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13  "  St  tit  a  k  t 


.--E  T^i  T.7J>6 . 


HISTORY 


ESTABLISHMENT 


REFORMATION 


RELIGION  IN  SCOTLAND. 


Br  GILBERT  STUART,   LL.D. 


A  NEW  EDITION. 


EDINBURGH: 

Printed  by  Robert  Allan. 

MDCCCV. 


•';). 


^K' 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The  objeB  of  this  work  is  io  exhibit  a  faithful 
narration  of  the  ejiahlifment  of  the  Proiejiant 
Religion  in  Scotla?id  ;  an  event  which  ^  I  ima- 
gine, has  not  hitherto  been  treated  with  an  accuracy 
equal  to  its  importance.  In  the  general  hijiories 
which  have  been  written  of  Scottish  affairs,  the 
views  of  the  authors  did  not  per?nit  them  to  befuf 
Jiciently  circumjiantial  upon  this  fubje£l ;  and,  in 
thofe  books  which  have  been  devoted  to  the  Church, 
and  its  concerns,  there  is  evidently  an  improper 
mixture  of  prejudice  and  controverjy.  With  a  view 
U  remedy  thefe  defers,  I  have  ventured  to  compofe 
the  prefent  performance  ;  and  it  has  been  my  ear- 
nejl  endeavour  to  e>eft  and  cxercife  that  precifon 
which  is  not  ufualiy  eapeBed  from  the  general  hif- 
torian  ;  and  that  impartiality  which  is  never  to  be 
found  in  the  apologijl  of  a  fa6lion. 

AMiDsr  the  materials  which  engaged  my  atten- 
tion, I  could  not  but  objerve  the  fignal  merit  of  the 
public  papers  which  proceeded  from  ihe  Prote/iants. 
Upon  this  account,  I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  an- 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


?iex  to  my  hook  a  colleBion  of  thofs  of  them  which  I 
confidered  as  the  mojl  inter ejiing  and  valuable. — 
They  have  an  intimate  connexion,  and  an  in/iruc- 
tive  completenefs.  They  Jhew  the  a6lors  in  the  Re* 
formation  ofScotlanl^  under  the  immediate  dominion 
of  great  pajfions  ^  jirug'fling  with  difficult  fituationsi 
ajferting  their  natural  independency,  and  vi?idicat' 
inx  the  political  rights  of  their  nation. — While  they 
ferve  as  the  vouchers  of  memorable  tranfaBions,  they 
difplay  a  genuine  and  fir  iking  pidurc  of  the  manner 
andfpirit  of  the  times  to^  which  they  refer. 


Edinburgh,  Jan.  1780, 


CONTENTS. 


BOOK  j^ 

THE  corruption  of  the  Romlfli  cbiirch.  The 
cotnmencement  of  the  Reformation  in  Scot- 
land. James  V.  oppofes  the  new  opinions.  Per- 
fecutions.  Cardinal  Beaton  is  promoted  to  the  fee 
of  St.  Andrews.  His  charafter.  He  endeavours 
to  flop  the  progrefs  of  the  Reformation.  The 
condemnation  of  Sir  John  Borthwick.  Progrefs 
of  the  Reformation.  A  court  of  inquifition  is 
proje£led.  Sir  James  Hamilton  is  appointed  to 
prefide  in  it.  Is  accufed  of  treafon,  and  execu- 
ted. Intrigues  of  Henry  VIII.  to  promote  the 
Reformation  in  Scotland,  and  to  fecure  its  amityo 
The  clergy  oppofe  the  views  of  Henry  VIII. 
The  ftate  of  parties.  Henry  commences  hoflili- 
ties  with  Scotland.  Military  operations.  A  con- 
spiracy in  the  Scottifh.  camp  to  put  to  death  the 
King's  favourites.  A  Scottilh  army  marches  to 
England.  The  rout  of  Solway  Mofs.  The  afihc- 
tion  and  death  of  James  V.  His  character. 
State  of  affairs  upon  the  death  of  James  V.  Car- 
dinal Beaton  affumes  the  regency  and  lofes  it.  It 
is  conferred  upon  the  Earl  of  Arran.  His  clia- 
vacter.  Progrefs  of  the  Reforniation.  The  Scrip- 
tures are  authorifed  to  be  read  in  the  vulgar 
tongue.  New  intrigues  of  Henry  VIII.  to  pro- 
mote the  Reformation,  and  to  acquire  the  fuperi- 
ority  over  Scotland.  Treaties  of  amity  and  mar- 
riage. An  oppofition  is  made  to  the  Englifli  in- 
A  tereR-, 


CONTENTS. 


terefl.  Schemes  to  fubvert  the  authority  of  the 
regent.  I'he  irrefolution  and  levity  of  the  regent. 
Henry  VIII.  prepares  for  war.  Cardinal  Beaton 
a6ts  as  minifter.  Promotions.  The  Earl  of  Len- 
nox oppofes  tharf^overnment.  Levies  an  .army, 
and  marches  a^^inft  the  regent.  The  regent  pre- 
pares to  perfecute  the  reformed.  The  Earl  of 
Lennox  revolts  to  Henry  VIII.  An  Englifli  ar- 
my invades  Scotland.  New  misfortunes  of  the 
Earl  of  Lennox.  A  truce.  Perfccutions  of  the 
reformed.  The  trial  and  condemnation  of  George 
Wifliart.  ■  Cardinal  Beaton  is  aflaffinated.  Peace 
"with  England.  Confequences  of  the  murder  of 
Cardinal  Beaton.  Promotions.  Proceedings  a- 
gainlf  the  confpirators.  The  cadle  of  St.  An- 
drews is^hcfieged.  An  ineffe(51:ual  treaty.  The 
Protcftants  give  their  fancftion  to  the  confpirators. 
The  French  navy  amve  before  St  Andrews. 
The  cadle  capitulates.  An  Englifli  army  invades 
Scotland.  The  Englifli  commander  invites  the 
regent  to  a  peaceful  fonclufion  of  the  marriage  of 
the  Queen  of  Scots  with  ]f  dward  VI.  His  offers 
are  rejected.  The  battle  of  Pinkey:  The  Eng- 
liili  general  neglects  to  profecute  his  victory, 
Scotland  prepares  to  continue  the  war.  An  Eng- 
liih  army  enters  Scotland.  The  C)ueen  dowager  be- 
comes ambitious  of  power.  The  young  Queen  is 
fent  to  France.  Military  operations.  The  fiegc 
of  Haddington  is  raifed.  Difcontents  arife  be- 
tween the  Scots  and  French.  New  operations  of 
war.  Continuation  of  hoftilities.  Peace  between 
France,  England,  and  Scotland.  The  ()ueen 
Dowager  wiflies  to  obtain  the  regency,  and  goes 
to  France.  The  renewal  of  the  perfecutions. 
The  tyranny  6f  the  regent.      Intrigues  to  under- 


mme 


CONTENTS.  Ill 

mine  tlie  re'^ent.  Ecclefiailical  afFuirs.  The 
Qiieen  Dowager  returns  to  Scotland.  The  regent 
holds  jufLice  courts,  and  harraffes  the  people.  He 
is  urged  to  relign  his  high  office.  The  Queen 
Dowager  obtains  the  regency.  Page  i — loo. 


B  O  O  K    II. 

The  Queen  Regent  enters  upon  her  adraini- 
flration.  Promotions.  Advances  of  the  Reforma- 
tion. State  of  the  church.  The  Queen  Regent 
enafts  beneficial  laws,  and  attends  the  execution 
ofjuftice.  A  {landing  army  is  projected.  Re- 
monftrances  againft  it.  The  Proteftants  difcover 
a  formidable  fpirit.  John  Knox  diftinguiilies  him- 
felf.  '  The  Queen  Regent  is  difirous  of  a  war 
with  England.  Progrefs  of  the  Reformation. 
Leaders  of  eminence  take  the  direction  of  the  Pro- 
teftants. They  invite  John  Knox  to  return  to 
Scotland.  The  firft  covenant.  The  Queen  Re- 
gent urges  the  marriage  of  the  Queen  of  Scots 
with  the  Dauphin.  Commifiioners  are  appointed 
to  tranfacl  this  bufinefs.  Their  inftru^lions. 
The  perfidious  management  of  the  Court  of 
France.  The  marriage  of  the  Queen  of  Scots 
and  the  Dauphin.  An  aft  of  parliament  is  ob- 
tained to  give  the  crown  matrimonial  to  the  Dau- 
phin. Nevv'  attempts  to  check  the  Pi.eforipation. 
The  Archbifhop  of  St.  Andrews  endeavours  to 
gain  the  Earl  of  Argyle  from  the  Reforiiiers. 
The  martyrdom  of  Walter  Mill.  The  Reform- 
ers think  of  refiftance.  Subfcriptions  are  taken 
for  hoftilities.  The  Proteftants  agree  to  folicit 
redrers  from  the  Queen  Regent,  Their  fuppli- 
A  2  cation. 


CONTENTS. 


cation.      Heads   of  Reformation.      The  Queen 
Regent  appears  to  favour  the   Reformed.      The 
articles  of  Reformation  are  prefented  to  the  cler- 
gy.     The  Proteftants  refolve  to  apply  to  parlia- 
ment.     Their  petitions.       The    Queen    Regent 
amufes  the  Proteftants.    Their  protellation.     The 
political  views  of  the  Queen  Regent.     The  King 
of  France  declares  the  Queen  of  Scots  to  be  the 
heir  of  the  Englifli  crown.     He  incites  the  Queen 
Regent  to  perfecute  the  reformed.  Breach  between 
the  Queen  Regent  and  the  Congregation.  The  Re- 
formationiseftablifliedat  Perth.  The  preachers  pre- 
pare to  appear  before  the  Queen  Regent.  John  Knox 
preaches  at  Perth.  The  demolition  of  the  raonafte- 
ries.     The  Queen   Regent  collects  an  army,  and 
marches  againft  the  Proteftants.     A  treaty  is  con- 
cluded.    The  fecond  covenant.     The  Queen  Re- 
gent breaks  her  agreements.     The  Earl  of  Argylc 
and  the  Lord  James  Stuart  leave  the  court. — 
Tlie  preachers   inflame  the  people.     The  demo- 
lition of  religious  houfes.      Hollile  preparations 
of  the  Queen  Regent  and  the  Lords  of  the  Con- 
gregation.   c>A  truce  is    agreed  upon.      But  is 
broken  by  the  Queen  Regent.      The  fiege   of 
Perth.      The  Abbey  and  Palace  of  Scoon  are 
burned.     Ravages  of  the  Congregation  at  Stir- 
ling.    At  Linlithgow  and  Edinburgh.     The  Pro- 
leflants  take   up  their  refidence  at  Edinburgh. — 
The  proclamation  of  the  Queen   Regent.     The 
Protellants  aflfert  the  integrity  of  their  intentions. 
Conference  by   commiilioners  between  the  Queen 
Regent  and  the  Congregation.     The  Protcltants 
fend  a  meffagc    to  the    Queen    Regent.      The 
Queen  Kegent  marches  againft  the  Congregation. 
A  treaty  is  concluded.     Its  terms.     Difcou'tents 

concerninq; 


CONTENTS. 


concerning  the  French  mercenaries.  The  death 
of  Henry  II.  Acceffion  of  Francis  and  Mary  to 
the  crown  of  France.  The  expeftations  of  the 
Queen  Regent.  The  Lords  of  the  Congrega- 
tion meet  at  Stirling.  The  third  covenant.— 
The  Proteftants  are  difturbed  in  the  exercife  of 
their  religion.  A  meffenger  arrives  from  France. 
Francis  and  Mary  addrefs  letters  to  the  Lord 
James  Stuart.  Character  of  the  Lord  James 
Stuart.  The  arrival  of  French  troops  at  Leith. 
New  fupplies  from  France.  Matters  arrive  at 
the  lafl  extremity.  The  Earl  of  Arran  joins  the 
Proteftants.  They  are  joined  by  the  Duke  of 
Chatellerault.  Proceedings  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Congregation.  The  deplicity  of  the  Queen  Re- 
gent. The  Proteftants  march  to  Edinburgh. — 
The  Queen  Regent  fends  the  Lord  Lion  to  them. 
They  deliberate  upon  the  conduft  of  the  Queen 
Regent,  and  deprive  her  of  her  office.  I'heir 
fentence  or  decree.  Page  loi — 199. 


BOOK     III. 

The  Proteftants  fummon  Leith  to  furrender  ; 
and  fall  into  diftrefs.  Their  perplexity,  and  ap- 
plication to  England.  An  unfuccefsful  attempt 
againft  Leith.  A  fecond  fkirmifli.  Secretary 
Maitland  joins  the  Congregation.  The  Proteft- 
ants leave  Edin'.'Urgh.  They  fend  ambaffadors 
to  England.  Queen  Elizabeth  is  urged  to  give 
affiftance  to  the  Congregation.  Deliberations  of 
the  Englifli  ftatefmen.  Queen  Elizabeth  agrees 
to  allift  the  Congregation.  The  afibciated  No- 
bles go  to  different  parts  of  the  kingdom.     The 


CONTENTS. 


images  and  altars  at  Glafgo^r  are  demoliflied. — - 
A  proclamation  by  the  Duke  of  Chatellerault. 
The  Queen  Dowager  enters  Edinburgh.  She 
refolves  to  finifli  the  war  before  the  arrival  of 
the  Englifli  troops.  The  Proteftants  endeavour 
to  check  the  French  troops.  The  arrival  of  the 
fleet  from  England.  The  treaty  of  Berwick,  be- 
tween the  Congregation  and  Queen  Elizabeth. 
The  Queen  Dowager  is  difappointed  in  her  hopes 
from  France.  The  Proteftants  recover  their  fpi- 
rit.  Negociations  of  the  French.  The  arrival 
of  the  Englifli  troops,  and  their  jun^lion  with  the 
Congregation.  The  Queen  Dowager  retires  in- 
to Edinburgh  Caftle.  The  laft  letter  from  the 
Congregation  to  the  Queen  Dowager.  The 
fiege  of  Leith.  Military  operations.  Unfuccefs- 
ful  negociations.  The  fourth  covenant.  The 
dejeftion  of  the  Queen  Dowager.  Profecutioii 
of  the  fiege  of  Leith.  The  death  and  chara<fier 
of  the  Queen  Dowager.  The  ftate  of  France. 
Its  difpofition  towards  peace.  CommiiTioners  to 
treat  of  peace  are  named  by  France  and  Eng- 
land. The  plenipotentiaries  from  France  have 
n  particular  commillion  with  regard  to  the  Con- 
gregation. The  Proteftants  detail  their  grie- 
vances to  the  deputies  of  England  and  France. 
The  concefTions  of  Francis  and  Mary.,  Treaty  of 
Edinburgh.  The  proclamation  of  the  peace. — • 
A  thanklgiving.  The  appointment  of  preachers 
and  iuperintendents.  The  Parliament  affembles. 
Its  legality  is  difputed  and  confirmed.  The  fup- 
plication  of  the  reformed.  A  confeffion  of  faith 
is  drawn  up  by  the  reformed,  and  approved  by 
the  parliament.  The  abolition  of  the  mafs. — • 
Abolition  of  the  papal  authority.  The  parlia- 
ment 


CONTENTS.  VU 


ment  follcits  the  ratification  of  its  proceedings 
from  Francis  and  Mary.  Embafl'y  to  England. 
The  parliament  propofes  the  union  of  England 
and  Scotland,  by  the  marriage  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth with  the  Earl  of  Arran.  The  delicate  ftate 
of  the  Congr-egation.  The  death  of  Francis  II. 
The  eftabhlhment  of  the  Prefbyterian  Church. 
An  envoy  arrives  from  France.  The  final  de- 
flrudion  of  the  monafi:eries,  and  of  the  other 
monuments  of  popery.     Conciufion. 

Page  20I — 279. 

Appendix. — Containing  a  Cohesion  of  the 
Principal  Records  concerning  the  Eftablifliment 
of  the  Reformation  in  Scotland. 

Page  283—395. 


/ 


THE 


REFORMATIO>nlfl'*R.£LIGION 


c 


I  N 


SCOTLAND. 


BOOK     I. 


THE  traffic  of  irxdulgences,  or  the  fale  of  the     ^^^^  j 
favour  of  heaven,  to  fmners  of  every  de-  ^p'^T*^ 
gree,  firfl  awakened  the  general  attention  of  man-  t^o.JoTthe' 
kind  to  the  fpirit  and  tendency  of  the  Romifli.  f^^^^^^ 
faith.     The  confideration  of  particular  abufes  and 
errors  led  to  the  difcovery  of  the  defers  and  in- 
firmities of  the  whole  fyllem.     Provoked  by  op- 
pofitioni,  invited  by  curiofity,  impelled  by  pride, 
and  allured  by  the  love  of  juflice  and  truth,  men 
inquired  with  anxiety  and  ardouj,  not  only  into 
B  the 


2  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  tlic  foriTi  and  adminiflration  of  the  church,  but 
into  the  doftrines  which  it  taught.  It  was  fcru- 
tinized  upon  every  fide,  and  its  corruptions  and 
weakneffes,  incapable  of  all  defence  and  apology, 
roufed  indignation  and  contempt. 

Popery,  as  a  fpecies  of  religion,  when  exa- 
mined by  the  principles  of  reafon,  appears  to 
mock  the  judgment  and  capacity  of  men ;  and 
v/hen  furveyed  as  a  political  eftabliiliment,  it 
feems  intended  to  difhurb  the  tranquillity  of  fo- 
ciety.  The  ingenuity  of  human  wit,  exerted 
to  contrive  what  is  mod  extravagant,  can,  with 
difficulty,  conceive  inventions  more  abfurd  or  ro- 
mantic than  the  merits  of  pilgrimage  and  penance, 
,the  confelTion  and  abfolution  of  fms,  purgatory, 
the  invocation  of  faints,  and  the  adoration  of 
images.  Nor,  in  a  pohtical  view,  is  the  wildnefs 
it  offers  to  obfervation  lefs  conclufive  or  ftriking. 
A  prieft,  fcated  at  Rome,  claiming  the  preroga- 
tives of  a  deity,  looking  down  upon  emperors 
and  kings,  and  interfering,  with  heat  and  vio- 
lence, in  the  temporal  as  well  as  the  fpiritual 
concerns  of  independent  nations,  is  a  boundlefs 
violation  of  propriety.  Prelates,  fubfervient  to  a 
foreign  potentate,  with  intereils  oppoute  to  thofe 
of  the  community  of  which  they  are  members, 

and 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  3 


and  allembling  to  deliberate  in  its  fenate,  and  to 
controul  the  authority  of  the  prince  and  the  ma- 
giftrate,  may  juflly  be  confidered  as  an  inftitution 
in  hoflility  to  all  the  maxims  of  civil  government. 
And,  by  the  eftabliihment  of  religious  houfes  and 
monafleries,  multitudes  of  individuals  being  con- 
demned to  confinement  and  indolence,  fociety  was 
deprived  of  the  fruit  and  advantage  of  their  in- 
duflry  and  labour. 

Time  added  to  the  original  imperfections  of 
the  Romiili  fyflem.  The  imraenfe  wealth  accu- 
mulated by  the  clergy,  co-operating  with  the  law 
of  celibacy,  ferved  to  corrupt  their  morals.  The 
extreme  profligacy  of  their  lives  was  ftill  more 
offenfive  than  the  puerilities  they  inculcated.  In 
their  fuccefsful  advances  to  grandeur,  they  ac- 
quired a  long  train  of  privileges  and  immunities ; 
and  while  their  imperioufnefs  propagated  diflrefs 
and  terror,  new  and  conftant  pretences  of  en- 
croachment prefented  themfelves,  to  flatter  and 
encourage  their  fpirit  of  ambition  and  tyranny. 
Their  power  rofe  to  a  mofl;  exorbitant  height,  and 
they  were  fliudious  to  abufe  it. 

All  the  abfurdities  which  fliock  moft  the  com- 
mon underfl:anding  of  mankind,  all  the  vices  and 
B  2  immoralities 


4  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

■T.-n»»  ■■  I  ■  -  ■ — r 

Book  I.  immoralities  which  infult  their  fenfe  of  modefly 
and  virtue,  and  all  the  ftretches  of  authority 
which  violate  their  pride,  and  overturn  their  in- 
terefts,  were  difplayed  and  cxercifed  in  the  Romifli 
religion,  and  in  the  tranfaftions  of  its  priefl- 
hood  *.  When  advanced  to  an  extremity  beyond 
which  they  could  no  longer  be  endured,  the  pro- 
per check  and  correction  were  applied  to  them. 
They  were  traced  to  their  fources,  and  explained 
in  their  confequcnces.  Knowledge  increafed  with 
inquiry ;  courage  grew  with  victory  ;  and  the 
invention  of  the  art  of  printing,  fubmitting  the 
fpeculations  and  the  reafonings  of  the  learned  to 
the  mod  general  remark,  the  nations  of  Europe, 
ftarting  from  the  lethargy  into  which  they  had 
fallen,  were  forward  to  attend  to  their  dignity 
and  importance  ;  and,  while  they  fought  a  reme- 
dy for  the  old  fuperitltions,  or  afted  to  their  o- 
verthrow,  were  flrenuous  to  build  up  barriers  to 
fecure  their  civil  rights. 

The  con--         The  Conflagration  which  Martin  Luther  kind- 

mencement    ii.^-,  i  •  t-z-i/* 

nf  the  Re-    led  m  Germany  was  not   long  m  extendmg  itlelr 

formation 

111  SjoUand.  ••O 


*  Fasciculus  rerum  expetendarum  et  fugiendarum,  cum 
Appcndice  fcriptorum  vetenim  qui  ecclefips  Romans  errores 
dctegunt  et  damnant,  neccfiitatemc^ue  rcformationi*  urgent. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


to  Scotland.  In  the  reign  of  James  V.  the  new  Eook  l 
opinions  had  not  only  been  propagated  there,  but 
had  even  begun  to  threaten  the  deil:ru<5i:ion  of  the 
eflabliilied  faith.  All  the  caufes  which,  in  other 
flates,  afforded  popularity  and  interefl  to  the 
do6lrines  of  the  Reformation,  were  experienced  - 
in  this  nation  ;  and  its  political  condition  furnilli- 
ed  to  them  a  peculiar  fource  of  encouragement. 
Views  of  policy  having  engaged  James  V.  in  the 
defign  of  humbling  his  nobility,  there  was  necef- 
farily  a  feeblenefs  in  his  government.  From  the 
clergy,  whom  the  nobles  defpifed,  as  inferior  to 
them,  while  they  envied  their  wealth,  he  fought 
to  derive  a  fupport  to  his  confequence.  The 
breach  between  the  monarchical  and  the  ariflo- 
cratical  powers  was  thus  rendered  the  more  obfli- 
nate.  In  oppofition,  therefore,  to  the  crovv^n, 
the  nobility  were  difpofed  to  give  their  weight  to 
the  people.  To  the  new  opinions,  accordingly, 
they  were  favourable  from  political  confiderations, 
as  well  as  from  their  natural  propriety  ;  and,  in 
a  few  years,  they  rofe  up,  advanced,  and  were 
cftabliflied. 


To  employ   feverity  in  the  commencement  of  jamc*  v. 
religious  novelties,  has  been   thought  confident  ncwopini. 
with  wifdom  and  polity  j  and  the  tenets  of  the 


Reformed 


6  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

rooK  I.  Reformed  being  in  direct  oppofition  to  the  ancient 
"^  faith,  and  even  incompatible  v/ith  its  exiflence, 
the  llrongefl  meafures  were  fancied  the  mod  ex- 
pedient to  reprefs  them.  James  V.  was  not  a- 
verfe  from  violent  councils.  To  tolerate  fe^la- 
ries  was  not  the  fafnion  of  thofe  times.  The 
clergy  had  acquired  an  afcendency  over  him  ;  and 
it  was  not  their  intereft  to  fubmit  to  deliberation 
and  debate.  He  took  the  refolution  to  aft  with 
firmnefs,  and  to  punifh  all  innovators.  Rigorous 
inquifitions  were  made  after  heretics,  and  fires 
were  hghted  to  deilroy  them. 

xr-i-         The  firfl-  perfon  who  was  called  upon  to  fuffer 

Perlecu- 

«ioa».  for  the  reformed  religion,  was  Patrick  Hamilton, 
Abbot  of  Feme.  At  an  early  period  of  life  he 
had  been  appointed  to  this  abbacy  ;  and  having 
imbibed  a  favourable  idea  of  the  doftrines  of  Lu- 
ther, he  had  travelled  into  Germany,  and  be- 
coming acquainted  with  the  mod  eminent  Reform.- 
ers,  v/as  fully  confn-med  in  their  opinions.  Up- 
on his  return  to  Scotland,  he  ventured  to  expofe 
the  corruptions  of  the  church,  and  to  infill  on  the 
advantages  of  the  tenets  which  he  had  embraced. 
A  conduct  fo  bold,  and  the  avidity  with  which 
Lis  difcourfes  were  received  by  the  people,  gave 
s.n  alarm  to  the  clergy,*    Under  the  pretence  of  a 

religious 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


religious  and  friendly  conference,  he  was  feduced  Eook  r. 
to  St  Andrews  by  Alexander  Campbell,  a  Do-  '^ 
minican  friar,  who  was  inflrufted  to  remonflrate 
with  him  on  the  fubjecl  of  the  Reformation.-— 
The  converfations  they  held  only  ferved  to  efta- 
blifli  the  Abbot  the  more  firmly  in  his  fentiments, 
and  to  inflame  his  zeal  to  propagate  them.  The 
Archbifliop  of  St  Andrews,  the  Archbilliop  of 
Glafgow,  and  ether  dignitaries  of  the  church, 
conflituting  a  court,  called  him  to  appear  before 
them.  The  Abbot  neither  lofl  his  courage,  nor 
renounced  his  opinions.  He  was  convi£led,  ac- 
cordingly, of  heretical  pravity,  and  delivered  o- 
ver  to  the  fecular  arm  *.  This  Reformer  had  not 
attained  the  twenty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  Hi? 
youth,  his  \arLue,  his  magnanimity,   and  his  faf- 

feringSj, 


*  His  tenets  were  of  the  following  import,  and  are  enu- 
merated in  the  fentence  pronounced  againft  him.  *'  Man  hath 
*'  no  free  will.  Man  is  in  fin  fo  long  as  he  llveth.  Children, 
•*  incontinent  after  their  baptifme,  are  finners.  AH  Chrif- 
•'  tians  that  be  worthie  to  be  called  Chriitians,  do  know  that 
*'  they  are  in  grace.  No  man  is  jufHSed  by  works,  but  by 
"  faith  only.  Good  works  make  not  a  good  man,  but  a  good 
««  man  doth  make  good  works.  And  faith,  hope,  and  chati- 
«'  ty  are  fo  knit,  that  he  that  hath  the  one  hath  the  rell ; 
«*  and  he  that  wanteth  the  one  of  them  wanteth  the  reft." — 
Keith,  Hift.  cf  the  Church  and  State  of  Scotland,  Appen- 
dix, p.  3. 


S  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

KooK  I.  ferings,  all  operated  in  his  favour  with  the  peo- 
ple. To  Alexander  Campbell,  who  infulted  him 
at  the  flake,  he  objefted  his  treachery,  and  cited 
him  to  anfwer  for  his  behaviour  before  the  judg- 
ment-feat of  Chrifi:.  And  this  perfecutor,  a  few 
days  after,  being  feized  with  a  phrenzy,  and  dy- 
ing in  that  condition,  it  was  believed  with  the 
greater  fmcerity  and  confidence,  that  Mr  Hamil- 
ton was  an  innocent  man,  and  a  true  martyr  f. 

A  DEED  fo  affefting,  from  its  novelty  and  in 
its  circumflances,  excited  throughout  the  kingdom 
an  univerfal  curiofity  and  indignation.  Minute 
and  particular  inquiries  were  made  into  the  tenets 
of  Mr  Hamilton.  Men  exercifed  their  reafon  as 
well  as  their  humanity.  The  doftrines  of  the 
church  of  Rome  underwent  a  fcrutiny,  and  were 
compared  with  thofe  of  the  Reformation.  The 
licentioufnefs  of  the  prelates  was  contrafled  with 
the  auflerity  of  the  Froteflant  teachers,  and  cen- 
fured  with  a  freedom  of  fpeech  which  filled  them 
w^ith  the  greatefl  difpleafure.  Converts  to  the 
new  opinions  were  multiplying  in  every  quarter, 
and  a  partiality  to  them  began  to  prevail  even  a- 
mong  the  Romifli  clergy  themfelves.     Alexander 

Seton, 

t  Knox,  Hift.  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  p.  5,  6. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


Seton,  the  king's  confeflbr,  took  the  Hberty  to  Book  r, 
inveigh  againft  the  errors  and  abufes  of  Popery  ; 
to  neglect,  in  his  difcourfes,  all  mention  of  pur- 
gatory, and  pilgramage,  and  faints ;  and  to  re- 
commend the  dodrines  of  the  Reformed.  What 
he  taught  was  impugned  ;  and  his  boldnefs  rifmg 
with  contradiction,  he  defended  warmly  his  opi- 
nions, and  even  ventured  to  affirm,  that  in  Scotland 
there  were  no  true  and  faithful  bifliops,  if  a  judg- 
ment of  men  in  this  flation  is  to  be  formed  from  the 
virtues  which  St,  Paul  has  required  of  them.  A 
farcafm  fo  juft,  and  fo  daring,  inflamed  the  whole 
body  of  the  prelacy  with  refentment.  They  ilu- 
died  to  compafs  his  deilruftion  ;  and,  as  Mr  Se- 
ton had  given  offence  to  the  king,  whom  he  had 
exhorted  to  a  greater  purity  of  life,  they  flattered 
themfelves  with  the  hope  of  conducing  him  to  the 
flake.  But,  being  apprehenfive  of  danger,  he 
made  his  efcape  into  England  *. 

Henry  Forest,  a  Benedlftine  friar,  v/ho  dif-  ijj3, 
covered  a  propenfity  to  the  Reformed  doClrines, 
was  not  fo  fortunate.  After  having  been  impri- 
foned  for  fome  time  in  the  tower  of  St  Andrews, 
he  was  brought  to  his  trial,  condemned,  and  led 
out  to  the  flames.  He  had  faid,  that  Mr  Hamil- 
C  ton 

^      ■  •,,.-- ,ii^^ 

*Spotswood,  Hift.  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  p.  64,65. 


lO  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.     ton  was  a  pious  man,  and  a   martyr ;  and  that 
"  the  tenets  for  which  he  fufFered  might  be  vindi- 

cated. This  guilt  was  aggravated  by  the  difco- 
very,  that  friar  Foreft  was  in  poffeiTion  of  a  New 
Teftament  in  the  Englifti  language  :  for  the  priells 
efteemed  a  careful  attention  to  the  fcriptures  to 
be  an  infallible  fymptom  of  herefy.  A  cruelty  fo 
repugnant  to  the  common  fenfe  and  feelings  of 
mankind,  while  it  pleafed  the  infolent  pride  of  the 
ecclefiaftics,  was  deftroying  their  importance,  and 
exciting  a  general  difpofition  in  the  people  to  a- 
dopt,  in  the  fullefl  latitude,  the  principles  and  fen- 
timents  of  the  Reformed  *, 

3^34,  James  Beaton,  Archbiiliop  of  St.  Andrews, 

though  remarkable  for  prudence  and  moderation, 
was  overawed  by  his  nephew  and  coadjutor,  Da- 
vid Beaton,  and  by  the  clergy.  In  his  own  per- 
fon  or  by  commlilions  granted  by  him,  perfecu- 
lions  were  carried  on  with  violence.  Many  were 
driven  into  banifliment,  and  many  were  forced  to 
acknowledge  what  they  did  not  believe.  The 
more  ftrenuous  and  refolute  were  delivered  over 
to  puniihment.  Among  thefe  were  two  private 
gentlemen,  Norman  Gouday,  and  David  Straton. 

They 


*  Keith,  Hill,  of  the  Church  of  Scotland;  p.  8.  Snotf^ 
wood,  p.  6^, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  II 

They  were  tried  at  Holyrood-houfe,  before  the  Book  r. 
Bifhop  of  Rofs,  and  refufing  to  recant,  were  con- 
demned. King  James,  who  was  prefent,  appear- 
ed exceedingly  felicitous  that  they  ihould  pafs  from 
their  confeilion  ;  and  David  Straton,  upon  being 
adjudged  to  the  fire,  having  begged  for  his  mer- 
cy, was  about  to  receive  it,  when  the  priefls  proud- 
ly pronounced,  that  the  grace  of  a  fovereign  could 
not  be  extended  to  a  criminal  whom  their  law 
and  determination  had  doomed  to  fuffer  f. 

A  FEW  years  after,  the  Biiliops  having  affem-  1538. 
bled  at  Edinburgh,  two  Dominican  friars,  Killor 
and  Beverage,  with  Sir  Duncan  Sympfon  a  prieft, 
Robert  Forrefler  a  gentleman  of  Stirling,  and 
Thomas  Forrefl  vicar  of  Dolour  in  Perthfliire, 
were  condemned  to  be  confumed  in  the  fame  fire. 

At  Glafgow,  a  fimilar  fcene  was  afted.  Hiero-  ^S39' 
nymus  RuITel  a  gray  friar,  and  a  young  gentleman 
of  the  name  of  Kennedy,  were  accufed  of  herefy  be- 
fore the  Billiop  of  that  fee.  Ruffel,  when  brought 
to  the  flake,  difplaying  a  deliberate  demeanor, 
reafoned  gravely  with  his  accufers,  and  was  only 
anfwered  with  reproaches.  Mr  Kennedy,  who  v/as 
not  yet  eighteen  years  of  age,  feemed  difpofed  to 
C  2  difavow 

t  Knox,  p.  23, 


HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  I.  difavow  his  opinions,  and  to  fink  under  the  weight 
of  a  cruel  affliftion  ;  but  the  exhortation  and  ex- 
ample of  Ruifel  awakening  his  courage,  his  mind 
affumed  a  firmnefs  and  conilancy,  his  countenance 
became  chearful,  and  he  exclaimed  with  a  joyful 
voice,  "  Now,  I  defy  thee.  Death;  I  praife 
''  my  God,  I  am  ready  *," 


Cardinal  James  Beaton,  the  Archblfliop  of  St.  An- 

proniotcd'  drews,  happening  to  die  about  this  time,  the  am- 

of  St.  An-  bition  of  David  Beaton,  his  coadjutor,  was  gra- 

drews. 


His   cha- 
radter. 


tified  in  the  fullefl:  manner.  He  had  been  created 
a  Cardinal  of  the  Roman  church,  and  he  was  now 
advanced  into  the  pofTeiTion  of  the  primacy  of 
Scotland.  No  Scottilli  ecclefiaftic  had  been  ever 
inverted  with  greater  authority  ;  and  the  Reform- 
ers had  every  thing  to  fear  from  fo  formidable  an 
enemy.  The  natural  violence  of  his  temper  had 
fixed  itfelf  in  an  overbearing  infolence,  from  the 
fuccefs  which  had  attended  him.  His  youth 
had  been  pafled  in  fcenes  of  policy  and  intrigue, 
which,  while  they  communicated  to  him  addrefs, 
and  the  knov/ledge  of  men,  corrupted  altogether 
the  fnuplicity  and  candour  of  his  mind.  He  was 
dark,  defigning,  and  artificial.  No  principles  of 
juftice  were  any  bar  to  his  fchemes.     His  heart 

did 

.     *  Spotswood,  p.  67.    Keith,  p.  9. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


did  not  open  to  any  impreffions  of  pity.  His  Eook  i. 
ruling  paffion  was  an  inordinate  love  of  power  ; 
and  the  fupport  of  his  confcquence  depending  a- 
lone  upon  the  church  of  Rome,  he  was  anima- 
ted to  maintain  its  fuperftitions  with  the  warmeft 
2eal.  He  Teemed  to  take  a  delight  in  perfidiouf- 
nefs  and  dilTimuIation  ;  he  had  no  religion  •,  and 
he  was  ftained  with  an  inhuman  cruelty,  and  the 
mofl  open  profligacy  of  manners.  In  connexion 
with  thefe  defects,  he  poflefl  a  perfevering  obdi- 
nacy  in  purfjing  his  meafiires,  the  ability  to  per- 
ceive and  to  praftife  all  the  arts  which  were  necef- 
fary  to  advance  them,  and  the  allurements  of  oflen- 
tation  and  prodigality. 

He  was  fcarcely  invefled  in  the  primacy,  when      1540 
he  exhibited  an  example  of  his  tafle  for  magnili-  voursto 

•^  '^  flop  the 

cence,  and  of  his  averfion  to  the  Reformed.     He  progreis  of 

'  the    Refor- 

proceeded  to  St.  Andrews  with  an  uncommon  mation. 
pomp  and  parade.  The  Earls  of  Huntley,  Arran, 
Mariflial,  and  Montrofe,  with  the  Lords  Fleming, 
Lindfey,  Erildne,  and  Seton,  did  him  the  honour 
to  attend  upon  him ;  and  there  appeared  in  his 
train,  Gavin,  Archbilhop  of  Glafgow  and  Lord 
High  Chancellor,  four  Bifliops,  fix  Abbots,  a 
great  many  private  gentlemen,  and  a  vaft  multi- 
tude of   the  inferior   clergy.     In  the  cathedral 

church 


14  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  chuixli  of  St.  Andrcws,  from  a  throne  erected 
by  his  command,  he  harangued  concerning  the 
Hate  of  religion  and  the  church,  to  this  company, 
and  to  a  crowd  of  other  auditors.  He  lamented 
the  increafe  of  heretics  ;  he  infifted  upon  their  au- 
dacity, and  contempt  of  order  ;  he  faid,  that  e- 
ven  in  the  court  of  the  fovereign  too  much  atten- 
tion was  (hewn  to  them  ;  and  he  urged  the  flrong 
necelTity  of  afting  againft  them  with  the  greatcll 
rigour.  He  informed  this  aifembly,  that  he  had 
cited  Sir  John  Borthwick  to  appear  before  it,  for 
maintaining  tenets  of  faith  hoflile  to  to  the  church, 
and  for  difperfnig  heretical  books ;  and  he  defired 
that  he  might  be  affifled  in  bringing  him  to  juftice. 
The  articles  of  his  accufation  *  were  read  againft 

Sir 


*  They  are  preferved  by  Archbifliop  Spotfwood,  and  dif- 
play  great  liberality  of  mind,  in  a  period  when  philofophy 
may  be  faid  to  have  been  unknown  in  Scotland.  They  are 
thus  detailed  by  this  judicious  writer  : 

1.  <*  ;  HAT  he  held  the  Pope  to  have  no  greater  authority 
"  over  ChriUians,  than  any  other  Bifliop  or  Prelate  had. 

2.  '*  Phat  indulgences  and  pardons  granted  by  the  Pope 
"  wtre  of  no  force  nor  effefi,  but  devifed  to  abufe  people, 
••  and  deceive  poor  ignorant  fouls. 

3  ♦'  That  Billiops,  Prielts,  and  other  clergymen,  may 
"  laWiuUy  marry. 

4.  "  That  the  herefies,  commonly  called  the  heref.es  of 
"  Efjgland.  and  thch  new  liturgy  were  commendable,  and 
"  to  be  embraced  ot  ?ii  Chriftlans, 

5.  "  That 


OF    RELIGION    IN     SCOTLAND. 


Sir  John  Borth'svick,  who  neither  appeared  in  his  book  r, 
own  perfon,  nor  by  any  agent  or  deputy.  He 
was  found,  notwithftanding,  to  be  guilty  ;  and 
the  Cardinal,  with  a  folemnity  calculated  to  flrike 
with  awe  and  terror,  pronounced  fentence  J^ainfl 
him.  His  goods  and  eilate  were  confifcated ;  a 
painted  reprefentation  of  him  was  burned  pubhcly, 
in  teftimony  of  the  malediftion  of  the  church, 
and  as  a  memorial  of  his  obftinacy  and  condem- 
nation. It  was  ordained,  that  in  the  event  of 
his  being  apprehended,  he  lliould  fufier  as  an  he- 
retic, 

5.  ••  That  the  people  of  Scotland  are  blinded  by  their 
*'  clergy,  and  profefled  not  the  true  faith. 

6.  "  That  churchmen  ought  not  to  enjoy  temporali- 
''  ties. 

7.  **  That  the  king  ought  to  convert  the  rents  of  the 
"  church  unto  other  pious  ufes. 

8.  *•  That  the  church  of  Scotland  ought  to  be  govern- 
"  cd  after  the  manner  of  the  Enghfii. 

9.  "  That  the  cannons  and  decrees  of  the  church  were  of 
*'  no  force,  as  being  contrary  to  the  law  of  God. 

10.  •'  That  the  orders  of  the  friars  and  monks  fiiould  be 
"  abolifhed,  as  had  been  done  in  England. 

1 1.  *'  That  he  did  openly  call  the  Pope  Shnoniac,  for  that 
"  he  fold  fpiritual  things. 

12.  "  That  he  did  read  heretical  books,  and  the  New 
*'  Teftament  in  Englifli,  and  fome  other  treatifes  written 
««  by  Melanchton,  Oecolampadius,  and  Erafmus,  which  he 
«  gave  likewife  unto  others. 

13.  *»  The  laft  and  greateft  point  was,  that  he  refufed  to 

*'  acknowledge 


J  6  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  t.  rctlc,  without  Iiopc  of  gracc  or  mercy.  All  Clii-i- 
flians,  whether  men  or  women,  and  of  whatever 
degree  or  condition,  were  prohibited  from  afford- 
ing him  any  harbour  or  fuftenance.  It  was  de- 
dared,  that  every  ofEce  of  humanity,  comfort 
and  folacement,  extended  to  him,  fliould  be  confi- 
dered  as  criminal,  and  be  puniihed  with  confifca- 
tions  and  forfeitures  *. 

Progrersof  SiR  Johu  Borthwick,  having  been  apprized  of 
Eution. '  his  danger,  Hed  into  England,  where  he  V\^as  kind- 
ly received  by  Kenry  VIII.  who  employed  him  in 
negociations  with  the  Proteflant  Princes  of  Ger- 
many. Cardinal  Beaton  perceived  with  concern, 
that  this  {lately  a£l  of  feverity  did  not  terrify  the 
people.  Nev/  defections  from  the  church  were  an- 
nounced to  him.  Andrew  Cunningham,  ,fon  to 
the  mailer  of  Glencairn,  James  Hamilton,  bro- 
ther to  Patrick  Hamilton  the  mai-tyr,  and  the  ce- 
lebrated George  Buchanan,  the  hiftorian,  were 
jmprifoned,  upon  fufpicions  of  herccy;  and  if 
they  had  not  found  means  to  efcape,  muil  have 
died  at  the  (lake.  In  this  declining  condition  of 
Popery,  the  Cardinal  held  many  mournful  conful- 

tations 

"  acknowledge  the  authority  of  the  Roman  fee,  or  be  fubjedl 
•*  thei'eunto.''     Hift.  of  the  Church,  p.  70. 

*   Keith,  Appendix,  p.  6,  7,  8. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I7 

tations  with  the  Biiliops.     All  their  intrigues  and     Book  i. 
wifdom  were  employed  to  devife  methods  to  fup- 
port  themfelves.     The  project  of  an  inquifitorial  a  court  of 
court  was  conceived,  and  exhibited  a  diitant  view  isprojeded, 
of  the  extirpation  of  heretics.     To  erecl  this  tri- 
bunal, they  allured  James  V.  with  the  hopes  of 
the  confifcations  and  fpoils,  which  might  enrich 
him,  from  the  perfecution  and  the  puniiliment  of 
the  Reformed.     He  yielded  himfelf  to  their  foli- 
citations,  and  gave  them  the  fanftion  of  his  au- 
thority. 

A  FORMAL  commiflion  was  granted,  conflitu-  sir  jan-.es 

f.    .  .  r         1  ■  1  •      Hamilton  ;s 

ting  a  court  or  inquiry  atter  heretics,  and  nomi-  appointed 

to  prcfidc 

nating  for  its  prefident.  Sir  James  Hamilton  of  in  ic. 
Fennard,  natural  brother  to  the  Eaid  of  Arran. 
The  ofilcious  afTiduity  of  this  man,  his  ambition, 
and  his  thirft  of  blood,  were  acceptable  in  a  high 
degree  to  the  clergy  ;  and  to  this  bad  eminence 
their  recommendation  had  promoted  him.  Upon 
the  flightefl  fufpicion  he  was  allowed  to  call  any 
perfon  before  him,  to  fcrutinize  into  his  creed, 
and  to  abfolve  or  to  condemn  him.  A  tribunal 
fo  dreadful  could  not  have  found  a  director  more 
fuited  to  it.  He  v/as  in  hafte  to  fill  the  prifons 
of  the  kingdom  with  culprits,  and  was  marking 
down  in  lifts  the  names  of  all  thofe  to  whom  he- 
1)    ■  refy 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  I.  refy  was  imputed  by  popular  report,  and  whom 
the  arts  of  malicious  men  had  reprefented  as  the 
objefts  of  correction  and  punifliment.  But,  while 
he  was  brooding  over  mifchief,  and  multiplying 
in  fancy  the  triumphs  of  his  wickednefs,  an  un- 
expefted  turn  of  affairs  prefented  him  in  the  light 
of  a  criminal,  and  conduced  him  to  the  fcaffold. 

Is  accufed         The  brotlicr  of  Mr  Hamilton  the  martyr,  to 

of  trealbn, 

and  cxecu-  avoid  perfccution,  had  been  obliged  to  go  into 
baniiliment  j  but,  by  the  interceflion  of  his 
friends,  he  was  permitted  to  return  for  a  lliort 
time  to  his  own  country,  that  he  might  regulate 
the  affairs  of  his  family.  He  was  connefted  with 
Sir  James  Hamilton  ;  and,  trufting  to  the  ties  of 
blood,  ventured  to  prolong  his  Hay  beyond  the 
period  allotted  to  him.  This  trefpafs  was  trivial. 
Sir  Jam.es  Hamilton,  however,  being  willing  to 
give  a  fignal  example  of  feverity,  and  by  this 
means  to  ingratiate  himfelf  the  more  with  the 
priefthood,  took  the  refoliition  to  make  his  own 
relation  the  iirfl  vi6lim  of  his  power.  Mr  Hamil- 
ton, attentive  to  his  perfonal  fecurity,  and  not 
unacquainted  with  the  moft  private  machinations 
of  this  inquifitor,  difpatched  his  fon  to  the  King, 
who  was  about  to  pafs  the  Forth  in  a  barge,  and 
intrealed  hun  to  provide  for  liis  fafety,  as  Sir 

James 


OF    JIELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I9 

James  Hamilton  liad  confpired  with  the  lioufe  of  book  r. 
Douglas  to  alTalTmate  him.  James  V.  being  at  ^-*"v"* 
variance  with  the  houfe  of  Douglas,  had  reafons 
of  fufpicion,  and  was  difpofed  to  believe  every- 
thing that  is  mofl  flagitious  of  Sir  James  Plamilton, 
He  inftru^ed  the  young  gentleman  to  go  with  ex- 
pedition to  Edinburgh,  and  to  open  the  matter 
to  the  privy  council ;  and  that  he  might  be  treat- 
ed with  the  greater  refpefl:,  he  furniflied  him 
with  the  ring  which  he  was  accudomed  to  fend 
to  them  upon  thofe  important  occafions  which  re- 
quired their  addrefs  and  activity.  Sir  James  Ha- 
milton was  apprehended  and  imprifoned.  An 
accufation  of  having  devifed  and  attempted  the 
King's  death  at  different  times,  was  preferred  a- 
gainft  him.  His  defence  appeared  to  be  weak 
and  unfatisfa£lory.  A  jury,  which  confifled  of 
men  of  rank  and  character,  pronounced  him  guil- 
ty ;  and,  being  condemned  to  fuffer  the  death  of 
a  traitor,  he  loH  his  head,  and  the  quarters  of 
his  body  were  expofed  upon  the  gates  of  the  city 
of  Edinburgh.  The  clergy,  who  could  not  pre- 
vent his  trial  and  execution,  regretted  his  death, 
but  did  not  think  of  appointing  a  fuccellbr  to  him 
in  their  court  of  inquifitlon  *. 

D  2  While 


♦  Buchanan,  Hifl.  Rcr.  Scot.  lib.  xir.     Drummond, 
Hifl.of  James  V. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORM.ATION 


Book  I. 


While  the  Reformation  -was  advancino-  in 
Scotland,  from  the  courage  and  perfeverance  of 
its  teachers,  and  from  the  propriety  of  its  doc- 
trines, when  compared  with  the  abfurdities  of 
Popery,  it  received  fome  countenance  from  a- 
broad,  by  the  negociations  of  Henry  VIII. — 
This  magniiicent  Prince,  when  he  refoiVed  to  dif- 
claim  the  authority  of  the  Pope,  and  to  polTefs 
himfelf  of  the  ample  revenues  of  the  clergy,  had 
exhorted,  in  an  earnefc  manner,  his  nephew, 
James  V.  to  adopt  his  fentiments.  After  effec- 
tuating the  deflru^lion  of  the  monafteries,  he  be- 
came more  eager  to  acquire  the  Scottifli  monarch 
to  his  party,  and  to  prevent  his  coalition  with 
the  Pope  and  the  Em.peror  Charles  V.  Hence, 
before  the  death  of  James  Beaton,  Archbifliop  of 
St.  Andrev/s,  he  had  fent  into  Scotland,  as  his 
ambaiTador,  Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  a  niiniiler  of  abi- 
lity. His  inftruftions  were,  to  attempt  the  dif- 
grace  of  Cardinal  Beaton,  whom  he  could  not 
hope  to  gain  over  from  Popery,  and  who  was 
attached  to  Francis  I.  from  whom  he  had  recei- 
ved tlie  Bifliopric  of  Mirepoix,  and  to  Paul  III. 
by  whom  he  had  been  advanced  to  the  dignity  of 
Cardinal.  Hints  were  to  be  communicated  to 
jamcs  V.  that  this  ambitious  ecclefiaftic  was  ab- 
jeftly  devoted  to  the  interefts  of  France  and  Rome, 

and 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  21 

and  that  he  meant  to  unite  in  his  perfon  the  tem-  ^^  ,y  j^ 
poral  power  and  the  fpiritual  jurifdiclion.  Tae  '-*^'~*J 
wants  and  ambition  of  James  were  to  be  attacked 
by  a  difplay  of  the  riches  of  the  abbeys  and  reli- 
gious houfes,  which  might  be  annexed  to  his  re- 
venue. The  hope,  that  Kenry  might  appoint 
him  his  fucceiTor,  in  the  event  of  the  death  of 
Edward  Prince  of  Wales,  was  to  be  infiimated 
into  his  thoughts,  and  to  be  fofcered  with  art. 
A  trial  of  his  aifedion  for  his  uncle  was  to  be 
made,  by  infifting  on  the  rumours  which  prevail- 
ed, that  the  Pope,  the  Emperor,  and  the  King 
of  France,  were  to  invade  England  ;  and  by 
mentioning  a  fufpicion  v/nich  had  gone  abroad, 
that  James  was  hirafelf  to  favour  their  operations. 
In  fine,  Henry,  thinking  that  he  would  be  able 
to  complete  in  perfon  the  impreffions  to  be  made 
by  his  ambalTador,  inflru(Pi.ed  him  to  requen  an 
interviev/  with  James  at  York,  where  they  might 
finally  conclude  upon  the  meafures  which  were 
raofl  conducive  to  their  mutual  interefts  and  fecu- 
rity  *. 

Si  R  Ralph  S ADL E  R  afled  his  part  v.'i th  addrefs ;  The  clergy 
and  James,  flattered  by  the  advances  of  fo  power-  vlcw.iof 

^  ,    IlcnryVlir. 

fui 
Sailer,  Letters  and  Negociations,  p.  4,  21. 


22  HISTOP.Y    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

•     •    •  ^- 

BooK  I.  ful  an  ally,  was  difpofed  to  meet  Henry  at 
-''^~"  York,  and  gave  his  promife  to  that  purpofe. — 
The  clergy,  however,  who  faw  nothing  but  ruin 
in  an  union  which  was  to  be  cemented  by  the  o- 
verthrow  of  Popery,  employed  every  expedient 
to  prevent  it.  Cardinal  Beaton  had  recommend- 
ed himfelf  fo  efFeftually  to  his  fovereign,  that  the 
attachment  entertained  for  him  was  not  to  be  flia- 
ken.  The  Bifliops  joined  their  influence  to  his  ; 
and  they  all  concurred  in  reprefenting  to  James 
the  dangers  of  innovation,  aud  the  fpirit  of  infta- 
bility  and  caprice  that  would  arife  in  the  people, 
from  giving  way  to  the  current  of  their  humours. 
They  urged,  that  a  facility  in  facrificing  the  ec- 
ciefiaflical  rights  and  authority,  would  invite  the 
fa£tious  to  attempts  upon  the  civil  power  and  the 
royal  prerogatives.  The  nobility,  they  faid,  were 
devouring,  in  fancy,  the  fpoils  of  the  church,  and 
were  courting  an  independency  that  might  endan- 
ger the  crown.  A  prompt  feverity,  and  a  firm- 
nefs  of  purpofe,  they  conceived,  were  fufficient 
to  reftrain  the  defires  of  the  multitude,  and  to 
to  check,  by  degrees,  the  ferocity  of  the  Reform- 
ed. They  defcribed  the  fluftuating  councils  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  the  impropriety  of  trufting  to 
a  prince  who  was  the  fport  of  his  paflions.  They 
intreated  liim  to  call  to  remembrance,  that  the 

people 


OF    RELIGION    IN  SCOTLAND.  2J 

people  of  England  were  the  ancient  and  the  natu-  book  i. 
ral  enemies  of  his  nation ;  and  they  aiked  him,  if  he  '""^ 
was  to  forfeit,  for  them,  the  friendfliip  of  France, 
with  which  his  country  had  been  connected  in  an 
old  and  afFe^lionate  alliance,  and  to  expofe  him- 
felf  to  the  rage  of  the  Pope  and  the  Emperor. — 
To  give  flrength  to  thefe  arguments,  they  offer- 
ed to  him  a  yearly  penfion  of  fifty  thoufand  crowns ; 
and  they  alTured  him  that  one  hundred  thoufand 
more  fliould  be  lodged  anually  in  his  exchequer, 
from  the  perfecution  of  heretics.  Mary  of  Lorraine, 
the  daughter  of  Claude,  the  firft  Duke  of  Guife, 
the  new  Queen,  acceded  to  fentiraents  which  it 
was  natural  to  her  to  adopt.  She  v/as  in  the 
bloom  of  youth  and  beauty,  and  all  her  addrefs 
was  exerted  to  affifl  the  reprefentations  of  the 
prieflhood.  King  James  allowed  himfelf  to  be  o- 
vercome :  he  declined  to  go  to  York,  where  Hen- 
ry arrived  at  the  appointed  time,  to  hold  the  con-  September 
ference  they  had  projected ;  and,  in  apology  for 
this  weaknefs  of  behaviour,  he  aifefled  the  con- 
trolling necelTity  of  high  and  important  bufmefs  *. 


*  Lord  Herbert,  life  and  reign  of  Henry  VIIL  ap.  Ken- 
net,  voU  n.  p.  2  22.  Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer.  iScot.  lib.  xi?. 


24  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  It  was  with  the  utmofl  indignation  that  the 
Scottifli  nobles  confidered  the  pufillanimity  of  their 
fovereign ;  it  was  with  the  utmofl  fcorn  that  thev 
bore  the  conlidence  which  he  repofed  in  Cardinal 
Beaton  and  the  prelates ;  it  was  with  the  utmofl 
abhorence  that  they  beheld  the  cruelties  exercifed 
againfl  the  Ref^ormed.  The  different  orders  of 
the  flate  were  convulfed  with  animdfities.  Tlie 
King  dreaded  that  the  nobility  were  in  the  interefts 
of  Henry  VIII.  The  nobility  dreaded  that  the 
King  had  confpired  their  deflru£l:ion.  The  clergy 
were  ready  to  facrifice  the  peace  of  their  country, 
and  every  thing  that  was  mofl  facred,  to  Popery^ 
and  their  own  importancco 

Henry  Th£  rcfentmcnt  of  Henry  VIII.  for  the  affront 

commences  i  •        -i        t  t  -i  t      •        r  i 

hoftiiitics     put  upon  hnn  by  James,  did  not  admit  or  any  al- 

■with    Scot-    ,       .      .  TT-1  Ml  •  r   1 

land.  ieviation.      While  lie  was  preparing  a  powerful 

army  to  chaflize  him,  he  commanded  incurfions 
to  be  made  into  the  borders  of  Scotland,  and  or- 
dered his  fleet  to  make  prizes  of  the  Scottifh  fliips 
in  their  harbours,  and  at  fea.  James  difpatched 
George  Gordon,  Earl  of  Huntley,  to  prote£l  the 
frontier  provinces,  and  gave  orders  to  Sir  James 
Learmont  to  treat  with  Henry  for  terms  of  accom- 
modation, or  to  gain  time  by  amufing  him.  Sir 
Robert  Bowes,  with  three  thoufiuid  men,  and  af- 
filed 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  25 

filled  by  the  Earl  of  Angus,  and  Sir  George  Dou-  book  i. 
glas  his  brother,  penetrated  into  Scotlnad,  and  '■"  -* 
committed  fpoil  and  devaftation  werever  lie  march- 
ed. The  Earl  of  Huntley  encountered  him  at 
Haldenrig,  and  the  Lord  Hume  advancing  with 
four  hundred  frefli  lances,  the  Engliili  forces  tvere 
thrown  into  confufion  and  difcomfited.  Few  were 
killed ;  but  fix  huiidred  prifoners  were  taken,  and 
among  thefe  Sir  Robert  Bowes,  Sir  William  Mou- 
bray,  and  James  Douglas  of  Parkhead  *. 

An  army,  which,  according  to  the  Eiiglifli  hif-  Military  o- 
torians  confifled  of  twenty  thoufand  men,  was  ap- 
proaching in  the  mean  while  towards  Scotland, 
under  the  direftion  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.  It 
paffed  the  Tweed,  and  deftroyed  fome  hamlets. 
James  reinforced  the  Earl  of  Huntley,  and  placing 
himfelf  at  the  head  of  thirty  thoufand  combatants, 
prepared  to  give  battle  to  the  Engliili  command-  o<aober 
er.  But  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  being  apprehen- 
five  of  this  force,  or  being  in  want  of  provifions, 
or  becaufe  the  feafon  was  far  advanced,  recrolTed 
the  Tweed,  and  led  back  his  troops.  The  Scot- 
tifli  army,  waiting  his  movements,  and  expelling 
his  march  to  Edinburgh,  Irad  encamped  at  Fala- 
E  Moor ; 

*  Drummond,  Hid.  of  James  V. 


154a. 


iS  HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  Moor ;  and  while  it  was  in  this  flation,  the  nobi- 

154a,  lity  conceived  the  proje£l  of  putting  to  death  thofe 

cyTthe"'  courtiers  and  ilatefmen  who  had  encouraged  the 

camp'.toput  King  to  take  exceptions  againft  their  order.     But 

to  death  ...  PI  .  ^ 

Hie  King's    while  many  ot  them  were  anxious  to  lave  particu- 
lar friends  and  relations,  the  obnoxious  perfons 
made  their  efcape  ;  and  the  jealoufies  which  be- 
fore were  fo  high,  were  ftill  farther  inflamed  by 
a  turbulence  fo  fierce  and  ungovernable.     To  a 
nobility  agitated  with  domellic  grievances,  the  re- 
treat of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  communicated  no 
military  impatience  and  ardour.     It  was  in  vain 
that  the  King  urged  them  to  feek  glory  and  re- 
venge, by  purfuing  him,  and  carrying  their  ftand- 
ards  into  the  country  of  their  enemies.     They  in 
formed  him,  that  they  had  determined  to  fight 
upon  Scottifli  ground,  but  that  they  were  not  in- 
clined to  proceed  into  England,  and  to  urge  per- 
tinacioufly  a  war  which  the  arts  of  the  clergy  had 
produced,  without  the  fpur  and  conflraint  of  flrong 
and  compelling  motives.     The  king,  who  confi- 
dered  himfelf  as  Infulted  by  their  confpiracy  a- 
gainil  his  minillers,  was  filled  with  aflonifliment 
and  indignation  at  their  refufal  to  obey  him.     In 
the  bitternefs  of  his  anger,  he  reproached  them 
with  treachery  and  cowardice  ;   and,  difbanding 
an  army  in  which  he  could  not  confide,  he  hallen- 

ed 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  27 


ed  to  Edinburgh  to  feed  his  dejeftion   and  mc- 


BOOK.    I 


lancholy  *.  ^54». 


marches   to 
England. 


Cardinal  Beaton   was  anxious  about  the  a  Scot- 

tilli  army 

condition  into  which  he  had  brought  his  Sovereign, 
and  dreaded  left  he  fliould  employ  deliberately  his 
underflanding  on  the  flate  of  aifairs.  To  cure 
his  defpondence,  and  to  gratify  his  refentment  a- 
gainfl  England,  a  folemn  council  was  held  ;  and 
the  clergy,  producing  a  regifler  or  roll  of  the 
names  of  three  hundred  and  fixty  perfons  who 
were  heretics,  declared,  that  if  their  perfecution 
and  condemnation  were  permitted,  they  would 
engage  to  fupply  the  charges  of  an  inroad  into 
England.  At  the  fame  time  they  advifed  the 
King  to  alTemble  a  new  army  ;  and  that  no  intelli- 
gence of  his  defign  might  go  to  the  enemy,  they 
propofed,  that  clofe  letters,  inftead  of  an  open  pro- 
clamation, fhould  call  together  the  nobility,  and 
the  inferior  tenants  of  the  crown.  No  projeft 
could  be  more  acceptable  to  James ;  and  he  was 
encouraged  to  it  in  a  more  particular  manner, 
when  he  reflefted  on  the  generofity  of  the  Lord 
Maxwel,  who,  upon  the  late  refufal  of  the  nobi- 
lity to  obey  their  Sovereign,  had  offered. to  take 
E  2  the 

♦  Buchanan,  Hid.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xiv.  Knox,  p.  29. 


2S  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  t.     the  coiTimand  of  ten  thoufand  men,  and  with  this 

ij43.      fmall  force  to  invade  England,  and  to  anfwer  for 

his  fuccefs  with  his  Hfe.     The  Earls  of  Caffilis 

and  Glencairn,  the  Lords  Maxwel,  Fleming,  So- 

•     merville,  and  Erfkine,  with  a  great  number  of 

private  gentlemen,  collecting  their  relations  and 

vaffals,  put  themfelves  in  motion.     Sir  Thomas 

Wharton,  the  warden  of  the  northern  marches  of 

England,  gathered  in  hajfte  what  troops  he  could  5 

and  was  fupported  by  Sir  William  Mufgrave,  and 

Dacres,  captains  of  valour  and  experience.     At 

The  rout  of  Solway  Mofs  the  two  armies  came  in  fight  of  each 

Solway 

Mofi,  Other.  Conducing  his  troops  to  an  advantageous 
ground,  the  Engliili  commander  ranged  them  in- 
to a  battahon.  The  Scottifti  nobles  demanded  to 
know,  by  whom  they  were  to  be  led  on  to  battle. 
Oliver  Sinclair,  a  fonofthe  family  of  Roiline,  and 
the  favourite  of  the  King  and  Cardinal,  feated 
on  crofs  pikes,  and  fuftained  upon  the  llioulders 
of  foldiers,  was  fliown  to  them  as  their  general. — 
Filled  with  anger  at  the  promotion  of  a  perfon  fo 
much  inferior  to  them,  they  refufed  to  perform 
iheir  duty.  An  univerfal  difiatisfaftion  fpread  it- 
felf  through  the  ranks.  The  Lord  Maxwel,  who 
expe£led  to  have  been  appointed  to  the  command 
of  this  army,  employed  himfelf  with  anxiety  to 
ibfler  the  mutiny.  Sir  Thomas  AVhartgn  took  ad- 
vantage 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  2g 

vantage  of  diforders  from  which  he  had  every     bookl 
thing  to  hope.     He  advanced  to  the  attack,  com-  ^^/^ 
manding  his  army  to  make  a  general  fliout.     This 
movement  added  to  the  confufion  of  the  Scottifli 
forces.     No  refinance  was  made.     Men  of  hioh. 

o 

rank,  as  well  as  the  common  foldiers,  were  for- 
ward to  furrender  themfelves  to  the  enemy.  A 
great  booty  was  taken  in  horfes,  artillery  and  bag- 
gage. Overcome  by  difcontent,  difappointment, 
and  rage,  a  powerful  army  gave  away  the  honour 
of  their  nation,  and  their  own,  to  a  handful  of  raw 
and  undifciplined  foldiers  *. 

King  James,  indulging  in  hopes,  waited  with  jJ^Jlf  3^^*^' 
impatience  to  hear  the  fuccefs  of  his  troops.  An  ^«^"hof 
event  fo  uncommon,  and  fo  difgraceful,  flruck 
him  with  inexpreffible  amazement.  Sufpicions 
of  his  nobility  augmented  his  diflrefs.  Burning 
with  fliame,  convulfed  v/ith  anger,  and  tortured 
with  fears,  he  felt  the  fury  of  the  moil  unhappy 
paflions.  No  confolations  could  afford  him  any 
relief ;  no  remedy  could  be  pointed  out  to  re- 
trieve the  wretchednefs  of  his  fortune.  He  fled 
from  his  capital,  to  bury  himfelf  in  the  palace  of 
Falkland.     The  agitations  of  his  mind  affecfled 

his 


*  Buchanan  Hift.  Rer.    Scot.    lib.  xiv.     Lord  Her- 
bert, ap.  Kennct,  p.  233. 


Bon  !. 


30  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

his  body  •,  his  ftrength  was  wafted  with  continual 
anxieties  and  cares.  Even  the  prefence  of  his 
domcdics  difturbed  him.  His  fufferings  during 
the  day  received  no  abatement  in  the  night ;  his 
fleep  was  unquiet,  his  dreams  frightful.  Ab- 
Haining  from  food,  he  fixed  himfelf  in  his  bed, 
a  devoted  vidim  to  anguifli  and  defpair.  In  this 
miferable  condition  the  news  arrived,  that  the 
Queen  was  fafely  delivered  at  Linlithgow.  .  A 
gleam  of  joy  broke  in  upon  him ;  for  his  fons 
James  and  Arthur  were  already  dead.  But  be- 
ing told  that  this  child  was  a  daughter,  he  turned 
his  face  from  the  unwelcome  meffenger,  and  ex- 
claimed,—" This  kingdom,  which  came  by  a 
*'  woman,  Vv-ill  go  with  one.  Many  miferies 
"  wait  upon  it.  Henry  will  win  it  by  marriage, 
"  or  make  it  his  ov/n  by  arras."  Soon  after  he 
had  uttered  thefe  words,  he  expired  *. 


Hischarac-       Tames  V.  v.'ith  a  viGjorous  conftitution,  and 

ter.  *'^  . 

great  advantages  of  perfon,  had  a  mind  turned 
for  affairs,  and  ingenious.  He  had  fludied  the 
laws  of  his  nation,  and  he  diftributed  juftice  with 
a  ftricl  impartiality.  He  promoted  new  manufac- 
tures, 

*  Drl'mmond,  Hill,  of  James  V.     Spoifwood,  p.  71. 
Knox,  p.  33,  34,  sr. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  3 1 

tures,  and  invited  foreign  artincers  to  refide  in 
'  his  kingdom.  None  of  his  fubje<fl:3  were  refufed 
accefs  to  him  ;  and  he  was  able  to  maintain  a  fa- 
miliarity with  them  without  lofing  his  dignity. 
His  munificence  and  liberality  were  exerted  with 
a  proper  attention  to  his  revenues.  Though  his 
education  had  been  negle<fled,  he  was  an  encou- 
rager  of  learning.  Fond  of  pleafure,  and  prodigal 
of  his  love,  many  women  of  rank  were  feduced 
by  him  to  admit  his  addrefTes.  Of  his  nobility 
he  was  jealous  without  fulEcient  grounds ;  and 
when  they  offended  him,  his  revenge  was  cruel 
and  impolitic.  But  his  greatefl  fault  was  the  re- 
fpect  he  entertained  for  Cardinal  Beaton  and  the 
clergy.  Though  moderate,  and  even  carelefs  in 
his  religious  principles,  he  adopted  their  intole^ 
rant  fpirit,  and  forgot  that  a  good  Sovereign  will 
not  perfevere  in  fupporting  ancient  fyftems  of 
theology,  when  they  have  become  too  grofs  and 
abfurd  for  the  undei-ftandings  of  his  p.eople. 

The  death  of  James  was  an  afflifting  event,  state  of  af- 
and  feemed  a  prelude  to  new  calamities.     Mary,  the  derth'of 
his  infant  daughter,  fucceeded  to  his  kingdom     """' 
and  his  misfortunes.     Many  of  the  nobility  had 
been  taken  at  Solway  Mofs,  and  were  prifoners 
in  London ;  thofe  who  remained  at  home  were 

faftious 


33  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

fa^Hous  and  turbulent.  Cardinal  Beaton  was 
eager  to  retain  his  power,  and  to  augment  it. — 
Popery  and  the  Reformed  religion  were  flruggling 
for  the  fuperiority,  and  exciting  commotions. — 
An  unnecelTary  and  fuccefslefs  war  with  England 
had  difpirited  the  nation ;  and  Henry  VIII.  was 
ftimulated  with  the  glory  of  adding  Scotland  to 
his  dominions. 


Cardinal  No  flcps  for  thc  futurc  fecuHty  of  his  kingdom 

fumes  the    had  bccH  taken  by  King  James  before  his  death* 
and  lofes  it.  But,  by  a  teflimentary  deed  which  the  Cardinal 

It  is  confer- 

red  upon     had  forgcd  in  the  name  of  his  Sovereign  *,  he 

tha  Earl  of 

Arran.  was  appointed  tutor  to  the  Queen,  and  governor 
of  the  realm,  and  three  of  the  principal  nobility 
were  named  to  a£l  as  his  counfellors  in  the  admi- 
niftration  f.  To  give  weight  to  an  inflirument  fo 
favourable  to  his  fchemes,  it  was  proclaimed  pub- 
licly by  his  order  ;  and  upon  this  authority  he 
intruded  himfelf  into  the  regency.  The  nobility, 
and  the  people,  however,  calling  in  quellion  the 
authenticity  of  this  deed,  which  he  could  not  e- 

flablifli, 

*  "  He  did  counterfeit  the  late  King's  teftament ;  and 
**  when  the  King  was  even  alraoft  dead,  he  took  his  hand 
*•  in  his,  and  fo  caufed  him  to  fabfcribe  a  blank  paper."— 
Sir  R.  Sadler's  Letters  and  Negociations,  p.  i6i. 

f  Ths  Earls  of  Huntley,  Argyle,  and  Arran. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  33 

■ VI    ■■■■■i.  iwwi        I  as 

ftablifli,  and  being  defirous  to  give  a  check  to  his  book  r. 
enterprifing  temper,  he  was  degraded  from  the  ^"TJJa!^ 
dignity  he  had  alTumed ;  and  the  eftates  of  the 
kingdom  advanced  into  the  regency  James  Ha- 
milton, Earl  of  Arran,  whom  they  judged  to  be 
intitled  to  this  diflin6lion,  as  the  fecond  perfon  in 
the  kingdom,  and  the  nearefl  heir,  after  Mary, 
to  the  crown  *. 

The  difgrace  of  Cardinal  Beaton  might  have  hu  charac* 
proved  the  deftruftion  of  his  party,  if  the  Earl  of 
Arran  had  been  endowed  with  vigour  of  mind 
and  ability.  But  nature  had  not  qualified  him 
for  a  high  and  difficult  flation.  His  foul  had  a 
womanifli  fenfibility  and  foftnefs.  He  was  unfit 
for  the  buflle  of  bufinefs,  and  the  ardour  of  tur- 
bulent times.  His  views  were  circumfcrlbed  ; 
and  he  did  not  compenfate  for  this  defeft  by  any 
firmnefs  of  purpofe.  He  was  too  indolent  to  gain 
partizans,  and  too  irrefolute  to  fix  them.  Slight 
difficulties  filled  him  with  embarraffiuent,  and 
great  ones  overpowered  him.  His  enemies  ap- 
plying themfelves  to  the  feverifti  timidity  of  his 
difpofition,  betrayed  him  into  weaknefies ;  and 
F  the 


*  Regist.  Pari.  EpllL  Regum  Scotoruro,  Appendix,  val. 
ii.  p.  308. 


34        hiStorV  of  the  reformation 

'  '        I  I     "  "  — ^ 

Book  t.     the  efleem  which  his  gentlenefs  had  procured  him 

"■^aTj      in  private  life,  was  lofl  in  the  contempt  attending 

his  public  conduft,  which  was  feeble,  fluftuating, 

and  inconfiflent. 

Proa;reri  of      Xhe  attachment  which  the  Regjent  was  known 

the  Rcfor-  ^ 

maticn.  to  profefs  for  the  new  opinions,  drew  to  him  the 
love  of  the  people  ;  his  high  birth,  and  the  mild- 
nefs  of  his  virtues,  conciliated  their  refpe£l ;  and 
fi-om  the  circumflance,  that  his  name  was  at  the 
head  of  the  roll  of  heretics  which  the  clergy  had 
prefented  to  the  late  King,  a  fentiment  of  tender- 
nefs  was  mingled  with  his  popularity.  His  con- 
diift  correfponded,  at  firft,  with  the  impreffions 
entertained  in  his  favour.  Thomas  Guillame, 
and  John  Rough,  two  celebrated  preachers,  were 
invited  to  live  in  his  houfe  ;  and  he  permitted 
them  to  declaim  openly  againil  the  errors  of  the 
church  of  Rome.  They  attacked  and  expofed 
the  fupremacy  of  the  Pope,  the  worlliip  of  images, 
and  the  invocation  of  faints.  Cardinal  Beaton 
and  the  prelates  were  infinitely  difcontented,  and 
indefatigably  a£live  to  defend  the  ellabliihed  doc- 
trines* 

This  public  fan^tion  afforded  to  the  Reforma- 
tion was  of  little  confequence,  however,  when 

compared 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  35 

compared  with  a  meafure  which  was  foon  after    bq^k  f. 
adopted  by  Robert  Lord  Maxwel.     He  propofed,  ^"^^J^T^ 
that  the  hberty  of  reading  the  Scriptures  in  the  turcslre^" 
vulgar  tongue  fliould  be  permitted  to  the  people  ;  Jo  be  read 
and  that,  for  the  future,  no  heretical  guilt  flaould  gj  ioJguc. 
be  inferred  againfl:  any  perfon  for  having  them  in 
his  polTelTion,  or  for  making  ufe  of  them.     The 
Regent  and  the  three  eflates  acknowledged  the 
propriety   of    this   propofal.       Gavin   Dunbar, 
Archbifliop  of  Glafgow,  and  Chancellor  ot  Scot- 
land, protelted,  indeed,  for  himfelf  and  for  the 
church,  that  no  a£l  on  this  fubjeft  fliould  pafs  and 
be  effeftual,  till  a  provincial  council  of  all  the 
clergy  of  the  kingdom  fliould  confider  and  deter- 
mine, whether  there  was  a  necefllty  that  the  peo- 
ple fliould  confult  and  ftudy  the  Scriptures  in  the 
vulgar  tongue.     But  his  protefliation  being  difrc- 
garded,  the  bill  of  the  Lord  Maxwel  was  carried 
into  a  law,  and  the  Regent  made  it  generally 
known  by  a  proclamation  *, 

From  this  period,  copies  of  the  Bible  were 

imported  in  great  numbers  from  England ;  and 

men,  allured  by  an  appeal  fo  flattering  to  their 

reafon,  were  proud  to  recover  from  the  fupine 

F  2  ignorance 

,T!T.,r  .■....'  ■ .      -m 

*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  I. 


36  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATIOIsT 

ignorance  in  which  they  had  been  kept  by  an  art- 
ful prieflihood.  To  read  became  a  common  ac- 
compHfliment ;  and  books  were  multiplied  in  every 
quarter,  which  difclofed  the  pride,  the  tyranny, 
and  the  abfurdities  of  the  Romiili  church  and  fu- 
perllitions*. 


1543-  The  death  of  James  V.  and  the  birth  of  his 

New  in- 
trigues of     daughter,  were   events   extremely  favourable   to 

HenryVlir,  .  . 

to  promote  the  poHtical  defigns  of  Henry  VIII.  and,  putting 
mation,  an  end  to  hoflilities,  he  engaged  the  Regent  in 
quite  the     important  ne^ociations.     He  concerted  the  union 

fuperioriry  *  ° 

over  Scot-  of  the  two  kingdoms,  in  the  marriage  of  his  fon 
Edward  Prince  of  Wales  with  the  CJueen  of  Scots. 
To  the  Scottilh  noblemen  who  were  made  pri- 
foners  at  Solway  Mofs,  he  communicated  this 
projcifl: ;  and  gaining  them  by  civilities  and  pen- 
fions,  made  them  promife  upon  oath,  not  only 
to  concur  in  promoting  this  alliance,  but  to  en- 
deavour to  procure  to  him  the  charge  and  cuftody 
of  the  young  Queen,  with  the  government  of  her 
Icingdom,  and  the  polTeflion  of  her  caftles.  They 
were  releafed  accordingly  from  confinement ;  and 
they  confented  to  give  their  fons  and  relations  as 
hoflages,  that  they  fliould  return  to  be  his  pri- 

foners. 


*  S?oTs\vooD,  p.  72.     Knox,  p.  37. 


OF    RELIGION    IN  SCOTLAND.  37 


foners,  if  they  failed  in  accompliftiing  the  purpofes     book'l 
they  had  undertaken.     The  Earl  of  Angus  and      ,^43. 
his  brother,  who  had  been  fifteen  years  in  exile, 
accompanied  them  into  Scotland,    and  brought  . 
letters  from  Henry,  recommending  them  to  the 
reftitution  of  their  honours  and  eftates. 

The  Regent  lent  a  willing  ear  to  perfons  fo 
formidable  from  their  rank  and  importance,  and 
•who  had  an  interefl  to  oppofe  the  meafures  of  the 
party  in  oppofition  to  him.  And,  at  this  time. 
Cardinal  Beaton  was  thrown  into  prifon,  on  the 
pretence  of  being  concerned  with  the  Duke  of 
Guife  in  a  fcherae  hoflile  to  Scotland.  A  meet- 
ing of  the  eftates  was  called  ;  but  though  they 
were  difpofed  to  confent  to  the  marriage  of  their 
Sovereign  with  the  only  fon  of  Henry  VIII.  they 
dilliked  the  conditions  annexed  to  it ;  refufmg  to 
permit  her  removal  into  England,  till  llie  had  at- 
tained her  majority  ;  and  rejecting  with  fcorn  the 
idea  of  giving  the  government  of  her  kingdom, 
and  the  care  of  her  caftles,  to  the  King  of  Eng- 
land. Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  the  Englifh  ambaftador, 
exerted  upon  this  occaiion  all  the  arts  of  a  Ikilful 
and  crafty  ftatefman.  He  alarm.ed  the  fears  of 
the  Regent  by  the  dangers  of  a  war  ;  he  allured 
his  vanity  by  the  hope  of  the  marriage  of  his  fon, 

the 


':8  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  I.  tlic  Lord  Hamilton,  with  King  Heni7's  daughter, 
Ji43-  the  Lady  Elizabeth  ;  and  he  held  out  to  him  the 
fovereignty  of  the  country  beyond  the  Forth,  as 
an  acquifition  within  his  reach.  With  the  Scot- 
tifii  Lords  who  had  fworn  to  aflift  his  mafler,  his 
confultations  were  earneft  and  frequent ;  and 
when  he  defpaired  of  acquiring  the  objefts  of  his 
embafly  by  their  political  influence,  he  endeavour- 
ed to  feduce  them  into  a  confpiracy,  to  convey  into 
England  by  ftratagem,  the  young  Queen  and  Car- 
dinal Beaton  *. 

All  his  intrigues,  however,  were  unfuccefs- 
ful.  The  three  eftates  could  not  be  induced  to 
yield  to  views  which  would  neceffarily  overturn  the 
national  independency  ;  the  Queen  Dowager  and 
the  French  faction  v^'ere  firm  and  powerful ;  the  per- 
fon  of  the  young  Qiveen  was  guarded  with  anxie- 
ty ;  and  the  clergy  exerted  all  their  activity  and 
ftrength  to  defeat  his  operations.  Henry  percei- 
ved the  expediency  of  Q^eparting  from  the  extrava- 
gant conditions  he  had  propofed  ;  and  he  autho- 
rifed  commiiTicners  to  coiifent  to  treaties  of  amity 

and  marriage,  in  the  terms  the  mod  favourable 

to 


*  Sir     Ralph    Sad/.er,    Letters    and    Ncgociationi, 
p.  6^.  260. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  39 

to  him  which  could  be  obtained  from  the  padia-    Book  l 
ment  of  Scotland.  1543. 

The  difficulties  of  negoclation  being  thus  re-  Treaties  o? 

amity  and 

moved,  the  commiffioners  of  England  and  Scotland  marriage. 
were  not  long  in  adjuiling  and  fubfcribing  articles 
of  convention  and  agreement.     It  was  concluded 
in  the  treaty  of  amity,  that  a  firm  peace  and  al- 
liance fhould  take  place  between  the  two  nations ; 
and  that  they  fliould  mutually  defend  and  proteft 
one  another  againfl  every  foreign  invader.     In 
the  treaty  of  marriage  it  was  agreed,  that  the 
Queen  of  Scots  ihould  remain  within  her  own  do- 
minions till  flie  attained  the  tenth  year  of  her  age. 
No  fliare  in  the  government  of  Scotland  was  com- 
municated to  Henry,   and  he  was  invefted  in  no 
charge  of  its  callles.     Six  nobles,  or  their  apparent 
heirs,  were  immediately  to  be  furrendered  to  him, 
in  fecurity  for  the  conveyance  of  the  young  Queeft 
into  England,  and  for  her  marriage  with  Prince 
Edward,  upon  her  reaching  her  tenth  year.     It 
was  alfo  ftipulated,  that  although  the  Queen  fhould 
have  ilTue  by  Prince  Edward,  Scotland  fliould  re- 
tain not  only  its  name,  but  its  laws  and  liber- 
ties *. 

Though 


*  Epist.  Reg.  Scot.  -Appendix,  No.  I.  and  II.  Ryraer, 
Fcedera,  vol.  xiv.  p.  789.  7915. 


40  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.        Though   tlicfe    treaties   included    conditions 
1543-      which  were  infinitely  more  advantageous  to  Scot- 

An  oppofi- 

tionismade  land  tlian  thofe  which  Henry  had  contended  for, 

to  the  Eng;- 

lifhincereft.  yet  they  did  not  give  entire  fatisfadion  to  the  na- 
tion ;  and  the  unfufpe£ting  Regent  had  ftnick  a 
blow  which  was  fatal  to  his  popularity.  His  con- 
duft  did  not  efcape  the  cenfure  of  his  enemies  ;  and 
Cardinal  Beaton,  having  obtained  a  difcharge 
from  confinement,  by  the  influence  of  the  Queen 
Dowager,  embraced  every  oportunity  to  haflen 
his  difgrace.  He  exclaimed  againfl  an  alliance 
which  threatened  to  deilroy  the  independency  of 
an  ancient  and  renowned  kingdom.  He  fofl:er- 
ed  the  natural  animofities  of  the  people,  rouzed 
their  pride,  and  excited  their  apprehenfions.  He 
called  an  aflTembly  of  the  ecclefiallics,  pointed  out 
the  ruin  which  hung  over  the  church,  reprefented 
the  dangers  which  mufl  arife,  not  only  to  their  re- 
venues but  to  their  lives,  from  the  advancement 
of  the  Reformation  ;  and  urged  them  to  unanimi- 
ty and  zeal.  Awakening  all  their  fears  and  felfilli- 
nefs,  they  granted  him  large  fums  of  money,  with 
which  he  might  buy  partizans ;  and  the  friars 
were  inflru^led  to  preach  againll  the  treaties  with 
England,  and  to  invite  the  rage  of  fanatical  men 

to 


OF    RELIGION     IN     SCOTLAND.  41 

to  difplay   itfelf,    in  offering  indignities   to    Sir     Book,  i 
Ralph  Sadler,  the  Engliih  ambaflkdor  *.  1543- 

The  Earls  of  Argyle,  Huntley,  Bothwel,  and  .schemes  to 
Murray,  who  were  all  in  the  French  faftion,  con-  authority  of 
curred  in  oppofing  the  meafures  of  Henry  VIIL    '    '^' 
and  exerted  tliemfelves  to  overturn  the  power  of 
the  Regent.     Upon  the  conclufion  of  the  treaties, 
they  aifiiled  the  Cardinal  to  colleft  troops  ;  and 
with  the  connivance  of  the  C)ueen  Dowager,  poITef- 
fing  therafelves  of  her  perfon,  and  of  that  of  the 
young  Queen,  they  aifefted  to  arrogate  to  thein- 
felves  the  authority  of  government.     By  this  u- 
furpation,  ofconfequence,  by  labouring  to  prevent 
the  ratification  of  the  treaties,  and  by  threatening 
to  depofe  the  Regent,   they   flattered  the  preju- 
dices of  the  nation,  undermined  his  importance, 
and  augmented  their  own. 

