Skip to main content

Full text of "The Naturalist."

See other formats 


DA Pur Adi 7 


A 


MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE NORTH OF ENGLAND 


EDITED BY 
WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, FL. eg 
era TO AND Ex-PRESIDENT OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY; so Hon. SECRETARY 
YorKSHIRE NaTurRA.ists’ Union; JoinT-AUTHOR OF A ‘ HANDBOOK OF THE 
RATE FAUNA OF YORKSHIRE’; Hon. MEMBER OF T BRADFORD 
ISTS’ AND MicroscopicaL SociETY, CLEVELAND NATURALISTS’ 
on NaTuRALists’ Society, Live 
ETC:; 


Crus, M 
NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB} ETC., 


WITH THE ASSISTANCE AS REFEREES IN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS OF 
J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.L.S. 

W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., M.B.0.U GEORGE T. PORRITT, F.L.S., F.E.S 
W. BARWELL TURNER, F.C.S., F.R.M.S 


ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S 


LONDON: 
LOVELL REEVE & Co. 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, E.C 
M°CORQUODALE & Co. LIMITED, CARDINGTON STREET, EvsTON ; 


Leeps: BASINGHALL STREET 


1893. 


PARE AGE. 


THE Editor has again to record his thanks to those who 
have contributed to the continued success of the Magazine, 
whether as contributors of articles or notes, or as supporters 
and readers of the journal. 

He would venture to suggest that in certain parts of 
the field which the journal occupies, he would be glad to 
have more contributions for insertion in the future than 
‘The Naturalist’ has been favoured with during the year 
now drawing to a close. And he might remind all 
supporters that the complexion which the journal assumes 
depends far more upon his supporters than upon himself, 
and that, therefore, should any one desire to see any 
particular department of natural history or any particular 
county in the north of England more adequately catered 
for, the remedy lies to some extent in his own hands. 
Let such a one forward articles or notes bearing thereupon, 
and he will find that he will have the ready assistance 
of the Editor in the matter. | 

One more request. Short notes of important and 
interesting occurrences are the life-blood of such journals. 
Will all readers therefore furnish such brief notices when- 


ever suitable topics come under their observation ? 


atk. NA LUKRALLS® 


For 18993. 


NORWEGIAN BOULDERS IN HOLDERNESS. 
ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S. 


THE geologist whose lot is cast in East Yorkshire has no opportunity 
of examining igneous and crystalline rocks in place without making 
somewhat extended excursions. As a compensation for this, 
however, he has close to hand, in the boulders of the Holderness 
Boulder-Clays, specimens of many rocks of unique interest easily 
collected and studied. These are the spoils of the great Norwegian 
ice-sheet which, during the maximum glaciation of the region, 
crossed the North Sea, grounded in face of the chalk cliffs of 
Speeton, invaded the then bay of Holderness, and mingled its 
burden of foreign material with that brought by native ice from the 
English uplands. The boulders from Norway may be collected 
from the clays, especially the Basement-Clay of Dimlington and 
Bridlington, or from the beach south of Flamborough Head. They 
have been recorded by the officers of the Geological Survey, by 
Mr. Lamplugh and the present writer, and by various local workers. 
Many of them are of such characters as to be distinguished at 
a glance from all rocks of local origin, or from the igneous rocks 
transported from Teesdale, the Cheviots, or the Lake district. Two 
or three leading types are worthy of brief remark. 

(I.) Augite-Syenttes.—After the close of the Silurian period there 
were intruded among the Silurian strata of southern Norway a group 
of crystalline igneous rocks of peculiar types. Chemically they are 
remarkable for their richness in soda, and the mineralogical and 
structural characters of some of them distinguish them, in the eyes of 
the petrologist, from the rocks of all other districts. One marked 
type, largely developed in the coast-stretch between Christiania and 
Langesundstjord, is a variety of augite-syenite which Brogger has 
named /aurvikite, from the town Laurvig. Boulders of this rock are 
not difficult to find on the Holderness coast. It is rather coarsely 
crystalline, and presents a handsome appearance on a broken 
surface from the broad cleavage-faces of the felspars, the lustrous” 
black augite, and the occasional flakes of dark or golden-brown 

The felspars are often grey or dark in colour, and some- 
Jan, 1893. A 


¥ 


Z HARKER: NORWEGIAN BOULDERS IN HOLDERNESS, 


times show a beautiful iridescence on their planes. ‘This, with the 
rather coarse texture of the rock and the tendency of the augite to 
assume a diallagic appearance, points to deep-seated consolidation 
of the rock-mass from which our boulders are derived. A micro- 
scopic examination of thin slices of the rock reveals some interesting 
features, especially the curious intergrowths of different kinds of 
felspar to form composite crystals. 

(II.) Rhomb-porphyries.—Another type of rock associated in its 


crystallised with an unusual habit, such that its outlines, as seen, for 
instance, upon the smooth surface of a boulder, have often the form 
ofarhomb. The crystals may be sharp-angled or rather rounded at 
the edges, and they frequently show irregular patches in their interior 
of different material, as if affected by corrosive action. They usually 
have a dark-grey colour. The fine-grained ground-mass in which 
these crystals are embedded is of a paler grey colour with a violet 
tone, but, when more weathered, it often assumes a reddish tint. It 
is chiefly felspathic, but a microscopic examination discovers other 
minerals, such as augite, apatite, and little flakes of dark mica. 

(II1.) Saussurite-Gabbros.—These rocks belong to another set 
of post-Silurian intrusions, found in western Norway and especially 
in the district around Bergen. They present considerable variations 
in appearance, fs speaking generally, they are evidently crystalline 
rocks of moderately fine to rather coarse texture, and in hand- 


decomposing felspar, never showing the bright cleavage-planes of the 
minerals in the augite-syenites, es the ponntely granular material 
rather vaguely denominated ‘saussurite.” By Reusch and other 
workers in Norway the rocks are conveniently termed saussurite- 
gabbros: the great alterations they have certainly undergone render 
their original character a matter of some doubt. The so-called 
saussurite is an aggregate of albite, epidote, zoisite, actinolite, etc., 

often requiring very thin slices and high magnifying powers to 
resolve it ; for the most part it must be formed by the destruction of 
a ‘necodedelapar The patches of hornblende are no doubt in 
great measure secondary too, and this is indicated in hand- 
specimens by their green colour and frequent fibrous structure. 
Several boulders of saussurite-gabbros have been collected from the 
beach between Bridlington and Flamborough. 


Naturalist, 


HARKER: NORWEGIAN BOULDERS IN HOLDERNESS. 3 


(IV.) Granites.—Among the granites we find less strongly 
distinctive features to warrant identification of the specimens with 
particular masses in situ; still there can be no doubt that the great 
majority of the granite boulders in the Holderness clays must be 
referred to Norwegian sources. The only British granites that we 
should naturally expect in this connection are those of Shap Fell 
and of the Cheviots; the former and apparently one variety at least 
of the latter can be recognised, but the greater number of the 
specimens belong to types widely different. Many are grey granites 

with brown mica (biotite) as a characteristic mineral; others, often 
of greenish grey colour, show both brown and silvery white micas. 
These rocks are of medium to fine texture. In thin slices they 
show bending of the micas and felspars and disturbance of the 
optical properties of the quartz, causing it to give only incomplete 
extinctions when rotated between crossed Nicol’s prisms. These 
are well-known effects of the stresses which accompany great crust- 
movements, and the granites in question doubtless formed part o 

Norw 


the gneissic areas of southern and western so find 
among the de red gra of er grain than the 
preceding, consisting essentially of flesh-coloured felspar with 


microscope shows that the felspars ar icrocline and 
microperthite ; the evidences of violent mechanical disturbance seen 
in the other granites are here wanting e of rock may be 


rather later date than the augite-syenites and rhomb-porphyries 

(V.) Gneisses and crystalline schists—Rocks belonging to these 
divisions are found among our boulders in great variety, and there 
can be no doubt as to their Scandinavian origin, but we have not 
enough information respecting the great development of crystalline 
rocks in Norway to enable us to refer individual specimens to 
precise localities. One type well represented is a banded horn- 
blende-gneiss showing lenticular white and dark streaks about half 
an inch wide, rich in felspar and in hornblende respectively. The 
quartz is partly interstitial, partly in rounded grains enclosed by the 
hornblende. Another type has the dark streaks composed largely 
of deep brown mica, with some silvery white mica in addition, the 
flakes set parallel to the general direction of banding. Another 
rock is richer in felspar and of finer texture, showing a compact 
white mass enclosing grey quartz-grains and black crystals, about 
one-fifth of an inch long, of hornblende with parallel arrangement. 
Still another type is fine-grained and dark, the most conspicuous 
Jan. 1893. 


4 NOTES AND NEWS. 


element being dark brown mica in little glistening parallel flakes, 
while a Jens shows black hornblende in addition. orm Te ists 
and mica-schists are found also of various types, one not uncommon 


like the grain of wood around knots. A finer-grained type has 
smaller garnets, and the white mica more prominent relatively to 
the dark. 

Other types met with among the Holderness boulders might be 
referred to, but with less certainty as to the precise locality of their 
home; such, for instance, as certain quartzites possibly from the 
quartzite-conglomerates of the Bergen district ; and no doubt many 
of the remarkable metamorphic rocks there studied by Reusch may 
have furnished specimens to the ice-sheet which reached our shores. 
Further examination would be certain also to detect more types 
from the Christiania district; probably the red quartz-syenite which 
Brogger has named ‘ nordmarkite,’ which covers a considerable area 
of ground, and his ‘laurdalite,’ a rock allied to the augite-syenites 
noticed above, but containing, in addition, the minerals elzolite and 
sodalite. Indeed an English mineralogist might, perhaps, profitably 
— among our boulders for examples of the ‘syenite-pegmatite- 
veins’ in which the geologist just named has found so long a list of 
rare and remarkable minerals. I have said enough, however, to 
show that these strangers among our local boulders, although they 
form but a small percentage of all those embedded in the clays and 
washed out on to the modern beach, may usefully occupy a collector 
in the district and afford material for interesting petrological studies, 
while illustrating one of those links between Yorkshire an 
Scandinavia of which another writer has spoken in a recent volume 
of ‘ The Naturalist.’ OR eR Ecos 


NOTES AND NEWS. 
Ent pene science has to mourn the decease of one of its most eminen 
votaries, Mr. 28S Stainton, F.R.S., having succumbed toa long and painful 
illness on the ase f December. The value of the work which he has accom- 


qualities | have endeared him to all his contemporaries, as well among those 
knew him only by his writings as among those who had the pleasure of 1 his 


ent a $s0 ; t to t 

it for the ear a satisfaction which will be shared by all who know Mr. Porritt, 
and the work he has himself achieved in working out the transformations of rare 
species of Lipids: —W.D.R. 


Naturalist, 


2 


BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT 
IN THE ninstl othe’ OF 1802. 


JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., 
Eaton Hall, Retford. 


IN publishing this notice in ‘The Naturalist’ on the migration of 

birds in the past autumn in the Humber district, I have again to 

express my best thanks to those friends and correspondents on each 
side of the Humber who have sent me their notes and observations. 

In Yorkshire, I am more particularly indebted to Mr. H. B. Hewetson, 

of Leeds, and Mr. Philip Loten, of Easington. In Lincolnshire, to 

Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby Hall; in the latter case the 

notes sent have a special value as being nearly continuous and the 

observations of a very keen and competent naturalist, who has at his 
command every facility for the pursuit of a favourite study. 

It will be observed that the chief interest of the past season has 
been in connection with the two ‘great rushes’ of migrants, first on 
September 2oth and 21st, and again on October 13th to 16th, under 
exactly the same meteorological conditions ; also in the most unusual 
number of rare or occasional wanderers which have turned up in the 
district. 

So far I have not been able to record either Shore-larks or 
Lapland Buntings, both of which species appeared on the Norfolk 
coast after the easterly gale of October 14th, and the latter in 
extraordinary numbers so as to considerably exceed the total of all 
the known occurrences hitherto recorded in Great Britain—in fact 
more than double the record. 

Pernis apivorus. Honey Buzzard. June 2ist. An immature 
male was shot at Enholmes Hall, Patrington. The stomach 
contained remains of thrushes’ eggs, grubs, and beetles. 

Hirundo rustica. Swallow. July 14th. Wind N., much rain, 
very cold. Many young which had left the nests at Easington, 
died of cold and exposure, and some of the old left the 
neighbourhood. On October 14th, at the same place, I counted 
fourteen young on a spout which was carried across the gable of 
a house. Last seen in North Lincolnshire on October 3oth. 

Numenius phzopus. Whimbrel. August ist. Fairly 
common on the coast at this date and to the end of September. 

Squatarola helvetica. Grey Plover. August ist. Three 

_ young of the year seen by Mr. Haigh at Tetney. Several, both 
adult and young, on the coast between Kilnsea and Spurn on 

Jan. 1893. 


* 
6 ~ CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 


October 13th; one which I shot when flying from the land to 
the coast, had as much soil adhering to the forehead and bill as 
might contain several seeds of plants. 

Hzmatopus ostralegus. Oyster-catcher. August ist. Large 
flock near Tetney Haven. September 6th. Flock of forty off 
Stallingborough fitties, some distance within the Humber. A few 
at Spurn on October 13th. 

Tringa canutus. Knot. August 11th. Young buff-breasted 
Knot in flocks on coast. Birds with the under parts faded to 
pale-orange, and the shiny black feathers on the upper parts 
almost white, have been unusually numerous at Spurn. Two 
also in rich plumage—little faded—were shot near Tetney on 
September 1st. The flights this autumn have been unusually 
large. Enormous masses of young Knot were seen on the beach 
at Sandy Island, Heligoland, on September 4th. 

Totanus canescens. Greenshank. August t2th. A few on 
the coast near Tetney. Were fairly common on both sides of 
the Humber to the end of September. I shot one near 
Kilnsea on October 13th, but lost it in the sea, and saw a single 
bird on the fitties near Tetney on November 3rd—a late date. 

Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. August 12th. Some on Lincoln- 
shire coast. Oct. 12th; of three shot at the Spurn to-day not one 
was quite in winter plumage. 

Machetes pugnax. Ruff. August roth. Ruff — Reeve 
seen by Mr. Haigh on North Cotes shore. One, a young male, 
shot near Kilnsea, in September. 

—— atricapilla. Pied Flycatcher. August roth. 
Mr. Haigh saw many young birds on Lincolnshire coast, near 
North Cotes; some also were seen in the Spurn district. 
Mr. H. B. Hewetson, in the last fortnight in August, when 
returning from Sweden to Hull, in s.s. ‘Cameo,’ writes, ‘about 
mid-ocean two Pied Flycatchers, a young Redstart and Sanderling 
came on board. There was again a very considerable 
arrival of the species on the Lincolnshire coast on Sept. 7th, 
seen by Mr. Haigh, ‘scattered and single all along the sea-bank 
and adjoining hedges, from North Cotes to Grainthorpe Haven.’ 

Heligoland. ‘Enormous numbers of Muscicapa luctuosa and 
Sylvia phenicurus have been visiting the island, beginning with 
the former as early as August 8th; 18th a perfect rush; 4th 
Sept., again from noon a great many; wind in the morning 
light W., changing at 12 p.m. to N. On the a2zst again a rush 
of above mixed with /rochilus, hortensis, and a sprinkle of 
rubecula and suecica (H. Gatke) 


Naturalist, 


* * 
CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 7 


Saxicola cenanthe. Wheatear. August 14th to end of 
September; great numbers on passage oe N. to S. along 
coast at intervals. On Sept. 18th, Mr. H. B. Hewetson, of 
Leeds, in company with his two sons, qo rved a russet- 
coloured Wheatear with the sides’ of the head ath throat black, 
near the chalk embankment at the Spurn; he wrote, ‘I was 
quite close to it for some time as we walked along, it flew on 
with a party of Wheatears.’ It may have been an adult male of 
Saxtcola stapazina or perhaps 5S. deserti; but presuming that 
Mr. Hewetson’s sketch of the head of this bird, which he sent 
me shortly after seeing it, is absolutely correct as to the 
extension of the black to the lower throat, it is suggestive rather 
of S. melanoleuca (Giild.), the eastern form of the Black-throated 
Chat. On Oct. 16th, I saw a few Wheatears which had come 
in with the ‘great rush’ on 14th and r5th, perched on rails 
and See fine brown birds—near Kilnsea and 
Easington shore 

Totanus ee Wood Sandpiper. Sept. 1st. Mr. Haigh 
reports a bird of the year, shot from a pond in Grainsby Park. 

Limosa lapponica. Bar-tailed Godwit. Aug. 22nd. A flock 
was seen by Mr. Haigh on the coast—very considerable numbers 
on the mud within the Spurn in September. Have been very 
common in the Humber during the autumn. 

Tringa minuta. Little Stint. Aug. 19th. A pair seen on the 
Lincolnshire coast, and after this very numerous both there and 
at the Spurn, and in the latter locality in flocks of various sizes 
up to forty together, to the middle of September. On the 16th 
Mr. Haigh shot one near Saltfleet Haven, and saw another. 


Tringa subarquata. Curlew Sandpiper. From the middle 
of August to the middle of September very common on both 
sides of the Humber. At Spurn several were shot having the 
underparts more or less a faded red or mottled with dull red, 
all the most richly-coloured obtained being, as Mr Hewetson 
informs me, old females. Those obtained on the Lincolnshire 
coast had buff breasts. Last observed on Lincolnshire coast by 
Mr. Haigh on October sth. 

Anthus pratensis. Meadow Pipit. August 24th. Great 
numbers on passage. Swarming on Lincolnshire coast. 

Mareca penelope. Wigeon. August 26th. First Wigeon on 

coast. October gth. Six young of year on sea-ponds at 
Easington—four shot. 


Jan. 1893. 


8 CORDEAUX *1RD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 

Phylloscopus trochilus. Willow Wren. September 1st. 
Mr. Haigh reports a considerable movement on the Lincolnshire 
coast. The last local bird seen by me was on September 25th. 
On October 14th and 15th, with an easterly gale and continuous 
rain there was a large immigration on the Holderness coast, the 
hedges and gardens near Kilnsea swarmed with them. Those 
I observed were very distinctly brownish on the upper surface, 
and the eye-streak was not very clearly define 

Tadorna casarca. Ruddy Sheld-drake. September tst. 
One, a female, apparently in immature plumage, was shot from 
a pond on Humberstone ‘ fitties’ by a Cleethorpes gunner, and 
is recorded by Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh (Zool., 1892, p. 360) in 
whose collection it now is. 

Querquedula circia. Garganey. September roth. A young 
male was shot near Easington. This is the first autumn 
example I have ever had to record in the Humber district. 

Puffinus anglorum. Manx Shearwater. One was killed 

, against the telegraph-wire near Easington in September. 
Mr. Gatke, writing from Heligoland, says that on October 21st 
one was obtained there, the first occurrence since fifty years 
ago, when it was not unfrequent. 

Motacilla raii. Yellow Wagtail. September 13th. Mr. Haigh 
observed a great immigration of this species on the Lincolnshire 
coast, young and old, all day, continuously from east, in flocks 
of five to fifty. For a detailed account of the migration of 
M. rait, see Zool., 1892, pp. 389-91. 

Ruticilla pheenicurus. Redstart. September 21st. Mr. Haigh 
writes :—‘ We have had the heaviest rush of small insect-eating 
birds that I have ever seen. On the 2oth the wind shifted to 
N.E., and in the evening of that day it blew hard and rained 
in torrents all night. On the 21st I went down to the coast and 
found all the hedges swarming with Redstarts ; some had got 
as far inland as Grainsby village (about five miles from coast). 
Other small birds were Whitethroats, Robins, Pied and Spotted 
Flycatchers, Wheatears, Hedge Sparrows, and a few Blue Tits. 
When the hedges were beaten the little birds came out in 
clouds, the Redstarts more numerous than all the rest put 
together.’ ‘On the 22nd Redstarts had decreased and Robins 
increased.’ Between Easington and the Spurn on the 21st and 
the 22nd, a great many Redstarts. In connection with this 
immigration of Redstarts and Robins see Mr. J. H. Gurney’s 
‘Notes from Norfolk’ (Zool., 1892, p. 401). At Heligoland on 


Naturalist, 


¥ 


» 
CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 9 


the 21st, a rush of Redstarts, and a sprinkle of Robins and 
Bluethroats. October roth. Spurn. One young male shot. 
15th. One male seen. Mr. Haigh shot one on the roth, 
thinking it might be 2. zitys. 

Erithacus rubecula. Robin. September zrst. First immigration 
as recorded above. Again on October 14th, 15th, and 16th. 
Easterly gales and heavy rain. An immense arrival in the Spurn 
district. Thousands came in and the hedges and gardens about 
Kilnsea and Easington were full of Robins. I counted up to 
fifty in one part of the warren-house garden in company with 
Goldcrests and Willow Wrens; many also had dropped in the 
long sea grass on the sand-hills, and some caution was necessary 
to avoid stepping on them, so reluctant were they to move. 
The movement extended also to the Lincolnshire and Norfolk 
coasts. Heligoland, Mr. Gatke says:—‘We had rubecuda and 
Regulus on the 11th, rzth, and 13th, the former in great 
numbers.’ 14th. ‘Only in the morning great rush over the 
island, but not staying.’ The arrivals on the Holderness 
coast had all of them very pale-coloured breasts. 

Accentor modularis. Hedge Sparrow. September 21st. Many 

n the Lincolnshire coast, first flight. October 14th to 16th. 
Great numbers at Spurn, Kilnsea, and Easington, with others. 
Ruticilla suecica. Red-spotted Bluethroat. September 
21st. Mr. Haigh writes :—‘On a hedge at North Cotes I saw 
an immature Bluethroat ; it came out and sat on a twig within 
three feet of my face. Sihieticindly I got a snap shot at it, 
but falling, probably only winged, in very thick cover, was not 
recovered, although I spent most of the afternoon with two men 
looking for it.’ In the Spurn district one at least was seen ; in 
Norfolk also‘ a few Bluethroats’ (Zool., 1892,p. 401). Heligoland; 
September 21st. ‘A sprinkle of rubecuda and suecica.’ 

Anthus obscurus. Rock Pipit. September 22nd. First 
noticed on migration on Lincolnshire coast. October 3rd, more. 
On November 3rd, I saw many between Tetney and Grainthorpe 
Haven, chiefly confined to the banks of the outfall drains which 
cross the ‘ fitties.’ 

Plectrophenax nivalis. Snow Bunting. October grd. First 
flock seen at Easington. October 13th to 16th. A few adult 
birds. October 22nd. A large flock came in at North Cotes. 
Again on October 28th, Mr. Haigh saw large flocks of Snow 
Bunting coming in from sea on Lincolnshire coast. November 
zoth. At this date Mr. Hewetson reports ‘there are tens of 
thousands of Snow Bunting about Kilnsea, I never saw any- 

Jan. 1893- 


ize) CORDEAUX : BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 


thing at all like it—shore and cliffs and stubbles alive, in flocks 
like Dunlin or Knot.’ Nov. 29th, Lincolnshire coast, immense 
immigration, inland to S.S.W., continuously to 3.30 p.m. 

Anser brachyrhynchus. Pink- footed Goose. Flocks arrived 
on the coast in the fourth week of September. 

Scolopax rusticula. Woodcock. Sept. 24th. A few early 
birds in the Spurn district. Oct. 13th to 16th. First flight, 
night of 14th or on early morning of 15th—of fourteen shot on 
this day, all of which I examined, seven were presumably young, 
having the outer web of the first primary brownish and with 
regular notch-like markings through its length, four had the 
outer web greyish-white and the notches obliterated ; of the 
remaining three the markings were of an intermediate character, 
perhaps birds of the previous year. Presuming that the clear- 
ness or otherwise of the notches is indicative of youth or age, 
it would seem that both the old and young migrate at the same 
date and in the same flight. 

Asio accipitrinus. Short-eared Owl. Oct. 14th to 16th. 
A came at the same date as the Woodcock. I have an 
example shot this year at Spurn on August 6th—a very early date. 

Falco zsalon. Merlin. Several seen about Kilnsea first fort- 
night in October. 

Asio otus. Long-eared Owl. Oct. 15th. One shot on the 


Phylloscopus superciliosus. Yellow-browed Warbler. 

r. Haigh has recorded in ‘The Zoologist,’ 1892, 

; ce aving shot one from a hedge near the sea-bank at 

North oe In his letter to me announcing the capture, he 
says, ‘It is the fattest little bird I ever skinned.’ 

Regulus cristatus. Gold-crested Wren. Oct. 14th to 16th. 
Easterly gale, heavy rain, and very thick at sea. An enormous 
immigration of Goldcrests into the Spurn district, much the 
largest I have seen or recorded. One on 13th, wind N.; great 
numbers on 14th, E. gale; but on the 15th they seemed to have 
increased tenfold, swarming in every part of the district wherever 
any shelter or cover could be found—hedges and gardens were 
full—and the tiny birds so tame that they might have readily 
been taken with a butterfly net. Many were killed by country 
boys, and the village cats had a grand time of it, so also had the 
Grey Shrikes. The sallow-thorns covering the sand-hills between 
Kilnsea and the Point were densely crowded, each little migrant 
an animated olive leaf with a lady-bird on the stalk. On the 
Lincolnshire coast, Mr. Haigh says, ‘The rush of Goldcrests 


Naturalist, 


CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. II 


was quite unprecedented in my experience. I did not see one 
on the 13th, but on the 14th and 15th they swarmed in every 
hedge in thousands, and were so tame that they could almost be 
taken by hand. Robins and Hedge Sparrows are also numerous.’ 
On the Norfolk coast on the 15th, Robins are reported ‘in 
hundreds,’ ‘Goldcrests in swarms.’ They are also named in 
Mr. M. Bailey’s Flamborough Bird-notes, Nat. 1892, p. 326, in 
swarms after the 13th. How much further to the north and 
also south this remarkable seein extended we have 
unfortunately no means of know 
Regulus ignicapillus. cae Wren. October 15th. 
When watching the Goldcrests passing inland from the coast 
to-day, I had the good fortune to see for some minutes a fine 
adult male Fire-crested Wren which came into the hedge under 
which I was sheltering, and perched on a twig close to my face, 
_having first made an attempt to alight on the stick of an open 
umbrella held horizontally across the shoulder. It was a finer 
example than one I got from Easington in 1889 (Nov. 4th). 
Amongst the many thousands of Goldcrests this was the only 
one I came across, although making much careful search. 
Lanius excubitor and L. major. Great Grey Shrike. October 
I5th. Mr. R. Hewetson and Mr. Craggs Clubley, of the Warren- 
house farm, when looking for woodcock saw twenty Grey Shrikes 
between Kilnsea and Spurn—five or six together, the rest singly. 
On the morning of the 16th I saw seven or eight between 
Easington and Kilnsea. One of these I beat from a black-thorn 
thicket where he was doing his best to circumvent a Goldcrest, 
the place swarming with them. Another was hovering kestrel- 
like over a stubble-field, and often changing position from place 
to place, others on the wing or perched on the highest twigs in 
hedge-rows, one on the telegraph wire. In the warren-house 
garden a handsome adult male, with one wing spot, strove hard 
to catch a Robin, both chaser and chased threading their way 
through several clumps of broom and gorse; finally the Robin 
got into an elder bush, and the Shrike just above him ready to 
seize ; luckily for the intended victim, he managed to drop into 
a hole in some loose rockwork. The Shrike watched the spot, 
his head on one side, most intently, like a cat; but after a time 
gave it up, perching on the handle of a spade, from which point 
of vantage he speedily pounced on a Goldcrest, seizing it by 
the nape, and the last I saw of him was trying to fasten it on 
the spikes of a wire fence. The mob of small birds in this 
____ garden, and the Goldcrests in the black-thorn, did not show any 


Jan, 1893. an. 1893. 


12 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 


dread of the Shrike, although in their very midst, treating him 
as a most harmless and privileged guest, and in very singular 
contrast to the commotion amongst small birds 

‘When the falcon’s shadow saileth across the open shaw.’ 
Here too, in this garden, was a cat, so gorged with small birds 
as to be incapable of further mischief. Grey Shrikes are 


heard of none on the Lincolnshire coast. In Norfolk, two were 
shot near Yarmouth, and others seen about the 16th, as 
Mr. Gurney informs me. 

Gallinago celestis. Common Snipe. October r4th to 16th. 


‘first flight’ of foreigners, September 20th and 21st. Local 
birds were shot near Kilnsea as early as third week in August. 
Gallinago gallinula. Jack Snipe. October 14th to 16th. 
e same remark will apply, but in less number. First shot by 

Mr. Haigh on September 24th. 
Pratincola rubicola. Stonechat. October 13th. A few near 


irds. 

Turdus merula. Blackbird. October 15th. E. gale, rain. 
In very considerable numbers on the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire 
coast, and not observed before this date in any number. 

Turdus torquatus. Ring Ouzel. September 21st and 22nd. 
One picked up killed against telegraph-wire at Easington, 
several seen there same date. October 15th. E. gale, rain. 
Many about Kilnsea and Spurn. Lincolnshire coast, pretty 
common on 14th and r5th. I found none near Kilnsea on 
16th, and Mr. Haigh says on the roth ‘all the Ring Ouzels 
have left.’ They are as a rule very soon off again, rarely 
remaining longer than a day or two anywhere when on passage. 
November 7th. At Easington, several seen. 

Turdus iliacus. Redwing. October 13th. A few in bents 
and sallow-thorns on Spurn coast, more towards evening. On 
the 14th and 15th, great flight with others. 

Turdus musicus. Song Thrush. October roth. I flushed 
several to-day from swedes when shooting along Dimlington 
high land and close upon the cliff edge. From their manner 
they were evidently fresh arrivals in the previous night. Great 
numbers came in from the 13th to 16th and subsequent days. 

Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. A few on October 16th, but the 
multitude after this date, following the gale and not preceding 
it. October 22nd. First seen on Lincolnshire coast. 


Naturalist, 


CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 13 


Cypselus apus. Swift. October roth. One seen at dusk near 
Easington. 

Corvus cornix. Hooded or Grey Crow. October 3rd. 
First arrivals on the Lincolnshire coast. The main body did 
not arrive till the 16th at early morning, when many were seen 
about Spurn and Kilnsea. These likewise followed the easterly 
gale and did not precede it. 

Vanellus vulgaris. Lapwing. September 24th. On Lincoln- 
shire coast several flights about this date, and on October 4th 
and 5th. Great numbers also from October 16th to 2oth, the 
fag-end of the ‘ great rush... On November 3rd, on the coast 
between Tetney and Grainthorpe Havens I noticed Lapwings 


in 
intervals, flying very low and passing inland; the movement 
ceased at 2 p.m. e wind on the previous night had been 
east and squally. This day, however, for sunshine and 
temperature was a midsummer one, and almost too warm to 
carry winter clothing. There were very few birds to be seen 
on the coast beyond the noisy Redshank and a few handsome 
Redwing in the bents. In the afternoon, however, as the tide 
came in, vast flights of Knot and Dunlin got on the wing and 
went careering southwards—now invisible, and then instantly 
passing into clouds of drifting snow-flakes. Through the morning 
I had marked along the outer rim of the horizon those long 
white lines suggestive of breakers, but these never changed 
their outlines, and with the aid of a glass became speedily 
resolved into thousands of gulls on distant sands. h 

Iked this coast for nigh forty years now, in all seasons 
and weathers—other old haunts have changed their character, 
but this changeth not—it is ever the same, ‘the level 
waste, the rounding grey’—a dreary interminable expanse 

mud, shifting sand, and water; a foreground of low sand- 
hills, barren or clothed with reed-like grasses and prickly sallow- 
thorn, ‘ fitties, broken by creeks and spread with irregular 
shallow pools of brackish water fringed by a dense growth of 
salt-loving plants. 

* Miles and miles and miles of desolation! 


Sign or token of some eldest nation 
Here would make the strange land not so strange. 
Time forgotten, yea since Time’s creation, 
m rders where the sea-birds range.’ 
Tringa alpina. Dunlin. Oct. 13th. One near Kilnsea with 
black breast. 
Jan. 1893. 


. 


I4 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 


Buteo lagopus. Rough-legged Buzzard. Oct. 15th. Two 
seen on coast near Kilnsea; other buzzards seen about this time 
but not identified. 

Alauda epee Sky-Lark. Oct. 13th to 20th. Great 
immigra 

Sturnus Saieaie Starling. Oct. 13th to 2oth. The same. 
Many were killed against the telegraph-wires on Kilnsea 
Common and towards Spurn. 

Corvus frugilegus. Rook. Oct. 15th to 19th. Great 
immigration. 

Uria troile. Common Guillemot. Oct. 16th. I found one 
in full winter plumage, and in excellent condition, dead in a lane 
near Easington. It was a storm-driven bird, and had been 
brought inland by the easterly gales of the iy day. 

niceee ispida. Kingfisher. Oct. 2oth. I saw the first on 

otes Beck. Mr. Haigh aub saw the first he ave seen this 
season on the Lincolnshire coast. 

Phylloscopus rufus. Chiffchaff. Oct. 14th. Mr. Haigh shot 
the only one he has ever seen on migration on the Lincolnshire 
coast. 

Garrulus glandarius. Jay. Oct.12th Mr. Haigh, writing from 
Grainsby Hall, says: ‘We had very large numbers here on the 
12th and again on the 15th.’ None have been observed at 
Heligoland. 

Sylvia nisoria. Barred Warbler. Oct. 19th. One, a bird of 
the year, was shot by Mr. J. W. Jalland, of Hull, at Easington 
at this date, thinking it might be a Bluethroat. . This is the 
second example recorded from that locality. It was exhibited 
by Professor Newton at the meeting of the Zoological Society 
in London on November 1st, and subsequently acquired by 
Mr. W. Eagle Clarke for the Science and Art Museum, 
Edinburgh. 

Columba palumbus. Wood Pigeon. Oct. 23rd. Migratory 
flock seen at Grainsby. 

Fringilla montifringilla) Brambling. Oct. 30th. Two flocks 
of these handsome finches were seen near Easington by 
Mr. Jalland. Also a few Shore-larks. 

Coturnix communis. Quail. Nov. 3rd. One was shot near 
Easington, and another near Hornsea, in the third week in 
September. ; 

fowember 22nd, 1892. 


Naturalist, 


BRITISH FUNGUS FLORA. 
yeoomes iy Flora: A Classified Text-book of Mycology. By 
MassEE. In three volumes. Vol. I. Price 7s. 6d. Geo. Bell 

mya aa London, 1892. 

The student of British Mycology is ready to admit that for many 
years he has had to labour under difficulties, owing chiefly to the fact 
that no text-book was available on the subject containing descriptions 
of the British species. After a mycological excursion, he considered 
himself lucky should he succeed in determining one-half of the 
species collected. The doubtfuls, as a rule, were pitched into the 
dust-bin, a ready method of settling them, and there can be no 
question that many good species—and probably new ones—have 
often found their way into that useful receptacle. » 

It is more than twenty years since Dr. Cooke published the 
‘Handbook of British Fungi,’ a work which has served its purpose 
admir ably and to which most British mycologists of to-day are 


But since the publication of the Handbook, mycology has advanced 
by leaps and bounds in every direction, and the number of British 
species has almost doubled. So that there is not much cause to 
awe ae an up-to-date edition has often been devoutly wished 
for. where was the person competent to bring out a work 
dealing an something like five thousand species? And when 
Stephenson’s ‘ Hymenomycetes 5 Brtaaniel (1886), Phillips’ eemne 
Discomycetes’ (1887), Plowright’s ‘British Uredinez and Ustilagine 
(1889), and other monographs made their appearance, it was <p ae 
that our mycological flora was to be dealt with piecemeal, and the 
student — content, awaiting further monographs. 
ne in this country knew more of the disadvantages of 

mycological students than our esteemed member of the Y.N.U., 
Mr. George Massee, of Kew, and no one was more competent to 
supply the requirements of students. ‘The first volume of ‘ British 
Fungus Flora’ will therefore be hailed with delight, and we have 
pleasure in stating at the outset that the work is a truly honest 
production, and full of merit. It is in every sense well ‘ got-up,’ the 
paper, printing, and binding leaving nothing to be desired. 

€ present volume is devoted to Basidiomycetes, and in the 
introduction a well-written but brief description is given of the nature 
and origin of Fungi. After describing the ooh ih ea of the 
Pasidiouycste: the work practically begins. Unlike previous books 
on this subject, the Gastromycetes take the lead, and it is at once 
evident that the author has taken pains to make the species of this 
group more easy of recognition than they have hitherto been. 
Jan. 1893. 


16 REVIEW: BRITISH FUNGUS FLORA. 


The Order Pilacrez with its single genus of two species, hitherto 
classed with the Hyphomycetes, is doubtless rightly placed, as a 
connecting link between the Gastromycetes and Hymenomycetes. 
A good account is next given of the structure and chief characteristics 
of Hymenomycetous fungi, after which follow descriptions of the 
families and species. In previous works it has been the custom to 
commence this group with the highest-developed species and proceed 
downwards, but Mr. Massee does not always believe in following 
a beaten track, and has preferred to begin with the lowest forms, 
Tremellineze. We do not, however, see any advantage in the change. 
Much labour has been bestowed upon the family Thelephorez, and 
several new genera have been created. It is evident that the author 
has been at a loss what names to adopt for these new genera, and in 
our opinion it would be quite as easy to select a characteristic name 
both for genera and species, rather than after individuals. 

In the Polypore the dividing of Fo/yforus into four genera is a 
welcome innovation, and will prove useful to the student. Turning to 
Agaricineze—the black- and purple-spored sections of which occupy 
the remainder of the volume— opinions will differ as to the advisability 
of elevating all the sub-genera to the rank of genera. Mr. Massee’s 
idea is that more good than harm will be effected by the change. The 
blackish-spored section (Melanospore), include Aned/aria, a small and 
well-marked genus split from Pancéolus, and Gomphidius—which is 
placed here ‘purely on technical grounds’—together with a 
Paneolus, and Psathyrelia. In the purple-spored section (Porph 
spore), the name pests is applied to the hitherto sub-genus Psalliota 

The student will no doubt soon familiarise himself with the 
alterations, which hoe es made for his benefit. An especial 
feature in this volume is the excellent manner in which the 
descriptions of species have been drawn up. In addition to the 
original description, which in some cases is lengthy, notes from other 
authorities are given, together with those of the author, in fact. 
Mr. Massee takes the student as it were by the hand and does nearly 
all for him except the collecting. The small drawings illustrating more 
than a hundred species, are a valuable accompaniment to the text. 
We have already had an opportunity heed putting the work practically 
to the test, and it fulfils its purpose extreme ly well. And we have not 
the slightest hesitation in saying that it should be in the hands of 
every student, <—* - — shelves of every naturalist’s ‘brary wile work 
ofreference. Ali 
which, we trust, will not be long delayed—will perhaps prevent 

rinter’s errors, which, although few in number, here and there have 
slipped through. HT. Ss: 


Naturalist, 


17 
A CHECK-LIST OF BRITISH EARTH-WORMS. 


Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, F.L.S., 

Author of ‘ Flowers and Flower-Lore, Idle, Bradford. 
THE past year has been the most fruitful on record in its 
bearings on the number and distribution of our indigenous terrestrial 
annelids. Hitherto no list has been prepared by means of which 
collectors could check their local species, and the time seems to 
have arrived when such a catalogue should be drawn up for future 
reference. Several ends will thereby be secured. We shall see, in 
the first place, exactly how many British species were known to 
science when the year 1892 closed its record of research. We shall 
have a clue to the distribution of the species. A guide will be 
afforded to collectors who wish to identify their captures, and, 
finally, a list will be provided for checking the same when found in 
any given locality. 

Our earthworms fall under four genera, and number at present 
25 species. I shall give a brief outline of each genus, then the 
names of the species, with the number of girdle and band ségments, 
and their known distribution in counties. The figures in the form 
of a fraction denote the number of the segments covered by the 
girdle in the normal condition, and the number of the girdle 
segments on which the sudercula F Aetbasiee i.e., the clitellar papillze 
or bands, are situated. Thus 2473+ would signify that the girdle 
covered segments 24 to 31, on two of which, viz., the 26th and 27th, 
papillae or bands occur when the worm is adult. 

I. GENUS LUMBRICUS. 

Lip forming with the first ring a perfect mortise and tenon. 
Girdle of five or six segments—the four innermost carrying a band 
on each side. Seta eight on each segment in four couples, the 
individuals near together. Male pores on the 15th segment with 
or without papille. Colour dark-red or brown with iridescence. 
Cylindrical in front, tail flattened. Exude slime when irritated, but 
no turbid liquid. Five species at present known in the British Isles. 

1. Lumbricus terrestris Linn. 23=33. Dystribution—Sussex, 
Kent, Middlesex, Surrey, Essex, Norfolk, Leicestershire, 
Hertfordshire, Somersetshire, Wiltshire, Oxford, Northants, 
Sark, Devonshire, Gloucester, Bucks, Nottinghamshire, Lan- 
cashire, Montgomery, Northumberland, Yorkshire, Westmor- 
land, Cumberland, N. Wales, S. Scotland, Ireland. New 
records wanted. 

Jan. 1893. - 


18 FRIEND: A CHECK-LIST OF BRITISH EARTH-WORMS. 


Lumbricus rubellus Hoffm. 3{-32. Distribution—Same 
as iv. 1 

ge eas purpureus Eisen. 38-33. Distribution—Same 
as 


Ny 


bi 


Distribution— 
stershire, Yorkshire, 


4: See cas rubescens Friend. 34739. 
Sussex, Kent, Middlesex, Norfolk, Glouces 
Lanarkshire, Down, Dublin. 

Lumbricus papillosus Friend. $3°37. Déstribution— 
Co. Dublin, Ireland. [On the Continent Z. me/ibeus Rosa, 
has similarly only five girdle segments. These species have 
hitherto not been found in England.] 

II. GENUS ALLOLOBOPHORA. 

Lip partially dovetailed into first ring. Girdle segments from 
four to ten in number. TZudercula pubertatis on consecutive or 
alternate segments, either as papillae or forming a distinct band. 
Set x eight in four couples, more or less irregularly disposed. Male 
pores as in Lumbricus. Colour-range very wide—brown, clay, flesh, 
green—seldom iridescent. Usually cylindrical throughout. 
slime or turbid fluid, sometimes very pungent. Nine British species 
known. 


W wo 


6. Allolobophora longa Ude. $8733. Distribution—Same 
as 

7. Allolobophora profuga Rosa. 39°35. Distribution— 
Nottinghamshire, Hertfordshire, Montgomery, N. Wales 
Gloucestershire, Norfolk, Yorkshire, Westmorland. 

8. Allolobophora turgida Eisen. 28734. Distribution— 
Sussex, Essex, Devonshire, Norfolk, Yorkshire, Somersetshire, 
Wilts, Herts, Lancashire, Middlesex, Notts, Dublin, Down, 

erry, Kent, Westmorland, Cumberland, Gloucestershire, 
Montgomery, N. Wales, Lanarkshire, Perth. Formerly 
confused with the next; on which account the earlier 
records for Nos. 8 and 9 are unreliable. 

9. Allolobophora trapezoidea Dugts. 33-34. Distribution — 

Essex, Norfolk, Nottinghamshire, Somersetshire, Yorkshire, 
Gloucester, Bucks, Oxford, Herts, Cumberland, Lancashire, 
Lanarkshire, Westmorland, Montgomery, N. Wales, Kerry. 
See No. 8. ote that in one case the papillz are on two 
alternate segments (31: 33), while in the other they cover 
three consecutive segments (31-33). 

10. Allolobophora mucosa Eisen. 28-332.  Distribution— 

ussex, Devonshire, Norfolk, Essex, Nottinghamshire, York- 

Naturalist, 


FRIEND: A CHECK-LIST OF BRITISH EARTH-WORMS. 19 


shire, Lancashire, Oxford, Leicestershire, Montgomery, 
Northants, Somersetshire, Herts., Cumberland, Westmorland, 
Dublin, Down, Kerry, Lanarkshire, Perth. 

Allolobophora chlorotica Savigny. 39.55.33. Distribu- 
tion—Same as 

ae cambrica Friend. 22.55.32.  Distribu 

ery. Note that while the girdle-formula is 

ihe same as No. 11, the two worms are totally different 
internally and externally in every other respect. 

Allolobophora feetida Savigny. 4-32. Daistribution~- 
Same as No. 1. This is the eR Bean dling. 


~ 
~ 


a] 
N 


Lan! 
if 


14. Allolobophora hibernica Friend. 33-33. Distribution— 
Dublin, Louth (Ireland). 


Ill. GENUS DENDROBENA. 


A group of small rose-brown worms found in decaying trees, 
with setze usually in eight rows, and very delicate lip, whose insertion 
into the first ring varies widely. ey exude a small quantity of 
yellow fluid from the dorsal pores, which begin between the 5th 
and 6th segments. See Friend, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zoology, vol. xxiv, 
p- 292 et seq.; and Lssex MWaturalist, Jan. 1893. There are six 
known species in Great Britain. 

15. Dendrobena celtica Rosa.) $$-3§.  Déstridution—Kent, 
Sussex, Devonshire, Gloucestershire, Yorkshire, Northants, 
Oxford, Somerset, Lancashire, N. Wales, Lanarkshire, Dumfries. 


16. Dendrobena arborea Eise 35-33. Distribution— 
Norfolk, Essex, Sussex, emcee Yorkshire, Cumber- 
land, Hertfordshire, N. Wales, Dublin. 

17. Dendrobzna boeckii Eisen. 39-33. Dustribution—York- 
shire, Lanarkshire (Scotland). Only two authenticated 
records. Earlier records belong to the next. A _ boreal 
species. 

18 Dendrobzena subrubicunda Eisen. $235. Distribu- 
tion—Same as No. 1 

19. woe ower constricta Rosa. *°=**. Distribution— 

ussex. A southern and eee form. 

20. Dendrobena eiseni Levi 24-32. Distribution— 


Sussex, Essex, Norfolk, peeiatoee Nriteciee: pieame 
____ Hertfordshire, N. Wales, Cumberland, Dubli in. 
fete 1893. 


20 BOSTRICHUS CAPUCINUS IN IMPORTED OAK AT HULL. 


IV. GENUS ALLURUS. 


Male pores on segment 13. Semi-aquatic. Five known British 
species. 


21. cae soe Savigny. 22736. Distribution—Same 
s No. 


22 Alturas ee hishins Dugéts. . #7377... Distribution— 
Suss An element of doubt lingers ge this species 
hee I hope to be able soon to remove. 

23. Allurus glenn Friend. 18232. Distribution— 


N. Wales (Bangor). 
24. Allurus flavus Friend. $3-2%. Déstribution—Cumberland, 
Yorkshire. 


25. Allurus macrurus Friend. 13-22. Distribution —Dublin. 


well as doubtful species which need confirmation. 
which reach me week by week from Ireland give promise of new 
species, and I should be delighted to receive material from the Isle 
of Man, the Scilly, Orkney and Shetland Isles, the Highlands of 
Scotland, and other unworked parts of the kingdom. Worms may 
be sent in tin boxes with soft moss, when they will arrive in clean 
condition for immediate eer 


NOTE—COLEO. OPTERA. 


ostrichus capucinus in Imported Oak at Hull.—I have received from 
Mr. Stevenson, a timber merchant of this town, some sae pe ote wood- 


boring 
beetle which infested some foreign oak he had. This oak had 


B eccined from 


n taken ai all sin out m. ee 
length, ihe head and ‘hore being 1% k and ae rugose, while the Oey = 
part of the abdomen are i 


red. The Rev. W. W. Fow 
me, ove the following recone 2g this beetle in his ‘ Coleoptera st the British 
Islan —‘Very rare, eae not appear av 
ies 


It is ei probable that all our = fon 


oak it arri ee alt t were not noticed.—- 
WALTER r. Baxer, 5 fe consih 5 Seung Hull, Noes: nthe 1892. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: 


Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and 
Physical Features of the North of England. 


DIPTERA, 1888, 1889, 1890, and 1891. 


THE present instalment (which is the second instalment of the 
Bibliography of Diptera) has been compiled and edited by 

M. DENISON ages ¥.1.8. 

The first instalment, covering the years 1884 to 1887 inclusive 
appeared in ‘The Naturalist’ oe ‘Tanay 1889, p. 17. 


= 


Anon. [signed ‘ Entomologist ’]. Linc. S. 
The Hessian Fly [(Cecidomyia destructor) ; a poping? written account ; 
incidental mention that ‘South Lincolnshire . . suffered considerably’). 
Journ. of Horticulture ; reprinted in Journ. of cic » Jan. 1888, p. 15 
ANon. [not = me York S.E. 
= Hessian Fly [Cecidomyia destructor] from Russia [at Hessle near 
ee observed by Edm. Riley]. Land and Water, Jan. 7th, 1888, p. 24. 
Anon. [Ed. Field]. Yo ee 
Insects [ C/ rates teniopus| destructive to Barley [at Melbourne, Yorkshire ; 
species detuning d by Eleanor A. Ormerod]. Field, Sep. 1st, 1888, p. 345 
FRANCIS G. BINN Yor k Mid W. 
List of Cec ido myide Bete: near Tadcaster [18 species, of genera 
Cecidomyza, Diplos a Hormona are nape with localities and 
character of gall indicated]. Nat., 1889, pp. Hos 
E. BRUNETTI. tice . N., Cheshire. 
Notes on a Clerk in 1888 [Zutolmus i osgri Mg., one, sent from 
Lincolnshire ; Dasyphora cyanella, rather rare, a pai from Rigsby, Lines. ; 
a pie spec 


E. euler ivs York S.W. 
of the British Stratiomyide, with analytical tables and notes 
(Chrysonatu pamela patio aw Vacant» (P. : 38s 3; Microchrysa flavicornis 
cyaneiventris, specimen in H. Meade, taken near 
Bradford (p. tak. Ent. ‘ Mas 1889, oe m3 ic 

E. BRUNETTI. Linc. N. 
Notes on Diptera, in 1889 ee esi destructor est Alford, aa by 

J. E. Mason from 1888 puparia]. Ent., Ap. 1890, p. 123. 


H. SHORTRIDGE CLARK Isle of rs 
Report of the Entomological Section [of the Isle an 

for 1888 ; repeats Porritt’ s records of Amapolis — Pedicia vivosa, eter 
Plychoptera contaminata}. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 2, April 1889, p. 63. 

D. EMBLETON. Bypass Westmorland, York N.W. 
Catalogue of agg rage a in Teesdale [including one derived 
from the a xiii, be ee sere oc a ae (Mawks or 
hep) Nat. Hist. Trans. of De aes, and 


aggots—on 
Newc., vol. ix, se i (1887), pp. i-xviii and 1-22 mt 
Jan. 1893. 


22 BIBLIOGRAPHY : DIPTERA, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891. 


aghneie A. Fite York 
l-makers gunn wa which, Cecidomyia cardaminis 


Esse x Gal 

Wi oe on Bit tter-cress, was first received by him from Harrogate, June 
12t 2 sti Inchbald’ $ accra! ‘life. history quoted]. Essex Nat., 
Sept. 1887, “a 

aor FRIE Cumberland. 

Sillo oe Fea [7 ipula maculosa noted as occurring B80 with the ‘common 

say loge (? 7. oleracea)|. Sci. Goss., July 1889, p. 156. 

A. E. oR 


‘aiag aise pluvialis, noted by] the Yorkshire tine Union 
at Hayburn Wyke [on July 11th, 1891]. Nat., Sept. 1891, p. 


H. H. Hicerns. oe SS. 
cc e of Anthrax ag are at Crosby in 1890; Lanc. and Cheah 
Soe., an 8th, 1890]. E.M.M., Oct. 1890, p. 274. 
PETER INCHBA York sits 
Phytomyza Gis th og —— B cuca et abundant in the leave 
of —— ec. Tet bundantly in those of _ tena ; 
presumably at Hor ie. aaa, natal Ent., Jan. 1889, 
PETER INCHBALD AND R. H. MEADE ; 5 a S.E. 
Notes upon Phytomyza chero coky il Kalt. [reared from peianily es ee 
female : bars pa not stated, but may possibly be Hornsea, whence Inchbald 
dates his eade’s contribution is a full description of the insect]. 


Ent, Ap. 1889, 
PETER INCHRBAL York S.E. 
ees myia ere (Heyd.) [on eae dioica, presumably at Hornsea, 
ut place not stated]. Ent., Nov, 284. 
BERRY KENDRICK. eee 
Hessian Fly and some of its vaemceess [the appearance of Cecidomyza 
pans gd at Hig igh near War m being reported, in seesthcion 
ved the pa to i Poets teniopuss : rie determination confirmed b 
Miss E. A. Ormerod ; account o P citeck given 5. extracts from Miss 
Ormerod’s papers given]. Young Nat, Jan. 1888, pp. 1-7. 
P. M. C. Kermopg. Isle of Man, ‘ York.” 
' Qur Insect Enemies : Cutworm [larvee of 7ifuda oleracea, T. mact/osa, and 
7. paludosa ; particu detailed as to ravages committed in car rig of Man 


{also near Dap k, p. 30) and suggestions made Back Trans. I. of Man 
_ N.ELS., es -36; publ. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 2, April 1889. 
H. WALLIS cae — N. 
[A List of] Diptera from the Alford = Louth Districts of Lincolnshire 
{giving localities ap dates, 38 species for Alford and " res Louth the 
former determi op by E. Brunetti, the latter by G. H. rall]. Nat 
July 1888, pp. 217-218. 
James EARDLEY son Linc. N. 
{List of 41] Diptera from the Alford District of Lincolnshire feith 


arg og and ae given ; all identified by G. H. Verrall]. Nat., June 1890, 
5-166, 


R. H. Meap Derbyshire, York S.E. 
ond Suiiienibilt te Annotated List of British Anthomyiide Lieiee 
migrivol Fall., Baslow, Derbyshire, = 1887 ; Spilogaster atrifes s 
_ ribed from two males, Hornsea near Hull, Ties bape S. Jratreu 
Zett., Baslow, a single pe July 1 889], .E.M 1889, pp 424-426. 
[ Trichophthicus Biscuiwins Zett., pag Derbyshives July 1887, 3 males, 
R.H.M.], E.M.M., Dec. 1889, p 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: DIPTERA, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891. 23 


R. H. Meape. Westmorland and Furness, ag ae 
Kamera to Te List of British enya oo Welaead affinis sp. n 
near Lake Witderisere several y at Gran nge- over- 
Sa emit in June 1 se saul the Lake D ‘atthe . sional vesparia sp.N., 
bred from Vespa germanica im Ince ceaaiee, together with Hom. canicularis 
L., and Aca st te ey tnanis Flin. ; Lim wee litorea Fln., two males : 
Gr range over-Sands, June ar ere Oe: i! 1891, pp- 42-43 ; Dati 
Note in Ent. Rec ord, Feb. 16th, 1891, p. 307 
R. H. MEADE. Featieaes. 
Annotated List of British Per -anare? [including a note of Bigonicheta 
ae pt Mgn. captured by writer in 1886 near Ulverston, Lancashire]. 
y 1891, p. a : ai Lac, scot ogee ‘icosa Mgn., both sexes found 
bie feaie Win ndermere]. E.M.M., June 1891, p. 155. [ Exorista mutabilisF\n 
near Ulverston, a female, ren 1888]. E. M.1 Pe Dec. 1891, 
LOC. MYALL. ‘Lancs.,’ ‘ Yorks.’ 
The Fresh-Water Harlequin Ciironomus, and its Development [the 
larvee abound in the bad streams of Lancashire and Yorkshire]. Research, 
March 1890, p. 210 
ae rere Y York S.W. 
orkshi wMpicnerilecrga Union at Holmfirth [1oth June 1889 ; Cu/ex 
pad onl Hale oleracea, 7. maculosa, Sargus cuprartus ae. since bred), 
Syr, ore vibes, Syritta pipiens, and Lucilia cesar noted]. Nat., July 1889, 
p. 2 


R. coda tia Cheshire. 

Insects, &c., taken in the Nests of beckery Vespide [in Cheshire ; 

Cyrtoneura stabulans F all., Pik he: wyia canicularés L., H. vesparea Meade, 

a » LAE rufipes Meig., Acanthiptera inanis Fall., and Volucella bombylans 

a plume PC with host, locality, date, and other details]. 
EM. M., Feb. 1891, p. 41; Bibl. Notice in Ent. Record, Feb. 16th, 1891, p. 307. 

‘R. NEWSTEAD. Che oct 

que o the Food of certain Dipterous larve found in nests of 
Vespid | tin ’Chealires notes on pret retake Li BM M., 

Mar 8. 

ima A, ORMEROD. York S.E. 

The Hessian Fly [Cecidomyia destructor] and its introduction _ 


ruses of Riley, result sie negative]. Trans. Herts. Nat. His 
s Vokes; _ 6 (Oct. 1889) p. 


esi T. Porr I, of Man. 
[Diptera Beat: on] an Entomological Expedition to . . the Isle of Man 
pe June 1887; three Tipulide—Amapfolis ae Pedicia rivosa, and 
Ptychoptera pooaeeaans near Douglas—named by R. H. Meade]. Nat., 
Ap 1888, p. 


Epwarp RILEY York S.E, 
sg reg Fly B peared destructor) at Welton Vale, 27th Aug. 1887]. 
46]. 


ge SAUNDERS York S.W. 
Notes a British F care eer ae signin re on, on Sorex 
pray AS Sheffield, etc. ]. M., June 1891, p. 
G. A. SMALLWooD. Derbyshire. 
ang -fly [(Tephritis onopordinis) and ravages in iad s garden 
illington, near Burton-on-Trent]. eas Jan. 1889, p. 2 


Jan. oe 


24 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 


H. T. Sore York S.W. 
A Swarm nf sien [Borborus equinus pelea in February [17th, near A 
umbers; determined by R. H. Meade]. Na Ap. 1889, p. I 

Buty Tosa Northumberland, Spike 00588 

An jeg ‘él British Flies (Diptera). Part II. [Dated 1891: at 

p- 5 ravages of — destructor in Northumberland and Lincoln- 

poe (the latter of which segs ang from the worst attacks) are noted}. 

ubsequent oe of this ssh Lag 

G. H. VER ‘ Lake District,’ attr tan 
List nee Britis h Tipulide, &c. (‘ ester ag age ), Bape Note 
Be — Curt., the Lake District 5 7; i signata Steeg., nea 


n by Mr. Theobald]. iE iM. , June a July "1888, 


G. H. VERRALL. Westmorlan 
Critical one on as a [Chironomus flexilis L., near Rydal, epatcnedl 
: Ent., May 1890, p. 152. 
Cuas. H. H. WALKER. Cheshire, 
Microscopical Notes [on the Cheshire side o rsey; Musca 
vomitoria, M. cesar, and Corethra reg yrs mare 25th May. 
1889]. Young Nat., Sep. 1889, pp. 185-188. 


NOTES—LEPIDOPTERA. 

Entomological Society of London.—November 2nd, 1892.— Mr. S. Stevens 
exhibited, for Mr. J. Harrison, of Barnsley, and read notes on, a peau series 
of Arctia lubricipeda var. radiata, which had been bred by Mr. Harrison this 
year. Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited a varieties of Acronycta leporina, bred by 

ins, of Warrington. ae i ar eahibited & long serie 
i 


of the spec e 
others were pa black ; iy lanens intermediate between these two extremes 


ical Society of London. 


oo ber 7th 


asper. Mr. . Barrett exhibited a long series of remarkable melanic an 
other varieties * of Boarmta repandata, bred by Mr. A. E. Hall from larve 
collected near "Shefie ld. —H. Goss and W. W. Fow er, Hon. Secretaries. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 


, There is a very interesting paper in our contemporary ae sarge ions 

Journal’ for Oct. = 1 1892, by Mr. a Lovel, F.R.Met.S., mn ‘The Cloud- 

burst at Round Hill, Langto: oft” in East Yorkshire, and its destractive effects, 

which are es ‘in ger pinion: and illustrated by a sketch-m map, and a 

pon bes Sg poepnivetatae of phot phic views, one showing the manner in which 
-spouts. 


prooe— 
Mola *Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine’ for November 1892, contains an 


notice of he lat dpe Thomas Harris, F.E. of Burton-on-Trent, 
a shee coleopterist good botanist, one ee May be nen and an early President 
of the Burton “on Tresit Natural History Soci 


Naturalist, 


25 
WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


FROM THE HERBARIUM, CATALOGUES, ETC., OF 
THE LATE Mr. JOHN TATHAM, OF SETTLE. 


WILLIAM WHITWELL, F.L.S. 


THROUGH the painstaking kindness of the Misses R. F. and 
F. P. Thompson, of Settle, I was enabled to contribute a large 
number of records to Mr. F. Arnold Lees’ ‘ Flora of West Yorkshire, 
based upon specimens and memoranda left by their grandfather, the 
late Mr. John Tatham. The examination of Mr. Tatham’s herbarium 
and notes was not, however, begun until the printing of the ‘ Flora’ 
was somewhat advanced, and in consequence many items of value 
obtained thereby were too late to be of service then. Also, the 
arrangement of the collection is on the Linnzan system: this 
occasioned the omission of various others. 

In addition to his actual herbarium specimens, and a catalogue 
of them, Mr. Tatham left numerous memoranda in note-books and 
in his copy of the late Mr. Henry Baines’s ‘Flora of Yorkshire.’ 
From the three sources the Misses R. F. and F. P. Thompson have 
compiled a supplementary list of West Riding localities for which 
Mr. Tatham’s name may stand as authority, and have favoured me 
with it. I have checked the list with the ‘Flora of West Yorkshire,’ 
and after careful consideration of the several items (and in a number 
of cases the obtaining of the actual specimens, most of which 

aker has obliged me by examining) have made the 
subjoined extracts from it. 

Mr. F. A. Lees has referred (‘Flora,’ page 233, etc.) to 

r. Tatham’s repute as an observer. The following brief biographical 
bei will not be out of place respecting one whose name will 
always claim honourable mention in the annals of Lichen botany. 
For these also I am indebted to his grand-daughter 

JoHN TaTHAM was born at Settle, Yorkshire, on the 20th 
September, 1793, and was educated at the neighbouring and well- 
known Giggleswick Grammar School. He served a seven years’ 
apprenticeship to Mr. Thomas Thompson, of Liverpool, in the 
business of chemist and druggist, and continued with him for two or 
three years afterwards as assistant. Returning to Settle, he entered 
into partnership with his father, in the same line, and at Settle he 
passed the remainder of his life. 

It was during his residence at Liverpool that Mr. Tatham first 
turned a attention to botanical study, a favourite recreation with 
Jan. 189 


26 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


his master, and the interest then awakened remained active to the 
last, and has proved hereditary in his family. 

n 1841 John Tatham was elected a member of the Edinburgh 
Botanical Society. He also joined the London Botanical Society, 
and through this double membership plant-specimens of his 
collecting became widely distributed and his name well known. He 
was likewise-one of the original members of the Ray Society, 
founded in 1844. Mr. Tatham. supplied lists of the plants of the 
Settle region to Dr. John Windsor for the ‘Flora Cravoniensis,’ and 
to Mr. Henry Baines for his ‘Flora of Yorkshire ;’ also to the 
‘Phytologist’ (Vol. I., page 87). 

John Tatham was one of the party whose visit to Teesdale in 
1844 resulted in the discovery of Avenaria uliginosa Schleich., its 
other members being James Backhouse, sen. ; James Backhouse, jun. 
(afterwards the author of the ‘ Monograph of the British Hieracia’) ; 
G. S. Gibson, of Saffron Walden, and Silvanus Thompson. In 18409, 
and again a few years later, he made a tour in Scotland in company 
with the elder Backhouse ; many characteristic. Highland plants 
collected by him then are now in my possession. 

The delight in natural history pursuits, and particularly in 
botanical science, which has so long happily characterised the 
Society of Friends, found full illustration in the present instance, 
as the families of Tatham and Thompson both belonged to that 
religious body. 

Mr. Tatham died at Settle on the 12th January, 1875. He was 
twice married. His widow died on the 3oth January, 1892, at the age 
of 94 years. She preserved his herbarium with great care, and was 
much interested in every recognition of Mr. Tatham’s botanical work. 

SILVANUS THOMPSON, youngest son of Mr. Thomas Thompson, 
married Mr. Tatham’s second daughter. He was for many years 
a master in the large Friends’ School at Bootham, York, and there 
did much to foster a love of natural science among the boys. Two 
of his pupils afterwards became distinguished botanists: Mr. J. Gilbert 
Baker, F.R.S., of Kew, and the late Mr. James Backhouse, of York 
(‘British Hieracia’). He, as well as his father-in-law, contributed 
records to Baines’s ‘Flora,’ the ‘Phytologist,’ etc. One of his sons 
is the well-known Principal of the Technical College, Finsbury— 
Dr. Silvanus Phillips Thompson, F.R.S.—noted for his contributions 
to electrical and magnetic science, and recently the discoverer of 
a second habitat for our Yorkshire Avenaria gothica Fries. 

Mr. and Mrs. Thompson each had plant collections representing 
their earlier botanical work, and on their marriage these were combined 
to form one herbarium. When in 1864 Mr. J. G. Baker’s house at 

Naturahst, 


WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 27 


Thirsk was burnt down, his collections were destroyed, together with 
the greater part of the sheets of his just-printed ‘North Yorkshire.’ 
The joint Thompson herbarium was therefore given to Mr. Baker, 


supply of a typical series of British plants for the Wellington Museum, 
.Z., and the ‘Thompson-Baker collection was forwarded in 
response to the application, a selection from it having first been made 
for the British Herbarium at South Kensington 
r. S. Thompson died at Settle on the 3rd February, 1881. 
Mrs. Thompson died there in March, 1891, in the house in which 
she was born. For perfect gentleness and sweetness of character, 
warm, self-forgetting friendliness, and bright, thoughtful sociability, 
their names will long be cherished—by the writer and by many 
others who had the privilege of knowing them. 


TATHAM RECORDS. 
The page given after each plant-name is that of the ‘Flora of West 
orkshire.’ 


fT. indicates a specimen collected by Mr. Tatham himself, or not 
bearing another person’s name 

Personal Names mark specimens so authenticated, actually in the 
herbarium now. 

C. indicates species named in Mr. 'T.’s final catalogue of his collec- 
tion, though the specimen is not now there. 

MS. indicates species named in his manuscript notes elsewhere, 
usually in his copy of Baines’s ‘ Flora of Yorkshire.’ 

It has been considered advisable to obtain a number of the 
herbarium specimens for examination. Most of these have 
been submitted to Mr. J. G. Baker: such are marked 
J.G.B.). Those seen vo myself alone are marked 

Feizor Botanic Garden records (see for explanation Epimedium 
alpinum 1.) are included in square brackets. These are 
retained in case of possible escapes. 


RANUNCULACE. : 
Thalictrum calcareum Jord. (as majus Sm.). Page 113. 
R. Limestone hills, near Settle (J.G.B.). 47S. 
Thalictrum flavum L. Page 113. 
R. Oustre-bank Wood (J.G.B.). . This locality is sometimes 
in the ‘Flora’ assigned to the Lune district. It is a 
hanging wood on the bank of the Ribble between Settle 
and Stackhouse. 
Jan. 1893. 


28 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


Ranunculus heterophyllus Fr. (as aguatilis var. heterophyllus). 
Page 115. 
R.. Inthe Ribble. C. 
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix. (as aguatilis var. Pantothrix). 
age 118. 
R. Inthe Ribble. C. 
Ranunculus Lenormandi Schultz. Page rro. 
At head of Rothersdale ; 7. Backhouse. 
Ranunculus auricomus L. Page 121. 
R. Lord’s Wood. #. ‘Inall our woods.” AMS. 
Trollius europzus L. Page 123. 
Near Stackhouse. /#. 
Helleborus viridis L. Pa : 
R. Near Lumb (Little Bank F arm). 7. 
L. Ina meadow at Wharfe. JS. 
ee Nace fetidus L. Page 125. 
Near Lumb (Little Bank Farm), Z. 
: At Feizor, abundant. C. ‘Wild.’ JZS. 
Aquilegia vulgaris L. Page 125. 

L. Winskill Wood, Feizor. A. 

BERBERACE. 
[Epimedium alpinum L. Page 128. 

L. Clapham’s Botanic Garden at Feizor. 4. Mr.R.Clapham 
had a botanic or apothecary’s garden at Feizor, from 
which a number of non-local plants found their way into 
Mr. Tatham’s collection. ‘ Escapes’ from this garden 
are quite possible. | 

PAPAVERACEA:. 
Papaver somniferum L. Page 
Lumb Bank, near et Saml, Gibson. 
Papaver dubium L. Page 1209. 

R. ‘Ingfield. A. ‘Quite unknown here till the house 
known as /ngfeld was built, about 1844. After the 
foundation was dug, the surrounding land was red 

av 


with it.’ 
FUMARIACEA:. 
— claviculata Ny Page 131. 
R. Cockit Moss. JZ. 
CRUCIFERZ. 


Sisymbrium Sophia L. Page 136. 
L. Clapham village (J.G.B.). ZA. : 
Naturalist, 


WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 29 


Erysimum ono napa og L. Page 137. 
Settle. 
Cardamine amara al 138. 

Beggar-wife Bridge. Z. 

Cardamine hirsuta L. Page 128. 

‘Common.’ A. and C. This is quoted, as well as the next, 
to show that Mr. Tatham distinguished them as 
segregates. No dates are given. 

Cardamine sylvatica Link. ice 139. 
Near Settle, ‘abundant.’ 4Z. 

Arabis Thaliana L. Page 

R. On Castleberg. C. No Ribble locality is given in ‘ Flora.’ 
Arabis perfoliata Lam. Page 140. 

D. Wath-upon-Dearne (no date). G.P. Nicholson. 
Barbarea przcox Br. Page 141. 

R. Langcliffe Lane. JZ. 
Armoracia rusticana Baumg. Page 143. 

R. Between Settle and Long Preston. JZ. 
Draba muralis L. Page 144. 

A. Malham Cove (1832). JZS. 
Lepidium campestre Br. Page 14 

R. Ribble Banks. 4. Settle Cadhvid MS. 


RESEDACEAL 


ae lutea L. Page 151. 
R. Giggleswick. 4. 
VIOLACEA. 
Viola lutea var. amcena Syme. Page 156. 
Attermire. ‘On our hills.’ C. Specified separately from 
lutea proper. But amena only means a purple-flowered 
/utea, at any rate here, and the distinction is valueless. 
Wholly yellow flowers, wholly purple ones, and variously 
intermediate ones—partially yellow and partially purple— 
are found on the Attermire slopes. I think, however, 
that the wholly yellow are the first met with on ascending 
the hill, and that the purple element appears gradually 
upwards, but without actually prevailing at any level. 
DROSERACE. 
Drosera rotundifolia L. Page 157. 
R. Cockit Moss. A. Helwith Moss, given under L, in the 
‘Flora,’ should be under R, 
Jan, 1893. 


30 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


CAR YVOPHYLLACE. 
Silene maritima With. Page 16r. 
L. Whernside. /. 7.’s note in his ‘ Baines.’ 
Silene Armeria L. Page 162. 
I, ingleton... C. 
= — Sibth. Page 162. 
Nea fi. 


Seelaria nemorum L. Page 16s. 
R. New Hall, near Settle. Z. 
Arenaria trinervia L. Page 167. 
R. Near the paper mill, Settle. A. 
AVPERICACE. 
Hypericum Androsemum L. Page 172. 
R. Craven Bank Wood. C.and JZS. (= on High Rigg (Craven 
Bank) a little above the new buildings of Giggleswick 
Grammar School). 
or hircinum L. 172. 
R. ‘Bank of Ribble a little below the Railway Bridge: August 
1855. HH. (=below Gildersleets on the road from 
Settle to Rathmell ; AZisses Thompson). 
Hypericum dubium Leers. Page 173. 
R. Near Stainforth. J/S. 
MALVACEA, 
aohes sylvestris L. Page 176. 
R. Oustre-bank Wood. JZ. 
A. Near Skipton. C. 
Malva rotundifolia L. Page 176. 
Giggleswick. A. On Castleberg, Settle. JS. 
GERANIACEZ.. 
Geranium sanguineum L. Page 178. 
R. ‘In most of our woods.’ JZS. 
Geranium phzeum L. Page 179. 
R. Little Bank (W.W.). @. 
Geranium sylvaticum L. Page 179. 
R. ‘In all our alpine limestone meadows.’ JZS.  Winskill 
Wood. Swabeck Meadows. C. 


A. Gordale. 
Geranium pratense L. Page 179. 
ommon. C. 


Timpatiens Noli-me-tangere L. Page 184. 
L. Feizor botanic garden. A] 
Naturalist 


WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 3a 


RHAMNACEA:. 
Rhamnus catharticus L. Page 186. 
‘In all our woods.’ JZS. 
SAPINDACEA, 
Acer campestre L. Page 
Between Hellifield oe JO ff. 
LEGUMINIFERA:. 
Ulex Gallii Planch. (as zanus). Page 188. 
eee Ree ' Both noted by /.Z. in his ‘ Baines.’ 
Undoubtedly Ga//iz, but there are no West Yorkshire 
specimens. All those in the collection from other parts 
are really Galli (J. e B. dks though all marked xzanus. 
Genista anglica L. Page 18 
R. Cockit Moss. JZ. 
Genista tinctoria L. Page 1 
-. Re ‘Tara field. 27. (= Site of Giggleswick Pane): 
Trifolium medium L. Page 193. 
L. Clapham. JZ. 
Trifolium arvense L. Page 19 
Adwick-upon-Dearne. C. PR. LVicholson. 
Trifolium elegans Savi. Page 195. 
R. Beggar-Wife Bridge: 1848. 7. 
Astragalus Hypoglottis L. Page 198. 

D. Wath-upon-Dearne. G. £. Wicholson. (No doubt near 
Wath, i.e., upon the Magnesian Limestone 6 or 7 miles 
distant ; & A. Lees 

EN glycyphylios 2 Page 1 

r Brodsworth. G. P. Nikaloon: 
Vics cna Meench. Page 200. 
D. ‘Very common about Wath, 1836.’ 4. 
Orobus tuberosus L. var. tenuifolius. Page 203. 
Lodge Gill. A One specimen has narrow and broad 
leaves on different stems springing from the same root. 

ROSACEA. 

Prunus insititia L. Page 204. 

R. Giggleswick Scars. C. 

[Potentilla fruticosa L. Page 211- 
Feizor (W.W.). 2. Clapham. Only marked as ‘ Feizor,’ 
but no doubt either ‘ Botanic Garden’ or a duplicate 
specimen. | 

Jan, 1893. 


32 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


Comarum palustre L. Page 212. 
R. Cockit Moss. 
Rubus suberectus Anders. Page 213. 
ear Malham Cove. J/S. 
D. Near Newbridge, 1843. S. Gibson. 
Rubus fissus Lindl. Page 213. 
Carr Green, 1843. .S. Gibson. 
Rubus plicatus W.& N. Page 214. 
C. Carr Wood, 1843. S. Gibson. 
Rubus rupcagon ie Lees (as carpintfolius). Page 214 
rer Mill, near Halifax, 1843 (J.G.B.). S. Gibson. 
ubus reeled W.& N. Page 214. 
C. Near Halifax. A. Zey/and. With reference to the note in 
the ‘ Flora’ respecting this record, the specimen has 
been submitted to Mr. J. G. Baker, but it is found to be 
too imperfect for identification. 
Rubus affinis Auct. Ang. Page 215. 
R. Lane at Stackhouse. JZS. 
A. Malham Cove. JZS. 
Rubus pamae tena Sm. (as carpinifolius). Page 216. 
r Halifax, Aug. 1837 (J.G.B.). &. Leyland. 
Rubus laren Weihe (as carpinifolius v. pulchellus). Page 218. 


Lew Bank, 1843 (J.G.B.). S. Gibson. 
Rubus Radula Weihe. Page 219. 
Carr Wood, near Halifax, 1843. S. Gibson. 
core Koehleri Weihe. Page 2109. 
R. Peart’s Crags, Stackhouse Lane. JZS. 
C. Near Halifax, Aug. 1837. &. Leyland. This Halifax 
specimen is named glandulosus. But ‘most likely 
Koehleri’ (}.G.B.). 
Rubus corylifolius Sm. Page 221. 
Crow-nest Wood. 
C. Mytholmroyd (as —o S. Gibson. 
ae cesius L. Page 22 
R. ‘All our woods.’ ae MS. 
Rubus saxatilis L. Page 222. 
L. Feizor, &c.—common. 
R. Oustre-bank Wood, JZ. 
Dryas octopetala L. Page 224. 
W.. Aracliffe. “ZA 
North Yorks. Top of Cronkley Fell. 4. ; 
Naturalist, 


WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 33 


These are quoted for the sake of a note with the 
Cronkley Fell specimen—‘ Supposed to be different from 
the Arncliffe one, as it flowers later.’ 


Rosa spinosissima L. Page 


Alpine Woods near Sete: June 1833. 7. 
Lynn Gill, 1842 


Rosa involuta Sm. var. : Blecst Page 225. 


L. 


Ingleton. A Feizor. ‘per &. Clapham. 


Rosa canina var. dumetorum Thuill. Page 228. 


uck Ha’ Brow, Stackhouse 7. 


Rosa canina var. Borreri Woods. Page 230. 
R. ‘Comm MS. 


on.’ 


Cave Ha’ Wood (as inodora). #1. 


Rosa arvensis Huds. (marked ‘arvensis, Anglict.’). Page 230. 


Heselton Gill. Z. 


‘LYTHRACE:. 


Lythrum salicaria L. Page 233 
R. Nappa. #. Near Giggleswick. J/S. Within three miles 


A. 


Feb. 1893. 


of Settle. Marked as such, Mr. J. G. Baker informs 
me, in a catalogue supplied to Mr. Watson. 


‘Malham Tarn: J. Tatham ’—is entered in the ‘Flora of 


West Yorkshire,’ by transcript from Miall and Carrington’s 
‘Flora.’ It is strange that no mention of Malham Tarn 
is found in any of Mr. T.’s own notes, and that there is 
no specimen in his herbarium. 

The only record of the plant for the Tarn is in the 
M. and C. ‘Flora,’ and the only authority given is 
Mr. Tatham’s. Professor Miall informs me that it was 
taken from a marked list sent to him by Mr. Tatham. 
Mr. Walter Morrison, the courteous owner of the 
Tarn House estate, has favoured me with a letter in 
which he states that the Purple Loosestrife is well known 
to him from its beauty on some of the reaches of the 
Thames, and that he has never seen it at the Tarn. Itis 
not known at the Tarn, either, to his gardener, Mr. T. 
Coulthard, who is well acquainted with the local plants. 
Professor Miall himself, and Mr. William West of 
Bradford, both inform me that they have not met with it 
in the locality. Mr. F. A. Lees has not seen it there. 

I am compelled therefore to the opinion that some 
mistake was made in connection with the original marked 
list, and that the species must still be considered as 

Cc 


34 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


belonging only to the valleys. Its range is given in 
‘North Yorkshire’ as 0-250 feet. Giggleswick Tarn 
(see ‘Flora of W. Y.’), however, would give it a further 
extension to between 500 and 550 feet. 
ONAGRACEA:. 
Epilobium angustifolium L. Page 234. 
R. Near Long Preston. , 
HALORAGACEA, 
Hippuris vulgaris L. Page 239. 
Cockit Moss, 1843. ‘ Very fine.’ #7 and C. 
Myriophylium verticillatum L. Page 238. 
A. Canal near Skipton. .S. Gibson 
CUCURBITACEAE. 
Bryonia dioica L. Page 241. 
Fields about Ackworth. 7. 


GROSSULARIACEA. 
Ribes rubrum L. Page 242. 
‘Common.’ JS. 


Ribes petreum Sm. Page 242. 
A. Gordale. Z. 
The two forms are quoted to show that Mr. Tatham 
recognised the distinction between them. 
CRASSULACEAE. 
Sedum villosum L. Page 
‘A. Between Settle and Kirby Malham. A. 
[Sedum album L. (as anglicum). Page 24 
L. Feizor (Botanic Garden) (J.G.B.). D and AZS.] 
SAXIFRAGACEA. 
Saxifraga hypnoides var. es gore Sm. Page 249. 
R. Winskill Wood, 1850. JZ. 
Saxifraga ay sanaar var. hirta Don. Page 249. 
R. Near Settle. 


Cheeeene aerioiom L.. Page 250. 
L. Crow Nest Woo 
R. Huntworth Gill. ha 
A. Janet’s Cave. MS. 


Naturalist, 


WHITWELL : WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 35 
UMBELLIFERA. 
Cicuta virosa L. Page 252. ; 
L. Near Wharfe. C. Inconclusive, however. No specimen. 
Possibly only noted’ from Miall and Carrington, who give 
‘ Near the Wharfe, Hasling Ford.’ 
Pimpinella magna L. Page 255. 
Giggleswick Scar (W.W.). 4 ‘Common.’ J/S. This 
increases the range to 550 or 600 feet. 
Sium angustifolium L. Page 256. 
Near Giggleswick Scar. 
fEthusa Cynapium L. Page 258. 
R. Gildersleets. . The Misses Thompson report specimens 
there in 1888 four feet in height. 
Feniculum vulgare Gert. Page 258. 
Giggleswick. C. 


Meum athamanticum Jacq. Page 259. 
R. Near Giggleswick. = = MAS. note in his copy of ‘ Baines. 
CORNACE. 


Cornus sanguinea L. Page 265. 
R. Banks above Settle on the cliff (J.G.B.). 4. Limestone 


cliffs above Settle. 
RUBIACEAE. 
Galium boreale L. Page 269. 
R. Peter’s Castle. @. 
A. Gordale. Malham. 
W. Near Kettlewell. 4. Kilosiy Crag—fine. C. 
VALERIANACEZ. 
Valerianella dentata Koch. Page 275. 
A. Malham Cove. AN 
COMPOSITE. 
Silybum Marianum Gert. Page 277. 
L. Birks, near Clapham. 7. 
Carduus nutans L. ge 278. 
. A. Near Malham Tarn, east end. #. 
Carduus acanthoides L. Page 278. 
R. Attermire pastures. A. Langcliffe Lane. 7. 
Centaurea Scabiosa L. Page 283. 
A. Pontefract. 2B. Thompson. 
Feb, 1893.. 


36 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


Filago minima Fries. Page 289. 
R, West of Giggleswick. JZ5. 
oe sylvaticum L. (as rectum). Page 2 
Feizor: 1833. &. Clapham. Pastures near a MS. 
Gnaphalium dioicum L. Page 290. 
R. Huntsworth pasture. A. 
Senecio erucifolius L. (as tenuiflorus). Page 292 
Near Langcliffe. 4. Raysack Hill, near Settle. JZS. 
Senecio saracenicus L. Page 293. 
L. Ingleton. A. Austwick. JZS. 
R. Cammock (Settle). ZS. 
Bidens tripartita L. Page 294. 
Near New Hall. #. 
Petasites officinalis Mcench. /Vanta fem. Page 298. 
R. Ribble banks (W.W.). 
Leontodon hirtus L. Page 30 
R, ‘Common.’ JZS. (in his ‘Baines’). Probably an error 
for hispidus. 
Si a i porrifolius L. Page 302 (but not named). 
D. Brodsworth. G. P. Wicholson 
Taraxacum officinale var. , levigatum DC. Page 302. 
R. Langcliffe Lane. 
Taraxacum officinale var. 5 palustre DC. Page 302. 
Lodge Gill pastures. 
Hieracium anglicum Fries. - Hpk Page 306 
R. Hills above Settle. A Catterick and Stainforth. A/S. 
Hieracium anglicum Fries —  - Siae maculata). Page 306. 
R. Attermire Scar (J.G.B.). 
Hieracium Gibsoni’ packh. (as cesium var. bifidum). Page 307. 
Giggleswick Scar. A. 
Hieracium vulgatum Fries.,form maculatum Backh. Page 309. 
Giggleswick Scar. JZS. 
Hieracium tridentatum Fries. Page 310, 
R. Oustre Bank Wood, 1844 (J.G.B.). 
Hieracium prenanthoides Vill. Page 310. 
R. Oustre Bank Wood. JZ. 
Hieracium crocatum Fries (as rigidum). 
R. Attermire Scars, July 1848 (J.G.B.). 
Hieracium villosum L. Page 
R. Wood above Stainforth. Note in his ‘ Baines.’ Doubtless 
anglicum ; see ‘ Flora. 


Page 311. 
fl. 


Naturalist, 


WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES, S17 


ERICACEA, 
Vaccinium Vitis-idea L. Page 317. 
Penyghent. Cleatop Park. JZS. 
Sdier-aa tears Uva-ursi Spreng. Page 318. 
ar Heptonstall, a 1829. FR. Leyland. 
Pyrola minor L. Page 
L. Clapdale Wood. z Clapham. 
A. Wood near Gordale House. C. Wood near Malham. 
Note in copy of ‘ Baines.’ 
Monotropa Hypopitys L. Page 322. 
W. Thorp Arch Woods (no date). A. Batnes. 
APOCYNACE:, 
Vinca minor L. Pa 
R. Castleberg. Winskill Wood. MS. 
GENTIANACEA. 
chee dopecien: trifoliata L. Page 327. 
Lawkland Moss. JZS. 
‘ Lodge. 
CONVOLVULACE. 
guna aed se: arvensis L. Pa 
A. Road between Keighley and caine #7. 
San sepium L. Page 329. 
Giggleswick. f 
SOLA NACE. 
aga “AEs L. Page 3 
izor (Botanic Garden). ‘ and MS.] 
siccvaens niger L. Pa 322. 
R. Langcliffe Lane. 


SCROPHULARIACEZ 


Verbascum Thapsus L. Page 333. 
R... Tarn Lane: 4S. 
Scrophularia Ehrharti Stev. Page 335. 
Long Preston. Near Nappa. JS. 
Linaria vulgaris Mill. status Peloria. Page 338. 
A. Near Pudsey, Yorkshire, 1844. 7. 
Veronica montana L. Page 341. 
L. Cave Ha’ Wood. ; 
Melampyrum pratense var. montanum Johnst. Page 346. 
__L. Near Feizor, &c. 
Feb. 1893. 


38 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 


LABIATA:. 
Lycopus europzus L. Page 3409. 
Beggar-Wife Bridge. 4. Willow Island (Settle). dZS. 

Mentha viridis L. Page 351. 

R. Willow Island. A. An escape. 
Mentha viridis var. crispa. Page 351. 

R. Cammock, Settle (J.G.B.). A An escape. 
a rubra Sm. Page 352. 

Willow Island. A. Beggar-Wife Bridge [as gen/i/is, but 
is rubra: J.G.B.] 

Mentha arvensis var. — Sole. Page 353. 
'R. Giggleswick. 
Salvia Verbenaca L. Ra 387. 
Gathered near Settle. AZS. 
Scutellaria minor L. Page 358. 
Hebden Bridge. A. Baines. 
Ballota nigra L. Page 359. 
L. Near Feizor. C. 
W. Common about Knaresborough. JZS. 
Galeopsis versicolor Curt. Page 361 
R. Near Lodge. A. Settle Ings, shale. MS. 
Lamium incisum Willd. Page 363. 
R. ‘A common weed.’ JZ. 
[Teucrium Chamzdrys L. Page 365. 
R. Feizor (Botanic Garden). 4] 
BORAGINACEA., 
Borago officinalis L. Page 370 
R. Bridle road from Rathmel to Malham. JS. 
Mee natee tage L. ° Page'371.. 

Feizor. &. Clapham. This appears to be a legitimate 
wild growth, not a ‘Botanic Garden’ record, as it is 
included in Herbarium, Catalogue, and MS. 

PRIMULACEA. 
aes: “eat tenella L. Page 379. 
R. Dub Cote (Horton-in-Ribblesdale). A. Cockit Moss. Z. 
CHENOPODIACE, 
Chenopodium glaucum L.. Page 384. 
R. Ribble bank. C. 
Chenopodium rubrum L. Page 384. 
R. Ribble banks. C. 
Naturalist, 


WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES. 39 


POL YGONACEZ. 
[Rumex alpinus L. Page 388 
L. Feizor Botanic Garden. &. Clapham), 
AMENTIFER. 
Populus canescens Sm. Page 4or. 
Hesleden Gill. C. 
CONIFER, 
Juniperus communis L. Page 409. 
R. Moughton: common. C. 


Ree ee communis L. var. nana Willd. 
R. ‘Common.’ C. Query: only stunted communis ? 


HYDROCHARIDACEA. 
Hydrocharis Morsus-ranz L. 422 
R. Cockit Moss. C. If correct, this record would give. 


a range of 500 feet instead of only o-100 as in the ‘ Flora. 
But Mr. J. G. Baker informs me that its accuracy is most 
unlikely. Mr. F. A. Lees observes—‘Impossible. Utterly 
opposed to all we know of the Frog-bit. It would not 
live over the season if put in an open-air pool—could 
not perfect its winter buds.’ 
ORCHIDACEE. 
Orchis pyramidalis L. Page 423. 
Near Langcliffe (J.G.B.). A The full record is—‘ Miss 
Swale’s field at Langcliffe called “the Stubbins.”’ MS. 
notes in ‘Baines’ stand thus—‘ Near Settle’; ‘ Langcliffe.’ 
‘Wath’ in the ‘Flora’ is an error—apparently in 
transcript. The next species was intended. 
Orchis ustulata L. Page 424. 
D. Wath-upon-Dearne, 1836. G. P. Wicholson. 
Spiranthes autumnalis Rich. Page 4 
Near Wath-upon-Dearne. G. P. Nicholson. (See Astragalus 
hypoglottis.) 
LILIACE:. 
Allium oleraceum var. secon ger Bor. Page 447. 
R. Castleberg, Settle. AN 


CYPERACEA. 
Scirpus multicaulis Sm. Page 454. 
R. Tarn field, Giggleswick. C. 
Feb. 1893. 


40 WHITWELL: WEST YORKSHIRE RECORDS AND NOTES, 


Scirpus sylvaticus L. Page 456. 
R. Littlebank and Scaleberg pastures, Settle. C. 
Carex acuta L. Page 464. 
R. Lodge, near Anley. C. 
Carex rigida Good. Page 465. 
. Fountain’s Fell (J.G.B.). A Fountain’s Fell, 1849. A/S. 
Carex vulgaris Fr. (as cesfitosa). Page 46s. 
Near Hebden Bridge. A. See ‘Flora,’ var. Jdiogynea. 
The Herbarium contains also specimens from S. Gibson. 
from this locality, marked var. dioica, var. duplex, and 
var. chlorocarpa. 
Carex ampullacea Good. Page 474. 
R. Ribble bank. C. 
Carex vesicaria L. Page 474. 
R. Willow Island. C. 
GRAMINEAE. 
Phalaris canariensis L. Page 476. 
R. Roadside, Settle. C. 
Festuca ovina L. forma vivipara. Page 489. 
L. Ingleborough. JZ. 
‘ Ovina proper and vivipara on the same bunch’ (J.T.). 
FILICES. 
eenoeen unilaterale Willd. Page 499. 
L. North of Ingleton and Lunesdale. C. 
pat anies boreale Sw. Page sor. 
Gill near Buck Ha’ Brow, Aug. 1849. A. 
price Filix-foemina a. soem Roth. Page 504. 
R. Scaleberg pastures. C. 
Scolopendrium vulgare Sm. Page 506. 
Hebden Bridge, 1841. S. Gibson. 
LYCOPODIACE, 
carom alpinum L. Page 517. 
mmon.’ Storthgill. C. 
fest: Oe Selago L. Page 518. 
Ingleborough : July 1849. ZH. 
EQUISETACEE. 
Equisetum hyemale L. Page 521. 
L. Near Sedbergh, 1844. C. 


Naturalist; 


THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. 


Rev. JULIAN G. TUCK, M.A., 
Tostock Rectory, Bury Si. Edmunds, Suffolk 


As our greatest English poet has recently passed away from us, 
and has (to quote his own words) ‘gone... . from this room 
into the next,’ it may not be deemed unfitting to offer a tribute 
to his memory in the pages of ‘The Naturalist’ by quoting a few 
passages from his voluminous writings illustrative of bird-life. If 
the late Poet-Laureate were not an ornithologist in the sense in 
: aan aie : 


under the roof of which he passed the early years of his life. 
Beginning with ‘Claribel,’ the poem which stands first in most 
editions of Tennyson’s writings, we meet with the lines— 
rin’ ho lintwhite swelleth, 
The clear-voiced mavis dwelleth, 
The perl throdtle lispeth. 
and in ‘ Mariana’ he alludes to a sound well known to his readers 
alike in town and country, 
The sparrow’s chirrup on the roo 
Going on through the group of poems colin eso 
‘Juvenilia’ we have the two songs dedicated ‘ To the : the 
poet in his school-boy days go bird-nesting, and thus dias the 
slumbers of the white owls which lived in the tower of his father’s 
church? Possibly he did, since we read— 
Alone, and warming his five wits, 
The white owl in the belfry sits. 
In the second of these songs the sonorous cry of the brown owl is 
splendidly described as 
i argh ier so 
Tuwhoo, fh ches tuwhit, h 
Perhaps the ‘ Dying Swan’ appeals more to “he lover of poetry 
than to the naturalist; but in the ‘ Miller's Daughter’ we have an 
allusion to 
some wild skylark’s matin song, 
and also to sia deve which seems to have been a special favourite 
with the Laureate ; 
And oft I heard the tender dove 
r making moan 


Feb. 1893 


42 TUCK : THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. 


‘(Enone’ leads us in thought to wilder scenes, but described 
with no less ae ; to 
k tall pines, that plumed the craggy ledge 
High over the blue Borge, and all between 
wy peak and snow-white cataract 

Letrmat the callow eciee 
while the ‘May Queen’ brings us home again, with its references to 
birds more or less familiar to most of us; 

The building rook ’ill caw from the windy tall elm-tree, 

And the tufted plover pipe along the fallow lea, 

And the swallow ’ill come back again with summer o’er the wave. 
Everyone who has lived near a rookery, or walked in spring over 
a farm in search of plover’s eggs, and heard the oft-repeated shrill 
‘ pee-wit, pee-e-wit,’ must admit the graphic accuracy of these lines. 
Then, like the owl, the blackbird has a little sonnet specially 
addressed to him; his depredations on the summer fruit seem 
to have been more readily condoned by the poet than by most 
owners of gardens, from the first two stanzas, 


O blackbird ! sing me something w 


h 
& 
Where thou mays't warble, eat, and dwell. 


The espaliers and the standards all 
Are thine: the range of lawn and park : 


u 
All thine, against the garden w 
Describing the fresh beauty of an ideal May morning in the 
‘Gardener’s Daughter,’ the yor introduces the chorus of varied bird 
music ; 
From the woods 
Came voices of the well- Silent sone 
The lark could scarce get out his notes for joy, 
i red 


His happy home, the ground. To left and — 
e cuckoo told his s name to all the hills 

The — ouzel fluted in the elm; 

The redcap* whistled ; and the nightingale 

ad loud, as tho’ he were the bird of day. 


St. Simeon Stylites is made to speak of his solitary devotions 
thus :— 


rowned the whoring id the owl with sound 
Of pious hymns and psal 


and in the ‘Golden Year’ we find ini monarch of the bird-world 
contrasted with one of the smallest subjects of his Boe ets P 
Shall eagles n les? wrens be wr 
If all the world seid cst Bd ons, what sf ear 
e wonder of t pear were t 
But he not less the eagle 


* Goldfinch or Redpoll. 
Naturalist, 


TUCK: THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. 43 


‘Locksley Hall’ contains almost in its opening lines a fine piece 
of word-painting ; 
*Tis the place, and all around it, as of old, the curlews call, 
Dreary gleams about the moorland flying over Locksley Hall. 
As one reads the passage there appears to rise before the eye the 
lonely gray old house, standing on the ‘dreary moorland,’ from 
which the flights of curlews make their way at _ fall of the tide to 
the ‘barren shore.’ In the same poem comes the well-known 
allusion to the incon beauty and lustre of the plumage of birds 
at the vernal] season 
In the Spring a eunie crimson comes upon the robin’s breast ; 
In the Spring the wanton lapwing gets himself oe aang — ; 
In the Spring a young man’s fancy lightly turns to fico: of love. 
Any reader of ‘ bate Hall’ who has stood waiting for the evening 
flight of ducks in the fading light of a December day, and has 
watched the lines of rooks going overhead to their roosting-place in 
some distant wood, their calls sounding clear through the frosty air, 
can appreciate the force of the line which mentions 
The many-wintered crow that leads the clanging rookery home. 

Another description of bird-life on a spring morning is given us 

in ‘Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere.’ 
Sometimes the linnet piped his song ; 
Sometimes the — whistled stro 
Sometimes the sparhawk, wheel’d el 
Hushed all the sees from fear of wro ng. 

The ‘ Poet’s Song’ introduces us to a musician chanting 

melody loud and sweet, 
That made the wild swan pause in na eede 
And the lark drop down at his fee 
The swallow stopt as he uae the bee, 
The snake slipt under a 
The wild hawk stood with he, wk on his beak, 
And stared, with his foot on the pr 
And the nignsnast | thought, ‘I have sung many songs, 
But never a one so gay 
For he —_ of what the world will be ; 
When the world has died away.’ 

Allusions to the song of the pena are somewhat numerous 
in Tennyson’s writings; perhaps the happiest of all is that in the 
‘Grandmother.’ This most loveable old lady is represented as 
telling her little grandchild how some seventy years ago she ‘stood 

y the road at the gate’ to meet her lover, when in the still summer 
evening ; 
The moon like a on fire was tising over the dale, 
And whit, ag ote, in the bush beside me chirrupt the nightingale. 


Feb. 1893. 


44 TUCK: THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. 


There are few Tennysonian characters better known than his 
‘Northern Farmer.’ The old man, lying on his deathbed, tells his 
daughter of the improvements he has made in his holding, the chief 
of which was his having ‘stubbed Thurnaby waste.’ Here there 
was a ‘ boggle,’ or ghost, which had summary notice to quit. 

Moist loike a butter- bump, fur I heerd * um aboot an’ aboot, 
But I stubb’d ‘um oop wi’ the lot, an’ raaved an’ rembled ’um oot. 


r. Cordeaux, in his ‘ Birds of the Humber District’ (p. 104), gives 
st 


the name of ‘butter bump’ would doubtless have been about 1820 
a ‘household word’ at Somersby Rectory 
The passages in the ‘ Princess’ relating to birds are not many, 
but most interesting. Hilarion, speaking of his ambition to win the 
Princess Ida, is made to say, 
‘ The crane,’ I said, ‘may chatter of haa crane, 
The dove may murmur of the dove, but I 
An eagle clang an eagle to the ceatad 
In this poem is introduced the song to ‘the swallow winging south,’ 
and when the voice of the disguised Hilarion sounds rough and 
~coarse in comparison with the tuneful trebles of the ‘sweet girl- 
graduates,’ the Princess thus criticises his sae 
-divers sae 
Shall croak Wee state er, or the co iis 
Grate her harsh kindred in shee 
Hilarion declares that in his boyish pie ove jie spoke to him 
of her to whom his first love was given: 
At ond Natit 
With Ida, Ida, Ida rang ha 


The leader wild-swan in pratt tha. stars 
Would clang it. 


Perhaps the best comment that could be made on these lines is 
M de 


Some years ago, during the prevalence of a severe “blast,” I saw 
forty-two of these noble birds pass over our marshes, flying in the 
same familiar arrow-head formation as wild geese use—a sight not to 
be forgotten, not alone for their large size and snowy whiteness, but 
their grand trumpet-notes. Now single, clear, distinct, clarion-like, 

a solitary bugle sounds the advance—or the tongue of some old 
hound, uplifted when the pack runs mute with a breast-high scent; 
then, as if in emulation of their leader’s note, the entire flock would 


Naturalist, 


TUCK: THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. 45 
burst into a chorus of cries, which, floating downwards on the still, 
frosty air, had every possible resemblance to the music of a pack of 
foxhounds in full cry—sounds which have doubtless given rise to 
the legend, common in some form or other to all the northern races 
of the demon huntsman and his infernal pack.’ 

One other passage from ‘Princess Ida’ may be quoted, referring 
to the self-destruction of migratory birds against the glass of 
a lighthouse, a subject to which the Lincolnshire ornithologist 
mentioned above and others have devoted much careful attention 
of late years, though at the time (1847) that ‘In Memoriam’ was 
first published it had been little thought of. 

Fixt like a beacon-tower above the waves 
Of tempest, when the crimson-rolling eye 
Glares ruin, and the wild birds on the light 
Dash themselves dea ri 

Boadicea, anticipating the avenging of her wrongs, calls on the 

carnivorous birds to gather around the corpses of her Roman foes: 
k an answer, gpa gered Bp and blacken onc aT 
eidetan round the Roman ca make the carcase a skeleton, 
Kite and kestrel, om and wolfkin, from the wilderness, wallow in it. 

Very fresh bya hie and breezy is ‘The Window, or the Song 
of the Wrens he accepted lover, rejoicing in the arrival of 
a letter containing a answer he has longed for, but hardly ventured 
to expect, calls on all the birds to share his joy: 

Be merry, all birds, to-day, 
merry on earth as you never were merry before, 
Be merry in heaven, O larks, and far away, 
And merry for ever and ever and one day more. 
Why? 


For it’s easy to find a rhyme. 
Look, look, how he bigs 
The fire-crowned king of the wrens, sy of the pine! 
Look how tly femtie the blossom, the ad little tits ! 
‘Cuckoo! cuckoo!’ was ever a May so ? 
For it’s easy to find a rhyme. 
~ merry the linnet and dove 
And swallow and sparrow and throstles, and have your desire ! 
O merry, my hea A yin. ate e gotten the wings of love 
And flit like the king of the wrens with a crown of fire. 
Why? 
For it’s ay, ay, ay, ay. 


Neither ‘In Memoriam’ nor ‘Maud’ contain much especially 
attractive to the ornithologist. The former has allusions to the 
linnet, the lark, and to ‘the distant sea’ ; 

w the seamew bm tl or dives 
glea 


In ran ie greening g 
Feb. 1893. 


46 TUCK : THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. 


‘In Memoriam’ also contains the stanza which some years: ago gave 
rise to a correspondence in one of the weekly papers as to the claims 
of the wheatear* or the kingfisher ; 


When rosy germane tuft the larch, 
And rarely pipes the saw gue thrush ; 
Or underneath the barr 

Flits by the sea-blue bird of feat: 


In the first part of ‘ Maud’ we . the — 

The May-fly is torn by the swallow, the sparrow is spear’d by the shrike. 

And the whole little wood where I xt is a world of plunder and prey. 

Coming now to the ‘Idylls of the King’ which many lovers of 
Tennyson’s poetry consider to be the very crown of his work, and 
perhaps that by which he will be best known a century hence, we 
meet with many striking references to bird-life. In the ‘Coming of 
Arthur’ the small birds’ ignore habit of flying after the cuckoo 
is alluded to in the King’s spee 


I have seen the cuckoo beam by lesser fowl, 
And reason in the ch bf 


A little further on in the same idyll we read— 
The swallow and the swift are near akin. 
In ‘Gareth and Lynette,’ when Gareth invokes the ‘birds that 
warble to the morning sky,’ Lynette retorts, 
What knowest thou of birds, lark, mavis, merle, linnet ? 
The bern has mention (ome ai him in the suggestive lines— 


bbe oge the lorie hern peck shi ob hol 
Lets n his other leg, and s ore dreams 
Of seule supper in the ae 
The next idyll, ‘Geraint and Enid,’ has a passage of great beauty, 
in which Geraint is described as. hearing Enid, then unknown to 
him, singing a song, which was to him like a sudden and unexpected 
burst of music on an April morning, causing the hearer 
To think or say, ‘ There is the nightingale.’ 
Again, Geraint is represented as 
Glancing all at once as keenly at her 
As careful robins eye the delver’s toil ; 
a pretty simile suggested by the robin’s well-known habit of waiting 
in attendance on a gardener when turning over the soil, and bringing 
worms to the surface. 
Dwellers near the few places in which the stone-curlew breeds 
will be well able to understand Enid’s nervous alarm wh 
The great plover’s human whistle 


mazed 
a heart, and glancing round jhe: waste she feared 
n every feet brake an ambuscade. 


Sie Lirds of the Tumler District,’ p.'ge. 


Naturalist, 


TUCK: THE ORNITHOLOGY OF. TENNYSON. 47 


‘Merlin and Vivien’ has siege allusions to falconry. Queen 
Guinevere declares her intentio 
Ride a-hawking with Sir Lancelot. 

He hath oie? us a fair falcon which he trained, 

We go to prove it. 
The gift proved well worthy of a Queen’s acceptance, when Sir 
Lancelot 

Unhooded casting off 

The goodly falcon free ; ; she towered; _her bells, 
d 


Who pounced her quarry and slew it 
In ‘Lancelot and Elaine’ the royal sport is introduced again. 
Elaine asks the Prince: 
ra sei king, 


5 beat - — . hse _ mine head, > said he, 
e lark aap 
O pak in the ight “ your “ios eyes 


Elaine, in another part oy or idyll is likened to 
ittle helpless, innocent bird, 


Will sing the simple passage o’er _ o’er 
eu =e an te a age till the 


Either the fie. anand or yellow bunting might be the bird 
referred to. hem, when the short life of the ‘lily maid of Astolat’ 
is nearing its close 

Death, like a friend’s ieee from a distant field 

Approaching thro ors darkness called ; the owls 

Wailing had pow: 

We have in the ‘Last Ben oes a spirited passage, introducing 

with noteworthy accuracy two well-known birds. Tristram, addressing 
Isolt, is made to say: 


Worldling of the world am I, and k 
The a. that ei ig ere his veal 


Woos his o wen we are not — here, 
Nor shall be: vows—I am woodman of the woods, 
And heen the ae ase i Mapate® 
Mock them 


Most lovers of wild birds are fond of the lintwhite or linnet, and 
the late Laureate seems to have been no exception. The few 
quotations here culled from his works may fitly conclude, as they 
began, with a mention of that charming little bird. The lines are 
from the novice’s conversation with the Queen in ‘Guinevere’: 


* Green woodpecker. 
Feb. 1893. 


48 TUCK: THE ORNITHOLOGY OF TENNYSON. 


Himself beheld three spirits mad with joy 
Come dashing down on a tall wayside flower 
That shook beneath them, as the thistle shakes 
When three gray linnets wrangle for the seed. 

The passages given above were nearly all found marked in a then 
complete edition of Tennyson’s works published in 1878; within the 
last few years a small volume has been published, ending with the 
now familiar ‘Crossing the Bar. This contains the ‘ Progress of 
Spring,’ which is, as might be expected, rich in allusions to summer 
birds 

Up ae the lark, gone wild to we come her, 
gia 


While ro’ TOWS a W nd culver* flits, 
Watching her large light eyes and gracious looks, 
And in h hale 


Patient—the secret splendour of the brooks. 
* x * * * * 
Now past her feet the swallow circling flies. 
re clamorous eet — s to meet ra hand. 
* 
The idee woe and ie turtle purrs, 
The starling claps his tiny castanets. 
It must not be thought that the quotations here given contain 
all the allusions to our British birds in the Laureate’s works 


Tennyson at hand for reference, and the reading of the latest poems, 
published during the last ten days, is to him a pleasure to come. It 
may safely be said that any one who chooses to explore the rich 
literary mine which the late Laureate has left open for his country- 
men will find many others for himself; but possibly some of those 
given above may be new to many readers of the ‘ Naturalist,’ and 
interesting, since every one of the birds mentioned (with the possible 
exception of the ptarmigan) has been met with in one or other of the 
counties enumerated on the cover of this journal, and the majority 
of them breed annually in the North of England. Nor does it come 
within the aim of this paper to speak in laudatory terms of the great 
poet’s life and work; that has been done already in pulpit and 
press by some of the ablest tongues and readiest pens in the land, 
and will be done again and again ‘far on in summers that we shall 
not see.’ But should it be the means of leading even one reader to 
peruse his Tennyson with fresh or renewed interest, it will not have 
been written, or, perhaps it should be said, compiled, in vain. 
All Hallowstide, 1892. 


* Wood Pigeon. 


Naturalist, 


Bn Wemoriam. 


T. J. MOORE. 


THE death of Mr. Thomas John Moore, C.M.Z.S., A.L.S., curator 
of the Liverpool Museum, which occurred the last day of 
October, takes from amongst us one of the kindliest and most 
genial of men and a most devoted public servant. 


pare 


For more than 4o years Mr. Moore spared himself neither time 
nor labour in building up and utilising for the instruction of the 
public and the advancement of science the magnificent collections 
that have placed the Liverpool Museum in the front rank of 
provincial museums. Other museums there are of older date, but in 
Feb. 1893. » 


50 IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE. 


their now recognised position as free places of interest and instruc- 

tion for the public the Liverpool Museum has practically been the 

pioneer of museums in the provinces, and from its very inception 

r. Moore has been the curator of it. The great care and 
knowledge displayed in its arrangement, and the foresight, skill, and 
inventive faculty manifested in the cases and fittings are the best 
testimony to the unwearied energy and marvellous ability of its 
curator. 

In speaking of himself, Mr. Moore said :—‘ My life has been a 
specially quiet, simple, and uneventful one. I have served but 
three masters—the Zoological Society of London ; Edward, thirteenth 
Earl of Derby, at Know es ; and the Corporation of Liverpool, and 
this in unbroken sequenc 

Mr. Moore was idee in London, in 1824. His father was a 
Norfolk man, and soon after his marriage obtained an appointment 
on the staff of the Zoological Society. Here from his early childhood 
his son became a careful observer of animals, living and dead, and 
acquired that love for the study of Natural History that remained 
with him and increased with increasing years, Here, too, in his 
youth, he made the acquaintance of Gould—who was curator to the 

Zoological Society—,Waterhouse, Martin, and other naturalists of 
repute who were then on the staff. In 1843 he received and accepted 
the offer of an appointment, under Lord Derby, as assistant to 
Mr. Thomson, Superintendent of the menagerie and aviary of that 
nobleman at Knowsley, where Lord Derby had devoted a hundred 

acres of land and as many of water to the well-being and comfort of 
the magnificent collection of mammals and birds that he had got 
together from all parts of the world, besides a well-stocked museum 
of stuffed and mounted specimens inside Knowsley Hall. For eight 
years Mr. Moore remained at Knowsley, surrounded by unrivalled 
opportunities for the study of Natura! History, and that he availed 
himself fully of these opportunities the Liverpool Museum sufficiently 
shows. ‘The advantage of being thus placed, where a careful study 
of the living forms and habits of animals could be made, is well seen 
in the life-like attitudes of form and grouping which so pre-eminently 
characterise the stuffed specimens in the Liverpool Museum. 

n the death of the Earl of Derby, in 1851, his collection of 
stuffed specimens and skins was offered to the Corporation of 
Liverpool on condition of its being maintained for public use. 
The offer was accepted, and an Act of Parliament obtained author- 
ising the establishment of a Museum and Library in Liverpool. 
The Museum was first opened in Duke Street, Mr. Moore being 
appointed Curator, and under his superintendence the Derby 


Naturalist, 


IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE. 51 


Collection, ae numbered over 18,000 birds, 1,200 mammals, and 
300 reptile fish, the greater part of which were stuffed, were 
removed has ‘pavasles to their new quarters in Liverpool to be 
freely available evermore for the use and instruction of the public. 
The work of arranging and labelling a collection of this magnitude 
was sufficient, one would have thought, to satisfy for a long time the 
desires of the most energetic, but Mr. Moore never wearied in his 
endeavours to form a museum illustrative of the entire animal 
kingdom and commensurate with the high position in wealth, 
intelligence, and population of the town of Liverpool. The result 
was that in a few years the collections had so grown as to require 
greatly increased accommodation, and this was found for them by the 
late Sir William Brown, of Liverpool, who, in 1860, erected at his 
sole cost, the Library and Museum building which stands on a site 


of the globe. The history and development of the Liverpool 
Museum is practically the history of the life and work of Mr. Moore, 
for never had any institution a more zealous and enthusiastic worker 
at its head, nor one whose manner was more likely to gain friends 
and helpers to its cause. Mr. Moore fully recognised how greatly 
the museum would be benefited if the large mercantile marine of the 
port could be sufficiently interested in its work to avail themselves 
of the splendid opportunities they had of collecting marine 
Specimens on their varied and extended voyages. He quickly 
imparted some of his own zeal to the captains of merchant ships, 
and he published for their use a pamphlet of suggestions pointing 
out how best to obtain and preserve marine animals, both living and 
dead, also providing dredges, nets, and preservatives, for use on 
board ship. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool 
furthered his efforts by conferring the keenly appreciated honour of 
associate member on those captains who carried out the suggestions 
and made collections for the museum. This produced a commend- 
able spirit of rivalry, which resulted in great advantage to the 
museum and a considerable addition to its collections. jongst 
the methods used for importing living fish was a glass vessel, which 
obtained the name of the ‘Mortimer Fish Globe,’ on account of its 
very successful use by Captain Mortimer in the first instance, and 
atterwards by other captains in bringing living fish from various 
reign places, and this globe i likely to become historical from the 
later important use to which it has been applied. It consists of a 
round globe with a wide opening at the top, the base resting on 
a circular piece of wood, from which a number of cords 
upwards and were joined together on a ring above the mouth of the 
Feb. 1893. 


3 
3 


52 IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE. 


jar. The jar could be hung up by this ring so as to swing freely with 
the motions of the ship without any friction, and its contents could 
always be under observation, thus making it a source of interest and 
attraction to the captain and others on board. There was much 
less likelihood of the contents being thrown out than would have 
been the case if it had rested solidly on the ship, and doubtless the 
motion of the water was better suited to the well-being of the fish 
than if it had been still. At any rate experience has proved that up 
to the present this has been the most successful means of transport- 
ing living fish on long voyages, and Mr. Moore by its means was 
enabled to accomplish the task, previously attempted in vain, of 
sending living soles to America for the purpose of acclimatising 
them to American seas. Dr. Spencer Baird, who was very desirous 
of introducing some of our British food fishes into American waters, 
had sent a special commissioner to England to carry out this object, 
and 700 soles were sent in tubs, but only three arrived alive in America, 
and after other efforts had been made and had failed, Mr. Moore was 
appealed to. He sent a number of the Mortimer Fish Globes each 
containing four soles, and with scarcely a fatality in the whole series 
the soles arrived alive and well in America, these being the first that 

survived the transatlantic voyage. Mr. Moore also tried to 
acclimatise the American Clam (Venus mercenaria), to our coasts, 
and laid down a number of living specimens in the Mersey, but not 
with any decided success. 

But not only was he successful in enlisting the services of sea 
captains for the museum, but many travellers and sportsmen under- 
took, at his request, to obtain specimens for the museum, and many 
rarities were added in this way. One of these deserves special 
mention, on; .Account of its striking appearance and gr eat rarity in 


on as 
Literary and Philosophical. ery and published in their 
proceedings. 

my good fortune to be associated with Mr. Moore, as 
principal assistant in the museum, for seven years, and I have 
always retained for him feelings of sincere regard and _ affection. 
His kindness of heart and intensely sympathetic nature, together 
with his ever ready help in promoting the comfort and welfare of 
those associated with him, endeared him to all the staff, all of whom 
felt it a pleasure to carry out his wishes. Mr. Moore was a man of 
untiring energy, and he would continue at any work he had in hand 
without any regard, for the time being, to the desirable calls for 


Naturalist, 


IN MEMORIAM—T. J. MOORE, 53 


bodily sustenance, and I have repeatedly been with him working in 
the museum until the small hours of the morning. This, no doubt, 
had its effect on his health in due course, or we should not have 
lost, before even he had reached the years of threescore and ten, a 
man of his vigorous constitution. He had a wide and deep general 
knowledge of the animal kingdom, but was in no sense a specialist, 
though probably as a result of his training and vocation he was more 
intimately acquainted with the mammalia than any other class of 
animals. With a museum covering such a wide range as the 
Liverpool Museum it would have been thought that specially trained 
assistants were necessary, but this he never had, preferring rather to 
take youths into his service to learn their work with 

In one respect, however, most valuable aid was given him aid 
help that he was always most anxious should be fully recognised. 
This was by the Rev. H. H. Higgins, M.A., who for more than 
thirty years has given his spare time and labour ungrudgingly, and 
one might almost say lovingly, to the work of arranging, illustrating 
and describing the series of invertebrates which fill the twenty table 
cases that occupy the floors of the upper rooms of the museum, 
besides in many other ways interesting himself in the welfare of the 
museum. Mr. Moore was always ready to assist in any and every 
way students and scientists who wished to make use of the Liverpool 
Museum, but he had not, unfortunately, the pen of a ready writer, 
so that his contributions to literature are but scanty. But many 
notes of high scientific value were contributed by him to the 
Literary and Philosophical Society’s Proceedings and other local 
publications. In one of these, on the Rocky Mountain Goat, 
I have already referred, and next in importance to this was a paper 
on Hybrids among Pheasants, also published in the Literary 
and Philosophical Society’s Proceedings. He was for some time 
President of the Liverpool Marine Biology Committee, and 
published in their Report for 1889 an account of the Seals and 
Whales of the Liverpool District. In the earlier days of the 
museum the naturalists of Liverpool published a Naturalists’ Scrap 
Book, to which Mr. Moore was a frequent contributor, and recorded 
the occurrence of several species new to the district, including 


vis); Opah or King Fish npg guttatus) ; Short Sun Fish 
ene aie las. Angel Fish (Sguatina angelus); Zledone 
cirrhosus; Portunus arcuatus ; Argulus foliaceus; Pherusa mullert, 
and seta others. His name has been given to two species, 
Delphinus moorit, described and —- by Dr. J. E. Gray in 
Veh. sins. 1893. 


