Mantelpieces,  333,  358. 
Mapledurham  (Sussex).      See  Shelley 
Mapovvder,    Catherine  daughter    of 

Narcissus,  521. 
Mapperton  (Dorset),    171,   530.      See 

also  Broadrepp  ;  Morgan. 
March,  Countess  of,  80. 
Mariansleigh  (Devon),  20. 
Maritz, Helena  daughter  of  Stephanus, 

270. 
Mark,  Philip,  61. 
Markham,  John,  judge,  86. 
Marlborough  (Wilts),  535. 
Marlborough,  Duke  of,  375,  376,  492. 
Marmion  family,  2. 
Marriage,   117,    135,    167,   168.      See 

also  Divorce. 
Marsh  in  Dunster  and  Carhampton, 
96,  97,  172,  229,  269,  282, 283, 332, 

347,  4i»,  456,  467- 
bridge,  329,  348. 
coiu-t  and  grange,  316. 


584 


INDEX 


Marsh,  contd. 

East,  459,  467. 

Higher,  329. 

Lower,  460,  464-467. 

Place,  329,  460. 

Street,  329. 

See  also  Fauntleroy;  Loty;  Ryvers; 
Poyntz ;  Stewkley. 
Marsh,  Agnes  of,  458. 

John,  238. 
Marshals,  Earls  of  Pembroke,  32. 
Marshwaterlete  in  Carhampton,  317. 
Marshwood  in  Carhampton,  41,  48, 
98,  no,  117,  170,   175,  179,  i«5. 
186,  202,  203,  332,  333,  342,  345, 
346,511.550. 

Park,  125,  160,  202,  313,  324,  343, 
344,  388,  392. 
Marshwood,  Wymarca  of,  314. 
Martin,  Samuel,  240. 

Edmund  and  Jouette,  446. 

Eleanor    and    Joan    daughters    of 
William,  446. 

Sir  William  and  Eleanor,  36,  444- 
446,  500. 

William  and  Margaret,  445,  446. 

arms  of,  500. 
Martock,  72. 
Marwood  (Devon),  452. 
Marys,  John,  builder,  397,  398. 
Massey,  Major  General,  191. 
Mathu,  John,  no. 
Matthews,  Samuel,  293. 
Maud,  the  Empress,  5,  9. 
Maulay,  Peter  de,  18. 
Mede,  Michael  atte,  50. 
Medyet  (Minehead  ?),  412. 
Meerhay     See  Hillary. 
Menheniot  (Cornwall).   See  Trelawny. 
Melbourne  (Australia),  528. 
Mells,  444.     See  also  Downhead. 
Mercer,  Joan,  520. 
Merchaunt,  John,  99. 

Thomas,  m. 
Merewether,  H.  527. 
Meriet,  Sir  John  and  Mary  de,  34. 
Merssh.     Sec  Marsh. 
Mersswode.     See  Marshwood. 
Meschine,  William  le.  Earl  of  Cam- 
bridge, 63. 
Mettcombe  (Devon).     See  Poyntz. 
Mevagissey  (Cornwall),  487. 
Milbourne  St.  Andrew  (Dorset).     See 

Pleydell. 
Milbourne,  Simon,  122. 
Mildenhall  (Wilts),  32-34. 
Militia,  Commissioners  of,  196,  198. 
Milledar  (Cornwall).     See  Rosuggan. 
Milton  Abbas  (Dorset),  215,  217,  218, 
374.     Sec  also  Bancks  ;  Tregon- 
well. 


Milton  Falconbridge,  manor,  71. 
Milton,  South  (Devon),  34. 
Milward,  Mr.  254. 

John,  451. 
Milverton,  519. 

Minehead,  35,  44,  57,  81-83,  90-93, 
97,  112,  167,  180,  181,  194,  230, 
232,  233,  241,  245,  252,  256,  257, 
264,  274,  294,  296,  320,  323,  329, 
330,  336,  339,  342,  382,  413,  443, 
448,  453,  534- 
borough  of,  169,  174,  229,  230,  244, 

246,  252,  267,  268,  294. 
Bowling  Green  Club,  244. 
Church,  12,  221. 
Churchwardens'  accounts,  187. 
courts  held  at,  254,  452,  456. 
Cross,  249. 
gallows  at,  297. 

Harbour,  port  and  quay,  89,  132, 
140,  169,  174,  176,  180,  182,  220, 

234,  247,  251,  543- 
Hundred  of,  4,  388,  456. 
Lane,  415. 
Manor  of,  4,  21,  36,  47,  48,  50,  52, 

53,  77,  84,  95,  96,  105,  119,  124, 

126,  130,  153,  166,  202,  228,  316, 

317,  322,415. 
Market-place,  249,  254,  258. 
Mill,  12,  328. 
Park,  159,  343,  344. 
Parliamentary    elections    at,    169, 

179,  184,  217,  220,  222,  230-233, 

530. 

(1747),  234-236. 

(1754),  236-241. 

(1761),  242. 

(1768),  245-251. 

(1774),  251-257- 

(1780),  257-259. 

(1783),  262. 

(1784,  1790,  1796),  263. 

(1802),  264-267. 

(1806),  267. 

(1807,  1812),  268. 

disfranchisement,  272,  457. 
Plume  of  Feathers  Inn,   234,   241, 

244,  252,  255,  264,  267. 
reeve  of,  89,  112,  320. 
ships  of,  81. 

Lord  Stawell's  estate  at,  418. 
tithes  of,  383-385,  412. 
Vicarage  of,  20. 
Vicars  of,  no.     See  also  Herring  ; 

Luttrell,      Alexander      Fownes, 

Alexander  Henry  Fownes,  Tho- 
mas Fownes. 
Vice-Admiralty  of,  132,  220. 
Vineyani  at,  325. 
Warren  at,  280. 
Whitehouse,  the,  at,  415. 


INDEX 


58s 


Minehead,  contd. 
Slx  also  Blackford  ;  Bratton  ;  Clan- 

ville  ;  Cox  ;   Foughler  ;  Gieena- 

leigh  ;  Hayman  ;  Kyng  ;  North- 
ridge  ;  Myne. 
Mohun,   Ada  wife  of  Sir  John,   39, 

41,  42,  390. 
Adehza  wife  of  William,  5,  383. 
Agnes  wife  of  William,  7-9. 
Agnes,  daughter  of  William,  11. 
Agnes,  495,  496. 

Alice  wife  of  Reynold,  17,  18,  22. 
Alice  daughter  of  Sir  Reynold,  32. 
Alice,  496. 
Andrew,  471,  497. 
Anne,  473,  474,  481,  483,  494,  496. 
Arnald,  497. 
Arundel,  483. 
Baldwin,  parson   of  Brinkley  and 

of  Luppit,  17. 
Baldwin,  parson  of  Whichford  and 

of  Fordingbridge,  40. 
Beatrice  wife  of  Sir   William,  of 

Ottery,  33,  34. 
Bridget,  483,  484. 
Catherine,  474,  476,  487,  488. 
Charles,  third  Lord  Mohun,  487- 

489. 
Charles,  fourth  Lord  Mohun,  489- 

494. 
Charles,  487,  496. 
Charlotte  wife  of  Charle>,  fourth 

Lord  Mohun,  493. 
Christian  wife  of  Sir  John,  39,  43, 

432. 
Christine,  472. 
Churchill,  474. 
Cordelia  wife  of  John,  first  Lord 

Mohun,  486. 
Cordelia,  487. 
Delia,  494. 
Denise,  496. 

Dorothy,  476,  484,  494,  496. 
Durand,  5,  385,  556. 
Edith,  475,  483. 
Edmund,  482,  495. 
Edward,  496. 
Eleanor  daughter  of  Sir  William, 

of  Ottery,  33,  556. 
Eleanor   wife  of  Sir  John,  36,  389, 

444,  500. 
Eleanor  daughter  of  Sir  John,  42. 
Eleanor,  474,  496. 
Elizabeth   daughter    of   Sir   John, 

the  fourth,  39. 
Elizabeth   daughter    of   Sir   John, 

thefifth,  51,57,  83. 
Elizabeth,  474-477,  479,  480,  483, 

484,  489,  493-49A. 
Ellis,  496. 
Ferdinand,  484. 