Mathew  Stuart,  Earl  of  Lennox,  who  a- 
bout  this  time  arrived  from  France,  upon  the  in- 
vitation of  the  Queen  Dowager  and  the  Cardinal, 
gave  a  new  flrength  to  their  party,  and  a  frefli 
wound  to  the  Earl  of  Arran.  He  brought  with 
him  many  fair  promifes  from  Francis  I.  He  was 
G  made 

*  Buchanan  Hid.    Rer.   Scot.    lib.  .xv.    Spotfwoodj 
p-  73.  XiOrd  Herbert,  ap.  Kennet,  p.  235. 


42  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

made  to  hope  that  he  might  efpoufe  the  Queen 
Dowager,  and  to  obtain  the  regency  of  Scotland  ; 
and  he  was  difpofed  to  confound  the  views  of  the 
Earl  of  Arran,  from  an  ancient  hoftility  which 
had  fubfifled  between  their  famihes,  and  from  a 
claim  he  poffeiTed,  to  fuperfede  him,  not  only  in  the 
enjoyment  of  his  perfonal  ellates,  but  in  the  fuc- 
cpilion  to  the  crown. 

It  was  by  giving  the  alarm  to  the  timorous 
fenfibilities  of  the  Regent,  that  the  Queen  Dowa- 
ger and  the  Cardinal  could  eifeftuate  mod  fecure- 
ly  his  overthrow  ;  and  while  the  power  of  their 
faftion  a£led  openly  to  this  end,  they  were  affifl- 
ed  privately  by  the  agency  of  John  Hamilton,  the 
abbot  of  Paiiley.  This  ecclefiafllc  was  the  natu- 
ral brother  of  the  Regent,  enjoyed  an  extreme  in- 
timacy with  him,  and  was  devoted  to  the  church 
and  to  Cardinal  Beaton.  He  reprefented  to  him, 
that  Henry  VIII.  was  by  no  means  inclined  to  af- 
ford him  any  real  or  folid  fupport  j  and  that  the 
projeft  of  delivering  up  the  young  Queen  to  this 
prince,  while  it  was  odious  to  a  great  number  of 
the  nobles,  was  regarded  with  the  utmofl  detefta- 
tion  by  the  people.  He  pointed  out  the  oppofi- 
tion  and  the  impopularity  to  which  he  was  afli- 
(iuous  to  expofe  himfelf.     He  infifled  upon  the 

claims 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  43 

claims  of  the  Earl  of  Lennox,  and  explained  in  bo"k  f- 
glowing  colours  all  the  force  they  might  acquire  in  1543- 
the  prefent  critical  fituation  of  affairs.  He  urged, 
that  his  praftices  to  forward  the  Reformation  in- 
volved in  them  his  own  ruin,  and  would  terminate 
in  the  utter  extinction  of  his  houfe.  For,  there 
being  a  divorce  in  hi?  family,  and  the  legality  of  it 
depending  upon  the  Papal  authority,  the  deilruc- 
tion  of  Popery  would  not  only  take  away  his  title 
to  his  earldom  and  eflates,  but  his  claim  and  pre- 
tenfions  to  the  crown.  Having  wrought  upon 
his  fears,  the  full  confequence  and  power  of  the 
Queen  Dowager  and  the  Cardinal  were  difplayed 
before  him ;  an  offer  cf  their  friendfliip  was  held  out 
for  his  acceptance  j  and  he  was  informed  and  ad- 
moniflied,  that  by  entering  into  their  meafures, 
he  would  be  enabled  not  merely  to  annihilate  the 
Earl  of  Lennox,  and  to  preferve  his  eftates,  titles, 
and  pretenfions,  but  to  obtain  the  powerful  fup- 
port  of  France,  and  the  fecure  and  uncontrolled 
pofTeflion  of  the  regency. 

The  Earl  of  Arran  conquered  by  the  difficulties  '^^.'^  '"'^''' 

^  •'  lution  and 

of  his  fituation,  was  wiUin^  to  attend  to  the  advances  ^l^'^  "^ . 

'  *="  the  Regent. 

of  the  Queen  Dowager  and  Cardinal  Beaton.  To 

refufe  to  confirm  the  treaties,  after  he  had  brought 

Q  a  them 


44  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

EooK  I.  them  to  a  conclufion,  was,  however,  a  flep  fo  re- 
IJ43.  pugnant  to  probity,  that  he  could  not  be  prevail- 
ed upon  to  adopt  it.  He,  therefore,  in  a  folemn 
manner,  in  the  abbey  church  of  Holyrood-houfe 
executed  their  ratification,  fwore  to  their  obfer- 
vance,  and  commanded  the  great  feal  of  Scotland 
to  be  appended  to  them*.  The  fame  day  in 
which  he  gave  validity  to  the  treaties,  he  went  to 
St  Andrews,  and  iflued  a  mandate  to  the  Cardi- 
nal, requiring  him  to  return  to  the  due  allegiance 
of  a  fubjeft  ;  and  this  prelate  refufing  to  pay  him 
any  attention,  or  to  move  from  his  caflle,  he  de- 
nounced him  a  rebel,  and  threatened  to  compel 
him  to  fubmiffion  by  a  military  force.  But  a  few 
days  after  performing  thefe  actions,  and  difcover- 
ing  this  {how  of  juftice  and  fpirit,  he  met  Cardi- 
nal Beaton  and  the  Earl  of  Murray  at  Calendar  ; 
andjbrfaking  Henry  VIII.  embraced  the  interefls 
of  the  Queen  Dowager  and  France.  Nor  was  this 
all.  He  was  now  in  hafte  to  reconcile  himfelf  to 
the  church  of  Rome  which  he  had  abandoned. — 
He,  accordingly,   renounced  publicly  at  Stirling 

the 

*  Rymer,  Foedcra,  rol.  xv.  p.  4-- 7.  Epift.  Reg.  Scot. 
Appendix,  No.  iii.  3c  iv. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  45 


the  opinions  of  the  Reformed,  and  received  abfo-    Book  i. 


^543. 


lution  from  the  hands  of  the  Cardinal  f. 

A  conduft,  fo  difgraced  with  meanefs  and  incon- 
fiflency,  expofed  the  Regent  to  contempt,  and  left 
him  in  the  keeping  of  his  new  confidants  without 
efteem  and  without  power.  Cardinal  Beaton  was 
in  reality  the  firit  minifler  of  State,  and  the  Ear! 
of  Arran  had  only  the  name  of  authority  and  its 
odium.  The  Earl  of  Lennox,  finding  himfelf  a- 
bufed  by  the  Queen  Dowager  and  her  minifier, 
was  compelled  to  renounce  the  views  which  had 
brought  him  from  France ;  and  yielding  to  his  re- 
fentments,  was  foon  to  engage  in  negociations 
with  Henry  VIII.  to  feize  the  poft  which  the  Re- 
gent ought  to  have  maintained,  to  place  himfelf 
at  the  head  of  the  Scottifh  Lords  who  were  in  the 
Englifli  interefl,  and  to  aflert  the  caufe  of  the  Re- 
formation. A  rupture  with  England  was  una- 
voidable, and  the  difunion  of  the  nobility  gave 
the  promife  of  civil  difcords  and  hoflility. 


While  the  Cardinal  maintained  the  chief  di-  j^^^^^.  ^^^^ 
reftion  of  affairs,  Henry  VIII.   could   not  hope  ^^f^'^'  ^'"' 

for  ^"' 

f  Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  Letters  and  Negociations,  p.  356, 
357.  Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xv.  Spotfwood,  p.  74. 


46  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  for  fuccefs  in  his  views  upon  Scotland.  He,  therc- 
1543-  ^ore,  not  only  delayed,  upon  his  part,  to  ratify 
the  treaties  ;  but  adopting  a  ftrong  meafure,  or- 
dered all  the  Scottifli  lliips  in  the  harbours  of 
England  to  be  taken  and  confifcated.  This  vio- 
lation of  a  peace,  fo  lately  concluded  by  his  com- 
miffioners,  and  upon  the  faith  of  which  the  Scot- 
tifli  merchants  had  entered  his  ports,  inflamed  the 
national  difgufts  againft  the  Englifli  alliance  ;  and 
no  proper  apology  being  made  for  it  by  him,  the 
party  for  the  Queen  Dowager  and  the  Cardinal 
obtained  an  increafe  of  popularity,  and  were  en- 
"-  couraged  to  proceed  in  their  oppofition  to  his  in- 

trigues. After  committing  this  outrage,  he  af- 
fefted  to  demand,  that  the  hoflages,  in  terms  of 
the  treaty  of  marriage,  fliould  be  delivered  up  to 
him.  But  the  Cardinal  and  the  Regent  inform- 
ed Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  that  from  their  own  autho- 
rity they  could  not  command  any  nobles  to  be 
committed  to  him  as  hoftages ;  and,  that  the  of- 
fenfive  flrain  of  behaviour  affumed  by  the  Englifli 
monarch  might  have  altered  the  fentiments  of  the 
Scottilli  parliament  with  regard  to  a  meafure  of 
fuch  importance.  Practices  of  infmcerity  and  dif- 
fmiulation  took  place  upon  either  fide.  Sir  Ralph 
Sadler  even  declared,  that  he  was  not  certain,  whe- 
ther, upon  the  delivery  of  the  hollages,  the  King 

of 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  4/ 


of  England  would  confirm  completely  the  ftlpula-  book  i. 
tions  of  the  treaties.  He  complained  of  the  re-  1543. 
peated  infults  which  had  been  offered  to  his  own 
perfon  ;  and  he  called  upon  all  thofe  of  the  nobi- 
lity who  had  been  prifoners  in  England  to  remem- 
ber their  oaths,  and  to  return  to  London  to  fur- 
render  themfelves  to  Henry  VIII.  The  giddinefs 
and  folly  of  the  common  people  were  urged  as 
the  caufes  of  the  alFronts. which  had  been  put  up- 
on this  ambaffador.  And,  of  the  Scottifli  nobles, 
who  had  been  prifoners  in  England,  Gilbert  Ken- 
nedy Earl  of  Calliiis,  being  alone  faithful  to  his 
engagements,  prefented  himfelf  to  the  King  of 
England  ;  who,  flruck  with  his  punftilious  fenti- 
rcents  of  honour,  loaded  him  wath  gifts,  and  gave 
hira  his  liberty  *. 

'   Cardinal  Beaton  being  in  the  polTeilion  of  Cardinal 

1  r  c  •  fT^i       ^  t  Beaton  ads 

power,  took  mealures  to  lecure  it.  1  he  folemni-  as  nuniftcr. 
ty  of  the  coronation  of  the  young  Queen  was  cele- 
brated at  Stirling.  A  council  was  chofen  to  direft  Promo- 
and  aiTift  the  Regent  in  the  greater  affairs  of  State. 
The  Queen  Dowager  was  at  its  head  j  the  Cardi- 
nal, the  Archbiiliop  of  Glafgow,  and  the  Bidiops 
of  Murray,  Orkney,   Galloway,  and  Dumblane, 

with 


*LoRD  Herbert,  ap.  Kcnnet,  p.  235.  Sir  Ralph  Sad- 
ler, JLiCtters  and  riegociations,  p.  380—388. 


48  HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 


Book  I.  with  the  Abbots  of  Paifley  and  Cowper,  were  the 
1343-  ecclefiaftical  members ;  and  the  temporal  nobility, 
who,  at  firft,  were  appointed  to  aft  in  it,  were 
the  Earls  of  Angus,  Huntley,  Argylc,  Murray, 
Glencairn,  Lennox,  Bothwel,  and  Mariftial.  But 
the  political  views  of  the  Earls  of  Angus,  Glen- 
cairn, Xennox,  and  Mariflial,  not  permitting  them 
to  accept  of  this  honour,  there  were  chofen  in 
their  place  the  Lords  Fleming,  Ruthven,  St  John, 
and  Sir  John  Campbel  of  Calder.  John  Hamil- 
ton, the  Abbot  of  Paiiley,  who  had  acquired  an 
afcendency  over  the  Regent,  was  alfo  promoted 
to  the  privy  feal,  and  made  treafurer  of  the  king- 
dom ;  and  Cardinal  Beaton,  upon  the  requefl:  of 
the  Regent  and  the  three  eftates,  accepted  the  of- 
fice of  Lord  High  Chancellor  f. 

The  Earl  of  After  the  flatteries  and  the  hopes,  with  which 
pofts  the^'  the  Earl  of  Lennox  had  been  amufed,  the  Cardinal 
miu'  had  reafon  to  dread  the  utmoft  warmth  of  his  rc- 
fentment.  He  had  therefore  written  to  Francis  L 
giving  a  detail  of  the  critical  fituation  of  affairs  ia 
Scotland,  and  intreating  him  to  recal  to  France 
the  Earl  of  Lennox,  who  was  now  interefted  to 
oppofc  the  influence  and  operations  of  the  Queen 

Dowager. 

■\  Cr.AwruRD,  Lircs  of  the  Officers  of  State,  p.  80.  376, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  49 

Dowager.  But  the  lively  indignation  with  which  Book  i. 
the  treachery  of  the  Cardinal  had  inflamed  the  1543.- 
Earl  of  Lennox,  precipitated  him  into  immediate 
aftion,  and  defeated  the  intention  of  this  artifice. 
In  the  hoflile  fituation  of  his  mind  towards  Scot- 
land, an  opportunity  of  commencing  hoftilities 
had  prefented  itfelf.  Five  fliips  had  arrived  in 
the  Clyde  from  France,  loaded  with  warlike 
llores  ;  and  having  on  board  the  Patriarch  of  Ve- 
nice, Peter  Contareni,  legate  from  Paul  III.  with 
La  Brofle  and  James  Mefnaige,  ambaffadors  from 
France  ;  and  thirty  thoufand  crowns,  which  were 
to  be  employed  in  flrengthening  the  French  fac- 
tion, and  to  be  diftributed  by  the  Queen  Dowager 
and  the  Cardinal.  Prevailing  with  the  command-^ 
ers  of  thefe  vefTels,  who  conceived  him  to  be  the 
faft  friend  of  their  monarch,  he  fecured  this  mo- 
ney for  his  own  ufe,  and  depofited  the  military 
{lores  in  his  caftle  of  Dunbarton,  under  the  care 
of  George  Stirling,  the  deputy  governor,  who, 
at  this  time,  was  entirely  in  his  intereils  *. 

By  the  fuccefsful  application  of  this  wealth,  the  Levies  an 
Earl  of  Lennox  called  forth  the  full  exertion  of  marches  a- 
his  party  in   levying  a  formidable  army,    with  Regent. 

H  which 

1,  '■,,,■■,,  .^     ■  , 

*  Lesly,  de  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb,  vol  i.  p.  152.— ^ 
5ir  Ralph  Sadler,  Letters  and  Negociations,  p.  $^^^ 


^O  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Boor  T.  which  he  threatened  the  deftruflion  of  the  Regent 
"TJXr*^  ^^^  '^h^  Cardinal,  offering  them  battle  in  the 
fields  between  Leith  and  Edinburgh.  The  Re- 
gent, not  being  in  a  condition  to  a,ccept  the  chal- 
lenge of  his  rival,  had  recourfe  to  negociation. 
Cardinal  Beaton  and  the  Earl  of  Huntley  propo- 
fed  terms  of  amity,  and  exerted  themfelves  Vvith 
fo  much  addrefs,  that  the  Earl  of  Lennox,  lofmg 
the  opportunity  of  chaftifmg  his  enemies,  confent- 
cd  to  an  accommodation,  and  indulged  anew  the 
hope  of  obtaining  the  Queen  Dowager  in  marriage. 
His  army  was  difmifled,  and  he  threw  himfelf  at 
the  feet  of  his  miftrefs.  But  amidft  the  fmiles 
and  attention  with  which  he  was  received  by  the 
Queen  Dowager  and  the  Cardinal,  he  found  in- 
fmcerity  and  danger.  Many  of  his  friends  were 
feduced  from  him  under  different  pretences ;  and 
apprehending  his  total  ruin  from  fome  fecret  en- 
terprize,  he  fled  to  Glafgov/,  and  fortified  himfelf 
in  that  city.  The  Regent,  collefting  an  army, 
marched  againft  him  ;  and  having  defeated  his 
friend  the  Earl  of  Glencairn,  in  a  bloody  encoun- 
ter, was  able  to  reduce  the  place  of  flrength 
in  which  he  confided.  In  this  ebb  of  his  fortune, 
the  Earl  of  Lennox  had  no  hope  but  from  Eng- 
land. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.                51 
-— -  •  '~ 

The  revolution  produced  In  the  political  Hate     Book  i. 
of  Scotland,    by  the  arts  of  Cardinal  Beaton,      1343. 
while  it  defeated  the  intrigues  of  Henry  VTII.  prepares  to 

n      1  r       r    1         petl'ecute 

pointed  all  its  ftrength  againit  the  progrefs  of  the  the  Refor- 

.  .  med. 

Reformation.  After  abandoning  his  old  friends, 
the  Regent,  in  connection  with  the  Cardinal,  was 
ambitious  to  undo  all  the  fervices  he  had  rendered  , 

to  them.  The  three  eflates  annulled  the  treaties 
of  amity  and  marriage,  and  impowered  commlf- 
iioners  to  conclude  an  alliance  with  France  *. — - 
The  Regent  difcharged  the  two  preachers,  Guil- 
lame  and  Rough,  whom  he  had  invited  to  im- 
pugn the  do£lrines  of  the  church.  He  drove 
back  into  England  many  pious  perfons,  whofe 
zeal  had  brought  them  to  Scotland  to  explain  and 
advance  the  new  opinions.  He  careffed,  with 
particular  refpecl,  the  legate  whom  the  Pope  had 
fent  to  difcourage  the  marriage  of  the  young 
Queen  with  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  to  promife 
his  ailiftance  againft  the  enterprizes  of  Henry 
VIII.  He  procured  an  aft  of  Parliament  to  be 
paffed  for  the  perfecution  of  heretics  J,  andj  upon 
the  foundation  of  this  authority,  the  mofl  rigor- 
ous proceedings  were  concerted  againil  the  Re- 
H  2  formed  ; 

*  Epist.  Reg.  Scot.     Appendix,  p.  311.  313. 

X  Epist.  Reg  Scot.     Appendix,  p.  315.  » 


52  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


i5ooKi.     formed;  when  the  arms  of  England,  roufmg  the 
1543'      apprehenfions  of  the  nation,  gave  the  fullefl  em- 
ployment to  the  Regent  and  his  counfellors  *. 

Th'"F"'*i  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  anguifli  of  aifappointed  ambl- 

of  Lennox    j-Jon,  the  Earl  of  Lennox  made  an  offer  to  alTift 

revolts  to  ' 

Henryvin,  th<2  views  of  the  King  of  England  ;  who,  treating 
with  him  as  an  ally,  engaged,  in  the  event  of 
fuccefs,  to  give  him  in  marriage  his  niece,  the 
Lady  Margaret  Douglas,  and  to  invefl  him  in  the 
Regency  of  Scotland.  To  eftabliili  the  Reforma- 
tion in  Scotland,  to  acquire  the  fuperiority  over 
it  to  Henry  VIII.  and  to  effectuate  the  marriage 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales  with  the  Queen  of  Scots, 
were  the  great  obje£ls  of  their  confederacy.  He 
prevailed  with  the  Earl  of  Giencairn  to  be  a  par- 
ty to  this  treaty  ;  and  he  infpirited  in  their  rebel- 
lious principles,  the  Earls  of  Angus  and  CafTiIis, 
with  the  other  Lords  who  were  in  the  interefts  of 
the  Englifli  monarch  f. 


An  Englifli       Henry,  though  engaged  in  a  war  with  France, 
vades  Scot-  which  required  all  his  military  force,  could  not 

land,  ^  ^  .        .      1  • 

refill  the  earlieft  opportunity  in  nis  power  to  exe- 
cute 


*  L?SLY,  de  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb,  p.  152. 153. 
■j-  Rymer,  Pa:d?ra,  vol.  .w.  p.  22—26. 


OF    RELIGION    IN  SCOTLAND. 


cute  his  vengeance  agaiaft  Scotland.  Edward  Book  r. 
Seymour,  Earl  of  Hartford,  was  appointed  to  ~ is'h'^ 
command  ten  thoufand  men,  who  were  embarked 
at  Tinmouth,  aboard  a  fleet  of  two  hundred 
jQiips,  under  the  direftion  of  Sir  John  Dudley, 
Lord  Lifle.  This  army  was  landed  without  op- 
pofition,  near  Leith  ;  and  the  Earl  of  Hartford 
made  it  known  to  Sir  Adam  Otterburn,  the  Pro- 
voil  of  Edinburgh,  that  his  commilTion  impower- 
ed  him  to  lay  the  country  wafle  and  defolate, 
unlefs  the  Regent  fliould  deliver  up  the  young 
Queen  to  the  King  of  England.  It  was  anfwer- 
ed,  that  every  extremity  of  dillrefs  would  be  en- 
dured, before  the  Scottifli  nation  would  fubmit 
to  fo  ignominious  a  demand.  Six  thoufand  horfe 
from  Berwick,  under  the  Lord  Evers,  now  joined 
the  Earl  of  Hartford.  Leith  and  Edinburgh,  af- 
ter a  feeble  refiflance,  yielded  to  the  Englifli 
commander,  who  abandoned  them  to  pillage,  and 
then  fet  fire  to  them.  A  cruel  devaftatlon  enfued 
in  the  furroundiqg  villages  and  country,  and  an. 
immenfe  booty  was  conveyed  on  board  the  Engliih 
fleet.  But,  while  an  extreme  terror  was  every- 
where excited,  the  Earl  of  Hartford  reimbarked 
a  part  of  bis  troops,  and  ordered  the  remainder 
to  march  with  expedition  to  the  frontiers  of  Eng- 
land. 

The 


54  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

isooK  I.         The  Regent,  alTided  by  Cardinal  Beaton,  and 
Ji44-      the  Earls  of  Huntley,    Argyle,   Bothwel,   and 
Murray,  was  active,  in  the  mean  time,  to  coUeft 
an  army,  and  to  provide  for  the  fecurity  of  the 
kingdom.     He  felt,  therefore,  the  greatefl:  fur- 
prife,  on  being  relieved  fo  unexpectedly  from  the 
mofl  imminent  hazard  ;  and  an  expedition,  con- 
du(fled  with  fo  little  difcernment,  did  not  advance 
the  meafures  of  Henry  VIII.     To  accomplifli  the 
marriage  of  the  young  Queen  with  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  to  poffefs  himfelf  of  her  perfon,  or  to  at- 
-chieve  a  conquefl:  over  Scotland,  were  all  circum- 
ftances  apparently  within  the  reach  of  the  Englifli 
commander  ;  and  yet,  in  the  moment  of  viftory, 
he  neglected  to  profecute  his  advantages;   and 
having  inflamed  the  animofities  oT  the  Scottifli 
nation,  by  a  difplay  of  the  paflions  and  cruelty  of 
his  mafter,  left  them  to  recover  from  their  difaf- 
ter,  and  to  improve  in  their  refources  *. 


New  mif.        The  Earl  of  Lennox,  taking  the  opportunity 

the  Earl  of  of  the  Euglifli  fleet,  went  to  confult  with  Henry 

VIII.  upon  the  d-efperate  fl:ate  of  his  affairs.     He 

renewed  his  engagements  with  this  monarch,  and 

received  in  marriage  the  Lady  Margaret  Douglas, 

with 

*  Lord  Herbert,    ap.  Kennet,   p.  243.      Lefly,  dc 
Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb,  p,  \^^,  1^6. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  55 

with  poffelTions  in  England*.  Soon  after,  he  bookl 
arrived  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  with  eighteen  fliips  """TJI^r* 
and  fix  hundred  foldiers,  that  he  might  fecure 
the  caftle  of  Dunbarton,  and  employ  himfelf  in 
committing  fpoil  and  devaflation.  But  George 
Stirling,  to  whom  the  caftle  was  intrufted,  dif- 
daining  his  treachery  to  his  country,  or  gain- 
ed by  his  enemies,  refufed  to  furrender  it,  and 
even  obliged  him  to  reirabark  his  troops. — 
After  engaging  in  a  few  petty  incurfions  and  Ikir- 
millies,  he  returned  to  England,  to  a  melancholy 
and  fuccefslefs  exile  {. 

Upon 


*  Rymer,  Fcsdera,  vol.  xv.  p.  29.  32. 

:}:  It  is  remarkable,  tliat  George  Stirling  of  Glorot,  the 
deputy-governor  of  Dunbarton  caftle,  had  at  this  time  a 
penfion,  during  his  life,  of  one  hundred  marks  fterling,  from 
HcHry  VIII.  Rymer,  vol.  xv.  p.  32.  The  lands  in  Eng- 
land, given  by  Henry  to  the  Earl  of  Lennox  with  the  Lady 
Margaret  Douglas,  v,'ere  of  the  yearly  value  of  feventeen 
hundred  marks  fterling.  Id.  p.  31.  The  Earl  of  Angus 
had  a  penfion  of  lool.  a-month.  Sadler,  Letters  and  Ne- 
gociations,  p.  178.  The  Earl  of  Glencairn  had  a  yearly 
penfion,  during  his  life,  of  250  J.  fterling.  His  fon,  Alex- 
ander Lord  Kilmaurs,  had  an  annuity  of  125  1.  Rymer, 
vol.  XV.  p.  47  The  Lords  Caflilis,  Maxwel,  and  Somer- 
villc,  were  alfo  in  the  pay  of  the  Englifli  mcnarch.     Sadler, 

p.  2JJ, 


56  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


sooK  !.  Upon  crolTmg  the  feas,  to  carry  his  arms  into 
France,  Henry  confented  to  a  truce  ;  and  Scot- 
land, after  having  fufFered  the  miferies  of  war, 
was  fubjecled  to  the  horrors  of  perfecutiori.  The 
Regent  had  procured  an  aft  of  Parliament  for 
the  perfecution  of  the  Reformed  ;  and  the  Car- 
dinal, to  draw  to  himfelf  an  additional  fplendor 
and  power,  had  obtained  from  the  Pope  the  dig- 

1545.  nity  of  legate  a  latere  *.  A  vifitation  of  his  own 
diocefe  appeared  to  him  the  mod  proper  method 
of  commencing  the  propofed  extirpation  of  herefy ; 
and  he  carried  with  him  in  his  train,  the  Regent, 
and  many  perfons  of  diilinftion,  to  afTift  in  his 
judicatories,  and  to  fliare  in  his  difgrace. 

In  the  town  of  Perth,  a  great  many  per- 
fons were  accufed  and  condemned.  The  moft 
trifling  offences  were  regarded  as  atrocious  crimes, 
and  made  the  fubjefts  of  profecution  and  pu- 
nifliment.  Robert  Lamb  was  hanged,  for  af- 
fa-ming  that  the  invocation  of  faints  had  no  merit 

to 


*  Burnet,  Hift.  of  the  Reformation  in  England,  vol.  ii. 
p.  292.  Colledion  of  Records,  p.  271.  A  fimple  legate 
was  an  ambaflador  from  the  Pope,  and  confined  by  particular 
inflruftlons.  The  legate  a  latere  was  always  a  Cardinal, 
and,  next  to  the  Pope,  had  the  fulleft  ecclefiallical  autho- 
rity. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.-  57 


to  fave.  William  Aiiderfon,  James  Reynold,  and  Book  i. 
James  Finlayfon,  fuffered  the  fame  death,  for  15 'J! 
having  abufed  an  image  of  St  Francis,  by  putting 
horns  upon  his  head.  James  Hunter,  having 
kept  their  company,  was  found  to  be  equally 
guilty,  and  puniflied  in  the  fame  manner.  Helen 
Stirke,  having  refufed,  when  in  labour,  to  invoke 
the  affillance  of  the  Virgin,  was  drowned  in  a 
pool  of  water.  Many  of  the  burgelTes  of  Perth, 
being  fufpected  of  herefy,  were  fent  into  banilh- 
ment ;  and  the  Lord  Ruthven,  the  Provoft,  was, 
upon  the  fame  account,  difmiifed  from  his  of- 
fice*. 

The  Cardinal  was  flrenuous  in  perfecutlng  he-  1546. 
refy  in  other  parts  of  his  diocefe.  But  the  dif-  and^coT- 
contents  and  clamour  attending  the  executions  of  ofGeMge 


men  of  inferior  ftation  were  now  lofljn  the  fame 
of  the  martyrdom  of  George  Wifliart ;  a  perfon 
who,  while  he  was  refpe^lable  by  his  birth,  was 
highly  eminent  from  the  opinion  entertained  ot 
his  capacity  and  endowments.  The  hiftorians  ot 
the  Proteftaat  perfuafion  have  fpoken  of  this  Re- 
former in  terms  of  the  higheil  admiration.  They 
extol  his  learning  as  extenfive,  infill  on  the  ex- 
I  treme 

•  BuCHANAS,  Hift.  I^sr.  Scot.  lib.  X7.    Spotfwood,  p.  75. 


Wilhart. 


58  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

treme  candour  of  his  difpofition,  and  afcribe  to 
him  the  utmofl  purity  of  morals.  But  while  the 
ftrain  of  their  panegyric  is  expofed  to  fufpicion 
from  its  excefs,  they  have  ventured  to  impute  to 
him  the  fpirit  of  prophefy ;  and  the  impartiaUty 
of  hiftory  is  forced  to  receive  their  eulogiums 
with  fome  abatement.  It  may  be  fufEcient  to  af- 
firm, that  Mr  Wiflaart  was  the  moft  eminent 
preacher  who  had  hitherto  appeared  in  Scotland. 
He  was  certainly  cultivated  by  retlcftion  and  flu- 
dy,  and  he  was  amply  poffeffed  of  thofe  abilities 
and  qualifications  which  awaken  and  agitate  the 
paffions  of  the  people.  His  miniftry  had  been  at- 
tended with  the  mofl  flattering  fuccefs ;  and  his 
courage  to  encounter  danger,  grew  with  his  re- 
putation. The  day  before  he  was  apprehended, 
he  faid  to  John  Knox,  who  attended  him,  "  I  am 
"  weary  of  the  world,  fmce  I  perceive  that  men 
''  are  weary  of  God.'*  He  had  already  recon- 
ciled himfelf  to  that  terrible  death  which  awaited 
him.  Perhaps,  he  even  wiflied  in  fecret  to  lay 
down  his  life  for  his  opinions,  and  looked  with 
anxiety  to  the  crown  of  martyrdom.  He  was 
found  in  the  houfe  of  Cockburn  of  Ormifton,  in 
]£a{l  Lothian  ;  who  refufing  to  deliver  him  to  the 
Servants  of  the  Regent,  the  Earl  of  Bothwel,  the 
v^heriff  of  the  county,  rrquired  that  he  fliould  be 

entrufted 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLANn.  5^ 


entrufted  to  his  care,  and  promifed  that  no  injury 
lliould  be  done  to  him.  But  the  authority  of  the 
Regent  and  his  counfellors  obliged  the  Earl  to 
furrender  his  charge  *.  He  was  conveyed  to  the 
Cardinal's  caflle  at  St  Andrews,  and  his  trial  was 
hurried  on  with  precipitation.  The  Cardinal  and 
the  clergy  proceeding  in  it  without  the  concur- 
rence of  the  fecular  power,  adjudged  him  to  be 
burnt  alive.  In  the  circumfliances  of  his  execu- 
tion there  appears  a  deliberate  and  moft  barba- 
rous cruelty.  When  led  out  to  the  flake,  he  was 
met  by  priefts,  who,  mocking  his  condition,  called 
upon  him  to  pray  to  the  Virgin,  that  Ihe  might 
intercede  with  her  Son  for  mercy  to  him.  "  For- 
*'  bear  to  tempt  me,  my  brethren,*'  was  his  mild 
reply  to  them.  A  black  coat  of  linen  was  put  up- 
on him  by  one  executioner,  and  bags  of  powder 
were  faflened  to  his  body  by  another.  Some  pie- 
ces of  ordnance  were  pointed  to  the  place  of  execu- 
tion. He  fpoke  to  the  fpeftators,  entreating  them 
to  remember,  that  he  was  to  die  for  the  true  gof- 
pel  of  Chrift.  Fire  was  communicated  to  the  fag- 
gots. From  a  balcony  in  a  tower  of  his  caflle, 
which  was  hung  with  tapeflry,  the  Cardinal  and 
the  prelates,  reclining  upon  rich  cufhionsj  beheld 
1  3  the 


*  EfisT.  Reg.  Scot,    Appendix,  p.    343, 


6o  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  the  inhuHian  fcene.  This  infolent  triumph,  more 
ij4(i.  than  all  his  afflictions,  alFefted  the  magnanimity 
of  the  fufFerer.  He  exclaimed,  that  the  enemy, 
who,  (o  proudly  folaced  himfelf,  would  perifli  in 
a  few  days,  and  be  expofed  ignominioufly  in  the 
place  v/hich  he  now  occupied  *. 

Cardinal  CARDINAL  Beaton  took  a  plcafure  in  receiv- 

Beatonisaf- 

fafiinated.  jng  the  congratulations  of  the  clergy  upon  a  deed 
which,  it  was  thought,  would  fill  the  enemies  of 
the  church  with  terror.  But  the  indignation  of 
the  people  was  more  excited  than  their  fears. — 
All  ranks  of  men  were  difgufled  with  an  exercife 
of  power  which  defpifed  every  boundary  of  mode- 
ration and  juilice.  The  prediftion  of  Mr  Wifliart, 
fuggefted  by  the  general  odium  which  attended  the 
Cardinal,  was  confidered  by  the  difciples  of 
this  martyr  as  the  elfufion  of  a  prophet.— 
Strengthening  their  fpirit  of  revenge  by  converfa- 
tion  and  intercourfe,  they  entered  into  a  confpiracy 
to  gratify  it.  Their  complaints  were  attended  to  by 
Norman  Lefly,  the  eldefl:  fon  of  the  Earl  of  Ro- 
thes, whom  the  Cardinal,  in  the  intoxication  of 
his  grandeur,  had  treated  with  indignity,  though 

he 


*  Kmox,  p.  53.  69.    Spotfvvood;  p.  74.  82.    Buchanan 
Hift.  Rcr.  Scot.  lib.  xr. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  6l 

he  had  profited  by  his  fervices.     He  confented  to     book  i. 
be  their  leader.     The  Cardinal  was  in  his  caftle  "^7^^ 
at  St  Andrews,  which  he  was  fortifying  after  the 
ftrongefl  fafliion  of  that  age.     The  confpirators 
at  different  times,  early  in  the  morning  entered    May  'a?, 
into  it*.     The  gates  were  fecured ;   and  appoint- 
ing 


*  Spotswood,  p.  83,  obferves  that  the  murderers  of  Car- 
dinal Beaton  did  not  exceed  twelve  perfons  in  all.  Lefly, 
ap.  Jebb,  p.  162,  will  have  it  that  there  were  no  more  than 
nine  confpirators;  and  other  authors  make  them  amount  to 
lixteen.  In  the  pubhc  archives,  however,  they  are  enume- 
rated and  defcribed  in  the  following  manner :  "  Normane 
Leflie  fear  of  Rothes,  Petir  Cannichaell  of  Balmadie,  James 
••  Kirkcaldie  of  the  Grange,  William  Kirkcaldie  his  eldeG: 
**  fonne,  David  Kirkcaldie  his  brothir,  Jhonne  Kirkcaldie;, 
**  Patrick  Kirkcaldie,  George  Kirkcaldie,  brother  to  the 
*'  faid  James  Kirkcaldie  of  the  Grange,  Thomas  Kirkcal- 
*'  die  liis  fonne,  Jhonne  Leflie  of  Parkhiil,  Alexander  Ing- 
*'  lis,  James  Maluile  elder,  Jhonne  Maluile,  baftard-fon  to 
«*  the  lardof  Raith,  Alexander  Maluile,  David  Carmichaell 
"  Gilbert  Geddes  zounger,  Robert  Muncrief,  brother  to 
*'  the  lard  of  Tibbermcllo,  William  Symfoun,  Alexander 
*'  Anderfoun,  David  Balfour,  fonne  to  the  lard  of  Mon- 
*'  quihanny,  Thomas  Conyghame,  NichoU  Hart,  Williaoi 
*'  Guthre,  Jhonne  Sibbald,  brother  to  the  lard  of  Cuik- 
"  ftounc,  Peter  Carmichaell,  Walter  Maluile  zounger.  Sir 
*'  Jhonne  Auchinleck  chaplane,  Nicol  Liermounth,  Sir 
<*  Jhonne  Zoung  chaplane,  David  Kirkcaldie  cuik,  Niniane 
*•  Cockburne,  Jhonne  Poll  Gunnar,  William  Orok,  Jhonne 
«*  RoUok,  and  Andro  Tanzou."  Epift.  Reg.  Scot.  Ap- 
pendix, p.  34-8. 


6±  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION" 

ing  a  guard,  that  no  intimation  of  their  proceed- 
ings might  go  to  the  Cardinal,  they  difmiifed  from 
the  caflle  all  his  workmen  feparately,  to  theJ 
number  of  one  hundred,  and  all  his  domefliics,  who 
amounted  to  no  fewer  than  fifty  perfons.  The 
eldeft  fon  of  the  Earl  of  Arran,  whom  he  kept  as 
an  hoftage  for  his  father's  behaviour,  was  alone 
detained  by  them.  The  aftonilhed  prelate,  alarms 
ed  with  their  noife,  looked  from  his  window,  and 
was  informed  that  his  caflle  was  taken  by  Nor- 
man Lefly.  It  was  in  vain  that  he  endeavoured 
to  fecure  the  door  of  his  chamber  by  bolts  and 
chefts.  The  confpirators  brought  fire,  and  were . 
ready  to  apply  it,  when  admitting  them  into  his 
prefence  he  implored  their  mercy.  Two  of 
of  them  flruck  him  haftily  with  their  fwords.— ;• 
But  James  Melvil,  a  deliberate  villain,  rebuking 
their  paffion,  told  them,  that  this  work  and  judg- 
ment of  God,  though  fecret,  ought  to  be  done 
with  gravity.  He  reminded  the  Cardinal,  in  ge- 
neral terms,  of  the  enormity  of  his  fins,  and  re- 
proached him  in  a  more  particular  nianner  with 
the  death  of  Mr  Wifliart.  He  fwore  that  no  hope 
of  his  riches,  no  dread  of  his  power,  and  no  ha- 
tred to  his  perfon,  were  any  motives  which  a(ftuated 
him  ;  but  that  he  was  moved  to  acc&mplifli  his  dc- 
flrudion,  by  the  obftinacy  and  zeal  manifeiled  by 

hun 


Book  f. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLANB.  6^ 

him  againfl;  Chrifl  Jefus  and  his  holy  gofpel  *.  Wait- 
ing for  no  anfwer  to  his  harangue,  he  thruil  the  ^'"^T^^gT^ 
Cardinal  three  times  th-rough  the  body  with  his 
dagger. 

The  rumour  that  the  caftle  was  taken,  giving 
^n  alarm  to  the  inhabitants  of  St  Andrews,  they 
came  in  crowds  to  gratify  their  curiofity,  and  to 
offer  their  afliftance,  according  to  the  fentiments 
they  entertained.  The  adherents  and  dependents 
of  the  Cardinal  were  clamorous  to  fee  him ;  and 
the  confpirators,  carrying  his  dead  body  to  the 
very  place  from  which  he  had  beheld  the  fufFer- 
ings  of  Mr  Wifliart,  expofed  it  to  their  view. — 
The  people,  recollecting  the  prediftion  of  the  mar- 
tyr, were  affected  with  this  incident ;  and  the  fur- 
prize  which  it  at  firft  excited,  fettled  itfelf  in  a  mix- 
ed affection  of  melancholy  tendernefs  and  fuperfliti- 
ous  awef. 

The  truce,  in  the  mean  time,  which  had  been  Peace  wiw 
concluded  with  England,    was  frequently  inter- 
rupted ;  but  no  memorable  battles  were  fought. 
Mutual  depredations  kept  alive  the  hoffile  fpirit  of 

the 


*  Knox,    p.  72. 

^-  Buchanan  Hift,  Rer.  Scot,  lib.xv.    Spotfwood  p.  S^. 


64  HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 

the  two  kingdoms ;  and  while  the  Regent  was 
making  military  preparations,  which  gave  the  pro- 
mife  of  important  events,  a  treaty  of  peace  was 
finifhed  between  England  and  France,  in  which 
Francis  I.  took  care  to  comprehend  the  Scottifli 
nation.  In  this  treaty  it  was  ftipulated  by  Henry, 
that  he  was  not  to  wage  war  againil  Scotland, 
unlefs  he  Ihould  be  provoked  by  new  and  jull  cau- 
fes  of  hoftility  f. 


Confequen-  BuT  thc  murdcrers  of  Cardinal  Beaton,  appre- 
murder  of  hcnfivc  of  their  fafety,  and  unable  to  paliate  their 
Beaton.  execrable  3.0:,  had  difpatched  meflengers  into  Eng- 
land, with  applications  to  Henry  for  afliftance  ; 
and  being  joined  by  more  than  one  hundred  and 
twenty  of  their  friends,  they  took  the  refolution 
of  keeping  the  caftle,  and  of  defending  themfelvcs. 
Henry,  Notwithflanding  his  treaty  with  France, 
refolved  to  embrace  this  opportunity  of  augment- 
ing the  difturbances  of  Scotland.  His  proclama- 
tions of  peace  declared  only  an  abllinence  from 
war  during  his  own  pleafure.  He  haflened  to 
colleft  troops,  and  the  Regent  and  his  counfellors 
preffed  France  for  fupplies  in  men  and  money, 
military  {lores,  and  artillery. 

The. 


f  Lord  Herbert,  ap.  Kennet,  p.  250. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  6^ 


The  liidi  places  which  the  Cardinal  occupied, 

were  filled  up  immediately  upon  his  death.     John  i /—^J 

Hamilton,   Abbot  of  Paifley,  was  ele£led  Arch-  Promotions 
biihop  of  St  Andrews,  and  George  Earl  of  Hunt- 
ley was  promoted  to  be  Chancellor.     By  thefe  of-  Proceed- 
ficers  the  Regent  was  urged  to  proceed  with  vi-  the  Confpi- 


gour  againfi  the  confpirators  ;  and  it  was  a  mat- 
ter of  the  greatefl  anxiety  to  him,  to  recover  his  eld- 
eft  fon,  whom  they  detained  In  cuilody.  The  cler- 
gy had,  in  the  mod  folemn  manner,  pronounced 
them  to  be  acciirfed,  and  agreed  to  furnifli,  for 
four  motiths,  a  monthly  fubfidy  of  three  thoufand 
pounds,  to  defray  the  expence  of  reducing  them 
to  obedience.  The  Queen  Dowager,  and  the 
French  faftioh  were  eager,  at  the  fame  time,  to 
concur  in  avenging  the  afTalTination  of  a  man  to 
v.'hofe  counfels  and  fer vices  they  v/ere  fo  greatly 
indebted.  And,  that  no  dangerous  ufe  might  be 
made  of  the  eldefl  fon  of  the  Earl  of  Arran,  who, 
after  his  father,  was  the  heir  of  the  monarchy, 
an  a£l  of  Parliament  was  palTed,  excluding  him 
from  his  birthright,  while  he  remained  In  thepoffef- 
fion  of  the  enemies  of  his  country,  and  fubflitu- 
ting  his  brothers  in  his  place,  according  to  their  fe- 
niority  *.  The  dark  politics  of  Henry  fuggefled 
K  the 

*  E?isT.  Reg,  Scot.     /^ppen(Ji.T.  p.  343.  353.  350, 


raters. 


66  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

=  ■  '  Y 

the  neceflity  of  this  expedient,  and  in  its  meaning 
and  tendency  there  may  be  remarked  the  fpirit  and 
greatnefs  of  a  free  people. 

The  cafiie  A  powerfuI  army  laid  liege  to  the  caftle  of  St 
«irewsisbe-  Andrews,  and  continued  their  operations  during 
four  months.  But  no  fuccefs  attended  the  aflail- 
ants.  The  fortifications  were  flrong  j  and  a  com- 
munication with  the  befieged  was  open  by  fea  to 
the  King  of  England,  who  fupplied  them  with 
arms  and  provifions.  The  garrifon  received  his 
pay,  and  the  principal  confpirators  had  penfions 
from  him*.  In  return  for  his  generofity,  they 
were  engaged  to  promote  the  marriage  of  his  fon 
with  the  young  Queen,  to  advance  the  Reforma- 
tion, and  to  keep  in  cuflody  the  eldefl  fon  of  the 
tuai treaty.  Regent.  Negociatiou  fucceeded  to  hollility  ;  and 
as  the  Regent  expelled  afliftance  from  France, 
and  the  confpirators  had  the  profpeft  of  fupport 
from  an  Englifh  army,  both  parties  were  difpofed 
to  gain  time.     A   treaty  was  entered  into,  and 

tranfafted 


*  Mr  Henry  Balnaves,  agent  at  the  court  of  England 
for  the  confpirators,  received  1 180 1.  for  one  half  year's 
pay  to  thq  garrifon.  Nornoan  Lefly  had  a  penfion  of  280  1. 
Sir  James  Kircaldy  had  200  I.  and  fmaller  penfions  were  al- 
lowed to  other  perfons.  Burnet,  Hift.  of  the  Reformation 
in  England,  vol.  ii.  p.  8. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  67 

■T     I     I'l— an— ■   r     l  ll    |        iimiui.im-i       iijiiiiiwi     »i»»i«iii« m ■  it«— ^MWII 

tranfafted,  in  which  the  Regent  engaged  to  pro-     Book  i, 
cure  fi-om  Rome  an  abfolution  to  the  confpirators,      j^^^ 
and  to  obtain  to  them,  from  the  three  eftatcs,  an 
exemption  from  profecutions  of  every  kind.     Up- 
on the  part  of  the  befieged  it  was   flipulated,  that 
when  thefe  conditions  were  fulfilled,    the  caitle 
fliould  be  furrendered,  and  the  Regent's  fon  be 
delivered  up  to   him.     In  the  mean  time,  Henry 
VIIL  died,  and  a  few  Weeks  after,  Francis  I.  paid      1547. 
his  debt  to  nature.     But  the  former  before  his    ^^"'  *  ' 
death,  had  recommended  the  profecution  of  the 
Scottifli  war,  and  Henry  II.  the  fuccelTor  of  Fran- 
cis, was  eager  to  fliew  his  attention  to  the  ancient 
•ally  of  his  nation.     When  the  abfolution  arrived 
from  Rome,  the  confpirators  refufed  to   confider 
it  as  valid ;  and  an  exprefllon  ufed  by  the  Pope, 
implying  an  abfurdity,  furniflied  an  apology  for 
their  conduct  *.     They  knew  that  the  counfellors 
of  Edward  VI.  were  making  vigorous  preparations 
to  invade  Scotland  ;  they  were  confident  of  their 
prefent  ability  to  defend  tbemfelves ;   and  the  ad- 
vocates for  the  Reformation  encouraged  them  with 
hopgs  and  with  flattery  f. 

K  2  When 


'  The  words  of  the  bull  excepted  againft  were  thefe,  «  Re- 
mittimus  crimen  irremiffibile." 
t  RvMiR,  Foedera,  vol.  15.  p.  131.    Spotfwood,  p.  84-, 


68  HISTORY    OF    THIZ    REFORMATION 

•500K  I.  When  the  paflions  of  men  are  agitated,  they 
1J47,  can  find  an  apology  for  the  worfl:  aflions.  The 
tfftants  favourers  of  the  Reformation,  adopting  the  into- 
fandion  to  lerant  maxims  of  the  church,  were  highly  pleafed 
rators.  With  the  affaffination  of  Cardinal  Beaton ;  and 
many  of  them  ventured  to  congratulate  the  confpi- 
rators  upon  what  was  termed  their  godly  deed 
and  enterprize.  John  Rough,  who  had  former- 
ly been  chaplain  to  the  Regent,  entered  the  caflle, 
and  joined  himfelf  to  them.  John  Knox  follow- 
ed his  example,  and  rofe  at  this  time  to  deftinc- 
tion  and  eminence.  Thefe  miniflers,  under  the 
protection  of  the  confpirators,  preached  the  re- 
formed doftrines  in  the  callle  and  in  the  town, 
w^ith  greater  freedom  of  language  than  had  been 
employed  on  any  former  occafion.  They  difputed 
with  the  priefts,  difcorafited  them  with  arguments, 
and  triumphed  over  them  with  a  popular  and  o- 
verbearing  eloquence.  Knox  was  fuccefsful  in  a 
mofl  particular  manner.  He  convinced  the  peo- 
ple, that  the  church  of  Rome  had  departed  from 
the  purity  of  the  apoftelic  times,  in  a  greater 
degree  than  the  Jews  had  degenerated  from 
the  ordinances  of  Mofes,  in  the  period  v/hen  they 
confented  to  the  death  of  Jefus  Chrift.  He  filen- 
ced  every  difputant,  and  confounded  all  the  profef- 
rprs  ofthe  univerfity  of  St  Andrews.  The  peo- 
ple 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLANO.  69 

pie,  pleafed  with  his  bold  fpirit,  and  elated  with     book  i. 
the  fuccefs  attending  him,  were  fatisfied  that  he      i^^^. 
had  not  only  hewn  down  the  branches  of  Popery, 
but  that  he  had  ftruck  a  decifive  blow  at  the  root ' 
of  the  tree  itfelf.     The  clergy,  defeated,  infulted, 
and  afliamed,   fupplicated  the  help  and  affiftance 
of  the  Regent  and  his  council ;  and  were  afTured, 
that  the  laws  of  the  realm  fliould  be   put  into  full 
execution  againfl:  heretics*. 

While  the  Proteftants  were  happy  in  expref-  The  French 

navy  ar- 

iing  their  contempt  and  deteftation  of  Popery,  a  r've^  before 

St  An- 

navy,  confiding  of  fixteen  gallies,  under  the  com-  drews. 
mand  of  Leon  Strozzi,  arrived  from  France. — 
The  caftle  of  St  Andrews  was  iuvelled  both  by 
fea  and  land  ;  and  the  French  troops  were  Hiilful 
in  attacking  fortified  places.     Great  courage  was 
difplayed  by  the  confpirators,  but  they  could  not 
refill  long  a  fuperior  force,  direfted  by  knowledge 
and  addi-efs ;  and  a  plague,  or  contagious  fick- 
nefs,  had  broke  out  in  the  garrifon,     A  wide 
breach  being  made  in  its  walls,  the  caftle  furren-  The  cafiie 
dered  to  Leon  Strozzi,  and  honourable  conditions  "^' " ''"' 
were  granted  to  the  confpirators.     None  of  them 
were  to  lofe  their  lives.     They  were  to  be  tranf- 

ported, 

Epist.  Rcr.  Scot.  Appendi.x,  p.  381.  Knox,  p.  75.  77.  83. 


70  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  ported,  as  prifoners,  into  France  ;  and,  if  their 
TsAh  treatment  there  did  not  pleafe  them,  it  was  a- 
greed,  that  they  fliould  be  conveyed  into  any 
other  country  more  agreeable  to  them,  except 
Scotland,  upon  the  charges  of  the  French  King. 
The  fpoil  of  the  callle,  which  was  nobly  furnifli- 
ed,  and  in  which  there  was  treafure  belonging  to 
the  Cardinal,  with  the  wealth  of  the  befieged, 
which  had  been  brought  to  it  for  fecurity,  be- 
came the  prize  of  the  vi£lors,  and  was  lodged  in 
the  French  (hips.  When  the  prifoners  were 
landed  in  France,  they  were  ufed  with  cruelty, 
from  the  hatred  entertained  againfl  the  Proteft- 
ants.  The  articles  of  the  capitulation  were  dif- 
regarded.  Some  of  the  confpirators  were  confined 
in  prifons,  and  others,  among  whom  was  John 
Knox,  were  fent  to  work  in  the  gallies.  The 
caftle  itfelf,  by  an  order  of  the  Regent  and  his 
council,  was  razed  to  the  ground,  upon  the  pre- 
text, that  the  canon  law  commands  the  defolation 
of  every  place  where  the  blood  of  a  Cardinal  has 
'  been  fpilt ;  but  in  reality,  that  it  might  not  fall 

into  the  hands  of  the  King  of  England,  and  be 
retained  as  a  houfe  of  flrength,  to  prote<^  his 
partizans  *. 

'  To 

*  SroTswooD,  p.  8S. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  71 

To  this  blow  given  to  the  Proteftants,  there     Book  i. 
fucceeded  the  invafion  of  Scotland  by  the  Earl  of      j^^^. 
Hartford,  who,  in  the  minority  of  Edward  VI.  frmyln- 
was  chofen  Proteftor  of  England,   and  created  [a^J.*  "'^ 
Duke  of  Somerfet.      It  was  determined  in  the 
Englifh  cabinet,  that  the  lafl  hand  fliould  be  put 
to  the  fcheme  of  Henry  VIII.  and  that,  if  poflible, 
an  union  of  the  two  kingdoms  fliould  be  atchie- 
red,  by  the  marriage  of  King  Edward  and  the 
Queen  of  Scots.     His  army  amounted  to  eighteen 
thoufand  combatants ;  and ,  a  fleet  of  flxty  fail, 
the  one  half  of  which  confifl:ed  of  fliips  of  war, 
and  the  other  of  veflels  loaded  with  proviflons 
and  military  fl:ores,  facilitated  his  operations. — 
The   Regent  was  prepared  to  oppofe  him,  and 
had  aifembled  forty  thoufand  men. 

The  Duke  of  Somerfet  addrefled  a  letter,  or  The  En?. 
manifeflio,  to  the  government,  in  which  he  pref-  maDd'e™'itt- 
fed  the  meafure  of  the  marriage,  and  the  infepa-  Sgent'^to 
table  connection  of  the  rival  ftates.     There  was  conduS 
nothing,  he  faid,  fo  hoftile  to  the  fpirit  of  Chrifli-  rLg^'oTthl 
anity,  as  injuflice  and  war  ;  peace  and  quiet  were  sSts  w!fh 
its  objefts ;    and,  in  the  prefent  cafe,  political  ^^'''"*^'^^' 
confiderations  concurred  with  motives  of  religion.. 
Nature,  by  confining  the  two  nations  within  one 
iflaud,  direfted  them  to  be  the  fubjedls  of  one 

empire. 


72  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  empire.  By  mutual  hoftilities  iliey  could  only 
IJ47.  hope  to  weaken  each  other,  and  to  invite  the 
arms  of  a  foreign  enemy.  But  in  their  union, 
and  with  the  prote61ion  of  the  ocean,  they  had 
nothing  to  fear  from  the  mofl  powerful  kingdoms. 
No  motive  of  avarice,  or  envy,  or  pride,  was  the 
fource  of  the  prefent  invafion*  A  fixed  defire  of 
acquiring  a  perpetual  peace  was  its  principle. — 
The  marriage  of  the  Queen  of  Scots  with  the 
King  of  England,  offered  the  mofl  effeflual  means 
for  confolidating  tranquillity,  and  eftabliiliing  hap- 
pinefs.  Former  negociations  and  treaties  had  ex- 
plained the  full  propriety  of  this  marriage.  To 
give  the  young  Queen  to  another  Prince  could  be 
attended  with  no  fuch  advantages  of  profit  and 
of  honour.  The  fovereign  in  her  offer  was  born 
in  the  fame  ifland,  was  related  to  her  by  blood, 
and  in  riches  her  fuperior.  And  the  two  nations, 
joined  already  in  their  territories  and  dominions, 
fpokc  nearly  the  fame  language,  were  governed 
by  fimilar  laws,  and  accuflomed  to  refembling  u- 
fages  and  manners.  A  total  oblivion  of  ancient 
animofities  would  immediately  follow  the  commu- 
nication of  their  fortunes.  No  rivallhip  would 
prevail.  The  fear  of  injury,  and  the  apprehen- 
fion  for  its  independency,  natural  to  the  weaker 
{late,  would  torture  it  no  longer,  nor  compel  it 

to 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  73 

to  conftant  and  enfeebling  exertions.  It  would  Book  i. 
grow  to  the  fulnefs  of  its  ftrength.  It  was  a  great  j^^^^ 
glory  to  Scotland  to  be  folicited  to  an  equal  and 
liberal  alliance  with  a  more  powerful  people.  It 
would  be  a  glory  to  it  ftill  greater,  to  brighten 
under  the  advantages  of  this  new  fituation  ;  and 
cultivating  the  arts  of  refinement  and  peace,  to 
advance  to  the  higheit  point  of  felicity  and  fplen- 
dour  which  it  was  capable  to  attain  *. 

It  feemed  expedient  to  the  Recent,  and  the  hu  offers 
French  faction,  that  the  letter  or  manifefto  of  the  ed. 
Protestor  fliould  be  fuppreffed.  They  were  a- 
fraid  that  the  nobility  and  the  people  might  be 
pleafed  with  its  moderation,  and  receive  it  with 
too  much  refpeft ;  and  they  circulated  a  report^ 
that  the  Englifli  had  come  to  force  away  the 
Queen,  and  to  reduce  the  kingdom  to  be  a  de- 
pendant province.  The  Duke  of  Somerfet  per- 
ceived that  the  fword  was  to  decide  this  difpute, 
and  advanced  to  offer  battle  to  the  Scottiili  army. 
He  found  it  ported  in  a  moft  advantageous  fitua- 
tion, around  the  villages  of  Muflelburgh,  Inver- 
elk,  and  Monkton.  He  could  not  attempt  to 
bring  on  an  action  with  any  hope  of  fuccefs,  and 
L  the 

»■  .,,.',  J. — ;— g- 

*  Buchanan,  Hifl.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xv.     Sir  John  Hay- 
ward,  Life  and  Reiga  ot  Edward  VI.  ap.  Kcnnat,  p.  279. 


,74  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

2>.'0K  I.  the  Scottifli  troops  might  intercept  him  from  his 
^"^r^O^  fleet,  which  was  riding  in  the  bay  of  Muffelburgh. 
His  provifions  were  nearly  exhaufted,  fupplies 
could  not  be  procured,  the  Scottifh  army  was 
more  than  double  to  his,  and  a  retreat  prefented 
10  him  every  form  of  danger.  He,  therefore, 
addrefling  himfelf  anew  to  the  Regent,  propofed. 
terms  flili  more  favourable  than  thofe  of  his  for- 
mer manifeflo.  He  declared  himfelf  ready  to  re- 
tire into  England,  and  to  make  ample  compenfa- 
tion  for  the  injuries  committed  by  his  army,  if 
the  Scottifh  government  would  promife  that  the 
Qu^en  fliould  not  be  contrafted  to  a  foreign 
Prince,  but  lliould  be  kept  at  home  till  flie  was 
of  full  age  to  choofe  a  hulband  to  herfelf,  with 
the  confent  of  the  nobility. 

The  battle  This  new  Overture  confirmed  the  confidence  of 
'"'^^'  the  Regent,  who  now  accounted  himfelf  fecure 
of  viflory.  The  unfeafoned  courage  of  his  troops 
increafed  with  the  opinion,  that  the  enemy  were 
in  diftrefs,  and  under  apprehenfions.  A  few  Hdr- 
miflies,  of  various  fuccefs,  were  preludes  to  the 
general  engagement.  The  Protetflor  moved  to- 
wards Pinkcy  ;  and  the  Regent,  conceiving  that 
he  meant  to  take  refuge  In  his  fleet,  changed  the 
ftrong  ground  in  which  he  vras  encamped.     He 

commanded 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  75 

commanded  his  army  to  pafs  the  river  Elk,  and  book  r. 
to  approach  the  Englilh  forces,  which  were  pofl-  ^^^, 
ed  on  the  middle  part  of  Fafide-hill.  The  Earl 
of  Angus  led  on  the  van  ;  the  main  body  or  the 
battle  marched  under  the  Regent ;  and  the  Earl 
of  Huntley  commanded  in  the  rear.  It  was  the 
Regent's  intention  to  feize  the  top  of  the  hill. — 
The  Lord  Grey,  to  defeat  this  purpofe,  charged 
the  Earl  of  Angus,  at  the  head  of  the  Eng- 
lilh cavalry.  They  were  received  upon  the 
points  of  the  Scottilli  fpears,  which  were  •  longer 
than  the  lances  of  the  Englifli  horfemen,  and  put 
to  flight.  The  Earl  of  Warwick,  more  fuccefs- 
ful  with  his  command  of  infantry,  advanced  to 
the  attack.  The  ordnance  from  the  fleet  afllfled 
his  operations,  and  a  brifk  fire  from  the  Englifli 
artillery,  which  was  planted  on  a  rifmg-ground, 
ferved  ftill  more  to  intimidate  the  Scottifli  foldiery. 
The  remaining  troops,  under  the  Prote£lor,  were 
moving  fiowly,  and  in  the  beft  order,  to  take  a 
ihare  in  the  engagement.  The  Earl  of  Angus 
was  not  well  fupported  by  the  Regent  and  the 
Earl  of  Huntley.  A  panic  fpread  itielf  through 
the  Scottifli  army.  It  fled  in  different  ways,  pre- 
fenting  afcene  of  the  greateft  havock  and  confu- 
flon.  Few  periflied  in  the  fight ;  but  the  chafe 
continuing  in  one  direction  to  Edinburgh,  and  in 
L  2  another 


76  HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 


IJ47. 


another  to  Dalkeith,  with  the  utmofl  fury,  a  pro- 
digious flaughter  was  made.  The  lofs  of  the 
conquerors  did  not  amount  to  five  hundred  men  ; 
but  ten  thoufand  foldiers  periihed  on  the  fide  of 
the  vanquiflied.  A  multitude  of  prifoners  were 
taken,  and  among  thefe  the  Earl  of  Huntley,  the 
Lord  High  Chancellor  *. 


The  Eng-        Amidst  the  conftemation  of  this  decifive  vic- 

liflx  Gene- 
ral negieds  tory,   the  Duke  of  Somerfet  had  a  full  opportu^ 

to  profecute 

his  vidory.  nity  of  cifeftuatiug  the  marriage  and  union  pro- 
jefted  by  Henry  VIII.  and  on  the  fubjeft  of  which 
fuch  fond  anxiety  was  entertained  by  the  Engliili 
nation.  But  the  cabals  of  his  enemies  threatening 
his  deftru6lion  at  home,  he  yielded  to  the  neceffi- 
ties  of  his  private  ambition,  and  marched  back 
into  England,  He  took  precautions,  however, 
to  fecure  an  entry  into  Scotland,  both  by  fea  and 
land.  A  garrifon  of  two  hundred  men  was  pla-? 
ced  in  the  ifle  of  St  Columba  in  the  Forth,  and 
two  fliips  of  war  were  left  as  a  guard  to  it  f.  A 
garrifon  was  alfo  ftationed  in  the  caflle  of  Brough- 

^h 

*  King  Edward's  Journal  of  his  own  Reign,  p.  4.  5. 
Burnet,  vol.  ii.  p.  33.  Sir  John  Hayward,  ap.  Kennet, 
p.  284. 

t  Tkuanus,  Hjlt.  fui  temporls,  lib.  jii,  Burott,  vol.  ii. 
P-34» 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


n 


ty,  which  was  fituated  in  the  mouth  of  the  Tay.  eook  r. 
When  he  palTed  through  the  Merfe  and  Tiviot-  ^-"^"^'^'^ 
dale,  the  leading  men  of  thefe  counties  repaired 
to  him,  and  taking  an  oath  of  allegiance  to  King 
Edward,  furrendered  their  places  of  ftrength. — 
Some  of  thefe  he  demoliflied,  and  to  others  he 
added  new  fortifications.  Hume  caftle  was  gar- 
rifoned  with  two  hundred  men,  and  entrufted  to 
Sir  Edward  Dudley ;  and  he  pofted  three  hundred 
foldiers,  with  two  hundred  pioneers,  in  the  caftle 
of  Roxburgh,  under  the  command  of  Sir  Ralph 
Buhner  *. 

The  Regent,  prelTed  to  extremity,  turned  his  Scotland 
eyes  towards  France,  from  which  alone  fuccours  p^J'';", 
could  be  expected.  MelTengers  were  difpatched 
to  inform  Henry  II.  of  the  difaftrous  condition  of 
his  ally,  and  to  intreat  his  afliftance.  The  pride 
of  the  nobility  increafmg  with  misfortune,  urged 
them  to  continue  the  war,  and  to  maintain  the 
rights  of  the  nation  againfl  the  attempts  of  an 
ambitious  and  haughty  enemy.  Though  the  Re- 
gent had  an<:ed  permiiTion  from  the  Proteftor  to 
treat  of  peace,  he  yet  avoided  to  fend  commiffion- 
crs  to  Berwick,  where  the  Earl  of  Warwick  was 

appointed 

*  Collection  of  Records  in  Burnet,  vol.  ii.  No.  xI.-~ 
Spotfwood,  p.  89. 


cs  to 
continue 
the  war. 


1547- 


yS  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

DooK  I.  appointed  to  wait  for  them.  The  young  Queen 
was  lodged,  for  fafety,  in  the  caille  of  Dunbar- 
ton,  under  the  care  of  the  Lords  Erlkine  and  Li- 
vingftone  ;  and  the  whole  nation,  roufed  by  the 
greatnefs  of  its  danger,  thought  of  nothing  but 
to  chaflife  its  enemies,  and  to  recover  its  ho- 
nour *. 

1548.  It  was  not  Ion?  before  hoftihties  were  renew- 

April  18.  ^ 

An  Engiifh  ed  on  the  part  of  England.     The  Lord  Grey, 

army  enters  ^  _  •' 

Scotland,  who  was  appointed  to  the  Lieutenancy  of  the 
North,  conducted  troops  into  Scotland,  fortified 
Haddington,  as  a  ftation  from  which  he  might 
annoy  the  whole  kingdom,  carried  the  caftles  of 
Teller  and  Dalkeith,  and  committed  devaftations 
in  the  Merfe,  and  in  the  counties  of  Eaft  and 
Mid  Lothian.  The  Regent,  w^ho,  from  the  un- 
fkiifulnefs  of  the  Scots  engineers,  could  not  re- 
take the  caillc  of  Broughty,  did  not  think  of  lay- 
ing fiege  to  Haddington  till  the  arrival  of  the 
French  forces.  The  impatience  with  which  he 
Jane.  expected  them  was  foon  gratified.  Monfieur  de 
DelTe,  a  General  of  reputation,  landed  at  Leith, 
"with  fix  thoufand  foldicrs,  and  a  formidable  train 
of  artillery.     It  \ras  inflantly  refolved  to  invefl: 

Haddington ; 

*  Lbsly,  de  Rtb.  Gcft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  168. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLANB.  79 


Haddington ;  and  eight  hundred  Scottifli  horle     Book  l 

were  o 

liaries 


were  ordered  to  co-operate  with  the  French  auxi-   ^^^ 
^  1548. 


Mean  while,  confukations  were  held  upon  the  The  Queen 
flate  of  public  affairs.     The  defeat  at  Pinkey  had  becomes 

1        7      r   V  -  1       T-k  ambitious 

thrown  a  load  or  dilgrace  upon  the  Regent ;  and  of  power. 

The  young 

the  Queen  Dowager  being  difpofed  to  fuperfede  Qu<     ' 


ueeii  15 
fent  to 


his  authority,  improved  this  circumflance  to  his  Fiance. 
difadvantage.  Her  mind  had  begun  to  open  it- 
felf  to  the  ambition  of  governing  Scotland  with- 
out a  rival.  Her  inclination  directed  her  to  the 
firmed  union  with  France ;  and  her  interefl  and 
{lability  could  befl  be  fupported  by  that  kingdom. 
When  fuccours  had  been  lad  requefled  from 
Henry  11.  an  infinuation  was  given,  that  the  Dau- 
phin might  obtain  the  young  Queen  in  marriage. 
A  parliament  being  affembled  near  Hr.ddington,  July  7 
this  fubjeft  was  again  confidered.  The  nation, 
incenfed  againd  the  obdinate  and  pcrfevering  ho- 
dilities  of  England,  and  grateful  for  the  repeated 
fervices  of  France,  was  defirous  of  a  meafure 
which  flattered  its  prejudices.  The  alliance  with 
England  had  iod  many  partizans ;  and  all  perfons 
,  were  difguded  with  the  rude  courtfliip  which  it 

had 

*  Beaugue,  Hiftory  of  the  Champagnes,  1548  and 
1549,  p.  5. 


8o  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFOPvMATlON 

Book  I.  had  ofFercd  to  the  young  Queen.  To  fend  Mary 
j^^2.  immediately  to  France,  would  remove,  it  was 
faid,  the  caufe  of  the  prefent  flruggles  and  con- 
tentions ;  and  her  fubfequent  marriage  with  the 
Dauphin  would  fecure  the  fulleft  confidence,  and 
the  warmefi;  attachment  of  the  French  govern- 
ment. Money  aided  the  operation  of  argument. 
Prefents  to  a  great  value  were  diftributed  among 
the  Scottifli  nobility.  The  Regent  himfelf  was 
corrupted  by  a  penfion  of  twelve  thoufand  livres, 
and  the  title  of  Duke  of  Chatellerault  in  France. 
Monfieur  de  Villegagnon,  who  commanded  four 
French  gallies  lying  in  the  harbour  of  Leith,  ma- 
king a  feint  as  if  he  intended  to  proceed  inftantly 
for  France,  tacked  about  to  the  north  in  the  open 
fea,  and  failing  round  the  ifles,  till  he  reached 
Dunbarton,  received  there  the  young  Queen, 
with  her  attendants  ;  and  then  conveying  her  to 
France,  delivered  her  to  her  uncles,  the  Princes 
of  Lorraine  *. 

Military  0-       The  fiegc  of  Haddington  proceeded  flowly, 

pvauon..     ^^^  ^^^^^  condufted  with  vigour  and  gallantry. — 

The  French  and  the  Scottiili  troops  vied  in  dif- 

playing 

*  Buchanan,  Hifl.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xv.  Lefly,  de  Reb. 
Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  169,  170.  JBUck  A6ls,  p.  145, 
Spotfwood,  p.  90. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND*  8l 

playing  a  determined  courage,  and  in  enduring 
fatigue  and  hardfliips.  In  the  beiiaviour  of  the 
'befieged  there  was  no  lefs  magnanimity  and  va- 
lour.  To  reinforce  the  garrifon,  fifteen  hundred 
horfe  advanced  from  Berwick ;  but  an  ambufcade 
being  laid  for  them,  they  were  intercepted,  and 
almofl  totally  deftroyed*.  Another  body  of  Eng- 
lifli  troops,  however,  which  amounted  only  to 
three  hundred  perfons,  was  more  fuccefsful.  E- 
luding  the  vigilance  of  the  Scots  and  the  French, 
they  were  able  to  enter  Haddington,  and  to  fup- 
ply  the  befieged  with  ammunition  and  provifions. 
The  Lord  Seymour,  High  Admiral  of  England, 
made  a  defcent  upon  Fife  with  twelve  hundred 
men,  and  fome  pieces  of  artillery,  but  was  driven 
back  to  his  fliips  with  great  flaughter,  by  James 
Stuart,  natural  brother  to  the  young  Queen,  who 
oppofed  him  at  the  head  of  the  militia  of  the 
county.  A  fecond  defcent  was  made  by  him  at 
Montrofe ;  but  being  equally  unfuccefsful  there, 
he  was  obliged  to  leave  Scotland  without  perform- 
ing any  important  or  memorable  atchievementf. 

M  Having- 


*  King  Edward's  Journal,  p.  5.     Sir  John  Hayward, 
ap.  Kennet,  p.  291. 

f  BURHET,  YoK  ii.  p.  83. 


§2  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

iiiii  I    •  •■'         •  ■     I  ■        ,:,'•■■■% 

EooK  I.  ^  Having  collected  an  army  of  feventeen  thou- 
fand  men,  and  adding  to  it  three  thoufand  Ger- 
man Proteftants,  the  Proteftor  put  it  under  the 
dire£lion  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewfbury.  Upon  the 
approach  of  the  Enghfli,  DelTe,  though  he  had 
been  reinforced  with  fifteen  thoufand  Scots, 
thought  it  prudent  to  retreat,  and  not  to  hazard 
a  decifive  battle.  He  raifed  the  fiege  of  Hadding- 
ton, and  marched  to  Edinburgh.  The  Earl  of 
Shrewfbury  negle^led  to  attack  him  during  his  re- 
treat, and  did  not  follow  him  to  force  an  engage- 
ment ;  and  in  both  cafes  he  has  been  cenfured  as 
deficient  in  addrefs,  for  jealoufies  had  arifen  be- 
tween the  Scots  and  the  French.  The  infolence 
and  vanity  of  the  latter,  encouraged  by  their  fu- 
perior  Ikill  in  military  arts,  had  offended  the  quick 
and  impatient  fpirit  of  the  former.  The  fretful- 
nefs  of  the  Scots  was  augmented  by  the  calami- 
ties inleparable  from  war  ;  and  after  the  convey- 
ance of  the  young  Queen  to  France,  the  efficaci- 
ous and  peculiar  advantage  conferred  upon  that 
kingdom  by  this  tranfaftion  was  fully  underflood, 
and  appeared  to  them  to  be  highly  difgraceful  and 
impolitic.  In  this  flate  of  their  humour  DefTe 
found  not  at  Edinburgh  the  reception  he  expelled. 
The  quartering  of  his  foldiers  produced  difputes, 

which 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND.  83 

which  ended  in  an  infurreftion  of  the  inhabi- 
tants. The  French  yielding  to  their  impetuofity, 
fired  among  the  citizens.  Several  perfons  of  dif- 
tinftion  fell,  and  among  thefe  were  the  provofl  of. 
Edinburgh  and  his  fon.  The  national  difcontents 
and  inquietudes  were  driven,  by  this  event,  to 
the  moft  dangerous  extremity ;  and  Deffe,  who 
was  a  man  of  ability,  thought  of  giving  employ- 
ment to  his  troops,  and  of  flattering  the  peoplQ 
by  the  fplendour  of  fome  martial  exploit  * 

The  Earl  of  Shrewfbury,  after  fupplying  Had^  New  ope- 

.  rations  o§ 

dington  with  troops,  provifions,  and  military  war. 
(lores,  retired  with  his  army  into  England.  Its 
garrifon,  in  the  enjoyment  of  fecurity,  and  unfuf- 
picious  of  danger,  might  be  furprifed  and  over- 
powered. Marching  in  the  night,  DefTe  reached 
this  important  poft,  and  deflroying  a  fort  of  ob- 
fervation,  prepared  to  ftorm  the  main  gates  of 
the  city,  when  the  garrifon  took  the  alarm.  A 
French  deferter  pointing  a  double  cannon  to  the 
thickell  ranks  of  the  allailants,  the  Ihot  was  incre- 
dibly deftruftive,  and  threw  them  into  confufion. 
In  the  height  of  their  conllemation,  a  vigorous 
M  1  fally 

*  Beaugue,  Hift.  of  the  Campagncs  1548  and  1549,  p.  ^"i, 
Lefly,  de  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb,  p.   172. 


$4  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

fally  was  made  by  the  befieged.  Deffe,  repulfed 
but  not  difpirited,  renewed  the  affault  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  was  again  difcomfited.  He  now  turned 
his  arms  againfl  Broughty  caftle,  and,  though  un- 
able  to  reduce  it,  he  yet  recovered  the  neighbour- 
ing town  of  Dundee,  which  had  fallen  into  the 
poffeffionof  the  enemy.  Hume  caftle  was  retaken 
by  ftratagem.  Deffe  entered  Jedburgh,  and  put  its 
garrifon  to  the  fword.  Encouraged  by  this  fuc- 
cefs,  he  ravaged  the  Englilh  borders  in  different 
incurfions,  and  obtained  feveral  petty  victories. — 
Leith,  which  from  a  fmall  village  had  grown  into 
a  town,  was  fortified  by  him ;  and  the  iiland  of 
Inchkeith,  which  is  nearly  oppofite  to  that  har- 
bour, being  occupied  by  Englifti  troops,  he  un^ 
dertook  to  expel  them,  and  made  them  prifoners, 
after  a  briik  encounter  *, 

His  aftivity  and  valour  could  not,  however, 
compofe  the  difcontents  of  the  Scottifli  nation  ; 
and  the  Queen  Dowager  having  written  to  Hen- 
ry II.  to  recal  him,  he  was  fucceeded  in  his  com- 
inand  by  Monfieur  de  Thermes,  who  was  accom- 
panied into  Scotland  by  MonlucBiihop  of  Valence, 


*  HiNG  Edwarp's  Journal,  p.  6.  Lefly  de  Reb.  Geft. 
Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  174,  175.  Beangue,  Hift.  of  the  Cam- 
yagT3C6  Ji;48  and  1549,  p.  69.  71.  73. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  8^ 

a  perfon  highly  efteemed  for  his  addrefs  and  abili- 
ty. This  ecclefiaftic  was  defigned  to  fupply  the 
lofs  of  Cardinal  Beaton,  and  to  difcharge  the  .of- 
fice of  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  Scotland.  But 
the  jealoufics  of  the  nation  encreafmg,  and  the 
Queen  Dowager  herfelf  fufpeding  his  ambition 
and  turbulence,  he  attained  not  this  dignity,  and 
ibon  returned  to  his  own  country*. 


De  Thermes  brought  with  him  from  France      1549. 
a  reinforcement  of  one  thoufand  foot,  two  hun-  tion  of  hL 


dred  horfe,  and  a  hundred  men  at  arms.  He  e- 
refted  a  fort  at  Aberlady,  to  diflrefs  the  garrifon 
of  Haddington,  and  to  intercept  its  fupplies  of 
proYifion.  At  Coldingham  he  deflroyed  a  troop 
of  Spaniards  in  the  Englifli  pay.  Fafl-caftle  was 
regained  by  furprife,  Diflraftions,  mean  while, 
in  the  Englifli  court,  did  not  permit  the  Proteftor 
to  aft  vigoroufly  in  the  war.  The  Earl  of  War- 
wick was  diverted  from  marching  an  army  into 
Scotland.  An  infeftious  diftemper  broke  out  in 
the  garrifon  at  Haddington  ;  and  an  apprehenfion 
prevailed,  that  it  could  not  hold  out  for  any  length 
of  time  againil  the  Scots.  The  Earl  of  Rutland, 
therefore,   with  a  body  of  troops,  entered   the 

town 

*  Thuanus,  Kid,  fui  temporis,  lib.  v. 


ftilitics. 


86  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

town,  and  after  fetting  foe  to  it,  conduced  the 
garrifon  and  artillery  to  Berwick.  The  Regent, 
in  the  pofTeflion  of  Haddington,  was  folicitous  to 
recover  the  other  places  which  were  yet  in  the 
power  of  the  Englifli.  De  Thermes  laid  fiege  to 
Broughty  caflle,  and  took  it.  He  laid  fiege  to 
Lawder ;  and  the  garrifon  was  about  to  furren- 
der  at  difcretion,  when  the  news  arrived,  that  a 
peace  was  concluded  in  the  plains  of  Picardy,  be- 
tween France,  England,  and  Scotland*, 

Ptacebc-  The  King  of  France  availing  himfelf  of  the 
Frrnce,  Scottifti  waT,  and  the  doraeftic  difturbances  of 
fnd  Scot-  England,  had  taken  arms  to  recover  Boulogne 
and  the  territory  which  had  been  wrefhed  from 
his  crown  by  Henry  VIII.  Many  places  yield- 
ed to  him  ;  and  the  Protestor  Somerfet  was 
in  no  condition  to  flop  his  progrefs.  Charles 
V.  declined  to  afTiil  England  upon  the  pretence, 
that  it  maintained  no  longer  any  connexion 
with  the  church  of  Rome.  The  Queen  of 
Scots  being  removed  into  France,  there  was  no 
fubjeft  for  farther  hoflility  with  the  Scottilh  na- 
tion.    The  Exchequer  of  England  was  exhauft- 

ed; 

^*Lesly,  de  Reb,  Geft,  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  J78,  179. 


land 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  8^ 

ed  ;  the  Proteclor  was  infinitely  diflrefied  to  fup-  Eoof.  :. 
port  the  authority  he  had  ufurped  ;  and  the  *'^4<;, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  who  defeated  him  by  his  intri- 
gues, and  rofe  to  power  upon  his  fall,  being  pref- 
fed  with  the  difficulties  of  his  own  fituation,  was 
fufficiently  eager  to  engage  in  a  negociation  with 
France  and  Scotland.  The  articles  of  the  peace  1550. 
were  foon  fettled.  Henry  II.  obtained  the  refci- 
tution  of  Boulogne  and  its  dependencies  for  the 
fum  of  four  hundred  thoufand  crowns.  A  free 
trade  was  opened  between  France,  England,  and 
Scotland.  No  oppofition  was  to  be  given  to  the 
marriage  of  the  Dauphin  with  the  Queen  of  Scots. 
The  fortrefTes  of  Lawder  and  Dunglas  were  to  be 
reflored  to  Scotland  ;  and  the  Englilli  were  to  de- 
mohfli  the  caftles  of  Roxburgh  and  Ayemouth*. 

After  the  ratification  of  this  treaty  upon  the  part  Th<:  Qo«r. 

of  Scotland  by  Thomas  Lord  Erikine,  who  was  wXe?to 

fent  to  England  for    that    purpofe,  the  Queen  Regincy,'^ 

Dowager  prepared  to  make  a  vifit  to  the  French  Franf e" '° 

court.     She  embarked  at  Leith  with  Leon  Stroz-  September, 
zi,  who  commanded  a  flout  fquadron  of  French 
fliips.     Many  of  the  nobility  attended  her,   and 
gave  a  fplendour  to  her  equipage  and  retinue.-— 

To 

*  Rymer,  Foedsra,  vol.  xv.  p.  211.  217. 


88  HISTORY    Of    THE    REFORMATION 

To  the  King  of  France  flie  opened  her  defign  of 
obtaining  the  government  of  Scotland.  The  fer- 
vices  file  had  rendered  to  his  kingdom,  her  hofli- 
lity  to  England,  and  the  influence  of  her  brothers, 
the  Princes  of  Lorraine,  were  all  arguments  in 
her  favour ;  and  Henry  was  fenfible  that  by  pro- 
moting her  viev/s  he  would  confult  the  befl  inte- 
refls  of  France.  The  people  of  Scotland,  howe- 
ver, having  of  late  imbibed  a  pafTionate  jealoufy 
of  the  French,  the  utmofl  delicacy  and  art  v/ere 
necefTary  to  accomplifh  this  projeft.  To  remove 
the  Regent  by  a  ftrong  a£l:  of  power  might  not 
only  endanger  the  prefent  elevation  of  the  Queen 
Dowager,  but  fix  a  perpetual  bai*  to  obftruft  it  in 
any  future  period.  To  win  him  to  an  abdication 
of  his  high  office  was  difficult,  but  not  impoffible. 
Intrigues  to  effectuate  this  important  purpofe  were 
entered  into  ;  and  to  their  fuccefs  the  Regent  him- 
felf  contributed  in  a  confiderable  degree,  by  enga- 
ging in  tranfaftions  which  gave  the  killmg  wound 
to  his  popularity. 