54 NOTES AND NEWS. 


the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1865, p. 736; and 
rubabaincady. moorit, described by Dr. A. Giinther in ‘ Catalogue of 
Fishes,’ vol. . 53. He was for many years a Corresponding 


ember of - Zoological Society, and quite recently was elected an 
Associate of the Linnean Society. 

I cannot do better than close this notice by an extract from a 
short reminiscence of himself that appeared in a Liverpool paper 
about two years ago, which gives us not only a good insight into his 
character, but also shows that when he did write he could do so 
with a good deal of literary skill and charming felicity of expression. 
‘It will thus be seen that my life has been, as I said at the outset, 
a quiet and uneventful but busy one. [t has also been a happy one. 
I have been happy in my work, lessened only by my inability to 
accomplish more ; happy in my business associates, and with friends 
of kindred tastes ; very happy when seals or whales have ventured 
sufficiently near to Liverpool to allow of my making their personal 
acquaintance, as I have done with some half score of them. 
Happier still when once ona time I was called from my mid-day 
chop to inspect a collection of Dodo bones, which I bagged for the 
museum before I finished that chop, and sorted and matched and 
named before I supped at two in the morning. Happiest of all 
when Sir J. Pope Hennessy, in March 1879, exhibited to me and a 
select circle of friends at the museum a living baby hippopotamus 
from Liberia, the first of its kind—living or dead—ever brought to 
ngs ope, and which sat for his photograph with all gravity (see the 

“‘ Graphic” of that year). I am undecided in my mind, however, 
whether that happiness was not equalled, or even excelled, in June 
1876, on supping at Eberle’s Hotel with Pongo, the gorilla, and his 
friends and importers, eminent German men of science from the 
Gaboon on their way to Berlin, and who had previously given me 
an interview with him as recorded in the “Times,” and who were 
good enough to bring him to the museum to see his splendid stuffed 
relation, then recently presented to us by Mr. Henry Duckworth, of 
this city. That was a day !’—E. Howartu. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 


We have rk ate from the author (Rev. W. H. Painter) a ‘carefully compiled 
oO e 


account y of Biddulph and the Neighbou uring Parts of North 
Staffordshire.’ is a reprint from the ‘ Midlan ralist,’ and deals 
with three districts: the Valley of Biddulph, the Valley of the Trent, and the 
Rudyerd nu nts mentioned is ‘on and a curious and 
interesting feature of the ¥ is a list of several co nm plants which the 
author Rd not yet . in this ee of the county, wees which he believes to have 
be extinct. Un this category come such common plants as Zrophila 


10 
aie “Silene baa, Potentilla anserina, Epilobium palustre, etc. 


Naturalist, 


NEW BRITISH WORMS. 


Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, F.L.S 


I RECENTLY received a consignment of earth-worms from the 

neighbourhood of Bangor, which contained, in addition to some 

species new to Wales, one which is new to Britain, and probably to 

science also. I have named it AMurus tetragonurus, and my reason 

May at once be assigned. In 1874 Dr. Gustaf Eisen published in 

the Ofversigt af Kongl. panties No. 2, a paper on New 
W 


England and Canadian which he described, among 
Others, a tiny species from Siac “which he regarded as the type 
a new genus. The us he named TZefragonurus or the 


gen 
quadrangular-tailed, and supplied the following diagnosis :— 

‘Body cylindrical in front, quadrangular behind. Male pores 
on segment 11 bs the r2th segment according to our method of 
reckoning]; sete in oa as pairs. Lip or prostomium not 
dividing the first ring or peristomium. It comes nearest to the genus 
Allurus, from which, however, it is ee by the position of 
the male pore, which in A//urus is on segment 12 [= 13 in English], 
but in Zétragonurus on 11 [= 12], as wen as by the lip failing to 
cut into the buccal segment or peristomium.’ 

Eisen next supplies the specific jeaee of Zetragonurus pupa. 
‘Lip or prostomium small, acuminate in front, pallid, not dividing 
the peristomium. Male pores small, but conspicuous. The girdle 
Prominent, usually composed of five segments, viz., 17-21 [= 18-22]. 
Tubercula pubertatis conspicuous, three on each sidé of the girdle, 
occupying the 18th, roth, and zoth segments [= 19, 20, 21]. 
About 40 segments in all; length about 25 mm.’ Some Swedish 
comments are added, from which, in addition to the foregoing facts, 
we learn that there are only ten segments between the male pore 
and the first body segment ; the tubercula are in the form of a wart- 
like prominence or keel, extending over three segments ; the girdle 
is well-marked and easily distinguished from the adjoining portions, 
and stretches over five segments, one of which is before and 
the other behind the segments bearing the tubercula; the colour 
is sienna brown, becoming light red on the back part. The 
worm closely resembles A/urus, to which it approaches more 
nearly than to any other, if one has regard to the living form ; 
while it also sate similar habitats, namely, such places as 
lie near to water 
Feb, 1893. 


56 FRIEND: NEW BRITISH WORMS. 


Eisen supplied an illustration with his diagnosis, but thus far I have 
found no one who has discovered the worm elsewhere. Early this year 
I took a form in the South of England which I thought would prove 
identical therewith, but some leeches devoured all my specimens on the 
journey to the north. I have now to describe the worm from Bangor, 
which very nearly resembles Eisen’s species in some respects, though 
it is abundantly distinct therefrom in others. For the specimen I am 
indebted to Rev. Mr. Shankland, of Rhyl. 

Allurus tetragonurus Friend, is one and half inches in length, some- 
what cylindrical before, quadrangular behind and tapering from the 
girdle towards each extremity, so that the hinder part of the tail is 
only half the diameter of the girdle. ‘The girdle is very prominent, 
of a yellowish orange colour and closely fused, so that the segments 
are made out with difficulty. The fore part of the body is sienna 
brown, the hinder part a dull yellow-brown, closely resembling the 
light variety of Ad/urus (A. luteus Eisen, not A. flavus Friend). 
Total number of segments, about 85. e head is very small and 


to genera, but the attachment of the head or prostomium to the first 
segment is so variable that it cannot be relied upon. I have shown 
this in connection with a small Dendrobzene which was formerly 
called Lumbricus eiseni Levinsen, but which at present stands closely 
related to the tree-worms. 

he question now remains—Did Eisen make a mistake about 
the position of the male pore? I dare not insinuate such an idea, 
because with the exception of Rosa we have no foreign authority 
who can compare with him in accuracy of observation. For the 
present, therefore, we must assume that we have two worms which 
are practically identical in every respect (length or number of 
segments being no criterion) except in the position of the male pore, 
which in our British species is on the 13th segment and so ranks 
it with A//urus, but in America is on the 12th and so constitutes 
a new genus named TZefragonurus. If this is a fact, it must have 
a meaning, and it will be interesting to observe how future research 
will enable us to decide the question. Meanwhile it is very pleasant 
to be able to add a new species to our indigenous list, if not to the 


I append will show at a glance the differences and _ similarities 
existing between them. No. 1 represents pts pupa Eisen ; 
No. 2 stands for A/lurus tetragonurus Frien 


Naturalist, 


NOTES—MAMMALIA AND ORNITHOLOGY. 57 


| 
Segments occupied by 


‘ Total | 
No. — eae ? , “| Segments. | Length. Colour, 
Girdle. | . Tubercula, | Male wibsied 
a Sa | 
I 18-22 19-21 | 12 40 25 mm. Brown. 
H | \ 
2 18-22 19-21 13 85 | 30mm. Brown. 


] 
| 


A batch of worms sent me by Mr. Trumbull, L.R.C.S., from 
Malahide, Dublin, in November contained a worm which I took 
at first to be the same as the foregoing. I now find it to be a new 
species of A//urus, possessed of a very long tail. I have named it 
A. macrurus, and am giving a description in a forthcoming issue of 
the ‘Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy.’ A new form of 
tree-worm from the same locality. must at present be referred to the 
Celtic worm, Al/lolobophora celtica Rosa, var. rosea Friend. For fuller 
details the reader is referred to this month’s ‘ Essex Naturalist.’ 


NOTE—MAMMALIA. 

t the Mouth of the piesa cap uch nis to record, at a time 
when cine of our most jr aigh ve popul in x d feather are verging on 
extinction, that a fine dog Otter (Letra pose speigh ng 21 lbs., was shot at 
daybreak on Dec. oth eds running in the long grass at git e baby nie ei ee 

sea. It had ° 


the 
ret its fate immediately on landing.—JoHN CORDEAUX, False, Hall, Retford, 
1892. 


NOTES—ORNITHOLOGY.. 

Manx Shearwater at Sykehouse near i —A few days since a fine 
specimen of the pany Sheacw ater (Pz ea anglorum) was picked up exhausted, 
oe alive, by Mr. James Sewell at Syke se, and is now in the possession of 

Mr. James Peel, taxidermist, Fale "Halifax. —cC. C. Hanson, Greetland, 
Noy. roth, 1892. 


Flamborough Bird-Notes.—A change in the weather would be a grand 
thing for the birds. is poor things are having a severe time of it ig ‘ecnend 
owing to the continual hard frost and the many northerly storms whic 

u 


Feb, 1893. 


58 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES, 


NOTE—FUNGI. 


Castle Ho mare hire A Correction.—In the list of Fungi collected at 
a Castle Howard and Malton aca guliiabed in ‘ Naturalist,’ Dec. 1892 
Sporo olin Pe des chrét., is entered for Castle Ho ward ; a 
Sporn aichot Corda, for Welham Park. These two names are 
nonyms, and were entered by an oversight.—CHAs. CROsSLAND, Halifax, 
Sak 17th, 1892. 


sieeamese tes 


: ed 
occurrence of /nula Peribienetrs in salie n siahbmidiond 1 of Dalton.in-F umess, no one 
h : 


when 
the side of an occupation road, in a hollow caused by rem g gravel for the 
purpose of repairing the road. ET. BaLpwin, 88, St. Sane Street, 3. Wi 


NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA. 
supposed Scarborough specimens of Liparis monacha, ee 


The 
It is unfortunate that the record of the melanic and seer apeeeeet of Lipar. 
monacha, exhibited by Mr. J. A. Clark at the meeting of t c Entomological 
Society of London on November 2nd last, has this month oii d its way in 
‘Th he time Mr. 


24). t l r din ng 

specimens, he was under the se ee that their parents had bee  capedied : a 
Scarborough, and in ice! belief, a full page plate of the varieties, accompa nied by 
an explanatory = per by Mr. Clark, eet in the ‘Entomologist’s Record’ of 
October 15th last. On fee ing the plate and paper, knowing that Z. monacha was 
not known to occur at Stirit st at ‘all, Iw once kavinced that a serious 
mistake had occurred somehow, as the br dbeth specimens represented the 
well-known Continental vaiiaty preteite of the species, I had a strong pase on cy 
to what was the real origin of the specimens. Accordin ngly I wrote ‘tom 

Lil pan = ntree, of Scarborough, telling him my suspicion, and requ sits 
him to kindly investigate the matter. This he very promptly did, - result 

i I had 


proving exactly as ad anticipated, that the melanism was not only not 
Yorkshire, but not even British. On acquainting Mr. Clark with the result of 
our investigations, he p the matter to i i 
acc ; aving satisfied himself he had been totally misled, published an 
explanat No er number of ? 2 
which was followed in the December num note from eac lers 
rough whom the specimens had been procured, both of the Sates that the 
eggs which had produced the moths had been obtained from s between an 
i h 


rdinary specimen taken in the New Forest and a Coubliientht: ‘cxalipit of the 
i pe 


rom bs of th , one would suppose that ey beautiful 
pecimen of ca lubricipeda va Fades ata, exhibited on behalf of Mr. John 
era of Barnsley, were Vorcchire specimens, Shenk Me: Pistiis obtained 
their esti from Lincolnshire. 
markable melanic varieties of eat ced répandata from Sheffield, 
cuties ¢ on behalf of Mr. A. E. Hall at the December meeting (Nat., p. 24), 
were the same form which I took at Huddersfield in 1887, and the form 
I exhibited at the gh of the Entomological Society of London in February 
1889 (Nat., 1889, p. 100). It is interesting to find this grand vari 
‘ Sheies d, an ae no doxbt when looked for it will turn up in other of the 
est Rid d probably in similar localities in Lancashire. —Gro., T. PorrITT, 
Hoaiennad. ae 2nd, 1893. 


Naturalist, 


59 
BIBLIOGRAPHY: 


Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and 
Physical Features of the North of England. 


MAMMALIA, 1889-1891. 
THE present instalment of Bibliography has been compiled and 
edited by 
WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. 
Previous instalments of the Bibliography of this group of animals 
have appeared as follows :— 
For 1884, in ‘ Naturalist,” February, 1885, pp. 152-156. 
5 


yi 1: KSBS, “ August, 1886, pp. 239-241. 
», 1886-7, ia April, 1889, pp. 115-127. 
apis BOOS, August, 1891, pp. 253-259. 


The intent of these pibbdgriphient citations is to give a complete 
series of references to books, papers, and records which have been 
printed or published with regard to the ten northern English counties 
and the Isle of Man, and to indicate the gist of the contents of each 
in as concise a form as may be consistent with making these papers 
of interest and of value to persons engaged in geographical natural 
history work. In the case of long lists or papers, the very briefest 
indications only are given, reference to the original work or 
paper being necessary. In the case of short records, however, the 
convenience of the user of the bibliography necessitates the giving 
of fuller detail and the name of every species included, or even by 
giving the whole substance (destitute of verbiage) to obviate the 
necessity of further reference. No apology need be given for giving 
matter of this kind in ‘ The Naturalist’ ; it may not be of interest to 
casual readers, but to actual workers it will be of decided use. 


ANON, [not signed]. Lin 
Capture of a Whal le [20 feet long, on foreshore at Bennington near Bos 
‘a few days ago’; species not named]. Land & Water, Aug. 4th, 1888, ae 
ANon. [not signed]. York N.E 
e Markham Tweddell [with footnote that in 1535 a ‘sea-man’ 
(Geobabiy a crane ay witulina) was captured at skinningrove, and ke 
m eeks on raw fish, but a to the sea ; and it is added that visitors 
to Hull ge House Museum will remember Page Sor ‘Dale of another 
‘sea-man’]. Yorksh. Gonenican; Part 14, Jan Vol, 2 2: 
Anon. [signed ‘ - erer ’]. Furness, berland 
Mustela eater’ in the Lake District [a fine female trapped at 
Seathwaite agent o Coniston Old eras the species described as now 
te em rare, b shea occasionally about Dow Crags and nr ith Tarn, 


and also in the Seafell district]. Field, Pret 23rd, 1889, p. 


60 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


Anon. [not inc ed]. Notts. 
White Hares [Zepus europeus] in Notts [repeating records oe three instances 
from the Zoologistl. Land and Water, Ap. 6th, 1889, p 
ANoN. [signed ‘ Boss s ’]. 
Otter Hunting in Wensleydale cing Lutra near Cover Bridge, near 
Middleham, and rf Burton Beck}. Field, June 1st, 1889, p. 777. 
ANoN. [signed ‘ Stormer’]. Cumberland, Furness, gt te 
The Kendal pcimend Hounds [killing examples of Zura at Grimeshill, 
Lune, in Coniston Lake, and in River Irt at Holmrook]. Field, tone bn 
1889, p 
ANON. ek ‘eae mn "}. Northumberland S. 
Otter Hunting in the Tyne [at Riding Mill, and Harbottle Island]. Field, 
June 15th, 1889, p. 847. 
Anon. [signed ‘ Ragman ’]. Furness, Cumberland. 
The Kendal Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Letra lutra at ipa ote -in-Furness, 
Eskdale, and Copplehow Moss]. Field, June 15th, 1889, p. 846. 


ANON. [signed ‘ The Border Tyke’]. Cumberland. 
The Carlisle Otter Hounds ised are near Wetheral, Armathwaite, etc. ]. 
Field, July 20th, 1889, p [At Wreay on the Petteril]. Field, 
Aug. 17th, 1889, p. 240. Font the sk at Longtown]. Field, May 23rd, 
1891, p. 770. 

geen eres 


ed]. fees 
+ are lutra| on the Welland [one weighing 21 lbs. shot 
oan ive ng St. James, and five seen at Uffington Springs]. Land and Water, 
Sept. 14th, "1889, p 339. 
ANON. [not signed]. 

Ancient Red-deer [Cervus e/aphus] Horns [found in the bed of the 
Irwell during the Manchester Ship Canal excavation]. Land and Water, 
Oct. 26th, 188 44. 

Anon. [signed ‘ Ed.’]. York N.E. 

Large Rats [(4/us decumanus) ; one weighing 28 lbs., and 23 inches long, 
caught Aug. 1881, at Geo. Edson’s, Malton]. Field, Dec. 28th, 1889, p. 906. 

Anon. [not ne sie N.W., sa cociauk Ss. 

List of Donations to the seum [at che heap ok 
fro m Aug. To h, 1888 "0 ily Ist, eT [Scinras vulgaris from Cotherstone ; 
skeleton of ne with abnormal teeth, Carr’s Hil, Whitfield: and 
large do. from Caller Soa te Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and 
New. vol. 10, part 4 ia B p32: 

Anon. [signed ‘ Secretar Lance. S. 

Penketh Field Club [ Mausteie erminea, M. vulgaris, Mus “gbreoniias on a 
keeper’s gibbet near Bold Park]. N.H.J., March 15th, 1890, x: a 

Anon. [not signed]. KS.E. 

Ancient Relics: British and man [at Skipsea, in the ae where 
remains of Red and Fallow Deer (Cer rous elaphus and C. dama) are found ; 
see Poulson]. Yorksh. Notes and Queries, part dey April 1890, p. 270. 

Anon. [not pare Isle of Man. 
Observations [in the Isle of Man; Common Bat (? Vesperugo 
fpnirdn) a, Feb. 17th ; Manx close season for Hares Sewer timidus) 
begins Ist].. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 5, April 1890, p 
ANON. oe sere. k S.W. 
ical Notes from Wakefield Manor Rolls [Ric ate pion ned 
for taking a Step (¢ (Cervus a. in e Salemealls 1274]. Yorksh. Notes and 
Queries, Part 19, April 1890, p 
Naturaiaé 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 61 


Anon. [signed ‘ R.T. (Edlingham, Alnwick, Northumberland) ’]. Cheviotland. 
caer Moles [( 7a/fa europea) trapped on wm gt Farm near Alnwick, 
ast year, four this]. Field, April 5th, 1890, p. 500 
ANON. ve ed. “CoP, Notts. 
re AS ed -Catching [at Oxton ; account of dexterous capture of 
mber]. Field, April 5th, 1890, p. 504. 
sox sat * Dyer’]. York N.E. 
r C. Legard’s Otter Hounds [accounting for several Zura in the Derwent 
‘at Forge Valley]. Field, May 1oth, 1890, p. 665. 
ANon. [Newspaper paragraph]. Cu sine ca 
The West Cumberland Otter Hounds [in the ireainr district; Lutra 
the River Calder]. Field, May 24th, na p- 746. [At Maryport sr 
Arkleby]. Field, May 31st, — p- 810 
ANON. [signed ‘Th’ Little yank Cha Cumberland. 
ndal (Mr. Tattersall’s) Otter Hounds ve ? acta Cumberland ; 
sport with Letra huis Field, May 31st, 1890, p 
ANon, [signed ‘Th’ Little Owd Chap’]. Lanc. W., "Lan. wid York Mid W. 
Mr. Tattersall’s (The Kendal) Otter Ho ands [at on near Lancaster ; 
a dog otter Soe Zutra) 17 \bs. killed]. Field, july pout 1890, p. 146. 
Mo: the Ribble and Hodder at Brungerley an nd Consase jo aa 3 bad 
eather ; Bes ne een Field, Aug. 30th, p- 357- [At Mytton 
Bri idg Wha sili pee up the Hodder to Whitewell; "at 5 lbs. Zutra killed]. 
Field, Saptetaber 20th, 
ANon. [signed ‘ Ardaros’]. York N.W. 
Mr. Wilkinson’s Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Zw/ra in Wensleydale ; sport 
ot coe ape Abbey, Bolton Woods, and in Burton Beck]. Field, June 7th, 
p- 850. 


sgt Teese ERB) Cum 
Cat suckling Lev nee [= young Lepus europeus, at Egremont, Cumberland]. 
Field, June 7th, ee . 852. 
ANON, [signed ‘ Viator’]. York N.E. and S.E. 
ir Charles aeereS Otter Hounds [and their success after /wfra in tne 
yo and Derwent; a kill near Howe Bridge]. Field, June 14th, 1890, p. 874. 
[Afr Lanta on tthe Costa at Howe Bridge, near Pocklington, and on the 
Rye and Derwent]. Field, May bee 1891, p. 770. 
Anon. [signed ‘A. ‘} York Mid W. 
Otter Hun’ unting in the Wharfe [near ayy tess Bridge; a 224 lb. dog Otter 
eats — killed 26th June, by Col. Dawson's new pac ck, the Weston 
Field, July 5th, 1890, p - 


reas Pek ‘Ellen’ and ‘E.H.B.’ Cum ores 

The West Cumberland Otte : Hounds {at Bridgefoot, Rivers Mor 
Dilean , Cockbridge on the Ellen: good sport; two notes]. Field, pat re, 
pe Mid W. 


ANon. bas cAiadic! - 
ig Sehr: ’s (Weston) Otter Hounds [at Eastburn Beck and Lothers 
eck, at Carr Head and Malsis; us sport after Late Field, 

peed pa 1890, p. 357- 
Anon. [signed ‘Tyke’]. York S.E. 
ir Charles Legs s Otter Hounds [at Thicket Priory and on the eee. 
and Pockineite Canal; female Lutra killed]. Field, Sep. 1 3th, 1890, p. 426. 


Anon. [signed ‘ Old Madge’]. 


Cum ee 
est Cumberland Otter Hounds iat. ae and Arkleby ; good sport 
with Zutra]. Field, Sep. 20th, 1890, p 
Feb. 1893 


62 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


ANON. [not signed]. Isle of Man. 
Mammal observed at an] Excursion to the Mull Hills aes ~ Man, 
24th May, rts an ie a europeus|. Back Trans. I. of Man N.H.S., 
i. 117; publ. with Yn. Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1890 

Anon. [signed ‘F. R.’]. Isle of Man. 
ight between Magpie and Rat [(J/«s decumanus) in a corn-field near 
gene Isle of Man}. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1890, i. 204. 

ANON. ae AH *Ed.') Nort. 

Large vray Hare [editorial comment that the See hare (Zepus 


ge bit 
iat whi h they have record, is one of 134 lb., killed by K. Henderson, 
at Longwitton, gore berland]. Field, Feb. 14th, 1891, z 21k; 
ANON. win? North ena ‘} ? Derbyshire. 
White and Pied Stoa’ psthccpssy esa upwards of a dozen have been 
seen Baise killed by keepers about ‘ The Peak’ during the past severe winter, 
than arthow althoug ave or six are killed every winter]. Field, 
put 11th, 1891, 38. ‘ 
ANON. Ng ae FO. ti Lanc. W., Furness. 
Mr. R. Carnaby Forster’s Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Zufra at Halton- 


on- Lune, oe Bridge, Underley, Winderaiee etc.]. Field, July 4th, 
1891, 

a “ignat U.| Cumberland. 

Cumberland Otter Hounds [in pursuit of Zutra at Maryport, the 

Ellen, Keswick, Cockermouth, Braithwaite, etc.]. Field, July 4th, 1891, p. 11. 


Anon. [signed ‘ is ei York N.E. 

Sir Charles Legard’s Otter Hounds [in pasenit of Lutra in Forge Valley 
and fst Field, Aug, Ist, 1891, p. 203. 

Anon. [signed ‘C.W. (Withernsea, Yorkshire) ’]. York S.E. 


Hare ([Lepus timidus| taking to the Sea [at Withernsea, Dec. 6th, 1891, 
to escape from a dog, and swam past all three lines of breakers]. Field, 
892. 


Linc. N. 

Albino Hedgehog [(Zrinaceus europeus) at Vinge ob aad Louth ; ks 
white with pink eyes]. Field, Nov. 9th, 1889, p. 

J. C. ATKINSON. York NE. 

nes used as Food by the Long-tailed Field-mo 

((4fus eben: at rial in-Cleveland, where also Arvicola agrestis occurs]. 

JAMES BACKHOUSE, j York N.W. 

[Mammals observed, a the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union ” Chatabai 


Teesdale [in Aug. ; Lalpa and Sorex]. Nat., Oct. 1889, p. 
JAMES Backwowse, ja York S.E. 
[Mammals eo the Lig enag Naturalists’ Union 
Abbey and Ac Ka am Brow [on Sept. 4th, 1889; Sorex, Ji ralpa, Lepus 
scales and ZL. timidus noted]. Nat., Nov. 1889, p. 341. 
i, roa ki York Mid W. 
Carn as pe opensities in the Water Rat [an anecdote of a Lepus 
pst ns gr, killed by five . amplthia near Church Satioly July 
1890]. , June 1891, p 
ma deh — York S.E. 
al [presumably — Sito soege ns Bi asobdn “n [on Oct. 4th, 1889 ; 
=" escaped]. Nat., 1889. 


gp ld BaIL 


York 
por te eitaing = LO eee Migecoko near the South Landing in 
sper: Sep. 1890]. » Oct. 1890, p. 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 63 


MatTTHEew Batt York S 
Flamborough Bird Notes 09 mention also of three or four large Whales 
seen], 1891, p 
A.B, an sid TYE - Northumberland, 
Tracks and Tracking on English Ground. Smaller Mammals [with 
figures of their foot-prints ; and incidentally referring “y Mus decumani as 
a farmers’ plague in Northumberland]. Field, Aug. 24th, 1889, p. 276. 
E. G. Bay ick S.W. 
Badger ete taxus] in South Yorkshire [on the line fees tievntio and 
ick-le-Street about 6 years ago]. Nat., Sep. 1891 
a 
ay yapiers Bat [Vesfertilio natiereri| at Bingley, Yorkshire gat amine Vien 
belfry tower, identified by W. D. sage ic Nat., March 1891 
as pte ur. 
Foxes [Vulpes vulgaris] bred in inte oraco {at Polam Grange, near 
Darlington}. Field, May 17th, 1890, p. 


F, Boyes York S.E. 

Bat (Vespertii Psion eb * winter [about the streets of Beverley ; 

occurrenc albino a year or two ago mentioned]. Field, Dec. zoth, 
860 ast : 

. E. Brapy, York S.W. 

Food of the Rough-legged Buzzard [at B ar Doncaster, 1888, 


near Barnsley in 1876: had a ia (Talpa ¢ paiviniatd) and Rat (AZzus 
piece Nat. Jan. 71889, joe 
W. D. BlrarrHwatre]. York S. 
Ackworth N. H. Excursions [to eg Common; Arvicola ajestis 
not He N.H.J., Sep. 15th, 1891, p. 105. 
‘Near York.’ 
‘Croung. Rabbits Dp ge cuniculus) suckled by a cat, near York]. Nat., 
1891, 


1, re Notts. 
Polecat Bustle pers in Nottinghamshire [caught aye in the Forest, 
a fe s from Retford, Jan. on Zool., Nov. 1891, p. 424. 


H. we Ee ex Lanc. S. 
ari ety of the repre baggy {caught in the fe puomess of a ts 
pes frozen mutton bet the Plate River and Liverpool ; Oldfie 1 


Thomas refers it to aha po mame the fone form of AZ. rattus). OPE, 
Jan. 26th, 1889, p. 126. 
JAMES CARTER York N.W. 
Notes from Nor th Yorkshire [Vesperugo noctula found on the ground at 
asham Pork her a Pyne of dung; sent to Edinburgh Museum]. Field, 
April 12th, 1890, p. 518. 


James Carter. York N. 
Unu Fecundity in Hare [ (Zepus Lecce near Masham ; five leveters 

in one nest this summer]. Field, Sep. 20th, 1890, p. 462. 

JAMES CARTER. York N.W. 
ounded ts biting [near Masham ; Zepus "soap Feet does 
so, and also Ze pits Field, September 27th, 1890, p. 493- 

James Carrer. York N.W. 
Fox [Canis vulpes] on the Warpath [at Burton House, Masham ; 
joe oe acco aout - aati one’s footprints in fresh snow]. Field, 

___Jan. 24th, 1891, p. 


Feb. 1893. 


64 BIBLIOGRAPHY ; MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


JAMES CART N.W. 
Otter [Z in ra — tra] Revouring: a Drake [at Burton House near ase? 
Field, April 11th, 1891, p. 538. 
ALFRED C, CHAPMAN, Durham or Northumberland? 
Natural rene Notes from — North [of England, written from 
Leamside, co. Dur rham, batt no t localised, and dealing with bap mie - 
Vulpes, Lep tel Ef: ie eld, Aug. 2n d, 1890, p. 
Ji BeCrare. pee 
tvenag Shark (species not — and Phoca vitulina seen near Filey Brig]. 
ie Dec. 15th, 1890, p 


Wm. re Eo York 
Daubenton s Bat [ Vespertilio cr caggns added to the Yorkshire Fauna 
t on athe Yore at Masham 19th, 1891, by Basil Carter]. Nat., 
Sep. p. ot < 
Wma. EacLe CLA York N. 
cgeig rarest in Yorkshire = shot on the Yore 


wine ¥’ 
Fe ate 19th Aug., 18913 ; new to ath Zool., Oct. 1891, p. 395. 
7, Core eshire. 
Curious ss Wikis at Sugar [near Li bosdeng oe de Rats (Mus PRE very 
troublesome]. Young Nat., June 1890, p. 
EDWARD CoMBE Cheshire. 
Black ariety of the Water Vole [4rvicola amphibia] in Wirral al shot 
close to ipaiwrge winter of 1881-82]. Zool., Oct. oe p- 384 
Joun Corp ork S. E., Linc. N. 
Bottle-nosed “Dolphin [Delphinus tursio] in the ne [at Tetney Haven, 
1888 ; refers also to one at Spurn, Sep. 1879]. Nat., Jan. 18 


JouN ane s. Ww. 
Wild Cat [Felis catus| in Yorkshire [repeating from Murray’s ‘Handbook for 
Yorkshire’ the Barnborough tradition]. Zool., June 1890, p 


J. C[oRDEAUX]. ork N.E. 
[Inordinate increase of Mus sylvaticus and Arvicola agrestis at Dan by-in- 
th nei resulting from destruction of Kestrels, noted in Shera 4{2.C. 
Atkinson’s ‘For rty Years in a Moorland Parish’). Nat., Oct. fe. p- 309. 
Joun as si S:E. 
White Porpoise [(Phocena mers ah a og Holderness Rha near 
the Spurn, seen Oct. 5th]. Zool., Nov. 425. 


— Cross. Lanc. W. 
the Fylde Flowers. Lytham and St. Anne’s-on-the Sea 
eae peat op noted in ese Wesl. wat gins gen p- 322 
J. Burtr Dav 


‘Lin roe 
Church if Accounts, Cockerington S. Mary’s, North iicmes 
eset entries ico Vulpes and Lutra, 1732, 1735, and 1744], Nat., 
P 
WILLIAM ScARTH pate ork N.E. and Mid W. 


In the North Countrie. Annals and Anecdo Horse, Hound, an 
Herd. [Gives historical notices of Fox-hunting in Yogic from 1686 


down]. London: Simpkin, Marshal iG Vor son Brothers, 
1889. [See Review in Field, July 13th, 1889, p. ‘ee wet seen by 
compiler]. 

J. W. Fawcett. Northumberland S., Cumberland, Durham. 


Otters [Zwtra /utra] in the North [brief particulars given of several 
cohol Cumberland, and Durham captures]. Nat., April coe 
p- 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 65 


J. W. L. T. Fawcett. Durham. 

sf a eryphus| on Coast of Durham [one Mch. pei Som i eg 
pool and Se aham ; measurements given]. Nat., Aug. 1890 255 

THOMAS iat <i ne. N. 


Badgers [Meles taxus] in eee ae on the Hundon estate near 
erg Field, Jan. 12th, 1889, p. 
R. Fortu 
trap pa Field Mice [near pe atc te ; old tin-can contained eight ; 
species not stated]. Zool., April 1890, p. 
RILEY Forru York N.W. 
[Mammals abanHied by] He San Naturalists’ Union at Leckby 
arr [on May 18th, : Lvinaceus, Scturus, Mus Serena Arvicola 
daaAdohdes A. tn Fees pest it L. cuniculus]. Nat., Aug. 1891, p. 237. 
RILEY FortTuN spate ac W. 


at Grassingto: 
[20th Fane, 1891; Vespertilio mystactnus and Myoxus recorded as new to 
re) n istrict ; 78. Zi I 


ru 
amphibia, A. agrestis, Lepus timidus, and L. Pie ia es noted]. Nat., 
Sep I, p. 264. 


Rivey Fortune. York S.W. 
M re) ad ee Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in Edlington 
and Wadwor th "Wood- {near Doncaster, 16th and 17th Se en. 189q1 ; Paee 
Maniseinue, Mustela Caines, Seturus and Lepus cuniculus|, Nat 
1891, p. hie 
J. W. Fos Notts. 
Badger pee taxus] near Nottingham [one weighing 34 Ibs. caught on 
- Field’s Aspley Hall uerina Field, Jan. 5th, 1889, p. 27. 
F. G. FRYER. ee 


York 
Two dead Foxes [(Vuipes vulgaris) in Nova Scotia Wood near York]. 
N.H.J., May 15th, 1890, p. 76. 
WA. Gain Notts. 
uirrels Lees vulgaris} and their Nests [as noted in the Dukeries, 
Sher the young never leave the — during the summer in 
which. Me are been: Sci. Goss., Aug. 1889, p. 189. 
RoBert GARNER. "Isle of wate 
Notes on the Natural sree of the Isle of Man [discussing form 
occurrence of Afegaceros, absence of 7alpa, _—s as to Arvicola amphi, 
and queries about tailles 3 Felis: catus|. Trans. I. of Man N.H.S 
1879-84 (publ. 1888), pp. 85-90. 
C. F. Georce. Linc. N. 
Parasite of Water Rat (4rvicol: hibins) (found at Alford by J. E. Mason]. 
Sci. Goss., Jan. 1889, p. 6. 
C. F. Grorce. 


N. 
ites on Rats and Mice [Jus —— specified ; locality not given, 

but probably Kirton-in-Lindsey]. Sci. Goss., May 1889, p. 116. 

T. Gress, _ Derbyshire. 

Calendar of ature for 1882 [at Bretby near Burton-on-Trent: ‘ Bat’ (s nagar 

not stated) seen vs h Feb 7th Ann. Re Pe: my rton-on- “Trent N.H. and 
Arch. Soc. for year ending 31st March, 1883, . 

T. G[izrs, fie. . Derbyshire. 

of Nature, 1884 [Jan. 8th, Bat seen at Burton-on-Trent]. 9th Ann. 

Rep. Burton-on-Treat N.H. and Arch. Soc., for 1884, pub, 1885, p. 23- 

March 1293. E 


66 BIBLIOGRAPHY: MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


G. = GRo York N.E. 
pee timidus| swimming [across ret Derwent near Ayton, 
eat toth, 1889]. Field, Sep. 21st, 1889, p. 
G. H. Caton HalIcu. Linc. N. 
Bat Jha ogg at ape. “ae on the Water [at Grainsby Hall near 
Grimsby]. , Nov. 
James Harpy Cheviotland. 
Report of the Meetings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ a for = 
year 1888 [horns of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), 12 or 13 ae , at Broo 


raining a 

Lincombe dean by Arvicola cakes Proc. — Nat. Club 
for 1388 (pub. 1889), vol. ee. 7b: 175, 178, and 179. 

JAMEs HARDY. Cheviotland. 


rt of the Meetings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, for i 
year 1889 [with votes as to Mors taxus ane fats vulpes at Linhope Linn 


and former as still at Thrunton Crags]. c. Berw. Nat. Club for 1389, 
vol. 12, No. 3 (pub. pies pp. er gh yg 
H. S. HARLAND. Lanc. W. 


pee Birds and Mammals preserved at Brighton [a cream-coloured 
rvicola Bd — near Garstang ‘about a month ago’]. Field, 
Feb. 15th 
HS. York S.W. 
Weasel Must parere! attacked by Hawks and Magpies [at a country 
miles out of Sheffield; the combat described]. Field, 
iis wh, vio, D6 


J. E. HARTING, Cumberland. 
A yy we en (JJartes Hegel trapped in Cumberland, exhibited]. Proc. 
. Soc., Ap. 5th, 1888, p 

Northumbertand Cumberland, Durham, 
J. E. HARTING. orkshire, Lancashire. 
e Roe ro, Capreolus caprea [treated of as a Rs al species ; its 
tacks mer occurrence in Northumberland, Cumberland, 8k pay 
Lancashire wetetaed to in a passing sente' nee]. Zool., iach mak pp. 81-82. 
Cumberland, siraaptas t N orthumberland, 
. HAR urham, Cheviotland. 
at 8 ‘Ba: at, Vespertilio daubentonii, pi es? {treated of as a British 
species: reference made to its occurrence at Ulleswater, cet ly 1863, Grasmere, 
Saabs Durham, eg Shotley auger Auvckla d St. Andrew, Long 

, and Twizel]. Zool., May 1889, p -166. 


}. Ee Hasriic Linc. N., ee S.W. and Mid W., Durham. 

Natterer’s Bat, Vespertilio nattereri [giving localities in _ Lincolnshire, 
acta and Durham, at p. 247). Zool., July 1889, pp. 241-248. 

J. E. HarTIne. ihe berland. 


pie soa es mE of Natterer’s Bat A Vespertilio natterert] in Britain [giving some 
rland records in detail, on the authority of H. A. Macpherson]. 


Zool. Aug, 1889, p. 309. 
Cheviotland, Northumberland S., Notts, 
J. E. HARTING. York S. bad Mid W., Lane. S., Linc. N., Cumberland. 


eer-Parks [giving particulars, histori ical and otherwise, as 
ha various wiitert, and the dates of the extinction of Cerz 
pees wild animal in various districts ; mention also of C. dama ind 


Cc speibhs}y Zool., ‘May 1890, pp. 153-160. 
‘Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 67 


J. E. HartTInc. k S.W. and N.E. 

The Wild Cat sete ib in Yorkshire aaa 3 gate and Roebuck’s 

Yorkshire Vertebrat afterwards giving in detail the Barnborough 
Legend]. Zool. Bg a 176. 

J. E. Hartine. Cheviotland. 

The wg ga Wild Cattle [giving pana from Lord Malmesbury’s 

Soriger ne) 1833 and from the Middlewick J om or Cheshire Advertiser of 

1746]. Field, Sep. 6th, orto ms 
J. E. tint Bore vient Cheshire, Lanc. S. 
hee White Cattle [(Bos a rating the herds, with a mee 


bull]. » Dec. 13th, 28, ¢ te 
sag os Haws, ihiinoay 
e Ser , Ves neck ort pealy cine Bye car there is bers to reiee 
taken at *Clestion | in hegre the Newcastle Muse and s ing chat it 
more likely / moct fey wider that this point t had already rie settled 
and notes peblihel in Zoologist]. Zool., June 1891, p. 205. 
J. E. Hartine. Linc. i sii, Cheviotland. 
ge eae pero Varieties [with details of the Duke of Portland’s 
her 150 e Fallow Deer (Ce ae dma) an “od 16 white Red Deer 
ie depha which hd aoe apart and no that there are a few white 
elaphus in wolow ark, ah House, Grantham, and at 
Alnwick Castle]. Field, rey rath! 1891, p. 88. 
J. E. Hartine. Yorkshire, Linc. ei and S., Lanc. S. 
The Polecat, Mustela putorius [a copious account of present knowledge 
of its distribution, Lincoln ebin re (near Grantham, etc. “a Vienne Durham, 
Northumberland, Cumber and, Westmorland, Furness, with some details 
i i ce 


da 
soem of Lord William Howard of Naworth]. Zool., Aug. 1891, xv. 281-294, 
and plate 
J. E. apenas Notts., Yorkshire, Lanc. W. 
The Fox, Vulpes vul garis [a general account, notes on first inatitution of 
hunting? Zool., Sep. 1891, xv. 321-334, and plate 
Northumb. S., York S.W.., pS) Furness, Cumb., 
- E. Hart ING See c. N. and S., Cheshire, 
riti 


A. HaviLanp. I 
The Necessity Collecting and Arranging the Ascertaine 
relating to the Glaciation iol the Isle of Man N aicamed: and reference ma 
to the occurrence of Cervus megaceros|. Back Transactions of the Isle of 
Man N.H.S., p. 64; published with Yn Lioar Macchia No. 4, Oct. 1889. 
Joun Hawet. Sock N.E. 
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union & Rigale ee Cerent [r2th July, 
1890; the geological report notes "aha hor! 
al iia been fnad in the peat-bed near Kildale Station]. Nat., 
ete. NOM BP. 274- 
March 73, 


68 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


JoHN HaweELi York N 
Bats Flying in Sunlight me oneness at Ingleby Greenhow ; species not 
ee Sci. Goss., Aug. 1891 187. 


J. S. Hope Westmorland. 

A Bat D Vesperia pipistrellus| at I p.m, er near Milnthorpe, Sep. 30th; 
sunny da ids H. J., Dec. 15th, 1889, p. 

Wma. Hopcs Cumberland. 


The Wild Cat [Felis catus| in Cumberland co | doubt as to certain 
records, and giving the latest authentic record]. te , Det. 1801, p..353: 

RICHARD HowsE. Dur REE aad S. 

Catalogue of the Local Fossils in the Ssicie of the Natural History 

Society ae Newcastle ; including records of Cervus elaphus, C. capreolus, 

C. alces, Bos printugenius, Sus scrofa, Megaceros hibernicus and Elephas 

primigenis in Northumberland and Durham]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. 

urh. and Newc., vol. 10, part 2 (1890), pp. 228-229. 


A. Pe, York N.E. 
. of Young ep (Sezurus vulgaris) at Stockton near York]. N.H.J., 

y 15th, 1889, 
A. S. cer Derbyshire. 


White aii. [Mustele erminea] in Derbyshire [localities given 2 a dozen 
cores killed since February began]. Field, April 4th, 1891, p. 477. 
HENRY Hyp ‘Chase 
[Mole (Talpa e she 20 noted at an] excursion to Ashley, for the ey 
Valley [on April 21st, gee Bis and Trans. Manch. Sci. Stud. Ass 
1888 (publ. March 1889), p- 
HENRY HYDE. Derbyshire. 
Astras (Mustela Mp ahr ) noted on an excursion to] Gi pens. we 
ossy Lea [on July 14th, the. Rep. and Trans. Mauch Sci. Stud. A: 
ee 1888 (publ. March 1889), p 
JAMES INGLEBY. York Mid W. 
Scarcity of Lesser Horse-shoe Bat [R/znolophus ee in Nidderdale 
[where it occurs at Ned Hole]. Nat., Feb. 1889 


A. G. JARVIS ec. N. 
Squirrels [Seiurns vulgaris)and Fungi [at Woodhall Spa, July | aes : 
Aug. 1890, p. 228. 
J. M. Jerrcorr. Isle of Man. 
Address of the Retiring President Sew relreenes to remains of Cervus 
elaphus and C. megaceros in Manx peat-bogs ; ‘ feeaih’ given as Manx name 
of former]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 2, April 1889, i. 56. 
J. M. JEFFCOTT. Isle of Man. 
dress etiring President [of the Isle o S., 
deliver M words in general ; craitnag= 
(Vespertilio pipistrellus) from craitnagh, led; m Hare | Lepus 
timidus t (Mustela erminea) ; keirey=Sheep (Ovis artes) 5 
Conning = Rabbit (Zepzes coreg enel and Roddan= Rat (Maus decumanus) are 
corruptions of English words coney and rat (? ratten), the animals not being 
indigenous as Manx]. Yn Linas Manninagh, No. 5, Jan.-April 1890, p. 155: 
bea seg ag i pereniarest 
n of Squirrels [(Scéwrus vulgaris); near Brampton the write 
would andra to vie traces in the snow cdechdleton! the pat is teveredl 
Zool., 1 1891, 


J. E. Kevsatt. Linc. N., Derbyshire. 
Distribution of Daubenton’s Sat’ | Fepertidie sam datetoni in Papigeorg 


» > 


Wetecniion) 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 69 


Pom. C. tae ODE]. I 
Phenological Observations [with Manx dates for Common age aad 
qoutanah s ge Vannin Lioar, No. 1, Jan. 1889, i 
a RM e of ae 
muli on Snaefell and Sky-hill [with incidental me ere ner 
acribtes the absence of small bones (so abundant in Taga tumuli) fi from 
tumuli, to e of Arvicola amphibia from the Manx fauna]. 
Back Transactions of Isle of Man N. H.S., i. 29, publ. with Yn Lioar 

inagh 1889. 


Pe MsGs Scone: Isle of Man. 
Notes on Manks Mammals [given in some detail ; aK Tailless pee (Felis 

catus), Cervus megaceros (extinct), C. elaphus and C. dama (both introdu 8" 

within historical times but soon extinct), ke oa Piste, * Plecobss Sy 

Be idisess Sorex araneus, Mustela erminea, Mus aticus, M. musculus, 

MM. decumanus, Lepus ti: ‘midus, L. cuniculus, Phecwee eta and a whale, 


probably Balenoptera hae; noted, with details as to occurrence (several 
others mentioned as of occurring), erm car: are. names and superstitions, 
Ste 2 eR 


etc.]._ Back Transactions of Isle Be PPp- 43-49, publ. with 
Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 3, July 1 889. 
P.M. C. Kermo Isle of Man. 


Address by the R etiring President . . . delivered . . . Marchuith, 
1886 [gives titles of sean dealing with the Manx Fauna]. Back Trans. I. 
Man N. i 


of H.S., i. 72; publ. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 4, Oct. 1889. 
P. M. C. KerMope ie pig y]. Isle of Man. 
Exhibition of the rn of a Roe pete Core capreolus) found near the 
Round Tower, P Peel]. ie Bet I. of Man N. H. S., July 12th, 1889; Yn Lioar 
Manninagh, No. 4, Oct. 1889, i 95. 
P. M. C. KERMODE. Isle of Man. 
The Antiquities of the Parish of Bride [with a note anent Lough 


Pherrick, that if ever there were Fei (Lutra lutra) in the Island they may 

hay e been met with in this Lough]. Yn Lioar Mannin., No. 7, Oct. Fe get 

E.. P. cat ede x. N.E. 
Mammal o by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union ye Robin 
Hood’s Bey ee sed 1889 ; Lepus cuniculus]. Nat., Aug. 1889, p. 229. 


W. LAMPLUGH. York S.E. 
Fossils from the Sewerby Cliff-beds ae St —— E. antiquus, 
Rhinoceros, ~~ damus —— tus, Equt. Mt eros, Bos primi- 
esp Bison, Hyena, Arvicola amphibia, mentio asia oo 
p. 58th Menine “of Brit. Ass., Bath, 1888 (pub. 1889), p 334- 

Cumberland, Westmorland, York N.E., 
RAwWpon LEE. Cheshire, Durham. 
Otters [Lutra pov and Otter Hunting [giving + list of the otter-hound 


packs and discussing the scarcity or abundance of otters in various districts r 
British ila: five packs are kept in our Shoei counties]. Field 
April 26th, 1890, p - 599. 
B. B. LeTatt. York N.E. 
aoe Bootham. Natural History Club [note of a colors tree’ at 
pay with about 100 moles (7Za/fa europea) on it]. N.H.J., Dec. 15th, 
1 168. 


R. L[ypexker]. cs., Notts., be rk S.E. 
The — Dative of the Beaver [( Castor aye sketch erenc 
also mad remains found in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, to the f fact that 


the ples ¢ in Vorkshit re where remains were found (Wawne) is close to a place 
named from the animal ae erley); and to the name of Bevercater (Notts. )}. 
___ Field, Jan. 3rd, 1861, 
March 1893. 


70 BIBLIOGRAPHY: MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


CUMMING MAcpbona. heshire. 


Cc 
Fox [Canzs vu/pes] swimming [across Chapel Mere, Cholmondeley Park, 
Malpas, Cheshire, on an island in which it was rearing a litter]. Field, 
1890, p. 160, 


H. A. MACPHERSON. mberland. 
Gas bight seers vulgaris) feeding on Fungi [in eidideasiee 2 NUE Dec 
I 
. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland, Furness. 
The Dict apa iE capetorse in Wales and Cumberland [in which county 
it is quite ra Meles now extinct; Maries getting scarcer 
every year, phat it iy occurs in Westmorland; Avizaceus referred to]. 
Zool., Sep. 1891, pp. 342-344. 
Aas chipset Cu arenes: 
Unusual Fecundity in Hare [(Zepus timidus); five leverets noted i 
nest, oan dy 1890, at Wragmire Bank, near Carlisle]. Field, Sep. 1a 
1990, p. 4 


Jas. aaa & Maso Lin 
the Water Vole [(Arvicola amphibia) found at ‘Alford, 
28th aibees 1888]. Nat., Feb. 1889, p. 60. 
JAMEs EARDLEY SoD 
Badger [J/eles may in Lincolnshire [one found 15th Mar 1890, in 
ayton Fen, crossed the river Eau into Withern Log ~ nally ‘taken near 
Strubby Chu rch weight 18 lbs.]._ Nat., April 1890, p 


N. 


Lin : 
Parish hileaues Rigsby with Ailby, North Lincolnshire [from 1686 to 
1710; entries of sums paid for Valpes, Meles, Lutra]. Nat., June 1891, p.178. 


Puitir B. Mason De rbyshie. 
Hy tion of Squirr vi Baton vulgaris); at Drakelow Hall, ne 
Burton-on-Trent they remained active throughout the whole of the Boson 
severe and prolonged Korth pera Ants 1891, p. 151. 
L. C. MIALL York Mid W. 
Natural History of the Aire [repeating oe s Si see of Zuéra in oe 
Aire]. Handbook for Leeds and Airedal ie r the use of t 
British Association, Leeds, 1890, pp. 22, mak md 
L. C. MIALL. 


Yo — 
Extinct Quadrupeds of Airedale [mentioning Paice gh Elepha 
primigenius, Bos primigenius, at Wortley and Lothersdale ; Ursus arenes, 
Canis lupus, Hig re a, Felis lynx, #. leo, Tarandus rangifer, Ce UUs 
megaceros, Bison, Rhinoceros, all P alluded to as having been once inhabitants 
of Vomuahinek: "Hen book for Leeds and sagen Prepared for the use 
of the British Association, Leeds, 1890, pp. 39-40. 
A. D. wien: De 
some unrecorded Parasitic Acari found in Great Britain [ 
autumn of 1888, 8 A ene hgh and Erinaceus europaus). Journ 
ool., No. 123, Dec. 31st, 1889, xx. 400-406; Zool., March 1888, x ae 
Je Gaarros MILNE. weer 
Ex from Lan e Churchwardens’ Accounts [Rochd 5 Pape 
Evrinaceus 3 yt 42, Fearn Oldham, 1734, ae Iesria aie mm 
Crompton, 1735, erdascensy, Nat., May 1889, p. 1 
T. H. NELson. 
Common Seal ap eigen at Coatham [a young one shot 5th March, 
1890]. Nat., Jan. 1890, p 


. 


N.W., Dur: 
[Hyperoidon rostratus) at the Tees Mouth Makes at South Gare; 
account of capture ; slight deacticiion: of example]. Nat., Aug. 1890, p. 228. 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 71 


TiN N York < 
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Kildale-in-Cleveland [with n 
that sa Ba dgers paras taxus) reported from Ingleby are teas = he 
Joods, where they have been turne woues also orid deus 
rd is x cuniculus ae at Easby}. Nat., Sep. 1890 vs poi 
CHARLES OLDH Derbyshire, Cheshire. 
Whiskered Bats [ Vespertilio — ~ a royshire ‘at yas! Dale 
near Bakewell, ion Ist, 18 omp t of this and 


etg erley igs, © heshire, pitas ee: Feb. ae 2 "685 and Nat., 
P- 59- 


oo ap Re Cheshire 
k Vets Arvicola glareolus| and Short-tailed Vole [A. agrestis] in 
North Cheshire [at Northenden ; also M/us sylvaticus, ie Sorex tetragonurus 

or coy a ‘Mustela vulgaris growing rarer]. Zool., March iss, p. 98. 
CHAS. OLDHAM. Lanc. W. 
Whiskered Bat [ Vesfertilio mystacinus] in Shropshire and Lancashire 
[one caught in a bedroom at Lytham, July 1888]. Zool., Sep. 1890, p. 349. 


Lanc. 
Albino Lon: ng-e ared Bat [Plecotus auritus] in Lancashire [killed by R. 
Standen at Gibensighs Aug. 1866, uniform light cream-colour]. Zool., | 
» P- 349. 


ES 
Cuas. OLDHAM. Che viotland. 
eged Antipathy of Cattle to Deer (criticized from observation ye “a 
vr vm Cervus washes and C. dama at Chillingham Park}, Zool., 
1690, p. 453- 
CHARLES OLDHA Cheshire, York Mid W. 
The Lyme P, air Herd of Wild White Cattle [( os oe $a — historical 
escriptive account of what is known of the herd, f thei r being 
crossed in I wand bull-calf, po last oration fe) re 
: 3 measurements of skulls and heads given, and woodcuts ase orms 
of horns ni and subsequent to the Givene: cross in 1859]. Zool., March 
1891, a ots 


N Notts. 
Water Rat | Ldraiale amphibia] and Eel [on the river Greet; eel swallowing 
the rat’s tail for a worm, and releasing it], Field, Sep. rath, 1891, p. 431. 
ALFRED E, lege ork N.E. 

its Badger [(Afdes | snug as observed at Plea aah 
ak laa * Field, Jan. 19th, 1889, 
Joun oe Lanc. S, 
Weasel [/ Micieaie vulgaris] defending Young aga ap ay near Warrington; 
circumstantial narrative]. Field, Aug. 15th, 1891, 
iotland. 


JNo. PHILipson. Chevi 
A othe . . . Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club, read 
May 15th, 1889 (noting Cervus pdt in Eslington a Nat. Hist. Trans. 
orthumb. Durh. 


Northumb and Newc., vol. 10, part 2, 1890, 
G. PULLEN 
Curious visitors wo occasions a mouse (species not cate 
perhaps J/ws ple hy Sanna Nat., Feb. 1890, p. 36. 
THomas cna 


orthumber 
ics ation on a Hare hates & orig) at Capheaton, Newcaatie: 
on- Tyne} Field, Dec. 14th, 1889, p. 
J. Rostnson, Cumberland. 
Rabbit [Lepus cuniculus] swimming across the Irthing [being pursued by 
a weasel, Mustela vulgaris). Nat., Oct. 1891, p. 298. 
March 18 


72 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


W. DENISON ROEBUCK. York 
Mammalia in Upper mpiniale [recording the trapping of Sorex tetra 
gonurus, Arvicola glareola, agrestis, Mus sylvaticus, M. aren and 
at Strands farm, near oe Aug. 1891]. Nat., Oct. 1891, p. 311. 
W. DENISON RoEBUC 
Long-tailed Field Mouse [Afus -Aaetaies near Alford, Lincs. [at Rigsby, 
Feb. 13th, 1886]. Nat., Oct. 1891, 
C. R. RoEpER. Isle of Man. 
~— Folklore a er Lepus timidus). Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 9, 
April-Oct. 1891, p. 290. 
J. H. SALTer and 9 Lantss: 
Manchester ae ae. a Bat out at 4.45, Feb. 1st]. N.H.J., April 
15th, 1890, p. 
J. H. SALTER and na VE. Derbyshire or Cheshire. 
On the Derbyshire ae [of Cheshire, near Macclesfield ; Dormouse 
(2 Sagal rvellanarins) caught almost on the moors]. N. H.J., Sep. 15th, 
p- Io 


WILLIAM SHAN Northumb. S. 
Weasels Cala us. stela vulgaris| attacking a Dog [at Berridge Hag, near 
Mor au circumstantial en Field. July 25th, 1891, pp. 130-131. 
W. E. SH 


and o ee 6 the Abbot of St. Werburg in Chester a Sta pase elaphus 
paar six Bucks (C. ith annually). Brit. Nat., Nov. sia 239. 
F. S1sson Notts. 
Sissons’s ‘‘ Beauties of Sherwood Forest”: a Guide to the ‘‘ Dukeries 


forests]. Second edition, 8vo, 1888, pp. 51, 56, 60, 65, a 
A. B. S[K1PwoRTH], Linc. N, 
Badger [JZeles taxus|in Lincolnshire [one taken at Holbeck Hall near Sebi. 
castle, gue sa 26 lbs, 10 02., a few days ago]. Field, Jan. 5, 1889, p. 27- 
Epwarp H. Sm York N.E. 
egos Voles pevdivcas agrestis] in North-East den [destructive to 
whberries near Northallerton]. Nat., Oct. 1890, p 


ities SOUTHWELL. Linc. 2 
Seals [Poca we cee in the Wash [between Norfolk and Sou 
Lincolnshire the Bip ey Seal Y Wetcherss gryphus) conse baat met Sere' 
Zoo 383. 


PETER Sine 
Fox [Vulpes vulgaris} Curiously Marked [killed in Lord Zetland’s country, 
Yorkshire: quite white head with patches]. Field, May 3rd, 1890, p. 638. 
Cc Bostor Cheshire. 
Taito killing [Water] Rats eager rp dae at Northwich, Cheshire; 
process boomer: 344 Zool., Nov. 1890, p 


M. TAIT. All Yorkshire. . 


[Legendary references to the Boar of Bradford, the 


White Doe of 
Rylstone, “ae Kt leap near scan the Dragon of Wantley, ‘the Felon 


Sow of Rok also to the r of Kirkdale Cave, 
and Victoria a at Settle]. Sashehnas Scenes, Lore 2 and Legends [{ Leeds, 
1888] pp. 9, 25, 31, 38, 41, 49, 53. 


Waturaling, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. - 73 


Isle of Man. 
“Tailless Cats [of the Isle of Man, discussed at some length, with numerous 
extracts from various authors]. Trans. I. of Man N. H. S., vol. i. 1879-84 
(publ. 1888), pp. 96-116. 
E. TANDY. Cumberland. 
Whiskered Bat [Vespertilio mystacinus] in Cumberland [on the _ ; 
once or twice occurred before in the county]. Zool., March 1890, p. 9 
EARL OF TANKERVILLE. Che ind, 
The Chillingham Wild Cattle [a detailed account of experiments in crossing, 
with other notes on the ai illustrated by fine woodcut from a photograph]. 
Field, Aug. 16th, 1890, p. 249. 
TuHos. “PSR ae Durham 
Neueties of Mole [( 7a/pa europea) near Winlaton, gee hes 1ith; pled 
ample ; description given]. Field, Jan. 18th, 1890, p 


Cc, F. Setlist EWILL]. Derbyshire. 
Calendar of Nature, 1884 [at Burton-on-Trent; Lutra lutra aad = 
Burton —— April 23rd]. 9th Ann. Rep. Bur ton- -on- pare WEL, 
Arch. Soc., for 1884, publ. 1885, p. 24. 
O. F; Pioetosket ILL. Derbyshire. 
= wer il Nature, eo [for Burton-on-Trent; Bat ee, ng at 
March]. 11th ara Rep. Burton- on-Trent N. H. and Arch. 
aon tet 7886, publ. eA8y, p 
Wo. elaine Cumberland. 
n Fos sil Bo ones of Mammals obtained during Excavations at Silloth 
Pacoaiee those of Bos ise, a0 Cervus elaphus, and some Cetaceans, 
algae ig tg musculus a Globiocephalus). Proc. Roy. Phys. 


- Edinburgh, vol. 8, part 2, deinccig 1884-85, publ. 1885, pp. 333-338: 
i Linc. N.; York S. es beg grocer 
WILLIAM TuRNER Lanc. S., Cheshire. 
of the Bottle-Nosed or Beaked ath (Bi ly pei trie 


n the 
vostratus) i in = hi Seo ttish Seas, with Observations on its External Charact 
and i i 


Hoyle ar , one in 
1867, near the entrance to river Ouse]. Proc. R. Phys. Soc. Edinbu rgh, 
vol. 9, part 1, session 1885-86, pls 1886, pp. 26-2 

Wo. ay ER. Yo rk S.E., Linc. N. 


Sept. 1885, recorded by Clarke and gintinchy ae Phys 
Edinb., vol. 10, Bie ; 1888- 89 (publ. 1889), pp. 5-6. 
RUDOLPH ner of rete 
Anthropology in the Last Twenty Years [with a n Tailles 
Cats | (reli catus) es the I ae of Man]. Smiths — “oe to July 1889, 
publ. 1890, p. 569, translated from Corr.-Blatt d. deutsch. ve f. Anthrop., 
Ethn. und Urge chichte, Jahrg. 20, no. 9, Sept. 1889, mee . 89-1 
Epcar R. Wa AIT York S.W. 
Mammal Mest ad EY by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Unio fi 
{10th cel 1889; Lepus cuniculus and Mustela vulgaris neohns Nat., 


rn R. > we York Mid W. 

by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ a at Harrogate 

gre pares 1385: “Tal Sciurus, Arvicola amphibia, A. agrestis, Lepus 

sy oh and Z. cuniculus noted on w sen. by Hokstone to Fullwith and 
ng Park]. WNat., Aug. 1889, p 


74 BIBLIOGRAPHY : MAMMALIA, 1889-91. 


Epcar R. Waite York S.W. 
Rages the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Breyon 
Park [14th suds ap 3 Cervus dama, Talpa, Sorex pale Caen rites Arvicol 
amphibia, A. agrestis, and Lepus cuniculus noted]. Nat., July 1890, p. emi 
EpGAR R. WAITE. pd ric S.E. 
[Mammalia observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Low 
knots near oe [26th } yp 1890; Arvicola agrestis and Seen pa se 
ted]. Nat., July 1890, p. 205. 
EpGar R. WAITE. York Mid W. 
Natterer’s Bat [Vesfertilio nattereri) near Thorp wie a picked up 
July 11th, ah a few details given]. Nat., Aug. 1890, 
Epcar R. W pe i Mid W. 
watecues m ‘the Western Ainsty ggiging detailed notices of 26 species of 
mammalia]. Nat., March 1891, pp. 
EpeGar R. WAITE. York Mid W. 
Red Field Voles [Arvicola glareolus] near en ets Toren [attracted 
by and killed with linseed oil]. Nat., May 1891, p 


EpcGar R. WaAITE. York grt Ww. 
Common Field Voles [Arvicola agrestis] at Eccup [where they abound ; 
burrows confined to a cue tract of ‘grass near the margins of a mitt 
reservoir]. Nat., May 1891, p. 144. 
EDGAR Ke at a Mid W. 
[Mam pl d by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Malham 
and rest [11 4 Sep. 1890; Austela ean MM. erminea, L pu cuniculus 
and Arvicola amphibia]. Nat., June 1891, p. 174. 
Epcar R. . vie k N.E. 
[Mamma ed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Hayburn 
Wyke [ ee iy iets, 1891 ; Lepus cuniculus only]. Nat., Sep. 189, I, p. 286. 
EpGAR R. Wal i E. 


eons bake rved by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union on the 
Wol ae Sledmere and York Dale, 3rd Aug., 1891 ; ; Erinacens Arvicola 

Ra iene and esa cuntculus}. Nat., Oct. nai, P- 3 
EpcGar R. WAI York Mid W. 
Noctule (Peper noctula| Flying in See [by the River Wharfe near 
Pool, 13th Sep.; 1891]. Nat., Oct. 1891, p 


JOHN Watson. epee 
Westmor eronries [with an allusion to Gough ing remains 
of Arvicola amphibia in stomach of a fortnight-old Heron at "Dalam Tower, 

an another case of a Heron disgorging the — animal when fired at]. 
Westm. Note Book and Nat. Hist. Record, vol. 1, part 6, June ones 120. 

E. W. Wes ceinitatee 


The Ke ave 1 a Mole[7Za/pa europea)-killer est fea Cievivemire> an 
instance detailed]. Field, Dec. 14th, 1889, p. 
J: this Notts. 
White Hares [Zeus europeus] in Nottinghamshire las Bestwood and 
Rufford ; sites examples in 1888]. Zool., April 1889, p. 143. 
T. De War igs cages 
White rh out [Mustela erminea] in Derbyshire [noted while hunting Feb. 4th, 
1891, br the Axe Vale Hounds at Wiscombe Park]. Field, Feb. 14th, 
1891, 
JAMES ‘lio Lin 
An Albino Hare [(Zepzs bp shot at Grimoldby, near Louth, Oct. >a 
Field, oh 26th, 1889, p 
Naturalist, 


GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. 


JAMES SPENCER, 


Halifax ; Member of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee. 


GEoLocisrs tell us that the Glacial epoch was ushered in bya period 
of gradually increasing cold, which ultimately became so intense 
that the mountainous districts of Norway, Scotland, and the north of 
England became enveloped in a thick mantle of snow and ice. 
Then glaciers began to form on the mountains and upland valleys, 
from whence they radiated in all directions, but as soon as local 
obstacles were surmounted they all took a southward direction down 
the country and finally became confluent, forming one vast sheet of 
ice which covered Scotland and the north of England, and filled up 
the beds of the North and the Irish Seas with a vast thickness of ice. 
The route taken by many of these glaciers can be traced by the 
boulders which they dropped while on their way down the country. 
The glacier which brought down the boulders of granite, syenite, 
trap and volcanic ashes, etc., that now occupy so many miles ot 
the bed of the Calder appears to have originated in the Galloway 
Mountains (south-western corner of Scotland). Starting from the 
neighbourhood of the Solway, with its burden of ‘ Criffel’ granite 
boulders it came down the western coast* bounded on the west by 
the great glacier from the north, which occupied the bed of what is 
now the Irish Sea, and on the east by the land. It then spread over 
Morecambe Bay, where it was joined by a great glacier from the 
western side of the Lake District, bringing with it a vast quantity of 
Lake District rocks, including Eskdale granite, Ennerdale granophyre, 
quartz felsite from St. John’s Vale, Borrodale ashes, and many other 
characteristic rocks from that district. 
€ now greatly augmented glacier still kept to the western coast 
until it reached the neighbourhood of Blackpool and Lytham, where, 
probably meeting with less resistance from the land ice and being 
impelled by the great glacier on the west, it was forced across the 
Plain of North Lancashire, engulfing and overtopping hills of from 


* Criffel ’ granite from west to the east. e thi 
granite has been recognised, both in Lancashire and Calderdale. 


March 1893. 


76 SPENCER: GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. 


1,200 feet to 1,450 feet in height on its route, with the same ease as 
a storm-swollen brook envelopes and overtops the boulders in its bed, 
it finally impinged against the steep flanks of Blackstone Edge and 
the western end of the Walsden Pass. When the glacier reached 
Blackstone Edge it had become greatly reduced in thickness, which 
was at that place estimated by the late Captain Aitken at about 
1,150 feet. So that only a limited portion of the ice-sheet, with its 
burden of far-travelled rocks, was pushed over the Pennine Chain 
and found its way into Calderdale, the great bulk of the glacier being 
turned down the western flanks of the Pennine Chain into the plain 
of South Lancashire. This range of high ground is in the neigh- 
bourhood of Littleborough and Burnley cut through by two deep 
passes—namely, those of Walsden and Cliviger. Now, as the height 
of the Walsden Pass is only 627 feet and that of Cliviger 768 feet 
above sea-level, it must be evident that, unless these passes were 
either non-existent at that time or they were filled up by some 
means or other, the ice-sheet must have been pushed through them, 
down to Todmorden and thence down the valley of the Calder. 
The general opinion of those most familiar with the facts of the case, 
is that the level of these passes has not materially altered since 
pre-Glacial times. Hence, in order to keep back the ice-sheet, they 
must have been filled up by some means or other, otherwise the 
passes would have been strewn with boulders dropped from the 
glacier. Now, one of the most strange and puzzling facts in con- 
nection with the glacial phenomena of our district is that there are 
absolutely none of those foreign boulders to be met with in either 
of these passes. 

Let the diligent student search these passes as long and as 
carefully as he may, not a single erratic of either granite or any 
other far-travelled rock will reward his search. But if he choose to 
ascend the hill on either side of the Walsden Pass, especially that 
on the south, he will walk over a great thickness of them for a long 
distance up the hillside and close to the edge of the pass, and up 
to the height of 1,150 feet or more above the sea-level, and in 
walking over the hill he may meet with some of them here and there 
until he reaches Walsden, which lies on the eastern side of the chain. 
How to account for this strange fact was for a long time a puzzle to 
local geologists. At length my friend, the late Captain Aitken, in 
order to account for the absence of glacial boulders from these 
passes, propounded the theory that these passes had become jammed 
full of local ice from the surrounding hills during the earlier portion 
of the glacial period, so that the great Lancashire ice-sheet when it 
reached the locality, found those passes full of compact ice which 

Naturalist, 


SPENCER: GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. 77 


formed a barrier equal to the rocky chain itself. In the deep 
hollow in which the town of Todmorden now stands and the many 
deep dales around, the local ice would be held in a compact mass, 
and the peculiar configuration of the ground would have a tendency 
to retain and preserve the local ice, nearly if not quite up to the 
general level of the Pennine Chain; so that the main body of the 
Lancashire glacier would be effectively _prevented from passing 
through these passes into Yorkshire. Nevertheless, both Captain 
Aitken and myself were satisfied that our Calderdale boulders of 
granite, etc., had somehow and by some means come over the 
Pennine Chain, and somewhere near the Walsden pass. We had 
assured ourselves of this by a careful examination of our Calderdale 
boulders and by comparing them with those of East Lancashire. 

When I first began to study this most interesting subject, having 
no particular theory of my own to support, I naturally inclined to the 
one which appeared to me to be the most plausible, and which 
seemed to be supported by the greatest weight of evidence and 
authority within our district, and that was the theory, that our 
Calderdale boulders had come from the east. Very early in my 
geological rambles I found a limestone boulder almost entirely full 
of small Rhynchonellz near Widdop’s Cross, at the height of about 
1,200 feet above sea-level, on the southern flank of Boulsworth Hill, 
and a short distance on the Yorkshire side of the boundary line 
between Yorkshire and Lancashire. This boulder and its enclosed 
shells strongly reminded me of a very similar limestone boulder 
which only a short time previously I had met with on the Yorkshire 
Coast at the foot of Castle Hill, Scarborough. The Rhynchonella 
found in the Widdop boulder appeared to me, and also to those persons 
to whom I showed them, to be closely allied, if not identical, with 
Rhynchonella socialis of the oolitic boulder from Scarborough Castle 
Hill. At my request, Captain Aitken took some of the Widdop boulder 
and its inclosed shells and submitted them to some great authority, 
probably Mr. Davidson, who declared the fossils to be a Rhynchonella 
from the Mountain Limestone. This settled the matter, and it was 
evident that this boulder had come over the ridge at Widdop’s Cross 
from Cant’s Clough, where a large number of limestone boulders 
may still be found, and not from the east-as I had imagined. These 
limestone boulders are very rich in Mountain Limestone corals, 
encrinites, producta, spirifera, etc., and they occur in great numbers 
On the north end of the Burnley (Cliviger) Pass, and also all around 
the flanks of Boulsworth Hill and the upland valleys in that 
neighbourhood, where they have in former days been largely used for 
burning into lime. This locality seems to have been occupied in the 
March 1893, 


78 SPENCER: GLACIAL BOULDERS IN CALDERDALE. 


Glacial period by a great glacier from the north, which brought down 
trom Craven and the neighbourhood the limestone boulders now 
found in the district. There appears to be no evidence to show that 
the Lancashire glacier with its boulders of granite, etc., ever reached 
the Cliviger Pass. But there is some evidence to show that a small 
portion of the Craven glacier did come over this Pass, bringing with 
it limestone boulders. 

My friend, the late Mr. A. Stansfield, of Todmorden, informed 
me that, with the exception of a local deposit of limestone boulders 
once met with in an excavation 18 feet deep below the surface at 
Cornholm, no drift deposits had ever been met with in the neigh- 
bourhood of Todmorden. Many years ago, while on an excursion 
on Wadsworth Moor, an old friend of mine, a farmer who lived in 
the locality, called my attention to a local deposit of well-glaciated 
limestone boulders which had been exposed in an old occupation 
road leading on to the land. They were found on the edge of the 
moor at an elevation of about 1,150 feet above the sea-level. 

It would, therefore, appear from these three deposits of limestone 


in comparison with the number of granite and other erratics which 
came over the ridge at Walsden. I subsequently found that the 
Geological Surveyors had also come to the conclusion that our 

alderdale boulders had come over the Pennine Chain somewhere 
in the neighbourhood of Walsden. Some time after seeing the 
opinion of the Geological Surveyors on the subject, I paid a visit to 
my friend, Mr. R. Law, F.G.S., then of Walsden, and we both went 
over that district together, when we traced the granitic boulders here 
and there from Walsden to the other side of the hill, near the 
Walsden Pass. I was satisfied that those erratic boulders we had 
seen had come over the hill, and therefore that we had good grounds 
for believing that our Calderdale boulders of granite, etc., had come 
over by the same way. From Walsden we pass down the valley to 
Hebden Bridge,* and thence to Mytholmroyd, where Mr. Thomas 
Ashworth, a local observer from Hebden Bridge, once discovered 
a considerable number of granite boulders. From this place down- 
wards I have found these far-travelled boulders at Luddendenfoot, 
at Sowerby Bridge, and at North Dean, where they were exposed 
during the excavations made in widening the railway viaduct over 
the Calder, and from whence I obtained a large number of 


ere the late Dr. Alexander has recorded the finding of boulders of granite 
and other foreign rocks during the making of the railway. 
Naturalist, 


NOTES—ORNITHOLOGY. 79 


characteristic boulders. But at Elland they may be seen exposed 
in the banks of the Calder and good specimens obtained, and they 
are frequently met with in sinking wells and in making excavations 
near the Calder from Elland down to Dewsbury and Wakefield 

The following section was exposed in sinking for the foundations 
for the piers of the railway arch across the river Calder at No 
Dean. 


ft. ins, 
Soi 3 ay ae a iu ae si. ra Te son Kd 
a Sas: a ve yids Shue 
Gravel, a ese of loesi hindi toe 2 0 


“ggasi of local rocks with a re percentage my foreign 
ocks, granite, syenite, traps, ¥ 

No Weider reached, the foundutlond e: ‘ihe thes bas taid on this bed. 

The majority of the boulders were well rounded, thus indicating 
that they had been worn by being knocked against each other in the 
river. bre are smooth, and no striz or scratches were visible on 
any of t 

The gen ibe character and order of succession of these Glacial 
deposits in Calderdale, appears to be (1) surface soil, (2) a thick bed 
of sand with clay lower down the river, (3) gravel with boulders of 
local rocks, (4) gravel with local boulders, mixed with a large 
percentage of boulders of granite, syenite, quartzite, basalt, trap, 
volcanic ash, etc., which as a rule seem to repose upon the solid 
rocks at the bottom of the valley. 

Boulders of the following characteristic rocks occur in the valley 
of the Calder 


St. John’s Vale quartz-felsite Micaceous trap, 
Buttermere mi ee eee Volcanic ash, 
eR granl _Amygdaloidal trap, 
Syen Eycott Hill basalt 

rastdale granite, Quartzite, and quartz rock, 
Criffel granite, Felspar-porphyry, etc., 
Basalt, Limestone and Chert. 


Most of these rocks appear to have come from the western side 
of the Lake District, but some have. been derived like the Criffel 
granite from Scotland. 


NOTES—ORNITHOLOG Y. 
Spotted Crake a on.—An immature pe “ the nesses 
Crake (Porzana maruetta), dang ae near Otterington, 1891, and is 


now in my possession.—WM. HEWETT TT, 12, Howard Street, York, feb. 18th, ti 
Bittern near tigre —A fine female specimen of the Bittern (Botauru 

stellaris), was cas Little Driffield on <5 ies ine uary, 1893.—WM. HEwe: rt, 
» Howard creo Gans Feb. 18th, 1 

ane, 


so 


eee eran aE Oe ¥, 


Flamborough Bird-Not nce last sertting (January 12th, 1893) we have 
= a great rush of F ceo Fars Bags: _I do not remember the time when 
I 


en alon 

(Adergus serrator) by one * our fishermen, havin en picked up at sea while 
attending to the fishing lines. -MATTHEW BaILEy, Flamborough, Feb. 1 th Sia 

Great Northe Diver at Wor! agg range 
bird had been noticed in the Solway, in the neighbourhood of ‘Workington and 
the mouth of the Derwent, Nani — bird —— 7 be haun shore, were 
unable to recognise. More attempts e ha onda os capture the 
unknown feathered visitor. Shots had og fired erm sng an it being a difficult 
bird to kill, in consequence of a habit of swimming wit only its head exp 

of the water. 


es the 
pellet through its head. The proved to a fine specimen of the Great 
Northern Diver ( Colpabus glacial a — sphhaaly of the first year, as the 
plumage, though very fine, w ants t ite bands round the upper and lower 


H 
purpurea), which he shot some years ago, when flying overhead in the dusk of 
ning, the semua belonging to one of the local iron furnaces. 
epee A.L.S., Workington, Feb. roth, 1893. 


pei: aE NEWS. 
the June 1892 issue of the ‘Jou f Botany,’ Mr. George Massee has a 
oo on ‘ Some West Indian F mag, "iIluetrated by three coloured plates, 


We have received from Messrs. Swan Sonnenschein & Co., a copy of their 
prevent. epee d nig in which Mr. Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S.E., treats 
of ‘ oO i 


e 

that relating Ka vet at i ies What the author alludes to on page 44, 

where he writes of pati collaris having a red woe init ce or even demon 

yellow we nie pretend to say, but certainly we fail to why Dr. Gadow 

should be saddled with such a statement. Whatever ber se may h been 
ought of by d i b 


e art 8. 
subject arrangement of the book, with its four beautifully coleetek. ee will, we 

ake i popular one, and for reference the list of authors’ names 
is most convenient. 


Naturalist, 


SCORPA:NA DACTYLOPTERA ON THE 
YORKSHIRE COAST: 


AN ADDITION TO THE FAUNA OF THE BRITISH 
NORTH SEA AREA, 


T. H,. NELSON, M.B.O.U., anp WM. EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S., Erc. 


On the 2nd of February last, one of the Redcar fishermen brought 
me a strange-looking fish, which had been found, washed up by the 
tide, on Coatham sands. Not being able to identify it myself, 
Mr. Roebuck forwarded the specimen to Mr. W. Eagle Clarke of 
the Edinburgh Museum.—T.H.N. 

On examination I found the specimen —_ resembled 
Sebastes norwegicus in general appearance, but differed in the 
following important points, namely: (1) In having oa interorbital 
Space concave, not flat; (2) the dorsal spines longer than the 
dorsal rays, instead of shorter; (3) the lower jaw (dentary) was 
not prominent ; (4) the upper posterior angle of the operculum 
reached to the lateral line, and was not spined at its apex. Thinking 
that these peculiarities—though they are certainly very marked— 
might, perhaps, be characteristic of the youth of Sebastes norwegicus, 
I wrote to my friend Mr. Boulenger, of the British Museum, 
describing them, and afterwards sent him the specimen. 

e informed me that the specimen was a young Scorfena 
dactyloptera De la Roche= Sebastes dactylopterus (De la Roche), 
(Giinther, Cat. Acanth. Fishes, IL., p- 99), a species whose range 
is known to extend to the S.W. coast "et Ireland, in deep water, 
where several specimens were taken in 1889, from 250 fathoms 
(Gunther, Ann. and Mag., N. H. (6), iv., 1889, p. 417). This has 
hitherto, I believe, been the only British record. The species is 
described by Dr. Giinther as being common in the Mediterranean, 
and at Madeira, where Lowe found it in 250-400 fathoms; and it 
is not uncommon on the coast of Norway, in depths of from 
100-300 fathom 

The wea was 4°8 inches in length, and of a beautiful 
golden-red colour, with a somewhat mottled appearance, due to 
a slight want of uniformity in the tint. 

In conclusion, it affords me much pleasure to acknowledge 
my indebtedness to Mr. Boulenger.—W.E.C. 

March 1893. ’ 


MELANISM AND MELANOCHROISM. 
Melanism and Melanochroism. By J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. 


_Mr. Tutt has done wisely in bringing together, in book form, the 
series of papers on this subject which has appeared in the pages of 
the ‘Entomologists’ Record.’ They form a very valuable contribution 
to the literature which has during the last few years appeared on 
Melanism in lepidoptera. Mr. Tutt’s theory is, that nearly all 
melanism has its origin in moisture, or, as he terms it, ‘ humidity,’ 
combined with natural selection; and he undoubtedly brings together 
many telling facts in support of thie view. ome of his arguments 
are no doubt open to question, and indeed, as one reads through the 
book, objections to many of the statements constantly occur to one’s 
mind. The fact is that probably no theory will ever be found to 
account for all cases of melanism, but that some or all of the various 
theories combined, in greater or less degree under diverse conditions 
in different localities ; or in other words, that one or more theories 
together may give a satisfactory and correct solution in one part of 
our islands, and other theories equally so elsewhere ; the result in 
all cases, no doubt, being ‘natural selection,’ in the direction of 
‘protection,’ and consequent ‘survival of the fittest.’ Mr. Tutt 
deserves the thanks of all lepidopterists for the clear and exhaustive 
way he has argued the probabilities in favour of his theory, and the 
book ought certainly to be read and studied by every one interested 
in this important, and now fascinating subject. 

CPP: 


NOTES AND NEWS. 
The thick double part (Nos. 199° 200) of the Botanical Series of the Journal of 
the Linnean Society, issued last April, is exclusively devoted to papers by 
wn rkshi ia St, FE and 


ye am s ven li 
which Xenophon is propose a substitution et a name dal given to 
w Fossil Plant described by bith i ina —— Tt pap 


The paper by Mr. West, ta wibiels Sines the part is devoted, and which 
runs to 114 pages, illustrated by seven plates of figures beautifully ae by his 
Wy i 


son, Mr. G. est, forms another of that most indefatigable and energetic 
otanist’s contributions to our knowl lee of the distribution of Freshwater Alge, 
this paper dealing with those of the West of Ireland, collected in July 1890, and 
n Augus ear following. The tota 17 species, 


tot 
6 sub-species, 97 varieties and 37 forms, of which 34, 7, 47 and 28 respectively 
are described for the first time as new to science. 

— or —_—_ 

One of the new species—Cosmarium persnpe named afier Mr. Wes 
Porat companion in these and many other tours, Mr. William Nuttall, of 
Bradford ; and another—Zuastruwm mg apd er another able and well-known 
student of these lowly plants, Mr. W. Barwell Tursier, ot Leeds. 

Naturalist, 


LaSgerab merc zniwer a BIRD-NOTES. 


F, B. WHITLOCK, 
Beeston, Notts. 


WanT of time has prevented me from thanking Mr. G. Bolam for 
the copy of the note relating to the interbreeding of the Kestrel 
and Merlin in 1886, as recorded in the Proceedings of the Berwick- 
shire Naturalists’ Club. A few further words will, I think, finally 
clear the matter up. The original note I see refers the locality 
where the circumstance took place to ‘Barra Crags,’ a spot about 
a mile from the nest I visited. Now, in the previous year, 1885, 
a pair of Merlins (Falco esalon) bred at Barra Crags, and the young 
birds and parents were all captured as detailed in Mr. Thompson’s 
note. Fortunately these birds were preserved, and I have seen them 
in a case at a gamekeeper’s house in Harbottle. The female shows 
hardly. a trace of the slate colour exhibited by an older bird, and 
might be mistaken for a Kestrel by an inexperienced observer. 
Mr. Thompson at the time I knew him was suffering from a weakness 
which no doubt clouded his memory, and he appears to have mixed 
up the circumstances relating to this pair of Merlins with those 
relating to the pair which bred at Linnshiels Loch, of which 
I recently gave the history in the ‘ Naturalist.’ His note, too, men- 
tioning the Dotterel (Eudromias morinellus), no doubt refers to the 
Ringed Plover (4¢gialitis hiaticula). Before I left Harbottle in 
1886, I furnished him with a list of birds I had observed during my 
visit. Amongst others I mentioned the Ringed Plover or minged 
Dotterel, but he appears to have added the word ‘common’ on his 
Own responsibility, as I only met with two pairs. 

I was very pleased to see a very nice increase in the number of 
breeding birds of this species on my recent visit. I think there 
must be quite twelve pairs now. I noticed four nests containing 
eggs. Amongst other birds, I also noticed rather more Redshanks 
(otanus calidris) in the neighbourhood than in 1886. I picked one 
up dead, which a hawk had struck. The skin of the neck was badly 
torn. A keeper remarked to me that, let a new pair of birds, 
moderately conspicuous in plumage or habit, take up their residence 
in a neighbourhood where they were previously unknown, one of 
them was sure to be killed by a hawk. I also picked up a domestic 
pigeon, wounded in the neck in a similar manner. 

Readers of the ‘Naturalist’ will remember an article on ‘The 
Birds of Upper Coquetdale,’ which appeared, I think, in 1885, from 
the aaa, of Mr. John Cordeaux. In some subsequent articles in the 
March 380. 


84 WHITLOCK: NORTHUMBERLAND BIRD-NOTES. 


‘Field,’ he mentions the Dunlin (Z7inga alpina) as a bird likely to 
be found breeding in or near the Cheviots. I am pleased to say 
I met with three pairs and found two unfinished nests, from one of 
which the female ran with uplifted wings. Another bird I was rather 
surprised to meet with was a single specimen of the Oystercatcher 
(Hematopus ostralegus), which rose from a large bank of shingle 
It was doubtless an accidental visitor from the coast. Common 
Sandpipers (Zringotdes hypoleucos) were very numerous and breeding 
early. I noticed that in laying they often took an interval of rest 
before the full clutch was completed. It is, I believe, generally 
— an egg is laid every twenty-four hour: 

mongst the smaller birds the Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus 
sibilatrix), Coal Tit (Parus ater),and Redstart (Ruticilla phenicurus) 
were fairly common. On the other hand, the Pied Wagtail (JZotacilla 
lugubris) and Grey Wagtail (AZ. medanope) were much less numerous 
than in 1886; the latter, I am sorry to say, was quite scarce. The 
Dipper iCianies aguaticus), too, had decreased in numbers, no doubt 
owing to the severity of recent winters. The Pied Flycatcher 
(Muscicapa atricapilla) is still represented by a single pair. It is 
remarkable that they do not increase, as they are rarely molested. 

I saw a single individual of Ray’s Wagtail (MZodacilla ratt) at 
Alwinton, and close at hand I nearly trod on a Corn Crake (Crex 
pratensis). The latter species was very plentiful, and as the grass 
was short I had frequent opportunities of observing their habits. 
On one occasion I witnessed a desperate fight between two rival 
males, the female standing near, calmly looking on. 

I was pleased to see young Ravens (Corvus corax) in a nest, 
nearly able to fly. I have no doubt they would get off a few days _ 
later. Ornithologists will learn with pleasure that a large landowner 
in the neighbourhood has forbidden the destruction of Kestrels, and 
as the district abounds with nesting-sites this species should soon 
become common. 

A keeper related a curious anecdote respecting a pair of Sparrow 
Hawks (Accipiter nisus) which he had found nesting in a wood. He 
first shot at the female, but she escaped with a broken leg and flew 
away, as he thought, to die. In the meantime the male procured 
a fresh mate, but she was soon shot, and he himself shared a similar 
fate the same day. A day or two later the keeper passed the tree 
containing the nest, and to his great surprise off flew the wounded 
female. He was too astonished to shoot, so that, I am glad to say, 
she — escaped, as she did not afterwards return to her eggs. 

on the moors near Harbottle one evening, I came across 
a family of four newly-hatched Golden Plovers (Charadrius stuvialis). 
Naturalist, 


WHITLOCK : BIRD-NOTES FROM NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, 85 


On examining one of them, I noticed it possessed an abnormal 
growth on the tarsus, in the shape of a long hind toe. Though the 
young birds were squatting only a few inches from the nest, I saw 
no traces of any egg shells. 

February 2nd, 1893. 


BIRD-NOTES FROM NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, 1892-3. 


F. B. WHITLOCK, 
sett Notts. 


THE past year (1892) has not been remarkable for any great 
abundance of any species of bird nor for the occurrence of many 
rarities. The most noteworthy visitors, perhaps, were a pair of 
Honey Buzzards (Pernis apivorus), one of which was shot at the end 
of July at Hucknall Torkard. It was a very clean and brightly 
coloured specimen, and had no doubt been blown over from the 
Continent by the strong east winds which prevailed during the latter 
part of the month. Its companion escaped. It will be observed 
that Mr. Cordeaux records a specimen in the Humber district about 
the same time. 

On the 29th October, House Martins (Chelidon urbica) were 
seen lingering in the suburbs of Nottingham. On the 3rd of the 
following month a Spotted Crake (Porzana maruetta) was shot near 
Beeston. They seldom linger much later with us. On the 5th two 
Snow Buntings (Plectrophanes nivalis) were brought to my house. 
They had been shot on the Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire portions 
of the Trent, about Barton Ferry. I saw others a week later. The 
weather at the time was very mild, with light winds. At one of our 
local taxidermists’ shop I saw a beautiful variety of the Woodcock 
(Scolopax rusticola). The primaries and tail were beautifully barred 
che silvery grey. It was an exceptionally fine bird in every respect. 

23rd or 24th December a beautiful immature specimen of the 
Little Gull (Zarus minutus) was shot on the Trent in the borough of 
Nottingham. It is now in my possession. 

During the frost the following ducks were noted on the Trent :—- 
Mallard (Anas boschas), Wigeon (Mareca penelope), Teal (Quergue- 
dula crecca), Scaup (Fuligula marila), Tufted Duck (#: cristata), 
Golden-eye (Cl/angula glaucion), and Pochard (Fuligula ferina). 
On 11th January of the present year a Green Sandpiper (Helodromas 
ochropus) was shot in Nettingham Meadows. On 29th I saw a 
flock of ten Bullfinches (Pyrrhula europea), and a few Bramblings 
(Fringilla montifringilla), an unusual sight here. 

aed 2nd, 1893. 


vie 


March 189. 


86 


NOTES AND NEWS. 

The Council of the ce ig Society has awarded to Mr. J. G. Goodchild, 
F.G.S., the balance for this year of the Wollaston Nenation ph i caisblished 
“to promote researches isonet, the mineral structure of the ea 
poo< 


In various Parts of the Transactions of the Botanical peers of Edinburgh for 
the past few years are some valuable and interesting papers by Mr. Philip Sewell, 
of Whitby. One on ‘The Colouring Matters of Le owers ’ appeared 
in 1888 in Part 2 of Vo ; and in 1889 an elaborate ou botanic 
collection made on the coasts of Lapland and of the Yugor Straits (N. W. Siberia), 
during the vo — h oo r’ in 1888, appeared in Part the s 
volume. The latter paper inc summarised list of all the species known 


from the Islands “Sf Novaya Fentivs and Waigatz, and from the North Coast of 
Western Siberia. 
—— Poot 
One of the ae of Carex collected by ry Mee Sewell at Vardce is described 
by Messrs. C. B. Clarke and Arthur Bennett as new, with the very suitable name 
of Carex Seatne A figure of the Peet rs given as a plate. 


The 19th volume _ Ng Edinburgh Botanical Society’s Transactions, published 


in 1891, contains a of papers by Mr. Philip Sewell of Whitby. The first 

deals with th Use of Sphagnum Moss in th e Open-Air Gardening in the 
iviera,’ more especially as adopted i nbury’s garden at La Mortola 

The seco pee consists of ‘ Observations upon the Germination and Growth of 

Species of Salvia in the Gar f Thomas Hanbury, Esq., , at La Mortola, 
entimiglia, Ttaly," the notes made during a period hs during th 

winter of 1889-90. The last is ed ‘ Observations aL uN g the ae oes wef hos 
Ipes engage and deals with the subject from a climatological po 


Yorkshire ue oles rtunate in being able to claim so preransre and pe an aakiectee 
r SO! 


. Dulau & Co. have lately sy (8a) ‘eettea the ‘ Annals of — Geology, 
i801. “edited by Mr. J. F. Blake, M.A., F.G.S., President of the Geo ologists’ 


Asso Geologists will hail with pleasure this sec ae Y otia it is t 
be t Vm that its author may continue to produce a similar 

years c as the usefulness of such volumes, both he working student, 
amateur or professional, can scarcely be exagger: A hor aie 


y 
several improvements and alterations have been made on the first volume 
further states in his preface aa the quality a the tied 9h which this piiblica ibe 
s yet received is more grati than the quantit the 
con 


has been done i he w 
divided under seven heads, viz.:—General Geology, p 1-533 S tatigraphical 


ralogy, 243-2553 Petoney,. 25 -313; Economics, 314-330; aps an 
with a final i 


s than 40 papers 
aE hy the mh Woe the following authors, amongst others :—Prof. Williamson, 
; Messrs. J. W- F.G.S. (sev veral), J. G. Goodchild, and others (on 
an Pp 


the Gat of Mallerstang Fad di se ee ugh, 

Rev. E. M. Cole, B. Holgate, E. Jones (Elbolton Cave), H. Speight, J. F. Blake 

G ine, W. Cash, J. Spencer, Thos. Tate, A. pf dge, 
hers, nine of the ing papers area in ‘ The Naturalist.’ The work a 

also ill ted by seven plates and ma — ~~ to notice o istak 

che re oes Naturalist ’ appears organ of the bhi Geolog. 

and Pol OCs d of the Yorkshire Haetaw Union. 

pase cr ‘pook ey all students of Geology. 


Naturalist, 


87 


ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH 
NOTTS FOR 1891-92. 


LEONARD BUTTRESS, 
Grove Rectory, Retford. 


Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. In 1892 the last flock was seen 
May 28th, and the first on October 15th. Wind E. 

Daulias luscinia. Nightingale. First heard singing April 
25th, 1892. Wind N.W. 

Phylloscopus sibilatrix. Wood Wren. First seen on Gringley 
Common, on April 15th, 1892. On the 29th, Mr. Cordeaux 
saw several in the forest beyond Hardwick. May 28th, four 
or five in full song in the forest near Clumber. From May 3oth 
to September 27th, Wood Wrens might be seen every day in 
the park plantations (Grove). 

Locustella nevia. Grasshopper Warbler. May 2nd, 1892. 
E. strong. One, singing, near Grove Moor. On July 7th, 
I saw a young Grasshopper Warbler, just able to fly. 

Parus ater. Coal Titmouse. April 19th, 1892. Building, 
in a small hole, in an ash tree in Castle Hill Wood. 

Sitta cesia. Nuthatch. November 27th, 1892. One in Grove 
Park plantation. 

Motacilla alba. White Wagtail. April 16th, 1892. I saw two, 
on the river at Eaton, with several JZ Zugubris. Sept. 24th. 
Mr. Cordeaux this morning saw a pair of immature White 
Wagtails on the roof of an outhouse in his garden at Eaton. 

Lanius excubitor var. major. Great Grey Shrike. A male 
of the variety formerly known as Pallas’s Grey Shrike, Z. mayor, 
was shot by a keeper at Wheatley, on Nov. 27th, 1891. Its 
stomach contained the remains ofa large beetle and shrew mouse. 

Coccothraustes vulgaris. Hawfinch. This species is exceed- 
ingly common in the woods and plantations here throughou 
the year. 

Chrysomitris spinus. Siskin. May 28th, 1892. S. To-day, 
while driving with Mr. Cordeaux in Clumber Park, near the 
Apley Head Gate, we came upon a small flock of Siskins, 
feeding in the tops of some larch trees. 

Acanthis rufescens. Lesser Redpole. January 11th, 1892. 
Snow. One, in a flock of finches at the moat (Grove) ; and 
about this date Mr. Cordeaux saw one at Retford. On May 31st 
the nest of a Lesser Redpole, with four eggs, was taken in the 
grounds of the Grammar School, Retford. 

March 1893. 


88 BUTTRESS: ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH NOTTS. 


Acanthis flavirostris. Twite. March 24th, 1892. One, near 
Retford. 

Plectrophanes nivalis. Snow Bunting. A male was obtained 

r Retford, on February r2th, 1891 

Garrulus glandarius. Jay. A flock of twelve or more in 
Castle Hill Wood, on April 16th, 1892. 

Alauda arborea. Wood-lark. Seen, and heard singing on 
Gringley Common, May 8th, 1892. 

Caprimulgus europzus. Nightjar. A female shot near 
Headon, October 16th, 1891. July 11th, 1892, Mr. Cordeaux 
heard many in the forest, near Osberton. 

Iynx torquilla. Wryneck. May 6th, 1892. N.E. On the 
edge of the forest, near Ollerton. 

Alcedo ispida. Kingfisher. November 2nd, 1892. One, in 
a garden, at Retford. 

Buteo vulgaris. Common Buzzard. One, passing N. at 
Grove on January 6th, 1892. 

Falco peregrinus. Peregrine. In the earlier part of June 1891, 
a female was obtained at Laxton, having struck at a wooden 
decoy pigeon. 

Falco zsalon. Merlin. An adult male was seen by the 
keeper, near Castle Hill Wood, about July 12th, 1891. Another 
male was seen by Mr. Cordeaux at Babworth, about Feb. rst, 1892. 

Querquedula crecca. Teal. Two couple on the river at Eaton. 
April 2nd, 1892. A male, shot at Mattersey, October 27th. 

Fuligula cristata. Tufted Duck. August 24th, 1891. Old 
birds with young, on Clumber Lake. On April 26th, 1892, 
a pair on the river at Eaton. May 6th. N.E. About twenty 
pairs on the lake at Clumber (Nat., 1892, p. 186). May 21st. 
\ A pair, at Eaton. May 28th. S. About twelve pairs, 
just below the lake, on the river at Clumber. June 27th. About 
forty males counted, at one place, on Clumber Lake. 

— serrator. Red-breasted Merganser. Feb. 11th, 

. A female, shot near Retford. i 
ne cenas. Stock Dove. A great many pairs breeding 
in hollow oaks, in Grove Park, as usual. 

Turtur communis. Turtle Dove. About May 25th, 1892, 
Mr. Cordeaux heard one at Eaton. June 17th, a pair in the 
Grove Park plantation. On June 18th, another pair was seen 
at Lady Wood, near Grove. July 7th, Turtle Doves nesting 
in Eaton Wood (Cordeaux). 


Naturalist, 


BUTTRESS : ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH NOTTS. 89 


Porzana bailloni. Baillon’s Crake. On February 13th, 1891, 
the bird-stuffer at Retford showed me a small Crake, which has 
since turned out to be this species. It had been obtained at 
Bolam, near Retford, a few days before, and appears to be the 
first specimen recorded for the county. 

Rallus aquaticus. Water Rail. About May 2rst, 1892, 
Mr. Cordeaux heard the note of a Water Rail in a thicket near 
the river at Eaton. 

Fulica atra. Coot. Pair swimming with young on the river 
below Clumber Lake, on June 27th, 1892. 

Charadrius pluvialis. Golden Plover. Several black-breasted 
specimens shot in the Idle valley during the autumn of 1891. 
April 16th, 1892. Flock of about thirty near Eaton. October 
22nd. Forty or fifty with Lapwings at Eaton, very noisy. 

Phalaropus fulicarius. Grey Phalarope. Oct. 2oth, 18or. 
One, ‘in nearly completed winter plumage,’ shot on the Trent, 
at Holme, near Newark. 

Scolopax rusticula. Woodcock. April 16th, 1892. About 
this date the keepers saw several in the woods and plantations ; 
and some evidently bred. April 22nd, one in Spring Wood, 
Grove. 

Gallinago ceelestis. Common Snipe. On March 16th, 1892, 
Mr. Cordeaux wrote that there were Snipe, in pairs, in the 
meadows, near the river at Eaton. On April 2nd there were 
several in the same place ‘ drumming,’ and also on the 16th. 

Gallinago gallinula. Jack Snipe. 1891. Abundant in a 
drain near Grove throughout January. On the 13th six were 
shot there. October 22nd, 1892, one, on the river near 
Eaton. 

Tringa canutus. Knot. One, in immature plumage, shot at 
Newark-on-Trent, on Jan. zoth, 1891. 

Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. Two or three were seen every 
morning from July 2oth, 1891, until August 19th, at a pool near 
Gringley Wood. On one occasion only was one seen in the 
evening. 

Machetes pugnax. Ruff. On October 14th, 1891, Mr. Cor- 
deaux saw about a dozen—truff and reeve—fiying to and fro, 
over a partly flooded meadow near Eaton. 

Totanus hypoleucus. Common Sandpiper. April 3oth, 1892. 

One, at a stream between Sturton and Bole. July roth. 
One, flying about Clumber Lake. 
Tae 
March 1893. 


go BUTTRESS : ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM NORTH NOTTS. 


Totanus ochropus. Green Sandpiper. On Sept. 26th, 1891, 
an immature female was shot at a pond, near Grove. Oct. 18th, 
1892. N.E. One, near Retford. 

Totanus calidris. Redshank. On March 16th, 1892, 

Mr. Cordeaux wrote that there were three pairs in a meadow by 
the river at Eaton, very noisy ; and on April 2nd we counted 
about twelve pairs in the same place. By May atst, it was 
evident by the flight and call-notes of the birds, that there were 
young about. June 21st. I heard some calling this evening 
by the river 

Totanus canescens. Greenshank. On the evening of June 
goth, 1891, one rose from a pond near Gringley Wood, and 
flew down to the moat at Grove. 

Numenius arquata. Curlew. August 21st, 1891. Five 
flying over at Grove. September 3rd. Six more passing over 
S.W. August 1st, 1892. At 5 a.m. a flock of fourteen passed 
over at Grove. About September 8th, Mr. Cordeaux saw ten 
passing at Eaton, and on September gth five passed S. at 


arove. 

Hydrochelidon nigra. Black Tern. August 27th, 1891. 
Two settled at a pond here this afternoon. 

Larus marinus. Great Black-backed Gull. September 
roth, 1891, sixteen passing here, seven in immature plumage. 
January 24th, 1892, fourteen passed over near Grove Moor, 
amongst them several immature birds. 

Rissa tridactyla. Kittiwake. July 12th, 1891, one flying 
over near Gringley Wood. December 24th, one on the river 


at Eaton. 
Mergulus alle. Little Auk. One was shot on the Forest, 
a few miles from Retford, on January 12th, 1891 (Zoologist, 


1891, p. 194). 

Podiceps cristatus. Great Crested Grebe. On September 
3rd, 1892, an immature specimen, with striped cheeks and 
neck, was obtained near Babworth 

Puffinus anglorum. Manx Shearwater. In the first week 
in September, 1891, one was caught alive by a collie dog, 
at Treswell (Zool., 1891, p. 428). On September roth, 1892, 
another was caught alive, at Belmoor, near Sutton, and brought 
in a basket to Retford, where it was killed and preserved. It 
seemed very lively, biting when a hand was brought near it. 

Procellaria pelagica. Storm-petrel. November icth, 1892. 
About this date one was obtained near Worksop, where it was 
preserved. ae 

Naturalist, 


gi 
THE PLANTS OF 
LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD, LANCASHIRE. 


LISTER PETTY, 


Ulverston. 


THE part of Lancashire in which the accompanying list was made 
is the triangular portion which runs up between Westmorland and 
Yorkshire ; between Kirkby Lonsdale and Ingleton, and whose base 
is the Lune. The boundaries are, of course, those of the above 
counties until Greta Bridge is reached, when my line follows the 
river. Within this area, with elevations of 150 ft. to 2,000 ft., 
almost every variety of situation—that is, taking into consideration 
the surface geology—may be found, the highest points being the 
County Stone on Leck Fell, 2,000 ft. and Gragreth Fell, 


station), to Burrow Mill. Anyone seeing it from the bridge at 
Burrow would have an idea that the local proverb, ‘As rough as 
Leck Beck,’ was an attempt by our forefathers to malign the stream. 
It is true, nevertheless. Thousands of tons of stones have been 
carried down by the (at Burrow Bridge) quiet-looking stream. 
Large quantities have been used for building purposes, Leck 
Church, Vicarage, Schools, and many houses. Immense quantities 
still remain, intermixed with uprooted trees and shrubs at the sides 
of the Beck, and occasionally form long islands. From whence do 
all these stones come? Follow the Beck from Long Gill to Leck, 
and the reserve supply will be seen; besides this will be seen, on 
the fell « pot-holes’ from small to deep, fantastic devices on the 
limestone, and a perfectly dry, stony gill. Across the centre portion 
of the district runs the old Roman road (roth Iter of Antoninus), 
scarcely visible in many places shown on the ordnance map of 1850, 
but unmistakable in others. As usual, the line is perfectly straight, 
though now represented by a shady lane which is not.* Thr: 
lane is called in my list the ‘ Roman road,’ which, so far as I am at 
present concerned, commences near Collin-Holme, and runs out at 
Wandle Barn, on the Westmorland boundary. The railway station 
of Kirkby Lonsdale is in Lancashire, not more than a mile and 


* The best account I know of the Roman road is in Trans. Hist. Soc. Lancs. 
and Ches., vol. i., 1849, pp. 68-76, by J. Just, who mentions the variation of the 
Present lane from the line of the original road. 


Q2 PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 


a half from the town and half a mile from the county boundary. 
Only about half of the district above sketched has been worked 
over. ‘Treading in the footsteps of no predecessor;who has printed 
his list, the aim has been to make as few mistakes as possible. 
My thanks are due to Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill for confirmations in 
naming and many suggestions ; and to Miss Maudsley for specimens. 
Anemone nemorosa L. Below High Bank, Leck. On 
Roman road. 
Ranunculus hederaceus L. Side of stream near High Bank. 
Stream on low slope of Leck Fell; and other localities. 
Ranunculus Flammula L. Side of Leck Beck. Side of 


stream on Roman road. 
wanencnine acris L. Road-sides. Roman road. _ Fields 
about Leck. 


— repens L. Banks of Leck Beck and road-sides. 
Ranunculus Ficaria L. Road-sides; Leck, Cowan Bridge, 
Overtown. 


Caltha palustris L. Sides of Leck Beck. Side of stream on 
d 


Nasturtium officinale R.Br. Side of Leck Beck. Cant 
Beck ; and in many of the streams in the district. 

Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. Road-side, near High Lodge, Leck. 

Arabis sagittata DC. Ease Gill. 

Cardamine pratensis L. Banks of Leck Beck. Fields about 
the Green. 

Cardamine hirsuta L. Road-sides and _ wall-tops, Leck. 
Roman road. 

Erophila vulgaris DC. Amongst stones on Leck Fell (1,200 ft.). 

Cochlearia alpina Wats. Side of Leck Beck above Cowan 
Bridge. 


Sisymbrium officinale Scop. Road-side near Burrow. 

Sisymbrium Alliaria Scop. Road-side near Leck Villa. 

Brassica Sinapis Visiani. Road-sides and fields, Leck, Cowan 
Bridge, Overtown, Burrow. 

Capsella Bursa-pastoris Mcen. Road- and field-sides about 
Leck. 


Viola canina L. Hedge-banks near Hipping Hall. 

Viola sylvatica Fr. Banks of Leck Beck, in the copses. 

Viola tricolor L. Road-side, Overtown to Burrow. Near 
Yenholmes Hall. 


Naturalist, 


. 


PETTY: THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 93 


Polygala vulgaris L. Hedge-bank near High Bank; below 
Anneside (low slope of Leck Fell). 

Polygala serpyllacea Weihe, defressa Wend. High up on Leck 
Fell, beyond the highest farm. 

Lychnis alba Mill. Specimen forwarded to me by Miss Maudsley, 
of Cowan Bridge—near the Green. 

Lychnis diurna Sib. Banks of Leck Beck. Roman road and 
field-sides. 

Lychnis Flos-cuculi L. Sides of Leck Beck and other streams. 
Roman road. On the fell, near Anneside. 

Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Side of Leck Beck, amongst 
the undergrowth. 

Cerastium trivale Link. Side of Leck Beck. 

Stellaria media Cyr. On Roman road and other road-sides. 

Stellaria graminea L. Road-side near Leck. 

Stellaria uliginosa Murr. Side of a stream on Leck Fell, 
900 feet, and other boggy stream-sides. 

Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge. 

Sagina procumbens L.  Road-sides and field-roads about 
Cowan Bridge and Leck. 

Spergula arvensis L. Road-side near Kirkby Lonsdale 
Station. 

Montia fontana L. Stream-sides on Leck Fell and Graygarth 
Fell. 


Hypericum perforatum L. Banks of Leck Beck and road- 
sides. 


Hypericum quadrangulum L. Side of Leck Beck near 
Leck Mill. Road-side ditch top, Cowan Bridge to Kirkby 
Lonsdale Station. 

Hypericum humifusum L. Hedge-bank near Hipping Hall, 
and similar localities. 

Hypericum pulchrum L. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Leck. 

Malva moschata L. Side of Leck Beck. 

Linum usitatissimum LI. One plant on road-side between Low 
Lodge and Hipping Hall. 

Geranium phzeum L. Road-side near Burrow, pointed out to 
me by Miss Maudsley. 

Geranium pratense L. Road-sides, fields, and on railway 
embankments from Hipping Hall to Yorkshire boundary. 

Geranium molle L. Road-sides near Leck, and other road-sides, 
but not (to me) so obtrusive as in N. Lancashire. 

March 1893. 


94 PETTY: THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 


Geranium dissectum L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge. 
Road-side, near Kirkby Lonsdale Station. 

Geranium lucidum L. On the ‘skew’ bridge over the 
railway near Cowan Bridge. Walls about Hipping Hall. 

Geranium Robertianum L. Walls and road-sides, Leck ; 
Cowan Bridge ; Overtown; Burrow. 

Oxalis Acetosella L. Hedge-bottoms near High Bank. Banks 

f Leck Beck. On Roman road. 

Ilex Aquifolium I. Sides of Leck Beck. Road-side hedges and 
in copses and woods, about Leck and Cowan Bridge. Hedge, 
Roman road. 

Acer Pseudo-plantanus L. Cowan Bridge. Leck. Probably 
planted all through the district when occurring as trees. Many 
‘bushes’ on banks of Leck Beck and hedges; possibly seedlings. 

Ulex europzus L. Banks of Leck Beck. Roman road. On 
road-sides towards the Fell. 

Cytisus scoparius Link. Sides of Leck Beck. 

Ononis repens L. Railway embankment, between Cowan Bridge: 
and Yorkshire boundary. 

Trifolium pratense L. On Roman road, and road-sides and fields 
generally. 

Trifolium repens L. Roman road. 

Trifolium procumbens L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge ; 
and road-sides generally. 

Trifolium dubium Sibth. Banks of Leck Beck and road-sides 
and hedge-banks. No 7: filiforme L. so far as I have seen. 
Lotus corniculatus L. Banks of Leck Beck, etc. Common 

enoug 

Lotus uliginosus Schk. (Z. pi/osus Beeke). Sides of Leck Beck. 

Vicia Cracca L. Field-hedges near Leck. Roman road. 

Vicia sepium L. Near Leck, in hedge. 

Vicia sativa L. Hedge-bottom near Cowan Bridge. A few plants. 

Lathyrus pratensis L. Side of Leck Beck. Roman road. 

Prunus communis Huds. Side of Leck Beck. Roman road, 
hedges, and elsewhere. 

Prunus Avium L. Banks of Leck Beck, and trees in the woods. 

Prunus Padus L. In hedge, Yenholmes Hall to County Stone 

towards Burton-in-Lonsdale), with P. communis ; and in hedges 
scattered through the district. 

Spireza Ulmaria |. Side of Leck Beck. Hedge-bottoms, Roman 
road. 


Naturalist, 


PETTY: THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 95 


Rubus Idzus L. Wood near Park House. Side of Leck Beck, 
Roman road, etc. 

Rubus Chamzmorus L. Leck Fell, 1,800 feet. Recorded by 
Johnson in the appendix to his edition of Gerarde’s Herball, 1633, 
p- 1630, as ‘on Graygreth, a high fell on the edge of Lancashire ;’ 
possibly my locality. (Not found, so far as I know, in North 
Lancashire.) 

Geum urbanum L. Sides:of Leck Beck. Roman road and 
generally. 

Geum intermedium Ehrh. Seen once only, hedge-side between 

hoop Hall and Kirkby Lonsdale Station. 

Geum rivale L. Sides of Leck Beck. Roman road. 

Fragaria vesca L. Banks of Leck Beck. Roman road and 
other hedge-banks. 

Potentilla Fragariastrum Ehrh. Hedge-banks near Hipping 
Hall. Near Overtown. 

Potentilla Tormentilla Neck. Roman road and other road-sides. 

Potentilla reptans L. Hedge-banks near Ireby, etc. 

Potentilla Anserina L. Roman road and road-sides generally. 

Alchemilla vulgaris L. Road-sides and fields about Cowan 
Bridge and Leck. 

Poterium Sanguisorba L. Banks of Leck Beck and in the 
pastures. 

Rosa arvensis Huds. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Park House. 
Side of Leck Beck. 

Pyrus Aucuparia Gaert. Roman road and in hedges and woods. 

Crategus oxyacanthoides Thuil. Hedge between railway 
bridge and Yenholmes Hall. 

Crategus monogyna Jacq. Roman road. Side of Leck Beck, 
etc. Seems to be the usual hedge form. 

Saxifraga tridactylites L. Walls at Leck. Walls at Hipping Hall. 

Saxifraga hypnoides L. Ease Gill. 

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. Stream-side near ‘High 
Bank and in many of the damp hedge-banks and stream-sides. 

Ribes Grossularia L. Side of Leck Beck. Hedges near 
Hipping Hall. Ireby. 

ibes rubrum L. Side of Leck Beck. Hedge, Cowan Bridge 

to Kirkby Lonsdale Station, in fruit. . 

Sedum telephium L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge. 
Road-side near Ireby. 

March 1893. 


96 PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 


Sedum album L. Walls about Leck, no doubt introduced. 

Sedum acre L. Walls at Leck and Ireby. 

Sempervivum tectorum L. On roof of an out-house at Collin- 
Holme. 


Callitriche (stagnalis Scop.?) Stream near Hipping Hall. 
Epilobium hirsutum L. Road-side ditch on Roman road. 
Epilobium montanum L. Road-side near Leck. 

Circza lutetiana L. Copse, side of Leck Beck. Road-sides, 


frequent. 

Sanicula europza L. Amongst the undergrowth, side of Leck 
Beck. Under the trees near Anneside on Leck Fell. Ease 
Gill. 


Apium nodiflorum Reichb. Stream, side of Roman road. 
C&gopodium Podagraria L. Side of Leck Beck above Cowan 
Bridge. 


Conopodium denudatum Koch. Banks of Leck Beck, and 
road-sides and fields 

Myrrhis Odorata Scop. Road-side near Leck Church. Side of 
Leck Beck, near Leck. Overtown. Road-side at Ireby, 
plentiful. 

Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. Side of Leck Beck. 

Heracleum Sphondylium L. Sides of Leck Beck and in the 
fields. 

Daucus Carota L. Side of Roman road. 

Hedera Helix L. On Roman road, and on trees, hedges, and 

walls. 


Sambucus nigra L. In hedge, Roman road. Sides of Leck 
Beck and in hedges throughout the district. 
Viburnum Opulus L. Hedges on Roman road. Sides of Leck 
Hedge, road-side to Kirkby Lonsdale Station, etc. 
Lonicera Periclymenum L. Hedges, Roman road and about 
Leck. Hedge near High Bank, the highest point I have seen 
it here, circ. 650 feet. 
Galium Cruciata Scop. Roman road. 
Galium verum L. Hedge-bank near Todgilber. Side of Leck 
Beck near Leck Mill. 
Galium Mollugo L. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Kirkby Lonsdale 
Station. Road-side past Yenholmes Hall. 
Galium saxatile L. Hedge-banks near Cowan Bridge, and 
generally from Roman road up to the Fells. 
Naturalist, 


PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. Q7 


Galium palustre L. Side of stream on Roman road and side of 
Leck Beck. 

Galium Aparine L. Near Cowan Bridge. On Roman road and 
generally. 

Asperula odorata L. Park Wood. 

Sherardia arvensis L. Amongst stones, banks of Leck Beck 
above Cowan Bridge. 

Valeriana officinalis L. Roman road. 

Scabiosa arvensis |. Sides of Leck Beck; and meadows. 
hedge-banks and road-sides. 

Bellis perennis L. Common everywhere, to high on the fells. 

Achillea pariealguie L. On Roman road and road-sides and 

fields, commo 

Se skntharaiisy. Leucanthemum L. Roman road and 
generally in fields and road-sides. 

Tanacetum vulgare L. Very abundant about the beck at high 
end of Ire 

Tussilago Farfara L. In the copse, side of Leck Beck ; and 
road-sides, common. 

Senecio vulgaris 1. Roman road, common. 

Senecio sylvaticus L. Side of Leck Beck and amongst the 
undergrowth. 

Senecio Jacobza I. Roman road and other road-sides and 
fields 


Senecio aquaticus Huds. Side of Leck Beck. 

Arctium minus Schk. On broad grassy verge of Leck Beck 
above Cowan Bridge, and on road-sides. 

Cnicus lanceolatus Hoffm. Roman road and marginal sward of 
Leck Beck 

Cnicus arvenis Hoffm. Banks of Leck Beck.  Road-side, 
Cowan Bridge to Jogging Bridge. 

Centaurea nigra L. Roman road, etc., common. 

apsana communis L. Romanroad. Road-side near Ireby. 

Crepis virens L. On walls and hedge-banks about Cowan 
Bridge and Leck. 

Hieracium Pilosella I. Road-sides and hedge-banks about 
Cowan Bridge and Leck. 

Hieracium boreale Fr. Road-side between Overtown and 


urrow, 
Hypocheris radicata |. Hedge-banks and walls about Cowan 
_ Bridge and Burrow. 