Florence,  481. 

Frances,  496. 

F^rancis,  475,  476. 

Geoffrey  son  of  William,  5,  383. 

Geoffrey,  of  Ham   Mohun,  11,  469. 

Geoffrey,  497. 

George,  474,  484. 

Gilbert  Maximilian,  476. 

Godeheut,   or  Godehold,    wife   of 

William,   10,  13,  15,  470. 
Grace,  496. 

Havvis  wife  of  Sir  Reynold,  29,  30. 
Hawis  wife  of  John,  of  Ham  Mohun, 

471- 
Henry  son  of  William,  9. 
Henry,  16. 
Hervey,  41,  42. 
Honor,  483. 
Hugh,  482. 

Isabel  wife  of  Sir  Reynold,  32. 
Isabel  daughter  of  Sir  Reynold,  34. 
Isabel,  479,  480,  482,  487,  497,  560. 
Ivan,  9. 
James,    parson   of    Walkhampton 

and  of  Brompton,  34. 
James,  487. 
Jane,  482,  483. 
Joan  wife  of  John,  31. 
Joan  wife  of  Sir  John,  24,  41,  44, 

46-50,  52-58,  80,  84,  86,  104,  284, 

295,  313,  317,  325,  343,  44f^,  479, 

556,  557- 
Joan,  479,  480,  482,  496,  560. 
John  son  of  Sir   Reynold,   30-32, 

279,  352. 

Sir  John,  the  second,  31,  33,  35,36, 

280,  292,  389,  390,  444,  471. 

Sir  John,  the  third  (d.  1330),  36-38, 

42,  43,  281-283,  295,  326,   445, 

472,  495,  500-502. 
Sir  John,  the  fourth,  39,  501. 
Sir  John,  the  fifth  ( d.  1375),  39,  40, 

42-49,  51-53,  56,  86,    104,   391, 

392,  501,  556. 
John,  of  Ham  Mohun,  ii,  38,  469, 

470. 
Sir  John,  of  Porlock,  40. 
John,  first  Lord  Mohun,   485-487. 
John,   472-474,  479-482,   484-487, 

494-497,  499,  500,  556,  560. 
Judith,  477,  502. 

Juliana  wife  of  William,  17,  556. 
Juliana  daughter  of  Sir  Reynold,  32. 
Laurence,  42,  502. 
Lucy  wife  of  William,  14,  18. 
Lucy  daughter  of  Sir  Reynold,  32. 
Margaret  daughter  of  William,  34. 
Margaret  daughter  of  Sir  John,  39. 
Margaret,  473,  474,  485,  497. 
Mary  daughter  of  Sir  William,  34. 
Mary,  474,475,483,  484. 


W 


586 


INDEX 


Mohun,  contd. 

Matthia  wife  of  John,  of  Ham  Mo- 
hun, 471. 
Maud  daughter  of  Sir  John,  52,  57. 
Maud  wife  of  Andrew,  of  Brinkley, 

471- 

Maximilian,  473-475)  502. 

MeUora,  473. 

Nathaniel,  483. 

Nicholas,  parson  of  Ham  Mohun, 
471. 

Nicholas,  497. 

Patrick,  41,45. 

Payn,  41,  45. 

Penelope,  485. 

Peter  son  of  William,  9. 

Peter,  496. 

Philadelphia,  487. 

Philip,  483- 

Philippa  daughter  of  Sir  John,  51, 
57.     See  also  York. 

Philippa  wife  of  Sir  Reynold,  484. 

Philippa  daughter  of  John,  first  Ba- 
ron, 487. 

Philippa  wife  of  Charles,  third  Ba- 
ron, 488,  489,  493. 

Ralph  son  of  William,  9,  384. 

Ralph  son  of  William  son  of  Dur- 
and,  5,  556. 

Reynold  (  d".  1213),  14-17,  469,  470. 

Sir  Reynold,  wrongly  styled  Earl 
of  Somerset  ( d.  1258),  17-32,  49, 
277,  278,  280,  281,  330,  350-352, 
356,  3«7-389, 435,  47o,  498,  499- 

Reynold  son  of  Sir  William,  33. 

Sir  Reynold,  of  Ugborough  (1344), 
41,  477-480,  502. 

Reynold,  of  Boconnoc  (d.  1567), 
482. 

Sir  Reynold,  of  Boconnoc  ( d.  1639), 

24,  483-485- 
Reynold,  482-485,  496,  560. 
Richard  son  of  William,  9,  14. 
Richard  son  of  Reynold,  17. 
Richard,  472,  496,  497. 
Robert  son  of  William,  5,383. 
Robert  son  of  William,  the  third, 

II. 
Robert  son  of  John,  31,  35. 
Sir  Robert,  of  Porlock,  38,  39,  41, 

472. 
Robert,  472-476,  495,  497. 
Roger,  482. 
Sarah,  476,  477. 
Sibella  wife  of  William,  495. 
Sibyl  wife  of  Sir  John,  42-44. 
Sibyl  wife  of  John,  of  Ham  Mohun, 

471- 
Theophila,  487. 
Thomas  son  of  William,  parson  of 

Moyon,  11,  12. 


Thomas,  476,  478-480,  483,  495- 
497,  560. 

Thomasine,  474. 

Warwick,  second  Baron,  487. 

Warwick,  494. 

William,  the  first,  1-5,  49,  276,  324, 
326,  349,  383-386,  391,  434,  443, 
455.  469- 

William,  the  second.  Earl  of  So- 
merset, 5,  7-9,  350,  384. 

^V'illiam,  the  third  (d.  1176),  9,  10, 
385,  388. 

William,  the  fourth  (d.  1193),  11- 
14,  386,  434,  469. 

William  son  of  William  the  fourth, 

14- 
William  son  of  Reynold  (d.  1265), 

17,  20-22, 499,  556. 
Sir  William    son   of   Sir   Reynold 

(  d.  1282),  33,  499. 
William,  470,  471,    475,  480,  482- 

484,  494-497,  560. 
Wilraund,  5,  383. 

Yolenta  daughter  of  William,  556. 
arms  of,  24,  25,  29,  55,  58,  498-503. 
barony,  37,  38,  45,  52. 
barony  of  Okehampton,  485,  486, 

493- 

monk  of,  at  Cleeve,  557. 
Molland  (Devon).     See  Courtenay. 
Monk,    Elizabeth   daughter    of    An- 
thony, 515. 
Monmouth,  Duke  of,  205. 
Montacute,  349. 

Montacute,  William  de.  Earl  of  Salis- 
bury, and  Elizabeth,  51,  56,  57,83. 

arms  of,  55. 
Montchaton  (France),  13. 
Montfichet  family,  2. 
Montfort,  Alexander,  72. 
Moore,  William  and  Frances,  496. 
Mordaunt,  Charles  and  Elizabeth,  494. 
Morgan,  Anne  relict  of  Christopher, 
530. 

John,  parker,  400. 

Mary  daughter  of  Richard,  475. 

William,  298. 
Morocco  (Africa),  161. 
Morris,  Mr.  240. 
Mortain,  Count  of,  59,  349. 

John,  Count  of,  11,  469. 
Mortimer,  Roger,  477. 

family,  73. 
Morval  (Cornwall).     See  Coode. 
Morys,  Walter,  284. 
Mottisfont  Priory  (Hants),  20. 
Moulton  manor  (Suffolk),  77. 
Mourning  rings,  224. 
Mount  Edgcumbe  (Devon).   See  Edg- 

cumbe. 
Mountfort,  William,  actor,  490. 


INDEX 


587 


Mountstephen,  John,  innkeeper,  334. 
Moyon  (Normandy),  i,  12,  13,  16,  503. 

Church  of,  11. 

Honour  of,  14. 
Moyon,   Henry   de,    16.   Wilhain  de 

{1266),  16. 
Moysey,  Abel  and  Anne,  536. 