Therencw.       THOUGH  the  arrogaucc  of  the  French  foldiery 

Jlrfccmi.     had  difgufled  the   Scots,  and  the  impatience  of 

**"*'  temper  common  to  the  two  nations  had  widened 

the  breach,  yet  the  chief  caufe  of  the  jealoufies 

which  animated  the  people  of  Scotland  is  to  be 

traced 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


traced  to  motives  of  religion.  The  firm  hold  Boox  r. 
which  the  Proteftant  doiftrines  had  taken  of  their  ^^^^^ 
affeftions,  communicated  to  them  a  horror  of  Po- 
pery ;  and  they  juftly  confidered  the  French  as 
warmly  interefted  to  maintain  the  ancient  fuper- 
flitions  of  the  church.  Nor  did  the  Regent  re- 
move their  fufpicions.  The  peace  was  hardly  pro- 
claimed, when  he  provoked  the  public  refentment 
by  an  action  of  fanguinary  infolence.  During  the 
continuance  of  the  war  a  relaxation  of  the  eccle- 
fiailical  difcipline  had  prevailed.  While  an  un- 
certain contefl  was  maintained  with  a  Proteftant 
Prince,  maxims  of  felfiflmefs  and  prudence  did  not 
allow  the  clergy  to  be  intolerant.  The  Reform- 
ation having  therefore  extended  itfelf,  and  the 
preachers  of  the  new  doctrines  having  exerted  a 
fuccefsful  aftivity  to  controvert  the  tenets  of  Po- 
pery, the  Regent,  and  his  brother,  the  Archbi- 
ihop  of  St  Andrews,  now  thought  it  expedient  to 
employ  in  their  defence  the  lad  extremity  of  pow- 
er. Adam  Wallace,  a  man  of  fimple  manners, 
but  of  great  zeal  for  the  Reformation,  was  accu- 
fed  of  herefy,  and  brought  to  trial  in  the  church 
of  the  Black  Friars  at  Edinburgh.  In  the  pre- 
fence  of  the  Regent,  the  Earls  of  Angus,  Hunt- 
ley, Glencairn,  and  other  perfons  of  diftinftion 
and  rank,  he  was  charged  with  preaching  with- 
N  eut 


yO  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  QUt  any  authority  of  law,  v/ith  baptizing  one  of 
j^^o^  his  own  children,  and  with  denying  the  doftrinc 
of  purgatory  ;  and  it  was  ftrenuoufly  objefted  to 
liim,  that  he  accounted  prayers  to  the  faints  and 
the  dead  to  be  an  ufelefs  fuperflition  ;  that  he  had 
pronounced  the  mafs  to  be  an  idolatrous  fervice  ; 
mid  that  he  had  affirmed  that  the  bread  and  wine 
in  the  facrament  of  the  altar,  after  the  words  of 
confecration,  do  not  change  their  nature,  but 
continue  to  be  bread  and  wine.  Thefe  offences 
were  efteeraed  too  terrible  to  admit  of  any  pardon. 
The  Earl  of  Glencairn,  alone,  protefled  againd 
his  puniilmient.  The  pious  fufferer  bore  with  re- 
lignation  the  contumelious  infults  of  the  clergy ; 
and  by  his  courage  and  patience  at  the  flake, 
gave  a  fan6i:ion  to  the  opinions  he  had  embraced  *. 

Tiie  tyran-  Other  aftions  of  atrocity  and  violence  jflained 
Resent.'^  the  adminiftration  of  the  Regent.  In  his  own  pa^ 
lace,  William  Chrichton,  a  man  of  family  and 
reputation,  was  aflallinated  by  the  Lord  Semple. 
No  attempt  was  made  to  punilh  the  murderer. — 
His  daughter  was  the  concubine  of  the  Archbi- 
ihop  of  St  Andrev/s,  and  her  tears  and  intreaties 
were  more  powerful  than  jufticc     John  Melvil,  a 

perfon 

'  V  '        "** 

*  Knox,  p.  69.    Spotfwood,  p.  00. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  9i 


perfon  refpe£lable  by  his  birth  and  his  fortune.  Book  l 
had  written  to  an  Englilli  gentleman,  recommending  ^^^^^ 
to  his  care  a  friend,  who  at  that  time  was  a  cap- 
tive in  England.  This  letter  contained  no  impro- 
per information  in  matters  of  (late,  and  no  fufpi- 
cion  of  any  crime  againll  Melvil  could  be  inferred 
from  it.  Yet  the  Regent  brought  him  to  trial 
upon  a  charge  of  high  treafon  ;  and,  for  an  ad 
of  humanity  and  friendftiip,  he  was  condemned  to 
lofe  his  head.  A  tranfaftion  followed  this  out- 
rage, which,  by  pointing  to  its  caufe,  places  it 
in  a  light  the  moft  bafe  and  criminal.  The  efla.te 
of  Melvil,  forfeited  to  his  family,  was  given  to 
David,  the  youngeft  fon  of  the  Regent  *.  Such 
ftretches  of  pov/er  went  home  to  every  man's  feel- 
ings and  underftanding. 

Amidst  the  pleafures  and  amufements  of  the  intrigues  to 

undermine 

French  court,  the  Queen  Dowager  was  not  mat-  ths  Regent. 
tentive  to  the  fcheme  of  ambition  which  llie  had 
projefted.  All  the  alTiflance  in  the  power  of 
Henry  II.  was  at  her  command.  The  Earls  of 
Huntley  and  Sutherland,  Mariflial  and  CafTilis, 
with  the  Lord  Maxwel,  and  other  perfons  of  emi^ 
nence,  v/ho  had  accompanied  her  to  France,  were 
N  2  gained 

"^  Buchanan,  Hill.  R«r.  Scot,  lib,  xv* 


g2  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  I.  gained  over  to  her  iiiterefls.  Robert  Carnegie 
J. ^2^  ofKinnaird,  David  Panter,  Bifliop  of  Rols,  and 
Gavin  Hamilton,  commehdator  of  Kilwinning,  be- 
ing alfo  at  this  time  in  that  kingdom,  and  having 
the  greateft  weight  with  the  Regent,  were  treated 
with  a  mofl:  pmi6tilious  refpe£l:.  Henry  declared 
to  them  his  carn^fl  wifli  that  the  Queen  Dowager 
might  attain  the  government  of  Scotland.  In 
cafe  the  Regent  fliould  confent  to  this  meafure, 
he  expreffed  a  firm  intention,  that  no  detriment 
iliould  happen  to  his  confequence  and  affairs ; 
and  he  defircd  them  to  inform  him,  that  he  had 
already  confirmed  his  title  of  Duke  of  Chatelle- 
rank,  had  advanced  his  fon  to  be  captain  of  the 
Scots  gendarmes  in  France,  and  was  ready  to  ten- 
der other  marks  of  favour  to  his  family  and  rela- 
tions. Upon  this  bufmefs,  and  with  this  meffage, 
Mr  Carnegie  was  difpatched  to  Scotland.  A  few 
days  after,  he  was  followed  by  the  Bifliop  of 
Rofs,  who,  being  a  man  of  eloquence  and  autho- 
rity, was  able,  though  with  great  difficulty,  to 
perfuade  the  Regent  to  a  refignation  of  his  high 
office ;  and  for  this  fervice  he  obtained,  as  a  recom- 
pence,  an  abbey  in  Poitou.  The  Queen  Dowager, 
full  of  hopes,  prepared  to  return  to  Scotland  *. 

The 

*  Lesly,  (Ic  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  J^-bb,  p.  182.     Bu- 
chanan, Hid.  Rer.  Scot,  lib  xvi. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  93 

The  Regent,  in  the  mean  time,  continued  to  Eook  r, 
oppofe  the  progrefs  of  the  Reformation.  An  aft  j^^j, 
of  parliament  was  paffed  for  holding  the  fubjefts  caUffSrs! 
of  Scotland  in  the  true  and  catholic  faith,  by  for- 
feiting to  the  crown  the  moveable  goods  of  all 
perfons  v/ho,  being  accurfed  or  excommunicated, 
fliould  delay  to  reconcile  themfelves  to  the  holy 
church  t-  A  provincial  fynod  was  alfo  celebra- 
ted by  the  Archbiiliop  of  St  Andrews,  which  had 
in  view  the  promotion  of  the  ecclefiaflical  difci- 
pline.  It  confirmed  fome  canons  which  had  been 
formerly  enabled,  to  remove  the  two  great  fources 
of  the  Reformation,  the  profane  lewdnefs  of  the 
eftabUilied  clergy,  and  theit  grofs  ignorance  of  all 
learning  and  fcience.  It  framed  new  regulations 
to  enforce  the  fame  ends,  and  it  commanded  the 
publication  of  a  catechifni,  which  had  been  dra.wn 
lip  for  the  advantage  and  inftruclion  of  the  prieil- 
hood  *. 


In 


f  Black  Acts,  p.  147. 

*  In  a  work  like  the  prefent,  which  is  confined  to  a  par- 
ticular nation,  and  meant  to  be  purely  hiftorical,  it  is  fiiffi- 
clent  to  have  alluded  in  general  terms  to  the  great  and  origi- 
nal caufcs  of  the  Reformation  f .      Thsy  are  chiefly  to  he 

traced 

J  Ses  the  iotroduclory  paragraphs  to  this  volume. 


94 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


1551 
Novcm.  2 


Stotland. 


i?coK  I.         In  her  wiiy  to  Scotland,  the  Queen  Dowager 
made  ufe  of  a  fafe  condU(5);  *  obtained  from  Ed- 
qieen  Ward  VI.  by  Henry  II.  and  landed  at  Portfmouth. 
S°mnf  to     K^^  reception  and  entertainment  were  fplendid 
and  noble  f.     The  young  King  had  not  yet  for- 
got 


traced  in  the  corruptions  of  the  Romifli  church  with  regard 
to  theology,  to  ecclefiaftical  form?,  and  to  the  manners  of 
the  clergy  Upon  this  fubjeft  there  are  excellent  obfcrva- 
tions  in  the  writings  of  Father  Paul,  Mr  Hume,  and  other 
authors  of  eminence  ;  but  I  believe  it  has  not  been  treated, 
with  high  ability,  in  any  regular  and  complete  performance. 
Such  a  publication,  however,  could  not  fail  of  being  inftruc- 
tive  and  entertaining  in  the  higheft  degree.  With  refpeCt  to 
that  depravity  of  manners  in  the  Romifli  priefthood,  which 
gave  fo  much  cfT'.nce  to  the  Scottifli  Reformers,  there  are 
•very  ftrong  and  remarkable  defcriptions  in  old  books  ;  and 
tx  few  extracts  from  them  may  be  acceptable  to  the  enquiring 
reader. 

**  Jam  facerdotes  &  clerici  omnem  Dei  metum  poftpo- 
'*  ncntes,  ut  mimi  ut  fcurrones  vivunt,  &  fcurrilia  loquun- 
^'  tur  :  ea  quse  increpant  vitia  loquuntur,  &  a  fe  removeri 
*'  lion  finunt.  Concubinas  in  pluribus  locis  non  verentur 
*'  palam  fecum  fovere  in  doniibus,  ut  fpurcitiam  fsminent; 
«'  ne  fruvSlus  eorum  marefcant :  de  quibus  poiius  gloriantur 
**  quam  erubcfcunt :  inebnantur,  male  loquuntur,  cum  tef- 
*'  feris  ludunt :  vix  autcm  unquam  ftatuta  jejunia  Ecclefia* 
*•  jejunant,  juramenta  violant,  privLlegiis  clericorum  fs  tuen- 

"  tur, 

*  RvMER,  FosJera,  vol.  xv.  p.  264. 

f  King  Edward's  Journid,  p.  38,  391. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  95 

got  her  beautiful  daughter,  and  did  not  fail  to  Bo  >k  t. 
urge  his  fuperiority  of  claim  to  her  over  the  Dau- 
phin. All  the  advantages  of  her  intended  marri- 
age, the  force  of  his  early  love,  and  its  cruel  dif- 
appointment,  were  fet  before  her.  Avoiding  to 
enter  feriouily  upon  this  topic,  ilie  hinted  a  difap- 
probation  of  the  violence  of  the  Duke  of  Somer- 
fet,  and  exprelTed  a  regret,  that  the  Queen  of 
Scots  had  been  courted  by  arms  and  v/ar,  inflead 

of 


"  tur,  non  ad  virtutes  exercendas  fed  ut  llberius  abfcue 
"  metu  vitia  continuent,  &  mala  malis  accumulent :  convi- 
*'  via  quotidiana  diligunt,  bibuiit  ad  vomitus,  pugnant,  i-ix- 
**  antur,  ftultilcgia  fantur,  mentiuntur,  indabiles,  nullutn 
*'  bonum  propofitum  habentes  :  indevote,  corrupte,  &  male 
*'  orant :  imo  miilti  nihil  orant  :  inconfefll  celebrant,  prx- 
*'  cipue  multi  Phaiifei  :  confefTa  produnr,  julle  viventes  0- 
*'  diunt,  &  verbis  ac  fa6tis  quantum  poflurit  perfequuntur : 
*«  devotos  contemnunt  &  derident,  juftis  obloquuntur,  vi- 
**  duas  &  pupillos  cum  citationibus  &  banno  lasdunt :  inter- 
*•  diftis  eorum  parochias  confundunt,  &  pauperes  cum  eifdcni 
**  opprlraunt :  cum  incautis  contendunt,  ut  eis  maledicatur. 
*'  Unde  occafionem  citandi  &  tribulandi  fumunt  &  exercent. 
*«  Emunt  &  vendunt  veiut  mercatores  temporalia  &  fpiritu- 
"  alia  :  licet  circumlocutionibus  firnoniam  cooperiri  inten- 
*'  dunt.  Simoniace  beneficia  &  facros  ordines  pofiident,  cc 
<'  f-jfcipiunt  feu  affequuntur."  Hernianr.i  Ryd  ds  K.eca 
Traflatus  de  Vita  &  Honeftate  Clericorum. 

«*  Infuper  luxuriofiffimi  funt  omnes,  fornicatoves,  aduheil, 
«'  inceftuofi,  omni  genere  gulofitatis  fua^me  gulofi,  &  ut 

•'  breviter 


96  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

IF. 

Book  I.     of  carelles  and  tendernefs.     T\yo  days  after  hold- 
j  ing  this  converfation,  llie  left  London,  and  pro- 

ceeded to  the  borders  of  Scotland.  By  the  Earl 
of  Bothwel,  the  Lord  Hume,  and  other  nobles, 
flie  was  received  near  Berwick,  and  conduced  to 
Edinburgh,  amidft  the  acclamations  of  the  people, 
who  every  where  teftilied  the  utmoll  fatisfaflioii 
for  her  return  *. 


THEi 


*'  brevlter  tranfeatur  omnl  gencre  flagltii,  facinoris,  abomi- 
•'  nationis  &  novx  in  his  adinventionis,  fecundum  dictum 
*'  prophetse,  coinquinati :  Deo  &  curiae  coelcili  fumme  abo- 
*'  minabiles  &  odibiles  efFedl  ;  quia  per  ipfos  nomen  Del  in 
**  omnibus  gentibus  blafphematur."  Sermo  R.  Groflcteft 
Epifc.  Lincoln. 

**  Concubinatus  In  clero  tarn  publice  &  folemrilter,  & 
*'  mcretriccs  illic  tarn  pretlofe  vcftiuntur  &  tantum  hono- 
**  rantur,  quafi  fic  vivere  unique  fcxui  non  lit  vitiofum  vel 
"  inhoneftum,  fed  honoiabile  &  gloriofum.  Ita  ut  curtefani 
*'  fic  vivere  confueti,  etiam  alias  partes  inficlant,  Sc  inducant 
♦'  in  eas  etiam  eandem  peftiferam  confuetudineni,  Sc  potius 
*•  corruptelam.  Vix  eft  aliquls  tam  fcderatus  aut  fcandalo- 
"  fus,  qui  ad  celebrandum  divinum  officium  non  admittatur. 
"  Vix  til  aliquis  tam  fceleratus  &  mifcr  cui  facri  ordincs 
**  denegcntur."  Matthseus  de  Cracovia  de  SquaroJlbua 
Romanae  Curiae.  See  Append,  ad.  Fafciculum  Rerum  expe- 
tendarum  &  fuglendarum,  p.  142.  252.  585. 

*  Sir  John  Hayward,  p.  324.  LeHy,  de  Rcb.  Gell. 
Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  183. 


OF    RELIGION    IH    SCOTLAND,  97 


The  Queen  Dowager,  who  was  naturally  aiFa-  book  i. 
ble  and  infmuating,  was  difpofed^  at  thi^  period,  i^^^. 
to  be  more  than  ufually  attentive  in  her  demean-  hoi^afj'iff-"^ 
our.  And  the  Regent  having  projefted  a  judicial  and  "haraf- 
circuit  through  the  kingdom,  an  opportunity  was  pie.*  ^^'^ 
afforded  to  her  of  exercifmg  all  her  arts  of  allure- 
ment and  addrefs.  The  pretence  of  this  circuit 
was,  the  reprelTion  of  diforders,  and  the  punifli- 
ment  of  crimes.  But  the  Regent,  mifguided  by 
his  brother,  and  covering  bad  purpofes  with  ho° 
nourable  names,  prefumed  to  molefl  the  people 
by  plunder  and  rapine.  The  innocent  and  the 
guilty  were  fubje^ted  alike  to  his  rapacity.  Great 
fines  were  levied  for  pretended  as  well  as  real 
offences  ;  and  the  Proteflants,  in  particular^ 
feemed  in  an  uncommon  degree  to  draw  his  re* 
mark  and  fe verity.  In  this  progrefs  he  was  ac^ 
companied  by  the  Queen  Dowager,  who  was  in- 
defatigable  in  paying  a  ftudied  and  flattering 
civility  to  the  nobles  and  principal  men  in  the 
different  counties  through  which  they  paffed.  It 
was  impoffible  riot  to  contrail  their  behaviour. 
His  tyranny,  giddinefs,  and  injuftice,  excited  con- 
tempt and  abhorrence.  Her  high  rank  and 
beauty,  her  accomplilliments  and  courtefy,  won 
to  her  the  mofl  general  confidence  and  affection  f, 

O  It 

tt  ■  ■—   •       '    '  ..——..-J 

*  Lesly,  ad  Reg.  Scot.  Geft.  ap.  Jebb,  p.  i8j. 


98  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Took  I.  It  was  HOW  time  to  remind  the  Regent  of  his 
^"^"J^^  engagements  to  the  Queen  Dowager ;  a.nd  the 
Srign^hit  Bifliop  of  Rofs,  to  whom  they  had  been  made, 
h,gh  office,  j^j^  ^j^j^^  J.Q  ^.j^^jj.  execution.     But  the  poiTcfTion 

of  power  was  too  bewitching  to  be  abandoned 
without  a  pang.  The  Regent  was  now  flruck 
with  all  its  charms,  and  yvondered  at  the  pre- 
pofterous  promife  he  had  given.  The  conditions 
held  out  to  him  for  parting  with  authority,  which 
he  himfelf  had  approved  of  as  advantageous  and 
alluring,  appeared  to  be  trifling  confiderations, 
tvhen  compared  with  the  grandeur  which  he  was 
to  lofe.  The  courage  and  magnanimity  with 
which  fuperior  fpirits  pafs  from  greatnefs  and  a 
public  ftation,  to  retirement  and  a  private  life^ 
were  no  parts  of  his  character.  He  wiflied  anxi- 
oufly  to  forego  his  engagements,  and  to  continue 
in  the  Regency.  His  brother,  the  Archbifliop, 
"who  had  been  dangeroufly  ill  of  a  dropfy  when 
he  was  enticed  to  confent  to  the  refignation  of  his 
honours,  fortified  him  in  his  defign  to  maintain 
them.  He  aflured  him  of  the  full  fupport  of  the 
clergy ;  and  the  Regent  thought  of  upholding 
his  importance  by  intrigues  and  policy.  But  his 
importance  had  already  forfaken  him,  and  his  po- 
pularity was  utterly  decayed.  The  young  Queen 
had  chofen  the  King  of  France,  the  Duke  of 

Guif^, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  99 

Guile,  and  the  Cardinal  of  Lorraine,  to  be  her  book  r. 
curators.  Thefe  curators  devolved  all  their  au-  ^-^V^ 
thority  upon  the  Queen  Dowager.  The  nobility 
had  joined  themfelves  to  her  faction.  The  peo- 
ple, infulted  and  fatigued  with  his  government, 
delired  her  elevation,  as  the  greatefl  advantage 
that  could  befal  them.  His  irrefolute  and  feeble 
mind  paffed  from  obftinacy  to  terror.  It  was 
fuggefted  to  him,  that  a  parliamentary  inquiry 
might  be  made  into  the  errors  of  his  adminiftra- 
tion.  He  looked  around  him,  and  could  fee  no- 
thing but  hoftility  and  danger.  Haunted  with 
apprehenfions,  and  folicitous  to  fecure  the  condi- 
tions once  in  his  power,  he  went  to  Stirling  to 
the  Queen  Dowager,  and,  in  a  folemn  manner, 
exprelTed  his  willingnefs  to  execute  the  refignation 
of  his  office.  She  profelTed  the  utmofl  readinefs 
to  enter  into  an  accommodation  and  agreement. 
It  was  ftipulated,  that  he  fliould  fucceed  to  the  i  he  Queen 
crown  upon  the  death  of  the  Queen  without  if-  obSThe 


fue ;  that  his  fon  fliould  continue  in  the  command 
of  the  gendarmes ;  that  no  inquiry  fliould  be 
made  into  his  expenditure  of  the  royal  treafures ; 
that  no  account  fliould  be  taken  of  his  govern- 
ment ;  and  that  he  fliould  enjoy,  in  the  amplefl: 
manner,  his  duchy  and  penfion.  A  parliament 
was  aflembled,  and  thefe  articles  AVere  ratified. — 
O  z  The 


Regency. 


rOO  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  t.  The  royal  crown,  the  fword,  and  the  fceptre,  be- 
1553-  ^"g  furrendered  by  the  Regent,  were  deUvered 
to  the  Queen  Dowager,  by  the  authority  of  the 
three  eflates,  and  by  the  mandate  of  the  young 
Queen,  with  the  confcnt  of  her  curators,  the 
King  of  France,  the  Duke  of  Guife,  and  the  Car- 
dinal of  Lorraine.  With  all  this  anxiety  and  ar- 
tifice, the  Queen  Dowager  advanced  herfeif  tq 
dominion,  and  inquietude,  and  cares. 


THE 


V  I'i.   .-  '  ■  III  ... 

THE 

HISTORY 

OF     THE 

REFORMATION  OF  RELIGION 

IN 

SCOTLAND. 

BOOK    11.  ""       " 


M 


ARY  of  Lorraine,  the  Queen  Dowager,    book  ii. 
did  not  preferve  long  the  popular  affec-   ^-'^v^^ 
tion  which  had  facilitated  her  advancement  to  the  P^  ^"" 

Regent  en- 

Regency.  Her  attachments  to  France  were  open  *^"  "p°"  . 
and  avowed.  To  her  brothers,  the  Duke  of  ^"^'0"- 
Guife  and  the  Cardinal  of  Lorraine,  flie  was  ob- 
fequious  beyond  all  meafure  of  propriety.  To 
Monfieur  D'Qyfel  the  ambaffador  from  the  King 
of  France,  whom  they  entreated  her  to  regard  as 
an  able  and  a  faithful  minifter,  (he  paid  too  fcru- 
pulous  an  attention.  Her  moderation  of  temper, 
and  her  prudence,  fitted  her  admirably  for  go- 
vernment; 


I02  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

-     '  ■  -    ■-'--  ■■= —  ,   ■  ■     —  ..  w 

Book  11.  vemmeiit ;  and  even  her  inJifFerence  on  the  fub- 
^^!^  ject  of  religion  might,  in  a  political  view,  be  e- 
fteemed  a  virtue  in  times  of  controverfy  and  dif- 
putation.  But,  ruling  by  councils  not  her  own, 
flie  expofed  her  character  to  fufpicion,  and  multi- 
plied the  difficulties  and  the  enormities  of  her  ad- 
miniftration. 


tions^ 


proBiD-  The  firfl  action  which  {he  performed  was  not 

merely  impolitic,  but  even  wildly  imprudent. — 
Difregarding  the  Scottifli  ftatefmen,  fhe  filled  fe- 
veral  offices  of  diflin^lion  with  French  gentlemen. 
One  Vilmort  was  made  Comptroller  of  the  Royal 
Revenues ;  Rubay  was  appointed  Keeper  of  the 
Great  Seal,  and  Vice-Chancellor  ^  and  Bonot  was 
promoted  to  the  government  of  the  Orkneys,  a 
place  of  high  profit  *.  The  nobility  of  Scotland 
bore  this  contempt  of  their  prder  with  an  indig- 
nant aftoniffiment  and  filence.  But  the  flame, 
though  fuppreffied,  could  not  be  extinguifhed.  It 
was  to  burft  forth  vvith  the  c[reater  violence. 


Advancfs         The  Reformation  had  hitherto  flouriffied  under 

of  the  Re- 

fprmation.    hardffiips.     But  a  bignefs  of  danger  fcemed  now 

to 


*  Thuanus,  Hill,  fui  Temp.  lib.  xvii.    Lefly,  dc  Reb. 
Gefl.  Scot,  ap,  Jehb.  p.  189. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


1^3 


to  threaten  its  deflruftlon.  The  Queen  Regent  Book  u. 
was  a  Papifl ;  and  the  death  of  Edward  VI.  ha-  ^^J^^ 
ving  opened  the  fucceiTion  of  England  to  Queen 
Mary,  that  furious  bigot  had  already  reflored  the 
Roman  Catholic  fuperflitions.  Thefe  circum- 
ftances,  however,  fo  terrible  in  appearance,  were 
produdive  of  advantages  to  the  Reformed. — 
They  were  admoniflied  to  unanimity  and  watch- 
fulnefs ;  and  many  Englifh  Protellants,  dreading 
the  rage  of  perfecution,  took  refuge  in  Scotland. 
Among  thefe  there  v/cre  feveral  preachers,  who, 
abounding  in  the  learning,  and  ikilled  in  the  con- 
troverfies  of  the  times,  were  fuccefsful  in  promo* 
ting  the  do£lrines  of  the  Reformation,  and  in 
cementing  the  union  of  the  Reformed.  The 
Proteftants,  confcious  of  their  ftrength,  began  to 
confider  themfelves  as  a  body,  and  to  look  out 
for  a  leader.  They  were  too  numerous  and  too 
determined  to  be  oppofed  without  danger ;  and 
their  importance  did  not  efcape  the  penetrating 
eyes  of  the  nobles. 

By  the  removal  of  the  Earl  of  Arran  from  state  of  ths 
power,  the  church  had  declined  in  its  ftrength. 
For,  the  Archbiihop  of  St  Andrews,  difgufled 
with  the  difgrace  of  his  brother,  had  taken  the 
line  of  oppofition  to  the  Queen  Regent.     She 

puniilied 


104  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

^ S 

■ ■ L —  ■       ta 

Book  II.    puniflicd  hiiii  with  neglect,  and  by  degrading  him 

^^■^^y^*^  from  the  office  of  Lord  Hiffh  Treafurer,  which 
J554.  ^  ' 

ihe  conferred  upon  the  Earl  of  Caffilis  *.     He 

was  thus  inflamed  flili  more  in  his  animofity ;  and 

being  polTeffed  of  addrefs  and  capacity,  he  was 

able  to  carry  the  clergy  into  his  views. 

r5';5-         After  promoting  her  foreign  counfellors,  the 
Regent  e-    Queen  Regent  aifembled  a  parliament,  and  appli- 

rafts  bene- 

ficiai  laws,    ed  herfelf  to  advance  the  internal  tranquillity  or 

and  attends 

to  the  exe-  her  kingdom.     Accuftomed  to  the  maxims  and 

cution  of 

juftjce.  the  policy  of  a  more  cultivated  Itate,  they  ex- 
plained to  her  the  advantages  of  legiflation,  and 
inculcated  the  llrift  enforcement  of  juilice.  Ma- 
ny laws  of  high  moment  were  enafted  by  her  f  ; 
and  while  flie  made  a  progrefs  herfelf  through  the 
fouthern  provinces  of  the  kingdom,  to  hold  judi- 
ciary courts,  llie  endeavoured  to  introduce  order 
and  law  into  the  wellern  countries  and  ifles  j  firfl, 
by  the  Earl  of  Huntley,  and  afterwards  by  the 
Earls  of  Argyle  and  Athole,  to  whom  Ihe  grant- 
ed commiflions  for  this  purpofe,  with  efFe(5lual 
powers  |. 

In 

*  Crawfurd,  Officers  of  State,  p.  382. 

f  Black  Acts. 

tLtsty,  de  Reb.  Gcft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  J90,  19X. 


6f    religion    in    SCOTLAND.  t05 

In  another  improvement,  v/hich  the  Queen  eook  it. 
Regent  attempted  by  the  advice  of  her  French  ^^^^^ 
council,  the  manners  and  genius  of  the  nation  ^.^^y'lf"^ 
were  not  fuificiently  confulted.  There  are  pre-  P''°J'''^^'^- 
tautions  and  inftitutions  of  great  utility  in  them- 
felves,  which  do  not  fuit  particular  conditions  of 
fociety,  and  which  politicians  and  flatefmen  cannot 
eflabiiili  with  propriety  or  fuccefs,  till  circum- 
ftances  and  time  have  pointed  out  and  illuftrated 
their  expediency.  Though  a  {landing  army  had 
been  long  familiar  to  the  French,  there  could  be 
nothing  fo  imprafticable  as  its  introduftion  at  this 
time  into  Scotland,  which  was  governed  by  the 
free  and  peculiar  maxims  of  the  feudal  law  *. — 
Yet  the  C)iieen  Regent  was  induced  to  venture 
the  experiment.  It  was  propofed  that  the  poffef- 
{ions  of  every  proprietor  of  land  in  the  kingdom 
(liould  be  valued  and  entered  into  regifters ;  and 
that  a  proportional  payment  fliould  be  made  by 
each.  The  application  of  this  fund  was  to  main- 
tain a  regular  and  ftanding  body  of  foldiers. — ■ 
This  guai-d  or  army,  it  was  urged,  being  at  all 
times  in  readinefs  to  march  againft  an  enemy, 
would  protect  efFeftually  the  frontiers ;  and  there 
P  -%Yonld 


*  Observations   concerning  the  Public  Law  and  ihr. 
•ConR-itinional  Hiftorj'  of  Scotland,  chap.  v. 


Io6  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  would  no  longer  be  any  iiecefTity  for  the  nobles 
^""P'^  to  be  continually  in  motion  on  every  rumour  of 
hoftility  or  incurfion  from  Englifli  invaders.  No 
art,  however,  or  argument,  could  recommend 
thefe  meafures.  A  perpetual  tax  and  a  Handing 
army  were  conceived  to  be  the  genuine  charafter- 
iilics  of  defpotifra.  All  ranks  of  men  confidered 
themfelves  to  be  infulted  and  abufed ;  and  three 
hundred  tenants  of  the  crown  aflembling  at  Edin- 
burgh, and  giving  way  to  their  indignation,  fent 
their  remonflrances  to  the  Queen  Regent  in  a 
flrong  and  expreflive  language* 

Remon-  They  informed  her,  that  their  anceflors  had 

gainfi  it.  been  able  not  only  to  proteft  Scotland,  but  to 
acquire  renown  by  carrying  their  arms  into  Eng- 
land. They  were  not  degenerated  from  their  an- 
ceflors ;  and  England  was  now  lefs  powerful. — > 
No  neceflity  exifted  for  a  humiliating  taxation, 
and  for  bands  of  mercenaries.  The  hves  and  e- 
ftates  of  all  the  landed  proprietors  of  the  nation 
were  at  its  call.  Soldiers,  allured  with  pay,  had 
no  fentiment  of  honour.  It  was  a  wild  infatua- 
tion to  confide  in  them  in  preference  to  men  who 
fought  for  every  thing  that  was  mofl  dear  to 
them,  their  country,  their  reputation,  their  fami- 
lies, their  fortunes.    Money  was  a  feeble  tie  of 

duty. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  10/ 

duty,  and  the  fervice  it  bought  was  cold  and  Ian-    Book  n. 
guid.     And,  if  mercenaries,  when  they  atchieved  , 

their  beft,  were  ineiFeftual  and  without  zeal  as  a 
defence  and  a  barrier,  it  ought  to  be  remem- 
bered that  this  defence  or  this  barrier,  weak  as  it 
was,  could  not  be  relied  upon  as  certain  and  fe- 
cure.  A  higher  bribe  could  compafs  its  treache- 
ry ;  and  the  Kings  of  England  knew  how  to  apply 
their  treafures.  In  confenting  to  the  elevation  of 
the  Queen  Regent,  they  had  exprefled  the  good 
opinion  they  entertained  of  her ;  but  whatever 
confidence  they  might  repofe  in  the  reftitude  of 
her  intentions,  they  were  not  fure  that  this  tax, 
and  this  army,  for  which  fhe  was  fo  anxious, 
would  not  be  abufed  by  their  own  Princes. — 
From  fuch  innovations  the  mofl  deftruftive  cala- 
mities might  proceed.  They  refpefted  their  con- 
ftitution  as  facred ;  and  in  its  {lability  they  ac- 
knowledged a  decifive  proof  of  the  wifdom  with 
which  it  had  been  framed.  They  could  not, 
therefore,  fubmit  to  any  mockery  of  its  forms, 
and  were  not  difpofed  to  furrender  any  of  their 
natural  or  political  rights.  If  the  fundamental 
principles  of  their  compact  and  union  were  inva- 
ded, they  would  yield  to  the  duties  which  they 
owed  to  themfelves  and  to  poflerity  ;  and  draw- 
ing their  fwords,  would  employ  them  to  uphold 
P  2  that 


HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


ijooK  H.    that  venerable  fabric,  which  had  been  built  and 
j^^6,      ceRiented  by  the  valour  and  the  blood  of  their  an- 
ceftors  *. 

These  vigorous  remonftrances  had  a  proper 
efFeft  upon  the  C)ueen  Regent,  But  though  ihe 
abandoned  this  dangerous  projeft,  the  attempt 
flie  had  made  left  a  melancholy  impreffion  in  the 
minds  of  the  people.  They  fufpefted  her  to  be  a 
fecret  enemy  to  their  government  and  liberties ; 
and  they  were  convinced  that  Henry  II.  was  en- 
gaging her  in  refinements  and  artifices,  that  he 
might  reduce  Scotland  to  be  a  province  of  France. 


The  Pro.         While  an  alarm  about  theii-  civil  rights  was 
cover  a  for-  fbrcadinsf  itfelf  among  the  people,  the  Protellants 

billable         ^  ^  o  r      r     J 

ipirit.         were  rifing  daily  in  their  fpirit  and  in  their  hopes. 

John  Knox  '='  ^  ^  '^ 

diainguifli-  John  Knox  f,  whofe  courage  had  been  confirmed 

«ri  himfelf, 

by  misfortunes,  and  whofe  talents  had  improved 
by  exercife,  was  at  this  time  making  a  progrefr. 
through  Scotland.  The  charaderiftic  peculiari- 
ties pf  Popery  were  the  favourite  topics  of  hiii 
declamation  and  cenfui-e.    Tie  treated  the  mafj. 


*  BucHAiiAN,  Jiift.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 

-|  When  he  was  feiit  to  Fraace  with  the  confpirators  a- 
gainfl  Cardinal  Beaton,  he  was  confined  to  the  gallies ;  bii^ 
had  obtained  his  iibeity  in  uie  latter  end  of  the  year  1549- 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  Jog 

ia  particular,  with  the  mod  fovercign  contempt,  Book  h. 
reprefenting  it  as  a  remnant  of  idolatry.  The  ^"-""'^^ 
utmofl  abhorrence  of  it  was  extended  every  where 
by  his  fermons  and  converfation.  The  exemplary 
carriage  of  the  man,  his  zeal,  his  fmcerity,  his 
boldnefs,  attrafted  the  curiofity  of  all,  and  fixed 
the  refpe»5l  and  admiration  of  the  pious.  Many 
of  the  nobility  and  gentry  aftorded  hira  counte- 
aance  and  protection.  They  invited  him  to 
preach  at  then:  houfes,  and  they  partook  with 
him  in  the  ordinances  of  religion,  after  the  Re- 
formed method.  Religious  focieties  and  aflern- 
blies  were  held  publicly,  in  defiance  of  the  church  ; 
and  celebrated  preachers  were  courted  with  affi- 
duity  and  bribes,  to  refide  and  officiate  in  parti- 
cular diflri£ls  and  towns  *. 

The  clergy,  who  beheld  the  conduci  of  Mr 
Knox  wuth  a  concern  mixed  with  furprize,  cited 
bun  to  appear  before  them  at  Edinburgh,  in  the 
church  of  the  Black-friars.  He  did  not  neglect  May  ij, 
theur  citation  ;  and,  upon  the  appointed  day,  pre- 
lented  himfelf,  with  a  numerous  attendance  of 
gentlemen,  who  were  determined  to  exert  them- 
Iblves  in  his  behalf.      The  prieflhood  did  not 

chufe 


*  Knox,  p.  99,  ico. 


ilO         HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

BOOK  ir.  chufe  to  proceed  in  his  profecution  ;  and  Mr 
J  g  Knox,  encouraged  by  this  fymptom  of  their  fear, 
took  the  refolution  to  explain  and  inculcate  his 
do£lrines  repeatedly  and  openly,  in  the  capital  city 
of  Scotland.  Immenfe  crowds  aflembling  to  be 
edified  by  his  knowledge  and  example,  augmented 
his  zeal  and  their  awn. 

It  was  at  this  period  that  the  Earl  of  Glen- 
cairn  allured  the  Earl  Mariflial  to  hear  the  exhor- 
tations of  this  celebrated  preacher ;  and  they  were 
fo  much  affefted  with  his  reafonings  and  rhetoric, 
tliat  they  requefled  him  to  addrefs  the  Queen 
Regent  upon  the  fubje61:  of  the  Reformation  of 
Religion.  He  complied  with  a  defire  fo  flattering 
to  him,  in  a  letter  to  herfelf,  exprefled  in  terms 
more  forcible  than  pleafmg ;  and  the  Earl  of 
Glencairn  delivered  it  with  his  own  hand,  in  the 
expectation  that  fome  advantage  might  in  this 
manner  be  obtained  for  the  Reformed.  But  the 
Queen  Regent  w^as  no  lefs  offended  with  the  free- 
dom of  the  nobleman  than  the  preacher ;  and, 
after  perufmg  the  paper,  (he  gave  it  to  James 
Beaton,  Archbifliop  of  Glafgow,  with  an  ex^ 
prefTion  of  difdain,  "  Here,  my  Lord,  is  a  paf- 
«'  quil." 

Amidst 


or    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLANO,  111 


Amidst  thefe  occupations,  Mr  Knox  received  Book  h. 
an  invitation  to  take  the  charge  of  the  Englifli  ,^^6. 
congregation  at  Geneva,  which  he  accepted.  His 
departure  from  Scotland,  however,  though  it  plea- 
fed  the  clergy,  did  not  extinguilh  their  refentment. 
With  a  daftardly  fpirit,  they  called  upon  him,  in 
his  abfence,  to  appear  before  them,  condemned 
him  to  death  as  a  heretic,  and  ordered  him  to  be 
burned  in  efEgy  *. 

Though  many  fymptoms  prognoflicated  a  di-  The  Qneca 

,        -.  Regent  is 

feltrous  and  turbulent  government  to  the  Queen  defirous  of 

a  war  witit 

Regent,  flie  difcovered  little  anxiety  to  fecure  the  England, 
affeftions  of  the  people.  War  having  been  de- 
clared between  France  and  Spain,  Mary  Queea  of 
England  was  preparing  to  fend  forces  into  Flan- 
ders, to  affift  her  hufband  Philip  II.  The  King, 
of  France  expefted,  upon  this  occafion,  the  aid  of 
Scotland ;  and  the  Queen  Regent  alTembling  a 
parliament  in  the  monaftery  of  Newbottle,  defired 
the  concurrence  of  the  three  eftates  to  a  declara- 
tion of  hoftilities  againft  England.  But  amidft 
the  jealoufies  entertained  of  the  French,  and  in 
the  abfence  of  all  urgent  motives  for  war,  her  re- 
quefl  was  received  with  difguft.      She  defifled 

not, 

*  Spotswood,  p.  94.    Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 


112  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  If.    not,  howcvcr,  ffom  her  purpofc ;  and  v/hat  her 


ijj6. 


influence  could  not  gain,  llie  attempted  to  effeftu- 
ate  by  artifice.  By  the  advice  of  her  French 
Gounfellors,  llie  ordered  Monfieur  D'Oyfel  to  re- 
build the  fortifications  at  Ayemouth,  which  had 
been  difinaDtled  in  confequence  of  the  late  treaty 
of  peace  with  England.  The  Englifli  garrifon  at 
Berwick,  to  prevent  this  biifmefs,  and  to  chaftife 
this  perfidioufnefs,  made  an  inroad  into  Scotland. 
The  Scottiili  nobles  were  offended,  and  what 
their  wifdom  had  refufed  to  the  Queen  Regent, 
was  granted  by  their  paffions.  A  herald  was 
fent  to  denounce  war  againfl  the  Queen  of  Eng- 
land ;  and  a  proclamation  was  iffued  for  collefl- 
ing  a  great  body  of  troops.  Several  fuccefsful 
incurfions  into  the  Englifli  borders  were  made  by 
the  Earl  of  Huntley,  and  a  formidable  army  ad- 
vanced to  Kelfo  under  the  Earl  of  Arran.  While 
the  indignation,  hovv^ever,  of  the  nobility  was 
dying  away,  Monfieur  D'Oyfel,  without  orders 
from  the  General,  but  with  the  connivance  of  the 
Queen  Regent,  paffed  the  Tweed  with  the  French 
ordnance  and  troops,  and  laid  fiege  to  Werk 
caillc.  This  impetuofity,  which  was  meant  to 
haften  the  movements  of  the  Scottifh  nobles,  pro- 
duced the  oppofite  elfeft.  They  confidered  it  a^ 
A  ilretch  of  unpardonabk  infoknce  j  and  new  fuel 

beinc; 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  tl3 

being  added  to  their  jealoufies,  they  infifted  to  Book  ii. 
treat  this  ofEcer  as  an  enemy  to  their  nation.  In  i^^^. 
hiarching  to  the  frontier,  and  in  difcovering  their 
l-eadinefs  to  defend  their  country  againfl  invaders, 
they  had  done  what  they  conceived  to  be  their 
duty.  But,  without  knowing  fully  the  views  of 
the  C)ueen  Regent,  and  the  caufes  of  the  war, 
they  did  not  chufe  to  carry  their  arms  into  Eng- 
land, and  could  conceive  no  controlling  neceffity 
for  a  ftep  fo  important  and  fo  hazardous.  The 
Queen  Regent  was  glad  to  recal  MonfieurD'Oy- 
fel  with  difgrace ;  and  being  ftruck  with  fliame 
for  her  want  of  confequence,  flie  diibanded  an 
army,  which  could  not  be  engaged  in  any  effec- 
tual fervice  to  the  French  King  *, 

Tfie  Injurious  treatment  of  Mi*  Knox  neither  1557. 
obftrufted  the  ambition  nor  the  rivalflaip  of  the  the  Reioi- 
other  preachers.  William  Harlaw  and  John  Wil- 
locks,  Paul  Methven  and  John  Douglas,  upheld 
the  zeal  and  the  courage  of  the  Proteftants.— 
They  kept  their  councils  and  conventions  with 
regularity  and  firmnefs.  Defertions  were  made 
from  Popery  in  every  town  and  village  ;  and  e- 
ven  many  members  of  the  church,  both  fecular 
(^  and 

*-■  ■  '■■  -.     .,■.■ 

f  Pere  Daniel,  Hiftoire  de  France,  tome  y.  p.  599. 


114  HISTORY  OF   THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  and  FCgular,  were  forward  to  embrace  the  prin- 
^^^^tT  ciples  of  the  Reformation,  and  to  atone  for  their 
pafl  miflakes,  by  the  bitterefl  railleries  againfl  the 
corruptions  and  the  folly  of  the  R-omlfli  faith.— 
The  ardour  of  the  populace  broke  out  in  adls  of 
outrage  and  violence.  The  priefls  were  treated 
in  all  places  with  an  indecent  ridicule  and  con- 
tempt. The  images,  crucifixes,  and  reliques, 
"which  ferved  to  rouze  the  decaying  fervours  of 
fuperflition,  were  ftolen  from  the  churches,  and 
trampled  under  foot.  The  bifhops,  provoked 
and  vindiftive,  but  afraid  to  indulge  in  perfecu- 
tions,  called  aloud  to  the  Queen  Regent  to  punifh 
the  preachers,  for  aflembling  the  people  in  illegal 
conventions,  and  for  afts  of  mutiny  and  fedition. 
Citations  were  given  to  the  preachers  to  appear 
in  their  defence.  They  obeyed  the  order  of  the 
Queen  Regent,  but  with  fuch  a  formidable  reti- 
nue, that  it  was  with  difficulty  flie  was  permitted 
to  apologize  for  her  conduft.  James  Chalmers 
of  Gaitgirth,  preffing  forward  from  the  crowd, 
addrelTed  himfelf  to  her ;  "  We  vow  to  God, 
"  that  the  devices  of  the  prelates  (hall  not  be 
"  carried  into  execution.  We  are  oppreffed  to 
*'  maintain  them  in  their  idlenefs.  They  feek  to 
*'  undo  and  murder  our  preachers  and  us  j  and 
\«  we  are  determined  to  fubrait  no  longer  to  this 

"  wickednefs." 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  II5 


"  wickednefs."      The  aflembled  multitude  ap-    Book  ir. 
plauding  his  fpeech,  put  their  hands  to  their  dag-  ^^^^ 


gers  *. 


In  the  feeblenefs  of  the  government,  and  in  Leaders  o£ 


eminence 


their  own  growing  power,  the  Proteflants  found  take  the  di- 
an  encouragement  to  attempt  a  legal  eflablifliment  the  Protef- 
of  the  Reformation.  The  Earl  of  Glencairn,  the 
Lord  Lorn,  John  Erlkine  of  Dun,  and  James 
Stuart,  Prior  of  St  Andrews,  offered  themfelves 
to  be  the  leaders  of  the  faithful.  The  condu£t 
of  the  Proteflants  was  foon  to  become  lefs  irregu- 
lar and  defultory.  Policy  and  addriefs  were  join- 
ed to  zeal  and  argument ;  and  already  the  foun- 
dations were  laid  of  great  events. 

That  the  leaders  of  the  faithful  might  be  able  They  invite 

John  Knox 

to  acquire  the  fullell  confidence  of  the  people,  to  return  to 

^  r      r     ^   Scotland. 

and  aft  with  the  greateft  weight  and  authority, 
it  was  neceffary  that  they  fhould  pofTefs  and  com- 
mand the  afTiflance  and  efforts  of  fome  diflinguifh- 
ed  preacher.  John  Knox  was  pofTefled  of  all  the 
qualifications  which  they  could  defire  in  an  affifl- 
ant  of  this  kind  ;  and,  difpatching  a  trully  mef- 
fenger  to  Geneva,  they  had  invited  him  to  return 

0^2  to 

*  Spotswood;  p.  95.    Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvL 


lip  HISTORY   OF    TilE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  to  liis  own  country.  But,  in  the  infancy  of  their 
^^^y^"^  conneclion,  being  apprehenfive  of  one  another, 
being  uncertain  in  their  councils,  or  being  defert- 
ed  by  perfons  upon  whom  they  had  rehed,  it  ap- 
peared to  them  that  they  had  adopted  this  mea- 
fure  without  a  due  preparation  ;  and  by  oppofitp 
difpatches,  Mr  Knox  was  requefted  to  delay  his 
journey  for  fome  time. 

To  this  zealous  Reformer  their  unfteadinefs 
was  a  matter  of  ferious  affliction  ;  and  in  the  an- 
fwer  he  tranfmitted  to  their  letters,  he  rebuked 
them  with  feverity ;  but  amidfl  the  correction  he 
beftowed,  he  negleCled  not  to  employ  topics  of 
blandifliment  and  hope.  He  entreated  them  not 
to  faint  under  their  purpofes,  from  apprehenfions 
of  danger.  This,  he  faid,  was  to  feperate  thera- 
felves  from  the  favour  of  God,  and  to  provoke 
his  vengeance.  The  enterprize  they  had  imder- 
taken  was  the  greatefl  in  which  they  could  pofli- 
bly  be  engaged.  Their  country  was  in  a  m.ifera-. 
ble  ftate  of  oppreflion,  the  bodies  and  the  fouls 
of  the  people  being  holden  in  bondage.  The 
Reformation  of  Religion,  and  of  public  wrongs, 
was  a  general  concern,  and  not  the  exclufive  bufi- 
nefs  of  potentates  and  clergymen.  In  the  caufe 
which  they  had  embraced,  they  ought  to  be  fer-. 

vent 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  II7 


yent  and  flrenuous.  The  Almighty,  fpeaking  to  book  it. 
their  confciences,  called  upon  them  to  hazard  ^j!?**^ 
their  lives  for  the  deliverance  of  their  nation. — 
Were  they  to  prefer  their  worldly  reft  to  the  glo- 
ry of  God?  or  the  friendfliip  of  the  wicked  to 
the  falvation  of  their  brethren  ?  They  ought  to 
yield  without  referve  to  the  greatnefs  of  the  mo- 
tives which  animated  them  ;  and  while  they  were 
to  receive  honour,  and  tribute,  and  homage  upon 
earth,  they  might  expeft  eternal  joy  and  comfort 
in  the  heavens  *o 


covenant^ 


His  impatient  and  fangulne  temper  was  fully  The  fird 
gratified  in  the  fuccefs  of  his  exhortation.  He 
had  written  other  addreffes.  to  particular  perfons  5 
and  to  all  of  them  the  greateft  attention  was  paid. 
The  favourable  opportunity  of  profecuting  their 
fchemes  was  feized  by  the  leaders  of  the  Protefl- 
ants.  A  formal  bond  of  agreement,  which  ob- 
tained the  appellation  of  The  Firji  Covenant^  was 
entered  into,  and  all  the  more  eminent  perfons 
who  favoured  the  Reformation  were  invited  to 
fubfcribe  it.  The  Earls  of  Argyle,  Glencairn, 
and  Morton,  with  the  Lord  Lorn,  and  John  Er- 
ikine  of  Dun,  led  the  way,  by  giving  it  the  fanc- 

tion 

*  Knox,  p.  107.  110. 


Il8  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  h.  tion  of  their  names.  All  the  fubfcribers  to  this 
jjj-7.  deed,  renouncing  the  fuperftitions  and  idolatry  of 
the  church  of  Rome,  promifed  to  apply  continu- 
ally their  whole  power  and  wealth,  and  even  to 
give  up  their  lives,  to  forward  and  eftablifh  the 
word  of  God.  They  diftinguiflied  the  Reformed, 
by  calling  them  the  Congregation  of  Chrlfl ;  and 
by  the  opprobrious  title  of  the  Congregation  of 
Satan,  they  peculiarized  the  favourers  of  Pope- 
ry *. 


Th.;  Queen  In  the  mean  while,  the  Queen  Regent,  confci- 

Regent  ur-  ^" 

geathe  ous  of  her  precarious  authority,  was  eager  to 

marriage  of 

the  Queen  haftcn  the  marriage  of  her  daughter  with  the 

of  Scots 

with  the  Dauphin.     She  fondly  imagined,  that  the  invefti- 


pauphin. 


ture  of  the  crown  of  Scotland  in  the  fon  of  the 
King  of  France,  would  advance  rapidly  her  inte- 
refts,  bind  the  two  nations  in  a  cordial  union,  and 
enable  her  to  conduft  her  adminiflration  with  a 
power  and  vigour  which  the  Reformers  could  not 
hope  to  refill  with  fuccefs,  any  more  than  the 
Houfe  of  Hamilton.  To  Henry  II.  flie  had  writ- 
ten in  a  preffing  flrain  upon  this  fubjecl ;  and 
though  the  Queen's  marriage  met  with  fome  op- 
pofition  in  the  court  of  France,  the  Princes  of 
Lorraine  triumphed  over  every  difficulty.     The 

French 

*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  II. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  II^ 


French  monarch  prefented,  by  his  ambaffador,  a  book  ir. 
letter  to  the  three  ellates  of  Scotland,  expreffing  ^'"^^'y^ 
his  fatisfaftion  in  the  approaching  marriage  of  his 
fon  with  the  Queen  of  Scots,  and  requefling  that 
proper  perfons  of  rank  and  confideration  fhould 
be  deputed  to  Paris,  to  be  prefent  at  the  folemni- 
ty,  and  to  afliil  in  managing  the  articles  and  con- 
ventions of  the  alliance.     Deputies,  accordingly,  Commif- 

•  rr  1      r         '  i«  fioners  are 

or  commillioners,  were  choien  m  parhament  to  appointed 
reprefent  the  nation,  or  the  three  ellates  of  the  this  bua- " 
kingdom.  Thefe  were,  James  Beaton  Archbi- 
ihop  of  Glafgow,  David  Panter  Biihop  of  Rofs, 
and  Robert  Reid  Bifhop  of  Orkney  ;  George 
Leily  Earl  of  Rothes,  and  Gilbert  Kennedy  Earl 
of  Caffilis ;  James  Lord  Fleming,  and  George 
Lord  Seton ;  James  Stuart  Prior  of  St  Andrews, 
and  John  Erikine  of  Dun.  A  commiffion  to 
thefe  deputies,  and  to  Antonia  de  Bourbon,  Du- 
chefs  of  Guife,  to  aft  in  the  intended  marriage, 
was  alfo  given  by  the  Queen  of  Scots  herfelf. — 
And,  upon  the  part  of  the  Queen  Regent,  a 
power  was  granted  to  the  Duchefs  of  Guife  to  ap- 
pear for  her,  and  to  exprefs  her  approbation  and 
concurrence  *. 

The 

*  Lesly,  de  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jfbb,  p.  197,  198. — 
Keith,  Append,  p.  12.  18.  19.  Danie!,  Hift.  ds  Fracc?» 
tome  y.  p.  600. 


12b  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


£ooK  If.        The  inftruftions  to  the  Scottifh  deputies  have 


ftnStions     ^^<^6^  J^^o"^  t^^  parliamentary  edift  in  approbation 
of  their  conduft  *.     They  were  enjoined  to  ob- 
tain, from  the  Queen  of  Scots,  decifive  deeds  iii 
ratification  of  the  ftatute  or  ordinance,  in  confe- 
quence  of  which  her  Majefty  was  fent  into  France. 
One  inflrument,  or  charter,  to  this  purpofe,  to 
which  her  curators  were  to  be  parties,  was  to  be 
granted  before  her  marriage  ;  and  another  deed 
of  ratification  was  to  be  given  after  her  marriage, 
with  the  confcnt  of  the  King  of  France,  and  the 
Dauphin  her  hufband.     Other  inflruments  were 
to  be  executed,  in  which  the  King  of  France,  the 
Queen  of  Scots,  and  the  Dauphin,  were  to  give 
fecurity  to  the  promifes  which  had  been  made  to 
the  Earl  of  Arran,  and  to  exprefs  their  determi- 
nation to  fiipport  his  right  to  the  Scottilli  crown. 
The  Queen  Regent  was  to  receive  from  the  Queen 
of  Scots,  and  the  Dauphin,  a  commifiioh  of  Re- 
gency, to  be  in  force  while  they  continued  to  be 
abfent  from  Scotland.     And  a  charter  from  the 
Queen  of  Scots  and  the  Dauphin  was  to  exprefs 
their  folemn  and  deliberate  refolution,  to  obferve 
and  fuftain,  in  the  amplefh  manner,  the  indepen- 
dency, 

-♦-""»        -■  ■   ■  ■  ■'  '  .1  =^5=ss=a 

*  Keith,  Append,  p.  13, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  121 


dency,  the  laws,  and  the  hberties  of  the  bcottilh  ^°°^  "• 
nation.  155S. 


All  this  anxious  attention  in  the  JDarhament  The  perfi- 
dious nia- 
of  Scotland,  v/hlie  it  is  expreffive  of  fagacity  and  nagement 

,  of  the  courc 

wiidom,  betrays  a  violent  fufpicion  of  the  views  of  France. 
and  policy  of  France.  But  to  the  orders  given 
to  the  Scottilli  commiiTioners  no  objections  were 
made.  The  whole  articles  and  inllruflions  were 
executed  in  every  point,  with  a  minute  and  cere- 
monious  exadlnefs.  Under  this  appearance,  how- 
ever, of  refped  and  candour,  there  was  concealed 
a  deteftable  perfidioufnefs.  The  King  of  France, 
and  the  Princes  of  Lorraine,  enjoyed  in  an  unli- 
mited degree  the  confidence  of  the  Queen  of 
Scots,  who,  upon  account  of  her  early  youth, 
could  poffefs  little  knowledge  or  experience  in  af- 
fairs. Abuling  this  confidence,  and  infulting  the 
dignity  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  they  engaged 
her  privately  to  put  her  name  to  three  extraordi- 
nary deeds,  or  inftruments.  By  the  firll,  llie 
conveyed  her  kingdom,  in  a  frep  gift,  to  the 
King  of  France  and  his  heirs,  in  the  default  of 
(Children  of  her  own  body.  By  the  fecond,  flie 
afiigned  to  him,  if  {lie  Ihould  die  without  child- 
ren, the  pofieffion  of  Scotland,  till  he  fliould  re- 
ceive a  million  of  pieces  of  gold,  or  be  amply 
R  '  repaid 


122  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  repaid  for  the  funis  expended  by  him  in  her  edu- 
^^]^  cation  and  entertainment  while  in  France.  And 
by  the  third,  flie  confirmed  both  thefe  grants,  in 
an  exprefifive  declaration,  that  they  contained  the 
pure  and  genuine  fentimcnts  of  her  mind  ;  and 
that  any  papers  which  might  be  obtained  from 
her  before  or  after  her  marriage,  by  the  defires 
and  the  arts  of  the  Scottifh  parliament,  fnould  be 
invalid,  and  of  no  power  or  efficacy  *. 

April  24'        Amidst  thefe  tranfaftions,  the  marria?e  of  the 

I  he  mam-  '  ° 

age  of  the    Dauohin  with  the  Queen  of  Scots  was  celebrated 

<v>ueen  of  *  ^ 

•\"  D^"'^     with  uncommon  pomp.     By  die  contraft  of  raar- 
phin.  riage,  he  was  permitted  to  aflume  the  title  of 

King' of  Scotland  f  ;  and,  immediately  after  the 
nuptial  ceremony  was  performed,  the  Scottifh 
commiflioners,  in  the  name  of  the  three  eflates, 
took  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  him.  But  the  court 
of  France  being  unfatisfied  with  the  empty  title 
of  King,  did  not  fcruple  to  demand,  that  the 
crown  of  Scotland,  and  the  other' enfigns  of  roy- 
alty, fliould  be  delivered  up  to  the  Dauphin.— 
The  commiffioners,  however,  declared  that  they 

had 


*  Burnet,  Hift.  of  the  Reformation  in  England,  toJ. 
iii.  p.  280.     Records,  p.  279. 

t  Keith,  Append,  p.  15^ 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  1 23 

had  received  no  commands  upon  this  fubjeft  from  Book  ir. 
the  parliament  of  Scotland.  It  was  then  requeft-  ^^Jg/ 
ed  of  them,  by  the  Chancellor  of  France,  that 
upon  their  return  home  they  fliouid  employ  all 
their  influence  to  obtain  the  crown  matrimonial  to 
the  King  Dauphin ;  and  that,  in  the  mean  time, 
they  would  exprefs  their  refolution  to  undertake 
this  commiiTion,  under  their  fubfcriptions  and 
feals.  But  the  commiflioners,  offended  juftly 
with  this  fpirit  of  incroachment,  informed  him, 
that  they  were  limited  by  inftruftions  which  they 
could  not  exceed  or  violate  without  treachery ; 
and  that  it  became  not  the  ancient  ally  of  Scot- 
land thus  to  tranfgrefs  the  bounds  of  moderation, 
and  inftead  of  the  tcndemefs  of  friendihip,  to  ex- 
hibit the  extravagance  of  ambition  *.  This  pa- 
triotifm  was  not  acceptable  to  the  court  of  France; 
and  four  of  the  CommiHioners  dying  before  they 
could  embark  for  Scotland,  a  fufpicion  was  enter- 
tained that  they  were  poifoned  by  the  Princes  of 
Lorraine  f. 

Henry  II.  though  he  could  not  but  know,  that 

the  mixed  form  of  government  which  prevailed  in 

R  2  Scotland 

*  Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 

t  Mezerai,  Hift.  de  France,  tome  ii.  p.  1125.     Thu.> 
Rus,  Hift.  fui  temp.  lib.  3«. 


124  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  II.  Scotlaiid  did  not  permit  an  unlimited  power  in  the . 

^?J^  Prince,  was  yet  warmly  impreffed  with  the  fancy, 

pariiamcnf  that  Very  ample  prerogatives  might  be  connected 

is  obtained 


crown  ma- 
trimonial . 
to  the  Dau- 
phin. 


to  give  the  with  the  crown  matrimonial.  After  the  furvi- 
ving  deputies  had  explained  their  tranfaflions  to 
the  Scottiili  parliament,  he  continued  to  prefs  this 
favourite  projecl.  The  young  Queen  herfelf  ap- 
plied to  the  three  eftates,  defiring  that  the  crown 
matrimonial  might  be  conferred  upon  her  huf- 
band.  The  French  AmbaHador  wasaclive  in  dif- 
tributing  bribes  and  promifes.  .  The  influence 
of  the  Qu^en  Regeiit  was  exerted  in  the  fulled; 
manner  ;  and  the  party  for  the  Reformation,  wil- 
ling at  this  time  to  win  her  favour,  bellowed  the 
full  weight  of  their  concurrence  in  an  emergency 
fo  interefting  to  her  *.  The  Earl  of  Arran,  ap- 
prehcnfive  for  his  claim  to  the  crown,  remonflrated 
againfl  the  danger  of  eutrufling  too  much  power 
with  the  Dauphin  ;  and  the  clergy,  aftuated  by 
the  Archbifliop  and  his  "brother,  turned  away  tlie 
current  of  their  favour  from  the  King  of  France 
and  the  Queen  Regent.  But  all  oppcfition  wa<? 
inefieftual  and  vain.  An  adl:  of  parliament  waspaf- 
ed,  confenting  to  the  deiireof  the  young  Queen, 
and  conferring  upon  the  Dauphin  the  crown  matri- 
monial. 


*  It   is  probable  that  they  had  obtained  fome  favoiiraWc 
proaiifcs  from  her.    See  a  Record  in  Burnet,  vol.  iii.  p.  2  7$» 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND. 


iiionial,  as  a  gratification,'  during  tlieir  marriage,  Book  it. 
but  without  any  prejudice  to  the  Hberties  of  her  ^T^o/^ 
kingdom,  to  the  heirs  of  her  body,  or  to  the  order 
of  the  royal  fucceflion  *.  Amidfl  thefe  redraints, 
it  is  diiEcuIt  to  comprehend  the  advantages  which 
v,"ere  fo  earneftly  fought  by  the  court  of  France. — 
It  is  certain,  hov/ever,  that  the  Earl  of  Arran  trem- 
bled with  fufpicions,  and  entered  a  protell:  in  par- 
liament, that  the  coronation  of  the  Dauphin  lliouici 
not  prejudge  or  invalidate  his  rights  f. 

In  compliance  with  the  ordination  of  the  three 
eftates,  the  Queen  Regent  appointed  the  Earl  of 
Argyle  and  James  Stuart,  Prior  of  St  Andrews,  to 
carry  the  crown  matrimonial  into  France.  But 
this  tranfaflion  was  never  to  be  completed. — ■ 
Thefe  leaders  of  the  Reformation  forgot  altoge* 
ther  their  embalTy  in  the  importance  of  more  ani- 
mating cares.  The  King  Dauphin  was  never  to 
receive  the  crown  matrimonial ;  and  the  Queen 
Regent,  in  the  attention  which  flie  found  neceffary 
to  herfelf,  neglected  fortunately  to  terminate  an 
intrigue,  which,  in  all  the  (tages  through  which 
it  paiTed,  is  difgraced  by  duplicity  and  guilt. 

After 

*  Keith,  p.  76. 

t  Buchanan,  Hifi:.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi.    LcHy,  de  Rebj 
Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  203,  20^. 


126  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  After  the  leaders  of  the  Reformation  had  fub- 
^^^^  fcribed  the  firft  covenant,  they  addrelled  letters  to 
SimsTo  Jo^^  Knox,  urging  in  the  llrongefl;  terms  his  re- 
Re'forma!  ^um  to  Scotland  ;  and  that  their  hopes  of  his  af- 
^°'^  fiflance  might  not  be  difappointed,  they  fent  an  ad- 

drefs  to  John  Calvin,  the  celebrated  Reformer, 
begging  him  to  join  his  commands  to  their  entrea- 
ties. The  Archbifliop  of  St  Andrews,  who  per- 
ceived the  rifing  ftorm,  was  in  a  difficult  fitua- 
tlon.  A  powerful  combination  threatened  ruin  to 
the  church  ;  and  he  had  feparated  himfelf  from  the 
politics  of  the  Queen  Regent.  The  zeal  of  the 
Roman  Catholics  pointed  out  ftrong  meafures  to 
him  ;  and  his  difpofitions  were  pacific.  The  Cler- 
gy were  offended  with  his  remiffnefs  and  neglcft 
of  duty.  The  Reformers  detefted  his  loofenefs  of 
priniples,  and  were  fliocked  with  the  dilTolute  de^^ 
pravity  of  his  life  and  converfation.  He  refolved 
to  try  the  force  of  addrefs,  and  did  not  fuccced. 
He  then  refolved  to  be  fevere,  and  was  Hill  more 
unfuccefsful. 


The  Arch-       The  Earl  of  Argyle  was  the  moft  powerful  of 
Andrews     the  Reformed  leaders.     To  allure  him  from  his 

endeavours 

to  gain  the  party,  the  Archbifuop  of  St  Andrews  employed 

Earl  of  Ar- 

gyle  from    the  agency  of  Sir  David  Hamilton.   He  reprefent- 
mirs.         ed  to  the  Earl,  by  this  melTenger,  the  antiquity  of 

the 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  127 

the  blood  of  his  houfe,  its  unfpotted  glory,  the  af-  Book  17, 
fe(Slion  he  bore  to  it,  and  the  delire  with  which  he  ^^^Js/ 
was  animated  to  perpetuate  its  fame.  He  conjur- 
ed him  not  to  give  way  to  herefy,  and  to  aker  his 
religion  in  his  old  age.  He  held  out  the  terrors  of 
the  law,  and  touched  upon  the  forrow  with  which 
his  heart  would  be  penetrated,  if  any  peril  or  ca- 
lamity (hould  efFe£l  his  Lordfhip,  his  fon,  or  his 
houfe.  He  inveighed  with  great  bitternefs  againfl 
John  Douglas,  the  reformed  preached,  whom  the 
Earl  entertained  as  his  Chaplain  ;  and  he  begged 
to  have  the  permiiTion  to  fend  a  learned  man  to 
him,  who  knew  well  all  the  true  dofbines  of  the 
Catholic  faith.  In  fine,  he  urged,  that  "  the 
moans,  the  cries,  and  the  murmurs  of  the  Queen," 
the  churchmen,  the  fpiritual  and  temporal  eflates, 
and  the  more  efteemed  of  the  people,  all  compelled 
him  to  aftions  of  vigour  and  feverity  *. 

This  policy  of  the  Archbifliop  operated  to  his 
difadvantage  with  the  Earl  of  Argyle.  The  kind- 
nefs  he  afte£led,  and  the  advices  he  beflowed,  were 
no  compliment  to  the  underftanding  of  this  noble- 
man ;  and  his  threats  were  regarded  with  fcom. 
All  the  refolutions  of  the  Earl  were  fortified  the 
more  ftrongly,  by  an  application  which,  in  one 


Knox,  p.  iti.  113. 


128  HISTORY    OF  -THE    REFORMATION 

■^     ■—  ^ 

Book  11.  view,  might  be  confidered  as  a  declaration  of  war 
iss^  from  the  church,  and  in  another  as  a  fymptom  of 
its  weaknefs.  The  Reformers,  inftead  of  lofmg  their 
courage,  felt  a  fentiment  of  exukation  and  tri- 
umph ;  and  the  Earl  of  Argyle  happening  to  die 
about  this  time,  he  not  only  maintained  the  new 
doctrines  in  his  lad  inoments,  but  intreated  his  fon 
tofeekfor  honour  in  promoting  the  public  preach- 
ing of  the  gofpel,  and  Jefus  Chriil,  .and  in  the  ut- 
ter ruin  of  fuperflition  and  idolatry  *. 


The  mar- 
tyrdom of 
Walter 
MUl. 


It  was  determined  by  the  Archbiiliop  and  the 
Prelates,  that  this  difappoiiitment  iliould  be  fuc- 
ceedcd  by  a  furious  perlecution  of  the  Reformed, 
and  that  the  church  fhould  exhauft  all  her  rage 
and  thunder.  V/alter  Mill,  a  pried,  had  negleft- 
ed  to  officiate  at  the  altar,  and  having  been  long 
under  the  fufpicion  of  herefy,  was  carried  to  St 
Andrews,  committed  to  prifon,  and  accufed  before 
the  Archbiiliop  and  his  fuffragans.  He  was  in  an 
extreme  old  age  ;  his  powers  of  nature  were  near- 
ly,exhauited ;  and  he  had  Itruggled  all  his  life  with 
poverty.  He  funk  not,  however,  under  the  hard- 
nefs  of  his  fate.     To  the  articles  of  his  accufation 

he 

•*  Kt-ith  VI.6-J.  Kncx^  p.  114,  ii8. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  129 


he  replied  with  fignal  recolle^lion  and  fortitude  *.    Book  n. 
The  firmnefs  of  his  mind,  in  the  emaciated  ftate  of     j^^g. 
his  body,  excited  admiration.     The  infuhs  of  his 
enemies,  and  their  contempt,  ferved  to  difcover  his 
S  fuperiority 


*  His  examination  is  recorded  with  an  intercfting  fitn- 
|)licity  by  Archbifhop  SpotfwGod. 

*'  Sir  Andrew  Olipliant,  one  of  the  Arcbbifliop's  priefls, 
rommanding  him  to  arlfe  (for  he  was  upon  his  knees)  and 
anfwer  to  the  articles,  faid,  "  Sir  Walter  Mill,  get  you  up 
*'  and  anfwer,  for  you  keep  my  Lord  here  too  long."  He 
notthelefs  continued  his  devotion  ;  and  that  done,  he  arofei 
and  faid,  ♦'  he  ought  to  obey  God  more  than  men  ;  I  ferve  a 
**  mightier  Lord  than  your  Lord  is.  -'^  nd  where  you  call  me 
*'  Sir  Walter,  they  call  me  Walter,  and  not  Sir  Walter.  I  have 
**  been  too  long  one  of  the  Pope's  knights.  Now  fay  what 
*•  you  have  to  fay." 

**  Oliphant  then  began  with  this  queflion,  "  What  thinkcil 
*'  thou  of  priell's  marriage  V  He  atifwered,  "  I  efteera  it 
*'  a  blefied  bond,  ©rdained  by  God,  approved  by  Chrift,  and- 
*'  made  free  to  all  forts  of  men  ;  but  you  abhor  it,  and  in  the  ^ 
*'  mean  time  take  other  men's  wives  and  daughters  j  you  vow 
*'  chaftity,  and  keep  it  not.'* 

*'  Oliphant  proceeding,  faid,  *'  Thou  fayeft  that  there  is  not 
**  feven  facraments."  He  anfwered,  *•  Give  me  the  Lord's 
♦'  Supper  and  Baptifme,  and  take  you  the  left  and  part  them 
*'  among  you." 

"  Oliphant,  Thou  fayeft  that  the  mafs  Is  idolatry."  He 
anfwered,  "  A  Lord  fendeth  and  calleth  many  to  his  dinner, 
'*  and  when  it  is  ready,  ringeth  the  bell,  and  they  come  into 

.  «  the 


130  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  fuperiorlty  over  them.  His  pride  was  lifted  the 
^"^y^  more  by  their  attempts  to  humble  him.  When 
the  clergy  declared  him  a  heretic,  no  temporal 
judge  could  be  found  to  condemn  him  to  the  fire. 
•  He  was  refpited  to  another  day ;  and  fo  great  fym- 
pathy  prevailed  for  his  misfortunes,  that  it  was  ne- 
ceflary  to  allure  one  of  the  Archbiihop's  domeflics 
to  fupply  the  place  of  the  civil  power,  and  to  pro- 
nounce 

*♦  the  hall,  but  he  turning  his  back  upon  the  guefts,  eateth  all 
*«  himfelf,  giving  them  no  pan  ;  and  fo  do  you." 

**  Olipha}2t,  Thou  denieft  the  facrament  of  the  alter  to  be  the 
**  body  of  Chrift  really  in  flefli  and  blood.**  He  anfwered, 
**  The  fcripture  is  not  to  be  taken  carnally,  but  fpiritually  ; 
**  and  your  mafs  is  wrong  ;  for  Chrift  was  once  offered  on  the 
*'  crofs  for  man's  fins,  and  will  never  be  again,  for  then  he  put 
**  an  end  to  all  facrifices." 

•*  Oliph.  Thou  denieft  the  office  of  BiHiop.'*  He  anfwered, 
"  1  affirm  they  whom  you  call  Bifhops  do  not  Bifliop's  works, 
*•  nor  ufe  the  office  of  Bifhops,  but  live  after  their  own  fen- 
*'  fual  pleafures,  taking  no  care  for  the  flock,  nor  yet  regard- 
*'  ing  the  word  of  God." 

**  Oliphanty  Thou  fpeakefl  againft  pilgrimage,  and  calleft  it 
**  a  pilgrimage  to  whoredom."  He  anfwered,  *'  I  fay  that 
**  pilgrimage  is  not  commanded  in  the  fcriptures,  and  that 
"  there  is  no  greater  whoredom  in  any  place  than  at  your  pil- 
*'  grimage?,  except  it  be  in  the  common  brothels." 

*'  Ol:phai:t,  Thou  preacheft  privately  in  houfes,  and  fome* 
"  times  in  the  fields."  He  anfwered,  ♦'  Yea,  man,  and  upon 
"  the  fea  too,  when  I  am  failing."^ 

«  Oliphanf, 


QF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


nounce   the  fentence  of  condemnation.      When  book  ir. 

brou^rht  to  the  flake,  the  refolution  of  this  fufferer  ^"^'"'^'y*^ 

'=>  '  1558. 

did  jiot  forfake  him.      He  praifed  God,  that  he 


had  been  called  to  feal  up  the  truth  with  his  life  ; 
and  he  conjured  the  people,  as  they  would  efcape 
eternal  death,  not  to  be  overcome  by  the  errors 
and  the  artifices  of  Monks  and  Priefts,  Abbots 
and  Biihops  *. 


The  barbarity  of  this  execution  affected  the  Re-  The  Re- 
formed with  inexprelTible  horror.     As  they  had  think  of  re 
increafed  to  a  moft  formidable  number,  the  blow  subfcrip. 
was  unexpe<5led.     The  church  adding  contempt  to  taken  for 
cruelty,  they  felt  furprize  and  aftoniihment,  a.s  well 
as  indignation  and  rage.     AH  the  mifery  of  their 
condition  difplayed  itfelf  to  them.     By  yielding  to 
the  light  of  their  confcience  and  underftanding, 
S  2  they 


**  Oilplant,  If  thou  wilt  not  recant  thy  opinions,  I  will 
"  pronounce  fentence  againft  thee."  He  anfwercd,  "  I  know 
*'  I  muft  die  once,  therefore,  as  Chrifl  faid  to  Judas,  ^lod 
**  facts  fac  cito ',  yo\i  fhall  know  that  I  will  not  recant  the 
*«  truth,  for  I  am  corn,  and  no  chaff;  I  will  neither  be 
*'  blown  away  with  the  wind,  nor  buril  with  the  flail,  but  will 
«'  abide  both." 

"  Thefe  anfwers  he  gave  with  great  boldnefs,  to  the  admi- 
ration of  all  that  were  prefent."     Hift.  of  the  church,  p.  96. 

*  Buchanan,  Hift.  Rcr.  Scot.  lib.  xtI.    Knoy,  p.  13Q. 


132  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

n  1.1  ■    ...    .  -  ■-  -r^, — I'g; 

Book  II.  they  cxpofcd  themfelves  to  a  cruel  death.  By 
^^^g/  conforming  to  the  eftabliilied  faith,  they  hazarded 
their  falvatlon.  To  continue  in  this  ftate  was  to 
prolong  their  torture  ;  and  if  there  was  a  remedy 
for  their  wretchednefs,  it  feemed  to  them  that  they 
.  were  entitled  to  apply  it.  If  temporal  Judges  and 
Biftiops  could  fupport  with  impunity  the  empire  of 
idolatry,  and  appeal  to  the  flake  and  the  gibbet, 
it  could  not,  they  imagined,  be  criminal  in  them 
to  flretch  out  their  hands  to  uphold  the  truth,  and 
to  dafh  from  them  with  fcorn  the  infolence  of  op- 
preflion.  Unacquainted  with  the  fubtleties  and 
refinements  of  government  and  polity,  they  yield- 
ed to  the  fentiments  which  were  fuggcfled  by  the 
pain  and  the  preiTure  of  dilEculties  and  dangers. — 
They  joined  in  a  work  of  Reformation.  Sub- 
fcriptions  for  mutual  defence  were  taken.  Per- 
fons  moved  with  zeal,  or  attracted  with  the  love, 
of  change,  engaged  in  circuits  through  the  king- 
dom, to  collefl  the  voices  of  the  faithful.  Defign 
and  art  concurred  with  piety,  novelty,  and  reli- 
gion. The  leaders  of  the  Reformation,  difperfmg 
their  emiifarics  to  every  quarter,  encouraged  the 
vehem.ence  of  the  multitude.  The  covenant  to  e- 
flablifli  a  new  form  of  religion  extended  from  the 
few  to  the  many.  Amidft  the  turbulence  and  dif- 
cord  of  the  paffions,  and  interefls  of  men,  the  foft 

voic« 


Ol'    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


yoke  of  humanity  and  reafon  was  not  heard. —    book  n. 


The  fliarp  point  of  the  fword,  not  the  calm  exer-  ^-^'VvV 
tion  of  enquiry,  was  to  decide  the  difputes  of  theo- 
logy. 


When  the  leaders  of  the  Reformation  were  ap-  The  Pro- 
prized  of  the  ardent  zeal  of  the  people,  and  con-  gree  tjio- 
iidered  the  great  number  of  fubfcriptions  which  from  the  * 
had  been  colledled  in  the  different  counties  of  the  gene.  * 


gene. 


kingdom,  they  affembled  to  deliberate  concerning 
the  ileps  to  be  purfued.  To  proceed  in  their  bu- 
finefs  with  an  avowed  and  open  contempt  of  the 
eflabliflied  authority,  appeared  to  them  a  violation 
of  all  juftice  and  law.  For  the  obje£t  they  fought 
was  a  redrefs  of  grievances,  not  the  deilru£lion  of 
the  government.  It  was  refolved,  accordingly, 
that  a  public  and  common  fupplication  of  the 
whole  body  of  the  Proteflants  iliould  be  prefent- 
ed  to  the  Queen  Regent ;  which,  after  complain- 
ing of  the  injuries  they  had  fuifered,  fliould  re- 
quire her  to  beftow  upon  them  her  fupport  and 
iilHftance,  and  urge  her  to  proceed  in  the  work  of 
a  Reformation.  To  explain  their  full  meaning,  a 
a  fchedule,  containing  particular  demands,  v/as,  at 
the  fame  time,  to  be  expofed  to  her  fcrutiny.  To 
Sir  James  Sandilands  of  Calder  they  committed 
the  important  charge  of  their  manifelto  and  arti- 
cles 


134  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  ti.  cIcs  of  Reformation  ;  and  in  appointing  him  to 
^^^^  this  commiffion,  they  confuked  the  refpe£l  which 
was  due  botk  to  the  government  and  to  them- 
felves.  His  char  after  was  in  the  highefl  eftima- 
tion.  His  fervices  to  his  country  were  numerous; 
his  integrity  and  honour  were  fuperior  to  all  fu- 
fpicion ;  and  his  age  and  experience  gave  him  au- 
thority and  reverence. 

Thdrfup.  The  petition,  or  fupplication  of  the  Protefl- 
^  '  ants,  was  exprelled  in  ftrong,  but  refpe^ful  terms. 
They  told  the  Queen  Regent,  That  though  they 
had  been  provoked  by  great  injuries,  they  had 
yet,  during  a  long  period,  abflained  from  affem- 
bling  themfelves,  and  from  making  known  to  her 
their  complaints.  Banifhment,  confifcation  of 
goods,  and  death  in  its  moil  cruel  Ihape,  were  e- 
vils  with  which  the  Reformed  had  been  long  af- 
ilifted ;  and  they  were  ftill  expofed  to  thefe  dread- 
ful calamities.  Continual  fears  difturbed  them ; 
':  and  they  felt  the  wafte  and  anguifli  of  fecret  grief. 

Compelled  by  their  fuiFerlngs,  they  prefume,d  to 
aflc  a  remedy  againfl:  the  tyranny  of  the  prelates 
and  the  eflate  ecclefiaflical.  They  had  ufurped 
an  unlimited  domination  over  the  minds  of  men. 
Whatever  they  commanded,  though  without  any 
fanftion  from  the  word  of  God,  mull  be  obeyed. 

Whatever 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I35 

Whatever  they  difcharged,  though  from  their  book  ir. 
own  authority  only,  mufl:  be  avoided.  All  argu-  ^'^'^"^ 
ments  and  remonftrances  were  equally  fruitlefs 
and  vain.  The  fire,  the, faggot,  and  the  fword, 
were  the  weapons  with  which  the  church  enfor- 
ced and  vindicated  her  mandates.  By  thefe,  of 
late  years,  many  of  their  brethren  had  fallen; 
and  upon  this  account  they  were  troubled  and 
wounded  in  their  confciences*  For,  conceiving 
themfelves  to  be  a  part  of  that  power  which  God 
had  eflablilhed  in  this  kingdom,  it  was  their  duty 
to  have  defended  them,  or  to  have  concurred  with 
them  in  an  open  avowal  of  their  common  religion. 
They  now  take  the  opportunity  to  make  this  a- 
vowal.  They  break  a  filence  w^hich  may  be  mif- 
interpreted  into  a  juftification  of  the  cruelties  of 
their  enemies.  And  difdaining  all  farther  diiii- 
mulation  in  matters  which  concern  the  glory  of 
God,  their  prefent  happinefs,  and  their  future 
falvation,  they  demand,  that  the  original  purity 
of  the  Chriftian  religion  fhall  be  reftored  ;  and 
that  the  government  Ihall  be  fo  improved,  as  to 
afford  them  a  fecurity  in  their  perfons,  their  opi- 
nions, and  their  property  *. 

With 

*  Collection  of  Recordsj  No.  Ill 


Boor.  n.        With  this  petition,  or  fupplication  of  the  Pro- 

^"^^^^  teflants.    Sir   James  Sandilands   prefentcd   their 

fchedule  of  demands,  or  the  prehminary  ai'ticle- 

of  the  Reformation.     They  were  in  the  fpirit  of 

their  fupplication,  and  of  the  following  tenor. 


Heads  of         I.  It  fliall  be  lawful  to  the  Reformed  to  perufc 

Reforma-         ,  .  •        i  i 

tion.  the  Scriptures  m  the  vulgar  tongue ;  and  to  em- 

ploy alfo  their  native  language  in  prayer  publicly 
arid  in  private. 


II.  It  fliall  be  permitted  to  any  perfon  qualified 
by  knowledge,  to  interpret  and  explain  the  difE- 
cult  palTages  in  the  Scriptures. 

III.  The  election  of  mmiflers  (hall  take  place 
according  to  the  rules  of  the  primitive  church ; 
and  thofe  who  eleft  (hall  enquire  diligently  into 
the  lives  and  doftrines  of  the  perfons  whom  they 
admit  to  the  clerical  office  *. 

IV.  The  holy  facrament  of  baptifm  fliall  be  ce-' 

lebrated  in  the  vulgar  tongue,  that  its  inftitution 
and  nature  may  be  the  more  generally  under- 
ftood. 

V.  TH£ 


*  Spotswoow,  p.  iiS. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  ,    I37 


V.  The  holy  iacrament  of  the  Lord's  fupper    Book  il 
fiiall  likewife  be  adminiftered  in  the  vulgar  tongue ;     \^f^ 
and  in  this  communion,  as  well  as  in  the  ceremo- 
nial of  baptifm,  a  becoming  refpet^t  fhall  be  paid 
to  the  plain  inflitution  of  Chriil  Jefus. 


VI.  The  wicked  and  licentious  Hves  of  the  bi- 
fliops,  and  eflate  ecclefiaflical,  fliall  be  reformed  ^ 
and  if  tliey  difcharge  not  the  duties  of  true  and 
faithful  paftors,  they  fliall  be  compelled  to  delift 
from  their  miniflry  and  functions  *. 