April 289 4893. G 


98 PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 


Leontodon hispidus L. Road-sides about Cowan Bridge and 

Leontodon autumnalis L. Bank of Leck Beck. 

Taraxacum officinale Web. Road-sides and fields, common. 

Sonchus oleraceus L. Hedge-bank near Hipping Hall. 

prereset latifolia L. Roman road. Road-side near Over- 

Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Westmorland boundary. 

Co nue mn pee L. Side of Leck Beck; near 
Yenholmes 

Vaccinium ne L. With Rubus Chamemorus on Leck 
Fell. 

Vaccinium Myrtillus L. Leck Fell and many hedge-banks. 

Calluna Erica DC. Leck Fell. Graygreth Fell, 

Erica Tetralix L. Leck Fell. 

Erica cinerea L. Leck Fell. 

Primula vulgaris. Banks of Leck Beck; Roman road; near 
Burrow. 

Lysimachia nemorum L. About sides of Leck Beck. 

Fraxinus excelsior L. Banks of Leck Beck. In hedges and 
many isolated trees. 

eles palustris With. Side of a back-water of Leck Beck, 

urrow. 


iyosces arvensis Hoffm. Road-side near Ireby. Grass-road 
at Low Gale. 

Myosotis versicolor Reichb. Side of Leck Beck and other 
stream-sides. 

Calystegia Sepium R.Br. Hedge near Overtown 

Solanum Dulcamara L. Side of Leck Beck. 

-Verbascum Thapsus L. Fell Lane, near Leck (Miss Maudsley). 

Linaria Cymbalaria Mill. Walls at Ireby. 

Linaria viscida Moench. On railway line, from Cowan Bridge 
to Yorkshire boundary. Plentiful in the six-foot. 

Scrophularia nodosa L. On Roman road. Road-side near 
Hipping Hall. Road-side between Todgilber and Ireby. 

Mimulus luteus L. Margin of a back-water of Leck Beck, 
near Burrow. 

Digitalis purpurea |. Roman road and other road- and field- 
sides. 


Veronica arvensis L  Field-roads and wall-tops, Leck and 
Cowan Bridge. 


lid darn ere 
Naturalist, 


PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 99 


“iuepeiew serpyllifolia L. Roadsides. Cowan Bridge to Kirkby 
ale Station. 1,800 feet on Leck Fell. 
| ae Officinalis L. Bank of Leck Beck, below Cowan 
Brid 


ge. 

Veronica Chameedrys L. Romanroad. Banks of Leck Beck 
and road-sides. 

Veronica Anagallis L. In the stream near the Green. In the 
stream that divides the counties (Lancs. and Yorks.) near 
Stainderber Barn. In stream between Hipping Hall and the 
Bar (it has no name that I could find). 

Veronica Beccabunga L. Side of stream, Roman road. Side 
of Leck Beck. 1,600 feet on Leck Fell. 

Euphrasia officinalis L. Banks of Leck Beck. Leck Fell 
(not gracilis Fr.) and road-sides. 

Bartsia Odontites Huds. Road-side near Kirkby Lonsdale 
Station. 

Pedicularis palustris L. On Leck Fell, near Anneside. 

Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Roman road. Fine specimens in 
some of the hay grass—too fine to please the farmer. 

Pinguicula vulgaris L. Various localities on Leck Fell. 

Mentha hirsuta L. Sides of Leck Beck. Grassy bank of 
Ireby Beck. 

aus Serpyllum Fr. Banks of Leck Beck and upon the 


Nepeta beac tae Benth. Banks of Leck Beck and hedge- 
ban 


eaaies, vulgaris 1. Roman road and fields and road-sides. 

Stachys Betonica Benth. Roman road and other road-sides. 

Stachys sylvatica 1. Copses about Cowan Bridge and Leck, as 
often outside as in them 

Galeopsis Tetrahit L. Road-side, Overtown to Burrow. 

Lamium purpureum L. Roman road. 

Teucrium Scorodonia L. Sides of Leck Beck and in almost 
every lane. ‘ 

Ajuga _— L. Near High Bank. Sides of Leck Beck. 
Roman ro 
Plantago fee L. Road-sides and fields, Leck, Cowan Bridge, 

Overtown, Burrow, Ireby. 
Plantago media L. Roman road. Cowan Bridge. 
lantago lanceolata L. Road-sides, Cowan Bridge and 
generally. 
Ppril 1893. 


Ioo PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 


Chenopodium album L. Road-sides and rubbish-heaps about 
Leck. 

Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus L. Fell Side; High Bank; 
Low House ; Leck; all outside houses. Road-side, Jogging 
Bridge to Yenholmes Hall. 

Polygonum aviculare L. Road-side, Cowan Bridge. 

Polygonum Persicaria 1. Road-sides, Leck, Cowan Bridge, 
Yenholmes Hall. 

ins <r Bistorta L. Side of lane near Leck Villa. Bank 

eck Beck above Cowan Bridge. Burrow. 

Se Acetosa L. Roman road and other road-sides. 

Rumex Acetosella L. Roman road, etc. 

Euphorbia Helioscopia L. Oat-field near Yenholmes Hall. 

Mercurialis perennis L. Cowan Bridge. Leck. Burrow. 

Ulmus campestris Sm. Sides of Leck Beck. Some fine trees 
at Leck and in Burrow Park. 

Humulus Lupulus L. On a wall at Cowan Bridge (not planted). 
Ona wall at Overtown end of Roman road. 

Urtica dioica I. From Roman road upwards. 

Alnus glutinosa L. Sides of Leck Beck. Roman road and in 

es 


cons Avellana L. Hedges. Leck, Cowan Bridge, Roman 
oad. 


Onicteial Robur L. ‘Trees in fields and hedges and woods. 

eck, Cowan Bridge, Roman road, Burrow Park, ete. 

— sylvatica L. Hedges, Roman road. Fine trees in 

Burrow Park. Single trees occasionally. 

Salix fragilis L. As bushes, side of Leck Beck. 

Salix Smithiana Willd. Side of Leck Beck. 

Salix Caprza |. Roman road and in hedges about Leck. 

Populus nigra |. Amongst the ‘bushes,’ banks of Leck Beck, 
below Cowan Bridge. Planted ? 

’ Listera ovata R.Br. In plantation near the skew bridge, near 
Cowan Bridge. Railway Embankment between Cowan Bridge 
and the Green. 

eras mascula |. Road-side, Roman road and in the fields, 

requent. 


Iris a L. Stream-side, Roman road. 
thus nivalis |. In some of the old orchards (Miss 
Maudsley). 


RASSARag RESALE URS 
Naturalist, 


PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. Io! 


Tamus communis L. In hedges, Roman road. 

Allium ursinum L. Banks of Leck Beck, etc. 

Scilla nutans Sm. Under the trees, bank of Leck Beck. 

Juncus bufonius L. Leck Fell. Pasture at Low Gale. 

Juncus squarrosus L. Abundant on Leck Fell. 

Juncus effusus L. Roman road. Side of Leck Beck. 

Juncus conglomeratus L. Roman road. Side of Leck Beck. 
Near Anneside on Leck Fell. 

Luzula campestris DC. Leck Fell. Fields about Cowan 
Bridge and Leck. 

Luzula multifida Lej. Leck Fell. 

Arum maculatum L. Amongst the undergrowth, side of Leck 
Beck. Hedge-side near Hipping Hall. 

Lemna minor L. Road-side stream between Whoop Hall and 
Westmorland boundary. 

Eleocharis palustris R.Br. Leck Fell. 

Eriophorum vaginatum L. 1,700 feet on Leck Fell. 

Carex remota L. Sides of Leck Beck. 

Carex glauca Murr. Side of Leck Fell near Low Gale. goo feet 
on Leck Fell. 

Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Road-sides and fields near Leck. 

Alopecurus geniculatus L. Road-side near Leck. 

Alopecurus pratensis L. Road-side, Leck to Cowan Bridge, 
and in the fields. 

Phleum pratense L. Fields about Cowan Bridge and Leck. 

Agrostis vulgaris With. Fields about Cowan Bridge and Leck. 
Wall-top near Jogging Bridge. 

Deschampsia cespitosa Beauv. Roman road. 

Holcus lantanus L. Roman road and wall-tops about Leck. 

Trisetum flavescens Beauv. Banks of Leck Beck below 

: Cowan Bridge. 

Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv. Road-side near Fell 
Side. Road-side, Cowan Bridge to Kirkby Lonsdale Station. 

Cynosurus cristatus L. Common everywhere from Roman 
road to top of Leck Fell. 

Melica uniflora Retz. In wood on road to Park House. 

Dactylis glomerata L. Everywhere common—fields and road- 
sides. 

Briza media L. Banks of Leck Beck. Leck Fell. 

April 1893. ; 


102 PETTY : THE PLANTS OF LECK AND NEIGHBOURHOOD. 


Poa pratensis |. Road-sidesand fields, Leck and Cowan Bridge. 

Poa trivialis |. Fields. Leck, Cowan Bridge, etc. 

Festuca elatior L. In fields near Collon Holme. On Leck 
Fell (near Fell Side), 1,000 feet. 

Festuca pratensis ? Side of Leck Beck. 

Bromus sterilis L. Side of wood near Park House. 

Bromus mollis L. Road-sides and fields. Ieck and Cowan 
Bridge. 


Lolium perenne L. Side of Leck Beck. Common everywhere 
in the fields and road-sides. 

Lolium italicum Braun. A few plants on Roman road. 

Agropyron caninum Beauv. Amongst the ‘bushes,’ side of 
Leck Beck above Cowan Bridge. 

Nardus stricta L. Leck Fell. 

Pteris aquilina L. From Roman road to Leck Fell. 

Lomaria Spicant Desv. Leck Fell. Ease Gill. 

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum L. Wall at Hipping Hall 
and on the bridge. 

Asplenium viride Huds. Ease Gill. 

Asplenium Trichomanes L. Walls at Hipping Hall. Ease Gill. 

Asplenium Ruta-muraria L. Walls at Leck. Overtown. 
Burrow. Ease Gill. . 

Athyrium Filix-femina Roth. Roman road and side of 
Lec ck. 

Athyrium Filix-foemina var. Rheticum. Roman road. 

Scolopendrium vulgare Sym. Ease Gill. 

Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. On bridge at Hipping Hall. On 

bridge over Eller-beck. Ease Gill. 

Lastrza Oreopteris Presl. Leck Fell. Ease Gill. 

Lastrwa Filix-mas Presl. Roman road. Sides of Leck Beck, 
and hedges about Leck. 

Lastrza dilatata Presl. Road-side near Burrow. 

Polypodium vulgare L. Roman road. Side of Leck Beck, etc. 

Phegopteris Robertiana A.Br. Ease Gill. 

Phegopteris polypodiodes Fée. Under the trees near Anneside 

Equisetum arvense L. Roman road and other damp places. 

Chara fragilis Desv. Ina small back-water of Leck Beck below 
Cowan Bridge. 


bauer ner 
Naturalist, 


103 


BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT 
IN THE WINTER OF 1892-1893. 


(Continued from page 14.) 


JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., 
Eaton Hall, Retyord. 


Anser segetum. Bean Goose. One was shot on Dec. 3rd 
by Stubbs, the wild-fowler, at North Cotes, from a party of four. 
This, which was a very fine example, was sent by Mr. Caton 
Haigh to Professor Newton. 

Scolopax rusticula. Woodcock. January 4th, 1893, a very 
considerable arrival on night of 3rd, or early morning of 4th, 
with a N.E. wind. This flight on the English coast extended, 
as far as my information goes, from Flamborough Head to the 
mouth of the Thames. Great numbers also occurred along the 
East coast of Scotland on the same date, January 3rd and 4th, 
Wind N.N.E. These Scotch birds may not have been all 
immigrants but also emigrants, representing a local movement 
from the interior to the coast, brought about by the arctic 
weather at the commencement of the year 

This arrival of Woodcock in January is interesting, as so far 
this has been an exceptionally poor woodcock season for the 
sportsman in Great Britain. The first flight has already been 

- recorded in ‘ The Naturalist,’ 1893, p. 10, on October 14th and 
15th, but no second, or November flight, was observed on the 
east coast. The January flight of cock, therefore, may be either 
the delayed ‘second flight’— unless this has passed over 
unobserved—or may have consisted of frozen-out birds from 
the Continent, which, but for an exceptionally severe season 
abroad, would not have visited us. 

In the winter of 1890-91 we had three distinct flights of 
Woodcock, namely in October, November, as is the rule, and 
a third flight on January 12th. It is singular that no Woodcock 
whatever have been observed at Heligoland this winter. 

Ampelis garrulus. Waxwing. Early in January, and subsequent 
to the flight of Woodcock, a sprinkling of Waxwings arrived, and 
they have now been recorded in all the eastern counties, from 
Northumberland to Kent, and also in Cambridgeshire. I have 
heard of at least ten Lincolnshire examples; one which I saw in 
Mr. Jeffrey’s shop at Grimsby was an adult full-plumaged male ; 
another was found dead by a boy, on the road-side, in the parish 
of North Thoresby, late in February. 

April 1893. 


104 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 


Somateria mollissima. Common Eider. A magnificent adult 
male, in full plumage, now in Mr. Hewetson’s collection, was 
picked up dead on the beach near Spurn, on January 16th, by 
the postman. It had evidently been shot at sea and wounded 
in the head. 

Mergus merganser. Goosander. A remarkably fine old 
male, also in most perfect plumage, and excessively fat, was 
shot near Hornsea on January 14th; it was set up by Mr. Loten, 
of Easington. 

— linaria. Mealy Redpole. A few were seen by 

r. Hewetson on Kilnsea Warren, on February 5th. One had 
been brought to Mr. Loten in the preceding week. One in my 
possession was shot at Out-Newton on January 16th. On 

ebruary 25th, Mr. Hewetson and myself observed a most 
beautiful Redpole, as regards size and colour, on Kilnsea Warren. 
It was feeding on the margin of a rain-pool along with some 
very white Snow Bunting, but remained after these had flown. 
At first sight I thought it was a wounded Snow Bunting, but on 
approaching within fifteen feet saw it was a Redpole. The general 
colour was pure white, the darker portion being a few cinereous 
streaks on the back and head, the wings and tail somewhat 
darker, but all these dark markings very light and subdued, the 
underparts and rump pure white, but suffused with a delicate 
flush of rose—like an after-glow—a blood-red patch on forehead. 
I watched it for some time with the eye, and also through the 
glass, and have rarely seen anything prettier amongst birds, 
more particularly when the charming little fellow was clinging 
to the sides of a dead thistle. The chief peculiarities were its 
size and its exceeding whiteness, and the lovely pink suffusion 
on rump and breast. It probably represented a wanderer from 
a very high latitude, and may be referred to Acanthis hornemannt 
of Holbdll, the ZLinarta canescens of Gould. My readers wil 

find an excellent illustration of this in Plate 5, Hancock’s 
‘Birds of Northumberland.’ 

Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. February 4th, a very considerable 
immigration about Kilnsea and Easington, scattered all over the 
country and swarming in every grass field. Mr. M. Bailey, in 
this journal, has already noticed the great arrival at Flamborough. 
I saw numbers of fine old full-plumaged birds near Kilnsea on 
February 25th. 

Dendrocopus major. Great Spotted Woodpecker. Alto- 
gether I have heard of four occurrences during the winter in the 
Lincolnshire marsh district, two of which I have seen. 

Naturalist, 


CORDEAUX : BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. TO5 


Bernicla brenta. Brent Goose. Numerous at the entrance 
of the Humber since Christmas. On February 25th, I watched 
through the glass a ‘gaggle’ of about seventy feeding’ in shallow 
water, with an ebb tide, over a small bed of shore grass (Zos¢era), 
in the bay at Spurn; these were small and dark in appearance, 
and their distance from the shore was not over one hundred 
and fifty yards. Two-thirds of the flock had only their rumps 
above the water, the rest of the body below the surface, as they 
pulled and nibbled the grass ; the remainder swimming sentry 
till their turn came. These geese were feeding most greedily, 
and seemed little alarmed, although we stood in full view. All 
the time they kept up a continuous musical cry, like a pack of 
hounds. The eagerness with which the geese fed made me 
exclaim to Mr. Hewetson, ‘They must be expecting a storm,’ 
and in less than twelve hours it came from E. and N.E., with 
heavy driving snow and rain. Stubbs, of Tetney, shot three 
white-bellied Brent Geese from a flock of five, in January, and 
one of these was sent by Mr. Haigh to the Edinburgh Museum. 
Mr. Haigh says he has never seen more than five or six of them 
together, and then always by themselves. 

Fuligula ferina. Pochard. Stubbs shot four out of a bunch of 
five, on January gth, at Tetney ; three of them were beautifully 
plumaged males. 

Mareca penelope. Wigeon. Have been exceedingly plentiful 
during the winter on the Humber. February 25th, the males 
are now in perfect plumage. 

Turdus torquatus. Ring-Ousel. On Feb. 25th Mr. Hewetson 
and myself, when out for a walk, saw two Ring-Ousels, adult 
males, in a paddock, near the Coastguard station, at Kilnsea. 
I was anxious to make a nearer acquaintance with these, as, on 
the grass, and also in flight, they showed much more white on 
the wing than I recollect having seen on any of the Ring-Ousels 
obtained in the same locality in the autumn, several skins of 
which I have now before me. These may have been the 
I. alpestris (C. LL. Brehm) from central or southern Europe. 
We borrowed a gun at a neighbouring farm, but after following 
them from place to place, had to abandon the pursuit. The 
occurrence of Ring-Ousels in February is in itself an interesting 
fact, of which there is no previous record in the district. 

Sturnus vulgaris. Starling. On February 25th, Mr. oe etson 
shot eight from a large flock on grass-land close to the c 
at Kilnsea. They were all the so-called purglehieaded ra nine 
which comes to us on migration from the east in the autumn, and 

April 1893. 


106 NOTES—-LEPIDOPTERA AND FISHES. 


were even more richly coloured on the head than in the very 
beautiful figure of this Starling given by Lord Lilford in his 
‘Illustrations of British Birds, No, xxii. In these Kilnsea 
examples, the only tinge of green about the head was on the 
auriculars, the colour of the remainder being perhaps best 
expressed as a purple-lake, with the feathers of the flanks under 
the wings a deep violet, and much richer than these parts when 
compared with the examples of the green-headed race (.S. vulgaris) 
procured in the same week. These former appear to b 
intermediate between the Common Starling and S. menzbéert, in 
which last the ear-coverts are said to be purple. 
It will be seen that the outbreak of almost arctic severity overt 


with a great rush of various species on the east coast. First we 
have Woodcock on January 4th, followed by Waxwing, Mealy 
Redpole, and an enormous inrush of Snow Bunting, old Fieldfare, 
and Blackbirds, with a few Ring-Ousels. At the same time, all 
wild fowl, as geese and duck, have been exceptionally numerous. 

March 3rd, 1893. 


Ab Coke een eh talk ERA. 


a’ ie in Yorkshire Lepidoptera, ss a meng of the Entomological 
Me hcc ae pont held February sth, a” 93, Mr.:G..T. Porr wl a two 
varieties of Arctia lubricipeda from York ; nage ive- a oh x ds spec moyX 


guercus {rom Huddersfield ; and a a Cite specimen of pean hastate 
from Wharncliffe Wood, Yorks hir 


OTE—FHISHES. 
trings confined in ap eget ent to the _—— of the Humber, 


i not a stone's throw from New Holland on the M. S. and L. railway, there 
exists a pond, some three acres in extent, which has been gecsee ‘to furnish 
clay for the neighbouring brickyard. ommunication is effected with the 
r m lew, which is so contrived that water m 
occasionally but not go The water is therefore neces y Becaee 
, but grows a coarse aquatic vegetation, which enables it to sustain animal 
life its inhabitant notice mo — “Osmer 1S pera 
Platessa flesus, and harengu. Th see 
season and are so arfed, the largest n ai n hee r an genic 
owing probably to the limited food supply of fed habitat ey rise constantly 
r flies, and are taken by rod and line, the coc e provi the mo: 
seductive lur Hull a sg ale oie alive to the novelty a capturing mies 
the Humber ove ery winter in dozens for that purpose, at whic “ay n they 


feed best. Locally they are af dine as pilchards, but th yt ck fi cad a other 
reliable distinguishing marks proclaim them to be the Tee EL Moo 
TER, Hull, Oth, Ft 
This nian as note ecalls t to mind Yarrell’s record, as quoted i n the 
ndbook of the eveckure Fai of Yorkshire,’ p. 129, of Col. Meynell, of 
jury 


pro eno abundantly. When the pond was drawn, the fishermen of the Tees 
considered that they had never seen a finer lot of Smactts, there being no loss. of 

flavour or qual rib —W.D.R. 
Naturalist 


THE CRAVEN HIGHLANDS. 
The | Craven | and | North-West Yorkshire Highlands. | Being a complete 
and 


account | of the | ey eggs prance | - mag jie sanete 

District. | By | H. Speight, | (John nnie Gray), | Autho ough 

Ai ear ei from Goole to Malham,” etc, | Illustrated. | Pasion ' Elliot Stock, 
892. | . 


This hiaveiadts toni which is got up in a very handsome green 
cloth case, on which is given a view of Catterick Force, extends to 
47° octavo pages, every line of which is of value or interest. We 
do not remember to have seen a more perfect work of its kind. 
Throughout it bears the marks of close practical acquaintance with 
€very nook and corner of the very extensive tract of country which 
is included, as well as of unwearied industry and indefatigable 
research among books and documents. There scarcely seems to be 
a fact connected with any locality in a topographic sense of which 
our author does not appear to be in some way or other cognizant, 
So that as regards matters of fact or circumstances of local interest 
the book may fairly be regarded as being what it is described on its 
title-page, ‘complete.’ Its literary style is such as to add considerably 
to its merit. The book is eminently readable, with a slight sprinkling 
of anecdotal digression, but without any descent to the wordiness 
and diffuseness which so often makes a local guide-book wearisome 
to the reader. Mr. Speight succeeds in so keeping the attention of 
his readers as to carry them with him from place to place, and in 
such a manner as to make it difficult to lay the book down before 
finishing it. A native of the district, our author still keeps his local 
Patriotism well within bounds, and sound judgment reigns supreme 
throughout. Little is said in praise but what will be amply endorsed 
by others who have had the opportunity of forming their opinions 
from the independent and unbiassed standpoint of a casual visitor. 
The illustrations to the book, mostly Meissenbach reproductions, 
strike us as being exceptionally clear and good, and in several 
instances (e.g. the Devil’s Bridge at Kirkby Lonsdale, pp. 274-5) 


Scientifically, Mr. Speight has interspersed his work with 
references to the natural phenomena of the district, its geology and 
physical configuration, its flora, and to a certain extent its fauna also. 

ere are several most valuable prefixes to the book, most of which 
are purely historical in scope, but those giving the exact heights of 
mountains, roads and passes, of towns, villages and hamlets, and 
Particularly the taka: absolute and comparative, of the rainfalls 
registered in 1889, 1890, and 1891, are most useful from our point 
of view. Amongst shiek subjects which receive attention we may 


"April 1893. 


108 BOTANICAL ‘WAIFS’ IN CUMBERLAND. 


canoe from Giggleswick Tarn, the explanation of the mechanism of 
the Ebbing and Flowing Well, the various Caves which abound in 
this permeable limestone tract, the scientific worthies of the district, 
which include names so distinguished as Faraday and Sedgwick 
(it is by the way, news to us to learn that Faraday is dubbed ‘ Sir’), 
the Craven faults, a note by Mr. J. W. Carter on the Coleoptera of 
Ingleborough Hill, Mr. Baker’s notes on the plants of the same 

mountain and of Penyghent, the birds of Malham Moor, and not 
a few notes on the florulas of particular spots, all receive passing 
attention. The only piece of adverse criticism that occurs to us is 


er 
Qu 
oO 
a 
, 2 
° 
ct 
5 
Oo 
ca) 
a 
© 
o 
n 
n 
° 
a 
n 
° 
basi 


old su t 
Se oink -hand, swimming, etc., it scarcely appears to us to be so 
much a title of honour that it need be applied to any one other 
than the holder of an endowed chair in one of our universities. But 
this is a very small point, and does not detract from the merit 
of a work which we regard as a model well worthy of imitation in 
other districts.—W.D.R 


NOTE BOTANY: 
erland. — Under this title Mr. W- 


ransactions f mberland and West nd cea os on 4 ora of 
tie ballast-heaps, and other suchlike places in Cumber 
limited space at disposal, is dangerous ae es from ee Montevideo arlo, 


Corsica, etc., being represented. Two cali shall be avi Wicotia ‘ana tabacum 


t elf. 
present—Mr. Phillips ether the ome aes e been wind- 
blown from plants in the i im mediate neihbicach ood of the Tin Plate Works: _The 


ulli o ott ea 
The question thus raised remains for solution.’ Possibly Mr. Hodgson may extend 
his ose porte and publish them in a more accessible place than the transactions of 
society. —LisTER PETTY, —— ‘ebruary 17th, 1 mle 
Naturalist, 


109 


THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE 
AND ITS SIXTH YEAR’S WORK. 


THOS: TATE. FG.S., 


Leeds; Honorary Secretary 1o the Committee. 


THE Yorkshire Boulder Committee have comparatively few erratic 
blocks to report this year, nearly all the known examples having 
been previously recorded. This being the case, they have been at 
liberty to make important advances in their method of research, and 
to devise new modes of operation. 

During the year their attention has been mainly given to 
maturing a scheme for the careful and exact exploration of special 
glacial districts not hitherto investigated. hey began with the 


Mr. John Burton, of Horbury, who, patiently following the excava- 
tions necessary for the new sewage works, has collected an extensive 
series of typical boulders, the identification of which promises to 
lead to some valuable results. These the committee hope to embody 
in their next annual report. 

They intend also to present a similar report on the Sedbergh, 
Garsdale, and Dentdale district, now being investigated after the 
Same fashion. 

During the past year a sub-committee has been engaged upon 
the preparation of a new and enlarged Glacial Map of Yorkshire, on 
a scale of one inch to the mile ; towards the cost of which map this 
committee gratefully acknowledges a grant of £3 10s. od. from the 
Erratic-Blocks Committee of the British Association. 

The following erratic blocks have been recorded during the past 
year :— 

Reported by Mr. J. J. MARSHALL, Chemist, Market Weighton. 

On Mr. Brough’s farm, Reformatory Road, Market Weighton, 
an isolated Jurassic sandstone boulder, 19 x 13 x 10 inches, angular 
with rounded edges; no rocks like it near, but gravels and sands of 
4 similar character ; recently found when ploughing, now removed 
to near the farmhouse. 

April 1292, 


:m ge) TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 


Reported by Mr. JOHN Srears, Hull. 


On England Hill farm, near Winestead, Holderness: a mountain 
limestone boulder. 4:3 x 2°3 x 17 feet, sub-angular, resting on a 
gravelly bed; under 50 feet above sea-level. Some years ago 
a larger boulder of the same colour, weighing several tons, was 
found in the same field and broken up for road-metal. ‘ 


Reported by Mr. JOHN H. PHILuips, Hon. Sec. of the Scarborough 
Philosophical Society. 
Group oF Erratic BouLpERs. 


In the garden of King’s Cliff Hospital, Scarborough, 58 boulders 
of all shapes and sizes from 4 feet 8 inches and 26 inches in 
circumference up to 11 feet 8 inches by g feet 6 inches; striations 
nearly illegible. They include four basalts, two hard limestones, and 
52 Shap Fell granites from half a hundredweight up to two tons in 
weight. 

Collected by their former owner, Mr. John Wharton, from the 
coast and highways in the immediate neighbourhood. 

The estate has recently been sold and is to be converted into 
a winter: garden ; but it is hoped this fine group of erratics will be 
transferred to the Scarborough Museum. 


Reported by Mr. Tuos. Tate, F.G.S. 


RIBBLESDALE.—Swanside Wood, east of Sawley Abbey, on the right 
ank of Swanside beck ; altitude 350 feet. 

I.—‘ Brockram,’ somewhat bleached, 14x 7 x6 inches, rounded. ~ 
May be from the Permian conglomerate of Black Burton 
(the Leck Beck brockram), which is indistinguishable from 
that of the vale of Eden. 

II.—Black limestone breccia, richly veined with calcite and 
limonite ;_ 12x 6x6 inches; very angular. Parent rock 
unknown. 

INGLETON. 

I.—Right bank of Dale Beck, a little above Phillip’s * Dyke ; 
altitude 470 feet. Helmsgill Lamprophyre, 6’ x 3/3” x 1/7"; _ 
subangular. 

II.—Right bank of Dale Beck, near the Mealbank limekiin ; alti- 
tude 4oo feet. Helmsgill Lamprophyre, 6ft. x 5ft. x 3ft. 6in. ; 
angular. 

Microscopic sections of these two boulders are described 
and figured in Proceedings of Yorkshire Geological and 
Polytechnic Society, vol. xi. p. 311, plates xiv. xv. 

“Naturalist, 


‘ 


NOTES—ORNITHOLOGY AND COLEOPTERA. TEE 


Dewspury.—Gasworks, Savile Town ; altitude 125 feet. 
I.—Ennerdale granophyre, 12 x 8 x 6 inches ; well worn. 
II.—Buttermere granophyre, 7 x 5 x 5 inches; rounded. 
Church Street, opposite County Court ; from excavations 
for main drainage : 
III.—Ennerdale granophyre, 16 x 7 x 4 inches; oval, very much 
worn. 

Horsury Bripce.—Altitude roo feet. 

I.—Ennerdale granophyre, 7 x 4 x 4 inches; well worn. 

WaKEFIELD.—Thornes Lane, below suspension bridge; altitude 
76 feet. 

I.—Ennerdale granophyre, 6 x 4 x 3 inches ; well rounded. 

Trrs Sipk.—Shap granite, Armboth quartz felsite, and Carrock Fell 
gabbro have been obtained in boring operations, ranging from 
3° to 120 feet at North Ormesby and South Bank, as well as 
north of the Tees estuary, by the reporter. 

Harry Muller, of West Chiselhurst Park, Eltham, Kent, has 


the supervision of this committee, and the particulars have bee 
transferred to the Wont rea of England Boulder Committee for 
verification, 


NOTES —ORNITHOLOG Y. 
Waxwings n near Louth.—A flock of five waxwings (4 esi serra 
which — feeding in a hawthorn hedge, in a field near Louth, was shot t 
orgie h 3rd), by a man who was lark-shooting. He shot two early fr the artis 


a going again two or three eget oa secured the other three in about the 
san me place, two of which are now y possession.—R. LARDER, 33, Mercer 
Row, Liat, March 3rd, 1893 

Occurrence of the Boh near Hull.—In the last week 
- February f bor Bohemian Wa Faxing ‘Cini 44 rulus) were shot on Hessle 
Common, near Hull, and a of Mr. W. Ward, of Cambridge 
Street, for _iioearlongatg The asuace be sige interesting bird, so conspicuous by 
the unique wax tips to its wings, is due, no doubt, to the exceptional severity of 
the weather ¢ on the Continent.—H. M. Foster, Hull, 11th March, 1893. 


NOTE—-COLEOPTERA 
Cychrus ros gon: ear Ulverston.—In March ere” whilst lifting some 
straw which had b en laid. on a gee bed, I disturbed an individual - oo 
Ka 4 apparently a : ae After examining, it was allo wel 4 to go. 
th As afterwards, one—probabl the same—a red in one of the a ; 
en it went into ‘the bottle, but unfortunately it was left there too long. No 
all }i Specimen has come under my notice, although stones have been turned, and 
Un petal places searched. Probably it is ‘a8 uncertain here as in other localities. 
jae Perry, Ulverston, March 7th, 1893. 
; 189: 


LITHOCOLLETIS: CERASICOLELLA; 
A SPECIES NEW TO THE BRITISH FAUNA, 
AT DONCASTER. 


H H. CORBETT, M.R.CS., 
Doncaster, 

I HAVE pleasure in adding the above species to the British list. 
Last autumn I collected the mines of the larva in the leaves of 
Prunus avium, and I have now bred a ae of the imagines. One 
of the latter I have sent to Mr. Barrett, who confirms my opinion 
that it is undoubtedly bition ‘Mepasicbiath Herr.-Schaff. 
Appended is a description of the mine, the larva, and the imago 

The mine is elongate, and is placed between the lateral veins of 
the leaf of P. avium, reaching from near the mid-rib towards the 
margin. 

The larva is pale yellow, vino segment orange yellow. Head, 
dark brown or black. Legs, gr 

The tmago belongs to the foheihulelin group, and is very like 

L. spin, but the following points serve to distinguish it from 
that spec 

The nae dorsal streak is more gradually curved, and its apex 
does not point in a line continuous with the basal line. The third 
dorsal streak is very small, and never joined to the third costal 
streak. ie third and fourth costal streaks are united by some 
white scales above the ape black spot. 


NOTE—BOTANY- 


Paris quadrifolia in North en. “We found this handsome — plan’ 
wheiice in several of the woods and plantations in this neighbourhood in May 
— (1892), cra in places where the underwood had been cut be) cleared 

RD Burrress, Grove Ligne Retford, March 2oth, 


NOTES—MAMMALIA. 


Towton Battle-field.—A fine female Badger (A/eles erwisa a 
caught in a trap in Renshaw Wood Towto on, near Tad — er, on | We 


eace a of the Noctule.—On the oth March, te i the 
— R. oe Summerfield, B.A., Vicar of North sth ote 4 
octule ( Vz. er meted noctula), which one of his sons had sh ia ed wing in 
beciad daylight, on the 8th, at that place.—WM. DENIson yshontsh 
March 2oth, 1893. 


Naturalist, 


113 


AMERICAN WHITE-THROATED SPARROW 
IN HOLDERNESS: 


AN ADDITION TO THE YORKSHIRE AVI-FAUNA. 


JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., 
Eaton Hall, Retford, 


Ar the commencement of this year, Mr. G. W. Jalland, of Holderness 
House, near Hull, a practical and observant naturalist, saw amongst 
the birds he was in the habit of feeding on his lawn, one with which 
he was not acquainted, and which he suspected might be a wanderer 
from some distant part of the world. The bird remained about the 
grounds for six weeks, and its identity not having been determined, 
was shot on February 13th, and sent in the flesh to Mr. P. Loten, of 
Easington. I am indebted to Mr. Hewetson, of Leeds, for a very 
full description and excellent and correct water-colour of the bird, 
and from these I was able to identify it as a fine example of this 
American Bunting (Zonotrichia albicollis Bonap.), and presumably 
4 mature male in winter plumage. Subsequently, on February 25th, 
T had the opportunity of examining the bird at Mr. Loten’s house, 
at Easington, and verifying my previous supposition. The drawing 
was also sent by Mr. Hewetson to Professor Newton, who says in 
reply that he thinks there can be no doubt about the accurate 
determination as Zonotrichia albicollis. 

There are two almost black stripes on the crown separated by 
@ median one of pale buff or dirty white. A broad superciliary 
Stripe from the base of the mandible to the occiput, bright yellow as 
far as the middle of the eye, and then pale buff. A broad dark 
patch on side of head enclosed between dark lines, one of these 
Tunning through the region of the eye, the other forming the rictal 
Streak. Throat a smoky, silky-white, and sharply defined against 
the bluish-grey of sides of head and breast. This is margined 
with a narrow black maxillary line. Edge of wing bright yellow, 
axillaries also yellow. The whole of the breast and flanks are 
marked with indistinct and very fine horizontal streaks, visible only 
iM some lights. Back and scapularies rufous brown, streaked with 
_ darker; wings extend little beyond root of tail ; tail rather long, slightly 
founded, dark olive brown; two narrow white bands across wing 
cOverts ; legs and edges of mandibles flesh colour. Length 7 inches. 


April R93. * H 


114 NOTES AND NEWS. 


The White-throated Bunting has occurred twice before in Great 
Britain, once on the Aberdeenshire coast in 1867, and also more 
recently near Brighton. 

Zonotrichia leucophrys, the White-crowned Bunting, a closely 
allied species, is known to visit South Greenland sparingly in the 
spring, where it probably breeds. 

February 28th, 1893. 


NOTES ery NEWS. 


age De arse ogra of Botany’ is a notice of Mr H. Pearson’s 
an of Lejeuneee Madagas ane acewally published in as Christiania 
Vienskabs Selskabs F orbandingmty : 1892. 


» me writer Sgt ishen sh. a description and figure of a new British 
in the ‘Journal of Botany’ for September 1892, ree we Mee, 
Bots (Limp.) Spruce, which was ap on Ben Nevis by Mr. W. 


pat elections to the Fellowship of the Linnean Society have included the 
am William Whitwell, of Balham, who dur agg his residence in York- 
chive ina done good work for the botany of that county 
>t + 
esenge 5 7 go is 6 Fellowship of the Entomological Society of 
Ir. Geo. C. Dennis, of York, and Mr. William 


Lond 
Tiakewedae, of | Hoeaceh: near 


Among those recently elected to to the privileges of F.G.S. are Mr. W. Gregson, 
of Baldersby, near Thirsk, and Mr. J. W. Stather, Secretary of the Hull 
Geological Societ 


n ‘Nature’ for oes 5th, 1893, Pr Prof, a A. Herdman propounds the outline 
of a scheme for what will be a very pt series of handbooks (on the pee 
of the British Floras—brief, terse, diagnostic), of the British iyi Fauna 
Would that this was carried out in such branches as Ent tomology as 


The fi ag ibaa de pores oie ‘Wild ig me | by eg: Chapman and Walter J. Buck 
which 


(p. 249), bea ars oO ohn P. Thomasson contributed to the 
* Naturalist’ of Des. ie ne ‘One nie aweny deserves passing remark—the 
pcs small number of eggs laid in ‘the south than is the case with many of the 


e species further dosti In Spain, = of the warblers =“ only four eBe* 5 ; 
ke Blackbird, as a rule, but three, and these much b d than at hom 


Pong 
The new ih, re bon vibe pert of the WV ovkshive Geological and Polytechnic 
Society contain e brief notes by Mr. G. W. Lamplugh, F.G.S., on ‘ The 


Oy 
Flamborough Distnuge ties We fear that this will be the las st, for the 
s valuable contributions to the Glacial geology of East 
Yorkshire. Mr. ugh is now on aes aff of the Geological Survey, and is 
stationed in the ok of the Isle of Ma 


pone 
We have pleasure in calling attention to the List of ‘Plants of sie District,’ 
by our valued contributor, Mr. Lister Petty, of Ulverston, which occupies page ges 


63-66 of Atkinson’s *‘ Guide to Grange and Arnside.’ The plants are enuine ated 
under their respective natural orders, the com e ‘ 
Other matter of interest to pans in the Guide book is a chapter for anglers, 
ibe Guide itself is well illustrated, has a good map, and is calculated to be of 
value to visitors Is om 8 to which we l the publisher’s 
attention, and that is the absenc y date of publication. We trust that new 
editions, as they are successively pach Pe will be dated, and so add value to the 
book and its conten 


Naturalist, 


€ 


115 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: 
Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and 
Physical Features of the North of England. 
BIRDS, 1890. 
THE present instalment has been compiled and arranged by 
WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. 

The previous Ie tetet lp of the Bibliography of fiiedy have 
appeared as follo 
For 1884—in Natali! sbi and April 1885, pp. 185-200, 


ntinued in May 1885, ,, 223-227. 
» 1885— if epee aber 1886, ,, 260-272. 
»  1886— ‘ May and June 1889, i PAGES, 
“4 Lon ei August and Sept. 1889, ,, 249-270. 
> 1888— ug June and July 1890, ,, 177-198. 


Apriland May 1892, ,, 121-136. 

Sept. and Oct. 1892, ,, 281-291. 

The counties and vice-counties of which cognizance is taken are 
the following, as named and numbered in the Meee scheme :— 

53, Lincoln S.; 54, Lincoln N.; 56, Notts.; 57, Derby; 58, 
Cheshire ; 59, Lancashire S. ; 60, 1 aweadiire we or, Your S.E..- 
62, York N.E.; 63, York S. W.: ; 64, York Mid W.; bs ¥ ork N. W.: 
66, Durham ; 69° Weithumbertand Ge, Cheviotland er West 
morland with Furness ; 70, Caatitend ; and 71, 

The remarks prefixed to the Bird-bibliography for ses ‘site’ 
in the ‘ Naturalist’ for May 1889, p. 145) are equally applicable to 
the present instalment. 


93 1889— 


ANon. [not signed]. No Re &., gecsansea Durham. 
List o Don o the um fat : 
from August roth, 1888, fr 8 Ist, ie (Fringed iypoenas shot on 
Leazes (H. A. Innes); Corvus a Nunnykir ee Noble); Yes 
ridibundus, ee of the year, Hebburn reservoir (Jas. S raheceets Syrrhaptes 
Peradoxus killed at Cragside (Jno. — coe pied Tu trdus merila shot at 
the Felling, at 1888 (Re Haythornthwaite); a alpina shot at 
Holy Island Ue BD. Walker); Colymbus spon nals s there (H. C. 
Swan); Stercorarius pomatorhinus shot 7 at Prestwick Car 
- E. Beck); five C Cotcchramin Sacer Se tee Besutont (A. Robson) ; 
Certhia shot at Woodburn (Edward Newton); two Loxia curvirostra shot 
at Winlaton (Thos. Thompson)]. Nat. Hist. Trans. i eeab. Durh. and 
Newe., vol. 10, part 2 (1890), pp. 312-313. 
ANon. [signed ‘T. D. (Friends? Retreat, Heslington-road, VYork)]. York N.E. 
[Zurdus musicus|’s in Februa: near York 
Field, Spiess 8th 1890, P ; ee ceemecoanad 1 
ANox, [signed ‘ Secreta Lanc. S. 
Peaketh F Field Club [Sturnus vulgaris descentting a bedroom chimney]. 
me is March 15th, 1890, p. 29. 
2s 189: 


116 BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. 


Anon. [signed ‘G. H. B. (Hyde, near Manchester) ’]. Cheshire. 
racine of Plover [ Vanellus et shad i Eggs [about Hyde they are 
decreasing]. Field, April 19th, 1890, 
ANON, ey 'T. De (Yore)’ 7. 
epoca [ Turdus merula) eng og, oi ay nest of Thrush [( 7: wzszc mS 
rk]. Field, May 3rd, 1890, p 
ANON, att Ww. Laac, Se | 
Sheldrake [ Zadorna cornuta| and Great Spotted Woodpecker [ Dend ee 
major) near Liverpool [on banks of Alt, and at Blundellsands, Oct. 
details given]. Field, cine 7th, 1890 52. 
Anon. [signed § E.C. (Lilburn Tower, Northumberind) ot Cheviotland. 
—_ ant Risser oa hicus| nesting in a Silver Fir [at Lilburn Bb 
nan old nest of Co/umba perenne ¢ vield, June 14th, 1890, p 


J 


ANON. ~ = Yor ic wa - 

Elles: Sc hool, Harrogate [at oat Bd hag 3; young Zurdus 
prone i noted}. N.H.J., June 15th, 1890, p. 

amet [not signed Derbyshire. 


J. ys 
keth [excursion to Monsall conn 23rd May; egg of Crvclus 
peel N.H.J., June 15th, 1890, p. 
ANON. [not signed]. York S.W. and N.E- 
E cts from an Ornithological Diary [for 30th March ag d Ap 
ee Be ; Galina caelestts and Linota a ore ta oe bets liffe ; Z. Aiaria round 
ds]. ., June 15th, 1890, p.96- 


ANON. [signed ¢ Bae a Westmorland 
A Swallow [s species not stated] caught on a Fish-hook [near Miller 
Bridge, Ainbleside} Field, June 23rd, 1890, p. 979. 
Anon, (signed ‘ FOUN OP ? Notts. 
Sparrowhawk [dc ccipiter nis caught by a Locomotive [of Midland 
express on its way to London from Nottingham, June 14th, 1890; within 
a lew days a Perdix cinerea caught by an engine on the same line ; tocalities 
not given]. Field, June 28th, 1890, p. 979. 


Anon. [signed ‘Constant Reader ’]. York N.E- 
Woodcock [Sr agg ig el caught in a Vermin Trap [at Kilburn, 
Hambledon Hills, r Thirsk, be A young bird, evidently eure 


there]. bse July aoth, 1890, p. 
Anon. [signed Ae erbyshire- 
Thrush ge vik anaes roofing its nest [at Pinxton, sesleneid Field, 
Aug. 30, 1890, p. 
ANON. rip si ned]. Lanc. 
enketh Bos ’ Field Club [notes on Parus cerulens, Locustella, Ph one 
— 7% Me Brock Valley near she om sorry arn phragmitis (nest at 


ankey)]}. « He Je Sepeagthy 18 
Cumberland, pails: Lanc. S. and W., Notts, 
Anon, [editorial]. York Mid W. and N.E. 
igrant Table, 4, 1890 [giving dates of arrival of 28 species of 


field, Peakerh, Preston, Raw doi 1, York, and Wigton ; poe ges ape shown 3. 
special remarks on Crex, C, cee aad Miranda ee ey. p. 15th, 
1890, p. 117. 
ANON. [not signed]. Isle of Man. 
[Birds observed on an] Excursion to the Mull Hills [Isle of Bann 
24th May, 1887 ; . Rahs trotle in numbers]. Back Trans. J. 


NHS.) © 117; ook. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1 eee 
Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 18go. Lig 


ANON. [not signed]. sono 
motes s of Books e Surnames and Place Names of the Isle 
an. By A. W. Moore ‘with ag Te references 2 nidification 4 Faleo 

oa egrinus and Corvus corax Maughold’s Chair; and to ‘garee vreck’ 


is 
as the Manx name ee He a ostr pat Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, 
Oc 


ANON, yan si R. mE 
pape between Magpie Like rustica] and Rat [ina cepa near ee 
of Mai, “described n Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1890, 
oF ety ip » a - a 
Arrival of Wild Geese [(4xser drachyrh ewe * the Woite Sep. 25th, 
1890 ; and flock is 38 seen 27th]. Field, Oct 1890, p. 501 
ANON, (signed ° Beacons hs North miberland sil Durham. 
a ae cma ting in Northum sac teas tated ; Corvus corax, 
i Aubtlate arquata, Phaslaney, en rosea, Cinclts 
Motacilla » pes oni Phyiloscopus sibilatrix, Sylvia atricapilia, Turdus mez ula, 
Fringilla ds, Syrntunme aluco Columba enas, Mascica apa at ricapilla, 


s, Galli 2 ent 
colopax, Dendrocopus major crave ori trochilus, P. rufus, Locustella, 
Ciara dacropn phragmitis, Cotile, Sylvia hortensis, Muscicapa grisola, Garrulus, 
Sylvia cinerea, Turdus — Asio otis, and Captian referred to]. 
Field, Oct. 11th, 1890, p. 538. 

ANON. [signed ‘ F. W. H.’}. Linc. N. 
Buzzard Sagas tak roe - oom opese [one shot near Kirton-in-Lindsey 
“the other , 3 feet across ~ s; in the second note, igen 
justifies himself for killing on bird}, Field, Oct. 11th, 1890, p. 538, an 
Oct. 18th, p. ae wed by severe aha by M. G. Watkins, iela, 
Oct. 25th, 1890 Port 
ANON, [not signed]. York S.W. 
igrant Returns [from Ackworth ; giving ie a Cuculus, Crex, Chelidon, 
and Hirundo). N.H.J., Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 
aie seed * Ed.?}. Durham, 
tnal Migration of Birds [with footnote as to Wirundo rustica seen 
he Annette -on-Tyne, Noy. 10th, 1890]. Field, Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 746. 
ANON. {not signed]. No: — S., Cheviotland, and Durham. 
mo e late Je ohn Han of Newcastle-on-T i 
refer Lotanus glareola, erp " ciaorv-velte ts, Fuligula cristata, sgh 
ma oe met pel asain "and Syrrhaptes). Zool. ,Dec. 1890, pp.441-447. 
Anon. [not signed]. York N.E. 
[Alcedo a are) ng ores nting Ayton School Grounds, ee 2g 
very tame owing to the inclemency of weather (Nov. 24th, 1890)]. N. H. J., 
Dec. 15th, 1890, p 65. 
Henry F. ALLison Linc. N. 
Great Grey Shrike {Lantus excubitor) and Peregrine Falcon [Falco 
Sag fe! in Lincolnshire [at Grainthorpe Fen and Tothill Wood, near 
uth, respectively]. Zool., March 1890, p. 106. 
FLA 


Linc. N. 
re bate: [oto alpestris] in — at North Somercotes, 
Feb. 11th, 1890]. oi ae i oc ag 


: S, 

er [Accedo si flying into a House Se : Phos near seen 
Newark, Sep. 7¢ = 1890}. Zool., Nov. 1899, 

HENRY F. ALLIso: Linc. S. 
Swfnch (Coe sore vuigaris| in Lincolnshire [at Beckingham near 

___Newark ; shot down by gardeners]. Zool., Dec. 1890, p. 465. 


<April 1893 


118 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 


OLIVER V. APL Notts. 
a Grey and the White Wagtails swale ilia melanope and MM. a/lba| 
n Oxfordshire [with a rege Fea -agrongones ce the coloration of a Rainworth 

killed ssangiek Zool., Oct. 374. 
Notts, situates’ S., Durham, Cumberland, Furness, 
O. V. APLIN. Lanc. W., York S.E., S.W., and N.E., Linc. N 
On the Distribution and Period of Sojourn in the British Islands of 
= Piosnti Crake iene freinds! being a series of colle ee ee 


ogg cou n me generalised ustenctbndy Zo 
el 17: 
Hef. ER. Cheviotland. 
Late Breedin ng of Starling Beaes nus vulgar a - ‘Northumberland {near 
wick, November 1889]. ., Jan. 1890, 
saa ‘eneriteds Jun. York N.E. 


astern Turtle Dove [7Zzrtur orientalis] in Yorkshire hog in first 
plumage, near Saehaacesk; Oct. 23rd, 1889]. Nat.. Sep. 1890 258. 
J. BackHousE, Jun ork N.W 
Yellow Wagtail {Afetacilla rai] in Swaledale jescocsionty common about 
Muker ; an addition to Goodchild’s list]. Nat., 1890 
JAMES BACKHOUSE [Jun. ]. York Mid W 
Yorkshire Notes on the Tree Sparrow [( Passer montanzts) ; notes on habits, 
nidification, etc., at Wilstrop near York]. Nat., Dec. 1890, p. 355. 
J. C. Bacon. Isle of Man. 
Fieldfare Meera Fees 7s| killed by a Peregrine Lette! AGE -inus) on the 
cliffs of the Isle of Man]. Field, May 24th, 1890, p 
MATTHEW BalIL 


Flambo: rough ‘Bird -Notes corey Mi igra tory Movements of A/a 
are Corvus demas colopax rusticola, uated vorgatt, Seno 
cr ristatus wens a phan se pha Lanius cult, orys N 
1890, nent occurrence of /ynx, Xema psig Uria * fe 


ta arus jon, and yds hee nigral. ae ‘ Oct. 1890, p. 3 
rush of Scolopax rustic ‘ola, Oct. 20th-21st, 1890]. at., Nov ee p- 335 
Benen occurrence of two Xena aha and movements "of Rissa pill 
Nat., : P- 354- 
MatrTHew BAIL York S 
Shore-larks (Otoory ans at a gape = dozen shot and several 
89] 


more seen, 21st Dec . Nat., Feb. 1890, p 
MATTHEW BAILey. York cee 
Flambor ic : Arrival Departure of Birds [dates given 
Prati ncbte rubicola, Motac zlla ten Saxicola enanthe, Regulus ysitie 
Corvus corntx). Nat., May 1890, p 149. 
Gro. BARCHARD. York S.E. 


— [Cini ae) in Holderness [one shot at Mappleton near Hornsea, 
g. 1890; dimensions and details S given; note also that Phalacrocorax 

a a few years i at Mappleton is now in writer’s collection]. 

Field, kee gth, 1890, p 


. G. BaRCLay. Cheviotland. 
—— of poe © ster Farne — ds ie — ig ime culd, 
Lomv. La argenta Sterna macrura, S. iS. tiaca, 


materi mtiininan, as carbo, ae Mati, Tadérne 
cornuta, Larus fuscus, and Rissa}. Zool., Jan. 1890, p. 

Ss romana, York S.E. 
bine’s Gull [Nema sadbiniz] at sep me ni [two shot off the Head, 
Sep. oth]... Field, Sep. 13th, 1890, p. 404 

Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. 119 


COR. ae eg Lanc. S. 

A Ramble ound Daisy Nook J oneeh Oldham ; Alauda arvensis, Tais 

reneged Brita and 7. merzu/a, no eo Trans. Rochdale Lit. and Sci. 

Soc., vo for 1889-90, publ. 1890, p 

H. Benson. York S 

Two-barred ya ben oxta ceeeuege in pcadd - near Rasington, 

Holderness, 12th A 889]. Zool., Jan. 1890, ; 

GEORGE Boiam. “cheviotan, “aie age S., Durham. 
me Notes he Occu ce of Pallas’s Sand Grouse, Syrrhaptes 
Paradoxus, (Pallas) in the Di seibies: during the recent visitation of the species 
to this country [giving particulars se details of Nort oe hg age 

aR ee P 


and Scottish occurrences]. roc. Berw. Nat. Club for 1889, vol. 12, No 
(publ. 1890), pp. 542-551 
Harry B. Booru. York Mid W. 
Bird-Notes oo. geil Bee lham ona [treating in chatty way of 
Motacilla rati, anope, Cinclus, Alcedo, T: rete ides, Ardea cinerea 


Muscicapa ciripiiiae ‘A wica, Acrocephalus phragmitts, Corvus 1 nonedula, 
Columba enas, Saxicola enanthe , Columba palumbus, Tinnunculus, Turdus 
torquatus, Numenius arquata Vanellus, Totanus calidris, Gallinag i aessirn 
ringa alpina, Charadriu We " pluv talis, Lagopus scotitus, dix rea, 
Gallinula chloropus, Anas boschas, Fuligula cristata, Phylloscopus wibcharin, 
Syrnium Nat, nape trix fa mmea, Corvus corone, and Turdus 
pilaris|. Nat. 1890, pp. 259-261. 
Harry B. Boo York Mid W. 
nye Greenfin ch [Ligurinus chloris| near Bradford ee ten a flock near 
n Moor, et Ith, 1890]. Nat., Nov. 1890, p 
I. Ve LACE Bow of 
estruction of “Plo overs [ Vanellus vulgaris!) Eggs ee York; the bird 
is sot aeons extinct]. Field, April 19th, 1890, p 
F.B yea S.E. and N.E. 
Great Plover ae Thick-knee [CZdicnemus scolopax| near York [still os 
A t Riding and one North Riding amas Field, Jan. 12th, 
: 2, : 
F. Boy York S 
Tits (Pn ‘us major| killing Bees [near meres Field, Jan. 11th, 1890, 


¥. te ES: ork S.E. 
The Migration of Woodcocks [(Scolopax rusticola) ; nics in criticism of 
some by John Cordeaux, and recapitulating some of the writer’s Holderness 
experience ; reference made also to migration of Zurdus ices T. pilaris, 
LT: merula, T. musicus, Corvus cornix). Field, Nov. 22nd, ; 
we Boy ES. York S.E. 
Swifts [Cypselus apfus| rising from the Ground [giving observations made 
pi East Riding, also upon their sleeping in the daytime]. Field, Dec. 6th, 
I 850. 
F. Boyes. York S.E. 
Abundan f Snipe [(Ga//inago calestis) near Beverley, during a a 
winter ; hel boschas also mentioned]. Field, Dec. 20th, 1890, p. 
F. Boyss, + s. E. 
e Grebe [7 achybaptes — occurrin Yorkshire during 
ce, autumnal migration ; no e at Walkin ie situated * = Wolds, 
some three miles above Sasha "Field, Dec. 20th, 1890, p 
F. Boyes. 
Pheasants [ 2, [Phasianus visage swimming [an instance near Beverley a 
Field, Dec. 20th, 1890, p- 9 
April 1893. 


120 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 


F, Boyes York “ BE. or S.W. 
Bittern [Betas stellaris] in Yorkshire [one shot by a bargeman ‘somewhere 
between’ Wakefield and Beverley ; and one exposed for sale in * Hull market]. 
Field, ee 27th, aa p- 948. 
THOMAS oo: kK S.AW 
Turtle- 


e [Zurtur communis} and Nightingale [ Daze/ias pends near 
Go eh Tat Ravel, the first, male, shot 8th May], Nat., Jun — p. 182. 


THOMAS _ k S.E. 
Storm ee [Proc ia pelagica| at Howden, Yorks. [2oth ee — 
ee byt tele: eA wires ; two previous Goole occurrences known]. Nat., 
+ 352. 
E. aca Durham 
Rook [Corvus Seg ig Nest with Eggs in November [near Ddvhen 
Field, Nov. 8th, p. 698. 
porn CARTE 
ling Sreeriads grees ve cae in February [on the 4th near Catterick} 
Tela Feb. 15th, 1890. 


BASIL CARTER tian ¢ en i 
Great Grey Shrike [Lanius excudbitor] in North a release two 
instances at Masham]. Field, March 8th, 1890, p. 360 
BASIL CAR as rk N.W. 
sgetay of ‘Goldfinches Sor — nea 


+r Masham a few 
years ago, but now merely a straggler ; decrease qenipaied to tae cate 
Field, Aug. 30th, 1890, p. as 


JAMES ae 


York N.W. 

Goo er [Mergus merganser| near Masham ye 1oth inst.,’ male observed 
tet ci ph rates Field, March 8th, 1890, p. 360 

JAMEs CARTER. York N.W. 

Notes from North Yorkshire [arrival of 7Zofanuws ett Saxicola 

ananthe, Phylloscopus rufus at Masham ; epee poeting run over by train at 

Masham inet Field, April 12th, 1890, p 
ALFRED C. CHap Northumberland S. 


poi Range Du a [Harelda Pieces inland in Northumberland [n 
Haydon Bridge, where also occurred Fuligula cristata, Clangula, Anas 
boschas, Sas uedula crecca, "Turder tliacus, and 7. merida ; dates and other 
ils ., Jan. 1890, p. 2. 


detai n for some of these]. Nat., 
ALFRED C. (oe ? Durham, Na rthumberland, and Cheviotland. 
Natural History ‘Mees from the stn [ nglan d 


of E d, not localise ’ 
Leamsi co. Durham, her with habits, 
migr Phylloscopus trochilus, Sylvia cinerea, Hirundo, Chelidon, 
Aszio ot cae imulgus, Linota Pavirostrisy E » Ar ee 
Cena Motacilla melanope, M. lugubris, M. raii i, Phyllos 
Gallinago celestis, Phenicura ‘ruticilla, aie. Aula, Regulus Seseyr a rds 
poetitta both Miemeniz, Charadrius pluvialis, Totas Capea 

7H. oo Falco peregrinus, and Lagopus scotic ox at € id, Aug. 2n nd, 


but bres ein Moor House 


2 


FRED CuarMan, : York N.W. 
f Heron [Ardea cinerea] in Wensleydale, N.W. Yorks. [a ge 
nesting in a rookery between Carperby and Thornton Rust]. - Nat., July 
1890, p. 210. 

Ne Cuiacaie 


ork N.E. 
Alpine Swift iawn Paso | at Scarborough [one picked up sed oo 
seen to a e seaward and drop to the ground ; identified 


by Mr. pv ae a pont in “Kine Street, egret Field, 9g satis 
1890, p. 599. 


Naturalist, » 


BIBLIOGRAPHY :' BIRDS, 1890. 121 


Chesh., Cumb., Derbyshire, Durham, Lanc. S. a dW., 
Linc. N. and s ‘Chevio tland and Northumb. S., Notts, Wreuadl.; 
MILLER att: Ore S.B WN. By S.; W., Mid W., N.W. 
A ee it ae of Local Lists 4 Britich Birds [giving titles of numerous 
onsale for the various counties; Isle of Man omitted]. Zool., July 1890, 
. oer 


joxX. ra AR 
York, Bootham. Natural any Club [Wild Geese near York reported]. 
sae Feb. 15th, 1890, p 
aD: rae ‘York. 
York [notes re Erithacus, ju dus merula, T. mustcus, and Alauda arvensis). 
Feb..1 6th, 18090, p.. 15. 


pores 
nketh Field Club [list of birds reaches 44, including Charadrius 
ai Parus ater, P. palustris, and Corvus corone]. N.H.J., April 15th, 
0, Pp: 51. 


EB, one Lines. 
Hybrid between the Grey and ee Partridges [(Perdtx cinerea 
and Caccabis rufa), seen at Bir gone wee a hamper of game from Lincoln- 
shire ; described, = aitosiad note appended, and repeated at p. 446, that if 

e Re 


TB! 
o 
go 


as an immatur d-leg (Caccabis a Zool., Oct. 1890, xiv. 384, and 
c. 1890, xiv. yr 


Lance. S. 
Curious Y Visitors at Sugar [near hdc obser ; Caprimulgus europeus 
nightly one year]. Young Nat., June 1890, p. 118 
ps aot COMBE Cheshire. 
ch [C pesisbraadbes vuloaris| phen - Wirral [at Ashfield, near 
Heston: this summer]. Zool., Oct. 1890, p 


EDWARD tate ER. Cheshire. 

Spotted Crake [Crex favtared in Wirral [one picked ne under telegraph 
wires close to Neston, 26th Aug. 1890]. Zool., Oct. 1890 

JoHN Corpravux. neo C. WN, York S. E. 


Ornithological Notes from the Humber Dist Autumn of 1889 
_{anent Loxia bifasciata,Strepsilas, fgg re Nemesia: ae N. te. 
eet bana Feces, thes ot DRS ERR ENE 
rrha ine iste reorarius crepidatus, e alidris, 


Prosellaties a pe ldsicn a, sy tet cd tei Saxt est “ena anthe, Muscicapa atr icapilla 

Motacilla vait, Anthus pratensis, Emberiza scheniclus, Turdus musicus, Lynx, 

Parus sak P. ceruleus, P. ater, Gallinago gallinula, Dendrocopus ee 

Garrulus, Porzana maruetta, Phalarop us fulicaré. us, Totanus fr i seins 

Vanellus, Ja Sa omitris, a wos viza Bi tlana, Columba palumoé. Tustin 

pilaris, Corvus corax vone, C. cornix, C. frugilegus, “ae emia, 
ctrophanes nivalis, “hia cristatus, Cinclus ing ster, Scolopax 

Z ‘a 


Tht a, aveliiede €0, ’ Chara arius gs ne yr , Regulus sa 
pilus uae titys, Hirundo, Chelidon, Stercoraritus pomator. orhiwus Ss, Pu fin 
major and Larus fad eal 3 notes on occurrence, migration, habits, etc. 7 
Ten. 1890 pp. 5-11 
Joun et Linc. N 
a Crossbill [Zoxia sacgnoryre. in Lincolnshire, etc. [Heligo- 
land be given; the Lincolnshire lity was South Cockerington near 
Louth, patie of 1889]. Nat., Jan | ane. p. 2 
Joun Corpeaux. Leis S.E, 
obable. Occurrence of Phylloscopus superciliosus (Gm.) near Spurn 
[seen by H. B. a ‘same in October 1889, in his eae < aaiegien 
__ Nat., Feb. 1890, 
April 1893 


122 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 18go. 


JOHN CoRDEAUX. York S.E. and ° W., Linc. N. and bi 
The Ruff and Reeve [Machetes pugnax] in Linco eres A beet in c 
siderable and most interesting detail of the history of t eat colnahir 
bird, with notices also for East Yorkshire, and also oF cate » Anas 
boschas, Mareca, Ful:gula sere Tringa senate pen i Limosa 
Totanus calidris, Numenius arguata, Charadrius pliuvialts, ’ Gallinago 
celestis, and Tot. glareolaj. Field, April 26th, 1890, p. 593; rep. Zool., June 
09. 


JoHN CoRDEAU c. N., Cheviotland. 
Wheatear a aah irene! in North Rabe ovat in Marc h [giving 
several March and February dates for North Lincolnshire, Farne 
Islands, etc.]. Zool., yas 1890, p. 185. 
Joun CorDEAUX. . N., York S.E. 
Have we two pert of Woodcock [(Scolopax haan dienes Zool., 
June 1890, p 
OHN CORDEAU ey c. N., York S.E. 
Ornitholo —— al Notes from the ourhar Serre < Tae erage pce: 
fi zn 


mo 
Strepsilas, “Numentes — Calidris, ihemate us, Ti wean ialidpee 
eee ‘omzas (local name at Spu ‘ Land- ee ”), and 7ringoides, nesting 
cE gialitis hi vsticula, arriva a of Mh Luscicapa ati epctie, Ruticilia epiridiy i US, 
ben ee S. Aortensis, sia: copus “trochils , occurrence of Lanzus 
collurto, Corvus corone, nthes obscurus, ing o of oe Sap scheniclus, 
arrival of vmstat Chelidon, Cotile, Cops - nesting of Sterna miniuta, 
occurrence of Turtur communis and Syrrhaptes, nesting of Linota cannabina, 
(Bent-Linnet), and nesting of Passer montis Nat., July 1890, aa res -20 
JOuN CorDEAUX. k S.E. 
Woodcocks [(.5¢ aged ay seg ; ee Ri observations ade on 
Holderness coast, Ioth, 20th, omvia gs Corvus cornix, 
Turdus merula also Save Field, Now Z oi, 1890, p 
JOHN eee York S.E. 
The Migration of Woodcock Moje ore rusticola) in Holderness; note 
explanatory of remarks criticised by F. Boyes]. Field, Nov. 29th, 1890, p. 816. 
Joun toe or mae York S.E., Cite N. 
Pine Gro in Heligoland—Shore Larks [Osocorys cage is] in the 
Humber Tae “tthe e latter occurring during December in tens of thousands 
on the Humber district sea coast]. Field, Dec. 27th, 1890, 48. 
R. Corron, Derbyshire. 
Purple Sandpiper [77ixga maritima] in Derbyshire [two seen nid shot) 
on the bscinio Corporation Sewage Farm]. Field, Dec. 6th, 1890, p. 850. 
J. H. Crostanp, York Mid W., Lanc. W. 
[Nest of "Stonechat Aesleieys™ riubicola) n a Sette, 19th June; young 
egg of Lagopus lates at Sa ndside, Morecambe 
, SEPIX Vin poceadee) ba Cinclus}. N. H. J. 


Bay, 
Oct, Peo ‘io 131. 
J. H. C[rostanp York N.E 
a" de Neimenua: arquata at a aa near York, Aug. 29th, apie) 
1. J., Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 132. 


Ii oot CROSLAND. York N.E. 
artins [Chelidon we in October iat ~ Mary’s, York, on the 3rd, 

anest]. N. H. J., Oct. 13th, 1890, p. 
J. H. CrosLanp. rk N.E. 
[Bird-Notes hone = Lad san Sao and young of Xuticilla spi nICUTUS 
and Syrmi cinerea and Larus argent seen 


nd Syraiu 0, 30th 3; Ard 
over the city, aah ‘and 28th Siew : Cielito still at t in St. van s 
3rd Oct. ]. : Ot NT ore 1890, p. a. = 

Naturalist. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. 123 


. W. C[ROSLAND]. ce. 
“thee ustella nevia and Certhia at Sandside, Morecambe Bayh f. i. g 
Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 131. 
hk. W. CROSLAND. York N.E. 
te by .. Gap Oct. 2nd, re on the Foss, Oct. 4th, both at York]. 
tg i 15th, 1890, p. 
WILLIAM Cros a W. 
Among the de Flowers—-The Woodlands [near Lytha mention 
Corvus Frases, Turdus setae and Gallinula ps donot Journ. 
of Microsc., July Aon, pp. 203 and 
MATTHEW T. CULL Cheviotland. 
ene History Note es [from Coupland Castle, anent evga wg 
Aloropus, and Motacilla yarrellé gi on the estate in 1887]. 
t. Club for 1888 (pub. 1889), vol. 


i pee, York N.E. 
York, Bootham. Natural History Club [notes anent Corwvas cornix, Ardea 
cinerea, Falco svergry: and Zurdus tlacus, near York]. N. H. J., 
1890, p. 
F; igi 


ae 

he Dead Lamb and its mapeona! Bog the Fells near Garstan ng ; s on 
aia (a8 opus, Charadrius pluz , Lurdus forget 
Tringoides, Pratincola rubicola, P. Shas a). N. H. 45 Sep. nie 1890, p. 118. 

FREDK. CurTIS c. W. 

Bird caioke L voc March [anent Geese, Zurdus viscivorus, T. bee 
fis aoe. Fringilla calebs, pee sa monedula, Stu ela Parus major, 
P. ceruleus, ater, P. palustris, Larus ridibund -, LEmberiza ichaniclus, 
Anthus S pratensis, Motactlla lapaiese, M. melanope, Linota ruseicen, Anas 
boschas, Cinclus, Lagopus, Mareca, and Saxicola enanthe). Bs, 
May 15th, 1890, p- 79. 

T[HoMAs]. D[ar.ey]. ‘York.’ 
Iden Eagle [Aguila chrysaétos] seen near York [on Oct. 24th; Editor 
peitihentls asks how writer would distinguish the flight from that of the Sea 
Eagle or ev wen a tes ard]. Field, Nov. “Ist, 1890, p. 668. 

THoMAs Dar ‘York.’ 


LEY. 
The Golden Eag te itd chrysaétos| at York [the writer’s ee 
specific gorse ay a defended, and 9g bird’s appearance and _ flight 


described]. F ge Nov. 8th, 1890, p 
CHARLES DELMA Linc. N. 
Eagle i on Lincolnshire nae supposed to be Aguzla yidee: ‘tos shot in Squire 


Viner’s wood a y, near — ey, 8 ov. ; measures 6 ft. 
across she. nel aa welghe 4 Ibs. ; account of aut given]. Field, 
Nov. 15th, 1890 46. 

CHARLES Dixon Cheviotland, York S.E. 


ith the Birds on Cliffs ae "a eig [with wood-cut of Robin Lythe’s 
Hole at Flamborough, and notes on Fratercula arctica on the Farnes ; 
a gossipping paper]. Leisure Hons Oct. 1890, pp. 680-5. 
W. A. DurNrorp. York sn 
Nesting Habits of Swallows Lalageste rustica) presuma’ resumably at Elsec 
Carrying white feather in its feet when bu - ing editorial note considers this 
an ene: Field, May sath, 7800, paz 


Wii; itor rk S. 
Corncrake [ a rex pratensis] perching on a Tree [on 3rd May, presumably a 
Elescar) as May 24th, 1890, p. 772. 
J. W. Fawcer 


Durkan. 
! Seaieeaeadl (Passer montanus] in the County of Durham [wi 
___details of habits, nidification, and localities]. Nat., Sep. 1890, pp. 277- vey 
il 1893. 


124 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 


J. W. Fawcett. Durham. 


The Tree Sparrow [ Passer montanus] in County Durham [notes on habits, 
me et Cy interbreeding with P. domesticus, etc.]. Nat., Dec. 1890, pp- 


Miss C. Boalt: 
w Lancashire Peculiarities, as noted by Drayton [in the Bahar 
1622 e ba rail and geese whi sical to]. Trans. Rochdale Lit. and Sci 
Soc. as 1878-3 888, publ. 1888, p. 6 
RILEY ForTUNE. York Mid W. 
Notes on the Starling [(S¢uzus vulgaris); its habits, cries, nidification, | 
and eal to agriculture, as observed near Harrogate]. Nat., June 1890, 
ic 


R. Fortu York Mid W. 
Snipe  feauieags calestis|’s Nest with five eggs and White ‘Blackbird 
(Zurdus merula] near Ripon [both seen June ist]. Nat., July 1890, p. 210 
R. FORTUNE. Yo iy Mid w. 
Notes on Migrants about Harrogate [Cvex very scarce this year ; Herwit 
and Cheliddon beginning to regain a So ground ; J/otaczlla oe ee 
light in colour]. Nat., July 1890, p 
RILEY FoRTUNE. York Mid W. 
[A pair of] Redshanks Siemens calidr7s} Breeding in Ripon Parks [June 
890]. Nat., July 1890, p 
RILEY FORTUNE. York Mid W. 
— Blackbird [7 zsdus merula| near vib la {one captured 2nd June 
ear Beckwithshaw]. Nat., July 1890, p 
esi Forru ork Mid W. 
Curious intial relating to a Blackbird [7wrdus merula] we Nest [at 
Harrogate ; a nest not Ss when the tree on which it was built was 
moved]. Nat., Aug. 1890, p. 250. 
ALFRED FRYER, Jun Cheshire. 
The Rock Thrush [Monticola sat, in Cheshire [seen ( observed 


(and 
closely for mn Hills, near ange = nee 4th, 18913 
supposed to be a male ; ‘ erin, pedis Zool., May 1890, p. 187. 


J. H. Fryer. York N. re S.E., ca Mid W. 
— Bootham. segs eisnt History Club [Notes on 7Zurdus pilaris 
nerula, Liguris tnus, Hir endo, Vanellus, Larus argentatus, Accipiter nISUSs 
hoetor. and Corvus nace | in the Vale of York]. N. H. J., June 15th, 
1890, p. 92. 
ROBERT GARN s Man. 
Notes - ‘the N Natural History of the ee af Man [with a surmise that the 
bird h Camden calls ‘maup’ and says is not aaa in the Island, is 
Parke, ce ee which is in Staffordshire called ‘Tom mau P a ‘Tom naup’]- 
Trans. I. of Man N. H. S., vol. i., 1879-84 (publ. 1888), p 
J.‘G, Goo za . 
Some of the Bi rds observed in tee —— [a ~ me 79 —- 
with remarks, and a few local names]. 1890, p 
Lin. GREENING 9 ire. 
Hawfinch 'Coccothe austes vulgaris] Bree ‘on [at Birch- 


ding near Warrin 
dale Appleton, Cheshire, Aug. 1889; jaricdlan: racine Nat., 


April 1890, p. 71 ‘ 

J. H. GuRNEY, ap Se 
Redbr _ Bg a a esonan parva} at Scarborough fbeadaed 

Oct. 2 a wood swarming with n haere er Regulus cristatus 

and — a the seventh British specimen]. Nat., Jan. 1890, p.14- 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 18go. 125 
J. H. Gurney, Jun York S.E; 

wee Variety of the Little Gull [(Larus minutus) shot near Flamborough 
1889 ; now in coll. John Marshall (Taunton, Zool., Jan 


phe p- 19 

J. H. G[urRNey]., Jun York N.E. 
Red-breasted F lycat tcher [ reir, cpt mA in Yorkshi e [one e, immature, 
wood near Scarbo d; skin in Soeison of Mr. John 

Morley Field, Jan. 18th, pe ee 83. 
if H, GuRNE y, Jun xk SE. 
lr Varieties of ge sh pet one of Lar us minutus bier at 
ea off Flamborough on Oct. 29th, 1890; now in Mr. Marshall’s 


let Field, eg sole 1890, p. 138. 
J, :H. Jun. York S.E. an 
pcr eae Notes from Norfolk [including notes as fe fn! g bafese tata 
and A'egulus cristatus in Yorkshire], Zool., Feb. 1890. Ve 
J. H. Gurney, Jun a Peta si 
shia Gallinule (Por, as to martinicus|in Hants [and in Northumbe 
land (from Hancock)]. Zool., Feb. 1890, p. 74. 
J. H. Gurney, Jun York S.E. 
bet soy ain is of the Little Gull [La arus ivev ant at Nal ree ee ee 
: ty RED, f 
J. *y Pisiee nig? ee ig 
On the Clai e Grosbeak [Pinicola enucleator] to be le, 


as a British sit Piaautig the Whitby records]. Zool., April 1890, p 
125-1209, 


Durham, Cumberland, ? Derbyshire, 

J. H. Gurney. .E., Mid W., and S.W. 

On the Occasional Appearance in Pg of the Crested Tit [(Parus 

eristatus) giving collected records for Y arkahive e, Durham, Cumberland, 

ei se Sota e (but this was at Meersbrook, Yor kshire) ; "altcgetnae pa Esa 
ecimens are noted, of which 7 are for Yorkshire alone}. Zool., June 18 

3 


NE umberland. 
The Gre y Phalarope ie ee fulicarius) in Cumberland’ {the one shot 
in that de nty on Aug. 2 was the earliest in date (except one) of all 
the 235 Ptilatopes Killed i in "Britain that year]. Nat., Dec. 1890, 54- 
G. H. Caron Haicn. Linc, N. 
y Shrike [Zan and ZL. exc wen and Peregrine [ Falco per cerinte) 
in Lincolnshire fete of eos - mer noted, at North Cotes, Tetney, Mar 
Chapel, and G — by, and o Rs the yreeen at mouth of Humber, aca 
18 9-90]. Zool., April sSencie 


oe Linc. N, 
[Sa. Eads eapeaen: § in North Lincolnshire in March [inquiring 
for further eecipuaetng as t r. Harrison’s record]. Zoo!., May 1890, p. 187. 
G. H. Caron Haicu Linc 
Arrival of Fieldlaces {( Zurdus eos is) of Redwings (7. ¢/iacus), 
Grey Crows (Corvus cornix) in the Lincolnshire marshes ; dates given Re th the 
last half nan years ; note also of all. the five common British 7urdz being 
serie . 


re 


Lan a 
Little on Ae std Fecaite on the No rth-Wi Coast [giving extract 
ing 7ringa — “8 killed) and 7. minuta 
ra killed a rea at ame 2 — e, Lancashire, Sep. 7th and 8th, 1876]. 
Field, Oct. 18th, 1890, p. 
ee 
April 1893, 


726. BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. 


JAMES enney Cheviotland. 
Report e Mee of the Berwickshire toh mabe sts’ Clu # for the 
ee 18800 (noting ces garriulus shot at Glanton Pyke, Whaup or Curlew 

e for n Hill; Larus ridibunds and’ aa nies ite at 

Ingram Haugh, 2h i: Corvus corax bred n he s, Linhope, 
shot in Cheviot in the winter; 7z ho 1s mp ae at Linhope 

ns ; : "Ciuc ulus, tle: tda arvensis, V anellus, ieee oe Saxicola, Pratincola 


in 
rubetra, and 7ringotdes noted on the Bre Cypselius, Chelidon 7, and 
Hirundo at Branton ; Phylloscopus ie “06. chil, Vandi hse ‘ulus, Numentus 
pis Ardea cinerea, Alauda arvensis, C. oradrins, Stevan HS 2 tree 

Accipiter n 75uUS, Sylvia a atricapilla ere rea, Phylloscopus silat wes Anthus 
Tringoides, Saxicola, Ruticilla oF ime YUUS aX 
particulars, for various localities in Cheviotland ; Fringilla celebs, Sturnits, 
vi apa grisola ; numerous birds specified th trict of 
< urn (England) and Upper Lidderdale (Scotland), includi 
Pratincole on the dron Bu t dwater, on scoticus and 


Cal rn and on the De 
Tetrao tetrix on Thorlieshope, Gal/inago calestis on Deadw stags a Anas 
aw Hill, and Saxic a u 


Club, for 1889, vol. , No. 3 (pub. 1890), pp. 


H. 5S. HarLanp. Northumberland S. 
e Birds an mmals preserved at Brighton [with mention of the 
Yellow. pipes Warbler salidesar< pa _superitass) captured some fone or 
fifty years ago near Newcastle, rlan ag tee sed to be in 
a private collection} Field, “Feb. Z os ge p- 
ts eps 


HARLAND. York S.W. 

Weasel attacked by [two] pats and [three] fg oi s [(Pica rustica), 

the ‘hawks’ not named; the combat, which began by the Weasel attacking 
a Pheasant, described]. Field, Tah 5th, 1890, p “ 


OBE ARPER. York N.E. 
Notes from Scarborough [anent falco os Le bike Sierien arius parasiticus, 
S. catarrhactes, S. po es torhinus, Met: » Larus marinus, L. glaucius, 

L. minutus, Porzana maruetta, Lanius ha or, cinnamon -co bused Fringilla 
celebs, Puffinus griseus, P. major, Popa som aria lencorrhoa, Colymbus septen- 
trionalis, Podiceps pacer: nil and Muscicapa parva). Zool., Jan. 1890, p- 21. 

R, P. HARPER York N.E. 
Eared Gre be [Pac diceps nigricollis| near Scarborough [one shot Dec. 16th, 
ial Feb oe, rbor coeeh example, although 7. auritis is not uncommon]. 
p- 7 


R. i pants York N.E. 
Little Auk L Meneuias alle] at Scarborough [six examples during the last two 
months ; particulars of capture given]. Zool., April 18 
JoHN Harrison. York Mid: hats 
A Plea for the Starling [(S¢rv: ) 4 
at Wilstrop Hall; and aleds winston ing t he measures taken against Pi pasar 
ni dtecanee in Cheshire and near Wino Nat., Feb. 1890, pp- 45-46; 
thereon, N.H.J., March 15th, 1890, p 
Jagie aia - 
Wheatear [Saxicola enanthe] in North Lincolnshite in en “obi at 
Goxhill, 23rd; earliest date on record]. Zool. » April 1890, p. 
ae Se Berea 


es N. 
Jack Snipe [Limnocryptes gallinula| in North pment 

me *Goxhill ; notice also of Gallinago calestis}. Zool. » June ones p- 

R. C. HEDLEY. Northumberla As 
otes on the which frequent the Hallington Rese: sees a 
Corbridge-on- Tyn Larus ridibundus (a breeding porcen i fase 
L. canus, Seeras fuviatilis, S - cantiaca, Phalacrocorax carbo, Anas hen 


Naturalist,. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. 127 


tg ge OR crecca, Clangula glaucion, Mareca,. Ti — 10 COP nuta, Fuligula 
peri Oh ds idien ci en us, Dafila, Colymbus gla “2 

be pri cinereus, A. seyetum, Cygnus bewickit, ealise, both Wumenit, 
Vanellus, Ardea cinerea, Te otanus calidris, Tringoides, Gallinago celestis, both 
Limose, Tringa alpina, « Sees hiaticu hs Tringa minuta, 7. wchybaptes, 
and Lodiceps nigricollis, no oted, y common, and some regularly yg 


Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. read and Newc., vol. 10, part 2, 1890, p 


WILLIAM ae rk S.E. 
The Sm tl-end pees of Eggs [discussed, with notes on Lomvia 
trotle, elas ee rda, Rissa,and Fratercula, at Flamborough Chis Sci. Goss., 
Dec. 1890, pp. 276-7 
JOHN F. Mitts, ‘acelin Lan or Cheshire. 
Penke th S School Field Club [notes on giate Peacgels oy eke Brook), 
Sylvia rufa (Halton), AVotacilla raii, Parus palus Cuculus, Wirwads, 
Acrocephalus phragmitis, Corvus cornix and Yorn iy taint USEE™ 9 Bae Bee 
I ne - Dye 
Joun F. nang cretary Lanc. S., Cheshire, roe 
Reise i! he Psi id Club Sontaod Srugilegu Us, Li igurinus, Parus ceruleus, 
Colts eculus cristatus, ree Cinclus, Corvus pisilhees lat, 
Pistiober hs and ?. trochilus|. NH ~ Jag pute 15th » 1890, p. go. 
W. Hopcson Cumberland. 
A 6 Wicataer [Saxicola enanthe] in Cumberland [near Workington, 
tie. eo I sth one one, in company with a dozen in ordinary plumage]. Nat., 


7 


Epw. B. Hore York S. a 
White Jay ses wind glandarius| in Yorkshire [one killed at Osgodby ne 
Selby, Nov, 15th, having evaded shooting all through the summer ; Bidets 
tion given]. Field, Nov. 29th, 1890, p. 816. 
H. Kyicur Horsrreip. York Mid W. 
ie catia ah [Pratincola rubicola| at Headingley, Leeds lees 24th Feb., 
1890 ; instance so near Leeds]. Nat., April 1890, p. 

RICHARD Say Durham. 
atalogue’of the Local Fossils in the Museum of the Natural ‘History 
Society [at Neweaste ; includes a record of the Great Auk (4/ ) 
Marsden]. at. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newcastle, * vol. 10, 
part 2 (1890), p ee, 

Henry Hype. Cheshir 

eee ary arvensis noted at an] Excursion to Ashley, for the Bollin Valley 
[on 21st April, 1888]. iy and Trans. Manch. Sci. Stud. Ass. for 1888 
(publ. March 1889), p. 3 
PETER INCHBALD. k S. E, 
y Shrike [Zavius cxcubitor?| near Hornsea [an old fem n_ fine 
Fon es, killed at one _ Hall, ‘ 20th of this rponth? presumably van e "e ield, 
Ist, 1890, p 


PETER apm LD. York N.E. 
ence of the Blue Thrush [.J/outicola gonna) at Scar- 

borough Soscens in company with Zurdus musicus an iscivorus on 
Oliver's Mount; described as thrush-like in appearan ps closely 


oe the blue thrush of Italy and the Riviera ; paar that it may be 
escaped bird]. Field, Oct. 18th, 1890, p. 599. 
Peren INCHBALD, York = oe 
Rock Pipit [4sthus nape, in Holderness [its occurrence in s 
of Speen tine e Oct. 20th, and habits described]. Field, Nov.’ ‘ch, 
’ 


April 1893. 


128 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 18go0. 


{[PereR] INCHBAI ork S.E, 
oe arks peta alpestris| on the East —— [at Nc and 
Spurn, some recently]. Field, Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 746 
PETER INCHBALD York S.E. 
Arrival of Suc ow pg [(Plectrophanes nivalis) in Holderness, pre- 
sumably at Hornsea; a flock of fifty or sixty seen 3rd Nov., 1890]. Field, 
Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 74 
PETER INCHBALD. York S.E. 
Contents of Gizzard of the Rock Pipit Agvet age etd cece bes 
consisted almost wholly of beetles]. Field, Nov 


reef kate ee 4 Man. 
Address of the Retiring mae Bae Aes Isle of Man N. H. S., delivered 
27th March, 1890 ; on the Man 3 gollan-geayee, * fork of the wind’ 
= Swallow (Hiundo rustic ae = the generic term for bird]. Yn 
Lioar Manninagh, No. 5, Jan. cApiit: “SBHeE p p- 155. 
A. W, PORT, Lanc. W. or S., York S.E. and N.E. 
[Numenius phzopus, Tringa alpina, and Larus ridibundus, last in winter 
phinge hook from Presto on by F. ale ae Aled ispida seen from the 
train, near Pocklington, 18th Oct.]. H. J., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 151. 
[Cores cornix at Bootham, York, 30th ras , 1890]. N. H. J., Dec. 15th, 
1890, p. 167. 


P. M. C. KerMope. e 
The Antiquities of the Parish of Bride [Isle of Man; Loughs Cranstall 
and Pherrick harbour Fudlica, Podiceps, * Fen and Abts jferina). Yn 
Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct. 1890, i. 18 
P. M. C. KERMopE [not signed]. Isle of M 
Phenological Observations [giving Manx dates for TZurdus mustcis, 
ZL. merula, Troglodytes, Alauda arvensis, maha Jrugilegus, Saxicola 


wnanthe, Turdus viscivorus, Scolopax rusticola, Hirundo rustica, Vanellus 
vitlearis, Sula bassana, i fier ye! trochilus, becuse, Cotile, Cypselis, 
ie: Rg celebs, and Crex}. n Lioar Mannina by NG: Ap ril_ 1890, 


g 5» 
163. [Dates given for — rusticola, Ti urdus iliacus, ad Corvus 
uk Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 7, Oct t. 1890, i, 198. 


- KNUBLEY York S.W. 
Great Spo otted Woodpecker Seen 8 aes at Liversedge, Yorkshire 
_ [a male, shot Nov. 8th]. Nat., Jan 


J. H. Lecue. Che: 
White Robins [Zrithacus — ula] and Starlin gs [(Sturnus vulgaris) near 
Chester ; the Robins this , the oe at the same place nearly thirty 
years ago]. Field, July 26th; ae 160. 


B. B. L[e}. TLAtr]. York N.E., S.E., Mid W. 
York, Bootham, Natural History, &c., Club [notes anent 4zser (species 
not stated) Emberiza scheniclus, Alcedo, Saxicola enanthe, Totanus caltdrts, 
arus major, Garrulus, Phylloscopus trochilus, Gallinago 
caélestis, Larus, yee cinerea, Corvus Srugilegus, Accipiter piste ws, Pica, 


Acredula ca onl uta, culus cr dita tus, Pyrrhula, Motacilla a oe Cinclus, 
Passer domesticus, i us oliiebas N.H. ra May 15th, 1890, pp. 75- 
BB Lek. York as Ww. 
[Nest ag ‘Tringoide ides hypoleucos near Thorp Arch, apa vith 1890, in 
precisely same spot as in 1889]. N.H.J., Oct. 1 5th, 1890, p 
B.: B. Lela. ik Mi * 
[ — piticis on the infant Aire, near ee N. “ sp Nov. 15th, 
1960, p- 151. 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 129 


RocER Lorrnous hy rk N.E., Durham, 
Bird-Notes ca the Tees District, during the late autumn and winter 
months, 1889-90 [anent the movements and occurrences ap Aa it and ra 
species; Z7ringa alpina, dgialitts diced Sterna fluviatilis, S. macrura, 
Tringa canutus, Tadorna cornuta, Calidris, Tringa subarquata, T. minuta, 
Numenius arquata, gaerapenels crecea, senate lapponica, Strepsilas, 
Hy shee lidon nigra, Sterna cantiaca, Machetes pugnax, Porzana maruetta, 
Ph alacrocorax carbo, Saxicola a wnanthe, Motacilla lugubris, Alauda arvensis, 
Vinsilas vulgarts, Sturnus vulgaris, Lynx, Pastor roseus, Turdus gated 
ZT. wliacus, Corvus cornix and Syrrhaptes. mentioned]. Nat., April 1890, 
8 


PP- 97-99. 
T. A. LorrHouse. York N.E., Durham 
Arrival of Summer Birds [near Middlesbrough ; dates for Phyll ascopus 
rufus, Hirundo, wo, Sylvia atricapilla, Sc besdie tis trockélas, “‘Uotacille raii, and 
Cottle]. Field, Ap. 26th, 1890, p. 594 
CUMMING MACDONA. 
Sig [Tadornea cages, near Liverpool song in pinepse of note by 
that a pair visit Hoylake Golf Links dei o breed, and 
are ey Ka be seen daily} Field, June 14th, 1 prema p. 892. 
Northumberland, bent Cumberland, 
H. A. MACPHERS Westmorland, Lancas hire, Yorkshire. 
The Goldfin finch [a leagthy aad Jats eresting article on th ion in 
numbers and restriction in range of Carduelis since with pee detail as to 
its habits, migration, range, etc., and as to its former abundance and present 
scarcity in Northumber ney Durham Seager loz rescind, Lancashire, 
and Yorkshi 


H. A. MacpHerson. Cumberland. 

Wildfowl on the Solway [scarce, owing to mild winter; Avas boschas, 

Bernicla leucopsis, Dafila, Chdulelasmus, "Spatula, Querguedula crecca, 

Fuligula ferina, F. a zarila, Clangula i a on, Cedemia nigra, 

. fusca relda, Bernicla brenta, Anser segetum, A. brachyrhynchus, 

A. albifron Ake gus merganser, Mergus (sp. not stated), = albellus, 7; adorna 

cornuta, Mir reca, Colyn bus glacialis, and C. septentrionalis mentioned, with 
detail as to Clan zeulal, Field, Jan. 11th, 1890, p. ve 

H. A. MacpHEeRson. umberland, York S.E. 


Storm Petrel [Proce/laria pelagica] in Summer Ma a in 1841 
near Spurn, and elsewhere ; details]. Nat., Feb. 1890 


H. A. MACPHERSON. Cumberland, ge ag 
The Tree ee Sparrow [/asser montanus] in the Lake District ree it sates 
in three stations: near Ho} wtow wn near Kirkoswald ; and in another 
Cumberland t locality i , nidification, ore Nat., 
March 1890, pp. 92-94 
H. A. MacpHeRson. York N.W. 


The Dotterel [Zudromias morinellus]i - Yorkshire [near Dent, and on Woo 
Fell ; extracts from corr rrespondence of T. C. Heysham, about 1831]. Nat., 
March 1890, pp. 95-96. 


H. A. MacpHerson. Cumberland, York S.E. 
The Sg yp invade Gis sii gig a , Cumberland [on the salt- sa a Feb. 
1890 ; gene so on the species are given, and as to its food at 
Spurn]. a April bt pp. I15- er 

—— N.E., Northumberland, 

H. A, aaron incolnshire, Cumberland. 
Auction North of Englan Re (Whitaker's duplicates : 
Ardetta eons Scalby Beck ; prstlasanicin catarrhactes, Scarborough ; 
Pastor roseus, ‘orkshire ; Sterna dou, wgallt and Procellaria pisvien oma coast 
of oe tetbaa berland ; iceps auritus from the Lincolnshire coast ; and 


Loxia bifasiat from Cumberland ; dates and other details given]. Nat., 
___ July 1890, p 
May 1893. 


130 BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. 


H. A. MACPHERSON Lanc. W. and S., Notts., Furness. 
Notes on Birds from Lancashire. Extracted from Letters of the late 
James nga subarguata, Lin 
lapponica, Machetes, Upupa, Ti sired glareola, Laniu excubitor, Mergulus alle, 
Tringa striata, Sguatarola, Calid eg corer nigra, Totanus fuscus, 
nemcheeige ee macrura, plage pheopus, Motacill, a alba, Anthus 


obscurus, Procellaria leucorrhoa all noted near Preston and Ulverston, and 
‘Milous. ‘Gti and Ofzs tetrax near Newark-on-Trent]. Nat., Aug. 1890, 
Pp. 234-236. 

aA. so A Cumberland. 


h k (Totanus glottis) [an interesting account of the bird, 
its habits Gad occurrence on the Solway, etc.]. Field, Sept. 13th, 1890, 
p- 49 


H. A. pachiky SON. Cumberland. 
Spotted Redshank poms “se ise pie in Cumberland {three killed in ee and 
1889]. Nat., Oct. 
H. A. MACPHERSON Cumberland, 


ON rl Furness. 

The Little St tint es minuta) fan interesting and detailed account of 
its occurrence in Cumberland, on the Solway Firth, and its absence from 
Furness and Walney Island ; notes also on 7. sudarguata in Furness, ‘Machetes 
Strepsilas, ads Ti So canutus in their passage across the Pennine Range]. 
Field, Oct. Ol. 


H. A. eck e Cumberland. 
Garganey Srechagesme is akg in ag sonny ne adult female shot on the 
coast, 15th Aug., 1890]. , Nov. 1890, p 


H. A. pages BN pen Ray pity te Cumberland. 
agles in the No mi of England [being r _ “er extracted from the 
‘ Gentleman’s Magazine,’ for — ee in 1751, Ryhope near Sunderland 
in 1765, and ihacohasies in in 1784, a fe tecesding tn the Lake District to 
within the last years of the 18th cena ‘ pala p Nearer and Aaliaétus 
albicilla : _ to}. Nat., Nov. 1890, p 


H. A. MACPHER Cumberland. 

Grey Tiahiieek ogg Bert in Cumberland [and its dates of 

appearance noted i on the coast, 23rd September, 1890]. 
Nat., Nov. 1890, p a 


H. A. nahi ate Westmorland. 
Montagw’ er [Circus cineraceus| in Westmorland [one killed aia 

8 ee r5th ‘Sept -» 1890; has also occurred in Cumberland and on Wal 
Island]. » Nov. 1890, p. oe 


cA. apace Yorkshire, L on Cumberland. 
Shorelarks [Osocorys alpestris] ae Buntings [a general article, with but 
casual eno es to the occurrence of the Shorelark | in a Yor kshire, Lancashire, 

and Cumberland]. Field, Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 745. 
Hea eis dieeied Cumberland. 
Nocturnal eee “ Birds es Cumberland ; flights of 77inga alpina, 
ZT. —. a Sra, Num omy arquata, ni fon tee : Turdus anaes 


A 
field, gers I st ome 


. A. MACPHER Furn 
Shore. Lark (Oto alpestris} on Walney Island [one shot Oct. 1890) 
Nat., Dec. 1 354. 
Hy Aw io. Cumberland. 
B s Swan [(Cygnus bewrcki) and its occurrence in Shamesh was in 
~~ discussed at aan e length; the occurrence of one in 1890, also 
Numenius arquata an beg merganser on the Solway marshes}. 
Field. Dec. 2oth, 1890, Pp- 910-911. 


Pomemmaanneee™ ue 
Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 13t 


H.. SrAPYLTON MARSHALL Cheshire. 
Reported ig eem éf the Cuckoo [Cuculus canorus| in March [on the 
12th at W. near Birkenhead; editor knows no Shikcudaaieh instance 


before hot Fi ield, Match 15th, 1890, p- 399. 
Jas. EARDLEY MASON we tf 
Great Spotted Woodpecker near 9 sah near aug = amar 
female shot at Ailby, 25th Nov., 1889]. ., Jan. 18g0, p 
Jas. EARDLEY eg pt Linc. N 
Storm Petrel [ Pracdlnnis pelagica] near Alford in 1888 [seen _ Nov., 
at Piaihinaine: and killed two days later]. Nat., Feb. 1890, p. 46. 

G. W. Murpocx. Westmorland. 
wallows in March rere — at Kendal on March 16th ; ae 
fermi noted as now in great numbers around Ke ee where t they we 
unknown nie years aguh: Field, March 29th, 1890, p 

G. W. Mu 

dco ut 182 alah rusticola| nesting in the Lake District [at Aadiceis ; 
particulars given ; has also nested at Levens]. Field, April 19th, 1890, p. 587. 
NEWMAN sin AVE. heshire. 
Rainow, gra [notes on esi major, Alcedo, Pica, and 
Chena H. J., Feb. 15th, 1890, p 
a Ey per ead York N.E. 
Great fie a LSeieriery catarrhactes| on the Yorkshire Coast [off Redcar 
known as ‘ Morre ” S. crepidatus and S. par ractcns as ‘ Allans,’ and 
5. Dewilteb hina: as ‘Big Allan’]. Zool., March 1890, p 
THomas H. NELSON. Yo es ‘c ot Dur 
Bird-Notes from Redcar and Tees a for 1889-1 
a 


. 28th 
Cygnus, Phalacrocorax graculus, Podi or " griseigena, Sguatarola helvetica, 
Coccothraustes eulgaris A esting), 77znga minuta, T. subarquata, T. canutus, 
Strepsilas, Sterna wtiaca, Tringa alpina, Stercorarius parasiticus, 
a 2, Corvus 


Ay fe WSIS, 

Staci. o peregrinus (Ingleby in Cleveland), Paster roseus, 
Morus ‘ley ae ula, Lomvia troile, and Dendrocopus major, eanye a 
s Mouth]. Nat., April 1890, pp. 99-100; Zool., April 


T. H. NELson. York N.E. 
tival of the Wheate: ar [(Saxicola enanthe) on sand- a Coatham and 
rue 23rd March, 1890]. Field, April 5th, 1890, p. 500 
ete LSON York N.E, 
Ornith thoio ical Notes from Redcat [correcting an error of Stercorarius 
Ptrasiticus which should be 5S. Ag oh and giving omitted date for 
Mergulus alle}. Zool., May 1890, p. 1 
T. H. Neison, York N.E. 
The ire Naturalists’ Union at Kildale-in-Cleveland [rath July, 
90 ; Turdus musicus, T. viscivorus, T. torquatus, Rutictlla 
ru ritha Sylvia cinerea, Phy Mowe copes rages Ph. tro poem 
é. ji thUS 


b 
: slicus roglody Oris 
fanciers Hirundo, Chelidon, Cotile, Cypselus, Ligurinus, ae calebs, 
Pyrrhula vulgaris, Sturnus, Corvus frugile gus, erage palumd us, Alcedo, 
a : 


: datus, Arde a, 
the occurrence several a - ee Gre eenhow of os Buteo, an 
Falco peregrinus; and a record on good authority (E. Emerson) of 
Daulias in the grounds of Tollesby Hall near  rociconahes Nat., 
= aa 1890, pp. 270-271. 
yr 


132 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 


R. NEWSTEAD. Cheshire. 
The Heron [Ardea cinerea|, and Heronries of Cheshire and North Wales 
[stating two in Cheshire on which information is desired]. Research, March 

90, p. 203. 
Dicry S: W. Nic Notts. 
Reported occurrence of the Black-winged Stilt 7 st ei ae 


near Nottingham an error [the specimen being a foreign skin]. Zoo 
an. I 25. 
CHAS. oe Cheshire. 
k Vole and Short-tailed Vole in North Cheshire [on the increase, 
natural Sentence of decrease of Falco tennunc ce met Zool., March 
1890, Bae 
CHARLES OLDH Cheshire, Lanc. S. 
Ha ches (Co ghvenies vulgaris! and Gree ae {in Cheshine and 
South Lancashire, discussed in detail]. Zool., Den. 1890, p. 46 
R. E. Paton. Cum berland. 


Owl Nesting in a Rookery [at Southwaite Hill, Carlisle; species not 
stated, but editorial note states it was in all probability te. ue , which nests 
upon a platform of sticks ]- Field, June 28th, 1890, p. 9 

JNo. PHILIPSON. Northumberland S., piace 

Address to mee Tyneside aig: Field Club, read 
May 15th, 1 889 Cw ith notes anent t colony of Lerus’ radius at 
Hallington Reservoir, 21st May, 1888 ; oss at Harbottle Tar st Jun 
Tringoides in the vot Wg near Harbot tle: Trin nga canutus on the’ est nea 
ee 12th Sep.]. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. Durh. 
Newc., vol. 10, part 2, 1890, pp. 395 and 405. 

JNO. PHILIPSON. Northumberland S. 
atters of Interest to bes Naturalist [being records of the occurrence 
of Loxia curvirostra in some numbers ; Colas eens at Seaton Burn; 
Machetes at Newhiggist- bytliesSeup June 8th; curious var. of Gallinago 
celestis near Morpeth; several Avchzbeuteo in Worthamber land and one on 
Ne ser = own Moor; and a curious brown Perdix cinerea vical te weer 

. Trans. Northumb, Durh. and Newe., vol. 10, par 1890, 


p- 410. 
Jno. Puitipson. Cheviotland, Northumb. S., Durham, tices eke Lincs. 
Pallas’s Sand Grouse [(Syrr/aptes paradoxus) in No mber and 
Durham ; ae geste account of occurrences in 1888]. Nat. Hist. Trans. 
Northumb. Durh. and Newc., vol. 10, part 2, 1890, pp. 411-414. 
JNo. PHILIPSON, Nor umberland ty Cheviotland, Lanc. ce 


or obnoxiousness to on occurrences of Rookeries ‘a 
Newcastle, on Holy fad. ‘ae "aa monedula also at Ho it Island ; 
notes also from Rossendale, Lancs. (H. Kerr)]. a Hist. hb Northumb. 
Durh. and Newc., vol. 10, pt. 2, 1890, pp. 414-419. 


PS. York N.E. 
axwing [4 mpelis garrulus|and Dotterel [Zudromias morinellus|in Central 
i [particulars of former occurrences given]. Nat., Jan. 1890, p- ee 
G. PULLEN 
White Variety of the hanger ed [( TLurdus merula) neax Derby ; pure el 
Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 
G. PULLEN. Derbyshire. 
Manx Shearwater fie soon anglorum| near Derby [picked — 
at Brailsford, end of August 1890}. Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 
G. PULLEN. 
ceps min Derby [seen on the Derwent, say a minute’s walk 
of arte Market, fe Young Nat. » Dec. 1890, p. 2 
Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 133 


W. Pym York N.E. 
soso Partridges [Perdix cinerea] at a shot [near Whitby], Field, Nov. Ist, 
I 
P. Rav Isle of Man. 
Birdie at Douglas Bay, Isle of Man [being notes on the occurre 
“na eeasteene. Tringa striata, “soning on. ayy L. ridibundus, 
. “fuse L. marinus, Ardea cinerea, Core Nix, Vanellus, and Phala- 
Pilon ghia ulus}. Zool., Sept. 1890, pp. 35% om 
A. R[Awson]. Westmorland and Furness. 
ate of Arrival of the Cuckoo Li. Gurdas ganric), in the Keswick valley, 
2nd oe Saataent Field, May 24th, 1890, p. 772 


A. Rawso ‘Westar orland and Furness. 

Blackbird V3 urdus merula!s Nest in Rhubarb [in ob centre of a plant, 
Windermere]. Field, May 24th, 1890, p. 772. 

got HA. i Northumberland. 


yah ciregrg Naturalists’ Society [notes on the habits of Czcz/us vpothers 
hich in Northumberland uses the nests of Wieias rubetra, Ace 
sian, and Motactlla vati), Research, Feb. 1890, p. 187. 
G. RICHARDSON. York N.E, 
Rooks [Corvus Srugilegus| and Spring — Lo Skelton ; effects of latter 
destructive]. . H. J., March 15th, 1890, p 
— Rosson. Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
ance of the ide copes apus) o Killingworth, near 
Tew scstie-cd ‘Types, 24th Sep., 1890]. i. Goss., 1890, p. 262. 
J. S. ROWNTREE. Cheshire. 
apap meneioe [Chelidon urbica| preparing to pers cia seinerie together 


in large ers between Peel Causeway an ~} ester 
Churdan; ae Sep., 1889; N. H. J., Sep. ish, oa a : 
J. H. Sarer. rk N.E. 


Yo 
With Gun an and Field-glass on Yorkshire Coast [noting dvas boschas, 


= 3 
‘$ 
R 


orna Sera orvus Pee, Co 
livia, C. an Bene smteneey Saxicola enant e, and Coals all at Filey, 
Jan. Ist, 18871, N. H. J., April 15th, 1890, xiv. 40-43. 
J. H. Satter Lanc. S., Cheshire. 
wits chester N otes aren Hirundo, Cypselus, ae, Pippa pipeaete 
vuca, Cuculus, Regulus cri. ee aud rrhula, 
5 net ag Alce elo, and Phasianus). N. #7. gery 4 reek, eenagh p. 
J. H. Satrer and N. NEAvE. Lanc. S., heen 


Manchester Notes Levies Tinnunculus, Hirundo, Turdus pilaris, T. iliacus, 
Pyrrhula, Parus palustris, Turdus musicus, T. visctvorus, 
ajor, PB. a Certhi 


ol 
7 mo. 
Pratensis, Ligurinus, Accentor, Pica, and lant ee N. H. J., April 15th, 
1890, xiv. 56. 
J. H. Satrer, NewMAN NEAVE Cheshire, Lanc. S. 
Manchester Bird-Notes tats Phasianus, Anas = Phylloscopus 
rufus, Motacilla raii, Ph. trochilus, Larus argentatus, Hirundo, Acr aos la 
‘audata, Turdus musicus, and Tringoides]. N.H.J., May : 5th, 1890, p 
J. H. Savrer, N. Nea Derbyshire, aa 
the Derbyshi Boake [of Cheshire, acclesfield ; Vanellus, 
: Pi __ 4a, Gallinago celestis, Turdus resron og ‘dias flavirostris, Cinclius, 
lay 1893. 


134 BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 18g0. 


eee mee Alcedo, Ardea cinerea, Tinnunculus, Cora wnas, 
Numenius arquata, Lagopus scoticus, Anthus pratensis, Charadri: us pluvialis, 
Tetran peat iat ipiter ron rao a treated of in chatty style}. 
zi sal Sep. 15th, 1890, pp. 99-I 
W. SAM Notts. 
yer ee —— Bi id-ake pilaris seen at peta by near Southwell, 
I9th Oct. 1890, a e flock; earliest date for twenty years of careful 
observation ; : ease eone not arrived yet]. Field, ‘Oct. pr 1890, p. 616. 
Hueux Scorr. Dogger Bank.’ 
Water Rail [Rallus aguaticus| at Sea [one came aboard a vessel hove to on 
Dogger Bank, 19th Oct. 1890, during a gale]. Field, Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 746. 
HENRY SEEBO York N.E. 
[Exhibition of Ti urtur or paapene shot 23rd Oct. 1889 at Nab Gutter, a small 
stream running from Oliver’s Mount, Scarborough, sours to the sea ; pen 
given and shooting of paren parva in same locality on same oted]. 
P.Z.S., 6th May, 1890, Part 25, pub. 1899, p. “iS Field, May pe bg per 
p- 708 ; mee June 1890, p. 226. 
. HL. SLATE Cumberland. 
Crosspills (oxi curvirostra] in Cumberland [a large flock on Nov. 30th]. 
Nat., Jan. 1889, p. 24. 
H. H. SLATER York Mid 
The Yo tkshire Records for the Great Black ba biased aeical & itt Picus 
—— ; the Ripley record of 1846 again condemned]. Nat. 1890, 
Pp--3 


Henry H. Siarer York. 
Loxia bifasciata in Yor kshire Searcy of sige published in the 
Naturalist, for Oct. 1889]. Zool., rch 1890, p. 105. 


E. SMITH. Yo rk N.E. 

[Bird-notes for York district; Sy/via pia, Alcedo, Ph Pitieimg tl Sa 
and Sylvia curruca at Askham, 17th Sep =. Trin 4 zdes mn Ings, 
20th Sept.; Fulica and Larus argentat. t Hob Moor, nae pee last 
Hirundo seen 9th Oct. ; last Chelidon, I i3th Oct.; Yurdus pilaris seen 
Ist we N.. H. J., Dec. 15th 67. 

Jos. E. Smir ‘Che shire, Derbyshire, Lanc. S. 

Manchester Notes [anent nest of Gal/inul ge Soni at Gatle 


yl. N. H. 
May 1890, p. 79. Nest of Bf Sng eats fie up Kinde rscout, of 
A coy pen on Cobden Edge, above Stri vente the ear Chorlton 
dates and details given]. N.H rig Det 15th, ei pp- 
Jos. SMITH 


Lan 
A Walk. . Birkdale [Nest of Cote enas found in a rabbit’s oleh) 
H. J., Nov. 15th, 1890, xiv. p. 147. 
C; "3 Gears Cheshire. 
Jackdaw [Coreus monedula) killing Rats [at Northwich, Cheshire} Zool. ; 
Nov. 1890 Ss 
Tuos. Tuciapes Durham. 
——— de IP hylloscopus oe in January [one shot “sou heats , 1890, 
een Blaydon and Scotsw Field, Jan. 25th, 1890, 
Pare THOMPSON. York N.W. 
Unspotted Eggs of the Spotted Elpoatelier [(Muscicapa grisola) at Croft 
Spa]. Field, Aug. 30th, sl - 346, 
Tos, ina Cheviotland. 
Arrival of Fieldfares [(7irdus pilaris); several seen on ie Island, Oct. 7th; 
also a flock rz: Z. tlacus). Field, Oct. 25th, 1890, p. : 
Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. 135 


C. F. THORNEWILL. rbyshire. 
Calendar of Nature, 1889 [for Eervomon, treet district : Phi S given 
for A/auda ph hart at Ashby Road, and for Hirundo rustica, Phylloscopus 
trochilus, igi , Crex, and Acrocephalus paragnits Ann, Rep. Burton- 
on-Trent N, S for year ending 30th Sep., 21, 
Juuran G. Tuck. mn rk N.E. and S.E. 
Seafowl at Scarborough [being notes on St ta troile, Alca torda, Rissa 
arus Ace ea Falco peregrinus, oe corax carbo, Edemia nigr a, 
Larus dooce and #7 seo “ Flamborou ah Cliffs and Filey Brigg, June 
1890]. Zoo Oks. 1890, pp. 385-386. 
juoiRe Turin- York N.E. 


bidwheted orth in Yorkshire [an extract from Dorothy Wordsworth’s 
Thrushes (7urdus musicus) noted singing at Rievaulx soon 
ah aly; 1802]. Yorksh. Notes and Queries, Part 19, April 1890, p. 2 
J. T. TristRAM VALENTINE. Der “te ire. 
ittle Bittern ree ag igh Be — [a male shot at Langwith, 
spring of 1889]. Zool., Sept. 1 357+ 


Epcar R. Walre. inc. N. 

Red-throated Diver [Co/ymbus ee at Alford, Lincs. a — 
taken alive, sae Dec. 1889 ; sent by J. E. Mason]. Nat., "March 1890, 

Epcar R. Wait York fi a 


Great Grey Shrike [Zanius excubitor] at Middleton, ae. [on the 
17th Jan., sels is var. Z. major]. Nat., March 1890, p. 9 


He R. Wait hod S.E. 
orkshire “Na turalists’ bison n at Lowthorpe near Driffield [26th May, 

165: 42 birds, nt resident and 15 migrant, observed, viz., 7zrdus fers ld 

TZ. musicus, merula, Pratincola rubetra, Evithacus, Sylvia curruca, 


S. atricapilla, S hortensis, Regulus cristatus, Phylloscopus trochilus, yee rufus, 
Acrocephalus phragmitis, Locust tella, Accentor modularis, Acredula rosea, 
Ain : : 


arus ceruleus, “) es, Anth (two species), JZ ipa grisola, 
Hirundo, Ch ‘esate Cottle, Ligurinus, Passer domesticus, Fringilla celebs 
Linota ca 3 taria, EB. ¢ 3 Ss, Stu 
Corvus pion sb L Srugilegus, Ala uda aru. s, Cypsel elus, Cuculus, Columba 
palumbus, Phasianus, Perdix, Gallinula, gett and Vanellus|. WNat., 
y am taal 205-20 6. 
Epcar R. York Mid W. 


Binck Shaded Cs Gull [Larus ridibundus| at Walton, near Thorp Arch fs 
ay tok at in ae plumage, with some down, 24th June, 1890]. Nat. 


Epcar R. Ware. York S.W. 
e Naturalists’ Union at — Park June, 1890 ; 

26 resident and 17 migrant birds noted, v a rdus vise AE a é 

. tla, Pratincola rubetra, Ruticil oa gu peg Erithacus, sa 
cinerea, S. hortensis, Phylloscopus Pago wus, Acre alus 
phragmitis, Accentor, Parus major, mae Big Ts ragodyt tes, Motailta 
lugubris, M. raii, Anthus (both), Mu scans risola, lo, Chelidon, 


( 
Cotile, Tieriuis, Passer domesticus, Frin acta calebs, eae itrinelle 
rene Garrulus, Pica, Corvus monedula, C. i Alauda arvensis, 


ee. Cuculus, rf innunculus, Columba palumbus, Phasianus, Crex, 

Gallinula, Fulica, Vanellus, and Tringoides noted, wit wae as to 
nesting of eight of them]. Nat., July and Aug. 896, pp- 

Epcar R. Waite. ves Mid W. 


emarkable Swallow[ Hirundo rustica|s’ Nests at Wilstrop, near York 
{built with ret like those of Martins (Chelidon urbica) under Ren Nat., 
nt Sal, 


May 18 


136 BIBLIOGRAPHY : BIRDS, 1890. 


Joun War ork S.W. and N.W. 
Siaatfig f the Cirl Bunting [Zméeriza sue in 2 rkshire [at Lofthouse 
in 182. and in 1889 near Flushdyke, ey detailed particulars and 
editorial note given]. Nat., May 1 10 
JoHN Warp. k S.W. 


Yor! 
Nesting of the Cirl Bunting [Zmderiza cirius] at Lofthouse, near 
Wakefield [re-affirmed in answer to editorial criticism of former note]. Nat 
ct. 1690, p. 320. 


Joun Warp ork S. 
e — e [ Zurtur Peeserseparsh at Lofthouse near Waketel [a fine 
male 2Ist May, 1890 ; ails given]. Nat., Nov. 1890, p. 335. 
York S. - . E., S.W., Mid W., and N.W., Derbyshire, 
inc. N., hate Lanc. S. and W. Medea: 
JouHN Watson. Furnes , Northumb, = Cheviotland, D 
The Northern tribution at the Dotterel [(Zudromias eoreiidhes 
discussed, and numerous records quoted fro ogor various northern counties 
of En 


ngland; also some most iste oiasine ocisioal notes by various rig ns]. 
estm. Note-Book and Nat. Record, Sep. and Dec. 1889, pp. 162-164, 
and 176-179. 
J. SPENCE WATSON. 


Lan 
oe be. Rtg” Oe Ty at Heaton Mersey near emis: 
H. J., 5th, 1890, p 


S.C, Way. Durham. 
Cat Catching Wildfowl [one at Durham described as adept at catching 
0d ]- Field, Dec. 27th, 1890, p. 948. 


E. W. WEST. York S.W. 
ingular Fatality to a Rook [(Corvus Sragilegus) near Rotherham ; 
enteneled in in a forked branch]. Field, March 8th, 1890, p. 361. 

LEONARD H. WEsT. York N.E. 


se Swift [Cypselus melba] at Scarborough [repetition of record of the 
e he saw near Oliver’s Mount in 1880]. Field, Nov. 1st, 1890, p. 668. 


I r 
Colouring of Eggs [discussed; Zarus argentatus, Lomvia troile, Alea 
torda, all on Yorkshire Cliffs, cited]. Sci. Goss,, Feb. 1890, p. 45. 


J. A. WHELDON E. 


York 
— of Eggs [a certain Guille mot siete qiveid ~ Flamborough 
rae lays white eggs]. Sci. Goss., May 1890, p 


J. WHITA Notts. 
veges Panion a — se ite [one shot in mid-November at Shire 
Oaks]. 1890, p 


J. WHITAKER. Notts. 
Lad of Great Tit Parsi major); near Nottingham]. Zool., March 1890, 


aE ara 


Notts. 
Varieti d Pigeons ees Beas one of Columba palumbus 
in North i Mothct Zool., Oct. 1890, p 


J. WHITAKER. York N.W., 
Arrival of oleae (( Tries flats), Sort, 27th, 1890, near Noubdnene 
when grouse-dri Corva Iso ; earliest dates for Notts. are 


Sept. 12th, i874, and “Sept Hates ee both near Rai th]. Field, 
Soe 77, inworth]. ie 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: BIRDS, 1890. £57 


J. WHITAK Notts. 
a i 42 rival of Jack Snipe Moreenlt/ led gels) at Rainworth, 
-» Sept. Ist, 1867]. Field, Nov. 15th, 1 Pp. 740. 
J. WHITAKER. ot 
Pine Grosbeak a Bag aril in Nottinghamshire (shot 
— 30th Oct., 1890 r Notts., and the sixth authenticated British 
ample]. Zool., Dec. * Saag Be ra} 


J. WHITAKER. 


N 
Pine Grosbeak [Pinicola enucleator| in Notts [one, a male, shot near 
Watnall, date not given; stated to be the sixth British occurrence]. Field, 
Dec. 6th, 1890, p. 850. 
F. B. WHITLOCK. Notts. 