Charles  Abel,  Archdeacon  of  Bath, 
and  Charlotte,  536. 
Mugford,  John  and  Jane,  517. 
Mulgrave  Hall  (York).     See  Fhipps. 
Muntchenesy,  Agnes  of,  63. 
Murray,  Captn.  Alexander,  527. 
Musgrave,  George,  269. 
Myne,  in  Minehead,  258,  531. 
Myryman,  John,  358. 


N 


Napoleon,  the  Emperor,  269. 
Natal  (Africa),  270.    Sec  also  Maritz. 
Nethway   in   Brixham  (Devon),  232, 
235,    236,    246,    382.      See   also 
Fownes. 
Nettlecombe.     Sec  Trevelyan. 
Court,  portraits  at,  223,  224. 
Newcastle  (Northumberland),  145. 
Newcastle,  Duke  of,  239,  240,  244. 
Neweleyghton,  la,  in  East  Quantocks- 

head,  71. 
Newenham "Abbey   (Devon),    17,   20, 
23-28,31,33,42,501. 
Abbot  of,  2,  17,  22,  24,  25,  27.     See 

also  Hou. 
registers  of,  480,  498-500. 
Newmarch,  Henry  and  Frethesant  of, 

61,  63. 
Newport  Pagnell  (Buckingham),  62. 
New  South  Wales  (Australia),  528. 
Newton.     See  BicknoUer. 
Newton,  John  and  Isabel,  438. 
'New  Year's  Gift'   at   Westminster 

School,  532. 
Nicolls,  John  and  Isabel,  of  Penvoyce, 

482. 
Nicholls,   John   and  Bridget,  of  Tre- 

wane,  484. 
Nivveton.     See  BicknoUer. 
Nonsuch  (Surrey),  162. 
Norfolk,  Duke  of,  419- 
Normandy,  87,  89.  108,  543,  544,  558- 
Adela,  Duchess  of,  i 
Seneschals  of,  92,  95. 
North,   Lord,   Prime   Minister,    255, 

256. 
Northam,  Robert,  115. 
Northampton   (Northampton),   5,  60, 

125. 
Northcombe  in  Cutcombe,  385. 
Northcote,  William,  206,  219. 


Northleach  (Gloucester),  529. 
Northridge  in  Minehead,  531. 
Northumberland,  Earl  of,  123. 
Norton  (Cornwall),  I7- 
Norton  Fitzwarren,  202. 
Norwich,  Bishop  of.   See  Ayreminne. 
Noryse,  Joan,  nurse,  115. 
Nostell  Priory  (York),  65. 
Nova  Scotia  (America),  526. 
Nywecomesone,  WilHam  le,  287. 


O 


Oaktrow  in  Cutcombe.    See  Pyrou. 
Oare,  296,  553. 

Obits,  139,  403-  , 

O'Brien,  Percy  Wyndham  (Earl   of 

Thomond),    232-237,    242,    245, 

246,  248. 
Odeland,  John,  loi. 
Offerings  in  church,  105,  403,  405. 

Ogis,  383,  384-        r.       ,     r>      . 
Okehampton,  486.  See  also  Courtenay. 
Old  Court  in  Carhampton,  317. 
Olditch  in  Thorncombe  (Devon),  30. 
Oldley,  John,  304. 
Oke  House  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Opie,  John,  painter,  261,  271. 
Opy,  Philippa,  511. 
Robert,  365,  511. 
Orange,  William,  Prince  of,  206. 
Orchard.  See  Wyndham. 
Orchard,  John  and  Alice,  289. 
Paul  and  Mary,  518. 
Paul,  518. 
Ordnance,  Committee  of,  196. 
Osbern,  Ralph  son  of,  384. 

John,  Constable  of  Dunster,  24,  29, 

30,47,49,296,297. 
William,     Constable     of    Dunster, 
afterwards  steward,  281,  282. 
Ostend  (Belgium),  269. 
Otterhampton.  See  Everard. 
Otterv,     Oltery     Fleming,     Ottery 
Mohun  (Devon),  i,  19,  21,  29-31, 
33.  See  also  Carew. 
Owl  Knowle  (now)  in  Timberscombe, 

coins  found  at,  170,  171 
Oxford  (Oxford),  27,  34,  60,  130,  186, 
189,  194,  474- 
the  Crown  tavern  at,  219. 
the  Star  at,  222. 
University  of,  523. 

'  Caution  monev  '  at,  222. 
Chancellor  of.  See  Luttrell,  John. 
Ashmolean  Museum,  380. 
All  Souls  College,  533. 
Balliol  College,  533. 
Brasenose  College,  273. 
Broadgates  Hall,  514. 


S88 


INDEX 


Oxford,  contd. 

Christ  Church,  204,  218,  219,  222, 
269,  270,  273,  535. 

Exeter  College,  271,  452,  484,  485, 
494,  516,  521,531,  537. 

Hart  Hall,  476. 

Lincoln  College,  176,  179,  184. 

Magdalen  College,  275. 

Oriel  College,  270,  272. 

Pembroke  College,  204. 

Queen's  College,  227,  262,  535. 

St.  Alban  Hall,  473,  537. 

Trinity  College,  453. 
Oxford,  Bishop  of.  See  Fell. 
Oxford,  Earl  and   Countess   of.  See 

Vere. 
Oyly,  Maud  daughter  of  Henry  d',  63. 


Pacchehole,  Thomas,  carpenter,  303, 

357-359- 
Paisley  (Scotland),  Abbot  of,  149. 
Palestine.  See  Holy  Land. 
Palmer,  Thomas,  antiquary,  70,  74, 
158. 

Sir  Thomas,  147. 
Palton,  Joan  daughter  of  Sir  John,  71. 

Sir  John,  71,  72. 

Sir  Thomas,  72. 

Sir  William,  no,  11 1. 
Panmure  (Scotland),  the  laird  of,  151. 
Paramatta  (New  South  Wales),  528. 
Paris  (France),  164,  493. 
Parker,  George,  Viscount,  263. 
Parlebienshay  in  Dunster,  298. 
Parliament,  the  '  merciless  ',  449. 
Parliament,  summonses  to,  37,  38,  45, 

505,  506. 
Parnham  (Dorset).  See  Strode. 
Parry,  Sir  Thomas,  171.  * 

Partridges,  343. 
Paschal  candle,  394,  395. 
Patteson  John,  265,  266. 
Paulet,  Captn.  182. 
Paunsefote,    Walter,     escheator     in 

Somerset,  114. 
Pawlet  manor,  64,  71. 

the  lady  of,  82. 
Payne,  Mr.  234. 
Payneil,  Adam,  63. 

Alexander  and  Agnes,  63. 

Alice  daughter  of  William,  63. 

Ellis,  Prior  of  Holy  Trinity,  York, 

63. 
Frethesant  daughter   of  William, 

61,  63. 
Jordan  and  Gertrude,  63. 
Isabel  daughter  of  William,  61,  63. 
Jordan  and  Agnes,  63. 
Ralph  and  Maud,  62,  63. 


Richard,  63. 

William,  of  Bampton,  17. 

William,  63,  65. 

William  and  Avice,  63. 

family  and  estate,  2,  61-64. 
Paynter,  John,  400. 
Peas,  green,  at  Christmas,  82. 
Pekin  (China),  538. 
Pelham,  Mr.,  234. 
Pembroke,  '  Earl '  of,  80,  81. 

Marshals,  Earls  of,  32. 

See  Herbert. 
Penang  (Malay),  270. 
Pendennis  Castle  (Cornwall),  198. 
Penny,  Giles,  179. 
Penryn  (Cornwall).     See  Trefusis. 
Penvoyce  (Cornwall).     See  Nicolls. 
Percare,  William,  chaplain,  115. 
Perceval  family,  272. 
Percies,  the  rising  of  the,  73. 
Percy,  Alexander  de,  384. 