From  a  fpirit  of  oppoCtion  to  the  eflabliflied  ihe  Queen 
church,  and  from  the  hope  of  advantage  to  them-  pears  to  ia- 

_  •  '~'  vour  the 

felves,  the  Protellanfs  had  courted  the  Queen  Reformed. 
Regent,  by  affording  her  a  powerful  aid  in  the 
tranfa6lions  which  concerned  France  and  the  Dau- 
phin. In  her  turn,  flie  was  not  wanting  in  a 
fhow  of  cordiality  and  friendfliip ;  and,  by  this 
affeftation,  flie  gratified  her  refentments  agalnfl 
the  Archbiiliop  of  St  Andrews,  and  the  Houfe  of 
Hamilton.  The  unaninlity,  however,  of  the  Prb- 
teilants,  their  fubfcriptions  for  mutual  defence, 
the  power  aod  ability  of  their  leaders,  the  force 
of  their  remonftrances,  and  the  peculiarities  of 
T  their 

*  See  Colkaion  of  Records,  No.  Ill- 


i^S         HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

sooK  11.  their  demands,  all  confpired  to  involve  her  in  the 
iij8.  greateft  perplexity  and  uneafmefs.  It  was  not  a- 
greeable  to  her  to  yield  to  their  views,  and  it  was 
dangerous  to  oppofe  thera»  Adopting  an  indeci- 
llve  conduft,  flie  flattered  them  with  hopes.  She 
alTurcd  the  Proteljtants,  by  Sir  James  Sandilands, 
their  orator  or  commil^oner,  that  every  thing  they 
could  legally  defire  iliould  be  granted  to  them ; 
and  that,  in  the  mean  time,  they  might,  without 
moleftation,  employ  the  vulgar  tongue  in  their 
prayers  and  religious  exerclfes.  But,  upon  the 
pretence  that  no  encouragement  might  be  given 
to  tumults  and  riot,  flie  requefted  that  they  would 
hold  no  public  aflemblies  in  Edinburgh  or  Leith. 
The  Congregation,  for  this  name  was  now  affb- 
med  by  the  Proteilants,  were  tranfported  with 
thefe  tender  proofs  of  her  regard  ;  and  while  they 
fought  to  advance  flill  higher  in  her  efleem,  by 
the  inoffenfive  quietnefs  of  their  carriage,  tliey 
were  encouraged  to  perfiil  in  the  undertaking 
they  had  begun,  and  to  accomplilli  the  work  of 
the  Reformation  *. 

Nor  to  the  clergy,  who  at  this  time  w'ere 
holding  a  provincial  council  at  Edinburgh,  did 

the 

*  BvcHANAN,  Hid.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I39 

the  Congregation  fcruple  to  communicate  the  ar-    Book  ii. 
tides  of  the  intended  Reforniation.     The  clergy     \^^^ 
received  their  demands   with  a  florm   of  rage,  of 'Refo?* 
which  died  away  in  an  innocent  debility.     Upon  prefemedTo 
recovering  from  their  paffions,   they  offered  to  '^^^^"''sr- 
fubmit  the  controverfy  between  them  and  the  Re- 
formed to  a  public  difputation.     The  Congrega- 
tion did  not  refufe  this  mode  of  trial ;  and  deil- 
red,  as  their  only  conditions,  that  the  Scriptures 
might  be  confidered  as  the  ftandards  of  orthodoxy 
and  truth,  and  that  thofe  of  their  brethren  who 
were  in  exile,  and  under  perfecution,  might  be 
permitted  to  affiil  them.     Thefe  requefts,  though 
reafonable  in  a  high  degree,  were  not  complied 
with  ;  and  the  church  would  allow  no  rule  of 
right,  but  the  canon  law  and  its  own  councils. — > 
Terms  of  reconciliation  were  then  offered  upon 
the  part  of  the  eftate  ecclefiaflical.     It  held  out 
to  the  Proteftants,  the  liberty  of  praying  and  ad- 
miniflering  the  facraments  in  the  vulgar  tongue, 
if  they  would  pay  reverence  to  the  mafs,  acknow- 
ledge purgatory,  invoke  the  faints,  and  admit  of 
petitions  for  the  dead.     To  conditions  fo  ineffec- 
tual and  abfurd,  the  Congregation  did  not  deign 
to  return  any  anfwer  *. 

T2  The 


*  Spotswood,  p.  1:9. 


I40  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  h.        The  meeting  of  the  parliament  approached. — 
j^^g.      The  parties  m  contention  were  agitated  with  an- 
tcftants  re-   xictics,  apprehcnfions,  and  hopes.     An  expefta- 
appiVto      tio^  of  ^  fi^"ni  and  open  affiftance  from  the  C)ueen 
parjiamcnt.  p^gggj^j.^  g^^g  couragc  to  the  Reformed;   and, 
from  the  parliamentary  influence  of  their  friends 
in  the  greater  and  the  lefler  baronage,  they  ex- 
pected the  mofl  important  fervices.     They  drew 
up  with  eagernefs  the  articles  which  they  willied 
to  be  pafTed  into  a  law  ;  and  as  the  fpirit  and 
fenfe  of  their  tranfa6tions  are  to  be  gathered  m 
the  completeft  manner  from  the   papers  whfch 
were  framed  by  themfelves,  it  is  proper  to  attend 
to  them  with  a  punctilious  exaftnefs.     Their  peti- 
tions were  few  and  explicit. 


"heir  PCti- 


I.  They  could  not,  in  confequence  of  principles 
which  they  had  embraced,  from  a  conviftion  of 
their  truth,  participate  in  the  Romifti  religion. — 
It  was  therefore  their  defire,  that  all  the  adis  of 
parliament,  giving  authority  to  the  church  to  pro- 
ceed againft  them  as  heretics,  fliould  be  abroga- 
ted ;  or,  at  Icaft,  that  their  power  fliould  be  fuf- 
pended,  till  the  difputes  which  had  arifen  were 
determined,  and  brought  to  a  conclufion. 

II.  They 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I41 


II.  They  did  not  mean  that  all  men  lliould  be    Book  ir, 
at  liberty  to  profefs  what  religion  they  pleafed,   ^"^^^"^^ 


1J58. 


without  the  control  of  authority.  They  confent- 
ed  that  all  tranfgrellbrs  in  matters  of  faith  fliould 
be  carried  before  the  temporal  judge.  But  it  was 
their  wifli  that  the  clergy  ftiould  have  only  the 
power  to  accufe ;  and  they  thought  it  conform- 
able to  juilice,  that  a  copy  of  the  criminal  charge 
Ihould  be  lodged  with  the  p3.rty  upon  trial,  and 
that  a  competent  time  fliould  be  allowed  him  to 
defend  himfelf. 

III.  They  infifted,  that  every  defence  confident 
with  law  fliould  be  permitted  to  the  party  accufed ; 
and  that  objeftions  to  witnelTes,  founded  in  truth 
and  reafon,  fliould  operate  to  his  favour. 

IV.  They  defired  that  the  party  accufed  fliould 
have  permiiTion  to  interpret  and  explain  his  own 
opinions  ;  and  that  his  declaration  fliould  carry  a 
greater  evidence  than  the  depofition  of  any  wit- 
nefs  J  as  no  perfon  ought  to  be  puniflied  for  reli- 
gion, who  is  not  obfliinate  in  a  wicked  or  damna- 
ble tenet. 

V.  In  fine,  they  urged,  that  no  Proteflant 
fliould  be  condemned  for  herefy,  without  being 

convidled 


142  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  11.    convifted  by  the  word  of  God,  of  the  want  of 
15 J  8.      that  faith  which  is  neceflary  to  falvation  *. 


Re' em^r"  The  Congregation  prefented  thefe  articles  to 
PmeVam  ^^^  Queen  Regent,  in  the  fond  hope,  that  Ihe 
would  not  only  propofe  them  to  the  three  eftates 
alTerabled  in  parliament,  but  employ  all  her  in- 
fluence to  recommend  them.  While  flie  difcou- 
raged  not,  however,  the  fentiments  they  entertain- 
ed in  her  favour,  ihe  objefted  to  the  expediency 
of  their  propofal.  It  was  dangerous,  fhe  faid,  to 
prefer  their  requefts  to  parliament,  when  the  ec- 
clefiaflical  board  was  inflamed  to  a  fierce  oppofi- 
tion  ;  and,  if  flie  iliould  venture  upon  this  meafure, 
fhe  was  certain  of  drawing  the  whole  weight  of 
the  church  againfl  her  in  other  matters  which 
were  of  high  importance.  She  therefore  recom- 
mended it  to  them,  to  wait  for  a  more  convenient 
opportunity  of  preffing  their  purpofes,  and  to  de- 
pend upon  her  zeal  and  fervices. 

Their  pro-        This  behaviour  did  not  fatisfy  the  leaders  of 

tcllation. 

-  the  Congregation.     They  began  now  to  fufpefl 
the  fmcerity  of  the  Queen  Regent  5    and  they 

were 


*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  IV^ 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I43 

were  fenfible  that  their  petitions,  though  they  book  n. 
had  been  carried  in  parliament,  could  not  have  ^''^^ 
paffed  into  a  law  without  her  confent.  They 
thence  abftained  from  prefenting  them ;  but  as 
their  complaints  and  defires  were  fully  known  in 
parliament,  they  ordered  a  folemn  declaration  to 
be  read  there,  in  their  behalf,  and  demanded  that 
it  fhould  be  inferted  in  the  records  of  the  nation. 
In  this  declaration,  after  exprcffing  their  regret 
for  having  been  difappointed  in  their  fcheme  of 
Reformation,  they  protefted,  that  no  blame  fliould 
be  imputed  to  them  for  continuing  in  their  reli- 
gion, which  they  believed  to  be  founded  in  the 
word  of  God ;  that  no  danger  of  life,  and  no 
political  pains,  ihould  be  incurred  by  them,  for 
difregarding  ftatutes  which  fupport  idolatry,  and 
for  violating  rites  which  are  of  human  invention  ; 
and  that,  if  infurreftions  and  tumults  fliould  di- 
fturb  the  realm,  from  the  diverlity  of  religious 
opinions,  and  if  abufes  fliould  be  corre^led  by  vio- 
lence, all  the  guilt,  diforder,  and  inconvenience 
thence  arifmg,  infl:ead  of  being  applied  to  them, 
fliould  be  afcribed  to  thofe  folely  who  had  refu- 
fed  a  timely  redrefs  of  wrongs,  and  who  had  de- 
fpifed  petitions  prefented  with  the  humility  of 
faithful  fubjecls,  and  for  the  purpofes  of  eflablifli- 

ing 


144         HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.    ing  tlic  commaiidments  of  God,  and  a  mofl  juft 
i^^  and  falutary  Reformation  *. 

The  three  eftates  received  this  formidable  pro- 
tefl  with  attention  and  refpe^l ;  but  the  intention 
of  inferting  it  in  the  national  records  was  aban- 
doned by  the  Congregation,  upon  a  formal  pro- 
mife  from  the  Queen  Regent,  that  all  the  matters 
in  controverfy  fliould  fpeedily  be  brought  by  her 
to  a  fortunate  iiTue. 


The  prfliti-       Though  difpofed  neither  to  bigotry  nor  per- 
thc  Queen    fecutiou  by  her  temper  and  underftanding,  the 


Regent. 


Queen  Regent  was  yet  willing  to  maintain  the 
Romiiii  religion.  She  rcfpefted  the  antiquity  of 
this  fyftem  of  faith  ;  llie  did  not  diflike  the  hum- 
ble fubraiffions  it  required  in  its  votaries  ;  llie 
dreaded  the  dangers  of  innovation  ;  and  flie  could 
not  dived  herfelf  of  the  prejudices  of  her  educa- 
tion. Her  fentiments  coincided  with  the  politic? 
of  the  French  court,  and  received  a  confirmation 
from  that  quarter.  Her  brothers,  the  Princes  of 
Lorraine,  pojGTeffed  an  authority  over  her  that  ap- 
proached to  dominion  ;  and,  by  their  addrefsy 
they  were  able  to  drive  her  difpofitions  and  paf- 

frons 


*  CoLjLECTioN  of  R-scords,  No.  V, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


M5 


fions  to  a  point  of  the  utmoft  violence  and  obfli-  Book  ii. 
nacy.  The  marriage  of  the  Queen  of  Scots  to  ^^!^ 
the  Dauphin  had  advanced  tlieir  power  to  an 
exorbitant  height ;  and  they  were  foHcitous  to 
add  to  their  confeqtierice,  by  governing  Scotland 
in  a  defpotic  manner,  by  the  means  of  the  Queen 
Regent.  In  the  tendency  and  nature  of  all  thefe 
caufes  and  circumllances,  there  were  danger  and 
hoftility  to  the  Reformed  ;  and  an  ev^t  of  great 
importance  put  them  into  action  with  'their  fullefl 
influence. 


Mary,  Queen  of  England,  having  died  of  jea-  The  King 
ioufy  and  difcontent,  after  a  fllort  and  inglorious  declares " 
reign,  the  Princes  or  Guife  mlilted  upon  the  claim  of  Scots  t:. 

^  "  be  the  heir 

ot  the  Queen  of  Scots  to  her  crown.     The  King  oitheKng- 

f,  ^    Illh  crown. 

ot  r  ranee  took  an  early  opportunity  to  declare 
her  publicly,  at  Paris,  to  be  the  Queen  of  Eng- 
land by  right  of  blood,  as  the  defcendarit  of  Mar- 
;garet,  the  eldeft  daughter  of  Henry  VII.  to  the 
exclufion  of  Elizabeth,  whom  he  held  to  be  the 
daughter  of  Henry  VIII.  by  an  illegal  matYiage  *. 
He  prevailed  with  the  Queen  of  Scots  to  affume 
tlie  title  of  Qiieen  of  England,  and  to  (lamp 
U  money 


*  Camdes,  Hift.  of  Q^  Elizabeth,  ap.  Kennet,  vol.  ii. 
p.  378.     Mczeray,  Hiftoirede  France,  tome  ii.  p.  1129. 


146  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION* 

in-  ■■  .  r-"  vr 

Book  11.  money  under  this  charafter.  The  arras  of  En^- 
^^C^  land  were  quartered  with  thofe  of  France  and 
Scotland  ;  and  with  a  profufe  and  premature  pa- 
rade, they  were  employed  as  ornaments  to  the 
plate  and  furniture  of  the  Queen  of  Scots  and  the 
Dauphin.  The  court  of  France  dreaded  the 
abiUty  of  Queen  EHzabeth,  and  her  zeal  againft 
Popery.  By  fupporting  the  pretenfions  of  the 
Queen  of  Scots,  they  might  keep  alive  the  intef- 
tine  divifions  of  England.  The  Roman  Catholics 
in  that  kingdom  were  ftill  numerous  and  power- 
ful ;  and  the  Pope  might,  in  compliment  to  the 
church,  be  engaged  to  pronounce  the  illegitimacy 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  *. 

1559-  While  the  King  of  France  and  the  Princes  of 

tie  incites 

the  c>neen    Lorrainc  were  meditating  the  humiliation  of  this 

Reg^ent  to 

perfccute      ijlullrious  Princcfs,  they  depended  upon  the  power- 

the  Refor- 
med, ful  affiflance  of  the  Scottilh  nation.     The  Queen 

Regent  was  perfectly  at  their  devotion  ;  but  from 
the  Reformed  they  had  reafon  to  expeft  a  warm 
opposition  to  their  views.  It  was  therefore  expe- 
dient to  give  a  check  to  the  Congregation ;  and 
as  a  flight  wound  might  irritate  rather  than  inti- 
midate, it  was  refolved  to  flrike  a  violent  and  o- 

verpowering 

*  State  Papers  publifhed  by  Dr  Forbes,  vol.  i-  p.  1 73. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  I47 


verpowering  blow.      Counfels  the  mod  bold  and    Book  ii. 
favage  fuggefted  themfelves.     The  total  deflruc- 


1359- 


lion  of  the  leaders  of  the  Reformation  was  pro- 
jected. The  Queen  Regent,  forgetting  her  pru- 
dence, her  humanity,  and  her  fex,  was  preparing 
to  build  fcalFolds,  and  to  flain  herfelf  with  blood*. 


The  fufpicions  which,  during  the  fitting  of  the  Breach  bc- 

•      1  •         1  '     1        r    1       -n        tween  the 

parliament,  were  excited  in  the  minds  of  the  Re-  Qiicen  rc. 

gent  and 

formed,  by  the  artificial  condufl  of  the  Queen  the  con- 

gregation. 

U  2  Regent, 


*  Sir  Nicholas  Throkmortok,  the  Englifh  ambafla- 
dor  at  the  court  of  France,  writes  thus  to  Sir  Williara  Cecil, 
Secretary  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  "  I  am  informed,  that  two 
*'  daies  agoo,  upon  their  confultation  here  for  matters  of 
^'  Scotland,  the  Cardinal  of  Lorraine,  the  Duke  of  Guife, 
*'  and  others  of  that  boufe,  have  as  much  as  they  could  per-^ 
«<  fuaded,  that  the  way  to  amend  the  garboyles  there,  is  to 
"  caufe  the  Earl  of  Argyle,  the  Prior  of  St  Andrews,  other- 
*•  wife  called  the  Baftard  of  Scotland,  and  the  Lord  Dun, 
••  to  be  apprehended,  their  goodes  confifcat,  and  they  ihem- 
**  felves  to  lofe  their  lives  ;  and  the  like  to  be  done  to  a 
*'  aumber  of  other  inferiors  :  for,  fay  they,  fo  long  as  thefe 
*'  men  remaine,  Scotland  cannot  be  kept  in  obedience  either 
**  to  the  church,  or  to  the  King  or  the  Queeq  Dolphin. — 
<*  Whereupon  they  have  determined  to  ufe  this  extreme  man- 
*•  ner  of  Reformation  ;  whereof  I  am  advertifed  by  fuch  a 
*'  one  as,  both  for  God's  caufe,  and  the  faving  of  their  lives, 
*•  feemed  verey  defirous  and  to  wyfh,  that  they  had  know- 
**  ledge  what  is  meant  towards  them  ;  which  I  leave  to  your 
»*  confideration  to  be  ufed  and  followed,  as  you  (hall  thinks; 
<'  convenient.'*     Dr  Forbes,  State  Papers,  yol.  i.  p.  152. 


148  TIISTORY    OF    THZ    REFORMATION 


Book  ii.    Regent,  were  fully  con  finned  upon  its  difibluliono 
^^■^'^^*^  Slie   reconciled   herfelf  to   tlie   archbifliop  of  St 


K^59- 


Andrews,"  and  to  the  clergy,  who  Vvere  infinitely 
flattered  by  her  advances.  She  proclaimed  through- 
out the  kingdom  a  folemn  obfervance  of  the  fefti- 
val  of  Eafter.  Shehe.rfelf  received fufl  the  facra- 
ment ;  and  it  was  her  pleafure  that  all  tlie  perfons 
of  her  houfliold  fliould  receive  it.  By  the  flu- 
died  pun£i;uality  of  her  carriage,  flie-defired  to  eii- 
courage  the  prieflhood,  and  to  throw  a' contempt 
upon  the  Proteflarits.  She  wa$  now  heard  fre- 
quently to  fay,  that  the  royal  authority  had  been 
infulted,  and  that  it  was  her  determined  purpofe 
to  reftore  it  to  that  reverend  efteem  which  It  had 
lofl.  Inquiries  were  made  after  all  the  preachers 
of  the  Congregation,  and  citations  were  fent  to^ 
tliem  to  appear  at  Stirling,  to  anfwer  to  the 
charges  which  might  be  preferred  ifgainfl  them. 
The*  impending  ftorm  was  obferved  by  the  lenders 
of  the  Reformation.  Alexander  Earl  of  Glen- 
cairn,  and  Sir  Hugh  Campbell  of  Loudon,  were 
deputed  to  admonifli  her  not  to  perfecute  the 
preachers,  unlefs  they  had  been  obnoxious  by 
circulating  erroneous  do^lrines,;  or  by  diflurbing 
lier  government.  Unable  to  rcilrain  her  temper, 
file  told  them,  that  the  preachers  fliould  be  ba- 
niflied  from  Scotland,  though  their  doctrines  were 

as 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I49 


as  found  as  thofe  of  St  PauJ.  The  deputies  en-  eook  u. 
treated  her  to  be  more  moderate,  and  to  call  to  ^-^'y^^ 
mind  the  repeated  promifes  of  kindnefs  which  flie 
had  made  to  the  Congregation.  Her  paffions  in- 
creafed  in  their  violence.  "  The  promifes,"  faid 
file,  "  of  Princes,  ought  not  to  be  claimed  with 
*'  rigour,  and  are  only  binding  when  fubfervient 
"  to  their  conveniency  and  pleafure."  They  re- 
plied with  indignation  and  fortitude,  "  If  thefe 
"  are. your  fentiments,  the  Congregation  can  no 
*'  longer  acknowledge  your  authority,  and  mufl 
"  renounce  the  allegiance  of  fubjefts.'*  Her 
mind  was  agitated  with  pride,  anger,  and  aflonifli- 
raent*. 

It  was  not  long  before  the  news  was  brought,  The  Refor- 
mation is 
that  the   Reformation  was  eflablidied  at  Perth,  eUabiinied 

.  .  at  Perth. 

the  inhabitants  having  embraced  publicly  the  new 
opinions.  The  Lord  Ruthven,  the  Provoll  of 
that  city,  being  commanded  into  her  prefence, 
Ihe  peremptorily  enjoined  him  to  fupprefs  the  re- 
ligious novelties  which  lir.d  arifen  within  the  li- 
mits of  his  jurifdifticn.  He  informed  her,  that 
he  was  inveflsd  with  no  power  over  the  minds 
and  the  confciences  of  men.     She  ordered  the 

Provofl 

*  BucHANiK,  Hill.  Rer,  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 


150  HISTORY    Of    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  II.  Provofl  of  Dundcc  to  apprehend  Paul  Methven, 
^^■*^7^*^  a  preacher,  who  had  offended  her.  He  did  not 
difpute  her  authority,  but  fent  privately  a  meffage 
to  the  delinquent  to  provide  for  his  fafety.  Her 
proclamation  for  the  obfervance  of  Eafter  was 
neglefted  and  defpifed.  There  were  multitudes 
in  every  quarter,  who,  refufing  to  communicate, 
exclaimed  that  the  mafs  was  an  idol,  and  that 
they  abhorred  all  idolatry  and  iiiperflition  *. 

The  New  citations,  in  the  mean  time,  had  been 

prepare  to  givcu  to  all  the  preachers  to  appear  at  Stirling. 
foSe  '^  They  prepared  for  their  trial,  and  gathered  them- 
gcat.  felves  into  a  body,  with  an  attendance  of  Proteft- 

ants  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  Upon  their 
approach  towards  Perth,  John  Erlkine  of  Dun, 
whom  they  refpefted  alike  for  his  prudence  and 
his  zeal,  advanced  before  them,  to  acquaint  the 
Queen  Regent,  that  this  convocation  of  the  Re- 
formed was  made  with  a  view  that  they  might 
offer  a  profelllon  of  their  common  religion  with 
the  preachers,  and  alTiil  them  with  their  teilimo- 
ny.  Struck  with  their  unanimity,  dreading  their 
power,  though  they  were  without  arms,  and  be- 
ing informed  of  their  fervor,  fhe  entreated  him  to 

flop 

*  Spotswood,  p.  121.     Knox,  p.  134,  ^SS' 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SGOTLANO.  l^i 


flop  their  march  ;  and,  affe(fting  candour  and  fin-    book  n. 
cerity,  aflured  him,  that  all  proceedings  againfl  ^•'"V^i^ 
the  preachers  fhould  be  abandoned.     Mr  Erikine, 
defn-ous  of  quiet,  and  confident  of  the  good  in- 
tentions of  the  Queen  Regent,  exerted  himfelf 
with  fuccefs.     The  multitude  was  difmiffed  ;  and 
the  barons  and  gentlemen  of  the  Congregation 
remained  at  Perth  with  the  preachers.     When 
the  day  of  citation  arrived,  the  preachers,  con-  Mayia? 
forming  to  the  agreement,  did  not  prefent  them- 
felves  at  Stirling.     They  were,  notwithflanding, 
denounced  to  be  rebels  for  this  neglefi: ;  and  ail 
perfons  were  prohibited,  under  the  penalty  of 
high  treafon,  from  affording  them  any  comfort  or 
alTiftance.     A  violation  of  faith  fo  ignoble,  dif- 
graced   the   dignity   of  government.       Diflrufl:, 
fufpicion,  and  terror  of  the  civil  power,  fpread 
themfelves  among  all  ranks  of  the  people.     Mr 
Erikine,  inflamed  by  the  aifront  put  upon  his  un- 
derftanding,  and  afliamed  of  having  been  diflio- 
noured  as  a  tool  of  deceit,  haflened  to  apologize 
to  the  Congregation  for  his  conduft,  and  to  urge 
them  to  provide  for  the  mod  defperate  extremi 
ties  *. 


At 


*  Knox,  p.  136. 


J  52  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


uooK  u.  At  this  critical  period  John  Knox  arrived  iii 
^^?J^  Scotland,  in  comphance  with  the  fecond  invitation 
prt£hes"at  ^v'hich  had  been  addrelTed  to  him  by  the  leaders 
Thc'dcmo-  of  ^^^^  Protcftants.  It  was  not  the  nature  of  the 
SonafterS  ^^^  ^^  ^^  inaftive.  He  flew  to  Perth,  to  triumph 
with  the  brethren,  or  to  perifli  with  them.  The 
perfidioufnefs  of  the  Queen  Regent,  the  procla- 
mation denouncing  the  preachers  to  be  rebels, 
and  the  fpirited  remonftrances  of  Mr  Erfldne,  had 
prepared  the  Reformed  for  eveiy  thing  that  was 
mofl  violent.  Knox,  afcending  the  pulpit,  point- 
ed all  the  thunder  of  his  eloquence  againil  idola- 
try. The  people,  moved  to  madnefi;  by  what 
was  termed  the  abomination  of  idols  and  images, 
thought  of  doing  honour  to  the  Almighty  by 
deflroying  them.  A  prieft,  in  contempt  of  the 
rhetoric  of  this  Reformer,  prepared,  after  his  fer- 
mon,  to  fay  mafs ;  and  opening  a  tabernacle,  or 
cafe,  which  flood  upon  the  high  altai-,  difplayed 
the  images  of  the  faints.  In  a  moment  the  altars 
and  images  were  demoliflied,  and  beat  to  the 
ground,  with  every  mark  of  the  mod  indignant 
rage.  The  fury  of  this  mob  communicated  itfelf 
to  new  multitudes.     The  monafleries  of  the  Grey 

and 


SroTSwooD,  p.  121.     KnoX}  p.  137.     Buchanan,  Hifti 
Rcr.  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 


or    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I53 

S  III!  ■         "■  ■ 

and  the  Black  iryars  were  attacked  and  deflroyed.  Book  h. 
That  of  the  Carthufians  fhared  the  fame  fate. —  j^^^. 
Nor  was  the  wealth  contained  in  thefe  edifices  ac- 
counted to  be  more  facred.  It  v/as  either  feized 
by  the  invader  as  his  legai  prize,  or  appropriated 
to  the  poor,  by  the  direction  of  the  preachers. — 
The  profufe  abundance  of  (lores  which  the  eccle- 
fiallics  had  provided  for  convenience  and  luxury, 
the  multitude  of  their  velTels  of  gold  and  filverj 
and  the  coftly  magnificence  of  their  beds  and  fur- 
niture, were  reproached  to  them,  as  unbefitting 
the  condition  of  men  who  profeffed  mortification 
and  poverty  *. 

The  example  of  Perth  was  followed  by  Couper  ^he  Queen 

^  y  r         Regent  Col- 

in Fife  :  and  the  church  there,  witli  its  piftures  '^'"^-  =*"  h- 

*  my,  and 

and  altars,  was  defaced.       Similar  infurreftions  marches  a- 

gainft  the 

were  apprehended  in  other  places ;  and  the  Queen  Pro'eftants. 
Regent,  alarmed  with  fuch  flrong  proceedings, 
and  fuch  unbounded  profanation  of  the  eftablilli- 
ed  faith,  vowed  to  punifli  the  inhabitants  of  Perth 
with  ftriking  and  humiliating  marks  of  her  feve- 
rity.  She  invited  the  nobilty  to  her  by  prelTmg 
letters,  and  entreated  the  full  afTiflance  of  her 
X  vaiTals. 


*  Spotswood,  p.  12:.     Knox,  p.  137.    Buchaaan,  Hill. 
Rer.  Scot,  lib,  xvi. 


5  54  HISTORY   OF    T^E    REFORMATICN 

BooKii.  vaffals.  The  French  troops  were  collected.  A. 
15^9.  hope  of  furprifing  Perth  before  the  infurgents 
could  prepare  for  their  defence,  animated  her  de- 
ITgence.  But  the  news  of  her  preparations  could 
not  be  concealed  from  the  Proteftants,  who  dif- 
patched  meflengers  to  every  quarter  for  aid  ;  and 
feveral  days  palTed  away  before  her  ordnance 
could  be  dragged  to  the  town.  The  Proteftants, 
neither  infenfible  of  their  danger,  nor  defpairing 
of  a  pardon,  but  firm  to  the  obje£t  of  obtaining 
a  fecurity  to  their  doctrines,  addrelTed  themfelveu 
in  letters  to  the  Queen  Regent,  to  the  French 
g^mmanders  in  Scotland,  to  the  nobility,  and  to 
the  clergy  *.  They  rejected  Popery  with  the  mofl 
determined  fcorn,  and  expreffed  the  defire  of  a 
peaceful  reformation  j  but  acknowledged  that 
they  were  difpofed  to  repel  force  by  force.  To 
their  manifeftoes  and  declarations  no  refpeft  was 
paid  by  thofe  to  whom  they  were  addreffed ;  and 
multitudes  of  the  faithful  were  hallening,  in  the 
mean  while  to  join  them.  The  gentlemen  in  the 
diftrifts  of  Fife,  Angus,  and  Merns,  collefting 
their  followers  and  dependents,  formed  a  camp 
near  Perth.  The  Earl  of  Glencairn,  with  admi- 
rable celerity,  advanced  from  the  Ihire  of  Air, 

and 


Collection  of  Records,  No.  VI. 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND.  I55 

and  brought  with  him  two  thoufand  five  hundred  Book  ir. 
men.  Repeated  melTages  had  now  pafled  between  1559. 
the  Queen  Regent  and  the  Proteftants,  which  had 
fully  explained  to  her  their  fpirit  and  refolution. 
Unwilling  to  hazard  a  battle,  and  dreading  the 
confequences  of  a  defeat  in  the  perilous  flate  of 
the  kingdom,  flie  had  recourfe  to  negotiation.— 
The  Earl  of  Argyle  and  the  Prior  of  St  Andrews, 
who  began  now  to  have  the  title  of  the  Lord 
James  Stuart,  were  difpofed,  upon  her  earned  re- 
qucft,  to  attempt  a  reconciliation  of  the  contend- 
ing parties,  and  had  great  authority  with  the  Re- 
formed. When  reproached  by  Mr  Knox  and  Mr 
Willocks,  for  having  forfaken  the  Congregation, 
thefe  commiffioners  declared,  that  though  they 
had  promifed  to  the  Queen  Regent  to  employ 
their  endeavours  to  produce  an  agreement,  their 
befl  wiflies  were  ftill  with  the  Proteftants ;  and 
that  if  ftie  ihould  refufe  to  accept  of  reafonable 
terms  of  accommodation,  or  iliould  violate  any 
treaty  entered  into,  they  would  immediately  give 
their  full  weight  to  the  Reformation,  and,  joining 
themfelves  to  the  brethren,  partake  in  all  their 
difficulties  and  hazards.  Upon  thefe  affurances, 
the  preachers  were  employed  to  perfuade  the  mul- 
titude to  confent  to  articles  of  agreement.  It  May  29, 
was  concluded  and  determined  by  both  parties,  concluded, 
X  2  that 


156  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  that  tlic  two  armics  fliould  return  peaceably  to 
J559.  their  habitations  ;  that  the  town  of  Perth  fliould 
be  evacuated,  and  made  acceflible  to  the  Queen 
Regent ;  that  no  moleflation  fliould  be  given  to 
the  late  infurgents,  and  no  perfecutions  of  the  Re- 
formed be  undertaken  ;  that  no  garrifon  of  French 
troops  fliould  be  flationed  at  Perth  ;  that  no 
Frenchman  fliould  advance  nearer  to  it  than  three 
miles ;  and  that  in  the  approaching  affembly  of 
the  three  eflates,  the  work  of  the  Reformation 
fliould  be  finally  efliabliflied  *. 

-^h  ond  This  treaty  was  not  executed,  upon  the  part 
Covenant,  ^f  {\^q  Proteflauts,  without  fufpicions  of  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  Queen  Regent.  The  artifice  of 
her  former  conduft,  and  her  known  refpeft  for 
French  counfels,  induced  the  Congregation  ftill 
to  entertain  a  dread  of  her  violence.  Before  they 
feparated,  it  appeared  therefore  expedient  to  them 
to  engage  in  a  new  aflcoiation,  which  they  term- 
ed the  Second  Covenant  f.  The  cordiijity  of  their 
afFeftion  was  thus  augmented,  and  a  new  tie  of 
confidence  was  created.  In  the  prclence  of  God, 
they  vowed  to  prelerve  a  conflant  amity  and  {f^- 

lowfliip ; 

;*-    Ta  ■  "  ' '  ""  '  '    - '"' 

♦  Spotswood,  p.  122. 

p  Collection  of  I^cords,  No.  VII. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  I57 

]!owfliip  ;   to  concur  in  the  eftablilliment  of  a  pii-    eook  n. 
rer  religion ;  and  to  expend  and  devote  their  lives,    ^«-^"^^ 
a£livity,  and  riches,  to  lUpport  and  maintain  the 
liberty  of  the  Proteflants,  in  oppofition  to  every 
mode  of  hollility,  and  every  pretence  of  domina^ 
tion. 

What  they  had  dreaded  did  not  fail  to  hap-  t^},c  Qneeq 
pen  ;  the  articles  of  the  treaty  were  violated. —  brtlhTher 
Immediately  upon  the  difperfion  of  the  troops  of  *g''""^^""« 
the  Congregation,  the  Queen  Regent  entered 
Perth  ^ith  French  foldiers  in  her  retinue,  who 
firing  into  the  houfe  of  a  citizen  of  known  zeal 
for  the  Reformation,  killed  his  fon,  A  multi- 
tude of  outrages  haraffed  and  infulted  the  inhabi- 
tants. Many  of  them  were  driven  into  exile,  and 
large  fums  of  money  were  extorted  from  others. 
The  magiflrates  were  difmiiTed,  to  make  way  for 
men  devoted  to  the  Queen  Regent  and  to  Popery. 
And  four  companies  of  foldiers  were  left  as  a  gar- 
rifon  to  the  town ;  and  they  were  enjoined  not 
to  permit  the  exercife  of  any  religion  but  that  of 
Rome.  Such  rude  and  inclement  breaches  of  the 
treaty  filled  the  people  with  horror,  and  {hewed 
the  Qiieen  Regent  to  be  inflexible.  But  while 
ihe  thus  gave  a  mortal  wound  to  her  honour,  ftie 
acquired  a  political  advantage  of  fome  importance. 

Ihe 


158  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  The  town  of  Perth,  from  its  fituation,  and  the 
^^y^^"^  ftrength  of  its  walls,  was  convenient  for  receiving 
troops  from  difl'erent  quarters  of  the  kingdom. 
Its  inhabitants  were  warlike;  and  while  they  were 
awed  by  the  garrifon,  it  flruck  a  terror  into  the 
country  around,  which  was  affectionately  difpo- 
fed  towards  the  Proteflants  *. 

The  Earl  of      No  cvcnts  could  havc  happcnded  more  oppor- 

Aigy\e  and 

the  Lord     tuuely  to  allurc  the  Earl  of  Argyle  and  the  Lord 

James  Stu- 

srt  leave      Tamcs  Stuart  to  take  upon  them  openly  the  com- 

the  court.      *'  r  r       j 

mand  of  the  Proteftants.  They  could  not  but  re- 
fent  the  crafty  condu£t  of  the  Queen  Regent,  and 
they  were  bound  by  promifes  to  the  Congrega- 
tion. When  (lie  was  informed  that  they  had 
withdrawn  from  her  interefls,  (he  fummoned  them, 
by  their  allegiance,  to  appear  before  her  council. 
They  faid,  that  they  could  no  longer  confide  in 
her  friendfhip,  fmce  flie  could  fubmit  to  break 
conditions  which  they  had  ftipulated  upon  the 
rectitude  of  her  intentions,  and  the  weight  of  her 
authority.  This  anfwer  did  not  give  fatisfa^tion  ; 
and  dreading  fome  exploit  of  the  French  troops, 
which  were  confiderable  in  number,  and  for- 
midable from  their  difcipline,  they  prepared  to  col- 
let 


Knox,  p.  148. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I59 

II'  — 

left  the  ftrength  of  the  Congregation,  and  to  in-    Book  l', 
Ipirit  thear  paflions.  i^^^. 

All  the  indiiftry  and  rhetoric  of  the  preachers  Thepreach. 
were  exerted,  in  the  mean  while,  to  throw  the  the  peoJE! 
people  into  combuftion.  John  Knox  fignahzed  mL  oTS- 
himfelf  at  Crail.  He  admoniilied  the  Proteftants  houS 
of  the  double  dealing  of  the  Queen  Regent,  and 
that  no  faith  was  to  be  paid  to  her  moll  folemn 
declarations.  He  urged  them  to  avoid  the  delu- 
fion  of  fmiles  and  promifes,  and  to  animate  them- 
felves  to  war.  When  peace  could  not  be  com- 
pafTed  by  contrafts,  it  was  to  be  ellabliihed  by 
arms.  They  muft  humble  the  pride  of  the  Queen 
Regent,  and  expel  the  French  from  the  kingdom, 
who  had  influenced  her  not  only  to  perfecute  the 
Refomaed,  but  to  attempt  the  overthrow  of  the 
ancient  liberties  of  their  nation.  There  were  be- 
fore them,  on  the  one  hand,  idolatry  and  fervi- 
tude ;  and  on  the  other,  viftory  and  death.  Put- 
ting  their  fwords  into  their  hands,  it  was  nov; 
their  bufinefs  to  build  up  the  fabric  of  religion, 
or  to  fall  like  men.  Moved  by  his  exhortations, 
the  people,  in  the  excefs  of  their  fury,  proceeded 
to  pull  down  the  altars  and  images  of  their  town, 
and  to  demolifli  all  the  other  monuments  of  idol- 
atry.   Mr  Knox  continuing  his  labours,  preached 

at 


I(30  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  h.  at  Anflruther  j  and  there  the  people,  animated 
ij59'  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^"^^  paffions,  exercifed  the  fame  violence. 
He  prepared  to  pour  out  the  tide  of  his  eloquence 
in  the  cathedral  church  of  St  Andrews.  The 
Archbifliop  threatened  his  deflrudHon,  and  was 
ready  to  oppofe  him  with  a  hundred  men  at  arms. 
The  Queen  Regent  and  the  French  troops  were 
at  Falkland,  at  the  diftance  only  of  twelve  miles. 
His  friends,  apprehcnfive  for  his  fafety,  applied 
their  earneit  folicitations  to  difTuade  him  from  his 
attempt.  Nor  threats,  nor  dangers,  nor  friendfliip 
could  prevail.  The  inhabitants  were,  to  a  man, 
favoui-able  to  the  Congregation.  The  Archbi- 
fiiop  had  prudence,  and  retreated.  Mr  Knox, 
mounting  the  pulpit,  harangued  from  that  por- 
tion of  the  gofpel  which  treats  of  the  eje<5tion  of 
the  buyers  and  the  fellers  from  the  temple.  He  com- 
pared the  corruption  which  deformed  Jerufalem 
to  the  abomination  of  Popery  in  Scotland ;  and 
from  the  fact  related  of  Jefus  Chrift,  he  inferred 
tlie  duty  of  thofe  to  whom  God  had  committed 
power  and  authority.  The  Magiftracy  were  for» 
ward  to  underlland  him ;  and  their  example  ur- 
ged the  ravages  of  the  people.  All  the  churches 
of  St  Andrews  were  inflantly  divcfled  of  their  or- 
naments  and  grandeur,  ajid  the  monafkries  of 

the 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  l6l 


the  Francifcan  and  Dominican  friars  were  levelled    book  ir. 
with  the  ground  *,  1559^'^ 


The  C)ueen  Regent,  indignant  and  aflonlflied,  Hoaiiepre- 
gave  orders  for  the  French  ti*oops,  and  a  body  of  the  Queen 
her  Scottilli  fubjecfts,  to  march  to  St  Andrews  ;  theYords 
and  direfted  proclamations  to  be  fent  through  the  giegution. 
adjacent  country,  to  command  all  the  fencible 
men  to  appear  in  arms  at  Couper.  The  Lords 
of  the  Congregation,  to  difappoint  hei"  operations, 
difpatched  mefTengers  to  their  adherents,  and,  in 
the  mean  time,  advanced  expeditioufly  to  Couper, 
with  an  attendance  only  of  one  hundred  horfe, 
and  as  many  foot.  But  fo  ardent  was  the  zeal 
of  the  Congregation,  that  in  the  morning  after 
their  march,  the  leaders  of  the  Proteilants  found 
'their  force  to  be  fully  three  thoufand  fighting 
men.  The  two  armies  approached.  The  Lords 
of  the  Congregation  chofe  their  ground  with  ad- 
vantage. A  fmall  river  ran  before  them  ;  and 
pieces  of  ordnance  were  placed  on  its  banks. — ^ 
The  Lord  Ruthven,  with  the  horfemen,  was  in 
the  van.  The  main  body,  or  the  battle,  uftder 
other  Lords,  confided  of  the  gentlemen  of  Angus, 
Y  Mems, 


Buchanan,   Hift.   Rcr.   Scot.  lib.  xvi.    Spotfwood,  p. 
123,  124.     Knox,  p.  149,  150, 


l62  HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 

-   — ' 

Book  ti.  Mcms,  Fife,  and  Lothian.  The  rear  was  compo- 
^^jj_  pofed  of  the  inhabitants  of  Dundee,  St  Andrews, 
and  Coupar ;  and  at  fome  diilance  from  this  body, 
the  foIlo\ters  of  the  camp  were  ported  in  fuch  a 
'  manner  as  to  give  them  the  appearance  of  an  auxi- 
liary band.  In  the  army  of  the  Queen  Regent, 
Monfieur  D'Oyfel  commanded  the  French  troops, 
and  the  Scottifii  foldiers  were  led  by  the  Duke  of 
Chattellerault.  A  fog  obftru£ted  for  fome  hours 
the  two  armies  from  obferving  one  another  with 
exa£lnefs.  But  when  the  air  began  to  grow  clear, 
the  Generals  of  the  Queen  Regent  were  inform- 
ed of  the  order  and  military  afpeft  of  the  Congre- 
gation. They  fufpe^led  themfelves  to  be  of  infe- 
rior ftrength  ;  and  they  dreaded  a  mutiny  of  their 
Scottifh  foldiers,  many  of  whom  being  Prote- 
llants,  were  averfe  from  fighting  for  Frenchmen 
and  Popery,  againfl:  their  friends,  their  country- 
men, and  their  religion.  The  Queen  Regent, 
yielding  to  the  necelTity  of  her  fituation,  inftru(5l- 
ed  the  Duke  of  Chattellerault  to  treat  for  a  peace. 
To  the  CommifTioners  whom  he  fent  for  this  pur- 
pofe,  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  remonftra- 
fed,  in  a  fpirited  ftrain,  upon  the  little  refpeft 
which  could  be  paid  to  the  promifes  of  the  Queen 
Regent,  and  upon  the  danger  which  threatened 
the  civil  liberties  of  the  nation,  from  the  entertain- 
ment 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  163 


nient  of  French  mercenaries.  They  alfo  took  the  book  ii.. 
opportunity  to  affert,  that  inftead  of  being  enemies  ^J^C*^ 
to  peace  and  order,  they  were  ready  to  aft  for 
their  eflablilhment,  whenever  the  French  troops 
ihould  be  difmilTed  out  of  Scotland,  and  whene- 
ver a  fecurity  was  given  that  no  violence  fliould 
be  employed  againft  the  Proteilants.  It  was  an- 
fwered  for  the  Queen  Regent,  that  flie  could  not 
difmifs  the  French  foldiery  without  infulting  the 
King  of  France  ;  and  that  it  did  not  confifl  with 
her  honour  to  give  any  fecurity  but  her  word  for 
the  proteftion  of  the  Proteflants.  Upon  thefe 
terms  no  formal  or  laftino-  treaty  could  be  conclu- 

^  June  ^:^ 

ded.     A  truce,  however,  was  entered  into,  in  a  truce  is 

agreed  u- 

which  it  was  (lipulated,  that  the  French  troops  pon- 
fhould  inflantly  pafs  the  Forth ;   and  that  before 
the  expiration  of  eight  days,  the  Queen  Regent 
iliould  fend  certain  noblemen  to  St  Andrews,  to 
adjuil  finally  with  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  -  - 
the  articles  of  an  effeftual  peace  *. 

In  compliance  with  this  convention,  the  leaders  But  is  bro. 

of  the  Proteflants  difbanding  their  troops,  pro-  q^cJLL 

ceeded  to  St  Andrews,   to  wait  for  the  commif-  ^''"^* 
fioners  of  the  Queen  Regent,     Upon  her  part, 

Y  2  flie 


*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  VII: 


l6'4  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  Tf,  flie  WLis  fo  far  faithful  to  it,  that  flie  conveyed  o- 
j^^j.  ver  the  Forth  her  French  troops  and  artillery. — 
But  the  truce  expired,  and  no  noblemen  appeared 
at  St  Andrewsto  treat  with  the  Congregation. — 
Complaints,  mean  while,  were  perpetually  circu- 
lating of  the  fuiferings  endured  by  the  Proteftants 
at  Perth,  from  the  garrifon  which  flie  had  ftation- 
ed  there,  in  oppofition  to  her  former  paction  and 
agreement.  The  Earl  of  Argyle  and  the  Lord 
James  Stuart,  attentive  to  the  caufe  they  had  e- 
fpoufed,  requefledearneflly  by  letter  the  diflodge- 
ment  of  this  garrifon,  and  the  reftoration  of  the 
inhabitants  to  their  jufl  liberties  *.  No  anfwer, 
however,  was  returned  to  them.  A  treachery  fo 
fyflematic  and  incurable,  and  which  involved  in 
it  fo  great  a  portion  of  contempt,  exhaufted  all 
the  patience,  and  inflamed  to  its  utmofl  height, 

the 


*  By  the  fpirit  of  the  treaty  of  Perth,  it  was  underftood 
ihat  no  foldiers  of  any  kind  fhould  be  left  in  that  city.  And 
in  their  letter  to  the  Queen  Regent,  thefe  nobles  inform  her, 
that,  "  under  the  defcription  of  French  foldiery,  they  in- 
"  eluded  Scottifli  men,  or  natives  of  any  country  whatever, 
»*  taking  wages  of  the  King  of  France."  Knox,  p,  153.— 
It  may  therefore  be  concluded,  tliat  the  garrifon  of  Perth 
were  not  in  Scots  pay.  The  oppofite  conclufion  is  drawn,  in- 
deed, by  Mr  Huaie,  but  without  any  probability.  This  au- 
thor has  alfo  inferred,   that  even  though  they  had  been  in 

French 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


the  rage  of  nobles  confcious  of  importance  and    book  ti. 
power  *  I jjy. 


A  RESOLUTION  was  taken  to  expel  the  garrifon  -phe  fiejje 
from  Perth,  and  to  relieve  the  inhabitants.     The 
Lords  of  the  Congregation  buckled  on  their  ar- 
mour.    The  diflricls  of  Fife,  Angus,  Merns,  and 

Strathern, 


French  pay,  they  were  yet  7iatioiial  troops  ;  a  fancy  which 
is  equally  fallacious.  For  by  the  conflitution  of  Scotland,  no 
Handing  body  of  mercenaries  could  be  upheld  by  the  fove- 
reign  ;  and  the  national  troops  were  the  feudal  and  the  al- 
lodial militia.  It  is  upon  thefe  foundations  that  he  would 
defend  the  Queen  Regent  as  guiltlefs  of  any  violation  of  the 
treaty  of  Pertli  ;  an  attempt  altogether  imprafticable,  but 
\vhich  fuited  the  defpotical  maxims  he  inculcates  in  his  work, 
and  which  permitted  hkn  to  lufinuate  improper  reflections  a- 
gainft  the  Reformers.  His  political  fentlraents,  however, 
operated  here  more  than  his  religious  creed.  For  a  writer 
may  do  complete  juflice  to  the  adors  in  the  Reformation, 
without  being  fufpeclcd  of  fanaticifm,  or  even  of  Chrillian- 
ity.     Hiil-  of  England,  8vo.  vol.  v.  p.  30. 

*  Throkmorton,  writing  upon  the  views  of  the  French 
^o  Secretary  Cecil,  has  this  paiTage,  "  Butomcourt,  which,  I 
•'  think  paffed  through  to  England,  had  in  charge  to  will  the 
''  Queen  Douagier  of  Scotland  to  cpnform  herfelf  to  the 
«'  Scots  proceedings  in  religion,  and  to  diflemble  with  them  ; 
**  fuppofing  that  to  be  the  bed  meane  to  work  thyr  purpofes. 
*'  I  pray  youe,  the  Scotts  may  be  advcrtifed  of  this  diifimu- 
"  lation  of  the  Queen  Douagier,  and  to  what  end  it  is  dent." 
Forbesj  vol.  i.  p.  183. 


l66  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Boose  H.  Strathern,  furnillied  them  with  an  army.  They 
^Qi^  marched  to  Perth,  and  commanded  the  magiftrates 
and  the  garrifon  to  make  it  open  to  all  her  maje- 
Ity's  fubjedls.  It  was  anfwered,  that  the  town 
would  be  maintained  for  the  Queen  Regent.  The 
Earl  of  Huntley,  the  Chancellor,  haflened,  by  her 
commiflion,  to  intreat  the  alTociated  Lords  to  de- 
lay the  fiege  for  a  few  days.  They  told  him  that 
they  would  not  delay  it  for  one  hour ;  and  that 
if  a  fmgle  Protefhant  fliould  be  killed  in  the  af- 
fault,  the  garrifon  Ihould  be  put  indifcriminately 
to  the  fword.  The  offended  Chancellor  depart- 
ed fullenly,  without  bidding  them  adieu.  A  new- 
invitation  called  upon  the  magiftrates  and  the  gar- 
rifon to  furrender  ;  who,  being  in  hopes  of  relief, 
repeated  the  anfwer  they  had  firll  given.  The 
batteries  of  the  Congregation  were  now  applied 
to  the  town ;  and  the  fears  of  the  befieged  encrea- 
fmg  as  their  expeftations  of  affiftance  died 
away,  they  beat  a  parley,  and  offered  to  fur- 
render  within  tv/elve  hours,  upon  the  condition 
that  the  captains  and  foldiery  fliould  be  per- 
mitted to  retire  with  their  colours  flying.  Thefe 
terms  were  accepted  ;  and  the  town  was  thus, 
without    the    efTufion    of    blood,    reflored    to 

its 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  167 


its  liberties,  and  to  the  exercife  of  the  Reformed    Book  tl  ' 
faith*.  X5j!9. 


The  zeal  of  the  Congregation  was  lifted  by  The  Abbey 
this  exploit.  They  thought  of  deftroying  the  Pa-  of  scooVaA 
lace  and  Abbey  of  Scoon,  which  were  at  a  little 
diftance  from  Perth.  It  was  in  vain  that  their 
leaders  interefted  themfelves  to  fave  them.  Even 
the  rhetoric  of  John  Knox  was  here  ineffeftual. 
An  enraged  multitude  fet  lire  to  thefe  (lately  edi- 
fices ;  and  while  the  flames  were  afcending,  an 
old  woman  v/as  heard  to  exclaim — "  See  how 
"  the  judgments  of  God  are  juft  (  No  authority 
*'  is  able  to  fave  where  he  will  punifli.  This  place, 
"  in  my  memory,  has  been  nothing  elfe  but  a  fmk 
*'  of  whoredom.  It  is  incredible  to  think,  how 
*'  many  wives  have  been  allured  to  adultery,  and 
*'  how  many  virgins  have  been  defiovv^ered  by  the 
"  filthy  beads  foftered  in  this  den  f  !'* 


It  was  now  to  be  dreaded  that  the  Congrega-  R^^acres  cf 

Tnpro-  ''^^^}"- 
vinces.  ^'^'"''"S- 


tion  would  carry  their  arms  into  the  fouthern  pro-  gJ^K^Sonat 


*  Lesly  de  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  209.  Knox, 
p.  154.  Spotfwood,  p.  125.  Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer.  Scot, 
lib.  xvi. 


f  Ksox,  p.  156. 


l63  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  h.  vinccs.  Tlic  QuecD  Regent  was  therefore  impa- 
^^C^  tient  to  throw  a  garrifon  into  Stirling,  and  to  pof- 
fefs  herfelf  of  its  bridge,  which  was  the  only  one 
over  the  Forth.  But  the  Earl  of  Argyle  and  the 
Lord  James  Stuart,  apprized  of  her  intention,  pre- 
fented  themfelves  at  Stirling,  the  very  morning 
after  the  demolition  of  the  Palace  and  Abbey  of 
Scoon.  The  people,  animated  by  their  prefence, 
applied  themfelves  to  mifchief  and  deflruftion.— 
All  the  monafteries  in  the  town  and  its  neighbour- 
hood were  pulled  to  the  ground.  The  fine  Ab- 
bey of  Cambufkenneth,  fituated  in  the  midfl  of  a 
valley  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Forth,,  could  not 
preferve  itfelf  from  their  fury.  The  gloomy  Pro^ 
teftant  walked  over  its  ruins. 

AtLm-  After  paffing  three  days  at  Stirling,  the  Con- 

£duiburg"i.  gregation  marched  to  Linlithgow,  whence,  after 
having  committed  their  ufual  havock,  they  advan- 
ced to  Edinburgh.  The  Queen  Regent,  ftruck 
v.ith  terror,  fled  from  her  capital  to  Dunbar. — ■ 
The  Lord  Seaton,  the  Provofl,  undertook  the  pro*, 
tedlion  of  the  Black  and  Grey  Friars,  and  aban- 
doned the  refolution  he  had  taken.  Whatever' 
was  facred  in  the  monafteries  was  deftroyed ;— • 
whatever  was  valuable  was  taken  away  as  fpoil. 


At 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  169 

At   Edinburgh  the   Congregation  determined    Book  if. 
to  remain  for  fome  time.     After  their  bold  pro-      i^(^ 
ceedings,  it  was  proper  to  deliberate  concerning  teilLusTike 
the  fteps  of  their  future  conduft.     When  they  Jite' t'" 
had  purified  the  churches  from  the  pollutions  of  ^'^'"^"'e^I' 
Popery,  it  was  their  firft  care  to  appoint  preach- 
ers, who  might  expound  to  the  people  the  purer 
doctrines  of  Chrifliianity.      They  then  polFefled 
themfelves  of  the  mint,  and  the  inflruments  of 
coinage,  upon  the  pretext,  that  the  damping  of 
bafe  money  had  raifed,  to  an  extravagant  rate,  all 
the  ncceffary  provifions  of  life. 


In  the  ardour  of  fuccefs,  the  Congregation  were  Theproda- 

.        .  mation  of 

meditatmg  more  extenfive  exertions  of  power,  the  Queen 
when  the  Queen  Regent,  unable  to  difpute  with 
them  in  the  field,  attempted,  by  a  manifeflo  or 
proclamation,  to  awaken  the  minds  of  the  people 
to  a  lively  fenfe  of  their  allegiance,  and  to  exhibit 
the  moll  odious  reprefentation  of  her  adverfaries. 
She  declared,  that  the  Proteftants,  calling  them- 
felves the  Congregation,  were  a  feditious  multi- 
tude, who,  under  the  fhow  and  cover  of  religion, 
were  feeking  the  fubverfion  of  the  government ; 
{he  appealed  to  the  ilrong  actions  which  they  had 
atchieved ;  Ihe  commanded  them  to  leave  Edin- 
burgh within  fix  hours  at  the  farthefl  j  and  flie 
2  enjoined 


170  HISTORY  OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Rook  II.  enjoincd  the  fubjefts  of  Scotland  to  avoid  their 
i^jj.  foci'ety,  under  the  penalty  of  treafon*.  Befide 
having  confpired  againil  the  authority  of  the 
Queen  Regent,  it  was  indullriouily  reported,  that 
it  was  a  part  of  their  intention  to  deprive  the 
Duke  of  Chattellerault  and  his  heir  of  their  right 
of  fuccelTion  to  the  crown,  and  to  raife  to  the  fo- 
vereignty  the  Lord  James  Stuart  f.  When  the 
truth  is  not  to  be  perceived  with  certainty,  fufpi- 
cions  have  their  full  force  ;  and  the  Queen  Re- 
gent having  likewife  exprcffed  in  her  proclama- 
tion her  defire  that  the  difputes  about  religion 
fhould  be  fettled  and  determined  by  the  three  e- 
ftates,  an  uncommon  refpe£l,  notwithftanding  her 
former  artifices,  feems  to  have  been  paid  to  her 
declarations.  Attachment  to  the  eftabliilied  go- 
vernment, the  fympathy  which  is  felt  for  grandeur 

in 


*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  IX. 

f  Throkmorton  to  Sec.  Cecil.  "  I  am  fecretly  inforra- 
**  cd,  that  there  is  a  party  in  Scotland  for  the  placing  of  the 
*'  Prior  of  Saynte  Andrewes  in  the  ftate  of  Scotland  j  and 
*♦  that  he  himfeif  doth  by  all  the  fecret  means  he  can  afpire 
**  thereunto  ;  whereof  I  thought  to  give  youe  knowledge,  as 
**  well  for  the  more  certain  underflanding  of  the  fame,  as  for 
*♦  further  confideration  to  be  had  what  the  Queen's  MajeHy 
*♦  hath  to  do  in  this  cafe."  Forbes,  State  Papers,  vol.  i. 
page  180. 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND.  I7I 


in  diflrefs,  the  averfion  from  trouble  that  is  natii-    book  it. 
rally  produced  by  the  indolence  and  the  fears  of 


1559- 


mankind,  all  operated  in  her  favour.  The  Con- 
gregation loling  fomewhat  of  their  popularity,  and 
being  permitted  to  languifh  in  inaftion  and  idle- 
nefs,  the  fpirit  of  difunion  came  to  prevail  among 
them  to  a  confiderable  degree  ;  and  many  retired 
to  feek  comfort  and  fecurity  in  their  own  homes. 
The  neglefi:  of  forming  them  into  a  regular  body 
under  military  difciphne,  and  of  ellabliiliing  a  fund 
for  their  maintenance,  added  its  influence  to  thefe 
diiFerent  fources  of  decline  ;  and  when  the  Proteil- 
ants  appeared  to  have  gained  every  thing,  by  ha- 
ving forced  the  Queen  Regent  from  her  capital, 
they  were  tottering  on  the  brink  of  a  precipice. 


The   Congregation   did  not  fail  to  vindicate  The  Pro- 
themfelves  from  the  charges  imputed  to  them. —  flnthl  ?n- 

tegrit 

inten- 


tions. 


In  an  addrefs  to  the  Queen  Regent,  they  difclaim-  SETnt'ei 
ed  all  intentions  hoftile  to  the  Hate  and  to  its  po- 
lity ;  and  affirmed,  that  the  only  objects  in  their 
view  were  the  advancement  of  the  true  religion, 
and  the  prote<ftion  of  its  followers  againfl  the  vio- 
lence and  paffions  of  their  enemies  *.  To  give 
Ilrength  to  their  aifertions,  they  offered  to  ex- 
Z  2  plain 

*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  X. 


\']1  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  phi II  them  by  the  moft  refpe(5lable  members  of 
j^^j,,  their  aflbciation,  in  the  prefence  of  the  Queen  Re- 
gent luerfelf,  if  a  free  accefs  were  permitted  to  her 
perfon.  A  fafe  condu6t:  brought  their  deputies 
before  her.  They  enhirged  to  her  upon  the  aver- 
ments and  good  intentions  of  the  Congregation  ; 
but  (lie  being  defirous  of  protrafting  the  time  in 
fruitlefs  treaty,  affe^led  ftill  to  have-  doubts,  and 
defired  that  the  Earl  of  Argyle  and  the  Lord  James 
Stuart,  as  the  leaders  of  the  party,  might  be  fent 
to  her. 

Conference       To  the  Congregation  it  appeared  a  dangerous 

iio^cT'^'-"  experiment  to  confide  fo  far  in  the  virtue  of  the 

<JiTeVRe-  Queen  Regent,  as  to  entruft  their  leaders  to  her 

fhe"congre-  difcrctiou  ;  and,  as  it  was  known  that  defigns  a- 

£^"°'"        gainft  their  lives  had  been  meditated  in  the  court, 

their  referve  and  prudence  are  worthy  of  applaufe. 

But  that  they  might  not  feem  to  negleft  her  requefl 

altogether,  they  agreed,  that  the  Earl  of  Argyle 

and  the  Lord  James  Stuart,  fliould  meet  with 

her  friends  in  a  place  not  expofed  to  fufpicion,  and 

with  an  equal  number  of  attendants  upon  each 

fide.     The  Queen  Regent  named  for  her  commif- 

fioners  the  Duke  of  Chattellerault,  the  Earl  of 

Huntly,  the  Lords  Erlkine  and  Somerville,  Mr 

Cavin  Hamilton,  Abbot  of  Kilwinning,"  and  the 

Juflice 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I73 


Juftice  Clerk.     Upon  the  part  of  the  Congrega-    Book  it. 
tion  there  were  appointed  the  Earls  of  Argyle 


IJ59- 


and  Glencairn,  the  Lords  Ruthven,  Boyde,  and 
Ogikree,  the  Lord  James  Stuart,  and  the  Barons 
Dun  and  Pittarow.  One  hundred  perfons  at- 
tended refpeftively,  the  deputies  of  the  C)ueen  Re- 
gent and  the  Proteftants,  who  held  their  confe- 
rence at  Prefton  in  Eafl  Lothian.  But  though 
they  dehberated  together  during  a  whole  day, 
they  could  reach  no  conclufion  j  for  the  Commif- 
fioners  for  the  Queen  Regent,  while  they  feemed 
willing  to  yield  to  the  free  exercife  of  the  Protell- 
ant  faith,  yet  infifled,  that  in  v/hatever  place  flie 
prefented  herfelf,  the  preachers  fliould  be  filent, 
and  that  the  mafs  only  fliould  be  celebrated  ;  and 
for  the  Congregation  it  was  contended,  that  this 
was  in  effe6t  to  deprive  them  of  a  church,  as  by 
changing  the  place  of  her  refidence,  (he  might  to- 
tally deflroy  their  form  of  worfliip,  or  make  a 
mockery  of  it. 


After  this  vain  parade  of  a  conference,  the  The  Prc 

^  ^  teftantsferd 

commillioners  for  the  ConCTeaation,  Hill  difpofed  an.eiiugeto 

^      -^  '  ^  the  Queen 

to  proceed  in  the  bulinefs,  and  to  bring  it  to  an  R^ge"-- 
ilTue,  addrefled  themfelves,  by  two  of  their  num- 
ber, to  the  Queen   Regent.     They  informed  her, 
that  they  would  never  confent  that  the  preachers 

fliould 


174         HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  II.    fliQuId  bc  Condemned  to  filence  upon  any  account, 
or  that  the  true  religion  flioukl  yield  and  give 


1559' 


way  to  Popery  and  fuperflition.  They  therefore 
requefted  the  hberty  of  v/orfliipping  God  accord- 
ing to  their  own  confciences ;  and,  as  the  intro- 
.du(5lion  of  foreign  troops  into  the  country  was  in- 
confiftent  with  Hberty,  they  intreated  her  folemn 
promife  to  abftain  from  this  dangerous  poHcy  in 
the  future,  and  that  the  French  foldiers  now  in  the 
kingdom  fliould  be  inftantly  removed.  They  af- 
fured  her,  that  upon  thefe  conditions,  they  were 
ready  to  furnifli  her  with  fliips  and  money  for 
tranfporting  them  to  France,  and  would  fwear  to 
the  Almighty  God,  to  ferve  and  fupport  her  to 
the  utmoft  extent  of  their  power.  They  faid,  that 
they  were  not  averfe  from  her  calling  the  preach- 
ers into  her  prefence,  that  all  objeftions  to  their 
lives  and  dodrines  might  be  ftated  and  examined ; 
and  they  took  the  freedom  to  fuggeft,  that  a  le- 
ga  parliament  was  the  mod  proper  and  conftitu- 
tional  method  of  terminating  all  their  differences, 
with  this  limitation,  that  the  bilhops,  as  parties, 
fliould  be  made  to  with-hold  their-  influence  and 
voices.  Upon  thefe  topics  the  Queen  Regent 
did  not  enter  ;  flie  replied  in  general  terms,  that 


fhc 


tion. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  1 75 


{he  wiflied  in  an  earnefl  manner  for  tranquillity  Book  if. 
and  peace    .  1559, 


The  ambiG;uity  and  art  of  the  Queen  Reo^ent  The  Qucai 
could  not  poflibly  efcape  the  difcernment  of  the  marches  a- 

*  ■'  -^  gainlt  the 

leaders  of  the  Congregation  ;  and  upon  this  ac-  ^o^s"" 
count  it  is  difficult  to  explain  their  fluggifli  coun- 
cils. Attempts  were  making  to  divide  them,  and 
their  troops  were  difperfmg  themfelves.  The 
Queen  Regent  was  rifmg  in  confequence,  and  was 
ftill  warmly  averfe  from  the  work  of  a  Reforma- 
tion. They  were  fmking  into  weaknefs,  and  were 
unprepared  to  defend  the  capital,  though  they 
had  refolved  to  continue  in  it.  After  amufmg 
them  with  negociation,  flie  excited  their  terror  by 
arms.  Leaving  Dunbar,  (lie  marched  towards  J^^'y  ^^ 
Edinburgh.  Their  perplexity  was  infinite.  Col- 
lecting the  few  friends  who  remained  with  them, 
the  leaders  of  the  Congregation  proceeded  to 
Leith,  to  join  their  adherents  there.  But  Leith 
had  already  furrendered  itfelf  to  the  Queen  Re- 
gent. They  returned  to  Edinburgh,  and  were 
told  by  the  Lord  Erikine,  the  Governor  of  its 
caflle,  that  he  W'ould  treat  them  as  enemies,  if 
they&ould  prefume  to  interrupt  her  entry  into 

her 


*  Kmox,  p.  158,  160.    Sporfwood,  p. 


tyC         HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  11.    her  capital.     In  this  extremity  they  were  inclined 
1559-      ^o  enter  into  articles  of  accommodation.     A  trea- 
concTuded.*^  ty  accordingly  was  ratified. 


It  was  flipulated  upon  the  part  of  the  Congre- 
gation, that  the  town  of  Edinburgh  ftiould  be  o- 
pen  to  the  Queen  Dowager  and  her  attendants  ; 
that  the  Palace  of  Holyrood-houfe,  and  the  inflru- 
ments  of  coinage,  iliould  be  delivered  up  to  her  ; 
and  that  the  Proteftant  Lords  and  people  fliould 
be  obedient  to  her  authority  and  the  laws,  fiiould 
abflain  from  all  injury  to  Papifts,  and  fliould  em- 
ploy no  violence  againft  churches,  religious  houfes, 
and  images.  Upon  the  part  of  the  Queen  Re- 
gent it  was  agreed,  that  the  inhabitants  of  Edin- 
burgh fliould  adopt  the  Reformed  religion  or  Po- 
pery at  their  pleafure;  that  no  garrifon  of  French 
or  Scottifh  mercenaries  fliould  be  flationed  within 
'  this  city  ;  and  that,  in  other  places  of  the  king- 
dom a  fimilar  latitude  with  regard  to  belief  and 
religious  exercife  fliould  be  given  to  the  Protefl- 
ants  and  to  their  preache^-s  *. 

Amidst 


*  Spotswood,  p.  128.      Knox,  p.  162. 

This  accommodation  or  truce,  which  was  concluded  upon 
the  24th  day  of  July  1559,  was  only  to  be  effeflual  till  the 
lOth  day  of  January  1560. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I77 


Amidst  all  the  candour  and  liberality  which  ap-  book  ii. 
jpear  on  the  fide  of  the  Queen  Regent  in  this  trea-  i^.^,,. 
ty,  there  is  no  mention  of  the  removal  of  the  SnccmfiTg^ 
French  foldiers  out  of  the  kingdom,  and  of  her  niercitiarL's 
obligation  that  no  foreign  troops  ftiould  be 
brought  into  it  without  the  confent  of  the  three  e- 
flates.  Yet  it  is  certain,  that  an  article  to  this 
purpofe  was  inferted  in  the  original  fchedule,  or 
inftrument  which  the  lords  of  the  Congregation 
communicated  to  her  as  the  foundation  and  boun- 
dary of  their  agreement  *.  The  conftant  jealoufy 
entertained  of  fuch  troops  on  the  one  hand,  and 
the  perpetual  anxiety  to  uphold  them  manifefted 
on  the  other,  are  a  decifive  evidence  of  the  dan- 
ger which  they  threatened  to  the  independency  oF 
the  nation.  And,  it  ought  not  to  efcape  remark, 
that  the  day  after  the  ratification  of  this  treaty, 
the  duke  of  Chattellerault  and  the  Earl  of  Hunt- 
ley, the  friends  of  the  C)ueen  Regent,  contrived 
to  have  a  private  interview  with  the  leaders  of  the 
Congregation  ;  in  which  they  engaged  themfelves 
to  defert  her  intereft,  and  to  join  the  Proteflants, 
if  llie  fliould  depart  from  her  ftipulations  in  the 
fmallefl  degree  5  or,  if  counteraffting  the  general 
willies  of  the  people,  ilie  fliould  continue  in  an 
A  a  obllinate 

f  Knox,  p.  163. 


178  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

'  —        "t      <t 

Book  II.    obflinatc    refolution    to    maintain    her    French 

A  SUSPICION  of  the  defpotic  intentions  of  the 
Queen  Regent,  which  ihe  had  been  too  careful 
to  encourage,  a  jealoufy  of  France,  the  free  genius 
of  the  Gothic  or  mixed  form  of  government,  and 
the  high  pride  and  fpirit  which  animated  the  feu- 
dal nobles,  all  confpired  to  fofter  an  indignant 
contempt,  and  a  fearful  hatred  of  bands  of  fol- 
diers,  who  knew  war  in  no  other  light  than  as  a 
profeflion ;  who  receiving  a  conftant  pay,  were 
ever  ready  to  aft  for  it ;  and  who,  in  drawing 
their  fwords,  obferved  no  dillinftions  of  right,  but 
fought  in  a  blind  fubferviency  to  the  caprices  and 
the  mandate  of  a  mailer. 

The  death  While  thcfc  cvents  were  in  full  operation, 
^""^^  ■  Henry  II.  King  of  France,  died  of  a  wound  recei- 
ved in  a  tournament.  By  the  advice  of  the  Con- 
ftable  Montmorency,  he  had  fent  into  Scotland 
James  Melvil,  a  perfon  of  capacity  and  addrefs, 
in  order  to  acquire  an  intimate  knowledge  of  its 
affairs,  and  to  penetrate  into  the  fecret  intentions 
of  the  Lord  James  Stuart,  who  was  fufpefted 
of  aiming  at  the  fovereignty.  But  when  Mr 
Melvil,  after  executing  his  commiiTion,  had  return- 
ed 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I79 


ed  to  Paris,  this  Monarch  was  languiihing  at  the  Book  jr. 
point  of  death.  What  poUtical  confequences  ^"^^^C^ 
might  have  refulted  to  Scotland  from  this  embafly, 
it  is  impoffible  to  determine  with  infaUible  certain- 
ty. Our  hiftorians,  indeed,  from  a  vain  conjec- 
ture of  advantage,  and  from  a  change  of  fyftem 
in  Scottifli  affairs,  which  was  never  adopted,  have 
vied  in  tender  expreflions  of  regret  for  the  death 
of  Henry  II.  It  is  not  probable,  however,  that 
the  profperity  of  Scotland  had  been  ever  any 
ferious  objeft  of  his  thought  or  care.  The  great 
current  of  French  politics  bore  with  violence  a- 
gainfl:  the  freedom  of  the  Scottifli  government, 
and  againil  the  Proteftant  religion  *.  Henry  did 
not  want  a  fufficient  portion  of  bigotry.  He 
wore  obfequioufly  the  chains  of  the  Duchefs  of 
Valentinos,  who  had  been  the  concubine  of  his 
father,  Francis  I.  but  who  retained  to  an  advanced 
age  all  the  bewitching  allurements  of  beauty.— 
The  Conflable  Montmorency  was  the  flave  of  her 
fa£lion ;  and  of  this  lady  it  is  known,  that  flie 
was  a  mortal  enemy  to  the  Reformed,  and  a  fincere 
friend  to  perfecution^ 


A  a  s  The 


See  Colledlion  of  State  Papers  publifhed  by  Dr  Forbes, 


Book  II. 


1 80  HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 


The  violent  counfels  which  Henry  II.  had  en- 


^^^^^"^■^  couraged  ip  the  Queen  Regent,  did  not  fufFer  any 
.ff'^Fran^'is    abatement  under  his   fucceflbr,  Francis  II.     The 
toth^"^     Princes  of  Lorraine,  taking  an  unlimited  advan- 
Fr°  nc"e  **^     ^^S^  ^^  ^^^  extreme  weaknefs  of  this  Prince,  and 
tationTrr'  ^^  t^^  f^^^^  affeftion  which  their  niece,  the  C)ueen, 
Re  ^t""    ^0^^  ^^  them,  advanced  themfelves  beyond  the 
ftation  of  minifters.     The  Conftable  Montmoren- 
cy, who,  during  a  portion  of  the  reign  of  Henry 
II.  had  furpafled  them  in  power,  was  now  in  dif- 
grace.     Infligated  by  an  ungovernable  ambition, 
they  ufurped  the  exercife  of  all  the  powers  of  the 
Kings  of  France.     To  the  Queen  Regent  they 
communicated  the    infulting  infolence    of    their 
pride.     They  enjoined  her  to  proceed  in  the  def- 
perate  courfes  upon  which  flie  had  entered  ;   and 
animating  her  hopes,  and  flattering  her  courage, 
gave  her  the  affurance  of  an  aid,  which  ihould  be 
able  not  only  to  overpower  every  effort  of  her 
enemies,  and  to  eflablifli  Popery  on  the  firmed 
foundation,  but  to  fubje^l:   Scotland  to  a  military 
defpotifm,  and  to  be  a  dependent  province  of 
France. 


The  Lords       These  important  events,  the  death  of  Henry, 
grega'tion""  ^^d  the  advancement  of  Francis,  did  not  pafs  un- 
"^'"'ii^l,      obferved  by  the  leaders  of  the  Proteftants.     Af- 
ter 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  lOl 

ter  having  proclaimed,  by  found  of  trumpet,  the  .^"^^^"j 
particular  articles  which  concerned  the  Reformed  1^59- " 
in  the  late  accommodation,  or  truce,  which  they 
had  concluded  with  the  Queen  Regent,  they  pro- 
ceeded to  Stirling,  where  holding  a  council  upon 
the  flate  of  their  affairs,  they  thought  it  expe- 
dient to  enter  into  a  new  league  for  the  fupport 
of  religion,  and  for  their  mutual  defence.  This  covenant! 
league  or  affociation  was  called  the  Third  Cove- 
nant *.  It  expreffed  the  fenfibility  which  the  Con- 
gregation entertained  of  the  a-aft  and  treachery 
of  their  adverfaries,  and  their  dread  of  the  fair 
bribes  and  promifes  which  might  be  employed  to 
feparate  them  from  one  another,  to  their  utter  ruin 
and  deflruftion  ;  and  by  the  terms  of  it,  they  in- 
dividually engaged  themfelves  before  .God,  and 
by  the  refpeft  which  they  felt  for  the  true  reli- 
gion, that  they  fliould  refufe  to  attend  the  Queen 
Regent  upon  any  letter  or  meffage  ;  and  that  im- 
mediately upon  the  receipt  of  any  notice  from  her, 
to  any  perfon  of  their  number,  it  fhould  be  com- 
municated without  referve,  and  be  made  a  com- 
mon fubjeft  of  fcrutiny  and  deliberation.  When 
cemented  by  the  fan£lion  of  this  new  compaft  and 
cath,  they  formed  the  refolution  of  feeking  aid 

and 

*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XI. 


:83  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  ti.  and  fupport  from  all  Princes  whatfoever  of  the 
^"^'^'^^^  Reformed  religion,  againft  the  Queen  Regent,  if 
it  fliould  appear  that  her  oppreffions  and  tyranny- 
could  not  in  any  other  manner  be  oppofed  with 
fuccefs;  and  they  agreed,  in  tjiis  extremity,  to  ap- 
ply firfl.  to  England,  upon  account  of  the  proxi^ 
mity  of  its  fituation  *, 

The  Pro-  It  was  neither  the  intention  nor  the  interefl  of 
difiuibed  in  the  Queen  Regent  to  engage  in  hoftilities  till  the 
ofhtirVe-  arrival  of  the  troops  which  llie  expected  from 
'^^° ''  France.  3^^^  could  not,  however,  reflrain  her- 
felffrom  difcovering,  Vv'ith  fome  degree  of  vio* 
lence,  her  diffatisfaftion  with  the  Reformed,  and 
with  the  favourable  conceffions  which  had  been 
granted  to  them  by  the  late  treaty.  Before  her 
entry  into  Edinburgh,  the  Proteftants  had  poflef- 
fed  themfelves  of  the  High  Church  ;  and  in  terms 
of  the  truce,  which  difcharged  all  moleflation  of 
the  preachers,  they  continued  to  occupy  it.  She 
was  yet  defirous  that  this  church  fliould  be  refer- 
ved  in  apecu'iar  manner  for  her  own  ufe,  and  for 
the  exercife  of  the  mafs ;  and  flie  employed  the 
Duke  of  Chattellerault,  the  Earl  of  Huntley,  and 
the  Lord  Seaton,  to  procure  it  from  the  magiftra,Mi 

cy. 


*  Ksox,  p.  166. 


OF    RELIGION   IN    SCOTLAND.  1^;^ 

cy.  This  favour,  as  might  have  been  expected,  book  n. 
was  refufed  to  her.  She  then  requefted,  tliat  ^>'V"^ 
the  liberty  of  faying  mafs  in  this  church,  either 
before  or  after  the  fermons  of  the  preachers, 
might  be  granted  to  the  Popiili  clergy.  It  was 
anfwered,  that  the  Reformed  were  in  poffelTion  of 
the  High  Church,  and  that  they  could  never  con- 
fent  to  have  it  applied,  in  any  fliape,  to  the  pol- 
lutions of  idolatry.  Her  defeat  in  thefe  attempts 
was  refented  by  open  infults  to  the  preachers  and 
the  Reformed.  The  French  captains  and  foldiers 
were  ordered  to  parade  in  the  churches  during 
the  time  of  divine  fervice,  and  to  give  diflurbance 
by  indecency  and  noife.  It  was  thought  that  the 
preachers  might  thus  be  induced  to  feek  more  re- 
tired places  for  the  exercifes  of  religion  ;  and  that 
the  people  might  be  irritated  to  break  the  peace, 
and  aSbrd  pretences  for  accufmg  the  Reformed 
of  fedition  and  turbulence  *. 


In  this  precarious  and  uncertain  fituation  of  the 


A  mefler- 


two  faftions,   Monfieur  de  la   Croc  arrived  from  ?"  ^""" 

irom  France 

France,  to  affure  the  Queen  Regent,  that  a  power-  ^ar^^dr"^ 
ful  army  to  fupport  her  interefts  was  foon  to  be  Zlhtho^ 
tranfported  into  Scotland  j  and  that  (lie  might  f.^*^  ^"^ 

immediately 


*  Spotsv.ood,  p.  129.     Knox,  p.  169, 


184  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATIOi>I 

BoDK  II.  immediately  expeft  a  few  troops,  with  money  and 
^fj^^  ammunition.  This  envoy  was  alfo  intruded  with 
letters  from  Francis  and  Mary  to  the  Lord  James 
Stuart,  who  was  now  generally  underftood  to  be 
the  principal  leader  of  the  Congregation  *.  They 
were  full  of  reproaches,  menaces,  and,  entreaties; 
and  when  the  Lord  James  Stuart  had  perufed 
them,  the  envoy  informed  him,  that  "  the  King 
"  his  mafter  would  rather  expend  all  the  trea- 
"  fures  of  France  than  lofe  the  gratification  of 
*'  his  revenge  againft  the  nobles,  whofe  arts  and 
«  rebellion  had  diflurbed  Scotland  f."  The 
Lord  James  Stuart  replied  to  thefe  letters  with 
firmnefs,  and  not  without  modefty  ;  acknowledg- 
ing that  he  joined  himfelf  to  the  Proteftants  ;  and 
that,  for  the  glory  of  God,  he  was  interefted  to 
eftablifh  the  Reformation  ;  but  intreating  them  to 
remember,  that,  while  the  invidious  name  of  re- 
bellion was  mifapplied  to  an  aftivity  which  could 
boaft  the  moft  facred  of  all  motives,  he  was  in 
every  other  refpecfl  moft  obedient  and  fubmiflive 
to  the  laws  {. 

This 


*  Leslv  dc  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  212.  213. 

•}•  Spotswood,  p.  131. 

%  BucHANAw,  Hift.  Rcr.  Scot,  lib*  xri. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  185 


This  illuflrlous  man  was  the  natural  fon  of  Book  it 
James  V.  by  Margaret,  the  daughter  of  John  1559. 
Lord  EreJtine.     He  had  been  appointed,  at  an  of  the 

.       -n  .  r    r^        t       1  1  1         Lord  James 

early  age,  to  the  Priory  ot  St  Andrews ;  but  he  sttuart. 
polTefled  not  that  pacific  mind  which,  uninterefl- 
cd  in  the  prefent  world,  delights  to  look  to  the 
future,  and  to  bufy  itfelf  in  the  indolent  formali- 
ties of  devotion.  The  activity  of  his  nature  com- 
pelled him  to  feek  agitation  and  employment ;  the 
perturbed  period  in  which  he  lived  fupplied  him 
with  fcenes  of  aftion  ;  and  the  eminence  of  his  a- 
bilities  difplayed  itfelf.  He  difcovered  a  paffioji 
for  liberty  and  a  zeal  for  religion ;  and  he  deftin- 
guiilied  himfelf  by  an  opennefs  and  fincerity  of 
carriage.  Thefe  popular  qualities  pleafed  the 
Congregation,  and  procured  to  him  their  confi- 
dence. The  love  of  liberty,  however,  was  not, 
in  him  the  effeft  of  patriotifm,  but  of  pride  ;  his 
zeal  for  religion  was  a  political  virtue ;  and  un- 
der the  appearance  of  opennefs  and  fmcerity,  he 
could  conceal  more  fecurely  his  purpofes.  Power 
was  the  idol  which  he  worlliipped ;  and  he  was 
ready  to  acquire  it  by  methods  the  mofl  criminal. 
He  was  bold,  firm,  and  penetrating.  His  various 
mind  fitted  him  alike  for  intrigue  and  for  war. 
He  was  deflined  to  flourifli  in  the  midft  of  diffi- 
culties. His  fcigacity  enabled  him  to  forefee  dan- 
B  b  gers. 


1 86  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  gers,  his  prudence  to  prepare  for  them,  and  his 
^759^*^  fortitude  to  furmount  them.  To  his  talents,  his 
genius,  and  his  refources,  Scotland  is  indebted 
for  the  Reformation.  But  by  this  memorable 
atchievment,  he  meant  nothing  more  than  to  ad- 
vance himfelf  in  the  road  to  greatnefs.  To  this 
point  all  his  a£tions  were  direfted.  It  gave  the 
limits  to  his  generofity,  which  has  been  extolled 
as  unboimded.  His  praife,  his  carefTes,  and  his 
•  fervices,  his  dilTimulation,  his  perfidioufnefs,  and 
his  enmities,  were  all  facrifices  to  ambition.  And 
mifcarriage,  which  has  ravaged  fo  many  laurels 
from  great  men,  did  not  tarniih  his  glory.  His 
fuccefs  was  fo  confpicuous,  that  he  feemed  to  have 
the  command  of  fortune. 

The  arrival       Xhe  letters  of  Francls  and  Mary  are  to  be  con- 

of  French  ■' 

troops  at      fidered   as  an  artifice  of  the  Queen   Recent,  to 

Leith.  ^  o        ^ 

gain  or  to  intimidate  a  man  whofe  fuperior  en- 
dowments made  him  formidable.  She  perceived 
his  defedion  to  be  irrecoverable  ;  and  fought  a 
confolation  for  it  in  the  arrival  of  a  French  com- 
mander, with  a  body  of  a  thoufand  men,  and 
fums  of  money  and  military  flores.  This  captain, 
whofe  name  was  Oftavien,  was  ordered  by  her  to 
return  to  France,  to  requefl;  an  immediate  rein- 
forcement of  one  thoufand  foldiers  more,  with 

one 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND.  1 87 

one  hundred  men  at  arms,  and  four  ihips  of  war  Book  ir. 
to  guard  the  Frith  of  Edinburgh.  And  to  fti-  j^^^. 
mulate  the  zeal  of  Francis  and  Mary,  flie  took 
the  opportunity  to  inform  them,  that  the  Congre- 
gation were  foliciting  affiftance  of  men  and  mo- 
ney from  all  the  Princes  who  had  embraced  the 
Reformation.  With  the  troops  already  fent,  Ihe 
prepared  to  fortify  Leith,  which  might  ferve  her 
as  a  place  of  refuge,  and  keep  open  by  its  port  a 
communication  with  other  countries  *. 