Notes oe the Tree Sparrow [( Passer montanus) as patina in South Notts ; 
and compared with ?. domesticus]. Nat., Feb. 1890, pp. 43-44 
F. B. WHITLOCK. Notts. 
Dunlins [ 7ringa alfina| and Ringed Plovers Cg — in Notts 
[their habits and time of appearance]. Nat., Feb. 1890 
F. B. WHITLOCK \. 
Autumn Bird-Notes from Notts [in 1889; anent Parus caruleus, 
LE major PP. -ader) P. coats, Dendrocial penn: Hagia maruetta, 
Linota rufescens Fringilla montifringilla, Sterna nigra 
S. hirundo, Falco sfeimeat. oak ‘Betas stellar. oT Palin in yen Notts ; 
also some Norfolk notes]. Nat., 1890, p al- 
F. B. WHITLOCK. | Notts. 
Some fu Said Notes on the Tree Sparrow [(/asser —— its habits 
and nidification as observed in Notts; reference also to Ligurinus, Passer 
Diiins and Sylvia porteaisit Nat., May 1890, pp. 155- ti 
F. B. WHITLocx. 
Notes on the Tre cab w [(Passer ee Mb riter 
own N bservations with J. W. Faw ones : peri ie 
with P. domesticus iedioet Nat., Oct. Teee, ps ae 
Chal, B; Ae, : 
Vertebrate Fauna of Langstrothdale, Mid-West Yorkshire oe 
with ene 66 species of birds]. Nat., May aly pp. 135-1 
T. D. WricHrt. Lanc. 2 and Ww. 
Bird-Egg Curiosities [discussed ; reference aera to £: — citrinella, 
SSEr samsicks Turdus mera (Bacup), C fg cus, Linota 
cannabina (Lanca ster), Pica lata (do.), Jisbion, Gallinula chlo we 
Chrysomitris, and Perdix p ae gona near Lancaster]. Sci. 
Jan. 1890, pp. 7-9 
Joun — Lan 
Curious Site for a [Blue] Tit[Parus coruleus]s — iS ate in 
a dione} iron pump; details]. Field, June 21st, 1890, p 
Joun Wrictey. Lanc. S, 
Goosander [J/ergus merganser| in Lancashire [two young males shot at 
Formby, 27th Sep., 1890]. Field, Oct. 4th, 1890, p. 501. 


ERRATUM. 

Mr. Cordeaux calls our geeson to an error in the present instalment of 
Bibliography, at p. 122, wherein the tens of thousands of Shore-larks are 
Tepresented as being on the Sut coast, cat, they were at Heligala: land. 
ee 
May 1803. 


138 


MASSEE’S BRITISH FUNGUS-FLORA. 


aie F dhcp tp A Classified aes book of Mycology. By Gzor 
SSEE: in three volumes, VOL. Price 7s. 6d. Geo. Bell and Sonik 

Uonton 1893. 

The author of this important work is evidently desirous that the 
three volumes shall be in the hands of mycological students in 
readiness for the coming season. No time has been lost in bringing 
out Vol. IL., which, like its predecessor, shows that no efforts have 
been spared in its production. The excellent manner in which the 
descriptions of species have been drawn up leaves nothing to 


latter is included the genus Laccaria, which was originally proposed 
by Berkeley, and is readily distinguished from Clitocybe by its rough 
globose spores and mealy gills. Few changes are perceptible in this 
volume, but it is sufficient to know that the work is up to date and 
reliable. H.T.S 


LO TE—C OLEOPTERA. 


Soronia puncta ds.—Under the bark of a birch-tree in 

wood prorat ors Chapa Allerton and Roundhay I lately came across the very 
rare Soronia punctatissima. Its colour was almost identical with that of the 
d s i i 


roduc 

as follows:—‘ Very local, Shirley ina Es her in a (Power), Darenth, 
Chatham, Combewood, pp es ied — Bely edere, Shiere, Hastings, Isle 
of Wight, Dean Forest, Repton, Sca ough, Live expool district, Dunham Park, 
Stretford, Ronthemhercadk prec ; goal local, Tweed, Tay, and Moray 
districts.,—W. F. BAKER, Leeds, April 25th, ae 


NOTES AND NEWS. 


r colleague, Mr. W. Barwell Turner, F.R.M.S., is having his important 
is 


worthy of its author’s reputation, both as an artist and an algologist, a and we trust 
that any of our readers who wish to be among the subscribers will at once address 
themselves to Mr. James } Miles, iecsahaoal Bond Street, Leeds. 


cimen number ber of ‘Science id Art and ig poe —— which is 
Ss is 
seventh volume an umber, has reache It ha ts of a 
We ore that there are numerous portraits of science teachers and Bi emin 


first of a ‘new series’, a complication which is always better avoided. 
P ys soneets 
Naturalist, 


, 139 
A FEW 
PLANTS OF SOUTH-WEST CUMBERLAND. 


LISTER PETTY, 


Ulverston. 


THESE notes from the Duddon area of South-West Cumberland 
were made some years ago, and, except where otherwise stated, the 
plants are still in the localities where then noticed. Although no 
species here recorded is new to the county, amongst the aliens will 
be found some which are at least uncommon. To my friends, 
especially the Rev. F. A. Malleson, of Broughton-in-Furness, I am 
indebted for plants which they allow me to include, and for this 
permission my thanks are due. Mr. William Hodgson, A.L.S., very 
kindly read my list for me, and to him it owes something, as will be 
seen. 
A. = Alien; N.A. = Naturalised Alien; D. = Denizen; N. = Native. 
Helleborus viridis L. (N.) Near Lady Hall; Rev. F. A. Malleson. 
In a field, close to the hedge, outside the Duddon Woods ; 
Miss M. Whineray. 

From the latter station I saw a specimen just after it was 
gathered. The locality seems to represent Dickinson’s in the 
‘Phytologist,’ 1861, pp. 222 and 286. I can gain no informa- 
tion of the plants ‘7 the Duddon Woods,’ as recorded by 
Mr. Tweddle in Miss Martineau’s ‘Guide to the Lakes,’ ed. of 
1861, repeated in Linton’s ‘Lake Country,’ 1864, and quoted 
by Mr. Baker in his ‘Flora of English Lake District,’ 1885. 
Mr. Hodgson tells me he has ‘seen lists in Mr. Tweddle’s hand- 
writing in which the green hellebore is mentioned as “ growing 
in the Duddon Woods—scarce.”’ This I suppose must settle 
the matter, though the plants have not recently been seen. 

Aquilegia vulgaris L. (N.) Duddon Woods; Rev. F.A. Malleson. 
‘Probably quite indigenous there ;? Mr. W. Hodgson. 

Delphinium Ajacis Reichb. (N.A.) Duddon Woods; Rev. F. A. 
Malleson. ‘Quite naturalised now.’ The only other record for 
the county known to me is in Baker's ‘Flora.’ ‘A weed in a corn 
field at Dean, 1874,’ found by Mr. W. B. Waterfall; in which 
position it was undoubtedly an alien, and is marked as such. 

Meconopsis cambrica Vig. (A.) Beck-foot near a house ; i.e., 
the foot of Logan Beck. 

Corydalis claviculata DC. (N.) Clearings in the woods near 


____ Buckman Brow; Rev. F. A. Malleson and others. 
May 1893. 


140 PETTY: PLANTS OF SOUTH-WEST CUMBERLAND, 


Cardamine amara L. (N.) Duddon Woods, near Beck-foot ; 
Rev. F. A. Malleson. 

Malva moschata L. (N.) On rubbish heaps about the old 
furnace near Duddon Bridge. 

Tilia parvifolia Ehrh. (D.) Duddon Woods; Rev. F. A. Malleson. 

Impatiens noli-metangere L. (D.) Duddon Bridge, as recorded 
by Joseph Robsontin ‘ Phytologist, 1854, p. 2. In the stream 
near the old furnace near Duddon Bridge. 

Euonymus a L. (N.) Duddon Woods and the hedges 
about t 

Cratzgus iidiniate Wallr. (N.) Probably this, but not seen in 
flower. A tree in the Duddon Woods. 

Ribes rubrum L. (D.) High up in the Duddon Woods, above 

igh Duddon. 

Sedum album L. (A.) Thwaites Bridge. 

Drosera anglica Huds. (N.) On Stonstir or Stoneshead Fell, 
with D. rotundifolia (specimen seen by Mr. J. G. Baker). 

Myrrhis odorata Scop. (D.) Road-side and ground about the 
Saw-mills, near Duddon Bridge. (Formerly there was a garden 
here ; the remains of a few old-fashioned perennials still survive.) 

odgson writes :—‘ I have seen old women rub the inside 

of bee-hives with the leaves ; the idea being that the fragrance 
thereby attaching to the “skep” had a sedative influence on 
the insects newly transferred to a fresh home.’ In one part of 
Lancashire (i.e., Leck), I am told that the old oak furniture 
used to be rubbed with the seed-vessels before the seeds were 
quite ripe. The oily nature of the juice thus expressed, and 
the roughness of the seed-vessels giving a most beautiful polish. 
This rubbing was hard work and the plant disliked in con- 
sequence by the young women. 

Linaria Cymbalaria Mill. (A.) At Thwaites, on a wall. 

Mimulus luteus L. (A.) Thoroughly naturalised on the side of 
the Duddon near Duddon Bridge. Not so abundant now as 
on the Lancashire side. 

Narcissus pseudo-narcissus L. (N.) Duddon Woods, as 
recorded by Dickinson in Miss Martineau’s ‘Guide,’ ed. of 1861. 

monroe = oe L. (N.) In the woods at Beck-foot. Locally 
abunda 

Lilium Mathaoon L. (A.) Naturalised on the banks of the 
Duddon ; Mr. J. W. Fawcitt. 

Paris quadrifolia L. (N.) In the woods about the old furnace 
near Duddon Bridge; Rev. F. A. Malleson. 


a citaa cea ota 
Naturalist, 


ZOOPHYTES AND POLYZOA ON THE LINCOLNSHIRE COAST. I4I 


Hymeriophyllum unilaterale Bory. (N.) On rocks in the 
Duddon; Rey. F. A. Malleson. 

Lomaria aplcsat Desv. var. furcans Moore. (N.) Woods at 
Beck-foot. 

Asplenium marinum L. (N.) On the rocks, not far from 
Millom ; Messrs. R. Nelson and Edwards. 

This, by the way, is zo¢ the locality given to me, but it is 
quite near enough. Seemingly it is neither of Mr. Edwin 
Green’s localities in ‘ Phytologist,’ 1861, p. 68 (‘Plants of 
Holborn Hill’). 

Ceterach officinarum Willd. (N.) Ona wall near Thwaites. 
Cystopteris fragilis Bernk. (N.) Formerly rather abundant on 

e walls along the road between Duddon Bridge and the old 

Furnace. Almost extinct there now. 

ee eds Dryopteris Fée. (N.) Duddon Woods. Woods 

eck-foot, near Ulpha, as recorded by Dickinson in Miss 

MAES * Guide,’ ed. 1861. 

oe ee edt oa Fée. (N.) Duddon Woods. Woods 
at B Var. multifida. In the ditches at Beck-foot— 
ate 

Osmunda regalis L. (N.) In the woods and some of the damp 
pastures in this district. Not particularly localised for obvious 
reasons. Not uncommon. 


It may interest Mr. P. H. Grimshaw to know that in 1887 I saw 
the plants given below. They are included because not many people 
besides ourselves have seen them, and they confirm his records. 
Cheiranthus cheiri L. (N.? here) At Calder Abbey. 

Mimulus moschatus. (Garden Alien.) Amongst stones on the 
Calder, near Sellafield. 

Convallaria majalis L. (N.) At Stock Gill. First recorded 
by Joseph Robson in ‘ Phytologist,’ 1854 (‘Plants of Gosforth 
and District’). Robson’s Dale-Garth is only another name for 
Stanley Gill. 


ec, ea AND POLYZOA. 
Zoophytes Polyzoa on the Lincolnshire C oast.—On February 
loth, 1892, Mr. W. ieee obtained for me at Skegness some ‘ sea-weed,’ con- 


a spinosa).—J. tTr-Davy, _ nent of Botany, University of 
California, Berkeley, Cal., U. ‘s. Aw April 6th, 


EROSION OF THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 


Being the Report of the Coast Erosion Committee of the Yorkshire 
Naturalists’ Union for 1 
Ev. E, MAULE nn. M.A, F.G.S., 
Vicar of Wetwang, East eet orate 3; Hon. to the Vorbskirc Naturalists’ Union Coast 
rosion 4 paiietbice: 


Coast EROSION Couierticie. 2 —It sounds brawly—one can almost 
fancy the very waves trembling in their shoes when they heard that 
a band of picked men were about to record their misdeeds, and tell 
them, like Smellfungus, to the world. ‘This Committee,’ says the 
official document, ‘ proposes to observe the present changes and past 
condition of the sea-coast in order to determine the rate of erosion, 
and the influence of the artificial abstraction of shingle or other 
material in that action. 

‘This committee. It reminds one of the story of the cheeky 
boy, who, when asked how many they were in family, replied, ‘ Well, 
if you count the girls, we are seven; but I’m one.’ In fact I am 
the committee and have been so all along, and therefore beg to 
make my report in my own way, no man forbidding me. 

Last year I furnished ‘ Notes of certain Measurements made by 
the Secretary for future reference,’ published in the ‘ Naturalist,’ 
April 1892. This aed I visited some of the stations with the 
following results :— 


SEWERBY. 
yds. ft. ins. 
1.—Original measurement, Jan. 11th, 1889... ae ven 1D 
New June oth, 1892 ... ee s+: $8 0 Oh 
Loos! in 3 years 5 months.. es ane 2° 0 108 
iets Nato 
2 SB measurement, hes I1th, 1889... ree We ek 210 
saath sea, Oe ka lhl ee a tana ie, Si Se 
Low! in 3 years 5 months .. ks ges Selita aed 
SANDS COTTAGE, BRIDLINGTON BAY. : 
ft. ims. 
1.—Original measurement, Aug. 2nd, 1889_ .. os , 44 4 
New Ss June oth, 1892 Pie 2 a eee & Mia 
Loss in 2 years 10 months... ies oe 9 
2, gong measurement, es 2nd, 1889 __... sie pac FOR 
oth, 1892... ae Pane | ey 
Liat in 2 eats romonths... coe ee a5 
Ee, eee 
HILDERTHORPE. 
yds. ft. ins 
2.—Original measurement, Feb. 13th, 1891 .. ae a, 2 
New ss Aug. 23rd, iio. a i oe 
Loss in 1 a G mOOhhs soc ees ee, 
 ermcem nm emananne mtaccometi 


COLE: EROSION OF THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 143 


The above measurements refer to three classes of rocks :— 
(a) Those at Sewerby to a chalk cliff capped with gravel. 
(4) Those at Sands Cottage to Boulder Clay overlaid with gravel 
and lacustrine marl. (c) That at Hilderthorpe to cross-bedded 
sands and laminated clay. The rate of denudation naturally 
increases from (a) to (c). At (a) Sewerby the result gives a loss of 
about 2 ft. and 1} ft. per annum at the two stations respectively. 
At (4) Sands Cottage, of about 34 ft. and 14 ft. per annum, or 
a mean of 23 ft. per annum. At (c) Hilderthorpe, a loss of 7 ft. 
per annum. Hence the cliffs immediately to the south of 
Bridlington Harbour are wearing away some three times faster than 
those to the north. 

JUNE 9TH, 1892.—SEWERBY. a 

A. new station has been selected at Sewerby. Length of hedge, 
from hedge of ring plantation to the cliff top, at the east side of the 
first field east of Sands Road, 511 ft. 5 in. 

AUGUST 5TH, 1892.—EASINGTON. 

At Easington, near Spurn Point, a road runs to the coast; 
a wooden boat-shed has been erected, which, however, is not 
destined to remain many years. Distance from S.E. corner of boat- 
shed (parallel to south side), to edge of cliff, 101 feet 3 inches. 

AUGUST 5TH, 1892.—KILNSEA. 

At Kilnsea there are fortunately some former measurements, 
independently of the well-known data concerning Kilnsea church, 
the chancel of which went in 1826, and the nave in 1833, and the 
remains of whose tower are still visible, at the lowest spring ebbs, 
at a distance of some 240 yards from the present cliff of boulder 
clay. 


a stone inserted in the wall of the Blue Bell Inn, it is 
recorded that the distance from the sea, ie., the cliff top, was 
in 1847, 534 yards. 

On the above date (1892), the distance was found to be 341 yards, 
showing an average loss of over four yards per annum, which has 
been apparently the average loss for the last sixty years. 

ere are some cottages near the Blue Bell Inn, on one of 
which is a similar stone recording a distance of 476 yards from the 
cliff top in 1858. In 1892 the distance was found to be 3434 yards, 
which also gives an average of about four yards per annum. Hence 
the coast of Holderness at its southern extremity is being eroded 
faster than anywhere else. 

The foregoing remarks refer solely to the rate of erosion which 
the Committee has to determine. As to the ‘artificial abstraction of 
May 1893. 


144 NOTES AND NEWS. 


shingle’ and the construction of groins, I can offer my individual 
opinion only, but I do it the more readily as it may call forth some 
expression of support or the contrary. 

As a rule gravel on all coasts is always travelling, and never 
remains long in a place unless stopped artificially. Hence groins 
are most useful, but they must be continuous, and not too far apart. 
If groins cease, the shore to the south of them (on the coast of 
Holderness) suffers more than ever, because the ordinary supply of 
gravel is cut off. The artificial abstraction of gravel is scarcely 
worth naming. A single on-shore gale will remove as much in a day 
as all the carts in six months. The main difficulty is to prevent the 
destruction of the boulder clay cliffs from the percolation of rain- 
water and from frost. Unless this can be done the groins will find 
themselves some day out at sea. 

Erratum.—It has been pointed out to me by Mr. G. Silabon, 
of Hull, that in my last report I imply that Polson himself measured 
the distance of certain churches in Holderness from the edge of the 
cliff. This is partly an error of punctuation. The passage referred 
to (‘ Naturalist,’ p. 104, 1892) should read, ‘Polson, when writing 
his valuable history of Holderness, recorded the distance of certain 
churches from the edge of the cliff in 1786. It is to be presumed 
that the measurements were made, etc.’ 


NOTES AND NEWS. 
Mes: Reeve & Co. have in preparatio ew work on the Paseo h 
Acileate Hymenoptera, from the pen of Mr. awaad clades s, F.L.S., uniform 
ork on the Hemiptera Heteroptera, fost complet tee 


The energetic Berwick algologist , Mr. E. A. L. Batters, B-A., LL.B., F.L.S., 
pg in the A are of Botany’ for June 1892 a paper entitled ‘* Additional Notes 
mn the Mari ne Algz of the Clyde Sea-area,’ extending to eight pages 
pag ok ie notices of numerous species. 


coe 
Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, seas wore activity and aoe ees are by 
© means confined to any single nch of natural hist a paper on 
? 


h , has 
in the August "1892 ‘Je ournal of etaaiy,, giving stations for 
very numerous forms of this difficult g 
ae 
‘Annotated List of gripe Tachinidz,’ another of the useful papers on 
Dipter which have occupied the attention of Mr. R. H. Fit i of Bradfo = has 
—— fin nished, the last Hislaiivent t (published i in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly 
Mice: ” for October a) including (at p. 262) a rc Riso pa sb able of 
the ae pine gener 


Aceon or ie Session Me -92. he v es evidence of a oe oa 
rk, and contains abstracts of several Mhable and interesting g Pape ers. A new 

feature, a oe a a be ajgeagan by the members, is the List of Books 
library, given on pp. 73 a: snd 74: so is a singularly 


Ther 
beantifal frontispiece in the shape of a plhoroprenite reprint of a Sigi//aria pa 
recently in a Ganister quarry at Meanwood, near Leeds. 


pee 


THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN 
GASTROPODS. 


H. WALLIS KEW, 


London 


SLuGs, snails, whelks, etc., as is well known, possess a wonderful 
food-finding faculty. By some means or other they are certainly 
able to detect the presence of substances of which they are fond at 
some little distance. So remarkable indeed is this faculty that the 
creatures have even been credited, on that account, with the 
probable possession of some mysterious special sense in no way 
analogous to any of our senses. Thus Knapp, in 1829, wrote in 
his celebrated ‘ Journal of a Naturalist ’ :— 
No creature seems less qualified to commit the depredations which it does 
than ne garden snail. We grieve to see our fruit mangled and disfigured by 
reatures, but cannot readily comprehend by what means they obtain the 


does a plum, a fig, a nectarine, or other fruit ee to ripen on the wall, and long 
before any sensible odour can be diffused from it, even before an experienced eye 
can detect the approach to maturity, than those patina the slug and the snail, 

will advance from their asylums, though remotely situate, and proceed by very 


i. faculty. . . . If they possess the faculty of este ade in them it must 
eScN tee aire any delicacy we can comprehend. Thus, 
ihetiag human means of comprehension, which appear inadequate, more 


ey ec “tg to be endowed with intelligences for effecting iatentons, 
of which we have no perception, and which we have no capacity for defining. * 
The Rev. J. G. Wood, in 1864, was inclined to agree in this 
view, thinking it probable that the creatures were able to direct 
their course by means of ‘some perceptive power of which we 
Ourselves have no consciousness.’? This, of course, is quite 
Possible; for among the lower animals, as Sir J. Lubbock has 
observed, there may be many senses quite different from ours ; 
and, consequently, the familiar world which surrounds us may be 
a totally different place to such animals, and may be full of 


*(J. L. Knapp], * Journal of a Naturalist,’ 1829, pp. us 

* J, Wood, ‘ Our Garden Friends and Foes,’ 1864, p 
st saad Lubbock, ‘Senses, Instincts, and Intelligence < Pi 1888, p. 192. 
May 1893. 


146 KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 


I think, in assuming that they possess an additional sense for this 
purpose. The powers of sight with which they are usually accredited, 
it 1s true, cannot avail them much; for, though doubtless able to 
distinguish different degrees of light,’ it is doubtful whether they 
possess the power of vision as we understand it, and almost certainly 
they are incapable of distinguishing objects at a distance. But 
in all probability, as most will agree, the creatures find their food by 
sense 


ust e 
that in order to explain o observed facts it would have to be ‘a very 
exquisite sense, beyond any delicacy we can comprehend; but as 
Dr. Sochaczewer has observed, we must not compare the senses of 
invertebrates too critically with those of vertebrates ;? we, Darwin 
held, inherit the power of smell in an enfeebled condition,* and 


in animals as far removed as the gastropoda. Unfortunately, 
however, as far as I am aware, no organ can be pointed out as the 
undoubted seat of the sense in these animals. Generally speaking, 
the osphradium (Spengel’s olfactory organ) is said to be persistent 
in position and nerve-supply throughout the mollusca; but it does 
not appear to have been described in Helix and Limax.* In those 
molluscs, the sense has been variously thought to reside in the 
tentacles, the organ of Semper, and the pedal gland. Cuvier, from 
the nature of the skin, thought that a special organ might not be 
necessary ; and Simroth, more recently, has concluded that the 


it may reside, can hardly be doubted. Facts of the kind 
below have generally been regarded by authors as evidence of its 
existence; and it is perhaps worth mentioning, as showing 


I er 1 
in 1872, carbolic acid, diluted with water 
and sprinkled on the ground, will a¢¢ract and kill large numbers of 


1 Sir J. Lubbock, loc. cit., p. 140. 

* D. Sochaczewer, as quoted in J. R. Micr. Soc., (2), i, 24-55 

* Descent of Man, ed, 2, p. 18. 

+ E. R. Lankester, Art. * Mollusca,’ Encyc. Brit., ed. 9, xvi. (1883), 636, 660. 


5 Cuvier, quoted in Loudon’s ‘Mag. Nat. Hist.,’ iv. (1831), 530; Simroth, quo oted i 
‘ Zoological Record,’ 1876, Moll., p. 65 1881, Moll., p. 14; 1882, Maus is; 1883, ‘Moll, p26 


Naturalist, 


KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 147 


slugs ;' and further, that M. Commandeur, who had been experiment- 
ing with starch and iodine, and had left a jar containing the mixture 
in his garden, found, after three weeks, that dozens of slugs and 
snails had congregated in the jar from all parts of the garden ; 
and, attracted it is supposed by the smell of the iodine, the creatures 
continued to travel to it all the summer long.” 

As Woodward remarked in 1851, slugs are ‘attracted by fungi or 
any odorous substances.’* Mr. Edward Step tells me that he once 
saw, on a hedge-bank bordering Epsom Common, four great grey 
slugs (Zimax maximus) bearing down, full-sail, from as many direc- 
tions, upon a red amanita, Agaricus (Amanita) rubescens. y 
fungi, it has recently been remarked, possess an indescribable damp 
cellar or fungus smell ‘such as slugs delight in.’ 4 

Slugs sometimes, perhaps rarely, enter bee-hives, ee soneait he 8 
the sake of the honey.» They constantly seek out the 
(generally a mixture of treacle and rum) which is commonly parasit 
on tree-trunks for the purpose of attracting nocturnal Lepidoptera.* 
Most Lepidopterists, I suppose, are familiar with the visits of the 
animals ; sometimes they assemble even plentifully, and Mr. Porritt, 
who has been good enough to watch them carefully, tells me that 
they sip the bait with great relish. No doubt, like the Lepidoptera, 
they are attracted to it by scent. The Rev dhe G. Wood, in 1863, 
mentioned that when engaged in ‘sugaring’ he had often been 


Knapp’s belief in a special sense, he added that they were ‘attracted 
apparently by the scent of the sweet mixture, and induced by its odour 
to leave the SAE Dicey! in which they had been cunningly ensconced 
during the day-time.” In Churchyard-bottom Wood, Highgate, 
I have often seen an unusual number of slime-trails about sugar- 
Stains on the bark of the trees. 


* J. M. Hayward, ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1872, p. 1327. 
‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1861, p. 216, quoting a communication published in the ‘ Revue 
Honticole > and see : also ‘Gardeners’ bgp crvacta . (863), 389, 1 Hite gs to Seen perhaps, 
Some st , which at exposed t Highgate, where slugs and snails 
are pee: ai was not visited by man 
* S. P. Woodward, ‘ Manual,’ ed p.'12. 


*C. R. Straton, ‘ Nature,’ xliii. (x8¢0), 9. 


5 See note, signed E. H. R,, referring no doubt to the great grey slug (Limax maximus)— 

“the first time I g one of my hives I mistook it for the tail end of an adder’ —in 
“Science ce Gossip,’ 1882, pp. 237, 262. 

* See, for r instance, ‘ Wood’s Field Naturalists’ Hand ; J. E. Harting (on the 

erat grey slug (Limax maximus), ‘ Zoologist,’ (3), 11, vaeee "a7, a aH. H. Higgins (on the 

ig Linax marginatus), Address to iy a Naturalists’ Fila Club, Jan. 30th, 1891, 


Pune AS Wood, ‘ Iilustrated Natural History,’ ii’. (1863), 407 
May 1893. 


148 KEW : THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 


In the same wood, also, I have repeatedly seen slugs about 
excrement, which they doubtless find in a similar manner; and on 
om 


seen iesing together at the same spot. According to Major Becher, 
slugs are always to be seen, in damp weather, at excrement on the 
road-sides in the Maltese Islands, ' 

The yellow slug (Zimax flavus), Mr. W. A. Gain has shown, is 
very fond of cream, and readily finds it out; so that milk standing 
for cream in cellars or dairies frequented by the slug has to be well 
protected.” As noted by Dr. Binney, this slug makes its presence 
disagreeable in cellars also ‘ by insinuating itself into vessels con- 

and flour An o rw on 


slugs,’ which, in three days, ate every vestige of it.# A remarkable 
assemblage of slugs and snai/s about some hen- -COOPS, the food- ‘pans 
of which contained barley-meal, was described in ‘Science Gossip’ 
in 1867. e Seebonely favourable state of the weather on the 
evening in question, which had followed an unfavourable period, 
probably helps to account fe the very large numbers stated to have 
been seen; but that the animals were attracted by the barley-meal, 
as suggested by the observer, can hardly be doubted :— 

n the 11th of May of the sree year [1867], I was witness, with seven 

extraordi 


and disgusting sight. Snails, with and without shells, —chiefly the long black snail— 
ground. The whole family was called out to witness it, and it was soon found 
entrance to which was about ten yards distant from the coops. A further search 


sities not quite so abundantly infested. The day had been showery, and it followed 


thoi Salt wi 
profusely applied, and the dead bodies were shovelled up next morning. eee these 
creatures attracted by the barley-meal? What sense led them to the coops?* 


1 E. F. Becher, ‘ Journ. of Conch.,’ iv. (1884), 232. 

2 W. A. Gain — 1889, p 

3% A, Binney, ‘Ter trial Air retin Mollusks of the United States,’ ii. (x85), 36. 
+ J. S., ‘Gardeners > Chelate, P- 343- 

5 L., An Invading Army of ween : Sent Gossip,’ 1867, p. 215. Ge tans 

Naturalist, 

i 


KEW : THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS, 149 


Fresh-water snails, also, sometimes congregate in good numbers 
round substances of which they are particularly fond. I remember 
having seen common pond-snails (Zimunea peregra) clustering upon 
fish-heads, etc., which had been thrown into a dirty little stream near 
Louth ;* and a large gathering of Zimnea stagnalis which had come 
together to feed on an old newspaper in a pond on Chislehurst 
Common, ‘so that for the space of about a square foot nothing else 
could be seen,’ was described a few years ago in ‘Science Gossip.’ , 


snails.*| While some plants remain quite untouched, it is often found 
to be nearly impossible to grow others unless the strictest precautions 
are taken. us, a writer in the ‘Garden’ in 1884, dealing with 
the cultivation of alpine plants, remarks that while he had never 
seen a slug eating or even ona plant of Ramondia pyrenaica and 
gentians were never much attacked, the creatures on the other 
hand were always ‘voraciously set’ on Aster alpinus, about the 
most vigorous of all the plants of a genuine alpine character. The 
next most difficult plant in his collection to keep from slugs was 
Phlox divaricata ; and some of the delicate Campanulas, he added, 
such as Campanula zoyst, it was next to impossible to keep.* 

foreman of the Herbaceous Ground in the Royal Gardens, Kew, as 
Mr. J. Burtt Davy informed me in 1891, found it almost impossible 
to grow Mutisia decurrens (a Chilian composite which climbs by 
means of tendrils) because it was so eagerly devoured by the slugs, 


plant had been grown by the wall of Museum No. 1, and had 
flowered well, but it had been protected by a thick layer of cinders 
all round the roots. Farfugium grande is another food-plant which 


' “ Naturalists’ World,’ iii. (1886), 62. 


T. D. A. Cockerell, ‘Science Gossip,’ xxi. (1885), 211. Bivalves, which have 
to assem) Be In a similar manner, have been credited with nea power of peor food ai 
distance. The skull of a fox, placed ina ditch to. soak (the 0 bserver inte nded to clean a ity 
found, after four da n wards 
bari were counted, and we number on the whole skull . could not have been far alae of two 
Message Unless ithe creatures were the ditch, the observer remarked, 
t have efron a a distance to. enjoy ‘the treat.’ ee R. L. King, ‘Pistdium pusillum 
attracted | by the amas of a fox,’ ‘ Zoologist,’ iv. (1846), 1266.) 


* All the slugs of this c country belonging to t robs ceo and Agriolimax, 
I believe, feed reds. on the leaves of phanogams, so sea a great extent ap Se gn ; those 
of eons rere ang genus (Liwaxr) nore ever, subsist mere pcos on lichens, fungi, The 
tree-sing (ZL Te decee cos laiton, ot n by Saisie: carried out by Mr. Gain, is yw most 
gen om robably uae sp Raa 


* See G. eS London's ‘ Mag. Nat. Hist.,’ iv. (1832), 530. 
* J.C. L., ‘Garden,’ xxv. (1884), 206. 


May 38 1893. 


159° KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 


apparently possesses great attractive powers. Some years ago in 
greenhouses in Germany, Mr. G. K. Gude observed that it was 
constantly attacked, the young leaves and shoots being always 
eaten in preference to all other plants growing in the houses, 
which latter, consequently, escaped undamaged. In other houses, how- 
ever, where no Fazfugiums were kept, the slugs nibbled indiscriminately 
at many kinds. Beds of crisp lettuce and cabbage and rows of 
winter celery are resorted to by great numbers of slugs,’ and dahlias 


m 
Mr. T. Baines, a well known and experienced gardener,’ it certainly 
seems clear that the creatures are able to detect the presence of 
the flowers at some little distance :— 


have often observed that a slug will travel over the surface of a pot in 
which is growing a Dendrobium site a Calter, ends be of sinpilas upright plant, 
for a score of times without ever attemptin head of the plant— 
unless it is in bloom, in which case they are certain to find their way straight to 
the flowers ; after which they will descend, and return to some favourite hiding- 
place, often at the opposite end of the house, returning regularly every night to 
feed on the dainty dish, unless measures are taken to cut short their career. + 


Observations of a. surprising character have been made also by 
Mr. Robert Warner, F.L.S. When no other way to the orchids is 
open to the creatures, as he stated in 1880, ‘they crawl up some 
plant or rafter, and by means of a glutinous matter which they. 
exude from their tails they let themselves down to the spikes.’ * 
In 1889 the observer assured me that he had actually seen many 
little sings suspending themselves by slime-threads from the rafters, 
‘descending on the spikes’ of the beautiful Odontoglossum 
t 


in pots surrounded with water, had been lost. It can hardly be 
' supposed, I think, that Li slugs, having tried to approach the 
flowers in the ordinary manner by crawling over the pots and stems 
and finding themselves intercepted by moats of water or collars of 
cotton-wool, would deliberately ascend the rafters for the purpose 
of lowering themselves to the spikes. This would certainly require 


1 T. Baines, ‘Garden,’ v. (1874), 20 
2 Shirley Hibberd, ‘ The Amateur’s ~_ lower sare, 1884, p 
* For memoir and portrait of Baines, see ‘Gardeners’ de . s.), iii. (1875), 180. 


KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN CAREROT EE I5!I 


greater mental activity than can be reasonably looked for in the 
Gastropoda. We can well imagine, however, that, having once 
detected the presence of the flowers, the creatures would instinctively 
endeavour to reach them, and observers familiar with the use of 
slime-threads by slugs will understand that individuals happening to 
crawl along the rafters until immediately above the spikes would be 
likely, in reaching out towards them, to relinquish their hold 
and become: suspended upon threads which would be gradually 
lengthened until the spikes were reached. 

Some of the plants thus specially liable to be sought out and 
eaten are effectually protected, it is significant to note, by the 
presence of other plants or substances the attractive powers of 
which are still greater. This fact is well known to gardeners, etc., 
who commonly practise a system of ‘ counter-feeding.’ Thus, 


small heaps of buckwheat-meal were placed near them. Crops of 
young carrots in frames and rows of dahlias in the open, it is stated, 
escape when young and tender lettuce-plants are thrown down near : 
for when slugs can get lettuces ‘ they invariably leave everything else.” 
So great is the benefit derived in this way that it is even found 
worth while to plant lettuces amongst ‘choice things’ which are 
usually much attacked.2 When about to plant out a bed of dahlias, 
as a well-known gardening author states, it is advisable to plant the 
whole piece with lettuces first; and, he adds, ‘as long as the 
lettuce lasts the snails and slugs will not touch a dahlia.” A writer 
in the ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ many years ago, stated that in a very 
bad slug season he once covered a fifteen-acre wheat field thickly 


damage would almost certainly have been done. As stated in 1846, 
many fields of oats, etc., were completely destroyed by slugs in that 
year and had to be ploughed down and re-sown with tares or barley.’ 
A farmer at Harmondsworth, in 1842, is said to have had cart-loads 
of turnip-leaves scattered over his wheat land, and forty women 
employed to shake the slugs from the leaves in the mornings took 
no less than twenty bushels of them upon forty-two acres in three 
weeks. 


s ts C. C., ‘ Garden,’ xxv. (1884), 
' Casdaneey Magazine,’ xvii. rank 35; and see also xxix. (1886), 297, and ‘Garden, vii, 
(3873) 464. 
* Shirley Hibberd, ‘The Amateur's Flower Garden,’ 1884, p. 285+ 
* J. Trimmer, ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1844, Pp. 44 


503-4- 
® ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1842, p. 56, quoting the ‘ Merthyr Guardian.’ 
May 1803. 


152 KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 


It is interesting to notice, also, that gardeners, who are generally 
much better acquainted with the wonderful food-finding faculty 
possessed by slugs and snails than are most malacologists, regularly 
put down favourite food-substances in order to cause the creatures 
to assemble in given spots so that they may be readily collected and 
destroyed. Cabbage- lettuce- and turnip-leaves, pea-haulm, orange- 
peel, sliced apples, beet-root, potatoes, carrots, turnips, swedes, or 
wurtzels, brewers’ grai ran, bran soaked in greasy pot-liquor, 
stale bread or bran soa akedé in beer, oat- barley- and buckwheat-meal, 
dead slugs, bits of fat meat, milk, strong smelling stale beer, or beer 
mixed with vinegar, beer or porter sweetened with sugar, lard or 
rank butter spread over pieces of board or tile, etc., are among the 
various ‘baits’ recommended by gardeners. Cabbage leaves thus 
used are sometimes warmed and greased,' or, as stated by Loudon, 
they may be rubbed over with the bruised bodies of recently killed 
slugs.* The creatures are found to assemble, often in large numbers, 
round some or all of these substances, so that in the opinion of many 

ardeners or gardening authors the putting down of such baits and the 
collection of the ‘vermin’ therefrom by lantern-light at night-time is 
one of the best ways of keeping the numbers of the animals within 
bounds. In Nicholson’s ‘ Dictionary of Gardening,’ for instance, we 
d the use of baits recommended as one of the most effectual 
remedies which can be directed against the ravages of these pests.” 


distance. The promptitude with which the crushed body of a slug 
is generally found and preyed upon by two or three of its fellows 
has often been remarked upon.* Pea-haulm, as Loudon remarked, 
‘forms a powerful attraction’ ;° and the strong smelling rind of an 
orange, according to another writer, is a great temptation; as many 
as six slugs having been caught on one piece at a time.’ One 
gardener, who used slices of swede turnip as a bait, stated in oe 50 that 
he had thus secured no less than 9,096 slugs and snails, in ten days, 
on about a quarter of an acre of garden ground; the second 
morning’s collection alone yielding 2,056.7 By baiting with cabbage 


1 See for instance Tate's ‘ Land and Freshwater Mollusks,’ 1866, p. 76. 

2 J. C. Loudon, ‘ Suburban Horticulturist,’ 1845, p. 98 

* * Dictionary of Gardening,’ edited by G. Nicholson, A.L.S., iii. (x87), 142. 
+ And see for instance, ‘Garden,’ xxix. (1886), 593. 


* Suburban Horticulturist,’ p. 86 ; and see also, as'to the oe of this bait, J. Wilmot, Trans. 
Hoek Soe., ii. ines 22-43; and R, Gilbert, ‘Garden,’ xvi. (1879 


F. Dobner, ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ and April, 1887 ; ene es — as to the attractive 
eouan of gpa eel, Garden,’ xvii. (1880), 498, and xxiil, (1883), 21 


? T. Colley, ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1850, p. 261. ‘ 
Naturalist, 


KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 153 


leaves 1,700 slugs are said to have been taken in two days.’ One 
writer who had these leaves strewed over a crop of young parsnips, 


used a similar bait (savoy leaves) says that he destroyed 36,423 slugs 
at the leaves (besides 2,000 more killed incidentally) between 
7th October, 1841, and zoth May, 1842. Bran is much in favour 
as a bait. As an observer remarked in 1880, slugs seem to ‘scent 
it from afar and troop to it’; he had seen from twenty to thirty 
assembled round quite a small heap;* and previously another 
observer had remarked that it seemed to attract the creatures from 
all quarters, so that small quantities put down as baits became 
covered with them, ‘often a complete mass.’* Brewers’ grains, 
perhaps, are even more attractive. As stated in 1878, slugs will 
come to a handful of grains ‘from all directions,’ fifteen or twenty 


Pp 
had kept an account of the number thus trapped —_ the season, 
which, in May, had amounted to about 13,000.7 In 1889, the 
creatures’ liking for grains, and in fact for anything soaked in beer, 


s 
a pdivoiinesbis distance to get it.’* Beer or porter sweetened with 
Moist sugar is said to be ‘an effectual trap ;’ and when exposed in 
gardens in small vessels about two inches deep, many slugs and 
Snails, it is stated, drown themselves in it.® A six-inch flower 
saucer, half-filled with skim-milk and filled up with water when the 
milk turned sour, left on the ground on one occasion for four days, 
was found to contain more than 250 slugs, from a quarter of an inch 
to two inches in length, all dead.” It has been suggested, among 
others by Mr. C. T. Musson, that collectors might resort to similar 


? Daniel Harris, ‘ Garden,’ xxii. (1882), 410. 
* J. R., ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1846, p. 451. 
* Estus, ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ 1842, p. 653. 
* E. Jackson, ‘ Garden * (1880), xvii, 34-5. 
% J. Huie, ‘ Garden,’ iy. (1873), 244. 
* J. Garland, ‘ Garden,’ xiii. (1878), 304 
* G. H. W., ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ xiii. (1880), 598; and see also xv. (1881), 339. 
* J., ‘ Journ. of Hort.,’ wage XViil. (1889), 45 
* J. S. Kenway, ‘Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ ao p- 269. 
on C. Roath, ‘ Garden,’ xxii. (1828), 27 


154 KEW : THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 


means for taking shells, using meat, greased sheets of paper, boards, 
etc., as baits. Dr. Sterki has suggested that those who collect small 
shells (the small Hyadinias, Pupas, etc.) might usefully expose heads of 
sheep or other bones with open cavities as baits... Mr. Drummond, 
who was the first or one of the first to find Stexogyra goodallit in 
this country, used to obtain supplies of it from its original habitat 
by placing a few dead worms under a board on the surface of the 
tan of a pine-bed, and in this way numbers were induced to come 
together.” 

Marine gastropods, too, pi etc., often assemble in numbers 
round favourite food. As with slugs wii snails the extreme delicacy 
of their sense of smell praeis enables them to proceed towards 
it from all directions. As stated in Tryon’s Manual, the dog-whelks 
(Wassa) and sea-snails (Vatica) are able to perceive the presence of 
a decaying animal in the water from a great distance.* ‘This faculty 
in the common whelk (Buccinum undatum) is taken advantage of 


t 
According to Cérsted, great numbers of this mollusc and of the almond- 
whelk (/usus antiguus) are taken in the Kattegat in wicker baskets 
baited with dead cod-fish. The baskets are let down on a muddy 
bottom and are soon taken up half-filled with wanes.” On our own 
coasts various kinds of baited nets and baskets ly employed. 
The Grimsby whelk-fishermen, for instance, sink shallow hoa 
baited with fish-offal, in which, as Mr. Holdsworth states, ‘the 
whelks collect in large numbers, and are caught without any 
difficulty.” Another mode is to sink baskets, baited with pieces 


centre for the admission of the whelks.® Horse-flesh, also, is often 
used as a bait.?7 About Harwich trots or long-lines are employed, 
and when hauled up the snoods which are baited with shore-crabs, 
about twenty on each, are found covered with whelks.? These and 

other carnivorous molluscs are often taken in good numbers on 
long-lines baited for catching fish. Such lines, according to 


1 'V. Sterki, ‘Conchologists’ Exchange,’ i, (1887), 67. 
2 See Fleming’s ‘ British Animals,’ 1828, p. 266. 
3 G. W. Tryon, jun., ‘ Manual of # Conchlog; ii, ret 118. 


hall 


* A good many 
5 (Ersted, quoted by Jeffreys, * British Combe: iv. ns 289-290. 
* E. W. H. Holdsworth, ‘ Deep-Sea Fishing,’ 1874, p. 143, 

7 J. C. Wilcocks, ‘ The Sea-fisherman,’ ed. 3, 1875, p. 215. 

* E. W. H. Holdsworth, loc. cit., p. 142. 


scpetonicerrteer Ne 
Naturalist 


KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 155 


Woodward, are laid out at night near the coast and taken up 
next morning, or when used out at sea boats lay by for a few hours, 
and then take them up. Sometimes a bushel of whelks are found 
adhering to the baits of a single line. Some of the scarce Fus?, etc., 
have been obtained in this way.' Jeffreys mentions having received 


banks.? It is interesting to note also that these creatures, Buccinum, 
Nassa, Natica, etc., often find their way into lobster-pots which are 
baited with fish or other animal matter. No doubt they are 
attracted, as Tryon states (of assa), by the smell of the bait. At 
Bognor, Sussex, as Mr. D’Urban informed Woodward, Matica alderi 
and JVatica catena are frequently found in the lobster-pots, ‘which 
they enter to feed upon the bait.’® At St. Margaret’s-at-Cliffe, 
on the Kentish coast, as mentioned in Lovell’s ‘ Edible Mollusca,’ 
many of the lobster-pots when drawn up are found to be baitless 
and full of whelks.6 Many other marine gastropods, doubtless, are 
taken at baits in various parts of the world. ‘The ‘ purple-fish’ of 
the ancients, as mentioned by Aristotle, was allured by putrid 
substances, and approached a bait of that kind ‘as having a sensible 
perception of it at a distance.’7 In Mauritius ground-lines baited 
with pieces of the arms of cuttle-fish aré, or were at one time, 
laid down in deep water for the purpose of attracting olives, etc. 
As Mr. Broderip wrote in 1825, ‘it is the amusement of the place to 
watch over the trim apparatus of lines hung over some sand-bank 
to tempt the various brilliant species of O/’va which there abound, 
or to wait for the more rare approach of the harp-shell, till the rich 
hues of its inhabitant are seen eg ons the clear blue 
waters in the rays of a tropical rising su 

results in many of the above cases, some will perhaps be 
inclined to argue, are likely to be largely accidental. Many 
individuals, of course, both of terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, even 
supposing them to be quite incapable of scenting or detecting their 


es * Woodward’s ‘Manual,’ ed. 4, rep. 1890, p. 140, and see W. C. Hey, ‘ Naturalist,’ x. (1885), 
= 3. 


© Rea 1. 


- 


logy,’ i. (1862), Ixxv., and see also p. xxx 


$i jo8e Loudon’s ‘M at. Flist. ie pds vies 408 ; ‘ British Conchology,’ i. 
(1862) 1 lix: ; Wilcocks’ ‘Sea-fish wae 1875, p. 215. 


* Tryon’s ‘ Manual,’ iv, (1332), 18. 
® Woodward’s ‘ Manual,’ ed. 4, rep. 1890, p. 140. 
°M. S. Lovell, ‘ Edible. eae: ed. 2, lear Pp. 193- 
* Taylor's ‘ Aristotle,’ vi. p. 135. 

= = a Broderip, ‘ Zoological Journal,’ ii. (1825), r99- 


156 KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 


food at a distance, would be certain in many cases to find baits, and 
other favourite food-substances, during their wanderings by mere 
accident ; for in gardens and elsewhere slugs and snails often exist 
in immense numbers, and on favourable nights we see them crawling 
about in all directions ; whelks, etc., in like manner are probably 
very numerous On certain parts of the sea-bottom. Moreover, as 
Mr. Gain suggests, slugs and snails on going out to feed are often 
likely to devour the first suitable food they find, and to retire in the 
morning to the nearest refuge ; from which, in such case, they would 


from various starting-points, of course, would be likely to come 
across the same food; so that we can readily understand that a bait, 
for instance, exposed during several days in the same place, might 

ecome surrounded by quite a number of molluscs, all of which 
might have found it accidentally in the first instance. A similar con- 
sideration applies, probably, in the case of marine gastropods. Slugs, 
it might be remarked, congregate for shelter, often in considerable 
numbers, under pieces of board or tile placed on the ground as traps 
in gardens,’ and, similarly, snails collect in numbers in empty flower- 
pots. These traps, certainly, are accidentally found. It is worth 
mentioning, however, in this connection, that when Mr. Gain placed 
side by side, on bare ground in his garden, a tile affording shelter 
only, and another with orange-peel beneath it as a bait, only seven 
slugs (six garden-slugs, Arion hortensis, and one Arion circumscriptus) 
were taken under the former in three days, while the latter, during 
the same period, yielded seventeen (fourteen garden-slugs, one A7i0# 
circumscriptus, and two field-slugs, Agriolimax agrestis). This experi- 
ment, as far as it goes, seems to show that the bait was scented, and 
it cannot reasonably be doubted, I think, but that gastropods are able to 
scent or in some way perceive their food at least at a little distance. 
Otherwise, as it seems to me, and as already indicated, some of the 


will be remembered, in orchid-houses where slugs do not commonly 
exist in vast numbers. Bee-hives, I suppose, are hardly likely to be 
entered by slugs accidentally. As Mr. Nunneley remarked in 1834; 
slugs are soon attracted in numbers to favourite food ‘even when 
placed at some distance from their accustomed haunts ;’? and 


1 See ‘ Garden,’ v, (1874), 201-2; viii. (1875), 306; and ‘ Gardeners’ Magazine,’ xviii. (1875), 
114, 
2 T, Nunneley, Trans, Leeds Philos. and Lit. Soc., i., p. 74. 


URE 
Naturalist, 


KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 1S] 


Mr. Baines found that the creatures seldom allowed many nights to 
pass before discovering tallow which he put down in _ places 
‘where they were least likely to find it.’ A fact recorded by Jeffreys 
of Fusus antiguus seems to afford conclusive proof that that animal 
possesses the faculty of perceiving its food at a distance, for it is said 
to assemble in large numbers around a bait which is completely 
hidden and inaccessible : 


Quantities of the common ‘almond-whelk’ of dealers in shell- fish (Fusus 


pletely covered with stones, which are piled up like a cairn, partly to prevent the 
carcase being carried away by the tide, and also because the fishermen have 
a scruple about eating shell-fish which have been fed on much carrion. On the 
next turn of the tide the heap of stones is visited and the whelks are found on the 
surface in great numbers, having been apparently attracted by the smell of the 
bait, but unable to get at it.? 

Observations which have been made on various gastropods in 
captivity are sufficient alone, I think, to establish the fact that 
a faculty of the kind indicated is possessed by them. Swammerdam, 
in moving a little fresh food towards the snails which he kept for 
a considerable time in his chamber, found that they ‘immediately 
perceived it by the scent, and crept out of their little shells and 
came to it.’* Mr. James Hardy, in 1845, mentioned having seen 
a black slug, which he had placed in a jug, crawl forward ‘in a direct 
line to some raw. beef ;’* and I have seen various kinds of slugs— 
kept from time to time in glass-jars—approach their food in this 
manner. It is even said to have been shown, I believe by Moquin- 
Tandon, that slugs and snails—frequently seen to ‘proceed in a 
direct line tewards substances of which they are fond ’—will stop or 
change their direction if the substances are removed or put in 
a different place.* That the creatures often find food in captivity 
almost immediately after it is placed in the vessel in which they are 
kept, and much more quickly than could be the case if they found it 
accidentally, has several times been remarked upon. I have often 
noticed this in slugs. Miss Hele, who has kept many kinds of 


‘ T, Baines, ‘ Garden,’ v. (1874), 201-2 

* ‘ British Conchology,’ i. (1862), xxvili-xxix. 

* Swammerdam, ‘ Book of Nature,’ pays transl., p. 49- 
* James Hardy, oe iii. (1845), 10 


® See ‘ Ann. and Mag. Hist.’ (2), ix. aoe 155. 

_ ® Asmall piece of bread: placed at the bottom of a glass-jar, a eas deep, in which we 
Six marsh-slugs (Agriolimax levis),a young Arion ater, and a Limax ‘mus, was 
K in less than ten minutes by four of the marsh-slugs. The Tones did not caged to it in the 

f hour during which I rvation. The Arion had urbed 


rion 
was sulky. When the in, one of the marsh-slugs was in the Nathan ‘ol the jar, 
another on the oi about ecriieeg up, etd ee rest near the top. 

89 


158 KEW: THE FACULTY OF FUOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS. 


snails, has mentioned that as soon as raw beef or mutton is put into 
the house in which a colony of AHyadlinia draparnaldi is living 


into the pans in which snails which feed more generally on plants 
are kept, she tells me, the creatures will always ‘ forsake cabbage or 
wild herbage at once and crowd to the lettuce.’ Dr. Baudon, who 
placed a piece of raw mutton of the size of a hazel-nut under a bell- 
glass in which he kept a large number of glass-shells ( Vitrina 
pellucida), observed that in less than five minutes those in the 
immediate vicinity quitted the leaves on which they were then 
feeding, and from all quarters they were seen marching on, so that 
the mutton became a general rendezvous. One which was feeding 
upon the remains of a cellar-snail (/yadinia cellaria), it is said, 
‘abandoned its victim to satisfy the craving of a newly acquired taste.’ ” 
Mr. W. A. Lloyd, in 1865, mentioned that netted dog-whelks 
(Nassa reticulata) which he kept in a shallow tank usually remained 
buried in the sand quite out of sight; but if a piece of oyster, 
mussel, or meat were drawn over the sand, or even if it were 
touched ever so lightly with the feeding forceps, the points of which 
smelt of food, the creatures would appear above the surface in a few 


placed in the tanks, and these in a few minutes became completely 
covered with the molluscs. It was impossible, in fact, to introduce 
any animal substance, living or dead, into the tank ‘without these 
whelks smelling it, and coming up to see what is to be got.” 

Slugs, etc., it is well known, when they discover favourite food 
will often return to it many times. ‘Che regular return of slugs at 
night from their hiding-places, ‘often at the opposite end of the 
house,’ to feed upon the flowers of orchids has already been referred 
to. Mr. Sherriff Tye, as he informs me, has observed that in green- 
houses’slugs will return to the same place to feed night after night ; 
a slug or slugs, for instance, which he was never able to catch, and 
which probably retired to a safe hiding-place behind the greenhouse 
flue (only used in winter), ‘nightly ravaged about the fronds of 
maiden-hair ferns (Adiantum cuneatum), five pots, for four eye 
The return of slugs many times to feed on the colouring m atter 
some book-covers in a London publishing house is clearly diene 


1 F. M. Hele, ‘ Science Gossip,’ xx. (1884), 115. 
2 Baudon, ‘ _ des Moll. de I'Oise,’ 1862, as quoted by Tate, ‘Land and Freshwater 
Mollusks,’ 1866, 
3 W. A. Lloyd, ‘Science Gossip,” 1865, 259-50. 


peer Ne 
Naturalist, 


KEW: THE FACULTY OF FOOD-FINDING IN GASTROPODS., 159 


by observations recorded by Mr. E. Step, in 1883. The books were 
damaged, almost nightly, during a considerable period, and the slugs 
appear to have proceeded from time to time from secure hiding- 
places, for, though their slime-trails were often observed over the 
books and shelves, the animals themselves, which were carefully 
looked for, were not seen for about twelve months.! Mr. Gain has 
informed me that a yellow slug (Zimax flavus), as shown by its slime- 
trails, came nightly at one time to feed upon cream in his cellar, and it 


s 
the same kind ‘came regularly to a flour bag in which there 
happened to be a ue and, as he added, ‘it was only on my 
going to the bag one night that I found the slug gorging itself on the 
flour, although its slime-track had been observed fresh at intervals 
for upwards of a fortnight.* No doubt in cases of this kind the 
creatures are often largely guided by the scent of their food ; but the 
regular return of a slug to food which might possibly have been dis- 
covered accidentally, it must be noted, does not in itself necessarily 
imply that the food is scented ; for the creature may possibly rely 
upon its own trail or scent, or perhaps, wholly or in part, upon 
memory of direction and locality. The yellow slug which came 
nightly to feed upon cream certainly seems to have directed its 
course more by means of its former trails or by memory than by the 


part of the cellar it was found in the morning soit discon- 
solately’’ in the place where they had formerly sto 

The snail-slugs (Zestacelle), which feed chile on earthworms, 
and are said to hunt them underground, are presumably largely 
guided by scent. 


‘ E. Step, ‘ Science Gossip,’ xix. (1883), 163-164. 


® These cases have already been Sag ie awh m he Journal ; see p. 312 of the volume for 
Mr. iene mentions that fresh lea d lettuce, as he informs me), laid 
down from time to time in the asa that bes th ted might bi attracted to i and cAnED ts 
remained untouc Itish Pp 
for neither the grea’ gr ey sl e yell flavus), the kinds 
Most hkely to occur in a Theda \ idlaap hse: ating much gohcia I for beth leaves. 


f. Musson, Proc. Lin. Soc. N:S for 1890, (2), v. (1891). 893. Mr. Gosse has men- 
one that * Madibvadichisie S€a- saad Gat papillosa, maniets a kept in a aarge = of — 
along with man y kinds of narine a 
Seon returned pe it on being re: moved, sie on being ag: moved it ‘again returned, rien 
from a considerable distance’ (P. H. Gosse, ‘A Nitendo s Rambles on the Devonshire Coast,’ 


1853, pp. 15-6). 


y by gastropods, . Naturalist,’ 1890, pp- 307-318. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 


~ As oa pg PSS =i of Pabheo -on-Tweed, describes 
in ite! ‘joan of Botan ny’ f r Mar a new n e Alga, to —s he 
gives the name of a cecputione repost Aaldde he details on a pla 
doom 


The decease of the Rev. F. O. Mor orris, B.A., the Rector of Nunburnholme 

n the roth of a ebruary ts: at the ripe age of 83, removed from our midst 

a noteworth e. e was a prolific author on various natural history subjects, 
i i and 


ast 
of him appeared in the ‘ Graphic’ aud < Tlustrated London News’ soon 
the news of his dea oe 


By the death of Dr. B. Carrington, which took place at Brighton, on the 18 
January last, British Hepaticology has lost one of its most accomplished cael 
joi . Mia 


At one time resident at Yeadon, ne as joint-author with Prof. Miall 

f ‘A FI f the West Riding of Yorkshire,’ published ut 2, of which he 
wrote the cryptogamic tosses or man ad been resident at Eccles, 
near Manchester, and was president of the Manchester Cryptogamic Society, a 
body which we fear Bi now defunct, although it was one of the most useful 
societies Manchester ever had. Carring n’s great work on Br epaticz 
was still unfinished at the time of his death, but it is hoped that our students of 
this group will take up and carry on the wo some form or other, as indeed 
we believe Mr. W. H. Pearson will do 


The Barnsley Naturalists’ Society have lost a warm friend and ever faithful 
supporter by the death of Mr. W. J. Lancaster, on the 6th of February last, at the 
e ai e 


gs er 
President. _ His interest in the Society can be said to have mcheealy ceased wit 
life, for under his will the Society received a bequest of £100, together with 
a valuable microscope and numerous objects 


We have received the 3rd volume of the ‘Transactions of the Rochdale 
Literary and Scientific Society,’ for 1891-92. From a ty pographical point of 
view the past reflects great oe on the town, as aun ens the literary and 
scientific matter it contains. rst paper is b re S. Smithson, who 
treats of Batr aehospermum and its life-history under the title of ‘Bead Moss.’ 
‘Coal Smoke ursed upon by Mr. ‘f. Stenhouse, F.C.S., ‘ Rochdale 

i i h 


t 
Swedish of cme Hjalmar Stolpe, which is profusely illustrated. There are 
a a sone of articles in the volume which more directly come under our cognisance, 
being more distinctly local tie research. Mr. J. R. Ashworth treats in 
detail on the ‘ Seasonal yore bse ek Sonal - Spring Mill Reservoir’ and 
S. Platt gives ‘Some of the Recent Results of the 
Investigations into Local Bava itic ‘Blocks; ilinsteating spe y a map showing the 
position of Local Erratic Blocks. € proceedings and reports, which bring up 
the rear, show that the "Beete 5 is “ a healthy, active aa flourishing condition. 
g may it continue so! 


N 


Naturalist, 


Sn BWemoriam. 


WILLIAM COLLINGS LUKIS, M.A., F.S.A. 


THE death of the Rey. W. C. Lukis, which occurred at his residence, 
Wath Rectory, near Ripon, on the 7th of December, 1892, removes 
a familiar name from the ranks of Yorkshire archeologists, and one 
who will long be remembered with feelings of deep respect and 
esteem, not only in the county of York, where he lived and worked 
so long, but also by archeologists throughout the whole of Western 
Europe. His tall, erect, manly form, and genial countenance were 
well known for many miles around the ancient city of Ripon, and 
he was certainly one whose friendship it was a pleasure and a delight 
to claim. Mr. Lukis was not only an archeologist of great eminence, 
but he also possessed considerable knowledge of geology, botany, 
and other branches of natural history. He had long been an 
observant traveller in various parts of Europe, Africa, etc., more 
especially in the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Italy, and Algeria ; 
and his writings and researches show that accurate and intimate 
knowledge of those countries, which he acquired from careful 
personal investigations. The deceased gentleman was also an artist 
of considerable power and merit, as many of his works, illustrated 
by his own hand, sufficiently testify. 

He was born on April 8th, 1817, in the Island of Guernsey, and 
was the third son of Colonel Frederick Corben Lukis, by Elizabeth, 
youngest daughter of Mr. John Collings, of Guernsey. From his 
father, who was also an archeologist of some distinction, Mr. Lukis 
inherited a taste for natural science, which he pursued at Cambridge, 
under Professors Henslow and Sedgwick, and the writer has frequently 
heard him dilate on the benefits he derived from his connection 
with those far-famed scientists. He received his early education in 
Guernsey, afterwards in France, and at Blackheath, under the 
mastership of the Rey. Sanderson Tennant, whilst in January 1840, 
he graduated in honours at Trinity College, Cambridge. Twelve 
months later he was ordained at Salisbury, by Bishop Denison, and 
licensed to the curacy of Bradford-on-Avon (of which parish the 
late Canon Harvey, formerly private tutor to Prince George, now 
Duke of Cambridge, was then vicar.) In the year 1845 he 
Was appointed chaplain to the Marquis of Ailesbury, who also 
Successively presented to him the livings of Great Bedwyn, Wilts, 
in 1850; Collingbourne Ducis, Wilts, in 1855; and Wath, near 
Ripon, in 1861, which latter he held up to the time of his 
death, At Wath, Mr. Lukis was instrumental in restoring the 
a ey 


L 


162 IN MEMORIAM—WILLIAM COLLINGS LUKIS. 


old parish church, repairing the rectory, and enlarging the schools. 
He also filled the office of Rural Dean for eleven years in Wiltshire 
and six in Yorkshire, Whilst resident at Cambridge, he was one of 
the earliest members of and contributors to the Camden Society, 
then newly formed; and when-living at Bradford-on-Avon, he 
published a quarto volume on ‘ Ancient Church Plate,’ and a few 
years later, two pamphlets on the necessity of looking into the 
condition of Church Bells, with a view to their preservation, and 
also the security of Church Towers. In 1855, the deceased gentle- 
man read a paper before the members of the Wilts Archzeological 
Society, which was subsequently published under the title of ‘An 
Account of Church Bells, etc.’ He was a frequent contributor 
to the journals of the Archzological Institute, of the British 
Archeological Association, and of other kindred societies. 

n 1847, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of 
Northern Antiquaries, Copenhagen; in 1853, a Fellow of the 
Society of Antiquaries, London; and in 1867, a member of the 
Société Archéologique de Nantes, at whose meetings he read papers 
which were printed in the Society’s Bulletin. In 1872, he was elected 
a corresponding member of the Société de Climatologie Algerienne. 

In 1875, he published a guide to the barrows and other prehistoric 
monuments of South Brittany, and contributed numerous reviews of 
archzological works to the columns of the ‘ Athenzeum,’ whilst from 
time to time he was a practical barrow digger in Wiltshire and 
Yorkshire. His first diggings were in the Guernsey Cromlechs, 
afterwards in Brittany, the Netherlands, and elsewhere. 

The Society of Antiquaries, London, published his scale plans 
of rude stone monuments, with descriptive text. In 1871, he read 
a paper before the members of the Ripon Scientific Society, of 
which he was long an active member, on the Maison de Dieu 
Hospital, at Ripon. He also contributed to the Yorkshire 
Archeological and Topographical Journal a paper on Anglo-Saxon 
graves on Howe Hill, in the parish of Burneston (North Yorkshire). 
In July 1874, the Royal Archeological Institute, in conjunction 
with the Yorkshire Archeological and Topographical Society, held 
meetings at Ripon, and visited amongst other places, Castle Dykes, 
near North Stainley, where Mr. Lukis read a paper, giving an 
account of the excavations and the relics which he, in conjunction 
with — Heslington, Sharpin, and Hebden, of Ripon, had 
act ther 

s also edited for the Surtees Society, Dr. William 

Srukéley’ s "Diaries and Letters, published in three volumes ; and 
when the Ripon Millenary Festival was celebrated, in 1886, he was 
Dslr 

Naturalist, 


IN MEMORIAM—WILLIAM COLLINGS LUKIS, 163 


an active member of the committee which was formed to carry out 
the arrangements, and wrote an interesting paper entitled, *‘ Ancient 
Ripon,’ since included in Mr. W. Harrison’s ‘ Millenary Record,’ 
a beautifully illustrated volume, published in 1892. Amongst other 
works, the deceased gentleman was the author of ‘Danish 
Cromlechs and Burial Customs,’ ‘Certain Peculiarities in the Con- 
struction of Chambered Tumuli,’ ‘On Flint Implements found in 
Tumuli in A parish of Wath,’ etc., etc. 

- Lu who was a prominent Freemason, and a Justice of 
the Peace oe Wiltshire, married Lucy Adelaide, daughter o 
Admiral Sir Thomas Fellowes, who survives her husband, and b 
whom he had issue, nine children, two sons and four daughters only 
surviving, the second daughter being the wife of Mr. H.C. Bickersteth, 
J.P., of Ripon (a son of the late Bishop of Ripon). One son 
is in Waceste” ey the other in Ceylon, For a portion of the above 
yvens the writer is indebted to the ‘ Biograph and Review’ for 
July 18 

hal sifted authoress, Katherine S. Macquoid, in her interesting 

volume, ‘ About Yorkshire,’ thus describes her visit to Wath a few 
years ago :— 

drove back to Wath and spent a pleasant evening with our hospitable 
friends (Mr. and Mrs. Lukis), who showed us the carefully restored Church, 
There is some curious Saxon sculptured work, there are also fragments of stone 


treasures of the Church ; there is a slit in the wall through which he could see the 
high altar and watch the light burning before it. The church doors were barred 
within by means of a wooden beam which, when not in use, slid into a hole in 
the door jamb ; it is therefore evident gait age secured the door must have 
dwelt within the buildin: ng. This view was not originated by Mr. Lukis, but he 
considers that it solves the puzzle of the cell ps "Tanteld (three miles from Wath), 
and that the method of securing church doors from within the building is a strong 
argument in its favour, There is also a curious double piscina in Wath church. 
It is to be regretted that Tanfield was not restored with the learning and reverence 
that have been shown at Wath 

A committee has recently been formed, under the chairmanship 
of Sir Reginald Graham, Bart., of Norton Conyers (which is close 
to Wath, and where the talented authoress of ‘Jane Eyre’ at one 
time resided), for the purpose of placing in Wath Church a stained- 
glass ee or some other lasting memorial of the late much 
€steemed rec 
ane reans of Mr. Lukis were interred on Saturday, Dec. roth, 
in the ancient graveyard at Wath (where he had laboured so long 
and my), in the presence of a large gathering of parishioners 
June 28. 


164 BAe 3 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 


and others from a distance, whilst letters expressive of deep 
sympathy were received from the Bishops of Richmond and Ripon,’ 
the Marquis of Ripon, and numerous other friends who were 
unable to take part in paying their last tribute of respect to the 
memory of one who was so ripe a scholar, so kind a friend, and of 
whom it may be truly recorded— 
He seemed the thing he was, a joined 
Each office of the social hou 
To noble manners, as the Sue 
And native growth of noble mind. 
BaLvErsByY, S.O., YORKSHIRE. W.. GREGSON. 


NOTE—MOSSES. 


Uncommon Mos r Market Weigh igh ef a hundred years 
ago Mr. 2 Teesdale acordad in the Transactions of the Linnean Reyes the: 
‘eccurrence of Sys gown Yip ti (Hedw.) a at Beverley; last month I found a pat 
of it growing on the banks of our hee sed reservoir, thus giving it an additional: 
ocality as an ay "Riding —J. J. MarsHatt, Market Weighton, 
April 4th, 1893 : 


NOTE—BOTANY. 


Early and Late.—An instance of the freaks naar by the extraordinary. 
spell of hot spring weather was one noticed near Settle on en 12th April. My sister 
(Miss Thompson, of Settle) and I inspec’ ants by a cepa . oe ~ Va lley 
(Convallaria majalis L.), and discovered o: r two 
later we found a fine Snowdrop a Wake jail L \ i af a pee Diet van ip nile the 

crags. —F. ood, Notts, April 21st, 1893. 
bout ng this year many pias eat “owerng three weeks earlier than 
sual ‘Pe of Hawthorn was in flower the last week in April. was 
Ch estnut Sunday 3 in Bushey Park on April aout a thing which rete not happened 
for thirty years.—J. G. B 


NOTES—MAMMALLIA. 
ear Market Weighto on.—On March 21st, Mr. Dunhill and som 


fri rni Arr ar M 

they unearthed a fine old dog penta (Meles taxus), _— , after a very fierce 

pepe they succeeded in uring. The Badger weighed 22 Ibs.—J. J+: 
HALL, Market Weighton, March 28th, cde 


Badger in East Yorks e last week of March, aS 
Mr. Mactall, ra Cottam, on the high Wolds i in vie vedo hood of Dri Driffield, 
w 


: ear e 
the chase, joined in, and eventually there was a field of seven or eight. When: 
near the monument the strange animal turned and headed back to Cottam, where 
it fell a o the after a run of eight miles. The dogs were beaten off, 
a 


inct in part of the country. Thijs rare trophy of the chase has been sent- 
to a taxide: rmist to be stuffed—J, J. MARSHALL, | Market ight 
April 1st, 1893. — : 


165 


ADDITIONS TO THE LICHEN FLORA OF THE 
WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. 


ABRAHAM SHACKLETON, ann THOMAS HEBDEN, 
Braithwaite, Keighley. Cullingworth, 


In the ‘ Flora of West Yorkshire’ by Mr. F. Arnold Lees it is stated 
that the sum total of West Yorkshire Lichens amounts to 258 
species, and, ‘compared with the known British species, the 
percentage of the whole is still far below that which the Mosses, 
Hepatics—and even the Fungi—show us,’ anid that ‘ West Yorkshire 
should, surely, nourish three hundred forms.’ 

Since the publication of that work we have conjointly worked at 
infrequent intervals, during short holiday excursions, a few of the 
more accessible districts of North West Yorkshire, chiefly in the 
upper. watersheds of the rivers Ribble, Aire, and Wharfe. 

We now offer this additional list, not as an exhaustive one, but 
as a contribution towards the whole. 

Those species found in a different drainage area to that 
mentioned in ‘ The Flora,’ appear for the sake of their geographical 
distribution, or if occurring upon a different substratum are also 
named. ; 

Doubtful. species have been referred to Dr. Nylander, of Paris, 
to whom we tender our sincere thanks for his kindness in examining 
such species. 

Forms new to West Yorkshire have an asterisk prefixed. 


Fam. I1.—COLLEMACEI. 


I. COLLEMEI. 
Coliema cheileum Ach. A. Cononley. Harden. 
*“Collema granuliferum Nyl. W. Bolton Abbey. 


*Collema polycarpon Scher. L. Clapham. A. Malham. 
WV. Grassington. 

Collema multipartitum Sm. L. Clapham. A. Malham, in 
fruit. 


Leptogium sinuatum Huds. W. Draughton ; the Strid. 

*Leptogium schraderi Bernh. A. Malham; Gordgle: Malham 
Tarn, on decaying limestone scars. 

June 1893. 


166 SHACKLETON AND HEBDEN: ADDITIONS TO LICHEN FLORA. 
Fam. I1,—LICHENA CEI. 
Th GAEL ey 


ae euspora Nyl. (=Calicium septatum Leight.). 
. Bolton Woods, on thallus of Stigmatidium crassum. 


III. SPHAROPHOREI. 
Sphzrophoron fragile Pers. W. Grassington. 
IV. BAOMYCEL 
Icmadophila zruginosus Scop. (= Bcomyces icmadophilus 
Ehrh.). W. Strid. 
V. CLADONIEI. 
Cladonia pyxidata form. chlorophora Fik. A. Culling- 
turf. 


worth, on 
Cladonia macilenta form. polydactyla Fik. A. Sandy Lane, 
Allerton. 


‘VIII. RAMALINEL 


*Ramalina fraxinea form. ampliata Ach. W. Bolton Woods. 


*Ramalina subfarinacea Nyl. L. Clapham. 
X. PELTIGEREI. 
Peltigera rufescens Hoffm. L. Clapham. 
XI. PARMELIEI. 
Parmelia borreri Turn. R. Stackhouse, Settle. W. Grass 
Wood. A. Malham. 
Parmelia conspersa Ehrh. A. Howden Rough, near Keighley. 
Parmelia mougeotti Sch. A. Riveoak Edge, near Keighley ; 
Harden Moor, near Keighley. 
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. <A. Gordale. 
Parmelia fuliginosa Fr. L. Clapham, in fruit. A. Malham ; 
Skipton ; Kildwick. 
*Physcia venusta Ach. R. Giggleswick Scar. 
*Physcia czsia Hoffm. R. Settle. A. Malham. 
Physcia obscura var. virella Ach. A. Draughton Road, 
Skipton, fruit; Halifax Road, Flappit, Keighley; on stone 
walls. 


Physcia pityrea Ach. R. Stackhouse, Settle. 
*Physcia melops Duf. A. Broughton to Skipton, on stone walls. 
Vide ‘Addenda Nova ad Lichenographiam Europzam,’ Dr 


Nylander, No. 374. 
Natural 


SHACKLETON AND HEBDEN: ADDITIONS TO LICHEN FLORA. 167 
XII. GYROPHOREL. 
*Umbilicaria cylindrica Ach. L. Whernside. 
Umbilicaria erosa Ach. lL. Whernside. 


Umbilicaria polyrhiza L. A. Riveoak Edge, near Keighley ; 
Harden Moor; near Keighley. 


XII. LECANOREI. 


*Pannaria triptophylla Nyl. A. Malham. 

Leproloma lanuginosum Ach. A. Harden to Bingley, common. 
Placodium murorum Hoff. L. Clapham. 

*Placodium dissidens Nyl. L. Clapham. 

*Placodium sympagea Ach. (Nyl.). L. Clapham. 
*Placodium cirrochorea Nyl. L. Clapham. 

*Placodium lobulatum Smf. L. Clapham. 

Lecanora citrina Ach. A. Malham. 

*Lecanora crenulatella Nyl. L. Clapham Railway Station. 
(See ‘ Naturalist,’ 1886, page 374.) . 

Lecanora ochracea Sch. 1. Clapham. 

Lecanora cerina Ehrh. A. Malham. 

Lecanora cerina var. fusca Mass. A. Malham. 

Lecanora pyracea Ach. L. Whernside, on stone. 

Lecanora candicans Dicks. W. Bolton Woods. 

*Lecanora chalybea Duf. A. Malham Tarn. 

*Lecanora galactina Ach. A. Cullingworth. R. Settle. 

Lecanora dispersa Pers. A. Cullingworth. 

*Lecanora livida Ach. A. Malham Tarn. 

*Lecanora aghardiana Ach. L. Clapham.  R.J Settle. 
A. Malham. 

Lecanora intricata Sch. L. Near Clapham Station; Whernside. 
*“Lecanora erysibe Ach. A. Malham. 

Lecanora badia Ach. A. Harden Moor; Riveoak Edge. 
*Lecanora picea Dicks. A. Morton; Riveoak Edge. 
*Lecanora atriseda Fr. A. Harden Moor. 

Lecanora ventosa L. A. Riveoak Edge. 

Lecanora tartarea. L. Near Wharf, on trees. 

“Lecanora cinerea L. L. Clapham. 
*Lecanora calcarea var. contorta Hffm. A. Gordale. 
* 


Ora verrucosa Ach. W. Grass Wood. 
June 1893. 


168 SHACKLETON AND’ HEBDEN: ADDITIONS TO LICHEN. FLORA. 


*Lecanora pruinosa Sm. A. Braithwaite; Cullingworth, common 
n mortar on wall tops. 
*Lecanora privigna Ach. W. Bolton Woods. 
*Lecanora squamulosa Sch. A. Braithwaite ; Cullingworth. 
*Lecanora smaragdula Whinb. A. ‘Braithwaite. 
*Lecanora discreta Ach. A. Harden Moor. 
*Pertusaria communis var. rupestris DC. L. Whernside. 
Pertusaria amara Ach. W. Grass Wood. 
*Pertusaria pustulata Ach. W. Bolton Woods. 
*Pertusaria leioplaca Ach. W. Bolton Woods. A. Collected 
near Keighley in three localities, in year 1817 ; now extinct. 
XIV. LECIDEINEI. 
*Lecidea atro-rufa Dicks. A. Flappit, near Keighley, on mud 
n niches of walls. 
Lecidea lurida Ach. L. Norber; Clapham. 
*Lecidea fuliginosa Tay. L. Clapham. 
*Lecidea subfurva Nyl. A. Malham. 
*Lecidea periplaca Nyl. A. Broughton; Skipton. 
Lecidea ochracea Hepp. A. Malham. 
*Lecidea enteroleuca Ach. A. Malham. R. Settle. 
*Lecidea uliginosa var. humosa Leight. A. Keighley Moor. 
*Lecidea mesotropiza Nyl. L. Clapham. 
*Lecidea aglza Smmrf. L. Whernside. 
*Lecidea mollis Whlinb. L. Whernside. 
*Lecidea tenebrica Nyl. A. Malham. 
Lecidea coarctata Sm. A. Cullingworth. 
*Lecidea mesotropoides Nyl. L. Clapham. 
*“Lecidea kochiana Sch. L. Whernside. 
*Lecidea lapicida Fr. A. Malham. L. Clapham. 
Lecidea lithophila Ach. A. Riveoak Edge; Cullingworth. 
*Lecidea plana Lahm. UL. Whernside. A. Riveoak Edge; 
Cullingworth. 
Lecidea rivulosa Ach. L. Whernside. 
*Lecidea coriacella Nyl. L. Whernside; Clapham. 
*Lecidea lithophiliza Nyl. A. Riveoak Edge. L. Whernside. 
*Lecidea interludens Nyl. A. Collected at Kildwick in 
1818 


“Lecidea luteo-atra Nyl.. A. Malham. 
Lecidea lactea Fik. L. Clapham. 
Naturalist, 


SHACKLETON AND HEBDEN : ADDITIONS TO LICHEN FLORA, 169 


“Lecidea rubidula Nyl. A. Malham, 
Lecidea confluens Web. L. Clapham. 
*Lecidea confluens form. levigata Leight. A. Malham. 
*Lecidea sorediza Nyl. L. Clapham. 
*Lecidea contigua form. pustulata Leight. A. Harden Moor. 
*Lecidea cyaniza Nyl. A. Harden Moor. See Nyl., Addenda, 
No. 11 
*Lecidea gelatinosa Flk.. A. Harden Moor. 
“Lecidea metzleri Korb. -A. Malham. 
Lecidea calcivora Ehrh. A. Malham. 
*Lecidea taylori Salw. L. Clapham. 
*Lecidea verruculosa Borr. A. Malham. 
*Lecidea disciformis Fr. A. Malham. Collected at Keighley, 
year Torr ; now extinct. 
*Lecidea myriocarpa form. quercicola Rabh. A. Broughton, 
near Ipton. 
*Lecidea myriocarpa form. areolata Leight. A. Malham, on 
sandstone. : 
*Lecidea interpolata Stirt. R. Giggleswick. 
*Lecidea candida Web. L. Clapham. 
*Lecidea subnigrata Nyl. A. Malham. 
*Lecidea lenticularis Ach. R. Stackhouse, near Settle. 
Lecidea tricolor With. W. Bolton Woods. 
*Lecidea prasiniza Nyl. W. Grass Wood. 
*Lecidea lutosa Mont. A. Cullingworth; Riveoak Edge. 
*Lecidea cyrtella Ach. A. Malham, on limestone. 
“Lecidea ehrhartiana Ach. W. Grass Wood. 
*“Lecidea carbonacea Anzi. R. Ribblehead; Horton. 
A. Malham 


“Lecidea aromatica Sm. A. Skipton to Embsay. 

*Lecidea meleena Nyl. R. Ribblehead. 

Lecidea sphzroides Dicks. R. Lynn Gill. 

*Lecidea sabuletorum Fik. A. Common on dead mosses on 
walls. W. Strid, on living Zhamnium alopocurum. 

“Lecidea dufourii Ach. W. Bolton Woods. R. Ribble Head. 

Lecidea muscorum Sw. L. Clapham. 

Lecidea geographica form. atro-virens L. A. Harden Moor. 

“Lecidea obscurata Ach. R. Horton. L. Clapham. 

Lecidea lavata Fr. L. Clapham. 


June 1893 1893 


170 SHACKLETON AND HEBDEN: ADDITIONS TO LICHEN FLORA, 


*Lecidea parapetrza Nyl. A. Harden Moor; Malham. 
*Lecidea excentrica Ach. A. Malham. L. Clapham. 
*Lecidea flotovii Korb. W. Bolton Woods. 
XV. GRAPHIDEI. 
Graphis scripta var. varia Ach. A. Malham. 
*Opegrapha lyncea Sm. W. Bolton Woods. 
*Opegrapha atra var. arthonoidea Leight. R. Giggleswick Scar. 
*Opegrapha amphotera Nyl. W. Bolton Woods ; Grass Wood. 
A. Malham. 
*Opegrapha vulgata var. stenocarpa Ach. R. Giggleswick. 
Stigmatidium crassum Dub. W. Bolton Woods. 
*Arthonia lurida Ach. W. Bolton Woods. 
*Arthonia punctiformis Ach. A. Broughton, near Skipton. 
*Arthonia astroidea Ach. A. Malham. R. Settle. 
XVI. PYRENOCARPI. 
Normandina letevirens T.& B. L. Whernside. 
Endocarpon rufescens Ach. A. Gordale Scar. 
*Endocarpon lachneum Ach. R. Giggleswick Scar. 
Verrucaria mauroides Scher. R. Giggleswick. A. Malham. 
L. Clapham. 
Verrucaria viridula Ach. L. Clapham. 
*Verrucaria plumbea Ach. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria microsporoides Nyl. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria glaucina Ach. W. Grassington. 
*Verrucaria canella Nyl. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria aethibola Whinb. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria hydrela Ach. A. Braithwaite, Keighley. 
*Verrucaria cataleptoides Nyl. form.ferruginosa. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria mutabilis Borr. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria muralis Ach. A. Common on mortar on old walls. 
*Verrucaria peloclita Nyl. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria peloclita form. continuella Nyl. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria macrostoma form. aphanostoma Duf. A. Culling- 
worth ; Malsis ; Crosshills. 
*Verrucaria myriocarpa Hepp. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria limitata Kphb. A. Malham. 
*Verrucaria malhamensis Nyl. A. Malham (See ‘Naturalist,’ 
January, 1892). leer 
Naturalist, 


NOTES—-ORNITHOLOGY. be 


*Verrucaria pyrenophora Ach. L. Clapham. A. Malham. 

*Verrucaria saxicola Mass. L. Clapham 

*Verrucaria calcivora Nyl. A. Skipton © Draughton. 

*Verrucaria albida Arn. A. Braithwaite; Cullingworth. 

*Verrucaria intercedens Ny]. A. Cullingworth. 

*Verrucaria spurcella Nyl. A. Malham; Gordale (See 
‘Naturalist,’ January 1892). 

*Verrucaria deminuta Arm. A. Malham. 

*Verrucaria chlorotica Ach. A. Malham. 

*Verrucaria codonoidea Leight. L. Clapham. 

Verrucaria cinerea Pers. W. Bolton Woods. 

Verrucaria analepta Ach. W. Giggleswick. 

*“Verrucaria erratica Mass. A. Parasitic on Parmelia saxatilis. 

*Verrucaria thelostoma Harr. A. Malham. 

“Verrucaria analeptiza Nyl. A. Collected near Keighley in 
year 1817 

*Verrucaria rugulosa Borr. A. Malham. 

*Verrucaria fusco-agrillacea Anzi. A. Malham. 


NOTES—ORNITHOLOG Y. 

Craven Bird-Notes,—Several Whooper Swans shes age musicus) have been 
shot near toe Preston; two out of a ‘herd’ of t ore on the Ribble, 
about January 24th, and another a few days la ter at “Bookilber Rabbit Warren. 

I h 


m 1892—March 19th and 26th, April 14th, October 30th, and Decem 

ms ne also pase nein on January 9th, Pektuney Ist, and February 4th, 1893, so that it 
y be pre: it is the same bird, which - wintered here. EDWARD PEAKE, 

Claciatox School, Settle, February r2th, 

Flamborough Bird-Notes.—This season has brought some very rare species 
that seldom make their appesronce in this part. One of these occurrences is the 
vn ue early spring of the Avocet (Recurvirostra avocetta), of which a pair 

ssio 


wer n for several days, one ; ming my possession 
for phekcive: te) On April 8th the Blackstart (Ruticilla tethys n 
Ay 15th the Redstart (A. phenicurus); an ril 28th oe a rush of 
Whitethroats (Sylvia ripe arrived Headland. Mr, n 
in orms me that mm — a 5 Dotterels (Zudromias rath or on "May 8th at 
Maiden’s Grave ; gth two Hoopoes ( ahi ops) near or 
Hall.—Mattuew ee. Prniateoncts May 18th, 189 


Starlings Ha awking for Flie n M th 
T observed a St tarling (Sturnus vulgaris) fly from an old barn where it had been 
feeding its young. Directly it left the nest it commenced flying 6 and fro, 
catchin g flies, exactly in the manner of the swallow, and when it had obtained 
it flew ba hem. I i 


Catch flies in a desultory manner, at odd times, but never before saw one go about 
’ ion. I can only account for it by the fac t that the long 
continued drought has caused a scarcity ee the usual cart of oes birds, thus 
compelling them to seek an addition from other sources.—RILEY FORTUNE, 
eet May 17th, 1893. 


June 285 


NOTES AND -NEWS. 


he Pedi 8 es a —_ sitar of Malvez’ on which Mr. Edmund G. 
Baker, F Sy o lon engaged, still continues to appear at intervals in 
the a of yy the saieae oe being in the number Yor March 1893. 


A co sie of Burton-on-Trent botaists fechas . J. E. Nowers - James 
Wells, have been paying attention to the s of the Aran Islands in Catone 
Bay in 1890, and have published an Bere tag list and notes concerning them, 
in the June 1892 number of the ‘ Journal of Botany.’ 

——_—>0€ 

Geologists will welcome the beginning of the publication by the Geologie al 
Survey of the long- signees index-map’ on a scale of four miles to the in 

mong the sheets now y for issue is abet of East Vorlishire | (No. 6). while 
incorporating muc det Chet these maps ingularly clear, and the complete 
series will constitute by far the best Sistapleal map of England yet available. 

Oe 


In ‘ Notes and Queries’ for May 13th, 1893, Dr. J. A. H. Murray, of Oxford, 

ee Editor of the new standard English cat a 6 has a note as to the use of the 

ords ‘ crow’ and ‘ rook’ for nage TrUs: tlegus. He wishes to ascertain how far 
sed 


Dn 
Yorkshire, and Nort nco. toning tha Will. our fie ae the benefit ad their 
knowledge on this nee 
_—— — >< — —— 
ia address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Hertfordshire Natural 
wed —— by Jo ohn Hopkinson, FLL. S., F.G.S., € etc., the president, has 
eens rinted fro i r. Hopkinson, 
who “i el known in Soukehire, specially in Leeds, was the found Me this 
Society, and to him it ow mah of i ccess. address, which is a com- 
prehensive Besa of Darwin, his tife a and work, is Pose in clear rh ens 
and being interspersed with ‘aldose will be of interest to the general reader. 
RRR GE a 
At a meeting of the Entomological bigs of London which was held on the 
1oth May, 1893, co L. C. Miall, F.R.S., communicated a paper entitled 
*“Dicranota: a Carnivorous Tipulid rptaling and the President ay Palle that 
the new Tikser yen soning which had been ge sie Mr. Champion, with the 
assistance of Mr. McLachlan and Dr. Sharp, paces ready for sale to the 
public at gs., and to the Fellows of the eee at (a copy. 


—POME-— 
e Naturalists of (Lincolnshire 2 are x aed ave an excursion at Mablethorpe on 
Monday, June 12th, for the purpose of investiga pete gs ~~ ee hen grote 
There is, per 


il me ny of the m 
prominent naturalists rs Lincolnshire and of some in Saag ag are connected 
with this excursion, n organised by Mr. Walter F. Baker, who may 

addressed at 18, Hyde vars, Leeds, by m0: one desirous of j 5a re the party. 
There is every Prbvemecns e of this meeting bein * ores succe d it is sincerely 
to be hoped es it will be the precursor o ar series a meetings for 

considering great natural Fo vantages ey colnshire 
concerning ik Wick it is surprising that so little appears. re have hitherto been done. ‘done. 
Naturalist, 


173 
THE BIRDS OF LANCASHIRE AND OF ESSEX. 
The Birds of Lancashire. By F. S. MITCHELL, M.B.O. yi ae Eaito, 
eal ee annotated by Howarp SAUNDERS, F.L.S iy with 

by R. 


additio: OWARD, and othe: er teak Bice Pora 
Tiinétrated. "abs pp. and ‘map. London : Gurney and Jackson. 1892. 


The mates of Essex. A contribution to the Natural History of es County. 
: Simpkin, Marshall & Co. Limited 90. 

: Ue well for the popularity of Mr. F. S. Mitchell’s ‘ Birds 
of Lancashire’ that a second issue should be called for after a lapse 
of only seven years. In the absence of the author from the country 
the task of editing the new edition has devolved upon Mr. Howard 
Saunders, who, we neéd hardly say, has made the best use of the 
new material placed at his disposal. 

s Mr. Saunders does not claim any special knowledge of 
Lancashire birds, he has naturally availed himself of the assistance 
of several well-known local ornithologists, his principal helper being 
Mr. R. J. Howard, of Blackburn, whose name appears on the title 

We have much pleasure in noticing the work in the current 
number of the ‘Naturalist,’ but as many of our readers will be 
already familiar with the details contained in the first edition, we 
propose therefore to confine our remarks mainly to the new informa- 
tion now presented 

n the original edition Mr. Mitchell enumerated 259 species as 
comprising the Lancashire avi-fauna. Owing to a curious mistake 
one species—the Cream-coloured Courser—has now been eliminated. 
On the other hand, five new species—Purple Heron, Sociable Plover, 
Wilson’s and the White-faced or Frigate Petrel, and Black-necked 
Grebe—have been added. Unfortunately the first-named has still 
no valid claim to be included in the county list, as the example 
noticed was obtained at Alderley Edge, a locality some distance 
within the Cheshire borders. The Sociable Plover and the Frigate 
- Petrel are both additions to the Lancashire and also to the British 
lists. The Plover has a curious history. It appears to have formed 
one of a group of. stuffed birds in a case examined by Mr. Mitchell, 
and identified by him as a Cream-coloured Courser, as recorded in 
his original yolume. Subsequent examination under more favourable 
circumstances revealed the fact of its being a no less distinguished 
Stranger than the Sociable Plover, a species inhabiting the south- 
eastern portions of Europe. The Frigate and Wilson’s Petrels were 
curiously enough both found dead, with many other birds, on the 
shores of Walney Island, within a few days of one another. Some 
viel ag may perhaps question the wisdom of including 

th, ein in a county list on the strength of a single example cast up 

°y the sea, but in our opinion no harm can be done so long as full, 
pas 1893. 


174 REVIEW—THE BIRDS OF LANCASHIRE AND OF ESSEX. 


particulars relating to the circumstances are given, as in the present 
case. We owe the addition of the Frigate Petrel to the British list 
to the indefatigable researches of Rev. H. A. Macpherson, who has 
included a beautifully-executed figure of the species in his recently 
published ‘ Vertebrate Fauna of Lakeland.’ 

Amongst other new notes we welcome the additional information 
relating to the various species of grey geese frequenting the 
Lancashire marshes, and also interesting items referring to the inter- 
breeding of the Pochard and Tufted Duck, and pinioned with wild 
Wigeon. On the other hand, further research is required into the 
distribution during the breeding season of the Chiff-Chaff, Reed 
Warbler, and White Wagtail, none of them rare species, but still 
worthy of the attention of Lancashire ornithologists, who we hope 
are not sitting down under the impression that, locally, nothing more 
remains to be done. It may be remarked that the Mealy Redpoll is 
still an absentee from the county list; though it is suggested that 


executed illustrations of the Black-throated Wheatear, Wall-Creeper, 
and Sociable Plover replace the coloured plates of the first edition. 
All of them are good, but the Wheatear is perhaps hardly sprightly 
enough for a Chat. The remaining wood-cuts are unchanged, and 
we think it rather a pity, in view of the recent improvements in 
mechanical photo-printing, that they were not discarded in favour of 
others more attractive. The book as a whole is very satisfactory, 
the binding good, and the type, except in the case of the map, clear. 
Ornithologists, especially those who require local information up to 
date, will find it a valuable addition to their book-shelves. 


Whilst writing on the subject of county faunas, it will perhaps 
not be out of Le ce to call the attention of North of England 


book treats of a district lying at some distance from our own areas 
we can only remark that Mr. Miller Christy has accomplished his 
task in a most complete and satisfactory manner ; the biographies 
of Essex ornithologists and the information relating to wild fowl 
decoys being especially interesting. For these chapters alone the the 
work is well worth reading.—F. B. W. Naturalist, 


175 
FORGE VALLEY IN WINTER. 


Rev. W. C, HEY, M.A., M.CS., 


Vice-President of the York Philosophical Society, West Ayton, near Scarborough. 


As I enter the portals of this deep cafion this December afternoon, 
I feel like one who steps at midnight into the silent aisles of some 
cathedral, which hitherto he had only visited when the sunshine was 
bringing out the rich colours of its stained windows, and the voices 
of the choristers, and the pealing of the organ, flooding its long vistas 
with harmony, For the silence of the winter woods is their most 
ee feature. Summer is full of sound,—chirpings of birds, 

ings of insects, swish-swish of the leafy boughs, while an 
lea a delicious murmur, like the sound of fairy kisses, fills the 
warm quick air. 

Now all is so still that I can plainly hear each single drip of a half- 
frozen rill, as it falls upon the surface of the river, and the faint 
creaking of a breaking larch-bough a hundred yards away, appears 
loud. The snow covers the sides of the ravine, steep though they be, 
and every tree-trunk, every branch, every twig, is brought out into 
dark relief. |The woods are seen to be not half so unfathomable as 
they appeared in summer, when layer upon layer of broad foliage 
extended between the top surface and the floor of the great green 
sea. I feel surprised at their shallowness, as one who, sailing upon 
a still sea, is startled to perceive through the pellucid water, the rocks 
and seaweed at the bottom. Here and there, under the trees, are 
seen little patches of dark green, plants of the spurge-laurel, tall 
enough to rise above the snow. ‘These, and a few withered oak 
leaves, alone vary the great study in black and white, which the dull, 
Silent, winter’s day presents. A week or two ago, many a wild-rose 
bush was tipped with coral ; spindle trees glowed with such pink and 
Orange tints (their splendid ‘puillodes), that one might fancy the dyes 
of an autumn sunset had been spilt among them, But, either the 
wild weather, or the fieldfares, have stripped the woods of all their 
jewellery, and they stand forlorn and desolate as a church which 
puritanical zeal has dismantled and white-washed. 

Yet this deep silence, this weird monotony, by its very vacancy 
tempts the imagination to people these solitary glades with their 
ancient inhabitants, and create sounds for the vacant ear. And 
thought can often prove herself richer than reality, for all the past of 
both fact and fancy is at her disposal. On yonder snowy ridge 


I 4 seem to behold a herd of reindeer standing, their forked antlers 
June 1853, 1893, 


be 6 NOTES—LEPIDOPTERA AND MOLLUSCA. 


sharply defined against the ashy sky, and a troop of wild hunters 
appear, armed with stone hatchets and flint barbs. Presently they 
are gone, both the hunters and their quarry, and the giant form of 
a mammoth, with curving tusks and shaggy mane, grows into their 
place. As the short afternoon turns duskier, I listen to the muffled 
footfalls of a pack of wolves, their dismal howlings re-echo from the 
rocky sides of the valley. Deeper and deeper falls the twilight ; 
a shivering breath of cold air passes by me and rustles the withered 
oak leaves. Is it really only a passing breeze and not some phantom 
of Death sweeping by on its awful errand? Yonder dark, ill-defined 
object might be only a stump bearded with lichens, or some mis- 
shapen dwarf of Scandinavian mythology, revealing himself thus late 
to the eye of a posthumous faith. 

Wandering on thus, lost in fancy, I am suddenly recalled to 
myself, startled for an instant into believing the creatures of my 
imagination have actually become corporeal and animated. For 
surely there is a real sound of rushing feet in the wood, this is a real 
wild cry ringing from the rock above. A rabbit, pursued by two dogs, 
rushes close by my feet, and explains the first sound ; the unearthly 
cry proceeds from a couple of jackdaws, returning to their night- 
roost in the ice-draped crags on high. 


NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA. 


Melanippe hastata near Sheffield.—On the 15th inst. I came across 
several examples of this moth when ereng sumee h the Wharncliffe woods, 

tween Deepcar and Oughty Bridge. I do 2 at whether the species is 
widely distributed in Yorkshire or not, but a poe of fs ra urrence here may 
possibly be of interest to local entomologists. Two days before, I saw a female 
Orange Tip Fey cardamines) fluttering round a head of chatock in the same 
lo gol —CHAs. OLDHAM, Ashton-on-Mersey, May 18th, 1893. 

e took Melanippa hastata freely in the Wharncliffe 2s years ago, and the 

lo eality has long been known as one of the best West Yorkshire 2 of 
species, which, moreover, is widely distributed cataaninl the county.—G. aun 


NOTE—MOLL USCA. 


Six-banded Helix nemoralis at Adel near Leeds,.—I am indebted to my 
friend Mr. W. Howard, who a the head of the composing departm ment at 
Messrs. McCorquodale & Co. Limit rs nemoralts 
collected by him Niemen 4 at Adel : near Leeds, where there were scores cr yipee 
about the and on walls. There were examples of the vars. rs. lébellula 
rubella, of various paid Ouaa, the most interesting being the seldom-met- pet 
six 


y ful formul i 
var. /tbellula 123345. The bands coalesce towards the mouth but are perfectly 
distinct and unmistakable on the greater portion of the shell.—W. Duniso 
Roesuck, Sunny Bank » Leeds, May 2oth, 1893. 

Naturalist, > 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: 
Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and 
Physical Features of the North of England. 


LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


THE present instalment has been compiled and ‘edited by 
WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. 
The previous instalments of the Bibliography of Lepidoptera 
have appeared as follows:— 

For 1884, in ‘ Naturalist,’ July and Aug., 1885, pp. 285-292. 
18S6. 6,9; a Feb. and March, 1888, pp. 58-78. 
1888, “ Sept. and Oct., 1890, pp. 279-299. 
1889, ig May and June, 1891, pp. 157-165. 


ov 
- 


a 
~ 


“ 


The counties and vice-counties of which cognizance is taken are 
the following, as named and numbered in the Miles sa scheme :— 

53, Lincoln S.; §4, Lincoln N.; 56, Notts.; 57, Derby; 58, 
Cheshire ; 59, Lancashire S.; 60, Lancashire 4 . Of. ae Sui: 
62, York N.E.; 63, York S. W.; ; 64, York Mid W.; 65, York N.W.; 
66, Durham ; fy, Nosthiberland S.; 68, Sheviotlands 69, West- 
morland with Furness ; 70, Camberiend'< ; and 71, Isle o 


ANON [various observers]. 


> 


Derbyshire. 

Calendar of Nature, 1879 [near Burton-on-Trent: Vanessa urtica, 

Hybernia rupicapraria, H. Mts one Phigal ta, H. progemmaria, Tenio- 

campa gothica, T. stabilis, T. instabilis, T. ru ricosa, Preris brassicae, P. rape, 

Selenia iliunaria, Antictea baat, — . Spilosoma lubricipeda, 

tcranura vinula, Plusia gamma, Run Cette fepialus humult, 
Polyommatus 4 nthia albice * "A braxas grossulariata, 

é 


Abraxus ulmata, noted, with dates, but without localities except w 
Specified]. 4th. Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist. & Arch. So ., 1880, 
pp. 67-70. 


ANON, [various observers]. Derbyshire. 
alendar of Nature for 1882 [near Burton-on-Trent, giving dates ir 
Vanessa urtice (Ticket Arelia pane and Gonoptera libatrix). 7th A 

Rep. Burton-on-Trent N. H., etc., Soc., fur year ending 31st March, 1883, p. te 
ANon. [not signed]. 


Lepidoptera of Burton on-on-Trent and Neighbourh 


alocera, 20 Sphin ges, 60 Bom bye es, 171 

106 Geometre, 32 2 Pyraldes, and 12 Pte eeaene in the ees lation of South’s 

Entomol List, w is the standard adopted for arrangement and 

nomenclature ; 17 names oa cmunyiiees of information are poe Trans. 
Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc., vol. i., 1889, pp. 114-138. 

IVER ter 

June 1893. 


178 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 18go. 


Anon. [not signed]. Westmorland. 
Royal Oak —— [29th May ; wigs Author of ‘Troutbeck: its Scenery 
and Folk-lore’ (Kendal, 1876), says: ‘ The da ay is also a fatal ~~ 
for white butterflies [genus poner’ which the lads term ‘‘ papishes,” and hun 
to the dea th while variegated ones [genus mes fa continue . be syed 
King George's, and loyally admired te on . Note-Book and Nat. His 
Record, vol. i., part 6, June 1889, p. 255. 

ANON. [not signe m le of Man. 
oplar Hawk-Mot agg aaa: populi) at Ramsey, June 28th, and at 
Glencrutchery, peg June roth]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 3, July 

90. 


ANON. [not signed]. Isle of Man. 
a Observations [in the Isle of Man; dates given for Pers 
rape, Polyommatus alexis, and Vunessa cardui]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, 
No. 5, April 1890, pp. 161-162. 
ANoNn. [not signed]. Derbyshire. 
Penketh erSiatbes 23rd Pers to Monsall Dale; Anthocharis common]. 
N.H.J., June 15th, 1890, p 
ANON. fet signed]. Yorkshire, Lanc., and Cheshire. 
Rev. The L geese of Lancashire and Cheshire, by Dr. J. W.- 
Ellis Tio which the records for Lancashire and Cheshire are re compared with 
those for sf orkshire in detail for the genus Actdalia]. Young Nat., 
1890, pp. 157-158. 
jc ALS 
The Sallow Sis on of 1890 [at ekg apg ; Teniocampa rubricosa and 
T. gothica taken]. Ent., June 1890, p. 


F. W. A[NDREws]. Derbyshire. 
Calendar “ Cs yeh 1884 [at Burton-on-Trent ; date given for Ruma]. 
gth Ann. Rep. B.-on-Trent N. H. and Arch. Soc. for 1884, pub. 1885, pp. 23-25- 
J. ARKLE Cheshire. 
Gas-Lamp Entomology [at Chester; detailed ahead pasa by list 
of numerous lepidoptera captured]. - Ent., Feb. 1890, p. 61-65. 
J. ARKLE. Cheshire. 
Gas-Lamp Entomology additions to my list [ 7ortricodes h pa 
and ae pary, ganella, at Chester]. Ent., March 1890, p. 
J. ARKL a ae 
he Sallo ow Season of 1890. . Chester Miser sayin, ; Tan 
campa gothica, 7 stabilis, T: erta, T. crud vacilis (not mere 


Triphosa dubitata, Anticlea data conden pros ES, larvee of Xanthia 
Julvago (cerago)). Ent., June 1890, p. 
J. ARKLE. heshire. 
Crocallis elinguaria var. trapezaria (?) ee 20th August, ee from 
ager gas-lamp]. Ent., Sep. 1890, p. 
J. ARKLE. Cheshire. 
The Cheshire Plague of Caterpillars: a Myth [larve oT eally very 
scarce 3 ig vebagun ge alors, Hylophila bicolorana, Cabera pusaria, all 
scarce as larvee at Delamere Forest in August]. Ent., Sep. 1890, p. 293- 
J. ARKLE Cheshire. 
Notes on’ Tani campa opima [at Wallasey; life-history and habits 
described ; Nine sonaria, p ena virgata Sees) also mentioned]. 
Ent. , Oct. 1890, p. 307-309 


its 


oo 
Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890, 179° 


J.A 
Captures f rom Gas-Lamps [at Chester, ieee 5th, 1890: Phibalapteryx 
ata, Coremia props ata, girs immanata, Rip 

i ono ali ,» Lnnomos iliaria a, sare Aime totalis, Noctua 
glareosa (new uk ring Chester), ‘Luperine testa, ws cespitis, Neuronia 
Popular, Anchocelis lunosa, mia trapest ‘No ctua xanthographa, 
4 recia micacea, Porthesia “atitee, and Hepials humuli], Ent., Dec. 

1890, p. 385. 
EUSTACE R BANKES. York S.W. 


Scoparia angustea [and io raoony' of emergence at Portland and Hudders- 
field]. E.M.M., Jan. 


: York S.W 
[Female Mottl ed Umber ce: defoliaria) near Sheffield, 20th Deel, 
N. H.J., March 15th, 1890, p 


W. B. 6 York S. WW, seeeraek 
York, Bootham, Natural History, &c., Club [4 bbeydale, 
Sheffield na Seascale et a ate Argynnis fle, A a N. H. ie 
Sep. 15th 
CHARLEs G. Wa ETT. Isle of Man. 
[Phycis subornatella Dup. bes Isle of Man, renee” Proc. Ent. Soc. 
Lond., Feb. 5th, 1890, p. ii.; Ent., March 1890, p. 102; E. M. M., March 
1890, p. > 
C. G. BARRE Lane. S. 
[Exhibition of = widely distributed Asiatic and African ae oe mutual 
taken . Gregson near Bolton, Lancs Proc, 
Mach ai sae p- vii. ; bee Nat., April 1890, p. 67; Zoo Asi > 
149; Ent., April 1890, p. 141; E. M. M., April 1890, p 
C. G. Barrer. Durham or a N.W., Furness or ‘detens land, 
Bryotropha obscurella, H tish species ines en district 
(Sang) and Windermere district (Hodgkinson) . M. 1890, 
pori2; Pie c. Ent. Soc. Lond., April 2nd, 1890, p. xi. 


C. G. BARRETT. a s. and W., Cheshire, Furness. 
Deilephila galii in Lancashire and Cheshire [discussed in re: f the 
causes which bring about periodical abundance ; and stating that the vast is 
© be found somewhere on the san st coast from Llandudno to Grange ev 
ear]. E. M.M., Nov. 1890, p 

C. G. BARRETT. Lanc. S., Cheshire. 
Lepidoptera “upon pases Brcrne — —— = —- on; notes as to 
Agrotis cursoria, A. valligera, A. Triphena pro cag 

I. orbona, Xylophasia eran sei cle Caradvinn Cubic ein Melanippe hilace, 
Lubolia line geek Se permutana , Spelonota ates ~~ 

2 rv on t 


Ns. 


S. yshire. 
"Spring Notes [from the Moors near Sheffi a : Fie. vacciniella 
and Nefpticula weaveri taken]. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 6 
J. Barry York S.W. 
Varieties of Arctia caia [bred from larve from Loxley Moor edge, 
near Sheffield ; variety ph lato Esk, Nov. 1890, p. 344. 
J. Bar York S.W. 
Autumn Notes. _Sheffield Be sr leg nanata, E. minutata, E. assimilata, 


sete hoxopteryx ramana (lactana), Coleophora ferent. 

urella, Lithocolletis roboris, L. salicicolella, L. fagine z 
femal L. emberizepennella, Cemiostoma scitella, Nepticula Ld age 
era, a . myrtillella in the larva state, and good plants noted]. 


Ran f aiag Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 251. 
June 1893. # 


180 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


H. BAXTER. Lanc. W. 
Notes of the Season.—Lepidoptera [at St. Anne’s-on-Sea; Ovrgyia 
fascelina, Elachista argentella, Choreutis intl, and Leucania 
littoralis|. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, p. 103. 
HoitMEs BAXTER. Lanc. W. 
Notes of the Seas St. Anne’s-on-Sea LL ecu messantella 
(Lytham), ee. ee A. pracox, Dictyopteryx holmiana, A. nigricans 


ies yet “ara Peronea aspersana, <E-dematophorus jithodactelae Depressarta 
atella, and Choreutes scintillulana noted]. Ent. Record,’ Sep. 15th, 
55- 


eon per 
T. BAXTER. Lanc. W. 
Spring Notes [from St. Anne’s-o: a, Lancashire ; Notodonta ziczac and 
silat insta Ent. Raton, fat 15th, 1890, p. 63. 
T. BAXTER. Lanc. W. 
Black var. of Zygzna filipendulz [at Fleetwood ; two reared bids pupe in 
1888 ; desevindion given]. Ent. Record, Dec. 1 5th, 1890, p. 2 
T. BAXTER. Lanc. W. 
Notes of the Season (Lepidoptera) . = Peenee oe [s nget 
a failure, attracting only 77zphena pronuba Amph bra agopogon 
T. orbona and Xylophasia monoglypha stoma Sanh Smerintias mailetes 
larve commoner, 5S. fofwle scarcer stints ual, ura 
Agrotis cursoria plentiful, Satyrus Pore shy ad pis r, ciate aglaia scarcer, 
Bombyx quercus an ta fascelina larvee com , larvze of B. rudé in 
quantity, Zifarzs salicis fairly common, re cde dictea and LV. 2iczac very 
scarce, Leucania littoralis abundant at Lytha . pallens and L. tmpura 
plentiful, Wana strigilis, M. fasctuncula, M. Mecbucs and AV. bicoloria scarce, 


C. cubicularis common, Agrotis, all scarce except A. cursoria, A. nigricans 
not seen, 4. precox, A. valligera, A. tritici, A. aguilina, and A. exclama- 
d 


tionis all very scarce, A. segetum, A, suffusa, and A. corticea not seen, a lew 
Lu — — and L. cespitis at lamps, Woctwa xanthographa common, the 
others , Leniocampa gracilis, 7. opima, T. —— T. stabilis, Orthosia 
lota, ‘Epunde lichenea, Pei Rriseticnings by so eee Hadena binge: ne 
od or two years, Plusia tra ene Cidart 

tes and Lxnomos tiliaria Agavadive g Eoinnpiore Ha hee a, "Chorentes 
ao aicdanl, Peronea aspersana astia a vectisana, Sericoris 


literana, Pterophorus lthodactylus, Saarictts oa ied ecia cruciana, 
es oe — a, T. heparana, Per halleria 


Tera caudana, Graphol; 
scutulana, aoe rT Me tana, Sericoris cespitana, S. rivulana, S. urticanda, 
S. dacunana, i 8 la subjectana, Grapholitha nigromaculana, Eup@ect 


easing E. atricapitana, Pyrausta purpuralis, Pyralis farinalis, Harpiptery* 

axylostella, H.nemorella, Depressaria nanatella, D. arenella, D. pro, inguella, 

subbroina nes Sai hodochrella, D. lituredla, conterminella, L- 

angelicella, D. na, D. yeatiella, D. applana, D. ciliella, D. badiella 

. herac — a, aes ee nee C. ‘po pulella, G. sororculella, 

G. tem ae re Coleophor @, Batrachedra preangusta, Litho- 

colletis inet, a0 and Csaniaitians each = almost all on the sand- 
hills}. c., Dec. 15th, 1890, pp. 247-2 

{T. R.] Bit.ups. Isle of Man. 


ans of Parasites bred from Manx Peronia Pape South Lond- 
Ent. Soc., 9th Oct. 1890 ; Young Nat., Noy. 1890, p. 2 
E. BIRCHALL. Isle of Man. 
goeria philanthiformis.—Abstract [of the Isle of Man is the 
oaly locality where it is pe ne ants entered in nto]. Trans. Isle of Man 
N. H: S., vol. i., 1879-1884 (publ. 1888), pp. 1 


See as, 
Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 181 


Epwin Brircu 
Peculiartes of the Isle of Man Lepidoptera [of which nie urtice, 
tis lucernea Cirrhedia xerampelina, Peeatoser ecia capsophila, D. ¢ eater 
ah Teph Pees biundular d as offeri eculiar ihe sot Wal e’s 
Island Life, ii. 332; reprinted, Yn Lioar ee OE No. 3, July 1889, Back 
Transactions, i. 51-52. 
. BLATCH. Westmorland. 
“[Phibalapterys ro taken at Shap Fell, Sep. 1889; 2 mee ae. 
capturein England]. E. M. M., April 1890, p. 118; Ent., April 1890, p. 
G. A. BootH 
Notes of ee Season (Lepidoptera) . . . Gr range-over-Sands ne hehe 
nigra fairly common, Plisé 7a Visi fl. pulchrina acte 
by Scotch lilac, larvze of Dicranura furcula, Smerinihus Popa, oe sella, 
and D. vinula plentitel Erebia medea aboaaais t]. Ent ; Dec. 15th, 
90, P- 247. 


Gro. A. Booru. Isle of sm 
Dia nthecia begs and Polia nigrocincta in the Isle of Man 
series of t ormer, which is ye ing scarce, and larve of the ert: 
Ent. Rec., Dee. 15th, 1890, p. 2 
GEo. A. Boies Furness. 
Celzna pred [on ragwort-flowers i Bs the day-time, at Grange-over- 
Sands]. . Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 


A.] Bower. Durh 
[Exhibition of ai eg Ps yee ® a from fungus Sige he A a rig 
. M 


May 1870 -» July 2nd, nie p. ‘ 

Aug. 1890, p. 22 ues a iene ee. p. 265; Zool., g. gig; p- 320. 
Cumberland, Durham, ‘ek N.E. and Mid W., 
C. A. BRIGG yshire, Lanc. W. and S., ogy 


he Blow n-over Theory [of Poni penide rence of Dezlephila galit in Britai 
discussed, with references to Wallasey, Hartlepool, Scarboro ugh, Manche ak. 
ate le, Derbyshire, Beg Pg cia and Prest ton occurrences in 188 
Young Nat , Jan. 1890, p 
C. H. Peace Cheshire. 
On the Probable i of Deilephila galii eg at length; Wa Haney 
records used]. Young Nat., April 1890, pp. 
—. Bricut [of Bou th]. York S.W. 
dapsone of splendidly nig i varieties of Venusia cambricaria from 


Sheffield]. Sou aioe . Soc., Sep. aii; 1890 ; Ent. Record, No. 
Oct. sath, tg) 
E. J. Buckett. Notts. 
[Exhibition se five Sclenia lunaria (bred from Nottingham pupz) some 
of which a red intermediate between this and |S. i//ustraria, and a male 
with normal coloration of female e]. City of Lond. Ent. Soc., 20th Nov., 1890 ; 
Young Nat. 1890, p. 
ADHOR ‘ York N 
Colias edusa near ee [one at Westwood, 15th Sep., pn 
Nat., Now 1889, p. 
(J. T.] Carrineton. York. 
[Spilosoma lubricipeda var, cnger! and its increase in the York district]. 
South Lond t. Soc., green 1890; E. M. ee Mend ee p. 165; 
Ent., ba: win, p- 207; Young Nat, June "1890, p 
T. A. CHa Lancashire ad 1 Yorkshire Mi ria 


ylenvoniie Allies (4. ( Viminia) menyant. 
the moors of Lancashire and Yorkshire]. Ent. Record, Sep. we apie p- Nak. 
June 1893. 


182 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


Man. 


Isle of 

ee: capsophila [in the Isle of Man, at Port de particulars 
of quick emergence]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, Oct. 1889, p. 

HENRY SHORTRIDGE CLA he of Man. 

rie os of the Entomological Section [of the me of Man N.H. S.; 
noting Manx captures of Preris brassicae, P. rapa, P. napi, Lycena phieas, 
Polyommatus alexis, C hortobius pamphiltts, Pararge megera, Vanessa urtica, 
V. cardut, . atalar oo to, Colias edusa fone at Laxey, sit Sep., 1889), 
Dianthecia cesia, ”D th wre. xerampelina var. umntcolor, 
Aylophasia ote. te oe 2a pronuba, Mania tee Amphipyra 
tragopogonis, ni ligustri, S. convolvuli, Dicrunura vinula, Smerinthus 
populi, and S. ocellatus ; lecalitieds sen and details given], Yn Lioar 
Manninagh, Jan. ce ril 1890, pp. 158-160. 

H. SHORTRIDGE CLARK Isle of Man. 
he Larve we the Eye ed Hawk Moth [(Smerinthus ocellatus) taken neat 
Cranstal Loc 7 — Isle of Man; particulars given; Acherontia, 
Sphinx convol: , 5. Ligustré, a hisemee Ps ferinrnsieg ‘Smerinthus popult, 
Cherocampa giiesare and Dei lephz ck Say also enumerated as seen or taken 
in the Island by the writer]. Back Trans. I. of Man N. H. S., i. 92-93; 
published with Yn Lica a anninagh, No. 6, July 1890. 