Sir  Henry,  73. 
Perderiall,  William,  a   Breton   pris- 
oner, 90. 
Periam,  John,  230,  235,  236. 
Perle,  Walter  and  Hawis,  471. 
Perring,  John,  269. 
Pers,  Simon,  400,  401. 
Person,  William,  91,  327. 
Peterborough,  Lord,  240. 
Petherton,  North.     See  Sydenham. 
Petherton,  South.     See  Hele. 
Pewter,  215. 
Peyntore,  Walter,  121. 
Pheasants,  343. 
Phelips,  Edith  daughter  of  Richard, 

440. 
Phelp,  Walter,  304. 
Phelps,   Richard,   painter,  224,   227, 

260,  334,  428. 
Philip,  a  carpenter,  97. 

the  carter,  314. 
Philippes,  John,  400. 
Phipps,  Charles,  263. 
Picardy  (France),  558. 
Picot,  384. 

Pierrepont,  Humphrey  de,  384. 
Pigeons   117. 
Pilgrimages,  pilgrims,  13,  33,  76,  77, 

81,  105,  306,  508. 
Pilton  (Devon).     See  Punchard. 
Pinford  manor  (Devon),  30. 
Pinkie,  battle  of,  142. 
Pinto,  a  Portuguese  merchant,   137, 

138. 
Pipe,  the  clerk  of  the,  87. 
Piper's  Inn,  535. 
Pitt,  Meliora,  473. 

Thomas,  494. 

William,  statesman,  243,  244. 
Pixton  in  Dulverton,  224. 


INDEX 


589 


Plague,  the,  at  Dunster,  186. 
Plantagenet,  Arthur,  Viscount  Lisle, 

439- 
Plate,  silver  and  gilt,  93-95,  117,  129, 

130,  139,  141,  173,  200,  214,  217, 

226,  513. 
Plays,  82. 
Pleydell,  Edmund  Morton  and  Anne, 

221. 
Plugenet,  Alan,  35. 
Plumer,  Thomas  (Master  of  the  Rolls), 

264. 
Plymouth  (Devon),  206, 215,  544.     See 

also  Maddock  ;  Stucley. 
Plympton,  Robert  of,  42. 
Poachers,  175,  343. 
Pointer.     See  Kedley. 
Poitou  (France),  60,  62. 
Pole,  Admiral  Charles  Morice,  263, 

264. 
Pollard,  Roger,  277. 
Polmangan  (Cornwall),  487. 
Polrode  (Cornwall),  485. 
Poltimore  (Devon).     See  Bampfield. 
Pommeraie,  Gislain  and  Joan  de  la, 

16. 
Ponyngys  (Poynings),  Sir  Robert,  91. 
Poole  (Dorset),  90-93.   See  also  Knyte; 

Stocker. 
Poole,  Dr.  330. 
Mary  Ann  daughter  of  Joseph  Rus- 

combe,  537. 
Poore,  Robert,  292. 
Pope,  Richard,  397. 
Popham,  Alexander,  184. 
Jane  daughter  of  Sir  Francis,  179, 

184. 
Richard,  74,  79,  84. 
Thomas,  72,  74. 

family  and  arms,  179,  201,  426, 550. 
Popper's  Cross  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Porlock,  39,  40,  294,  456,  472,  533. 

Sec  also  Phelps  ;  Sparkhayes. 
Sir-  Roges  of,  279. 
Porpoises,  97. 
Port,  Henry  de,  383. 
Portishead,  475.    See  also  Morgan. 
Portland,  Duke  of,  268. 
Portman,  Viscount,  273. 
Portman,  John,  287. 

Walter,  iii,  114,  116. 
Portsmouth  (Hants),  91,  161,  206,529. 
Portugal,  88,  137,  375. 
Potheridge  (Devon).     See  Monk. 
Pottesham.     See  Putsham. 
Poughill  (Devon).     See  Pyncombe. 
Poulett,  Earl,  492. 
Poundesford  Park,  131. 
Powderham  (Devon),  120,     See  also 

Courtenay. 
Powell,  Andrew,  246. 


Powis,  Lord,  240. 
Pownall,  Thomas,  256,  257. 
Poyntz,  Clement,  464. 

Edward  and  Margaret,  463,  464. 

Elizabeth  relict  of  Richard,  463. 

Giles,  Agnes,  and  Prudence,  291, 

463,  464- 
Giles,  son  of  Edward,  son  of  John, 
son  of   Edward,  and   Anne   his 
wife,  464-466. 
Giles,  son  of  Giles  and  Anne,  290, 

466. 
John,  228,  291,  466,  467. 
Robert,  463. 

family  residence  and  estate,  348, 
465.     See  also  Marsh,  Lower. 
Practice  oj  Piety,  the,  179. 
Prater,  George,  206. 
Pratt,  Charles  (Lord  Camden),  241. 
Prayer,  Book  of  Common,  423,   427, 

432. 
Prestelonde  in  Dunster  or  Carhamp- 
ton, 314. 
Price,  Mr.  234. 

Prideaux,  Elizabeth  daughter  of  Ni- 
cholas, 200. 
Prigg,  Henry,  of  Exeter,  201. 
Processions,  346-348,  404. 
Provisions,  95-97,  147,  148,  150. 
Prowse,   Elizabeth,   relict  of  James, 

495- 

Mrs.  237. 

Thomas,  290. 

Thomas  and  Jane,  532. 

William,  185. 
Pryer,  Roger,  277. 
Prynne,  William,  antiquary,  97,  198, 

200,  367. 
Puinz,  Nicholas,  14. 
Punchard,   Mary   daughter  of  John, 

515- 
Pury,  Thomas,  100. 
Puryhay  in  Dunster,  343. 
Pusiinch  (Devon),  497,  560. 
Putney  Hill  (Surrey).     See  Leader. 
Putsham,  98,  302. 
Putte,  Gilbert  de  la,  281,  282,  445. 

Robert  de  la,  280. 
Pym,  Charles,  202. 

John,  202. 
Pyn,  Thomas  du,  35. 
Pyncombe,  Amy  daughter  of  John, 

520. 
Pyncombe  Charity,  the,  418. 
Pyne,  Lewis  and  Catherine,  177. 
Pynsonn,  William,  396,  397. 
Pyrou,  Pero,  Gilbert  de,  445. 
'Hugh,  336. 

William,  280. 


590 


INDEX 


Q 


Quantockshead,  East,  62-73,  75)  79. 
105,  119,  124,  126,  130,  132-136, 
138,  140-142,  162,  166,  172,  173, 
177-179,  202,  274,  296,  509,  511, 
514,  534,  541,  548. 
Church  and  Rectory,  66,  69,  72,  73, 
75,  105,  119,  126,  139,  140,  168, 

547- 
home  farm,  318. 
Manor-house,  132,  136,  138,    175, 

178,  179,  185,  186,  550. 
Park,  136,  160,  174,  179,  202,  344. 
Richard,  Rector  of,  79. 
Rectors  of.  Sec  Luttrell,  Alexander 

Fownes. 
reeve  of,  100,  117. 
Question,  John,  surgeon,  195. 

Dr.  246. 
Quircke,  Robert,  336. 


R 


Rack  Close  in  Dunster,  301. 
Radipole  (Dorset),  519. 
Radlet,  124,  166. 
Raith  (Scotland).  See  Ferguson. 
Raleigh,    Elizabeth  daughter  of   Sir 
Warin  de,  69. 

Sir  Simon  de,  279. 

Sir  Warin  de,  67,  69. 

Sir  Wymond  de,  22. 
Ralph,  tenant  of  Avill,  434. 
Ramsgate  (Kent),  269. 
Rancliffe,  Lord,  267. 
Reading  (Berks),  535. 
Reason,  Hugh,  525,  526. 
Recusants,  165,  177. 
Rede,  John,  90. 
Redlinch,  10. 
Reeve,  office  of,  319,  320. 
'  Reeve 's  Ale  ',  278. 
Reghmede,  la,   in   East  Quantocks- 
head, 71. 
Regiments  : — 

Footguards,  525. 

Grenadier  Guards,  26,  275. 