While  Oftavien  was  preparing  for  his  depar-  New  fu^- 
ture.  La  Broffe,  a  dependant  of  the  Houfe  of  France, 
Guife,  arrived  with  two  thoufand  foot  of  addi- 
tional fupplies  ;  and  that  the  Scots  might  be  de- 
feated not  only  by  arms  but  by  difputation,  he 
brought  with  him  Pelleve,  Bifliop  of  Amiens,  and 
three  Doctors  of  the  Sorbonne  f.  ,  It  was  by  the 
advice  of  thefe  ecclefiaftics  that  the  Queen  Re- 
gent, violating  the  late  convention,  deprived  the 
Congregation  of  the  High  Church  of  Edinburgh, 
which  they  affe^led  to  purify  from  heretical  pol- 
lutions, with  a  variety  of  rites,  and  great  oflenta- 
B  b  2  tion 


*  Leily,  de  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  215. 

f   Mezeray,  Hid.  de  France,  tome  iii.  p.  16.     Spotf- 
wood,  p.  133. 


l88  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II.  tloii  of  faflcflity.  But  whatever  might  be  expe£l- 
^^^^  ed  from  their  declamations  and  arguments,  they 
were  able  only  to  afford  a  temporary  joy  and  con- 
folation  to  the  perfons  who  were  of  the  Romifh 
faith.  The  Proteftants  treated  their  legation  with 
the  mofl  fovereign  contempt,  and  confidcred  their 
parade  and  ceremonies,  not  merely  as  tricks  to 
flatter  and  impofe  upon  ignorance,  but  as  infults 
to  their  purer  do£lrines,  and  a  profanation  of 
whatever  is  moil  holy  in  the  true  religion. 

Matters  ar-  It  was  in  vain  that  the  Queen  Regent  now  at- 
laft  extre-  tempted  to  difunite  the  alfociated  nobles.  Mat- 
ters had  proceeded  to  the  lail  extremity.  The 
alarm  excited  by  the  French  troops,  and  by  the 
pertinacious  obflinacy  which  was  manifefted  in 
fupporting  the  errors  of  Popery,  fpread  through- 
out the  kingdom  with  violence.  A  proclamation 
by  the  Queen  Regent  endeavoured  to  appeafe  the 
apprehenfions  of  the  people,  and  augmented  them. 
An  anfwer  to  it  by  the  Proteftants  gave  them 
new  popularity,  and  furniflied  their  partizans  with 
arguments  and  topics  of  defence.  Each  faftion 
laid  claim  tojuflice,  vindicated  its  own  rights  and 
merits,  and  Vented  its  reproaches.     The  fpirit  of 

violence, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  189 


vioIence,'dIfunion,  and  hoflility,  was  thus  difFufed  Book  il 
the  more  *.  i^j^^. 


In  the  mean  thne,  the  Lord  James  Stuart  and  The  Eari  of 

Arran  joins 

the  Congregation  had  alTembled  anew  at  Stirling;  thePruteft- 
and  here  they  were  joined  by  the  Earl  of  Arran, 
the  eldefl  fon  of  the  Duke  of  Chattel lerault. — 
This  nobleman,  who  ,li^  lived  for  fome  years  in 
France,  where  he  commanded  the  company  of 
Scots  gendarmes  f,  had  embraced  the  Proteftant 
religion,  and  rendered  himfelf  obnoxious  to  the 
Princes  of  Lorraine,  who  were  exercifmg  the  moft 
horrid  cruelties  againft  the  Reformed.  More  zea- 
lous than  prudent,  he  had  ufed  expreilions  on  the 
fubjeft  of  Popery,  which  attrafted  too  much  no- 
tice I  The  Cardinal  of  Lorraine  marked  him  out 
for  the  flake  |(.     Not  ambitious  of  martyrdom, 

he 


*  Knox,  p.  172.  174. 

-j-  Daniel,  Hift.  de  la  Milice  Francoife,  tome  ii.  p.  174. 

:j:  Thuanus,  Hift.  fui  Temp.  lib.  xxiV. 

II  It  is  probable  that  political  reafons  concurred  with  reli- 
gion to  induce  the  Houfe  of  Guife  to  think  ofdeftroying 
the  Earl  of  Arran.  His  death  would  put  an  end  to  his  pre- 
tcnfions  to  the  crown.  It  was  with  tlie  greateft  anxiety  that 
ihey  fought  to  have  him  either  dead  or  alive.  The  conquefl 
of  Scotland  was  accounted  by  them  as  certain  ;  and,  from  a 

letter 


190  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


BaoK  11.  faved  himfelf  by  flight.  Revenge  and  rage  a£lu- 
^*^  ated  him.  In  uniting  himfelf  to  the  Congrega- 
tion he  adopted  all  their  wideft  views.  He  was 
their  friend  both  as  to  religion  and  to  liberty  j  and 
was  eager  not  only  to  ereft  the  banner  of  the  Re- 
formation upon  the  ruins  of  Popery,  but  to  a6l  in 
the  total  expulfion  of  the  French  troops. 


They  are  When  the  Earl  of  Arran  communicated  his 
iheDuiJof  complaints  to  the  Duke  of  Chattellerault,  he  could 
rau?t.*^  ^'  not  fail  to  communicate  alfo  his  refentments.  Jo 
win  him  completely  to  the  fide  of  the  Congrega- 
tion was  his  next  ftep  ;  and  it  was  not  difficult. — 
Doomed  by  the  eafinefs  of  his  temper  to  be  a  Pa- 
pift  or  a  Proteftant  in  conveniency  to  his  friends, 
the  Duke  confented  to  forfake  the  party  which 
had  honoured  him  as  their  leader.  Some  petty 
feuds  in  which  he  was  engaged  with  the  alTocia- 
ted  nobles  were  foon  extinguiilied.  His  diffatis- 
faftion  with  the  defpotic  defigns  of  the  Queen 
Regent  was  improved  into  a  difguft.     The  fmart 

of 


letter  to  Queen  Elizabeth  by  her  ambaflador  Sir  Nicholas 
Throkmorton,  it  appears,  that  the  Marquis  D'Elbeuf  was 
to  have  gone  to  Scotland,  to  refide  there  in  the  charafler  of 
its  Viceroy.     Dr  Forbes,  CoUedion  of  State  Papers,  vol.  i. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  igt 

6.  '  == 

of  injuries  offered  to  his  family  and  greatncfs  in-  Book  if, 
flamed  him  againft;  France.  He  had  indeed  op-  ,^^„ 
pofed  the  Proteftants,  but  they  were  willing  to 
receive  him  with  open  arms ;  and  they  were  ftrong 
enough  to  pr6te6l  him.  His  cafe  required  no 
deepnefs  of  thought ;  a  force  and  power  of  cir- 
cumflances  directed  his  line  of  conduft ;  and  the 
father  and  the  fon  threw  their  united  weight  in- 
to the  fcale  of  the  Congregation. 

In  this  fulnefs  of  their  flrength,  the  affociated  procccj- 
Lords  having  deliberated  upon  the  meafures  ".Ifrdsof^ 
which  the  Queen  Regent  was  purfuing,  refolved  gatior^'*^ 
to  addrefs  to  her  a  common  letter  of  expoftula- 
tion.  They  told  her  that  their  aftonifliment  was 
greatly  excited  by  her  fortifying  Leith,  expel- 
ling its  natural  inhabitants,  and  planting  a  colo- 
ny of  foreigners ;  and  that  from  this  conduft, 
which  had  no  authority  from  the  three  eflates, 
they  could  plainly  infer  her  intention  to  deftroy 
the  liberties  of  the  nation,  and  to  fubjeft  ft  to  a 
defpotifm.  They  called  upon  her  to  cofider,  that 
thefe  fteps  were  a  violation  of  the  fpirit  and  mean- 
ing of  the  late  treaty,  and  an  aft  of  hoflility  a- 
gainft  the  laws  and  the  conftitution  ;  and  they 
conjured  her  to  relinquifli  a  courfe  and  habit  of 
adminiftration,  which  muft  drive  them  to  the  dif- 

agreeablc 


ig2         HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  II     *i§r^C'^t)le  neccffity  of  giving  their  concurrence  to 
K^^y*<J  the  people,  who  knew  how  to  punifli  all  tranf- 
grelTions  of  their  rights,  and  to  flop  the  melan- 
choly approaches  of  domination  and  tyranny  *. 


»559- 


The  du  li-  ^^^  Queen  Regent  did  not  offer  to  return  a- 
QiLt  Re-  ^y  ^""^*^  ^^  explicit  anfwer  to  this  letter.  By 
J^^"''  arts  of  management  and  policy  fhe  laboured  to 

conciliate  to  her  the  Duke  of  Chattellerault  and 
the  Lord  James  Stuart.  But  as  the  fortifications 
and  military  preparations  at  Leith  were  conti- 
nued, all  her  flrongeft  affirmations  of  attachment 
to  the  nation  and  of  refpe£l:  to  its  rights  were  dif- 
regarded.  The  confederated  nobles  difpatched 
throughout  the  country  the  information  of  her 
hoftile  defigns,  defcribed  the  impending  danger, 
and  called  the  people  to  arms.  Mutual  manifef- 
toes  were  now  circulated  in  apology  for  the  con- 
duct: of  the  two  factions  f. 

By  a  flrong  acl  of  power  the  Congregation 
commanded  Broughty  Caftle  to  be  feized  for  their 
ufe ;  and  after  this  declfive  explanation  of  their 
fincerity  in  their  purpofes,    they  confulted   the 

movements 


*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XII. 
■\  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XIII. 


dp    RELIGION    IN-    SCOTLANDo  193^ 


movements  of  their  courage,  and  marched  to  E-  Book  ir. 
dmburgh.  The  Queen  Regent  retired  from  her  j^^^ 
Palace  of  Holyrood-hoiife,  to  put  herfelf  under  San^r* 
the  protection  of  the  French  troops  at  Leith. —  EuLtur°h. 
The  nobles,  that  they  might  not  feem  to  a£i;  with- 
out a  pruden-t  recolleftion,  addrelTed  a  new  ad- 
monition to  her.  They  defired  her  to  call  to  her 
remembrance  their  late  remonflrances  upon  her 
fortifying  Leith  and  planting  it  with  foreignerso 
They  alTured  her,  that  they  v/ere  flill  of  opinion, 
that  thefe  measures  indicated  a  concerted  deiign 
to  overthrow  the  national  liberties.  They  there- 
fore requefled  her  to  command  her  Frenchmen 
and  mercenaries  to  depart  from  Leith,  and  to 
make  it  open  and  patent  not  only  to  the  natural 
inhabitants,  who  had  been  difpdlTed  of  their 
houfes,  but  to  all  the  fubjeAs  of  Scotland.  And 
they  declared,  that  her  refuial  of  this  requifition 
iliould  be  held  by  them  as  a  decifive  proof  of  her 
projeft  to  reduce  the  kingdom  to  flavery  ;  and 
that  they  were  determined  to  employ  all  their 
power  to  defend  and  protect  the  national  freedom 
and  independency  "*. 

The  meffenger  of  the  Congregation  was  dif- 
C  c  miffed 

*  CoMECTios  cf  Records,  No.  XIV. 


jg4  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  II.    miffed  by  the  Queen  Regent  without  any  anfwer; 


ij,19- 


but  two  days  after  flic  had  received  this  new  re- 
RegeS^^^"  monftrance,  llie  fent  to  them  the  Lord  Lion  King 
Lord  tlon  ^^  Arms.  He  told  them,  that  flie  confidered  their 
to  them.  clenaand  and  claim,  not  only  as  prefumptuous,  but 
as  an  encroachment  tipon  the  royal  authority  ; 
that  it  was-  an  indignity  to  her  to  be  dictated  to 
by  fubje(fts ;  that  Frenchmen  were  not  to  be 
treated  as  foreigners,  as  they  were  intitled  to  the 
privileges  of  Scotfmen  ;  and  that  flie  would  nei- 
ther difband  her  troops,  nor  order  the  town  of 
Leith  to  be  open  and  patent.  Upon  delivering 
this  refolute  meffage,  the  Lord  Lion,  in  her  name 
and  by  her  authority,  commanded  the  Lords  of 
the  Congregation  to  depart  from  Edinburgh, 
and  to  difperfe  themfelves,  under  the  pain  of  high 
treafon  *. 


They  dell-        An  aufwcr  (o  unequivocal  explained  the  inten- 

bcratc  upon 

the  condudb  tions  of  the  Queen  Regent  without  the  poffibili- 

oftheQnccn  .  . 

Regent, and  ty  of  a  doubt.     Agitated  with  this  avowed  con- 
deprive  her     ^ 
oi  her  office,  tempt  of  the  laws,  and  with  this  deliberate  infult 

to  their  rank  and  to  their  power,  the  affociated 

Lords  thought  of  inftant  and  decifive  action.— 

A  council  of  nobles,  burons,  and  burgeffes,  was 

affembled ; 


*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XV. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I95 

affembled  ;  and  the  Lord  Ruthven  adted  as  prefi-  Book  it. 
dent.  Having  ftated  the  preiiiraptuous  refufal  j^^^. 
which  had  been  given  to  the  repeated  and  earnefl 
felicitations  of  men  who  were  counfellors  and  le- 
giflators,  he  put  this  impoi'tant  queftion  :  "  Is  it 
"  fit,  or  not,  that  the  Queen  Regent  fliould  con- 
"  troul  the  commonwealth,  and  fubjeft  the  peo- 
^^  pie  to  bondage  ?"  A  deep  filence  enfued. — 
The  dignity  of  a  citizen  in  a  free  nation,  the  ma- 
jefty  of  a  chief  magiftrate,  the  abufe  of  delegated 
power  5  thefe  great  confiderations  filled  every 
man's  mind.  Struck  with  the  novelty  of  their 
Ctuation,  with  its  grandeur,  and  with  the  reve- 
rence of  authority,  fome  hefitated  concerning 
their  right  to  fufpend  the  operation  of  the  regen- 
cy in  the  abfenc^  of  their  Sovereign.  The  cafe 
appeared  to  be  without  any  example  in  the  hiftory 
of  Scotland.  To  the  preachers  they  applied  as 
€0  oracles.  John  Willocks  fpoke  of  the  limita- 
tion of  magiilrates  by  the  word  of  God,  and  of 
the  depofition  of  kings  recorded  in  the  Scriptures. 
John  Knox  affured  them,  that  the  prefervation  of 
tile  commonwealth  and  the  incurable  fms  of  the 
Queen  Regent  were  fufficient  reafons  for  depri- 
ving her  of  her  high  office ;  but  that  in  withdraw-  ' 
ing  their  obedience  from  her,  they  did  not  with- 
draw from  the  duty  which  they  owed  to  their  So- 
C  c  2  yereigii. 


196  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  il  vcreigii.  In  the  courfe  of  their  deliberations  e» 
^*Q^  very  doubt  which  had  been  entertained  was  com- 
pletely fatisfied  ;  and  at  length  the  vote  being  cal- 
led for  degrading  the  Queen  Regent,  every  man 
was  required  to  give  his  judgment  according  to 
his  confcience,  and  as  he  was  to  anfwer  to  the 
Almighty  God.  Every  voice  pronounced  her 
guilt,  and  confented  to  her  humiliation.  And 
the  nobility,  barons  and  burge'lTes,  all  agreed  and 
concurred  in  fubfcribing  an  cdi<5l  which  fufpend- 
ed  her  commiffion  of  regency,  and  removed  her 
from  the  admiuiftration  of  the  government  *. 

Their  fen-  This  cdicl  or  ordination  f  was  fent  to  the  chief 
decree.  citics  of  Scotland,  and  publiflied  in  them.  It  re-^ 
prefented  the  urgent  neceffity  of  the  common- 
wealth which  had  given  occafion  to  fo  flrong  an 
aft  ;  and  enumerated  in  detail  the  oiTences  of  the 
Queen  Regent.  It  mentioned  her  march  to> 
Perth  with  armed  men  to  punifli  the  inhabitants 
who  had  made  a  profeflion  of  the  true  religion, 
but  who  had  been  convicted  of  no  crime;  her  ho- 
flile  preparations  and  proceedings  againfl  the  nobles 

and 


*  Spots  WOOD,  p.  135.    136.    137.     Knox,  p.   198.     Bii- 
cl-.anar,  Hill.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 

,  -j-  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XVI. 


197  OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


and  barons  who  had  afTociated  from  motives  of 


Book  TL 


piety,  and  againfl  whom  iio  criminal  fentence  ^.•^'^ 
had  been  pronounced ;  her  Rationing  garrifons 
in  particular  towns,  to  the  deflniclion  of  their 
liberties ;  her  rem.oval  of  magiftrates  at  her  plea- 
lure,  and  her  election  of  others  in  their  place,  in 
contempt  of  eftabliflied  forms ;,  her  planting  a  co- 
lony of  foreigners  in  a  principal  ftalion  of  her 
Idngdom,  with  a  view  to  its  conquelT:,  and  with- 
out the  confent  of  the  three  eftates ;  her  deba- 
fmg  the  coin,  and  her  circulation  of  money  made 
of  lead,  to  the  impovcriiliment  of  the  realm,  and 
the  ruin  of  all  foreign  trade  ;  hei*  maintaining 
flrangers  in  the  great  offices  of  flate,  to  the  ex- 
treme danger  of  religious  and  civil  liberty  ;  her 
tranfporting  the  great  fcal  out  of  the  kingdom^ 
that  it  might  be  put  to  the  mofl  inclement  ufes  ; 
her  altering  the  old  laws  and  cuftoms  by  the  in- 
trpdudion  of  French  formalities  in  the  remilHons 
and  pardon  of  criminals  ;  her  upholding  a  formi- 
dable army  of  mercenaries  in  oppofition  to  the 
nature  and  fpirit  of  the  government;  and,  in  fine, 
her  determined  refolution  to  refufe  all  redrefs  of 
injury  and  grievances.  Such  were  the  offences 
which  compelled  them  to  degrade  her  from  au- 
th6rity  and  office,  and  prohibit  all  the  officers  of 

ftate 


198  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  ti-    ftatc  from  paying  any  obedience  or  refpeft  to  her 
^^^yy^  commands. 


IJJ9. 


By  tliefe  bold  proceedings  the  lords  and  the 
commons  of  the  Congregation  did  not  mean  to 
deftroy  altogether  the  operation  of  the  civil  go- 
vernment :  they  confidered  themfelves  as  forming 
a  council  for  the  adminiftration  of  affairs  under 
Francis  and  Mary.  Hence,  when  they  difpatched 
the  Lord  Lion  King  at  Arms  to  the  Queen  Dow- 
ager with  the  aft  of  her  deprivation,  they  took 
the  opportunity  to  inform  her  by  letter,  that  they 
confidered  her  adminiftration  as  in  a  violent  hofti- 
lity  to  the  will  of  their  fovereign  Lord  and  Lady, 
whofe  counfellors  they  were  ;  and  that  it  was  in 
their  name  and  authority  that  tliey  had  fufpend- 
ed  her  from  the  regency  *. 

In  the  democratical  genius  of  the  Scottifli  con- 
flitution,  in  the  importance  which  diftinguiilied 
the  people  from  the  earlieil  times,  there  is  the 
ftrongeil  vindication  of  this  meafure  f.  Limited 
by  laws,  magiftrates,  not  defpots,  even  the  mo- 

narchs 


*  See  ColleAion  of  Records,  No.  XVI. 
f  See  Obferrations  concerning  the  Public  JjftW  ind  the 
Cortftitutiofitl  Hiftory  of  Scotland* 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


19^ 


narchs  of  Scotland  themfelves  when  they  prefii-  eook  ir. 
med  to  invade  the  rights  of  the  nation,  by  their  ^■^'^'^^ 
reprefentatives  or  in  their  own  perfons,  were  ex- 
pofed  to  the  refiftanoe  and  the  correction  of  the 
fubjefb.  The  indignant  people  might  vindicate 
their  priveleges  and  their  honours.  Upon  flight 
tranfgreffions  they  might  give  the  alarm  to  the 
fears  of  their  prince,  and  reprefs  by  remonflrance 
the  intoxication  of  his  grandeur.  Upon  greeJt 
occafions,  and  in  the  hard  moments  of  tyranny, 
they  might  yield  to  tlie  fullnefs  of  their  rsfent- 
raants  and  their  wrongs  5  and  making  him  a  fa- 
crifice  to  juftice,  and  an  inJlruclian  to  poflerity, 
conduft  him  from  the  thvone  to  the  fcaffold* 


T  H  R 


THE 

k  I  S  T  O  R  Y 

OF     THE 

REFORMATION  OF  RELIGIOM 

IN 

SGGTLAND. 

BOOK    III. 

AFTER  depriving  the  Queen  Dowagei*  of 
the  regency,  the  Congregation  fummoned  ^•vO 
Leith  to  furrender,  and  required  its  garrifon  to  Tbe¥r^o- 
leave  the  town  within  the  fpace  of  twelve  hours,  fummon 
A  defiance  being  given  to  their  power,  and  their  furrenSr; 
herald  being  treated  with  indignity,  fome  petty  todiiefr 
ikirmilhes  enfued.     The  confederated  nobles  now 
prepared  to  enter  Leith  by  fcalade  j  and,  for  mis 
fervice,  ladders  Were  framed  in  the  church  of  St 
Giles ;  a  biifinefs  which  interrupting  the  preach- 
ers in  the  exercife  of  public  worlliip,  made  them 
prognoflicate  misfqrtune  and  mifcarriage  to  the 
B  d  Congregation. 


202  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  HI. 


Congregation.     In  the  difpleafure  of  the  preach- 

^^"^^"^   crs  the  common  people  found  a  fource  of  com- 
Jj59-  .       . 

plaint ;  and  the  emilTaries  of  the  Queen  Dowager 

a^lhig  with  indefatigable  induftry  to  divide  her 
adverfaries,  and  to  fpread  chagrin  and  diffatisfac- 
tion  among  them,  difcontent,  animofity,  and  ter- 
ror, came  to  prevail  to  a  great  degree.  The  Duke 
of  Chattellerault,  invaded  by  timidities,  difcou- 
raged  many  by  his  example.     Defections  from 
the   Proteflants    added   flrength   to  the  Queen 
Dowager.     The  mod  fecret  deliberations  of  the 
confederated  Lords  were  revealed  to  her.     The 
foldiery  were  clamorous  for  pay,  and  it  was  very 
difficult  to    procure  money  to    extinguifh  their 
claims.      Attempts  to  footh   and  appeafe  them, 
difcovering  their  confequence,  engendered  muti- 
nies.    They  put  to  death  a  domeflic  of  the  Earl 
of  Argyle,  who  endeavoured  tocompofe  them  to 
order ;  they  infulted  feveral  perfons  of  rank  who 
difcovered  a  folicitude  to  pacify  them  ;  and  they 
even  ventured  to  declare,  that,  for  a  proper  re- 
ward, they  were  ready  to  fupprefs  the  Reforma* 
tion,  and  to  re-eftablifli  the  mafs  *. 


It* 


*  Spotswood,  p.  138.    Knox,  p.  200. 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND.  203 

i*—— — — ■—  I         III  I  ' 

It  was  abfolutely  necelTary  to  give  fatisfac-  Book  hi. 
tion  to  the  Proteftant  foldiers.  The  lords  and  ^^C^^ 
gentlemen  of  the  Congregation  collected  a  confi-  Jj^^'^y^^nd 
derable  fum  among  them,  but  it  was  not  equal  to  tJ^„S. 
the  prefent  exigency.  The  avarice  of  many  taught 
them  to  vvith-hold  what  they  could  afford,  and 
the  poverty  of  others  did  not  permit  them  to  in- 
dulge their  generofity.  It  was  refolved,  that 
each  nobleman  fliould  furrender  his  filver  plate, 
to  be  flruck  into  money.  By  the  addrefs,  how^ 
ever,  of  the  Queen  Dowager,  the  officers  of  the 
mint  were  bribed  to  conceal,  or  to  convey  to  a 
diflance,  the  {lamps  and  inflruments  of  coinage. 
A  gloomy  defpair  gave  difquiet  to  the  Congrega- 
tion, and  threatened  their  ruin.  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, with  whofe  minifters  the  confederated  Lords 
maintained  a  correfpondence  at  this  time,  had 
frequently  promifed  them  her  alTiftance  ;  but  they 
could  not  now  wait  the  event  of  a  deputation  to 
the  court  of  England.  In  an  extremity  fo  pref. 
fmg,  they  therefore  applied  for  a  fum  of  money 
to  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  and  Sir  James  Croft,  the 
governors  of  Berwick ;  and  Cockburn  of  Ormi- 
flon,  who  was  entrufled  with  this  commiffion,  ob- 
tained from  them  an  aid  of  four  thoufand  crowns. 
Traitors,  however,  in  the  councils  of  the  Congre- 
gation, having  informed  the  Queen  Dowager  of 
D  d  a  hia 


204  HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 

i  '       t 

Book  tif.     his  ciTand  and  expedition,  the  Earl  of  Bothwel, 
j^^^^      by  her  order,  intercepted  him  upon  his  return, 
difcomfited  his  retinue,  and  made  a  prize  of  the 
Englifli  fubfidy  *. 

An  unfile-  To  rouzc  the  fpirit  of  the  party,  an  attack  was 
tempt  a-  proje£i:ed  upon  Leith,  and  fome  pieces  of  artille- 
ry were  planted  againfl  it.  But  before  any  charge 
could  be  made,  the  French  foldiers  fallied  out  to 
give  battle  to  the  troops  of  the  Congregation, 
poflefied  themfelves  of  their  cannon,  and  drove 
them  back  to  Edinburgh.  A  report  that  the  vic- 
tors had  entered  this  city  with  the  fugitives,  filled 
it  with  diforder  and  difmay.  The  Earl  of  Ar- 
gyle  and  his  Highlanders  haftened  to  recover  the 
honour  of  the  day,  and  harraffed  the  French  in 
their  retreat.  This  petty  conflift,  while  it  elated 
the  Queen  Dowager,  ferved  to  augment  the  de- 
fpondence  of  the  Proteflants*  Their  councils  were 
without  vigour,  and  refolutions  were  no  fooner 
formed  than  they  were  abandoned. 


A  fecond         Vain  of  their  prowefs,  the  French  made  a  new 

(kjimifli.      ^^jiy  f^^^  Leith,  with  a  view  to  intercept  a  fup- 

ply  of  provifions  and  ftores  for  the  Congregation, 

The 


*  Kfith,  Append.  No.  i^> 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  205 

The  Earl  of  Arran  and  the  Lord  James  Stuart  Book  iir. 
advanced  to  attack  them,  and  obliged  them  to  re-  ,^^5. 
tire.  But  parfuing  them  with  too  much  heat, 
a  frefli  body  of  French  troops  made  its  appear- 
ance. It  was  prudent  to  retreat,  but  difficult. — 
An  obflinate  reliflance  was  made.  It  was  the  ob- 
je£l:  of  the  French  to  cut  off  the  foldiers  of  the 
Congregation  from  Edinburgh,  and  by  this  means 
to  divide  the  ftrength  of  that  ftation.  The  Ear! 
of  Arran  and  the  Lord  James  Stuart  had  occa- 
fion  for  all  their  addrefs  and  courage.  Though 
they  were  able,  however,  to  effeft  their  efcape, 
their  lofs  was  confiderable,  and  the  viftory  was 
manifellly  on  the  fide  of  their  adverfaries  *. 

About  this  time,  William  Maitland  of  Leth-  secrrtary 
ington,  fecretary  to  the  Queen  Dowager,  with-  join^tTc 
drew  fecretly  from  Leith,  and  joined  himfelf  to  titnF^^^° 
the  confederated  Nobles.     He  had  been  difgufted 
with  the  jealoufies  of  the  French  counfellors,  and 
was  expofed  to  danger  from  having  embraced  the 
doftrines  of  the  Reformed.     His  reception  was 
cordial,  and  correfponded  to  the  opinion  enter- 
tained of  his  wifdom  and  experience.     He  was 
{killed  in  bufmefs,  adorned  with  literature,  and 

accuftomed 


*  BucHAKAN,  Hift.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xv*. 


^o6         HISTORY   OF   THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.   accuftomed  to  refleftion.     But,  as  yet,  it  was  not 
^Xy"^  known  that  his  want  of  integrity  was  in  propor- 
tion to  the  greatnefs  of  his  talents, 


The  Pro-         The  acccffion  of  this  ftatefman  to  their  party 
leave  Edin-  could  not  confolc  the  Lords  of  the  Congregation 

burgh  f 

for  the  unpromifmg  afped  of  their  aiFairs.  The 
two  difcomfitures  they  had  received  funk  deeply 
into  the  minds  of  their  followers.  -  Thofe  who  af- 
fefted  prudence,  retired  privately  from  a  caufe 
which  they  accounted  to  be  dcfperate ;  and  the 
tiraerous  iled  with  precipitation.  It  was  to  no 
purpofe  that  Maitland  urged  the  Proteflants  to 
conilancy,  and  to  maintain  their  pofl  at  Edin- 
burgh. It  was  in  vain  that  the  Lord  James  Stu- 
aft  exerted  himfelf  to  fl^ew  thi  propriety  of  this 
meafure.  The  Lord  Erikine,  who  had  import- 
ance from  his  perfonal  charafter,  and  as  the  Go- 
vernor of  Edinburgh  Caflle,  refufed  to  declare  for 
the  Congregation,  and  made  profelTions  of  neu- 
trality. The  Earls  of  Huntley  and  Morton  were 
fuppofed  to  be  friends  to  the  Reformed,  but  re- 
mained in  fufpence  from  irrefolution  or  craftinefs. 
It  was  fufpefled,  that  many  perfons  of  rank  were 
foon  to  give  openly  their  influence  to  the  Queen 
Dowager  ;  and  already  flie  was  aflifled  by  the 
Earl  of  Bothwel,  and  the  Lords  Seaton  and  Borth- 

wick*. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  20/ 

wick.  The  wailings  and  diflruft  of  the  brethren  Eook  iit. 
were  mehmcholy  and  infectious ;  and  exciting  the  i^jcj. 
ridicule  and  fcorn  of  the  partizans  of  the  Queen 
Dowager,  were  thence  angmented  the  more.  A 
diftrefs  not  to  be  comforted  feemed  to  have  in- 
vaded the  Proteftants ;  and  the  affociated  Nobles 
confented  to  abandon  the  capital.  A  little  after 
midnight  they  retired  from  Edinburgh  ;  and  fo 
great  was  the  panic  which  prevailed,  that  they 
marched  to  Stirling  without  any  flop  or  intermif- 
fion  *. 

John  Knox,  who  had  accommpanied  the  Con-  They  fend 
gregation  to  Stirling,  anxious  to  recover  their  u-  '^  England, 
naniraity  and  courage,  addrelTed  them  from  the 
pulpit.  He  reprefented  their  misfortunes  as  the 
confequences  of  their  fins ;  and  entreating  them 
to  remember  the  goodnefs  of  their  caufe,  alTured 
them,  in  the  end,  of  joy,  honour,  and  vidory. 
His  popular  eloquence,  correfponding  to  all  their 
warmed  wiflies,  difFufed  fatisfaflion  and  chearful- 
nefs.  They  pafTed  from  difpair  to  hope.  A  coun- 
cil was  held,  in  which  tlie  confederated  nobles  de- 
termined to  folicit,  by  a  formal  embalTy,  the  aid 
of  Queen  Ehzabeth.     Maitland  of  Lethington, 

and 
*'■'■''    *  •  I    ,    '  ■  •  J,-  ..t 

*  Knox,  p.  205.    Spotfwood,  p.  139. 


2o8         HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  III.  and  Robert  Melvil,  were  chofen  to  negociate  this 
iss^  important  tranfaftion  j  and  they  received  tlie  ful- 
left  inftruftions  concerning  the  ftate  and  difficul- 
ties of  the  Congregation,  the  tyrannical  defigns  of 
the  Queen  Dowager,  and  the  danger  which  threa- 
tened England  from  the  union  of  Scotland  with 
France. 

<i3eei?  Eli-  Though  Elizabeth  had  employed  Sir  Ralph 
urged  ti  Sadler,  Sir  James  Croft,  and  Thomas  Randolph, 
ance^to'the  to  watch  ovcr  the  affairs  of  Scotland,  to  aftpri- 
tonf  ^*'*"  vately  with  the  Congregation,  and  to  fupply  them 
with  advice  and  money,  fhe  yet  affe(5led  a  flow- 
nefs  of  councils,  and  the  formahty  of  debates. — - 
The  commiflioncrs  from  the  Proteftants  vindica- 
ted the  confederated  Nobles  from  the  charge  of 
rebellion,  and  demonftrated,  by  an  hiftorical  de- 
tail of  circumftances,  that  they  had  been  neceffi- 
tated  to  take  up  arms  in  defence  of  the  govern- 
ment and  liberties  of  Scotland.  They  traced  the 
defpotic  intentions  of  France  and  the  Queen  Dow- 
ager, to  the  marriage  of  the  Queen  of  Scots 
with  the  Dauphin  j  and  in  giving  the  narrative  of 
her  adminiftration,  they  pointed  out  its  tendency 
in  her  French  counfellors,  her  French  troops^  her 
perpetual  oppofition  to  the  natives  of  Scotland, 
her  hatred  to  England,  aad  her  a2e(^oa  to  France* 

They 


•F    RELIGION    IN    SCOTI^AND.  209 


They  infifted  that  the  Pioteftants  were  animated  Book  itr. 
by  no  motives  whatever,  but  the  extirpation  of  ^^, 
idolatry,  and  the  prefervation  of  their  civil  rights. 
It  was  to  advance  thefe  falutary  ends  that  they 
defired  the  affiflance  of  England  ;-  and  they  offer- 
ed, in  return,  the  amity  of  the  Scottifli  nation. — 
The  two  ftates  were  about  to  be  of  the  fame  re- 
ligion, and  no  meafure  could  contribute  fo  power- 
fully to  their  mutual  ftrength  and  endurance  as 
the  effectual  coalition  of  their  interefhs.  The 
Congreg-ation  were  difpofed  to  enter  into  a  folid 
and  permanent  treaty  with  England.  The  na- 
tives of  both  countries,  with  a  few  exceptions) 
were  keen  and  ftrenuous  for  this  alliance.  And 
in  fine,  the  conqueft  of  Scotland,  if  atchieved  by 
French  policy  and  arms,  would  open  a  fource  of 
calamities  to  the  Englifli  nation,  which  its  utmoft 
efforts  might  be  unable  to  refift.  The  urgency 
and  ftrength  of  thefe  motives,  it  was  contended, 
could  not  efcape  remark,  and  muft  carry  a  lively 
conviftion  along  with  them.  It  was  therefore  in- 
ferred, that  Queen  Elizabeth  ought  to  prevent 
the  poffibility  of  future  dangers  to  her  kingdom, 
to  give  a  prefent  check  to  the  encroachments  of 
an  Stobitious  enemy,  and  to  acquire  to  herfelf 
an  ally,  whofe  gratitude  and  attachment  would 
E  e  compenfate 


210  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

-7.-  I  I  •  .  -  .,■;"% 

Book  III.   compenfatc  and  reward  her  fervices  and  genero- 
VwAv^w  fity*. 

IJ59- 

^onsTthc  To  fome  of  the  Englifli  ftatefmen  it  feemed  a 
Stetcfmcn.  dangerous  precedent,  to  furnifli  aid  to  fubjefts  a- 
gainft  the  ruling  authority ;  and  to  refufe  aiTift- 
ance  to  Proteftants  fuffering  under  the  opprellions 
of  Papifts,  appeared  an  impiety  to  others.  But 
Sir  William  Cecil,  weighing  profoundly  the  true 
interefts  of  England,  fet  himfelf  to  confider  the 
confequences  of  the  eflablifliment  of  the  French 
power  in  Scotland.  He  regarded  the  French  as 
the  inveterate  i^nd  incurable  enemies  of  England. 
When  they  made  peace,  it  was  only  that  they 
might  grow  in  Itrength,  and  renew  hoftilities 
with  greater  efficacy.  As  their  natural  refources 
were  immeufe,  they  foon  recovered  from  difaftera 
and  defeats  j  and  it  was  not  poflible  for  th«m  to 
be  poor  or  peaceable  for  any  length  of  years. — 
The  Houfe  of  Guife  had  adopted  the  notion,  that 
the  Queen  of  Scots  was  the  true  heir  of  the  En- 
glifli monarchy  ;  and  they  were  eager  to  gain  it 
to  France.  The  infolence  with  which  Henry  II. 
had  difputed  the  title  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  her 
crown  and  kingdom,  was  fufficiently  known. — 

The 

^Record  ap.  Burnet,  vol.  3.  Append,  p.  278; 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  "211 


The  burning  defire  of  the  French  nation  to  in-   Boor  hi. 
vofve  her  in  difficulties  and  danger,  had  urged  ^-^^''"^' 


iii9- 


them  to  obtain  a  bull  from  Rome,  declaring  her 
to  be  the  fruit  of  an  illicit  amour ;  had  engaged 
them  in  intrigues  againil  her  with  foreign  nations ; 
and  had  induced  their  monarchs  to  ufurp,  and  to 
engraVfe  on  their  plate  and  pageants,  the  arms  of 
the  Queen  of  England.  Their  arts,  conduft,  and 
practices,  were  ftrongly  expreflive  of  the  moft  ho- 
flile  intentions  ;  and  it  was  not  fit  that  a  politic 
addrefs,  and  fmooth  difguifes,  iliould  conceal  their 
perfidioufnefs  and  ambition.  While  the  Scottifh 
nobles  could  maintain  their  importance,  and  that 
of  their  nation,  England  might  truil  to  its  fitua- 
tion,  and  naval  power,  as  a  firm  prote-ftion,  and 
a  formidable  barrier  ;  and  had  little  reafon  to  ap- 
prehend the  invafions  of  France.  But,  if  Scot- 
land were  fubdued,  its  force,  and  the  ftrength  of 
the  French  kingdom,  might  deftroy  altogether 
the  Englifli  independency  and  government.  It 
was  from  the  Scottifli  borders  that  England  could 
be  invaded  with  the  furell  probability  of  fuccefs ; 
it  was  upon  Englifli  ground  that  a  fmgle  battle 
might  make  the  crown  to  totter  upon  the  head  of 
the  fovereign ;  and  the  nobles  anjd  the  people  in 
the  northern  counties  were  fo  much  difpofed  to 
Popery,  that  a  fufpicion  might  juflly  be  entertain- 
E  e  3  ed 


212  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  II L  ed  of  their  aiFeftioiis.  To  remain  indolent  and 
^Tf**'^  fecure  till  the  fchemes  of  France  ripened  for  ex* 
edition,  and  till  it  could  flrike  overwhelming 
blows,  was  the  height  of  weaknefs  and  fimplicity. 
To  prevent  its  approaches  to  greatnefs,  and  to 
employ  courage  and  flratagem  againft  it,  were 
meafures  of  manlinefs  and  wifdora.  By  entering 
early  upon  adion,  the  war  would  be  confined  to 
Scotland,  and  an  opportunity  would  be  afforded 
of  ftrengthening  the  Englilh  frontiers.  The  e- 
nemy,  difcouraged  and  difconcerted  in  the  firft 
flages  of  their  defigns,  would  defpond  and  lan-» 
guifli ;  and  the  bufmefs  of  the  total  expulfion  of 
the  French  from  Scotland,  be  effefted  with  the 
greater  facility,  and  at  the  fmalleft  charge  *. 

Queen  Ell-       QuEEN  Elizabth,  who  was  fagacious  in  dif- 

aabtth  a-  ^^ 

grces  to  af-  ccmin^  her  real  interefts,  and  firm  in  profecuting 

lilltheCon-  °  . 

grcgation.  them,  perccived  all  the  advantages  of  interpofing 
in  the  concerns  of  Scotland.  The  reprefenta- 
tions  of  the  Scottifli  commiffioners,  and  of  her 
own  council,  obtained  her  full  afifent.  A  refolu- 
tion  was  taken  to  aflift  the  Congregation ;  and  it 
was  pronounced  to  be  a  ftep  not  only  jufl  and 

honourable 


*  Keith,  Append,  No.  XVII.    Burrfet,  vol.  iii.    ColleG« 
iion  of  Records,  p.  283,  387. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLANDv  215 

honourable,  but  even  neceffary  and  profitable  *.    Book  in: 
Robert  Melvil,  accordingly  was  difpatched,   to  ^^C^ 
inform  the  confederated  Nobles  of  her  determina- 
tion, and  to  prepare  them  for  the  treaty  which 
fhe  intended  to  conclude  with  them. 

After  they  had  difpatched  their  comraiffion-  Theaffo- 
ers  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  the  Lords  of  the  Con-  ^i"  g°  ^ 

^^  different 

gregation  feparated,  to  employ  their  activity  in  parts  of  the 
the  two  great  divifions  of  the  country.  The 
Duke  of  Chattellerauit,  the  Earl  of  Glencairn, 
and  the  Lords  Boyd  and  Ochiltree,  with  their 
friends,  moved  to  the  weft,  and  chofe  Glafgov/  as 
the  place  of  their  refidence.  The  Lord  James 
Stuart,  and  the  Earls  of  Rothes  and  Arran,  and 
the  Mafter  of  Lindfey,  with  their  adherents,  took 
their  ftation  in  the  county  of  Fife.  To  give  com- 
fort to  the  Reformed  in  a  more  extenfive  degree, 
to  encourage  their  hopes,  and  to  court  new  par- 
tizans,  were  the  objefts  of  this  feparation ;  and 
that  a  regular  intelligence  might  be  preferved, 
and  a  proper  communication  of  meafures  be  kept 
up  by  the  confederated  leaders,  Mr  Henry  Bal- 
naves  attended  the  nobles  at  Glafgow  as  their  fe- 

cretary, 


*  Da  FoRSEs,  State  Papers,  vol.  i.  p.  390,  ^^6. 


■214  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  Til.   crctary,  and  to  thofe  in  Fife  Mr  Knox  afted  in  the 
1559.      fame  character  and  capacity  *. 


The  images  The  Dukc  of  Chattellcrault  deflroyed,  at 
at  Giafgow  Glafgow,  iall  the  images  and  altars,  and  polTelTed 
liflied.  himfelf  of  the  caftle,  which  belonged  to  the  arch- 
mation  by'  billiop  of  that  fee.  Upon  the  approach,  how- 
of  Chattel-  ever,  of  a  body  of  French  troops,  mth  the  arch- 

Icravlt. 

bifliop,  and  the  Lords  Semple,  Seaton,  and  Rofs,. 
he  left  the  town.  But  the  French  marching  back 
inftantly  to  Edinburgh,  the  city  of  Glafgow  was 
again  occupied  by  the  Duke  and  his  friends.— 
He  now  publiflied  a  remarkable  proclamation,  un- 
der the  fanftion  and  authority  that  the  Reform- 
ed leaders  were  a  council  aftiiig  for  Francis  and 
Mary.  Having  obferved,  that  it  was  the  chief 
care  and  fludy  of  the  alTociated  Nobles  to  advance 
the  glory  of  God,  by  maintaining  the  true  preach- 
ers of  the  word,  and  reforming  religion,  he  com- 
manded the  officers  of  tlie  crown,  m  the  name  and 
authority  of  the  King  and  Queen  of  Scots,  to 
charge  all  the  clergy  who  had  not  yet  joined  the 
Congregation,  to  appear  before  it  without  delay, 
to  teftify  their  converiion  from  Popery,  and  their 
abhorrence  of  fuperiliiion.    If  they  ftjould  refufe 

to 


*  Spotswood,  p.  140. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  CL1$ 

to  comply  with  this  order,  tlie  proclamation  af-  Book  tit. 
furcd  them,  that  they  Ihould  be  accounted  ene-  ^^'Q^ 
mies  to  God,  and  to  the  true  religion  ;  and  that 
the  fruits  and  profits  of  their  benefices  fliould  be 
taken  from  them,  and  employed  in  fuppordng 
the  faithful  preachers  of  the  gofpel,  and  for  other 
purpofes  advantageous  to  the  commonwealth  *. 

.  This  violence,  inftead  of  anfwering  any  fatu- 
tary  end,  inflamed  the  pafllons  of  the  priefthood ; 
and  appears  to  have  induced  them  to  think  anew 
of  perfecutions  againft  the  Reformed.  Hence, 
another  proclamation  was  ifTued  by  the  Proteft- 
ants,  of  which  it  was  the  objeft  to  put  a  flop  to 
the  convention  of  all  confiflories,  or  ecclefiailical 
courts,  for  admin  iftering  and  carrying  into  force 
the  laws  againft;  heretics  f. 

From  the  flight  and  difperfion  of  the  confede-  ^j^^  q^^^,^ 
rated  Nobles,  the  Queen  Dowager  conceived  high  fn^^rsSflj 
expeftations.     She  immediately  took  polfeffion  of  ^"""s^* 
Edinburgh  with  the  French  troops,  and  driving 
from  it  all  perfons  of  the  Reformed  faith,  refl:ored 
the  fervice  of  the  church  of  Rome.     Amidft  the 

exceffive 

*  Keith,  p.  i  ii. 

t  Petrie,  ap.  Keith,  p.  112. 


2l6  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.  exccfTive  triumph  and  exultation  of  the  Papifls, 
^^^^  the  High  Church  was  again  hallowed  by  the  Bi* 
fliop  of  Amiens,  with  a  variety  and  fplendour  of 
ceremonies.  This  profperous  turn  of  affairs  was 
announced  by  her  to  the  Princes  of  Lorraine; 
and  flie  requefled,  in  an  earned  manner,  their  ut- 
moft  diligence  in  tranfporting  new  bands  of  fol- 
diers,  that  flie  might  be  able  to  improve  her  fuc- 
cefs,  and  atchieve  the  full  conqueft  of  Scotland  ** 

sherefoires      Her  elevatioH  of  miud,  however,  was  foon  re- 

tofinilhthe 

■war  before   prelTed,  by  the  certain  intelligence  fhe  received  of 
of  the  Eng-  fj-^g  neffociatiou  with  Elizabeth,  and  of  her  pro* 

lifh  troops.  ^  '  ^ 

mife  to  alTifl  the  aflbciated  Lords.  She  adopted^ 
notwithftanding,  a  very  fpirited  conduft.  Before 
the  Englifli  army  could  arrive,  flie  determined  to 
deftroy  the  Congregation.  Againfl  the  nobles 
in  Fife  (he  directed  her  firfl  operations.  Her 
French  troops  took  the  road  to  Stirling,  and 
wailed,  in  their  march,  all  the  grounds  which  be- 
longed to  the  f;avourers  of  the  Reformation.— 
After  renewing  their  depredations  at  Stirling, 
they  palTed  the  bridge  there,  and  proceeding  a- 
long  the  fide  of  the  river,  cxercifed  their  cruel- 
ties and  opprelTions  in  a  diftrift  which  had  di- 

ftinguifhed 

*  Knox,  p.  213.    Spotfwood,  p.  139.  140. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


ftinguillied  itfelf  by  an  ardent  zeal  againfl:  Popery,    book  hi. 
While  the  terror  of  their  arms  was  thus  diffufmg 


I5J9- 


itfelf,  they  refolved  to  feize  the  town  and  caftle 
of  St  Andrews,  which  they  confidered  as  an  im- 
portant military  ftation,  and  as  a  convenient  place 
of  reception  for  the  auxiliaries  they  expefted  from 
France. 


But  the  Lord  James  Stuart,  penetrating  into  The  Pro- 
their  defigns,  employed  himfelf  to  interrupt  their  deavonr  to 
progrefs,  and  retard  their  attempts ;  and  it  was  Frsnch 
his  object,  at  the  fame  time,  to  keep  the  force  of 
the  Congregation  entire,  to  hazard  no  a£l-ion  of 
importance,  and  to  wait  the  approach  of  the  Eng- 
lifh  army.  A  fmall  advantage  was  obtained  by 
the  French  at  Petticure ;  and  they  poffelTed 
themfelves  of  Kinghorn.  The  Lord  James  Stu- 
art, with  500  horfe,  and  one  hundred  foot,  en- 
tered Dyfart.  With  this  inconfiderable  ftrength 
he  propofed  to  aft  againfl  an  army  of  four  thou- 
fand  men  *.  His  admirable  ikill  in  military  af- 
fairs, and  his  heroic  courage,  were  eminently  dif- 
played.  During  twenty  days  he  prevented  the 
march  of  the  French  to  St  Andrews ;   intercept- 

F  f  ing        ^ 


*  Buchanan,  Hift.  Rcr.  Scot.  lib.  xvi.    Spotfwood,  p» 
141. 


2lS  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


EooK  nr.    ing  their  provifions,  harralTing  them  with  ikir- 
^^Q^  miflies,  and  intimidating  them  by  the  addrefs  and 
the  boldnefs  of  his  (Iratagems. 


1560.  Monsieur  D'Oysel,  enraged  and  afliamed 

of  th7 fleet  to  be  difconcerted  and  oppofed  by  a  body  of  men 
•land!  ^"^"  fo  difproportioned  to  his  army,  exerted  himfelf 
with  vigour.  The  Lord  James  Stuart  was  obliged  to 
retire.  Dyfart  and  Wemyfs  were  given  to  the 
French  troops  to  be  pillaged  ;  and  when  D*Oyfel 
was  in  full  march  to  St  Andrews,  he  difcovered 
a  powerful  fleet  bearing  up  the  Frith.  It  was 
concluded  that  the  fuppHes  expected  from  France 
were  arrived.  Guns  were  fired  by  his  foldiers, 
and  the  vivacity  of  their  joy  was  indulged  in  all 
.  its  extravagance.  But  this  fleet  having  taken 
the  veflels  which  contained  their  provifions,  and 
the  ordnance  with  which  they  intended  to  im- 
prove the  fortifications  of  the  caftle  at  St  Aa- 
drews,  a  period  was  pUt  to  their  rejoicings. — 
They  were  perplexed  with  doubts  and  with  anxi- 
eties. The  certain  news  was  brought,  that  the 
fleet  they  obferved  was  the  navy  of  England, 
which  had  come  to  fupport  the  Congregation. — 
A  conftemation,  deepened  by  the  giddinefs  of 
their  preceding  tranfports,  invaded  them.  Mon- 
ftcur  D*Oyfel  perceived  now  the  value  and  merit 

of 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


219 


of  the  fervice  which  liad  been  performed  by  the  Book  hi. 
Lord  James  Stuart ;  and  thinking  no  more  of  St  ^^0. 
Andrews  and  conqueft,  fled  to  Stirling,  in  his 
way  to  Leith,  from  which  he  dreaded  to  be  inter- 
cepted ;  but  he  reached  that  important  flation,  af- 
ter a  march  of  three  days,  in  which  he  experien- 
ced all  the  difficulties  and  uneafmefs  that  can  pro- 
ceed from  an  unguarded  precipitation  and  rug- 
ged roads,  the  fears  of  an  enemy,  and  the  oppref- 
fion  of  fatigue  *, 

The  Duke  of  Norfolk,  who  had  been  confli-  The  treat <r 
tuted  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  northern  counties  betwe^"^  ' 
of  England,  advanced  to  Berwick,  and  invited  gatioalnd" 
the  Lords  of  the  Congregation  to  a  formal  trea-  zabcth. 
tyf.      They  appointed  as  their  Commiflioners, 
with  full  inftru£lions  and  powers,  the  Lord  James 
Stuart,  the  Lord  Ruthven,  Sir  John  Maxwell  of 
Teiregles,  Maitland  of  Lethington,  John  Williart 
of  Pittarrow,  and  Mr  Henry  Balnaves.      The 
attempts  of  the  French  to  fubdue  Scotland,  to 
fupprefs  its  liberties,  and  to  unite  it  to  the  crown 
of  France,  were  dated  as  the  caufes  of  this  alliance  j 
F  f  2  and 


*  Knox,  p.  214,  218.    Spotfwood,  p.  142. 

t  Camden,  the  Life  and  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  ap. 
Kennet,  vol.  ii.  p.  380. 


220  HISTOPvY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

pooK  111.    and  it  was  its  objeftto  difappoint  thefe  intentions, 
^"^XT  ^^^  ^°  afford  an  effectual  proteftion  to  the  Scots. 
Queen  Elizabeth  engaged  to  equip  and  furnifli 
an  army  of  horfe  and  foot  for  the  fervice  of  the 
Congregation,  and  to   employ  her  fleet  in  their 
behalf ;  and  the  nobility  and  the  people  of  Scot- 
land were  to  enjoy  the  continuance  of  her  aid  till 
the  final  expulfion  of  the  French  foldiery,  and  till 
the  full  re-eflablifliment  of  their  conftitution  in  its 
free  and  ancient  form.     All  the  houfes  of  llrength 
to  be  recovered  from  the  French  were  to  be  de- 
molllhed,  or  to  be  furrendered  to  the  leaders  of 
the  Congregation,  if  they  fliould  defire  it ;  and 
no  fortifications  were  to  be  raifed  by  the  Eng- 
hfli  upon  Scottifli  ground,  without  the  confent  of 
the  Duke  of  Chattellerault,  the  nobility,  and  the 
people.      Upon  the  part  of  the  Congregation, 
the  moil  extenfive  concurrence  and  operation  in 
their  power,  with    the  armaments  of  England, 
were  fiipulated.     They  promifed  all  poflible  fup- 
port,  with  horfe  and  foot,  by  fea  and  land.— 
They  were  to  be  enemies  to  all  the  Scots  and 
French  who  fhould  oppofe  England  in  the  exe- 
cution of  the  purpofes  of  the  treaty.     They  were 
never  to  permit  the  realm  of  Sco.tland  to  be  con- 
quered by  the  French,  nor  knit  to  the  crown  of 
France  in  any  method  prejudicial  to  its  freedom. 

ana 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  221 

und  laws.  If  the  French  Ihould  invade  Englaod,  book  iir, 
they  were  to  fupply  two  thoufaud  horfe,  and  an  ^T"***^ 
equal  number  of  foot,  or  what  proportion  of  this 
ftrength  Queen  Elizabeth  might  require,  to  be 
employed  upon  her  own  charge.  And,  if  the  in- 
vafion  fliould  be  made  in  the  northern  difl:ri<fl:s  of 
her  dominions, .  they  were  to  gather  their  whole 
military  force,  without  any  expence  to  her,  and 
joining  with  the  power  of  England,  to  continue 
their  warmed  fupport  and  fervice  for  thirty  days, 
or  during  the  ufual  time  their  troops  were  accuf- 
tomed  to  remain  in  the  field.  The  Earl  of  Ar- 
gyle  was  to  aflift  Queen  Elizabeth  in  reducing  to 
obedience  the  north  parts  of  Ireland.  Hoftages 
were  to  be  given  by  the  Congregation  for  the 
performance  of  their  ftipulations.  And  the  Duke 
of  Chattdlerault,  and  the  Scottifli  CommilTion- 
ers,  after  exprelling  their  conviiflion  that  the 
Queen  of  England  was  moved  to  this  alliance 
from  the  honourable  principle  of  protecting  the 
realm  of  Scotland  againfl  conqueft,  and  from  no 
hollile  intention,  teflified  and  protefted  for  thera- 
felves,  that  they  meant  not  to  withdraw  their 
due  obedience  from  their  Sovereign  Lady,  nor 
to  oppofe  the  King  her  hufband  in  any  matter 
not  tending  to  the  overthrow  of  their  ancient  and 
conflitutionaj  liberties,    for  the    prefcrvation  of 

which 


222  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  iiL   which  they  were  bound  to  expend  their  goods, 
^"^^^^  lands,  and  lives  *. 


The  Qneen  While  England  was  about  to  exei't  itfelf  iia 
difapi  oint-  defence  of  the  Congregation,  the  Queen  Dowa- 
hopL  from  ger  fufFered  a  difappointment  in  her  expeclations 
from  France.  The  violent  adminiftration  of  the 
Houfe  of  Guife  had  involved  that  nation  in  trou- 
bles and  diftrefs.  Its  credit  was  greatly  funk, 
and  its  treafury  was  nearly  exhaufted.  Perfecu- 
tions,  and  the  fpirit  of  Calvinifm,  produced  com- 
motions and  confpiracies ;  and  amidfl  domeftic 
and  dangerous  intrigues  and  llrnggles,  Scotland 
failed  to  engage  that  particular  dillinftion  which 
had  been  promifed  to  its  affairs.  It  was  not, 
however,  neglected  altogether.  The  Count  de 
Martigues  had  arrived  at  Leith,  with  one  thou- 
fand  foot  and  a  few  horfe  ;  and  the  Marquis 
D'Elbeuf  had  epibarked  for  it  with  another  bo- 
dy of  foldiers ;  but,  after  iofing  feveral  fliips  in  a 
furious  tempeft,  was  obliged  to  return  to  the  ha-^ 
ven  from  which  he  had  failed  f. 


*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XVII. 

f  Pere  Daniil,  Hifl.  de  France,  torn.  v.  Buchanan, 
Hiil.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi.  Dr  Forbes,  State  Papers,  voL  i. 
P-  307- 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


In  this  reverfe  of  her  fortunes  many  forfook    book  hi. 
the  Queen  Dowager.   •  The  courage  of  the  Con-  ^'^^ 
gregation  was  elated.     In  an  infurreftion  at  Aber-  JSl^n^s'"^. 
deen,  the  monafleries  of  the  Dominican  and  Car-  r.''"  '^^'" 
melite  friars  were  demoUflied ;  and  it  was  with 
great  difficulty  that   the  Earl  of   Huntley  was 
able  to  fave  its  cathedral  church.  It  was  now  un- 
derftood  that    the  Englifli    army  was  upon  its 
march  to  Scotland.      The  Scottilli  Lords  who 
^  had  affefled  a   neutrality,    meditated   an  union 
with  the  Proteftants.     The  Earl  of  Huntley  gave 
a  folemn  ai^urance  that  he  would  join  them. — 
Proclamations  were  ilTued  throughout  the  king- 
dom, calling  upon  the  fubje£is  of  Scotland  to  af- 
femble  in  arms  at  Linlithgow,  to  re-eflablifh  their 
ancient  freedom,  and  to  affift  in  the  utter  expul- 
fion  of  the  French  foldiery  * 

Tpie  Englifh  fleet,  mean  while,  under  Winter  Negccv- 
the  Vice-admiral,  had  taken  and  deftroyed  feveral  French. 
ftiips,  had  landed  fome  troops  upon  Inchkeith, 
and  difcomfitted  a  body  of  French  mercenaries. 
Upon  the  foundation  of  thefe  afts  of  hoflility, 
the  Princes  of  Lorraine  difpatched  the  Chevalier 
de  Seure  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  to  make  reprefen- 

tations 


*  Spotswood,  p.  J43,  144. 


G24  HISTORY    OJ    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  ih.    tatioHS  againft  this  breach  of  the  peace,  and  to 


^■"^"^'''^  urge  the  recal  of  her  (hips.     This  ambaffador  af- 


fected likewife  to  negociate  concerning  the  eva- 
cuation of  Scotland  by  the  French  troops,  and  to 
propofe  methods,  in  confequence  of  which  the 
King  of  France  might  quarter  the  arms  of  Eng- 
land, without  doing  a  prejudice  to  Queen  Ehza- 
beth.  But  to  prevent  the  execution  of  vigorous 
refolutions  againil  the  Queen  Dowager,  and  to 
gain  time,  were  the  only  objects  he  had  in  view. 
With  fmiilar  intentions  John  Monluc,  Biftiop  of 
Valence,  a  man  of  greater  addrefs  and  ability,  and 
equally  devoted  to  the  Houfe  of  Guife,  was  alfo 
fent  at  this  time  to  the  Court  of  England  *. — 
Queen  Elizabeth,  however,  and  her  minifterSj 
were  too  wife  to  be  amufed  by  artifice  and  dex- 
teritj^.  They  difcovered,  that  his  inftruftions 
were  fimply  to  treat,  but  not  to  conclude  any  bu- 
fmefs ;  and  that  he  poffeiTed  no  power  of  any  kind 
from  the  Queen  of  France  and  Scotland.  By 
ftarting  difficulties  and  fending  occafionally  to  his 
court  for  new  orders,  opportunities  might  be  pro- 
cured of  delaying  hoftifities,  till  the  Marquis 
D'Elbeuf  had  embarked  anew  with  the  French 

army 


*  Dr  Forbes,  State  Papers,  vol.  i.  p.  $i$y  446.    Thua* 
nus,  Hift.  fui  T^rop.  Jib.  sxiv. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  225 


army  for  Scotland.  But  with  all  his  fpeeches  Book  itl 
and  intrigues,  he  eould  neither  deceive  nor  inti-  j^^o. 
midate. 


The  Lord  Grey  entered  Scotland  With  an  ar-  The  arrival 

•'  oftheKug- 

mv  of  twelve  hundred  horfe,   and  fix  thoufand  ''"\  troops, 

■'  and  cheir 

foot ;  and  there  commanded  under  him,  the  Lord  junction    s 

'  with  the 

Scroop,  Sir  James  Croft,  Sir  Henry  Percy,  and  Congrega. 
Sir  Francis  Lake  *.  By  an  inclement  policy, 
the  Queen  Dowager  had  already  wafted  all  the 
country  around  the  capital.  But  the  defolation 
file  had  made,  while  it  was  infinitely  ruinous  to 
the  Scottifli  peafants,  aifefted  not  the  army  of 
England.  The  leaders  of  the  Congregation  did 
not  want  penetration  and  forefight,  and  had  pro- 
vided themfelves  againft  this  difficulty.  The 
Duke  of  Chattellerault,  the  Earls  of  Argyle, 
Glencairn,  and  Monteith,  the  Lord  James  Stuart, 
and  the  Lords  Ruthven,  Boid,  and  Ochiltree, 
with  a  numerous  and  formidable  force,  joined  the 
Englifli  commander  at  Preilon  f. 

G  g  Struck 


*  Camden,  Life  and  Reigoof  Qu^een  Elizabeth,  ap.  Kea* 
aet,  p.  381. 

t  Knox,  p.  239. 


^26  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  TIL        Struck  with  the  fad  condition  of  her  affairs, 
^^^f^^  defpairing  of  a  timely  and  proper  fuccour  from 
The  Queen  fj-^nce   and  reminded  by  ficknefs  of  her  mortali- 
Edinbur"Jr  ^7'  ^^^^  Queen  Dowager  retired  from  Leith  to  the 
caitic.        ^j^f^ig  Qf  Edinburgh,  and  put  herfelf  under  the 
protection  of  the  Lord  Erlkine.     At  the  period 
when  flie  was  appointed  to  the  regency,  the  Lord 
Erlkine  had  received  from  the  three  eftates  the 
charge  of  this  important  fortrefs,  with  the  injunc- 
tion to  hold  it  till  he  fliould  know  their  farther 
orders ;  and  giving  way  to  the  folicitations  of 
neither  fa£lion,  he  had  kept  it  with  fidelity.     By 
admitting  the  Queen  Dowager,  he  yielded  to  fen- 
timents  of  honour  and  humanity,    and  did  not 
mean  to  depart  from  his  duty.     A  few  only  of 
her  domeflics  accompan'ed  her,  with  the  Arch- 
bilhop  of  St  Andrews,  the  Bifliop  of  Dunkeld, 
and  the  Earl  Mariflial  *. 


April  4.  The  confederated  Nobles   now  affembled  at 

ThelalUet- 

ter  from      Dalkeith  to  hold  a  council :  and  conforming  to 

theCongre- 

gation  to     thofe  maxims  of  prudence  and  equity  which,  up- 

the  Queen  *  1       y  '       r 

Dowager,     on  the  cvc  of  hollilities,  had  been  formerly  exer- 
cifed  by  them,  they  invited  the  Queen  Dowager 

to 


*  Lesly  de  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  221.    Spotf- 
wood,  p.  144. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  227 

to  an  amicable  conclufion  of  the  prefent  troubles.  Book  in. 
In  a  letter  which  they  wrote  to  her,  they  called  ^Xt 
to  her  remembrance  the  frequent  manifeftoes  and 
melTeges  in  which  they  had  prelTed  her  to  difmifs 
the  French  foldiery,  who  had  fo  long  opprefled 
the  lower  ranks  of  the  people,  and  who  threaten- 
ed to  reduce  the  kingdom  itfelf  to  fervitude.  The 
averfion,  however,  with  which  flie  had  conftant- 
ly  received  their  fuit  and  prayers,  was  fo  great 
that  they  had  given  way  to  a  flrong  necelTity, 
and  had  intreated  the  affiftance  of  the  Queen  of 
England  to  expel  thefe  ftrangers  by  the  force  of 
arms.  But  though  they  had  obtained  the  power- 
ful protection  of  this  Princefs^  they  were  yet  ani- 
mated with  a  becoming  refpeft  for  the  mother  of 
their  Sovereign,  and  abhorring  to  ftain  the  ground 
with  Chriflian  blood,  were  difpofed  once  more  to 
follcit  the  difmiilion  of  thefe  mercenaries,  with 
their  officers  and  captains.  And  that  no  jufl:  ob- 
jeftion  might  remain  againft  the  grant  of  this  their 
laft  requeft,  they  affured  her,  that  a  fafe  pafTage 
by  land,  to  the  ports  of  England,  fliould  be  al- 
lowed to  the  French  ;  or  that,  if  they  judged  it 
more  agreeable,  the  navy  of  Queen  Elizabeth 
ihould  tranfport  them  to  their  own  country. — 
If  thefe  propofals  fliould  be  rejefted,  they  appeal- 
ed and  protefted  to  God,  and  to  mankind,  that 
G  g  2  it 


228  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Bo?K  HI.  it  fliould  be  underflood  and  believed,  that  no  mo- 
^Xy  ^'^^  of  malice,  or  hatred,  or  wickednefs  of  any  kind 
had  induced  thera  to  employ  the  fatal  expedient 
of  arms  and  battles  ;  but  that  they  had  been  com- 
pelled to  this  difagreeable  and  diflrefsful  remedy, 
for  the  prefervation  of  their  commonwealth,  their 
religion,  their  perfons,  their  eftates,  and  their  po- 
fterity.  They  begged  her,  in  the  humility  of 
fupplication,  to  weigh  the  equity  of  their  petition, 
to  confider  the  inconveniencies  of  war,  and  to 
think  of  the  reft  and  quiet  which  were  neceflary 
to  relieve  the  affliftions  of  her  daughter's  king- 
dom ;  and  they  befought  her  to  embalm  her  own 
memory,  by  an  immortal  deed  of  wifdom,  huma- 
nity, and  juftice  '^ 

To  give  authority  and  weight  to  the  letter  of 
the  affociated  Lords,  the  Lord  Grey  direfted  Sir 
George  Howard,  and  Sir  James  Croft,  to  wait 
upon  the  Queen  Dowager,  and  to  ftipulate  the 
peaceable  departure  of  the  Englilh  troops,  upon 
the  condition  that  the  French  mercenaries  were 
immediately  difmilTed  from  her  fervice,  and  prohi- 
bited 


*  Buchanan,  Hid.  Rcr.  Scot.  Ub.  xvi.     SpotfwQod,  p, 

H4- 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  229 


bited  from  refiding  in  Scotland  *.     Returning  no   Book  iil 
direft  anfwer  to  the  applications  made  to  her,  fhe      1^50, 
defired  time   to    deliberate   upon  the  refolution 
which  it  became  her  to  adopt.     This  equivocal 
behaviour  correfponded  with  the  fpirit  of  intrigue 
which   had   uniformly   diftinguiflied  the   Queen 
Dowager ;  and  it  is  probable,  that  her  engage- 
ments with  France  did  not  permit  her  to  be  open  ^     ^ 
and  explicit. 

The  combined  armies  marched  towards  Leith.  The  iiega 
A  body  of  the  French,  polled  upon  a  rifmg-ground 
called  the  Hawk-hill,  difputed  their  progrefs. 
During  five  hours  the  conflicl  was  maintained  with 
obflinate  valour.  At  length  the  Scottifii  horfemen 
charged  the  French  with  a  fury  which  they  were 

unable 


*  Spotswooi>,  p.  145. 

The  liberal  conduiH:  of  the  Englifii  nation,  upon  this  oc- 
cafion,  appears  in  a  ftill  ftronger  light  in  a  letter  from  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  her  Araballador  in  Spain.  **  We  caufed  the 
«'  Queen  Dowager  to  be  gently  required,  that  flie  wold  come 
"  to  feme  accord,  and,  receaving  the  obedience  of  her  dowgh- 
"  ter's  fubjeds,  remove  away  the  (French)  forces  thence  ; 
"  and  if  any  perfon  there  wold  withdraw  his  obedience  from 
«  hir  dowghter  the  Quene,  (he  fliuld  have  our  power,  if  fhe 
*•  wold,  to  join  with  hirs,  to  the  chaftefyng  of  any  fuch  ; 
"  but  hereunto  no  dired  anfwer  cold  be  gotten."  Dr  For- 
Ijes,  State  Papers,  vol.  i.  44.7, 


530  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.  unablc  to  refill.  They  fled  to  Leith  with  preci- 
^^"f^^^^  pitation  ;  and  might  have  been  cut  off  from  it  al- 
together, if  the  Enghfli  cavahy  had  exerted  them- 
felves.  Three  hundred  of  the  French  foldiers 
perifhed  in  this  a£lion,  and  a  few  combatants  only 
fell  on  the  fide  of  the  Congregation  f. 

Military  o-  T^EiTH  was  invcfled.  The  pavilions  and  tents 
pcratious.  ^^  ^|^^  EngllQi  and  Scottifli  nobility  were  planted 
at  Reilalrig,  and  around  it.  Trenches  were  call ; 
and  the  ordnance  from  the  town  annoying  the 
combined  armies,  a  mount  was  raifed,  upon  which 
eight  cannons  were  erefted.  A  continual  fire  from 
thefe,  againil  St  Anthony's  tovver  in  South  Leith, 
being  kept  up  and  managed  with  /kill,  the  walls 
of  this  fabric  were  fliaken,  and  the  French  found 
it  necefiary  to  difmount  their  artillery.  Negligent 
from  fecurity,  and  apprehenfive  of  no  attack,  the 
Englifli  and  Scottifh  officers  occupied  themfelves 
in  amufements,  and  permitted  a  relaxation  of  mi-p 
litary  difcipllne.  The  French  informed  of  this 
fupinenefs  and  levity,  made  a  fally  from  I.eith. 
While  fome  of  the  captains  were  diverting  them- 
felves at  Edinburgh,  and  the  foldiery  were  en- 
gaged 


j-  Camden,  Life  and    Reign  of  Elizabeth,  ap.  Kennet, 
p.  381.     Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  23! 

gaged  at  dice  and  cards,  they  entered  the  trenches  Book  til 
unobferved,  and  pufliing  their  advantage,  put  fix  ^^Ct. 
hundred  men  to  the  fword.  After  this  flaughter, 
the  Proteftants  were  more  attentive  to  their  aifairs; 
mounts  were  buih  at  proper  diftances,  which  be- 
ing fortified  with  ordnance,  ferved  as  places  of  re- 
treat and  defence,  in  the  event  of  fudden  incur- 
fions ;  and  thus  they  continued  the  blockade  in  a 
Hiore  effectual  manner  *. 


The  army  under  the  Marquis  D'Elbeuf,  pro-  unfuccefs- 
mifed  fo  often  to  the  Queen  Regent,  was  in  vain  ["on"!^"'^'^" 
expefted  by  her  ;  but  llie  received,  at  this  time, 
fupplies  in  money  and  military  ftores ;  and  Mon- 
luc  biiliop  of  Valence,  though  defeated  in  dexteri- 
ty by  Elizabeth  and  her  minifters,  had  arrived  in 
Scotland,  to  try  anew  the  arts  of  delay  and  nego- 
ciation.  Conferences  were  held  by  him  with  the 
Queen  Dowager,  with  the  Englifa  Commanders, 
and  with  the  confederated  Nobles ;  but  no  con- 
traft  or  agreement  could  be  concluded.  His  cre- 
dentials neither  extended  to  the  demolition  of 
Leith,  nor  to  the  recal  of  the  French  mercena- 
ries ;  and  though  he  obtained  powers  from  his 
court  to  confent  to  the  former  of  thefe  meafures, 

they 

*  Knox,  p.  239,  240    Spotfwood,  p.  145. 


'232  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  HI.  fhcy  Were  yet  burdened  with  conditions  which 
^^'^^J'^  were  difgraceful  to  the  Congregation,  who,  in  the 
prefent  profperous  (lata  of  their  fortunes,  were  not 
difpofed  to  give  up  any  of  the  objefts  for  which 
they  had  ftrnggled  fo  long,  and  to  the  attainment 
of  which  they  now  looked  forward  with  a  fettled 
hope  and  expectation  *. 

Though  the  grave  and  meafured  orations  of 
Monluc  could  not  overpower  the  plain  and  flub- 
born  fenfe  of  the  Congregation,  yet  as  he  afleft- 
ed  to  give  them  admonitions  and  warnings,  and 

even 

*  **  It  was  long  ere  the  Bifliop  of  Valence  cold  have  fave 
*'  condyt  of  the  Lordes  of  Scotland  to  rcpaire  unto  the 
**  Quyne  Doujar,  bycaufe  tliey  did  miftruft  the  fufhciencye 
"  of  his  authorite  ;  but  yet  at  lengyth  it  was  granted.  So  es 
*•  he  went  and  fpak,  wih  the  Quyne  in  the  Cadell  of  Eden- 
**  bourgh,  and  after  came  unto  the  Lordes,  where  he  w?s 

<'  well  receaved,    and   his   oration    dillygently    harde. 

**  But  the  next  ^y,  when  that  he  came  to  talke  of  the 
**  matters  that  were  in  controverfye,  he  was  fo  rayche 
<'  myfliked  by  liis  awne  fault,  that  my  Lord  Maxwell  had 
*'  the  garde  of  him,  till  he  might  be  provldid  of  thingcs  ne- 
<«  ceflary  for  his  retorne  againe  :  the  caufe  was,  tliat  he  had 
«  no  authorite  tojemolyfe  the  town  of  Lyth,  and  fend 
*'  bake  the  foldiars.  But  during  his  ftaye,  by  way  of  wright- 
"  ing,  he  obtayned  a  new  occafion  to  treat  farther ;  fo  as  in 
«*  his  fecond  parley,  he  granted,  by  the  confent  of  the  Quyne 
*•  Doujar,  to  the  demolyfliing  of  Lyth,  in  cafe  the  Scottes 
«'  wolde  breake  their  league  niade  witU  Inglande,  revok  their 

hoflegis, 


0^    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  iL33 

«vea  ventured  to  infult  them  with  menaces  *,  they  B"ok  in. 
appear  to  have  conceived  a  high  indignation  a-  j^^o. 
gainfl  him.  Under  this  impulfe,  and  that  in  fo 
advanced  a  ftage  of  their  affairs  they  might  exhi- 
bit the  determined  firmnefs  of  their  refolutions,  and 
bind  to  them  by  an  indilToluble  tie,  the  earl  of 
Huntley,  and  the  other  perfons  who  had  joined 
them  in  confequence  of  the  Englifli  alliance,  they 
thought  of  the  aflurance  and  {lability  of  a  new 
league  and  covenant,  more  folemn,  exprellive,  and 
refolute,  than  any  which  they  had  yet  entered  into 
and  fubfcribed  f; 

The  nobles,  barons,  and  inferior  perfons,  who  April  27. 
were  parties  to  this  bond  and  aflbciation,  bound  covenant. 
themfelves  in  the  prefence  of  Almighty  God,  as  a 
fociety,  and  as  individuals,  to  advance  and  fet  for- 
ward the  Reformation  of  religion,  and  to  procure, 
H  h  by 


hoftegis,  and  give  pleggis  to  the  Quyne  Doiijar  for  their  obd. 
**  dience,  befides  the  refldringe  of  the  caftell  of  Dombre- 
**  uyne  into  her  poireflion.  Whereuport  the  parlye  was  bro- 
*'  kea;  becaufe  the  Lordes  of  the  Congregation  cold  not  re- 
"  vok  ther  pleggis,  lior  break  the  league,  without  the 
«  Qnyne's  Majefty's  confent."  Mr  KiUegrew  to  Sir  Nicholas 
Throkmorton.    Dr  Forbes,  State  Papers,  vol.  i.  p.  456. 

*  Forbes,  p.  443. 

t  CoLLEexiON  of  Records,  No.  XVIII 


234  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  III.  by  cvcry  polTible  means,  the  true  preaching  of 
^"Q^  the  gofpel,  with  the  proper  adminiftration  of  the 
facraments,  and  the  other  ordinances  in  connec- 
tion with  it.  Deeply  affe<n:ed,  at  the  fame  time, 
with  the  mifcondu£l  of  the  French  llatefmen, 
who  had  been  promoted  to  high  offices ;  with 
the  oppreffions  of  the  French  mercenaries,  whom 
the  (^een  Dowager  kept  up  and  maintained  un- 
der  the  colour  of  authority ;  with  the  tyranny 
of  their  captains ;  and  with  the  manifell  danger 
of  conqueft  to  which  the  country  was  expofed, 
by  different  fortifications  upon  the  fea  coaft,  and 
by  other  dangerous  innovations,  they  promifed 
and  engaged,  generally  and  individually,  to  join 
with  the  C^een  of  England's  army,  and  to  con- 
cur in  an  honeft,  plain,  and  unreferved  refolution, 
to  expel  all  foreigners  from  the  realm,  as  oppref- 
fors  of  public  liberty  ;  that  by  recovering  the  an- 
cient rights,  privileges,  and  freedom  of  their  na- 
tion, they  might  live  for  the  future  under  the 
due  obedience  of  their  King  and  Queen,  be  ru» 
led  by  the  laws  and  cufloms  of  the  country,  and 
by  officers  and  llatefmen  bom  and  educated  a- 
mong  them.  It  was  likewife  contra£ted  and  a- 
greed  by  the  fubfcribers  to  this  bond  and  cove- 
nant, that  no  private  intelligence  by  writing  or 
meflage,  or  communication  of  any  kind,  lliould 

be 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND.  -235 

-■-|i   I       mmmmmm^  — —^ii  — ^i  -. 

be  kept  up  with  their  adverfaries ;  and  that  all    Book  iir, 
perfons  who  refifted  the  godly  enterprize  in  which       1560. 
'they  were  united,  ihould  be  regarded  as  their  e- 
nemies,  and  reduced  to  fubje£lion  and  obedience. 

When  the  ftron?  and  fervid  fentiment  and  ex-  T^«  <^<:j^'^- 

°  tion  of  the 

preiHon  of  this  new  aiTociation  were  communica-  QiJ^^" 

Dowager. 

ted  to  the  Queen  Dowager,  fhe  refigned  herfelf 
to  the  extremity  of  forrow.  Her  mind,  incHned 
to  defpondence  by  the  increafe  of  her  malady,  felt 
the  more  intenfely  the  cruel  diflraftions  and  dif- 
quiets  into  which  the  kingdom  had  been  driven 
by  the  ambition  of  France,  her  own  doating  af- 
feftion  for  the  Princes  of  Lorraine,  and  the  vain 
prognoflications  of  flatterers  and  courtiers.  In  the 
agony  of  palTion,  flie  befought  the  malediftion  and 
curfe  of  God  to  alight  upon  all  thofe  who  had 
counfeiled  her  to  perfecute  the  preachers,  and  to 
refufe  the  petitions  of  the  moft  honourable  portion 
of  her  fubje£ls. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  fiege  of  Leith  was  pro-  Profecuti.-n 
fecuted  ;  but  the  ftrength  of  the  garrifon,  a-  tit^^T 
inounting  to  more  than  four  thoufand  foldiers,  the 
operations  of  the  befiegers  were  flow  and  languid. 
An  accidental  fire  in  the  town,  which  deftroyed 
miiny  houfes,  and  a  great  part  of  the  public  grana- 
H  h  2  ry, 


ilT^S  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


ioor  in.  ry,  aiForded  them  an  opportunity  of  playing  their 
^*^^'^Q*^  artillery  with  fome  advantage ;  and  a  few  days  af-^ 
ter  they  made  a  general  aflkult.  But  the  fcalling- 
ladders  which  were  applied  to  the  walls  being  too 
fliort,  and  Sir  James  Croft,  who  had  been  gained 
to  the  Queen  Dowager,  having  acled  a  treacherous 
part,  the  attempt  failed  of  fuccefs,  and  a  thoufand 
men  were  deftroyed.  The  combined  armies, 
however,  did  not  lofe  their  refolution  or  their 
hopes.  The  Englifh  and  Scots  animated  the  con- 
ftancy  of  one  another  ;  and  in  the  ratification  of 
the  treaty  of  Berwick,  which  was  now  made,  a 
new  fource  of  cordiality  opened  itfelf.  Letters 
alfo  had  come  from  the  duke  of  Norfolk,  promi- 
fmg  a-  powerful  reinforcement,  giving  the  expefl:a- 
tion  of  his  taking  upon  him  the  command  of  the 
troops  in  perfon,  and  ordering  his  pavilion  to  be 
ere£led  in  the  camp.  Leith  began  to  feel  the  mi- 
fery  of  famine,  and  the  French  to  give  themfelves 
to  defpair.  The  befiegers  abounded  in  every 
thing  ;  and  the  arrival  of  two  thoufand  men,  the 
expelled  reinforcement  from  England,  gave  them 
the  mofl  decifive  fupei^iority  over  their  adverfaries. 
Frequent  fallies  were  made  by  the  garrifon,  and 
they  were  always  unfuccefsful.  Difcouraged  by 
defeats,  depreffed  with  the  want  of  provifions,  and 
languifliing  under  the  cegligence  of  France,  they 

were 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  I'^'J 


were  ready  to  fubmit  themfelves  to  the  mercy  of  Book  iil 
the  Congregation  *.  j.^^^^ 


Amidst  this  dlftrefs  and  inquietude,  the  Queen  The  death 
Dowager,  wafted  with  a  lingering  diftemper,  and  t.;r  of  the 
xpith  gr.ef,  expired  in  the  cadle  of  Edinburgh.  Bowagsr, 
Religious  perfecution,  and  a  fettled  fcheme  to  o- 
verturn  the  liberties  of  Scotland,  while  they  ren- 
dered her  ^  adminiflration  odious  and  deteilable, 
have  obfcured  the  luflre  of  her  virtues.  The 
treacherous  views  and  policy  of  France  ferve  to 
explain,  but  cannot  excufe  the  wickednefs  of  the 
counfels  {he  embraced,  and  her  uniform  pracliccs 
of  dilTimulation.  She  allowed  herfelf  to  be  over- 
come and  dire(5led  by  the  obilinacy  of  the  Duke  of 
Guife,  the  unprincipled  refinements  of  the  Cardinal 
of  Lorraine,  aud  the  imperioufnefs  of  both.  Mif-  ■ 
fortunes  to  herfelf  and  to  Scotland  were  the  cru- 
el confequences  of  her  facility  and  fubmiilion. 
If  ihe  had  trufted  to  her  own  abilities,  her  govern- 
ment,-it  is  probable,  would  have  been  diftinguiflied 
by  its  popularity,  andher  name  have  been  tranfmit- 
ted  to  pofterity  with  unfuUied  honours.  Humane 
and  aifeclionate  in  her  temper,  it  was  naturally  her 

wifli 


*  Buchanan,  Hift.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi.     Dr.  Forbes,  Statg 
Papers,  vol.  i,  p.  455.    Knox,  p.  241,  244.    Spoifwood,  p. 