H. SHORTRIDGE CLARKE. Isle of Man. 
Dianthecia Capsoplila gees in Autumn [giving Manx experience]. 
at., Nov. pitts 


. SHORTRIDGE CLA Isle of Man. 
Bene of the ome (Lepidoptera) . . Isle of Man [anent 7 riphena 
pronuba and A. Hage exclamationis being the a. results of June sugaring at 
Tromode; season good for Dianthecia cesia i nd D. ere ae: poor for 
Seer hcitee xerampelina]. Ent. Rec., Nov. 15th, 1890, p 
H. SHORTRIDGE CLARKE. ie of Man. 
Dianthecia capsophila ag ~ Isle of Man; notes on pupation]. Ent. 
Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 
J. CoLuins. Cheshire 
Hydrecia ——- at Warrington [locality particularised]. Young Nat., 
Pde 
J. Com Lance. S. 
Spring } ‘Notes Boe a: at Rixton Moss, near Warrington; 4spialia 
flav entocampa incerta, T. stabilis, 8 1 eth and 
Covainied ‘ince ate} Ent. Record, June’ 15th, 1890, p. 
J- Cotuins. ae Ss. or a 
Notes on Xanthia cerago and X. silago [as observed n Fee 
Leucania lithargyria, L. pallens, L. impura, Apamea Poe Noctua 
NV. augur, Triphena comes, Apamea didyma brian vey Nv. Rig 
also occur]. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p 


J. CoLtins. Lanc. S. or Cheshire. 
pamea missa [capture ar Warrington (county not 
dicated "thice in yo 1888, two in 1 ate Record, iy ae 5th, 1890, 
p- 128. 

J. CoLtins. Lanc. S. or Cheshire. 

Notes of the Season (Lepidoptera) Warrington [larve of 
Agrotis agathina taken in plenty]. Ent. Record, Aug. 15th, 1890, p. 128. 

J. Cottins. Lancs. S. or Cheshire. 

Variety o near Warrington; description given]. Ent- 


of Arctia caia [bred near 
Record, Aug. 15th, cape p. 128. 
Waturaliats 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 183 


J. CoLLIns Lanc. S., Cheshire. 
Notes of the Season (Lepidoptera) . Warrin ang ton [Hadena adusta, 
Hi.suasa, Apamea unanimis, Mag Siaceer com Mamestra anceps, Cenonympha 
davus, Aspilates ey Drip lyria aurorar ithosia mesomella, Viminia 
menyanthidis, Euthemonia g asdin, Cuspidia ‘leporina, Nemeophila russula, 
Cynatophora Sa nheete and at Rixton Moss Bombyx callune). Ent. Record, 
Aug. 1890, p. 130. 
J. CoLLins. Lanc. S. or Cheshire. 
Time of Appearance of Plusia festuce (near bse obit odd 
specimens in June]. Ent. Record, Aug. 15th, 1890, p. 13 


J. CoLurns. Lane. S. 
Capture of rigger seeds [some miles from Manchester ; par- 
ticulars given]. Record, Sep. 15th, 1890, p. 154. 
J. Co.utns. Lanc. S. or Cheshire. 
Notes of the Sea Warrington [ Orthosia — ee sy for 
in vain i Riston gee ' Agrotis agathina bred]. Ent .» 15th Sep 
» P 
Jos. pee ct... 
sgthosia. ee [at a place near Manchester ; a ‘nice series’ obtained]. 
Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 199. 
Jos. Couuins. Lanc. S. or Cheshire. 
Agrotis agathina [near Warrington; details of breeding]. Young Nat., 
Oct. 1890, p. 200. 
J. CoLuins. Lanc. S., Cheshire. 
Local Forms of Ccenonympha davus [from the Manchester mosses, 
Hartford, a od Kirkby]. Ent. Record, Oct. 15th, 1890, p 

J. CoLiins. ane. = or Cheshire. 
arve beating near Nah ge Lereeeyes Acronycta Pig tee Notodonta 
dromedarius, N. camelina, Hadena pisi; and nettin ced Cz — 
haworthii; number of aches cated Young Nat., Bor. 

J. CoLiins, Che ae 

Black Variety of Aplecta a P ge from a larva picked up in 
Delamere district]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 1890, p. 241. 

J. CoLtins. heat S. or Cheshire. 
iminia ru ar. salicis [six captured at agit hse 1890, presumably 
near —hrcmindltng Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 

J. Cotuins, shire. 

Variety of oo ae [from Delamere ; described]. Ent. Rec., 
Dec. 15th, 1890, p 
WALT ER ee York Mid W. 


[Lepidoptera observed by] the Yo: ckahire Naturalists’ Union at 
Hee, [13th igeeba eshte ; Satyrus janira, Camptogramma bilineata, Ct hae 
ote Eubo raria, Tanagra charophyllata, Hydrecia nictita 
Xylophasia Bid Sete wis iphena pronudba, pees ocampa nymphealis, ‘iat 
Scopula lutealis noua Nat., Aug. 1889, p 
WALTER CopPLey. k S.W. 
ephila se - emery Bridge [a fine male, 12th Aug. ati Nat., 
Sep. 1889, p 
B. H. ellie Lanc. S., Cheshire, Northd. S., Durham. 
rnica near Manchester [one go by Herbert Massey at 
nee? Bie eels 1878 ; editor cites records for specimens same year at 
oo rd, Morpeth, Hartlepool, etc.]. Ent., tees 1890, p. 203. 
June 1853, 1893. 


184 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


C. G. CRELLIN. Isle of Man. 
‘“‘Privet Hawk Moth” [(.Sphinx ee and the Elephant Hawk Moth 
(Cherocampa pean have occurred as larve ee Onsedaes and ies been 
reared]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, ahs es 
C..W.. DALE Yorksh’re. 


British Butterflies — — in casera previous to 1819]. Supple- 
ment to Young Nat., Jan. 1890, p. 

C. W. DALE Durham, York. 

ges History ng Lg British Hawk-Moths [/io0 Lag ete given as occurring 

Durham]. Young Nat., June 1890, Appendix, p. 4. 

rz ees bee var. éboraci Prest, near Yori, +e relationship discussed]. 
Young Nat., Oct. 1890, Appendix, p. 11 

JoserH BurtT Davy. Linc. N. 

prepa logical Exhibition at Alford, Lincs. [with mention of Lincoln- 

re examples of Cazoca/la Abe Colias edusa, ind oriet ret agria 


a arin Vanessa polychloros, V. antiopa, Acher » Sphin onvoleli 
Deilephila —, Dasy bird tater with reeuhiies: "and dat tes). Nat 
ed 1890, 
W. Dav Notts. 
Tephrosia biundulari ar. delamerensis in Nottingham[shire, near 
nsfield, one ene: : details given]. Ent. Record, May 15th, 1890, p. 34- 
Ww. piles N: 
Euchloe cardam: near Mansfield, May 28th, a male ; aiseviplton 
given]. Ent. pent yeas 15th, 1890, p 98. 
W. Daws. otts. 
of Smerinthus ocellatus [at Mansfield, June 21st, 1890; male; 


Var. 
cfd ‘bed. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, p. 98. 
Daws. 


otts. 
Retarded Emergences [of Aombyx guercus, Eupithecia togata, and Pygera 

bucephala near Mansfield]. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, p. 109. 
Durham. 


Pieris brassi eo over [presumably at West Hartlepool]. 
Young Nat., Det i p- 
R. Dutton. d W. 
Notes of the Season.—Lepidoptera [at Bishop’s Lsoboyete Asthena es 
A maeteiepage, Eupisteria heparata, Cidaria silaceata, Abraxas ulma 
Platypleryx faicula, Argynnis oa Teniocampa populeti, mg Tethea 
plik dak oted]. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, 
Joun W. ELLs. “chet ee Ss. ed W., Furn 
The Lepidopterous Fauna of Lancashire and Cheshire [a full and 
detatied: series of papers, in which are enumerated 48 conerane , 25 sphinges, 
66 bombyces (incl. cuspidates and a few noctuz)]. Nat., Feb. and March 
arch, p. 183, Feb. 1886, bp. 50-54, a pp. 103-111. 


al 
io] 
oo 
= s 
oO 
4°] 
al 
Lal 


20 estas and Alucitina). Nat., Feb aes March a 49-86. 
[Mid y biblio iographed]. 
C. FENN. 
Gas-Lam amp Entomology [criticising J. Arkle’s Chester experien 
to gy tan fagella, Lemnatophila phryganella aie Ti inniondst Hert Bg 
Ent., April 1890, p. 135. 
[C.] FENN. paseo 
[Exhibit of Scoparia ambigualis, including one 
tee ie South Lond. Ent. Soc., an 11th, at Eat, af $d ra pried 


peeing? 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 185 


C. Fe Durham. 
[Ex chib bition of Darlington secre hed as ag satyrata, Eudorea 
rah a sa an a ki ortrix viburnanal. , London., Sep. 3rd, 
I Sep. 15th, 1890, p. or oat Oct. 508: p- 396; 
.M. M., oe: “ise p..2763 Ent., Oct. ae 25. 

C. FENN York. 
[Exhibition er a0 Varieties of Cidaria immanata from ore South 
En » Sep. 25th, 1890; E. M. M., Nov. 1890, p. 306; Ent., 

i "1890, p p- 38 ; Young Nat., Nov. 1890, p. 208. 
HILDERIC FRIEN Cumberland. 


The Hornet haar Wiig [(Sesta apiformis) near Sooner ; detailed account 
of its beng reared]. Young Nat., July 1890, pp. 133-1 
W. A. Gal No 
eects atropos in Notts. ew unusually abundant this year shouk 
a xford]. Nat., Nov. 1889, p. 352 


W. A. Gain, Notts 
ects on eee io pent [and its life panto as observed a ne ord 
near New where the larve were abundant in 1889]. Gos 
Jan. 1 890, > 18. 
JOHN Garp 


Durham. 
weered | Emergenc ce ee Acronycta leporina ; one emerged 4th June, Arie 
z found in 1888 at Cole Hill near Hutton Henry]. You 
34- 


JOHN GARDNER. es bef 
sorte Pegr observed by] The Yorkshire abies Union 
n-Cleveland [12th July, 1890; Satyrus ja wie nony mpha oe mae “48 
popahee oe Asthena luteata, A. can data, Saale alchemillata, 
ie 


Tanagra che piomoe ata,  Hypena proboscidal Eudorea conspicualis, 


d ° r 
richness of the pg ba ae to eldrum’s = of Cerura rat 
Bt, 


T. Gress, Jun. Derbyshire, Notts. 
Calendar of Nature for 1882 [at Bretby, near Burton-on-Trent; dates 
given for Hybernia rupicapraria, H. leucophearia Seed oe Shrubs), Phigalia 

Sh ce, fiv 


> 
Brephos parthenias (Repton Shrubs), ntic “ib ertvata, A. ata, 
Melanip, e Se ee be coer, Cilix sina Coremia pihauan, 
. unidenta napt, nippe subtrista a et crepuscularia 
(the three i in “Bretby 1 Park), Athena blomerari: ia (00 ofies ood), Pieris napi, 
A kehas he Lycans pageale ora p in Y Parson s Brake) )y 


via, Campto: 

incata, Himerapennaria Rdecoesen gemina, Mianastrigilis, apr aabrtant 
Eon Jack pore: Agrotis e. ationis, Aplecta herbida, Miana fasciuncula, 

sac, LOT ana, Fp ming poesia Pieris brassicae, Abraxas grossulariata, 
1 


186 BIBLIOGRAPHY. : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


Chelonia caja, Cidaria dotata, pa rae ge HE eS Ur eget es sambucata, 
Larentia ae peers; Cidaria pyraliata, Acidal, ersata, ‘ala, cae 
trapesi cutulata, Boarniia pre wboidaria, we ua aU, - ene nnea 

Ypsipete cia, Plusia pecs ks gee eee Leucania  apsttbid Mania pois 
m9 Za, anata, Apamea 

senea, Be see vophila po Gupaents peop Ce woonymipa an ph ilus, Scotosta 

dubitata, Caradrina eit cular. 45, — cttrago (Clumber larvze), Amphipyra 

a 


(Bretby Park), Caecum vetusta and C. exoleta|. 7th Ann. Rep. Burton-on- 
t Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc. for year cae au March, 1883, pp. 16-1 

oe ae Junr. Be raaicrien: 
Calendar of Nature, _— ss Bretby near egies oe Trent; dates given 
for Aybernia rupicaprar , 4. progemmaria, Phigalia Bonin She 
fyb. leucophearia (Repton Shrubs), Vanessa ges. Piiied rape ye pton 
Shrubs), Zentocampa stabilis, T. instabilis, T. gothi 7ca, Anisopleryx @. bale ia. 
Anticlea badiata, Arctia lubricipeda, Pierts bri wassiCe J or axas ulinata (Hoof 
Wood), Emmelesia affinitata, Eup. vulgata, P op elanippe 
ata, Acronycta pst, bps ena blomeraria, ci daria ,silaceata, Ventlia 
‘adena 


), 
ma ria hepara 
(Repton Rockit Emmelesia albul tata ( Repion ocks), Vpsipetes impluviata 
(Repton Rocks), Melanthia albicillata (D Scotosta ne ests ie 
atalanta, Plusta gamma, and C anittébia: iat 8t ep. 
Burton-on-Trent N, H. & Arch. Soc., year ending 31st Dec. 1383, pub. 


T. Gipss, Jun. Derbyshire, Furness, ‘ York., 
pa ea of the Entomological Section [of Burton-on-Trent N. H. and 
rch. Soc., me ay ons the capture of paren. canting’ aria in Seal 
Wood, 1883, a d Repton Shrubs, 1884 own for near Windermere 
g- - odginson}, and near York we ots “9 m3 pe n. Hew. Burton-on- 
He 3 cs h. Soc. for 1884, publ. 1885, p 
‘Se clots, Jn n.]. ci se 
of Natur = 24 is {at ee — es given for Hyéern 

euciphearia(Repton Sh bs), Vanessaurtice, Tentocampa stabilis, T. intablit, 

gothica, T. : pulett, eating: satellitia, Pieris napi (Bretby), Cidarz 
pies (Bret oe immanata (Bretby), Leucania lithargyria (Bretby ) 
Scop = luteal (Bretb y), Moctua xanthographa (Bretby), NV. rubi, 7riphena 
orbona, Hydr nictitans, Amp wedi os eae Scotosia dubitata, 

ot is wigrcans, ‘octua baja , Van otis s rides ph 


2 
aquilina, ple iy pe Ri ames ra br tee Xanthi i feugiat X, silago, 
Hf rect lia 


BY Og ire. 


encke he 
alendar of Nature, 1885 [near Burton-on-Trent; dates given for 
Hybernia leucophaear ia Hl. progemmaria, H. rupicapraria, Anisoptery* 
(R 


aprari nts ‘ 
escularia pton Shrubs), Scopelosoma satellitia, Teniocampa stabilts, 
cruda, T. oeulet ene vacciniz, 7. inst bilis, T. rubricosa, Vanessa 

rtice, Pieris rap ” Mata @ fluctuata, Lomaspilis marginata, aX 
ulmata, Cheimatobia faire Mileniags soctata, Corem pugnata, Asthena 
blomeri, Tep tundularia, kup. laric Pieris brassicae, Coremia 
unidentaria, Emm affinitata, Eup. ca — Atte ma: z, 
A z montanata, A Sarta, 


vata, Metrocampa, Aplect. ib wohodaies.- ‘Nola coo ont Eas rocampa 
stagnata Dade low), phe: repandata, Cidaria associata, Arctia caja, 
Natu 


ist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 187 


Noctua augur, Leucania pallens, if Sener rae peo Boarmia gemmar ia, 


Larentia didymata, Cidaria dotata, Abraxas grossulariata, Ypsipe 
elutata, Xanthia citrago, Crocallis “Gy lvata, Scoparta ambigu iis, 
flepialu. leda, Odontopera, Ennis esta aeco. rata, hectus, 
Melanthia albicillata, Hep. lupulinus, Noctua plecta, clamationis, 
Lithostege grisealis, Cidaria silaceat : issata, Ephyra punctaria, Spilosoma 
menthastri, Ap a, Grammesia trilinea Xyli polyodon, 
a strigilis, Camptogramma bili se otosia dubitata, Ur YX 

sambucaria, na ina, wa anessa 10, z 
gamma, Triphena comes, Cilix glaucata, “Selena bilunaria, Noctua xantho- 
grapha, Scopula lutealis, Hydrecia nictitans, Amphipyra t ragopogonts, Vanessa 
cardut, Nonagria flies pea te dilutata, ‘Hybernia curantiarta : re aga 
atropos}. roth Ann as rton-on-Trent N. H. S. and Arch. Soc 
1885, publ. 1886, pp. be 

T. GIBss, Der heal 


ip 3 a 

(Bretby), i @enioca mpa x sci (Bretby), T. stabilis (Bretby), Z. zcerta 
(Bretby), 7. popzelete (Bre y 
(Bretby), ne abr wptaria (B retby), Rzmza (Bretb 

retby), 2. (Ashby Road), AZela rin 4 snes (Bretby), Zmmelesia 
affinitata (Bre etby),. 2. enceleee, (Bretby), Zomaspilis marginata (Bretby), 
Me ssa montanata (Ho ays ood), 4 nthocharis (Too o Ss We gS ites : 
blomeri (Hoofie’s Wood), vraxas ulmata (Hoof od), He lleda 
(Bretby), Huson thalassina etd. ects nica TEeetby A ple 
nebulosa (Repton Shrubs), <Actdalia bis Pa 6299 rubs), 
ana m ae Shrubs), 7; eh dabitats (Bi \, Melanthi. hia rubiginat 
(Bretby), Abraxas grossulariata (Bretby), C: Cidaria ite (Bretby), Calymnz 
trapezina (Repton Shrubs), Zugonia guercinaria (Repton Shrubs), Noches 


x 
5 
ha 
Lon J 
+O 
om 
S 
cS 
a 
iS 
Qs 
ss 
® 
> 
s 
- 
~ 
cS 
Q 


Van MM maura > 
(Repton Shrubs), and Polia chi (Bretby)]. Ann. Rep. Burton-on- -Trent 
N. A. & Arch. Soc. for 38488, publ. 1888, pp. 31-32. 
THOMAS GIBBS. Derbyshire. 
The Influence of Sig sceayers on the a table gi of Vegetation i n the 


@, Pieris rape, Anthocharis, and Rumia, were seen in the Burton-on- 

Trent sen Trans. B.-on-Trent Nat. Hist. &A Arch. Soc., vol. i, 1889, p.81 

W. Howarp — TY. Westmorland and Furness. 

sr ese | ancashi —s e., Furness and Westmorland; Nemeobius 

uc cs Lncofas apes, Lycena erent: Anarta vs and Saturnia 
carpine, at Grange-over-Sands]. Ent., Dec. 1890, p 

C. S. GReGson. Derby, Durham, Chesh., "thee S.. Camb, bloc Ss. w. 

gene ae ila galii [giving results of pers onal ¢ experien ning 

erby, Wolsingham, Suley Bridge, Bolton, Warrington Wr ilas asey ee localities, 

sg aryport, Cumberland, and Potter yi near Wharelife, a ire, as 


places ster ‘ hehe obtain ned every year in years gone by]. ung Nat., 
1890, pp. 229-231. 
cs. Gurcson. Lanc. S. 
N 


Zonaria at Wallasey [only found by one ai last spring ; 
writer quite niente Young Nat., Dec. 1890, p. 23 
J. Grave. ce . 
Tee tote near Bolton [formerly in great numbers, but n 
from attacks by collectors; Celena haworthii plentiful this asics 
ns mts hg Novy, 15th, 1890, p- 214. 
Tita x05, 1893. 


188 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


A. E. Hat York S.W., Notts 
eae tava at “Sheffield [close to town, darker than gs Pohesiee 
r Sherwood examples]. Ent. Record, April 15th, 1890, p 
A, Ey, Hatin “Yor S.W. 
Notes on the Early Season [of 1890 near Sheffield; anent PAzga/ia, 
Anisopteryx, ee progemmaria, Cymatophora favicornis, Pieris ‘rape, 
Wyssta hispid Tephrosia crepuscularia, Teniocampa rubricosa, and 
Tortricodes ayemana, with their dates of appearance]. Ent. Record, April 
15th, 1890, 
A. E. Hatt. York S.W. 
a, 2 aaa o ae variation and food-plants near Sheffield]. 
Ent., 1890 
AL ES PrALL York S.W. or Derbyshire. 
Spring No tes [near Sheffield: Arephos parthenias fairly common; time of 
flight phat Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 64. 
A. E. HEAL York S.W. 
Habits ay Tortrix forsterana ar ee [plentiful in Sheffield garden]. 
Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 6 
L. 


York S.W. 
‘Small Specimen of A[nthocharis]. cardamines art yo 24th May, 
14 inch from tip to tip]. Young Nat., July 1890, p. 
A. E. Hat. York S.W. 
Small Variety of Euchloe cardamines [near “Spm 2ath _—— 
14 inch from tip to tip]. Ent, Record, July 15th, 1890, p. 98. 

A. E. HALL. York S.W. 
ll Example of Tephrosi ia biundularia [taken by Geo. Rose near 
age — 1887, measured only ma an inch from tip to tip ; 3 see Young 

ae 181]. Ent., Aug. 1890, 


ere York S. 

Ne au ot the mtg ie om era).— p [Aupithecia 
/ariciata common near Worksop, ae 7th, 1890 ; ed panic scarce]. 
Ent. Record, Aug. 75th, 1890, p 

A. E. Hatt. Notts. 


A Week at Sherwood Forest [in August ; Woctua oe be Euperia fulvago, 
Amphipyra pyramidea (absent), ‘ero elarcosa, Triphena fimbria, Agrotis 
tritict, Baas nictita wed Pcie testata, L tee Fea pets Cha reas 
gramtit LEphyra pune pendularia, Tephrosia punctulata, 
Cym oto ee Eupitht ‘allipehiat, and E. centaureata noted]. 
Ent 1890, pp. 321 


AoE. Hs Notts. 
Noctua Dahli be ioe 18 dah h thing was scarce but this]. 

Bee g Nat., Oct. 18 
S.W. 


A. FE. Fis York 
Sad ied of Rumia Crategata [with a jie L Phen suffusion on the right 
wing, bred]. Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 2 
A. E. HALL. Yo: si S.W. 
Notes on some Macro-Lepidoptera, usually of c hee 
pee in the aia aor of Sheffield [viz. chess: ex Pieris, pers te 
nessa urtice, V. atalanta, V. cardui, atyrus Jjantra od omen 
Conénpuchte pamphilus, Lycena alexis, Hesperia sylvanus, Vanessa 
tyrus egeria, S. megera, S. tithonus, Polyommatus phieas, Euchelia jacobed 
setae sso Fcapehiy fuligina ost, A. mendica, Liparis aurifiua, OF, rgyia 
ntiqua, Bombyx neustria, Dicranura vinula, Pygera bucephala, Duloba 
danrictiice epha. soe ” Bryophila perla, Leucania conigera, L. impura, Hydrecia 
ictilens: H. micacea, Xylophasia lithoxylea, X. hepatica, Apamea basilined, 
Na Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 189 


_Miana strigilis and vars. @thiops and P sgescore a MM. fasciuncula, 
MM. literosa, M. Gptancile, Grammesia trilinea, Triphena orbo yes Anchocel?s 
pistacina, ~yiopis aprilina, Maou phora meticalosy Eiples a lucitpara, 
Hadena chenopodit, H. adusta, H. protea, H. Llusia chrysitis, 
Urapteryx pride Selenia ‘Wanaria Boarmia Siotihoddarte. Acidalia 
scutulata, ¢ Ke incanaria, A. aversata, vaxas grossula riata, 
Hybernia ciate Camplogramma bilineata, Euboli ta cervinaria, 
“t wae eid a ranagr. ch rite eared all described as. more or less scarce sen 


ributed a pore anufac 
aba Sipon no allusion is made the unfavourable lithological 
character of Sok Caster Ent. Rec., Dee. - 5th, 1890, pp. 256-258 
James Harpy en viotland. 


Report of ‘the Meetings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club for the 
year 1880 with note of Zuchelia jacobee on Bam eee ae hills], Proc. 
Berw. Nat. Club for 1889, vol. 12, No. a oaks 1890), p. 

G. A. Harker. “sind Aa or Cheshire. 

Hybernia marginaria ab ays ops var. fuscata [common near Liverpool 

and emerges a little later than the type]. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p. 59. 
G. HaRrKeEr, Lan ore’ Cheshire. 

Notes of the Season (Lepidoptera).— Liv geatt A a syaseel 
galiata and Bombyx coat at Crosby ; Mamestra albicolon plentiful, Riodar 
sanguinalis just appearing]. Ent. Record, Aug. 15th, 1890, p. 130. 

J. Harrison. York S.W. 

Autumn Notes . Barnsley [Penthina sauciana and Hypsipetes elutata 
in profusion on ‘the moors, Cloantha rh and Oforabia filigrammaria 
taken]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 252. 

. HED Northumberland S. 

[Puss Moth Caterpillars (Dicranura vinula) occur at Hallington Reservoir]. 

t. Trans. Northumb. Durh. and Newc., vol. 10, part 2, 1890, p. 399. 

Wels ma York N.E. 

Hplove parallelaria {[vespertaria] var. [dark uniform brick-red, with 

ual bo taken near York along ith type; editor adds that it is more 
cmon heal Ent., Jan. 1890, p. 19. 

W. Hew York — ? 

Variation in Zygena lonicere [as observed presumably near York; 
15 i noted, three of which are named—vars, pocorn en irae Inetéscens, 
and eborace Pres t. J. Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, pp. 59-60. 


W. Hewer York N.E. 
Notes f th Season (Lepidoptera).— Kildale [ZLarentia cesiata 
and teenie tristata abundant}. Ent. ‘Record, Aug. 15th, 1890, p. 132. 
W. Hewe * York.’ 
Notes 3 the Se canon (Lepidoptera).—. York A bee uspidia leporina, 


Core clamationis, Miana strigilis, Apanea idyma, Aylophasia folyodon, 
Masai ee sa three Plusia, Collix, Chortodes a oe —" ‘a ei tlio~ 
maria and Epione vespertaria)]. Ent. Record, Aug. I 890, p. 
Joun F. Hitts, Secretar oe Ss. 
enketh School = ield Club Laden Smerinthus fofult captured on the 
N. P- 91. 


premises]. H. J., June 15th, 1890, 
J. B. HopcKrnson. Lanc. ¥. and pd eager r Furness. 
Two Species of Micro-Lepidoptera fon hes Be hos w Paper, [Retinia 
margarotana H,-S., one, in fine condi ition, te Scote n the moors 


pe sioneraeat in June 1879; and Bryoiopha CGateotsa) 5B Hein., 
© fine Oire es taken July 5th, 1887, near Windermere College]. Ent., 
Apel 1890, p. II 
June 1893. 


1go0 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


jew oe Westmorland, Furness, sors W.&S, 
Notes on the Season 1889 [at Windermere, Stoneyhur sapag a and 
Raion -on- ne Ri bble ; Laverna sesicsgion L. paludrcolella, Neptice ula ~ Splen- 
dissimella, N. a ucupar @é, NV. tetyrella, N. continuella, te Bt le, N.  iknal 
N. minu usculella, Lithoolets ‘ein ella, Z. ste eltin sis, L. bistentella, 
Cabera rotundaria, Penthi eos ‘oii intimella Hadena glauca, 
pide ay meriegigt Nemophors “pil lel Thecla ae 
Cenonympha typhon, Hyria muricata, ne tdalia yas rata, Lycena astrarche 
var. salmacts, Cidaria reticulata, Penthina postremana, Coleophora fusco- 
cuprella, Eupithecia satyrata, Penth. sauciana, Grapholitha pita st ep. 
cryptella, NV. ote Coleo, phora fusco-cuprella, and Ephestia semtrufa). Ent., 
April 1890, pp. 138-139. 
. B. HODGKINSON. Lanc. W. 
Notes of the Season Dutton ee margarotana, Amphisa 
_csbegetinn , Penthina Pedisca ana, Peronea caledomiana, 
Plusia interrogationts, 7 farce peep lia, Pages bisontella, Grapholitha 
gzmenana, Crambus margaritellus, Carsiaimbutata, Gelechia similella, noted]. 
Ent. Rec., Sep. 15th, fy p. ae 
Ls. ees, Wes _ aboot and Lanc. W, 
otes on ine Season [at Ashton-on-Ribble ermere ; Nepticula 
sorbiclla, N hodgkinsonit, T; rfareue pulerosele, Nf asec, Nw. aucupari@, 
NV. ignobilella, NV. re aica Mises dissimella, N. gei, N. malella, N. des- 
ere Be : is z —— altcs: 


NV. lu ne a are & scopariana, Penthi bear oe ccyx vacciniana, a 


0, a : 
pada ghee e lla, Nept. woolhopiella, . QP, ent edel ‘a 
aurana, Euplexia ane cophora flavimaculella, Ornix anglicella, 
Lithocolletis cavella, and at Windermere the following :—Cidaria corylata, 
Melanthia albic Mabe, Eupithecia plumbeolata, i ge Brg eri Microp- 
teryx mansuetella, and. Cidaria reticulata). Ent., Oct. 23-325. 
PETER na folk S.E. 
Acher atropos in 1889 [a batch of ahi at Hornsea; their rearing 
detent in detail]. Ent., Jan. 1890, p. 
J.J JAc Isle of eras nen pit: 
[Exhibition of Manx Dianthecia cage scare and a very sia). 
agin Lond. Ent. Soc., July roth, 1890; om Record July fas 18, 
.M.M., Aug. a Pe p- 224; Ent., 
J. JAcEr. Isle of sans *Camberland 
Notes of the Season (Lepidopt = nde ‘ Isle col an 
Polyommatus phieas, Lycana tcar Sas atyru mele, ree meer 
Vanessa urtice, Pieris (3 species), ge wla ‘salicat, aleps e fluctuat 
a oa Palais marta, Scotosta Calne a, Boarmia repan ndat Eup. constrictala 
mt tm sn se teitern desta, L. cespitis, Anchocelis lunos 


Miana literos, dryphena orbon na, - interjecta, oy recta netacen, 

. = si tt ora meticulos Avrotis obaenet A. pyrophila, Stilbia anomala, 

hedia xerampelina, all near Ramsey, Cidaria populata and Chareas 

graminis at ea? of Sn aefe » 2,000 feet alt., adr obe ulmata : Sain Helen, 

‘Smerinthus * peat Arctia fuliginosa and Agrot S ripe, but last not so 

common as last year on the coast of Cumberland. Ent. Reseed: Oct. 15th, 
1890, pp. 181-182 

[J.] JAcer. Isle of Man. 

Exhibition of Manx Examples of Zpunda nigra, Stilbia anomala, Agrotis 

ritict, A. ° prepaila and de Sen xerampelina; a few details pec 


5 oe 


—— Lond, Ent. Soc., 3st Sep., 1890; Young ati Nov. 1890, p. 2 
. M., Nov. 1890, p. 306; Ear. Nov. 1890, p. 3 


Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY ; LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 191 


WILLIAM JOHNSON. Lan 
Arctia caja Seer om - a breeding of varieties at Aspull near wait 
Ent., April 1890, p. 


oy. Lanc. S. 
" [Plusia ripen had a June brood at a ee South Lond. Ent. 
Soc., 28th 1890; Young Nat., Sep. 1890, p. 
P. M. C. olicded Isle of Man. 
Manks Butterflies, with some notes by the late E. Biche F,L. 
and Ls aeclge [enumerating 22 species, with remarks]. penaenrner of 
I. of M. N. H.S., i. 49-51; publ. with Yn Lik Paiinnst: July 1889. 
P. M. C. K[ERMODE]. Isle 3 Man. 
Phenological Observations [made in the Isle of Man, giving date for 
ne Yn Lioar Manninagh, July 1889, p. 85. 
uM E. Isle of wa 
Address by omit Re a a nt . Delivered March 1 
1886 [vives titles — s dealing with the Manx Fei al. ” Back Pies. 
I. of Man N.H.S., on es on ubl. with Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 4, Oct. 1889. 
PMC. Beeson [not signed]. Isle of Man, 
ep Hawk Moth aco ae a gta a ; records of two near Ramsey, 
at — of ten years ; details given]. n Lioar Manninagh, July 1890, 
p. 1 


1 Se (gf eats Secretary]. yg S.E. 
orkshire Naturalists’ Union at Kirkham Abbey an 

Hee [ath Sep. 1889; Polyommatus alexis noted]. Nat., Nov. te Pp- 342. 

W. Laipiaw. Cheshire. 

[Large reed copeniras captured at Oxton in autumn — GR 
Lanc. & Ches! t. Soc., March roth, 1890; Young Nat., 

J. H. Legcu. Chevitiana 

Collecting on the Northumberland Coast [at Alnmouth; Zyce a icarus, 


go 
Cidaria er nata, Fuboli suraria, Melanippe sat v7 arentia 
. Lith 


Triphena orbona, T. subsequa, pronuba, Noctua baja, ae 

N. xanthogr apha, Cleoceris viminalis, and Xylophasia polyoaon, mostly in 

interesting varieties captured in four days]. Ent., Sep.21890, p. 292. 
York S.W. 
Eiseieltion 8 — mendica obire Eguerrecagting™ 4 City of Lond. Ent. 
16th Oct. 1890; Young Nat., 1890, p: 

T: “tad Durham. 
ycena a var. salmacis [at Castle Eden]. Ent. Record, July 15th, 


ham. 

Notes of the Season . Durham [anent Zycena salmacis, L. alexis, 
Procris geryon, Arctia caja, A. villica], Ent. Rec., Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 179. 
Jas. EanpLEY Mason. Linc. N. 
erontia atro ape — at Alford, Lincs. [several during Aug. 1889]. 


x Linc. N. 
Patura iris L [found at Welton Wood in the ‘nog? z Welton-le- airy 
near Alford, by E. Woodthorpe]. Nat., Sep. 1890, p 
Jas. EaRDLEy ae Linc. N. 
L. [one n and three more seen at Welton Wood n 
—— Alford, 2sth July, apes by Edwd, Woodthorpe]. E.M.M., one 1890, p. a6. 
une x 1893. 


192 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


{P. B.] Mason. Durham. 
[Noctua conflua from Iceland exhibited, whereupon Dr. Mason said 
the only British specimens he had seen resembling the Icelandic form were 
four taken at Wolsingham, Durham]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 5th Nov., 
1890; Ent. Rec., Nov. 15th, 1890, p. 219; Ent., ue 1890, p. 386; 
E. M. M., Dec. 1890, p. 332; Young Nat., Dec. 1890, p. 228. 
W. ar ik N.W., Durham? 
n the Season (Lepidoptera).— Darlington [Caradrina 
eabiculebls and Bombyx can tes and at Richmond Sesta mhciormith Ent. 
Record, he 5th, 1890, p 


S. L. Mos ork 
[Lepido tie observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at 
Holmfirth [roth June, 1889; Pieris rape, Fidonia yea Emmelesia 
albu col oe ee dla, lb ie PAYA ONG,, eh of Hybernia 
progem Cheimatobia brumata, C. boreata, Oporabia filigrammaria, 
Scans didyma ata, poster a populata, and Notodonta pti Nat., July 
89, p. 203. 


S. L. a York Ss 
bservatio at tones, May 1889 [Azthocharis, Tephros 
iumlalria mee puri, Abraxas ulmata, ie Asthena sylvata ted. 
225- 


5. Ty Altes York S.W. 
[Lepidoptera observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Bretton 
Park, 14th June, 1890; Zup. pygmaa 
Pecilocampa ‘pope uli, and Abraxas yr ee ; remarks]. Nat., Aug. 1890, 
a 25-2 


EWMAN. a N.W. 

"Notes of the Season (Lepidoptera).— Richmond bevth 1890: 

Hadena glauca, Cidaria stlaceata, and Pyrauste ot Ent. Reser: Aug. 
15th, 1890, p. 130. 

W. NewMa Durham or York N.W. 
saenorset f Cidaria suffumata var. piceata ponent in proportion to 
ee near Tarleton Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 239. 

R. NEWSTEAD. Che peasy 

Aes oie atropos in 1889.— < Vpatmens [larvee near Frodsham 
and Pn Manley]. Ent., Jan. 1890, p. 17 

R. i Cheshire ? 

sai margaritaria var. cee at Chester, July 29th, 1889; all the 


cle oat red]. os Jan. 1890, p. 

J. E. Nowers [Sec Derbyshire. 
omparative Seas of wee ee 1877, 1878, and 1879, around 
ur srnia 


Burton-on-Trent ; dates given nessa urlice, Pieris rap : 
progemm. pear, 2. ce icapraria, An , Hepialus 
humult, Tentocampa go ws , ZL. instabilis, e's Chestas 
Spartiata, gg oi pinta: Carmi a ra Mam — ky ica d Plusia 
gamma). 4th Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent Nat. Hist., 
J. E. Nowers. Derbi 
—— of Nature, 1887 [for Burton-on-Trent ; 


for 
Tan: rubricosa (Repton aime Cilix spinula oaxtonk or 
Tokinig didymata (Drakelow)}, Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N. H. & Arc 

Soc. for 1887-88, publ. 1888, pp. 31-32. 

Dovuctias H. PEARSON. Notts. 

Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria in Notts. [at Chilwell, rare; 
two this year]. Ent., Oct. 1890, p. 319. 

i Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 193 


ICKARD Bs rk N.W. 
" Thepidontera Pegs by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in Upper 
Teesdale [in 1889 ; Smerinthus populi, Dicranura vinula, Nipples 
dictea, N. siczac, Hadena pisi, and Acronycta bre captured on the 
So aa side or the Tees]... Nat., Sep. 1889, p. 283. 
ALE. Cheshire. 
Note es ber the Sea’ Wallasey [Wyssta zonaria, Eubolia pp atte 
~toonsahie iibicoloe Rkédavia sanguinalis, Leucania littoralis, and Agr 
kSoe wage red; notes of dates ‘and weather}. Ent. Record, Sep. tion 
p. 162. 
G, ‘hente RE. 
op wesiees ceaiel e — {a good many near Grange in Aug, and Sept. 7 ria. 
G. PopMore. Furness, 
Sphinx <cesgshashpen 1889.— Lancashire [i.e., fia four taken 
at Grange Ps ‘ath 29th, Sep. 8th, 13th], Ent., Jan. 18. 
GEORGE T, PorRI Ske S.W, 


[Exhibition of a ie series of Hybernia progemmaria to show the increase oe 
melanism at Huddersfield]. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., April 6th, 1887, p 
Yo k's 


[Exhibition of a es of Melanic Varieties of Diurnea Sagella from 
Huddersfield, fom which ci aren d the typical pars Pies had almost 
disappeared]. . Ent. Soc. Lond., Oct. 5th, 1887, p 

G7. PorRiTT ork 

Melanism in Boarmia repandata [from en ; specimens A ae 

Ent. Soc. Lond. Feb. 1889; Nat., April 1889 
Gro. T. Porr ork, and York S.W. 

The ‘ Radiated” Morice! om bay Genus Eek etc. [Arctia cp ieagem 
var. radiata not uncomm York; A. inenthastri v. walkeri occurs in 
Yorkshire ; and the Ceateapadiiine variet Mg of ra mendica occurs treaty at 

rimescar near Huddersfield]. Nat., Aug. 1889, p. 233. 
G. T. Porritt. k S.W. 

Vwtbiion in Ar ica at Huddersfield [at Ghee specimens 
bred by G. T. Piast 4 exhibited to Ent. Soc. Lond., July 3rd, 1889]. Nat., 
Nov 1889, i 

Gro. T. Porritt. York Ss. W. and Mid W. 


Scoparia basistrigalis as distinct from S. ambigualis [with references to 
the abundance of the former at Edlington Wood near Doncaster, 4th Aug 
1879; and to sa ae not uncommon one season in Bishop’s Wood (Prest), 
E. M. M., 3 h 1890, p. 88. 

Gro. T. Porri Yor ei gg -nigiaan 

Pterophorus zophodactylus [corrective of note by J. 
Os . Bram nen U- Smith) and Sandburn (W. Prest) as gio ea 
- 1890, p. 
Gro. T. Porrirr. York Mid W. 
of Tethea subtusa and Teniocampa populeti [and their habits : 
at Bishop’s Wood t e latter is the commoner of the two species]. Ent. 
of pen fon 15th, Near a p. 137- 
Gro. T. P. York Mid W. 
Phoxopte Pasi nes Yorkshire [at Askham Bogs, 31st May, 1890, 
w to oe pete list]. Nat., Sep. 1890, p. 267. 
al T. Por York S.W. 
Is itiaina ls iuncula a of M. strigilis? [question discussed and 
nati ag in the maeney™ po two being regarded as perfect pugeaig ; both 
in abundance r Huddersfield ; interesting notes given on habitat, 
a and ean goin Rec., Dec. 1 15th, 1890, p. 243. 
eee 
July 1893. 


194 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


G. PULLEN. Derbyshir 
— at Sugar at Derby [in September 1889; Xanthia "dace 
RR is oe As a Or thosia lota, Hadena proteus, Miselia oxyacanthe), 
g Nat., Feb. 1890, p. 36. 
G. Nop Derbyshire. 


Nonagria soi as z [occurs in great plenty near Derby, at the unction of 
the Midland and North eer een in the stems of Zypha 
latifolta]. Young Nat., Oct. 1890, 


NELSON fa RICHARDSON. Isle of Man. 
Varia of Phycis ere Hiib. [discussed on specimens from Isle of 
Man at oe . M. M., May 1899, p. 139. 
Joun E. Rosso Durham 
lecting a : Caenploa Flowers [which attract Plusia testes. Cucullia 
sa eco Heliothis marginata, he peltigera, Mamestr albicolon, 
M, abtjecta, Agrotis valligera, A. tritici, and A. ~— rans, some of them ne 
Ha foeak if not all]. Young Nat., jane 1890, p. 117. 


JOHN Brag 
Numeria pulveraria at Hartlepool ne 3 ~ a and one poy at 
Henleden Mek Young Nat., June 1890, p 
Joun E. Ros Northumberland S. 
:gberae tare s [an account of a visit to its locality at Gree ey 
Moors, Norhnanberland not far from the Simonside hills, 16th July, 18903 
ortrix viburnana, Anarta myrtillt, ae schulziana, and Eupithecia 
nanata, also taken]. Young Nat., Aug. 1890, p. 154. 
Joun E. Ros Durham. 
Hepialus Foie li [the flight and habits magic of the males, presumably 
at ane Young Nat., Aug, 1890, p. 154. 
Joun E. Rosso urham. 
= convolval Aid Hace 23rd August, 1890, large sate Soe 
at. 18 


ou BE. Rosso ON. 


Durham. 
rumata [on oil — at South Hetton Station, 23rd Nov., 1890} 
Young Nat., Dec. 1890, p 


G. Ross. Durham. 

The Swifts at Bishop Auckland [where all five or of Hepialus occur 5 
relative sored stated]. Young Nat., Aug. 1890, p. 155. 

J. H. RowNnTRE bir N.E. 

igor gg si ets by] The Yorkshire beige as! Union at Robin 

y [21st June, 1889; Vanessa cardut mbers, Pzeris or ee Stee 

grasnclal pl iit Chortobius Lipset Phisihaas po wee Strenia clathrata, 

Coremia Lal dara — 2lis margtnata, Emmetes ulata, i 


James H. ROWNTREE. York N.W., Durham. 
Sores arm rges epciaenne by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union in Uppe 
eesdale [in 1889 ; hoy ae sa Soo tessa cea ce, Lar ne didymata, 
p cesiata, er rf variata, Cidar. aia, -C, —— C. populata, 
pyr aliata, Eubolia iedaturaria Che graminis, Scopula jutealts, 

Xylophasa polyodon, Notodonta siceac, A chances menyanthidis and Hadena 

co. Durham]. Nat. » Sep. 1889, p. 283. 

Jc Hi. psn York S.E. 
[L pees carne observed by] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Low- 
thorpe, near a {26th ieee 1890 ; Pierts, 3 spp., Anthocharts, aa 
urtice, V. cardui, Canonympha pamphilus, hide lubrict ipeda, and 
Naturalist, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 195 


Melanippe rivata observed, and - ve Vanessa rant Arctia caja, 
Odonestis, Rumia, Odontopera, Hybers achat Cheimatobia re ig 
Melanippe montanata, Diloba SP biiala, and Miselia oxyacanth 2). 
Nat., July 1890, p. 207. 
J. H. SALTER, N. NEAVE Derbyshire or Cheshir 
On the Der ce ange Border [of erg sia cee Macclesfield ; pine a 
a sie H. J., Sep. 15th, 1890, p 


anc. S. and Cheshire. 
Insect Migratio on ~~ mallet Lane galii [argued, in criticism of Tutt’s 
paper: 


and refere o Lancashire and Cheshire evident ce]. Young 
Nat., “Se bt 1890, ot 

W. G. SHELDON. Notts, Derbyshire. 

Pecctis agathina [and its occurrence in Sherwood tye! and at 
eadsall near Derby]. Ent. Record, Aug. 15th, neha 

: ~ SLATER. York N.E. 

Colias shes at Malton [one, 30th Aug. 1889]. Nat., Oct. 1889, p. 291. 
CHARLES SMETHURST. York Mid W. 
= edusa near Aa etc. [22nd Sep. . ery pale female ; 
cord of very SSA urtice at Burley, Leeds, oad ht 1888; and 


e 
ait ng of Abraxas jrosiedplasa in 1889 at Burley]. Nat 
W. Hawker Smit oo inc. N. o 
Colias edusa near » Lincoln [a male Aug. 2oth, ree another next dey 
Nat., Nov. agi pe 352: 
Ricuarp Sout 
Variation of vie rotis tritici and A. cursoria from Lancashire [dealt with 
in a deta’ “ey manner and illustrated by woodcuts of the upper and under 
sides of the two species ; inquiry based on 34 A. ¢ritict and 45 A. cursoria 
sent by Bankes from St. Anne’s-on-the-Sea]. Ent., May 1890, pp. 145-148. 
R. S[ouru]. York S.E. 
ds ono iota mabe lefty from East Yorkshire] feeding on Hawthorn. Ent., 
une 1890, p 
(RicHarp] Sees H. 
[Exhibition of unusually Dark Form of Larentia ce oroge a from Durham, 
wiser ald common]. South London Ent sii 1890; Ent., 
Sept p- 295; E.M.M., Sept. 1890, p. 2 


: York S.W. 
Additions to the British List of Deltoids, Pyralides, and Crambi, since 
1859 [including arin beach ard r Edlington Wood, Doncaster, Aug. 4th, 


1879 (Porritt); a ella Dale, North of Engla d (Ho odgkinson)]. Ent., 
Sep. 1890, pp. aA Be fectidiee Crambus melted Tutt, Preston, 
i pager? ocellea, Laat: Homeosoma oe a Zell. var. saxicola Vaugh., 
Is larva on ads of chamomile; LZ phestia 


of Man, Sept. 1866, flower he 
desuctela Wik., Liverpock and pon cartel Zell., Preston, feeding on oil- 
cake]. Ent 305. [Including Ephestia roxburghii 


Pp- 
ea m Liverpool, pe Mebcoblapres cephalonica, York ; refer for details]. 
1890 


Sah» 90, pp. 331 and 337. 
Rictarp Sie Durham. 
Collecting in Durham (about Bishop Auckland, at Wolsingham, Castle 
Eden, and High Fane, ; Cidaria immanata, Hypsipetes sordidata, Larentia 
didymata, Cerostoma sequella, Notodonta Lasele: Pedisca solandriana, 
Argynnis aglaia, Eubotia mensuraria, ja interrogationts, entia 
testata, L. ta, Emmelesia ericetata, Lyce ar. nacts, 


Metrocampa margaritaria, Amphisa gerningana, Pamplusa mercuriana, 
aie Re es apha, N. umbrosa, > eae stg cio chi, with var. 
' 1890, p 


196 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


C: E. Sto Isle of Man. 
andieaies cesia [and Polia xanthomista (sé%groczncta) not Baas, to 
become extinct on the Manx coast}. Ent. Record, Dec. 15th, 1890 


ae: = Ca Ste 
Gis "hawt [its habits near Bolton]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. ee 
BEN. BLayDES THOMPSON York Mid W. 


Colias edusa near Harrogate ee the 5th and goth Sep., two males and 
a roan Nat., Oct. 1889, p 
Ben. BLaypDES THOMPSON. York Mid W. 
Colias Edusa at Harrogate [on = ih ei two males, and a female 
four days tied Young Nat., Feb. 


B. BLaypEs THOMPSON. York Mid W. 
Varieties of Phi igalia pilosaria [among 16 examples captured Jan. 31st, 
1890, presumably near Harrogat ~ ae one olive, and one nearly  bisck Ee 


Ent. Record, ai 15th, 1890, p. 
B. BLAYDES THOMPsS 
Early Spring Moth = (near Harrogate ; Hybernia progemmaria, Phigalia 
Hf. rupicapraria, Clajtiate dia sha iat and Depressarigz, all on 31st Jan.]. 
Ent. Record, ee 15th, 1890, p. 


C. F. TaoRNEwW Derbyshire. 
[Captures bd Lepidoptera near Burton- agthehh vk in April and May 1877; 
dates given for 7entocampa stabilis, T. got. — T. gracilis, T. populett, 
Hybernia ig cet maria, Gonepteryx rham "Seeuie wlunaria, Cidaria 


eat Anticlea derivata, and A. bad. ‘ata, znd Ann. Rep. Burton-on- 
. H. S., March 26th, 1878, p. 18. 
CuHas. F. THORNEWILL. Derbyshire. 
Calendar of Dee for 1882 [near Burton-on-Trent ; 
Hybernia day oe 18 do: Phigalia, Anticlea badiata, T. entoca mpa (five species), 


Cirrhedia, [odis lactearia, Cilix spinula, Cucullia verbasci, Noctua plecta, 

vanthecia ie. mphidasys “Belles , Halias prasinana, Fidonia 
piniaria, Uy a camelina ippe montanata, mia, Hepialus 
lupulinus, Emme. a, (at Repton Shrubs), Srerinthus popult, 
Acronvcta megacephala, sta rurea, Ac. psi, Eupithecia absynthiata 
Ac. ¢ Ss, Ebulea sambucalis, rentia dtd; , flydrocampa stag alts, 


ZOne a 

Caradrina cubicularis, Acidalia incanaria, Pyralis farinalis, Lupithecia 

absynthiata (Willington), Hydrecia micace ot Noctua rubi, Anc choc lis geste 
t N. 


and Phlogophora miteuliaty 7th Ann. Rep, eet -on-Tre 
Arch. Soc. for year ending 31st lle 1085. 3 p: 
C. F. THORNEWILL. Derbyshire. 
Cal of Nature, 1883 [at Burton-on-Trent: date for 7anio- 


given for 7am 
ampa gothica, T. instabilis, Pieris, T. populeti, T. Seabee T. cruda (these 


three at Bretby), Cirrhedia x xerampelina, achea piniterda, Eup lariciata, 
Anth cena argiolus, Pa petraria (the three at Parson’s Brake) 
Noctua plecta, Melanippe fluctuata, Halia 2 ja, Thera variata, Acronycta 

lu ,» Rumia, “sia gamma ina cubicudarts, 
ao anitee e Snag om fodis lactea 7 ruata, Asthena blo yey see 


ria, Eup. exig then 
psipetes ruberata, E mmncesia affinitata, Cidaria cory cory: 
To eles pn heey iets seen ay S. hgustri, Eup. abs jeyathiale, 


Sesia tipuliformis, Acidalia ‘Nola cucullatella, Mania tyfica, 
Acronycta megacephala, Ti cy Fa freee; Xylophasia poly codon , Hydrocampa 
stagnalis, aur nthia cardut, Anchocelts litura, Acidalia 


Tynthi 
inornata, ol ice ce mata]. 8th Ann. Kep. Burton-on-Trent 
N. H. & Arch. Soc. , year ending 31st Dec. 1883, pub. 1884, pp. 20-21. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, I8go0. 197 


GF: Saemeest Derbyshire, sich on 
Calendar of Nature, 1884 [at Burton-on-Trent ; dates given for Hyder 

rpc aria (Winshill), Phzgala, Tent ee ‘instabilis, Hadena ole ecu 

eris rape, Eup. abbreviata 'Repto bs), Azthocharis cardamines, 

P vie by rasst ce, LHybernia ts taria (Rept Suro): Chetmatobia boreata 


ip. 
Eee. Melanippe montanata Wiehe on Shrubs), Acron nycla pst, Pione 


Shrubs), fate Ibicillata (Repton n Shrubs ), Acidalia tncanaria, Mamestra 
brassicae, Miana fascial. Heptates ham A relia lubricipeda, Caradrina 
cubtcularis, Plusia chryst 

Diloba ceruleocephala, ‘Note sepa sot A nticlea badiata, Pygera bucephala, 
Cucullia umbratica, Plusia ‘hie P. pulchrina, Agrotis segetum, Dianthec 


cucubali, Caradrina morpheus, Axylia putris, Dianthecta carpophaga a, A arene 

exclamattionts, ophasia polyodon, Triphena pronu ia stlago, 
ua, Nonagria (Willington), Moctua umbrosa, ip 

stratiotalis, Eubolia mensuraria ( swe otts), Dianthecta capsincola 


(Cresswell, Notts), Hp. nanata A ei an narta myrtilli (Eyam)]. 
oth Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N. H. & Arch. Soc. for 1884, publ. 1885, 


C. F. THORNEWILL. Spina aet 
Calendar of Nature, 1885 [near Burton-on-Trent; 


: [ dates given for 
Phigalia, Selenia illunaria, Tenioc spite gothica , Amphi zdasis iprotromaria, 
dart a, diata, Hy 


x 
iS) 
3 
& 
a 
S 
5 
= 
5 
a 
DH 
AY 
S 
= 
ns 
R 
S: 
+ 
NS 
& 
n 8 
s 
= 
s* 
5 
SS 
a 
g 
a 
aS 
& 
= 
: 


Aedes 3 Hyb. aurantiaria, and Himera penna 
rton-on- Penk N. A. & Arch. Soc. pale 1885, pub. 1886, pp. 2I- 
C, F. Tome 3 Deane 
Calendar of Nature, 1886 [for Burton-on-Trent ; given 
Hybe ster tits ia maria, Alucita pda, Hy. haplaprart inthe 
Lane), Amphidasis ap a, miter: Cucull: ta verbasct, 
LTeniocampa stabilis (Bretby), 7. instabilis “Br by), 7. rubricosa (Bretby), 
- Populeti (Bretby), 7: gothic (Bretby), 7: ade yBretby), Vanessa urtice, 
Pieris rape, Dicranura vin: Cc rhea peice sem reneotng * Xanthia 
or Z 


a (Bre ark), F2p. z on 
ubs), 9 pre shescond Fagin hora —T ‘esa, Cheimatobia 
Hi toth Ann. Rep. 

24. 


Se 
(Willington), up. rer nge " Scotosia certat ee , Melan 
‘a, Eup. vulgata, Caradrina cubicula aie pre eines ace 


July 1893. 


198 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


libatrix, — or beet Hepialus lupulinus, atone basen 
Agrotis suffiusa 
ray certata, - 16 ‘tia yeaa, Dianthecia carpephage, Arctia ges 
A. lubricipeda, Eup. lariciata (Decoy Wood, i by), Asthena blomeri 
(Hoofie’s Wood, Bretby), gates! ulmata f an sings bees Bretly), Thecla 

w-album (Hoofie’s Wood, )y Agr Emm aii 
affinitata (Bretby), Eb. decolorata (Brel pial pa a Brak), Hadena 
oleracea, Acronycta a sae Xylopha ru. hove ey ey pose a 

Agrotis exclam nein, Lon aspilt is mar; ies (Br by), Lup. absynthiata, 
Ag lerotis ‘ie Fbu ambucalis, akg i tus (Bretby, ‘Velonthia lbicillata 
(Bretby), £ is falar 7a Don _ y), nes certata pleby), Coremia 
propugs ae are ania typica, Triphena pro Mamestra anceps, Pionea 
agen Xx. ylophasia poly ee lua augur Cidaria populata, Thecla 
bum, Xan oe : wi pate) Rhdciong dia rat als Nonagria 

ro 


= 
megacephala, Ber eek — pogonis, ge ‘ida lia incanaria, pes pst, Xanthia 
, le ‘ Parapo nyx ness total tee toe Epione apiciaria, Phibalapteryx 
lignata, Acidalia animis, age populi, Hadena 
art SSA Tl 


hrubs), Oforabi ta dilut eae it eR i tubs), Chezm atobia brumata (Repton 

Shrubs), and 7 PR on Shrubs)]. = oe nn. Rep. Burton- 
on-Trent N. H. ae pte ce, for F386, pub. 1887, p H 

pba ie Luge Seal ides hire. 

Calendar o: 1887 [at Burton-on-Trent ; dates given for Phiga/ia, 


Ti ce reine. pats Antsopteryx escularia, Ten. instabilis, Scotosia 
ertata arrhe N E 


fid a( 
Ypsipetes oo (do.), Ci a propugn piers Eupithecta nanata 
(do.), zp. z re we x ‘dlanthin ocellata (a. ), Bupisteria heparata (do.), 
Thera ylbony | o.), Z. variata (do.), Cheimatobia boreata (do.), Arctia 
Suliginosa, Vatants camelina Leal ), Platypteryx lacertula, Acronycta 
sent Dianthecia capsincola, Agrotis segetum, oo ina cubicularis, Hadena 
oleracea, Pionea forficalis, we astigata, Eup. pulchellata, Dianthaecia 
Pare Platypierys falcula, Abrostola triplasia, Apamea unanimis, 
Euplex . ’ ‘a chryst ‘tS, 


re ae A 
Eup. absynthiata oe he ay hie: Pgh ina, ace CO: tale 
(Stapenhill), Zz. Se (Stapenhill), Hade ena oleracea ile phill), 
ane, 2 pton Shrubs), 


(4 a Zh. 
N. H. & Arch. con for 1887-88, pub. 1888, pp. 29-30. 
Cuas. F. THORNEWILL Derbyshire. 
rt e Entomolo ogical Section [of the Burton-on-Trent N.H. 
for year 1889 phzenoloyical notes on Lhecla bey soeiton in Repton Sh rubs; 
its ra variata and Macaria liturata in Hoofie’s Wood, Acherontia atropos 
gles aid — of Sphinx optus. Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent 
NA H.S. for 1889, p pene 
Naturalist, — 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 199 


C. F. THORNEWIL Derbyshire. 
Calendar of N ice, 1888 [near Burton-on-Trent; dates given for 
Hybernia progemmaria, Amphidasis prodromaria, Tentocampa  stabilis, 

T. instabilis, T. gothica, oe vachea vee thi Lecilocanipa ass ae [shes 


punctulata, Eup. albipunctata, LE. indigata, Arctia mendica, P. 

Anthocharis cardamines, T, ephro sta Dimundularia Lobopho ra hexaplerate se 
Repton Shrubs, Lup. cer ee 
en aepe ainiy Ongyia ‘pudibunde, ‘Cidaria corylata, Fidonia piniari 
Haden 


gints, code Take Parboei, Hepialus a Rumia, Smerin os ‘popu 
Dianthecta ses , Botys ih Cabera pusaria, Amphidasts eS 
Eup. pulchellata, Emmelesia albulat a, Lup. valeria nata, Mamestra persicaria, 
zanthecia _— cola, Axylia putris, grotis segetum, Hadena oleracea, 
Plusia —— L. pulchrina, Caradrina morpheus, Agrotis rg 
Lup. absyn thiate, Mamestra anceps, Cucullia umbratica, Abrostola triplasia, 
iphena pronuba, Hadena dentina, Ebulea samipuices lis, Eup. subnotata, 


ecla 
at H 
oo ‘Nanthin err ul mk . gilvago at *caiontles Park ; 7richiura 


a 
tyrus hyperanthus, Cidaria Wo) cerry Wactins mnea, Hadena dentina, 
ypena ale ese and Anthocharis cardamines at Stretton- -en-le- Field]. 

Sone tton-on-Trent N.H. rs for 1889, pp. 22-24. 
Cc. Seriya ILL a 
[Two appar rently Distinct Forms of phe ete —_- round Bur eed 
Trent, one in the a country, one inthe woods]. Birm. March 3rd 
1890; E.M.M 1 1890, p. 118 ; Ent. "Apa 1890, “ge 
Cuas. F, THORNEWILL. | pat secs 
Report of the Ent ological Section [of the Burton-on-Trent N.H. 
larvee of Diantheci iets ch eae in the writer’s garden, Burton -on- Treuth 
Ann. Rep. Burton-on-Trent N.H.S. for year ended Sep. 3oth 
CUF, Thoms Meta. 
Calendar of Nature, 1889 [for eg Sat ene district; dates gi 
re 


e m ‘a ih 
hexapterata at oatnd Shrubs, and for Per7s rane, geese ie abruptaria, 
Scotosia certata,, rinthus populi, Emmelesia decolorata, —- 
cucu ubali, Abrostola era and Cheimatobia ama. in addition to numero 

others ‘ eme ames d from pupa’]. Ann. Rep. Burt rton-on-Trent N.H.S., for r year 
ending 30th Sept. ieee | p. 21. 


T. Tunstau Cheshire. 
pring Notes [from Cheshire sandhills; Zudo/ia a (virgata) on 
12th April, ol Ent. Record, June 15th, 1890, p 

THos. Lpsing ng ee S. or Cheshire? 

Notes aga armiger the only 


of the Season Warrington 
good thing taken]. Ent. Rec., Sept. 15th, «84 p- 
July 1893. 


200 BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 


i wotkors Lanc. S. or Cheshire. 
Contributions towards a List of the Varieties of Noct ctuz occuring 

the British Islands [Apamea leucostigma Hb. var. albipuncta mihi, occurs 

a few oie from Warrington together with type and var. jntormedin mihi]. 

1890, p. 13. 


Ent., Jan 

Fees ok Mid W., N.E. and S.W., Durham ? Northumb. S., ate 4 re: 
J. w Cheshire, Lance. S-, Lake District, and Isle of M 

The i with particulars of Porritt wh 
Deonis s’s Saltburn capture of P. ochrodactyla Hbsa7 Vakrmlacsiens Muhl., 
and its presence at Huddersfield and Darlington ; and P. dertrami Rossl. at 
sk og in abundance}. . = » pp. 18-26. 
[Pterophorus gonodactylus Schiff. ; commonest 
plumes in Yorkshire (Porritt) ; - ikem ‘Darlington q gegen District, Man- 
chester, Mek levine on 6 ork (Stainton’s Manual )}. 
Young -, July 1890, pp. pie malas that the Isle of 


eer 
Man be een er for Prksla zetterstedtit, though it has not yet occurred 
a Young Nat., Oct. 1890, p. 182. 
ge red Mop Westmorland. 
Notes on Sia (Gelechia) junctella [argumentation based in part on Withers- 
lack examples]. Ent. Record, April 15th, 1890, pp. 7-9. 
ee By : 
hei te ligustri var. nigra [taken by A. E. Hall, June 11th, 1888, in 
Wadworth Wood, near Doncaster]. Ent. Record, May 15th, 1890, p. 34. 
jo We Tor Notts. 
Theristis mhcronella (caudella, Sta.) var. striata [sent by W. Daws of 
nsfield ; described]. Ent. Record, May rah, 1890, p. 35. 
Jew. poe aah ag kk ae 
[Hydrecia petasitis at Sheffield taken in the factory yards on the plan 
rowing among the refuse, but very rarely rnc} ~- larger plants ok Saacite 
vulgaris growing on the river banks]. Sout . Ent. Soc., April 24th, 
1890; E. M. en oe 1890, p. 165; Ent., oie shen, p. 207; Young Nat., 
June 1890, p. 


} 


Isle of Man, aby Lanc. S., Cheshire, a doa 
Jw. bai ork Ss. 'W. and Mid W., iar 
Melanism and Melanochro ag oe ish Lepidoptera [disc 
detail, aA the climatic pects of Lanctshire and | West Yorkshire — 
sidered; Amphidas's betul 
B. repandata, Diurnea jivella, and fybernia a progemmaria att 


Record, June 15th, bg pp- 49-56. [Full account by Mr. Sheldon of i the 
increas Tephrosia biundularia ne arma 
repandata near Huddersfield. T. biundularia and its total change of colour in 
D rest, the same in Amphidaszs betularia in Sou e, es 0 


th 
Derby and at Mansfield; &. rhomboidaria, Diurnea jfagella, Hybern 
progemmaria, Cidaria russata and Arctia medica near Huddersfield a 
Sheffield]. Ent. Record, July 15th, 1890, pp. 84-90. [References made to 
m and Yorkshire variation in Po/ia chi]. Ent. Record, Oct. 15th, 
te 


[i Wyk nage S. or Cheshire. 
[Exhibition of Melanic Form of Cidaria immanata on]. 
of London Ent. Soc., 15th we rah Ent. on, sg te 15th, 1890, 

abe Young Nat., July 1890, p. 138. 

4 ee Mig and T. D. A. ERS York S.W. 
Additio > oe ee itish List and Changes in Nomenclature [4 sie oon 
proms See nov. zigra Tutt, near Doncaster, Apamea ssp ed var. 
intermedia Tutt, near ab Wiariiogeaet Ent. Record, Sept. 15th, 1890, p- 151. 


Naturalist, 


. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : LEPIDOPTERA, 1890. 201 


jews Tor Not 
Zygon lonicere imago with eae - larva [bred from Mansfield pupze 
two imagines emerged with the heads of the larva still 

change "ee. Record, Oct. Tk 1890, p. 174. 
W. Tutt [signed ‘ Ed.’]. Durham. 
[Footnote to note on] Local Form of Abraxas ulmata [with respect to 
large and small forms being in abundance together in Durham]. Ent. Record, 

Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 177. 


pow. Lure: Lanc. S. or W. 
Crambus salinellus near Preston [correcting an error of nomenclature, 
the species having been erroneously reported as C. beatae toaaltas Nat., 
Nov. 1890, p. poe: 
Ja.W. TuTT, Lanc. W. 


Time of Sepence of Peronea hastiana [as observed in examples from 
St. Anne’s-on-Sea]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 263. 
F. A. Wal York. 
Note on “Cidaria immanata from Iceland [also that var. ¢hingval/ata Staud. 
exactly corresponds to a specimen in R. South’s collection, taken a t York]. 
Ent., Feb. ie p- 66. 


SAMUEL WALK York Mid W. 
Colias edusa in 1889; Additional Record—Yorkshire ae" igo on Selby 
and York Road, near Bishop Wood, Sept. 5th, 1889]. Ent., . 1890, p. 69. 
S. WALKER. York N.E. 
pues Bon pe jcoe c= ar. [criticising adversely the editor’s 
ote - Hewett record; and asonar given of other specimens]. nt., 
Mach eon 100. 
S. WALKER. York ? 
Spring Notes [presumably ri York; Lobophora lobulata taken}. Ent. 
Record, me I5th, 1890, p. 
S. Sein ‘York.’ 
Notes of the Season (Lepidopter, York [ Zeniocampa populeti, 


ay hed subtusa, and Hybernia awa “ta : common]. Ent. Record, Aug. 15th, 
5 ps 128. 


* Ware York Mid W. and ? N.E. 
Notes of the Seas York [Leucania pudorina, Acronycta 

(Cup) “rin wet at Aakhaun Bog Hyd hia unca, noted]. Ent. Rec., 

15th 156. 


S. . ER. ‘ York.’ 


yore a0 of Cidaria suffumata var. eon {and of type; both occur 
tk]. Ent. Rec., Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 


S. “ge eo 

Chrysophanus us phlzas var. apie eee captured at Strensall Common]. 
Ent. Record, Dec. 15th, 1890, p. 2 

UJ. R. Wetiman. bet new 

fer nae-ta of Le mer oo idee Ene ae 


Lond. Ent. Soc., No ve Pi ee eo, awe Nat., Jan. 1890, 
Pp. Ir; Sag Peg 1890, p. 23; E. M. M.,, Feb. 1890, p- 
J. R.] Wertman. Isle of Man. 
Exhibition of Manx Eupithecia venosata which had been two years in 
pupa]. South Lond. Ent. Soc., oe 12th, 1890; Young. ~ July 1890, 
P. 1393 Ent., July 1890, p. 237; E. M. M., Aug. 1890, p 


202 NOTE: LEPIDOPTERA NEAR LINCOLN. 


[J. R.] WELLMAN. Isle of M 
{Exhibition of Manx Eupithecia rectangulata var. nigrosericeata and 
Eup. venosata|. South Lond. Ent. Soc., June bate 1890; Ent. Record, 
uly 15th 


J. WELLMAN. sle of 
Retarded Emergences [of Manx EP a at venosata, two years in pupal 
stage]. Ent. Record, July 1 ane 1890, p. 109, 


J. Rel So Isle of “art Lance. S. 
Exhibiti oP) "Dinst thecia cucubali, Liverpool, and D. ophaga 

var. eapopit Dup., Isle of Man]. South Lond. Ent. Soc., ieee ghina Pi 
E.M.M , p. 224; Ent., Aug. 1890, p. 266; Young Nat., Au 

1890, p 
Derbyshire. 
[Exhibition of Celena pig 2 from we South Lond. Ent. Soc., 
th, 1890; Ent , Oct. 15th, 1890, p. 
As ARD oOo ‘ 
olias edusa, Van , and other Butterflies near Alford, Lincs. 


essa cardui 
Latter: given of these and Melanar, gar galathea, and 16 “acu wre 
ated as taken during the season of 1889]. Nat., Feb. 1890, 
nie , NG. vo S.W. 
t cbidions 1889 - Rotherham [detailed notes on 77iphena 
ep paste a Seeds bccn ipa, ‘Genres  palestitie a, Cerastis vaccinti, 7 hecla 
-album, Cymatophora ee ephos parthenias, Geometra papilionaria, 
Pacilocanpa Nyssta Euperia fulvago, Dicranura bifida, jes 
a, NV. dnlier hs. — giczac and Lobophora halterata). Ent., Fe 
> Dt 

J. N. Younce. York 
he Sallow Season of 1890 Rotherham [Scopelosoma satellitia, 
Cerastis hss a “T bigs cruda, T. gothi ica, T. instadbilt. ts 7. stabilis, 
LTH , I. munda, T. populet, " Pachnobia leucogr rapha ; the sallows are 

ten titles or more cease from Rotherham]. Ent., June 1 be 202. 
J. N. Younc. York S.W. 
Note on the Life-History of ee quercus v. callunz [as studied 

near Rotherham]. Ent., Aug. 1890, p. 259. 

Joun M. You York S.W. 
arve of Triphena fimbria [near peaaiey infested by Cpls 
mixtus Grav.|. Ent, Aug. 1890, p. 2 


NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA. 


Lepidoptera near Lincoln.— During a walk through one of the woods near 
Saxilby, six t miles north- ewe of Lincoln, on May 2ist, a fol lowing butterflies 
—Pi 


weris brassicae, P. rape, P. napi, Antioch ris cardamines, all 
common ; ‘Areynnis selene, A. euphrosyne, abundant ; nessa atalanta, one 
pom nee Bieettinge-=! pamphilus, abunda e ; Polommatus sphlas, one ; Lycena 
alexis, Thanaos tages, Hesperia sylvanus, common; H. ba ola 
resi Bag a end of shinken species within a ve cial are Many s of 
moths were also noticed, among which may be mentioned jeiitee raise fist 
Jormis, fairly common; Heliodes arbuti, several; LEyclidia mi, E. glyphica; 
Melanippe hastata, several, etc., etc he following day, near Lang th, 
* jon sata inde flies were again seen, a dition, Satymus megera 


and, in addi : 
e also noticed, with the exception of £2. glyphica, Dit SB 
addition the ollowing species were taken :—ZLithosia  bricollis, Halias prasinana, 
Thy ora or (th wi 


ie pore edhe bane my cee er took, near Lincoln, a number of larvze and pupx of 
Thecla w-album.—J. W. Carr, Uiaivessity College, Mudiorhece Pues 1st, 1893- 


Naturalist 


203 


SOME STRAY NOTES FROM THE 
YORKSHIRE COAST IN THE SPRING OF 1893. 


JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., 
Eaton Hall, Retford. 


In ‘The Naturalist’ for Avilh 1893, p. 105, in my notes on the 
migratory flocks of purple-headed Starlings, seen near the coast in 
Holderness in February, I omitted to state that the eight shot on 
February 25th from one flock were all males, and that six shot from 
another flock on March 19th were females. This is suggestive of 
the separation of the sexes at the period of migration. 

In the first week in March I was shown two Ruffs (Machetes 
pugnax) taken in a plover-net near Tetney, which had already partly 
got the nuptial plumage. When at Flamborough in May, I saw at 
the house of a fisherman a Crane (Grus communis) shot by Mr. John 
Huddleston, farmer, of that place, from a field near his house in the 
last week in February 1892. This had been skinned and set up by 
the late Mr. Jones, of Bridlington. It is, I think, a young bird of 
the previous year, and has oe and no red patch on the crown, 
and the hind plumes are shor 

Two Avocets Reuroasid avocetta) were seen some days to 
haunt a pond near the lighthouse at Flamborough during the last 
week of April. It appears from a paragraph, by Mr. Boyes, which 
appeared in ‘ The Field’ of May 27th, that one of these, a female, 
was shot—a most regrettable circumstance, as it is not improbable 
the birds would have remained in the district. 

One Black Redstart and two Pied Flycatchers (AZuscicapa atri- 
capilla) had been seen early in May. I saw two adult males of 
£. titys which had been captured in gardens at Flamborough in the 
Spring of 1891. It is not generally known that this species is 
almost a regular immigrant to the Headland in the spring and 
autumn, appearing earlier than the common species, and about 
a month later in the autumn. In the spring of 1891, as Mr. Bailey 
told me, many were seen; first, scores on April 6th, and again 
a great rush on May roth and rith. These seem to have been 
Spread over a considerable district in hedge-row and garden, along 
with Pied Flycatchers, Common Redstarts, and other small species. 
All the Black Redstarts observed were adult males; I do not think, 
however, that local observers ftps be able to agi gle between 
the females of the two specie 

On May rrth, Mr. Bailey and I, when at the seniohon Cliffs, 
Saw an adult male Lapland Bunting (Plectrophanes lapponicus) in 


ey, 


July 1893. 


204 CORDEAUX: STRAY NOTES FROM THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 


summer plumage, sitting in the short herbage at the very edge of 
the cliff; we both observed it through binoculars for some little time, 
till it flew down the face of the cliff amongst the Guillemot and other 
rock birds, and did not appear again. The intense velvety black of 
the dark parts particularly struck the eye as contrasting with the 
yellow bill, broad white streak above the eye, and chestnut collar. 
The ordinary rock birds on the cliffs are in great force, and now 
occupy places on the lower cliffs south of the north landing, which 

were not tenanted some years since. When I first knew Flamborough, 
_ only a few pair of Stock-Doves (Columba enas) bred there—now there 
are hundreds. In the spring of 1892, a pair of Green Cormorant 
(Phalacrocorax graculus) were often seen about the cliffs, and showed 
every disposition to remain and nest; I fear, however, from what 
I heard, those were shot by the fishermen, who are not proof against 
the bribes offered by greedy collectors and mercenary dealers, who 
more than any others are mainly responsible for the continued 
destruction and extermination of our rarer bird visitors. 


one season by these most persistent and cunning pilferers must be 
very great indeed, and they abound in every part of the cliffs. 
Fishermen say that the Daws do not always plunder with impunity, 
for the outraged Guillemot has been seen to seize the thief by the 
neck and carry him down to the water, thus miserably to perish. 
As far as I can judge, this species seems everywhere to be decidedly 
on the increase, accommodating themselves to any holes they can 
appropriate, whether it be the cliffs of Flamborough, the ancient 
oaks of Sherwood and Birklands, a church tower or unuse 
chimney ; and are equally at home amongst the burrows of a rabbit- 
warren. Rock Pipits seem very numerous along the cliff, and in one 
place I saw half-a-dozen Tree Sparrows (fasser montanus) on the 
guard-fence, and from their actions concluded that they were probably 
nesting somewhere just below the summit. The grassy slopes along 
the crest of the Flamborough cliffs, having a northern aspect, ar€ 
now thickly sprinkled with pale primroses, which I always think are 
the smallest blooms and latest in flowering I ever see in England. 
The Golden-crested Wren, so abundant on migration in the 
autumn, is known at Flamborough as the ‘woodcock pilot’; but at 
Filey the fishermen call it the ‘herring-spink.’ This name is, I aiso 


————— 


Naturalist, 


CORDEAUX: STRAY NOTES FROM THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 205 


find, common amongst the fishermen in East Suffolk, from the fact 
that these little wanderers are accustomed to alight on the boats 
when at sea in the herring season, and they are then considered to 
indicate good luck and a heavy catch. 

When I was at Flamborough a large but somewhat lean cod was 
brought in by one of the boats, and on opening and cleaning this 
fifty-nine hooks were found in the stomach. These were white- 
tinned hooks, medium size, about two inches long, and still had 
pieces of whelk-bait adhering. These were not Flamborough hooks, 
for the whipping extended further down the shanks than in those 
in use on the headland. I can only conjecture that some fisherman 

d 


Occasionally turn up from the stomachs of animals. For instance, 
I have seen a handful of nails—double-tens—taken from an ox, 
-Slaughtered because it was ‘doing badly.’ And I have now on the 
table a fence iron spike, 74 inches long, and weighing 23 oz., which 
was taken from the inside of a Christmas goose in 18g1, reared, 
fed, and dressed on the premises. 

Near Kilnsea, on the 13th, I saw two Cormorants (Phadlacrocorax 
carbo) flying north. A pair are reported as having nested and got o 
their young from a wreck on the coast north of this place, but 
I cannot ascertain if this is the fact. Two Dotterel (Zudromias 
morinellus) were seen in a field near the beacon in the second week 
in May, but up to the end of the month I have not heard of any 
having been observed in their old quarters in Lincolnshire. 

In the middle of May I watched some very beautiful Turnstones 
(Strepsilas interpres), in adult plumage, foraging amongst the tide- 
wrack ; also some Whimbrel. Several Red Godwit (Zimosa lapponica) 
were dito seen early in May, and on the 14th I saw a single 
Grey Crow (Corvus cornix). 

I notice that the Snipe which nest in the meadows near the 
River Idle, in Notts, not unfrequently perch on cattle rails, and 
I recently saw one on the summit of an old thorn which did not fly 
before I had got close to it. The Redshank here also frequently 
alights on gates and rails. 

Have any of the readers of ‘The Naturalist’ remarked the very 
small size this year of the orange-tip butterfly (A*thocharts 
cardamines)? I have seen several so small that I could scarcely 
imagine they could belong to the same species. 

July 1853. 


THE BIRDS OF DERBYSHIRE. 
The | pried bat Sagi — , with Map and Six Illustrations, p Ke 


London : | Bemrose & Sons Limited | 1 ey a ae es 
8vo., 239 pp., with Map and Six Titeaivations 

The faunal area included within the political boundaries of 
Derbyshire is a comparatively limited one, not exceeding 1,030 
square miles. This may be divided into three parts having very 
distinct features: the southern plains, central hill district, and the 
mountainous north, where bleak treeless uplands, on the borders 
of Yorkshire and Cheshire, rise to an elevation of over 2,000 feet, 
and form the well-known Peak district, intersected, however, with 
well sheltered and lovely dales. From this it may be understood 
that the scenery is widely contrasting, and that this diversity of 
surface naturally favours a great variety of animal life. The county 
also owes much of the richness of its avi-fauna to the river valleys 
of the Derwent and the noble Trent, which in spring and autumn 
are highways of migration leading far inland. This is especially the 
case with the Trent valley, where much the greater number of rare 
and occasional inland stragglers from the coast have from time to 
time been seen or obtained. 

The total number of species of birds occurring or reputed to 
have occurred is 241; 84 being residents, 72 migrants, and the 
large number of 85 are casual visitors. Of those classed by the 
author as regular. migrants, he thinks that the Pied Flycatcher, 
Blue-headed Wagtail, and Stone Curlew must now be considered to 
hold a very doubtful position in the county list. 

The characteristic birds of the High Peak district are the 
Ring Ouzel, Dipper, Grey Wagtail, Twite, Merlin, Common Sand- 
piper, Curlew, Golden Plover, and probably the Dunlin, but the 
Dipper appears to be less common than formerly. The Black 
Redstart has been observed in Derbyshire but once a has 
probably been overlooked, the frequency of its occurrence in 
Nottinghamshire pointing to this conclusion. The Dartford ‘Warbler 
has also been once obtained—a pair on Melbourne Common in the 
winter of 1840 

The Fire-crested Wren, although recorded but twice, is probably 
more frequent than is generally supposed, so also the Pied F lycatcher 

a summer resident or on migration. The Red- backed Shrike is 


on 

instance. ‘The Goldfinch, Stonechat, and Woodlark are declining. 

The information referring to the Cirl Bunting is meagre and 
Naturalist, 


WHITLOCK: THE BIRDS OF DERBYSHIRE. 207 


unsatisfactory. The Raven is extinct as a breeder, and praiseworthy 
attempts to reinstate him in his ancient haunts have failed. Gre 
Crows follow the Trent from the east coast, and are common in the 
south-east of the county. The Bee-eater, Roller, and Hoopoe have 
all been obtained, the latter frequently, so also the Golden Oriole. 
Attractive in plumage, and strangers, they are invariably hunted 
down and slain. 

A few pairs of Short-eared Owls breed annually on the moors of 
the Peak, and there is good evidence that the Snowy Owl has been 
seen twice, and the Eagle Owl once. The Hen Harrier has probably 
not nested anywhere in the county during the last quarter of 
a century, and the Common Buzzard is practically extinct. In 1668, 
according to Willughby, a pair of Golden Eagles had a nest in 
a hamlet called ‘ Woodlands,’ in the High Peak, but we have no 
record when they ceased to breed in the county. Glover, in his 
‘ History of the County of Derby,’ 1829, records the Goshawk in his 
list of birds, and Pilkington, writing in 1789, includes the Kite as 
one of the common birds of prey. There is good evidence that the 
Hobby nested as recently as 1891, and a few pairs of Merlin still 
continue to breed in the High Peak 

Reference has already been made to the numerous additions, from 
time to time, made to the county list of birds, from the valley of the 


Heron, and Glossy Ibis. The Common Bittern, too, is most often 
observed in the Trent valley. Five species of Geese, two of Swan, 
and twelve of Duck, have been obtained from the same waters ; the 
Goosander is common in winter, the Merganser rare, and the Smew 
an occasional visitor. The Turtle Dove is a decidedly increasing 
species ; the Black Grouse has become a comparatively local bird ; 
Dotterel are annual spring visitors to the Peak. The Golden Plover 
breeds not uncommonly on the high moors, so probably the Dunlin, 
although the nest has not yet been found. The Grey Plover, Oyster- 
Catcher, Avocet, Grey Phalarope, Knot, Sanderling, Ruff, Green 
Sandpiper, Greenshank, Bar-tailed Godwit, and Whimbrel have all 
been got from Trent side. The Ringed Plover passes up this river 
valley, in April and May, with great regularity, returning again in 
August ; these appear to belong to a small race which, probably, 
Comes to us from the south in the spring, and may be distinguished 
by their smaller size, darker mantle, and more sharply defined and 
brighter colouration. It is satisfactory to learn that during the last 
twenty years, the Redshank has established itself as a breeding 
Species and appears to be annually increasing ; the same may be 
Said of the neighbouring county of Nottingham. Mr. Whitlock 
Tuly 1893, 1893. 


208 NOTES AND NEWS. 


records eight Terns, seven Gulls, and three Skuas, but the evidence, 
as the author admits, in connection with the occurrences of the 
Roseate Tern, the Pomatorhine and Buffon’s Skuas, is anything but 
satisfactory. 

The Great Northern and the Red-throated Divers have both been 
seen or obtained on several occasions, and all the five Grebes are 
included in Mr. Whitlock’s list from the Trent. There is one 


Petrels and Stormy Petrels have been obtained. The Manx Shear- 
water has so frequently occurred, both in Derbyshire and Nottingham- 
shire, that its presence is suggestive of an overland route of migration 
followed by this species along the course of the river. 

The volume contains an excellent map and the illustrations 
of Derbyshire scenery add much to the interest of the work. 
Mr. Whitlock, with the assistance of his colleague, Mr. A. 
Hutchinson, whose notes are a mee with the text, hiss 
succeeded in collecting and recording a great amount of local 
information on birds, with the result that ie material has been 
dealt with thoroughly well and in a most conscientious and 
painstaking manner. The volume is, we consider, a valuable 
addition to the growing list of county faunas, which will be referred 


03 
- 
wm 
bs) 
n 
fo 
ctr 
(ay) 
rat 
ct 
oo 
° 
° 
o, 
a & 
po 
mn 
wm 
1 
a] 
ap 
ee 
~ 
sy 
mn 
Cc 
Acs 
4°) 
oO 
cot 
fa?) 


ch y n 
beginning, mtb ies and the readers of the book wil admit a 
very good o we 


NOTES AND NEWS. 
see that our old friend Mr. George Massee, the author of the ‘British 
Fungus Flora,’ has received the > econ at the Royal Herbarium at Kew 
which Dr. Cooke vacated some time 


ors 
The Sages agente one-inch * maps of the Se gee Survey include quarter- 
sheet -» embodying much intricate work in the northern part of the 
Skiddaw bias ae the succeeding Volcanic Series belween npn Fell and 
Cockermouth, with the Carboniferous, Permian, and Trias farther n 
prone, 


Lincolnshire and bigs poe Mr. T. Roberts on the Upper Jurassi incolnshire, 
and Messrs. Wilson and Tate on the Durham sate district. The Pelienanic rocks 
are reserved for peas’ notice. 
Naturalist, 


209 


THE HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA OF THE 
BRITISH ISLANDS 

The Hemiptera Heteroptera of the British Islands. EDwarp SAUNDERS, 

FYEZS: oh. ve & Co., London. 14s. 
Tus is another of the admirable series of works on Entomology 
now being published by Messrs. Reeve ; and the name of its author 
is at once a sufficient guarantee that the book throughout is excellent. 
It commences with a plate showing the structure of hemiptera, and 
a table fully describing it. Then follows a lengthy ‘ Introduction,’ 
in which the anatomy of these creatures is clearly put before the 
student, concluding with an account of the methods of collecting 
and mounting Hemiptera or ‘Bugs’ as they are more familiarly 
known. The book proper consists of concise but clear descriptions 
of all the species known to occur in Britain up to date; together 
with localities of all species which are not common almost every- 
where. As such it is of course invaluable to every student of this 
most interesting order of insects. We think an improvement would 
have been to have added a classified synonymic list of the species ; 
and the study of the order has advanced so much of late years, 
that a statement of the progress made since the publication of 
Messrs. Douglas and Scott’s work would also have added to its 
interest. These, however, are comparatively small matters, and do 
not detract from the great value of the work. 

It is printed in a good, clear type, on excellent paper, and nicely 
got up. There is also a larger edition, containing 31 coloured 
plates, published at 48s,—G.T.P. 


NOTES ee, NEWS. 

Mr. R.7.H son, M.A., L.S., of the Live st University College, 
began i n the ‘ Tote of Botany’ os Apri ril 1 1892 a series of ‘ Observations on 
British. Marine e Alge,’ eae first a ae treating of the Antheridia of Polysiphonia 
elongella, the Escape and Conjugati Zoogametes in ba, ss compressa 

and the a set of Spores of Britis Marine species of Chantra 
ay 


seg Ken & Co., 1892), - which a sion lies b 
book, which it is leasing to note has reached a thisd. ye ition, a idea 

cn i i d* Rape : 
the foxhound in question, gives us his story in an entertaining manner. 
a aden oe and is worthy of attention when the mind requires pass from 
dees ject. 


mg — of § aa on Sach 


the G material was contributed by Mi Nee Naylor 2 Bradford, ‘in the form of a 
gathering in the Orkneys, but most of it is result of Mr, West’s own 
ine research among the Soottish mountains. 

July 1893, ° 


NOTE—FISHES. 
Codfish and its Appetite——On May oth a large Codfish cage i 
was caught at Flamborough by Benjamin Crees, pore teace with 59 fish-hooks 
its stomach ; when taken it was only in poor oo 3 the h Les were middle 
size, and what are called tinned backs hey a ow in the possession of 
Mr. John Duke.—MATTHEW BAILEY, pool ee dy Peat 19th, 1893. 


Sits are seein td 
Badger oon saree cage ee —As this animal (J/e/es taxus) is now becoming 
while record its ea near this town. An adult 
n J 
Nottingham Museum. A second s mably a female, was seen in 
the same locality.—J. W. C inks Uatecesity ates, Hultiiveles, aay ee 1893. 


pe oe Mie a bas ai e 

Turtle Dove and Nightingale near Goole. . Thomas Bunker has 
kindly sent me a very fine specimen of the I i er Dove ay vtur Rergenewe — 
was obtained at Rawcliffe on in _ S . Bunker states that he 
before had a Turtle Dove sen m the cality 

pair of i i (Daulias ‘isctatd} pes this year taken up their abode 

within two miles of sete = st they will be left in peace. —RILEY FORTUNE, 
Harrogate, May 17th, 18 

Lesser Whi eit ts Bakewell.—In ‘Birds of al faue a ae Whitlock 
states, with regard to the r at (Sylvia curruca) th Mr. Storrs 
Fox has not Pcasaisee it near Bakewell.’ On Whit Friday, May prs 1885, 
I found two nests with eggs, not a mile Pal Bakewell Church. In each case the 


F. BROWNsworD, Heaton ree Shosanent, June 4th, 1 


Gulley Tern in Lancashire.—Mr. Mitchell, in his ‘ Bi rds of Lancashire,’ 
states that the Lesser Tern (Sterza minuta) used to is we ed between Lytham and 
Blac h ulati 


big g searched t 
a for a fortnight. Jn 1892 I eo oot 5 see a single bird.—F. BROWNSWORD, 
Heaton moon, Sto ig » June 4th, 


e Distri trict.—Duri a_recent visi 


ozen pairs 
town. In the immediate neighbour I met with pairs at Levens “Hall, and 


ffs were not so plentiful as at the former place, but I m 


eed hag. an exceptional year rther extension north of 
its r. The Willow Wren (Pili “recils) fad the Wood Warbler 
(Pyllascopus age vix) I met with in abun Mr. Macpherson’s 
remark hon _— species is sufficiently. pie ce to ot tt interesting is a very 
appy oticed in nearly every locality that where - iffchaff was 
pra Lies a iachow sein a also haunted the wood.—F. B. WHITLOCK, 

Beeston, Notts, June 15th 
Naturalist, 


NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG OF 
THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE, 


WILLIAM WEST, F.L.S., 
Assisted by G. S. WEST (National Scholar in Biology). 


In 1878 and 1879, I made some small gatherings of Algz on Riccall 
Common, which were not exhaustively examined until recently. 
They have proved to be rich in Desmids but poor in Diatoms. In 
1892, my sons and I made a fair number of gatherings in a walk 
from Beverley, through Tickton and Routh, past Meaux Abbey to 
Waghen and Sutton : these would have proved richer had they been 
collected later in the season, but as it is, they are fairly rich in 
Diatoms. Mr. W. H. Youdale, F.R.M.S., of Cockermouth, kindly 
made a good gathering for me at Hoenace Mere, and I have also 
to thank Mr. J. Beanland, of Bradford, who collected for me at 
Loftsome Bridge near Wressle and at Newsholme near Howden. 
The genera EZpithemia and Eunotia are poorly represented, though 
the scarcity of species of the latter genus is not to be wondered at 
from such a flat district. 
ALG&, 


Ciass CONFERVOIDEZH HETEROGAM, 
OrDER (EDOGONIACEA, 


Cdogonium platygynum Wittr. Riccall Common, 
Crass. cell, veg. 9°6—11p; altit. 3—4 plo major ; 
3 Oogon,. 262; i ees 
»  OOSpor. 21; 9» 16°3fy 


Crass CONFERVOIDEH ISOGAME, 

OrDER CONFERVACEA, 

Conferva bombycina Ag. forma genuina Wille. | Waghen; 
near Meaux Abbey ; Newsholme. 
Conferva bombycina forma minor Wille. Beverley; Riccall 
ommon ; Routh; near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen. 

Conferva floccosa (Vauch.) Ag. Waghen, 
Rhizoclonium flavicans Jurg. Newsholme, 
Chzetophora pisiformis (Roth.) Ag. Beverley, 
Draparnaldia plumosa Ag. Beverley. 


ee 
July 1893. 


WEST: NOTES .ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 213 


Penium cucurbitinum Biss. Riccall Common. 

Penium minutum (Ralfs) Cleve. Riccall Common. 

Cylindrocystis Brebissonii Menegh. Riccall Common. 

Cylindrocystis crassa D.By. East of Selby. 

Tetmemorus levis (Kiitz.) Ralfs. East of Selby. 

Mesotenium micrococcum (Kiitz.) Kirchn. East of Selby. 

Euastrum ansatum Ehrmb. Riccall Common. 

Euastrum pectinatum Bréb. Riccall Common. 

Euastrum rostratum Ralfs. Riccall Common. 

Euastrum elegans (Bréb.) Kiitz. Riccall Common. 

Euastrum erosum Lund. var. notabile West. Riccall Common. 

Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. 

Euastrum binale var. elobatum Lund. Riccall Common. 

Euastrum denticulatum (Kirchn.) Gay. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium quadratum Ralfs. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium Hammeri Reinsch. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium granatum Bréb. Hornsea Mere ; Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium granatum var. subgranatum Nord. Hornsea Mere. 
Long. 26°5—27°5 #; lat. 19°8—21°3 »; lat. isthm. 6°6—8°3 p. 

Cosmarium pyramidatum Bréb. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium pseudopyramidatum Lund. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium galeritum Nord. Riccall Common. 

-Cosmarium Phaseolus Bréb. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium bioculatum Bréb. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium tinctum Ralfs. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium succisum West. Riccall Common. 


_ Cosmarium impressulum Elfv. Hornsea Mere. 


Cosmarium venustum (Bréb.) Arch. Riccail Common ; Horn- 
sea Mere. _ | 
Cosmarium Meneghinii Bréb. Riccall Common ; Hornsea 
Mere ; Newsholme. a 
: Cosmarium Meneghinii Bréb. forma coctangularis Wille. 
-Riccall Common ; Hornsea Mer 
Cosmarium Meneghinii Bréb. var. . Wollei Lagerh. Riccall 
Common. 
-Cosmarium Regnesii Reinsch. Riccall Common, abundant. — 
< Long. 8.3—r12°1 mw; lat. 9°3—13°5 # ; lat. isthm. 4°4—5°8 p. 
_ Cosmarium —— Nord. Riccall Common:; ; Hornsea 
o Mere. 
July 7893, 


214 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 


Cosmarium undulatum Corda. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium tetraophthalmum (Kiitz.) Bréb. Riccall Common. 

Cosmarium tetraophthalmum var. Lundellii Wittr. Hornsea 
Mere. 


Cosmarium margaritiferum (Turp.) Menegh. Riccall Common; 
Hornsea Mere. 
Cosmarium Portianum Arch. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium reniforme (Ralfs.) Arch. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium punctulatum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium subpunctulatum Nord. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium subpunctulatum Nord. forma cum apicibus minus 
late truncatis. Hornsea Mere. 
Cosmarium Botrytis (Bory) Menegh. NHornsea Mere; Riccall 
Common ; Newsholme ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 
Cosmarium formosulum Hoff. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium premorsum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium Broomei Thw. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium confusum Cooke var. regularius Nord. Riccall 
Common. 
Cosmarium ornatum Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium moniliforme (Turp.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
Cosmarium moniliforme forma panduriformis Heimer. 
Riccall Common. Long. 17°7 »; lat. rop; lat. isthm. 774}. 
Xanthidium aculeatum Ehmb. Riccall Common. 
Xanthidium cristatum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
mene octocornis Ehrnb. Riccall Common. 
smus Ralfsii West. Riccall Common. 
Acthegieee convergens Ehmb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum dejectum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum connatum (Lund.) Roy. et Biss. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum apiculatum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum Dickiei Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum brevispinum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum cuspidatum Bréb. Riccall Common. 


Staurastrum avicula Bréb.  Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum teliferum Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
: Staurastrum asperum Bréb. Riccall Common. 


WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 215 


Staurastrum muticum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum orbiculare (Ehrnb.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum orbiculare var. depressum Roy. et Biss. Riccall 
Common 
Ractacthin alternans Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum dilatatum Ehrnb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum brachiatum Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum tricorne (Bréb.) Menegh. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum cyrtocerum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum polymorphum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum gracile Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum paradoxum Meyen. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum controversum Bréb. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum vestitum Ralfs. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum oxyacanthum Arch. Riccall Common. 
Staurastrum tetracerum (Kiitz.) Ralfs. Riccall Common. 


Crass MULTINUCLEATA. 

OrpverR SIPHONE. 
Vaucheria sericea Lyngb. Beverley. 
Vaucheria sessilis (Vauch.) DC. Newsholme; near Sutton; 

near Meaux Abbey. 
Crass CCENOBIE. 
OrperR PANDORINE#. 

Pandorina morum Miill. Hornsea Mere. 
Chlamydococcus pluvialis A.Br. Beverley. 


ORDER PEDIASTRE#. 
Pediastrum Boryanum (Turp.) Menegh. Hornsea Mere. 
Pediastrum gracile A.Br. Riccall Common 
Pediastrum tetras (Ehrnb.) Ralfs. Dispositio es ‘ 

Riccall Common. 

OrpDER SORASTRE#. 
eres rectangularis (Nag.) A.Br. Hornsea Mere. 
neue sphzricum Nag. Riccall Common. 
. m microporum Nag. Riccall Common. 


216 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 


PROTOPHYTA. 
Group SCHIZOPHYCE. 
CLass PROTOCOCCOIDE. 
OrDER EREMOBIE#, 
Ophiocytium cochleare (Eich.) A.Br. Near Meaux Abbey; 
Riccall Common ; Waghen ; Routh ; Newsholme. 
Dictyosphzrium Ehrenbergianum Nig. Hornsea Mere; 
Newsholme. 
Hydrianum heteromorphum Reinsch. Newsholme. 
Nephrocytium Agardhianum Nag. Riccall Common. 
Nephrocytium Nagelii Grun. Newsholme, 
Oocystis solitaria Wittr. Hornsea Mere. 


OrDER PROTOCOCCACEZ (incl. Palmellacea). 


Pleurococcus vulgaris Menegh. Common. 

Chlorococcum gigas (Kiitz.) Grun. Near Meaux Abbey. 

Gleocystis ampla (Kiitz.) Rabh. Riccall Common; Newsholme. 

Gleocystis vesiculosa Nag. Riccall Common ; Routh ; News- 
holme. 


Schizochlamys gelatinosa A.Br. Near Meaux Abbey. 
Botryococcus Braunii Kitz. Hornsea Mere. 
Urococcus insignis (Hass.) Kiitz. Near Sutton. 
Rhaphidium polymorphum Fres. var. falcatum (Corda) Rabh. 
Riccall Common. 
Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. Hornsea Mere; 
Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle. 


es acutus ig Riccall Common ; Horses a 


Tetraidron regulare Kitz Riccall Common. 


Cass PHYCOCHROMOPHYCE. 
Sus-CLass NOSTOCHINE. 
OrDER NOSTOCACE. 
Nostoc microscopicum Carm. Riccall Common. 
Anabzna Flos-aquz Bréb. Hornsea Mere. 


Crass. cell. 5; crass. ee ey TPS long. Spor. : 
hen = cade oe - 


WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALGZ. 217 


Anabena oscillarioides Bory. (Born. et Flah., Revis. des 
Nostoc. Heterocyst., quatr. et. dernier fragm., p. 233 ; 4. Ralfsit 
Cooke, Brit. Freshw. Alg., p. 237, tab. 94, fig. 1.) _Newsholme. 
A slightly smaller form. 

Crass. cell. 3°5—-4m; crass. heterocyst. 6—6'5u; long. 
heterocyst. 6°5—7°7; long. spor. 17°3—34'5m; lat. spor. 
9510p. 

ee Pee (L.) Ralfs. forma paullo minor. 
Riccall Com 

Crass. Mika 4p; crass. spor. 5—8p ; long. spor. 30—5op. 


OrpeR SCYTONEMACE2. 


Tolypothrix lanata (Desv.) Wartm. Riccall Common 
rass. fil.=13°5- 16; crass. trichom. 8°6—9° ba: long. 
heterocyst. g—12p; lat. heterocyst. r1°*5—15p. 
Tolypothrix tenuis Kiitz. Riccall Common. 


OrpER OSCILLARIACE#. 

Oscillaria Frolichii Kiitz. Beverley; Routh; Loftsome Bridge 
near Wressle. 
Oscillaria limosa (Roths.) Ag. Waghen. 
Sus-CLass CHROOCOCCACE#, 

OrpER CHROOCOCCACE®. 
Chreococcus turgidus (Kiitz.) Nag. Riccall Common ; Hornsea 
Mer 
: Microcystis protogenita (Bias.) Rabh. Routh. 


_ Clathrocystis zruginosa (Kiitz.) Henfr. Hornsea Mere, 
- Merismopedia glauca (Ehrmb.) Nig. Riccall Common. 


_ Merismopedia punctata Meyen. Riccall Common. | 


oo Joly Hips. = 


: Tetrapedia Reinschiana Arch. Riccall Common. 


y CLASS DIATOMACE#. 
Cyclotetta. operculata (Ag.) Kiitz. Loftsome Bridge near 
Wressle. 
Melosira varians Ag. Resco; ; Newsholme. 
Surirella panduriformis Sm. Tickton. 
Surirella biseriata (Ehrnb.) Bréb. Beverley. 
Surirella —— Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey. 


218 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 


Surirella splendida (Ebrnb.) Kiitz. Beverley. 
Surirella ovata Kiitz. Routh; Beverley; near Meaux Abbey. 
Surirella salina Sm. Waghen. 
Surirella minuta Bréb. Routh; Beverley; Newsholme; Tickton; 
near Meaux Abbey ; Waghen 
pinnata Sm. Beikcies ; Routh ; Newsholme. 
Combatants elliptica (Bréb.) Sm. Routh. 
Cymatopleura Solea (Bréb.)Sm. Beverley; Tickton; Newsholme; 
Routh ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 
Epithemia turgida (Ehmb.) Kiitz. Newsholme. 
Epithemia Sorex Kiitz. Hornsea Mere. 
Epithemia Argus (Ehrnb.) Kiitz. Newsholme. 
Eunotia incisa Greg. Riccall Common. 
Eunotia bidens (Greg.) Rabh. Riccall Common. 
Cymbella cuspidata Kiitz. Beverley ; Tickton. 
Cymbella ventricosa Ag. Routh ; near Sutton ; Beverley. 
Cocconema lanceolatum Ehrnb. Beverley. 
Cocconema cymbiforme (Kiitz.) Ehrnb. Riccall Common; 


Beverley. 
Cocconema Cistula Hempr. Beverley; Loftsome Bridge near 
Wressle. 


Encyonema czspitosum Kiitz, Tickton ; Routh; Beverley. 

Amphora minutissima Sm. Beverley. 

Amphora ovalis Kitz. Routh ; Beverley; Loftsome Bridge near 
Wressle ; Tickton. 

Cocconeis Pediat Ehrnb. Beverley. 

Cocconeis placentula Ehrb. Hornsea Mere; Routh; News- 
holme ; Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 

Achnasthitian microcephalum Kiitz. Tickton ; : Waghen te 
Routh. 

Achnanthidium lanceolatum Bréb. Beverley ; Routh; near 
Meaux Abbey ; Waghen. 

Achnanthes exilis Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey; Newsholme; 

_ Tickton; Beverley. 
Rhoicosphenia euete (Kiitz.) Rabh. N ewsholme. 
ntidium hiemale (Lyngb.) Kiitz. Beverley. - 

Odontidium mutabile Sm. Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near — 
Wressle ; Waghen. 

_ Odontidium Tabellaria Sm. Beverley. ae 


WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG&. 219 


Fragilaria capucina Desmaz. ‘Tickton; near Meaux Abbey ; 
Newsholme ; Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 

Diatoma vulgare Bory. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 

Diatoma elongatum Ag. Beverley; Newsholme; Loftsome 
Bridge near Wressle. 

Synedra pulchella Kiitz. Tickton; Loftsome Bridge near 

Wressle ; Beverley ; Riccall Common. 

Synedra enitiutissiinn Kiitz. ?; Sm. Diat. I. fig. 87. Newsholme. 

Synedra Vaucheriz Kiitz. Newsholme. 

Synedra Ulna Ehrnb. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; Beverley ; 
Waghen. 

Synedra splendens Kiitz. Beverley ; Routh. 

Synedra splendens Kiitz. var. equalis (Kiitz.) Rabh. _ Riccall 
Common. 

Synedra capitata Ehrnb. Beverley. 

Synedra Acus Kiitz. Loftsome Bridge near Wressle ; News- 
holme ; near Meaux Abbey. 

Tryblionella angustata Sm. Newsholme; Beverley. 

Nitzschia Amphioxys (Ehrnb.) Sm. Routh; near Meaux 
Abbey ; Waghen. 

Nitzschia_ constricta (Kiitz.) Pritch. Beverley; Loftsome 
Bridge near Wressle ; Tickton; Routh; near Meaux Abbey ; 
Waghen. 

Nitzschia parvula Sm. Riccall Common; Beverley; Waghen. 

Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) Sm. Beverley ; Routh. 

Nitzschia curvula (Ehmb.) Sm. Routh; Beverley; Waghen. 

Nitzschia linearis (Ag.) Sm. Beverley; Tickton ; Routh ; near 
Meaux Abbey. 

Nitzschia tenuis Sm. Beverley ; Newsholme ; Loftsome per 
near Wressle ; Tickton; Routh. 

Nitzschiella Closterium (Ehrnb.) Rabb. Beverley. 

Nitzschiella acicularis (Kiitz.) Rabh. Routh ; near Sutton ; 
Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 

Nitzschiella gracilis (Bréb.) Rab. (= Niteschia Tania Sm.). 
Waghen. 

Navicula cuspidata Kiitz. Riccall Common; Loftsome Bridge 
near Wressle. 

_Navicula limosa (Kiitz.) Grun. Beverley. 

Navicula inflata Kiitz. cae. asia. Beverley. 


Atos 


— 


220 WEST : NOTES ON THE FRESH-WATER ALG. 


Navicula amphisbzena Bory. Waghen; Beverley; Loftsome 
Bridge near Wressle. 

Navicula sphzrophora Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey; Beverley. 

Navicula pusilla Sm. Tickton; Routh; Beverley ; near Meaux 
Abbey ; Waghen. 

\ avicula anglica Ralfs. Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle. 

Navicula rhynchocephala Kiitz. Beverley; Loftsome Bridge, 
near Wressle ; Waghen ; Tickton ; near Meaux Abbey. 

Navicula Dirhynchus Ehrnb. Near Sutton; Routh; Beverley. 

Navicula Amphirhynchus Ehrnb. Beverley. 

Navicula producta Sm. Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle. 

Navicula appendiculata Kiitz. forma exilis Grun. Newsholme. 

Navicula exilis (Kiitz.) Grun. Near Meaux Abbey ; Beverley ; 
Routh; Waghen ; Tickton; Loftsome Bridge, near Wressle ; 
Newsholme. 

Navicula angustata Sm. Near Meaux Abbey; Newsholme; 
Waghen ; Beverley ; Tickton. 

Navicula cryptocephala Kiitz. Tickton ; Waghen. 

Navicula veneta Kiitz. Newsholme. 

Navicula dicephala Ehrnb. Near Meaux Abbey ; Beverley ; 
Routh ; Waghen ; Tickton. 

Pinauiar nobilis Ehrnb. Beverley. 

Pinnularia viridis (Ehrnb.) Rabh. Beverley ; Loftsome Bridge, 
near Wressle; near Meaux Abbey; Tickton; near Sutton; 
- Newsholme. 

Pinnularia peregrina Ehrnb. Tickton. 

Pinnularia radiosa (Kiitz.) Rabh. Beverley ; Riccall Common ; 
Tickton ; near Meaux Abbey ; Routh ; Waghen. 


Pinnularia radios (Kiitz.) Rabh. var. silesiaca (Bleisch) Rabb. s 


Beverley. 
Pinnularia viridula (Kiitz.) Rabh. Tickton. 


Pinnularia mesolepta Sm. Tickton ; Beverley ; near ‘Meaux ae 


Abbey. 


Pinnularia Brebissonii (Kiitz.)) Rabh.  Tickton; Beverley , eo 


near Meaux Abbey. 


Frustulia saxonica Rabh. forma aquatica Rabh. Beverley; 


Waghen. 
Pleurosigma attenuatum (Kiitz.) Sm. Breet: 3 
Pleurosigma lacustre Sm. Hornsea Mere; Tickton; Loftsome 
maaie near eee Beverley ; Waghen ; Newsholme. — 


= July 1893. 1893, 


NOTES AND NEWS. 221 


Pleurosigma Spencerii (Quekett) Sm. Beverley; Routh. 

Stauroneis Phcenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrnb. Tickton. 

Stauroneis anceps Ehrnb. Routh; Tickton. 

Pleurostaurum Legumen (Ehrnb.) Rabh. Beverley. 

Gomphonema tenellum Kiitz. Near Meaux Abbey; Routh; 
Waghen ; Beverley ; near Sutton ; Newsholme. 


Gomphonema dichotomum Kiitz. Waghen; near Sutton; 
near Meaux Abbey ; Rout Tickton. 

Gomphonema capitatum Eh b. _Loftsome Bridge near 
Wressle. 


Gomphonema constrictum Ehmb.  Loftsome Bridge near 
Wressle ; Newsholme. 

Comphonsma acuminatum Ehrnb. Near Sutton; Newsholme; 
Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 

Gomphonema olivaceum (Lynab) Kiitz. Near Sutton; 
Newsholme ; near Meaux Abbey. 

Gomphonema intricatum em Loftsome Bridge near Wressle. 

Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. Bev — ; Routh; Loftsome 
Bridge near Wressle ; Tickton ; near Abb 

Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kiitz. Riccal Common. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 


We are glad to see that Mr. ie phn isa s to ea at Eainbargh = 
prevent the continuance of his the geology of the 
rong and Ping 2g tag denice: pense a pte A of reprints Aci he ms 
f his Not tes on the Water das god Edenside,’ from the latest 
and Or iati 


land,’ and gives the author’s views on the formation of limestone in _ 
eral, as well as an account of those in the area considered. As usual, 

Mr. Goodchild aenphiys the stratigraphical materials ps reconstruct in imagination - 

the physical geography of oe pee past, a fascinating, if rather hazardous branch of 


The recent a: pearance of a third edition of Stoddart’  Amciee © ompanion’ 
(Simpkin, mn Martell, Hamilton, Kent & Co., i 2s the publishers have sent 
us for notice, is another evidence of tne pere' Soak popdturity ot the gentle craft. 

i ce of n hundred different works, 


there would piling o be no end, and so keen - enthusiast, and so excellent an 
observer and angler as Stoddart, is oa no danger of being forgotten among 
a crowd of friendl. y rivals. The prese —_— edition differs in no material 
nee : ota 


with these matters have naturally been omitted. The most accom 
plished a plished angler may still find — new ina _—— f these familiar pages. 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION 
AT AYSGARTH. 


Tue first meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union for the 
present year took place on Whit-Monday, May 22nd. The day 
was gloriously fine, and the rains of the previous week had but 
added to the beauty of the scenery, and caused an exhilarating 
feeling of freshness to pervade everything. 

The district planned for investigation comprised the neighbour- 
hood of the villages of Aysgarth and Carperby, the lower slopes of 
ager and the picturesque dales of Bishopdale and Waldendale. 

content with a single day, many members passed the week- 
end in i thie district, and certainly a ‘better spot for spending a few days 
could hardly be desired, and these had been able to obtain a fair 
quantity of specimens before the rest of the members arrived on the 
Monday. 


Permission had been kindly given by Lord Bolton, of Bolton 
Hall, and Mr. Thomas Bradley, of Bear Park, for the investigation 
of their estates, but as it was the nesting season the members 
abstained, at Lord Bolton’s request, from visiting the moorlands. 

The river banks in the immediate neighbourhood of Aysgarth 
were well investigated, and though not a few of the naturalists 
preferred to take independent routes, many took the route which 
followed the river banks from Yore Mills to the stepping-stones, 
as far as the stagnant pools in the Strand pasture, then leaving the 
river bank and working back by way of Carperby. The Freeholders’ 
Wood at Carperby was found very productive by a party of botanists 
under the leadership of Miss pees of Sampethy, an accomplished 


botanist ; whilst the tel most valuable guide - 


in Mr. Edward Chapman, the veteran naturalist of the same — — 
who possesses a most extensive knowledge of the birds and 


of the district, and whose list of Wensleydale birds, published in ‘de ss 


‘Naturalist’ a few years ago, was the standard of reference. The 


geologists were fortunate enough to secure the services of Mr. J- Je 
Goodchild, F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of England and Wales, 
by whom much of the work of surveying this district for the _ : 


Geological Map had been done. By five o’clock the majority of the 
members had found their way to the Palmer Flatt Hotel, wont 
a substantial meat tea had been provided. 


After tea, the evening being fine, the general meeting was held : 4 


- out on the lawn, Mr. John Gerrard, M.B.O.U., occupying the chair. 


bea! Ns, in his Csi temarks, bron forward } in a — ee 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 223 


manner the good the Y.N.U. was doing in systematic researches in 
all the branches of natural history, and the fact that much good and 
useful material was lying unpublished, owing to the lack of funds, 
and urged upon each member individually to increase the number of 
members so that this work could be accomplished. 
The minutes having been taken as read, the next duty was the 
election of the following new members :—Mr. Reginald H. Barker, 
Scarborough ; Mr. Eugene Bean, York; Mr. Joseph Coe, Hull; 
Mr. Robert Dutton, York ; Mr. Chas. E. Elmhirst, York ; Mr. C. N. 
Goode, Harrogate; Mr. Avacid Greenwood, Halifax ; Mr. Leonard 
Hawkesworth, Leeds; Mr. Donald S. Mackay, York; Mr. F. W. 
Mills, F.R.M.S., Hriddepefield ; Mr. Stephen Berkinect Leeds ; 
Mr. Edward Peake, M.A., Giesleasick: Mr. John Sayner, Harrogate; 
Mr. Tom Stevenson, North Stainley; Mr. Joseph R. Waldby, 
Harrogate; Mr. J. W. Warwick, Harrogate; Mr. Arthur Wilkinson, 
York; Mr. H. J. Wilkinson, York. 
The list of societies was then called over, the following 
sixteen being represented :—Wakefield and Bradford Naturalists’ 
Societies, Leeds Naturalists’ Club, Leeds Geological Association, 
Dewsbury Naturalists’ Society, Malton Naturalists’ Society, Ripon 
Naturalists’ Club, Cleveland Naturalists’ Club, Harrogate and 
District Naturalists’ and Scientific Society, Thirsk Natural History 
Society, Craven Naturalists’ Association, Ellesmere School Natural 
History Society, Hull Scientific Club, Scarborough Field Naturalists’ 
Society, Darlington Naturalists’ Field Club, and Leeds Co-operative 
Field tae numbering altogether about seventy members. 
y vote of thanks was then passed to Lord Bolton, of 
Bolton Hall, and Mr. Thomas Bradley, of Bear Park, for granting 
permission to the members to visit their estates, and also to the 
leaders of the various parties, after which the sectional reports were 
then called for. 

For the Vertebrate Section, its secretary, Mr. Riley Fortune, 
FZS., reported that among the members present were Messrs. J. 
, M.B.O.U. (President), W. D. Roebuck, F.L.S., J. Green- 

wood, Farrah, and R. Fortune, F.Z.S. (Hon. Secretary): 

No systematic route was followed by this section, the members 
dispersing over a wide area—a method which is certainly deserving 
Of encouragement, as the district visited is by this means more 
thoroughly worked. During the day Mr. Chapman, of Carperby, 
accompanied some of the members and gave them the benefit of his 
Unique experience. The pleasure of inspecting his local Se 
of stuffed birds was one of the features of the day. Amon 
: birds were noticed a Raven, Common Buzzard, Golden-eye, etc. 
— July 1893. 