Lambert's,  192. 

Luttrell's,  206. 

Marines,  219,  526. 

Rifle  Brigade,  275,  537. 

Royal  Horseguards  Blue,  260. 

Skippon's,  193. 

19th  Foot,  206. 

31st  Foot,  219. 

45th  Foot,  526. 

49th  Foot,  260. 

89th  Foot,  260. 
Regni,  Sir  John  de,  277. 


'  Regraters  ',  305,  307. 

Reskimer,  Anne  daughter  of  William, 
483. 

Retford  (Nottingham),  497. 

Revels,  162,  180. 

Reynell,  George  and  Amy,  184,  203, 
204. 

Reynolds,  Elizabeth,  510. 
Sir  Joshua,  portrait  by,  260. 

Rhinegrave,  the,  151,  152. 

Rhuddlan  (Flint),  33. 

Richard,  King  of  Almain,  35. 

Richard,  Robert  son  of,  384. 

Richards,  Rice,  320. 

Ridley.    See  Kedley. 

Rixen,  124,  126. 

Robert,  keeper  of  the  horses,  82,  100. 
the  Hunter,  277. 
priest  of  Alexander  Hody,  121. 

Roberts,  Mr.  258. 

Robinson,  John,  politician,  256. 
Major  William,   Governor  of  Dun- 
ster Castle,  195,  197,  199. 

Roche  Abbey  (York),  65. 

Rochester  Castle  (Kent),  349. 

Rockhead  in  Dunster,  339. 

Rodbourne  (Wilts),  527. 

Rodes,  Ralph  de,  61. 

Rodhuish   in    Carhampton,   now    in 
Withycombe,  48,   166,  202,  343, 

348,  531- 

tithing-man  of,  313. 

Uphill  in,  269. 
Rogers,  Mary,  517. 

Sir  Richard  and  Cecily,  549. 

Richard,  141. 

arms  of,  549. 
Roger's  house  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Roges,  Elizabeth  daughter  of  Simon 

de,  39- 

son  of  Simon,  277. 
Rondevin,  Hugh,  277. 
Rooke,  Sir  George  and  Mary,  215. 
Roos,  Lord,  84. 
Roper,  Robert,  441. 
Roscarrock,   Charles  and   Margaret, 

485- 
Rosuggan,  John  and  Joan,  482. 
Rouen  (France),  siege  of,  543. 
Rouston  (Lincoln),  497. 
Rowe,  Prudence  daughter  of  George, 

464. 
Robert,  465. 
Royal  Oak,  proposed  Order  of  the, 

201. 
Royton  (Lancaster),  67. 
Rughe,  Walter,  327. 
Ruishton,  93. 
Rumilly,  Avice  de,  63. 
Russell,  Lord  John,  272. 
Mr.  258. 


INDEX. 


591 


Russell,  contd. 

William,  82,  100. 
Ryce,  Mary  daughter  of  Sir  Gnfhth, 
142,  162. 

John,  Vicar  of  Dunster,  414. 

arms  of,  164. 
Kyvers,  John,  458,  459. 

Robert,  116,  117,  458,  459- 


Sabian,  384- 

St.  Albans  (Hertford),  122,  127,  522. 

St.  Albyn,  Aubyn,  Joan,  479- 

Mr.  339- 

John,  232. 

Lancelot,  226. 
St.  Aniand,  Amaury  de,  36. 
St.  Audries,  534- 
St.  Buryan  (Cornwall),  326. 
St.  David's,  Bishop  of,  84,  85.  See  also 

Mainwaring. 
St.  Decumans,  442. 
St.  Ewe  (Cornwall),  494. 
St.  Inglevert  near  Calais,  78. 
St.  Ives,  (Cornwall),    Rector  of.  See 

Castro. 
St.  John,  Edward,  116. 

Henrv,  4i7-  ,     , 

St.  John   of  Jerusalem,    Hospital  of, 

507,  541. 
St.  Leger,   Arthur,    (Viscount   Done- 

raile)  and  Elizabeth,  494. 
Ste.  Mere  Eglise,  William  de,  13,  14- 
St.  Pinnock  (Cornwall),  484. 
St.  Nicholas,  the  clerks  of,  mummers, 

83- 
St.  Nicholas,  Isle  of  Wight,  514. 
Salisbury,   cathedral    church   of,   41, 
470. 
Bishop  and  chapter  of,  470. 
Canon  of.  See  Luttrell,  Robert. 
Dean,  Precentor,  and  Succentor  of, 
388. 
Salisbury,     Elizabeth,    Countess    of, 

wifeofWilliam,  56,  57,  83. 
Saltash  (Cornwall),  522. 
Saltby  manor  (Lincoln),  508. 
Salter,  George,  336. 
Saltern   Lane  in   Carhampton,   342, 

347- 
Salt  Marsh  in  Dunster,  291,  292. 
Saltren,  Thomas  and  Margaret,  517. 
Salvin,  Anthony,  architect,  381,  382. 
Sampford  Arundel,  manor,  105. 
Sandhill  in  Withycombe,  269,  348. 
Sandwich,  Sir  Ralph  of ,  68. 
Santiago  (Spain),  pilgrimages  to,  33, 

77- 
Sarsden  House  (Oxford) .  Sec  Langston . 


Sartrye,  Thomas,  sacristan  of  Bruton, 

114. 
Saunton  in  Braunton,  82,  91-93.  105, 

141,514,519,520,525.527- 
Sauvey  Castle  (Leicester),  19. 
Savage,  James,  author,  70,  302,  331. 
Savage,  Lord,  486. 
Scamerdon,  gallows  at,  in  Dunster, 

297. 
Scherpe,  287. 
Scobell,  Mr.  491. 
Scolemayster,  John,  101. 
Lawrence,  303. 
Richard,  343. 
Scotland  and  Scots,  65,  69,  142-156 

166,  504,  530. 
Scrope,    Beatrice    daughter    of    Sir 

Geoffrey,  506,  508. 
Constance  daughter  of  Sir  Geoffrey, 

507- 
arms,  542. 
Scutt,  Gilbert,  390. 
Sedgemoor,  battle  of,  205. 
Seeman,  Enoch,  portraits  by,  223. 
Segrave,  Christian  daughter  of  John, 

39- 
Seine  river  (France),  558. 
Selwood  Forest,  10. 
Selworthy,  274,  442. 

Thomas  Denays,  parson  of,  343. 
Sempringham  Priory  (Lincoln),  66. 
Seymour,  Edward  (Duke  of  Somerset) 
and  Anne,   122,   123,   142,    145- 
148,  150-152,  439,  440- 
Seynsbury,  Reynold,  Margaret,  and 

Catherine,  326. 
Seynt  Jon.     See  St.  John. 
Shaftesbury,  92,  108.     See  also  Bien. 
Shaftesbury,  Earl  of,  523,  524. 
Shapwick,  22. 
Sheen  (Surrey),  54. 
Sheerness  (Kent),  218. 
Sheldon,  Eleanor  daughter  of  Ralph, 

475- 
Gilbert,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 

475- 
Shelley,  Henry  and  Mary,  165. 
Sheotemouth  in  Old  Cleeve,  296. 
Sheppard,  Jane,  526. 
Shepton  Mallet,  shambles  at,  332. 
Sherborne  (Dorset),    131,    180.     See 

also  Cooper. 
Sherborne,  John,  Lord,  417. 
Shereveton.     Sec  Shurton. 
Shervidge  in  Kilton,  4. 
Shiffner,  Henry,  236-252,  376. 
Ships  : — 

Collingwood,  537. 

Colossus,  529. 

Double  Rose,  143.  i45- 

Experiment,  528. 


592 


INDEX 


Ships,  contd. 

Governor  Macqnarie,  528. 

Herald,  529. 

Howell,  81. 

Impetiteux,  529. 

Leonard,  of  Dunster,  88. 

Mary  Hamborough,  146. 

Mediterranean,  529. 

Namnr,  529. 

Porpoise,  528. 

Sacre,  143. 