H5- 


22^^         HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 

5ooK  III.    wilh  to  rule  with  a  woman's  gentlenefs.   Herjudg-^ 
^^^^^  ment  was  extenfive,  her  mind  vigorous.   She  could 
comprehend  a  fyllem,  and  a6l  upon  it  with  unde- 
viating  exa£lnefs,  and  unfliaken  fortitude.     The 
inclinations,  chara£ler,  and  humours  of  her  people, 
were  fully  known  to  her.     She  could  accommo- 
date heifelf  with  eafe  to  the  Scottilli  manners ; 
and  the  winning  graces  of  her  demeanour  gave  an 
aid  and  alTiflance  to  her  addrefs  and  penetration,, 
In  diftributing  juftice,  (lie  was  impartial  and  fevere  j 
and  in  her  court,  flie  was  careful  to  uphold  the 
royal  dignity,     In  private  life,  flie  was  civil,  ami- 
able, and  magniiicent,     The  propenfion  to  gallan- 
try which  the  example  of  her  hufband  had  pro- 
moted, was  repreffed  by  her  decency  and  modera-. 
tion*.     The  excelTes  of  that  amorous  monarch 
feem  even  to  have  induced  her  to  adopt  a  more 
than  common  referve  and  circumfpedion.  Though 
9,  widow,  at  an  age  when  the  foft  paflions  have 
their  full  power,  no  fufpicion  was  ever  entertained 
of  her  chaftiiy  ;  and  her  maids  of  honour  recom- 
mended themfelves  to  her  by  modeily,  piety,  and 
virtue.     Her  various  endowments,  and  the  many 
excellent  qualities  which  gave  her  diftin^lion,  ex- 
cite a  regret  that  llie  Ihould  have  been  difgraced  fo 

completely, 

*  Spotfwood,  p.  J  46. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


239 


completely,  by  a  frail  obfequioufnefs  to  French   book  hi. 
counfels  *.     Yet  for  this  fatal  error  it  is  fome  com-  ^^•^'Y^ 

IJDO. 

penfation,  that  her  repentance  was  fevere  and  pain- 
ful. A  few  days  before  her  death,  fhe  invited  to 
her  the  Duke  ofChatelIerault,the  Lord  James  Stu- 
art, and  the  Earls  of  Argyle,  Glencairn,  and  Ma- 
riihal,  to  bid  them  a  laft  adieu  f.  She  expreffed 
to  them  her  forrow  for  the  troubles  of  Scotland, 
and  made  it  her  earnell  fuit,  that  they  would  con- 
fult  their  conftitutijnal  liberties,  by  difmilfing  the 
French  and  Englifli  from  their  country  j  and  that 
they  would  preferve  a  dutiful  obedience  to  the 
Queen  their  fovereign.  She  profefled  an  unlimit- 
ed forgivenefs  of  all  the  injuries  which  had  been 
done  to  her ;  and  entreated  their  pardon  for  the 
offences  ihe  had  committed  againft  them.  In  to- 
ken of  her  kindnefs  and  charity,  flie  then  embra- 
ced them  by  turns  j  and  while  the  tear  darted  in 
her  eye,  prefented  to  them  a  chearful  and  fmiling 
afpeft.  Her  foul,  melting  with  tendernefs,  and 
divefting  itfelf  of  its  prejudices,  weaknefles,  and 
hatreds,  feemed  to  anticipate  the  purity  of  a  bet- 
ter world.     After  this  interview,  the  fhort  portion 

of 


*  Buchanan,  Hlft.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvi. 

t  Len^,  dc  Reb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  222, 


SOOK.  III. 


240  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

i  •  .         "'^' 

of  life  wliich  remained  to  her  was  dedicated  to  re- 
ligion ;  and  that  llie  might  allure  the  Congrega- 
tion to  be  compaflionate  to  her  Popifli  fubje6l3,and 
her  French  adherents,  llie  flattered  them,  by  cal- 
ling John  Willocks,  one  of  the  mod  popular  of 
their  preachers,  to  alhil  and  comfort  her  by  his 
exhortations  and  prayers*  He  made  long  dif- 
courfes  to  her  about  the  abominations  of  the 
mafs  *  J  but  llie  appears  to  have  died  in  the  com- 
munion of  the  Roniifh  church ;  and  her  body- 
being  tranfported  to  France,  was  depofited  in  the 
monaflery  of  St.  Peter,  at  Rheims,  in  Champagne, 
where  her  filler  Renee  was  an  abbefs* 


Theftateof      The  death  of  the  Queen  Dowager  at  a  period 
tiifporui.ju    fo   critical,  broke   altogether  the   fpirit   of  the 

towards  .  .         ' 

peace.  French  troops.  Negociation  only  could  now 
flive  them  from  difgrace.  They  were  blocked  up 
fo  completely,  that  it  was  almoll  impoilible  for 
any  fupplies  to  reach  them,  either  by  fea  or  land  ; 
and  France  had  delayed  fo  long  to  fulfil  its  magni- 
ficent promifes,  that  it  was  no  longer  in  a  capaci- 
ty to  take  any  ftcps  towards  their  accomplifliment. 
Its  internal  dillrefs  and  difquiets  were  multiplying* 
A  favage  fpirit  of  revenge,  CTuel  executions,  alfaf- 

iinations. 


'•'  Knox,  p.  244, 


OT    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  24! 

finations,  dark  intrigues,  and  lluftuating  counfels.  Book  ni. 
filled  to  the  brim  the  meafure  of  its  wretchednefs.  ,^53, 
The  nobility,  impoVeriflied  by  wars,  were  courting 
the  rewards  of  fervice,  and  ftruggling  in  hoflility. 
The  clergy  were  avaricious,  ignorant,  and  vindic- 
tive. The  populace,  knowii^g  po  trade  but  arms, 
offered  their  fwords  to  the  factious.  Francis  II. 
was  without  dignity  or  underflanding.  Catharine 
de  Medicis  was  full  of  artifice  and  falfhoad.  The 
fury  of  fuperllition,  the  fortitude  of  the  Reform- 
ed, the  virulence  of  party,  all  furniflied  their  pro- 
portions of  calamity.  Infurreftions  were  dreaded 
in  every  province.  The  houfe  of  Guife  was  en- 
compalTed  with  difficulties,  and  trembling  with 
apprehenfions.  In  a  condition  fo  diilrafted  and 
miferable,  they  could  not  think  of  perfifling  in 
their  views  of  dillant  conquefls.  It  was  neceflary 
that  they  fliould  abandon  for  a  time  all  the  proud 
projects  they  had  formed  for  the  extenfion  of  the 
French  monarchy.  It  was  chiefly  in  the  exemp- 
tion from  foreign  \fars  that  they  could  hope  to 
fupport  their  own  greatnefs,  and  apply  a  remedy 
to  the  domeftic  diiturbances  of  France  *. 

li  '  It 


*  Pere  Daniel,  Hid.  de  France,  tome  t.     Dr,  Forbes, 
State  Papers,  vol,  i. 


24^  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORM ATION 

Bookiil        It  appeared  to  Francis  and  Mary,  that   they 
1560.       could  not  treat  in  a  direft  method  with  the  Con- 
fione"fo     gregation,  whom  they  afFe<Sted  to  conlider  as  re- 
peTcetre     bclHous  fubje£ts,  without  derogating  from  their 
S«  ^and  royal  dignity.     In  negociating  a  peace,  they  there- 
^»g  »n  •     £^^.g  addrefled  themfelves  to  Queen  Elizabeth.     It 
was  by  her  offices  and  interference  that  they  pro- 
jected a  reconciliation  with  the  confederated  Lords^ 
•and  that  they  meant  to  extinguifli  the  animofities 
which,  with  fo  much  violence,  had  agitated  the 
Scottifli  nation  *.     They  granted  their  commiflion 
t  to  John  Monluc,  bifliop  of  Valence,  Nicholas 
Peileve,  bifliop  of  Amiens,  Jacques  de  la  BroiTe^ 
Henry  dentin  fieur  d'Oyfel,  and   Charles  de  la 
Rochefaucault  fieur  de  Randan ;  authorifing  them 
in  a  body,  or  by  two  of  their  number,  to  enter 
into  accords  and  agreements  with  the  Queen  of 
England.     The  Englifti  commiffioners  were.  Sir 
William  Cecil,  principal  Secretary  of  ftate,  Nicolas- 
Wotton,  Dean  of   Canterbury   and   York,    Sir 
Ralph  Sadler,  Sir  Henry  Percy,  and  Sir  Peter 
Carew ;  and  the  powers  of  treaty  were  to  be  ex^ 

ercifed 


*  Dr.  Forbes,  vol.  i.  p.  419. 
f  2d  May.     Dr.  Forbes,  p.  460. 


lj6o. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  243 

crcifed  by  them,  all  in  conjunftlon,  or  by  four,    book  iu. 
three,  or  two  of  diem  *.     ft  was  not  difficult  for  ^"■"fT^"^ 
flatefmen  of  great  talents  to  agree  in  tranfacftions 
which  the  contra£ling  powers  were  cordially  inter- 
efted  to  conclude  f. 

I  i  2  The 


*  Dr.  Forbes,  vol.  i.  p.  494.  Their  commiffion  is  dated 
25th  May. 

f  It  has  been  doubted  whether  the  Court  of  England  was 
well  difpofed  to  peace  at  this  junfture  :  but  that  point  feems 
to  be  very  clear  from  the  following  evidence.  Secretary  Ce- 
cil writes  in  this  manner  to  Sir  Nicholas  Throkmorton 
«'  Wee  onely  feke  fuerty  ;  which  cheefly  dependeth  upon  the 
*'  liberty  of  Scotland,  and  yet  upon  a  leeful  liberty.  My 
**  Lord  Admiral  goeth  within  theis  five  days  to  the  fea,  and 
"  C7',ely  crufeith  ;  although  we  be  content,  the  French  fliall 
*'  thynk  cther'wife."  Dr.  Forbes,  vol.  i.p,  460  In  a  letter 
from  Edinburgh,  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  he  has  this  pafiage : 
'^  We  doubt  not  but  to  obtain  all  reafonable  things,  faving 
"  furety  towarda  both  thefe  realms;  andfuch  is  the  cafe  bc- 
*'  ing  betwixt  a  prince  and  fubjeds,  as  we  know  not  how  to 
"  provide  for  furety  of  fubjefls  againll  all  adventures,  without 
**  fuch  diflionour  to  the  Prince  as  neither  will  be  granted, 
"  nor  can  reafonably  be  demanded  for  fubjefts.  I  alTure  your 
*■'  MajeRy,  thefe  cafes  be  marvellous  difficult  to  refolve  ;  and 
"■  yet  confidcring  I  know  the  French  malice,  and  am  wholly 
*'  addi«fled  to  your  Majefty's  honour  and  furery,  I  would  not 
"  yield  fo  much  to  the  French  Queen's  honour  in  behalf  of 
**  her  fubjefts,  if  your  coffer  t  "were  full  to  maintain  hut  one 
*'  year's  nvar.  Such  would  be  your  honour,  conc^ueft,  an4 
*'  furety."     Keith,  App,  p.  49. 


244  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATIONT 


Book  in.  Thje  plenipotentiaries  of  France,  though  em* 
^^Q'^  powered  only  to  treat  with  England,  were  yet, 
potenfhrk*  ^7  ^  Separate  commifllon  *,  entrufted  to  allure 
w^-J'Si!  t^^  Congregation,  that  notwithllanding  the  hei- 

ticulaicom- 
miflion 

TarJ  to'the  ^'^^^  J^^  inclined  to  receive  them  into  favour,  up- 


nous  guilt  incurred  by  them,  Francis  and  Mary 


fionf''^^'  ^^  ^^^^^  repentance  and  return  to  obedience ;  to 
forget  and  bury  in  everlafting  oblivion  all  that 
had  palTed  ;  and  to  abftain  for  ever  from  all  en- 
quiry into  their  conduft.  They  had  full  autho- 
rity, at  the  fame  timq,  by  this  new  deed,  to  hear, 
in  conjun^ljon  with  the  commiUjoners  of  Eliza- 
beth, the  complaints  of  the  Congregation,  and  to 
grant,  with  their  confent,  the  relief  which  ap- 
peared to  them  to  be  the  mofi:  proper  and  falu« 
taryt. 


The  Pro-         Without  the  invelliturc  of  thefe  powers  in 
taii'riwir      the  commiffioners  of  France,    the  confederated 
t"thr<ic-     Lords  could  not  have  confented  to  peace  with  any 
England      fccurity  to  themfclvcs,  or  to  the  caufe  in  which 
they  were  embarked.     The  npbility  and  the  peo- 
ple of  Scotland,   chuling  for  their  reprcfentatives 
the  Lord  James  Stuart,  the  Lord  Ruthven,  and 

Maitlan4 


*  June  2. 

■{•  Collection  of  Records,  No,  XIX. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  I45 

f 

Maitland  of  Letlilngton,  expreiTed  their  willing-  Book  iir. 
nefs  to  concur  in  rcafonable  meafures  for  the  re-  jj^o. 
cftabUiliment  of  the  public  union  and  tranquilli- 
ty. By  the  mode  of  a  formal  petition,  they  enu- 
merated their  grievances,  laid  claim  to  a  redrefs 
of  them,  and  befought  a  Uniform  protection  to 
their  conflitution  and  laws.  To  this  petition  the 
interceflion  of  C>ueen  Elizabeth  effefted  the 
friendly  attention  of  Francis  and  Mary  ;  and  upon 
a  foundation  concerted  with  fo  much  propriety, 
Monluc  and  Randan,  Cecil  and  Wotton,  the  a£l^ 
ing  plenipotentiaries  of  England  and  France,  drew 
up  and  authenticated  the  celebrated  deed  of  re- 
lief aud  conceffion  *  which  does  fo  much  honour 
to  the  fpirit,  perfeverance,  and  magnanimity  of 
jhe  Scottifli  nation. 

By  this  accord   and   agreement    Francis  and  Theconeei- 
Mary  ftipulated  and  confented,  that  no  French  Frriifana 
foldiers  and  no  foreign  troops  fliould  be  ever  in-  '  ^"^ 
troduced  into  Scotland  without  the  counfel  and 
advice  of  the  three  eftates.     They  concurred  in 
the  opinion  that  the  French  mercenaries  fliould 
be  fent  back  into  France ;  and  that  the  fortifica- 
tions of  Leith  fliould  be  demoliflied.     They  a- 

greed 

*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XX. 


Book  HI. 


C46  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


greed  that  commiflloners  fliould  be  appointed  to 


V,>>-v-^  vifit  Dunbar,  and  to  point  out  the  works  there 
^■^  ^*  which  ought  to  be  deftroyed  ;  and  they  bound 
and  engaged  themfelves  to  build  no  new  fortrefs 
or  place  of  ftrength  within  the  kingdom,  and  to 
repair  no  old  one,  without  a  parliamentary  autho- 
rity and  fandlion.  They  confented  to  extinguifli 
all  debts  which  had  been  contracted  for  the  main- 
tainance  of  the  French  and. Scotch  foldiery  in  their 
fervice.  They  appointed  the  eflates  of  the  realm 
to  hold  a  pai-liament  for  the  difcuiFion  of  affairs  of 
(late ;  and  they  obliged  themfelves  to  confider 
the  afts  of  this  alTembly  as  valid  and  effeftyal  in 
cvei7  refpect.  They  confirmed  the  ancient  law 
of  the  country  which  prohibited  the  Princes  of 
Scotland  from  making  peace  and  war  without 
the  advice  of  the  three  eflates*.     It  was  accordr 

ed 


*  **  The  Lords  deputies  confented,  granted,  and  ap-. 
*'  pointed,  that  neither  the  King  nor  the  Queen  fliall  ordex* 
•'  peace  or  war  within  Scotland,  but  by  the  advice  and  con- 
*'  fent  of  the  three  cftates,  conformable  to  the  laws,  ordinan- 
•*  ces,  and  cuftoms  of  the  country,  and  as  has  formerly  beeo 
*•  done  by  their  prcdccefTors  Kings  of  Scotland."  Treaty, 
Art.  5. 

This  is  a  very  remarkable  evidence   of  the  great  freedom 
of  the  conftltution  of  Scotland  in  ancient  times      For  it  has 
bc^n  argued  by  conftitutional  lawyers,  that  in  all  modern  na- 
tions, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  2i\.f 

f<     ■         I '  11  I' m- 

ed  and  agreed  by  tliem  that  the  three  eftates,  in    Book  ht. 
concurrenGe  with  the  C)ueen,  Ihould  eleft  a  coun-  ^^X^ 

cil 


tions,  the  fole  prerogatire  of  making  peace  and  war  was 
confkndy  verted  in  the  perfon  of  the  Sovereign.  That  the 
cafe  was  very  different  in  Scotland  may  be  perceived,  not 
only  from  the  teftimony  now  quoted,  but  from  other  autho- 
rities. It  appears  from  our  hiftories  that  Malcolm  IV.  was 
commanded  by  the  three  eftates  to  make  war  upon  England  $ 
and  that  when  Robert  II.  was  difpofed  to  conclude  a  truce 
with  that  nation,  the  Scottifli  parliament  defeated  his  pur- 
pofe  by  refufjng  their  confent.  From  the  ftatutes  of  James 
In.  it  is  evident,  that  this  Prince  was  inclined  to  be  zt  pcacs 
with  England,  **  Sa  that  it  had  bene  according  to  the  wor- 
**  fchip  and  honour  of  his  hienes  and  his  realme,  be  ths  Jychi 
*'  of  his  three  eftates."  By  their  authority  therefore  they 
ebliged  him  to  concur  with  them  in  the  mcafures  of  a  nuar  ; 
and  after  mentioning  the  caufes  which  moved  them  to  ho- 
ftility,  it  is  faid,  •*  The  three  eftates  bes  thairfoir  hartfully 
**  of  thair  wwin  frc  luill  grantit  and  promittit  to  our  Scve- 
"  ran*  Lord,  to  remane  and  abyde  at  the  command  of  his 
*'  heines  with  their  perfonnes  and  thair  fubftance  of  landis 
**  and  gudis  in  defence  of  his  maift  nobill  perfoun  his  fuccef- 
*'  fioun  realm  and  lieges,  as  they  and  thair  foirbeatis  hcs  of 
*«  auld  tymes  done  of  befoir."  Black  Afls,  fol.  66.  The 
prerogative  of  peace  and  war,  it  is  thus  to  be  concluded,  did 
not  belong  to  the  Prince,  but  to  the  parliament ;  and  If  a 
Scottifh  monarch  had  ventured  upon  a£ls  of  this  kind,  the 
three  eftates  might  not  only  legally  refift  their  authority^ 
and  pronounce  them  to  be  void,  but  impeach  the  minifter 
who  advifed  them,  or  if  the  Sovereign  had  no  mir.ider,  call 
him  in  perfon  before  them,  and  punifti  bis  infringement  of  the 
majefty  of  the  people,  and  of  the  power  of  the  laws. 


248  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATIOT*      . 

Eookiu.  cil  for  the  adminiftration  of  affairs  during  her 
^^0/  Majefty's  abfence.  They  became  bound  to  em- 
ploy  the  natives  of  Scotland  in  the  management 
of  juftice  both  civil  and  criminal,  in  tlie  offices  of 
chancellor,  keeper  of  the  feals,  treafurer,  comp- 
troller, and  in  other  ftations  of  a  fimilar  nature  j 
and  to  abllain  from  the  promotion  of  all  foreign- 
ers to  places  of  truft  and  honour,  and  from  inveft- 
ing  any  clergyman  in  the  charge  of  affairs  of  the 
revenue.  They  determined  to  eftabliili  an  a£l  of 
oblivion,  and  to  forget  and  bury  forever  the  me- 
mory of  all  the  late  tranfaftions  of  war  and  of- 
fence. It  was  concluded  by  them,  that  a  gene- 
ral peace  and  reconciliation  ftiould  take  place  a- 
mong  all  parties.  They  expreffed  their  determi- 
nation, that  no  pretence  Hiould  be  affumed  by 
them,  from  the  late  contentions,  to  deprive  any 
of  their  fubje6ls  of  their  eftates  or  offices.  And 
they  referred  the  reparation  which  might  be  pro- 
per to  compenfate  the  injuries  that  had  been  fuf- 
tained  by  biihops  and  ecclefiaflics,  to  the  judg-< 
ment  of  the  three  eftates  in  parliament. 

In  all  thefe  grants  and  conceffiotis  there  is  a  re* 
ference  chiefly  to  civil  liberty.  Upon  the  fubje<51; 
of  the  Reformation  the  plenipotentiaries  of  Eng- 
land and  France  did  not  chufe  to  delib^ate  and 

decide. 


OF    RELIGION    IN   SCOTLAND.  249 

decide,  although  articles  with  regard  to  it  had    book  hi. 
been  prefented  to  them  by  the  nobles  and  the  peo-   ^^^ 
pie.     They  referred  this  delicate  topic  to  the  en- 
fuing  meeting  of  the  parliament ;  and  the  leaders 
of  the  Congregation  engaged,  that  deputies  from 
the  three  eftates  fliould  repair  to  the  King  and 
Queen,  to  know  their  intentions  concerning  mat-       ' 
ters  of  fuch  high  importance. 

After  having  granted  thefe  concelHons  to  the  Treaty  of 

Edinburgh. 

nobility  and  the  people  of  Scotland,  upon  the 
part  of  their  refpe^live  courts,  Monluc  and  Ran- 
dan, Cecil  and  Wotton,  concluded  another  deed 
of  treaty  and  agreement.  By  this  convention  it 
was  determined,  that  the  Englifti  and  French 
troops  ftiould  depart  out  of  Scotland ;  that 
all  warlike  preparations  iliould  ceafe  ;  that  the 
fort  of  Aymouth  fhould  be  rafed  to  the  ground, 
in  terms  of  the  treaty  of  Cambray ;  that  Francis 
and  Mary  fhould  abftain  from  bearing  the  title 
and  arnls  of  England  or  Ireland ;  that  it  Should 
be  confidered,  whether  a  farther  compenfation 
fhould  be  made  to  Elizabeth  for  the  injuries  com- 
mitted againft  her;  and  that  the  King  and  Queen 
of  Scots  fhould  be  fully  and  fmcerdy  reconciled 
to  the  nobility  and  the  people  of  their  kingdom. 
The  interefls  of  England  and  France  were  the 
K  k  particular 


250         HISTORY   OF    THE    REFpRMATION 


Book  HI.  particular  objects  of  this  agreement.  But  though 
^y^  the  conceiEons  to  the  Proteflants  were  not  in- 
ferted  in  it  at  full  length,  an  expreflive  reference 
was  made  to  them ;  and  they  received  a  confir- 
mation in  terms  which  could  not  be  mifunder- 
ftood  or  controverted.  This  deed  recorded  the 
clemency  of  Francis  and  Mary  to  their  fubjefts 
of  Scotland,  the  extreme  willingnefs  of  the  nobi- 
lity and  the  people  to  return  to  their  duty  and 
allegiance,  the  reprefentation  they  had  offered  of 
their  grievances,  and  the  requefl;  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, that  redrefs  ftiould  be  afforded  to  them  ;  and 
it  appealed  to  the  confequent  conceflions  which 
had  been  flipulated  to  their  advantage  * 

By  thefe  important  negociations,  the  Pro- 
teflants, while  they  humbled  France,  flattered 
Queen  Elizabeth  ;  and  while  they  acquired  a 
power  to  aft  in  the  eftablifliment  of  the  Refor- 
mation, reftored  its  civil  conftitution  to  Scotland. 
The  CKclufion  of  foreigners  from  offices  t)f  ftate, 
the  limitation  of  the  Scottifli  Princes  with  regard 
to  peace  and  war,, the  advancement  of  the  three 
eftates  to  their  ancient  confequence,  and  the  aft 
of  oblivion  of  all  offences,  were  acquifitions  mod 

extenfively 

*  C01LE6TION  of  Records,  No.  XXI. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  25I 

extenfively  great  and  ufeful ;  and  while  they  ope-  Book  hi. 
rated  the  fulled  fecurity  to  the  Reformed,  gra-      ij6o, 
tified  all  their  happiefl  and  mofl  fanguine  expefta- 
tions. 

The  peace,  fo  fortunately  concluded,  was  ira-  thc  pro- 
mediately  proclaimed.     The  French  mercenaries  the  p^eacc" 
embarked  for  their  own  country,  and  the  Englilh  pivin^" 
army  took  the  road  to  Berwick.     Amidlt  events  poimment 
fo  joyful,  the  preachers  exhorted  the  confedera-  and7upcr"^ 
ted  Nobles  to  command  the  folemnity  of  a  thankf-  **  ^"  ^"  *' 
giving.     It  was  ordered  accordingly ;  and  after 
its  celebration,  the  commifTioners  of  the  boroughs, 
with  feveral  of  the  nobility,  and  the  tenants  in 
capite^  were  appointed  to  chufe  and  depute  rai- 
nifters  to  preach  the  gofpel  in  the  principal  towns 
throughout  the  kingdom.     John  Knox  was  cal- 
led to  difcharge  the  paftoral  funftions  at  Edin- 
burgh, Chriftopher  Goodman  at    St  Andrews, 
Adam  Heriot  at  Aberdeen,  John  Row  at  Perth, 
Paul  Meven  at  Jedburgh,   William  Chrillifon  at 
Dundee,  David  Fergufon  at  Dunferraling,  and 
David  Lindfey  at  Leith.     That  the  bufmefsof 
the  church,  at  the  fame  time,  might  be  managed 
with  propriety,  fuperintendents  were  elefted  to 
prefide  over  the  ^cclefiaflical  affairs  of  particular 
province?  and    diilrifts.      Mr   John  Spotfwood 
l^k  2  \va§ 


252  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.  was  named  to  fuperintendent  for  the  divifion  of 
^-'^^^  Lothian,  Mr  John  Willocks  for  that  of  Glafgow, 
Mr  John  Winram  for  that  of  Fife,  Mr  John  Er- 
ikineof  Dun  for  that  of  Angus  and  Merns,  and 
Mr  John  Carfwell  for  that  of  Argyle  and  the 
Ifles.  This  inconfiderable  number  of  miniflers 
and  fuperintendents  gave  a  beginning  to  the  Re- 
formed church  of  Scotland  *. 


fhepariia-  Amidst  the  triumph  and  exuhation  of  the 
lembies.  *  Ptoteftants,  the  meeting  of  the  parhament  ap- 
proached. An  univerfal  curiofity  and  attention 
were  excited.  All  perfons  who  had  a  title 
from  law,  or  from  ancient  cuftom,  to  attend  the 
great  council  of  the  nation,  were  called  to  aflem- 
ble  there.  The  democratical  fpirit  of  the 
Scottifli  conftitution  difplayed  itfelf.  While  there 
was  a  full  convention  of  the  greater  barons  and 
the  prelates,  the  inferior  tenants  in  capite,  or  the 
lefler  barons,  upon  an  occafion  fo  great,  inflead 
of  appearing  by  reprefentation,  came  in  crowds 
to  give  perfonally  their  affiftance  and  votes  ;  and 
all  the  commiiTioners  for  the  boroughs,  without 
exception,  prefented  themfelves  f. 

It 


t> 


*  Knox,  p.  251,  353    Spotfwood,  p.  149. 
f  Spotswood,  p.  149-     The  roll  of  the  members  of  this 
yarJiamant  is  of  fufficiem  curiofity  to  be  laid  before  the  read- 
er, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  253 


It  was  objected  to  this    parliament,  when  it    book  iir. 

was  affembled,  that  it  could  not  be  valid,  fince  *^>^v"^ 

1560. 
Francis  i"  legality 

is  dilputed 

.,^^^^-;-—;————^^^—^—--—^^ss=s:=z:==:=:=:====:===:==z:==^======    '^^'^  con- 
firmed. 

er,  and  had  the  fortune  to  be  pteferved    in  the  Cotton  H-  Jt'fons^jf" 


brary.    Keith,  p.  146. 

•*  The  names  of  the  Erlis,  Lordis,  Clergye,  and  vtheris  of 
"  the  States  that  were  at  the  laft  parlament. 

«  TAMES  Duke  off  Chattellerault,  James  Earle  off  Ar- 
«*  '^rane,  Archybald  Erie  off  Ergyle,  Jhon  Erie  off  Athole, 
**  Williame  Erie  Marfchal,  David  Erie  Crawfurd,  James 
**  Erie  MortouD,  Alexander  Erie  off  Glencarne,  Andro 
«  Erie  off  Rothes,  Hew  Erie  off  Eglintoun,  Gilbert  Erie 
**  off  Caffillis,  Jhon  Erie  off  Sutherland,  George  Erie  off 
♦•  Caitnefs,  Jhon  Erie  of  Monteith,  Jhon  Archbifchop  Sanft- 
**  andr.  commendatare  off  Paflay,  Robert  Bifchop  off  Dun- 
**  kcld,  William  Bii'chop  off  Dumblane,  James  Bifchop  off 
**  Ergyl,  Alexander  Avchblfchop  of  Athenis,  tU&.  of  Gal- 
**  loway  and  commendatare  off  Incheffray,  Jhon  eleft  off 
*•  the  His,  commendatare  off  Ycolmkyl  and  Archattane. 

"  George  Lord  Gordoun,  Jhon  Lord  Erflcyn,  Patrilc 
^*  Lord  Ruthven,  Alexr.  Lord  Home,  Jhon  Lord  Lynde- 
**  fay  off  the  Byris,  Williame  Lord  Hay  of  Zeflir,  James 
"  Lord  Somervile,  William  Lord  Levingftoun,  Andro 
**  Lord  Stewart  off  Ouchiltree,  Alexr.  Lord  Saltoun,  Robert 
*•  Lord  Boyd,  Robert  Lord  Elphinftoun,  Jhon  Lord  In- 
*♦  nermeith,  Patrik  Lord  Gray,  James  Lord  Ogylvie,  Jhon 
"  Lord  Glamis,  John  Lord  Borthuik,  Allane  LordCath- 
^*  cart,  James  Lord  San6l  Johnis. 

"  James  commendatare  of  the  Priorie  off  San£landros  and 
**  Pettinweme,  Jhon  commendatare  off  Abirbrothok,  Ro- 
f  bert  commendatare  off  Halyrudhows,  Jhon  commendatare 


the  Re- 
formed. 


254  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  111.   Francis  and  Mary   were  not  prefent,   and  had 
^"^"J^^  not  empowered    any  pcrfon   to  reprefeiit   them. 

But 


'*  ofFColdinghame,  Jhon  abbot  of  Lundorls,  Donald  abbot 
*«  off  Couper,  Andro  commendatare  of  Jedburgh  and  Re- 
**  ftcnnotjMark  commendatare  of  Newbotile,  Adam  commen- 

*'  datare  off  Dundrannen,  Jhon  abbot  off  Newabbay,  

*'  commendatare  off  Dryburgh  and  Inchmahome,  Po- 

"  ftulat  off  Cambuficynneth,  James  commendatare  off  Sanft 
•*  Colmis  Inche,  William  commendatare  off  Cuirofs,  Walter 
**  abbot  of  Kinlofs,  Gawine  commendatare  off  Kilwynnyng, 
*'  Nichol  abbot  off  Feme,  Robert  commendatare  off  Deir, 
**  Jhon  priour  off  Portmoak,  Robert  commendatare  off  Sanft 
**  Marie  Ifle,  Robert  minifter  f  off  Faulfurde. 

*'  The  commiffaries  off  burrois,  viz,  Edinburgh,  Strlve- 
*'  ling,  Perth,  Abirdene,  Dunde,  AJr,  Irwein,  Hading- 
"  town,  Lynlythgow,  Glafgow,  Peblis,  Jedburgh,  Selkirk, 
*•  Coupar,  Kinghorne,  Banff,  Forfar,  Invernes,  Montrof»| 
"  Kirkcudbricht,  Wigtoun,  Inncrkethyng, 

"  WiLHAME  Maider  Merfcheal,  Jhqn  Maifter  off  MaX" 
<*  well  off  Terriglis  Knycht,  Patrik  Maifter  Lindefay,  Hen* 
"  ry  Maifter  Sinclare,Williarae  Maifter  off  Glencarne,  Hew 
*'  Maifter  Somervile, James  Dowglas  off  Drumlangrig  Knycht, 
*'  Jhon  Gordoun  of  Lochlnver,  Alexander  Stuart  off  Gar- 
**  leifs,  Jhon  Wallace  off  Cragye,  William  Cwninghameoff 
*'  Cwninghameheid,  Jhon  Cwninghame  off  Caprlntoun,  Jhon 
**  Mwre  off  Rowallane,PatrlkHowfton  off  that  I.'h.GeorgeBu- 
*'  quhannane  off  that  Ilk,  Robert  Menteith  off  Kerfs,  James 

f  He  was  probably  a  Prefefl  of  a  religious  houfe,  ^nd  might  fit  in 
parliament  in  a  double  capacity,  as  being  a  prelate,  aod  a  tenant  in 

"  Strlvillins 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  ^^^ 

But  by  the  terms  of  the  late  eonceifions  to  the  book.  iir. 
nobility  and  the  people,  they  had  in  effeft  difpenf-  ^^^T^ 

ed 


**  Striviling  ofF  Keir,  Willam  Murray  off  Tullibardin,  An- 
"  dro  Murray  off  Balwarde,  Jhon  Wifeheart  of  Pitarro, 
**  Williame  Douglas  of  Lochlevin,  Colin  Campbel  of  Glen- 
*'  urquhard,  Williame  Sinclare  off  Rolling,  Jhon  Creich- 
**  toun  off  Strathurde,  Alexander  Irweln  off  Drum,  •  ■  ■  - 
«  Allerdes  off  that  Ilk,  Alexander  Frazer  of  Philorth,  Wil- 
**  liam  Tnnes  of  that  Ilk,  — —  Sutherland  off  Duffus,  Jhon 
*'  Grant  of  Freuchy,  Robert  Monro  off  Fowlis,  George 
**  Ogylvie  off  Dunlugus,  David  Ogylvie  off  that  Ilk,  Jhon 
**  Ogyhic  off  Innerquharite,  ■— — Ogylvie  off  Cloway,  — — 
**  Ouch* '-l©ny  of  Kelly,  Jhon  Straithauchin  (Strachan)  off 
<*  Thorntown,  Andro  Straton  of  Lawreftown,  John  Creich- 

**  ton  off  Ruthvennis,  Thoraas   Blair  off  Baltheok,  — • 

"  Ogilvy  off  Inchmertyn,  Thomas  Maule  off  Panmure, 
*'  Archibjild  Douglas  off  Glenbarve,  Thomas  Foitringh- 
*'  hame  off  Powry,  Robert  Grahame  of  Morpky,  Ro- 
«*  bert   Stewart  off   Roffyth,    Walter  Lundy    of  that  Ilk, 

*« Myretoun  off  Cammo,    Arthure  Forbes     off 

**  Reres,  Andro  Wod  off  Largo,  John  Kynneir  off 
«'  that  Ilk,  Robert  Logan  off  Reftalrig,  George  Didd  of 
•«  that  Ilk,  Jhon  Edmeftone  off  that  Ilk  zounger,  Gilbert 
**  Wauchop  off  NiddreMerfcheal,  George  Home  off  Spot, 
"  — —  Hamiltoun  of   Innerweik,  David  Home  off  Wed- 

«*  derburne, Nifbet  off  that   Ilk,  Jhon  Swinton  off  that 

**  Ilk,  William  Hamiltoun  off  Sanchar,  George  Crawfurde 

«  off  Leffures,  James  Cockburoe  off  Scrab'ng, Twedy 

"  off  Drumelzear,  Hew  Wallace  off  Carnel,  Robert  Lynde- 
"  fay  off  Dunrod,  Robert  Maxwel  off  Calderwpgd,  Patrik 
"  Lermonth  offDerfy,  George  Lermonth  off  Balcomy,  Jhoa 

"^  Carioichal 


Z^6  HISTORY    OF   THE    REFORMATION 

BOOK  111.  ed  with  this  formality ;  and  the  objeftion,  after 
^^^^  having  been  agitated  with  heat  for  fome  days, 
was  rejefted  by  a  majority  of  voices.  The  Lords 
of  the  Articles  were  then  chofen ;  and  as  thePro- 
teftant  party  were  fuperior  to  the  Popiili  faftion, 
they  were  careful,  in  elefting  the  members  of  this 
committee,  to  favour  all  thofe  who  were  difpofed 
to  forward  the  work  of  the  Reformation.    The 

firit 


"  Carmichal  off  that  Ilk,  Jhon  Carmlchael  off  Medowflat, 
•'  George  Haliburton  off  Petcur,  James  Haring  off  Glafclune, 

**  Stewart  off  Grantuly,  Jhon  Stewart  off  ArntuIIy, 

*'  James  Meinzies  off  that  Ilk,  Jhon  Forrel  off  that  Ilk, 
*'  Maifter  Alexander  Levingftoun  off  Donipace,  Jhon  Creich- 
**  ton  tutor  off  Sanchar,  Jhon  Cwninghame  off  Drumquhaf- 
**  fil,  David  Hamiltoun  off  Fingaltoun,  Henry  Wardlaw  off 

"  Torry, Bamfay  off  Banff,  James  Herlot  ofFTrabron, 

"  Walter  Ker  off  Cesfurde,  Jhon  Ker  off  Pharnlhurft,  Jhon 
"  Jhonftoun  off  that  Ilk,  William  Dowglas  offQuittinghame, 
'*  Neil  Montgomery  off  Langfchaw,  Patiik  Montgomery  off 

•'  Giffine, Montgomery  off  Hefil-heid,  Williame  Cran- 

**  ftoune  off  that  Ilk,  Thomas  Macaowal  off  Makcarfton, 
**  Jhon  Home  off"  Coldingknowis,  Patrik  Hepburne  off 
"  Wauchtoun,  James  Foreftar  off  Corftorphin,  Jhon  Sande- 
"  iandis  off  Calder,  Williame  Lauder  off  Haltoun,  John  Cok- 
**  burne  off  Ormeftoune,  George  Brown  off  CoKloun,  James 

*'  Sandelandis  off  Cruvy, Baillie  off  Lamyngtoun,    Sir 

*'  James  Hamiltoun  off  Cramfurde,  John^Knyght,  — —  Ar~ 
«  buthnot  off  that  Ilk. 

"  With  money  vtheris  faaronis,  fre  haldaris,  and  landic 
*'  men,  biit  £■/.  e.  without]  all  armour." 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  257 

firfl  objeft  which  the  Lords  of  the  Articles  held  Book  lu. 
out  to  the  parliament  was,  the  Supplication  of  ^^Q/ 
the  nobility,  the  gentry,  and  all  the  other  perfons 
who  profefTed  the  new  doftrines.  It  required 
that  the  Romiili  church  fliould  be  condemned  and 
aboliflied.  It  reprobated  the  tenet  of  tranfubftan- 
tiation,  the  merit  of  works,  Papiflical  indulgences, 
purgatory,  pilgrimages,  and  prayers  to  departed 
faints ;  and  confidering  them  as  peftilent  errors, 
and  as  fatal  to  falvation,  it  demanded  that  all  thofe 
who  fliould  teach  and  maintain  them  fliould  be 
expofed  to  correction  and  punifliment.  It  demand- 
ed, that  a  remedy  Ihould  be  applied  againfl;  the 
profanation  of  the  holy  facraments  by  the  Roman 
Catholics,  and  that  the  ancient  difcipline  of  the 
church  fliould  be  reftored.  In  fine,  it  infilled, 
that  the  fupremacy  and  authority  of  the  Pope 
fhould  be  aboliflied,  and  that  the  patrimony  of 
the  church  fliould  be  employed  in  fupporting  the 
Reformed  miniflry,  in  the  provifioa  of  fchools 
and  in  the  maintenance  of  the  poor  *. 


,  This  fupplication  of  the  Proteflants  was  re- 
ceived in  parliament  with  marks  of  the  greatefl 
deference  and  refpea.     The  Popifh  doftrines  it  SyTcRc 
L I  cenfured. 


A  Confef. 
fion  of 
Faith  is 


*  Collection  of  Records,  No.  XXII. 


formed,  and 
approved 
by  the  par» 
liamcnt. 


258  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  HI.  cenfurcd,  and  the  ilrong  language  it  employed, 
^^T^  excited  no  difpiite  or  altercation.  The  nobility, 
however,  and  the  lay  members,  did  not  think  it 
expedient,  that  the  patrimony  of  the  church,  in 
all  its  extent,  fliould  be  alloted  to  the  Reformed 
miniflry,  and  the  fupport  of  fchools  and  the  poor. 
Avoiding,  therefore,  any  explicit  fcrutiny  into  this 
point,  the  parliament  gave  it  in  charge  to  the  mi- 
niflers,  and  the  leading  men  of  the  Reformation, 
to  draw  up,  under  diflinft  hesds,  the  fubflance  and 
fenfe  of  thofe  do(5lrines  which  ought  to  be  eflabhli- 
ed  over  the  kingdom.  Within  four  days  this  im- 
portant bufmefs  was  accompliflied.  The  writing 
or  inftrument  to  which  the  Reformed  committed 
their  oj  iiiions  was  termed,  "  The  ConfeiTion  of 
"  Fairli  profelTed  and  believed  by  the  Proteflants 
*^'  within  the  realm  of  Scotland  *."  It  was  read 
firft  to  the  Lords  of  the  Articles.  It  was  then 
read  to  the  parliament ;  and  the  prelates  of  the 
Romifli  church  were  commanded,  in  the  name  of 
God,  to  make  publicly  their  objeftions  to  the  doc- 
trines it  propo/ed.  They  preferved  a  profound 
filence.     A  new  diet  was  appointed  for  concluding 

the 


*  It  is  given  al  fall  length  .'n  Knox,  in  the  CoUedion  of 
Confeffions  of  Faith,  vol.  ii.  and  in  the  Statute  Book,  Pari. 
J567. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND,  259 


the  tranfaftion.  The  ai'ticles  of  the  Confeilion  Book  iir. 
Were  again  read  over  in  their  order  ;  and  the  votes  ^^^^^ 
of  the  parliament  were  called.  Of  the  temporal 
nobility,  three  only  refufed  to  bedow  upon  it  their 
authority.  The  Earl  of  Athol,  and  the  Lords 
Somerville  and  Bothwel,  proteiled  that  "  they 
"  would  believe  as  their  fathers  had  done  before 
"  them."  The  bifliops,  and  the  eftate  eccleilaf- 
tical,  from  a  confcioufnefs  of  the  weaknefs  of  Po- 
pery, from  a  policy  that  looked  for  the  arrival  of 
more  favourable  times,  from  an  abjeft  terror,  or 
from  the  greatnefs  of  their  misfortunes,  feemed  to 
have  lofl  all  power  of  fpeech.  No  diiTent,  no  vote 
was  given  by  them.  "  It  is  long,"  faid  the  Earl 
Mariihall,  "  fince  I  entertainecl  a  jealoufy  of  the 
"  Romifti  faith,  and  an  affe(ftion  to  the  Reformed 
"  do<fl:rines.  But  this  day  has  afforded  me  the 
*'  completell  conviiflion  of  the  faliliood  of  the 
*'  one,  and  the  truth  of  the  other.  The  billiops, 
"  who  do  not  conceive  themfelves  to  be  deficient 
"  in  learning,  and  whofe  zeal  for  the  maintain- 
"  ance  of  the  hierarchy  cannot  be  doubted,  have 
"  abandoned  their  rehgion,  and  their  interefls  in 
*'  it,  as  objefts  which  admit  of  no  defence  or 
"  juftification."  All  the  other  conftituent  mem- 
bers of  this  great  council  were  zealous  for  the  c- 
flabliiliment  of  the  Reformation,  and  affirmed  the 
L  1  2  propriety 


■266  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.    propriety  of  its  doci:rines.     Thus  the  high  court 
^T^  of  parUament,  with  great  deliberation  and  folem- 
nity,  examined,  voted,  and  ratified  the  confeflion 
Auguft  17.  of  the  Reformed  faith  *. 

The  aboH-        A  FEW  days  after  the  eflablifliment  of  the  Con- 

tionofthe  r  ^  ^  1-  rr    t  n 

mafs.  feflion  of  Faith,   the  parhament  palled  an  act  a- 

gainft  the  mafs,  and  the  exercife  of  the  Romilh 
worfhip.  And  it  fcrupled  not  to  ordain,  that  all 
perfons,  faying  or  hearing  mafs,  ftiould,  for  the 
firfl  offence,  be  expofed  to  the  confifcation  of  their 
eftates,  and  to  a  corporal  chaflifement,  at  the  dif- 
cretion  of  the  magiftrate  ;  that  for  the  fecond  of- 
fence, they  (liould  be  baniflied  out  of  the  king- 
dom ;  and  that  for  the  third  offence  they  ftiould 
incur  and  fuffer  the  pains  of  death  f.  This  fierce- 
refs,  it  is  to  be  acknowledged,  did  not  fuit  the 
generofity  of  viftory ;  and  while  an  excufe  is 
fought  for  it  in  the  perfidioufnefs  of  the  Romifti 
prieflhood,  it  efcapes  not  the  obfervation  of  the 
moft  fuperficial  hiftoriaus,  that  thefe  fe verities 
were  exaftly  thofe  of  which  the  Proteflants  had 
complained  fo  loudly,  and  with  fo  much  juflice. 
The  human  mind,  in  the  warmth  of  tumult  and 

agitation, 

'^   Knox,  p.  250,  252,  172.    Spotfwood,  p^ijo. 
-}•  Collection  of  R.ccords,  No.  XXIII. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  sGl 

agitation,  reconciles  itfelf  to  violence  of  every  Book  iir. 
kind  ;  and  under  a  ftrong  fenfe  of  a  criterion  of  ^^Q^ 
religious  right,  it  is  conftantly  forgot  that  any  inju- 
ry is  committed,  in  the  compulfion  of  mankind  to 
embrace  tenets,  which  are  conceived  to  conftitute 
their  duty  in  this  flate,  and  to  conduft  them  to 
happinefs  in  another.  The  utter  contempt  and 
abhorrence  of  perfecution,  and  the  philofophical 
and  unbounded  toleration  of  opinion,  have  never 
diftinguilhed  the  praftice  of  nations,  and  are  ne- 
ver to  be  expelled  from  them.  They  ferve  only 
to  illuflrate  the  capacity  and  the  virtue  of  thofe 
rare  and  fmgular  individuals,  who  are  the  favour- 
ites of  heaven,  who  feel  a  fuperiority  over  the 
herd  of  the  fpecies,  and  enjoy  and  exercife  the 
fulleft  powers  of  the  underllanding,  and  the  beil 
affeftions  of  the  heart. 

By  another  ordination,  the  parliament,  after  Aboiitioncf 
having  declared,  that  the  Pope,  or  Billiop  of  auttuTrity. 
Rome,  had  infli61ed  a  deep  wound  and  a  humili- 
ating injury  upon  the  fovereignty  and  government 
of  Scotland,  by  his  frequent  interferences  and 
claims  of  power,  commanded  and  decreed,  that, 
for  the  future,  his  jurifdiftion  and  authority 
{hould  be  dead  and  extinft  ;  and  that  all  perfons 
maintaining  the  fmalleft  connedlion  with  him,  or 

with 


2^2  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.     with  his  feft,  fliould  be  liable  to  the  lofs  of  ho- 
^^,^0       nour  and  offices,  profcription  and  baniftiment  *. 


The^iariia.  These  memorable  and  decifive  flatutes  atchiev» 
the  ratifica-  ed  the  ovcrtlirow  of  the  Romilli  religion.  It  pe- 
procedings  rifticd  without  thofe  ftruggles  which  might  have 
cis  and  Ma-  been  cxpe6led  from  the  grandeur  to  which  it  had 
ri^en.  An  immenfe  and  difproportioned  flrufture 
falling  to  pieces,  covered  the  ground  with  unfeem- 
ly  ruins.  To  obtain  to  thefe  proceedings,  and 
to  its  other  ordinances,  the  approbation  of  Fran- 
cis and  Mary,  was  an  objeft  of  the  greatefl  anxie- 
ty, and  of  infinite  moment  to  the  three  eftates. 
.  Sir  James  Sandilands,  Lord  St.  John,  was  there- 
fore appointed  to  go  to  France,  and  to  exprefs  to 
the  King  and  Queen  the  affeftion  and  allegiance 
of  their  fubjefts,  to  explain  what  had  been  done 
in  confequence  of  the  late  conceffions  and  treaty, 
and  to  folicit  their  royal  ratification  of  thetranfac- 
tions  of  the  parliament  f.  The  fpirited  behaviour 
of  the  Congregation  had,  however,  exceeded  all 
the  expeftations  of  the  Princes  of  Lorraine ;  and 
the  bufmefs  of  the  embafly,  and  the  ambaffador 
himfelf,  though  a  man  of  character  and  probity, 

were 


Collection  of  Records,  No.  XXIV. 
■\  Keith,  Appendix,  p.  91. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLiAND.  263 


were  treated  not  only  with  ridicule,  but  with  in-    bookUL 
fult  and  contumely.     He  returned,  accordingly,   ^'•^''^'^^' 


1560. 


without  any  anfwer  to  his  commiilion.     Initead  of 
fubmitting  the  heads  and  topics  of  a  reformation 
to  Francis  and  Mary,  by  a  petition  or  a  narrative, 
the  parliament  had  voted  them  into  laws ;  and 
from  this  informality  the  validity  of  its  proceed- 
ings has  been  fufpefted.     But  it  is  obfervable  of 
the  Proteftants,  that  they  had  not  concealed  their 
views  with  regard  to  religion,  and  the  abolition  of 
Popery  ;  that  in  the  grant  of  redrefs  and  concef- 
fion,  and  in  the  deed  of  treaty,  no  actual  prohibi- 
tion was  made  to  bar  the  eftablifliment  of  the  Re- 
formation ;  th?.t  a  general  authority  was  given  to 
the  parliament  to  decide  in  affairs  of  flate  ;  and 
that  Francis  and  Mary  were  lolcmnly  bound  to 
authenticate  its  tranfaclions.     Though  a  formaU- 
ty  was  invaded,  the  fpirit  of  the  treaties  was  yet 
refpecled  and  maintained.     The  nation,  of  confe- 
quence,  imputed  the  conduft  of  Francis  and  Mary 
to  political  reafo'is,  fuggefted  by  the  Princes  of 
Lorraine,  and  to  the  artifices  oi-  the  Popifli  clergy ; 
and  as  Elizabeth  did  not  refufe,  upon  her  part, 
the  ratification  of  the  agreements  *,  and  folicited 
and  prefled  the  French  court  in  vam  to  adopt  the 

fame 

*  Rymer,  Fcedera,  vol.  xv.  p.  601. 


264  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  HI.   fame  meafure,  a  ftrength  and  force  were  thence 

^♦"^"Y"^  communicated  to  this  conclufion  *. 
1360. 


The  fagacity  of  the  leaders  of  the  Congrega- 
tion, not  lefs  than  their  zeal  for  rehgion,  had  in- 
duced them  to  think  of  the  bold  and  determined 
meafures  which  they  executed.  A  parliamentary 
ran£Vion  could  alone  give  the  pre-eminence  to  the 
Reformed  Do6lrines.  They  knew  and  under- 
flood  the  councils,  refinements,  and  ambition  of 
the  Houfe  of  Guile.  It  was  therefore  their  chief 
concern,  to  prevent  the  poiTibility  of  a  difappoint- 
ment.  To  have  committed  their  tenets  of  reli- 
gion, and  their  views  of  Reformation,  to  a  fuppli- 
cation  or  a  bill,  and  to  have  prefented  them  in 
that  form  to  Francis  and  Mary,  was  a  flow  and  an 
uncertain  method  of  aftion.  It  was  fure  of  creat- 
ing delays,  and  it  expofed  them  to  dangers,  by 
neceflai-ily  involving  them  in  intrigues  with  a  court 
which  was  fruitful  in  expedients,  and  inflamed  to 
a  wild  hofl:ility  againfl:  their  proje^ls,  by  the 
double  and  powerful  incentives  of  interell  and  re- 
ligion. The  refufal,  accordingly,  of  Francis  and 
Mary  to  ratify  the  proceedings  of  the  three  e- 

fl:ates. 


*  Buchanan,  Htft.  Rer.  Scot.  lib.  xvii.     Kncx,  p.  274. 
Spotfwood,  p.  150, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  265 

ftates,  did  not  deflroy  their  eiFe(5t  and  operation,    book  m. 
The  parliament  protefled  its  own  afts ;  the  people       i^^q. 
beftowed  upon  them  their  refpeft,  and  honoured 
them  with  their  obedience ;  and  Popery,  defeated 
and  in  defpondence,  but  not  without  hope,  took 
her  flight  from  Scotland. 

When  the  three  eftates  difpatched  Sir  James  Embaffy  tp 

England. 

Sandilands  to  France,  they  inftnifted  the  Earls  of  The  pariia- 
Morton  and  Glencaim,  with  Maitland  of  Lething-  pofesthe 

union  of 

ton,  to  repair  to  the  court  of  England.     By  thele  England 

and  Scot- 

ambafiadors  they  prefented  to  Elizabeth  their  fin-  land,  by  the 

marriage  of 

cere  and  refpeftful  thanks,  for  the  attention  fliewn  Queen  eh- 

zabethwith 

by  her  to  Scotland,  in  her  late  moft  important  the  Eari  of 
fervices.  They  difplayed  the  advantages  of  the 
union  of  the  two  nations  ;  and  while  they  folicit- 
cd  the  continuance  of  her  favour  and  protection, 
entreated,  in  an  earnefl  manner,  that  her  majefty, 
for  the  eftabUfliment  of  a  perpetual  peace  and  a- 
mity,  would  be  pleafed  to  take  in  marriage  the 
Earl  of  Arran,  the  next  heir,  after  his  father,  to 
the  Scottifli  monarchy.  It  was  with  real  joy  that 
the  Queen  of  England  received  the  acknowledg- 
ments of  the  people  of  Scotland  for  the  benefits 
flie  had  conferred  upon  them.  She  made  new 
and  fervent  proteflations  of  her  regard  and  attach- 
ment ;  and  gave  the  promife  of  her  waxmeft  aid 
M  m  when 


i56  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book.  III.  when  it  fliould  be  necelTary,  in  their  jufl:  defence, 
^y^  upon  any  future  occafion.  She  fpoke  in  obliging 
terms  of  the  Earl  of  Arran,  but  as  flie  found  in 
herfelf  no  prefent  difpofition  to  marriage,  fhe  de- 
fired  that  he  might  confult  his  happinefs  in  another 
alliance.  She  expreffed  a  favourable  opinion  of 
the  prudence  and  capacity  of  the  Scottidi  nobi- 
lity, and  as  a  demonflration  of  her  afFeftion  and 
efteem,  flie  took  the  liberty  to  remind  them  of 
the  praftices  which  had  been  employed  to  over- 
turn their  independency  j  and  begged  them  to 
confider  the  unanimity  and  concord  of  their  or- 
der as  a  necelTary  guard  againft  the  ambition  and 
the  artifice  of  the  enemies  of  their  nation  ** 


The  deli- 
cate ftate 
of  the  Con 


The  fuccefs  of  the  Congregation,  though 
great  and  illuftrious,  was  not  yet  completely  de- 
gregation.  cifive.  They  were  happy  in  the  overthrow  of 
Popery,  and  in  the  patronage  of  Queen  Elizabeth; 
but  the  refufal  of  Frarcis  and  Mary  to  ratify 
their  proceedings,  opened  up  a  fource  of  bitter- 
nefs  and  inquietude.  The  Popilli  party,  though 
humbled,  was  not  annihilated.  Under  the  royal 
proteftion  it  would  foon  be  formidable.  Politi- 
cal 


*  BuRHET,  vol.  Hi.  Colledion  of  Record?,  p.  308,  309, 
310     Kciib,  p.  154,  156. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  26/ 

cal  confiderations  might  arile,  not  only  to  cool  Book  m. 
the  amity  of  England,  but  even  to  provoke  its  ,^50. 
refentment ;  and  France,  though  it  could  now 
tranfport  no  army  againfl  Scotland,  might  foon 
be  able  to  adopt  that  expedient.  Cruel  diftrac- 
tions,  and  fevere  calamities  were  flill  to  be  dread- 
ed. In  the  narrownefs  of  their  own  refources 
they  could  find  no  folid  and  permanent  fecurity 
againfl  the  rage  and  weight  of  domeflic  fa<ftion, 
and  the  ftrenuous  exertions  of  an  extenfive  king- 
dom. All  their  fair  atchievements  might  be  blaft- 
ed  and  overthrown.  Popery  might  again  build 
up  her  towers,  and  a  fanguinary  domination  de- 
ftroy  alike  their  religious  and  civil  liberties  * 

M  m  2  While 


*  About  this  time,  Maitland  of  Lethington  writes  in  the 
following  manner  to  Sir  William  Cecil.  **  Thofe  that  give 
*'  themfelves  forth  for  Proteftants  be  not  all  alike  earneftly 
*'  bent  to  maintain  it.  Some  have  been  accuftomed  fo  to 
**  feed  upon  the  French  fare,  that  their  delicate  ftomachs  can- 
"  not  well  digeft  any  other.  Some  be  fo  covetous,  that 
*'  wherefoever  the  lure  of  commodity  is  (hown  unto  them, 
*'  thither  will  they  fly.  Some  fo  inconftant,  that  they  may 
«*  be  eafily  carried  away  by  the  countenance  of  their  Princefs's 
''  prefence,  fometimes  (hewing  them  a  good  vifage,  and 
^'  fometimes,  as  occafion  fiiall  require,  frowning  on  them. 
#'  Others  there  be  fa  carelefs  and  ignorant,  that  they. will 

rather 


268  HISTORY  OF   THE    REFORMATION 


Book.  III.  While  the  anguifli  of  melancholy  apprehen- 
^■^■^^  fions  reprefled  the  triumph  of  the  Congregation, 
?Fran-^^  the  cvcnt  which  could  operate  moft  to  their  in- 
ef.ii.  terefls 


"  rather  refpeft  their  preftnt  eafe,  which  fhall  bring  after  it 
*'  moft  grevious  calamities,  than  with  the  hazard  of  a  little 
"  prefent  incommodity  put  them  and  theirs  in  full  fecurity 
"  afterwards.  Thefe  to  be  a  great  number  in  our  late  dan- 
**  ger,  we  had  large  experience ;  yet  I  doubt  not  but  the 
"  beft  fort  will  conftantly  and  ftoutly  bear  out  that  which 
*•  they  have  begun.  Mary,  what  difficulty  and  hazard  fhall 
**  be  in  it  you  may  judge,  when  the  Queen  fhall  fo  eafily  wia 
*'  to  her  party  the  whole  Papifls,  and  fo  many  Proteftants 
*'  as  be  addided  to  the  French  faftion,  covetous,  inconftant, 
**  uneafy,  ignorant,  or  carelefs.  So  long  as  her  Highnefs 
<'  is  abfent,  in  this  cafe  there  is  no  peril,  but  you  may  judge 
«•  what  the  prefence  of  a  Prince,  being  craftily  counfelled, 
*'  is  able  to  bring  to  pafs. — I  afFure  you  this  whole  realm  is 
•♦  in  a  miferable  cafe.  If  the  Queen  our  Sovereign  come 
*'  (hortly  home,  the  dangers  be  evident  and   many  ;  and  if 

"  fhe    fhall  not   come,  it  is  not  without  great   peril : 

<'  yea,  what  is  not  to  be  feared  in  a  realm  lacking  lawful  go- 
"  vernment  i  It  is  now  more  than  two  years  pafl  that  we 
**  have  lived  in  a  manner  without  any  regiment ;  which  when 
<«  I  confider  foractimes  with  myfelf,  I  marvel  from  whence 
**  doth  proceed  the  quietncfs  we  prefently  enjoy,  the  like 
*•  whereof,  I  think,  all  circumflances  being  weighed,  was 
•*  never  feen  in  any  realm.  It  would  feem  irapoffible  that 
**  any  people  could  fo  long  be  contained  in  order  without 
•:'  fear  of  punifhraent,  and  ftrid  execution  of  the  laws;  and 
<*  indeed  I  cannot  by  fearching  find  out  any  probable  reafon, 

but 


OF   RELIGION   IN   SCOTLAND.  269 

terefts  was  anounced  to  them.  This  event  was  Book  iil 
the  death  of  Francis  II.  The  tie  which  knit  Scot-  ^"^^^T 
land  to  France  was  thus  broken.  A  new  fcene 
of  politics  difplayed  itfelf.  Catharine  de  Medi* 
CIS,  the  Queen  Mother,  ruled  Charles  IX.  and 
was  the  perfonal  enemy  of  the  Queen  of  Scots. 
The  power  and  the  credit  which  Mary  had  lent 
to  her  uncles,  and  the  frequent  and  humiliating 
difappointmeats  which  the  Queen  Mother  had 
fufFered  from  her  influence  over  Francis,  were 
now  repaid  with  a  ftudied  indilTerence  and  neglect. 
In  the  full  perfe£lion  of  her  charms,  with  two 
crowns  upon  her  head,  and  looking  towards  a 
a  third,  flie  felt  herfelf  to  be  without  grandeur 
and  without  confequence.  Leaving  a  court 
where  (he  had  experienced  all  the  moll  exquifite 
enjoyments  of  which  humanity  is  fufceptible,  flie 
retired  to  Rheims  *,  to  know  and  to  indulge  in. 
the  exacerbation  of  mifery  and  forrow.  Her 
eyes,  not  the  lefs  beautiful  for  having  wept,  were 

con- 


*•  but  only  that  it  has  pleafcd  the  goodnefs  of  God  to  give 
•♦  this  glory  to  his  truth  preached  among  us ;  but  by  all 
"  worldly  judgment  the  policy  cannot  thus  long  endure  ;  fo 
"  that  for  this  refpeft  her  abfence  to  us  is  moft  pernicious.— 
**  Thus  whether  (he  come  or  not  we  be  in  a  great  ftrait.'*— 
Keith,  Append,  p.  92,  93. 

*  Lb  SLY,  d?  Rcb.  Geft.  Scot.  ap.  Jebb.  p.  2264 


270         HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.  Continually  flooded  with  tears ;  and  in  the  per- 
^^^^  turbed  flate  of  her  native  kingdom,  to  which  flie 
was  foon  to  return,  her  anxious  and  foreboding 
mind,  ingenious  to  prolong  its  woe,  aheady 
anticipated  new  and  hard  conflicts  of  misfortune 
and  difquiet. 


The  efta-         In  the  humiliation  of  their  Queen,  and  in  the 

blilhment  ^  ,  ^~ 

of  the  Pref-  change  produced  in  the  councils  of  France,  the 

byterian 

Church.  Protellants  found  every  poflible  encouragement 
to  proceed  wij:h  vigour  in  the  full  eftablilliment 
of  the  Reformed  do£lrines.  After  the  dilTolving 
of  the  parliament  *,  they  turned  their  thoughts 
and  attention  to  the  plan  of  policy  which  might 
fuit  beil  the  tenets  and  religion  for  which  they 
had  coniended.  The  three  eftates,  amidft  their 
other  tranfaftions,  had  granted  a  commiiTion  to 
Mr  John  Winram,  Mr  John  Spotfwood,  John 
Willocks,  Mr  John  Douglafs,  Mr  John  Row, 
and  John  Knox  f,  to  frame  and  model  a  fchemc 
or  platform  of  ecclefiaflical  government.  They 
were  not  long  in  complying  with  an  order  fo  a- 
greeable  to  them,  and  compofed  what  is  termed 
i/je  Firjl  Book  of  Dijc'ipline ;  in  which  they  ex- 
plained 

*  Knox,  p.  275. 

t  Preface  to  the  Book  of  Difcipline. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  27I 

plained  the  uniformity  and  method  which  ought  book  hi. 
to  be  preferved  concerning  doftrine,  the  admini-  ^^o 
ftration  of  the  facraments,  the  election  and  provi- 
fion  of  miniflers,  and  the  policy  of  the  church. — 
In  performing  this  interefling  bufmefs,  they  had 
chiefly  in  view  the  Reformed  Affembly,  or  the 
religious  eftabHfliment  of  Geneva  *.  They  de-  ,_^ 
parted  in  a  wide  extremity  from  the  fplendour 
and  pomp  of  the  Romifli  forms  and  ceremonies ; 
difdaining  to  flatter  the  fenfes  and  imagination  j 
and  confident  and  fecure  that  the  native  purity 
and  brightnefs  of  their  doftrines  were  fully  fulH- 
cient  to  uphold  them.  All  exterior  greatnefs, 
the  allurement  of  magnificence,  the  charm  of 
painting,  and  the  inchantment  of  mufic,  were  dif- 
regarded,  not  only  as  mean  and  ufelefs  artifices, 
but  as  dangerous  trappings,  which  might  obfcure 
and  degrade  the  interefts  and  dignity  of  truth. — 
They  fought  to  revive  the  plainnefs  and  fincerity 
of  primitive  times.  All  the  functions  of  religion 
were  to  be  performed  by  minifl:ers  ele£led  by  the 
people,  and  by  fuperintendents  who  prefided  over 
particular  difl:ri£ls  f.  By  thefe  no  charge  was  ar- 
rogated 

*  Spotswood,  p.  174. 

t  Book  of  Difcipline,  ap.   Cclkaion  of  Confeffions  of 
Faith,  vol.  ii. 


272  HISTORY   OF    THE    REFORMATION 


Book  III.   rogatcd  in  fecular  affairs.     Too  humble  for  am- 
,^6o_      bition,  and  undillrafted  with  legiflative  concerns, 
they  were  left  in  the  fuUefl  leifure  to  attend  to 
apoftolic  cares. 


January  17,       A  CONVENTION  of  the  cflatcs  pavc  its  fan6lion 
1561.  *=* 

to  the  Prefbyterian  fcheme  of  government.     But 

while  the  Book  of  Difcipline  fketched  out  a  policy 
fo  beautiful  for  its  fimplicity,  it  yet  required  that 
the  patrimony,  and  the  rich  poffeJTions  of  the  an- 
cient church,  lliould  be  allotted  to  the  new  efta- 
bliftiment.  The  reformers,  however,  fo  fuccefs- 
ful  in  the  doctrines  and  the  policy  they  had  pro- 
pofed,  were  here  infinitely  unfortunate.  This 
convention  of  the  eftates  did  not  pay  a  more  re- 
fpe6lful  regard  to  this  propofal,  than  the  celebra- 
ted parliament  had  done,  which  demoliflied  the 
mafs,  and  the  jurifdi(^ion  of  the  fee  of  Rome, 
They  affecled  to  confider  it  as  no  better  than  a 
dream.  The  exprelHon,  a  devout  imagination, 
was  applied  to  it  in  mockery  j  and  it  was  not  till 
after  long  and  painful  fhruggles,  that  the  new  e- 
flablifliment  was  able  to  procure  to  itfelf  a  be- 
coming and  neceffary  provifion  and  fupport.  The 
Romiili  clergy  were  flrenuous  to  continue  in  their 
f  ofleiTions,  and  to  profit  by  them  J  and  the  no- 
bles and  the  laity  having  feized  upon  great  pro- 
portions 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  273 

portions  of  the  property  of  the  church,  were  no    Book  hi. 
lefs  anxious  to  retain  the  acquifitions  they  had      j^^,,. 
made  *. 

The  averfion  entertained  from  bellowing  rich-  An  Envoy 
€S  upon  the  Prefbyterian  eftabhfhment,  encoura-  France. 
ged  the  ardour  which  prevailed  for  advancing  all 
the  other  views  and  interefts  of  the  Reformed. 
And  this  end  was  alfo  promoted  *in  no  inconfider- 
able  degree,  by  the  infidious  policy  of  Catharine 
de  Medicis.     She  was  willing  to  encreafe  and  to 
foiler  all  the  difficulties  and  dangers  in  the  fitua- 
tion  of  the  Queen  of  Scots  and  her  fubjefts.    Up- 
on this  account,  flie  had  engaged  Charles  IX.  to 
difpatch  Monfieur  Noailles  to  the  Scottifli  parlia-  ' 
ment,  to  urge  it  in  flrong  terms  to  renew  the  an- 
cient league  between  the  two  kingdoms,  to  diiTolve 
the  alliance  with  England,  and  to  re-eftabliili  over 
Scotland  the  Popifh  doftrines  and  the  Popifli  cler- 
gy.    A  new  meeting  of  theeftates  wasaflembled.  May, 
which  confidered  thefe  ftrange  requifitions,  and 
treated  them  with  the  indignation  they  merited. 
Monfieur  Noailles  was  inflrudled   to  inform  his 
fovereign,  that  France  having  a^led  with  cruelty 
and  perfidioufnefs  towards  the  Scots,  by  attacking 
N  n  their 


*  Knox,  p.  276. 


274  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  HI.  their  indepeiidcncy  and  liberties,  under  the  cover 
^y^  and  pretence  of  amity  and  marriage,  did  not  de- 
ferve  to  know  them  any  longer  as  an  ally ;  that 
principles  of  jiiftice,  a  love  of  probity,  and  a  high 
fenfe  of  gratitude,  did  not  permit  the  Scottilh  par- 
liament to  break  the  confederacy  with  England, 
which  had  generoufly  protected  their  country  a- 
gainft  the  tyrannical  views  of  the  French  court, 
and  the  treacherous  machinations  of  the  Houfe 
of  Guife  ;  and  that  they  were  never  to  acknow- 
cdge  the  Popifli  clergy  to  be  an  order  of  men,  or 
the  legal  pofTefTors  of  the  patrimony  of  the  church; 
fnice,  having  aboliflied  the  power  of  the  Pope, 
and  renounced  his  doctrines,  they  could  bellow 
no  favour  or  countenance  upon  his  vafl'als  and 
fervants  *, 

f  nai  '^^  ^^^^  council  of  the  eilates  a  new  fupplication 

dfOruaion  ^yj^g  prefented  by  the  Proteftants.  They  depart- 
ed  from  the  high  claim  which  they  had  made  for 
the  riches  and  patrimony  of  the  Popiili  church , 
and  it  was  only  requefled  by  them,  that  a  reafor- 
able  or  decent  provifion  fliould  be  alloted  to  the 

true 


*  BucRANAN,  Hifl.  Rcr.  Sect.  lib.  xvii.     Knoj;,  p.  2S0, 
!94' 


fl cries,  anti 
of  theotJur 
nioiiumtnts 
of  Popery. 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  275 

true  preachers  of  the  gofpel*.     This  apphcation,    r.aoK  iif. 
however,  no  lefs  than  their  former  exorbitant  de-    ^^-^y^*^ 

'  Ij6i. 

raand,  was  treated  with  negle£l  and  indifference. 
But  amidll  the  anxiety  manifefted  by  the  nobles, 
and  the  tenants  of  the  crown,  to  hold  the  Pref- 
byterlan  clergy  in  fubje£lion  and  in  poverty,  they 
difcovered  the  warmed  zeal  for  the  extenfion  and 
continuance  of  the  Reformed  opinions.  For  in 
this  fupplication  of  the  Proteflants,  an  ardent  de- 
fire  being  intimated  and  urged,  that  all  the  monu- 
ments of  idolatry  which  remained  fliould  be  utter- 
ly deftroyed,  the  fulleil  and  moft  unbounded  ap- 
probation was  given  to  it.  An  a£t  accordingly 
was  paiTed,  which  commanded  that  every  abbey 
church,  every  cloifler,  and  every  memorial  what- 
foever  of  Popery,  ftiould  be  finally  overthrown  and 
demoliflied  :  and  the  care  of  this  cruel,  but  popu- 
lar employment,  was  committed  to  thofe  perfons 
who  were  moft  remarkable  for  their  keennefs  and 
ardour  in  the  work  of  the  Reformation.  Its  exe- 
cution in  the  weftern  counties  was  given  in  charge 
to  the  Earls  of  Arran,  Argyle,  and  Glencairn ; 
the  Lord  James  Stuart  attended  to  it  in  the  more 
northern  diftricls ;  and  in  the  inland  divifions  of 
the  country,  it  was  intruded  to  the  barons  in  whom 
N  n  2  the 

s- .r ■•::.■■:•  ■  '  _     1     ,  ■■■    . ■-: 

*  Knox,  p.  282, 


ayS  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  III.  tlic  Congregation  had  the  greatefl:  confidence.  A 
^^^p^^  dreadful  devaftation  enfued.  The  populace,  arm- 
ed with  authority,  fpread  their  ravages  over  the 
kingdom.  It  was  deemed  an  execrable  lenity  to 
fpare  any  fabric  or  place  where  idolatry  had  been 
exercifed.  The  churches  and  religious  houfes 
were  everywhere  defaced,  or  pulled  to  the  ground; 
and  their  furniture,  utenfils,  and  decorations,  be- 
came the  prizes  and  the  property  of  the  invader. 
Even  the  fepulchres  of  the  dead  were  ranfacked 
and  violated.  The  libraries  of  the  ecclefiaftics, 
and  the  regifters  kept  by  them  of  their  own  tranf- 
aftions,  and  of  civil  affairs,  were  gathered  mto 
heaps,  and  committed  to  the  flames.  Religious 
antipathy,  the  fan(5lion  of  law,  the  exhortation  of 
the  clergy,  the  hope  of  fpoil,  and,  above  all,  the 
ardour  to  put  the  laft  hand  to  the  Reformation, 
concurred  to  drive  the  rage  of  the  people  to  its 
wildefl  fury ;  and,  in  the  midil  of  havock  and 
calamity,  the  new  ellablifliment  furveyed  its  im- 
portance and  lis  power  *. 

Conciufion.  I  HAVE  tlius  endcavourcd  to  defcribe  the  rife, 
progrefs,  and  eftablifliment  of  the  Reformation 
in  Scotland  j  employing  a  narrative  which  aims 

at 

*  Spotswood,  p.  175.     Keith,  p.  503.     Knox,  p.  294, 


OF    RELIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.  1'J'J 


at  fimplicity,  and  which  is  ambitious  to  record    Book  iii. 
the  truth.     From  the  order  and  the  laws  of  our  ^T^ 
nature  it  perpetually  happens  that  advantages  are 
mixed  with  misfortune.     The  confli£ls  which  led 
to   a   purer  religion,   while  they  excite,   under 
one  afpe£i:,  the  livelieft  tranfports  of  joy,  create, 
in  another,  a  mournful  fentiment  of  fympathy 
and  compaffion.    Amidfl  the  felicities  which  were 
obtained,  and  the  trophies  which  were  won,  we 
deplore  the  melancholy  ravages  of  the  palfions, 
and  weep  over  the  ruins  of  ancient  magnificence. 
But  while  the  contentions  and  the  ferments  of 
men,  even  in  the  road  to  improvements  and  ex- 
cellence are  ever  deftined  to  be  poluted  with  mif- 
chief  and  blood,  a  tribute  of  the  highefl  panegy» 
ric  and  praife  is  yet  juflly  to  be  paid  to  the  aflors 
in  the  Reformation.      They    gave   way    to  the 
movements  of   a  liberal  and  a    refolute    fpirit. 
They  taught  the  rulers  of  nations,  that  the  obe- 
dience of  the  fubjeft  is  the  child  of  juflice,  and 
that  men  mull  be  governed  by  their  opinions  and 
their  reafon.     Their  magnanimity  is  illuftrated  by 
great  and  confpicuous  exploits ;    which  at  the 
fame  time  that  they  awaken  admiration,  are  an 
example  to  fupport  and  animate  virtue  in  the  hour 
of  trial  and  peril.     The  exiftence  of  civil  liberty 
was  deeply    connefted  with    the    doctrines  for 

which 


278  HISTORY    OF    THE    REFORMATION 

Book  III,  wlilch  they  contended  and  fought.  While  they 
^y^  treated  with  fcorn  an  abje<ft  and  a  cruel  fuperili- 
tlon,  and  lifted  and  fublimed  the  dignity  of  man, 
by  calling  his  attention  to  a  fimpler  and  a  wifcr 
'  theology,  they  were  flrenuous  to  give  a  perma- 
nent fecurity  to  the  political  conflitutlon  of  their 
'  ftate.  The  happleft  and  the  bed  interefts  of  fo- 
ciety  were  the  objefts  for  which  thev  buckled  on 
their  armour ;  and  to  wiiTi  and  to  aft  for  their 
duration  and  (lability  are  perhaps  the  moil  import- 
ant employments  of  patriotifm  and  public  affec- 
tion. The  Reformation  may  fuffer  fluftuations 
in  its  forms ;  but,  for  the  good  and  the  profperi- 
ty  of  mankind,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  is  never 
to  yield  and  to  fubmit  to  the  errors  and  the  fu- 
perllitions  which  it  overwhelmed ;  that  it  is  to 
guard  with  anxiety  againfl  their  advances,  to  be 
fcrupuloully  jealous,  and  to  take  an  early  alarm. 
In  this  enlightened  age  of  philofophy  and  reflec- 
tion it  is  difllcult  indeed  to  be  conceived  that  any 
ferious  attempts  to  edablKh  them  iliall  be  made  ; 
yet,  if  by  fome  faialty  in  human  afliiirs,  fuch  en- 
.  deavours  ihould  a£lualiy  be  tried,  and  fliould  fuc- 
ceed,  it  may  be  concluded,  without  the  poilibiiity 
.  of  a  doubt,  that  all  the  boafted  freedom  which 
the  Reformation  has  follered  would  then  perifh. 
for  ever.     The  fentiment  of  liberty,  and  the  iire 

of 


OF    RliLIGION    IN    SCOTLAND.             279 
•'—  ■  -  

of  heaven  which  our  flithers  tranfmitted  to  their  book  hi. 
poflerity,  would  expire  and  be  extinguifhed.  — —  ^'''Y'^'^ 
Men  would  know  the  debafement  of  fcrvility, 
and  forget  the  honours  of  their  kind.  They 
Avould  renounce  their  natural,  their  religious,  and 
their  political  rights  ;  and  be  contented  to  creep 
upon  the  earth,  to  lick  its  dufl,  and  to  adore  the 
caprices  and  the  power  of  a  tyrant. 


A  COL- 


COLLECTION 

OF     THE 

PRINCIPAL   RECORDS 

CONCERNING  THE 

ESTABLISHMENT 

OF     THE 

REFORMATION  IN  SCOTLAND. 


O  o 


(     283     ) 


APPENDIX. 

No.  I. 

A^  allowing  the  Bible  to  be  read  in  the 
'vulgar  tongue  *. 

ARTICLE    I. 

ANENT  the  writting  gevin  in  be  Robert 
Lord  Maxwell,  in  prefens  of  my  Lord 
Governour  and  Lordis  of  Articklis,  to  be  avifit 
by  theim,  gif  the  famin  be  reafonable  or  not,  of 
the  quhilk  the  tenor  foUowis :  It  is  flatute  and 
ordanit,  that  it  fal  be  lefull  to  all  our  Soverane 
Ladyis  liegis  to  haif  the  Haly  Writ,  to  wit,  the 
New  Teftament  and  Auld,  in  the  vulgar  toung, 
in  Inglis  or  Scottis,  of  ane  gude  and  true  tranlla- 
tioun ;  and  that  thei  fal  incur  na  crimes  for  the 
hefing  and  reading  of  the  famin,  providing  al- 
wayis  that  nae  man  difpute  or  hald  oppinzeonis, 
under  the  painis  contenit  in  the  afts  of  parlia- 
ment. The  Lordis  of  Articklis  beand  avifit  with 
O  o     2  the 


*  Introduction  to  Sir  Ralph  Sadler's  Letters  and  Nc- 
§;ociatioiis, 


284  APPENDIX. 

■■       I'      ~  • 'i"  I     '  "  '  I'lC 

the  faid  writting,  finds  the  famin  refonable ;  and 
therefore  thinkis  that  the  famin  may  be  ufit  a* 
mangis  all  the  lieges  of  this  realm,  in  cure  vulgar 
toung,  of  ane  gude,  true,  and  juft  tranflatioun, 
becaufe  there  was  na  law  (liewin  nor  producit  in 
the  contrair ;  and  that  nanc  of  oure  Soverane 
Ladyis  lieges  incur  ony  crimes  for  haifing  or  re- 
ding of  the  famin,  in  form  as  faid  is,  nor  fall  be 
accufit  therefore  in  time  coming ;  and  that  na  per- 
fonis  difpute,  argou  or  hald  oppunionis  of  the 
famin,  under  the  faidis  painis  contenit  in  the  fore- 
faides  a^is  of  parliament. 

ARTICLE     It, 

Proclamation  of  the  a6i  allowing  the  Bible  to  Be 

read  in  the  vulgar  tongue, 

GUBERNATOR. 

CLERK  of  Regifter,  it  is  our  will,  and  we 
charge  zou,  that  ze  gar  proclaim  this  day,  at  the 
Marcat  Crofs  of  Edinburgh,  the  aftis  made  in 
oure  Soverane  Ladyis  parliament,  that  fuld  be 
proclamit  and  givin  flirth  to  her  lieges ;  and  in 
fpeciale,  the  aft  made  for  having  the  New  Tefla- 
ment  in  vulgar  toung,  with  certain  additionis ;  and 
therefter  gif  furth  the  copys  therof  aftentick, 
as  efferis,  to  all  thaim  that  will  defyre  the  faymn; 

and 


APPENDIX.  285 

and  infert  this  our  command  and  charge  in  the 
bukis  of  parUament,  for  zoure  warrant,  fubfcribit 
with  our  hand,  at  Edinburgh,  the  xix  day  of 
Marche,  the  year  of  God  Jai  vc  and  xlii  yeris. 

JAMES  G, 

No.  II. 
Thefrji  Covenant  of  the  Protejiants  in  Scotland  *. 

WE,  perceiving  how  fathan,  in  his  members 
the  antichrifls  of  our  time,  cruelly  do  rage,  feek- 
ing  to  overthrow  and  to  deftroy  the  Gofpel  of 
Chrift  and  his  congregation,  ought,  according  to 
our  bounded  duty,  to  ftrive,  in  our  Mailer's  caufe, 
even  unto  the  death,  being  certain  of  the  victory 
in  him.  The  which  our  duty  being  well  confider- 
ed,  we  do  promife,  before  the  Majeftie  of  God, 
and  his  Congregation,  that  we  (by  his  grace) 
fliall  with  all  diligence  continually  apply  our 
whole  power,  fubftance,  aud  our  very  lives,  to 
maintain,  fet  forward,  and  eftablifli,  the  mod 
bleffed  word  of  God,  and  his  congregation  ;  and 
fliall  labour,  at  our  polTibility,  to  have  faithful 
maflers,  truly  and  purely  to  minifler  Chrift's 
Gofpel  and  Sacraments  to  his  people :  we  fliall 

maintain 

■  II  I    '- 

*  Knox, 


286  APPENDIX. 

maintain  them,  nourifli  them,  and  defend  them, 
the  whole  congregation  of  Chrift,  and  every  mem- 
ber thereof,  at  our  whole  powers,  and  waging  of 
our  lives,  againfl  fathan  and  all  wicked  power 
that  doth  intend  tyranny  or  trouble  againfl  the 
forefaid  Congregation.  Unto  the  which  holy 
word  and  Congregation  we  do  joyne  us ;  and  fo 
do  forfake  and  renounce  the  congregation  of  fa- 
than, with  all  the  fuperfitious  abomination  and 
idolatry  thereof;  and  moreover  fliall  declare  our- 
felves  manifeflly  enemies  thereto,  by  this  our 
faithful  promife  before  God,  teflified  to  his  Con- 
gregation, by  our  fubfcription  at  thefe  prefents. — 
At  Edinburgh,  the  3d  day  of  December  1557 
years. — God.  called  to  witnefs.  A.  Earl  of  Ar- 
gyle.  Glcncarne.  Mortoun.  Archibald  Lord  of 
Lome.  John  Erlldne  of  Dun,  kc. 

No.  m.  * 

ARTICLE     I. 

T/jc  craiion  and  petition  of  the  Prctejlants  of  Scot- 
land  to  the  ^een  Regent. 

ALBEIT  we  have  of  long  time  contayned  our 
felves  in  that  modeflie,  molt  noble  PrincelTe,  that 

neither 

^'-  KsOK. 


APPENDIX.  287 

neither  by  exile  of  body,  lolTe  of  goods,  nor  pe- 
rifliing  of  this  mortall  life,  was  able  to  convene 
us,  to  allce  at  your  grace  reformation,  and  re- 
drefs  of  thofe  wrongs,  and  of  that  fore  griefe  pa- 
tiently borne  of  us,  in  bodies  and  minds,  of  long 
time  ;  yet  are  wc  nowe,  of  very  confcience,  and 
by  the  feare  of  our  God,  compelled  to  crave,  at 
your  Grace's  feet,  remedy  againil  the  raofl  un- 
jufl  tyrannic,  ufed  againfl:  your  Grace's  m.oil  o- 
bedient  fubjeds,  by  thofe  that  be  called  the  Eftate 
Ecclefiaflical.  Your  Grace  cannot  be  ignorant, 
wliat  controverfie  hath  bin,  and  yet  is,  concern- 
ing the  true  religion,  and  right  worfliip  of  God  ; 
and  how  the  clergie  (as  they  will  be  termed)  u- 
lurpe  to  themfelues  fuch  empire  above  the  con- 
fciences  of  men,  that  whatfoever  they  command, 
mufl  be  obeyed  ;  and  whatfoever  they  forbid, 
muft  be  avoyded,  without  farder  refpeft  to  God's 
pleafure,  commaundement,  or  will  revealed  to  us 
in  his  mofl  holy  worde^;  or  elfe  there  abideth  no- 
thing for  us,  but  fagot,  fire,  and  fword.  By  the 
which  many  of  our  brethren,  m.oft  cruelly  and 
moft  unjuftly  have  bin  ftricken  of  late  years 
within  this  realme  ;  which  nowe  we  fmde  to  trou- 
ble and  wounde  our  confciences.  For  we  ac- 
knowledge it  to  have  bene  our  bounden  duties 
before  God,  cither  to  have  defended  our  brethren 

from 


28S  A  PT  E  N  D  I  X. 