224 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 


Mr. Chapman has had many local rarities through his hands at 
various times, as for instance, specimens of the Little Auk, Storm 
e During the day he pointed out 


during the excursion was the great number of Starlings to be seen 


on all sides, intent only upon one thing, viz., procuring food for 


their numerous offspring. Every hole, nook, or cranny seemed to 


be tenanted by a squirming family of these birds. The large number 
inhabiting the district must certainly be appreciated by the farmers, 


as the benefit derived by them from the birds is incalculable. It is _ : 
interesting to note that the Swift and Mole were observed at the 
height of 1,100 feet on Pennel, and that a pair of Buzzards nested — 


on the moors last season; the young ones, we regret to say, were 
taken. The following is a complete list of the vertebrates. An 
asterisk (*) indicates that the eggs of this species were found, and 
a dagger (t) that young birds were seen :— 


10. Great Tit. Tawny Owl. 
tCoal Tit. parrow Hawk 
Commo Shrew. se Tit Ring Dove. 
toat, 
pl tailed Field Mouse. Pied V Wagtail. Partridge. 
House Mouse, *tGrey Wagtail. tRed Grouse. 
Brown Rat. Yellow Wagtail. 
Water Vole. *Meadow Pipit. Coot. 
Red Field Vole. *Tree Pipit. *Waterhen. 
Hare. *Spotted Flycatcher. Golden Plover. 
Rabbit. *Swallow. Lapwing. : 
*Martin. Common Snipe. — 
6r. *Sand Martin. *Common Sandpiper, 
*tMissel Thrush. Greenfinch. Redshank. 
*tSong Thrush. Sparrow. Cue. 
*t Blackbird. *Chaffinch.. *Black-headed Gull. 
Ring Ouzel. “Lesser Redpole. a 
Dipper. Yellow Bunting. _ Reptile, 1. — 
eatear. Common — Common Lizard. 
inchat. - Skylark. 
* Redstart. *+Starling. _ Amphibians, | 
obi Magpie. ‘Smooth Newt. 
Whitethroat. Jackdaw, Common Toad. 
Garden Warbler. Crow. Frog. 
chaff. tRook. 
*Willow Wren. Swift. gs. 
*Wood Wren. Kingfisher. Minnow. 
_ Sedge Warbler. Cuckoo. Trout. 
Hedge Sparrow. tBarn Owl. Grayling. 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 225 


In the absence of the officers of the Conchological Section, the 
report on the day’s proceedings was given by Mr. T. A. Lofthouse, 
of Middlesbrough, by whom and Messrs. W. Denison Roebuck, 
F.L.S., and Edward Chapman, assisted by members of the other 
sections, who brought shells for identification, most of the work had 
been done. The section was not, however, by any means sufficiently 
represented to admit of the thorough examination of a district of 
such a varied character as Aysgarth presents, and the dryness of the 
weather further militated against conchological work. The total 
number of mollusca obtained was 31, comprising six slugs, three 
freshwater and 22 land shells. Of these no less than to were 
additional records to the published lists for the district. One of the 
additions was P/anorbis albus, found in the stagnant. pools or old 
river-channels in the Strands pasture, near Carperby. Other four 
were slugs, viz., Arion subfuscus and Limax marginatus (= arborum) 
from Strands pasture, and A. minimus and A. circumscriptus from 
_Carperby. The remaining five were land shells, viz.. Zyavinia ive 
(with var. margaritacea), I. fulva, Cochlicopa lubrica, and Carychiu: 
minimum, all found in the vicinity of Aysgarth Falls, and Helix 
nemoraiis found on the hills above Hawbank Woods. In addition 
to these Helix cricetorum was found in several fresh ogee: near 
Carperby. The other species observed were Arvo: , Helix 
hortensis, and Balea perversa at Carperby, Vitrina gies and 

Clausifia rugosa at Aysgarth Falls, He/tx /apicida common near 
_Redmire, Hyalinia celloria and Pupa cylindracea at Aysgarth, Helix 
rupestris common on _ limestone walls throughout the district, 
i. arbustorum and var. flavescens, H. rufescens and H7. hispida about 
Carperby and Aysgarth, H. sericea common on nettles near Carperby 
and also at the Falls, Agriolimax agrestis, Hyalinia alliaria, 
ff. nitidula, Helix rotundata, and Succinea putris throughout, and 
Limnea peregra i and Ancylus fuviatilis i in the river. 
oe report was given by the President, 

Mr James H. ‘Rowiree ‘who writes that the following members _ 
of the section were also present :—Mr. Walter F. Baker rata 
Mr. M. L. Thompson, Mr. W. Hewett, and Mr. E. G. Pot 3 

The luxuriantly wooded district and the remarkably meas 
_ character of the dale gave promise of great possibilities, which were 
hardly realised during the necessarily limited time available for 
investigation. Mr. W. Hewett and Mr. E. G. Potter, both of York, 
_ who had been staying some days in the district, sugared about sixty 
trees near Redmire on the zoth, but owing to the rain which fell 
unceasingly, both whilst sugaring and when visiting them after dark, 


the results were nil. a these unfavourable ———- 
= : 


226 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT AYSGARTH. 


however, by their combined efforts the lepidopterists are able to 
record the following :— 


magines. 
Pieris brassicz. Rumia crategata. Emmelesia albulata. 
Pieris ne Selenia lunaria. Coremia munitata. 
Pieris nap Acronycta psi. Coremia ferrugata. 
aattinanese cardamines. Odontopera bidentata. | *Coremia propugnata. 
Chortobius pamphilus. Todis lactearia. Melanippe subtristata. 
Lyccena agestis. Strenia clathrata. Melanippe montanata. 
Lyccena alexis. Asthena candidata, Anticlea derivata. 
Procris globulariz. Cabera pusaria. Camptogramma bilineata. 
Procris statices. Fidonia atomaria. 


(* Coremia propugnata was fairly common, both at Redmire and Carperby.) 
Larve. 


Vanessa urtica. Cleora lichenaria. Cheimatobia brumata. 
Vanessa atalanta. Abraxas grossularia 

For the Coleoptera, Mr. Walter F. Baker reports that in the 
morning the vegetation was so very wet that it rendered ‘sweeping,’ 
which should have been the coleopterists’ best aid, of but little 
use ; but by noon the heat of the sun began to improve the state of 
things, and captures became more numerous, the large growth of 
nettles on the road leading up to the hotel receiving a fair share 
of attention and producing a good quantity of phytophagous beetles, 
including the various species of Phyllobius, Otiorhynchus, and Apion 
in the greatest abundance, whilst Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis and 
C. contractus (two species which, from their peculiar little habits, 
have well earned the name of ‘Happy Jack,’ by which they are — 


commonly known in some parts of the county) were, as usual, 


common. Returning through the village and going along by the 
side of the river, we came across the traces of some herbivorous © 


animals, and soon several “ee of Aphodius and Cercyon were — 


added to the list, and a fine specimen of Geotrupes vernalis, one of 
the a beetles.’ The very peculiar-looking larva of 
Sp m scarabaoide s was also obtained here. Passing up the 


- slope in panes of Mr. Thomas Bradley’s house, the steep bank-sides, — se 
well-wooded and covered with long vegetation as they were, looked ac : 


a likely place for the sweeping-net, and a very satisfactory quarter of 

an hour was spent there, the captures including Corymbites pectini- on 

. cornis, ¢. ve steers Athoiis hemorrhoidalis, Phadon cochlearia, and 
as 


Renee jain on, the loose stones by the river side next 
‘hus mel 


a oe attention, and here Leistus fulvibarbis, Calathus melano-— 


, Nebria brevicoilis, and Amara familiaris entered ie 
ting ng bottle, whilst the obtrusive Tittle skew, ood pepioninger 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT AYSGARTH. 227 


nothing special to attract the coleopterist, though a little belt of 
trees on the river-bank well repaid the trouble of beating and 
sweeping; but a little further on, a large willow tree which had 
fallen into the river, though still tethered to the bank by its roots, 
produced Melandrya canaliculata, whilst beneath the loose bark, 
_ Clivina fossor, strange to say, was abundant, probably driven to this 
moist situation by the excessive drought of the previous few weeks. 
Near here, the coleopterists were induced to stay some little 
time, owing to the alluring fascinations of a dead dog, but this did 
not provide the rich harvest they expected. Turning off into the 
Strands Pasture they came upon a series of pools, formed in an old 
Tiver-bed, and these, surrounded as they were by reeds, and 
displaying a fair amount of pond vegetation (including Potamogeton 
natans, always a promising sign for the coleopterist) looked like 
producing some ‘good things,’ but here they were signally disap- 
pointed. Elaphrus cupreus, shining like burnished copper, darted 
about over the green weed at the edge of the pool, and was a very 
pretty sight, and numbers of them could have been obtained ; but 
with regard to aquatic coleoptera, for some time not a trace could 
be found, though the larve of one of the caddis-worms (Limnophilus 
rhombicus) was very abundant, and the leaves of the Potamogeton were 
scored by the larve of one of the leaf-miners, but after about half 
an hour’s diligent search a single specimen of Helophorus aguaticus 
was obtained, and shortly afterwards the larva of Dytiscus and 
a pupa of one of the large dragon-flies. | 
From here the members made their way back to the hotel at 
Aysgarth, having spent a pleasant if not remarkably successful day. 
The total number of species obtained on that day by Mr. M. Lawson 
Thompson and the writer was seventy-two, a list of which is 


- given below:— 


Notiophilus biguttatus. Spheeridium scarabeoides. 


228 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT AYSGARTH. 


Oxytelus laqueatus. Phzedon vaaperaiat 
Aphodius fossor. Phytodecta olivacea. 
Aphodius hoc ater Phyllodecta viteliine: 
Aphodius inatus. Apion vio! 
Aphi ius Gildas Apion trifolii 
Aph ter. Apion apri 
Geotrupes stercorarius. Otiorhynchus pi ss cipes. 
Geotrupes vernalis. Tropiphorus tomentosus. 
Athoiis hemorrhoidalis. Polydrusus micans. 
Athoiis vittatus. Polydrusus pterisgomalis. 
Dolopius marginatus. Phyllobius oblongus. 
Melandrya canaliculata. Phyllobius urtice. 
Corymbites quercus Phyllobi i 
Corymbites pectinicornis Phyllobius argentatus. 
Corymbites cupreus. Phyllobius viridiceris. 

A Sitones lineatus. 
Telephorus bicolor. celiodes quadrimaculatus. 
Telephorus nigricans v. discoideus. Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis. 
Telephorus hemorrhoidalis. Ceuthorrhynchus contractus. 
Rhagonycha limbata. Liosoma ovatulum 
Phzedon cochleariz. Rhinonchus subfasciatus. 


The Botanical Section was very strongly represented, those 
present including Mr. P. F. Lee (President), Mr. Albert H. Pawson 
(Secretary); Mr. W. Foggitt, of Thirsk; Mr. J. B. Foggitt, of 
Southport; Mr. R. Barnes, of Saltburn ; ati Mr. J. J. Marshall, of 
Market Weighton. The report was given by Mr. Albert H. 
Pawson, who also supplies the following account :— . 

The fine development of the Yoredale rocks, which are so inter- 


esting to the geologists in this part of the dale, is observed with great — 


pleasure by the botanist also, for he knows that each zone of the 


series will yield him a new list of plants. On the grit which caps the 


summits are the heaths and the moor berries—bilberry, crowberry, © 
cowberry, cloudberry, and cranberry ; the cotton grasses, and many 


rushes and sedges, all the plants which seek a high exposure, peaty 


soil, and stagnant moisture. The limestone scar lower down, and 


the short, sweet turf of its talus will have none of these burly ] 


citizens, but keeps choice company in its delicate spleenworts and 
_ saxifrages, drabas, geraniums, and rock-roses. The beds of shale 
which overlie it redeem it from the great dryness of the mountain 
limestone of Craven, and provide trickling ledges for the butterwort, ae 

patches, such as the bird’s eye primrose loves, a 


__damp pai 
out of ne the columbine may rear her lovely head ; and again the 
tich 1 e formed by the decomposition of these various rocks, 


cs peat, FN NawT limestone, and shale, gives the woods and meadows . 
_and pastures of the lowest slopes vol she dale & ep He he 


. 


Lea ae this or Bene oe hse aees 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 229 


has had no power to harm, and one is inclined to believe that this 
is greatly owing to the continual recurrence of these impervious beds 
which crop out at successive levels down the sides of the slopes, and 
provide a natural system of surface irrigation. Everywhere the 
Sweetest spring verdure prevailed, and the flowers sparkled in the 
lush grass—summer flowers many of them were, owing to the great 
forwardness of the season. On the floor of the valley are several 
Swamps and marshy tracts which were hailed with great delight by the 
party, and they were not disappointed, for they afforded many good 
Plants, and most of this varied ground was worked by one or other 
of them, for several had been on the spot since Saturday, and 
others had walked over from Wharfedale on the Sunday, finding 
Rubus chamemorus flowering as freely as the wood anemone about 
the water-parting, and accompanied by Saxifraga granu/ata in great 
abundance, from the ridge almost as far as Aysgarth, where it seems 
to be less frequent. Jack Wood was searched on Sunday, and also 
lower Waldendale. On Monday two or more parties worked the 
river-banks on both sides from the lower Force almost to the stepping- 
stones, under the skilled guidance of Miss Bradley, of Carperby, who 
led them to the home of several rare plants, including A//ium vineale 


cula vulgaris, Orchis ustulata, Stellaria nemorum of a very luxuriant 
form, and Polygonum viviparum. The side valley of Ellerbeck, and 
its swamp, were also visited, and the refuse-heaps of the old lead- 
mines at this spot. Here, as always, like groundsel in a garden, were 
found on this débris of the mineral vein, Avenaria verna, with its 
Crony, Thlaspi occitanum, and, what is not so usual, beds of thrift, 
_ Covering a rood of ground, in perfect bloom—a marvel of beauty, 
_ With large flowers of every shade from palest pink to deepest rose. 
Others of us accompanied the geologists to the summit of Penhill, 


‘Gathering the tiny Auschinsia, not yet out of flower, and observing _ 
the Parsley, Hard and Holly Ferns. The more uncommon of the 
plants noted on this delightful excursion were, in addition ot tee 


_ Some already mentioned :—Aguilegia vulgaris, T) Trollius europaus, 
Draba incana, Saxifraga hypnoides, Menyanthes trifoliata, veal S 
crepis comosa, Rubus saxatilis, Rosa spinosissima, Rosa mollissé 


= : Geum intermedium, Lithospermum officinale, Euonymus ora : 


squamaria, Asplenium trichomanes, A. ruta-muraria, — 
ee A. viride, Allosorus crispus, Polystichum aculeatum, Selaginella 
oe slaginoide Sesleria carulea, =— nutans, M. uniflora, Bromus 


— comme - murt- : 


230 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 


cata, C. precox, C. panicea, C. paludosa, C. ampullacea, C. acuta, 
C. glauca, C. flava, C. sylvatica. 

Mr. John Farrah notes that the following plants were collected | 
that do not appear in Mr. John Percival’s list :— Ranunculus hederaceus, 
Doronicum pardalianches, Humulus lupulus, Salix helix, an 
Bromus erectus. Geranium pheum was reported as a well-established 
garden-escape at Carperby, by Miss Bradley. 

For the Geological Section, in the absence of all its officers, 
Mr. J. G. Goodchild, F.G.S., gave Re report, and the following 
account is supplied by him :— 

The principal object of the Section on the occasion of this visit 
to Aysgarth, was to compare the development of the Lower Car- 
boniferous Rocks of Wensleydale with their equivalent strata in the 
dales to the north. Without entering into details, for which 
reference should be made to the maps and memoirs published by 
the Geological Survey, the nature of the differences between the 
types of rock prevailing in each of these areas may be gathered 
from the following outline of the geology of the district. 

Wensleydale proper consists mainly of Lower Carboniferous © 
rocks, which lie almost horizontally over the greater part of the area. 
What inclination the strata may have over any part of the district is 
generally very small in amount (neglecting the areas around Carperby — 


Scars) ; and may be said to be, in a general way, towards the North | : 
around Hawes, and towards the North-east in the district around 


Aysgarth. The fall of the bed of the Yore from Hawes to Aysgarth 
keeps almost exact pace with the dip of the rocks; so that nearly 
the same strata form the river-bed all the way from the village of 
Hardra to a mile or so below Redmire. To the east of that point 
the rocks dip faster than the fall of the river-bed, so that successively — 


higher strata descend to the Yore as it is followed towards the lone . 


end of the dale. - ae 
The dale may be said to be carried mainly out of a great pile— o 


entne Chacon heeled © 


sandstones, and shales, together with chert beds and coal seams. : : 


All these are of marine origin, and form the Yoredale Rocks se 
Professor Phillipe. This member of the Carboniferous Series can 


be traced without any important break, from Craven, through the — : 
~ north of England, into the basins of the Clyde and the Forth, 
Below the Yoredale Rocks, whose lowest limestone is that of 
‘Hardra Fors, come: : ie. Mountain Limestone, which is so well car . 


oo played around n Ingleborough. In ee oles: its uppermost D 


ce 


sist of thick m ee ee 


alone occur, and the bottom of the valleys 


_ proper to clear water, that is to 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT AYSGARTH. 231 


some thin bands of shale, and with, at least, one band of sandstone. 
This latter is seen north of Hawes, at West Burton below the Fors, 
and again at Redmire Fors. It is the lowest stratum exposed any- 
where in the dale. The shaly bands referred to as occurring in the 
overlying limestone give rise, by their unequal rate of weathering, 
compared with that of the limestone, to some of the more interesting 
waterfalls of the dale—Gale Fors, all three of the waterfalls at 
Aysgarth,* Abbey Fors at Askrigg, and West Burton Fors. 

Above the Yoredale Rocks at one time occurred the whole of the 
Millstone Grit and the Coal Measures, amounting in the aggregate to 
many thousands of feet. At the present day nearly all this vast pile 

as been carried away by denudation (acting at various periods in 
the past); so that now only fragments of the lowest members of the 
Millstone Grit survive, and occur as outliers capping the highest 
fells of the district. A fine display of these Upper Carboniferous 
rocks is exposed on the summit of Pennel (or ‘Pen Hill’). 

The chief lithological changes traceable amongst the Yoredale 
Rocks were studied in some detail on the ground. Stated in general 
terms they may be said to be closely connected with the condition 
under which the rocks themselves were formed. All through the 
Yoredale period (most especially during the formation of the lime- 
stones and cherts, less so through that of the coals and shales, and 
_ least through that of the sandstones), deep-water conditions prevailed 
over the area where Wensleydale now stands, while to the north-west 
of that part rivers, flowing south-eastward, were advancing their — 
deltas towards the open sea. Intermittent subsidences during the 
growth of the deltas periodically carried their newly-formed slopes 
of mud and sand north-westward as the sea-bottom sank, and in 
that way periodically superinduced deep-water conditions over areas 
that would otherwise have shallowed through the seaward advance 
of the deltas 

Thus eds the north-west of any given point in 1 the dale delta 


materials, i.e., sandstones, shales, and coals, tend to come on in 
_ greater force; while in the opposite direction, or towards the south- 
_ east, where deep-sea conditions predominated, such terrigenous = 
_ deposits tend to thin away, brew the ——— deposits oe 


Strata, tend concurrently to maintain ‘their thickness or even to 
increase. As a necessary consequence the sandstones lessen in 


importance as they are followed howatds = south-east, passing first 3 


|e shoud be noted that the eke as a a a a 


: ‘Aysgarth ee ee, form of ie ome acute G.G. 


232 NOTES AND NEWS. 


into shales, and these, by slow degrees, into shales more and more 
calcareous until, eventually, they pass into pure limestones. 

This will serve to explain the predominance of deep-sea limestones 
over deposits of terrigenous origin as the Yoredale Rocks are 
followed from the north-west south-eastward. It would also lead us 
to expect that, as these rocks tend south-eastward they would 
gradually pass into one undivided mass of limestone. Such a 
to be the case, and, in this state, they have often been mistaken for 
the Mountain Limestone proper. 

In the course of the excursion special attention was given to the 
demonstration of the foregoing principles by reference to facts visible 
in the field. Amongst other geological phenomena noticed was the 
origin of secondary silica, of which several excellent examples were 
met with. A demonstration upon this subject was ably given by 
Professor Percy F. Kendall. Another subject discussed in the 
presence of the facts was the evidence for the former existence of 
a rock-basin extending up the Yore from the upper falls at Aysgarth. 
It was pointed out that the river has only within recent times, 
geologically speaking, cut its way through this rock-barrier at 
Aysgarth and thus drained the above-lying lake. The subject of the 
origin of the scars and terraces of limestone was also discussed in 
the field at some length, and it was shown that their present con- 


formation can only be explained on the view that they are due to 


glacial erosion. Lastly, the origin of the glacial drifts of Wensleydale 


formed the subject of an interesting discussion. It was pointed out 


that all the drifts in this part of Wensleydale are of /vca/ origin ; that 
none of them are marine; and that the till, and the sand-and-gravel 
deposits, as well as the moraine-like deposits on the water-shed 
between the Yore and the Swale, are all of them mererly different 
forms of sediment left behind by the melting of the stony and muddy 
ice of the great ice- 

A hearty vote of rheniles to the Chaitnan: then chacinded the 
meeting.—W.F.B. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 
wil & Co., of Sheffield, where iy stipe sactcnebags and the pag abort gr 2 
i iry instinct 

ie a with its life, for its acquaintance — the industries 

i secured by one Gos of the workmen, aren. fe 
30 hie uapekeg ‘that he 
ee and w of new city ofit,and the. 

: Prevention of Cray to Animals ‘summoned him before the 

for having in his an prongaeen 


of self-preservation that it would doubtless — 2 


233 
YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


ANNUAL MEETING AT HUDDERSFIELD. 


THE 31st Annual Meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, held 
at Huddersfield, on the 15th of November, was a most successful 
and interesting gathering, no pains having been spared by the 
Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society and its members in their endeavours 
to promote the success of the meeting and the comfort and enjoy- 
ment of their fellow-members from other towns. To this end they 
organised an extensive Exhibition of Natural History and Scientific 
Objects, in the Town Hall, which was open to members and visitors 
from 2 o’clock in the afternoon. The occasion being that of the 
rooth meeting of the Union since its re-organisation under the name 
it now bears, special attention was given to the illustration of York- 
shire natural history. 

In Geology and Paleontology, Messrs. Joseph Field and C. H. 
Bould had brought together a fine series of Collections of Fossils 
and Minerals typical of the Geology of the county, including 
a number of paleolithic and neolithic flint implements. Mr. S. 
Learoyd, F.G.S., exhibited a beautiful collection of agates and other 

_ stones to jitisitrdie ‘Silica and Flint in Nature and Art;’ and 
Mr. James Spencer, of Halifax, showed a large series of sections 

_ of Coal Plants and other geological slides, chiefly from the Car- 
boniferous formations. 

The Botanical exhibits included a collection of rare Yorkshire 
plants, which Mr. T. W. Woodhead had brought together with 
the assistance of Mr. P. F. Lee, of Dewsbury, and Mr. Charles 
Crossland, of Halifax. By the kindness of Mr. H. T. Mennell, of — 

_ Croydon, he was able to include the original record-specimens of — 
some of the plants which were discovered in Upper Teesdale by © 

_ Mr. James Backhouse and Mr. G. S. Gibson. A feature of great 
_ interest in this department was a series of memorial plants which — 


head had been at some pains to bring together by ae 
_ brief biographical notes, and by the ‘portraits of the various . 
botanists in whose honour the plants had been named. — 
oS There was a large and most interesting series of cabatoats in 
_ Entomology. Mr. Geo. T. Porritt, F.L.S., showed the matchless _ 
Series of Arctia mendica from Grimescar near Huddersfield, which 
_ Were described and figured i in the Entomological Society’s Transac- 


__ had been named in honour of Yorkshire botanists, which Mr. Wood- a 


tions tions for eide also some fine varieties: Johnie aeagand ons ee 


ame 


pts 


234 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—-ANNUAL MEETING. 


York, and the very rare olive-banded form of Bombyx quercus from 
Crosland Moor, Huddersfield ; fine melanic forms of Boarmia repan- 
data from Netherton Wood, Huddersfield, as well as fine Yorkshire 
series of Vpsipetes elutata, Cidaria russata, Hybernia progemmaria, 
etc., and an almost complete collection of the British ‘Plume’ Moths 
(Pterophori). Mr. George Jackson, of York, showed some extra- 
ordinary varieties of Chelonia caja, Arctia lubricipeda, and Abraxas 
grossulariata. Mr. S. L. Mosley, F.E.S., had numerous objects on 
view, including a selection of drawings of varieties of the species — 
just referred to, a museum collection of British Butterflies, arranged 
on an entirely new plan and one calculated to be of the greatest — 
scientific service to students, cases showing life-histories of insects in 
all orders, and his collection of British Galls and Gall Insects, the 
Yorkshire examples being specially indicated. He also exhibited 
a complete collection of British Injurious Insects, prepared 
for the Museum of Economic Entomology at Melbourne; and 
numerous cases prépared for educational purposes. 

In Conchology, Mr. Joseph Whitwham’s remarkably extensive 
collection of British land and freshwater shells, in which the York- 
shire examples were specially marked, made a brave show, his varied 
and extensive series of Amodonte and Uniones being particularly fine. 

In Vertebrate Zoology, the united efforts of Messrs. J. W. Freer, — 
S. L. Mosley, F.E.S., J. Wilkinson, W. Middlemost, jun., S. Calvert, — 
W. H. Smith, Walter Dyson, J. H. Wood, and Ridsdale resulted in 


bringing together a remarkably interesting series of cases of British 


birds, their nests and eggs, special care being taken to represent 
them as far as possible by Yorkshire examples. 

A large number of microscopes, objects, and accessory apparatus 
were displayed under the charge of Messrs. W. F. Piggott, H. G- 
Brierley, J. Clayton, A. Sheard, W. Lefevre, and A. W. Sykes ; while 


Messrs. W. H. Charlesworth, W. F. Piggott, H. G. Brierley, and - - 
others contributed stereoscopes and a number of interesting slides 


relating to the geology of Yorkshire, Old and New Huddersfield, 
and other subjects. 
mstrations with the oxy-hydrogen microscope were given by 
Mr. W. Tunstall. 
‘Mr. A. Clarke, the energetic Secretary of the Huddersfield 
: Naturalists’ Society, was in charge of a powerful oxy-hydrogen lime- 
light lantern, by which he threw upon a screen a large number of ~ 
lantern slides, including a number of marine animals brought 
Det. C. Sorby, V.RS., as well as a series of portraits of all the 7 
ee lpaaeon of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, and other distin- : 
es aie Yorks orkshire naturalists reaped to in the Ercsideatiel, pane 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—ANNUAL MEETING. 2 35. 


The exhibition remained open throughout the afternoon and - 
evening, and was a source of interest and gratification to large num- 
bers of members and visitors. 

The business meetings began at 3 p.m., when the Sections met 
and elected their officers for 1893. 

At 3.30 the General Committee met for the despatch of business. 
There was a large attendance of members and delegates, and the 
chair was occupied by Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., an ex-President. 

The annual report was then read by Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., 
one of the Honorary Secretaries. At the outset it referred to the 
year having been one of the most successful the Union has ever had, 
but pointed out that ampler funds and a considerably enlarged 
membership were needed to enable the Union to expedite the 
publication of MS. in hand. The meetings were then referred to in 
detail, after which it was mentioned that the number of Societies in 
the Union remained the same as in the previous year, that the 
number of members was also unchanged, remaining at 462, and that 
the total number of members and associates was 2,518, an increase 
of 30. The financial position of the Union and the various publica- 
tions it has issued during the year were then treated of. Reference 
was next made to the Library, the Sections, the Committees of 
Research, and the British Association. The report concluded with 
- asuitable reference to the services which Mr. Charles P. Hobkirk, 
F.LS., the retiring President, had rendered the Union, of which he 
was one of the oldest members, and mentioned that he was to be 
succeeded in that office by so distinguished an ornithologist and 
traveller as Mr. Henry Seebohm, a native of Sheffield. The reports 
having been discussed and unanimously La the excursion 
programme for 1893 was agreed upon, as follows 
May 22nd, Whit Monday—Aysgarth. 

. kern. 


Aug. 7th, Bank Holiday Monday—Sawley Abbey. 
Sep. 6th and 7th, Vener? and Thursday—Howden (Fungus Foray oe 
Excursion). 


* Tt was decided to hold the next Annual Meeting at | Skipton, 0 on 
Tuesday, November 14th, 1893, in response to a coer ins vitation 


_ from the Craven Naturalists’ Association, presented by Messrs. 


R. H. Tiddeman, M.A., F.G.S., and J. J. Wilkinson. 

The election of officers was then proceeded with. The retiring 
honorary secretaries, honorary librarian, and executive were all 

- te-elected. The Committees of Research were also re-elected, with __ 
» oe oe, Messrs. J. Ww. Seether and F. FB ‘Walton tae eo 


236 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION—ANNUAL MEETING. 


‘added to the Boulder Committee; Mr. Tom Petch, B.A., to the 
Marine Zoology Committee; and Mr. J. F. Robinson to the 
Disappearance of Plants Committee. The Hon. Local Treasurers 
were re-elected with various additions and substitutions. Mr. Edwin 
Hawkesworth was elected auditor; and Messrs. H. H. Corbett, 
R. Paver Crow, J.P., John Gardner, F.E.S., George Jackson, 
Henry Johnson, R. E. Leach, M.A., F.G.S., Rev. H. E. Maddock, 
M.A., F.G.S., Thomas Mitchelson, W. Y. Veitch, M.D., and 
Charles Waterfall were added to the list of permanent members of 
the General Committee. 

The following were elected new members of the Union :—Messrs. 
Jobn Hill, Morley ; Edward Peake, M.A., Settle; Tom Petch, B.A, — 
Hedon ; E. G. Potter, York ; Albert Rothery, Liversedge. 

Discussion then took place as to the inadequacy of funds for the 
publication of the matter which the Union has in hand for publica- 
tion, and a resolution agreed to on the motion of Mr. J. W. Addyman, 
B.A. (on behalf of Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S.), seconded by 
Mr. S. Chadwick, F.G.S., in favour of a very large addition to the 
membership being secured, and requesting the Executive to devise 
measures to that en 

The question of the desirability of the establishment by Govern- 
ment of Fish Hatcheries was introduced by Mr. E. Howarth, F.R-A.S., 
on whose motion, seconded by Mr. A. T. Watson, it was unanimously 


resolved that ‘in the opinion of this meeting, the establishment by . 


Government of Marine Laboratories and Fish Hatcheries would be ~ 
advantageous to the Fisheries of the United Kingdom. 
The Sections then by their spokesmen announced the names of 
the officers they had elected, after which the proceedings terminated. 
A substantial tea was partaken of in the Mayor's Reception 
Rooms, Mr. A. W. Sykes being the caterer. 


In the evening the members sceiabted in the large hall of the : ae 


Town Hall for the delivery of the Annual Presidential Address. 

‘The chair was occupied by Mr. George T. Porritt, F.L.S., in the 
_ absence of Mr. S. Learoyd, F.G.S., who had been announced to pre- 
side. The Presidential Address, written by Mr. Charles P. Hobkirk, _ 


-F.L.S., whose unavoidable absence was a great disappointment to the 
members, was then read by Mr. Edgar R. Waite, F.L.S., one of the 


Secretaries. The address dealt with the history and methods of work 
= the Union, on the occasion of its completing a series of one hun- — 
dred ngs orga . At the conclusion a cordial — 


en ie eh a be ok 


ve | ident for his address and to Mr. Waite for 


: Bec it, \ was adopted on the motion of Rev. W. Fowler, M.A, _ 
seconded | by Mr. — rere Ss —— 
- Naturalist, 


NOTES AND NEWS. 237 


to the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society for their most hospitable 
reception of the Union was proposed in a humorous speech by Rev. 
E. Maule Cole, M.A., F.G.S., seconded by Mr. John Gerrard, and 
having been enthusiastically received, acknowledged by Mr. T. W. 
Woodhead, the President of the Huddersfield Society. A vote of 
thanks to Mr. Porritt for presiding was adopted on the motion of 
Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., seconded by Mr. J. W. Robson, Chairman 
of the Huddersfield School Board, and concluded a series of meetings 
which for their success and interest have been unsurpassed in the 
Union’s history.—W.D.R. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 


We take oo ils jatar ys 4 = renewing our friendly protest against a 
Practice of soi ies, that Z. alterin ering the pagination of oa 
copies,’ and gree soma ai iret the 1 date of publication. This often 
renders the separate copies useless for stestnee or for bibliographical purposes. 


A notable feature of the Liverpool Naturalists’ fu Club is the giving of 
prizes for excellency in the various departments. he it upon looking 


through the proceedings for 1892, that at each ak a description of some 

osen plant is given to the members, = oe plant hee: are Set to search ; 
having found it, it must be named and handed to the botanical referee. The 
most successful competitors during ir swabs i 

s. * Botanical Enigmas’ are apparently oa a feature of the 
society. This is doubtless a good way of teaching botany, t the principle is not 
one which will, in our opinion, be imitat naturalists’ clubs. 
first time in their history our Liverpool friends publish an sopmige ir. meer 
the district. We welcome this, as we also should any further d soionnent ¢ eed 
ne sk taeecak sneeas 8b NE anes hae botanical: 


We are indebted to Mr. Herbert Spencer for a pom of his essay upon ‘ The 
fabaecjuaty of Natural ceg-soned which appeared in the ‘ orig emporary Review’ 


for February and March last ; as this essay has, as might be expected, roused 
some cane a few words with r regard to it Set: be of interest. At the outset 
Mr. Spe cer chooses to bring forward some of Weber's experiments on the sense of 
touch peerage oe the meaning of the varying powers of tactual discriminativeness 
in the human body, and what is the cause which non established these differences. 
Taking the view as implied by the title, fod veteran prs ee endeavours at 
prc, al emt that natural selection sohegte could oocnpangibet 3 If 
we were to assert a frank denial of this it be necessary to go far into 
detail but whilst we will not do so, we must ket some objection to eB the using of 
th nts in question as being unsatisfactory. Mr. Spencer admits that the 
per ess of the fore-finger tip may be accounted for by the 
of the fittest, and after an sepa port) of his article we fail to see why 
y not be extended to other . We have s athy 
it article by Mr. W. P. Ball in the May number of ‘ Natural i in 
which, under the heading of Natural Selection and Lamarckism, 


: lenges 
many of Mr. Spencer’s suppositions. We have not space to enter into eae details 
of this conflict, but can assure those of our readers who have not already 
acquainted themselves with Spencer’s latest, prairie they have somethin g t gain gain by 
so tee Perhaps (for the sake of those who would be misled by the title) we 

iould note that ! han teggmal irect = 


sho Mr. pencer states that y; rather t 

5, ae a the views of is in fact ens the reverse. 

coe as been very much misunderst time past, and cca ok ee” 

a. many of his seeming dissenters are in reality n cacinstend cenattog ale oer jon as 
— = 

August 1803. 


a -— 


238 
THE PROTECTION OF WILD BIRDS’ EGGS. 


Rev. E. P. KNUBLEY, M.A. ; Uy 
Rector of Staveley; Chai: of the as Naturalists Union's Wild 
Birds Eggs Committee. 


In presenting the report of the Committee appointed to discuss the 
advisability or not of providing protection for the eggs of wild birds 
by legislative enactment, it may be well to state at the outset that 
at present certain birds are protected by a close time in the nesting 
season, during which it is illegal to kill them, but that this protection 
does not extend to their eggs. The eggs, in fact, of every kind of 
wild bird, whether common or uncommon, useful or otherwise, are 
liable to be destroyed through thoughtless carelessness, wanton 
mischief or sordid greed. 

At present there is nothing to prevent whole areas from being 
systematically plundered of every egg of every bird—and it is done. 
Again, certain of our British birds nest in colonies in a few known 
localities; and as the law now stands there is nothing to hinder the 
taking of the eggs of these birds to such an extent as to prevent the = 
hatching of a single young bird. It requires no prophet to foretell _ 
what will be the result of this system of pillage if it is allowed to 
proceed unchecked. a. 

The question has been asked—Has the time come when legis- __ 
lative protection is required for wild birds’ eggs? A committee of the 
British Association was appointed at its Cardiff meeting, with So 
a view to inquiring into this subject; but it has not yet felt itself in 
a position to make any recommendations. The committee, which 
includes the names of Professor Newton and Canon Tristram, waS 
re-appointed at the Edinburgh Meeting; and it is hoped that next 
year it may feel in a pone to offer suggestions on this extremely oe 
difficult subject. oe 

A committee of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union with similar . 
objects was appointed at the annual meeting last year. No meetings — 
have been held, but the Chairman addressed a letter to each member 
of the committee, and from the replies received from these and 
other members of the Union, he obtained much valuable information, 
and many useful suggestions. Fortified with the matter thus plac a 
at his disposal, he, as delegate of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, 
was able to bring this important subject before the Edinburgh 
meeting of the British Association at ‘the conference of the delegates 

of th t interesting discussion, — 
he following resolution, proposed by Mr. Knubley, seconded = 
 MrEB tbiseieis and | ag fesse by Canon Lesa was ¢ C 


THE PROTECTION OF WILD BIRDS’ EGGS. 239 


The Conference of Delegates, having heard of the threatened extermination of 


for British-taken eggs, and trusts that the corresponding societies will do all that 
lies in their power to interest and influence naturalists, landowners and others in 
the preservation of such birds and their eggs. 

All will agree that if legislative protection for wild birds’ eggs is 
_ asked for at all, it is not required for all species. Indeed, sweeping 
legislation would do more harm than good. There are certain groups, 
such for instance, as the Passeres, that are very well able to take care 
of themselves, and need no protection. Again, all will agree that it 
would be a mistake to pass laws which could not be enforced. Any 
_ general law against egg-collecting would be easily evaded, and every 

one knows the demoralising effect of an unenforced rule. 

Setting aside, then, all idea of a general prohibition of egg- 
collecting as impracticable, if not mischievous, there are still cases in 
which the maintenance of the present freedom from restraint appears 
to be open to doubt; as we have already stated, there are certain 

Species which will shortly become extinct as breeders in the British 
Isles if steps are not taken by legislation or otherwise to protect 
them. What can be done for these? 

Here the difficulties begin. What form of protection is the best? 
and to what species should such protection be extended? If it is 
€ventually found necessary to have recourse to legislation, the most 
practical plan would probably be for the Imperial Legislature to 
grant powers to the County Councils from time to time, and as the _ 
necessity arose, to place certain portions of a district, such as 
mountains, commons, waste places, lakes, and meres, or portions of 
cliffs or foreshores, under an Act for certain specified months in the 
year, say from April rst to June 3oth. Such a plan would be seers 
and might be effective. 

. But very much more than any legislative protection, we want the 
_ Sympathy and co-operation of landowners and occupiers in ea! to 
get them to protect the birds breeding on their property or or occupa- 


- _ tion. The whole matter of the preservation both of birds oy their 
_ &ggs ought to be better managed by those on whose property the 


_ Various species nest re by any legislative restrictions. If land- 
_ Owners and occupiers, game-preservers and gamekeepers, would 
Only use whatever atl and common sense Providence may have 
endowed them with, and learn to discriminate between friends and 
foes, we lovers of birds for their own sake should not have much to 
complain of. Farmers are beginning to know at last that all birds 


: are not their enemies, and ideas of the same sort are working slowly __ 


4 — into the brains of some few cmap ti and into (meee of a ts : 


240 REVIEW—UNITED STATES HAWKS AND OWLS. 


number of their masters, so that the aspect of affairs is becoming 
more hopeful. The question is too delicate and difficult a one to be 
lightly thrown into the arena of party politics, and it is earnestly to 
be hoped that means may be found for the protection and preserva- 
tion, when necessary, of our wild birds and their eggs without 
having recourse to further legislation. 


UNITED STATES HAWKS AND OWLS. 
The Hawks and Owls of the United States in their Relation to 

Agriculture. A. K. FisHer, M.D., U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Bulletin No. 3. 1893. 

To publish a lengthy article on the misunderstood habits of 
rapacious birds would, if it were likely to come under the observa- 
tion of farmers and gamekeepers, give us an immense amount of 
satisfaction ; we hail therefore with pleasure the appearance of this 
excellent monograph, and cannot do more than hope that it will 
have a large distribution throughout the area of which it treats; if 
_ sO, something at least will be done towards checking the wholesale 
slaughter of these beautiful birds. 

The work which we now notice was compiled several years 
ago, but has been withheld from publication until provision could 
be made for suitable reproduction of the coloured plates, which, 
we may add, are a feature of the book, and without them im 
usefulness would have been much \inepalited. 7 

We find there are so many as 73 species and sub-species of ae 
Hawks and Owls (many of which are solely American) recorded ee 
the district. Some few, however, are identical with species in ourown 
and adjoining countries. The Osprey (Pandion haliaétus), er we 
learn has quite recently been seen in co. Cork, appears toresembDli¢ 
very closely the American Osprey, of which an illustrationis given. cee 

It is clearly stated that out of this large number, only six may ! og 
classed as being positively harmful to the farmer, and of these three 
are so extremely rare that they need not be considered; whilst ome 
(the Fish Hawk) is only indirectly injurious; so that only two oC 
species need be taken into account as enemies to agriculture. Tables 
are given showing the result of critical examination by scientific — Ss 
experts of several hundreds of stomachs, and the author concludes 
that these birds, commonly looked upon by farmers as enemies, ae. 
in fact the reverse. Dr. Fisher says: ‘Owls are the most beneficial — : 
of all birds, and Hawks, with one or two exceptions, are to some 

_ extent beneficial.’ The work is a valuable addition to ornithological 
literature, and we consider it almost hpopeninle to eesangineiee the 
a = must do—L. H 


: 4 Aagust 16 Stal 


241 


YORKSHIRE GALLS: 
ADDITIONAL SPECIES AND NEW LOCALITIES. 


S. L, MOSLEY, F.E.S., 
Beaumont Park Museum, Huddersfield; Author of ‘ British Birds, Nests, and Eggs,’ etc. 


SINCE my last list (‘Naturalist,’ 1892, p. 337), the long-expected 
fourth volume of Cameron’s ‘Phytophagous Hymenoptera’ has 
appeared, and though certainly a very welcome volume, I must own 
to just a little disappointment. Still, it will be very useful as bringing 
up to date what the author has been able to gather on the subject. 

From my own observations, and material forwarded to me by 

correspondents in various parts.of Yorkshire, I am able to give 
a few more species, and some additional localities for some of those 
already recorded. As before, I take them under the plants in 
alphabetical order. 

On Acer campestre. Maple. 

Small scarlet pimples on upper-side of leaf.. Caused by a mite 
(Phytoptus myriadeum). For a long time I have been on 
the look-out for this gall in Yorkshire, feeling sure it should 
occur. I have never found it, however, until June 15th, 
when I found it abundantly in a lane not far from Askern. 
Messrs. Parkin, Gerrard, and Greenwood were with me at 
the time. Some of the leaves were quite covered with galls. 

On Achillea ptarmica. Sneezewort. 

I have been able to verify the somewhat vague notice sent me 
by Mr. Inchbald, of the occurrence of the gall of Cecidomyta 
ptarmice in the Huddersfield district. I found a number of 
galled plants at Farnley Hey, and Mr. Parkin gave me 
a quantity found by him in Ryhill Pits near Wakefield, from 
which I have since (June 21-28) bred the flies. | The flower- 
head is galled into a solid pinkish hairy knob, with a flattish 

top; almost unrecognisable as the poreenes of Achillea 
: plarmica. — 
On Alnus glutinosa. Alder. 
Bladder-like swellings, standing up a fines from the upper 
surface of the leaf. These are caused by a mite; I believe 

: ell tots pustulatum Bremi. I found it in great abund- 

in Owston Wood during the Askern excursion; and 

Tha have since met with it freely in Anston Stones. Mr. J. W. 
Carter, of Bradford, had ae given me ocean te 
- <., Soe Seven ace 54 ca . 
Ps 


242 NOTES AND NEWS. 


On Hieracium boreale. 

Large swelling on flower-stalk, caused by a hyietioptetan (Aulax 
hieracii). The Rev. John Hawell sent me this gall 
Little Broughton, near Middlesbrough. 

On Quercus robur. Oak. 

Small pea gall on under-side of leaf, attached to side ribs, hard, 
with ¢wo cavities, caused by a hymenopteron (Dryophanta 
disticha). Cameron gives no localities for this gall, and states 
that it is ‘rare,’ but it is now in great abundance in Butternab 
Wood, near Huddersfield. I should state, however, that 
I have never met with it there before this season 

On Rosa canina. Dog Rose. 

I believe the galls referred to in my last paper as being found at 
Shepley were not those of Rhodites rosarum as stated. 
According to Cameron’s figure the spines in my specimens 
were not long enough for that species, and were, more 
probably, merely the spined form of 2. eg/anteria. 

On Potentilla tormentilla. Tormentil. 

Small pea-like galls on stems, singly or in clusters. Caused by 
a hymenopteron (Xestophanes brevitarsis). 1 have found 
what is probably this species at Lepton, near Huddersfield, 
but as I have not reared the flies I cannot. be absolutely 
certain. 


I will again take the liberty of reminding readers of the — a 


‘Naturalist’ that I shall be pleased to receive any excrescences 00 
plants, especially if they do not seem to agree with the descriptions 
given in the three papers I have written on ‘Yorkshire Galls. 


Botanists are always examining plants, and must frequently = oe 


across galls, and could add very much to our knowledge if they 
would kindly pick them a when found. 


NOTES AND NE WS. 


| We have received the Reportand Taman ofthe Manchester Mieco — 
Society. cannot refrain : 


243 
SPECIMEN DAYS ON THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 


Rev. W. C. HEY, M.A., M.C.S. 
Vice-President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, West A yton, near Scarborough. 


SCARBOROUGH, Oct. 29th, 1891. On the Castle Hill—The 
wind is east; a little blue sky appears in rifts among woolly grey 
clouds, which are silvered in the neighbourhood of the sun. The 
clearness is extraordinary. Flamborough Head appears, not in 
misty outline, but as a long, sharp range of grey precipices. The 
Lighthouse and Speeton Mill stand up in clear definition. Filey 
Bay seems narrowed to a mere creek. Sunshine falling on fields far 
away reveals them in the most vivid yellow greens. The distant 
moors appear, not, as commonly, blue, but red-brown, and all the 
nabs are clear-cut against the sky. The slopes of the Castle Hill 
are green with young leaves of Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum). 
No British plant shows fresher verdure in winter. This fine weather 
has many daisies into bloom 

An hour has passed and I have reached the topmost stile on the 
way to Ayton. From here I look into the water in Filey Bay, and 
have a glorious view of the whole headland in the hard clear air. 
Sunshine lies on the faded stubbles near Filey Cliffs; the healthy 
scent of burning weeds sifts by, and the drowsy hum of a thresher 
comes from the hollow below. Under the withered larches a woman 
is gathering blackberries. 


SCARBOROUGH, July oth, 1891.—I am sitting on the low stone 
Wall near the Cliff Bridge. Grey clouds have overspread all the 
nis and given their sombre colours to the sea and to the sands and 
the cliffs. Even the green slopes of the Castle Hill and the red 
roofs below are almost merged in one general tint. A strong north- 
_ €ast wind drives the breakers in many orders against the cliffs; and 
_ how and then sends a puff of dust along the road, and flaps the 
flags on the boat-masts in the harbour. Under the lighthouse are 
gathered man many steam-trawlers ; the smoke from their funnels blowing 


e quickly away. The tide is beginning to swallow the thick-marked 


sands, smoothing out footprints and cart-ruts and hoof-dints. Oh, 
that the marks of sin and care could thus be smoothed out of 
human souls! 
___As I write, I am startled by a passing figure, going by absolutely 
noiselessly, because bare-footed. I am struck by the thought that 
modern sound. We often read of the Indian’s 


e ‘Stealthy tread. _ Thoreau soe it to the flow of a still river. ve 


244 HEY: SPECIMEN DAYS ON THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 


But every unbooted foot is necessarily stealthy, because soundless. 
How strangely sé/enf the communities of primitive people must have 
been—no meaning there for the line in Tennyson’s elegy for 
Wellington— . 
Let the feet of those he fought for 
Echo round his bones for evermore. 


_ Firey, Sep. 8th, ieet. —The day rose with gloom and drizzle, _ 
but it has now established itself as warm and still, with a sky whose 
blue ground colour is figured and strewn thickly with white and : 
grey clouds—. 

The sky is a gossamer web 

Of sapphire and pearl and grey. 
Here, by Filey caves, a faint breeze blows from the water, and the 
horizon of the blue sea is merged in vapour with the sky. An idle 
swell rises upon the rock-ledges, and the wave runs back in white 
waterfalls which have caused a little white foam to float on the 
surface and outline the contour of the cliffs. These cliffs rise in 
shelves, first black with Fucus, then green with Enteromorpha, after- 
wards, bare layers of grey and white rock. On these lie coarse © pe 
gravels, and above steep slopes of boulder-clay crowned with 
verdant turf. In the echoing basin below me the rising tide is 
gradually making a louder and louder sound of rushing. The sun ae 
is growing brighter, and a fresher wind is carrying a brown-sailed S 
yawl beyond the Naze. Behind me the sea is noisy about a piece 
of cliff, which the rummaging waves have perforated. A larger 
wave has just smitten the rock with a great boom, and the scattered oe 
spray fallen back with a loud splash. se 


Sep. r2th, 1891.—" Waiting at Filey Station for the evening | train, oe 
to Scarborough. The sun, a glowing, red-gold orb, is sinking 9 
a purple-copper haze. Ses trees, still in full foliage, stand out 
black against the brightness beyond. The halfmoon hangs aboy 
the Speeton eskers, which are growing dim in the evening light. 
The pastures are full of faded grains, and their pallor contrasts 
strongly with the dark hedges, and the brown and black horses. 
The rounded slopes are crowned with cornstooks. Muston Mill 1s 
dark against the sky. A cool meen, breeze blows refresh- 
ment in my face. - 


oe REDCAR, Feb. 20th, 1 889.—. a strong north-west wind $ is Howink: ae 
but. here, under the wall at the east end of Redcar, it is warm and 
delightful; for a bright sun bathes me, body and spirit, and the 

_ mind gives but gentle pus in my face now a and then. ‘Tam sitting 


HEY : SPECIMEN DAYS ON THE YORKSHIRE COAST. 245 


upon one of those planks on féet, made to assist people to get into 
boats, and about me lie half-a-dozen big cobbles, bearing their 
numbers and the letters M.H. (Middlesborough Harbour)—there on 
my right, and on my left two worn-out boats, turned bottom upwards, 
waiting decay and death ; like poor old folks, who, being no longer 
able to work, are pushed on one side to die. 

Between the stern of the upturned boat and the curving prow of 
another, spread undulations of grass-grown sand ; sun here, and shade 
there ; beyond them the smooth beach, crossed by a pearly thread, 
the course of a streamlet to the sea, then a long white fringe of foam 
and breaking waves, and pale blue sea above them. In the distance 
rises Huntcliff, and the gigantic spectre of Rockcliff, with the mere 
wraith of Staithes Point beyond. The sky is a very light blue, 
with soft white stratus clouds, tinged with pale dove grey. A skylark 
is pouring out its flood of song as though it were singing against 
time, and many other birds are twittering. The sea is falling fast, 
and at my left its surface is streaked with two long ribs of snow- 
white foam, where East Scar and Salt Scar project. On my right 
I see Upleatham Hill, palely grey, with the white smoke-puff of 
a passing train in front. 


FLaMBorouGH Heap, Sept. 16th, 1890.—I have walked along 
the cliffs from the North Sea Landing, over dewy sheep pastures, 
and descended to the shore at Selwicks. The sun is bright, but 
a soft haze broods upon the far-off sea, and hangs like a veil before 
the face of the great white cliffs. The wind blows from the south- 
east, and there is a noisy turbid sea. I have reached a dark gullet 
full of thick water, smacking its lips under the shelving rocks. But 
a dim light falls on the water from within, for this gullet is the 
entrance to a great roofless cave or creux—the ‘Pigeon Hole ’— 
a gruesome pit to look into from above when the waves are se 
_ and raging in its dark hollow—a veritable devil’s caldron. 


S Wisnsdecous, Sept. si 1890.—I am resting on the top of 
the slope that rises between the Thornwick Bays—resting in the 
setting sun. I have come over the downy fields, where the sheep 
were busily feeding, their grey fleeces blown back in the evening — 
_ wind, and past the sighing soughing beds of reeds, and have sat 
down to listen to the quiet blue sea whispering his low tale to the 
_ white cliffs. But they distrust him, and abate not a whit of their 

gedness for all the smooth fondness of the caressing wavelets. 
Their shattered rocks and pierced sides tell what the sea hath done 
Ae to them, and these two will never be iieads — oe the 
- Assit = = 


oe Tromasson, Woodside, ia, July 30, 1893. 


246 NOTES-—ORNITHOLOGY. 


opposite cliff, two pink blooms of thrift have opened, like some 
sweet memory of earlier and happier days. 


BURLINGTON, Sept. 21st, 1889.—I am sitting on a chalky hedge- 
bank on the road-side from Burlington to Speeton, in a hot 
sunshine, with a tall hedge between me and the singing north-west 
wind. I look on two old friends, the six-sailed windmill and the 
Priory Church, dark against the sun-gilt sea. All about me is life; 
many flies of many kinds, beetles running in the sunshine, 4mcho- 
menus prasinus in his green coat, faced with orange, and shining 
black Prerostichi, bright as polished jet. Euphrasia opens a hundred 
pale violet eyes to the sun, harebells depend their blue cups, and 
a thousand dried stalks of Gentiana amarella tell of former beauty, 
just a scattering of amethystine blooms remaining, the wrecks of 
a great flower-feast. A long-legged spider scuds over the path; an 
empty corn wagon goes by, carrying a crowd of singing urchins. 
Well may they sing in the glorious ee which makes this old 
world new, and sheds heaven upon 


NOTES—ORNITHOLOG Y. 


Birds added to Sheffield Museum. e just added to the Sheffield — 
Museum the cet — Neste gr in ond area fasbeded to the cognisance of ‘ The 


borough, 1890 ; bit z Ch Satins Grebe (Bodiceps A eereerg shot at Flamborough, 
1892; one Crested Grube shot at sings Lincoln ne Aig = Little om 
or Dabchick (Podiceps minor) shot asa orton ose ; com yshire, I 
E. HowartH, Curator, Public Museum, Weston Park, Sheffield, Wy rith, 1893- 
Nesting of the Hawfinch io " Notts.—The Hawfinch (Coccothraustes 
vulgaris) is fairly common in this district, and in the last spring I have been 
looking far and wide for its nest, but unsuccessfully ; and now I find all thistime 
one within ich I am now 


there has been almost a stone’s-cast of the room in 

young, four in number, got off the last week in June, a a rather 
late date, and since this, with the parents, have attentive 
t rows. From closely watching them, however, I can that the 
injury = the is trifling as — oe that inflicted by 
common cig Haw era n three 


the Meadow Pipit in the in the North.—Having lately found 
tensis on the 


ag . fells, I give the number 0 of eggs i 
found in them, showing an —— of of 553 ems eggs per nest. oe 
oe ‘Three e gs each 
See oo . ae re 
FO - yy 3 ive: “ 
Two ie four - 
One 


: » three eggs. oo 
In every case the bird was flus hed from the nest, which indeed Ted to thei being a 
found. In the last case the bird would doubtless have three eggs» 
All the e ae June. In Norway the Meadow Dipit asa rle neste 


_ T found a nest near weep only above the sek JO8N F 


247 
LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS: MICROSCOPICALLY 
DESCRIBED. 


THOMAS TATE, F.G.S., 
Leeds: Hon, Sec. to the Yorkshire Boulder Committee. 
THE identification of the crystalline constituents of Eruptive Rocks 
by their optical behaviour when in thin sections under the microscope, 
is extremely simple. Each mineral, in virtue of its structure and 
composition, possesses characteristic optical properties by which it 
may be recognised. 

By transmitted light they appear either colourless, coloured or 
opaque. The coloured minerals may next be examined with the 
polariser only, when some will pass from light to dark tints as the 
prism is rotated (pleochroic), while others will remain unaffected 
veneers If the analyser be now added, those minerals which 

depolarise will give more or less brilliant chromatic effects as the 
polariser is rotated (anisotropic), while others will show no colour 
changes, merely remaining dark between crossed Nicols (isotropic), 
The commonest colourless sections are those of quartz, fe spars, 
leucite, nepheline, enstatite, olivine, apatite; and these are all 
anisotropic save leucite, which is dark between crossed prisms, and 
apatite, which usually continues bright. Muscovite, biotite, horn- 
blende and ferruginous enstatite are dichroic and anisotropic, while 
augite and diallage are non-dichroic but anisotropic, and all are 
coloured by transmitted light. Magnetite and pyrites are both 
Opaque, but, viewed by reflected light, the former is of a leaden and 
the latter of a brassy hue. 

The most abundant alteration products are chlorites, serpentines, 
calcite and opaque iron ores. The two former are green, only the 
first is pleochroic ; calcite is colourless, traversed by fine cleavage 
lines intersecting at an acute angle, and 

The following descriptions, the result t of the examination of over 
one hundred and twenty specially prepared slides, were drawn up 
primarily for those members of the Yorkshire Boulder Committee who 
possessed slides of such Lake District Rocks as are most commonly 
_ dispersed in the Northern Drift. They have also, it is said, been of 
some service to the members of the writer's petrological class. In 
. response to the wishes of both they are now willingly placed, in a 
more accessible form, at the service den 

[40]* Biotite granite: Snap. Quarts in round or — : 
grains, idiomorphic towards the felspars. Plagtoclase and 
scours a sia a aaa 
‘Naturalist, Angust 1892. | 

1893. 


248 TATE: LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS. 


act as a matrix for the quartz, strings of felspars lying between the 
quartz grains. ica, dark brown in hexagonal basal plates: light 
brown tints where the cleavage traces are nearly at right angles to 
the short axis of the polariser. In -sections making a smaller angle 
with the polariser the tint will be darker. Green mica (pleochroic) 
alternating with the above occasionally. Apatite: hexagonal prisms 
abundant, the clear, bright crystals in’ the biotite are cross-sections 
which rotated between crossed Nicols remain dark ; also in stumpy 
and a few fine prisms with parallel extinction. Zircon, a few small 
prisms with obtuse pyramids. Sphene, cuneate brown-olive (pleo- 
chroic), also in erewnne patches. Granules of magnetite accompany 
the green mica. 

(7] White prophyritic granite: Skrppaw. Felspars white, turbid 
(exam mine by reflected light). Orthoclase : note ‘schiller’ fibrillation. 
Oligoclase giving Carlsbad and albite twining. J/zca red- brown. to 

e honey yellow, with some green and even colourless from loss of 
iron, now gathered up, forming secondary magnetite grains. Quartz 
{with numerous moving bubbles), in clear tints, rainbow margins, 
allotriomorphic, filling the interstices between the above constituents. 
Apatite as small square or rod-like prisms: highly refractive but 
colourless; first evolved and therefore present in all the other 
components. Zidofe after felspar and biotite where these are in — 
contact: colourless, with brilliant _ tints. Chilorite (green) after 
biotite here and there. 

[29] Biotite grme: Eskpate. Quartz in irr grains 
enclosed by the felspar which sometimes penetrates shen multitude 
of minute cavities arranged in linear symmetry : note ‘strain-shadows,’ 
between crossed Nicols. ée/spars kaolinised (giving ‘aggregate 
polarisation’), and a chloritoid substance, feebly pleochroic along 
cracks. Orthoclase, Carlsbad, and ofegoclase with albite twinning. 


Biotite dark brown to honey-yellow and green to colourless 
(pleochroic) : basal sections hexagonal, isotropic: prisms across 
e. vage traces much bent. Afafize in six-sided cross-sections, clear, 
colourless and highly refractive i Epidote is a secondary 
constituent where biotite and fels spar lie in contact : it is scolourless 
by ordinary light. but — in brilliant tints. Agee nF 


| grains. 
- [33] Aplite: a “fine-grained vein: intrdsive. in. Rekidale granite a 
at WABERTHWAITE, Micropegmatitic : the felspars are chiefly 
ie thoclase with clase in part, and microcline. Quarts in cleat 
= — on for the very minute pores) Peotties the Snes a 
' ied ——— oe 


TATE: LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS. 249 


[22a] Quartz-Felsite (grey): THRELKELD Quarry. Porphyritic 
crystals of guartz and felspar in a microcrystalline intergrowth of 
the same minerals. The large quartz crystals have been fractured, 
and have had their edges fused, this zoning extinguishing uniformly 
with the body of the crystal. They contain enclosures in linear 
symmetry. Mica brown, strongly pleochroic: or in patches of 
chloritoid substance with feeble pleochroism. The felspathic com- 
ponents are kaolinised giving feeble aggregate polarisation. 

[224] Quartz-Felsite (red): Low Ricco, St. Joun’s VALE. 
A microcrystalline ground-mass, consisting of rectangular grains of 
clear guartz with felspars, mostly of prismatic habit, moulded thereon. 
The porphyritic elements in this slide are all felspars, being chiefly 
orthoclase with a few oligoclase crystals often zoned. Microperthite 
structure shown here: many are fractured, the fragments lying in 
juxtaposition indicating movement during recurrent phase prior to 
final consolidation. 

[20] Augite granophyre: Carrock Fett. A granophyric ground- 
mass moulded upon microporphyritic crystals of felspar mostly 
plagioclase in square sections. The orthoclase crystals extinguish 
simultaneously with the surrounding micropegmatite. Qwarfz in 
small allotriomorphic grains. Brown augife at one time figured as an 

important constituent ; it is now represented chiefly by iron-oxide 
blotches with here and there a patch or small crystal zoned by iron- 
oxide. Epidote in pale green patches feebly pleochroic, but double 
refraction stronger than the pyroxenes. Note the pseudospheerulitic 
Structure giving black cross when rotated between crossed Nicols. 

[8] Quartz Felsite: Armor Dyke. A granophyric structure— 
an intimate mixture of quartz and felspar—the ground-mass pseudo- 
spherulitic, giving a black cross between crossed Nicols. This 

encloses a few crystals of felspar and guarts. Mica in brown flakes 
and green (pleochroic) or colourless (bleached). Garnefs minute, 
bright with strong outlines (isotropic). The section is coated 

_ besprinkled with slender spindles of a pale green a 

substance which remains dark between pews Nicols. “Sihene : 

_ brown, feebly dichroic, enclosed i in the te fom — ce 
Cottipare with sli 


34: : Ae 
[34] Quartz Felsite : utvkicte Dice. Pornpiile, rystals of | 
quartz, reseed and etn ell in a microfelsitic matrix, here and there 
feebly pseu , clear; numerous minute cavities - 
with | crore arcs ‘also enol portions of ig matrix. — 
_ Felspars both orthoclase arid pi showing 
_ Microperthite structure. Biotite mostly green, x "tittle brown. 
pee 8 rey little, and a few minute — — 


Be a ae Oe oe 


250 TATE: LAKE COUNTRY ROCKS. 


reflected light, note that the red colour of the hand specimen is due 
to the action of the iron-oxides upon the kaolinised felspars. 
Compare with slide 8. 

[4] Buttermere ‘syenite’: Scare Force, Cut from a flesh- 
colouredspecimen of medium granitic texture. A granular intergrowth 
of guartz and felspar, the latter Bonin as matrix and often 
penetrating the former. Quartz with sharp rectangular outlines 
impressed on the interstitial pellucid ae the latter extinguishing 
uniformly in patches over wide areas. Microperthite structure of 
felspar predominating. ‘Large patches have more or less the aspect 
of porphyritic constituents as if a considerable amount of felspar 
substance had first separated as distinct crystals and then the 
remainder of the felspar substance had intercrystallised with quartz 
to form the matrix’ (Teall). | Ferromagnesian component after 
hornblende plates is now in a chloritoid state giving feeble pleochroic 
effects. Iron oxides (hematite, magnetite, limonite) accompany 
the above secondary products. Examine by reflected light and 
compare with slide 

[4a] Granophyre (Rosenbusch) ENNERDALE. Slide cut from 
a sombre fine-grained specim A granophyric intergrowth 0 
guartz and felspar is here seu exhibited, the two minerals 
polarising in uniform tints over a greater part of the slide. A radial 
grouping is common with occasionally central strongly polarising 
grains. The ferromagnesian component is scattered uniformly 
throughout the slide in small crystals of green hornblende, a few of 
which are still fresh and strongly pleochroic, but for the most part 
represented by a chloritoid substance with but feeble action on 
polarised light; associated with this are a few specks of reddish- 
brown somewhat translucent z/menite, powdered over with silvery 
leucoxene (best observed by reflected light), and also by a few 
grains of magnetite. Apatite is plentiful, enclosed in the hornblende, 
' but elsewhere it is a little difficult of identification and needs to ae 
_ carefully sought for, Compare slide 4. oe 

[x6]. Porphyritic diabase: Eycorr Hitt. Plagioclase crystals 
(labradorite) in large tabular plates, showing Carlsbad and also 
albite twinning, frequently encroaching upon each other, but never 
interfered with by the remaining components; are porphyritically 
developed in a vesicular ground-mass, consisting mainly of 770” 
ee bea numerous small lath-shaped twinned Séspors. and a a 

byroxene, 


Z. 


io) Quartz Gabbro: Carrock FELL. Plagioclase i in phe - 


lates (some very clear, others kaolinised), with quarts filling up all - : = 


the interstices, a of a ae reddish-brown tint, phic = - a 


NOTES: COLEOPTERA AND MOLLUSCA. 251 


relation to the smaller prisms of felspar. Magnetite and chlorite 
after diallage. Apatite doubtfully present. 

[18]. Gabbro: Carrock Fett. These plutonic representatives 
of the Andesitic lavas show considerable variation in texture. e 
plagioclase is much more kaolinised, and the slide generally less 
fresh than the preceding slide 19, with which it must be compared. 
The specimen was obtained nearer to Clifton Ward’s ‘Trap’ than 
No. 19. The dalJage is replaced to some extent by a green rhombic 
pyroxene, and magnetite plates are very abundant. Quar?z is less 
plentiful in this slide, micro-pegmatite here and there taking its 
place. Afatite, as small hexagonal sections, is present in the 
magnetite. and elsewhere. 

[3a]. Diabase (altered Dolerite) : CastLE Heap, Keswick. An 
example of a much-altered fine-grained dolerite. The plagioclase is 
very turbid ; augite often haba twinher ; biotite brown ; iron- 
oxides in titowii omer 
as secondary pro 

[5]. ae eek SInEN Git, Sxrppaw. This slide con- 
tains numerous transverse and longitudinal sections of chzastolite 
prisms embedded in a fossiliferous slate, consisting of black and 
white mica flakes, grains of guarts and tron-oxides, arranged in the 
parallelism characteristic of cleaved slate. The opaque matter 
Occupying the centre of the chiastolite prisms is carbonaceous. 


: . Ls 


NOTE—COLEOPTERA. 


Lathrobium jum rufipenne in Linc —Last Whit Monday, May 22nd, 
while working for Coleoptera, in the a aren of Brigg, on the ay of 
the Ancholme, early in the afternoon, I found a couple of specime 
tare Lathrobium yakeene Gyll., on the mud, sheltering from the rays mt de 

beetle have been in this 


then very This does not ya to 
district ciate given for it by ont anon Fowler in his ‘ Coleoptera 
of the British ie being as follows :—‘ Very rare; sig b005 Fen and other 


fen localities ; Coleshill, Sutton Park, oom » and a 
Chase ; Barton Moss, Manchester, in a ee Bb and 
‘Cheshire.’ —Josert € Cor, Hull, July anh, meget : 


NOTE—MOLLUSCA. 


A variety tof Limnza Limnza palustris.—On the 1 of June, Ue Gants, 
of Elland, whilst searching for shells at Shirley Poo , the home of the large 
Spearwort (Ranunculus lingua), found a specim of Limnea palustris, with 
MATEINGS Frese bling the var. pita of Linen per The bands are seven in 
number, but only commence pee l, and would convey the 
idea that the mantle of the Be aban The shell is only 
a small one, but looks Bas pretty: with its unusual sel markings Wa, NELSON, 
Crossgates, July sth, 189 oe 


: — +1893. 


252 
NEWTON’S DICTIONARY OF BIRDS. 

A | Dictionary of Birds | by | ALFRED NeEwrTON | assisted by | Hans 
Gapow | with contributions from | RicHarD LYDEKKER, se FG, 
CHARLES S. Roy, M.A., F.R.S. | and | Ropert W. SHuUFELDT, M.D. | 
(late United Sart Army). | Part I. | (A.-GA.) | London: wre and 
Charles Black. 93. 

4: Fe Disbaily of Birds’ has long been looked for by 


in four parts, the first of which (A.-GA.) has already appeared, 
and the second is to appear in October. 

The work is mainly based on articles contributed b 
author to the Ninth Edition of the Zncyclopedia Britannica, but 
with large additions by himself and the other scientists named on 
the title page. Of these additions the most important are the 
anatomical papers by Dr. Gadow, which now supply a source of 
information which has long been greatly needed, and, so far, has 
not been made available in a handy form for students and others 
who wish to study ornithology scientifically. Of not less value, 


too, in their respective lines are the articles contributed by 
Mr. ae Professor Roy, and Dr. Shufeldt. 
Of Professor Newton’s own contributions it would be impossible 


to speak too ‘highly. There are occasions when all praise may be 
considered superfluous, and this is one of them. Where all is good 
it seems needless to draw attention to special portions. The notices 
of the ‘ Bustard,’ ‘ Capercally,’ ‘ Cuckow,’ ‘ Dodo,’ ‘ Eagle,’ and the 
chapters headed ‘ Eggs,’ ‘ Extermination,’ will each be found to 
‘contain much which is of practical value and interest, including in a 
condensed form all the information up to date required by the 
student ; pee subject being dealt with in a a and most 
: scholarly manner, and on strictly scientific lin 


The usefulness and beauty of the work are “saleh enhanced by 


electrotypes taken from the woodcuts which illustrate Swainson’s” 


‘Classification of Birds,’ also from other sources which have been — Z 


duly acknowledged by the author. 


Taken as a whole we consider tints no such excellent and useful 


work, on its special subject, has appeared in this century, and we 


are sure that the possessio n of the first part must create a strong 7 


desire to see the remainder. When completed it will be found a 
most eee et ee addition to the working library of 


FORMATION OF A 
LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


A MEETING of Lincolnshire naturalists was held at Mablethorpe on 
June 12th for the double purpose of investigating the natural history 
capabilities of the district and of forming a Lincolnshire Naturalists’ 
Union similar to the one in Yorkshire. 

Several naturalists, anxious not only to be on the spot early on the 
Monday morning, but also desirous of instituting a more thorough 
search than could be done in the short space of time at disposal on 
the actual day of the excursion, arrived on a seleies and were well 
accommodated at the ‘ Book-in-Hand’ Ho 

The weather was certainly not all that sa be desired, for the 
sun persistently refused to show its face, and a cold wind blew in 
from the sea, rendering ‘great catches,’ for entomologists at any 
rate, out of the question, while at times a few drops of rain fell; yet, 
despite this forbidding aspect of the weather, by eleven o’clock about 
thirty naturalists from all parts of Lincolnshire, and a few from 
Yorkshire, had assembled at the station and proceeded by rail to. 
Theddlethorpe, then working along by the drain-sides to the coast, 
where they spread over the sand-hills and beach, some very 
interesting captures being soon reported. The Rev. C. W. Whistler 
found a Natterjack Toad nestling in its burrow, and when it was 

‘unearthed,’ its peculiar gait, sc sO different from that of the common 
_ toad, excited tly aft ds Mr. Mason. 
found another one. On the igs beds, just north of Theddle- 
thorpe, the burrows of two species of Béedius were very conspicuous, 
_and there must have been many millions of these beetles there, for as 
far as the eye could see their ‘casts’ were plainly visible. In. 
addition to the pefect insect, both eggs and larvz were also obtained. 
_ The ornithologists had been particularly energetic and had, 
extended their investigations as far as Solheim and vy were ‘pesheps 
_ More successful than any other section, 
— The time at disposal was, however, very dion, and by three, 
o'clock most of the excursionists had found their way back to 
Mablethorpe to the ‘ Book-in-Hand,’ where they did ample justice: to. 
@ most liberally provided luncheon, after which a general meeting 


was held, at which Professor L. C. Miall, E.RS., presided. Letters, — 


Were received from Rev. G. D. Ash, Rey. W. Fowler, M.A. (Liver- 
sedge), Rev. H. A. Barker, Mr. Wm. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., and 
others 1 ag their inability to be present. ‘The chairman, —_ his 
opening speech, remarked that their li 

ssa operat cova were the facilities in i olns ire 


for the st a 


254 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION. 


of natural history, and what a fair prospect was opened out for the 
formation of a Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union, for the county of 
Lincoln had peculiar features of its own which could not be excelled, 
if rE by any other county. 

r. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S., then formally proposed that 
a rn Naturalists’ om be fritid) and Rev. Canon W. W. 
Fowler, M.A., seconded, and Rev. E. A. W. Peacock supported, the 
proposition. This was unanimously carried, and Mr. John Cordeaux, 
M.B.O.U., then proposed that the Lincolnshire members present 
form a provisional committee with Mr. Walter F. Baker as secretary. 
Mr. F. Arnold Lees seconded, and the motion was carried. 

The Rev. Canon W. W. Fowles; M. Ay ach — then proposed that 
a hearty vote of thanks b the originators of this excursion, 
Mr. Walter F. Baker, Mr. Joseph Coe, and ‘Mr. J. Larder, and this 
was duly seconded and carried. A vote of thanks to the chairman 
concluded the meeting. 

It had been intended to hold sectional meetings, but time being 
so short it was decided to have the reports sent in in writing, and the 
following have been received :— 

For the geologists, Mr. F. M. Burton, F.L.S., F.G.S., reports as 
follows :—Although, in the way of investigation, the locality chosen 
for the excursion could not, from its very nature, be favourable to 
Geology—the whole of the land for miles round being covered by — 
peat and silt—yet a flat sandy shore, like that at Mablethorpe, has 
many points of interest for the geological student, as well as for 
the biologist and botanist. The boulder clay of the great glacial 
age lies under these alluvial deposits, and, in a disused brick-pit at 
Theddlethorpe St. Helens, where this clay until lately was worked 
—and in which a good sized boulder was lying—part of an old 
Roman Bank is exposed. [See note appended to this report kindly 
communicated by the Rev. C. W. Whistler, the Vicar of West 


Theddlethorpe. ] The chief interest attaching to this district, so far 


as geology is concerned, lies in the question—What comes under 
_ the boulder clay?—and good work may be done by any geologist, = 
_ or naturalist, who will take the trouble to ett aie’ any wells, or 
rics with a view to its 
Only recently, at a meeting of the Ceisloatial Society of London, 


on the 24th May last, in a paper on some recent borings at Alford, 


egness, Mr. Jukes Browne disclosed the existence 


eath rift ; and a good field for discovery, by similar 
ons, lie “ | to _— on the a = are ae cee 


-anticlinal axis, bringing up Lower Cretaceous 


FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 255 


A low flat sea-shore like that of Mablethorpe, with its unrivalled 
stretch of sands, is always a matter of interest to the geologist, as, 
from it can be traced the origin of many similar strata in past ages. 
The ripple marks and water runnels in the sands have their counter- 
parts in the Yorkshire flagstones, the thin shales of the Keuper, and 
other deposits of a like nature; and the way in which these are 
produced can only be arrived at, and verified, by the study of 
similar actions at the present time. 

In some places, particularly near the mud-flats of Saltfleet, on 
turning up the soil, numerous well-defined laminations of alternate 
sand and mud were met with. These are caused by the occasional 
overflowing of the sea, charged with mud and silt, forming a layer, 
which is again covered over by the blown up sand ; while, in other 
places, the difficulties in pronouncing strata to be of marine or 
terrestrial origin, were well exemplified in the fact of finding some 
Three-spined Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus Spinulosus), which are fond of 
brackish water, lying dead in the dried-up channels and mud-holes, 
mixed up with crabs, zoophytes, ray’s egg-cases, land, freshwater, 
and marine shells, and countless thousands of the little shore-loving 
mollusc (Assiminea grayana), which abounds on the fitties at Clee- 

Orpes, and is met with generally in the salt-marshes of our eastern 
coasts. 

And now a word about the high banks of sand running 
all along the coast, and the mode of their formation. These 
banks, begun by the hand of man and increased by the action 
of the wind, present a feature which adds much to the quiet 
Stay beauty of the scenery. The way in which this increase is 
effected may be seen any day when a strong wind is blowing towards 
the land. At such times the dry sand is in motion, and rushes in 
Clouds, with a stinging effect, towards the barrier, helping to pile it 

up, and covering in its course every pebble, waif, and shell; each 
_ Obstacle with its long drawn talus of sand aney from the wind’s 
direction— 
Aided old eo ol 
. The sea, as is often erroneously thought, has had, and can have, 
no hand in this. The sea is always a leveller, and if the tides were | 
high enough, and strong enough, it would sweep away the refuge of — 
__ Sand by undermining its base—but the bank here has become so a 
matted and protected by the Sea Buck-Thorn (Hippophaé rham- 
_noides), the Sea Maram (Psamma arenaria) with its fine glaucous 


foliage, Elymus arenarius—the Icelanders’ substitute for corn—and 


_ Other grasses ; till, aided by the continued robe up of the sand, 
he bank ol sO 


; oe : oe 
ey vpeconic well-nigh, it not - . ures) 


256 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


far,-at all events, as any force is concerned which so narrow and 
shallow a sea as the German Ocean can bring against it. These 
are some of the geological lessons to be learned from a_ walk 
along a shore like that of Mablethorpe ; and a study of the different 
sand-marks, tracks, and worm-casts; the thrown-up fragments of 
wood, shells, and other waifs of the sea, will go far to the 
correct reading and mode of deposit of similar ancient tidal shores, 
stg! done in stone—whether, for instance, they have been deposited 
a quiet or rough coast; whether any rivers or streams flowed 
ltd them, bringing the products of the land to mingle with those 
of the sea; or whether the region has been influenced by ice, in 
which case, as at Mablethorpe, stones and shells from higher latitudes 
will be met with ; and in solving many a questionable appearance 
which the student without such knowledge is very apt to mistake. 

Mr. Whistler’s note is as follows :-— 

The Roman bank is part of the great earthwork which runs the whole length 
of the Lindsey Marsh from Boston to Saltfleet, and I think still north again. 
A long stretch from Boston to Wainfleet is a as roadway, and, I am told, 
was metalled by the Romans themselves. It is so used again for about a mile at 
Saltfleet. A great deal of the bank has been carted on to the fields about here to 
improve sandy land. My Churchwarden, a farmer of 72, remembers well when 
there were no sand-hills over, or on this side of, the Roman bank (it is under 
the sand at Mablethorpe and below the Mablethorpe brick-field), and the sea line 

at that date was much nearer the Roman bank. He worked all one Sunday, 
with every available cart and man, at repairing a gap made in the bank bya 
heavy gale, some 60 years ago. This gives the date of the present sand-hillsas _ 
not more than 50 years ago. They have increased rapidly seawards during my 
five years here. 

The botanists were well ace mates the following gentlemen 
being present :—Dr. Thrimbleby, Rev. E. A. Woodruffe-P rear 
F, Arnold Lees, Messrs . J. Larder, B. * Ciba MGA AR Yeon an. 

The Rev. E. A. W. Peacock writes that the following flowering — eu 
plants were observed on the sand-hills in the three parishes eo 
Theddlethorpe Alt Saints, ‘St. Helen, and Mablethorpe. 8 
Ranunculus atus Sibth Ranunculus sceleratus iL Be 
Ranunculus trichophylls Chaz. Both the large and small 

' flowered type. 
 Aquilegia _ vulgaris L. An escape, without doubt. oe 
: Nuphat luteum we In Theddlethorpe All Saints’ Sich, perhaps oe 
ee r. minor Syme. oF 
ver spana. - P. dubium L Pe ”angemone Ls 


FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 257 


Lychnis vespertina Sibth. Cerastium arvense L. 

Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Arenaria peploides L. 

Geranium pratense L. In railway ballast at Theddlethorpe 
Station. 

Malva rotundifolia L 

Erodium cicutarium L’Hérit., var. /viviale Jord. and also Bab. 
First record for county of Lincoln (F.A.L.). 

Trifolium scabrum. 

Potentilla reptans L. Rosa rubiginosa L. 

Myriophyllum spicatum L. About Theddlethorpe All Saints. 

Conium maculatum L. Apium graveolens L. 

Chezrophyllum anthriscus Lamk. Galium verum L. 

Valeriana dioica L. Erigeron acre L. 

Matricaria parthenium L. Doubtfully wild? 

Carduus nutans L. Crepis virens L. 

_ Lactuca virosa L. Sonchus asper Hoffm. 

Tragopogon minor Fries. (The only var. found in Lincolnshire 
I believe.—E.A.W.-P.) 

Armeria maritima Willd. Lysimachia nummularia L. 

Glaux maritima L. At Theddlethorpe All Saints. 

Samolus valerandi L. Cynoglossum officinale L. 

Lycopsis arvensis L. Myosotis versicolor Reich. 

Echium vulgare L. Solanum dulcamara L. 

Veronica anagallis L. Rhinanthus minor Ehrh. 

Plantago maritima L. Plantago coronopus L. 

Obione portulacoides L. Hippophaé rhamnoides L. 

Salix viridis Fries. (F.A.L.). Salix viminalis L. (F.A-L.). 

_ Salix cinerea L. (F.A.L.). : 7 
- Orchis incarnata L. At Theddlethorpe All Saints. A very fine and 
luxuriant specimen, almost thirty inches high, with three large 

flowers. 
_ Allium compactum Thuill. at Theddlethorpe St Ticlens, and i 
Mablethorpe. First record for var. for county of Lincoln. 
Triglochin palustre L. At Theddlethorpe All Saints. 
Triglochin maritimum L. 
7 ellia pedicellata Fries. Firstrecord for North Lincolnshire. 
arenaria L. — 


258 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


Festuca rubra L. So Mr. Arthur Barnett nameda specimen from 
Skegness for me, but I cannot help thinking that it is the 
F. rubra L.., i.¢e., F. arenaria Osb.; but it was not creeping 
as far as I Sbeerved. This is a first veceed for county of Lincoln 
in any case. Unfortunately I lost my specimens.—E. A. W.- 
bot arenarius L. 
lants which I find, from theevid of my ‘Locality Register, 
to ie common to all parts of the county I have not noticed in this 
list. Specimens of most of the rarer ones were taken from the County 
Herbarium, which, along with the thousands of notes in my ‘ Locality 
Register,’ are always at the service of working naturalists. This 
list, considering the short time at the disposal of the botanists, is 
a very creditable one; for they were deprived for two-thirds of their 
walk of the great knowledge of Mr. F. A. Lees, who arrived by 
a later train. 

The following entomologists were present :—Professor L. C. Miall, 
F.R.S., Rev. W. W. Fowler, M.A., F.E.S., and Messrs. T. Gelsthorpe, 
W. F. Baker, J. Coe, and E. J. Slater. 

For the Lepidoptera, the only thing worthy of note was the 
enormous quantity of the larve of the Cinnabar Moth (Euchelia 
Jacobee), all the shrubs and plants on the sand-hills literally swarming 
with them. 

For the Coleoptera, the Rev. Canon W. W. Fowler reports that 
the weather was extremely unfavourable, as a strong and cold 
east wind was blowing, and very few therefore were ‘observed, — 
the best being Bledius bicornis, which, to judge by the casts — 
thrown up considerably below high-water mark, was very abundant ; ge 
Bledius arenarius was also found and a single specimen ce 
Dyschirius thoracicus; Anomala frischii also occurred on the sand- 


hills, with a few ordinary Dromii, Homalote, etc.; these with —_ a 
guttula, Hydroporus assimilis, and H. depressus, cat a few common 


Bembidia made up the list of captures. _ Cynoglossum officinale (the oe 
_ Common Hound’s Tongue) was in bloom, and very plentiful, but did o 
not yield a single beetle, although one certainly might have cen e 
to get a few Centhorhynchus asperifoliarum, 
For Conchology, Mr. F. W. Fierke, M.C.S., the Ree be w : 
Whistler, M.R.C.S., and Mr. F. M. Burton collected, the first named - 
giving the following report : — a 
The investigation of a new y district has invariably a healthful . 
‘influence cme mind of as it  ~pro’ rovides him — 


oS c with material for useful comparative work. Tt must be confessed 


aelich eatincsten tell at atest esa 


~*~ 


FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 259 


in our power in promoting the furtherance of the natural history 
activities of the county of Lincoln, that we were induced to leave the 
Yorkshire side of the ‘muddy’ Humber, and to attend the meeting of 
Lincolnshire naturalists at Mablethorpe. The time at our disposal 
was short, for we only reached Mablethorpe about 11 a.m., and, by the 
time we had arrived at Saltfleetby, the place at which operations 
practically commenced, it was nearly noon. 

Taking a rough bird’s-eye view, the district presented a striking 
resemblance to many parts of Holderness, a flat-lying country, with 
numerous dykes and drains intersecting each other. Such at any 
rate, were the distinguishing features of our route between Saltfleetby 
Station and the sand-dunes of the coast. It was, however, soon 
made plain that the drainage system of the district was not designed 
to serve agricultural interests to such an extent as appears to be the 
case in Holderness. The frequent cleansing of the drains seriously 
interferes with the development of the mollusca inhabiting them. 
At Saltfleetby there were manifest indications of the dykes having 
been left undisturbed for some time past, which had favoured the 
growth of Physa fontinalis to the average length of half-an-inch, and 
to an unusual development of that elegantly formed shell Bythinia 
leachit, which in some few instances had been such as almost to 
rival in size its clumsy-looking relative, B. tentaculata. Both species 
were exceedingly abundant; in fact, the pectinibranchiate mollusca 


Were uncommonly well represented in the dykes of the route. 


A short distance from the coast we halted by the bank-side of a wide 


_ drain which had an average depth of about eighteen inches of water, 


a light sandy bottom, and contained very little vegetation. It was 
not difficult soon to distinguish grovelling at the bottom, the heavy 
0 


— form of Viviparus contectus. On the other side of the road one 


more gill-breathing mollusc occurred plentifully on a species of 
L£nteromorpha which covers the surface of the water. | ieee = 


a3 Vateata cristata. 


3 vegetation ; in places the surface was 
_ the less generally distributed Z. gibda, and here and there the unmis- . 


With the exception of the focaliiy. where Vines was takes : 
here was, everywhere over the route, a luxuriant growth of ne 


takeable reniform-shaped leaves of the frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus- 


vane). The uppermost whorls of the shell of Limnea stagnalis 
__ Were occasionally to be observed as the animal would be struggling — 
oa the mass of weeds from which it seemed to be endeavouring to” : 


7 means oe abet of this ——— — 
Sept. 1893, 1893. 


260 FORMATION OF A LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. 


An examination of the water-weeds and caddis-cases requires 
time and patience, but the trouble so expended has often its reward. 
The caddis-cases particularly form a very profitable study; the 
curious animal which you will invariably find in them is a veritable 
conchologist, for it collects the shells of the pond or dyke and glues 
em together, forming for itself an almost invulnerable stronghold 
in which it resides. It was to one of these cases we were unquestion- 
ably indebted for directing our attention to a more careful sorting of 
the water-weeds for that rare freshwater mollusc Segmentina nitida 
(Mull.), of which we caenhom obtained several living specimens. 
Lastly, in regard to the aquatic molluscs, we observed several 
instances of abnormal ane Planorbis umbiticatus, which is 
particularly common near Saltfleetby, appears to affect in many 
specimens a very striking swollen character near the mouth of the 
shell. One specimen of this species exhibited a very odd shape; 
the shell had apparently received some injury at one time, resulting 
in the interference of the growth of the whorls on the normal plane. 
A specimen of P. vortex was taken with the whorls very much 
disjointed, giving the shell a distinct conical appearance. In both 
cases the shells contained the living animal, which remained perfectly 
lively and well in the jars of water in which ved were placed for 
subsequent observation. 
The following aquatic species were taken on eh route :—/isidium 
pusillum, Spherium corneum, Valvata cristata, Bythinia leachii, 
. tentaculata, Viviparus contectus, Limnea palustris, L. stagnalis, — 
Ps peregra, Physa fontinalis, Planorbis contortus, P. corneus, £- 
umbilicatus, P. carinatus, P. vortex, and Segmentina nitida. = 
The weather had been much too dry to have made search for 
terrestrial mollusca successful, even had we had time on our hands 
me have doneso. The Rev. C. W. Whistler had succeeded in obtaining 
specimen of Hyalinia fulva, and on the previous day Mr. J.Coe 
(Hull) collected on the coast near Mablethorpe the shells of Helix 
aspersa var. exalbida. H. caperata was noticed on the coast. The 
broken shells of Helix nemoralis were fairly abundant on the sand-— 
dunes, where they appear to have met their unhappy fate through 
some enterprising members of the feathered tribe. 7S 
Mr. John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., gives the following as a list 
) of the birds seen at Mablethorpe, on June 12th, and the two ene a 
ft ing ore with nes notes on some of the species:— oe. 


MIGRATORY BIRDS IN THE TRENT VALLEY. 261 


Stonechat. Lark. - 
Whitethroat. Cuckoo. uniin. 
Sedgewarbler. Kestrel. Aum 
Linnet. Wild Duck (Azas doschas). 


Notes on the above :— 
Numbers frequent the sand-hills for the aoe which 
supply a source of food both in the summer and winte 
Wheatear. Several seen, and two broods along with the old birds, 
the one north and the other immediately south of Saltfleet 


Hav 
Sieaéchat Several pairs, also young, but chiefly confined to the 
land side of sand-hills—both this and the Whinchat frequent 
the sands, searching for small flies in the ridge of seaweed 
brought in with the tid 
An extremely pale sand coloured variety seen in one of the 


warrens. 
Stockdove. Several pairs, and nesting in the rabbit-burrows or the 


warrens. 
Ringed Plover. Both the greater and the smaller race were seen, 
the former evidently nesting on the coast. 
Sanderling. Two seen in company with one of the smaller race of 
Dunlin, in summer plumage, and one of the small Ringed Plover. 
June 12th isa late date for the Sanderling, a species which ought 
at this time to be at its nesting quarters within the Arctic Circle. 
I drove close past these little birds and observed that the neck 
and upper breast were closely spotted with brown, as in summer, © 
but the upper parts were mainly ash-grey, as in wint 
Redshank. About five pair near Saltfleet, aaa they were 
evidently nesting. 
With regard to the other branches of natural history only = 


_ Notes were made. A small Pike was obtained in one of the drains, 


also two species of Newts: the Frog, the Common Toad, the 
. (releas Toad, and one of the false scorpions, Chelifer degeertt. 
~The Polecat : appears to be common in the district. —W. F. BAKER. 


NOTE—ORNI THOLOGY. 


- Migratory Birds in rent Valley.— Widachdey, h A as 

a hot day wih a strong goo be bas the east and ‘north-east. At nine o'clock in 

_ the evening the wind dropped and lightning commenced. a few hours later 
_ a thunderstorm was raging, which lasted with shat intervals till 8am. Several 

_ umes during the night and notably at about 3 a.m. I heard large flocks of waders 


262 


TRE STUDY OF DIATOMS. 


An prise | tothe Study of the | Diat ez, | By | FREDERICK WM. 
LLS, . RONLS | 2s | S| with at Bibliography, | rif rae ests, 
ERM gra | London : | Tliffe & Son Ors Pa B 8vo. 


xii +243 pag 

This little a is modestly styled an ‘ Introduction’ by its author, 
and it is truly such, being very elementary in nature. Of the 240 pp- 
comprising the text, the work proper only occupies 77 pp., the 
remainder, pp. 78-240, being the Bibliography of Mr. Julien Deby. 
With limited space at our disposal, we can but glance at the salient 
points of the work. On p. 3 we are informed that Diatoms ‘have 
been known to survive nearly a quarter of a century in their natural 
element,’ etc.; this quoted instance of ‘longevity’ omits the 
important fact that in that long period there must have been many 
cycles of generations—each of comparatively brief existence. In 
chapter ii. the structure, internal and external, of these lovely little 
organisms is but cursorily treated; and, in lieu of information on 
the chemistry of the endochrome, references only are given, and 
those to authors inaccessible to ordinary British readers. The third 
chapter, on the movements of Diatoms, i " spe fairly rendered; bear 
the quotations well chosen. he fourth 
based upon that of Prof. H. L. Smith lone: “of: the few American 
authors whom it is safe to follow !), which will be found very useful 


for reference by any student. With respect to the modes of repro- — : 
duction, it ‘goes without saying’ that the dicta of the illustrious _ 


DeBary represent practically all that is known. Many diatomists 
will, however, not accept the new-fangled term Zygosperm as a sub-— 
stitute for the older word Zygospore—and the mass of practical 
workers will object to the conclusions quoted from Dr. Dallinger. 

are sO important that we cite them. He says, pp. 39-4% 


binary sub-division cannot take place in genera with unequal valves, 
as it is universally acknowledged that the two new valves which are 


formed in the process of binary sub-division must stereotype them- 
_ selves on the old valves ’—this is exactly what does zof take place! 
A very distinguished observer writes to us, ‘ the young valves never 
stereotype themselves om the parent valves . . . they are 
unquestionably developed within the parent valves.’ The use of the 


word ‘stereotype’ by Dr. Dallinger appears to be a lapsus calami, — 
as, if anything approaching a stereotyping occurred in vegetative 


_ self-division, the markings would also ‘stereotype’ fescapbion’ ys : 
forms d 


this our friend writes, ‘both th 7 : 
not acquire their perfect streistisiy until each has emerged from its 


parent Wave, «6 = and why each y young valve and not 
_ before, _ completes its structural ad n more than 


THE STUDY OF DIATOMS. 263 


I shall ever know’! Again, Dr. Dallinger says (respecting 
binary sub-division), ‘this process cannot take place in those 
genera in which axes cross one another like Campylodiscus, 
or in those in which the two valves, although equal, yet constantly 
unite in such a way that the similar parts alternate with one another, 
as may be seen in Asterolampra.’ Once more ‘a slip of the pen’! 
‘the valves of no diatom-frustules, except those developed from the 
sporangial brood, have equal valves, i.e., valves of exactly the same 
dimensions—and every diatom subdivides in the usual fashion, 
whether its axes do or do not cross each other.’ With the remarks 
of the veteran observer, whom we quote, we can but entirely agree ; 
and would refer any one who was curious on these points to such 
memoirs as O. Muller, on Aelosira (Orthosia) arenaria; or Wallich, 
on the relation between the development, reproduction, and markings 
of the Diatomacee. On page 41 the word ‘thallus’ is correctly 
used in its pristine sense, but it is worthy of remark that the term 
‘stipes’ is more usually employed to denote the long or short, 
granular or hyaline, pedicels or branchlets, on which are borne the 
stipitate (not stipate) species : in English books the word thallus 
is usually taken to denote the irregular fibro-mucous masses, 
or branching quasi-fronds, in which many of these forms live em- 
bedded. The notes upon mounting, especially ‘in situ,’ are hardly 
Satisfactory. No varnished cells (asphalt, ‘coachmaker’s-black’, or 
‘black-japan,’) should be used unless they have been gently baked, 
to harden them. To mix benzol with gold-size is superfluous ; but, 
when closing the cell, in wet mounts, both the top of the ring and 
the edge of the cover-glass should be lightly touched with the gold- 
size ; this makes the ‘joint’ doubly secure. An excellent medium — 


- for fuid mounts is distilled water impregnated with a little camphor, 


creosote, or carbolic acid—we agree with Mr. Mills that in water alone 
_ these objects will soon decompose. No mention is made of the 


2 methods of mounting the frustules in Canada-balsam, mono- — 


oe eon, of naphthaline, etc., while the wonderfully concocted _ 
-‘nostrum’ devised by Mr. E. M. Nelson is given #n extenso! _Among 

a matters connected with app 

_ Of Ross & Co. should ‘be omitted ; and among lamps the ‘Bockett- 

lamp’ of Collins surely might have found a place? On objectives . 
one remark is eoubepien aiher viz., that it is not advisable to use — 
_ a higher power than a { in.; this is sound sense, and we advise its 
e consideration by the followers of ‘twenty-fifths and fiftieths ’—as.all 


_ the best work has been performed with comparatively low powers. 


= chapter on Photography will repay perusal by the dilettante 


-opist, #5 home core Tat been bestowed ape se a 


264 NOTES : BOTANY. 


process and accessories—but no micro-photograph has yet equalled 
the splendid handiwork of first rate draughtsmen, such as the late 
Tuffen West, Dr. Greville, and Huth. Without being hypercritical 
upon so modest a compilation as that of Mr. Mills, we must confess 
ourselves somewhat ears ted. 

The major part of the volume is devoted to the Bibliography of 
Mr. Deby (assisted, we believe, by that excellent authority, Mr. F. 
Kitton), and this is simply splendid—beyond all praise. _ It is, in fact, 
worth all the cost of the book—and no student of the Diatoms will, 
in the future, be able to dispense with the references it affords. 

The type and ‘get up’ of the work are very good, but revision 
has been sadly needed, as evinced by the number of aa 
errors, and words and proper names mis-spelt. W.B et 


eal sialic iataanitils 


Rosa spinosissima in Lincolnshire.—This as at length been 
recorded well within the county, by sh brother, she ‘autives it in Raithby 
Parish, near oe in June. The specimen has been cag etree for me by 
Mr. F. Arnol Lees, hoc AE Lences, ‘onl August 


Rosa villosa sub-sp. (Sm.) in North Lincs., oe ne 
been found on the chalk in Welton Parish, near Louth, and identified by 
Mr. F. A. Lees, who writes that this montane rose, growing in low east England, 

y 


by . 
ra sage Pebert red crags . R. Yeoman, near Goulceby.—J. LARDER, Louth, — 


ns in Bloom.—Three male Ash trees (Fraxinus excelstor) growing 
near Penrith have this ‘been covered with bloom whilst in full leaf So 
singular and beautiful did they appear as to become unrecognisable to many. = 


It is no doubt due to the remarkably warm and dry spri e 
i is rarely seen blooming in such perfection ee in leaf, the flower 
coming — I should like to know if this has been noticed in other places.— 


J. CHARL S SMITH, Nandana, Penrith, 13th July, ios 
Mud Car ex (Carex limosa).—I have found this Carex growing a at Woodside 8 
Moss in North Westmorland. It ree I think, be considered rare in England, 
especially in the South, but common in Scotland.—J. CHares Sm1TH, Nandana, 
Penrith, "3th July, 1893. S 
Bei J.C C. Smith sent me a specimen of Carex dimosa from Woodside Moss, #0 


. I have only seen it from one 0’ 
station in Westmorland, at 1,000 feet ver Kentmere, where it was found by 


Mr, 1. C. Martindale. It would be interesting to know what is the ae 
the & Woodside station. Is et ey Oe y that genuine C. mest was 
common in Scotland. J. G. Bixee 
specimens ‘of Herb Paris (Paris qu adriflig), ), growing inanriantl 7 in & “damp 
ady situation at Woodside Mos: Westmorland, _— sc 


265 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: 


Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and 
Physical Features of the North of England. 


GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY, 1892. 
THE present instalment has been compiled and edited by 
ALFRED HARKER, M.A., F.G.S. 
Previous instalments of pcm ee of Geology and 
Palzontology have appeared as 
For 1884, in ‘ Naturalist,’ Dec. 1885, pp. 394-406. 
Vov. 1886, pp. 349-362. 


id q 5» ” 


«6 «1866, a June 1888, pp. vighags 

” 1887, + Feb. 1889, pp- 

» 1888, He April-May A ts on 121-138. 
» 1889, » Nov. 1890, pp- 339-350- 

ss) «2890, » Oct.-Nov. 1891, pp. 313-330. 
i 38Qr, Ss July-Aug. 1892, pp. 219-234. 


The following list includes a few entries omitted in former 
instalments. The chief abbreviations employed are :— 
Q.J.G.S. = Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. xlviii. 
G.M. = Geological Magazine, decade 3, vol. ix. 
Rep. B.A. = Report of British Association Meeting for 1891 (at 


r. Leeds G. oe Transactions of Leeds Geological ——. 
te vii. 
Tr. Manch. G.S.=Transactions of Manchester Geological 
Need vols. xxi. xxii. 

m. Pr. Manch. LPS- Memos and Proceedings of Man- 
ae Literary and Philosophical Society, ser. 4, vol. v. 
Pr. Liy. G.S. = Proceedings of ee Geological ey 

vol. vi., part 4. 
Pr. Yorks. G.P.S. = Proceedings of Yorkshire. Geological and 
Nec argemts Society (N.S.) vol. xii., parts I. and II. : 
H.J. = Natural History Society. 


Anon. [not signed]. Lane. S. 
Ancient Red-deer Horns Hound in the old bed of the Irwell during the 
Sry eas — Canal Se, Land and Water, Oct. 26th, sa, 


266 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 


ANON, [not = York $.E, 
ient : British and Roman [at ee oie in the cliff; remains of 
tone and Fallow Deer found]. Yorks. Notes and Queries, part 19, April 
1090, 
Anon. [not aoe Northern a 
The Coal-fields of the United a [a series of articles on the 
neg: with raneynas tables giving the position one a pres or 
ms]. Colliery Guardian, ox ee 1891, 
ash et signed]. York Mid we 
ists’ Annual Conversazione [with some account of t 
ssi selbhng of the Elbolton Cave near erent _ he Herald, Jan. py 
ANON. [not ace N.W. of England. 
The first annual meeting of the North-West of gland Bould 
Paasatnas ta [reported in a Matare: March 24th, vol. 45, p- 495- 
ANON, [not signed]. Isle of Man. 
Geological notes made on an] Excursion to Michael, September Ist, 
1891. Yn Lioar pena: April, pp. 307-308. 
Anon. [signed ‘M ay Linc. N. 
Submerged rau fat Mablethorpe]. Nature, June gth, p. 128. 
Anon, [not — Lancs. S. 
Deep t Manchester [with an account of the shaft _— boring bs 
Audenshaw, okie ile of 1,018 yards; the superficial deposits are 60 
yards thick, and no coal w struck until a depth of goo yards was reached]. 
Chambers’ Journal, and Perk Weekly Post, Aug. 27t th.” 
ANON. [not sf 0m _ Derbyshire. 
The > Pa ee Pe, vs 


eak District rl ire 
“Thorough Guides ") i <a. [the scenery discussed from a soit stand- 
point, pp. ix.-xiv. ]. , 1891. 


ANoNn. [not signed]. Derby and Motte; : 
——. Handbook for Travellers Derbyshire, 
estershire, and Staffordshire, se os. [Physical History and Geology. 
- yee -(16)], London. 
ANON, [not signed]. 


Cheshire. 
the ‘Witches’ [describing the Cheshire salt-district]. Cornhill Mage, 
Sept, pp. 256-265. 


Anon: [not signed]. York Mid =“ 
Our Photograph |: a fine Carboniferous Tree [describing a Si illaria found 
in the Ganister Quarry of Roses Rowland in the Sean oa Valley Tr. 
Leeds G.A., pp. 51, 52, and plate. | 
L< ATKINSON. Poe - York N. E. 
wee Years in a ak F atish [Danby-in-Cleveland * Descripti co 
and Geological’ chapters oe oe ndix B. "Geological oe 
Considerations,’ pp- 395-400]. 8vo., PP xi. "+ 45, don, 1891. es 


Be. BEASLEY and J. Lomas. 
; and 


Caldy Grange [in a quarry pear 


Nomen 
some West F 
Grammar School, with oor ond and ston Pr. liv. G.S., PP neat5, 


J AMES E. Beprorp. : : York Mid w. . oS 
Evidences | 


hii Actin ance Loewy jake ot Ee — 
| io Yorks. BS 


oe bs biter 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALZONTOLOGY, 1892. 267 


JaMges E. Beprorp. York N.W. 
Evidences of Glacial Action in the Leeds District [noting the occurrence 
of numerous limestone boulders - Guiseley and Menstone, and describing, 
with section, some good exposures in the Meanwood ey ; conclusions are 
dra as to the directions of icra ane Tr. Leeds G. 
with iat 
H. ARNOLD BEMROSE. Der 
otes on the Geology of Derbyshire [a paper read before elie. Dhecte 
Archeological and Natural History Society, giving a summary of Fnduiedee 
Cab the po with suggestions for work to be done]. Separately printed, 
erby, 1891. 
JAMES Heid AND Ropert Kipsron. 

e Occurrence of Spores in = Carbonifer Dogeoneg of 
Scotland [with a discussion of those from Halifax depesibed by W. C. 
Williamson]. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. 9, part r., 1885-6 (publ. 

p- 35-86. 
HERBERT Botton. Lanc. S. 
he Finding of Marine Shells in the Boulder Clay of Bacup [at 
Meadow’s Hill Py Mensa ‘of shells of Cardiumi, aigitn ce dens and 
of test of an echinoid ; obtained by washing and sift ting]. Tr. Manch. 
-, Xxi., part 18, pp. 574-576, and dicasion, pp- Poe 57. 
T. G. Bonney. Cumberland. 
ote ~~ Specimens of Rock which have been exposed to Hig’ 
T ures [containing — — descriptions of the so-called quartz- 
felsite = Threlkeld quarri the product obtained by artificially 
Vitrifying the eoEkL Proc. oo ce lnk pp- ee -403. 
ys Bon NNEY, Derbyshire. 
Permian _—— 


from the of Leicestershire, collected by 
W. S. Gresley, Esq., F.G.S. V.—Rocks probably ery Carboniferous 
Age. ges ‘Mudstones, ete. Mid] Nat., March 1891, xv., 40-57, 
and plates 2 and 3. . : 
WILLIAM poociine ANK. 
the of the N.W. of England. 
Beds in the St. Bees Sandstone, at Hilton, Westmorland —. plant- 
remains in the sandstones | above the Magnesian estone having the 
— * the well-known ones below, and s srensieaion the argument for the 
age of the pe Mem. Pr. Meach. L.P.S., No. 1, pp. 66-76, 
mae -Iv. 
G4 BlRowNnipce}. York Mia w. 
Rocks [with an account of these crags carved from the Millstone 
Grit, as aaa by the Leeds Ge ological Association]. Yorks. oe Tot 
Aug. 27t ee 
¢ icine York N. 5. 
Excursion yburn Wyke (see Nat., Oct. 1891, pp. 29r- ask. = 
Leeds G.A., pp. 55-58. ws ae 
_ Horton-in- -Ribblesdale [see Nat., ‘ak pp. 183-185] Tr. 
Leeds G. A., pp. 67-70. 
CHARLES BROWNRIDGE. York N.W. 
ic. ’ Union at Horton-in-Ribblesdale [Geology]. 
Nat., June, pp. 135-135 


GW. Burman. pases Northumberland, York Mid W. | 
: "Drift C lin Sa istone [ contending for a - oS 
renee state de hes Spal oe 151- 154 

ina 1893. 


268 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALHZONTOLOGY, 1892. 


A. C. G. CAMERO York oe 
on) cn Continuity of the gay pesca prea over extended Areas nea 
etc. givi e particulars of the Kelaways 
oR < ‘cut by the Hull and Barnsley a at Drewton]. G.M., 
pp- 66-71. 


GEORGE W. CARD 
On the Flexibility of Rocks; with ages nage cong ro the Flexible 
Limestone of Durham [occurring at Marsden Seg reo 
a magnesian limestone with a ne Sie of ecibility|. Mee M., 


D. Durham. — 
On the Flexibility of Rocks oe to the limestones of Marsden and 
Sunderland]. G. M., Nov., 
{W. Lower CarTER, desea rk Mid W. 
ion to Hardcastle Crag [composed of Kinderscout Pb isolated by 
a land-slip : the ae phenomena of the district are also noted]. Tr. Leeds 
59 


» PP» 
cw. Lower CARTER, Secretary. ] York S.W. 
roa a Se rena ough [see Nat., Nov. 1891, pp. 335, 336]. Tr. Leeds 
pp- i. 
[W. Lower ras Secretary. ] York Mid W. 
Excursi Micklefield [to examine coal-mine and also quarries in the 
Magnesian eg Pree : the latter rock = 56°73 Po cent. of carbonate 
of lime and 40°07 per cent. of carbonate of magnesia]. Tr. Leeds G. A., — 
pp- 62, 
[W. Lower CarTER, Secretary. ] York N. 
Excursion to Rokeby ‘id the Greta [see Nat., July, pp. 214, ra 
Tr. Leeds G. A., pp. 70-72. 
SAMUEL CHapwicx ieee) York N.E., S.E. 
Yorkshire Boulder Committee and its Fourth Year’s Work. Nat., 
May, pp. 155-158. 


W. C[HEETHAM]. York Mid Ww. 
Excursion to the Yeadon and Guiseley Railway Cutting [giving the 
general agers vg of the exposures in the ten sections seen Tr. Leeds 
6. AS, 
THos. Pe York on Mee 


[Fossils found at Yeadon; Calamites, Fern Spores, Stigmaria, / 
brongniartt, Encrinites, and Belemnites (sic)]. N. TLL, a "May 15th, = Net Bs. 


E. Mau.e Coie. York S.E., N.E. — 


e Erosion of the Yorkshire Coast. Nat., April, pp. 103-107. 2 
{E. Mave Cote.] York S.E. i 
Excursion York Dale and Sledmere [see also Nat., Oct. "iets WO 
305-306]. Tr. sgt G. A., pp. - 59- oo 
GRENVILLE A, J. Col Westmorland. 2 
Note 


{a letter — os 


on Mr, Hui wtchiings! Paper on some Lake ; Rocks a 

referring to the Thornthwaite Che ok ck, considered to be an andesite}. ne 

+, Jan., pig 44: : oN 

GRENVILLE A. Jj. LE, ‘Isle of Man. 

On Occurrences ences of Riebeckite in Britain [including a pebble from the 
Isle of Man}. Mineral. Mag., March 1891, ix., 222- 6. 

Lane. § 


H. W. CrRosskKEy, secretary. ; York SE” N.E., Chest, Deter oo 
_ Nineteenth Report of the Committee, c consisting of ...(gnames]--- 
appointed for the purpose of recording . Erratic Blocks — 
many records of localities, dimensions, "and lithological character, wi 
_ emer ee source of the —— - ‘BA. 8 3891; P PP sea 4 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALZONTOLOGY, 1892. 269 
J. R. Dakyns, York _— 


The Geology of the pee ountry between Grassington 

_ detailed section — = the Yoredale t type is sa 
uth of Kettlewell ; in the e Main Limestone is ieeitly overlain by 

the ietiatane Grit, b eunuan. a ‘chery series intervenes ; t 

Little Limestone is area as a convenient base for the Millstone Grit in 

the country northward ; it is — that gan oo er occurs in the Millstone 

Grit above the Kinderscou Grit. becomes more pronounced to th 

north]. Pr. Yorks. G, P.S., pt. ii, god 33: ony 


JAMEs W. Davis. 


fad 
4 


York 
glish Lake Dwellings [with a short account of that t Ulrome and 
reference to another locality near Prenton }. Nat. Sch, March, i, Pp. 40-43. 
James W. Davis. York Mid W., Lanc., Northumb. 
eve Feseit Fish R ce lcagteng Surman ay—-iacasdhaarati 
Part I., Pleuracanthidze [describing and figuring species of Pveuracanthus, 
icles three new forms, P. howsez from Newsham near Newcastle, P. obtusus 
om Clifton, and P. serratus ace Newsham]. Sci. Trans. Roy. Dublin 

Soc., (2) vol. iv., pp. 703-748, pl. Ixv.-Ixxiii. 
R. M. Deexry. Derbyshire and Notts. 
Glacial Geology [claiming that the Glacial deposits of the Trent ae offer 


40 GCly 


C. M. » Dec., pp. 573) 574 


M. Demain. York S.W. 
Flora of the cag [near Clitheroe ; quoting an account of the 
Carboniferous Limestone of the ee and ng some of its fossils]. 
Science Gossip, July, rai 152, 153- 
C. E. DERAnce. Lanc. S., Cheshire. 
Notes on the Geology of the Manchester Canal [2 general. account of 
the ea Beyont! drift, sana - the roweg af erratics from the 
District and Criffel are Trans. and Proc. Chesterfield and Midl. 
Inst. Enoin.; vol. xviii., mt ners seq. ; ot 
C. E. DERANcE. Lincolnshire. 
On the U: Waters of Lincolnshire Igiving particulars, with 


measurements, of numerous shafts, borings, and other sections, and of the 
capabilities of the several formations as sources of carpe supply]. Pr. Yorks. 

_ &. BS., pt L, pp. 29-51. 
Cc. Zo k. DeRance. ‘York Mid W., Linc. S., erage Lanc. S., and Chesh.. 
Re . « [20 names], 
pes appounea for he a of “investigating the Circulation of 
Underground ce : Sars ent particulars of borings near 


_ Note on Sci nai ee var. Brodieana) ‘Nex 
_ Red Sandstone [of S quarry, Edge, at much lower 
horiz zon than any other English examples of the ab Rep. B. A., p- 644. 

[C E.] DeRance. Lanc. S., Cheshire. 
The Glacial Drift {citing evidence in favour of the land-ice sas 

Tr. Manch. G.S., xxii., pt. ii., pp. 49-52. 


bane Ss. 
Neighboushood of ee ist Rep. 
ci ior 185051. ae i : 


270 BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALAONTOLOGY, 1892. 


Miss JANE DONALD.. York re ae Cheviotland. 
Notes on some New and Little-known S f Carboni 

Murchisonia oe _— M. tatet.n. sp. from owas M. guadricarinata 

ie = Settle, mula var. convexa from Askrigg and Widdale Fell, 

d M. ipium from Bolland]. Q.J.G.S., Nov., pp. 562-574, and 

x¥L x : 
JoserH nea York S.W. 
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Penistone dnd Dunford Bridge 


[Geology]. Nat., Sep., pp. 258, 259. 

J. J. Frrzparrick. peti: 

Further Deep Dale Bone Cave, near Buxton [recording 

various remains from the midden at ‘he en entrance and from beneath the floor 

of the cave itself, the latter including a human jawbone]. Pr. Liv. G.S., 
-452. 


E. J. GARwoop Durham. 

Concretions in Mi Limestone [a brief letter answering Mr. Jukes- 
Browne]. G. M., Jan., p. 44. 

E. J. GARwoop. Westmorland, Northumb., Durham. 

Cone-; tructure [in the pencil-slates of Swindale near ras the 


Cone S 
Carboniferous shales of Northumberland, and the coal of Durham]. G. M 
uly, pp. 3 
J. G. GoopcHiLp. York N.W. 
Notes on the Glacial ice: of Upper Ribblesdale. Nat., Aug., 


J. G. Goopcnitp, Westm orland, York N.W. 
Notes on the Coniston Limestone Series [criticising Mr. Marr’s pepe on 
this subject. For the Cross Fell psa! = Preron! aed the follo 
ownward succession :—Coniston Limes’ feet, Dufton 
Yarlside rhyolitic take 1,100, break in sabeuine 2m (nt great), Hilton se 
"S f Marr 


author considers fog e — Limestone to pass down into the Ingletoe 
Green Slates]. M., July, pp. 295-299. 
J. G. Goopenrp. Westmorland, York N.W. — 
The Conist imestone Series [in reply to Mr. ‘Marr ; maintaining tl 


Nicholson .% a 
of the Borrowdales) 6,500+, Skiddaw Slates pateatab In the Craven area the 


ps Hilton Moor volcanic rocks are a distinct grou p below the Coniston ao 


mestone voleanics, and that 7rematis corona occurs on at least two distinct — 
horizons in the Cross Fell area; also that the Onnticen tals of Comes ven are 
the — of those of Filton Moor and Dufton]. G. M., Nov, oe 
PP- 527. 


BG. GoopcHILD. — _ Cumberland and Westmorland. . 
fois on the Ne DAA ce - 
with especial | reference to classification io feaiplacting the —_— ‘of the hele 
series and the great unconformity beneath it ; if a division Permian and — 
Trias be ora the lin a be drawn just above pare ‘Limestone } 
t included in the ener capinane Rages 
a lei of ep rst gg ein Cumb. West ., No. xvii. plates 1., 0+ 
j.G. —— Combe and Westmor le 
The ‘St. Bees 5 Sandston © and i Associated Rocks [abstract of feces a 


ii Genmeas: 
Notes on 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 271 


Leo H. Grinpon. Lanc. W., Cheshire, a 
Lancashire e [;] Brief Historical and Descriptive cheat. 

Sathe cloth, xii. + 355 pages and gee ae illustrations: brief wegen to 

logy at p. 17; to rock-salt a leetwooc o in Cheshire and at Port 

Clar arence, - pe 231: Ms Pray ag Reade’s views as to the enticenty of the 

sandhills, at p. 232 t pp. 350-35 the fossils’ are treated of, the 


Se 
various fossiliferous ‘ocaliies mentioned, although the fossils themselves are 
— of only in general terms, save /Platycrinus triacontadactylos at 
litheroe]. 


th 
ALFRED HARKER York S.E, 
Forest. -bed at Hull, Nat., Jan., ps 22. 
ALFRED HARKER. Westmd., Durham, etc. 
Some North Country Quartzites. Nat., Mar., pp. 73-75- 
ALFRED HARKER. Westmorland, York Mid W., N.W. 


Lamprophyres of the North of England [with some account of their 
petrological characters, their relation to the Shap granite, and speculations on 
the origin of the rocks; also a special note on the dykes at Cronkley in 
Teesdale]. G. M., May, Pp. 199-206. 

ALFRED HARKER. Westmorland, Cumberland, York N.W., Durham. 

On Porphyritic c Quartz in Basic ocks [suggesting a theory of 

its origin, with special reference to the quartz-grains in the lamprophyre 
dykes of at North of England]. G. M., Nov., pp. 485-488. 


ALFRED HARKER. Westmorland. 
New Plant-Beds at Hilton. WNat., June, p. 170. 
ALFRED HARKER. ork S.E,. 
The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union a’ t Withernsea [Geo logy]. cea aren, 
Ppp- 298, 299. See also ‘Yorkshire Post ’ and ‘ Leeds Mercury,’ for Aug. 
G. HENsLow. Jae SE. 


odules [with a very brief reference to the r 
called the Black-rock, near Flamborough Head, in yr Gault (S romney Cayyl 
Medit. Nae Sept. ny Soagge p- 238. 
Tuomas Hick. York Ww. 
state of our knowledge of the Yorkshire 
la résumé of modern research and opinion concerning those plants]. Pr. 
orks. G. P. S., pt. i, pp. 1-8. 


diosa Hosson. Isle of Man. 
the Igneous Rocks o the Island, and Sections 
shromeb Scarlet Point, with me team, eiogepy for 1891}. Yn Lioar 
anninagh vol. i. i., PP- 337-34 
B. J. erainacnceiiine . York N. 
Holiday Finds [at WI by; Bele ites hastata (sic)}. NH. Jet igi, 1898 
ie TOS, 
Benj. Honcare. ie enone Mid W. 
The Mode of Deposition and Properties of the C ee - 
Leeds and its immediate suburbs — — followed iow 
showing the succession and ‘thickness o oe their a aicererg eae of 
formation, their properties and uses, Prue . Yorks. G. P.S., a Se 
p- 9-21. aS 
BENj. Houeare. 
The Yorkshire rkshire Naturalists! Union at Rokeby [Geology]. ps ore 
PP. 214-215. 
oe cers York N.E. 