Sf.  Mar/c  Cog,  294. 

F/c/or>',  476. 

Will  oil  gliby,  143. 
Shilves  in  Carhampton,  348. 
Shobrooke  (Devon).     See  Cotton. 
Short,  John,  246. 
Shotover  (Oxford),  34. 
Shrewsbury,  Earl  of,  123. 
Shuckburgh,  Sir  Charles,  417. 
Shurton   in   Stoke   Courcy,    4,    295, 

296,  384,  386,  388,  391. 
Sindercombe,  Catherine  daughter  of 

Gregory,  532. 
Singleton,  Grace  daughter  of  Richard, 

496. 
Skibbercliff,  in  Carhampton,  342. 
Skillacre,  in  Dunster,  346,  412,  511. 
Skippon,  Major  Gen.  193. 
Skory,   Sir    Edmund  and    Silvestra, 

178,  179,  186. 
Skutt,  Margaret  daughter  of  Anthony, 

441. 
Skynner,  Thomas,  99. 
Slape,  440. 

Slowley,  Slaworthi,in  Luxborough,2o. 
Slug,  John,  98,  103. 
Smyth,  Cecily,  134. 

Sir  J.  H.  Greville,  273. 

Sir  James  and  Bridget,  484. 

Thomas,  358. 
Snell,  William,  335. 
Snuff,  210. 

Soldiers,  pay  of,  149,  151,  156. 
Soldon  (Devon).  See  Prideaux. 
Somer,  John,  a  friar,  107. 
Somerset,  54,  109,  122,  125,  130,  132, 

167,  363- 
County  Council,  339. 
Fencible  Infantry,  260. 
Militia,  180,  270. 
Sheriffsof,4,  7,73,  86,  no,  122,131, 

137,  170,  175.  179.  200,  237,  425, 

537- 

West,  Foxhounds,  270,  273. 
Somerset,  Duke  of.     See  Seymour. 

Earl  of,  14,  25. 

Mohun  Earldom  of,  7,  25,  26,  49. 
Somerton,  45,  236. 
Somery,  Margaret  de,  63,  64. 

Ralph  de,  63. 


Sir  Roger  de,  66. 
Southampton,  Hampton  (Hants),  87, 

90-93- 
Southcote,  Sir  Edward  and  Frances, 
519,  520. 

John  Henry  and  Margaret,  261. 

Mary  daughter  of  Sir  George,  484. 

family,  261. 
Southwark  (Surrey),  559. 
Spain,  269,  375. 
Sparkhayes  in  Porlock,  456. 
Spaxton,i33,  512, 513.  Sa' a/so  Collard. 
Speccot,  Sir  John  and  Jane,  483. 
Speke  Col.  457 

George,  416,  457. 

Sir  George  and  Elizabeth,  141,457. 

John,  457. 
Spencer,  Earl,  275. 
Spencer,  Sir  Thomas,  204. 
Sper,  Spere,  John,  chaplain,  303. 

William,  338. 
Spices,  103. 
Spinnage  and  Crompton,  decorators, 

376. 
Sport,  132,  250. 
Spurrier,  Caleb,  342. 
Squibb,  Elizabeth,  476. 
Stable  accounts,  98,  99. 
Stafford,  Edmund,  Bishop  of  Exeter, 

77- 
Humphrey,  Earl  of  Stafford,  Duke 

of  Buckingham,  118,  119 
Sir  Humphrey,  118. 
Joan,  438. 

John,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  118, 
119. 
Richard,  438. 
Stamford  (Lincoln),  chantry  at,  66. 
Stanhope,  Cordelia  daughter  of  Sir 

John,  486. 
Stanley  family,  8,  52. 
Stannaries  in  Devon  and  Cornwall, 

54.  485- 

Stanton  (Derbj')-  See  Sheldon. 

Stanton  Drew.  See  Skutt. 

Stanton,  Philip  and  Monour,  511. 

Stapleton,  Florence  Blanche  daughter 
of  the  Rev.   Henry  Elliot,  537. 

Star  Chamber,  the,  135,  175,  197, 
461,  462. 

Staunton,  Staunton  Downhead,  Staun- 
ton in  Dunsterdene,  Staunton 
Fry,  229,  230,  276,  385,  412,  436, 

443-454- 
Staverton  (Devon).  See  Rowe. 
Stawell,  Lord,  269,  417,  418. 

Lady,  417. 
Stawell,  George,  201. 

Sir  John,  181. 

Stewkley,  417. 


INDEX 


593 


Stentvvill  in  Cutcombe,  391. 
Stephen,  King,  5,  6,  9. 
Stephens,  John  and  Eleanor,  516. 
Steple  (Dorset),  475-  ,  ^^     , 

Stucley,  Anne  daughter  of  Charles, 
220. 
Sir  W.  Lewis,  518. 
Stewkley,  Elizabeth  relict  of  Hugh, 

425,  432. 

George  and  Jane,  122,  289. 
George  son  of  Hugh,  425. 
Hugh,  159,  172,  413-416,  424- 
Sir  Hugh,  291,  415,  430- 
Joan  daughter  of  Hugh,   172,  173, 

425- 
Margaret  daughter  of  Hugh,  425. 

Richard,  289. 

Sarah  daughter  of   Sir  Hugh,  418, 
Susan  daughter  of  Hugh,  172. 
family  and  arms,  176,269,  329,  417, 

426,  427,  429. 
tabular  pedigree  of,  417. 

Stocker,  Anthony  and  Margaret,  441. 
Anthony  and  Sarah,  442. 
Capel,  206. 
John  and  Edith,  440. 
John  and  Elizabeth,  440. 
John  and  Margaret,  440,  441. 
Col.  John,  321,  441. 
John,  442. 

William  and  Mary,  441,  442. 
Stockhey,  Sir  Robert  and  Elizabeth 

of,  40. 
Stockland,4,64,  71, 178,  383, 385,  386. 

See  also  Shurton. 
Stoford,  Thomas  and  Agnes,  496. 
Stogumber,  122,  126,  205,  442. 
Stoke  Courcy,  203,  296,  521.  See  also 

Marys  ;  Shurton. 
Stoke  Damarel  (Devon),  494. 
Stoke  Fleming   (Devon),  29,  30,  33. 

See  also  Southcote. 
Stoke,  John  of,  Canonof  Glasney,  478  . 
Stokes,     Matthia     daughter    of    Sir 

William,  471. 
Stone,  John,  bondman,  319. 
John,  mason,  361. 
Walter,  fisher,  304. 
William,  clothier,  103,  115. 
Stonehall  (Suffolk),  124,  167. 
Stoneley,  Oliver  of,  509. 
Stou,  287. 

Stoukedostre,  Alice,  287. 
Stourton,  Sir  John,  letter  from,  109, 

John,  no. 
Stoway,  Thomas,  290. 
Stowey,  Nether,  114,  222. 
Stowey  and  Jones,   surveyors,  334, 

377- 
Stradling,  Edward  and  Philippa,  511. 
Strange,  Sir  John  and  Maud  le,  52. 


Richard  le.  Lord  of  Knockin  and 
Mohun,  52,  57,  83. 

arms  of,  55. 
Stranraer  (Scotland),  530. 
Stratton,  John  and  Elizabeth,  107. 
Strawberry  Mill  (Middlesex),  380. 
Streatley  (Berks),  19,  30,  36,  37.  48- 
Strecche,  Catherine  relict  of  John,i04. 

Sir  John,  105. 

Michael,  99. 
Strechleye,  John,  72. 
Street,  G.E.,  architect,  337,  432- 
Stretton  in  the  Fields  (Derby).  See 

Cave-Brown. 
Strode,  John  and  Margaret,  172-174. 

Sir  Robert  and  Mary,  171. 

Stroude, ,  246. 