— * 

from  thofe  cruel  murtherers,  (feeing  we  are  a 
parte  of  that  power  which  God  hath  eflabUflied 
in  this  realme)  or  elfe  to  have  given  open  teftifi- 
cation  of  our  fayth  with  them.  Which  now  we 
offer  our  felves  to  doe,  left:  that  by  our  continuall 
iilence,  we  fliall  feeme  to  juft:ifie  their  cruell  ty- 
rannic :  which  doth  not  only  difpleafe  us  ;  by 
your  Grace's  wifdome  moft  prudentlie  doth  fore- 
fee,  that  for  the  quieting  of  this  intefline  diffen- 
tion,  a  publice  reformation,  as  well  in  the  reli- 
gion, as  in  the  temporall  government,  were  mofl 
neceffarie.  And  to  the  performance  thereof, 
moft:  gravely  and  mofl  godly  (as  we  are  inform- 
ed) ye  have  exhorted,  as  well  the  clergie  as  the 
nobilitie,  to  employ  their  fludie,  diligence,  and 
care.  We  therefore  of  confcience  dare  no  long- 
er diffemble  in  fo  weighty  a  matter,  which  con- 
cerneth  the  glorie  of  God,  and  our  falvation  : — 
neither  now  dare  we  withdrawe  our  prefence,  or 
counfell,  or  petitions,  left  that  the  adverfaries 
hereafter  fliall  objeft  to  us,  that  place  was  graunt- 
ed  for  reformation,  and  yet  no  man  fued  for  the 
fame  j  and  fo  fliall  our  filence  be  prejudiciall  un» 
to  us  in  time  to  come.  And  therefore  we,  know- 
ing no  other  order  placed  in  this  realme,  but  your 
Grace  and  your  grave  counfel  fet  to  amend,  as 
well  the  diforder  eccleiiaftical,  as  the  defaults  in 

the 


APPENDIX.  289 

the  temporal  regiment,  moft  humblie  proflrate 
our  felves  before  your  feete,  alking  juftice,  and 
your  gracious  help,  againft  them  that  falfelie  tra- 
duce and  accufe  us,  as  that  we  were  heretikes  and 
fchifmatikes,  under  that  colour  feeking  our  de- 
{lru£lion ;  for  that  we  feeke  the  amendment  of 
their  corrupted  lives,  and  Chriftes  religion  to  be 
rcflored  to  the  originall  puritie.  Farther  we 
crave  of  your  Grace,  with  open  and  patent  eares 
to  hear  thofe  our  fubfequent  requefts  j  and  to  the 
joy  and  fatlsfa^lion  of  our  troubled  confciences, 
mercifuUie  to  graunt  the  fame,  vnlefs  by  God's 
playne  word  anie  be  able  to  prove,  that  juflly  they 
ought  to  be  denied. 

ARTICLE  IIo 

The  particular  Demands  of  the  Protejiaiiis* 

FIRST,  humbly  we  afk,  That  as  we  have  by 
the  lawes  of  this  realme,  after  long  debate  obtain- 
ed to  read  the  holy  books  of  the  Old  and  New 
Teftament,  in  our  vulgar  tongue,  as  fpirituall  food 
to  our  foules :  fo  from  henceforth  it  may  be  law- 
full,  that  we  may  meet  publikely  or  privately  to 
our  Common-Prayers  in  our  vulgar  tongue,  to, 
the  end  that  we  may  increafe  and  grow  in  knov/- 
P  P  ledge, 


290  APPENDIX. 


ledge,  and  be  induced  by  fervent  and  oft  prayer, 
to  commend  to  God  the  holy  univerfall  church, 
the  Queen  our  Soveraigne,  her  honourable  and 
gracious  hufband,  the  abilitie  of  their  fucceflion, 
your  Majeftie  Regent,  the  nobilitie,  and  whole 
flate  of  this  realme. 

Secondly,  If  it  fliould  happen  in  our  faid 
meetings  any  hard  place  of  fcripture  to  be  read, 
of  which,  without  explanation,  hardly  can  arife 
any  profit  to  the  hearers,  that  it  fliall  be  lawfull 
to  any  qualified  perfon  in  knowledge,  being  pre- 
fent,  to  interpret  and  open  up  the  faid  hard 
places,  to  God's  glory,  and  to  the  profit  of  the 
auditory.  And  if  any  thinke  this  libertie  Ihould 
be  occafion  of  confufion,  debate  or  herefie,  we 
are  content  that  it  be  provided  that  the  faid  inter- 
pretation lliall  underly  the  judgment  of  the  godly, 
and  mofl  learned  within  the  realme  at  this  time. 

Thirdly,  That  the  holy  Sacrament  of  bap- 
tifme  may  be  ufed  in  the  vulgar  tongue,  that  the 
god-fathers  and  wltnefiTes  may  not  onely  under- 
fland  the  points  of  the  league  and  contraft  made 
betwixt  God  and  the  infant,  but  alfo  that  the 
church  then  affembled,  more  gravely  may  be  in- 
formed and  inftrudted,  of  their  duties,  which  at  all 

times 


APPENDIX.  291 


times  they  owe  to  God,  according  to  the  promife 
made  unto  him,  when  they  were  received  into  his 
houlliold  by  the  lavacre  of  the  fpirituall  regenera- 
tion. 

Fourthly,  We  defife  that  the  holy  facra- 
ment  of  the  Lord's  Supper  or  of  his  blefled  body 
and  blood  may  Hkewife  be  miniftred  unto  us  in 
the  vulgar  tongue,  and  in  both  kindes,  according 
to  the  plaine  inftitution  of  our  Saviour  Chrifl  Jefus. 

And  laflly.  We  moft  humbly  require,  that  the 
wicked,  fianderous,  and  deteflable  life  of  prelats, 
and  of  the  (late  ecclefiaflicall,  may  be  reformed, 
that  the  people  by  them  have  not  occafion  (as  of 
many  dayes  they  have  had)  to  contemne  their 
minifterie,  and  the  preaching,  whereof  they  fliould 
be  meifengers.  And  if  they  fufpeft  that  we  ra- 
ther envying  their  honours,  or  coveting  their  rich- 
es and  polTeirions,  then  zealoufly  defiring  their 
amendment  and  falvation,  do  travell  and  labour 
for  this  reformation  :  we  are  content,  that  not 
only  the  rules  and  precepts  of  the  New  Tefta^ 
mcnt,  but  alfo  the  writings  of  the  ancient  fathers, 
and  the  godly  and  approved  lawes  of  Juftinian  tliQ 
Emperor,  decide  the  controverlie  between  us  and 
theoi.  And  if  it  fliould  be  found,  that  either 
P  p    2  malevolently 


39*  APPENDIX. 

malevolently  or  ignorantly  we  alke  more  then 
thcfe  three  forenamed  have  required,  and  conti- 
nually do  require  of  able  and  true  minifters  in 
Chrifl's  church,  we  refufe  not  correftion,  as  your 
Majeflie  with  right  judgment  fhall  think  meet. 
But  if  all  the  forenamed  ftiali  condemne  that 
which  we  condemne,  and  approve  that  which  we 
require ;  then  we  muft  earneftly  befeech  your 
Majeflie,  that  notwithftanding  the  long  cuftome 
which  they  have  had  to  live  at  their  luft,  that  they 
be  compelled  either  to  defift  from  ecclefiafticall 
adminiftration,  or  to  difcharge  their  duties  as  be- 
Cometh  true  minifters.  So  that  the  grave  and 
godly  face  of  the  primitive  church  reduced,  igno- 
rance may  be  expelled ;  treue  do£^rine  and  goo^ 
manners  may  once  againe  appeare  in  the  church  in 
this  realme.  Thefe  things  we  as  mofl  obedient 
fubjefts,  require  of  your  Majeflie,  in  the  name  of 
the  eternall  God,  and  his  Son  Chrifl  Jefus,  in 
prefence  of  whofe  throne  judiciall,  ye,  and  all 
other  that  heere  in  earth  beareth  authority  fliaH 
give  account  of  your  temporall  regiment.  The 
fpirit  of  the  Lord  Jefus  move  your  MajeHies  heart 
tp  juHi^c  and  equity. 


i^o; 


APPENDIX.  293 


No.  IV, 

l^he  Petition;  which  the  Pvotejiants  intended  1q 
prefent  t»  parliaJiient  *. 

FIRST,  Seeing  that  the  controverfie  in  religioQ 
which  hath  long  continued  betwixt  the  Protef- 
tants  of  Almany,  Helvetia,  and  other  provinces ; 
and  the  Papifticall  church  is  not  yet  decided  by  a 
lawfull  and  generall  counfell :  and  feeing  that  our 
confciences  are  likewife  touched  with  the  fear  of 
God,  as  was  theirs  in  the  beginning  of  their  con- 
troverfie, we  moft  humbly  defire,  that  all  fuch  a£l$ 
of  parliament  as  in  the  time  of  darkneffe  gave 
power  to  the  church-men  to  execute  their  tyran- 
nie  againfl  us,  by  reafon  that  we  to  them  were 
declared  hereticks,  may  be  fufpended  and  abrogat- 
ed, till  a  generall  counfell  lawfully  aflembled,  have 
decided  all  controverfies  in  religion.  And  lefl 
that  this  mutation  fliould  fcem  to  fet  all  men  at 
liberty  to  live  as  they  lift,  we  fecondarily  require 
that  it  be  enabled  by  this  prefent  parliament,  that 
the  prelats  and  their  officers  be  removed  from  the 
place  of  judgement,  onely  granting  unto  them 

neverthele|J5 

*  Spotswood.     Knox, 


^94  APPENDIX. 


nevertheleiTe  the  place  of  accufators  in  the  pre*, 
fence  of  a  temporal  judge  j  before  whom  the 
church-men  accufators  fhall  be  bounden  to  call 
any  by  them  accufed  ofherefie:  to  whom  alfo 
they  fliall  be  bounden  to  deliver  an  authenticke 
copy  of  all  depofitions,  accufations,  and  procelTe 
laid  againft  any  perfon  accufed.  The  judge  like- 
wife  delivering  the  fame  to  the  parlie  accufed, 
alTigning  unto  him  a  competent  terme  to  anfwer 
to  the  fame,  after  he  hath  taken  fufficient  caution. 
De  judicio  fifti* 

Thirdly,  We  require,  that  all  lawfull  defen- 
ces be  granted  to  the  perfon  accufed  ;  as,  if  he  be 
able  to  prove  that  the  witnefles  be  perfons  unable 
by  law  to  teftifie  againfl  him,  that  then  their  ac- 
cufations and  depofitions  be  null,  according  to 
juflice. 

Item,  That  place  he  granted  to  the  party  ac- 
cufed to  explain  and  interpret  his  owne  minde  and 
meaning  •,  which  confeflion  we  require  be  inferted 
in  publicke  a£ts,  and  be  preferred  to  the  depofition 
of  any  witneife,  feeing  that  none  ought  to  fuffer 
for  religion,  that  is  not  found  obflinatein  his  dam- 
nable opinion. 

Lastly^ 


APPENDIX, 


29^ 


Lastly,  We  require  that  our  brethren  be  not 
condemned  for  hereticks,  unlefTe  by  the  manifefl 
word  of  God  they  be  convinced  to  have  erred  from 
that  faith  which  the  Holy  Spirit  witnefleth  to  be 
necelTary  to  falvation  :  and  if  fo  they  be^  we  re- 
fufe  not  but  that  they  be  puniihed  according  to 
juflice;  unleffeby  wholefome  admonition  they  can 
be  reduced  to  a  better  minde. 

These  things  require  we  to  be  confidered  of 
by  you,  who  are  in  the  place  of  the  eternal  God 
(who  is  God  of  order  and  truth)  even  in  fuch  fort, 
as  ye  will  anfwer  in  prefence  of  his  throne  judici- 
all :  requiring  further,  that  favourably  you  would 
have  refpeft  to  the  tendernefle  of  our  confciences, 
and  to  the  trouble  which  appeareth  to  follow  in 
this  commonwealth,  if  the  tyranny  of  the  prelates, 
and  of  their  adherents  be  not  bridled  by  God  and 
jufl  lawes.  God  move  your  hearts  deeply  to  con- 
fider  your  owne  duties,  and  our  prefent  troubles. 


Ho^ 


9,g6  A  P  P  E  K  D  I  Xi 


No.  V; 

The  Profejlat'ton  of  the  Protejidnts  upon  therefufal 
of  the  ^een  Regent  to  prefent  their  petitions  to 
parliament  *. 

FIRST  we  proteft.  That  feeing  we  cannot  ob- 
tain a  jufl  reformation  according  to  Gods  word^ 
that  it  be  lawfull  to  us  to  ufe  ourfelves  in  matters 
of  religion  and  confcience,  as  we  mud  anfwer  unto 
God,  unto  fuch  time  as  our  advarfaries  be  able  to 
prove  themfelves  the  true  miniflers  of  Chrifl's 
church,  and  to  purge  themfelves  of  fuch  crimes  as 
we  have  already  laid  to  their  charge,  offering  our 
felves  to  prove  the  fame  whenfoever  the  facred  au- 
thority pleafe  to  give  us  audience^ 

Secondly  we  proteft,*  That  lieither  we,  nor 
yet  any  other  of  the  godly  that  lift  to  joyn  with 
us  in  the  true  faith  which  is  grounded  upon  the 
invincible  word  of  God,  fliall  incur  any  danger  of 
life  or  lands,  or  any  politicall  pain,  for  not  obferv- 
ing  fuch  a£ls  as  heretofore  have  palfed  in  favour 
of  our  adverfaries,  neither  yet  for  violating  of  fuch 

rites 

.  |,_in    I      I  .    ■   I  .    r       '  '  .ir  '   •' 

*  Spotswood,  Knox. 


APPENDIX.  297 

rites  as  man,  without  God's  commandment,  or 
word  hath  commanded. 

We  thirdly  proteft,  That  if  any  tunlult  or  up- 
rore  fliall  arife  amongft  the  members  of  this  reahne 
for  the  diversity  of  religion  ;  and  if  it  fliall  chance 
that  abufes  be  violently  reformed,  that  the  crime 
thereof  be  not  imputed  to  us,  who  mofl  humbly 
do  now  feek  all  to  be  reformed  by  an  order.  But 
rather  whatfoever  inconvenience  fliaU  happen  to 
follow  for  lack  of  order  taken,  that  may  be  impu- 
ted to  thofe  that  do  refufe  the  fame, 

And  lad  we  proteft,  That  thefe  our  requefls, 
proceeding  from  confcience,  do  tend  to  none  other 
end,  but  to  the  reformation  of  abufes  in  religion 
onely  ;  moft  humbly  befeeching  the  facred  autho- 
rity to  take  us  faithfull  and  obedient  fubjects  into 
proteftion  againll  our  adverfaries,  and  to  fliew  un- 
to us  fuch  indifferency  in  our  moft  juft  petition, 
as  it  becometh  God's  Lieutenants  to  do  to  thofe 
that  in  his  name  do  call  for  defence  againft  crueH 
oppreffors,  and  blood-thirfty  tyrants. 


Q^q  No. 


igS  APPENDIX. 


No.  VI. 


ARTICLE    I. 


LETTHR  BY  THE  CONGREGATION  TO  TUE  QUEEN  REGENT*. 

To  the  ^eerCs  Grace  Regent,  all  himible  obedience 
and  duty  promifed. 

AS  heretofore,  with  jeopard  of  our  lives,  and 
yet  with  willing  harts,  we  have  ferved  the  autho- 
rity of  Scotland,  and  your  grace  now  regent  in 
this  realme  in  fervice,  to  our  bodies  dangerous 
and  painfull ;  fo  now  with  mofl  dolorous  mindes^ 
we  are  conftrained,  by  unjufl  tyranny  purpofed 
againfl  us,  to  declare  unto  your  grace,  that  ex- 
cept this  cruelty  be  ftaied  by  your  wifdome,  we 
fliall  be  compelled  to  take  the  fword  of  jufl:  de- 
fence, againft  all  that  fliall  purfue  us  for  the  mat- 
ter of  religion,  and  for  our.confcience  fake;  which 
ought  not,  nor  may  not  be  fubje^l  to  mortall  crea- 
tures, farder  than  by  God's  word,  man  is  able  to 
prove  that  he  hath  power  to  coramaund  us.  We 
fignifie  moreover  to  your  grace,  that  if  by  rigor 
we  be  compelled  to  feek  the  extreme  defence,  that 

we 

*  Knox, 


APPENDIX.  299 


we  will  not  only  notifie  our  innocencie  and  peti- 
tions to  the  King  of  France,  to  our  miftrefle  and 
to  her  hufband ;  but  alfo  to  the  Princes  and  coun- 
iell  of  every  Chriflian  realme  ;  declaring  unto 
them,  that  this  cruell,  injufl  and  mofl  tyrannicall 
murder,  intended  againft  townes  and  multitudes, 
was,  and  is  the  only  caufe  of  our  revolt  from  our 
accuftomed  obedience ;  which,  in  God's  prefence, 
we  faithfully  promife  to  our  foveraigne  miflrelTe, 
to  her  hufbande  and  unto  your  grace  regent,  pro- 
vided that  our  confciences  may  live  in  that  peace 
and  liberty,  which  Chrift  Jefus  hath  purchafed  to 
us  by  his  bloud  ;  and  that  we  may  have  his  word 
truly  preached,  and  holy  facraments  rightly  mini- 
ftered  unto  us  ;  without  which,  we  firmly  purpofe 
never  to  be  fubjeft  to  mortal!  man.  For  better 
we  think  to  expone  our  bodies  to  a  thoufand 
deaths,  than  to  hazard  our  fouls  to  perpetual  con- 
demnation, by  denying  Chrifl  Jefus,  and  his  mani- 
feft  verity  ;  which  thing  not  onlie  do  they  com- 
mit open  idolatrie,  but  alfo  all  fuch  as  feing  their 
brethren  purfued  for  the  caufe  of  religion,  and 
having  fufiicient  meanes  to  comfort  and  affifl  them, 
do  neverthelelTe  withdraw  from  them  their  doubt- 
full  fupport.  We  would  not  your  grace  fhould 
be  deceaved  by  the  falfe  perfuafions  of  thofe  cruell 
beads  the  ■  church-men,  who  affirm,  that  your 
Q^q     2  grace 


APPENDIX. 


grace  neadeth  not  greatlle  to  regard  the  lofTe  of 
us  that  profeiTe  Chriil  Jefus  in  this  realme.  If 
(as  God  forbid)  ye  give  ear  to  their  peftilent  coun- 
fel,  and  fo  ufe  againfl  us  this  extremity  pretended  ; 
it  is  to  be  feared,  that  neither  ye,  neither  yet  your 
pofleritie,  fliall  at  any  time  after  this  find  that 
obedience  and  faithful!  fervice  within  this  realme, 
which  at  all  times  you  have  found  in  us.  We 
declare  our  judgements  freely,  as  true  and  faithful! 
fubjecles :  God  move  your  gentle  heart,  favour- 
ably to  interprete  our  faithfull  meaning*  Far- 
ther advertifing  your  Grace,  that  the  felf  fame 
thing,  together  with  all  thinges  that  we  have 
done,  or  yet  intend  to  do,  we  will  notifie  by  our 
letters  to  the  King  of  France  j  asking  of  you,  in 
the  name  of  the  eternall  God,  and  as  your  Grace 
tenders  the  peace  and  quietnes  of  this  realme, 
that  ye  invade  us  not  with  violence,  till  we  re- 
ceave  aunfwer  from  our  maifler  her  hufband, 
and  from  their  advifed  council  ther.  And  this 
wc  commit  your  grace  to  the  prote£lion  of  the 
Omnipotent.  From  Sain£^  Johnflone,  the  22. 
of  May  1559. 

Your  Grace's  obedient  fubjeiftes  in  all  thinges 
not  repugnant  to  God, 
'Hie  faithfull  Congregation  of  Chrifl  Jefus 
in  Scotland. 

ARTICLE 


A  P  Pfe  N  D  I  X.  301 


ARTICLE  II. 

To  the  generation  of  Antichriji^  the  pejlilent  pre- 
lates  and  their  JhaveUnges  *  within  Scotlande, 
the  Congregation  of  Chrijl  Jefus  ivithin  the 
famefayeth^ 

TO  the  end  that  ye  fliall  not  be  abufed,  think- 
ing to  efcape  juft  punifliment,  after  ye,  in  your 
bhnd  farie,  have  caufed  the  bloud  of  manie  to 
be  fliedde,  this  we  notifie  and  declare  Unto  you, 
that  if  ye  proceede  in  this  your  malitioufe  cruel- 
tie,  ye  fliall  be  intreated  wherefoever  ye  fliall  be 
apprehended,  as  murtherers  and  open  enemies  to 
God  and  unto  mankinde  ;  and  therefore  betimes 
cefle  from  this  blind  rage.  Remove  firfl:  from 
your  felves  your  bands  of  bloudie  men  of  warre, 
and  reforme  your  felves  to  a  more  quiet  life  ; 
and  thereafter  mitigate  ye  the  authoritie,  which, 
without  crime  committed  upon  our  part,  ye  have 
enflamed  againft  us :  or  elfe  be  ye  aflured,  that 
with  the  fame  meafure  that  ye  have  meafured 
againft  us,  and  yet  intend  to  meafure  to  others, 
it  fliall  be  meafured  unto  you  ;  that  is,  as 
ye  by  tyrannic  intend  not  only  to  deftroy  our 

bodies, 

-  Priests. 


302  APPEND 


bodies,  but  alfo  by  the  fame  to  hold  our  foules 
In  bondage  of  the.  devill,  fubjed  to  idolatrie,  fo 
iliall  we,  with  all  force  and  power  which  God 
/liall  graunt  unto  us,  execute  jufl  vengeance  and 
punifhment  upon  you :  yea  we  ihall  begin  that 
iame  warre  which  God  commaundeth  Ifrael  to 
execute  againft  the  Cananites ;  that  is,  contraft 
of  peace  fliall  never  be  made,  til  that  ye  defifl 
from  your  open  idolatrie,  and  cruell  perfecution 
of  God*s  children.  And  thus  we  fignifie  unto 
you,  in  the  name  of  the  eternall  God,  and  of  his 
fonne  Chrifl  Jefus,  whofe  veritie  we  profefle,  and 
gofpell  we  have  preached,  and  holy  facraments 
rightly  miniflred,  fo  long  as  God  will  aiTift  us  to 
gainftand  your  idolatrie.  Take  this  for  adver- 
tifement,  and  be  not  deceaved. 

No.  VII. 

The  Second  Covenant.  * 

AT  Perth,  the  laft  day  of  May,  the  year  of 
Good  1 559  years,  the  Congregations  of  the  Weft 
Country,  with  the  Congregations  of  Fyfe,  Perth, 
Dundee,  Angus,  Mearns,  and  Montrofe,  being 
convecned  in  the  town  of  Perth,  in  the  name  of 

Jefus 


♦  Kr 


A  P  P  EN  D  I  X*  305 

Jefus  Chrifl,  for  forth  fetting  of  his  glory,  un- 
derftanding  nothing  more  neceflary  for  the  fame 
than  to  keep  a  conflant  amity,  unity,  and  fellow- 
fliip  together,  according  as  they  are  commaund- 
ed  by  God,  are  confederal,  and  become  bounden 
and  oblift,  in  the  prefence  of  God,  to  concur  and 
afTiil  together,  in  doing  all  things  required  of 
God  in  his  fcripture  that  may  be  to  his  glory ; 
and  at  their  whole  powers  to  deflroy  and  away 
put  all  things  that  doth  diflionour  to  his  name  ; 
fo  that  God  may  be  trewly  and  purely  worfliip- 
ped.  And  in  cafe  that  any  trouble  be  intended 
againfl  the  faid  Congregations,  or  any  part  or 
member  thereof,  the  whole  Congregation  ihall 
concur,  allifl:,  and  conveen  together,  to  the  de- 
fence of  the  fame  Congregation  or  perfon  trou- 
bled ;  and  fliall  not  fpare  labours,  goods,  fub- 
ftance,  bodies,  and  lives,  in  maintaining  the  liber- 
ty of  the  whole  Congregation,  and  every  mem- 
ber thereof,  againfl  whatfoever  power  that  lliall 
intei^id  the  faid  trouble,  for  caufe  of  rehgion,  or 
any  other  caufe  depending  thereupon,  or  lay  to 
their  charge  under,  pretence  thereof,  although  it 
happen  to  be  coloured  with  any  other  outward 
caufe.  In  witneiUng  and  teflimony  of  the  whici;, 
the  whole  Congregations  aforefaid  have  ordained 
and  appointed  the  Noblemen  and  perfons  under- 

v.'rii-tci; 


304  APPENDIX. 


written  to  fubfcribe  thir  prefents.  Arch.  Ar- 
gyle.  James  Stewart.  Glencarne.  R.  Lord 
Bold.  Wchiltree.  Matthew  Campbell  of  Tarm- 
gannar. 

No.  VIII. 

The  truce  or  ajfurance  between  the  ^een  Regent 
and  the  Congregation  *. 

WE  James  Duke  of  Chattellerault,  Earl  of 
Arran,  Lord  Hamiltone,  and. my  Lord  D'Ozel 
Lieutenant  for  the  King  in  thefe  parts,  for  our 
felves,  our  afliftaries  and  partakers,  being  prefent- 
ly  with  us  in  company  ;  by  the  tenor  hereof 
promits,  faithfully  of  honour,  to  my  Lords  Ar- 
chibald Earl  of  Argyle,  and  James  commendator 
of  the  Priorie  of  St  Andrews,  to  their  ajQiftaries 
and  partakers,  being  prefently  with  them  in  com- 
pany ;  that  we  and  our  company  aforefaid  iliall 
retire  incontinent  to  Falkland,  and  fliall  with  di- 
ligence trauiport  the  Frenchmen,  and  our  other 
folks  now  prefently  with  us ;  and  that  no  French- 
man, or  other  foldiers  of  ours,  fliall  remain  with- 
in the  bounds  of  Fyfe,  but  fo  many   as  before 

the 


APPENDIX.  305 


the  raifing  of  the  lafl:  army,  lay  in  Dyfert,  Kirk- 
aldie,  and  Kinghorne  ;  and  the  fame  to  lye  in  the 
fame  places  onlie,  if  we  fliall  think  good.  And 
this  to  have  effect  for  ihe  fpace  of  eight  days  fol- 
lowing the  date  hereof  exclufive,  that  in  the 
mean  time  certain  Noblemen,  by  the  advice  of 
the  Queen's  grace,  and  the  refl  of  the  Council, 
may  convene,  to  talk  of  fuch  things  as  may  make 
good  or^er  and  quyetnes  amongfl  the  Queen's 
lieges.  And  farther,  we  nor  non  of  our  aflifl:- 
aries  being  prefent  with  us,  lliall  invade,  trouble, 
or  difquyet  the  faid  lords  nor  their  affiflaries,  du- 
ring the  faid  fpace.  And  this  we  bind  and'o- 
blige  us,  upon  our  loyal  fidelity  and  honour,  to 
obferve  and  keep  in  every  point  above  written, 
without  fraud  or  guile.  In  witnefs  whereof,  we 
have  fubfcribed  thefe  prefents  with  our  own 
hands,  at  Garle-banke,  the  13.  day  of  June 
1559.  James.  "  The  other  fubfcription  (fays 
Mr  Knox)  we  could  not  reael ;  but  the  fimilie  is 
this,  Meneits." 


Rr  N( 


3o6  APPENDIX, 


No.  IX. 

Proclamation  by  the  S^ieen  Regent  aga'mjl  the 
Congregation  *. 

FRANCIS  and  Marie  by   the  grace  of  God 
King  and  Queen  of  Scots,  Doulphin  and  Doul- 
phinelTe  of  Viennois :  to  our  loved  Lion  King 
of  Anns,  &c.  our  flieriffs  in  that  part,   conjunft- 
ly  and  feverally,  fpecially  conflitute,  greeting.— 
Torafmuch  as  our  dearefl:  mother  Marie,  Queen 
Dowager  regent  of  our  realme,  and  lords  of  our 
fecret  council,    perceiving    the    feditious  tumult 
raifed  by  one  part  of  our  lieges,  naming  them- 
felves  the  Congregation  ;  who,  under  pretence  of 
religion,  have  put  themfelves  in  arms :   and  that 
her   Grace,  for  fatisfying  of  every  man's  con- 
fcience,  and  pacifying  of  the  faid  troubles,  had 
offered  unto  them,  to  affix  a  parliament  to  be 
holden  in  January  next  to  come,  or  fooner  if  they 
had  pleafed,  for  eflablifliing  of  univerfal  order  in 
matters  of  religion,  by  our  advice  and  eflatcs  of 
our  realme  J  and  in  the  mean  time,  to  fuffer  every 
man  to  live  at  liberty  of  confcience,  without  trou- 
ble, 
.'.■''  II .    1  *i  1  .  , , '      ■■'     ■ 

*  Knox.  Keith. 


APPENDIX. 


307 


ble,  unto  the  time  that  the  faid  order  was  taken 
by  advice  of  our  forefaid  eftates.  And  at  laft, 
becaufe  it  appeareth  much  to  (land  upon  our  bo- 
rough of  Edinburgh,  offered  in  like  manner  to 
let  the  inhabitants  thereof  chufe  what  manner  of 
religion  they  would  fet  up  and  ufe  for  that  time  ; 
fo  that  no  man  might  allege  that  he  was  forced 
to  do  againft  hig  ccmfcience.  Which  ofter  the 
Queen's  grace,  our  faid  deareft  mother,  was  at 
all  times,  and  yet  is  ready  to  fulfil.  Neverthe- 
lefs  the  faid  Congregation,  being  of  mind  to  re- 
ceive no  reafonable  oiFers,  hath  fmce  by  open  deed 
declared,  that  it  is  no  religion,  nor  any  thing 
thereto  pertaining,  that  they  feek  ;  but  onlie  the 
fubverfion  of  our  authority,  and  ufurpation  of  our 
crowne  :  in  manifeft  witneffing  whereof,  they  dai- 
ly receive  Englillimen  with  meffages  unto  them, 
and  fendeth  fuch  like  into  England :  and  laft  of 
all,  have  violently  intromitted  with,  taken  and 
yet  with-hold  the  irons  of  our  cunzie-houfe  5 
which  is  one  of  the  chief  points  that  concerneth 
our  crowne :  and  fuch  like  have  intrometted  with 
our  palace  of  Holy-rood-houfe.  Our  will  is  there- 
fore, &c.  that  ye  pafs  to  the  Market  crofs  of  our 
faid  borough  of  Edinburgh,  or  any  other  publick 
place  within  the  fame  ;  and  there  by  open  procla- 
mation, in  our  name  and  authority,  commaund  and 
R  r     2  charge 


308  APPENDIX. 

charge  all  and  fundry  perfons  of  the  faid  Congre- 
gation, or  yet,  being  prefently  within  our  fai(i 
borough,  other  than  the  inhabitants  thereof,  that 
they,  within  fix  hours  next  after  our  faiJ  charge, 
depart  furth  of  the  fame,  under  the  pain  of  trea- 
fon.  And  als,  that  ye  commaund  all  and  fundry 
perfons  to  leave  their  company,  and  adhere  to  our 
authority  ;  with  certification  to  fuch  as  do  the 
contrary,  that  they  Ihall  be  reputed  and  holden 
as  manifefl  traytors  to  our  crowne,  &c. 

No.  X. 

The  anfiuer  of  the  Congregation  to  the  proclamation 
of  the  ^icen  Regent*, 

PLEASE  your  grace  to  be  advertifed,  it  is  come 
to  our  knowledge,  that  your  grace  hath  fett  furth, 
by  your  letters  openlie  proclaimed,  that  we,  cal- 
led by  name  the  Congregation,  under  pretence 
and  colour  of  religion,  convene  together  to  no 
other  purpofe  but  to  ufurp  our  Soveraign's  autho- 
rity, and  to  invade  your  perfon  reprefenting 
theirs  at  this  prefent.  Which  things  appeareth 
to  have  proceeded  of.  finiiler  information,  made 

fo 

*  Knox. 


APPENDIX.  309 


to  your  grace  by  our  enemies,  confidering  that 
we  never  minded  fuch  thing  ;  but  only  our  mind 
and  purpofe  was,  and  is,  to  promote  and  fet  furth 
the  glorie  of  God,  maintain  and  defend  the  true 
preachers  of  his  word,  and,  according  to  the  fame, 
abolifh  and  putt  away  idolatry  and  falfe  abufes, 
which  may  not  ftand  with  the  faid  word  of  God  ; 
befeeching  your  grace  to  bear  patiently  therewith, 
and  interpone  your  authority  to  the  furtherance 
of  the  fame,  as  is  the  duty  of  every  chriftian 
Prince  and  good  Magiftrate.  For  as  to  the  obe- 
dience of  our  foveraign's  authority  in  all  civil  and 
politick  matters,  we  are,  and  fhall  be  as  obedient 
as  any  other  your  grace's  fubje^ls  within  the  re- 
alrae :  and  that  our  convention  is  for  no  other 
purpofe,  but  to  fave  our  preachers  and  their  audi- 
tors from  the  injury  and  violence  of  our  enemies, 
which  fhould  be  more  amply  declared  by  fome  of 
us  in  your  grace's  prefence,  if  ye  were  not  ac- 
companied with  fuch  as  have  purfued  our  lives 
and  fought  our  blood.  Thus  we  pray  almighty 
God  to  have  your  highnefs  in  his  eternall  tuition. 
Att  Edinburgh,  the  2d  of  July  1559. 


Ne. 


%10  APPENDIX* 


No.  XL 

T/jg  third  Covenant  *. 

WE  ferefeeing  the  craft  and  fleight  of  our  ad* 
verfaries,  tending  all  manner  of  ways  to  circum- 
vent us,  and  by  privey  means  intendeth  to  affayle 
every  one  of  us,  particularly  by  fair  heghts  and 
promifes,  therethrough  to  feparate  one  of  us 
from  another,  to  our  utter  ruin  and  deftru6lion  : 
for  remedy  thereof,  we  faithfully  and  truly  bind 
us,  in  the  prefence  of  God,  and  as  we  tender  the 
maintenance  of  trew  religion,  that  none  of  us  fhall, 
m  time  coming,  pafs  to  the  Queen's  Grace  Dowa- 
ger, to  talk  or  commune  with  her,  for  any  letter 
or  meffage  fent  by  her  unto  us,  or  yet  to  be  fent, 
without  confent  of  the  reft,  and  common  conful- 
tation  thereupon :  and  how  foon  that  either  mef« 
fagcor  writing  fliould  come  from  her  unto  us, 
with  utter  diligence  we  ftiali  notifie  the  fame  one 
to  another  ;  fo  that  nothing  fliall  proceed  therein 
without  common  confent  of  us  alh  Att  Stirling, 
the  firft  day  of  Auguft  1559. 

No, 
*  Knox. 


APPENDIX.  311 


No.  XII. 

fhe  Addrefs  of  the  Confederated  Nobles   to  the 
^een  Regent  *. 

At  Hammilton  the  29  day  of  September. 

MADAME,  we  are  credibly  informed  that  your 
army  of  French-men  ftiould  inftantly  begin  to 
plant  in  Leith,  and  to  fortifie  the  fame,  of  minde 
to  expell  the  ancient  inhabitants  thereof,  our 
brethren  of  the  Congregation,  whereof  we  mar- 
vell  Hot  a  httle,  that  your  Majeflie  fliould  fo 
manifeftly  breake  the  appointment  made  at  Leith, 
without  any  provocation  made  by  us  and  our' 
brethren.  And  feeing  the  fame  is  done  withcut 
any  manner  of  confent  of  the  Nobilitie  and  Coun- 
fell  of  this  realme,  we  efleem  the  fame  not  onely 
oppreffion  of  our  poore  brethren,  and  in-dwellers 
of  the  faid  towne,  but  alfo  very  prejudicial!  to  the 
common-wealth,  and  plain  contrary  to  our  an- 
cient laws  and  liberties.     We  therefore  defire  your 

Majeflie 


*  This  letter  was  fubfcribed  by  the  Duke  of  Chattellerault, 
the  Earls  of  Arran,  Argyle,  Glencairn,  and  Menteth ;  by 
the  Lords  Ruthven,  Ochiltree,  Boyd,  and  by  other  Barcns 
and  Gentlemen.     Knox. 


3IS  APPENDIX. 

Majeflie  to  caufe  the  fame  work  enterprifed  to  be 
flayed,  and  not  to  attempt  fo  rafhly  and  fo  mani- 
feflly  againft  your  Majefties  promife,  againfl  the 
common- wealth,  the  ancient  laws  and  liberties 
thereof  (which  tilings,  befides  the  glory  of  God, 
are  moll  dear  and  tender  to  us,  and  onely  our 
pretence)  otherwife  afluring  your  Majeflie,  we 
will  complain  to  the  whole  Nobilitie  and  common- 
alty of  this  realme,  and  moft  earneflly  feek  for 
redreffe  thereof.  And  thus  recommending  our 
humble  fervice  unto  your  HighnelTe,  whom  we 
commit  to  the  etetnall  proteftion  of  God,  ex- 
pefting  earneflly  your  anfwer.  At  Hammilton 
the  day  and  yeer  aforefaid :  By  your  Majeflies 
humble  and  obedient  fervitours. 

No.  XIII, 

Manifejio  or  Proclamation  by  the  S^ucen  Regent*'' 

ARTICLE    I. 

FOR  fo  much  as  it  is  underflood  by  the  Queen, 
that  the  Duke  of  Chatteliawralt  hath  lately  di- 
re£led  his  miffives  into  all  parts  of  this  realm, 

making 

*  Knox. 


APPENDIX.  313 


making  mention  that  the  French-men  late  arrived 
with  their  wives  and  children,  are  begun  to  plant 
in  Leith,  to  the  mine  of  the  common-weale, 
which  he  and  his  partakers  will  not  pafTe  over 
with  patient  beholding,  defiring  10  know  what 
will  be  every  mans  part.  And  that  the  fortifica- 
tion of  Leith,  is  a  purpofe  devifed  in  France,  and 
that  therefore  Monfieur  de  la  BrolTe,  and  the  Bi- 
fliop  of  Amiens,  are  come  to  this  countrey.  A 
thing  fo  vaine  and  untrue,  that  the  contrary  there- 
of is  knowne  to  all  men  of  free  judgement.  There- 
fore the  Queen,  willing  that  the  occafions  where- 
by her  Majefty  was  moved  fo  to  do,  be  made  pa- 
tent, and  what  have  been  her  proceedings  fince  the 
appointment  lafl  made  on  the  llnkes  befide  Leith. 
To  the  eifeft  that  the  trueth  of  all  things  being 
made  manifefl,  every  man  may  underftand  how 
unjuflly  that  a  defire  to  fupprefle  the  liberty  of 
this  realme  is  laid  to  her  charge ;  we  have  thought 
expedient  to  make  this  difcourfe  following.  Firfl, 
Although  after  the  faid  appointment,  divers  oftlie 
faid  Congregation,  and  that  not  of  the  meaned 
fort,  hath  violently  broken  the  points  thereof, 
and  made  fundry  occafions  of  new  cumber.  The 
fame  was  in  a  part  winked  at,  and  over-looked,  in 
hope  that  they  in  time  would  remember  their 
duty,  and  abflaine  from  fuch  evil  behaviour, 
S  f  Whicif 


314  APPENDIX. 

which  converfion  her  Majellie  ever  fought,  rather 
than  any  punifliment,  with  fuch  care  and  foHci- 
tude  by  all  means,  and  in  the  mean  time  nothing 
was  provided  for  her  own  fecurity.  But  at  lad 
by  their  frequent  meifages  to  and  from  England, 
their  intelligence  then  was  perceived,  yet  her  Ma-f 
jeftie  trufled  the  Queen  of  England  (let  them  feek 
^s  they  pleafe)  will  do  the  office  of  a  Chriflian 
princelTe,  in  time  of  a  fworne  peace,  through 
which,  force  was  to  her  Majeftie,  feeing  fo  great 
defe<5i:ion  of  great  perfonages,  to  have  recourfe  to 
the  law  of  nature.  And  like  as  a  fmall  bird, 
being  purfued,  will  provide  fome  nefl,  fo  her  Ma- 
jeftie  could  do  no  leffe  in  cafes  of  purfuit,  but  pro- 
vide fome  fure  retraft  for  her  felf  and  her  com- 
pany, and  to  that  effect  chofe  the  town  of  Leith, 
as  a  place  convenient  therefore  :  becaufc  it  was 
her  dearefl  daughters  property,  and  no  other 
perfon  could  clame  title  or  interelle  thereto,  and 
alfo  becaufe  in  former  times  it  had  been  fortifi- 
ed :  about  the  fame  time  that  the  feeking  fupport 
of  England  was  made  manifcft,  arrived  the  Earle 
of  Arrane,  and  adjoyned  himfelf(?  to  the  Congre- 
gation, upon  further  promife  then  the  pretended 
quarrell,  or  religion,  thatwas  to  be fet  upby  them 
in  authority,  and  fo .  to  pervert  the  whole  obe- 
dience, and  as  ferae  of  the  Congregation,  at  the 

fame 


APPENDIX.  315 


fame  time  had  put  into  their  hands,  and  taken 
the  caflle  of  Brochtie,  put  forth  the  keepers  there- 
of. Immediately  came  from  the  faid  Duke  to 
her  Majefly,  unlocked  for,  a  writ,  befide  many 
others  complaining  of  the  fortification  of  the  faid 
town  of  Leith,  in  hurt  of  the  ancient  inhabi- 
tants thereof,  brethren  of  the  faid  Congregation, 
whereof  he  then  profeffed  himfelfe  a  m.ember. — = 
And  albeit  that  the  bearer  of  the  faid  writ  was 
an  unmeet  meffenger,  in  a  matter  of  fuch  confe- 
quence,  yet  her  Majeftie  direfted  to  him  two  per- 
Tons  of  good  credit  and  reputation,  with  anfwer  : 
offering,  if  he  would  caufe  amends  to  be  made 
for  that  which  was  committed  againfl  the  laws  of 
the  realme,  to  do  further  than  could  be  craved 
of  reafon.  Ani  to  that  eifefl,  to  draw  ,fome 
conference,  which  by  his  fault  and  his  colleagues 
took  no  end  ;  neverthelelfe  they  continually  fmce 
continue  in  their  doings,  ufurping  the  authority^ 
commanding  and  charging  free  boroughs  to  chufe 
provefts  and  officers  of  their  naming,  and  to  af- 
ilft  to  them  in  the  purpofe  they  would  be  at : 
and  that  they  will  not  fuifer  provifion  to  be 
brought  for  fuflentation  of  her  Majeflies  houfes. 
A  great  part  have  fo  plainely  fet  afide  all  reve- 
rence and  humanitle,  whereby  every  man  may 
know,  that  it  is  no  matter  of  religion,  but  a 
S  f  2  plainc 


3i6  appendix; 

plaine  ufurpation  of  the  authority :  and  no  doubt 
-but  fimple  men  of  good  zeale  in  former  times, 
therewith  falfely  have  been  deceived.  But  as 
to.  the  Queens  part  (God  who  knoweth  the  fe- 
crets  of  all  hearts  well  knoweth,  and  the  world 
lliall  fee  by  experience)  that  the  fortification  of 
Leith  was  devifed  for  no  other  purpofe,  but  for 
recourfe  to  her  Highneffe  and  her  company,  in 
cafe  they  w^re  purfued.  Wherefore,  as  good 
fubjecls  that  have  the  fear  of  God  in  their  hearts, 
will  not  fuffer  themfelves  by  fuch  vaine  perfwa- 
fions  to  be  led  away  from  their  due  obedience; 
but  will  alTift  in  defence  of  their  foveraigns  quar- 
rell,  againft  all  fuch  as  fli^l  purfue  the  fame 
wrongfully.  Therefore  her  Majeftie  ordaineth 
the  officers  of  arms  to  paffe  to  the  Market-croffes 
of  all  the  head  burroughs  of  this  realme,  and 
there  by  open  proclamation  command  and  charge 
all  and  fuiidry  the  lieges  thereof,  that  none  of 
them  take  in  hand  to  put  themfelves  in  arms, 
nor  take  part  with  the  faid  Duke  or  his  affift- 
aries,  under  the  paine  of  treafon. 


ARTICLE 


APPENDIX.  317 


ARTICLE  II. 

The  Declaration  of  the  Confederated  Nobles  againfi 
the  Froclamation  of  the  ^leen  Regent. 

WE  are  compelled  unwillingly  to  anfwer  the 
grievous  accufations  moft    unjuflly    laid  to  our 
charges  by  the  Queen  Regent,  and  her  perverfe 
counfell,  who  ceafe  not  by  all  craft  and  malice 
to  make  us  odious  to  our  deareft  brethren,  na- 
turall  Scottifti-men,  as  that  we  pretended  no  o- 
ther  thing,  but  the  fubverfon  and  overthrow  of 
all  jufl:  authoritle,  when  God'knoweth  we  fought 
nothing,  but  that  fuch  authoritie  as  God  approveth 
by  his  word,  be  eflabliflied,  honoured,  and  obeyed 
amongll  us.     True  it  is,  that  we  have  complained 
(and  continually  muft  complaine,  till  God  fend  re- 
drelTe)  that  our  conimon  countrey  is  oppreifed 
with  ftrangers ;   that  this  inbringing  of  fouldiers 
with  their  wives  and  children,  and  planting  of 
men  of  war  in  our  free  townes,    appeareth  to  us 
a  ready  way  to  conquefl.     And  we  moil  earneft- 
ly  require  all  indifferent  perfons  to  be  judge  be- 
twixt us  and  the  Queen  Regent  in  this  caufe,  to 
wit,  whether  our  complaint  be  juft  or  not  ?  for, 
for  what  other  purpofe  fliould  {he  thus  multiply 

ftrangers 


3l8  A  P  P  E  N  D  I  3i. 


flrangers  upon  us,  but  onely  in  refpeiH:  of  con= 
quell :  which  is  a  thing  of  late  devifed  by  her 
and  her  avaritious  houfe.  We  are  not  ignorant 
that  fix  yeers  ago  the  queilion  was  demanded  of 
a  man  of  honeft  reputation  ;  what  number  of 
men  was  able  to  daunt  Scotland,  and  to  bring  it 
to  the  full  obedience  of  France  ?  She  alleadged, 
that  to  fay  that  the  fortification  of  Leith  was  of 
purpofe  devifed  in  France,  and  that  for  that  pur* 
pofe  were  Monfieur  de  la  BrofiTe,  and  the  Bifhop 
of  Amiens  fent  to  this  countrey ;  is  a  thing  fo 
vaine  and  untrue,  that  the  contrary  thereof  is  no- 
torious to  all  men  of  free  judgement.  But  evi- 
it  is,  whatfoever  Ihe  alleadged,  that  fince  their 
arrivall,  Leith  has  begun  to  be  fortified.  She  al^ 
leadged,  that  flie  feeing  the  defection  of  great 
perfonages,  was  compelled  to  have  recource  to 
the  law  of  nature,  and  like  a  fmall  bird  purfued 
to  provide  for  fome  fure  retraft  to  her  felf  and 
bar  company.  But  why  doth  flie  not  anfwer  for 
what  purpofe  did  {he  bring  in  her  new  bands  of 
men  of  war  ?  was  there  any  defe^lion  efpied  be- 
fore their  arrival  ?  was  not  the  Congregation  un- 
der appointment  with  her  ?  which  whatfoever  flie 
alleadged,  file  is  not  able  to  prove  that  we  have  vio- 
lated in  any  chief  point,  before  that  her  new  throat- 
cutters  arrived,  yea,  before  that  they  began  to 

fortifie 


APPENDIX. 


3^9 


fortifie  Leith,  a  place,  faith  flie,  mod  convenient 
for  her  purpofe  ;  as  indeed  it  is,  for  the  receiving 
of  ftrangers  at  her  pleafure  :  for  if  fhe  had  fear- 
ed the  purfuit  of  her  bodie,  flie  had  Inche  Cohne, 
Diimbar,  and  Blacknelfe,  forts  and  flrengths  al- 
ready made ;  yet  all  thefe  could  not  fo  well  ferve 
her  turne  as  Leith,  becaufe  it  washer  daugh- 
ter's property,  and  none  other  could  have  title 
unto  it,  and  becaufe  it  had  been  fortified  oft  be- 
fore. That  all  men  may  know  the  juft  title  her 
daughter  and  flie  had  to  the  town  of  Leith,  we 
fliall  in  a  few  words  declare.  It  is  not  unknown 
to  the  mod:  part  of  this  realm,  that  there  hath 
been  an  old  hatred  and  contention  betwixt  E- 
dinburgh  and  Leith;  Edinburgh  continually 
feeking  conftantly  to  poffefie  the.  liberty  of  Leith, 
which  by  donation  of  ancient  Kings  tliey  have 
Ipng  enjoyed  :  and  Leith  by  the  contrary  afpiring 
to  a  liberty  and  freedom  in  prejudice  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  Queen  Regent,  a  woman  that 
could  make  her  profit  at  all  hands,  was  not  igno- 
rant how  to  compafle  her  own  bufinelfe,  and 
therefore  fecretly  Ihe  gave  advertifement  to  fome 
of  Leith,  that  ihe  would  make  their  towne  free, 
if  that  flie  might  do  it  with  any  colour  of  juftice. 
By  which  promifes  the  principal!  men  of  them 
4id  travel!  with  the  hmd  of  Leftarrig,  a  man 

neither 


320  APPENDIX. 

neither  prudent  nor  fortunate,-  to  whom  the  fu- 
periorky  of  Leith  appertained,  that  he  Ihould 
fell  his  whole  title  and  right  to  our  Sovereign  for 
a  certain  fum  of  money,  which  the  inhabitants 
of  Leith  paid,  with  a  large  taxation  more,  to  the 
Queen  Regent,  in  hope  to  be  made  free, '  in  dif- 
pight  and  defraud  of  Edinburgh :  which  right 
and  fuperiority  when  flie  had  gotten,  and  when 
the  money  was  paid,  the  firfl  fruits  of  their  liber- 
ty they  now  eat  with  bitternes,  is,  that  ftrangers 
ihall  poiTelTe  their  towne :  This  is  the  juft  ti- 
tle which  her  daughter  and  flie  might  claim 
to  that  towne.  And  when  flie  alleadged, 
that  it  was  fortified  before ;  we  allc,  if  that 
was  done  without  the  confent  of  the  nobi- 
lity and  eftates  of  the  realme,  as  now  fhe  and  her 
crafty  counfellors  do,  in  difpight  and  high  con- 
tempt of  us  the  lawfuU  and  borne  counfellors  of 
this  realme  ?  How  far  we  have  fought  fupport 
of  England,  or  of  any  other  Prince,  and  how  juft 
caufe  we  had  and  have  fo  to  do,  we  fliall  iliortly 
make  manifeil  unto  the  world,  to  the  praife  of 
Gods  holy  name,  and  to  the  confufion  of  all  thofe 
that  flander  us  for  fo  doing :  for  this  we  fear 
not  to  confeffe,  that  as  in  this  our  enterprife  a- 
gainfl  the  devil,  idolatry,  and  the  maintainers  of 
the  fame,  we  chiefly  and  onely  feek  Gods  glory 

t© 


APPENDIX.  3-21 

to  be  notified  unto  man,  fin  to  be  puniilied,  and 
vertue  to  be  maintained  :  fo  where  power  faileth 
in  our  felves,  we  will  feeke  it  wherefoever  God 
fliall  offer  the  fame  :  and  yet  in  fo  doing,  we  are 
allured  neither  to  offend  God,  neither  yet  to  do 
any  thing  repugnant  to  our  duties.  We  hearti- 
ly praife  God,  who  moved  the  heart  of  the 
Earle  of  Arran  to  joyn  himfelf  with  us  his  per- 
fecuted  brethren.  But  how  malicious  a  lye  it  is, 
that  we  have  promifed  to  fet  him  up  in  authority, 
the  iffue  Ihall  declare :  God  we  take  to  record, 
that  no  fuch  thing  hath  entered  into  our  hearts, 
neither  yet  hath  the  faid  Earle,  neither  any  to 
him  appertaining,  moved  us  unto  any  fuch  mat- 
ter: which  if  they  lliould  do,  jet  are  we  not  fo 
flender  in  judgement,  that  inconfiderately  we 
would  promife  that,  which  after  we  would  re- 
pent. We  fpeak  and  write  to  the  praife  of  God's 
glory ;  the  lead  of  us  knoweth  better  what  obe- 
dience is  due  to  a  lawfull  authority,  then  flie  and 
her  counfell  doth  pra£lice  the  ofHce  of  fuch  as 
worthily  may  fit  upon  the  feat  of  juflice  :  for  we 
offer,  and  we  perform  all  obedience  which  God 
hath  commanded  ;  and  we  deny  neither  toll,  tri- 
bute, nor  fear,  to  her  nor  her  ofHcers,  we  onely 
bridle  her  blinde  rage,  in  which  flie  would  ereft 
and  maintain  idolatry,  and  would  murder  our 
T  t  brethreii. 


y2%  APPENDIX. 

iir..— ....    I  .     I,   ,  ,    .  --^- 

brethren,  who  refufe  the  fame :  but  ilie  doth  ut- 
terly abufe  the  authority  eflabUllied  by  God, 
flie  profaneth  the  throne  of  his  Majeftie  on  earth, 
making  the  feat  of  juftice,  which  ought  to  be  the 
fanftuary  and  refuge  of  all  godly  and  vertuous 
perfons  unjuftly  afflidled,  to  be  a  den  and  re- 
cepticle  to  thieves,  murtherers,  idolaters,  whore- 
mongers, adulterers,  and  of  blafphemers  of  God, 
and  all  GodlinelTe.  It  is  more  than  evident  what 
men  they  are,  and  long  have  been,  whom  flie  by 
her  power  maintaineth  and  defendeth  j  and  alfo 
what  hath  been  our  converfation,  fince  it  hath 
pleafed  God  to  call  us  to  his  knowledge,  whom 
now  in  her  fury  flie  cruelly  perfecuteth.  We 
deny  not  the  taking  of  the  houfes  of  Brochtie ; 
and  the  caufes  being  confidered,  we  think  that 
no  naturall  Scottifli-man  will  be  offended  at  om*^ 
fa£t.  When  the  alFured  knowledge  came  to 
us  that  the  fortification  of  I.eith  was  begun, 
every  man  began  to  inquire,  what  danger  might 
enfue  to  the  red;  of  the  realm,  if  the  French 
fliould  plant  in  diverfe  places,  and  what  were 
the  places  that  might  annoy  us.  In  conclufion 
it  was  found,  that  the  taking  of  the  faid  houfe 
by  French-men,  ftiould  be  deflruftion  to  Dun- 
die,  and  hurtfull  to  S.  lohnfton,  and  to  the  whole 
countrey  j  and  therefore  it  was  thought  expedient 

t« 


A  ^  P  E  i>T  D  I  Xi  323 


to  prevent  the  danger,  as  that  we  did,  for  pre- 
fervation  of  our  brethren  and  common  coiintrey. 
It  is  not  unknown  what  enemies  thofe  two  towns 
have,  and  how  gladly  would  fome  have  all  good 
order  and  policy  overthrown  in  them.  The  con- 
jectures that  the  French-men  were  of  minde  lliort- 
ly  to  have  taken  the  fame  place,  were  not  obfcure : 
but  whatfoever  they  pretended,  we  cannot  repent 
that  we  (as  faid  is)  have  prevented  the  danger  5 
and  would  God  that  power  had  been  in  the  fame 
manner  to  have  foreclofed  their  enterprife  atLeith* 
for  what  trouble  this  poor  realm  fliall  endure 
before  that  thofe  murtherers  and  unjufl  poilef- 
fors  be  removed  from  the  fam.e,  the  ilTue  will  de- 
dare.  If  her  accufatlons  againfl:  the  Duke,  and 
that  we  fefnfed  conference,  be  truly  and  fimply 
fpoken,  we  will  not  refufe  the  judgement  of  thofe 
very  men,  whoih  llie  alleadgeth  to  be  of  fuch  re- 
putatioUi  They  know  that  the  Duke  did  anfwef , 
that  if  the  realme  (hould  be  fet  at  liberty  from  the 
bondage  of  thofe  men  of  war,  which  prefently  did 
oppreffe  it,  and  was  fo  fearfull  to  him,  and  to 
his  brethren,  that  they  were  compelled  to  abfent 
themfelves  from  the  places  where  Ihe  and  they 
made  rcfidence  :  that  he  and  the  whole  congre- 
gation fnould  come  and  give  all  dutifull  obedience 
to  our  Soveraigne  her  daughter,  and  unto  her, 
T  t    2  as 


324  APPENDIX. 


as  Regent  for  the  time  :  but  to  enter  into  confer- 
ence fo  long  as  (lie  kept  above  him  and  his  bre- 
thren that  fearful  I  fcourge  of  cruell  ftrangers,  he 
thought  no  wife  man  would  counfell  him.  And 
this  his  anfwer  we  approve,  adding  farther,  that 
flie  can  make  us  no  promife  which  llie  can  keep, 
nor  we  can  credit,  fo  long  as  {lie  is  forced  with 
the  flrength,  and  ruled  by  the  counfell  of  France. 
We  are  not  ignorant  that  Princes  think  it  good 
policy  to  betray  their  fubje^ls  by  breaking  of  pro- 
mifes,  be  tliey  never  fo  folemnly  made.  We  have 
not  forgotten  what  counfell  flie  and  Monfieur  Do- 
fell  gave  to  the  Duke,  againft  thofe  that  flue  the 
cordinall,  and  kept  tlie  caflle  of  St.  Andrews, 
which  was  this,  that  what  promife  they  lift  to  re- 
quire fliould  be  made  unto  them  ;  but  as  foon  as 
the  caftle  was  rendred,  and  things  brought  to 
fuch  paffe  as  was  expedient,  that  he  fliould  chop 
the  heads  from  every  one  of  them.  To  the  which 
the  Duke  anfwered,  that  he  would  never  confent 
to  fo  treafonable  an  aft,  but  if  he  promifed  fide- 
lity, he  would  faithfully  keep  it.  "  Monfieur  Do- 
fell  faid  in  mockage  to  the  Queen  in  French,  that 
is  a  good  fimple  nature,  but  I  know  no  other 
Prince  that  would  fo  do.  If  this  was  his  judge- 
ment in  fo  fmall  a  matter,  what  have  we  to  fufpecl 
in  this  our  caufe  ?  For  the  queftion  is  not  of  the 

flaughter 


APPENDIX.  32^ 


flaugher  of  one  cardinal!,   but  of  the  juft:  abolifli- 
ing  of  all  tyranny,  which  the  Romane  Antichrid 
hath  ufurped  above  us ;  of  the  fuppreiTing  of  idol- 
atry, and  of  the  reformation  of  the  whole  religion, 
by  that  vermine  of  (havelings  utterly  corrupted. 
Now  if  the  flaughter  of  a  cardinall  be  a  fm  irremif- 
fible,  as  they  themfelves  affirme ;  and  if  faith  ought 
not  to  be  kept  to  hereticks,  as   their  owne  law 
fpeaketh,  what  promife  can  llie  that  is  ruled  by 
the  counfell  and  commandment  of  a   cardinall, 
make  to  us  that  can  be  fure  ?    Where  {lie  accu- 
feth  us,  that  we  ufurp  authority  to  command  and 
charge  free  boroughs,  to  chufe  proveflis  and  ofE- 
cers  of  our  naming,  &c.     We  will  that  the  whole 
boroughs  of  Scotland  teflifie  in  that  cafe,  whetlier 
we  have  ufed  any  kinde  of  violence,  but  lovingly 
exhorted  fuch  as  aiked  our  fupport  to  chufe  fuch 
in  office,  as  had  the  fear  of  God  before  their  eyes, 
loved  equity  and  juflice,  and  were  not  noted  with 
avarice  and  bribing.     But  wonder  it  is  with  what 
face  {lie  can  accufe  us  of  that,   whereof  we  are 
innocent,  and  {lie  fo  openly  criminal,   that  the 
whole  realme  knoweth  her  iniquity  :    in  that  cafe 
hath  {lie  not  compelled  the  towne  of  Edinburgh 
to  retaine  a  man  to  be  their  Prove{l  moft  unwor- 
thy  of  any  regiment   in   a  well-ruled   common- 
Wealth  ?    Hath  {lie  not  enforced  them  to  take 

BaylifFes 


3^5  APPENDIX. 

BaylilFes  of  her  appointment  ?  and  fome  of  them 
fo  meet  for  their  ofEce  in  this  troublefome  time, 
as  a  fowter  is  to  fayle  a  fliip  in  a  flormy  day.  She 
complaineth  that  we  will  not  fufFer  provifion  to 
be  made  for  her  houfe  :  in  very  deed  we  unfain- 
edly  repent  that  before  this  we  took  not  better 
order  that  thefe  murtherers  and  opprefTors  whom 
{he  pretendeth  to  nourifli  for  our  deftruclion,  had 
not  been  difappointed  of  their  great  provifion  of 
viftualls  which  fhe  and  they  have  gathered,  to 
the  great  hurt  of  the  whole  countrey  :  but  as  God 
(hall  affift  us  in  times  coming,  we  fliall  do  dili- 
gence fomewhat  to  fruftrate  their  devillifli  pur- 
pofe.  What  both  fhe  and  we  pretend,  we  doubt 
not  but  God  (who  cannot  fuffer  the  abufe  of  his 
his  own  name  long  to  be  unpunilhedj  fliall  one 
day  declare,  and  unto  him  we  fear  not  to  com- 
mit our  caufe.  Neither  yet  fear  we  in  this  pre- 
fent  day,  that  againfl:  us  ilie  maketh  a  malicious 
lye,  where  that  {h.e  fayeth,  that  it  is  not  religion 
that  we  go  about,  but  a  plain  ufurpation  of  au- 
thority. God  forbid  that  fuch  impieiy  fhould 
enter  in  our  hearts,  that  we  fliould  make  his  ho- 
ly religion  a  cloke  and  covertour  of  our  iniquity : 
from  the  beginning  of  this  controverfie,  it  is  evi- 
dently knowne  what  have  been  our  requefls  j 
which  if  the  reft  of  the  nobility  and  commonalty 

of 


APPENDIX.  327 

■Ssaga55css==       ,  ■  ■",    ■■ .■;,  1"  .i"i.;;ii      ■•  ■.      \  » 

of  Scotland  will  caufe  to  be  performed  unto  us, 
if  then  in  us  appear  any  figne  of  rebellion,  let  us 
be  reputed  and  puniilied  as  traitors.  But  while 
flrangers  are  brought  in  to  fuppreife  us,  our  com- 
mon wealth  and  poflerity:  while  idolatry  is  main- 
tained, and  Chrill  Jefus  his  true  religion  defpifed, 
while  idle  bellies,  and  bloody  tyrants  the  Bifhops 
are  maintained,  and  Chrifts  true  meffengers  per- 
fecuted ;  while,  finally,  vertue  is  contemned,  and 
vice  extolled  ;  while  that  we  a  great  part  of  the 
nobility  and  commonalty  of  this  realme  are  moft 
unjuftly  perfecuted,  what  godly  man  can  be  of- 
fended that  we  fliall  feek  reformation  of  thefe 
tnorniities  (yea,  even  by  force  of  arms,  feeing 
that  otherwayes  it  is  denyed  unto  us)  we  are  af- 
fured  that  neither  God,  neither  nature,  neither 
any  jufl:  law  forbiddeth  us.  God  hath  made  us 
councellors  by  birth  of  this  realme,  nature  bind- 
eth  us  to  love  our  owne  countrey,  and  juR:  laws 
command  us  to  fupport  our  brethren  unjuflly  pur- 
fued,  yea,  the  oath  that  we  have  made  to  be 
true  to  this  common-wealth  compelled  us  to  haz- 
ard whatfoever  God  hath  given  us,  before  that 
we  fee  the  miferable  mine  of  the  fame.  If  any 
thinke  it  is  not  religion  which  now  we  feek,  we 
anfwer,  that  it  is  nothing  elfe  but  the  zeal  of  the 
true  religion  which  raoveth  us  to  this  enterprife  : 

for 


32S  APPENDIX. 

for  as  the  enemy  doth  craftily  forefee,  that  ido. 
latry  cannot  unlverfally  be  maintained,  unleiTc 
that  we  be  utterly  fupprefled,  fo  do  we  confider 
that  the  true  religion  (the  purity  whereof  we  open- 
ly require)  cannot  univerfally  be  ere<5led,  unlelTe 
ftrangers  be  removed,  and  this  poor  realme  pur- 
ged of  thofe  peftilences  which  before  have  infe£led 
it.  And  therefore  in  the  name  of  the  eternall 
God,  and  of  his  fon  Chrift  Jefus,  whofe  caufe  we 
fuilain,  we  require  all  our  brethren  naturall  Scotifli- 
men  prudently  to  confider  our  requejfls  and  with 
judgement  to  difcerne  betwixt  us  and  the  C)ueen 
Regent,  with  her  faftion,  and  not  to  fuffer  them- 
felvs  to  be  abufed  by  her  craft  and  deceit,  that 
to  lift  their  weapons  againfl:  their  brethren,  who 
feek  nothing  but  Gods  glory,  or  yet  to  extraft 
from  us  their  juft  and  dutifull  fupport,  feeing  that 
we  hazard  our  lives  for  prefervation  of  them  and 
us,  and  of  us  and  our  poflerity  to  come  :  affuring 
fuch  as  fliall  declare  themfelves  favourers  of  her 
faftion  and  enemies  unto  us,  that  we  (liall  repute 
them,  whenfoever  God  lliall  put  the  fwordof  juf- 
tice  in  our  hands  worthy  of  fuch  punifliment  as  is 
due  for  fuch  as  fludy  to  betray  their  countreyes 
into  the  hands  of  ftrangers. 

N9» 


APPENDIX.  329 


No.  XIV. 

Thefeccond  Addrefs  or  Admonition  of  the  confeder- 
ated Nobles  to  the  ^een  Regent  *. 

MADAME,  your  Majeftie  may  call  to  minde, 
how  at  our  laft  convention  at  Hamilton,  we  re- 
quired your  highnefle  in  moft  humble  manner  to 
defifl  from  the  fortifying  the  town  of  Leith,  then 
enterprifed  and  begun,  which  appeared  unto  us 
(and  yet  doth)  an  entrie  to  a  conquefl  and  over- 
throw of  our  liberties,  and  altogether  againfl  the 
laws  and  cuflomes  of  this  realm,  feeing  it  was 
begun,  and  yet  continueth  without  any  advice  and 
confent  of  the  Nobility  and  counfell  of  this  realm. 
Wherefore  now,  as  oft  before,  according  unto 
our  duty  to  our  common-wealth,  we  moft  hum- 
bly require  your  Majeftie,  to  caufe  your  flrangers 
and  fouldiers  whatfoever,  to  depart  the  faid  town 
of  Leith,  and  make  the  fame  patent,  not  onely  to 
the  inhabitants,  but  alfo  to  all  Scottifli-men,  our 
foveraign  ladies  lieges ;  alfuring  your  highneffe, 
that  if  refufmg  the  fame,  ye  declare  thereby  your 
evil  minde  towards  the  common-wealth,  and  li^ 
U  u  berty 

*  Knox. 


33©  APPENDIX, 


berty  of  this  realm,  we  will  (as  before)  move  and 
declare  the  caufes  unto  the  whole  nobility  and 
commonalty  of  this  realm.  And  according  to 
the  oath  which  we  had  fworn  for  the  maintenance 
of  the  common-weale,  in  all  manner  of  things  to 
us  polTible,  we  will  provide  remedy  therefore,  re- 
quiring moft  humbly  your  Majefties  anfwer  in 
hafte  with  the  bearer,  becaufe  in  our  eyes  the  a£l 
continually  proceeds,  declaring  your  determina- 
tion of  conqueft,  which  is  prefumed  of  all  men, 
and  not  without  caufe.  And  thus  after  our  com- 
mendation of  fervice,  we  pray  almighty  God  to 
have  your  Majefly  in  his  eternall  tuition. 

No.  XV. 

The  Anfwer  by  the  ^een  Regent^  to  the  fecond  Ad* 
drefs  or  Admonition  of  the  confederated  Nobles  *. 

AFTER  commendations,  we  have  received  your 
letter  of  Edinburgh  the  1 9th  of  this  inilant,  which 
appeareth  to  us  rather  to  have  come  from  a  Prince 
to  his  fubjecls,  than  from  fubje^ts  to  them  that 
bear  authority.  For  anfwer  whereof,  we  have 
prefently  directed  unto  you  this  bearer  Lion  He- 
rald 

*  Kxox. 


APPENDIX.  331 

raid  King  of  Arms,  fufficiently  inflrufted  with  ouf 
mind,  to  whom  ye  fliall  give  credence.  Att  Leith, 
■O(fi:ober  2ift  1559. 

Marie  R. 

His  credit  was  this, 

"  That  the  Queen  wondred  how  any  durft 
*^'  prefume  to  command  her  in  that  reahn,  which 
^'  needeth  not  to  be  conqueft  by  any  force,  con- 
*'  fidering  that  it  was  already  conquefl  by  mar- 
*'  riage :  that  Frenchmen  could  not  jufUy  be  cal- 
"  led  ftrangers,  feeing  that  they  were  naturalized  j 
"  and  therefore  that  flie  would  neither  make  that 
**  town  patent,  neither  yet  fend  any  man  away, 
"=<  but  as  Ihe  thought  expedient.  She  accufed  the 
■"  Duke  of  violating  his  promife.  She  made  long 
*'  proteftation  of  her  love  towards  the  common- 
*'  wealth  of  Scotland :  and  in  the  end  command- 
*'  ed,  that  under  the  pain  of  treafon,  all  afliftaries 
*'  to  the  Duke,  and  unto  them,  Ihould  depart 
^*  from  the  town  of  Edinburgh." 

U  u   2  No. 


APPENDIX. 


No.   XVI. 

The  Ad:  or  Decree  of  the  Congregation,  degrading 
the  ^een  Regent  of  her  high  office  *. 

'  ARTICLE    I. 

AT  Edinburgh  the  one  and  twentieth  day  of 
Oftober,  1550,  the  Nobility,  Barons  and  Bur- 
geffes  convened,  to  advife  upon  the  affairs  of  the 
common-wealth,  and  to  ayd,  fupport  and  fuccour 
the  fame,  perceiving  and  lamenting  the  enterpri- 
fed  deflruftion  of  their  faid  common-weakh,  and 
overthrow  of  the  liberties  of  their  native  countrey, 
by  the  means  of  the  Queen  Regent,  and  certain 
ftrangers  her  privie  counfellors,  plain  contrary  to 
our  Soveraign  Lord  and  Ladies  mind,  and  direft 
againfl:  the  counfell  of  the  nobility,  to  proceed  by 
little  and  little,  even  unto  the  uttermofl  ruine  ; 
fo  that  the  urgent  neceffity  of  the^ommon-wealth 
may  no  longer  fuffer  delay,  and  earneftly  crayeth 
our  fupport.  Seeing  therefore  that  the  faid  Queen 
Regent  (abufing  and  overpalling  our  Soveraigne 
J-,ord  and  Ladies  commiifion  given  and  granted  to 

her) 

-  ■  _   -  ,    -  I  I ,]      f.       -—-Li i.-iA*-- 

"*  Khox. 


APPENDIX.  333 

7r-  '  ■ 

her)  hath  in  all  her  proceedings  purfued  the  Bar- 
ons and  BurgelTes  within  this  realme,  with  wea- 
pons and  armour  of  llrangers,  without  any  pro- 
ceKe  and  order  of  law,  they  being  our  Soveraigne 
Lord  and  Ladies  true  lieges,  and  never  called  nor 
convinced  of  any  crime  by  any  judgement  lawfull. 
As,  firfl,  at  S.  Johnflon,  in  the  moneth  of  May, 
flie  aflembled  her  army  againfl:  the  towne,  and  the 
inhabitants  never  called  nor  convinced  of  any 
crime,  onely  becaufe  they  profelTed  the  true  wor- 
fliip  of  God,  conform  to  his  mofl  facred  word. 

2.  And  likewife  in  the  moneth  of  June  lafl,  with- 
out any  order  or  calling  going  before,  invaded  the 
perfons  of  fundry  Noble-men  and  Barons  with 
force  of  armes,  convened  at  S.  Andrews,  onely 
for  caufe  of  religion,  as  is  notoriouily  known,  they 
never  being  called  nor  convinced  of  any  crime. 

3.  Again,  laid  garrifons  the  fame  moneth  upon 
the  inhabitants  of  the  faid  town,  opprefling  the' 
liberties  of  the  Queens  true  lieges :  for  fear  of 
which  her  garrifons,  a  great  part  of  the  inhabi- 
tants thereof  fled  from  the  towne,  and  durfl:  not 
refort  again  unto  their  houfes  and  heritages,  un- 
till  they  were  reflored  by  arras ;  they  notwith- 
{landing  never  being  called  nor  convinced  of  any 
crime.  4.  Further,  at  that  fame  time  did  thrud 
in  upon  the  heads  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  fai4 

towne. 


334  appendix: 

towne,  Proveft,  and  Bayliffs,  againft  ^11  order  of 
ele^^ion,  as  lately  in  this  month  of  September  fhe 
had  done  in  other  towns  of  Edinburgh  and  Jed- 
burgh, and  divers  other  places,  in  manifeft  op- 
preffion  of  our  liberties.  5.  Declaring  her  evill 
minde  towards  the  nobility,  commonalty,  and 
whole  nation,  flie  hath  brought  in  flrangers,  and 
daily  pretends  to  bring  in  greater  force  of  the  fame, 
pretending  a  manifefl  conquefl  of  our  native  rooms 
and  countrey,  as  the  deed  itfelf  declareth ;  in  fo 
far,  as  flie  having  brought  in  the  faid  ftrangers 
without  any  advife  of  councell  and  nobility,  and 
contrary  to  their  expreffe  minde  fent  to  her  in  writ- 
ing, hath  placed  and  planted  her  faid  ftrangers  in 
one  of  the  principall  towns  and  parts  of  the  realm, 
fending  continually  for  greater  forces,  willing 
thereby  to  fuppreffe  the  common-weale,  and  liber- 
ty of  our  native  countrey,  to  make  us  and  our  po- 
fterity  Haves  to  ftrangers  for  ever  j  which,  as  it  is 
intolerable  to  common-wealths  and  free  countreys, 
fo  it  is  very  prejudiciall  to  our  Soveraign  Lady  * 
and  her  heirs  whatfoever,  in  cafe  our  Soveraigne 
Lady  deceafe  without  heirs  of  her  perfon.  And 
to  performe  thefe  her  wicked  enterprifes,  con- 
ceived (as  appeareth)  of  inveterate  malice  againft 
our  whole  countrey  and  nation,  caufed  (without 
any  confent  or  advife  of  the  councell  and  nobility) 

to 


APPENDIX.    ,  335 


to  coyn  lead  money,  fo  bafe,  and  of  fuch  quanti- 
ty, that  the  whole  realme  lliall  be  depauperate,  and 
all  tralEque  with  forraigne  nations  everted  there- 
by. 6.  Again,  {he  (o  placeth  and  maintaineth  a- 
gainfl  the  pleafure  of  the  councell  of  this  realme,  a 
flranger  in  one  of  the  greatefl  offices  of  credit 
in  this  realme,  that  is  in  keeping  of  the  greal  feal 
thereof,  wherein  great  perills  may  be  ingen- 
dred  to  the  common-weale,  and  liberty  thereof. 
7.  Further,  lately  fent  the  great  feal  forth  of  this 
realme  by  the  faid  flranger,  againft  the  advice 
of  the  faid  councell,  to  what  effeft,  God  know- 
cth.  8.  And  hath  alfo  by  this  means  altered  the 
old  law  and  cuflome  of  this  our  realme,  ever  ob- 
ferved  in  the  graces  and  pardons  granted  by  our 
Soveraigns  to  all  their  lieges,  being  repentant  of 
their  offences  committed  againfl  their  Majefties, 
or  the  lieges  of  the  realme.  And  "hath  introdu* 
ced  a  new  captious  flile  and  form  of  the  faid 
pardons  and  remilTions,  conform  to  the  praftices 
of  France,  tending  thereby  to  draw  the  faid 
lieges  of  this  realm,  by  proceiTe  of  time,  in  a  de- 
ceivable  fnare,  and  further  fliall  creep  in  the 
whole  fubverfion  and  alteration  of  the  remanent 
laws  of  this  realme,  contrary  to  the  contents  of 
the  appointment  of  marriage.  9.  And  alfo  peace 
bemg  accorded  amongfl    the  Princes,  retaineth 

the- 


336  APPENDIX. 


the  great  army  of  flrangers,  after  commandment 
fent  by  the  King  of  France  to  retire  the  fame, 
making  excufe  that  they  were  retained  for  the 
fupprefTmg  the  attempts  of  the  Heges  of  this 
realme  j  albeit  the  whole  fubjefts  thereof  of  all 
eflates,  is,  and  ever  hath  been  readie  to  give  all 
dutifull  obedience  to  their  Soveraignes,  and  their 
lawfull  minifters  proceeding  by  Gods  ordinance  ; 
and  the  fame  army  of  flrangers  not  being  paid 
in  wages,  was  laid  by  her  upon  the  necks  of  the 
poor  commonalty  of  our  native  countrey,  who 
were  compelled  by  force  to  defraud  themfelves, 
their  wives  and  children,  of  that  poor  fubftance 
which  they  might  purchafe  with  the  fweat  of  their 
brows,  to  fatisfie  their  hunger  and  neceffities,  and 
quit  the  fame  to  fuftain  the  idle  bellies  of  her 
flrangers ;  through  the  which,  in  all  parts  rofc 
fuch  heavy  lamentation  and  complaint  of  the 
commonalty,  accufmg  the  counfell  and  nobility 
of  their  floth,  that  as  the  fame  oppreflion  we 
doubt  not  hath  entered  in  before  the  juflice  feat 
of  God,  fo  hath  it  moved  our  hearts  to  pity  and 
corapafTion.  And  for  redreffe  of  the  fame,  with 
other  great  offences  committed  againfl  the  publike 
wcile  of  this  realme,  we  have  convened  here  as 
fiiid  is :  and  as  oftentimes  before  have  mofl  humbly 
and  with  all  reverence  defired  and  required  the  faid 

Queen 


APPENDIX.  337 

(^een  Regent  to  redreffe  the  faid  enormities,  and 
cfpecially  to  remove  her  flrangers  from  the  necks  of 
the  poor  commonalty,  and  to  defiil  from  enter- 
prifmg  of  fortification  of  flrengths  within  this 
reahiie,  againft  the  exprelTe  will  of  the  nobility  and 
councell  of  the  fame  j    yet  we  being  convened 
the  more  flrong  for  fear  of  her  flrangers,    who 
we  faw  prefume  no  other  thing,  but  with  arms 
to  purfue  our  lives  and  polfelTipns,  befought  her 
'to  remove  the  fear  of  the  fame,  and  make  the 
town  patent  to  all  our  Soveraigne  Lord  and  La- 
dies lieges.      The  fame  in    no   wife  v/ould  (lie 
grant  unto,  but  when  fome  of  our  company  in 
peaceable  manner  went  to  view  the  towne,  there 
was  both  great  and  fmall  munition  fliot  forth  at 
them.     And  feeing  therefore  that  neither  acceffe 
was  granted  to  be  ufed,  nor  yet  flie  would  joyn 
herfelf  to  us  to  confult  upon  the  affairs  of  our 
common-wealth,  as  that  we  be  borne  counceilors 
to  the  fame  by  ancient  laws  of  therealme:   but 
fearing  lefl  the  judgement   of  the  counfell  v/ould 
reform,  as  necelTity  required,  the  aforefaid  enor- 
mities, fhe  refufeth  all  manner  of  afhltance  with 
us,  and  by  force  and  violence  intendeth  to  fup- 
preffe  the  liberties  of  our  common-weale,  and  of 
us  the  favourers  of  the  fame.     We  therefore,  fo 
many  of  the  nobility,  barons,  and  provefls  of  our 
X  X  boroughs. 


33^  APPENDIX, 


boroughs,  as  are  touched  with  the  care  of  the 
common-weale,  (unto  the  which  we  acknow- 
ledge our  felves,  not  onely  borne,  but  alfo  fwornc 
proteftors  and  defenders,  againfl  all  and  what- 
fqever  invaders  of  the  fame)  and  moved  by  the 
forefaid  proceedings  notorious,  and  with  the  la- 
mentable complaint  of  oppreflion  of  our  common- 
alty, our  fellow  members  of  the  fame.  Percei- 
ving farther,  that  the  prefent  neceffity  of  our  com- 
mon-weale may  fuffer  on  delay,  being  convened  (as 
faid  is)  prefently  in  Edinburgh,  for  fupport  of  our 
common-weal,  and  ripely  confulted  aiKl  advifed, 
taken  the  fear  of  God  before  our  eyes,  for  the 
eaufes  forefaid,  which  are  notorious,  with  one 
confent  and  common  vote.  Every  man  in  order 
his  judgement  being  required,  in  the  name  and 
authority  of  our  foveraign  Lord  ajid  Lady,  fuf- 
pend  the  faid  commilTion  granted  by  our  faid 
Soveraigne  to  the  l^iid  Queen  Dowager,  dif- 
charging  her  of  all  adminiftration  or  authority 
flie  hath,  or  may  have  thereby,  unto  the  next 
parliament,  to  be  fet  by  our  advice  and  confent : 
and  that  becaufe  the  faid  Queen,  by  the  forefaid 
faults  notorious,  declareth  her  felfe  enemy  to  our 
common-weale,  abufmg  the  pov/er  of  the  faid  au- 
thority to  the  deflruilion  of  the  fame  :  and  like- 
wife  we  difchargc  all  members  of  her  faid  autho- 
rity 


APPENDIX.  339 

rity  from    thenceforth ;    and    that  no  coyii   be 
coyned  from  thenceforth,  without  exprelTe  con- 
fent  of  the  faid  councell  and  nobility,  conform  to 
the  laws  of  this  realme,  which  we  maintain,  and 
ordain  this  to  be  notified  and   proclaimed  by  of- 
ficers of  arms,  in  all  head  boroughs  within  the 
realm  of  Scotland.     In  witnefie  of  the  which  our 
common  confent  and  free  vote,  we  have  fubfcri- 
bed  this  prefent  a£i:  of  fufpenfion  with  our  hands, 
day,  yeere,  and  place  aforefaid. 
Sic  fubfcribitur, 
By  us  the  Nobility  and  Common  of  the  Pro- 
teftants  of  the  Church  of  Scotland, 

ARTICLE  II. 

Letter  by  the  Council  of  the  Frotejiants  to  the 
^een  Dowager  upon  her  degradation  from  the 
Regency  *. 

PLEASE  YOUR  GRACE, 

WE  have  receiv-d  your  anfwer,  and  heard  the 
credit  of  Lion  King  of  Arms ;  whereby  we  ga- 
ther fufficiently  your  prefervation  in  evil  mind  to- 
wards us,  the  glory  of  God,  our  commonwealth, 
X  X  2  and 

*  Cotton  Library,  Caligula,  b.  lo.  Keith. 


340 


APPENDIX. 


and  liberty  of  our  native  countrey.  For  (living 
of  the  which,  according  unto  our  duties,  we 
have,  in  our  foverain  Lord  and  Ladie's  name, 
fufpended  your  commilTion,  and  all  adminiflra- 
tion  of  the  policy  your  Grace  may  pretend  there- 
by ;  being  moft  alTuredly  perfuaded  that  your 
proceedings  are  directly  contrary  to  our  fove- 
reign  Lord  and  Lady's  will :  which  we  ever  e- 
fteem  to  be  for  the  weal,  and  not  for  the  hurt  of 
this  our  commonwealth.  And  as  your  Grace 
will  not  acknowledge  us,  our  foverain  Lord  and 
Lady's  true  barons  and  lieges,  for  your  fubjedls ; 
no  more  will  we  acknowledge  you  for  any  Re- 
gent, or  lawfuU  magiflrate  unto  us ;  feeing,  if 
an^  authority  you  have  by  reafon  of  our  Sove- 
rain's  commiffion  granted  unto  your  Grace,  the 
fame,  for  mod:  weighty  reafons,  is  worthily  fuf- 
pended by  us,  by  name  of  autority  [Knox,  in 
the  name  and  authority]  of  our  Soverains,  whole 
councill  we  are  -of  native  birth,  in  the  affairs  of 
this  our  common  weal.  «  And  forafmuch  as  we 
are  determined,  with  hazard  of  our  lives,  to  fejt 
that  town  at  liberty,  wherein  you  have  moft 
wrongfully  planted  your  foldiers  and  ftrangers ; 
for  the  reverence  we  ow  to  your  perfon,  as  mo- 
ther to  our  Soverain  Lady,  we  require  your 
Grace  to  tranfport  your  perfon  therefrom  j  fee- 
ing 


APPENDIX.  341 

ing  we  are  conftrained,  by  the  neceiTity  of  the 
commonwealth,  to  force  the  fame  by  arms ;  be- 
ing denyed  hberty  thereof,  by  fundry  requefts 
made  before :  your  Grace  wou'd  caufe  depart 
with  you,  out  of  the  faid  town,  any  perfon  ha- 
ving commiffion  of  ambaffade,  if  any  fuch  be,  or 
lieutenantfhip  of  our  Soverains,  together  with 
all  Frenchmen  foldiers,  being  within  the  fame  ; 
whofe  blood  we  thirft  not,  becaufe  of  the  old  a- 
mity  and  friendftiip  betwixt  the  realm  of  France 
and  us  ;  which  amity,  by  the  marriage  of  our 
Soverain  Lady  to  the  King  of  that  realm,  fliould 
rather  increafe  than  decreafe.  And  this  we  pray 
your  Grace  and  them  to  do  within  the  fpace  of 
twenty-four  hours,  for  the  reverence  we  ow  un- 
to your  perfons.  And  thus,  recommending  our 
humble  fervice  to  your  Grace,  we  commit  your 
Highncfs  to  the  eternal  protedion  of  God.  At 
Edinburgh,  the  23d  of  Oftober. 