Glacial Deposits ix in the Teesdale District described]. ‘Tr. Leeds G.A., 
pp. 23-25. 
: — eat : 


ye BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALZONTOLOGY, 1892. 


B. Giotiarst York N.W. 
cursion to Grassington [see Nat., Sept. 1891, pp. 266-268]. Tr. Leeds 
G.A +> PP- 53-55- 


[Str] Henry H. Howorru. York S.E., N.E., N.W. 
Did the Mammoth live before, during, or after the deposition of the 
Drift 2 if for the sirens age of hee Mammoth in Britain: evidence 


is drawn from ~ Hou gravels, the Kirkdale and Victoria caves, etc. ]. 
G. M., June, pp. 
Str Henry H. Howorru. Line. S. 
The Mammoth and the Glacial Drift. A reply to Mr. A. J. bigest 
with especial reference to the mammoth remains at Burgh]. G. M., Nov., 
PP- 502-505. 


Witrrip H. HupDLEsTon. York N.E., Lincolnshire. 
A Monograph of the British Jurassic Gasteropoda: Part i., No. 5, 
Gasteropoda of the Inferior Oolite, pp. 225-272, pl. xvii.-x x. [describing 


many species and varieties, some new ru saps nging to the families 7 urritellida, 
Pseudomelanide, Naticide, and Ass y from the Lin aa lime- 
stone of Ponton and Weldon, the ostanad fT Blue Wyke, and the Scarborough 
Limestone of Cloughton]. Pubcoatopraphical Soc., vol. for 1891. 


Witrrip H. siege Lincoln, York N.E. 
A be 


f the pee Jurassic Gasteropoda; » Ne 
xxvi. [describing Amd —— cf. meriani and Littorina 
Pisa ee Weldon a Ponton, A. cygnea, sp. nov., and L. polytimeta, 

Lincoln; A. biserta from Ne Wyke; A. cf. meriant a 
= - phillips from Cloughton Wyke ; Z. weldonis, sp. nov. and Z. edilis (?) 
m the Lincolnshire Resenteite, Palzeon' ntographical Soc., vol. xlvi. 

W. HUDLESTON and EpwarD WILSON. York N.E., repre 

urassic opoda [giving geological ho 
locality, and 5 ibliceraphical references for more than a thousand ajeciex, 
uding many from East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire]. 8vo., pp. xxxiil. + 

147, London. 

Ww. cena Hurcuines. Cumberland, Westmorland. 


Ash-Slates and other Rocks of the Lake 
describing the microscopic structure and constitution of Si rocks, and 
especially the occurrence of minute sericite, garnet, , and the 
formation of secondary felspars, in part orthocl ase]. G. M. rer and May, 
Ppp: es 218-228. 


OsMUND W. JEFFs (Secretaiy}. I. of Man, gto York. : 
oe 


oe Coe e of .”. i [sgnemell = 
the collecti tematic 1 of 


. 


© arrange for preservation, = 
Photographs of Geological Interest in the United ae [with second ia 


of phot ]. Rep. B.A. for 1891, pp. 321-333. . 
E. ay err York Mid W. 
i of the Etbolton Cave {see 1801 list], Pr. Yorks. G.P.S., pt. i 


“pp. 105-107. 
| Durham and ‘North of England.’ 
1. RUPERT Jones and James W. KIRKBY. 


N England n rocks a 
ih cepa a ae Ann. & Mag. ‘Nat. Hist. 
wee: y z a 

| Narwralst 


ots. Api 180, bp 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1892. 273 


Cumberland, Westmorland, Furness. 
T. Rupert Jones and HENRY gbacheesar 
A Monograph of the British Palzozoi yllopoda: Part II, pp. 73- 
pl. xiii.-xvi. ive cribing palpate sap nat and Peltocaris anatina 
Long Sleddale, Ca — marrit from Keswick, Aptychopsis peste sie 
(sp. ke rama Rebe ca Hill, ee A. lapwort thi, Peltocaris patula 
(sp. nov.), Descin cate brow 2D. gigas ope ear: and 
A. Se from Troutbeck} roecltbpalties Oc, xlvi. 
A. J. cst inc. hae 
moth and the Glacial Drift [combating Sir H. Howorth’s assertio 
het the mammoth fauna is never caaevi by Glacial Drift, and referring a 
the section near vee G.M., Oct., pp. 477-4 
Percy F. Kenp. 


= 


Lanc. 
sha teciua of Drift at Levenshulme, Manchester [the agreemen 
tween the directions of transport of boulders, i ees of Romertoy. 

ches o 


orientation of large esegesdy Ug nd scrat rock-surfaces point to t 
action of domton Rep. B. oe 1891, pp. 6s, St. 
P. F. KENDALL. Isle of Man. 
the Soiree of some Remarkable Boulders in the Isle of Man [see 
full Review in Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 9, Apl.-Oct. 1891, pp. 300-1]. 
P. F. KENDALL. of Man. 
Im a Granite 


portant Discovery with respect to Manks Boulders, be 
containing d/ue paneer traceable from Ailsa Craig, etc. ]. of Isle nd 
Man Nat. Hist. & Ant. Soc., Feb. 10, 1891; Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 
6. 


York S.E. 
Note on the Mode of Preservation of the Bones [of Fallow Deer from 
Goole Moor ; appendix to Mr. Waite’s consi Nat., June, pp. 169, 170. 
Percy F. KENDALL. Northern Counties. 
supposed Glacial Submergence [presenting the evidence against a 
considerable submergence in Glacial ire Tr. Leeds G. A., pp. 43-47. ae 
Percy F. KENDALL.  hapoee S. and Cheshire. 
Glacial 


Eee, 

the rs ceptions ; he also ods tag that the evidence of the shell- 

fragme a the pie is wholly opposed to the submergence hypothesis]. 

G. M., ‘Nor. Ady -500. 

PERCY, F. K Northern C. 

go Glaciers i the British Isles; describing the glacial henna of 
these islands, and especially of the North of England, as bearing out the 

land-ice rremncalig The author atte an account of the several local centres of 

conditions he glaci 


laciation and then of the ers became 
erie os mes Pei a9 was blocked with ice and the Norwegian 
coast. He no evidence of submergence]. 

pp. sles of G. = » Weight’ s book (vid. sub.) with wi bases and map, — 
- H. KENNY. York S.E. 


of Coast of Yorkshire. ‘Disteites ie Sans 1889, from 

° inland to the const [given in tabular —_ Nat., April 1892, p. 105. 

steties gegen Lanc. S. 

some Fossil Plants from the Lancashire Coal Measures 

aa pimingies of several collections and a complete list up to date]. Tr. 

anch. G, S. Ss.) xxi. i. part xii. pp. 401-423, and discussion pp. 423-428. _ 

R Kinsros N. ‘York Mid W. 

= the Gen coe greene Hemingwayi, Kidston) 

in oal-measures inthe Pereiiey segs Ann. Mag. Nat. 
ne. "eh ‘vol. ix, E _ 

: Seon 35 1893 


Ss % 


274. BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 


R. Kipston. York eee he 
On the Fructification of Sphenophyllum trichomatos' tur, fro 
ee cnege® a Field [from Cooper’s Pit, Wasaboaduph « Dale, Bebinat = 
Pr. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 90k xi., part I, pp. 56-62, and plate 
G. W. Hie ohee Yor k S.E. 
The Flamborough Drainage Sections [showing how they cool the 
rapid westerly attenuation of the drift, the extension of the Basement Clay 
over part of Flamborough Head, the bes ies of the Basement Clay ee the 
Intermediate Stratified Series, and t se connection between this latter 
and the is pper Boulder Clay]. Pr. Yorks, G. P. S., part 1, pp. 145-148, pl. v 


o .E. 
[Large Mills ee Glacier Boulder (4 ft. x 2}x14) found at Clifton, 
York]. H, J., June 15th, 1892, p. 76. 


Labiange ae” crores of the Town and District of Nottingham [with 

re i of the Coal Measures, etc., and geological map]. Trans. and Proc. 

Chesterfield ote Midl. Inst. Engin., vol. xviii. p. 58 et seq., pl. ix. x.; 1891. 
Lanc, 


Report on the Glacial Deposits between Dingle Point, Liverpool, and 
Hale Head Snape gag the sections along the coast, and indicating the 
sources of many of the boulders Sie on the shore : particulars are given 0 
136 large houkders): Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 396-406. 

J. Lomas. Lanc. S. 

On some Potholes on the Shore near Dingle Point [pointing out their 
variety of form—circular, oval, annular, or slipper-shaped, the we robably 
due to the union of two ig be holes]. Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 4 se. 

JosErH Lomas. 

On 


some ts exposed in a Quarry near Thingwall Mill [in the 

Lower doves ee sandstones : details of 17 Jontlts as are given and a plan of the 
quarry]. Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 441-446, with folding plate. 

J. Lomas. Cheshire. 


On a Fault without a Throw [describing a remarkable fault near Caldy — 


Grange Grammar School, West Kirby]. G. M., April, pp. 191-192. 
J. Lomas. Lanc. S. and Cheshire. 
of Sand Grains [objecting to Mr. Reade’s conclusions drawn from 
the rounded sand- -grains of the drift, compared with those of the Mersey 
district rete have probably been derived from the New Red Sandstone} 
G. M., 527. 


ue Lovet. York S.E. 


Langtoft near Driffield on the evening 


East Yorkshire [at 
of July 3rd). Nature, July 4th, vol. xlvi. p. 246. [For description see Hull ie 
Gtht oS 


and Leeds newspapers of July 5th and 


J. Lovet. York S.E. - 
The (described with map and two 


Pick wick a at Round Hill, Langtoft 
views]. Nat. Hist. Journ., Oct., ‘PP. 104-107 


HL A. MacPHERSON. Lake District. : 
A Vertebrate Fauna of Lakeland Hoctoting the cave-deposits 2 and ong 


Pleistocene remains) Edinburgh, 
com MARLEY. - 


Cleveland and South Durham Salt 1 r hort ¢ ogical 
sketch followed by oe of oe Veae N. En . inst. Min. 


oo tek Craven veo Herald, 2 ines 


to the C te Nebaniiatn toe d's Ty Mountains’ 
"pointing o the Tight thrown by potting on the ampere S 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 275 


J. E. Marr Lake District, 
Life-Zones in Lower Palzozoic Rocks [illustrated by the distribution of 
graptolites in the ranks of the Lake District]. Nat. Sci., April, vol. i, 

p- 124-131. 


J. E. Marr. Westm — Furness, York ig che 
The Coniston Li mindy sar Series [tracing the following divisions :—Rom 
Fell Group (Corona beds, 100 ft.); Sleddale ier (Stile E Boe 50 ft. 


Yarlside Rhyolites, ‘Consoie erate, 10 ft., Applethwaite beds, ft.) ; Ash- 
gill eon Sash cephalus Limestone, 5 ft. , Ashgill Shales, 50 fi): ): fossil lists 

are given for these three oo which have quite distinct faunas]. G. M., 

a Pp. 97-110, pl. 
J. E. Marr. Westmorland, York N.W. 
Paster Remarks on the Coniston Limestone [in reply to Mr. Goodchild ; 
upholding the author’s division i the group into palzontological zones], 
M., P- 443-447. 

J. E. Marr. Lake District and York N.W. 
the Wenlock and Ludlow Strata of the Lake District [The Wenlock 
is Gm Te x by the Brathay Flags, the lower part of the ‘ Coniston Flags’ 


by the oh oor Fl ossil lists are given, and special attention 
irected to the graptolites ‘which Sasatteciee particular zones]. G. M., 
334 541 


Derbyshire. 
Handbook to the Geology of Derbyshire, 2nd ed. [giving a neral 


fossil lists, vertical sections of the C sures d other 3 
material of the ter e-beds i dt de 
ridge to the south; the drift is treated according to Mr. Deeley’s views; the 
Tess’ d with a of 23 mam 
many]. 12mo., 89 pp., with map and 5 > dae London 
W. D. M[ercatr}. York Mid W. 
Excursion to Oulton [to inspect a recent boring near the x. leptey a 
the geology of the district briefly described], Tr. Leeds G. A., 5 
L. C. MIA. York Mid = si S.W. 
Airedale ; 
[described in popular Pen wih ‘chapter heatled* The Eousdoie of York- 
shire,’ ‘Geology of kipton, try between Pou rove 


hipley, ow e ¢ 
to the North of Leeds,’ cad Pe Ratiace Quadrupeds of Airedale > Hand- 
oe gy gage ropa and Airedale. ee ee = 
oe uppndant ait a8 1-42. : 
o YEH, Mites. — 
Notes on on Supposed ‘ Footprints’ found at ok Restores Gh the Keuper ; their 
peculiarities pointed out}. — Liverp. Geol. Assoc., vol xii. oe Bas 
OG, H. Morton, Cheshire. 


Su SESE of the Glacial Drift, a pun ane cause of 
: Submerged Beat and Forest- ode [combating Mr. Shone’ s applica cation of this. 
e case of Ince}. G. M., Sep., 7. 430-432. 
Pheer A pies 

_ Geology o: 


ae MeLLARD READE. 


276 BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALAZONTOLOGY, 1892. 


R. NassE. Durham, Northumberland. 
Economic and Comparative Notices on the Coal Working in D 
and Northumberland [a general account of the Durham coal-field, noting 
succession of strata, ol none "gprs of coal, etc.]. eits. Berg. 
189I. 


Hiitten u. Sal. Wesen. in Preuss., vol. xxxix. p. 282 et seq. ; 

A. G. NaTHORST. York S.E. 

_ Fresh Evidence concerning the Distribution of Arctic Plants during the 

Glacial Epoch [with ee = the finding of leaves of Betu/a nana in peat- 
moss at Bri EO and . at Holmpton ; woodcut map given]. 
Nature, Jan. 21st, 1892, eae Phas 275. 

W. Hunt PAINTER Derbyshire. 

Derbyshire Fossils. Nat., Jan., p. 22. 
A. Paviow and G. Pi LAMPLUGH. York S.E., Lincoln N- 


et leurs grag [Part 1, by Mr. Lamplugh, gives a 
full account of men Speeton Clay, its exact succession, detailed measurements, 
and the characteristic fossils of the soviaee) marked horizons ; also a col ison 

it i i Part Prof. 


with t ire series. rt 2, by Pavlow, gi p 

descrip! of the belemnites and gape of S sp nd compares them 
with the corres orms i other countries. Is 
devoted to correlation of the — itis | ie ralbe neg succession} Bull. Soc. 
Imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou for 1891, Nos. 2, 3, 4, pp- 181-213, 


455-5703 pl iv-vili. xili-xvili. Abate. in G.M., Sep., p P- 422-426, and Nature, 
July 14, p- 257. : 
S. S. Pearr Lanc. S. 
) of the Recent Results of the Investigations into Local Erratic 
Blocks. Trans. Rochdale Lit. Sci. Soc., vol. iit. with Boone 
J. POSTLETHWAITE. 
ae ares Ashes and Breccias of the Volcanic Series of Borrowdale 
{with some general account of the series, but in siabtticilag “deccrbing the 
distribution of slaty cleavage ; also a ot by Prof. Bonney on the microscopic _ 
of som Pega tore: . ve e figured]. Trans. Cumb. Westm. 
iy NOG XV, 54, plate and map. 
J: PosTLETHWAITE. Cc 
The of White Hause and Great Cockup [two small 
ne gn sp ee of —— rock like that of Little aon} Q. J. G. S., Nov., 
PP “513> 


jk. rae 
‘Boulder Cla: the North End of Liverpool [noting eal 
certain bould a ic ae nite supposed to be from Antrim, 
m Bootle Docks, a tooth of Acrodus in the Ider-clay at Moor Hey, 
with shell-fragments peor? of wilhelmite, hemimorphite, haematite, etc.» 
a limestone k another wi 1 


Liverp. Geol. Ass., ae x. sy 52-58; 1 


fat Crosby]. Nat. » May, p. 149. oe8 
: ue MELLARD READE. Lancashire and 

“Glacial Geology : Old and er [dealing especially with the basin of the fe 

_ Irish Sea ; eon the glacial accumulations there, and arguing in oe 

of the submergence —— land-ice ? me C. M., July, pp- 310-320 ae 

Cheshire, Lanc. S. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 277 


ay eee READE. Lancashire S. 
Shapes of Sand Grains [referring to those in the dunes between Crosby and 
pert ae G. M., Oct., pp. 478, 479. 
a MELLARD READ Cum 
in Dail tesa in a section on the shore near St. Bees, south of Nether- 
town Station], G. M., Nov., pp. 490, 491. 
F.R. Cooper REED. as Mid hie 
Woodwardian Museum Notes [describing an abnormally fi in 
er gah ey pileatus mh ), from the Carboniferous “pan tiny: of ent 
549. 


ot Rivers: Durham. 
‘Concretions’ in Magnesian Limestone [suggesting that’ these - have 
hy ergy from actual cavities formerly distended by gases]. G.M., Jan., 

<. Wis. " " Yors NW. 
Report of the Field Meeting [of the oy ed.“ Geological Society] at 
Settle, May 1891 [noticing — coal in the Carboniferous Limestone at 
Beecroft near Horton, the Coniston ang at Brackenbottom and Norber, 

and the perched blocks on Roches Be w]. Pr. Liv. G. S., pp. 453-455. 
R. W. B. Roperts. York S.E., N.E. 


The Cliff Sections of the Yorkshire Coast [describing generally the strat rata 
bi angie from ear tae to Whitby]. Journ. Liverp. Geol. Ass., vol. xi. 
P- 59 et seq., 
THOMAS patton ork N.E., S.E., Lincolnshire. 
The Jurassic Rocks of the OT mie: Cambridge . 
{including their correlation with the corresponding strata in the northern 
counties]. 8vo, pp. vii.+96 [77-80]; Cambridge. 
{G. E.] ROGER RS. Isle of Man. 
[A curious formation from Cronk Sumark, Sulby]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, 
April eral . 308. 
. oie [translated from]. Cumberland. 
Note on the Metamorphosed Skiddaw Slates. Nat., April, pp. 119, 120. 
G. Seas and E. T. NEWTON. Cumberland. 
On a new Form of Agelacrinites (Lepidodiscus Milleri, n. sp.) from m the 
Lower Carboniferous Limestone of oben OG Ss he baring on the 
river Irt character of species descri a Pp- 150-152, 
plate ti. wap ice in Ann. and Mag. N. H., Feb. 1892, p. : 
_ James Leszie SHAW. la eeR and Furness. 
The of Cumberland [ describing the mode of occurrence ee 
these ich deposits, which occu i the Carboniferous lage se -and the older — 
rocks, and specu. on their derivation: a in Sin en and a section of 
Gilfoot Park Mines]. ee aed We my neg 
vol. a Pt iv. Nee Pe -* 219, pl. xx : 
W. Song. — * shire 
The Subterranean Erosion of the Glacial Drift, a probable cause cause of 
submerged and Forest- Be (ieaeated se a section at —— Chester} 
OLS. Fe. p Agee : 
THEODORE SINGTON, ; ce 
oo Notes on the Geology of the Isle of Man. Rep and Po. Mase Sci. 
‘Stud. Ass. for 1888 (publ. March 1889), pp- vedic a 
ot eee SINGTON. 


Limestone of — hire 
. __Manch. Sei. Stud. Ass. for pomianes “March 1 1889), | 


oe gin: a Handbook for Leeds —y ae Prepared for the use of the - 


278 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY, 1892. 


F. SIssons. Notts, Derbyshire. 
— —— {and is bone-caves, with remains of pleistocene mam 
als]. s’ ‘ Beauties of Sherw: gp — st’: a Guide to the ‘ Dukeries 
aad eaioon, a ed., 1388, pp- 107-1 
WARINGTON W. SMy Isle of Man. 
eo of [51] M as ound in the Isle of Man. Trans. Isle of Man 
N.H.LS., vol. i. pero (publ. 1888), p. 143-7. 

H. SPEIGHT. York Mid W. 
The orth-West Yorkshire Highlands {with numerous notes 


on physics features and geology of the district]. 8vo, pp. 4 ss jor: < 
J. W. STaTHER, 
he Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at Coxwold and Byland ena 
Nat., Dec., pp. 353, 354- oo 
Mark STIRRUP. Lanc. Ss. 
Discovery of a large Boulder at Ardwick [a striated ee > ft. 5m, 
long, probatly a dinbase], Tr. Manch. G. S., xxii. pt. ii. pp. 53-55- 


M. Tarr. Yo ae N.E., S.E., S.W., Mid iW and N.W. 
Yorkshire Scenes, Lore, and Contour 
rahe of River amet Geologic Map, large ildive Map age the whole 
County [etc.] y F..D. King frit Os a shoe slight geological 
references througho oe or as: Book, Prin and Publisher, 3, 


Briggate. bi = {cloth, 100 pages tt Hy pert dg maps and numerous 
views of scenery]. 


THomas TATE eet York N.E., S.E. 
e Yor! Boulder Committee and its Fifth Year’s ak: Nat., 
tes 0 pp- 159-165. oS 
Tuomas TATE. Lake District. . 
Lake Country Rocks, Nat., Aug., pp. 237-240. So 
THos. TATE. Lake District. 
How to Recognise Lake Country Rocks ee only, enumerating the 
more important types]. Tr. Leeds G. A., pp. 
THOMAS a : Z 
Barings is Sait and Coal in 


1, the Salt-rock also absent ; : the Magnesian : 
Limestone poly a0 & thick, and apparently resting directly on Vie S 
strata]. Q. J.G.S., pete pp- 488-495. 
Bs E. Taxtor {not si 
-bands 


Derbyshire. 

‘ossil Shells : : We have frequently mest near Castleton, 

. ‘Derbyshire, specimens of Terebratula hastata etaining th a aS colour- 

bands}. Sci. Goss., Jan. 1892, p. 19. - 

re H ss oe aoe York Mid w. &S.W. 

in the Upper Aire Valley, and their Physieal Hi 

_ British Association Sensi. 1890, pp. cs eee ne 

R. H. TIDDEMAN. : a ork Mid w. Ss 

: to the Craven Naturalists, t reating of f the conditions - a 
"of the Co Sietvick in Carboniferous times, and espec cating of escribing the 

_ Speaker’s mot the ‘ro the part played rs sacar ferads Jan 29th ‘one 


ountain grew ae 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : GEOLOGY AND PALHONTOLOGY, 1892. 279 


[JAMES re Lanc. S. 

[Exhibition of specimens of ‘Peacock Coal,’ and note on its occurrence 

at Plodder Mine near Hulton], Tr. Manch. G. S., xxi. part xiii. pp. 321; 362. 

R. H. Traquair York S.W. and N.W., D hire. 

Further No tes on Carboniferous Selachii [partly based ~ hr eaeer oc 
Derbyshire material, and criticising Davis’s work]. 

1888; Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinb., vol. 9, part 3, 1887-1888 (publ 1888), 


pp. 42I- 
J. STANLEY Tore. York Mid W. 
A Permian lomerate —_— Markington [consisting of worn pebbles 
of Carboniferous Limeston and angular fragments of Magnesian Limestone 
ina limestone mat eo section (70 feet exposed) is given]. Pr. Yorks. 
G.P.S., pt. i. pp. 72, 73. 
Epcar R. WaIrTE. York S.E, 
emains of Fallow Deer from Goole Moor. Nat., June, pp. 167-169. 
JOHN FrRANcIs ee 
nm Yorkshire Thecidea [recording the 7. ormatum of Moore as plentiful i in 
the Coral Rag of Aye near Scarborough]. G. M., Dec., 
GEORGE WILD. Lanc. S. 
On the Lower Coal Measures of Lancashire : Organic Remains, Sections 
of Seams, and probable Mode of Formation [with numerous local details, 
including” scan at Townhouse Colliery, general section of the Lower Coal 
Measures, and catalogue of fossils]. Tr. Manch. G. S., xxi. pt. xiii. 
. 364-400, with sections and plates i.-iii. [fossils]. 


G. Witp, [M.] Strrrup, and [R.] CLay. ire S. 
Globular Concretions from Measures of Lancashire [at Ashton- 
under-Lyne, Diggle, and Dukinfield). Tr. Masth: G. oe xxii. fh ii. ag 66-61. 
W. C. WILLIAMSON. W., a E. 
[Slab of Carboniferous Limestone from Bolland, inert 
a ag mg ooze into me ire esi and | 
Pic 2 3. G ' Tee, 
pp- ern 185. Nature, May iol ge p. 79. 
WA. Wittransox. Lanc. S., York S.W. 
On the Fossil Plants of the Soe ome 
~ xviii. [describing Bewmanites dawsoni from Footmine, ar Oldham, 


and Cinder Hills, near Halifax; and Rachi jopteris ramosa hoa tthe ¢ ard 
Bed,’ Halifax]. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., vol. 182 B, pp. 255-265, plates 
XXV,-XXVii. a 
We, Chawecen Waaunaon es Lanc. S. 
_ The Genus Sphenophyllum (discussed). cages Nov. se ioe, PP. i 
W.C. WILLIAMSON. Ss. 
[The Boulder found in Csford Bond, Matec. eee 
_ Rep. and Proc. Manch. Sci. Stud. Ass. for 1888 (publ. March ) 
& FREDERICK WricuT. 


pnergeace ia Ragland [rejected . 
endorses the theory me the masses — shells oon Macclesfield, 
_ a local recession of he ice-front i in the so-called interglacial period]. Amer, 
Journ. Sci., Jan. (3). coy xliii. pp. I : : 


G, FREDERICK WRIGHT. _ Northern Coantion, 
| and ial Period {for jection dealing specially with the British 
Isles see entry under Kendall ; there are many other references to the British 
Glacial phenomena, and the evidence of the Cresswell and Victoria dela is 
ae man}. ee maps 

> ———— 


NOTE—BOTANY. 
Convallaria majalis in Cumberland : ection bay AE Oe ee 
‘Plants of S.W. Cumberland,’ at p. 141 of this plains ies read ‘at Stanley 
Gill’ instead of ‘at Stock Gill. )_LISTER PETTY, Ulverston, May 19th, 1893. 


NM OTE—M ie US CA. 
th: inst., while 


bilberries and cranberries. —W. DENISON ROEBUCK, Leeds, Aug. 26th, 1893. 


. 


NV sebuah ial OLOGY. 


meena killed by the frost.— the eather 
between Dec. roth, 1892, and Jan. 1oth 8954 the only bi birds found ‘killed ie the 
frost in the groun nds here were two Red s (Turdus us L.) apparently 

th es. One ae dead o: nite 6th “e ec the nies mgt ying ; I failed a 
resuscitate it, and it n the evening of the same day. I know what V 
says about their susceptibility to cold (Selborne Letter, Aug. Ist, panak ~~ even 
eg it iat arnie Late in December a couple of these birds were seen 

ough ravens abot us, whether a pair or the same two of cou ree ts cannot 

poet ares Petry, Ulverston, N. Lancs., May roth, 1893. 


Aaa Meo aicaacegaes 


ter Shrew at Louth, L 
pp hel fodiens), i in Monks aie Eos a. On the Fos a It ipa as if to 


ured a Water Shrew 


the manner born, and not after the mode of the Common hrew. was of 


opinion that it was wa. roiig es men call the ‘blind mouse,’ and the specimen 
on being submitted to competent authority was pronounced to be the Water Sheers — 


ered fens 
Lincolnshire ; burrows in the banks near water; = called by the fen men | 
blind mouse. A. R. Yeomax, Louth, 24th July, 1893. 


NOTE—COLEOPTERA. ao 
i at L Hull, and Newton-le-Willows.—I have this 
ccaomtil of ae ae beetle. found in 
nedlgetinie Send Me, SEL take, The cp pregeens 
t to r. ri. Mi " secon saw 
instrumentali fm friend Mr. Wm. Howard, of MCCorquodale & Co. 
eg : gags s wha we poling on Legere oie ote 
on the 9th August, by bricksetters, rho were point inting an old wall, in the wagon- 
nro petlg Paw Ry. Co. at Earlestown, Lancashire. ri ter 


281 


GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF 
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 

Nottingham Meeting, 1893. | [Woodcut, arms] | A Contribution | to the | 

Geology and Natural History | of Nottinghamshire. | Edited by | 

J. W. Carr, M.A., F.G.S., | [three lines of titles]. | — | ng Two Shillings 

Net. | — | a | James Bell, Carlton Street. | 189 

In this opportunely published book, which is or in paper 
boards and extends to about a hundred pages, we have an excellent 
summary, with lists, of the geology and natural history of Nottingham- 
shire, and no more useful handbook could have been prepared for 
such members of the Association as are sufficiently curious as to | 
wish to learn what they can of the county which they are visiting. 
In the preparation of this book Mr. Carr has been ably assisted by 
other workers. He is himself responsible for the geological chapter, 
with the assistance of Mr. James Shipman, F.G.S., and the Rev. 
J. Magens Mello, M.A., F.G.S., the latter of whom supplies the 
account of the Cresswell Bone-Caves and the remains they have 
yielded. Mr. Carr is also the writer of such faunal lists as he 
has not placed in the hands of specialists. His list of mammalia 
includes about 30 species, of one of which (Rhinolophus ferrum- 
equinum) we confess we should like to have confirmatory evidence. 
Full particulars are given of the various species of mammals, as well 
as of the reptiles, amphibians and fishes. Mr. F. B. Whitlock has 
furnished the admirable list of birds, for each of which its faunistic 
position and relative commonness or rarity are stated. In ento- 
mology the only order treated of is Lepidoptera, of which the 
species are enumerated, with a few references and items of informa- 
tion. The list of mollusca is from the pen of Mr. B. Sturges Dodd, 
who gives tog species and numerous varieties, with plentiful indica- 
tions of locality, the group having been well worked by the many 


excellent eeaiaeeia on which Nottingham | has been able to pride 
(Seale Aa are ethnic 5 f Rev. Hilderic _ 


tO hie 


Friend, F.LS. The flora is not treated i in extenso, as could have 


2 been wished, but is the subject of a ‘Mr. H. Fisher, who 
_ gives numerous notes on the most interesting species, the additions | 


to previously published lists, a long list of aliens, and enumerations 


ok the mosses, hepatics, lichens, and fungi known to occur. 


A useful 
appendix by Mr. Shipman and Mr. Carr gives a aia ey 


of the principal works and papers on the geology 


Altogether the work i is well done, well printed, aft nae to 
be of. great ies . 


F 


a ‘ion, but also to all future investigators, and Mr. Carr is 


PASE 


‘tobe Heatly congratulated upon the excellence of his work —W-D.R. oe 


NOTES AND NE haa 
r. Lister Sy et erston, Lancashire, would be obliged to those who have 
orth L 


the a = hye or still better a copy of the papers. y people have 
botanised n the baled the Brathay, a the Datdon, that Thats such 
lists are in Guiciie, and are very difficult to trace. References to newspaper 
articles not desired. 


— >o<— 
Death has been busy this year se sin the idauastieg of our northern counties, 
and the obituary list is a long on 


Cheshire has also to mourn the loss of Mr. G. W. Shrubsole, of pire one 
of the founders and most valued members of the Chester Society of National 
te and a good worker among the mollusca and some lower forms of animal 

e. 


>co< 
Many will learn with regret of the death, in his 8oth year, of the Rev. H. H. 
ba age MA., of Liverpool. Mr. Higgins day the author of numerous books and © 
in atural Heangts He founded, 1860, the Liverpool Naturalists’ 
Field Club, & b, and has also been President of the  Miewacopicat and the Literary and 
Philosophical Societies of the same city. 


We record, with regret, the death of a eo known . Yorkshire naturals and 
geologist, Mr. ‘George Robert Vine, of Sheffi Almost entirely self-educated, 
M hi a ith the mi 


a 

sr ey of ‘The Naturalist’ will remember his series of articles some years agO 

on ieguming csargmr mac of the Northern Colanieds Shales,’ and other © 
in volum 

papers oe 


Be the decease of the Mayor of Halifax Oa. . James Win. Davis, F: Sy Be 
F.L.S., etc.), hf rlgas Brisgie a geologist who has done no small share of 


scientific work in spite of the claims upon his sear by soeoinerclal and aunicipad 
Piste 


which appeared in 1878 from the pens of himself and Mr. F. Arnold Lees. 
loss will be particularly = Ba — Yorkshie — and Polytechnic Society, 


to which he became Hon tary at a time of depression in the Society's : : 


Wem to deplore the death of Me. Robert ‘Robert Holland, of Frodsham, Chesite : 
which took last June. Iting botanist and examiner 0 
rth Chee ult Society. He was a See tae ist, and an 
Lk: ie _He will ever be remembered for the * Dictionary 
of Ene Plant Names,’ writt in conjunction ay with Mr. James ames: }, and for 
int 


283 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT ASKERN. 


A DEPARTURE was made from the usual custom whereby the 
Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union makes it a rule not to visit the same 
locality twice for an excursion, when Askern was selected for the 
to3rd of the series, on Thursday, the 15th of June. There was, 
however, a sufficient reason in the fact that in 1886 all the low-lying 
country about Askern was flooded for many miles to such an extent 
as to entirely prevent the work in micro-zoology and micro-botany 
which it had been confidently expected to be done. In this respect 
there could not have been a more complete contrast, for on the 
15th of June this year the country had suffered so long from 
drought that many ponds and water-courses were dried up, so that 
while on the former occasion access could not be had to them by 
reason of the super-abundance of water, on this access was difficult 
by reason of the stretches of soft mud which surrounded the ponds. 
The arrangements for investigating the district included three 
main lines of route, and in making them the Secretaries had been 
heartily supported by the members of the neighbouring societies of 
Doncaster, Barnsley, and Ackworth School. The Doncaster members 
were well to the front in providing leaders for the parties, while the 
Barnsley Society made special driving arrangements for joining in 
the day’s work, It was, moreover, particularly gratifying to have so 
strong a muster of the juvenile naturalists of Ackworth Friends’ 
School as made their appearance in charge of two of their masters, 
Mr. Neale and Mr. C. J. Evans. Permission had been granted for 
their estates to be visited by Messrs. F. Bacon Frank, of Campsall ; 
G. B. C. Yarborough, of Camps Mount ; Percy S. Neville, of Shel- 
brook Park; and G. Charlesworth, of Skellow Grange ; Mr. Frank © 
showing further interest by meeting the party which visited peal, 
and facilitating their researches in every possible way. oe 
Il pa urted from Askern Station at 10.30 a.m. A strong — 
contingent, led by. the Rey. F. H.: Allen, Vicar of the neighbouring 


_ parish of Moss, and afterwards joined by Mr. M. H. Stiles, of 
Doncaster, proceeded direct to the prolific. brick-pond at Thorpe, ee 
from which they returned by way of the Shirley pool and jungle, — 


the Haywood and Wrang Car drains, and Askern Pool, collecting 
as they returned. The second party was to have been under the 
guidance of ‘Messrs. Jj. M. Kirk and George Winter, both of . 

a Doncaster, but these gentlemen having been detained, the party 
moved off in charge of Mr. Claude Leatham, Mr. Kirk catching ee 
a =: with it Tater. on. Its. os) were e directed. to ihe, trip ae ef 


284 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 


gave valuable help. The members of this party then took up the 

line appointed for a third one, and investigated the woods at 

Burghwallis and Owston, returning thence to Askern. What 
d : 


ine to most of the members, and had had considerable 
adverse effect on the collecting-grounds, the whole country being 
very dry 

All parties converged on the Swan Hotel at Askern, where tea 
was partaken of. The sectional meetings were, however, first held, 
tea not being ready at the time appointed, in consequence of a 
misunderstanding as to the hour. However, the general meeting 
was held at the time appointed, the bowling-green affording a 
suitable place on so fine a day. The chair was occupied by the 
Rev. William Fowler, M.A., Vicar of Liversedge, an ex-president, 
Mr. Leonard aslangeab acting as hon. secretary, in the unavoid- 
able absence of Mr. Baker. The Societies represented were those 
at Barnsley, ruler Elland, Bradford (Nat. Soc.), Leeds (four 
_ societies), Goole, Dewsbury, Halifax, Doncaster, Ackworth, Hull 
(two societies), Huddersfield, Scarborough, Sheffield, and Liversedge, 
and the total individual attendance was about 60 or 7o. Three new 
members of the Union were elected, viz., Miss L. W. Stephenson, 


of Harrogate; Mr. John Newton Coombe, of Sheffield; and — : fe 


Mr. Claude Leatham, of Wentbridge. On the motion of Mr. James 


Bedford (Leeds) the best thanks of the Union were voted to the © - 


gentlemen who had given leave for their estates to be visited, to 
the leaders of parties, and to the contributors to the excursion- 
programme, after which the sectional reports were called for. 
For the Conchological Section the report was prepared by its 
ies, Messrs. Wm. Nelson (Leeds) and F. W. Fierke (Hull), 


Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, BLS, gave a brief résumé of ee 
observations made. — 
o Ide Fierke’s report | is as follows : She excursion, so” far as 


was held. In_ 1887 the country a: flooded ; one a yeat — ae 


drought had nearly dried everything up, and the district, in 

common with other parts of the country, made a poor hunting 

ground for conchologists for either land or freshwater mollusca, 

-althoug regards ‘the latter, the dykes « Lespeien! 
some of 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 285: 


sheets of water. At Shirley Pool in particular the edge of the 
water was in many places out of reach of collectors, an expanse 
of soft mud intervening between it and terra firma. n the 
whole it was perfectly evident there was not much to choose 
between the 1887 and 1893 excursions. On the present occasion 
the Section was fairly well represented, as, in addition to its two 
hon. secretaries, the party included Mr. W. Denison Roebuck,. 
F.L.S., Mr. W. Rushforth, and Mr. J. E. Crowther. Mr. Roebuck 
selected the route to Campsall Woods, and the others proceeded 
along Askern Pool to Shirley Pool and Jungle, under the 
guidance of Mr. W. Nelson, who had previous knowledge of the 
district. The dyke running off Askern Pool had been specially 
noticed for its albino varieties, but even with the aid of Mr. Nelson, 
who has collected them in byegone years, not the slightest indication. 
was seen to be exhibited in any of the specimens of Zimn@a feregra 
or Limnea palustris, which were all very eagerly examined in hope- 
ful anticipation of meeting with this interesting variety. At the end 
of the path we turned into the field which had been mentioned as 
containing some important lacustrine remains and an examina- 
tion of the mole-heaps, which are very numerous, resulted in the 
discovery of Viviparus contectus, a species supposed to have become: 
extinct in the district. A few moments’ attention was enough to 
convince the party that Viviparus had once been very common and 
that by its numbers and surroundings it might still survive in the 
neighbourhood. Of this, however, we were not able to satisfy our- 
selves. The drain fronting the field had been cleaned out and its 
Tejectamenta did not reveal the remains of this species, although 
many common species were well represented. It is true an old shell 
was taken out of the drain, but it did not seem to be proof that it 
had not been dropped into the water, as on the ground only a few 
ards off numerous loose specimens were deposited. There can be: 


\ little doubt: that ‘excessive cleaning of the drains and dykes is 


- : inimical to the well-being and propagation of the species, and that as 
districts in which it is known to occur become more and more 
cultivated the less likelihood will there be of its continuing a member 


Ss of their fauna. As we were not satisfied that the shell had been oo ‘a 
ed from the drain we proceeded to carefully examine the soil cee 


the field. These operations soon gave us ample evidence of the — 
existence at one time of an extensive marsh or lake, in which a good — 


a variety of mollusca had lived. In fact several good sections were ca . 
procured with shells scattered through the peaty clayand marl in 


: _ cliffs cliffs of the cereemiowan coast. One or two sections were exc 


situ corresponding exactly to the lacustrine deposits exposed a bl a 


S P. umbilicatus, P. corneus, P. contortus, Physa font. snails, Limnea 


286 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 


marly in character, and contained numerous opercula of Aythinia 
tentaculata. Moles were doubtless responsible for the exposure of 
the shells on the surface, as the soil was thrown up during the carry- 
ing on of their subterannean operations. In order to prove that 
these little mounds were not the only depositories of the shells we 
excavated away from them about a foot deep and again met with 
shell remains. This seemed conclusive evidence of the lacustrine 
character of the district and that the shells to be found on the 

ce had been really conveyed through the agency of the moles 
from these deposits. Planorbis vortex, P. umbilicatus, P. corneus, 
P. contortus, Limnea peregra, L. stagnalis, L. palustris, Bythinia 
tentaculata and Valvata cristata are species of mollusca still common 
all over the district, whilst Vivzparus,as far as we know, is not known 
at present to occur anywhere in the district. At the same time it 
would not be wise to be dogmatic on this point, as from the fact that — 
the remains of the shell are so common there is a high degree of 
probability that it may have survived in some of the dykes. In 
addition to the shells we have named, a specimen of Planorbis 
fontanus (Lightfoot) was obtained, which Mr. Nelson informed the 
party had not been to his knowledge previously recorded from the 
deposit. im 

The remainder of the time was spent at Shirley Pool and the 
Jungle. Very little was seen of the terrestrial mollusca, whilst odd 
examples of aquatic species could be seen in the jungle some 
_ distance from the water, apparently where they had been left asthe = 
banks became dried up. Such species as Zimnea palustris were 
even taken in the middle of the jungle, which evidently, in rainy — 
seasons, must become entirely inundated. A very interesting — 


round the body whorl. The following is a complete list of the 
- molhisca, noted ae the day :—Arion ater var. —— (W.D. R.), 
: Hi. nitiduda. It wittiin Fie PS a iW of aspersa, 
oo: nemoralis, A. cantiana, H. hispida, Cochlicopa lubrica, Succinea 
 putris, , Carychium minimum, Planorbi: norbis fontanus, cheese nautileus 
ay (pond. near Burghwallis, W. D. R.), P. vortex, P. carinatus, 


—— peregra, L. stagnalis, L. palustris, Velletia lacustris (Shirley Pool), 
_  Bythinia tentaculata, B. leachit, Valvata piscinalis, V. cris eas 
if = ceed corneum, Pisidium Sontinale, and P. pusillum . 
r the Entomologi cal Section, in the absence of all. sin cbcotin - 
iven: as ‘Mr. H. HL earn MRCS, of I Doncaster, 
oe, of Hull. : 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 287 


Mr. Corbett writes that the Lepidoptera taken were without 
interest, Lycena alexis, Anthocharis cardamines, and Euclidia mi 
being the most noteworthy species recorded. 

Mr. Joseph Coe writes of the Coleoptera as follows :—On 
alighting from the train at Askern station we were met with a good 
omen for a successful day, by immediately coming across Carabus 
violaceus on the station platform, and notwithstanding the fact that 
June is one of the least exciting months of the year for the 
coleopterist, and also taking into consideration the very dry season, 
the fortune met with was fairly good. Many of the beetles in the 
appended list, however, were single specimens and there were few 
examples of abundance. 

The route taken was the one from Askern Pool to Shirley Pool 
and Jungle. Askern Pool appeared to be destitute of entomological 
life and did not occupy much time, but the drain leading 
from it yielded well. Here the gaudily marked goad 8 beetle, 
Prasocuris phellandrii was found to be in great n upon 
the leaves of the brookli ime (Veronica beccabunga) ; " Tybius ater, 
Platambus maculatus, and Deronectes assimilis were also among 
the captures. 

Overturning stones and logs of wood en route,—usually a fruitful 
method of search,—was of little avail, the very beautiful although 
very common Anchomenus dorsalis and Pterostichus niger being the 


encouraging, several species of Zelephorus, or ‘harvest bugs’ as 
they are sometimes popularly called, three species of Apion and the 
twenty-two spotted lady-bird, Coccinella 22-punctata, being among 
taken. Se 

The search for stercoraceous species in the pastures about Shirley 
was, for want of time, much shorter than we should have wished, as _ 
the ground gave promise of being productive ; Aphodii were turned 
_ up in fair variety and cont gam peeuibens’ was = from a depth 
of quite twelve inches. d . 


1e first itu rriving at Shi eos wis ae . 


: Carnes of that moisureoving beetle, Zinpiras — on ie 


— aspect of wae td Work was only possible at the ie 
_ ‘landslip’ end, owing to the treacherous nature of the ground at 
the borders in other parts; Agadus nebulosus with its beautifully 


_ polished tortoiseshell ssl es Se of the earlier captures mai 
__ Very similar and cl ~~ came to view shortly = 


288 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT ASKERN. 


Investigations in the Jungle were somewhat disappointing, but 
Scaphidium quadrimaculatum came as a_ reward just before 


leaving. 


The following list includes the species noted by Mr. Bayford, who 
did not reach Askern till late in the day, and also those by the 
coleopterists among the Ackworth School boys., o 


Carabus violaceus L. 


Benbidium litorale 


Helophorus brevipalpis Bed. 


Aphodius ater DeG. 
Aphodius rufescens 


-ens F. 
Aphodius contaminatus Herbst. — 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 289 


For the Botanical Section reports were given by Mr. A. H. 
Pawson (Leeds), Secretary for Phanerogamic Botany, and by 
Mr. Charles Crossland (Halifax), Secretary for Mycolo 

Mr. Pawson remarked that the botanists of the party at once 
turned their eyes to the pools and the marshes, for in this low-lying 
land these were to them the region of promise. They meant no 
disrespect to the dry land in this case. Magnesian limestone is 
a soil of which the plant-lover never thinks without rapture, but here 
there are no exposures of it in cliffs and crags such as delight his 
eyes about Thorparch and Knaresborough. The natural rock is 
almost entirely hidden by drift and alluvium which have left a flat 
surface, admirably adapted for agriculture, and so thoroughly is it 
utilised for that purpose that the territories of the wild children of 
the plain have been sadly abridged. The hedge-banks and an 
occasional bit of tangle alone remain to them. Their cousins of the 
marshes, however, are happier in having contented themselves with 
land of no economié value, and they are left to possess it in peace. 
Nay, the operations of the agriculturist have been even favourable 
to these water-plants. He must perforce leave to them their 
marshes, and, in draining his other lands, he has provided them with 
numerous ditches of varying depths (which by a periodical cleansing — 

ti 


_ the great Reeds, the Bulrushes, and the giant Sedges which lord it 
over the marsh. S 
It was by fields aid bye-paths that members made their way to | 


2 ‘Shirley Pool and its adjacent marshy jungle, noting on the way _ 


Pelee vulgaris in fine flower and Riamnus catharticus and the — . 


h ie 


— was too early for the - fall ern of the Bulrushes and the great a 
mgt a Dat the fon oe mete tn tne were big and the rare — 


less frequent 2. Srangula, trees usually of different levels, growing 

: side by side. The great dryness of the season gave an unusually = 

| et aies es of — = marshes. Overtopped by the tall = 
Pec able to penetrate e into the domain a Sag Rec 


290 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 


the Marsh Buckler Fern everywhere drapes the feet of the green 
Flags and tasselled Sedges with the delicate lace-work of its fronds. 
It was a ramble to be long remembered. The more noteworthy 
plants of the day’s work were Ranunculus lingua, R. tricophyllus, 
R. circinatus, Thalictrum flavum, Picris echioides, Hottonia palustris, 
Genista tinctoria, Parnassia rag Rhamnus frangula, R. cath- 
articus, Habenaria chlorantha, Cladium mariscus, Calamagrosts 
penne Hippuris vulgaris, and Lastrea thelypteris. 1 
village Ginanthe lachenalii was found of so rich a growth 
that it was at first taken for . pimpinelloides. 

The only cryptogams reported upon were the Fungi, concerning — 
which Mr. Charles Crossland remarked that on account of the dry 
weather fungi were rather scarce, very few—not more than two— 
agarics being seen, viz., Pluteus cervinus and Stropharia semiglobatus, 
which, with /Poria versicolor, Dedalea unicolor, and Stereum 
hirsutum included all the Hymenomycetes met with. Of the 
Gastromycetes, cp lmereae stellatus was noted, while Lycoperdon 


3 
» 


epidendron and Reticularia umbrina were the only Myxomycetes. 
The majority of the species collected were microscopic. Many of 


them could not be named at sight, but had to be stored away for — a 
future and closer examination. Though the day was very hot, with 


a tropical sun at full glare, Mr. H. T. Soppitt was indefatigable in 2 
his search after these minute species, and with a view of making. . : 
- most of the day he and the writer started early and broke the 


journey at Knottingley. Here was found very sparingly the oe 
zecidiospores of Uromyces Auge Pers. on Polygonum aviculare; 


Perisportum vulgare Corda on dead cabbage-stalks ; Peronospora 


affints Rossm. on Fumaria oficinals; ; and Cladosporium brachomium 


a ious and fields adjoining Shirley Pool. The jungle will be 
a prolific hunting-ground for fungi later in the season. e#icularia 
_ Lycoperdon Rost. was noticed. Of course the very common Mollist 

cinerea (Batsch) was there; also M. atro-cinerea Cooke, Lachnea 
_ seutellata (L.), Lachnella apala B. & Bry. Nectria’ mammoides 


- . ‘Plowright, Spherella rumicis Desm., Peronospora effusa Rabenh. o 


Atriplex patula, Polyactis Sascicularis Corda, gi aE crustaceum 

Fr. var. coremium on rabbit’s dung, and Zgerifa candias On wood. 

Species found. belonging to the Uredineze were Uromyces poe Rabh 

Puccinia coronata Corda, xcidiospores on Riamnus, P. poarum 

o : is ome zcidiospores_ on ee ar telent 
: hae | cect n 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 291 


ecidiospores on TZhalictrum flavum. The latter is rather a rare 
Puccinia, and was first found in Yorkshire at Goole, by Mr. Birks, in 
June 1884. Since the meeting, Mr. Bunker, of Goole, has kindly 
forwarded additional specimens from that district, where it appears 
to be plentiful. There was very little of it at Shirley Pool Jungle, only 
one plant affected by it being seen. P. suaveolens Pers. on Carduus 
arvensis, Puccinia bullata Pers. on Conium maculatum, and Tri- 
Phragmium ulmarie (Schum.) on Spirea ulmaria were also met with. 
Ustilago segetum (Bull.) on barley was the only representative of 
the Ustilaginee. For obvious reasons it was not possible to give a 
list at the meeting. 

For the Geological Section the report at the meeting was given 
by Mr. Percy F. Kendall, F.G.S., and the following account is from 
the pen of Mr. J. W. Stather, F.G.S., of Hull, one of the Secretaries 
of the Section : 

The geologists first visited the large gravel-pit to the S.W. of the 
village, where the so-called Estuarine Beds are seen. This series of 

s had been altered a good deal by the progress of recent 
excavation, and consists now of (1) a bed of soft sandstone with lines 
of marly inclusions, the whole dipping steadily to the eastward. This 
bed was traversed by several faults which did not, however, affect 
the overlying beds. (2) A great thickness of coarse gravel with 

__ intercalations of sand. The stones in the gravel were gee 
Magnesian Limestone, rounded, sub-angular, or quite sharp, and 
ranged in size from small pebbles to blocks three feet in diameter. 
be bed rested upon an eroded, stepped surface of No. 1. No 

false-bedding was observed in the gravels or in the underlying sand- 

Stone. Prof. P. F, Kendall, who accompanied the party, expressed 


2 istance from the ae 
Summer more esp cially the melting of snow in the spring, 
would give rise to great rushes of water down the valleys, sweeping __ 
before them all the fragments of rock lying loose upon the surface. _ 
Along the eastern edge of the Magnesian Limestone, where it falls 
away beneath the Alluvial deposits of the Don valley, such streams — 
would probably drop their loads h t suddenly when they met _ 
the large body of relatively still water that seems to have occupied | 
the area during Glacial times. Such an explanation, Mr. Kendall 
had 


the opinion that the sandstone was probably of: Permian age, and a 


Gade such circumstances. ‘the a 


been offered of LK origin of the Coombe-rock of Suter, of = : 
tk of E . Geolo; ical Surs ee 


292 THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS UNION AT ASKERN. 


The party next proceeded via Sutton, seeing on the way an 
example of false-bedding in the Upper Magnesian Limestone, to 
ampsall, where a gravel and sand pit was visited showing features 
similar to those exhibited at Askern. The gravels differed, however, 
in containing, besides Magnesian Limestone, pebbles of quartz and 
of a coarse red sandstone. The sandstone underlying this series 
was found to contain similar quartz pebbles, and in an adjacent 
builders’ yard the sandstone was hard and desea in appearance 
Ask 


with that of the gravels. The party returned to ern via a 


limestone quarry to the north of the village, where obscure traces of 
fossils were found. 

or obvious reasons no report on the microscopic forms of life _ 
could be given at the meeting, but afterwards the finds made by the 
microscopists were worked up, and Mr. M. H. Stiles has furnished 
the following report on behalf of the investigators of pond-and ditch- 
life, as made out by Mr. J. Newton Coombe and himself. The more 
potiesable finds were Meridion at Wrancar drain, Docidium in the 


railway pond on the Doncaster ger and Volvox and Stephanoceros 
at Thorpe brick-pond. On the Campsall side Mr. Kirk found ~ 


rpe 
nothing worth recording. 


Volvox Lanne (Thorpe). Gomphonema acuminatum. 


- gratifying to see Goldfinches in the district. 


THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT ASKERN. 293 


Rotifer vulgaris. Hydra vulgaris. 
Stephanoceros eichornii (Thorpe). Canthocamptus minutus. 
Monostyla quadridentata. Cyclops quadricornis. 

: iridi Daphnia pulex. 


The Vertebrate Section was fairly well represented. Among the 
members present being the President, Mr. J. Gerrard, one of the 
Hon. Secs., Mr. R. Fortune, by whom this report is presented, 
Mr. T. Bunker, and others. The party was considerably strengthened 
by a noah of boys from Ackworth School. 
to some unfortunate circumstance the guides allotted to 
this section were conspicuous only by their absence, the result being 
that the party, without a leader, wandered over the country side, 
_ getting to every place but the one they endeavoured to reach ; the 
natives evidently not knowing the places mentioned in the circular. 
In spite of the misfortunes which dogged the “ag of the 
members all day, a fairly good list was forthcoming at the he 
find of the day was a nest and eggs of the Reed Warbler, pee 
by one of the members of the entomological section. It wasa 
The total number of 
_ Species noted was 59, made up as follows: Mammals, 7; Birds, 46; 
_ Fishes, 4; Reptile, 1; Amphibian, 1. Following is a detailed list, an 


asterisk — that eggs, and a dagger that young birds were found. 


Cole Tit.t Jackdaw. 
Mole. Marsh Tit. ok. 
Common Shrew. Blue Tit. Swift. 
Squirrel. Wren. koo, 
Common Field Vole. Pied Wagiail. Mute Swan. * 
Red Field Vole. Tree Pipit. Ring Dove. 
Hare. Spotted Flycatcher. Stock Dove. 
Rabbit. Swallow. + Pheasant. + 
nue Martin. ertexige. 7 |. 
ie Birds. Sand Martin.* _ Waterhen. t 
_ Thrush. Creeper. Lapwing. So 
Blackbird, Goldfinch. Spe. 
itethroat.+ Sparrow. “Roast er 
Garden Warbler. Lit : Pike. ee 
Willow Warbler. eS ee ee 
Wood Warbler. Com inting. 4 epee, 
— Warbler.* - Yellow-hammer. + Smooth Newt. 
sedge Warbler. Reed Bun ae 
Hedge Sparrow. Skylark. Pel ope cee 
Great Tit. _ Starling.-+ F | 


a rog. 
_ At the close of the meeting a cordial vote of shacks to the 
an was passed, on the motion of Mr. = W. eons 


8 “ atu near peer: —W.D.R. | 


BRITISH JURASSIC GASTEROPODS. 


A Catalogue of the British —— Gasteropoda, comprising the Genera 
and Species hitherto described, with Sse to their nd ist goa cal Distribu- 
tion ons = the Localities in which they have been W. -B. 
i paves > M.A, F.R-S., P.6.8., and Edward Wilson, F.G.S.  8vo, 
+147; London, 1892. 
tie scope of this work is sufficiently described by the full title 
quoted, with the further remark that the catalogue is a critical one 
and compiled by two of the foremost living authorities. Mr. Hudleston, 
an ex-President of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, is already well 
known to our readers. Some of his best known work has been 
done among the Oolites of Yorkshire and other parts of England, 
and his monograph on the Gasteropoda in course of publication by 
the Palzontographical Society is sufficient to establish his lasting - 
authority on this branch of Paleontology. His coadjutor, Mr. Wilson, 
has long been known for his work among the Liassic mollusca. 
The work now under notice includes in all a thousand species, 
besides fifteen from the Rheetic, given in an appendix. The rapid 
progress of British paleontology may be gauged by comparing this 
book with Morris’s ‘Catalogue of British Fossils’ (1854), dealing 
with the whole fossil fauna of our islands. The work of recording 
and critically valuing the many species constituted in modern memoirs 
has become a task not for one man, however able, but for specialists ee 
in the several groups, and the present instalment is a worthy contri- 
bution to the work. oe 
The practical value of such a _ catalogue to the working geologist 
depends upon its completeness, and here there seems to be nothing 
left to desire. The Yorkshire collector, for example, will find here 
every species as yet recorded from the Lias of the coast, from the : 
well-known fossiliferous beds of Blea Wyke, Cloughton Wyke, and 
‘Scarborough, the various horizons ‘in the Corallian, etc., with ce 
origi Asi 


the authors for the unsparing labour which ~~ hee bestowed = oS 
render it ection ey a 


NOTE—DIPTERA. ae 
of a fy io 


Dinters at A th.—Mr. Roebuck collected 
os Park West re on pe 22nd last, which I erimgperdta® 
oe Rhingia rostrata “7 W is not an uncommon s species, , being easily recognise¢ — 
nds c id send me any rai Ly y happen to come across 
. are oy Yonah ey they a aabegh, Yaue 26th, 


295 
A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 
Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, F.L.S., 


Author of ‘Flowers and Flower-Lore, Cockermouth, 


On the roth June, last year, I received a series of earthworms from 


characters appeared to me to be striking. It was collected in 
Dublin, and I was puzzled at the time to decide whether it was 
simply an abnormal form of the common earthworm (Lumbricus 
terrestris L..), or whether it belonged to a distinct species. I there- 
fore made a note of its peculiarities, and awaited an opportunity for 
coming to a decision on sufficient evidence. In due course the much 
wished for data were at hand, for on November 16th I received from 
Mr. Redding, L.R.C. S., a second specimen, taken at Glasnevin, 
exactly corresponding in every detail to the one already observed. 
Careful and repeated examination of these specimens, both internally 
and externally, and detailed comparison with the type of the genus, 
have enabled me to decide that we have here an earthworm which is 
hew to Great Britain, and, at the same time, new to science 
as well. 

may, in the first place, give a plain account of the worm in 


English, following it with a brief diagnosis, corresponding with ae 


Supplied of the Ruddy beacon (Lumbricus rubescens Friend), as 
described by me last year in a communication to the Linnean 
Society onrtiat: ie Linn. ae Zoology, Vol. xxiv, p. 305). _ 

_ The adult worm is 4 inches or ro cm. in length when well — 
preserved in alcohol. It is 8 mm. across the girdle and sexual 
Organs, while the tail is spathulate or flattened so as to measure nearly 


a centimetre in diameter. In colour it is ruddy brown, but lighter — 


. : than the common earthworm usually is, though in size and other | 


particulars it closely resembles that species (Z. terrestris L.), which 


We may regard as the type of the genus. The lip or prostomium 


: forms with the peristomium or first ring, a perfect mortise and tenon, 
__ while the under side of the lip is marked by a forked groove. This 


is undoubtedly of service to those species which possess it, as it 


enables the worm to grasp its food more firmly than it could other- 


wise do. The under surface of the peristomium is deeply ribbed or 


- indented. On the fifteenth segment we find a pair of prominent 
aa papillze on which the male pores are situated. In front of these 


owing reine igh eee oe pnb hea: en c . 2 


296 FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 
while running backwards, ~ closely connecting the male pores 
we find band or ri 


which is often seen very Nistnce in the Red Worm (ZL. rudedlus 
Hoffm.). The girdle occupies five segments only (33-37). Every 
species of Zumébricus previously found in Great Britain possessed six 
girdle segments, but we find an analogous instance on the continent 


where one species (Z. me/ibeus Rosa) is described as having a girdle 


of five segments. Along these segments there runs on either side 
a prominent band (¢ubercula pudertatis), which appears to cover and 
connect the whole girdle. In reality, however, the band occupies 


ee 34-37- The most remarkable feature about the Dobie if. 


the large clitellar papillz on the 34th and 36th 
have no other species of Lumbricus which regularly sian these 
organs. In the allied genus Allolobophora they are frequent. 


I once observed them in a specimen of the Red Worm 


(Z. rube/lus Hoffm.) received from Dublin, but no other example has 
hitherto come under my notice. 


The position of the band (¢udercula pubertatis) is of extreme — 
interest, as we are able, by the discovery of this species, to fill — 
a curious gap. Dr. Rosa, some years ago, drew up a chart in which 
he displays the arrangement to the clitellar band in the different 
species of Lumbricus. We are now able to modify and i improve | Me 

ae 


tab 
L. rubellus Hoffm. ear /28 | 29 30 | 31 | 
L. purpureus Eisen... ... “ 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 
ZL, WeebeS BIME Oa | 30 31 32 | 33 
L. tyrtacus Savigny? a ages 3 | 32 33 34. 
L. forma No. 5, Rosa® eens tee tee oe 32 | 33. Sahl 
L. terrestris Lim. ... . = ae es) oe | 33. 34 | 35 | 36| ae 
L, papillosus Friend... ... 8 oe 2 ee 4 35 36 er a 
i. rubescens Friend? a ee = fone on — te | | 35 36| 37| | 
A similar chart wield te pre pared to pokbie us to see at a glance 


the position of the first dorsal pore. I give the Irish forms. beset 2 


in order that it wey. be : 


ee a our knowledge sali 


fies Ton se ithe met Ale ofa Rom. i a 
_ ® A form described by R ‘I Lumb. del P ae. 


si 


FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 207 


L. rubescens Fr.... - | 5 | 6 

L. purpureus Eisen: 0 0. ee ose | 6 7 | 

dy rebeligg Holi ae iz 8 

L. terrestris Leim. 8 | 9 

fy Papiilocws Friend bos 6s: oes tac ge ahs a 


How far this character is constant remains yet to be demon- 
strated, though Ude has made elaborate investigations which seem 
to indicate that its value is not to be despised in diagnosis. It will 
be seen, if the foregoing chart is reliable, that there is at present no 
_ apparent relationship between the position of the first dorsal pore 
and the first clitellar papilla. 

The sete are in four couples on each segment, and are slightly 
wider apart than in the other species. On account of the presence 
clitellar papilla in this species and no other, I have named it 

L. papillosus, a designation which I think well calculated to express 
the principal feature. Rosa has recently pointed out the fact that 
_ Miller has already adopted the term fafil/osus for another species 
_ Of annelid. 

Following the diagnosis of the Ruddy Worm (Z. rudescens Fr.), 
and that of the other species found in Eisen’s memoir, I now give 
__ a brief description of the new species. 


: pembeieus papilosus, = ‘nov. oe ae 
Corpus el , postice spatulatum. 
Lobus cephalicus pat prostomium) magnus, antice rotundatus, 
postice segmentum buccale (id est peristomium) in duas partes 
i dividens ; infra pallidus, sulco longitudinali furcato. 
- Tubercula ventralia plerumque conspicua in segmento 1 5 = 


Parallelis tuberculis in segm. 34, 35, 36, 37, cum duabus 


: egmenta 34et 36. 

Sete i ubique bine. approximate. as : 

| Segmenta. circa 130. | So oe 

_ Longitudine circa 10 cm., max. fea 8-10 mm. : 

_ Prima foramen dorsi inter segmenta 8- 

_ Internally the Papillose Worm hes the a “ae ail : 

arrangement of essential organs—the gizzard in segments 17-18, two — 

__ Pairs of spermathece in 9 and 10, and three pass of spore ees 
At the present moment i 


in Great Britain are five in number. A briefaccountof the poise a . 
| 2s £ necen, I submit herewith. I have carefully —— oe 


298 FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 


each, which have been received from different parts of the kingdom, 
and find that they are typical in character, and widely distributed. 

The Common Earthworm (Z. ¢errestris Linn.), though formerly 
very vaguely defined, and constantly confused with a number of 
other species, especially the Long Worm (4. /onga Ude), is now 
easily recognised by the constancy of its girdle and band. It is the 
largest of our native terrestrial annelids, often reaching a length of six 
or eight inches, when living undisturbed in rich vegetable mould. It 
is of a warm brown colour, usually iridescent on the back and flesh- 
coloured beneath. On the fifteenth segment it carries pale coloured 
papillz, on which are situated the male pores. These papille are 
a good starting-point when the segments have to be counted back- 
wards to ascertain the position of the girdle. I have examined — 
many hundreds of specimens at all seasons of the year, and have, 
without a single exception, found the girdle in the mature worm 
covering the 32nd to the 37th segments, the four innermost of which 
have the tubercula pubertatis on the ventral surface. The sete are 
arranged on the under-side of the body in four double rows, whereas 
in the tree-worms they form eight single rows nearly equi-distant all 
over the body. When irritated, the worm exudes a clear, colourless 
se but we never find a liquid substance poured from the dorsal 
pores. In the case of the Tree Worm, and several species of 
Allolobophora, this is the case, while a few instances occur in which 
a smell of garlic, or some other vegetable, is emitted. os 

_ The Ruddy Worm (Z. rubescens Friend) is identical in point of — 

size and colour with the new species described above. It was first 
discovered by me in Yorkshire a couple of years ago, and described 
in detail in the Linnean Society’ s Journal, ett vol. xxiv, p. 305 


et seq. The Irish specimens which I have examined in no way ie 
_ differ from the type, which is about four iach in length, and has 
an average number of 120 segments. It has probably been mis- 
taken by earlier investigators for one or other of the worms which = 


it closely resembles, though Savigny may have intended this species 
when he wrote his brief account of Z. festious. The curious point — 
about the matter is that no one on the Continent has ever found 


a worm answering to the description of Savigny, though he wrote — e 
more than half a century ago. In the Ruddy Worm we have co 


ones mee again conspicuously situated on — while in thetwo 


ether The girdle extends ae 5 


from the - 34th to the goth segment, pe as usual, the band stretches _ - 
a —— the four i innermost. ‘The discovery of the new worm bridges ~ 


the: Common Earthworm: and the ~ : 


FRIEND: A NEW SPECIES OF LUMBRICUS. 299 


and 34. This fact is suggestive. I have observed spermatophores 
on the ventral surface of the body of this worm, between the male 
pores and the clitellum; but, hitherto, I have failed to discover 
them on any other species of Zumbricus. They are minute sacs of 
a delicate structure, balloon-shaped, and filled with germ 

The Red Worm (Z. rudelius Hoffm.) differs from al the fore- 
going in the forward position of its girdle, and the absence of 
papillz: on the 15th segment. It is therefore impossible, as a rule, 
to know where the male pores are situated in this species and the 
next without counting the segments carefully from the head back- 
wards. When the worm is adul It, however, a band is often to be 
seen running along each side of the body from the girdle forwards 
to the 15th or 14th segment, similar to that found in the Papillose 
Worm. The girdle commences on the 27th segment and reaches to 
the 32nd, the 28th to 31st carrying the /ubercula pubertatis. This 
worm appears to be liable to variation, but what the cause may be is 
not yet known. I have shown in a paper on Hybridity among 
Worms that the Red Worm may sometimes be found in association 
with other species. Among the variations which have come under 
my notice the following are the most important. One specimen 
received from Dublin had two pairs of papille under the girdle 
exactly after the manner of the Papillose Worm. What Eisen 
remarked of the species as found in Scandinavia I have found to be 
true here, viz., that the girdle sometimes begins and ends one 
segment in ndvince of the normal position. Then in certain 
localities the hinder extremity is found to be curtailed, while one 
Specimen received from Bangor recently had the girdle exactly in 
_ the position which it occupies in the Continental species (Z. melibeeus). 


In the latter, however, there are papilla on segment 15, which a 


_ fot occur on this abnormal specimen, or we Tight at once have 

_ added another species to our aad ie a ca 

a The Purple Worm vs 43 rp oe. sen) is | . ee ndig 
Species. When in its finest form one can scarcely distinguish i 


- among droppings in pastures, and are ey" ay a ony ridge on the 

ventral surface of the roth segment. The male pores cannot be 
_ detected owing to the absence of papille. There is good reason to 
believe that this is the species which Savigny named Zxterion 


“ castaneum in 1829, but the early naturalists had not a sufficient 
- oe of the most important characters to make their diagnoses 


_ Of permanent value. The main oe - be = — in oe 
form of | a chart. oe a 


300 NOTES AND NEWS. 


A TABULAR VIEW OF THE BRITISH LUMBRICI. 


SEGMENTS OCCUPIED BY AVERAGE. PAPILLaé. 


LUMBRICUS. ae Be] ed 
No. o Male | Else- 


| Ist 
Girdle. | Band. a Length. “Segments Pore. | where. 


eid pad canals, | | 32-37 33-36 8/9 iced 150-200| 15 


| 
| 
} 
\ 
| 


2. Piso inigien| 33 37 34-37 9/10 inches 130-150} 15 | 34,36 


3. pridespens Hee t} 
1892 0) 


34-39 35-38 5/6 its 100-130| 15 | 28 


La rubellus tf- a 


aaphes 845 - 27-32 28-31 7/8 ers too-t25) 6 re) 


ve porpereis Eisen, ai 


28-33 | 29-32 6/7 | 2inches. 80-100 ° Io 


I beg to point out the great value to the true earth-worms of the 
flattened or spathulate tail-extremity. So far as I am aware it has 
never been observed by any of my predecessors that the habitat of 
the species and the shape of the posterior part have a direct 
relationship to each other. It is only among those species which 
expose a portion of their body when in search of food, while the 
other remains in the burrow, that the distinctly flattened tail is 
found in our native species. Oriental species are, as a rule, as round 
as a straw, while our tree-haunting species are usually octangular. 
I shall have some curious facts to present on this point in another 

paper on ‘Variation among Annelids,’ resulting from my study Of 
- native earth and tree worms, should such a communication oe 

_ acceptable. Meanwhile, I am content to observe that the shape of — 
the tail in the genus which — we bave: bess sioria bans is” 
_ value, since it enabl its burrow most 
a” ond so retain its hold if an attempt b be made to nes it 


; "NOTES AND ‘NEWS. . 
iv heb of M.Se. has lately ‘been conferred t vinnie ion 


Mr. WLE. ‘Hoyle, M.A.Oxon,, the Prot A. 
Mib nes Marshall, M.A., M.D.Cant., c Pes bond = 


The Lincolnshire Naturalist’ Usion ast to ae in: fair v ay to become a 


301 


BIBLIOGRAPHY: 
Papers and Records published with respect to the Natural History and 
Physical Features of the North of England. 


NEUROPTERA & TRICHOPTERA, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, and 1892. 


THE present instalment of Bibliography has been compiled and 
edited by 
WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S. 
The only previous instalment of the Bibliography of these orders 
of insects was published in the ‘Naturalist’ for October 1888, 
pp. 285-286, and re with the years 1884 to 1887 inclusive. 
ANON. [various srt oats naman 
Cc 879 UMay -flies, Burton Bridge, S. R. Hfallam]., 
May 12th; Drake-f, § -» June 2nd; Dragon-fly, S. G., Oct. 25]. 
4th Ann. Rep. Burt on-on- poste Nat. Hist. & Arch. Soc., 1880, pp. 67-70. 


Phenological Observations og Isle of Man mon emi ones 
[? which]) appears, May 16]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 5, Ap. 1890, p. 
ANON. [signed ‘ Rawdon Lee’ Ww orland, kshire, b 


Range of the May-fly [which extends north to Westmorland, where 
the ‘drakes’ are common on most waters, igi SS ; also 
Reon on Kent and Bela and several Yorkshire generally, north 

of Derbyshire the ‘Stone-fly’ is called ‘ May-fly]. Field, ites eg P- 23. 
J. ARKLE. 

Notes from Cheshire Severe of Agrion puella and A. minium at 
Delamere Forest; of  Zded/ula fuadrimaculta at Oakmere, 13th, 
1891; and Libellula scotica on Hatchmere Moss]. [Ent., Dec. 1891, 
Pp- and 289. 

J. ARKLE. Cheshire. 

Whit-Monday [June 6th, 1892] in Delamere est [yielded hundreds 
of ae quadrimaculata and ZL. scotica]. go > Tay 1892, P- 169. 


J. ARKLE. 

[48schna j _ and Sympetrum scoticum at De — 1, 
1892, recorded in a note “ Coliasedusa . . in rocket; in 1892 4 
Ent., te Sion ay 0. 270. 

Ww. Harcourt Barn. oo Westmorland and Pies. 


dO gee rg et Win lormere Le immense 
1887]. Nat. Monthly, win 1887, p. 51. 


‘abundance, first week of So 


—_— 
: W. eae Bath. pe —— ee 


&c., at © Windermere soieseenis 
Donlect of the lake, Aug. 1887]. ae eb. 1888, p. 62. 
W. Harcourt Baru [not ae Ww : 
Among t Pose, rasta: with a notice of the 
Preemie oe nallagma spate ce gp al Loy re goin cag a 
ug. ae habitat described]. N. H. J., "ape 15th, oe > . 


w. Fotinid ieee (not signed]. ee of 3 roo : - 


302 BIBLIOGRAPHY : NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA. 


W.. a a agin > deiy Westmorland and Furness. 
Some Famous Collecting-Grounds for Dragon-flies. By the Author 
of “An Miastiated Handbook of British Dragon-flies,” Vi Te 
English Lake District [giving a list of 22 mperies found round Windermere 
and Ambleside]. Sci. Goss., July “—o 154. 
H. SHORTRIDGE CLARK Isle of Man. 
R Me Ge Eston! ogical Section [of Isle N. HH. S. fo 
88 ; repeats G. T. Porritt’s list of 6 Neuroptera a 16 Ege io cog a 
Naturalist, April 1888]. Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 2, April 1889, p. 
A. E. Eaton. Cumberland 
A Concise Generical Synopsis, with an Annotated List, of the Species 
os hake Ephemeridz [the only northern record is oe rigtaaine sper, Eat., 
t Eden, Cumberland]. E. M. M., June 1888, p 
A. E. ag York bate 
a observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Uni 
Edl — and Wadworth Woods [near abel ntgbd er and 17th erz 
1891; Stenophylax concentricus]. Nat., Nov. 1891, p. 
MATTHEW HENDERSON. 
opteryx phalznoides, L., Durham [two at conn details 
given, and ed. note by R. cries Haas E. M. M., April 1890, p 
P. M. C, K[eErMopeE]. Is! ie at ‘ithe: 
Phenological Observations [giving Manx dates for ‘ Dragon-fly 
(ieee) *)} Yn Lioar Manninagh, No. 2, April 1889, i. 64; and No. 9, 
293- 


ee th pe a KING... York Mid W. 

notata Ramb. occurs in fo lesen tere came 

the River leaps near Tadcaster, where a fe F. G. Binnie]. 
Proc. N. . Glasg., New Series, vol. iii, pie . 1388. 80 (1889), p. ix. 

R. peuatan York N.W. 

phalenoides, L., in Yorkshire [captured 28th Aug. 

sre : —— Teesdale, by Mrs. Hutchinson]. E. M. M., Feb. 


optera observed b; y] The Yorkshire Naturalists’ Unio spores 
Hood’s Bay, oe A ons 1889 ; ne centralis, named b 
Porritt, taken]. 5) Aue. 2 880, p. 
Amos: MITCHELL. 


7. See ae - York N.E. 
[Tricho: 


Durham. — 
Oct. 1885, beat from 


‘Alder overhanging the Waskerey Bur, nes Wolsingham E.M. M.; March — 


B 1990, Pp. 90. 
GEORGE ae PorRITT. fe co 
En risen es ion to . . the Isle of Man Avg. I 
_— Lsopteryx farieciat Susciventris, jonas micans, f os 
Ai. subnebulosus, H. —— Limnophilus centralis, re auric icin s SParsus, — 


Sericostoma rst ‘ostoma Rirle, — pullata, Odontocerum 
 albicorne, Hydrops pale ag ire ors Philopotam gg eiowe Wormaldia sub- 
nigra, signal a conspersa, P. geniculata , Polycent s flavomaculatus, : 
Tinodes assimilis, Rhyacophila dorsalis, pom A, tes fusciesy 0 noted, with 
details ‘of locali locality and onawnes ex Ap. i I 


Siac a) 


So ss oo 
| Guo, 7. PORRITT. aoe ork S.W. and NE. 
 hetaelin,. 


Y 
a in West Yorkshire © fin ‘Wharneliffe Mood. eae 
23 i, 1888, and burn, Aug. Micropt 
ipirer tbo ; in Pen 


BIBLIOGRAPHY : NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA. 303 


G. T. Porrirr. ork S.W. 

uroptera served with] The Yorkshire Natur onal ‘Ties at 

Holmfirth [roth pc 1889: Szalis ‘fulssinent, Nemoura oe geny LV. variegata, 
and Hemerobius humuli taken]. Nat., July 1889, p 

Geo. T. Porritt. York Mid W. 

copteryx brevi: vipennis, Curt., at York [taken by G. C. Dennis and 

Geo. Jackson, probably at Askham ais Leptocerus emo taken 

near the river at York last June by G. C. Dennis}. E. M. M., Nov. 1890, 

P- 304. 


Gro. T. Porritr. York S.W. 
Neuroptera, Trichoptera, and Orthoptera, near Thorne Waste 

” [uly 16th, 1891 ; gpa! um rereen in Le Ep Be Limnophilus marmo- 

ratus, L. lunatus, L. auricula, L. j 4 

Nat., April 1891, p. mers 


G. T. Porrirr, York Mid Ww. 
omega and Trichoptera observed with] the Yorkshire N: 
Union pxvrneg! sr reanya [on Sept. 11th, 1890; Leuctra fusciventris, 
Nemours Rey ant), Stenophylax concentricus, Halesus auricollis 
(common), and 4. sei ma Nat., June 1891, p. 177. 
Gro. T. pice rk S.W. 
Stenophylax alpestris Yorkshire [taken ctr — 


Pp by John 
Barnsley ; ~— ean but probably Dunford Bridge]. E. 
Pp. 2. 


G. T. ee 2 ‘York S.E. 

ea taken in York Dale, 3rd August, by N. F. Dobrée, 

ion with} ie Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union on the Wolds. Nat., Oct. 

1691, p. 

Gro. T. Doane. York Mid W. 

_ [Neuroptera observed with] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union at 

Hivcide i: Ribblesdale rath hale : Nowe eee and Leuctra 
Jusciventris, both common]. t., June 1892, p 


G. T. Porritt. York S.W. 
sa oaipie and Trichoptera observed by] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union at Penistone and Dunford Bridge fon 9th pete 1892 ; Stenophylax 


po atl Sialis fuliginosa, and Plectrocne: wer a sa; the first a valuable 
confirmatory record]. Nat., Sep. 1892, 


SS ov PORRITT {per J. H. aelaadarete York : Mid w. 
(N and y] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union at Grassington [on io 2oth, 1891 ; = grammatica _ 
(abundant), Jsopteryx lvslepae wes he resie 
cinerea, o—* fuliginosa, He étes orolypus, Sine stellatus, 
a atus, Rhyacphia de dorsalis, ‘ued ew 
inodes ai ; the last fairly anon Nat., Sept. 1891, p. 26 : 
= 7, Porritt. ee ck N.EL 
europtera an Trichoptera abaeread at at Castle Hi ward on the occasion | 
of] the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union{’s visit or fem and Byland 
1892 ; —— sopa flavifrons, Hemerobius mic i marginatus, 
Lenin —— , Halesus regent Anabolia Limnophilus 


— ms — © recs ered — Nov. : =_ 


ao a : : : | 
. Gro. 7 Pouirr, oe Se, York S.W. oe: 
Sten = lpn ot Dunford t Bridge, West | Norkshiee fens ng a 


es}. ‘EM. M., Des. 1808, pe SEE 


NOTE—COLEOPTERA. 


peter Wt ee ilis nega —In the September issue of the 

. Hiaipae oe Mr. Roebuck records the capture of two specimens of this interest- 

n Yorkshire. As I have not seen it recorded for Notts, it may be 

wath while. to state ‘that a very fine specimen was captured by the Trent-side at 

Wilford, near Nottingham, on August 26th last, and is now in my possession.— 
iM. CARR, Nottingham, "Sept. 2nd, 1893. ' 


NOTE S—FISHES. 


Opah or King-fish on the tegegi uty Coast.—A very fine example of this 
etal fish aiggractg® ha Gm.), of the most gorgeous colours, and w weighing 
about four stone, was left by the tide, early in August, in a 1 on the coast 
opneite ington tas end Between 1767 and this date it has been recor 
upwards of a som oe em Ye oast aken off the 
one a coast, mon, weighing 140 pounds, and the flesh is 


as red and ef ke ate pi quality.—JoHN CorpEaux, Eaton Hall, 
Retford, Sept 5th, 1893. 


The Lamprey in North Lancashire.—The following cutting is a the 
* Ulverston sated nate 24th, 1893 :—‘ EXTRAORDINARY CaTcH.—On Friday 
evening last, while several fishermen of Broughton were up the river Lickle rod- 
fishing, their attention was directed by some youths on the river-bank between 


Low Moss and the y Bridges to tw anguilliform fish, which 
® to be engaged st deadly feud; after several fruitl ffo empt 
to take the a e young fellows, after taking th tion to 
eaikeck his hand into as river, and eventuall ceeded in throwing both 
out of the ni ved to be of the eel speci ws 
or Jampreys. Both fish were about two feet long, and weigh out 2 Ibs. each. 
Lickle is a strea the neighbo of Broughton-in-Furness, wh 
joins the Duddon below Duddon Bridge. C be Petromyzon marinus L.? 


= PP- 525-6.—LisTeR PETTY, oo Fue 26th, 1893. 


NOTES—. MOLLUSCA 


Viviparns contectus still living at Askern.—On the ree June, when with S o 
ses Apes a eel Smal Trum: mips coy 
one of the dykes we made an interesting fi ee Viviparus contectus, the 


or its occurrence in this district see Mr. Macpherson’s ‘ Fauna of Lakeland, 


Sn Blemoriam. 


Jo WeDANVIS, FLAS. PGS. ¥ SoA, Ete. 

TuE death of Mr. J. W. Davis, of Halifax, to which brief reference 
was made in ‘The Naturalist’ for September, has created a wide- 
spread feeling of regret among Yorkshire naturalists of all classes, 
and has left a gap in the ranks of the more earnest workers that will 
not be easily or readily filled up. His long and official connection 
with the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union and the Yorkshire Geological 
and Polytechnic Society, and other local scientific bodies, made his 
tall and erect figure a familiar one to almost every naturalist in the 
county, and such was the impression made upon those who were 
brought into contact with him, that there are probably few who do not 
feel that in him they have lost an energetic co-worker and a valuable 
and trusty friend. Already several sketches of his life, his 
characteristics, and his work have appeared in various journals, but 
his close connection with the societies to which many of the readers 
of ‘The Naturalist’ belong, make it desirable that we should add 
a further tribute to his memory and place on record our appreciation 
of his scientific labours and the impressions his personality made 
upon those who had the privilege of enjoying his most intimate 
friendship. 

_ It is now generally known that, descended from an old 
Gloucestershire family, he was born in the neighbourhood of Leeds 
On April 15th, 1846, and that from his youth up he manifested — 
@ strong and intelligent interest in natural history pursuits. One 
__ who knew him while still in his teens, and before his removal to 
_ Halifax, often recalls the fact that even then he displayed great force 
and individuality of character, and had always some clearly-defined 
_ object in view which he pursued with a will and an energy that 


: _ Speedily brought it withi in his grasp. At an early peri ake’ cadienil : : oo 


_ the value of the friendship of congenial spirits, and was honorary _ 


ihe: still kept a his connection with scientific friends in Leeds. 


Fate, HES, Md 


ve ck he : 
: association, “which included in its membership. the late Mr. James — 

_ Abbott, Messrs. F, A. Lees, W. Todd, and T. sel and after its 

a we csi with the . Club, which « 


Secretary of a small Natural History Society which used to meet in _ a = 
the old Assembly Rooms, near Call Lane. — On his removal — 


which included Messrs, W. P. ‘Sladen, W. Cash, and J. Stubbins, Vee 


306 IN MEMORIAM—J. W. DAVIS. 


Association. In recognition of his services to this society he was 
subsequently elected a life member. 

As a member of the executive of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ 
Union, he was drawn into a close connection with some of the 
ablest of his fellow-workers, and for some years he and the late 
Mr. George Brook, with Messrs. Hobkirk, Cash, Sladen, and others 
met regularly for the study and discussion of biological problems. 

Though perhaps of minor importance, these facts seem deserving 
of mention, because there can be little doubt that this close associa- 
tion with others like-minded to himself, had considerable influence 


was always abundantly illustrated by actual specimens. His 
habit of mind, indeed, seems to have inclined more to the practical 
and the concrete than the theoretical and abstract, and it was no 
doubt this that made his activity on the School Board and the 
Corporation of Halifax, and in other public matters, so serviceable to 
the best interests of his fellow-townsmen. At the same time he had 
a ready perception of the acceptability or otherwise of scientific 
theories, and was not unskilful, when he had thoroughly studied his 
facts, in detecting and applying their theoretical teachings. 


To this habit of mind we may, perhaps, also attribute his success 
when, in the full maturity of his faculties, he elected to devote him- 
self to the investigation of Fossil Fish. The measure of that success 


will be fully estimated in due eid) and we do not erie? to 
anticipate it here. But any one who has perused the m a 
which his unflagging industry enabled him to give to the soa. a. vill cae 


have recognised the directness of the treatment and the firm grasp of 2 
structural details which they exhibit. The style too bears testimony __ 


to the same characteristics, for it is clear, simple, and precise, and is” 
destitute of th rishes orted to by those pigs 
knowledge of details i is wanting in thoroughness. 

In addition to pursuing his own investigations ee more ‘than : 
usual energy, Mr. Davis was ever Teady to stimulate and encourage 
the efforts of others i in their scientific pursuits, whether as. private 


individuals or as members of scientific societies. His wide | 


ae 


Ponce bs the peek of his irae Sng f ‘made him an : a 


NOTES AND NEWS. 3°7 


the inspection of all real students, the only passport to his sympathy 
being a genuine appreciation of scientific studies. 

Finally, a word may be said of the genial disposition and 
equability of temper that Mr. Davis invariably displayed, and the 
large-hearted hospitality with which he was wont to entertain his 
friends. On those occasions, the guests at Chevinedge invariably felt 
themselves to be the recipients of a welcome, the cordiality of which 
could scarcely be surpassed, and the memory of which will never be 
obliterated. Then, too, the shrewdness, the breadth of knowledge, 
and clear perceptions of the host shone conspicuously forth, while 
his light, harmless banter and sparkling humour added to the 
charms of the conversation on lighter topics 

As complete lists of Mr. Davis’s scientific publications have 
already appeared and are included in the bibliographies given from 
time to time in ‘The Naturalist,’ they need not be repeated here. 
It may nevertheless be mentioned that the most important are the 
section on Geology in ‘West Yorkshire,’ published by him and 
Mr. F. A. Lees in 1878, and his three monographs on Fossil Fishes, 
viz., ‘On the Fossil Fishes of the Mountain Limestone of Great 
Britain’ (1883), ‘On the Fossil Fishes of the Chalk of Mount 

Lebanon and Syria’ (1887), and ‘On the Fossil Fishes of the 
Tertiary and Cretace—Tertiary Formations of New Zealand’ (1888). 

His death took place on the morning of July 2oth, 1893, at 
_ Bridlington, and he was interred at All Saints, Salterhebble, near 
_ Halifax, on July 24th.—T. H. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 
_Yorkshiremen will be interested to learn that Mr. H. Speight, —_ of the 


val and recently issued history of Craven, which pad pit saline me 


ry 
Naturalist : bos! Ape last, and the whole edition mot wee, ve (ius ted) fi now 
_ Nearly engaged in the preparation of a complete (illustrat listory 
of he Nida” Valley, some part of which adjoins the he Craven a large 


‘proportion also is comprised within the . of Craven... ‘The book ae 
scientific oe 


: : will deal in a novel and — manner both with — and 
aspects of odor dee : 


| Mx. F. Amold Lees is preparing for this ak: one od the Apt ‘pp ca ed 
oo fo the oe of N' gia pense tig an an apy 


1d Less, at 80, Frank 


308 
DISAPPEARANCE OF 
THE GREAT BUSTARD IN LINCOLNSHIRE. 


JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.0O.U., 
Eaton Hall, Retford. 


THE very last appearance of this noble bird in Lincolnshire 1s 
unrecorded ; it probably took place in the early years of the present 
century. The Rev. Edward Elmhirst in a letter, dated Nov. zgth, 
1886, told me that he quite well recollected his father shooting 
Bustards and Ruffs and Reeves, on Thoresby Common, and his 
sending the former to Sir Joseph Banks, then living, about sixty-eight 
years ago. This would bring it down to 1818. Sir Joseph Banks 
_ died in 1820. At the commencement of this century the Lincoln- 
_ shire wolds had already been partly enclosed and cultivated, turnips 
being regularly grown in rotation. In the Middle Marsh (in which 
Thoresby is situated), and the coast marshes, the general enclosure 
of commons and open lands, and the consequent change of cultiva- — 
tion, took place many years later. These low-country commons were 
of great extent, and the chief crops were wheat and beans, very little 
else of any sort being grown. The beans were sown in the spring __ 
on winter ploughing, broadcast, and never weeded. [It is difficultin 
days of progressive farming and variety of cropping to realise the 
slovenly cultivation of these old times, and the breadth given up to — 
bean growing ; those who take an interest in the subject should read 
the ‘Agricultural Survey of Lincolnshire,’ published in 1799,as made 
by the celebrated Arthur Young, F.R.S., and secretary to the Board 
of Agriculture of the time. The large amount of shelter and privacy __ 
afforded by these wide areas of unweeded beans would be highly __ 
favourable to the protection of the few remaining Bustards still 
lingering on the coast and middle marshes of Lincolnshire, after 
they had disappeared from the wolds. ‘The Naturalist’ is now so 


books that they will be doing good service by extracting and 
publishing any small fonts Peek i. or — have 
-_-teference to - former ex 
. —, 


LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT 
WOODHALL SPA. 


THE second meeting of the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union was held 
at Woodhall Spa on Monday, August 7th. The district for investi- 
gation held out special attractions for almost all classes of naturalists, 
Owing to its very diversified nature. A fertile, agricultural district, 
yet abounding in large woods, waste moorlands, and the drains and 
marshy lands, so typical of Lincolnshire scenery, it well repaid the 
trouble of investigation. Considering that this was only the second 
meeting of the Union, the attendance was very good, and had it not 
‘been a Bank Holiday would doubtless have been much larger. 
Permission had been kindly granted by Mrs. Hotchkin, of Manor 
House, Kirkstead, and the Rev. J. Conway Walter, to the members 
of the Union to pass over their estates. 
Owing to the Bank Holiday ‘tripping element,’ most of the 
trains were late, and instead of a start being made at 10.20 a.m., as 
Originally arranged, it was nearly 11.30 before all got off. Leaving 
Kirkstead Station, the party, under the leadership of the Rev. J. 
Conway Walter, proceeded by a cross-country route to Woodhall 
Spa, then passing through the Spa grounds, along the beck side, past 
Mrs. Hotchkin’s wood to ‘Tower O’ Moor,’ and the Ostler plantations. 
Several of the members, including the conchologists and coleopterists 
_ (who generally form the rear-guard of a party of naturalists) did not — 
go over the whole of the route, but stopped nearer to Woodhall, and 
from their accounts seem to be well satisfied that they did so. 
- By 4 o'clock most of the members had returned to the 
e Eagle Hotel, at Woodhall, where, after doing ample justice to 
a ease tea, the sectional meetings w were held, followed a substantial at 
a0 hich M Pk Peron pees oe 
oe _ vote “of thanks to the landowners and also to the Gaya - ee 
: "Walter for 1 leading the y g been n passed, th oe 
a were then given. ee 
 . , For the Geological | Season, Mr F M. Burton, F is. se PGS, i its a 
_ President, reported as follows :— oe 
_. The Kimmeridge Clay, on whith Woodhall ‘Spa stands, covers 
a large area of that district of the county of Lincoln. It is eight to 
nine miles wide in parts, and attains a thickness of about 600 feet. 
_ This bed is the representative of the upper bn ssage in the county, ie 
_ there being no traces in it of tl nd sand and limestone which __ 


310 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. 


the Chalk series, a highly bituminous bed of shale gg Se 
sures. In this b 


to d muc s 
pe i In Dorsetshire—whence, from the village of Kimmeridge, 

e beds derive their name—these shales are so _ bituminous 

er they are occasionally used for fuel; and attempts have 

en made to obtain oil and other substahces from them. 
The thirst after coal in Lincolnshire has not, however, been 
altogether without its results, as, some years ago, a boring for it at 

Woodhall led to the discovery of the valuable saline well there, which 
is now so well known for its curative properties; a boon of far 
greater and wider worth than the finding of coal would have been, — 
had the search for it been successful. The Rev. J. Conway 
Walter, who so kindly and ably conducted the excursion, 
informs us that the properties of the spring were discovered 
when it welled up out of the borehole, and, spreading over the 
adjoining land, affected the cattle which drank of it. 

The clay is well exposed in some parts of this district in brick- 
pits and railway cuttings, swe Rene noe wee the exception of 
a disused pit filled with w. where several nodular masses of 
stone were met with, thickly rol with Serpula tetragona, and one 
of them having on its surface the impress of an ammonite too much 
worn for identification—and of another more ancient pit, said to 
have been excavated in Roman times, no kind of section was met 
with during the excursion. 

On crossing the heath and moorland, the burrowing of rabbits 
had occasionally turned up patches of fine pale-coloured sand, in 


parts slightly ferruginous, and having a considerable number of flints 


scattered about them; while, here and there, a few small erratics 
were seen, pointing to the influence of the ice action which has 5” ae 
materially altered the surface of this portion of the county. 
In connection with the ice drift, I should like to call the : 
attention of all interested in geology to the want of any 
Lincoln. — The Secretary of ‘the 


LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA, Sui 


only say I hope, now that the Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union 
is started and is likely to be a success, that this defect may be 
remedied, and I shall be glad to give any information in my power, 
as to the committee’s mode of working, to those who will interest 
themselves in the subject. 

The Botanical Section was officially represented by the Rev. W. 
Fowler, M.A., the President, and Rey. E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock, 
Secretary of the section, by the latter of whom the following 
account is written :— 

The Woodhall district has been so thoroughly worked, botanically, 
that nothing new is likely to turn up except ‘escapes,’ as Hypericum 
hircinum L.. and Campanula rapunculoides L. have done in the 
last few years. 

From sixty to seventy good things passed through the hands of 
_ the verifiers, from which the following list is selected :-— 


Lepidium campestre R.Br. Solidago virgaurea L. 
Lepidium smithii Hook Gnaphalium sylvaticum L 
Viola flavicornis Sm. Senecio sylvaticus L. 

Sa officinalis L. Hieracium umbellatum L. 
Drosera rotundifolia L. Hieracium re 
Drosera intermedia Hayne. Calamintha acinos Clairv. 
Epilobium macr m Leight. Galeopsis bifida Boenn. 
Epilobium parvifloram Schreb. Polygonum hydropiper L. 
Epilobium palustre Ei Alnus glutinosa Gaert. 
Circzea Iutetiana L. Narthecium ossifragum Huds. 
Pimpinella magna L. Juncus acutiflorus Ehrh. 
Valeriana sambucifolia icant 


The ponte plants, which certainly grow at Woodhall, were not 
ken :—Anagaillis pallida Hooker; Pedicularis sylvatica L., sp. in 
firmed. 


the County Herb. : Pinguicula vulgaris L., often con - 
After the meeting the Rev. J. C. Walter, of Woodhall Vicarage, ae 


presented his specimen of Silene guinguevulnera L. to the County — 


- ‘Herbarium. ‘It grew in a rough sandy field and has been 
_ “improved” away in making a lawn for the garden of the Victoria ee 
oodhall. 


a Hotel ; but fifty years ago it was met saaeegnise about: ‘és oo 
_. Mr. John Cordeaux, M.B.O.U., y rer he Vertebrate Te 


a tecticn, ‘and the Rev. J. Cc Walter, M A 
Wryneck, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, wild Turtle Dove, and 


 Hawfinch were common in the district, as also Snipe, Dabchicks, 


> Moorhens, Coots, and Wild Duck. The Black Game, which bred — : 
on the , is now extinct ; so is the Bittern. 


The I Buzzard and Hen-harrier are gone, but the Brown Owl and 


Night-jar are still common. The W Moodeoek Nereis here in the still . ae 
viv of the wild woodland. oe 


alighted at Woodhall Spa and g the road-side to 
_ Kirkstead. This road, a typical country road, and. evidently, — 


312 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. 


The Conchological sig was Officially represented by the 
sli Mr. F. W. Fierke, M.C.S., who furnishes the following 
report :—Conchological a were confined within a small area 
from Woodhall Spa, and a very poor result rewarded our efforts and 
the time spent in the locality. The dykes were completely dried up 
and a pond which looked very promising had also been considerably 
affected by the drought, thereby preventing its thorough investigation. 
In one little patch of water Vadletia /acustris was very plentiful, the 
majority of them being found upon the rushes growing in the pond. 
Flanorbus fontanus, too, occurred here, and a few specimens of 
LP. carinatus and Valvata cristata were taken in the scoop. The 
only other aquatic species we have to mention in order to complete 
this very meagre list is our old and familiar friend Limnea peregra, 
whom we seldom fail to meet. Laying the scoop aside, an examina- 
tion of the water’s edge resulted in placing on record a species of 
Succinea, the members of which genus form a kind of link between 
the terrestrial and aquatic mollusca, as they love to mount the | 
flags and rushes of the ponds and dykes or to spend their time 
in damp situations on the bank-side. The specimens we procured 
answered the description of S. putris. There has been little to 
report on the water snails, and as ececds the terrestrial mollusca 
we find even less. In addition to the Swecinea already mentioned, 
we noticed Arion minimus, Helix rotundata, H. hispida, 
Fyalinia cllaria, H. nitidula, and last, but not by any means 


fe 


discovery of the last-named species (taken on dead leaves in a hedge _ 

bottom) was the redeeming feature of an otherwise disappointing 
day’s work. It was also a record for the county. Summing up the © 
_ results, the terrestrial and aquatic mollusca had suffered alike from _ 
the extreme dryness of the season, and this fact alone accounts for 
the poor list obtained, as the district seeing speaking seems to be 
Sipe One, © . 


€ +h oe a fairly good 
time. Mr. R. W. Geiae 4 who. had: confined his attention 
- principally to the Lepidoptera, noted the Red Admiral, the Peacock, 
Common Blue, Wall Brown, Ringlet, and Small Heath butterflies. — 
_ Mr. Joseph Coe and Mr. Walter F Baker, idoasiaietied by an early train, 


: turbed by omnivorous | ‘coliectors,” abounded | in ‘numerous silken 
of Agelena labyrinthica 01 fine 


_ and not nocturnal, as 4. rufipes and most others. Philonthus eneus 


LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. 3t3 


only a single specimen was obtained. Butterflies, principally 
Meadow Brown, Small Heath, and Large and Small Whites were in 
great abundance along the road-side, and by sweeping the nettles which 
were abundant there, Coccinella 7-punctata and Halyzia 22-punctata 
were found, together with Afion pomone and Ceuthorrhynchus 
assimilis. Arriving at Kirkstead Station a dyke near to was 
carefully examined, but fydroporus fiat Anacena limbata, and 
fydrobius fuscipes were all that were obtain 

At 11.30, a second start was made re Woodhall Station, the 
number of Coleopterists having increased to three owing to the 
arrival of Mr. E. J. Slater. This time the way taken was through 
the Spa grounds and by the beck-side, intending to proceed to the 
Tower on the Moor, but the district proving to be remarkably good, 
not more than half the distance was passed over. Crossing the 
beck, just through the Spa grounds, into a small wood, some 
decaying fungi produced eéstotrophus murinus and Nitidula 
bipustulata, whilst by sweeping here Phedon cochlearia and Halpzia 
conglobata were added to the captures. A closely grazed grass field 
_ was then the scene of investigations. At this time the sun was very 
powerful, and the perfect grasshoppers were flying about in all 
directions, though their flight never appeared to be sustained for 
a greater distance than about ten yards, while the larvae, unprovided 
with wings, were trying to rival their elder brethren by their gigantic 
leaps. Whilst turning over some stercoraceous matter, a fine 
specimen of Leistotrophus nebulosus, evidently enjoying the bright 
_ Sunshine and drawn by the (at any rate to him) attractive 
smell, came flying up, and seemed to resent most fiercely being 
confined in a small glass test-tube when secured. The species _ 
of Aphodius were here very common, A. rufipes, A. ~~ 
A. JSetens, A. fossor, A. merdarius, A. ater, and subter- 


SS Sracticornis in abundance, being the first time that any of: ote po 


ae coleopterists present had seen this beetle alive. Instead of being 


a 7 Bagh 


ne same position, i I jer th k face, and one ee 


& specimen was on the outs i, se oa it had just flown saps a 


it appear as though diuttal in its habits, like. Aphodius Jfimetarius, ee 


was remarkably | common in similar — situations, and also “several 


__-B. proximus and Hister unicolor. Sweeping the long herbage on” 
_ the side of Mrs. Hotchkin’s wood only produced Apion cruentatum, 


: . jacobae, and Agriotes Nee Gupte a = 
and S.. . Cercyon ham alis, C. es . 


314 LINCOLNSHIRE NATURALISTS AT WOODHALL SPA. 


C. pygmaeus were also found, together with the variety semzstriatum 
of Spheridium bipustulatum with distinctly punctured striz on the 
elytra. Geotrupes spiniger was found here at an average depth of 
about four inches, owing to the hard nature of the ground. Under 
the loose bark on the fallen trunk of an ash-tree lying across the 
dyke Mycetophagus piceus was very abundant indeed. In colour it 
exactly matched the decaying wood, and the beetles seemed to be 
fully aware of the fact, and remained perfectly still until just as you 
were going to pick them up, and /fen livelier specimens could hardly 
be imagined, and if two commenced to run at the same time one of 
them was almost sure to escape. Proceeding along the wood side 
and crossing a small dyke in which Ve/ia currens was about the only 
visible sign of animal life, we came to a couple of ponds in a semi- 
dried up state. Loricera pilicornis was abundant round the edges, 


great speed and the boggy state of the pond edge. Here the soil 
became much looser, and several Geotrupes stercorarius were dug up 
from a depth of about twelve inches. A nest of ants with the winged 
males and females clustering round the outside was here seen, and 
then the time for tea arrived and a hurried return had to be made 
for the Eagle Hotel. Needless to say, the Swallow-tail Butterfly, 
once common in the swamps and by the river-side, was at obtains: 
Owing to the very dry state of everything, ‘stone-turnin 

of very little use, the only captures being Xantholinus ‘julviduss 

Harpalus eneus, Pterostichus madidus and P. niger, Calathus melano- 
cephalus, and under some stones in a dried up pond Agabus guttatus 
and A. dipustulatus. 


The section for Micro-Zoology and Botany was officially repre-— a 
a sented by Mr. J. Larder, who supplies the following — report:— 


Owing to the small attendance of workers in Micro-Zoology and 


Botany, the records were not numerous, but the following freshwater : 


alge, kindly identified by Mr. T. S. Smithson of Rochdale, — 


_ were obtained at Jordan’s Ponds, near Woodhall. The first threeare . 


_ hitherto unpublished records for the county :—Rhaphidium falcatum, 

‘wlespharium kutzingianum, Merismopedia glauca, Scenedesmus 
PE Pediastrum boryanum, ae ies Pandorina 
_ morum, and Conferva fontinalis. 


After the <i ae some private Hanes was SORES A ‘and oe 


a vote of thanks to : 
pelicans oe oe B 


man, Mr. F. M. ferent concluded - oe 


THE MOLLUSCA OF 
PENISTONE, SOUTH-WEST YORKSHIRE. 


LIONEL E. ADAMS, B.A., 
Northampton; Hon. Treasurer to the Conchological Society. 


THE following is a list of the shells which I have taken within five 
miles of Penistone, during the period of my residence there, from 
January 1889 to December 1892. The total number of species 
I am able to record is 35, composed of 9 slugs, 19 land and 
7 freshwater mollusca. 

Gunthwaite Wood is the only spot in this desolate region of 
millstone grit that is worth a search. Its chief features are the 
quantity of Hyalinia pura, and the tendency to white varieties of the 
ffyalinie. In summer the Scout Dam is always to be searched for 
curious forms of Limnea peregra and scalariform Planorbis albus. 

The slugs have been identified by Mr. W. Denison Roebuck. 
Arion ater. Very common. Var. drunnea. Gunthwaite. 

Arion subfuscus. Common in the district. 
Arion minimus. Common in the district, eactaity in Gunthwaite 


Wood. 
Arion hortensis. Common in gardens ; a single = of var. 
grisea. 
Arion circumscriptus. Very common, and very variable in 
colour. : 


‘maximus. Moderately common in a garden. 
Limax arborum. Cubley Wood; a = of var. memorosa 
in my garden at Rose Hill. 


 Agriolimax agrestis. Verycommon. Onone occasior I found — 


Var. migra in copula with a typical specimen. 
Agriolimax levis. Common in Gunthwaite Wood. 


: Vitrina pellucida. Common. Often cloudy. 


oS _ Hyalinia cellaria. Moderately common. Several oe of 
__var. a/bina in the district. 


i raga shea, Two es of var. viridans in Gunthwaite 


Hyalinia alliaria. Common ; : and the var. viridula ee oe 


a : Byala nitidula. ‘Common i in the district. 


31 6 NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA AT WINDERMERE. 


Hyalinia radiatula. Moderately rare. Cubley Wood. One 
specimen of var. viridescenti-alba. 

Hyalinia pura. Exceedingly common in Gunthwaite Wood. The 
number of var. margaritacea is nearly equal to that of the type. 

Hyalinia crystallina. Very common in the district. 

Hyalinia fulva. Very common in Gunthwaite Wood, and 
moderately rare elsewhere. 

Helix rotundata. Very common. Three or four white examples 
(var. alba), 

Helix aculeata. Moderately common in Gunthwaite and Cubley 
Woods. 


Helix nemoralis. Of the form J/ibe/lula 12 345 Abia Ls ; only 
known from the Huddersfield Railway Embank 

Helix hortensis. Cawthorne ; very local. 

Helix hispida. Rare. 

Vertigo substriata. One specimen in Gunthwaite Wood. 

Vertigo edentula. One specimen in Gunthwaite Wood. 

Clausilia rugosa. Common in Gunthwaite Wood. 

Cochlicopa lubrica. Moderately common. One specimen of 
var. Ayalina in Gunthwaite Wood. 

Carychium minimum. Common in  Gunthwaite Wood. 

_ Moderately so in Cubley Wood. 
Pisidium pusillum. Common in the district. 
Sphzrium lacustre. In a pond at Thurgoland. 


sorte: albus. Common in Scout Dam, in which, in 189%, 


I found several monst. scalariforme. . 

peregra. Common in the district ; expecully curious 
in Scout Dam, where most interesting forms exist, principally 
labose monstrosities ; also banded forms, caused by Dee 
of the shell when young. 2 

_ Limnza glabra. Ina pond at Ceaciand, with S. lacustre. aS 
Limnza truncatula. Common in the district. Var. mene ‘<a 

: a drain. ee 
— fluviatilis. Cubley Brook, and stream feeding bene 


am. 


ee 


_NOTE—LEPIDOPTERA. 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT 
KIRKBY MOORSIDE. 


THE ro4th meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union was held on 
Monday, July roth, at Kirkby Moorside, for the investigation of those 
three very pretty dales, Douthwaite-dale, Sleightholme-dale, and 
Kirkdale. 

Many of the members, tempted by the very promising nature of 
the district, or perhaps by the splendid scenery in the immediate 
neighbourhood, stayed the week-end at Kirkby, and some very good 
work was done before the majority of the members arrived on the 
Monday morning. The weather was not very encouraging, and 
about half-past eight when the party from Maiton and Scarborough 
arrived, a few drops of rain fell, but by the time the actual start was 
made from Kirkby Moorside Station at ten o’clock, the sun shone 
brightly, and everything seemed to promise a fine day, expectations 
which were realised with the exception of a heavy thunderstorm 
which passed over about one o’clock, and damped the garments, if 
not the ardour, of many of the party. 

Three routes had been arranged, but only two were followed. 

_ One party under the guidance of Mr. W. B. Havelock, head forester 

to the Earl of Feversham, proceeded by Kirkdale, up Skiplam, to 
Sleightholme-dale, returning by Fadmoor and Robin Hood Howl. 
This was a very numerous party, consisting probably of about forty 
gene 

The other party, consisting principally of geologists, and under 
the resend of Mr. W. Lower Carter, M.A., F.G.S., left Kirkby 

_ on the north side and proceeded by Manor Vale, then crossing over 
the country by the Gillamoor Road and passing the Hagg Farm to | 
_ Kirkdale betes ace and cmd: returned i erataiesess etpeiae and Cave 
- O spore - 


E ay meena BM, | 1. al. 11. Pees a 7 oe 


mesatin. i held, ret! 2 ES, Se Ge Bee 


oa See o ee 


se i eae had been made to hold this out in ae air, but 2 oo 


Oy Oe Bet 


the weather again caused an alteration in the plans, and it 
held in the long room of the King’s Head Hotel. Mr. J. H. 
_ Rowntree, of Scarborough, presided. As usual, ‘the minutes having 
been taken as read,’ the following new members were elected ee 
cS Mr. H. J. Johnston Lavis, M.D., Harrogate; Mrs ley 


y, Pickering Mr. William White, F.E.S.,Sheffield; 
jhe list of societies being called - he 


318 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT KIRKBY MOORSIDE. 


Bradford Naturalists’, Leeds Naturalists’, Goole Scientific, Concho- 
logical Society, Leeds Geological, Hull Field Naturalists, Harrogate 
and District, Ackworth School, Scarborough Philosophical, Hull 
Scientific, Hull Geological, Huddersfield Naturalists’, Scarborough 
Field Naturalists’, Leeds Co-operative Field Club. The total 
attendance was between sixty and mig 
he sectional reports were then presented. 

For the Vertebrate cinemas in the race of all its officers, 

Mr. J. Farrah reported as follows : 


Fox. Tree Creeper. Willow Wren 
Hare. a Song Thrush. 
Rabbit. Carrion Crow Blackbi 
Squirrel. ‘ Cuckoo. Swift (feeding young). 
: Common Wren. Swallow. 

Birds, 26. Yellow-hammer. House Martin. 
Blue Tit. Skylark. 
Tawny Owl. Tree Pipit. Reptiles, 3. 
Partridge. Lapwing. Frog. 
Starling, Hedge Sparrow. Toad. 
Sparrow. Whinchat. Smooth Newt. 
mmm Pied Wagtail. 


W. B. Havelock, of Helmsley, says that he found a nest of | 


the Woadedck containing four eggs in the spring of 1892, and he © 
has observed the Kingfisher breeding here. The same gentleman 


reports that the Badger and the Otter both have their homes in the a 


dense woods and streams that are so characteristic of this delightful - 
country 
ns behalf of the Conchological Section, in the absence of all 


its officers, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, F.L.S., reported that very 
little had been done during the day. Turning over stones for a fe 


laminata, Cl. rugosa, Cochlicopa lubrica, Helix hortensis, H. rotundata, 
| H. hispida, Hyalinia cellaria, H. crystallina, Arion ater, A. mt : a 
and Agriolimax agrestis, but the time available was very rimited. ce 
_ Mr. Water F. Baker brought fine examples of Zimax maximus and — 

_ L. marginatus (=arborum) found close to Kirkby Moorside, and 

Mr. John Braim brought Helix itala (= ericetorum), also from the ce 
“neighbourhood of Kirkby Moorside, which may be looked upon as — 


decidedly the t ng the day—out Se 


ee _ list be ie © slugs, and nine Pura shells, no water shells “ee 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT KIRKBY MOORSIDE. 319 


The following imagines were observed :—Pieris brassicae, 
P. rape, P. napi, Vanessa urtice, V. atalanta, Argynnis aglaia, 
Chor totius pamphilus, Satyrus janira, S. hyperanthus (some extreme 
varieties of the latter with ringlets scarcely discernible), S. seme/e 
(the last named species in considerable abundance on the slopes of 
Douthwaite- Dale), Lycena icarus, Larentia didymata, Ypsipetes 
elutata, Eubolia mensuraria (?), Tanagra cherophyllata, Xylophasia 
polyodon, Apamea oculea, Agrotis (?), Triphena pronuba, and 
Pterophorus ed The showery weather interfered with 
the success of the day, from I si I standpoint, and sugaring 
in the evening sie a failure. 

The coleopterists present were the Rev. W. C. Hey, Mr. Walter 
F. Baker, and Mr. Frank Colby. The captures were neither 


was fairly common in a wood about three miles no of 
Kirkby, and was apparently feeding on the wild  straw- 
berries. Oxytelus rugosus, Ocypus morio, and the strong-smelling 
O. brunnipes were fairly abundant. S7/pha atrata was found beneath © 
a stone in the valley of the river by Mr. Colby, and CArysomela 
varians, Philonthus atratus, and Dianotis cerulescens were also 
obtained, the last-named being under a stone in what had once 
doubtless been a little watercourse, but the extremely dry weather 
had made it quite hard and dry. Stercoraceous beetles were fairly 
common, but nothing worth mentioning was obtained. Aphodius 
rufipes was almost as common here as in the Hull district, whilst 
A. fimetarius, so common round Leeds, was only represented by 
isolated specimens. Geotrupes spiniger was the only Geotrupes 
obtained. Whether it was the unfavourable weather on the actual 
day, or the extremely dry weather we have hitherto had this year, | 


: the three coleopterists were only able to obtain some thirty odd 


species between them, a most unusually meagre lot even for Daly, = 
a when so many beetles are in the larval state. : 


For the Botanical eine Mr. Albert: H. Pawson, i its Secretary, a ce 


| ives the following report 
‘The streams which ow ‘ssuthidard into the Rye about Kinkby : 


| - Moorside and Helmsley have cut their way through the Oolitic Hills 


in a most singular series of valleys, famed for rare plants. The - 


waters for the most part take their rise on the Lias formation tothe | 


_ north, which, in spite of its lower its shales - : 
render moorland and waste, while 2 200 piiset abire on the e limestone oe 


a Soe and rich Lear etde are Heed . this: trorot - 


320 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT KIRKBY MOORSIDE. 


plateau each streamlet, neither hasting nor resting, has gnawed its 
way, and now flows in an almost level course in a flat valley, not 
much above the mean of the Derwent plain, hemmed in on either 
side by steep banks which may almost be called cliffs. These 
sloping sides are much covered with wood, and give delightful 
occupation to the botanist. In the Ouldray Valley, near Helmsley, the 
rare Actea and the green Hellebore almost engross one of these steeps, 
yet making room for their cousin Columbine on account of the kinship, 
and we found it very fitting that these three choice Ranunculids 
should grow together. Again, where the rock is exposed in crags, 
or strewn in fragments on the slope, herbs impatient of moisture find 
their home. Here it was in Douthwaite that the Hound’s Tongue was 
flourishing, and here the Deadly Nightshade assumed the proportions 
of a bush, while the Ploughman’s Spikenard grew at its feet. The 
flat bottoms of these valleys, floored with the insoluble particles of 
the rocks above, are often retentive of water, and form swamps which 
yield sedges and rushes and other water-loving plants. The lovely 
Grass of Parnassus was here and the tender Bog Pimpernel, and in 
one marshy spot far from any homestead the Yellow Mimulus was 
luxuriating as though it had never known the shelter of a cottage 
garden, 


Other noteworthy plants which were observed —Vicia 
sylvatica, Paris guadrifolia, Convallaria mazailis, pep oa 
Scutellaria galericulata, Epilobium angustifolium, Myrrhis sashes 


Epipactis palustris, Sein paludosa, Scabtosa columbaria, Cerastiu 
trinerve, Pinguicula vulgaris, Geum intermedium, Festuca posi 
Hordeum sylvaticum, Triodia decumbens, Triglochin palustre, Blysmus — 
compressus, Scirpus sylvaticus, Carex flava, C. pulicaria, C. pallescens, 
C. remota, C. panicea, C. paniculata, Polystichum aculeatum. 
On 


the previous day some of mgs party gathered Contum 
maculatum and Echium vulgare at Helmsley Castle and at 


He 

Rievaulx Abbey, and Daphne inne and Ribes alpinus ude oe 
the latter place. eS 
The geological report was presented be Mr. W. Lower Carter, o 
M.A., F.G.S., and the following account is written by the Secretaries _ 

of the Geobeion Section, Messrs. W W. Lower pias M. A. — 
and John W. Stather, F.G.S.:-— A 

Kirkby Moorside lies on the morhem edge of the reat ee 


YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT KIRKBY MOORSIDE. 321 


The remarkable course of the Derwent—which, rising near the 
coast, flows westward instead of taking the valleys to the east—is 
a well-known instance of erratic river-flow, and points to an exten- 
sion of high land much further to the eastward in the early period of 
the formation of this vale. The whole of the drainage of this oval 
area is carried away by the Derwent through the gorge at Malton, 
and in the opinion of many observers this basin was once a lake or 
great sea-loch. : 

On either side of Kirkby Moorside a se sinuous valley 
Tuns northwards, cutting deep grooves into the table-like hills 
and exposing interesting sections of the Middle and Lower Oolitic 
beds, which dip gently to the south and are exposed in order as we 
pass northwards. The Lower Oolites, which in this area consist of 
a great series of estuarine, marine, and freshwater beds, are divided 
into three series, ‘each of which is capped by a thin but well-marked 
band full of marine fossils’ (Fox-Strangwayes), are exposed at the 
northern extremities of these valleys, but in their lower reaches the 
beds seen are confined to the Middle Oolites. It is to these that 
the attention of the Geological Section was principally directed. 
Immediately above the dark shales of the Cornbrash (the topmost 
bed of the Lower Oolites) comes the Kellaways rock, which in this _ 
area has a thickness of about 70 feet, and ‘is a tolerably massive 
sandstone which is ferruginous and fossiliferous in the upper part.’ 
Above this comes the Oxford Clay, which in this area is a grey, 
sandy shale, ‘lithologically very unlike its equivalent in the South 

of England,’ Its fossils are few in number and badly preserved. 
The Lower Calcareous Grit, about 150 feet in thickness, in this 
area consists of a massive sandstone which passes gradually into the 
_ Oxford Clay beneath, and becomes ‘more calcareous in its upper 


part until it passes into the true limestone above.’ Above this come 


the Passage Beds, which in this area lose much of the distinctness _ 


which characterises them more to the east, and are ‘ less ferruginous 
and rather more massive in character.’ The capping rock of a great 


thick-bedded limestone ‘ composed 


part of the tabular hill above Kirkby is the Coralline Oolite, a massive _ 


- @ great number of ee This: limestone is divided into two 
principal beds, separated by a set of sand the Middle 


 Calcareous Grit. Kirkby Moorside itself stands on the Upper — 
_ Calcareous Grit, whilst the rising ground immediately above the - 
town, to east, west, and south, is capped by blue Kimeridge Clay. — 


- This clay is supposed to underly the greater part of the alluvial and 


of minute oolitic grains with 


c — beds ee Vale ar despot bars is sai Asttagrinege in ee 


322 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT KIRKBY MOORSIDE. 