Stuart,  Douglas  Wynne  and  Marcia, 

536. 
Stuckey's  Banking  Company,  559. 
Sturminster  Marshal  (Dorset),  33,  48- 
Suakim  (Egypt),  275. 
Sudbury.  See  Chipping  Sodbury. 
Sudbury,  Simon  of.  Bishop  of  London, 

49,  50. 
Suffolk,  109,  122,  125. 
Sumpterman,  John,  58. 
Surderval,  Maud  daughter  of  Richard 

de,  63. 
Sutton,  Agnes  daughter  of  Sir  Richard 
de,  506. 
arms  of,  507,  542. 
Sutton,  Robert  of.  Prior  of  Bath,  391. 
Sutton  Place  near  Guildford  (Surrey), 

164. 
Swan-upping,  160. 
Sweating  sickness,  the,  161,  481. 
Sydenham,  Col.  188. 

George  and  Elizabeth,  413,  440. 
John,  456. 

Silvester  and  Joan,  461,  402. 
Ursula,  463. 
family,  206. 
Sydling   St.   Nicholas  (Dorset).     See 

Hardy. 
Symes,  William,  306. 
Symonds,  Lucy  daughter  of  Thomas, 
201. 


Tailebois,  Joan,  daughter  of  Henry, 

509- 

Sir  Walter,  509. 
Taillor,  Taillour,  Geoffrey,  305. 

Hugh,  100. 

Laurence,  99. 

William,  297. 
Tailors' charges  for  clothes,  207-213. 


594 


INDEX 


Talbot,  John  and  Elizabeth,  Viscount 
and  Viscountess  Lisle,  and  Eliza- 
beth their  daughter,  438,  439. 
Tallage,  exemption  from,  278. 
Tamerton  Foliott  (Devon).   Sec  Mad- 
dock. 
Tapley  Park  (Devon).  See  Clevland. 
Taunton,  82,  98,  116,  131,  183,  187, 
188,  194,  198,  205,  224,  232,  235, 
241,  261,  510,  519. 
Castle,  121,  195,  196,  199. 
Crown  tavern,  226. 
cloth,  300. 

Archdeacon  of,  80,  412. 
Canons  of,  9. 
Taunton,  John,  99.  SeealsoMerchaunt. 
Tavistock  (Devon),  275,  452,  495,  496. 

Abbot  of,  478. 
Tawton,  South  (Devon),  556. 
Tay,  river  (Scotland),  145,  147,  151. 
Taylor,  Hannah  daughter  of  William, 

529- 
John  and  Denise,  496. 
Tenebra,  395. 

Tenters,  or  racks  for  cloth,  299. 
Tessy  sur  Vire  (Normandy),  11-13. 
Tetton  in  Kingston,  224,  226, 260.  See 

also  Dyke. 
Tewrkesbury  (Gloucester),  127. 
Theobald,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury, 

385,  443. 
Thermes,  M.  de,  154. 
Thimelby  family,  510. 
Thomond,  Earl  of.  See  O'Brien. 
Thompson,   Dorothy  daughter  of 

Roger,  476. 
Thornhill,  Sir  James,  painter,  373. 
Thorp  (Lancaster),  67. 
Thorverton    (Devon),    75.     See  also 

Chilton  Luttrell. 
Threshers,  322,  323. 
Thresshe,  John,  361. 
Tibetot,  Ada,  38. 
Robert,  36,  39,  69. 
arms  of,  548. 
Timberscombe,  272,  434,  442,  553. 
Tirwhit,  Robert  86. 
Titchfield  (Hants),  47. 
Tiverton  (Devon),  188. 
Tizard,  Edward  and  Judith,  477. 
Todbere  (Dorset),  12. 
Toge,  M.  de,  154. 
Tolose,  Benedict,  344. 
Tolverne  (Cornwall).  Sec  Arundel. 
Tonbridge  (Kent),  528. 
Tony,  Roger  de,  556. 
Toomer.   See  Carent. 
Torre,  Tor  Mohun,  Torquay  (Devon), 
I,  17,  19,  20,  27,  28,  36,  48,  270, 

276,  434- 
Torre,  Simon  and  Lucy  de  la,  435. 


Tort,  Geoffrey  le,  280. 

Ralph  le,  281-283. 
Totnes  (Devon),  races  at,  269. 
Touker,  Toker,Towker,  John,i2i,305. 

Robert,  298. 

Thomas,  of  Dunster,  287,  298. 

Thomas,  of  Old  Cleeve,  no,  116. 
Townsend,  Sarah,  417,  418. 
Townshend,  Charles,  statesman,  243, 

245,  248. 
Townswood,  in  Dunster,  467. 
Tracy,  Henry  de,  6,  7. 
Trade,  Board  of,  295,  296. 
Tranter,  Robert,  526. 
Treasure  trove,  170,  297,  308. 
Treasury,  the,  530. 
Treborough,  quarries  at,  357. 
Treffry,  John  and  Joan,  482. 
Trefusis,  Jane  daughter  of  Thomas, 

483- 

Thomas  and  Mary,  483. 

Sibella,  sister  of  Thomas,  495. 
Tregonwell,  Mary  daughter  of  John, 
205. 

arms,  368,  550. 
Tregoz  family,  2. 
Trelawny,  Anne  relict  of  John,  483. 

Dorothy  daughter  of  Sir  John,  494. 

Sir  John  and  Elizabeth,  484. 
Tremayle,  Thomas,  judge,  403. 
Trenchard,  John  son  of  Christine,  472. 

arms,  502. 
Trencreke,  Honor  daughter  of  John, 

483. 

estate,  494. 
Trevanian,    Joan    daughter    of    Sir 

William,  482. 
Trevelyan,  George  and  Margaret,  182. 

George,  226. 

Joan  relict  of  Hugh,  520. 

Sir  John,  131,  290,  309. 

John  and  Margaret,  177. 

Sir  John,  220,  222,  226,  237. 

Margaret  daughter  of  Sir  John,  222. 

Thomas,  170. 

arms  of,  551. 
Trevenna  (Cornwall).  Sec  Roscarrok. 
Trewane  (Cornwall).  See  Nicholls. 
Trewynard,  Matthew  and  Isabel,  482. 
Trivet,  Sir  Thomas,  judge,  70. 
Trot,   Trott,   Catherine  daughter  of 
Sir  John,  417. 

Hugh,  139. 
Truro  (Cornwall).  See  Singleton. 
Tuchet,  Sir  John,  114. 
Turf,  281,  282,  307,  340,  384. 
Turin  (Piedmont),  375. 
Tynte,  Sir  Halswell,  205. 
Tythrop  House  (Oxford),  368. 


INDEX 


595 


Ugborough  (Devon),  17,  36,  48,  477. 
Upcot,  Thomas,  merchant,  400,  401, 

405- 
Upwey  (Dorset),  472.  See  also  Gould. 


Vaga,  Perino  del,  painter,  376. 
Vanderbank,  John,  portraits  by,  223, 

224. 
Van  Dieman's  Land,  528. 
Van  Somer,  Paul,  painter,  382. 
Vases  of  tin,  102. 
Vaus,  Robert  de,  Vicar  of  Dunster 

387- 
Veel,  Sir  Peter  de,  48. 
Venables,  John,  74. 
Venn,  in  Heathfield,  202,  220,  374. 
Vere,  Sir  Aubrey  de,  49,  50. 

Elizabeth  de.  Countess  of  Oxford, 

135- 

Elizabeth  relict  of  Sir  John  de,  76. 

Hugh  de.  Earl  of  Oxford,  26. 

Robert   de.   Marquess   of   Dublin, 
Duke  of  Ireland,  448,  449. 
Vernon,  Juliana  de,  17,  556. 
Vesey,  John  de,  36,  353. 
Vexford,  124,  126,  133,  166,  202. 
Victor  Amadeus  of  Savoy,  375. 
Vilers,  a  crossbowman,  18. 
Villiers,  Col.  George,  219. 
Virginia  (America),  495. 


W 

Wadham,  John,  450. 