By  your  Grace's  humble  ferviteurs. 

The  Council  having  the  authority  unto  the 
next  parliament,  erefted  by  common 
eleftion  of  the  Earls,  Lords,  and  Barons, 

conveen'd 


342  APPENDIX. 

conveen'd  at  Edinburgh,  of  the  Prote- 
fhnt  fadion. 

EARLS. 
My  Lord  Duke's  Grace,  and 

Earl  of  Arran. 
The  E.  of  Argile. 
The  E.  of  Glencairn. 

LORDS. 

James  of  St  Andrews, 
The  Lord  Ruthven. 
The  Mafter  of  Maxwell, 

BARONS. 

Tullibardine. 
The  Laird  of  Dun. 
The  Laird  of  Pitarrow. 
The  Provoft  of  Aberdeen  for 
the  Burrows. 


No: 


APPENDIX. 


343 


No.  XVII. 

The  Treaty  of  Berwick^  or  the  Convention  of  the 
Nobles  and  tlK  People  of  Scotland  with  ^een 
Elizabeth  againfi  the  union  of  Scotland  with 
France,  and  in  defence  of  their  confiitution  and 
liberties  *. 

AT  Barwyck,  the  twenty  fevlnft  day  of  Fe- 
bruare,  the  zeir  of  our  Lord  God  one  thoufand 
five  hundred  fifty  nyne  zeris  :  it  is  agreed,  con- 
tra£lit  and  finalye  appoynted,  betwixt  the  noble 
mychty  Prince,  Thomas  Duck  of  Northfolk^ 
Erie  Marfchell  of  Ingland,  lieutennant  for  the 
Quenis  mod  excellent  Majeflie  of  England  in  the 
North,  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  her  Hienes,  of 
the  one  partye  :  and  the  Ryght  Honorable  Lord 
James  Steward,  Patrick  Lord  Ruthven,  Sir  John 
Maxwell  of  Teiregles  knycht,  William  Maitland 
of  Lethyngtonne  zoungare,  Johnne  Wyfchert  of 
Pittarrow,  and  Maiflre  Henry  Balnaves  of  Hal- 
hil,  in  the  name  and  behalf  of  the  noble  and 
rayghtie  Prince,  James  Duck  of  Chafleau  la 
Rault,  fecund  perfonn  of  the  realme  of  Scotland 

and 


Ryi 


344  APPENDIX. 

and  the  remanent  of  the  reft  of  the  Lordes  of 
his  parte,  joyned  with  him  in  this  cans  for  mayn- 
teinance  and  defence  of  the  auncient  ryhteis  and 
h'berteis  of  their  cuntree,  on  the  other  partye, 
in  forme  as  hereafter  followeth ;  that  is  to  fay, 
that  the  Quenis  Majeftie  having  fufficienthe  un- 
derftanded,  alfweall  by  information  fent  from 
the  nobihte  of  Scotland,  as  by  the  manifeft  pro- 
ceadingis  of  the  Frenche,  that  thei  intend  to  con- 
quer the  realme  of  Scotland,  fupprefe  the  liber- 
teis  thairof,  and  unyte  the  fame,  unto  the  crown 
of  France  perpetualie,  contrarie  to  the  laws  of 
the  faid  realme,  and  to  the  paftes,  othes,  and 
promeiTis  of  France  ;  and  being  thairto  moft  hu- 
milie  and  earneftlie  required  by  the  faid  nobilitie, 
for  and  in  the  name  of  the  hole  realme ;  fliall 
accept  the  faid  realme  of  Scotland,  the  faid  Duck 
of  Chafteaulerault,  being  declared  by  a6le  of 
parliament  j:o  be  heyre  apperand  to  the  crowne 
thairof,  and  the  nobilite  and  fubje6les  of  the  fame, 
into  hir  Majefties  proteftion  and  maynteinance, 
onelie  for  prcfervation  of  theym  in  their  old  fre- 
domes  and  liberteis,  and  from  conqueft,  during 
the  tyme  the  marriage  (hall  continew  betwix  the 
Queyn  of  Scottis  and  the  Frenche  King,  and  one 
zeir  after  j   and  for  expelling  owte  of  the  fame 

realms 


APPENDIX.  345 

realme  of  fuch  as  prefentlie  goeth  abowte  to  prac- 
tife  the  faid  conquefl:. 

HiR  Majeftie  fliall  with  all  fpeyd  fend  Into 
Scotland  a  convenient  ayd  of  men  of  warre,  on 
horfe  and  foot,  to  joyne  with  the  power  of  the 
Scottiflimen,  with  artailzie,  munition,  and  all  u- 
ther  inftruraents  of  warre  mete  for  the  purpofe, 
alfweall  by  fea  as  by  land,  not  onlie  to  expel  the 
prefent  power  of  Frenche  within  that  realme, 
oppreffing  the  fame,  but  alfo  to  flop,  as  far  as 
convenientlie  may  be,  all  grytare  forces  of  Frenche 
to,  enter  thairin  for  the  Uke  purpofe ;  and  fliall 
continue  hir  Majefties  ayde  to  the  faid  realme, 
nobilite  and  fubjeftes  of  the  fame,  until  the 
Frenche,  being  ennemies  to  the  faid  realme,  be 
utterlie  expelled  thence  ;  and  fliall  never  tranfadl, 
compound  or  agree  with  the  Frenche,  nor  con- 
clude any  league  with  thame  ;  except  the  Scottes 
and  the  Frenche  fliall  be  aggreed,  that  the  realme 
of  Scotland  fliall  be  left  in  a  dew  freedome  by 
the  Frenche.  Nor  fliall  leave  the  mayntenaunce 
of  the  faid  nobilite  and  fubje£les,  wheirby  thei 
might  fall  as  a  praye  in  their  ennemeis  handes, 
alflong  as  thei  fhall  acknowledge  thair  Soverane 
Lady  and  Queue,  and  fliall  endever  theymfelves 
to  maynteyn  the  libcrtie  of  their  cur. tree,  and  the 
y  y  eflait 


34^  A  i-"  P  E  N  D  i  X. 


eflait  of  the  crown^  of  Scotland  ;  and  yf  in  caifc 
any  fortes  or  ilrenthes  within  the  faid  realme  be 
wonne  out  of  the  handes  of  the  Frenche,  at  this 
prefent,  or  at  any  time  hereafter,  by  her  Maje- 
flies  ayde,  the  fame  fliall  be  immediatelie  be  de- 
jnohflied  by  the  Scottiflimen,  or  dehvered  to  the 
Duck  and  his  partye  at  iheir  optionn  and  choife. 
Ney ther  fliall  the  power  of  England  fortifye  with- 
in the  grounde  of  Scotland,  being  out  of  the 
bowndes  of  Englande,  but  by  the  advyfe  of  the 
faid  Duck,  nobilite  and  eflates  of  Scotland.  For 
the  wiche  caufe,  and  in  refpeft  of  her  Majefties 
moft  gentle  clemency,  and  liberall  fupporte,  the 
faid  Duck,  and  all  the  nobilitie,  alfweal  fuche  as 
be  now  joined  with  him,  as  fuche  as  fliall 
hearafter  joyne  with  him  for  defence  of  the 
iibertie  of  that  realme,  fliall,  to  the  uttermofl:  of 
their  power,  ayde  and  fupporte  her  Majefties  ar- 
mye,  againft  the  Frenche  and  their  parttakaris, 
with  -horfemen,  footmen  and  victuals,  by  land 
and  by  fea,  and  with  all  manner  of  uther  ayde, 
to  the  befl:  of  their  power  j  and  fo  ikall  continew 
during  the  tyme  that  her  Majefties  arraye  fliall 
reniane  in  Scotland. 

Item,  Thei  fliall  be  ennemeis  to  all  fuche  Scot- 
tifliraen  and  Frenche  as  fl.iall  in  any  way  is  fliewc 
jhemfelves  ennemies  to  the  realme  of  England, 

fov 


APPENDIX.  347 

for  the  ayding  and  fuccouring  the  faid  Dwke  and 
I»Iobilite,  to  the  deliverye  of  the  reahne  of  Scot- 
land from  conquefl. 

Item,  Thei  fliall  never  affent  nor  permit  that 
the  realme  of  Scotland  fliall  be  conquered,  or  o- 
therwys  knytt  to  the  crowne  of  Fraunce  then 
it  is  at  this  prefent,  onlie  by  the  mariage  of 
the  Quene  their  Soverane  to  the  Frenche  King, 
and  by  the  lawes  and  liberties  of  the  realme  it 
aucht  to  be. 

Item,  In  caife  the  Frenche  fliall  at  any  time 
invade,  or  caufe  to  be  invaded  the  realme  of  Eng- 
land, they  fliall  furnifti  the  nombre  of  twa  thou- 
fand  horfemen,  and  twa  thoufand  footemen  at 
the  leaft,  or  fuche  parte  of  tyther^  of  theym,  at 
choyfe  of  the  Quenys  Majefl:ie  of  England,  and 
fliall  conduce  the  fame  to  pafs  from  the  borders 
of  Scotland  next  England,  uponn  her  Majefties 
charges,  to -any  parte  of  the  realme  of  England, 
for  the  defence  of  the  fame  ;  and  in  caife  the  in- 
vafion  be  uppon  the  north  partes  of  England, 
on  the  north  parte  of  the  watter  of  Tyne  to- 
wardes  Scotland,  or  againft  Barwyck  on  the 
north  flde  of  the  watter  of  Tweyd ;  thei  fliall 
convent  and  gadder  their  hole  forces  uponn  their 
y  y  2  owen 


34^  appendix; 

owen  charges,  and  iliall  join  with  the  Enghlli 
power,  and  fliall  continew  in  goode  and  earnefl 
profecutionn  of  the  quarrel  of  England,  during 
the  fpace  of  thretty  dayes,  or  fo  muche  longer  as 
thei  were  accuftomed  to  tary  in  the  fieldes  for 
the  defence  of  Scotland,  at  the  mandement  of 
their  Soverauis  at  any  tyme  by  pafl. 

And  alfwa,  the  Erie  of  Ergyle  Lord  Juftice 
of  Scotland,  being  prefentlie  joyned  with  the  faid 
Lord  Duck,  fliall  employ  his  force  and  good  will, 
whair  he  fliall  be  required  by  the  Quenys  Ma- 
jeftie,  to  reduce  the  north  partes  of  Ireland  to 
the  perfytt  obedience  of  England,  conforme  to  a 
mutuall  and  reciproque  contraift  to  be  maid  be- 
tuixt  her  Majefties  lieutenent  or  deputie  of  Ire- 
land for  the  tyme  *  being,  and  the  faid  Erie, 
wheirin  flial  be  conteyned  what  he  fliall  do  for 
his  parte,  and  what  the  faid  lieutenent  or  deputie 
fliall  do  for  his  fupporte,  in  cafe  he  flialMhave  to 
do  with  James  Monneil,  or  any  other  of  the  ifles 
of  Scotland  or  realme  of  Ireland. 

For  performance  and  fure  keaping  wheirof, 
thei. fliall  for  their  parte  enter  to  the  faid  Duckc 
of  ]SIorthfolk  the  pledges  prefentlie  named  by 
him,  befoir  the  entree   of  her  Majeflies  ayde  in 

Scottiflic 


APPENDIX,  349 

Scottiihe  ground,  to  remane  in  England  for  the 
fpace  of  fax  monthes,  and  to  be  then  exchean- 
neged  upon  deliverie  of  new  hoftages  of  lyke  or 
als  goode  condition  as  the  former,  or  being  of 
the  lauchfull  fonnes,  brethren  or  heyres,  of  any 
of  the  Erlis  or  Barronis  of  parliament,  that  have 
or  hereafter  llial  iliewe  thamefelves,  and  fo  perfiit 
open  enemyes  of  the  Frenche  in  this  quarrell ; 
and  fo  furth  from  fax  monethis  to  fax  monethis, 
or  from  foure  monethis  to  foure  monethis,  as  Ihall 
bed  pleafe  the  partye  of  Scotland  :  and  the  tyme 
of  the  continewance  of  the  hoftages  flial  be  during 
tfie  raariage  of  the  QuQue  of  Scottes  to  the  Frenche 
King,  and  one  zeare  after  the  ^ilTolutionn  of  the 
faid  manage,  untill  forder  order  may  be  had  be- 
tuixt  both  the  realmes  for  peace  and  concord. 

And  furthermore,  the  faid  Ducke,  and  nobi- 
lite,  being  Erlis  and  Baroties  in  parliament,  joyn- 
ed  with  him  fliall  fubfcribe  and  feale  thefe  articles 
and  companies  within  the  fpace  of  twenty,  or  • 
thretty  dayes  at  the  uttermoft,  nixt  following  the 
day  of  the  deliverye  of  the  faidis  hoftages ;  ^nd 
fliall  alfo  procure  and  perfwade  all  uthers  of  the 
nobilitie,  that  ftiall  joyn  thymfelves  hereafter  with 
the  faide  Ducke  for  t"he  cauiTe  above  fpecifyed, 
lykewyis  to  fubfcryve  and  feale  thefe  articles  pre- 

fent 


350  APPENDIX. 


fent,  at  any  tyme  after  the  fpace  of  twenty  dayes 
after  their  conjunftion,  uponn  requifition  maid  to 
theym  on  the  partye  of  the  Quenis  Majeftie  of 
England* 

And  fynalle,  the  fald  Duck  and  nobilitie  join- 
ed with  him,  certanelie  perceaving  that  the 
Quenys  Majeftie  of  England  is  theirunto  onehe 
moved  uponn  refpeft  of  princelie  honour  and 
neyghbowrheid,  the  defence  of  the  jufl  freedome 
of  the  crowne  of  Scotland  from  conqueft,  and  not 
of  any  other  fmifter  entent,  doeth  by  thefe  pre- 
fentis  teftifye  and  declaire,  that  thei  nor  any  of 
they  me  meane,  by  this  compare,  to  with-, 
drawe  any  due  obedience  from  their  Soverane 
Ladye  the  Queyn,  nor  in  any  lefall  tiling 
to  withftand  the  Frenche  King,  being  her  hufband 
and  head,  that  during  the  mariage  fliall  not  tend 
to  the  fubverfionn  and  oppreiTionn  of  the  jufl:  and 
auncient  liberties  of  the  faid  kingedome  of  Scot- 
land; for  the  prefervation  wheirof,  both  for 
their  Soveranis  honour,  and  for  the  continewance 
of  the  kingdome  in  auntient  efl:ait,  thei  acknow- 
ledge theimfelves  bound  to  fpend  their  goodes, 
landes  and  lyves ;  and  for  the  performance  of  this 
prefent  contra£le  for  the  parte  of  England,  the 
Quenys  Majeftie  fliall  confyrme  the  fame,  and  all 

claulTes 


APPENDIX.  351 

claufTes  theirin  conteyned,  by  her  lettres  patentes, 
under  the  greate  feale  of  England,  to  be  delivered 
to  the  nobilite  of  Scotland,  uponn  the  entree 
of  the  pleges  afoirfaid  within  the  ground  of 
England. 

In  witnes  wheirof,  the  commilTionaris  for  the 
Ducke  of  Chafteaularault  and  nobilite  of  Scot- 
land befoir  named,  half  fubfcryved  thefe  prefen- 
tis,  and  thereunto  aiExed  their  feales,  the  day, 
2eare  and  place  afoirfaidis. 

James  Stewart. 
Patrik  L.  Ruth  wen. 
JoHNE  Maxwell. 
W.  Maitland. 
Jhone  Wyshart, 
Henricus  Balnaves, 

Sub  figillis  pr^diftorum  commiiTiariorum  de  cera 
rubea  pendente  a  duplicibus  caudis  pergamense. 


No. 


352  APPENDIX. 


No.  XVIII 


THE  FOURTH  COVENANT 


Ane  conira6l  of  the  Lords  and  Barons  to  defend 
the  liberty  of  the  Evangell  of  Chriji, 

AT  Edinburgh,  the  twintie  feventh  of  Apryll, 
the  year  of  God  ane  thoufand  fyve  hundred 
threefcore  years ;  we,  whaes  names  are  under- 
written, haif  promittit  and  obliedged  our  felves 
faithfully,  in  the  prefence  of  our  God,  and  be 
thir  prefent  promitts,  that  we  altogether  in  gene* 
ral,  and  every  one  of  us  in  fpecial  be  himfelf, 
with  our  bodies,  goods,  freinds,  and  all  that  we 
may  do,  fall  fet  forwart  the  reformation  of  reli- 
gion, according  to  Goddes  worde  ;  and  procure, 
be  all  means  pofTible,  that  the  true  preaching  of 
Goddes  word  may  haif  free  paflage  within  this 
realme,  with  dew  adminillration  of  the  facraments, 
and  all  things  depending  upon  the  faid  worde. 
And  ficklyke,  deiply  weighing  with  our  felves 
the  mifbehaviour  of  the  Franche  miniflers  heir, 
the  intolerable    opprelTions    committed    be   the 

Franch- 

*  I3uK.NET,  from  the  original  at  Hamilton. 


A  P  P  Jt  N  D  I  X. 


35: 


Franch-men  of  weir  upon  the  puir  fubjefe  of 
this  rcalme,  be  meyiuenance  of  the  Queen 
dowriare,  under  collour  and  pretence  of  autho- 
rity ;  the  tyranny  of  their  captains  and  leaders, 
and  manifeft:  danger  of  couqueifl,  in  whilk  this 
countrie  prefently  Hands,  be  reafon  of  diverfe 
fortifications  on  the  fea-coaft,  and  other  novel- 
ties of  late  attemptat  be  them  ;  promitts,  that  we 
fall,  als  weell  every  one  with  others,  as  altoge- 
ther, with  the  Queen  of  England's  armie,  prefent- 
ly come  in  for  our  deliverance,  efleflually  con- 
curr  and  joyn  together,  taking  onefold  and  plain 
part  of  the  expulfion  of  the  faid  flrayngars,  op- 
preffors  of  our  liberty,  furth  of  this  realme,  and 
recovery  of  our  ancient  freedomes  and  hberties ; 
to  the  end  in  tyme  coming  we  may,  under  the 
obedience  of  our  King  and  Queen  our  Soverains, 
be  only  reulyt  be  the  laws  and  cuflomes  of  the 
countrie,  and  by  the  men  of  the  land  ;  and  that 
never  any  of  us  all  liaifF  pryvy  intelligence,  be 
writing  or  mefTage,  or  communication  with  any 
pf  our  faid  enemys  or  adverfars  in  this  caufe,  bot 
be  the  advyce  of  the  reft,  at  leift  fyve  of  our 
numbers.  Attour,  that  we  fall  tender  this  pre- 
fent  caufe,  as  if  it  were  the  caufe  of  every  one 
of  us  in  particular  ;  and  that  the  caufe  of  every 
one  of  us  now  joyned  together  being  Iciful  and 
Z  z  honed-. 


354  APPENDIX. 

honed,  fliall  be  all  our  caufes  in  general ;  and  he 
that  is  enemy  to  the  caufe  forfaid,  fall  be  enemy 
to  us  all ;  in  fo  far,  that  whatfomever  ^pcrfon  will 
plainly  rcfril  thir  our  godly  interpryfis,  and  will 
not  concurr  as  ane  guid  member  of  this  common- 
weill,  we  fall  fortify  the  authority  of  the  coun- 
fell,  to  reduce  them  to  their  deuty ;  lykeas  wc 
fall  fortify  the  faid  authority  of  the  counfale  in 
all  things  tending  to  the  furtherance  of  the  faid 
caufe.  And  giff  any  particular  debate,  quarrell 
or  contraverfee  fall  aryfe,  for  whatfomever  caufe 
by  gain,  prefent  or  to  come,  betwixt  any  of  us, 
fas  God  forbid) ;  in  that  cafe  we  fall  fubmit  our 
felves  and  our  faid  queftions  to  the  decifion  of 
the  counfale,  or  to  arbitrators  to  be  named  be 
them ;  provyding  allwayes  that  this  be  not  preju- 
dicial to  the  ordinar  jurifdiftion  of  judges,  but 
that  men  may  perfue  their  anions,  by  ordour  of 
law,  civilly  or  criminally,  before  the  judges  or- 
dinars,  gif  they  pleafe. 


No» 


APPENDIX.  35^ 


No.  XIX, 

Commijfion  by  Franch  and  Mary  to  Deputies  to  aEl 
in  the  fettlement  of  the  affairs  of  Scotland  *. 

FRANCIS  and  Mary,  by  the  grace  of  God, 
King  and  Queen  of  France  and  Scotland,  to  all 
who  fhall  fee  thefe  prefent  letters,  greeting  :  the 
thing  which  we  have  above  all  others  defired  fince 
the  death  of  our  mod  honoured  Lord  and  Father 
the  King  lately  deceafed,  whom  God  abfolve, 
has  been  to  preferve  that  peace,  amity  and  confe- 
deracy eflabliflied  in  his  lifetime  with  our  neigh- 
bouring chriflian  Princes,  efpecially  with  our  mofb 
dear  and  well-beloved  filler  and  coufm  the  Queen 
of  England,  by  the  bell  offices  of  friendlhip  that 
lay  in  our  power,  as  every  one  may  perceive  and 
know,  by  the  fincerity  of  our  actions,  and  our 
gracious  deportment  towards  each  of  the  faid 
Princes.  But  whereas  the  rebellion  of  fome  of 
our  fubjecls  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland  has  been 
the  occafion,  that  upon  the  frontiers  of  the  faid 
kingdom,  and  thofe  of  England,  there  has  been 
fome  gathering  together  of  foldiers  from  both 
Z  z     2  kingdoms 

*   Keith. 


^S^-  APPENDIX. 

kingdoms,  which  may  have  interrupted  in  fomc 
fort  our  common  amity:  for  the  re-eilablifliment 
whereof,  and  to  pacify  the  differences  which  up- 
on this  occafion  may  have  intervened,  we  having 
received  information,  that  our  faid  filler  is  willing 
to  depute  feme  perf.^ns  to  repair  thither  on  her 
part,  do  hereby  publiili  and  declare,  that  being 
defirous  above  all  oth^r  things  to  fee  Chriftendom 
in  repofe,  and  to  continue  that  peace  which  God 
liath  been  pleafed  to  beflow  upon  us,  to  his  hon- 
our and  the  repofe  of  his  people  ;  a  thing  which 
has  been  alfo  very  dear  to  us :  and  having  per- 
fect and  entire  confidence  in  our  trufty  and  belo- 
ved John  de  Montluc  Bifliop  of  Valence,  and  Ni- 
colas de  Pelue  Biiliop  of  Amiens,  both  members 
of  our  Privy-council  ;  James  de  la  Broffe,  Sieur 
de  la  Brolfe,  Knght  of  our  orders,  and  Cham- 
berlain in  ordinary ;  Henry  dentin,  Sieur  d'Oy- 
fel,  gentleman  of  our  bed-chamber,  and  our 
Lieutenant-general  in  the  kingdom  of  Scotland, 
and  Charles  de  la  Rochefoucault,  Sieur  du  Ran- 
dan, a  Captain  of  fifty  men  of  our  gens  d'armes ; 
and  we  being  well  fatisfied  of  their  good  under- 
ftanding,  virtues,  loyalty,  experience  and  con- 
duft  :  for  thefe  and  other  confiderations  us  mov- 
ing,  have  given   commifiions   to   them,   or  any 

three 


APPENDIX,  357 

three  or  two  of  them  in  abfence  of  the  reft,  or 
during  their  necelTary  avocation  elfewhere  ;  and 
by  thefe  prefents  do  give  commiffioa,  order  and 
appointment  to  the  faids  perfons,  or  any  three  or 
two  of  them,  to  tranfport  themfelves  to  the  fron- 
tier of  our  faid  kingdom  of  Scotland,  and  to  meet 
and  affemble  with  the  deputies  of  our  faid  fifler 
the  Queen  of  England,  at  fuch  time,  and  in  fuch 
place,  together  with  fuch  other  circumdances  as 
depend  thereupon,  and  as  fliall  be  agreed  upon 
by  their  common  and  mutual  confent,  and  then 
and  there  to  treat  concerning  the  renewing  of  our 
forefaid  mutual  amity,  and  to  devife  fuch  means 
as  may  ferve  to  compofe  and  make  up  the  differ- 
ences which  may  have  brought  an  alteration  there- 
in, according  as  they  fliall  perceive  the  fame  to  be 
for  the  behoof  of  our  fervice,  the  peace  and  tran- 
quillity of  our  kingdoms,  territories,  and  fubjecls. 
And  in  like  manner,  to  give  alTurance  to  our  fub- 
jcfts  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  that  notwith- 
flanding  they  have  of  late  committed  fo  grievous 
a  crime,  as  to  forget  their  diity  towards  us,  if 
never thelefs  they  fball  repent,  and  return  to  that 
obedience  which  they  owe  to  us,  we  are  willing 
to  receive  them  into  favour,  and  to  forget  all  that 
is  pad,  and  not  afterwards  to  make  any  equiry 

into 


35^  APPENDIX. 

into  their  former  behaviour ;  becaufe  we  are  defir- 
ous  of  nothing  more,  than  to  fee  them  living  un- 
der obedience  to  us,  and  in  peace,  union  and 
tranquilHty  together.  And  generally  to  do  in  the 
premiffes,  the  circumftances  and  dependences 
thereof,  all  and  fundry  things  which  we  ourfelves 
would  or  could  do,  if  we  were  perfonally  prefent, 
even  altho*  fomething  lliouldfall  out  which  might 
appear  to  require  a  more  fpecial  inftruftion  than  is 
contained  in  thefe  prefents.  By  which  likewife 
we  promife  in  good  faith,  and  in  the  word  of  a 
King  and  C)ueen,  to  hold  agreeable,  firm  and  fta- 
ble  all  and  every  thing  that  fliall  be  agreed,  done 
and  concluded  by  our  forefaid  deputies,  or  any 
three  or  two  in  the  abfence  of  the  reft  :  and  to 
maintain,  keep,  obferve,  approve  and  ratify  the 
fame  within  the  time  and  after  the  manner  as  they 
fliall  agree  to  ;  and  that  we  fliall  never  act  in  the 
contrary  thereof  any  manner  of  way.  For  fuch 
is  our  will  and  pleafure.  In  witnefs  whereof,  we 
have  figned  thefe  prefents  with  our  proper  hands, 
and  have  caufed  our  feal  to  be  appended. 
Given  a^  Remorentin  the  2d  day  of  June,  in  the 

year 


APPENDIX,  359 


year  of  grace   1560,  and  of  our  reigns  the  firll 
and  lixteenth. 

Signed,  FRANCIS.     MARY. 

And  in  the  folding,  By  the  KING  and  QUEEN. 
De  P  Aubefpine. 
SeaPd  with  yellow  wax* 
Signed  thus, 

MoNLuc  E.  de  Valence.     Randan. 

And  we  fubfcribers  in  our  own  names,  and  in 
the  names  of  the  reft  of  the  nobility  of.  Scot- 
land, do  promlfe  and  lliall  bind  ourfelves  to  the 
within  contents. 

Then  follows  in  Englilli, 

This  is  the  trew  copy  of  the  original!   conferred 

and  colationed. 

James  Stewart. 

RUTHVEN. 

W.  Maitland. 


No: 


APPENDIX. 


No.  XX. 

The  Concejions  of  Francis  and  Mary  to  the  Nobility 
and  the  People  of  Scotland  *, 

ALTHO*  war  be  fometimes  permitted,  for  ne- 
neffity,  for  felf-defence,  and  for  other  juft  and 
reafonable  caufes ;  neverthelefs  feeing  the  effe(fls 
thereof  are  afflifting  and  mifchievous,  it.muft  of 
confequence  be  difagreeable  and  hateful  to  all  thofe 
who  have  any  thing  of  the  fear  of  God  remaining 
in  them.  For  befides  that  there  can  be  no  war 
without  a  dilfolution  of  the  bond  of  <?hai-ity, 
which  is  the  true  and  certain  mark  whereby  true 
Chriflians  are  difcernable  from  thofe  wicked  ones 
who  bear  the  name  only  of  Chriftianity  ;  humane 
blood  is  therein  ihed  with  far  lefs  regard  than  that 
of  the  brute  beails  in  the  Ihambles  j  the  whole 
body  of  the  people  is  cruelly  created  and  trampled 
upon  J  the  ili-deferving  are  fupported  and  favour- 
ed 'y  the  virtuous  are  oppreiTed,  and  conftrained 
to  abandon  their  houfes  and  families  ;  married 
women  are  forced  from  their  hulbands ;  virgins 
are  hal'd  away,  and  made  fubfervient  to  abomin- 
able 


»  Ki 


APPENDIX.  361 

able  practices ;  widows  and  orphans  are  left  a 
prey  to  tliofe  wliofe  chief  bufinefs  it  is  to  work 
mifchief.  Thefeare  the  effects  of  war:  and  there- 
fore the  cry  of  fo  many  poor  afflifted  perfons  can- 
not fail  to  reach  unto  heaven,  and  be  heard  by 
him  who  cannot  lie,  and  hath  promifed  to  revenge 
the  evil  which  is  done  to  the  defolate,  whom  he  hath 
taken  under  his  o^vn  prote^lion  and  fafe-guard. 
All  which  inconveniencies  and  mifchiefs  have  beeu 
maturely  and  wifely  confidered  by  the  King  and 
Queen  our  Sovereigns,  who  defire  nothing  more 
than  to  maintain  their  fubje£i:s  in  peace,  union 
and  tranquillity  :  and  being  to  their  ^icat  grief 
advertifed  of  the  troubles  v\^hich  have  fallen  out 
of  late  in  this  kingdom  of  Scotland,  following  their 
own  good  and  chriftian  difpofition*  they  have 
given  exprefs  deputation  to  the  reverend  father  in 
God,  John  de  Monluc  Bifliop  and  Count  of  Va- 
lence, one  of  his  Majefty's  privy-council,  and  to 
MelTire  Charles  de  la  Rochefoucault  Knight, 
Seigneur  de  Randan,  chamberlain  in  ordinary 
to  the  King,  and  Captain  of  50  gens  d'armes,  to 
tranfport  themfelves  into  Scotland,  with  orders  to 
appeafe  the  commotions  of  war,  and  reconcile,  if 
pollible,  all  differences,  and  to  notify  to  the  nobi- 
lity, and  all  their  other  fubjefts  in  that  kingdom, 
their  Majeflies  gracious  intentions  to  receive  theim 
A  a  a  into 


3^2  APPENDIX. 


into  favour,  and  to  retain  no  remembrance  of 
any  thing  that  has ,  intervened  from  the  begin- 
ning of  thofe  troubles.  Which  gracious  clemen- 
cy the  Scottifli  nobiUty  have  received  with  all 
due  fubmiffion  cmd  reverence,  both  in  name  of 
themfelves  here  prefent,  and  of  thofe  that  are  ab- 
fent :  and  in  teftimony  of  their  duty,  have  offer- 
ed to  render  to  their  Majefties  all  that  obedience 
which  the  true,  faithful,  and  natural  fubje£ls  of 
this  crown  owe  to  their  Sovereigns ;  promifmg  at 
the  fame  time  to  ferve  their  Majefties  fo  faithful- 
ly, and  fo  to  acquit  them.felves  of  their  bounden 
duties,  that  their  Majefties  fliall  ever  have  occafion 
to  treat  them  favourably.  And  in  order  to  re-* 
move  all  differences  which  are  at  prefent  fubfiftihg, 
as  well  as  to  take  out  of  the  way  the  occafions 
that  may  chance  to  create  new  ones  for  the  time 
to  come,  they  have  prefented  to  the  Lords  Deputies 
a  petition,  containing  certain  articles  for  the  pre- 
fervation  and  mainten^noe  of  their  liberties,  laws, 
cuftoms  and  privileges,  and  of  peace,  union  and 
love  among  the  whole  fubie£ls :  of  the  which  ar- 
ticles, fuch  as  have  appeared  to  be  juft  and  reafon- 
able  to  the  Lords  Deputies,  the  faid  Deputies  have 
granted  the  confirmation,  in  name  of  the  King 
and  C^ieen  our  Sovereigns,  in  manner  after  fol- 
io wing  : 

I.  UPON 


APPENDIX.  ;^6^ 


I.  UPON  the  complaint  made  by  the  nobility 
and  people  of  this  country  againft  the  number  of 
foldiers  kept  up  here  in  time  of  peace,  fupplicating 
the  Lords  Deputies  of  th&  King  and  Queen  to  af- 
ford fdVne  remedy  therein,  for  the  relief  of  the 
country :  the  faids  Deputies  having  confidered  the 
faid  requeft  to  be  jufl  and  reafonable,  have  con- 
fented,  agreed  and  appointed,  in  the  name  of  the 
King  and  Queen,  that  hereafter  their  Majeflies 
ihall  not  introduce  into  this  kingdom  any"  foldiers 
out  of  France,  nor  any  other  nation  whatfoever, 
unlefs  in  the  event  of  a  foreign  army's  attempt- 
ing to  invade  and  polfefs  this  kingdom  :  in  which 
cafe  the  King  and  Queen  fliall  make  provifion,  by 
and  with  the  counfel  and  advice  of  the  three  e- 
ftates  of  this  nation.  And  as  for  the  French  fol- 
diers that  are  juil  now  in  the  town  of  Leith,  they 
(hall  be  fent  back  into  France,  at  the  fame  time 
that  the  Engliih  naval  and  land  armies,  together 
with  the  Scottifli  army,  fliall  remove  in  fuch 
form  as  fliall  be  more  amply  devifed.  And  it  is 
likewife  agreed,  that  fuch  bands  of  Scottifli  fol- 
diers as  are  within  the  town  of  Leith  fliall  be  dif- 
banded.  Item,  That  no  more  than  fixfcore 
French  foldiers  fhall  be  retained  in  the  forts  of 
Dunbar  and  Inch-keith,  to  be  divided  between 
them  two  places :  fixty  whereof,  and  no  more, 
Aaa     2  fliall 


364  APPENDIX. 


fliall  remain  in  the  fort  of  Dunbar.  And  if  the 
ftates  can  fall  upon  any  fecure  means  whereby  to 
retrench  the  expence  laid  out  on  thefe  two  places, 
without  incurring  "the  danger  of  rendering  them  a 
prey  to  thofe  that  would  pretend  to  make  them- 
felves  maflers  of  them,  they  are  at  freedom  to 
acquaint  their  Majeflies  thereof  with  the  foonefl. 
But  the  forefaid  num.ber  of  fixfcore  French  fol- 
diers  lliall  in  nowife  be  augmented  :  nor  ihall  it 
be  allowable  for  them  to  do  harm  or  injury  to 
any  perfon,  nor  yet  to  receive  within  their  forts 
any  Scottifli  men  of  what  quality  or  degree  foe- 
ver,  with  intention  to  fecure  them  from  the  magif- 
trates  of  the  country,  or  defend  them  againfl:  the 
olTicers  of  juftice  ;  nor  ihall  they  take  any  part  in 
any  private  quarrels,  which  may  chance  to  fall 
out  among  the  great  men  or  other  perfons  within 
the  kingdom  :  and  if  any  complaint  lliall  be  made 
againft  any  of  themfelves,  they  lliall  be  bound  to 
anfwer  before  the  ordinary  judges  of  the  land, 
and  lliall  be  liable  to  punifliment  according  to  the 
laws  and  cuiloms  of  the  country.  Item,  It  is  pro- 
vided, that  to  prevent  their  taking  things  upon 
loan,  they  fliall  receive  their  wages  regularly  each 
month.  And  it  fliall  be  lawful  for  two  Scottifli 
gentlemen  chofen  by  the  council,  to  be  prefent  at 
their  mufters,  and  to  infped  the  forts,  lefl;  there 

be 


APPENDIX,  ^6^ 

be  more  men  got  into  them  than  the  ftipulated 
number.  Item,  The  foldiers  belonging  to  thofe 
two  garrifons  fliall  not  take  to  them  any  vi(5luals, 
without  paymg  ready  money  for  the  fame ;  at 
leafl,  they  fliall  not  take  them  againfl:  the  good- 
will and  confent  of  thofe  to  whom  they  belong  : 
and  the  nobility  fliall  be  obliged  to  furnifli  them 
with  as  much  as  they  ftand  in  need  of,  provided 
they  have  money  to  pay  for  the  fame. 

II.  As  to  the  petition  prefented  to  the  Lords 
Deputies  concerning  the  demolition  of  fortiiica- 
tions,  they  have  confented,  agreed  and  appoint- 
ed, that  the  fortifications  of  Leith  fliall  be  demo- 
liflied :  and  as  for  Dunbar,  two  commiflionera 
fliall  be  appointed  by  the  Lords  Deputies,  who, 
together  with  two  Scottifli  m.en,  fliall  vifit  the 
place,  and  confider  what  therein  is  fit  to  be  de- 
moliflied  :  and  fuch  new  works  as  have  been  ad- 
ded to  it  flnce  the  beginning  of  thefe  troubles,  to- 
gether with  fuch  as  may  ferve  to  enlarge  the  for- 
tification, and  render  it  capable  to  receive  foldi- 
ers, fliall  all  be  thrown  down  three  days  after  that 
Leith  begins  to  be  demoHflied.  And  forafmuch 
as  by  the  faid  demolition,  and  the  few  foldiers 
that  are  to  be  left  in  garrifon,  the  place  will  be 
in  danger  to  be  furprifed  j   'tis  accorded,  that 

thofe 


366  appendix: 

tliofe  who  have  prefented  this  petition,  lliall  each 
in  particular  obhge  themfelves  to  defend  it  with 
all  their  force,  againft  all  thofe  that  would  at- 
tempt to  feize  it.  The  fame  thing  fliall  in  like 
manner  be  agreed  upon  by  the  ftates,  with  re-^ 
{peSi  to  the  wardens  of  the  marches.  And  neither 
the  King  nor  the  Queen  fliall  hereafter  caufe  to 
be  built  any  new  fortification  within  this  kingdom, 
nor  yet  enlarge  thofe  that  are  now  fubfifting,  nor 
repair  thofe  that  are  now  to  be  demoliflied,  but 
by  the  advice  and  confent  of  the  ftates.  Neither 
fliall  they  caufe  to  be  imported  any  artillery,  a-* 
munition,  gunpowder,  or  vivres,  in  a  greater 
quantity  than  fliall  be  neceflary  for  the  defence  of 
the  two  fore-mentioned  forts,  and  the  complement 
of  their  garrifons  from  one  half-year  to  another^ 
or  at  mofl:  from  year  to  year,  without  the  advice 
and  confent  of  the  flates  forefaid. 

ill.  Touching  the  petition  for  the  payment  of 
fiich  debts  as  be  owing  within  this  kingdom  by 
the  French  and  Scottifli  bands  in  the  fervice  of  the 
King,  the  Lords  Deputies  have  agreed,  that  the 
King  and  Queen  fliall  caufe  to  be  reimburfed 
whatever  has  been  given  to  the  King's  Lieutenant, 
to  the  Captains  and  other  officers,  for  the  fubfiftence 
of  thefaid  bands  3  and  generally  whatever  the  King's 

Lieutenant 


APPENDIX.  367 

Lieutenant  is  in  debt  for  his  Majefly's  fervice,  whe- 
ther the  fame  appear  by  writing,  or  by  the  confef- 
fion  and  acknowledgment  of  the  parties. 

IV.  Concerning  the  petition  relating  to  the 
aflembling  of  the  dates,  the  Lords  Deputies  have 
agreed,  confented  and  appointed,  that  the  ftates 
of  the  kingdom  may  affemble,  in  order  to  hold  a 
parliament,  on  the  loth  day  of  July  now  run- 
ning ;  and  that  on  the  faid  day  the  parliament 
fliall  be  adjourned  and  continued,  according  to 
cuftom,  from  the  faid  loth  day  of  July  until  the 
I  ft  day  of  Auguft  next :  provided  that  before  the 
flates  fliall  enter  upon  any  bufmefs,  all  hoftilities 
both  by  Englifli  and  Scottifli  men  be  at  an  end, 
that  To  the  votes  of  the  meeting  may  be  uncon- 
ftrained,  and  none  of  them  be  over-awed  by  fol- 
diers,  or  any  other  perfons  whatfoever.  And 
during  the  interval  of  adjournment,  the  Lords 
Deputies  fliall  order  a  difpatch  to  the  King  and 
()ueen  to  advertife  them  of  this  conceflion,  and 
fupplicate  them  mod  humbly,  that  they  would  be 
pleafed  to  agree  to  thai  which  they  have  herein 
accorded.  And  this  aflembly  fliall  be  as  valid  in  all 
refpefts,  as  if  it  had  been  called  and  appointed  by 
the  exprefs  commandment  of  the  King  and  Queen  ; 

provided 


568.  APPENDIX. 


provided  always  that  no  matter  whatfoever  fliall  be 
treated  of,  before  the  forefaid  ifl  day  of  Augufl. 

v.  Concerning  the  article  relating  to  peace 
and  war,  the  Lords  Deputies  have  confented,  grant- 
ed and  appointed,  that  neither  the  King  nor  the 
Queen  fliall  order  peace  or  war  within  Scotland, 
but  by  the  advice  and  confent  of  the  three  eftates, 
conformable  to  the  laws,  ordinances  and  cuftoms 
of  the  country,  and  as  has  formerly  been  done  by 
their  predecelTors  Kings  of  Scotland. 

VI.  Touching  thejpetition  prefented  to  the 
Lords  Deputies,  relative  to  the  political  govern- 
ment and  the  affairs  of  Hate  withiii  this  kingdom, 
the  faid  Lords  have  confented,  accorded  and  a- 
greeed,  that  the  three  eftates  fliall  make  choice  of 
twenty-four  able  and  fufEcient  perfons  of  note  of 
this  realm ;  out  of  which  number  the  Queen  fliall 
fele^l  feven,  and  the  ftates  five,  for  to  ferve  as  an 
ordinary  council  of  the  flate  during  her  Majefly's 
abfence,  for  adminiflration  of  the  government. 
And  it  ihall  not  be  allowed  for  any  perfon  of  what 
rank  foever,  to  meddle  in  any  thing  that  concerns 
the  civil  government,  without  the  intervention, 
authority  and  confent  of  this  council :  and  the  faid 
counfellors  fliall  be  obliged  to  convene  as  oft  as 

they 


APPENDIX.  369 


they  can  conveniently,  and  not  under  fix  at  a  time : 
and  when  any  matter  of  importance  (hall  occur, 
they  (hall  all  be  called  to  coafult  and  give  their 
orders  therein  ;  at  lea  l,  the  greateft  part  inu.1;  be 
prefent.  And  when  any  one  of  the  Queen's  no- 
mination (hall  happen  to  die,  their  MajeiTies  fliali 
make  choice  of  another  to  fill  his  place,  out  of  the 
remainder  of  the  cwenty-four  which  were  at  firlt 
prefented  to  them.  And  in  like  manner,  when 
one  of  the  five  that  were  nominated  by  the  dates 
happens  to  deceafe,  in  that  event,  the  other  fur- 
viving  four  (liall  eleft  another,  out  of  the  remain- 
der of  the  twenty-four  that  were  nominated  firil. 
MoreoverN,  if  the  ftates  fhall  find  it  convenient  to 
add  to  the  number  of  t  ^elve,  two  more  counfel- 
lors  ;  in  that  cafe  the  King  and  the  CXieen  iliall 
chufe  one,  and  the  dates  another.  And  it  is  fpe- 
cially  declared,  that  the  coacelTi  >n  *if  this  article 
fliall  in  no  wife  prejudge  the  King  and  Queen's 
rights  for  hereafter,  nor  the  rights  of  this  crown. 
And  as  for  the  iaianes  and  expences  to  be  paid  to 
the  faids  counfellors,  and  the  officers  under  them, 
tiie  Lords  Deputies  engage  to  employ  their  intereft 
and  good  offices  with  the  King  and  Queen,  to 
obtain  thefe  for  them  out  of  the  revenues  of  the 
B  b  b  crown. 


;70  APPENDIX. 


crown,  provided  they  take  care  to  attend  and  wait 
upon  their  charge. 

VII.  Concerning  the  petition  prefented  to 
the  Lords  Deputies,  refpecling  the  offices  of  the 
crown,  they  have  confented,  agreed,  and  appoint- 
ed, that  hereafter  the  King  and  C)ueen  fliall  not  • 
employ  any  ftranger  in  the  management  of  juftice 
civil  or  criminal,  nor  yet  in  the  offices  of  chancel- 
lor, keeper  of  the  feals,  treafurer,  comptroller, 
and  fuch  like  offices ;  but  fliall  employ  therein  the 
the  native  fubjefts  of  the  kingdom.  Item,  That 
their  Majeflies  fliall  not  put  the  offices  of  treafur- 
er and  comptroller  into  the  hands  of  any  clergy- 
man, or  other  perfon  who  is  not  capable  to  enjoy 
a  flate-office  ;  and  the  treafurer  and  comptroller 
ffiall  be  invefted  with  powers  fufficient  for  the  ex- 
ercife  of  their  refpei^live  offices :  but  it  fliall  not 
De  lawful  for  them  to  allienate  or  difpofe  of  the 
wards  of  marriages,  non-entries,  cafualties,  nor  of 
any  other  things  which  have  relation  to  their  offi- 
ces, without  the  advice  and  confent  of  the  council ; 
that  thereby  the  counfelloi  s  may  be  alTured,  that  e- 
very  thing  is  made  to  return  to  the  Queen's  profit. 
Yet  the  Deputi'es  mean  not  by  this  article,  to  have 
the  Queen  limited  and  retrained  from  a  liberty 

to 


APPENDIX. 


371 


to  grant  peiifions  anct  gifts  where  ilie  iliall  think 
fit. 

VIII.  The  Lords  Deputies  have  agreed,  that 
in  the  enfuing  parliament  the  dates  fliall  form, 
make  and  eftablifh  an  aQ:  of  obUvion,  which  fliall 
be  confirmed  by  their  Majefties  the  King  and 
Queen,  for  fopiting  and  burying  the  memory  of 
all  bearing  of  arras,  and  fuch  things  of  that  na- 
ture as  have  happened  fince  the  6th  day  of 
March,  1558.  And  by  this  aft,  all  thofe  who 
have  any  manner  of  way  contravened  the  laws 
of  the  kingdom,  fiiall  be  exempted  from  the 
pains  and  penalties  contained  therein,  as  if  they 
had  never  offended :  provided  neverthelefs 
that  the  privilege  of  this  aft  be  not  extended  to 
thofe  whom  the  eflates  fliall  not  deem  worthy 
thereof* 

IX.  'Tis  agreed  and  concluded,  that  the  eflates 
(hall  be  fummoned  to  the  enfuing  parliament  ac- 
cording to  cuflom  ;  and  it  fliall  be  lawful  for  all 
thofe  to  be  prefent  at  that  meeting  who  are  in 
ufe  to  be  prefent,  without  being  frightned  or  con- 
flirained  by  any  perfon.  And  the  eflates  fliall 
oblige  thenifelves,  that  in  cafe  there  happen  any 
fedition,  or  gathering  together  of  armed  force 

B  b  b  2  without 


J/ 


APPENDIX. 


without  the  orders  of  the  council,  confifting  of 
the  forementioned  number,  the  whole  country 
fliall  look  upon  the  authors  and  aflifters  thereof 
as  rebels,  and  as  fuch  fliall  purfue  them,  in  or- 
der to  have  them  punilhed  according  to  the  laws 
of  the  kingdom  ;  that  fo  neither  the  King  nor 
the  Queen  may  be  at  any  trouble  in  fending  fo- 
reign foldiers  hither,  for  enforcing  obedience  to 
themfelves. 

X.  'Tis  agreed  and  concluded,  that  there  fhall 
be  a  general  peace  and  reconciliation  among  all 
the  nobility  and  other  fubje£ts  of  Scotland  ;  and, 
it  fliail  not  be  lawful  for  thofe  perfons  who  have 
been  called  the  Congregation,  nor  for  thofe 
who  M'ere  not  of  the  Congregation,  to  re- 
proach each  other  with  any  thing  that  has  been 
done  fmce  the  aforefaid  6th  day  of  March. 

XI.  The  Lords  Teputies  have  offered,  agreed, 
and  concluded,  that  neither  the  King  nor  Queen 
ll:all  profccute,  nor  take  revenge  for  any  thing 
that  is  now  paft  and  gone ;  nor  fliall  not  allow 
their  French  fubje^ls  to  profecute  nor  revenge 
the  fame,  but  fliall  forget  the  fame  as  if  it  had 
never  been  done  :  and  that  the  Lords  and  Gen- 
tlemed  of  Scotland  fliall  comport  themfelves  af- 
ter 


A  P  P  E  N  D  I  X«  373 

ter  the  fame  manner,  for  fuch  things  as  have  paf- 
fed  between  them  and  the  Frenchmen  in  this 
country.  Moreover,  if  by  falfe  reports,  or  by 
other  means,  their  Majefties  have  conceived  fmi- 
fler  thoughts  of  any  of  their  fubje£ls,  they  ftiall 
forget  and  change  the  fame  :  neither  fhall  they 
denude  or  deprive  any  of  their  fubjeifls  of  their 
offices,  ben(^fices,  or  eftates,  which  they  held 
formerly  within  this  kingdom,  upon  account  of 
their  having  had  any  meddling  in  the  things 
which  have  fallen  out  fmce  the  6th  day  of  March 
forefaid  j  nor  yet  affume  a  pretext  or  colour  from 
any  thing  elfe,  to  deal  fo  by  their  fubjefts,  but 
efteem  and  treat  them  in  all  time  coming  as  good 
and  obedient  fubjeds :  provided  alfo  that  the 
faids  Nobles  and  the  reft  of  the  fubjecls  render 
unto  their  Majefties  fuch  an  entire  obedience  as 
is  due  from  faithful  and  natural  fubjefts  to  their 
proper  Sovereigns. 

XII.  'Tis  agreed  and  concluded,  that  it  Ihall 
not  be  lawful  for  the  Nobles  nor  any  other  per- 
fons  to  convene  together  in  arms,  except  in  fuch 
cafes  as  are  approved  by  the  laws  and  cuftoms 
of  the  land  ;  nor  yet  to  invite  and  bring  in  fo- 
rei{;n  foldiers,  nor  to  enterprize  any  thing  againft 
the  authority  of  the  Queen,  the  council,  or  any 

inferior 


374 


APPENDIX^ 


inferior  magiftrates,  under  the  pains  of  rebellion 
and  other  penalties  contained  in  the  laws  of  the 
country.  And  if  it  happen  that  any  perfons  what- 
foever  fhould  pretend,  that  t'ley  had  occafion  gi- 
ven them  to  complain  of  injuries,  and  to  take  up 
arms ;  in  t'^at  cafe  it  fliall  be  free  to  them  to  pre- 
fent  a  fupplication  to  their  Majefties,  but  not 
until  they  have  firrt:  communicated  the  fame  to 
the  council  within  the  kingdom.  Aijd  all  in  ge- 
neral lliall  bind  themfelves  to  perform  this  and 
all  other  things  which  belong  to  good  and  loyal 
fubjefts,  for  the  peace  and  tranquility  of  the 
country,  under  the  pains  forefaid,  and  to  do  e- 
very  thing  that  lies  in  their  power  for  the  pre- 
fer vaci  on  of  the  kingdom  and  the  rights  of  their 
Sovereign* 

XIII.  *Tis  agreed  and  concluded,  that  if  any 
Bilhops,  Abbots,  or  other  ecclefiaftical  perfons, 
fliall  make  complaint,  that  they  have  received  a- 
ny  harm  either  in  their  perfons  or  goods,  thefe 
complaints  fliall  be  taken  into  confideration  by 
the  eitates  in  parliament  ;  and  fuch  reparation 
fliall  be  appointed,  as  to  the  faids  eflates  fliall  ap- 
pear to  be  reafonable.  And  in  the  mean  time 
it  fliall  not  be  lawful  for  any  perfon  to  give  them 
any  diilurbance  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  goods, 

nor 


APPENDIX.  37J 


nor  do  them  any  wrong,  injury,  or  violence.— 
And  whofoever  fliall  aft  in  contravention  to  this 
article,  flicdl  be  purfued  by  the  nobility  as  a 
diflurber  of  the  public  weal  and  tranquility. 

XIV.  'Tis  agreed  and  concluded,  that  the  no- 
bility fliall  bind  and  oblige  themfelves  to  oblerve 
and  to  caufe  to  be  obferved  all  the  feveral  points 
and  articles  comprehended  in  and  granted  by 
this  treaty  ;  and  if  it  fliould  fo  happen,  that  any 
one  among  them,  or  any  other  perfon  or  perfons 
lliall  contravene  the  fame,  in  that  cafe  all  the  reft 
of  the  nobility  and  people  fliall  become  enemies 
to  them,  and  ilrall  purfue  them  until  they  be  pu- 
niflied  according  to  their  defer ving. 

XV.  And  to  the  end  the  whole  kingdom  may- 
perceive  that  the  King  and  Queen  are  willing  to 
retain  no  remembrance  of  all  the  by-paft  troubles 
and  differences,  and  how  defirous  they  are  to 
treat  in  a  favourable  manner  the  nobility  and  the 
other  lubjects  of  this  kingdom,  the  Lords  Depu- 
ties have  agreed,  that  the  Duke  of  Challelhe- 
rault,  the  Earl  of  Arran  his  fon,  and  all  other 
Scottifli  Gentlemen,  fliall  be  reinflated  in  the 
lands,  goods,  eftates,  and  benefices  vvhich  they  for- 
merly held  within  the  kingdom   of  France,   and 

poflTefs 


37^  APPENDIX. 

pofTefs  and  enjoy  them  after  the  fame  manner  as 
they  did  before  the  commencement  of  the  trou- 
bles on  the  6th  day  cff  March  1558,  and  as  if 
thofe  troubles  had  never  fallen  out.  And  like- 
wife  'tis  agreed,  that  all  the  capitulations  made  in 
times  pad,  fliall  be  maintained  and  obferved  as 
well  by  their  Majefties  as  by  the  nobiHty  and 
people  of  Scotland  ;  and  in  particular  that  which 
was  made  and  agreed  at  the  marriage  of  the 
King  and  Queen.  And  the  Lord  David,  fon  to 
the  Duke  of  Chaflclherault,  who  is  now  [pri- 
foner]  in  the  Caftle  of  Bois  de  Vincennes,  Ihall 
be  fet  at  liberty  to  return  into  Scotland,  or  to 
difpofe  of  himfelf  at  his  own  pleafure. 

XVI.  And  whereas  the  Lords  Deputies  have 
fignified,  that  the  King  may  have  ufe  for  his  ar- 
tillery in  France,  'tis  advifed  and  concluded, 
that  no  other  artillery  fh.ill  be  tranf])orted  out  of 
Scotland,  than  what  was  fent  thither  fince  the 
death  of  the  late  King  Francis ;  and  that  all  other 
pieces,  but  efptcially  thofe  which  are  marked  with 
the  arms  of  Scotland,  fhali  be  reftored  to  the 
places  from  whence  they  uere  taken  :  And  for 
the  diiliaguifliing  of  thefe  feveral  pieces  of  artil- 
lery, lour  commifTioners  Ihali  be  appointed,  be- 
fore 


APPENDIX'.  377 

fore  the  embarkation  of   the  troops,    viz.  two 
Scottifh  and  two  French  Gentlemen. 

XVII.  Whereas  on  the  part  of  the  nobles 
and  people  of  Scotland,  there  have  been  prefent- 
ed  certain  articles  concerning  religion,  and  cer- 
tain other  points  in  which  the  Lords  Deputies 
would  by  no  means  meddle,  as  being  of  fuch  im- 
portance, that  they  judged  them  proper  to  be  re- 
mitted to  the  King  and  Queen.  Therefore  the 
faids  Nobles  of  Scotland  have  engaged,  that  in 
the  enfuingconvrention  of  eftates,  fome  perfons  of 
quality  fliall  be  chofen  for  to  repair  to  their  Ma- 
jeflies,  and  remonftrate  to  them  the  flate  of  their 
affairs,  particularly  thefe  laft  mentioned,  and  fuch 
others  as  could  not  be  decided  by  the  Lords  De- 
puties; and  to  underftand  their  intention  and 
pleafure  coticerning  what  remonftrances  fliall  be 
made  to  them  on  the  part  of  the  kingdom  of 
Scotland  ;  and  thofe  Gentlemen  fliall  carry  along 
with  them  to  the  King  and  Queen  the  confirma^ 
tion  and  ratification  made  by  the  eflates,  of  the 
feveral  articles  which  are  prefently  granted  by  the 
Lords  Deputies,  at  which  time  they  fliall  get  de- 
livered to  them  the  confirmation  and  ratification 
done  by  their  Majefties,  and  even  fooner,  if  the 
«fUte3  fliall  tranfrait  their  own  ratification  before 
C  c  c  that 


178  A  P  PEN  D  I  ST. 


that  time.  In  witnefs  whereof,  the  faids  Lords 
Deputies  have  figned  thefe  prefent  articles,  at  E- 
dinburgh,  the  6th  day  of  July  1560. 

No.  XXI. 

The  Treaty  of  Peace  at  Edinburgh  *. 

'TIS  appointed,  agreed,  and  concluded,  that 
all  the  military  forces  pertaining  to  either  party 
by  fea  or  land,  ihall  depart  out  of  Scotland,  after 
the  manner  and  upon  the  terms  as  ftiall  be  agreed 
by  particular  articles  figned  and  fealed  by  the  re- 
fpe£live  commotioners ;  fuch  a  certain  number  of 
French  foldiers  excepted,  as  fliall  be  condefcend- 
cd  upon  by  the  commilTioners  of  France  and  th« 
Lords  of  Scotland,  to  remain  in  the  caftle  of  Dun« 
bar  and  fort  of  Inch-keith. 

Item,  'Tis  appointed,  agreed,  and  concluded,, 
that  all  manner  of  warlike  preparations  m  Eng-- 
land  and  Ireland  againfl  the  French  or  Scots ;  and 
in  France  againll  the  Englifli,  Irifn,  or  Scots, 
fliall  hereafter  ceaie :   fo  that  no  fliip  having  on 

boards 


*  Rymer.     The  articles  confirming  the  treaty  of  Cam^ 
bray  are  omitted  in  this  tranfcript. 
4 


APPENDIX. 


79 


board  any  foldiers  or  warlike  inftruments,  or  pre- 
parations for  war,  {hall  be  allowed  to  pafs  from 
England  or  Ireland,  or  from  any  other  part,  in- 
to France  or  Scotland,  by  and  with  the  confent 
of  Elizabeth  C^een  of  England  ;  nor  from 
France,  nor  any  other  part,  to  England,  Ireland, 
or  Scotland,  by  and  with  the  confent  of  Francis 
and  Mary,  King  and  Queen  of  France  and 
Scotland. 

Itjm,  Seeing  in  the  forementioned  treaty  of 
Cambray,  it  was  agreed  and  concluded,  that  the 
fort  built  at  Aymouth  in  the  kingdom  of  Scot- 
land, fliould  have  been  demolifhed  within  three 
months  after  the  date  of  the  faid  treaty,  razed  to 
the  ground,  and  nothing  ever  thereafter  to  have 
been  built  there  ;  and  although  the  faid  fort  be 
in  fome  fort  demolifhed,  yet  not  fo  as  was  agreed 
upon  ;  therefore  tis  now  appointed,  agreed,  and 
concluded,  that  the  faid  fort  of  Aymouth  fliall 
be  utterlie  demoliflied  and  razed,  before  the  end 
of  four  days  after  the  demolition  of  Leith  fliall 
begin.  And  in  the  demolifliing  of  the  faid 
fort,  fuch  Scottifh  men  as  ftiall  be  deputed  there- 
unto by  the  commiilioners,  fliall  be  at  freedom 
to  make  ufe  of  the  labour  of  EngUfli  pioneers. 

C  c  c  2  Item,, 


380  appendix: 

•^    ~~~  - - ^,-,-  .,  

Item,  Seeing  the  kingdoms  of  England  and 
Ireland  do  by  right  -pertain  to  the  mod  ferene 
Lady  and  Princefs  Elifabeth  ;  upon  which  ac^ 
Gount  it  is  not  lawful  for  any  other  perfons  to 
call,  write,  name  or  entitle  themfelves,  nor  yet 
to  order  themfelves  to  be  called,  written,  named 
or  entitled  King  and  C)ueen  of  England  or  Ire^- 
land,  nor  to  ufe  or  take  to  themfelves  the  enfigns 
armorial,  or  arms  of  the  kingdom  of  England  or 
Ireland  5  therefore  *tis  appointed,  agreed,  and 
concluded,  that  the  faid  Mofl  Chriftian  King  and 
Queen  Mary,  and  both  of  them,  ihall  in  all  times 
coming,  abftain  from  ufmg  and  bearing  the  faid 
title  and  arms  of  the  kingdom  of  England  or  Ire- 
land, and  fliall  ftriftly  prohibite  and  forbid  their 
fubjefls  in  France  and  Scotland,  and  the  pro- 
vinces thereof,  from  ufmg  the  faids  title  and  arms 
any  manner  of  way  ;  and  fliall  likewife  prohibite 
and  take  care,  fo  far  as  in  them  lyes,  that  no  per- 
fon  quarter  the  faids  enfigns  armorial  with  the 
arms  of  the  kingdoms  of  France  or  Scotland.. 
And  if  there  be  any  public  letters  or  writings 
which  carry  in  them  the  title  of  the  kingdoms  of 
England  or  Ireland,  or  be  fealed  with  the  feal  of 
the  faids  kingdoms,  or  either  of  them  ;  the  famp 
lliall  be  renewed,  without  the  adjeftion  of  the  ti- 
tle and  arms  of  England  and  Ireland  ^  and  ail 

lettar^ 


APPENDIX.  381 

f  ■  "  —  — *■ 

letters  and  writings  containing  the  faid  title,  or 
fealed  with  the  feals  of  the  faids  arms,  which  fliall 
not  be  renewed  within  fix  months  after  the  pu- 
blication of  this  prefent  treaty,  fliall  be  void  and 
of  no  avail.  Finally,  they  fliall  take  care  fo  fat- 
as  they  can,  that  in  the  faids  kingdoms  of  France 
and  Scotland,  the  faids  arms  be  no  where  extant, 
feen,  or  found  mixed  with  the  arms  of  the  faids 
•King  or  Queen  Mary  ;  and  that  the  faid  title  be 
no  where  extant,  feen  or  found  afcribed  to  the 
faids  King  or  Queen  Mary. 

Item,  Whereas  the  CommilTioners  of  the  mod 
ferene  Queen  Elifabeth  did  require,  that  the  fore- 
going caution  and  provifion  contained  in  the  clofe 
of  the  article  immediately  preceding,  fliould  be 
publillied  by  open  proclamation  ;  and  did  like- 
wife  infifl  on  a  farther  compenfation  and  repara- 
tion for  the  injuries  which  they  aliedged-  were 
done  to  the  faid  mod  ferene  Queen  Elifabeth,  by 
the  faids  mod  ferene  King  and  Queen  Mary : 
and  whereas  the  commifTioners  of  France,  after 
having  replied  fundry  things  in  anfwer  thereunto, 
did  farther  add,  that  they  had  no  authority  to 
treat  or  conclude  any  thing  concerning  thefe  par- 
ticulars ;  and  if  they  fliould  wait  until  a  return 
ftiall  cope  from  France,  not  -only  would  there  a- 

rifc 


^%i  APPENDIX. 


rife  from  thence  a  great  lofs  of  time,  but  more- 
over flrong  impediments  may  come  in  the  way  of 
compleating  the  prefent  treaty  of  peace  and  ami- 
ty ;  therefore  it  is  appointed,  agreed,  and  con» 
eluded,  that  this  difceptation  concerning  the  a^ 
bove  demands,  namely,  concerning  the  publica* 
tion  of  the  forefaid  caution,  and  concerning  a  far* 
ther  reparation,  fliall  be  remitted  to  another 
meeting  at  London  between  the  faids  commiflion- 
crs  of  both  parties,  to  be  alTembled  as  quickly  as 
conveniently  may  be.  And  if  nothing  can  be 
got  concluded  concerning  the  faid  difceptation 
before  the  end  of  three  months,  to  be  reckoned 
from  the  date  of  this  prefent  treaty  ;  in  that  cafe 
the  faid  difceptation  fliall,  by  confent  of  both 
parties,  be  referred  to  the  arbitration  of  the  moil 
mighty  Prince  Philip,  the  Catholic  King  of  Spain, 
to  whofe  fentence  and  award  both  parties  Ihall 
fland.  And  if  the  faid  Catholic  King  fliall  not 
find  it  convenient  for  him  to  pronounce  a  final 
decree  in  writing  concerning  thefe  matters,  with* 
in  a  year  after  the  aforefaid  three  months  are 
elapfed,  excepting  ftill  if  the  term  fliall  not  chance 
to  be  prolonged  by  confent  of  both  parties  j  whe- 
ther there  be  no  fuch  prolongation  of  the  time, 
or  the  faid  Catholic  King  do  not  put  an  end  to 
the  faid  difceptation  within  the  time  fo  prolong- 
ed ^ 


APPENDIX.  3$^ 


ed ;  in  either  of  thefe  cafes,  the  faid  mofl  ferene 
Queen  Elizabeth's  right  of  fuing  for  thefe  things 
ihall  be  referved  entire  to  her,  in  the  fame  flatc 
and  condition  it  was  in  before  the  commencement 
of  this  treaty. 

Item,  Seeing  it  hath  pleafed  Almighty  God, 
in  whofe  hands  are  the  hearts  of  Kings,  fo  to  in- 
cline the  minds  of  the  faids  Mod  Chriftian  King 
and  Queen  Mary,  that  they  have  largely  mani- 
felled  their  clemency  and  benignity  towards  their 
mobility  and  people  of  their  kingdom  of  Scot- 
land, and  that  reciprocally  the  faids  nobility  and 
people  have  willingly,  and  of  their  own  accord, 
acknowledged,  profeffed,  and  promifed  all  duty 
and  obedience  to  the  faids  Mofl  Chrillian  King 
and  Queen  their  Sovereigns :  for  the  better  pre- 
fervation,  cherilhing  and  continuance  whereof, 
the  faids  Moll  Chrrflian  King  and  Queen  have, 
by  their  faids  commijSioners,  granted  their  alTent 
to  certain  fupplicatory  petitions  prefented  by  the 
faids  nobility  and  people  to  the  faids  King  and 
Queen,  tending  to  the  honour  of  the  faids  King 
and  Queen,  to  the  public  benefit  of  the  faid  king- 
dom, and  to  the  continuation  of  thetr  obedience* 
And  the  faids  Mofl  Chriflian  King  and  Queen 
being  defurous  to  have  their  faid  benignity  to- 
wards 


384  APPENDIX. 

wards  their  faid  fubjefts  attributed  to  the  good 
offices  of  the  faid  mod  ferene  Queen  Elizabeth^ 
their  mofl:  dear  filler  and  confederate,  at  whofe 
interceffion  and  requeft  the  faids  King  and  Queen 
have  been  more  propenfely  movedjiereunto;  there* 
fore  'tis  agreed  between  the  forefaid  coramiffion- 
ers  of  both  parties,  that  the  faids  Mofl  Chrfl  ian 
King  and  Queen  Mary  {hall  fulfil  all  thofe  things 
which  by  there  faids  commiffioners  they  have 
granted  to  the  faids  nobility  and  people  of  Scotland 
at  Edinburgh  the  6th  day  of  July,  in  this  prefent 
year  1560,  provided  the  faids  nobility  and  peo^ 
pie  of  Scotland  fliall  fulfil  and  obferve  all  thoft 
things  that  are  contained  in  the  faids  articles  and 
conventions  to  be  performed  on  their  part* 

Item,  In  this  treaty  of  peace  and  amity  is 
comprehended  on  the  part  of  the  faids  mofl  fe- 
rene Princes  Francis  the  Mofl  Chriftian  King  of 
France  and  Queen  Mary,  as  like  wife  on  the  part 
of  the  mofl  ferene  Elizabeth  Queen  of  England, 
the  mofl  potent  Prince  Philip  the  Catholic  King 
of  Spain,  conformable  to  the  force  and  efFe6l  of 
treaties  fnbfifling  between  the  iaids  Kings  and 
Queens,  their  kingdoms,  territories,  countries, 
and  dominions. 

Item. 


APPENDIX.  385 


Item,  'Tis  appointed,  agreed,  and  concluded, 
that  this  prefent  treaty,  with  all  and  feveral  the 
conventions  and  contents  thereof,  fliall  be  ratified 
and  confirmed  by  the  faids  mod  mighty  and  il- 
luftrious  Francis  and  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  and 
each  of  them,  within  the  fpace  of  fixty  days  af- 
ter the  date  of  this  treaty,  and  fliall  be  turn'd  by 
them  into  letters  patents,  with  their  great  feals  ap- 
pended, and  their  proper  manual  fubfcriptions 
adjoined ;  and  the  faids  Princes,  and  each  of 
them,  fliall  deliver  the  faids  confirmatory  authen- 
tick  letters,  fo  fubfcribed  and  fealed,  to  the  com- 
miflloner  or  coramiflloners  of  the  other  Prince, 
having  authority  to  this  effe£l:.^ 

Item,  'Tis  appointed,  agreed,  and  concluded, 
that  the  faids  mofl:  illuflrious  and  niofl  mighty 
Princes,  Francis  and  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  and 
every  of  them,  fliall  in  the  prefence  of  the  com- 
miflioner  or  commiflioners  of  the  other  Prince, 
having  fufficient  authority  for  this  eifeft,  if  re- 
quired by  him  or  them,  promife  on  their  royal 
word,  and  fwear  ,upon  God's  holy  gofpel ;  and 
every  of  them  fhall  fo  fwear,  that  they  fliall  truly, 
inviolably,  and  in  good  faith,  obferve  for  their 
part,  all  and  every  the  articles,  conventions,  pro- 
D  d  d  vifions, 


385  APPENDIX. 

vifions,  and  pa6ts  comprehended  in  this  prefent 
league  and  treaty. 

Here  follow  the  tefiors  of  the  coiimiljfiom, 

IN  faith  and  teftimony  of  all  which  and  lingu- 
lar the  premifTes,  we  the  forefaids  Commiilioners 
and  Ambaffadors  have  caufed  thefe  letters  patents 
fubfcribed  with  our  hands,  to  be  fortified  and  cor- 
roborated by  our  feals. 

These  things  were  done  at  Edinburgh,  with- 
in the  faid  kingdom  of  Scotland,  the  6tli  day  of 
July,  1560. 

J.  MoNLucius,  Ep.  Valentinus* 
J.  Randan. 
W.  Cecil. 

N.  WOTTON. 


No; 


APPENDIX.  387 


No.  XXII. 

The  Supplication  of  the  Congregation  to  the  Par  Ha* 

ment*. 

The  Barons,  Gentlemen,  BurgefTes,  and  other 
true  fubje^ls  ot  this  realm,  profefling  the  Lord 
Jefus  within  the  fame. 

To  the  nobilitie  and  dates  of  Parliament  prefently 
affembled  within  the  faid  realm,  defire  grace, 
mercy,  and  peace,  from  God  the  Father  of 
our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift,  with  the  increafe  of  his 
Holy  Spirit. 

PLEASE  your  honours  to  call  to  remembrance, 
how  divers  and  fundry  times,  we  (with  fome  of 
your  felves)  mod  humbly  petitioned,  at  the  feet 
of  the  late  Queen  Regent,  for  freedom  and  liber- 
ty of  confcience,  with  a  godly  reformation  of  a- 
bufes,  which  by  the  malice  of  3atan  and  negli- 
gence of  men,  are  crept  into  the  religion  of  God, 
and  are  maintained  by  fuch  as  take  upon  them 
the  name  of  clergie.  And  albeit  that  our  godly 
and  moft  reafonable  fuit  was  then  difdainfully  re- 
D  d  d  2  jefted, 

*  Knox. 


388  APPENDIX. 


jefted,  whereof  no  fmall  troubles  have  enfued,  as 
your  honours  well  know,  yet  feeing  that  the  fame 
neceflity  yet  remaineth,  that  then  moved  us ;  and 
moreover,  that  God  of  his  mercy  hath  now  put 
into  your  hands,  to  take  fuch  order,  as  God 
thereby  may  be'  glorified,  this  common-wealth 
quieted,  and  the  policy  thereof  eflablilhed :  wc 
cannot  ceafe  to  crave  of  your  honours  the  redrelTe 
of  fuch  enormities,  as  manifeflly  are  (and  of  long 
time  have  beenj  committed  by  the  place-holders  of 
the  miniflerie,  and  others  of  the  clergie  within 
this  realm.  And  firft,  feeing  that  God  of  his 
great  mercy  hath  by  the  light  of  his  word  mani- 
fefted  to  no  fmall  number  of  this  realme,  that  the 
do<^rine  of  the  Romane  church,  received  by  the 
faid  clergie,  and  maintained  through  their  tyran- 
nic by  fire  and  fword,  contained  in  itfelfe  many 
peftiferous  errours,  which  cannot  but  bring  dam- 
nation to  the  fouls  of  fuch  as  therewith  fliall  be 
infefted  j  fuch  as  are  the  doftrine  of  tranfubllan- 
tiation ;  of  the-  adoration  of  Chrift's  body,  un- 
der the  form  of  bread,  as  they  terme  it ;  of  the 
merits  of  works,  and  juftification  that  they  al- 
leadge  commeth  thereby  :  together  with  the  doc- 
trine of  the  papifticall  indulgences,  purgatory, 
pilgrimage,  and  praying  to  faints  departed,  which 
all  either  repugne  to  the  plain  fcriptures,  or  elfe 

have 


APPENDIX.  389 

have  no  ground  in  the  doftrine  of  our  Mailer  Jefus 
Chrift,  his  prophets  and  apoflles. 

1.  First,  We  humbly  therefore  crave  of  your 
honours,  thatfuchdo<n:rine  and  idolatry  as  by  God's 
word  are  both  condemned,  fo  may  they  be  abolifli- 
ed  by  aft  of  this  prefent  parliament,  and  puniila- 
m  ent  appointed  for  the  tranfgreflbrs. 

2.  Secondarily,  Seeingthat  the facraments  of 
Jefus  Chrift  are  mofi:  fliamefully  abufed  and  pro- 
faned by  that  Romane  harlot  and  her  fworne  vaf- 
fals  J  and  alfo  becaufe  that  the  true  difcipline  of 
the  ancient  church  is  utterly  now  amongfl  that 
feft  extinguillied  :  for  who  within  the  realme  are 
more  corrupt  in  life  and  manners  than  are  they 
that  are  called  the  clergie,  living  in  whoredom, 
adultery,  deflouring  virgins,  corrupting  matrons, 
and  doing  all  abomination,  without  fear  of  punifli- 
ment.  We  humbly  therefore  defire  your  honors 
to  finde  remedy  againfl  the  one  and  the  other. 

3.  Thirdly,  Becaufe  that  man  offm  fallly 
claimeth  to  himfelfe  the  titles  of,  the  Vicar  of 
Chrift,  the  Succeffor  of  Peter,  the  Head  of  the 
Church  J  that  he  cannot  erre,  that  all  power  is 
granted  unto  him,  &c.     By  the  which  ufurped 

authority. 


39©  APPENDIX. 


authority,  he  taketh  upon  him  the  diflribution 
and  poffefTion  of  the  whole  patrimony  of  the 
church,  whereby  the  true  miniftry  of  the  word  of 
God  long  time  hath  been  altogether  neglefted,  the 
godly  learning  defpifed,  the  fchools  not  provided, 
and  the  poor  not  only  frauded  of  their  portion, 
but  alfo  mofl  tyrannoufly  opprelTed  :  we  likewife 
hereof  defire  remedy.  And  left  that  your  honors 
fliould  doubt  in  any  of  thefe  premifes,  we  offer 
ourfelves  evidently  to  prove,  that  in  all  the  rabble 
of  the  clergie  there  is  not  one  lawfull  minifler,  if 
God's  word,  the  practices  of  the  Apoflles,  the 
fmcerity  of  the .  primitive  'church,  and  their  own 
ancient  laws,  lliall  judge  of  lawfull  ele£lion.  We 
further  offer  to  prove  them  all  thieves  and  mur- 
therers,  yea,  rebels  and  tray  tors  to  the  lawfull 
authority  of  emperors,  kings,  and  princes,  and 
therefore  unworthy  to  be  fuffered  in  any  reform- 
ed common-vv^ealth.  How  malicioufly  they  mur- 
thered  our  brethren,  for  no  other  caufe,  but  for 
that  they  offered  to  us  the  light  of  God's  word, 
your  honours  cannot  be  ignorant ;  and  into  what 
hazard  their  tyranny  hath  brought  this  whole 
realm,  the  ages  after  will  confider.  If  ye  look 
for  other  fruit  in  times  to  come,  than  ye  have 
feen  in  them  whom  we  accufe,  we  are  affured  ye 
Hull  be  deceived.     Now  hath  God,  beyond  ail 

expeflatioQ 


APPENDIX.  ^91 

expe<Slation  of  man,  made  you,  who  fometimes 
were  fuppliants  with  us  for  reformation,  judges, 
as  it  were,  in  the  caufe  of  God  :  at  leafl,  he  hath 
fo  fubdued  your  enemies  unto  you,  that  by  vio- 
lence they  are  not  able  to  fuppreile  the  veriety,  as 
heretofore  they  have  done.  We  therefore,  in 
the  bowels  of  Jefus  Chriil,  crave  of  your  honors, 
that  either  they  may  be  compelled  to  anfwer  to 
our  former  accuflitlons,  and  unto  fuch  others  as 
juftly  we  have  to  lay  to  their  charges ;  or  tKe 
that  all  aifection  laid  afide,,  ye  pronounce  them 
fuch  by  cenfure  of  this  parliament,  and  caufe 
them  to  be  fo  reputed,  as  by  us  moft  juilly  they 
are  accufed  :  efpecially,  that  they  may  be  difcern^ 
ed  unworthy  of  honour,  authority,  charge  or 
cure  in  the  church  of  God,  and  fo  from  hence- 
forth never  to  enjoy  voice  in  parliament :  which 
if  ye  do  not,  then  in  the  fear  of  God,  and  by 
affurance  of  his  word  we  forewarn  you,  that  as 
ye  leave  a  grievous  yoke,  and  a  burden  intolera- 
ble upon  the  church  of  God  in  this  realm,  fo  fliall 
they  be  thorns  in  your  eyes,  and  pricks  in  your 
fides,  whom  after,  when  ye  would,  ye  fliall  have 
no  power  to  remove.  God,  the  Father  of  our 
Lord  Jefus  Chrifl:,  give  you  upright  hearts,  feek^ 
ing  his  glory,  and  true  underflanding,  what  this 
day  he  who   hath  delivered  you  from   bondage 

both 


392  APPENDIX. 

both  fpirituall  and  temporall,  craveth  of  you  by 
his  fervants,  and  your  honours  anfwer  moft  hum- 
bly require. 

No.  XXIII. 

i:he  Abolition  of  the  Mafs  *. 

IN  the  parliament  holden  at  Edinburgh,  the 
tenth  of  July,  the  yeer  God  1560.  The  faid 
parliament  being  continued  to  the  firfl  of  Auguft 
next  thereafter  following,  with  continuation  of 
dayes,  upon  the  twenty  fourth  day  of  the  faid 
moneth  of  Auguft,  the  three  ftates  then  being  pre- 
fent :  the  which  day,  forfomuch  as  Almighty 
God,  by  his  mofl:  true  and  bleffed  word,  hath  de- 
clared the  reverence  and  honour  which  Ihould  be 
given  to  him  ;  and  by  his  Son  Jefus  Chrifl  hath 
declared  the  true  ufe  of  the  facraments,  willing 
the  fame  to  be  ufed  according  to  his  will  and 
woixi ;  by  the  which  it  is  notorious,  and  perfeft- 
ly  knowne,  that  the  facraments  of  baptifme,  and 
of  the  body  and  blood  of  Jefus  Chrifl,  hath  been 
this  long  time  pafl,  corrupted  by  the  papiflicall 
church,  and  by  their  miniflers.     And  at  this  pre- 

fent 


♦  Ki 


APPENDIX.  393 


fcnt  time,  notwithftanding  the  reformation  already 
made  according  to  God's  word  ;  yet  neverthe'effe 
there  is  fome  of  the  fame  Popes  church  that  flub- 
bornly  perfevereth  in  their  wicked  idolatry,  fay- 
ing mafTe,  and  baptizing  conform  to  the  Popes 
church,  profaning  therethrough  the  facraments 
aforefaid  in  quiet  fecret  places,  regarding  therein 
neither  God  nor  his  word  : 

Therefore  it  is  decreed  and  ordained  in  this 
prefent  parliament,  that  no  manner  of  perfon  or 
perlons,  in  any  time  coming,  adminiflrate  any  o£ 
the  facraments  fecretly,  in  any  manner  of  way, 
but  they  that  are  admitted,  and  having  power  to 
that  efFe£l ;  nor  fay  mafTe,  nor  yet  heare  malTe, 
nor  be  prefent  thereat,  under  the  pain  of  confifca- 
tion  of  all  their  goods,  and  punifliing  of  their  bo- 
dies at  the  difcretion  of  the  magiftrates  within 
whofe-jurifdiftion  fuch  perfons  happeneth  to  be 
apprehended  for  the  firft  fault :  banifhing  out  of 
the  realme  for  the  fecond  fault,  and  chaltifmg  by- 
death  for  the  third  fault.  And  ordain,eth  ail  {lie- 
riffs,  ftewards,  bay  lies,  and  their  deputies,  provofl:^ 
and  baylifts  of  burroughs,  and  other  judges  with- 
in this  realm,  to  make  diligent  fuie  and  inquifi- 
tion  within  their  bounds,  where  any  fuch  ufurped 
miniflry  is  ufed,  mafll-faying,  or  they  that  be  pre- 
E  e  c  fent 


394  APPENDIX. 


fent  at  the  doing  thereof,  ratifying  and  approving 
the  fame,  and  take  and  apprehend  them,  to  the  ef. 
fe£V,  that  the  pains  above  written  may  be  execu- 
ted upon  them. 

Extra£lum  de  libro  parliament),  per  me,  &c. 
Sic  fubfcribitur. 

Jacobus  Magill. 

No.  XXIV. 

The  Aholhion  cfthe  Authority  of  the  Pope,* 

IN  the  parliament  holden  at  Edinburgh,  the 
tenth  of  July,  the  year  of  God  1560.  And 
thereafter  continued  to  the  firfl  day  of  Auguil 
next  thereafter  following,  with  continuation  of 
dayes,  upon  the  24  of  the  faid  mon^th  of  Auguft, 
the  three  dates  then  being  prefent,  underflanding 
that  the  jurifdidion  and  authority  of  the  Billiop 
of  Rome,  called  the  Pope,  ufed  in  this  realm  in 
times  pa{t5hath  been  very  hurtfome  and  prejudici- 
al! to  our  Severaigns  authority  and  common-wealc 
of  this  realm.  Therefore  hath  decreed  and  or- 
dained, that  the  Biihop  of  Rome  hath  nojurifdic- 
tion  nor  authority  of  this  realm  in  times  coming. 

And 

'^  Kkox. 


APPENDIX. 


395 


And  that  none  of  our  faid  Several ^ns  fubjefts, 
claim,  and  defire  in  any  time  hereafter,  title  oi 
right  by  the  faid  Bifliop  of  Rome,  or  his  feft,  to 
any  thing  within  this  realm,  under  the  pains  of 
baratrie,  that  is  to  fay,  profcription,  banifhment, 
and  never  to  brook  and  enjoy  honour,  office, 
nor  dignity  within  this  realm  ;  and  the  contrave- 
ners  hereof  to  be  called  before  the  juftice,  or  his 
deputies,  or  before  the  L^rds  of  the  feffion,  and 
punifhed  therefore,  confirm  to  the  laws  o^  this 
realm  ;  and  the  furnifhers  of  them  with  fy nance 
of  money,  and  purchafers  of  their  title  of  right, 
or  maintainers  or  defenders  of  them,  fliall  incur 
the  fame  pains :  and  that  no  Bifhop,  nor  other 
prelat  of  this  realm,  ufe  any  jurifdi^ion  in  times 
to  come,  by  the  faid  Bifhop  of  Romes  authoriiyj 
under  the  pain  aforefaid. 

Extraftum  de  iibro  parliamenti,  per  me, 

Ut  fupra» 


FINIS. 


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