William,  109. 
Wagland  in  Dunster,  410. 
Wake,  Lady  Blanche,  41. 
Wakefield,  battle  of,  122,  123. 
Waldingfield  (Suffolk),  77. 
Walerand  family,  296. 
Wales,  80,  81,  180-182,  295,  543. 
Wales,  Princes  of,  131,  186,  187,  274. 
Waleys,  Simon,  343. 
Walker,  Robert,  200. 
Walkhampton  Rectory  (Devon),  34. 
Walo,  443. 
Walpole,  Horace,  380. 

Sir  Robert,  523. 
Walsingham    (Norfolk),     Prior    and 

Convent  of,  138. 
Walter  the  webber,  297. 
Walters,  Martha,  528. 

—     ,266. 
Walton  (Northampton),  32. 


Warbeck,  Perkin,  131. 
Ward,  Sir  Roger  la,  48. 
Wardour.  Sec  Arundell. 
Wardropere,   Warderope,    William, 

115,  116. 
Warkworth  (Northumberland),  145. 
Warminster,  prebend  of,  40. 
Warnere,  Waryner,  William,  92,  93. 
Warren,  Mr.  246,  254. 
Warwick,  Earl  of,  124. 

Earl  of,  240. 
Watchet,  72,  73,  98,  124,277,294,354, 

497.  500.    See  also   Kentsford  ; 

Whevere. 
Waterlete,  the,  in  Carhampton  315, 

317,  388,  415.  458- 
Waterloo,  battle  of,  269. 
Watevill,  Sir  Robert  and  Margaret, 

446. 
Watkyns,  Ellen,  305. 
Watts,  Richard  and  Anne,  74. 
Wayssford.  See  Touker. 
Weare,  64,  537. 
Webb,  Col.  190. 
Wedderburn,    Dorothy  daughter  of 

Sir  William,  275. 
Wedding  apparel,  134,  135. 
Welles,  barony  of,  163. 
Welles,  Catherine,  487. 
Wellington,  Duke  of,  530. 
Wellington,  Sir  Ralph  and  Eleanor,42. 
Wellow,  74. 

Wells,  139,  180,  355,  535. 
prebends  of,  40,  534. 
the  Palace,  380. 
the  George  Inn,  222. 
Wells,  William  of,  445. 
Wembury  (Devon).  See  Hele. 
Wentworth,  Lord,  190. 
West,  Richard,  319. 
Westbury,  Lord.  See  Bethell. 
Weston,  (Buckingham),  466. 
Weston,  Mary  daughter  of  Cornelius, 

474- 
Thomas  and  Anne,  531. 
Wey  Bayhous  (Dorset).  See  Upwey. 
Weycroft.  (Devon).  See  Brook. 
Weymouth  (Dorset),  475.    See  also 

Dennis. 
Wharton,  Thomas,  464. 
Whatcombe  House  (Dorset).  Sec  Pley- 

dell. 
Wheddon,  Robert  and  Margaret,  511. 
Whevere,  William,  iii. 
Whichford  (Warwick),  7-9,15,  18, 19, 

36,  37,  40,  52. 
Whitchurch  (Hants),  472. 
White,  Humphrey  and  Dorothy,  165. 

Mr.  226. 
Whitelackington.  See  Speke. 
Whiteway  (Dorset).  See  Chaldecot. 


596 


INDEX 


White wyke,  514. 

Whittlesford  (Cambridge).    See    Sy- 

monds. 
Whitwell  (Devon),  69. 
Whitworth,  Sir  Charles,  230,  232-240, 

242,  246-253,  256. 
Francis,  230,  231. 
Whorts,  281,  345. 
Wibwell  in  Heathfield,  124. 
Wideslade,  Richard  of,  478. 
Wight,  Isle  of,  206. 
Willett.  See  Blommart, 
Wilkyns,  Adam,  400. 
William  the  clerk,  384. 

the  fuller,  297. 
William,  Thomas  son  of,  67. 
William  called  '  Lytelwille,  '  92. 
Williams,  a  goldsmith,  533. 
Williton,  74,  167,  202,  223,  270,  302 

See  also  Fitzurse  ;  Myryman. 
Wiltshire,  Earl  of,  123. 
Wimborne  (Dorset),  93. 
Winchelsea  (Sussex),  248. 
Winchester  (Hants),  7,  536. 
Winchester,  Bishop  of,  11,  386.  See 

also  Courtenay. 
Winchilsea,  Earl  of,  205. 
Windsor  (Berks),  35,  124,  504. 
Windsor,  William  and  Agnes  of,  il. 
Wine,  89,  93,  97,  99,  103,  112,  201- 

203,  277,  324,  325,  440. 
Wine-press,  the,  324. 
Winsford,  512 

Winterbourne  (Gloucester),  497. 
Wither,  Wyther,  John  and   Agnes, 

400-402. 
Withycombe,  167,  202,  272,  321,  348, 

436. 
Wilaller  in,  456. 
See  also   Fitzurse  ;  Hadley  ;  Rod- 

huish  ;  Sandhill. 
Wittenham,  Little  (Berks),  553. 
Wiveliscombe,  302,  519.    See  Capps. 
'  Wodewater,  '  298. 
Wogan,  John  and  Diana,  178. 
Wolavington,  97,  117. 
Wolridge,  Christopher  and  Joan,  496. 
Wolsey,  Cardinal,  461. 
Wolston  manor  (Devon),  105. 
Wolverhampton  (Staff.).  See  Bearsley. 
Wolveton    (Dorset),    472.    See    also 

Trenchard. 
Wood,  Anthony,  antiquary,  204. 

Robert,  263. 
Woodbridge,  James,  265-267. 
Woodhall  (Suffolk),  124,  167. 
Woodville,  Mary,  124. 
Wootton   Courtenay,   167,   272.    See 

also  Stone  ;  Thresshe. 
Wootton  Fitzpaine  (Dorset),  382.  See 

also  Drewe. 


Worcester,  battle  of,  370. 
Worcester,  William  of,  124. 
Worral,  Edward  and  Judith,  477,502. 
Worth,  Andrew,  292. 

Richard,  177,  299. 
Wosham,  John,  47. 
Wotton.  See  Wootton  Courtenay. 
Wraxall,  519.  See  also  Gorges. 
Wreck  of  sea,  12,  295,  296. 
Wrotham,  William  of,  14. 
Wydevill,  Richard,  Seneschal  of  Nor- 
mandy, 95. 
Wylkyns,  John,  290. 
Wyndham,  Charles,  Earl  of  Egre- 
mont,  232,  235-237,  239-242. 

Col.  Francis,  182,  183,  188-194. 

Hopton,  206. 

Lady,  194. 

Margaret  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas, 
134)  135-     >See  also  Luttrell. 

Thomas,  146,  155, 157, 160, 161, 559. 

Thomas,  of  Kentsford,  177. 

Sir  William  216,  223. 

arms  of,  513,  547. 
Wynne,  Owen  and  Dorothy,  522. 
Wyschard,  Roger,  287. 


Yard,  Dorothy  daughter  of  Edward, 
133,  — ,  220. 

Yardly,  Robert  and  Elizabeth,  475. 

Yarmouth  (Norfolk),  263. 

Yarn.    See  Cloth. 

Yarnscombe  (Devon),  465.    See  also 
Trevelyan. 

Yarte,  Thomas,  458. 

Yates,  Oswald  Vavasour  and  Marga- 
ret Jane,  538. 

Yeatman,  Edward  Jordan  and  Caro- 
line Lucy,  535. 

Yeovil,  132. 

Yevelchestre.    See  Ilchester. 

Yllycombe.    See  Ellicombe. 

York  (York),  the  Grey  Friars,  39. 
Priory  of  Holy  Trinity,  63. 

York,  Archbishop  of,  506. 

York,  Edward,  Duke  of,  52,  57,  83, 
84. 
Edward,   Duke  of  (Edward  IV.), 

122,  123. 
Philippa,  Duchess  of,   51,  52,  57, 
83,  III,  501. 

Yorke,  Roger  and  Eleanor,  133. 
Walter  and  Walthean,  133. 

Young,  Mary  daughter  of  John,  417. 


Zincke,  C.F.  enameller,  223. 
Zouche,  William  la,  33. 


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