The Boulder Clay in the neighbourhood of Kirkby is not more 
than a few feet thick. It is exposed in the railway cuttings, and 
consists of stiff clay with erratic boulders. 

In the Coralline Oolite of this area there are many caves, one 
of which—the Cave of Kirkdale—is celebrated by the researches of 
Buckland. ‘This cave, which is situated at the entrance to Kirkdale, 
contained an extensive accumulation of bony remains covered by 
a deposit of mud, the whole overlaid by stalagmite. ‘It is situated 
about half-way up the face of the quarry along an irregular line formed 
at the junction of the Chemnitzia limestones with the more earthy 
limestones above. . . . It is probable that at this horizon in the 
limestone are formed the numerous ‘swallows’ or underground 
channels, in which most of the streams in the neighbourhood lose 
a part or all of their water, and if the denudation of these valleys 
was carried roo feet lower, it is probable that a fine series of caves 
would be exposed in this region’ (Fox-Strangwayes). No human 
remains or traces of human workmanship have been found in this 
cave, nor is there evidence of more than one period of occupation by 
predacious beasts (Phillips). It would appear to have been a hyzna 
den, most of the bones being well gnawed, and the proportion of 
hyzena remains being exceptionally large. Twenty-seven species of 
mammalia and birds were found.’ 

The Geological Section left Kirkby Moorside by the Manor Vale, 
then crossed to Kirkdale by way of the Gillamoor Road and Hagg 
Farm, worked down Kirkdale from the Hold Chaldron Mill to the 
Cave, and then back to Kirkby by the low road. The divisions of 
the Middle Oolite examined during the day were :-— 

1.—The Upper Calcareous Grit, 
2.—The Upper Limestone. 
3-—The Middle onions Grit. 
a 4-—The Lower Limest oe 
. The Upper Calcareous Grit was seen in the Manor Vale, oe 
: caring the cliff opposite the ruined castle. poe 


A peculiar argillo-calcareous stone of very unequal development oe 
called locally ‘The Throstler,’ was also noted here, forming 
_ a narrow band between the Upper Calcareous Grit and the Upper 
Limestones. In a quarry near Hagg Farm this same rock was 


oe observed to be at least twelve feet thick. 
“7 i The Upper Limestone was also best seen in the Manor vale, oe 
; poe in the quarry at the north end of the valley. Herethe 
eathered surfaces showed a mass of ome ma ee to Lapeaiacre | 
, defying extraction. 


NOTE—ORNITHOLOGY. 323 


4. The Lower Limestones. The best sections of this division 
were also seen in the Hodge Beck, between the Hold Chaldron 
Mill and the Kirkdale Church. 

Many of the streams in this district flow underground for some 
distance, leaving their courses above-ground quite dry, excepting in 
wet seasons. This was observed to be the case with the Hodge 
Beck, for, just below the Hold Chaldron Mill, it disappears bodily 
into a swallow-hole. 

Perhaps, in some respects, the most interesting item in the day’s 
proceedings was the visit to the celebrated Kirkdale Cave. Since 

_ the time of Buckland about thirty feet of it have been quarried away, 
and it is now of little interest, excepting in its associations, 
However, several members of the section, armed with candle and 

_ braving all discomfort, entered, and managed to crawl and wriggle 
a distance of twenty or thirty yards. 

The geologists were much indebted to their local guide, 

B 


Mr. Bowes. 

Fossils observed or collected : a 
Belemnites abbreviatus. Pecten fibrosus. 
Ammonites plicatilis. Pecten vagans. 
Chemnitzia hedidingtonensis. Terebratula sp. 
Nerinza sp. Cidaris florigemma (spikes). 
Cerithium muricatum. Pseudodiadema versipora. 
Trochus, Pygaster umbrella. 
Pleurotomaria. Echin scutatus, 
Exogyra nana. Stylina tubulifera. 
Gervillia aviculoides. la laris 
oe ovalis. Isastrzea explanata. 

Lima sp. : concinna, 


Besides others undetermined. 
Mr Ai. Pawson then Peopoeed. a vote of thanks to the land- — 


ee oe |" NOTE—ORNIT. '‘HOLOG Y. 
14 Flamborough Bird-Notes.—The fishermen inform me that large quantities 
Of Sea Swallows (Sterna) are frequenting our coast this as eens more 0 the: 
oS any for years; also | aters, both M 
Puffinus anglorum and P. mayor). Not “eaficquently the Sabine's Galls 
. peng sabinii) make their ee oe ; me of the fishermen 
oe agen degen fisherman, shot a Sabine’ Gall 
i, ne es Rock Doves (Celie va) re aso very 
ntiful this season ; thousands are nr ght 


NEWTON’S DICTIONARY OF BIRDS. 

| Dictio: f Birds | by | eager NEWTON | assisted by he Hans 

Gapow | with contributions from | RicHarD LyDEKKER, B.A., F.G.S., 

CuHartes S. Roy, M.A., F.R.S., | an se | RoperT W. SHUFELDT; rs 

(late United States i | Part IT. | — ) | London: | Adam and 

Charles Black. | 189 

Since the notice of Part I. of this important book in the present 
volume (p. 252) of ‘The Naturalist,’ Part IT. (GA—-MOA) has been 
issued. It is scarcely necessary to say that the high standard of 
Professor Newton’s work has been more than maintained, for it is 


combining all the oldest and all the latest information in connection 
with practical and scientific ornithology. 

Part II. of ‘A Dictionary of Birds’ contains two papers of 
special interest and importance—Professor Newton’s learned and 
exhaustive article of over 53 pages on ‘Geographical Distribution,’ 
and the equally capable and scholarly treatise under the head of 
‘Migration,’ which latter, in our opinion, is the clearest and most 
satisfactory explanation (as far as the matter is capable of being 
explained) which has so far appeared in connection with the  daees 
mystery of the animal kingdom. 


Amongst the numerous shorter notices in Part II. it is difficult to 7 
make a distinction, but we would particularly call the attention of 


the reader to Teeaae stil ahaa reference to the family groups 
of ‘Goose, ‘Grebe,’ ‘Grouse,’ ‘Heron,’ ‘Hornbill, ‘Humming — 
Bird,’ ‘Jay’; that Ae creature the ‘ Kiwi,’ the ‘Lammer- ee 
geyer,’ Laks the Australian ‘Lyre-bird,’ and the ‘ Megapodes’ ; a 
also the concluding portion of the ‘Gare-fowl’ commenced in Part L | 
__ A third and fourth part will complete the work, which is ‘intended 
to form one handy demy octavo volume of about 1,000 pages 5 
In conclusion, we can only repeat, after seeing Part IL, el 
when completed it must prove an _ indispensable handbook for the — 
student and country g hould ce  . 
to pass unread by anyone who pretends to care for ornithology, and 
is desirous of obtaining correct and 1 jC. 


| gNOPES AND EWS. 


S25 


AN ACCOUNT OF SOME OF THE 
RARER PLANTS FOUND IN AND AROUND 
SPILSBY, NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE. 


ji Tc BURGESS, LERLCP, EES, 
Spilsby. 


THE work of a busy medical man in a country practice offers special 
facilities for the observation of the indigenous flowers abounding 
within his botanical district, which is the ten-mile radius surrounding 
the place where he dwells. I myself can vouch that many a journey, 
otherwise weary and monotonous, has been made interesting and 
Profitable by allowing the thoughts to be attracted to these beautiful 
wildings of nature. For the past fifteen years I have, in a quiet sort 
of way, been observing and recording the various natural phenomena 
of the district, such as the arrival and departure of the migratory 
birds, the advent of insects, the first opening of flowers, and all the 
peculiar freaks of nature in the floral and animal world. 

What is more to the point in the present paper, I have ever been 
on the look-out for our less common plants and unrecorded varieties. 
Altogether I have observed nearly 450 species and varieties, and 
_ these I have carefully painted i in water-colours from living specimens. 
_ The collection formed in this manner has received very flattering 

‘Rotice from the many naturalists who have inspected it, and this has 
Prompted me to publish the following list. It consists of a selected 
hundred of the rarer plants, most of which are found in the Spilsby 
district, but in order to include specimens from the shore and 


_ estuaries, the area has been extended another five or six miles in 


. a direction chiefly N.E., E., and S.E. In choosing this number 
ao i Bales pleased to find that some of them are still ‘ first records,’ which _ 
& remarkable, considering the many years I have delayed in 


_ Surprisingly full of ‘new records.’ 
__ The Spilsby district, I ought to say, ‘oie special fwellies to the 
turalist and botanist, on account of its diversity of configuration 
oo il. It is made up of wold, with both sand and chalk oindiag 
. tion ; of fen—peat-—with its artificial drains; of marsh—silt—with 
its innumerable watercourses and, allowing for an extended area © 
eastward, of shore, with its boundary of sand and shingle ; and lastly, 
__ Of estuary, with its stretch of muddy flats; all these replete with 
3 pes: life, more or less peculiar, of their own. : 


publi hing and the late date of Mr. Lees’ ‘Outline Flora,’ which i . . as 


not claim to say actually PEE every” oe : -o 
collection, as I have | n much assisted by the efforts 


326 BURGESS : RARER PLANTS OF SPILSBY. 


of kind friends. I take this opportunity, therefore, of acknow- 
ledging the valuable aid I have received from everyone, and, more 
especially, from Mr. J. Jarvis Rainey, of Spilsby, whose untiring 
researches during the last two or three seasons have been rewarded 
by some speciaily good finds. 

The order in which my list is arranged and named is practically 
that of the Eighth Edition of the London Catalogue. Where this 
has not been followed, the authors whose names have been used are 
given, and, where circumstances justify, special remarks added. 


Thalictrum minus var. maritimum. Lesser Meadow Rue. 
1882. A few scattered plants were found on the sea bank 
at Croft. 

Thalictrum flavum. Yellow Meadow Rue. 1881. Two 
plants were gathered on the border of a plantation at East Keal 
CG 


se. 
Helleborus viridis. Green Hellebore. A solitary specimen 
of this somewhat rare plant was discovered in a plantation at 
Hundleby, by Mrs. Burgess, in 1882, and has been under 
observation ever since. It also grows freely on a bank at 
Gunby, but here is probably a garden escape. : 
Delphinium Ajacis. Field Larkspur. In 1880 one plant 
was found on some waste ground near the wind-mill at Hundleby- 
Seed probably blown out whilst dressing corn. 
Papaver dubium. Long Smooth-headed Poppy. 
1880 a few straggling specimens were gathered from an old | 
garden wall at Eresby. ee 
Corydalis bulbosa. Solid Bulbous Fumitory. Appeared — . 
in 1880 in two places near Spilsby. Probably garden escapes. 
Corydalis claviculata. Climbing Corydalis. 1880. Seen — 
for several years in a ede tow" at West Keal, but has now — 
disappeared. A first record. eee oe 
_Sisymbrium Thaliana. Thale Cress. 13382. On a o 
sandy bank at Toynton All Saints, oe 3 be 
Cochlearia Anglica. English ea Grass. 1892. On 
the banks of the tidal portion of the Witham, Boston. _ e 
Thlaspi arvense. Penny Cress. 1891. A few —— oe 
_ were © found j ina os drove at Thorpe. — 1 
n _Coronopus. Wart Cress. . 1879. Grew 2 as a L weed 
oe aor waste Aree emt - 4 


BURGESS: RARER PLANTS OF SPILSBY. 327 


Cerastium arvense. Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. 1836. 
On the sand-banks south of Skegness. 

Arenaria peploides Smith. Sea Purslane. 1886. Between 
high-water mark and the sand-banks at Skegness. 

Arenaria rubra Smith. Purple Sandwort. 1879. Ina field 
near the sand-pits off Partney Road, Spilsby. Observed three 
or four seasons, 

Arenaria marina Roth. Sea Sandwort, 1888. On the mud 
flat near Gibraltar Point, at the north corner of the Wash. 
Common. 

Claytonia perfoliata. 1892. Extends the whole length ot 
a hedge-row in the parish of Hundleby. This rare plant has 
been under observation at least fifteen years, and was probably 
introduced in foreign corn. It now grows extensively and seems 
quite naturalised. A first record for North Lincolnshire. 

Hypericum humifusum. Trailing St. John’s Wort. 1880. 
On a bank at Hundleby. Observed three or four seasons, but 
now extinct. 

Malva moschata. Musk Mallow. 1886. Grows freely in 
a small plantation near the river at Sausthorpe. 

Geranium lucidum. Shining Crane’s-bill. 1886. At the 
root of an old tree in Mavis Enderby Churchyard. 

Erodium cicutarium. Hemlock Stork’s Bill. 1892. On 
a bank on the Hundleby Road, Spilsby, and apparently like 
specimens on the sand-hills near Gibraltar Point. Observed 
twelve or fifteen years. 

Oxalis Acetosella. Wood Sorrel. 1882. On a bank at 
Hundleby. Seen several years. 


_ _ Impatiens” iflora. Balsam. 1889. Ao rare plant, with 


small vellen oom growing on some waste land at East Keal. ee 
_Possibly an escape from cultivation. A first record. : 


oS : : Medicago sativa. Lucerne. 1889. On the border of a field 


at Old Bolingbroke. Most probably an escape. 


Trifolium arvense. Hare’s-foot Trefoil. T890. Ona hank 
at West Keal; also ina field at Hundleby. 


: - Vici a lathyroides. Spring Vetch. 1879. This rare little 


plant cropped up for a few seasons in two or three parts of the | 
district, but soon disappear red, so that a special journey of — 


= miles to the sea-bank at Wasa had to be undertaken oo 


to 2 pee) a — for aacanece ee 
Nov. 1893. 


328 BURGESS: RARER PLANTS OF SPILSBY. 


Prunus avium. Wild Cherry. 1879. In a wood at Well, 
near Alford. 

Poterium sanguisorba. Burnet. 1890. On the borders of 
a small plantation at Firsby, and in a field at Ashby. Observed 
many years. 

Potentilla fravariastrum. Strawberry-leaved Cinquefoil. 
1891. On a bank at East Keal. Still growing there. 
Potentilla argentea. Hoary Cinquefoil. 1892. At Halton 

Holegate. 

Fragaria vesca. Wood Strawberry. 1879. In Well Woods, 
near Alford. 

Geum rivale. Water Avens. 1891. Ona bank at Hundleby. 
Observed 12 or 15 years. 

CEnothera biennis. Evening Primrose. 1886. Waste 
ground in Spilsby. A garden escape. 

Circza lutetiana. Enchanter’s Nightshade. 1838. For 
two or three seasons flourished as a weed in a garden at 
Hundleby. 

oo spicatum. Spiked Water Milfoil. 1391. 

he drains about Skegness. 

a dioica. White Bryony. 1879. Observed a few 
seasons growing in a hedge-row on Bolingbroke Hill. 

Sedum acre. Biting Stone-crop. 1890. On the sea-bank 
near the junction of Skegness and Croft parishes. 

Saxifraga tridactylites. Rue-leaved Saxifrage. 1831. 
Observed two seasons in Spilsby Churchyard. 


Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Marsh Penny-wort. 1880. In a 


shes at Toynton St. Peter’s (Fen-side). a 

3 maritimum. Sea Holly. 1889. Grows sparingly 

on the sea- -bank, Chapel St. Leonard’s. ok ee 
Apium nodifiorum. Procumbent Marsh-wort. 1890. In 


small streams at Halton Holegate and other parts of the district. = “ 
The leaves are sometimes oe mistaken for those of 


the Water Cres 
Valeriana Sob: “Small Marsh Valerian. 1880. Seen — 
a _ several years in a small stream at Hundleby. Ce 
2 Stistent Marianum. Milk Thistle. 1880. At Mavis a 

Enderby an and Bolingbroke. Most likely ees escapes. io 
0: Woolly + Headed 7 - “3892. ee 


BURGESS: RARER PLANTS OF SPILSBY. 329 


Centaurea Calcitrapa. Star Thistle. 1890. Observed two 
seasons in a meadow at Low Toynton. Absentin 1892. A first 
record. 

Achillea Ptarmica. Sneeze-wort. 1886. Ina disused garden 
at Hundleby. 

Senecio sylvaticus var. auriculatus. Viscid Groundsel. 
1890. Large quantities in Halton Fen. First record. 

Aster tripolium. Sea Starwort. 1888. On the sea bank at 
Addlethorpe, also at Gibraltar Point. Common. 

Petasites fragrans. Fragrant Butter-bur. 1879. Growing 
quite wild in Spilsby churchyard. Observed at least twelve 
years. 

Cichorium intybus. Chicory. 1890. In Thorpe Fen. 

Picris echioides. Bristly Ox-tongue. 1390. Two or three — 
places in Hundleby. 

Campanula rapeneD ies, Creeping Bell Flower. 1890. 
Spilsby. Garden escap: 

Campanula mn ike 1881. Several plants cropped up 
for one season in a field of clover at Spilsby. A first recor 
Campanula patula. Spreading Bell Flower. 1880. A single 
Specimen was found on Blue Hill Side, Spilsby. A first record. 
Vinca major. Greater Periwinkle. 18381. In a hedge-row 

at Ashby. Most probably a garden escape. 

Vinca minor. Lesser Periwinkle. 1880. This little plant 
grows wild in a plantation bordering on the moat which formerly 
surrounded the old castle at Eresby, Spilsby. 

nia perfoliata. Perfoliate Yellow-wort. 1886. Two 
£ aake were found growing on the chalk near the Mavis ene 
Cross Roads, but only appeared one season. 


Gentiana amarella. Autumnal Gentian. — 890. Found in a . 
abundance on the penile of the see road leading from Brinkhill oe 


to Dexthorpe. 


Menyanthes trifoliata. Buck Bean, or - Marsh Trefoil. ae 


1689. Grows freely in some boggy ground on a hill-side at 

. on. 

- Polemonium ceruleum. Greek Valerian. 1330. A in 
_ plants grew for two seasons in a green lane at Spilsby. iene 

antes escapes. ee 


egia soldanella. Sea E B indy sed “1890. This elegant : 


S oral still grows: wild ona a limited portion of Me sea-bank ee : | 


83° BURGESS: RARER PLANTS OF SPILSBY. 


Skegness, but, owing to the bank being let off for building 
purposes, is threatened with obliteration. 

Solanum nigrum. Garden Nightshade. 1886. A few 
specimens were found on the sea-bank at Skegness, and more 
recently at Gibraltar Point. 

ycium barbarum. Tea Tree? 1890. There are a few 
bushes growing apparently quite wild on the sea-bank at Mable- 
thorpe, and at Sausthorpe, which is probably a garden escape. 

Datura stramonium. Thorn Apple. 1887. An isolated 
plant grew quite wild amongst the grass in Spilsby churchyard. 
Other specimens have since cropped up as weeds in various 
_ gardens about Spilsby. 

Hyoscyamus niger. Henbane. 1883. This medicinal plant 
was at one time quite common on the land side of the sea-bank 
in the parish of Skegness, but owing to the search after it by 
herbalists it has become almost extinct. It may, however, still 
be found at Gibraltar Point. 

Verbascum thapsus. Mullein. 1879. A sporadic plant on 
some waste ground near Spilsby. It frequently springs up as 
a weed in gardens, on old walls, etc., but can scarcely be 
considered as a native here. 

Verbascum blattaria. Moth Mullein. 1879. An odd 

specimen was found in a shrubbery at West Keal, having 
probably been introduced amongst other seeds. : 

inum majus. Sna on. 1891. Although fre- 
“quently found growing on the tops of old walls, etc., it is 
probably only an escape from cultivation and cannot be chanics 
as a native. 

Pedicularis sylvatica. Lousewort. 1890. In a damp field : 
at Hundleby, near the river; also in the parish of Raithby, 
near Hagg Beck. 


Melampyrum pratense. Yellow Cow-wheat. | sSigeie In ‘ 
ae the parish of Aby, near , Allard oe a 
- Calamintha Clinopodium. Wild Basil. In the 
green lane leading south from Raithby Hill cay ‘still ane - 

pee ation. 


drys. ‘Wild Thyme. . 1870 On a chalky 
‘bank a at South edeieeia Rare. . 
lis. Calamint. 18%. On a “bank at 
a, and more recently at Halton Holegate. 2 
.C pices o 1889. On the road side st a 

> plait wa ‘ander obesres ion for several but 

_ A first record. 


a : cS ae 


BURGESS: RARER PLANTS OF SPILSBY. 331 


Salvia pratensis. Meadow Clary. 1888. On a bank at 
Partney. Garden escape. 

Scutellaria galericulata. Skull-cap. 1879. On the bank of 
a small stream in Peasgood Lane, Halton; also one specimen 
in Toynton Fen, a few years later. 

Marrubium vulgare. White Horehound. 1891. Occa- 
sionally found on the road-side leading from Skegness to 
Gibraltar Point. 

Leonurus cardiaca. Mother-wort. 1890. On the sea-bank 
at Chapel St. Leonard’s. 

Lamium purpureum var. alba. White variety of the Red 
Dead Nettle. 1880. This rare little plant grew for many 
years on a bank on the Hundleby Road, Spilsby, but is, I fear, 
dying out. 

Lamium maculatum. Spotted Dead Nettle. 1836. Ona 
bank at Claxby. Apparently wild. 

Galeopsis speciosa. Yellow Dead Nettle. 1892. In Welton 
Wood. 


Teucrium scorodonia. Wood Sage. 1891. On a bank at 
Hagworthingham. 

Echium vulgare. Viper’s Bugloss. 1879. This showy plant 
appeared several seasons on the borders of a chalk-pit at 
Langton. 

Lithospermum arvense. Gromwell. 1880. In a corn-field 
at East Keal. Appeared two or three seasons. 

Myosotis versicolor. Parti-coloured Scorpion Grass. 
1879. On the border of a corn-field at Hundleby, and 
occasionally in other parts of the district. oe 

Primula caulescens Bab. Oxlip. 1890. In the fields and 

- woodlandjglades about Gunby. Rare. fe 
meria maritima. Thrift. 1888. ose the sand-banks at 
Sutton-on-Sea. ee. 
Statice genuina S Sea Lveuder: eta On the 
oe muddy flats at tepe ao of the Witham, bo ee 
Plantago: maritima. Seaside Plantain. 1892. On the 
banksZof the tidal portion of the Witham, Boston. _ 
? Utricularia vulgaris. Bladderwort. 1888. In a drain at 


ee laureola. ‘Spurge Laurel. 1890. ‘Several shrubs 


were growing quite wild in the — about a and we 


under eases: m several s 


332 NOTES—LEPIDOPTERA. 


Aristolochia clematitis. Birthwort. 1892. Found ina hedge- 
row at West Keal. First record. 


Ceratophyllum submersum. Hornwort. 1888. In a pond 
at Skegness. 


Orchis latifolia. Marsh Orchis. 1889. In some moist 
ground amongst sedge and reed at Little Steeping. 

Listera ovata. Tway-blade. 1886. Ina small plantation at 
Enderby Cross Roads, also in Well Wood. Somewhat rare. 

Epipactis latifolia. Broad-leaved MHelleborine. 1890. 
Welton Wood. 

Ornithogalum nutans. Drooping Star of Bethlehem. 
1892. On a bank at East Keal, also at Halton Holegate. 
Most likely garden escapes. 

Scilla verna. Vernal Squill. 1879. A few bulbs were found 
growing together in a small plantation at Eresby, Spilsby, and 
were brought home and kept under cultivation. None have 
since been found wild. 

Eriophorum angustifolium. Cotton Grass. 1891. ‘This 
peculiar little plant flourished for several seasons in a bo 
piece of ground near the springs at Hundleby, but is now 
rig aa scarce. 


NOTES—LEPIDOPTERA. 
Sphinx convolvuli in Sayama 1893.—I have heard of Jiare captures of 
this very fine and ge moth recently in Yorkshire—viz., two at York 
and one at —— "Hewert, 12, Howard Street, York, ‘Oct. aid, 1893. 


t has probably me ders te the ae 


: atropos at Goole.— 
entomologist that the by a em of the ‘Death's Fh Head Mot 
plentiful. ur e brought T. 


< 


: Death's Head Hawk Moth in Yor ELITE So imens of this moth — 
(Acherontia strpos have been recently taken in the ral. copet ond neg 


: at York, = nd Driffield. —Wittiam Hewerr, 12, Hoar Sts fo we 
23rd, 1893. 


- and ‘Tiehson At the 
Society Society of Lagi Mr. ers South yeted a 
——— in lean spine se oe 


: ‘ t 
and the le innub 
Derb: yshire, ie ‘Mr. ‘Blogs, in in Jay 1893. H. Goss 


ee Deiopeia pulchella at ve —Whilst ‘sia Se So 
ae Mr. tes it Eee ea rs — Se 


333 
Su Wemoriam. 


GEORGE ROBERT VINE. 
Microscopic Geology has just recently lost one of its most 
enthusiastic and ardent supporters—one well known to all readers of 
‘The Naturalist,’ and as well appreciated for his valuable and 
extensive original contributions to the ‘ Proceedings of the Yorkshire 
Geological and Polytechnic Society’; we refer to Mr. G. R. Vine, of 
Sheffield. A brief notice of his death appeared in our September 
number, p. 282, but since then we have been enabled to secure 
the following summary of his life and labours. 

Mr. Vine was born in Portsmouth, Oct. zoth, 1825. His 
parents were poor, but brought up their children in_ strict 
conformity with their religious beliefs, and with such a sense 
of honour and honesty that their son George never wavered 
from the paths of upright dealing with his fellow men. He 
found in the National School in Portsmouth a place where the 
rudiments of education could be obtained for a few pence per week, 
and for a short time he was a diligent pupil at that institution. Like 
all school boys, he got into numerous and frequent scrapes, but took 
full benefit of the advantages there offered, which, at the best, were 
far inferior to those of the present day. Soon, however, he had to 
bid ‘ good-bye’ to school and commence daily work, but his desire for 
knowledge was not to be allayed, and, procuring a Latin and a Greek 
grammar, he became familiar with the elements of these languages. 
Poetry and history were his favourite subjects, and his memory for 
what he had read was truly marvellous; he would often recite 
lengthy rome from a poet without having seen the book for ten 


or more to him, but into 


almost every sco ihe branch of learning he prt more or less 


extensively. No particular subject, however, had as yet seized upon a 
_ his =n, though his reading became more and more general, and 
_ the consequent breadth of thought and sympathies brought him into 


contact with many men of ability. With W. J. Linton he was very — 


— intimate, and many others well known in the ‘forties and fifties’ 


were his almost c t He was connected with the 


: WEIS LIS al 


: - movement for hie ‘abolition of the tax on knowledge, with the . 


Chartist cause, with noted foreigners—Kossuth, Mazzini, and others. 
But, at last, becoming tired of - and of the many vagaries _ 


ne ‘So freely conainaarene at the time, he began 1 ete down.’ His 


- ‘Treland —— 1853, as the manager of a corset manufactory in oe 2 
_ Athlone. Here he was located in — of a fine limestone — 


bly until he arrived i in = 


334 IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE ROBERT VINE, 


region and was naturally attracted by the number of fossils obtainable 
from the neighbouring quarries. Thirty-five or forty years ago, then 
he commenced that work in Geology which only terminated with his 
life last month. His collection of Mollusca from Central Ireland is 
almost unique, and of these specimens he was always very proud. 
Twenty years ago his attention was directed from general to 
microscopic Geology. In exchange for a number of theological 
magazines, he received, from the Rev. W. Howchin, of Morpeth, a 
series of samples of washings from Carboniferous Limestone quarries in 
South Scotland and Northumberland. With characteristic enthusiasm 
he exclaimed, after glancing at the material through a little pocket 
glass, ‘ Here is a new world to me!’ In an incredibly short time he 
had become familiar with the commoner forms of Foraminifera, 
under the generous guidance of Mr. Howchin. The Polyzoa 
puzzled him, and, upon making a few enquiries, he was told that 
little was known about this branch of work and that he had better 
commence investigations for himself. Phillips’ Geology of Yorkshire, 
McCoy’s Carboniferous Fossils, and other works were all consulted, 
but with little success, and so, at last, he commenced in ‘Science 
Gossip, for 1577, a few papers summarising the state of knowledge - 
on Fossil Polyzoa, and offering a few of his own observations on the 
matter. Naturally, these were not very exhaustive, but they brought 
him into correspondence with Mr. John Young, of Glasgow, who 
helped him with a vast amount of information and an almost 
exhaustless supply of Polyzoal material. About this time, he became 
acquainted with Mr. Geo. Shrubsole, of Pee whose death was 
also announced i in the September ‘N aturalist.’ An exhaustive study of 
the ale@ocoryn on between them, a study 
to which the late Dr. Pamcan contributed in no small degree. 
Mr. Vine was now fairly established in the study of Fossil Polyzoa, 
and, as the years went by, he was in constant correspondence with — 
such authorities as the Rev. T. Hincks, the late Mr. G. Busk, 
_ Dr. Lindstrom, Dr, Pergens, Mr. E. O. Ulrich, Miss E. C. Jelly, at 
Mr. A. W. Waters, and many others, some of whom are still leftto 
fom: the taking of such an one from their ante circle. - His 
British Association Reports are too well k own cy 
for such work lives to. help future students in the intricate path 


NOTES AND NEWS. 335 


he made an important discovery of Macrospores ina coaly seam 

between vast beds of sandstone in a Sheffield quarry. This drew 

his attention to the coal plants, and, in a few months, hundreds of 
coal sections were in his cabinet—slides from Mr. Butterworth, of 
Oldham, Mr. Spencer, of Halifax, and others ; sections prepared by 

himself and his son, who, at this time, was actively engaged with him 

at home and in the field. There are few societies of a scientific turn 

in Sheffield and its neighbourhood that are unable to boast of having 

had ‘Mr. Vine, the Geologist,’ to give them a lecture on Coal and 

Coal Plants. The Sheffield Literary and Philosophical Society 

considered it an honour to have him give them an evening with his 

slides. Yet another branch occupied the mind of this truly wonder- 

ful working man (for such he loved to be styled). Postage stamps, 

post cards, and its accompanying features fascinated him, and his 

collection—though, from a monetary point of view, probably not 

valuable—exhibits that peculiar feature of its author which enabled 

him to seize on the salient points of a subject almost at a glance. 

_ Sea-weeds, zoophytes, and a dozen other things all came in for 

a share of attention. But it is with pardonable pride that the writer 

can testify to Mr. Vine’s undying enthusiasm for Sunday School 

work. Truly he was the man for the little ones, and few families 

live in Attercliffe to-day that have not, directly or indirectly, been 

_ influenced by his humble Christian disposition. So he lived, and so 

he died, giving directions to his son about his polyzoa two days 

before he passed away, mentioning Sunday School work the day 
before he went home, and, wishing his family good-night five minutes 

before, Mr. Vine passed from the service of earth to the higher 

Service of heaven on Tuesday, August 8th, beloved, honoured, — 
_ Tespected, and leaving behind him a name which will surely be found _ 
in ee ve list of ardent, self- = and  ever-onward ’ naturalists, 


: NOTES AND NEWS : oe 
: regr: lan issue ‘ Hardwick’ Sitiacs Comip’ * has been 
a mee se bg a at of the editor's illness 2 


i Fr, W. Fierke, se Dials Gross West, ‘Hull, Hon. 
sur : “: 


336 


Sn Wemoriam. 


GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE, F.G.S. 


THE late Mr. George William Shrubsole, was born at Faversham, 
Kent, in 1827, and died at Chester, July 21st, 1893. He received 
his education at the Queen Elizabeth ene School, Faversham, 
and there showed the first signs of a taste for antiquarian pursuits, 


by making a collection: of say British coins. On leaving ae 


_he was —— to a surgeon, and during this time gained 
Royal Humane Pe eee Be ek hs ee 
Before 


IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE. 337 


the minor examination of the Pharmaceutical Society, being the 
twenty-fourth to do so. Afterwards he attended the lectures given 
by the Society about 1846-7, and gained prizes in materia medica 
_ and pharmacy, and a certificate in chemistry. He appears to have 
forsaken the profession of a surgeon for that of a chemist. He was 
engaged in some of the best West End chemists’ satahlisheneice. 
until his health failing through over-study, he accepted an engagement 
near Dorking, Surrey. It was there that he took up the science 
of geology, nor can we be surprised, for a more convenient situation 
to examine the Eocene, Chalk, Upper and Lower Greensand, and 
the Weald Clay, could scarcely be selected. The fossils of the 
chalk attracted his principal attention, and of these he made 
a valuable collection. The care and delicate touch with which he } 
removed the chalk from specimens of Flagiostoma spinosum, or 
worked out the attached spines of a Cidaris, well illustrated that 
power of taking infinite pains which characterised every labour of 
his life. In 1853 he removed to Chester, and ultimately succeeded 
to the old-established business of Messrs. John Hope & Sons, 
Chemists, Market Square. His place of business soon became the 
recognised centre to which to take all ‘finds,’ whether archeological 
_ Or otherwise, in order to obtain he opinion as to their value. In boing 
course of years he was thereb 
of Roman and other antiquities, found in Chester ter the el: 
neighbourhood, In 1858, the late Mr. Henry J. Bellars, ‘honorary 
Secretary and curator of the Chester Natural History Society,’ 
published an ‘Illustrated Catalogue of British Land and Freshwater 
_ Shells.’ In this little work we find frequent references to Mr. G. W. 
_ Shrubsole. For instance, at page 15, we read under the heading 
Helix ciate ‘See also sick page, where is represented an unusually 7 
elegant ght with many others from Faversham, __ 
_* Kent, by Mr. G. W. Shrubsole, expressly for this work.’ When = 
__ Studying Natural History or Geology he would rise at daybreak: ee 
_ the summer months, to dredge pit, lake, or river for shells, or to — a 
: visit a. quarry for fossils. ‘The Chester Natural History Society,’ of oe 
- which Mr. ‘Bellars was honor ry secreta ie curator in : BSS, must oo oe 


Sete ee ooo 


a in that year, in a lumber room in the Chester Mechanics’ —— oe 
- Row the Free Library, a hamper. cociatene: an foun gatherum’ oS 


338 IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE. 


successfully a botanical class in the Mechanics’ Institute, and in 1871, 
gave in the ‘Old King’s School’ a series of lectures, which were 
published afterwards under the title of ‘Town Geology.’ Mr. Shrubsole 
was at this time brought into very close contact with Canon Kingsley, — 
as he possessed the only collection of fossils in the city. These he 
placed unreservedly at the Canon’s disposal, for the purpose of 
illustrating his lectures. Canon Kingsley’s discourses were received 
with enthusiasm, and there gathered around him the whole intel- 
lectual life of Chester. We must, also, not omit to mention that the 
late Mr. Daniel Mackintosh, F.G.S., was then residing in Chester, — 
and followed up Canon Kingsley’s labours with a systematic course 
of lectures upon Geology. In 1871, the Chester Society of Natural 
Science was founded by Canon Kingsley, and Mr. Shrubsole was 
elected chairman of the Geological Section. He worthily filled the 
position for nearly twenty years, and during that period delivered 
many addresses of great local interest. 

In 1873, on the proposition of Canon Kingsley, Mr. Shrubsole 
was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society. In 1879, Mr. 
O. A. Shrubsole, and in 1885, Mr. W. H. Shrubsole, the two 
younger brothers of the deceased, became Fellows of the Geological 
Society, and, more remarkable still, they have all contributed papers 
‘which have appeared in the Society’s Publications’—an achieve- 
ment by three brothers, so far as I am aware of, quite unique in the 
annals of the Geological Society of London. Between 1879 and 
1884 Mr. Shrubsole published six papers in the ‘Quarterly Journal 


of the Geological Society,’ upon the Palzeozoic Polyzoa, of which he — | : 


had a splendid collection. The late Mr. Vine, with whom he 


worked out the fossil Polyzoa, only survived him a fortnight. In 
1883 Mr. Shrubsole was presented with the Kingsley | Memorial 
_ Medal of the Chester Natural Science Society, ‘for having con- 
tributed materially to the promotion and advancement of some — 


branch or department of natural science.’ In 1886 he contributed © 
a paper to the ei Society, ‘On the Erosion of Certain — 
Freshwater Shells. In October, 1884, Mr. Shrubsole gathered — 
from the Trent Canal at Stone, Staffordshire, twenty specimens of 
Planorbis corneus, a species not known in Cheshire, Stoke being the 


nearest habitat, These he transferred to his aquarium, supplied 
with Dee water, * The mielle of ‘the Planorbes,’ he observes, ‘when 


I gathered» _ were i j. After some time — 


TE noticed hes fone some cause or other, they, without exception, — 


Redcar ah a ae of ne re or bales, 


y along the 


—- 
vhich 


IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE WILLIAM SHRUBSOLE. 339 


groove, which penetrated to the lowest shell layer, and continued to 
widen and spread as time went on. During the time the Planorbes 
were living in the Trent Canal the shell was entire, while three 
months’ existence in water taken from the River Dee produced the 
appearance I have described.’ He analysed both waters, and in that 
from the Trent Canal there was a great quantity of lime, while in 
that from the Dee there was very little, from which he concluded 
that the carbonic acid in the Dee water dissolved the calcic 
carbonate of ‘which the shelly structure of the mollusca is mainly 
built up.’ He pointed out, however, that shells with a thick 
epidermis escape this fate. In 1884, he published a complete list 
of the land and freshwater shells of Chester and District, which 
appeared in part 3 of the ‘Proceedings of the Chester Society of 
Natural Science.’ On antiquarian subjects, he published papers in 
the proceedings of the ‘ Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire’ 
and in ‘ Archzologia Cambrensis’ from 1890 to 1892. In 1886, 
Mr. Shrubsole wrote a paper which was published in the Journal ot 
the Archeological Society: ‘On the Age of the City Walls of Chester.’ 
This was, doubtless, the outcome of a paper read before the ‘ Chester 
Archeological and Historic Society,’ entitled ‘The City Walls of 
Chester ; is any portion of them Roman?’ He contended that no 
part of the walls was Roman masonry in situ, basing his arguments 
upon the absence of structural evidence, that the present ‘walls’ 
were built by the Romans, also that the perishable nature of the local. 
stone used for that purpose (the Bunter Pebble Beds, sandstone) 
made it very improbable that the walls of Chester were of Roman 
construction. The paper was read on December 3rd, 1883, and it 
is recorded in the Society’s Journal that the discussion was adjourned _ 
to the 4th of February, 1884, nor did this suffice, for it was again 


oe adjourned to February 18th, 1884. The discussion became very = 


animated and soon spread far and wide among Antiquarians, and — 


cc great interest was aroused in the matter in dispute. A fund a 


raised to defray the expense of a thorough examination of me 
ee: of the North Wall of the City, w which resulted in finding Ds 


f : merits or demerits of the controversy, but not as to the practical : 
-Tesults of the investigation of the structure of the North Wall. The 


‘finds’ are now exhibited in the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, ~~ , e a 


tere in the United Kingslon. Mr. Shrubsole was for a ‘number a 


of years honor to the Chester J gical and Historie ‘ 


340 NOTES AND NEWS. 


Science. In both capacities he greatly enriched the local collections 
of antiquities and fossils. He also formed a valuable collection of 
recent local land, freshwater, and marine mollusca, and marine 
polyzoa. His natural reticence renders it difficult, even to an 
intimate friend, to do his memory justice, or to record even briefly 
what he accomplished in a lifetime devoted ‘to the search for truth’ 
over so wide and varied fields of observation. Diligent in business 
as in research, his leisure was but change to occupations in which 
pleasures never pall. There was no room for ennui where from 
youth to age each day opened out an ever-widening vista of the 
arcana of nature which might be won. 

He was interred in Chester Cemetery, and gathered round his 
open grave were many men who had laboured in those researches 
in which he so much delighted. 

The results of the scientific work of his life will be his most 
ore monument; let posterity write his epitaph. 


WiLiiAM SHONE, F.G.S. 
‘Upron PARK, CHESTER 
os Gasser 21st, 1893, 


: Sag: AND NEWS. 
are indebted to the Rev. J. Magens Mello for a copy of his ‘ Gookayat 
‘Desbyibire,’ which we are sia oat to see has reached a second edition. A general 


_ descripti ser the local geology is given ; the Carboniferous is fully described, with ae 


insert, written b y Mr. 1 lavie-Brown, ‘ 


34f 


A NEW LIST OF BRITISH BEETLES. 


Catalogue | of | British Coleoptera | by | D. SuarP, M.A., F.R.S., &, | 
and | W. W. Fowter, M.A., &c. | London: | L. Reeve & Co. | 1893. 


Every Coleopterist will welcome this catalogue, for it supplies 
along felt want, and the ee on the title-page are a sufficient 
guarantee that it is ‘ up-to-date. 

It has long been felt by most, if not all Coleopterists, that a new 
catalogue was urgently required, for this study has made such 
enormous advances since the catalogue issued by Fowler and 
Matthews in 1883, that the latter was comparatively useless. 

In the new catalogue no numbers are affixed to the genera, so 
that should it be found necessary to alter the position of any of them 
(as, despite the great care which has been used in the present 
classification, is very probable, owing to the nascent state of this 
science) it can easily be done. 

The alterations, though many, are not only Sb icdel ie but 
actually necessary with our improved knowledge. For instance, 
LVotiophilus has been raised to the rank of an independent tribe, 
_ instead of, as in the old system, forming part of the Nebriina; 

similarly Qodes, formerly included under the Chleniina, now is 
_ Oodina; also Amara, hitherto under pea aneniey has, with even 
More justice, been formed into a tribe, Amarin 

The way by which the Geodephaga and ee Hisdiudephaca « are 


connected is much superior to the older way, which was very abrupt. 


Now it leads by gentle gradations through the Ha/iplide, ricinus 
tina, and Lebiina. 
Although a perfect classification has not been arrived at (this 


indeed is impossible, many of the tribes being closely connected in __ 


directions, yet widely apart in others), yet the system adopted = 


inthe book before us shows many advantages over the former ones, 


| and we can but welcome it as more reer than ee we have noe 
id. eee 

Several , the records for which ase doubetud (eg bister 

- roeselt, Hister sinuatus, ete. )s have been removed from. the place 

they ha = d in onr lists. 

end under the betty of Doubtful Species,” whilst such species as 

_Carabus auratus are also collected under the heading of ‘ Introduced 


: = ges’ and the Stylopidz are removed to the end under the title 2 


togh ‘Abnormal: ee 


vec wee many?) formerly reckoned as varieties, 
of speci 


es, whilst, in a few oe. 3 


342 NOTES AND NEWS. 


Great care is shown in its compilation, and we can safely say that 
it is bound to supersede all other catalogues now in use, and the time 
is far distant when it will be, in its turn, superseded by another. 

assification is, in a great measure, identical with that 
ee. sg ‘ 


just secsived. There is no doubt that these five volumes have done, 
and are still doing, much to foster the study of Coleoptera, and to 
draw Entomologists from the well-trodden paths of Lepidoptera to 
these, comparatively speaking, neglected ones.—W. F. B. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 

The Liverpool retinas Field _ er? a Puy at of the ‘ Flora 

< he Liverpool District,’ Nt ge appear er the able editorship of 
Robert Brown, if pear Eel | disoeiagbatee be ofr, the a not to exceed 

a aSer a ct 
A promising feature in E —_ geology is the wide interest taken, during 
recent years, in the phenomena of glaciation, leading to the undertaking of joint 
hes by geo! husiasm is 


Proceedings ion, 

by Mr. A. R. Dwerryhouse, and some useful reviews of rece! nt prtcn, Iiterature. 
U the editorship of Mr. P. F, Kendall, F.G.S., of the toiesnp College, 
‘magazine may be expected to have a Propecia career before 


We have received from our friend Mr. Edward E. Prince, BA., F. F.LS., 
who has now taken up his duties as Commissioner of Fisheries for the ae 5 ae 


a -ali 
Society of Glasgo ist,’ he gives 
a sketch of the e scientific life and career of Prof. W. C. ng Saye | E.RS Oe 
distingui occupant of the lchaie of Natural History at St. A 


SE oe ita Seca : 
We are indebted to Mr, William Moss, of Ashton-under-Lyne, who is or 
useful work in microscopical photography, more especially of picid | oS 
sabject rene copy of a paper on the * Reproductive Pa eoa of Bulimus acutus,’ 
reprinted from the — Microscopical Society’s Annual Report for 1892 
and illustrated by a plate of exceptionally fg con 5 a gpes figures gf 3 Mr. Me: 
co-author, Mr. F. We vo 
—— is not preserved i in the reprint. 


ap 


leased to note the annou ouncement of the a ee a 
ee at 


attention. The 16t! oth chagtes steed Wak the ‘Flom of Littond dale,’ written 
a valued contributor to the ‘ Naturalist,’ the Rev. W. A. Shuffrey, M.A., who is 
now Vicar of Arncliffe. A ateal ‘to be given of pe calceolus, the 
plant w ouch Aetidpaes bora» vas fc 

eaten be act : oe 


343 
DESMID NOTES. 


W. BARWELL TURNER, F.C.S., F.R.M.S., 
Leeds. 


THE forms of which I append brief descriptions are all British, and 
as such may be found to possess some interest for our micro- 
botanical friends. They are mostly from collections made by my 
friend Mr. J. Harbord Lewis, F.L.S., whose gatherings contain other 
apparently novel Desmidiee. The collections were made 1885-8, 
and the little plants mentioned would have been, but for continued 
illness, long ago described by me. Purely scientific description is 
deferred. 


All the figures, except otherwise stated, are x 500. 

1. Euastrum cambrense n. sp. A form apparently between 
£. erosum Lund. and £. dinale (Turp.) Ralfs, from which it 
differs in the markings, and in the peculiar horn-like upper 
lateral processes, in front view; the side view also differs, 
Long. 32, lat. 20, lat. isth. 5, cr. 9°5 #. Dolbadarn, J.H.L. 

2. Euastrum snowdoniense n. sp. Form with rotundo- 
truncate angles ; 3 small ventral inflations ; membrane thick 
Long. 31, lat. 20, lat. isth. 6°5 ». Snowdon, J.H.L 

3- Euastrum binale (Turp.) Ralfs. A tiny form of thie species, 
from the last habitat. Long. 12, lat. ro, isth. 3°5 mw. 

4- Eaustrum webbianum f. major Turn. (Fr. Alg. ‘Ind. 
t. xxii, f. 4). This, the larger form, is in an old slide, 
mounted about 1851 by the late Henry Webb. The basal 
angles and incurved sides render this very distinct. Long. 

6: int max. 28-42; — Q-Ir pf. Cronies ies 

Birmingham, H.W. Fig. x 400 : 

5. Euastrum crassicolle? baad fora The smaller one _ 


“seems certainly to appertain to this species, but the apical 


incision of the larger one dona the markings, however, and _ 


“the lateral sinuations, correspond. Long. 18, lat. 11, isthe = 


3°5 #, and long. 22, LG 13 a isth. 5 PB ices Llyn 
Badan, ). Ei. ee 
6 Euastrum dieigticdeii, n. sp.? <A very puzzling form, 
apparently close to several species, yet agreeing with none. — 
The lateral view is lanceolate, with subtruncate ends, each 


a 3 semi-cell — a central protuberance. Long. 36, lat. 22, a a 


6B ji Common Monmouth, - 


: DESMID NOTES. 


TURNER 


3 


beef 
. 


9% 


al 


TURNER: DESMID NOTES. 345 


Cosmarium gotlandicum Wittr. vy. cambrense n. var. 
Fairly similar to the type, except that it is proportionally 
much narrower. Long. 35, lat. 22, isth. 6. Near Dolbadarn, 

AL. 


Staurastrum lewisianum n. sp. This beautiful species 
is related to S. capitulum Bréb. and S. amenum Hilse. It 
differs from the former in being doubly sinuate at the sides, 
and from the latter in having two rows of verruce. In this 
form the lower verrucz are plain, the upper series being 
minutely dentate or serrate. In vertical view the sides are 
gently incaved, the apices (3-4) being rounded. Long. 
37-42; lat. 18-21, isth. 13-16. Near Llanberis, J. H. Lewis, 
to whom I dedicate it. 

Staurastrum westii n. sp. A very interesting form, 
Seemingly between S. grifithsianum Nag. and S. di- 
placanthum DeNot. Each angle possesses 3 or 4 spines 
at the upper margin, with 5 short, toothed, thick processes, 
arranged in quincunx. Long. c. sp. 28-32, Ss. sp. 25-28; lat. 
C. sp. 23-26, s. s.p. 18-21; isth. 8-10 w. This little plant 
I dedicate to my friend Mr. W. West, F.L.S. Llyn Padarn, 
fs Fe 


Staurastrum diplacanthum vy. anglicum n. v. This var. 
differs from the Italian type of De Notaris (which I have 
from Strensall) in having the apices more convex, and 
crowned with little verruce; it has a number of aculei 
wanting in the type. Long. c. sp. 37-41, S. sp. 27-32; lat. 
C. Sp. 34, Ss. Sp. 28; isth. 9-11. Trelleck, comm. J.H.L. 
: -eboracense n. sp. Small, with 4 Ce 

arms, couaded at the ends; each arm with 3 or 4 rows of 


conical granules ; sides sinuate ; ; sinus rounded. It has an oe 
apical: corona of little verruce ; remainder, except arms, 
smooth, Lon ig 25, et. 27; dat. isth. 7 fl “Nearest to ae 
S. ——— Lund. Strensall —— ney. 


kense n. sp. ‘Small, semi-cells en 


strum trellec 
peace with a few rows of short stout aculei, each spine very _ 
_ dilate at base; angles rounded, each with 6 or 7 short plain 
 aculei. Sinus narrow. Long. c. sp. 33, S- SP. 305 Le 
- 3a, ssp. 28: isth. ledge pe maa comm. J.H.L. Le 
Micrasterias papi 2 


TURNER: DESMID NOTES. 


Micrasterias truncata (Corda) Bréb. The _ peculiar 
pseudo-spinous form, described in 1840 by Corda as 
Cosmarium quadragies-cuspidata, has turned up from the last 
habitat, in an old slide of Webb’s mounting. The apparent 
spines are probably only altered mucus. Fig. x 250. 

Penium lewisii n.sp. This little form is a near congener 
of P. cylindrus (Ehr.) Bréb., but differs in its fine granulations, 
its dilated ends, and its colourless membrane. Long. and 
lat. 46, 11, and 62, ton. Snowdon, J.H.L. 

Docidium hutchinsonii n.sp. Straight ; semi-cells faintly 
sinuate, ends truncate with broadly rounded angles, basal 
portion gently dilated, suture not prosilient. Surface covered 
with small papille, 2°5-3 » long., those at ends 1°7-2 » long. 
Frond long. 245-280 ; lat. bas. 21-26, apic. 17-19°5 #. Strensall 
Common, W.B. Fj x 400. amed in honour of the 
Rev. T. N Baa a brilliant scientist and right worthy 
English gentleman. 

Closterium intermedium var. sculptum Racib. forma 
eboracense n.f. A very fine form, with dilated apices, from 
saga This may prove to be a distinct species. Fig. 


Cylindrocystis roseola n.sp. This name I have bestowed 

upon a little form with a membrane yellowish-pink or bright — 
pink in colour; the sides are gently incurved; membrane 
thickened at apices. Long. and lat. 46x19; 48x20; 


Spondylosium monile n.sp. A iy form, in front view 


_ biglobate, in side view gently contracted in se middle. — 


Measure (about) long. 7, lat. 4, cr. 3 p. 
Spondylosi um armillatum n. sp. A still smaller plant, — 


biscocttioiity centre gently incavate in front view; side view 


compressed. Measure (about) long. 6, lat. 3°7, cr 2°5 pe ] 

This and No. 19 are from Trelleck, comm. J.H.L. - 
Euastrum exile n. sp. Minute, with incurved ‘sides, 

expanded and routided basal angles, and rounded apices, 


_ incisions curvato-cuneate. ‘Sinus narrow. Side view lance- 


olate, apices rounded. © swag +; lat. 8, isth. 3 cre re = 


S apawies: F BL 


las - var. ie c n um sin ) of “7 ° 's upt ulis 
West (Alg. Lak )3 


_ The following are 2 noteworthy. “From: Lyn Padara oo 
cambric 


NOTES AND NEWS. 347 


Closterium scoticum n. sp. Frond long and narrow, for 
about {ths of the length of nearly the same diameter, tapering 
a little at the ends, which are expanded into rounded or 
rotundo-truncate ‘knobs.’ Suture 1, rarely 2, not central, 
and often complex, of 4-7 transverse strie. Membrane 
smooth, variable, either colourless, or from pale yellow to 
red-brown in tint. The frond is straight or but slightly 
curved ; very variable in size. Endochrome axillary, with 
a central line of corpuscles. Long. 260-489, lat. ro-13, lat. 
apic. 8°5-12°5 p. 
Var. 8 fusiforme. Almost straight, frond not so even in 
Seaanietee! decidedly fusiform. Long. 295-415, lat. 12°5-15 ; 
lat. apic. 9-11°5 ps. 
(This sp. seems nearest to C/. biclavatum Boerg.) 
Closterium balmacarense n. sp. Of medium size, slightly 
and regularly curved, gently attenuate, ends expanded and 
rotundo-truncate. Suture not central. Membrane smooth 
and colourless. _Endochrome in indistinct fillets, vesicles 
scattered. Long. 315-322, lat. 20-21, lat. apic. 16 p. 
8 minor, Long. 260, lat. 16, lat. apic. 12 p. 
Both these Closteria are from Balmacara, Scotland, legit 
_A. W. Wills, 1881. Fi igures will no doubt be published by 
Messrs. Roy and Bisset, in the ‘Scottish Desmidiez,’ es a 
I have sent them my drawings. 
I have also to report the very rare Penium panddrans 
_ DeNot. from Brant Fell, Bowness. Of this I have previously 
seen but one specimen, from America, sent to me by ad late 
_ kindly correspondent, the Rey. Fr. Wolle. 
ee - find oan: my friend Mr. Siege has named an Trish, 
the € of f my a 
es plant (Ind. Alg., a — ae will now ‘bear ~~ = 
name of — taurastrum invo! 


oe NOTES: AND NEWS. ae oe 
: ck 5 will be pleased to see ge anes of Mr. _ Henry Te ee 
= ee si i lic arones ta: sia a oe 
| he deals coal on Fre of Pagar n leesspermum D as observed 2 ee. 


348 NOTES AND NEWS. 


THE 
LEPIDOPTERA OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. 


The Lepidoptera of the — Islands. CuHas. G. BarReETT, F.E.S. 
Vol. I. L. Reeve & Co., London 


This volume, which 2 ee the whole of the British Butterflies, 
is composed of the first ten parts of the great work which 
Mr. Barrett has undertaken. As twenty-two years have elapsed 
since the appearance of Newman’s ‘British Butterflies and Moths,’ 
it goes without saying that such a work as this was absolutely 
needed ; indeed, considering the unparalleled advance which 
been made in our favourite science during that time, it ought to have 
been Saas: long ago. The volume completed is eminently 
satisfactory in most respects, and augurs well for future volumes on 
the Sphingide, Boutros } Noctuze, Geometree, Tortrices, and Tinez, 
orders in which the author will be not less at home than he has 

n among the Rhopalocera. The history of each butterfly, 
including its local and casual variation, is given in clear and full 
detail, and represented by coloured plates; but there is an entire 
and commendable absence of that stiff over-scientific method of 
dealing with the subject, so dear to mend of our entomologists who 
owe their knowledge more to dry museum specimens and books, © 
than to field work. We are glad ee that the author sticks so 
closely to the old nomenclature, and has not been tempted to adopt = 
_ the new fangled but altogether unnecessary names now so largely 

adopted by the younger school of British lepidopterists. As may 
be taken for granted with one of Messrs. Reeve’s publications, the 

_ paper is good, and the letterpress large, clear, and neat. 
_ adverse criticism we feel disposed to indulge in, is on account a eg 
the coloured plates: these are in some cases not so good as we 
should have liked to have seen them, and as we think, such a work 2 
warranted us to expect. Somehow, whilst everything else conn 2 
_ with publishing has made rapid advances, the colouring of a a : 


ents which ii is absolutely necessary to do justice to natura : 
history subjects, than they were twenty years ago. Every ee : 
___ terist who can afford the Beet Cae ales ad to be a subscriber 


: 349 
ROSA ON THE REVISION OF THE LUMBRICIDI. 


Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, F.L.S., 
Author of ‘ Flowers and Flower-Lore, Cockermouth. 


It is now exactly a decade since Dr. Daniel Rosa, of Turin, first 
appeared as the champion of the despised earthworm. Four years 
after the publication of Darwin’s memorable volume on ‘ Vegetable 
Mould,’ Rosa gave a description of two new species of Lumbricus 
in the pages of ‘Atti Acad. Sc. Torino,’ vol. xviii. (1882). This 
was followed two years later (1884) by his pamphlet entitled, 

_ *I Lumbricidi del Piemonte ’—a work which at once marked out its 
author as a most accurate, painstaking, and reliable authority on this 
hitherto neglected subject. Since then not a year has passed but 
some further original communication from his pen has enriched the — 
annals of science. This decade of persistent and wide-reaching 
investigation has at last yielded its ripe fruit, and we now have 
before us a handsome monograph of upwards of 80 pages folio, 
devoted to a ‘ Revisione dei Lumbricidi.’ (Torino. Carlo Clausen ; 
Libraio della R. Academia della Scienze. : 

Dr. Rosa, like all the Continental scientists with whom we have 

_ had occasion to correspond, is genial and courteous in his bearing, — 

_ and loses no opportunity to give the credit due to others for the | 
_ work they have done. His newest work contains a most valuable 
_ and elaborate Bibliography, in which we find the names of English, 
oS French, German, American, Swedish, Italian, Russian, Australian, _ 
_ and other authors faithfully chronicled in connection with upwards 


of one hundred articles and monographs, ranging from the days of — - 


-  Linneus (1767) to the present time. The plan is to give the 


‘Two charts at the end present, in a new and striking form, the — 


: 49 species ; (3) Allurus, 6 species; (4) Criodrilus, 1 T _species, or 


to ‘these latter, one or two. “suggestions ‘may perhaps ‘be . 
tted. “ I believe that =” worm — carneum, Pp. 75) me 
d to the Turgid w, gida Eisen), with which it~ 


authors’ names alphabetically, with the date of their writings prefixed. : a . 


Telative positions of the girdle and linear ae — i ae 


“Under the title Lumbricidi Rosa groups the following genera: 
(1) Lumbricus, 6 species ; (2) Allolobophora sinctioing Dendrobena), 


35° FRIEND: ROSA ON THE REVISION OF THE or 


is a most variable species, and capable of including some very 
diverse forms. Hoffmeister was probably correct when he relegated 
L. mollis Duges, also to this species. Specimens of the Long Worm 
found in clayey soil in England have exactly the colour and 
appearance ascribed by Dugés to this species. The Putrid worm 
(A. putris Ve}. ) again, includes so wide a range of varieties that 


My among 
identical with the sub-species avdorea Eisen. Here, too, Dugés’ 
worm (Z. dudius, p. 77) will probably find repose at last. 

With regard to the difference in size of the seminal vesicles 
(p. 78) it may be stated that this depends upon the condition of the 
worm at the time. I have dissected a typical species at different 
periods of the year and find that though one pair of vesicles may 

eatly exceed another pair at one time, they will be equal in size, or 
one at another time. 
I much regret that the account which I submitted to the Royal 
Irish Academy many months ago of a new Irish worm (ZL. papzllosus, 
Friend) was not published in time for Dr. Rosa’s perusal. ic 
alludes to it on p. 27, on the strength of a letter of mine announcing 
the discovery, but is unable to place it among the other clearly- 
defined species. Incidentally, Dr. Rosa points out that the name 


appropriated by Dr. F. Miiller. I have now examined large numbers 
of specimens, and find that the Papillose worm is perfectly distinct 
from every other genuine species of Lumbricus. 
It is greatly to be regretted that the author of this invaluable _ 
memoir was not able to include an index among the contents. fea oS 
_ synonyms are now so numerous and perplexing, and the oe 
usages of authors so diverse, that we find it exceedingly difficult : ae 
turn to the particular species which we may desire to investigate. Tf 
_ this omission could be remedied by the oe of a : oe fy 
sheet it would be an immense boon. ae 
I confess to a little surprise as . examine some of the <otnts ee 
latest groupings. In an earlier publication Dr. Rosa gave a most 
_ Iucid account of the different species of worms which Hoffmeister 
_and others had included under one common name. Now (p. 46) he 
returns to their earlier pa and gives w his own arrangement — oe 


FRIEND: ROSA ON THE REVISION OF THE LUMBRICIDI. 351 


Students will be grateful to the author for his clear and suggestive 
introduction to the study of species, and we note with pleasure that, 
out of three systems of notation employed by various writers, he has 
adhered to that which is in vogue in this country—that, viz., of 
regarding the peristomium, which is without bristles, as the first body- 
segment. A brief but ample account is given of all the most 
important features, both external (as bristles, pores, girdle, peristo- 
mium, clitellar papille, and colour) and internal (as nephridia, 
organs of reproduction, circulatory system, etc.) ; while an interesting 
paragraph is devoted to the classification of anomalous or abnormal 
_forms—bifurcated tails and heads, dissymmetry of organs, curtailing 
of segments, transposition of parts, and the like. 

As the genus Criodrilus is so far unrepresented in our native 
worm-fauna, we may omit it from present consideration. Under 
Allurus (pp. 69-74) mention should have been made of the well- 
marked varieties recorded by Eisen and myself. I may also remark 
that a most interesting species (A//urus macrurus Friend) reached 
me from Ireland last year, which had the girdle apparently on 
segments 15-22, with papillae on 20-21 (Nat., January 1893, p. 20). 
Unfortunately I have never been able to obtain duplicates. It comes 
hear to 4. tetragonurus Friend (Rosa, p. 74), but is distinguished 
_ from that species by the great length of the tail, the shape, and the 
Position of the girdle. Rosa keeps the last-named species for the 


Present distinct from Eisen’s ‘efragonurus, though he thinks they 


‘May probably be two forms of the same species. I had gone 
further and treated them as, in all likelihood, identical (‘Science 
Gossip,’ 1892). 

The fauna of Great Britain now includes fi species 0 of Lumbricus 
_ There are only seven species at present known to science. Three of 

these are widely distributed (rude//us, Pa. and herculeus, follow- — 
ing Rosa’s order and nomenclature). One is peculiar to Ireland 
_ (L.papiliosus Friend) ; one to the Alps (Z. melibeus Rosa); one to 
Austria (Z. polyphemos Fitz.) ; and one is of uncertain distribution. _ 


: _ In 1891 I described this species from specimens taken i in Yorkshire oe 
_ (not Zssex as stated by Rosa, p. 26), and named it Z. rubescens. 
_ Rosa has suggested its identity with Savigny’s Enterion festowm, a 


this be. so, it has been found in France, but not recorded sin ee alae 


So that practically its present known distribution is purely 
I have received it along with the four other species from Ireland. 


Rosa has not omitted to record the observations made in — 
years on bisa among oe (Pp. nee : 
The ¢ us Ad, “olobephora, as 


* 


352 NOTES AND NEWS. 


Britain (including the Dendrobenas), but not one of them appears 
to be peculiar to these islands. They are acpi varied in 
character, and all future students will owe our author a debt of 
gratitude for his careful and lucid Ae of facts and details. 


quarrel with him over one or two of the resuscitated names, and the 
abolishing of certain others which long use had enabled us to roll 
glibly off our tongues, but there is evidence that the aim of the 
author has been to do justice to the earliest investigators. We 
should agree with Michaelsen (p. 39) in making A. constricta Rosa, 
a sub-species of A. putris. To avoid confusion, we should prefer 
to retain Ude’s name, A. /onga, in the place of reviving Savigny’s 
term, “errestre (p. 48). It seems very desirable to fix upon names 
which are expressive of some peculiarity in the animal, and anyone 
who is familiar with the Long Worm will at Once admit the 


appositeness of Ude’s name. 


osa suggests that 4. camdérica Friend, may belong to one 
the various forms of J. chlorotica Savigny. This is probable, but 


-Rosa’s lengthy account of the latter species, and my own researches, 
indicate that much remains to be done in the way of working out 
the causes and extent of variation in this and some other species. 
We are glad to see that Levinsen’s Lumbricus eiseni, which we long 


ago showed was no true Lumbricus, is placed with Adolobophora 


_ (p. 67). No genuine cassiceiaed emits a yellow fluid from its cores! ne 
: pores as this does. 


The bulk of the species edad: in this genus are not indigenoas : : 


ae pom us, and, therefore, do not demand fuller notice in these pages. — 
Ie may be stated that the volume is’ printed in epee in a _— 
ch is 


> without being too technical, and so 


(vith the addition of an — it siti be consulted with ne gr 


Mn W, H. ore of No, 3, The Polygon, Eccl ire, is preparin 
are eon ati gee Pir mares pa been oa Hepatic, and i in wat want of recor 


ahhnahoe in the London C of 1881. — 


ir power (0 asist him will do so. 


303 
Bn Wemoriam. 


GEORGE BROOK, F.L.S. 

‘In illo viro tantum robur et corporis et anima 

fuit ut, quocunque loco esset, fortunam sibi 

facturus videretur.’—Lrvy. 
How appropriate these burning words of the historian eid 
originally written of Cato (the greater) are to the subject of 
Short memoir will be apparent to all who knew him; but 2 
those who knew him intimately and rejoiced in his fiiendship they 
commend themselves with much greater force. Whilst deeply 
regretting his early death in the very prime and vigour of his 
manhood, we can only reap the barren comfort that much as he 
had already accomplished, his strength both of mind and body 
were such as would have carried him forward to even more brilliant 
conquests in the future. A careful and conscientious observer, 
an indefatigable worker, possessed of faculties which enabled him 
to overcome difficulties and to obtain a clear view of any subject 
upon which his energies were concentrated, he was bound to attain 
to a higher position in the scientific world, even than that he had 


reached ; and he was endeared to his many friends by his genial 


disposition, his kindly g good nature, 

__ the knowledge he possessed to those who consulted him. 

Born on the 18th March, 1857, at Huddersfield, George Brook 

was only thirty-six years of age at the time of his death on the 
_ Tath August, 18 93- Her ti t Mr. Wood’s 

es — at Lindow Pree soar Edge, i in Sec and afterwards : 


geology ot biog | etc., wiles 


. Prof, W_C. Williamson, ERS. and other After completing his a 


education, he joined his father in the peeepesied basins which he 
_ €arried on as a worsted coating manufacturer; in this he was 


- €ngaged for many years, but his natural bent seemed to be a 
_ and more towards biological science, which he followed heel co oe 


: Jeisure hours at this period with no inconsiderable success. _ 
On the rgth June, 1875, he was elected Hon. Sec. of ‘the : 


: Huddersieta Naturalists’ Society, which post he held until the end 7 


of 1876, and during this period he contributed two exceeding! 


: rsh pres | to Beri sean on ‘The bgt a of ou : : oe 


354 IN MEMORIAM—GEORGE BROOK. 


with Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, on 
the occasion of the conversion of the old West Riding Consolidated 
Naturalists’ Society into the wider ‘ Union,’ a post which he held 
continuously until the end of 1881. 

Somewhere about the year 1878 or 1879 the late Mr. Jas. W. 
Davis, F.L.S., whose lamented death during the third year of his 
Mayoralty of Halifax occurred only a few weeks before that of 
Mr. Brook, invited a few scientific friends to his house, and then 
and there Messrs. Davis, Wm. Cash, F.G.S., George Brook, F.L.S., 
W. Percy Sladen, F.L.S., C, P. Hobkirk, F.L.S., and John Stubbins 
formed themselves into a ‘close club,’ calling themselves the ‘ Bios,’ 
for the more careful study of biological science and the problems 
connected with the life of both animals and plants, the meetings 
being held monthly at each other’s houses—a union which was 
always pleasant, agreeable and instructive, and was only broken up 
about 1886, owing to several of the members having left the vicinity. 

In the early part of 1878 a disease appeared on the Salmon in ~ 
the rivers Eden, Esk, and others, and Mr. Brook having received _ 
a diseased fish, sent for the writer of this memoir to assist him in 
‘the investigation of the disease, which was found to be caused by 
a micro-fungus, Achlya (Saprolegnia). Mr. Brook read a paper — 
on the. subject before the oe Scientific Club, which was — 

published i 


Edinburgh,’ rzth June, 1879, in reply to one published in the same 
journal by Mr. A. B. Stirling. S 

About Christmas, 1884, Mr. Brook, having eS from ie | 
father’s business, received a scientific appointment under the Scottish > 


-d from this post in. 1887. During this eriod 
also received the. appointment of Lecturer on 
Edinburgh University, which. he held until his deatt 
other papers published by him in various scienti 


elo Hat De ae Bayra ruhbdn 
; of London (*2 al 


UNRECORDED ALIENS FOR NORTH LANCASHIRE. 355 


institution. The first and only volume he lived to complete, a fine 
quarto illustrated from photographs taken by himself, was on the 
large genus of the Madrepora, which has only just been issued, and 
will be a lasting memorial of his labours—labours which another hand 
must now complete. Of his private, well-arranged aquarium, built in 
his father’s grounds for the purpose of fish-culture and the study of 
the development of the crustacea, space will not permit of more 
than this passing mention. In Mr. Brook science mourns a master 
and we a friend.—C. P. H. 


NOTE—BOTANY. 
Unrecorded Ali Lancashire.—During the summer the 
undermentioned plants were found at Grange-over-Sands. In no — can tha oe 
that they have yet been recorded for this district. The peg: of * 
cress’ is necessarily small, but mustard is on record f r Westmorland - 
a 


Corydalis lutea (DC.). Ona wall, outside a garden, Grange. 

Srassica alba (Boiss.). Onshore bank. Shore end of Crown Pier, Grange. 
eG Aas sativum (L.). Shore end of Crown Pier, Grange. Both | garden 
acer petroselinum (Benth.). Garden Parsl ws Shore bank near ee of 

Course escaped ; also shore bank near Barrow (1888). A garden outcast. Waste 

ground, Barrow (1888 : 

_ Gnothera biennis (L.). Waste ground in Cart art Lane, near nea Bank. 
A garden escape.—L. PEITY, Bortree Stile, Dgtenes i November, 183 — 


1 NOD ES AND NE Ws. 
_ The obituary list of g eologists i is this year a long one. To the names already 
oe we must = of Mr. Edward Charlesworth, F.G.S., whose de se at 
eis ae be k wi ly d ve cere oo oe 


‘Sheffeld has lost. usefl worker in Mr. deme ty, 265, — 


. ert: b aged 62 _e was an xe 


NOTES—BIRDS. 


i —An immature example of the Little Gull (Lavras 
minutus) was shot on the hack. between Beeston and Nottingham, on Nov. 8th. 
It is worthy of note that a species which is far from common on our coasts 
should occur alee within twelve months so far inland. Readers of ‘ The 
Naturalist’ will remem that a specimen was obtained on the Trent last 

istmas.—F. B. co peepees Beeston, Notts, 16th November, 1893. 


_ Flamborough Bird-notes.—The other day my attention was drawn to 
mense quantities of sea-birds south of the Headland. Taking aoe fekdgiss 
rearry e them for miles, cae inside the Smithie Buoy, and to 


they must have aye saat young fish. I could eggs tly see sven pleted 
(Sula bassana), G ion. spp-)> = Kittiwakes (Rissa trid factyla). ie 
shermen inform me ac have seen immense floc Hh of og hig sherk eta ae 


fi: 

Guillemots (Lomvia eared trey orgy ‘ie coast 

severe weather which has brought several ae from og ge ar north gees one poor Tittle 
i he 


pretty ones i mbers 
arvensis), Thrushes (Bi uraius mscu Blackbirds ta mera, oy hala, 
ee paneer! have arrived on the Hea my this — 

ring I a large flock oe Lapland ies Bek. Trius ladpanice us) in 
a a aibhne field, n neat to the Flamborough Head Lighthouse.— MATTHEW BAILEY, — 
Flamborough, N v. Toth, 1893. 


oo Gon t at N : t.—Considerable interest has been aro 
at Newark ity Base appearance of a oman (Phalacrocorax carbo) on the ty 
spire of the parish church. The bird was first observ: 


e 
pearance it rested on its lofty perch for a stretch of eighteen hout 
taking food. It now regularly flies, at certain times of the oe to the Trent, — 
near Averham Weir, where it has often been observed feeding. Popular alent ye 
credits the story is the d example which was : 


(357 
BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT, 
SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1893. 


JOHN CORDEAUX, M.B.O.U., 
Great Cotes, R.S.O., Lincoln. 


THE glorious weather of the last summer and autumn, so seldom 
experienced in our country, and specially distinguished by an unusual 
amount of sunshine and absence of moisture, has had a marked 
influence on the movements of migratory birds on the east coast 
of England. The breeding season in high northern latitudes was 
earlier and most favourable throughout for the rapid growth and 
maturing of the young; the southern movement was accelerated 
and also carried forward under the very best met 1 conditions 
which scarcely varied for weeks and months. There has been an 
absence altogether of heavy gales and adverse winds ranging from 
N.W. to S. E., and instead, more or less anti-cyclonic periods, or 
gentler Niles, have prevailed from southerly or westerly quarters, 
with complete absence of thick heavy weather and rain storms. In © 
fact, a more favourable time for the passage of birds has seldom _ 
Occurred, with the result that the migrants have gone direct to their 
destination, probably moving at a great height, so that the chances 
of observation were much lessened. Those ornithologists who have > 
had the most frequent opportunities of visiting the coast, agree that 
there has been, compared with other seasons, everywhere during the 
_ autumn, a great dearth of bird life. : 
much the same conditions appear to have prevailed in 


Se Boles Mr. Gitke, in a letter dated Sept. 24th, says, wtih 
_ two exceptions, the season has been a blank.’ On a roth, Ce 


__ he writes, ‘My garden swarmed with Pied Flycatcher (Museie 


at, clear, and warm.’ 


-but that day the wind was E. by S., lig! 


as seen never before Ar ae musicus less and coming be a 
a nisus, young ; : and during the night great many Checmirtss, 2 


we less Sylvia phenicurus, and some Sylvia al on young ee 


- Again, on Sept. 17th, ‘There was, early in the morning and oe oo 
forenoon great masses of Turdus torquatis, in flights from 100 to 200, oe 
aan 


agen UmMentUs, and ‘other “ ‘long-legs,” passing — the light- oe 


een ke : N. Ae Ww. faint’ 
I 5 


wind was. first ONO, in the meres some fe eo co 


358 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 


In compiling the following notes I have eee been indebted 
to Mr. G. H. Caton Haigh, of Grainsby Hall, Mr. Fe 
Hewetson, of Leeds, and to both these gentlemen r wish to express 
my best thanks. 


Cuculus canorus. Cuckow. June 25th and 26th. On these 

ys I saw at least twenty between Easington and Kilnsea, 

evidently on the move south. All were adults and I think, with 

one exception, males. At least they all appeared the same size 

except one which was decidedly less. On August rath, several 
young Cuckows were seen in the same locality. 

Numenius phzopus. Whimbrel. July 26th. First recognised 
on migration by their familiar call passing from N.E. to S.W., 
and at a great height. On 31st were very numerous on the 
Lincolnshire coast. 

Squatarola helvetica. Grey Plover. July 31st. A flock on 
the Lincolnshire coast. August 31st. Several on the mle . 
near the Spurn with black breasts. 

Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. August 12th. Two in saan 
summer plumage shot by Mr. H. R. Hewetson at the Spurn. 
21st. A few seen on the shore near Tetney Haven. 

Totanus canescens. Greenshank. August rzth. First seen 
on Yorkshire coast. October1sth. Isawa few onthe mud-flats . 
in Kilnsea Bay, recognised by their flight and cry. — a 

Tringa canutus. Knot. August 31st. Sixteen young birds : 
shot from flocks near the Spurn by Mr. H. R. Hewetson. On _ 
_ September 29th, Mr. H. B. Hewetson observed an immense flight ee 


of Knot and Dunlin a 
bow from Kilnsea ie ‘to ‘considerably seaward | of the sea- 
_ beacon on. ie coast, probably a mile from flank to flank 
followed for an hour by succeeding flocks of many hundrec 
_ The flight was, very low, only _ clearing the telegraph 

r 15th I saw enormous ict se the muds near 
_-Kinsea with Dunlin — other shore-birds. oo . 


+ se 


“plumage shot by Mr. G. HL Caton Haigh, near Donss Nook. 
| This i is - tong — - have s seen killed on the coast at ie 


CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 359 


Sterna dougalli. Roseate Tern. September 9th. One was 
— een hee Mr. Hewetson and others when boating near the 


Sask ean uata. Curlew Sandpiper. September oth. 
Shot near the Spurn 
Sterna fluviatilis a S. macrura. Common and Arctic 
Terns. In August and September, reported as extraordinarily 
abundant at sea, and also along the coast. I am told 
a professional tern-slayer shot six hundred near the Spurn ; the 
wings only were taken to sell to the plume dealers. It was 
a brutal and cruel slaughter of harmless and charming creatures 
to pander to a senseless fashion. Unfortunately, for the future 
of the Sea-Swallow, all appeals made to the fair sex on the 
subject, although not without effect, have so far been ineffectual 
to prevent this unnecessary cruelty and wrong. 
Anthus obscurus. Rock Pipit. September 21st. First seen 
_ On migration on Lincolnshire coast. On October 26th, I saw 
a few on the Tetney and North Cotes fitties ; these appeared to 
be referable to the A. rupestris of Professor Nilsson, the 
Common Rock Pipit of the Lincolnshire coast in the autumn. 
Anthus pratensis. Meadow Pipit. September 23rd. Many 
. Were noticed by Mr. Haigh along the same coast. 
Xema sabini. Sabine’s Gull. September 25th. Mr. Haigh 
shot a young bird of the year close to the mouth of Saltfleet 
Haven. It fell into the sea, but shortly reviving, flew out so_ 
far that it was not recoverable. 
Totanus fuscus. Dusky Redshank. September 17th. One 
_ was shot by Stubbs of Tetney. This bird was kindly presented 
to me by Mr. Haigh. It is presumably a bird of the year, and 


a Rael mroticd dans ae! brown on the under surface ¢ . is . - = : 


. Machetes pugeex” Re eve. September pig One "which se oe 


- ; saw was shot near Cleethorpes, about this date. 


Charadrius pluvialis. — Golden Plover. 
eS First young birds obtained. October bith. Some: k oe ae 


about - date. September | ye The first really —— : . 
, 


oe ‘rush’ 0 migrants on the t Coast was observed 
ee Hoek on this day. leg pn S., thick and wet. © 
oe Lapwings at short intervals all day very high, direction W. 


Larks: hares in hanes g fying low to SW. ‘Blue Tits — S 


360 CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 


This grand old shelter fence is conspicuous at a great distance, 
and is the first cover that small birds make for when coming to 
land across the North Cotes ‘fitties’ from the sea. Both the Blue 
Tit and Great Tit have been very common in our coast districts, 
also a few Coal Tits. 

At Kilnsea, on the Yorkshire side, a few ‘ Pilots’ (egudus 
cristatus) were seen on the 28th, and the first Woodcock (Sco/opax 
rusticula) at the Spurn. On the 27th Mr. Haigh noticed great 
flights of Greenfinches (Zigurinus chloris) on the stubbles at 
Tetney, and on the 29th the country about Easington and Kilnsea 
swarmed with them. Mr. Hewetson writes :—‘I never saw such a 
migration of Green Linnets in my life, there were thousands in 
the lanes and in our garden, and during the time I was 
watching them there was an enormous immigration overhead, 
from the sea—countless clouds—one cloud at a great elevation ; 
mere specks—and a lower stratum, quite distinct from the 
others, coming in at the same time, flying S.W. I have only 
seen locusts come in such quantities. I believe to a bird they 
were all Green Linnets.’ On October 14th, when shooting at 
Easington, I found the fields still swarming with Greenfinches. 

Passer domesticus and P, montanus. House and Tree © 
Sparrows. October 9th. Mr. Haigh noticed large numbers 
of both on coast, the former much the most numerous. ~ 

Corvus poadaors and C. frugilegus. Carrion Crow and Rook. 

- October 9th. Mr. Haigh writes :—‘These have been ‘comming, : 
in for some days, but no Grey Crows yet.’ I have recently 
an opportunity of — examining a on series of bird skins : 
collected during many years by Mr. Haigh from the Lincoln- 
shire coast, and I think there is yet much interesting work to be 
done in determining the races or varieties of some of on 

_ common birds in respect to their migratory movements and 

geographical distribution. Thus, for instance, we certainly hav 
two Starlings, our common Engli ish bird and that purple-headed 
_ eastern race which comes in October and leaves again it the” 
late spring. Then there are two Rock Pipits, the British at 
the Scandinavian forms. So also at least two races of Snow. 
_ Buntings, a larger and a smaller, and apparently a light and 
a dark variety, a colouration which is distinguishable alike 17 : 
old and young. — Larks. also vary much in size, and those which — 
. arrive on the east coast in satan: are uniformly darker on the 


CORDEAUX: BIRD-NOTES FROM-THE HUMBER DISTRICT. 361 


All these variations, however, require to be carefully worked 
out, and conclusions can only be arrived at after an examination 
of a large series of skins. 

Turdus iliacus. Redwing. October oth. A few have 
come in. 

Phalaropus hyperboreus. Red-necked Phalarope. Oct. 4th. 
One, which I subsequently saw, was shot by Stubbs at Tetney. 

Scolopax rusticula. Woodcock. Oct. roth. One seen in 
Grainsby Park. October 18th, Wind N., first flight; Skeffling, 
Kilnsea, Holmpton were the chief places, but not Spurn. A few 
also on Lincolnshire coast. 

Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. October 15th. I sawa few on the 
wing between Easington and Kilnsea. 

Plectrophanes nivalis. Snow Bunting. October 15th. One 
on the beach near Kilnsea. On the 16th, Mr. Hewetson 
noticed a flock of ten when crossing the Humber in his boat. 
November ist to 4th, ‘rush,’ great many flocks. 

Corvus cornix. Grey Crow. October 18th, first seen ; several 
near Kilnsea ; great many first week in November. 

Emberiza miliaria. Common Bunting. October r4th. 
When shooting to-day, I put up some large flocks from stubbles 
at Easington. 

Sturnus vulgaris. Starling: bicttibes 26th. Out of about 
twenty shot from migratory flocks on the coast or in the fields 
near Tetney and North Cotes and Grainthorpe, all except one 
were the purple-headed or eastern form. 

_ Motacilla alba. White Wagtail. October 28th. I saw one 
_. on a manure-heap near sare the only one I have ever seen 
Peta genie i 8 

lalaropus fulicarius. Grey Phalarope. — “October — : 

Oe was | killed by Stubbs at Tetney. 


: Toleas. sishate. Purple Sandpiper. October gist One a 


a eet, at Grainthorpe on the Lincolnshire coast. 
- Corvus fi - Rook. - November ond. Mr. Haigh wiies : 

‘ There hie Sakis the heaviest rush of Rooks I can remember. 

_ This morning on going to the coast I found them coming in 
_ from the East in large straggling flocks without intermission. — 


‘Till about 3 p.m. the flocks were never out of sight, but from 
: ‘Ss p.m. = dusk _ were not so frequent. Stubbs told me they ee 


(in 2s etl i. 


that a young bird of jens rossi was shot and lost in| 


362 AGROTIS SAUCIA, ETC., AT HUDDERSFIELD. 


To-day, November 3rd, the flight was nearly over, but Rooks 
were still arriving in small straggling flocks, or odd birds; of 
Pewits I only saw two or three larger flocks.’ I saw immense 
flocks of Rooks here on the stubbles on the evening of 
November ist. 

Geese. Nov. 3rd. Mr. Haigh saw a flock of about 200 come in 
from the east of Grainthorpe. November 7th. At Great 
Cotes, about eighty in flock flying east at daybreak. 

A large Eagle has been repeatedly seen near the Coast- 
guard Station at Grainthorpe during the latter part of October 
and early in November ; it is probably a young Sea-Eagle. 

Linota linaria. Mealy Redpoll. November 6th. A few at 
Easington. One shot from a small flock. Some Woodcock 
same day. Wind N. 


n a subsequent letter, under date of November gth, Mr. Gatke — : 


says, ‘Ornithological news there is next to nothing to be told from 
here. The weather has been too bad, stormy winds from the west 
and north-west, with deluges of rain varied by showers of hail. But 
all this October through there have been almost daily some Wood- _ 
cocks and Blackbirds. These two have an inherent defiance of — 
wind and weather, for they turn up under so adverse aspects that 
ee nonady teen’ anything about the ways of birds would fancy 
a feather 


tring. For instance, on the first of this: month, ee 


7 vies it blew ae from the west and north-west, accompanied by 
rain, two hundred Woodcock and perhaps double that number oF 
Blackt irds were captured. Robins, Leaf-warblers, and “Accentors 
and the like, scarcely any ene the autumn. . . . Alauda 
alpestris scarcely any. . . . There remains scarcely < 


- rough to follow in a small boat; described | as 
 Kittiwake, but smaller, having a youd tail, a very. sma 
and reddish feet. It was. wounded and staggered away ¢ 
_ into 0 rough water. ‘The men in the the — are e all oomert acq qu 


363 
trie YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE 
AND ITS SEVENTH YEAR’S WORK. 


THOMAS TATE F-G.S., 
Leeds; Hon, Sec. to the Yorkshire Bouider Commtttee. 


THE special sub-committees organised or projected, as intimated in 
our last report, have prosecuted their labours, in the main, satis- 
factorily during the past year 
The annual meeting of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union being 
held last November at Huddersfield, advantage was taken thereof 
to start a sub-committee for exhaustively exploring the Holme and 
Colne Valleys, two tributaries of the Calder. After a very careful 
examination of the river-gravels, the Hon. Sec., Mr. Joseph Field, 
reports that they ‘have failed to find an Erratic boulder in the whole 
_ distance from the water-shed of the Pennine to the junction with 
the Calder,’ a conclusion entirely in harmony with the observations 


Of several members of this Committee. 


The investigation of the main valley of the ‘Cader is being 
prosecuted with vigour. The reports from the river-head and its 
upper waters have not yet come in. Mr. James Spencer, Halifax, 
has supplied a valuable series of personally collected specimens 
from a ease tine saan Bridge, North Dean, Elland and 
Mirfield, fi , this Committee. — a 
es Berets ionally good w work has been done by Mr. John Burton, 

_ Horbury, iai patiently following the excavations necessary for the 


oy Horbury new sewage works, has collected several. hundreds" of ope 
__ typical boulders foreign to this water-shed. oe. 


_ Avaluable e report from Mr. Chas. W. Peet, Wakefield, cece. | 
the: valley from Thornes to ‘Stanley, completes our account of the 
Yorkshire C 


_aceompanying this report are all of small size, Se mee 004 
‘mainly along the banks of the river, no excavations ble. 


_ The distribution of these erratics is probably to ecabiy 


ae eon Elland to Wakefield Heath. Wherever excavations ve Tee a - 
ae executed, | as at Dewsbury and Horbury, the gravel-bed- bas been 
found to be continuous. |The drainage and the gas-works, at the 
former plac coved t is bed over an area exceeding two ‘square — 2 
a a 


alder, nearly to its junction with the Aire. Thespecimens 


364 TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 


the bottom not reached. Its thickness at Savile Town and Heath- 
field varied from 15 to 20 feet without finding a base. At all these 
stations, towards the bottom of the gravel bed, a fair proportion of 
the Buttermere granophyres ranged up to 18 or 20 inches in length. 
About Elland the gravels do not exceed g or 1o feet in thickness, 
while local sinkings west of Wakefield Heath, about Thornes, have 
shown the gravel-bed to have a thickness of from 34 to 40 feet. 
Excluding local rocks, the Buttermere granophyres are by far the 
most important; next come the Eskdale granites, after these rank 
the Borrowdale andesitic ashes and lavas, the devitrified phyolites 
pees rae with the Coniston ner oS ae es in es 
the present, we may say, ampl 
Scottish rock, nor of Carrock Fell, Byeae Hill, Boris rhea 
Armboth, or Shap rock has been identified in the Calder Valley. 
An efficient exploration of Holderness, with especial reference to 
_ the distribution of Scandinavian erratics, was initiated last February 
under a strong local sub-committee, with Mr. J. W. Stather, F.G.S., 
d 


rie 
out, and it is not intended that any report should be presented until ae 
at least some well-defined area is complete d. i 
The work of the Map sub-committee is not so advanced as was — 
eatiespabed: By the removal of their mapper, Mr. Chas. Brownridge, 
-A.M.Inst.C.E., F.G.S., to Birkenhead, delay became inevitable. 
Fortunately the benefit of his experience is retained, as he continues 
his connection with this committee. However, a section of our 
new Yorkshire Glacial Map, embracing one horizontal strip from 
Todmorden to Spurn Point, was submitted to the glacialists attend- 
ing the Nottingham meeting, showing how we — to i = 
a the mapping of the Yorkshire erratics. 
eS ing their attention to the area aroun 
ae Barnsley, upon which they hope to report next year, and se wi 
—— any local help that is available. — aoe 
ce During the past year the following « erratics Hive esis record 
. ss alee! by the Rev. Wa. R. Bett, Laithhirk Vicarage, Midileton-in Teesdale 
All in the Parish of Laithkirk. 
‘Suar Grantre BOULOEES ~ 


TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 365 


an 
re) 
ce) 


6. North a of field near — 


7: 
8. West abs Road S., ire Hill — a 900 
WHINSTONE BOULDERS. 


g. Near Greengates, in Lune... ee dis fio GOO 
to. In Middle Park, in Lune .. wn ves 75° 
11. Near East Field, south side a livhway os , SOO 

Remarks :— 


No. 1. By highway, north side, embedded in the ground; of 
considerable size ; smooth ; no striz. 

No. 2. In the middle of Lune, large cubical block two or three 
tons weight probably ; } corners worn off ; no strize. 

No. 3. In the Lune below the church, 3 ft. 6 in.x1 ft. 7 in. x 
2 ft. 6 in., smooth ; corners worn off. | 

No. 4. Rochon near No. 3, good size, cubical, corners worn off. 

No. 5. Formerly near No. 3, fragments still existing. 

No. 6. In Hind’s field near Lunebridge, north side, embedded 
in ground, now in the Park, Middleton-in-Teesdale ; nearly 
two tons on weighing machine 

No. 7. Close to No. 6, larger, blasted by the farmer, fragments 
still to be seen. a 

No. 8. Very similar to No. 2; blasted a shox: time ago ‘and : 
fragments now used. as copings of the ¢ Rose and oven 
garden wall. 7 

Nos. 9 and ro are very large blocks chubecided in the soil, and 
No. 11 is a cubical mass with angles rounded off. 

A few small Shap boulders may be seen in private grounds. a 

: P.S.—It is a very curious fact that all the Shap Granite boulders 
found i in this district occur only i in the valley of the Lune. — 


_ Supposin been 1 in on ice from Shap 
Sell, the mountainous ridge forming the boundary between Yorkshire 
_ and Westmorland (Lune Street), at least 1,532 feet high, would have : a 
ws be crossed, and as the mountain ridge between Lune Valley and oS 
oe Tees Valley, in its eastern part, does not rise near so high, it might Ce 
__ be supposed that a few boulders would find their Mend here and. — oS 
Le into Teesdale. : 
ae ee solid iy Ms. W. Gres, FCS, ey ee 
1.—On seabig® Farm, Tanfield, three miles horn. nee ee 
joulder, 32 x 28x 39 in., embedded about oe 
ongest axis S.E. about parallel with 
top S.E. and N.W.; about 300 ft 


iB 
g& 
nu 
PE 
He 
<z 
Be 


366 TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 


2.—On Lindrick Farm, two miles west of Ripon, a Shap Granite 
boulder, triangular, angles rounded, 18x 13x09 in.; no 
strie; resting on Lower Yellow Limestone (Permian) ; 
altitude 300. 
N.B.—This boulder has been removed to the Museum 
of the Naturalists’ Society, Ripon. 
3--—Mortham Tower, Rokeby: altitude 450 feet. Basalt, 
20 in. in diameter, inde resting on Carboutieeae 
Limestone. 
4.—Egglestone Abbey, Startforth: altitude 500 feet. Shap 
Granite, 24 x 15 x 15 in. ; subangular; resting on Carbon- 
iferous Limestone. 
5-—-Startforth, near Barnard Castle, on right bank of Tees. 
Shap Granite, 50x 36x30 in.; subangular; resting on 
Carboniferous Limestone. Shap Granite, 48 x 30 x 27 in. ; 
subangular; resting on Carboniferous Limestone. Shap 
Granite, diameter 12 in. ; rounded ; resting on Carboniferous 
Limestone. Shap Giese 32x 28 x 26 in. ; subangular ; 
resting on Carboniferous Limestone. Shap Granite, 
_30X132x10 in.; subangular; resting on Carboniferous 
Limestone. Grey Granite, 36x 18x12 in. ; aber: a 
resting on Carboniferous Limestone. Be 
6.—Pickhill, near Thirsk: altitude 100 feet. ‘Basalt, 18x1 EMD 
14 in. ; subangular ; iteonds on drift hairs _— oe 
__ Sandstone. 2 
7Sinderby, near reheat 3 altitude about go feet. Cisbohieroen: 
mestone, 30 x 20 x ed in; beget, ae on Keuper | Sand-— 
. ane: strize, N. E. an S.W., axis. 


- vi 1b M 7 CARTER . Mrrcuent, F, SA, Topi Thirsk _ 


ats 


TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEF. 367 


Reported by Mr. J. W. STATHER, F.G.S., Hull. 


Between Atwick and Skipsea, about one mile south of the latter, 


well marked striations in direction of pea axis ; sub-angular, its 
smaller or bluntly pointed end is towards W.S.W 


Reported by Mr. JAMES SPENCER, Ahroyden, Halifax. 
Collected from bed or banks of the Calder; all small and fairly 


rounded pebbles, under 3 inches. 
LUDDENDENFOOT. 


1 Borrowdale porphyrite. — 


1 Borrowdale andesite. 
Ny BRIDGE. 
Borrowdale andesite. 
i Dean. he 
t Borrowdale andesite. 
1 Borrowdale as 


: Ennerdale granophyre. : 


ELLanp. 


3 Eskdale granit 


3 Buttermere amore 
ae eens oe ophyre. 


1 Esk 
oo os ak elie se (ole 


f Muncaster grey granite, - 
1 Borrowdale ash. 


“Buttermere | coarse » granophyre . 


1 Buttermere granophyre. 
1 Eskdale granite. | 


1 - Borrowdale vesicular lay. 2, = 


4 Borrowdale ede a 


1 Borrowdale granitiferous ash. 
1 Yewdale volcanic breccia. oo 
a ‘Mountain peace So 


| Reported » Mr — Boxtox, Ho 5 y Wie 


368 TATE: THE YORKSHIRE BOULDER COMMITTEE. 
1 Red quartzite (Trias ?), 24”. 
4 Vein quartz, up to 6”. 
1 Black chert, 3 x 2 x 2". 
Many of the larger stones have merely lost their angles, but the 
smaller onés are fairly well rounded. 


Reported by Mr. CHARLES W. FENNELL, Surveyor, Wakefield. 
(Accompanied by a Sketch Plan, to which letters refer.) 
THoRNES.—Near junction of canal with river, along the side of 
Miss Jubbs’ 32-acre field (a). 
1 Buttermere oe 6x5 x4" subangular. 
5 Eskdale granite, long axes, 2 to 5” rounded. 
1 Pink felsite ole 2x 2x1" subangular. 
1 Black felsi oO. 1x11" triangular. 
THORNES.— Gravel- ai in Miss rane 32-acre field (B). 
13 Eskdale granite, $” to 2}” rounded. 
1 Muncaster grey ae 3xI¢x 4 Se subangular. 
3 Buttermere phyre, all under 1” rounded. 
1 Grey felsite (ryt), a xa 1} triangular. 
1 Borrowdal , 14x 1} x gular. 
1 Vein quartz, 1h x 1} x 1” rounded. a 
WaxeriELp. —East of L. & Y.R. viaduct to Goole, near old rifle . - 
| range (Cc). : : 
2 Eskdale granite, 1 x 3x }” rounded. 
1 Borrowdale ash, 4 x 1 x \" Siitsgallat. 


- WakerteLp.—In bend of river near where canal Sath opposite 2 
_ Kirkthorpe (D). 
as e granite, all under 1h” ‘food oe lS 
ee Grey — sis te rx}x}’ shang ee 
Kir O i 


uit gs near dam. (E). 

3 Eskdale granite, 2% ukx 14” rounded. 
Line cme eae bid x 3h x ay 
_ Do. ee 


369 
FURTHER ADDITIONS TO THE DONCASTER 
LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA. 


H, H. CORBETT, M.R.CS., 
Doncaster. 

THE following list of Lepidoptera comprises such species as I have 
found in the vicinity of Doncaster since 1890, not being recorded 
for Doncaster in ‘ Yorkshire Lepidoptera’ (Porritt), nor included in my 
‘Additions to the Doncaster Lepidoptera,’ (vide ‘ Naturalist,’ Jan. 
1891). Four species, all in the genus Zzthocolletis, are new to the 
county. ‘These are indicated by an asterisk (*). 

Several others are either very rare or have been overlooked in 
the locality, eg., Cherocampa porcellus, Macroglossa fuciformis, 
Zeuzera esculi, and Xanthia aurago. : 

Colias edusa. Common in August 1892. This species was 
also taken here in 1877, when var. Ae/ice was taken here. 

Vanessa io. Edlington Wood, Jan. roth, 1893. 

Satyrus. tithonus. Wheatley Wood, Sept. 1897. 

Smerinthus ocellatus. Larva at Doncaster, Sept. 1891. 

Chzrocampa porcellus. Wheatley Wood, at sugar, May 1893. 

Macroglossa fuciformis. Larva at Wheatley Wood, 189 3. 

Zeuzera zxsculi. Balby, 1891. 

Nudaria senex. Wheatley Wood, 1892. 

Lithosia mesomella. Wheatley Wood, June 1892. 

Lithosia complanula. Common at Wheatley Wood. 

Eupisteria heparata. Common in Wheatley Wood. © 

Cidaria silaceata. Common in Wheatley Wood. 

Hydrecia nictitans. Abundant on 1 Senecio at Ealington Wood, : 

Sept. 1892. i 

N euria ‘Saponariz. Common at sugar in a Wheatley Wood, June 
ee 
Miana furuncula. Wheatley Wood, jy ay 
. Caradrina alsines. Wheatley Wood, July 1893. 
_ Agrotis suffusa. Wheatley Wood, Sept. 1893. 
e meng interjecta. Wheatley Wood, July 1893. 
‘Xanthia SES. — Wood, at sugar, Sept. 1893. 


— at -_ in Bete Wood, . ; a 


37° CORBETT: ADDITIONS TO THE DONCASTER LEPIDOPTERA. 


Herminia tarsipennalis. Common in Wheatley Wood. 

Pyralis glaucinalis. Wheatley, 1892. 

Botys fuscalis. Dodworth Wood, May 1893. 

Scoparia muralis. Wheatley, 1892. 

Scoparia coarctalis. Abundant at Wheatley. 

Ephestia elutella. Balby, 1892. 

Clepsis rusticana. Wheatley Wood. 

Peedisca ophthalmicana. Conjsborough, 1892. 

Semasia woeberana. Common at Doncaster. 

Argyrolepia cnicana. Common in Wheatley Wood. 

Psyche roboricolella. Larvze common in Wheatley Wood. 

Scardia emortuella. Wheatley and Edlington Woods. 

Tinea fuscipunctella. Doncaster. 

Micropteryx purpurella. Abundant on birches in Wheatley 
Wood. 


Micropteryx semipurpurella. Abundant on birches in 
Wheatley Wood. 

a unimaculella. Abundant on birches in Wheatley 

ed 


teed Ne sparmanella. Wheatley Wood. 
Swammerdamia griseo-capitella. Common among birches 
in Wheatley Wood. 
Harpipteryx scabrella. At sugar in Wheatley Wood, Aug. 1893- 
eeresen assimilella. Common in Wheatley Wood. 
iella. Common among Conium at — 
Wheatley. 
_ Depressaria angelicella. Common in Wheatley Wood. 
Gelechia populella. Common in Wheatley Wood. | 
Gelechia fraternella. Abundant but very local at Wheatley. | 
_ Gelechia obsoletella. Bred from Chenopodium at Doncaster, 
pay : 
Gelechia hermannella. Abondant but very local at Doneastet, i 
1893- fe 
Argyresthia ephippella. Abundant in Wheatley. Wood, 1893: : 
Ornix guttella. Common generally. - 


ee o . Coleonten’ albicostella. ee about Ulex, at Cantey, oe 


NOTES AND NEWS, 371 


Tischeria angusticolella. Larvz at Dodworth, 1893. 
Lithocolletis lautella. Armthorpe Shaw, 1892. 
*Lithocolletis torminella. Wadworth, 1893. 
*Lithocolletis cerasicolella. Wheatley Wood, 1892. 
*Lithocolletis aucupariella. Wheatley Wood, 1892. 
*Lithocolletis cavella, Wheatley Wood, 1893. . 
Lithocolletis stettinella. Wheatley Wood, 1893. 3 
Bucculatrix cristatella. Doncaster, 1893. 
Bohemannia quadrimaculella. Wheatley Wood, July 1893. 


NOTES AND NEWS. 


yee yo _ ral of Botany for August op? ma -243) has an appreciative paper ‘ In 
of Robert Holland’ (who was n the 2nd August, sre and died on 
the i July, 1893) from the pen i his eb wiles on 1 English plant-names, 


Landes was the secsbitariutk to the  aisinguiaed ee botanist, Dr. 
bby a) és RS. of the Royal Gar ns at Kew, of the Linnean Gold Medal, 


Melani Ge 


A Monograph of the cca or pe family of the Rollers, sya the 7e1 
_ Mr. Henry E. Dresser, F.L.S., F.Z.S., the distinguished Yorkshire logi 
biped is well kno — _ fame - the author of so monumental a goes as ihe * Birds 
of Europe,’ is s ari scan It gives a complete account, 
thd 7 hand-coloared Clee of all the known species of these richly-plu 
The size is oe o —- in ey respect with the * Monograph 
: the Meropide. 


ee te Se 
All who Suboibies the record of — dactyloptera in our March number 
paper on y as a British ~~ 


‘ will learn with | i that an excel 
ae oe W. Eagle Clarke, ap in the me Peet edings 0 Edin yal 
Physical — (i802 “3 ae 24-100 illustrated by a scott plate of the York- 


shire example. species had been figured once before, and not tooaccurately, 
by its original describer, af. E. et in the Fvorseh du Musée d’Histoire 


“Naturelle * (1 Mr. Clarke has increased value of his article by appending 
os 2) of referen ees to it and i congeners. nes that — 
it seems — 


a full bil ts close 
‘ example is now Set ihe Edi gh ‘useum, cam, though = a 
el saa ae is not in some Yorkshire 


. a 
nee “Leeds geoto s have to mourn the diectia of Me. Wiliam in 
‘te beni ers, its president from 1882 to 1384, and vie hor pod pod ey 
ba eta down to his death last rte pe ember. He was 9 an active member 
of ‘the Yorkahi Polytechnic Society, si 


ie ok " gs of te a 
familiar with the best oo nage ‘scenery, and “so with the — Cape! | 


he Rhine, the Black Moves — He a native 
erley, near Leeds, and thr out his ite resident at Horsforth, where 
life, 


37? 


MARINE BIOLOGY IN THE ISLE OF MAN. 
Annual Report of _ sa Marine Biology Committee and 
their Biological Sta’ t Port Erin, Isle of Man. By W. A. 

HERDMAN, D.Sc., ‘a 

A very interesting account is giver in this report of the opening 
of the new station of this energetic Committee; and the initial 
work that has been there done gives good au of an enlarged 
sphere of well-applied usefulness. The station is admirably situated 
for marine biological work, and might be very advantageously 


is 
hate chery. Details of several dredging expeditions are given in the 
report with very satisfactory results, and there is a long list of 
workers who have used the station during the year. The Committee 
proposes to establish a marine aquarium, and to engage the services 
of a resident curator to devote’ some attention to the preservation of 
marine specimens for museum and laboratory purposes. Many 
museums will no doubt be glad of the opportunity thus offered of 
obtaining desirable objects for their collections, and they would do — 
well to make their wants known to Prof. Herdman. It is satisfactory _ 
to know that the Puffin Island Station previously occupied by this _ 
- Committee will still be continued, it having a taken by the oS 
oe eee eee of North Wales.—E. Howar : 


NOTES AND NEWS. oS 
"in Meats Britten & Boulger’s peg panei ‘Index to British and Trish ae 


Botanists,” p 8 Mrs. Hey, of Leeds, is oned as the sett. at | ihe 
oral of Face” "She alse. published in rebe coi ieee cee — 


ae Woods,’ ae 


In the recently issued Bue of the Gest Soeety of cP beaiee ¢ he numbers. 
4 Flows resident in the a nties stand as Penang gee 7: 
Lancashire _ y Chins ’ 


, Durham 15, Nottinghamshire 
oS and “Cumberland each 10, Weteomse nd and Lincoln 
: = a Isle es Man 1. 


CLASSTrigy 


373 
INDEX. 


CONTRIBUTORS. 


Adams, Lionel E., B.A., 315. 


Bailey, Matthew, 57, 80, ie 5 a Be 356. 


Baker, J. Gilbert Ase R.S. 
Baker, Walter ¥, gee ape 253, 


. M., F.Ls., ¥.G.S., 254, 309. 
» 367. 
ess, Leonard, 87, 92, 112. 
Carr, J. W., M.A., F.G.S., 202, 210, 304. 
Carter, W. ‘Lowe er, me F.G;S., 320. 
Clark, J. Edmund, 3.A., B.Sc., 366. 
: ‘Clarke, Bae a . ae M. . .U., SI. 
— me, Wf, 
ms Coe, Joseph, sees 287. 
2 Cole, Rev. . Edw. ‘tn ule, M.A.) F 


. fle “ange Se 260, 304. 
 Crewd 
Crossland, Chavle 

Davy, J: Burtt, 141. 
Sse John, ‘318. 


ll, Charl W.., 
Fierke, FW. Se 


(305 312, 317, 341. 


Pawson, Albert H., age 289, 3 
oP 


G.S., 142. 


bares, $8290. M.A.y 31 357. ie 


Kew, H. Wallis, 145. 

Knubley, Rev. E. P., M.A., M.B.0.U., 238. 

Larder, J., 264, 264, 314. 

Larder, R., 111. 

Lofthouse, T. A., 225. 

Loosmore, F. P. (Mrs.), 164. 

Marshall, i. J., 109, 164. 
Mitchell, T. ay te F.S.A., 306. 

Mosley, 4. pee F.E.S., 241. 


M.B.0.U., 81. 


Nelson, Thomas H., 
: cere William, M. c Sey 2515 


Oldham, Charles; 176. 


eacock, Rev. coh + M. he a 311. 


Peake, Edward, M.A., i t. 


ne Eg ie . 2I, 
ra ror sping ns be i me 233, 2 
1, 283, 301, 318. 


Rowinees, James H., 225, 318. 


i, Shackleton, Abraham, 16 
William, F 


+ | Water Rev J ¢ c, a Meh +3 ac oe 


374 


CLASSIFIED INDEX. 


BOOK NOTICES. 


Atkinson’s Guide to Grange and Arnside, 
114. 


Barber, Samuel.—Beneath Helvellyn’s 
Shade, 352. 
Barrett, C. G.—The ops ane of the 
British Islands 
dard, F. BAn nima mal Coloration, 80. 
Blake, j. ee —Annals of British Geology 
for aor, 


Carr, J. W. Geology and Natural History 

at Rotnsgeatias 281. 
Christy, Mi . —The Birds of Essex, 173. 
Fisher, A. K.—The Hawks and Owls of 
— = S. in their Relation to Agri- 


240. 
F hcg Bes. W.—Coleoptera of British 
Islands, vol. 4 and. 5, 342. 


Harvie-Brown, J. A., and J. G. Bar- 
tholomew.— Naturalists’ Map of Scot- 


» 340. 
Hudlestone, Wy. H.—Anniversary Address 
to Geo ~~ a <a 


eadhewe, Ww, _E. Wilson.— 
eae of British fone Gastopoda 


Geolc oe 
actions, prea ar 

rerpool M "Riley Committee— 

6th pated Be Pept, 372. 


Manchester Microscopical Sepsis Nt 


for ee A 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


ae o sos ; to. ilustrate 
: isk Barwell rare Pe by 


= Syringe Che ag mA Moore), 


gras em Pak te (Ww. Ww. Fowles), 385 3; | Ne 
oe i 


- Lathrobium rufipenne in 
ties (W. W. buseias > 
2 B phy 


oF CHESHIRE. 
hy for oe 116-137 5 a 


uk a Seren new "British. 
‘Ben Ne 


see, Geo eee Fungus Flora, vol. 

Ey 25 p yOu. 2,1 

Mello, Rev. J. youn —Geology of 
Derbyshire, ed. 2, 340. 

Mills, née “Toirotution to Study of 


Diat : 
Mills, jpeg ~The Life of a Foxhound, — oF 
J 


Mills, John.—Science and Art 
Tech ee ee ich 18935 ie 
Mitchell, F. S.—Bi of 
second edition, 1 
Nature-Lover, The, No. 


I, 324- C 
Newton, Alfred. —Dictionary of Birds, a 
part 1, 252; part 2, 324. i 
Painter, W. H.—Botany of Biddulph, 54- 
Rochdale Lit. and a — 
tions for 1891-2 = 


Saunders, Edward. — The 
Heteroptera of the British Islands, 

Sharp, D., and W. W. Fowler. “Catalogue 
of B British Coleoptera, 341. oe 

Speight, H.—The Craven and BW 


oenies” 

Neieal Selection, 247: ae 

Stoddart, Thomas Tod.—Angler’s - o 
panion, 3rd erica 2 221. ae 


ok vaca —Melanism and Melanochroism, 
brewing F. B.—The — of Derby oe 
shire 


Portrait of T. 2 Moore, 49. 
| Portrait of G. W. Shrabssl, 556 > 


cvis, 1145 deaths a 


_Heniptee - 


CLASSIFIED INDEX. 


CUMBE 


375 
RLAND. 


Bibliography for 1890, 116-137; | logical maps for Cumberland, 208 ; Lake 
Crest Northern Diver and Purple Heron | __ Country rocks microscopically described 
t oe (W. Hodgson), 4 (T. Tate), 247- . 
Chiff-chaff, etc., in the fake District | Lepidoptera : Bibliography for 1890, 
{F.B. Whitlock k), 210. | __§79-202. 
* Bibliography for ee -QI, 21 | Mammalia: Bibliography for 1889-1891, 
ine ing Botanical ‘Waite 59-74. 
shapers land (L. Pett 4 oe: | Ne europtera and T. eae Biblio- 
Plan of S.W. Comberland(id ei I poe graphy for 1888- 1892, 30: 2- 
sh oe bn oom near Penrith (J.C. Pe Notices Wollaston Donation 
mith), 264; Convallaria majalis < — to J. bs Gogachild, 865 ‘* papers 
_ Stanley Gill, a correction nies Petty), 280. | Cum Geology, I; 
Geology and : Biblio- iL Friend's t cit on British ice and 
i a for 1892, 267- =e ig as District | _—_~Earth- Worms, 
ocks in Yorkshire glacial drift (J. | Worms: Check-List of British Earth- 
Speen, 753 recently published Geo- | worms (H. Friend), 17-20. 
DERBYSHIRE. 
Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 116-137; J. M Mello’s Geo! of 
Revie ew - Whitlock and Hu pchinson's [ Shine. seoseed eat tion, p. oe ued 
‘Birds of Derbyshire’ oe Cordes), idoptera : Piblicgghes for 1890, 177- 
206-208 ; Lesser White | 202; Variety of Triphena pronuba 
well, ole! Little Grebe i: esti | _ Dovedale (R. South), 332. 
Hammer ~~. = warth) sh _M ia: entatie for 1889- 1891, 
Coleo us C¢ inus in 62-74. 
Derbyshire (W. W. Fawn en), 203 Soronia Neur and Ty: Biblio- 
punctatissima at Repton (Id.), 1 eS | graphy for feos Biba 
: Bibliography for1888- 1891,22 a : Death ah off. T . Harris, 
Geo and P; fo. 24; con ag TE wers and LG. 


graphy for 1892, 266-279; notice of 


cane robium rufipenne 
; A 


j 
| 


Wells on ‘Plants of irish, Aran, 17> 


DURHAM. : 
Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 115- 55 en Bibliography for on « 179- . 
Diptera: Bibli Rlogeaidey he 1888-1891, 21- | oe 

24. | iMecemiin: Bibliography for 1889-1891, 
“ee eee Biblio- | BP la — ae a 

graphy for 1892, 268-27 europtera and Trichoptera : ee 

| graphy for 1888-1892, Scheie en ee 
, LANCASHIRE. eo aa 
: Bibli " for I 115-1 7 3 : jaangelus 
gone N sippy, nook ge 3 3, Se tack 
: _ Murray), 172; : ; i Of Leck : 
Second ‘Editi : z ie a Binds of | 
4 —. (I — b 373-174 5 oe 
2 oon 210. ggasi a for. ange 265-2797 Glaciation — 
Soronia Oetationimnn at | _in Lancashire (J. Spencer), 75. oo 
Stretford iw. W. "Fowler 138; Lath- $ Bibliography fr 1890, pe a 


ono ae C cain) a ee 
Wi on (J. Co 24; Variety oe 
eae —————— (R. Le 


376 


CLASSIFIED INDEX. 


LAN CASHIR E—continued. 


Venus mercenaria to the Mersey (E. 
Howarth), 5 
Personal 


Notices: Mt cr 
Moore (E. Howarth), sas 34 an por- | 


trait) ; <A n’s proposed 
ries of British og awe 2 Hand 
tise as ay on the | 


Num 
114; ars ‘oon : Melvill’s 


rpool, 
Death of H. H. Higgins, 282; 
W. E. "Hoyle petit A. M, Marshall made 


M.Sa.; ; W. Moss on the Repro- 
ductive Prius of Bulimus acutus, 342. 


ies: Transactions of Rochdale 
Sci 


Titans and entific Society, 160; 

Procedure at ursions of Liverpool 

N.F. Club, 237 ; Notice of Report for 

1892 of Manches “ot Microscopical Soc., 

242; Liverpool Nat. Field Club anda 

new edition of we Flo ora of Liverpool, 
y Robert Brown 


» 342 
“ean Check- List ce British Earth- 
worms (H. Friend), 1 


LINCOLNSHIRE. 


Algz: Freshwater Alge o 
L.N,U.at Woodhall Spa aes arden 914 
Arachnida : ifer deg 
> thorpe (Wy F. baker se =a6r 
a ag en plaremiag at W oodhall (W. EF 


er), 3 
‘Birds: bibliography for — foliage 
_ Hom ict 


. Cordeaux), 103- 
soca paces. abe uth (R. 
yok names ook (J. A. co 


incolnshire 


the» 
ie Cordes 


308; Birds od about Woodhall 


a ae g.¢ Walter Rael Fird-notes from | 
: the Humber Summer and | _ 


nancy 
: (we w. "Komen 2 2533 Beetles observed | 
by L.N.U. at Woodhall Spa (W. F._ 
: Baker), a 314. 


Larder), 


(Ww. W. bbeokdye 258; Lemna trisulca 
and at ocharis morsus-ranc there also 
(F. W Fierke ), 259; inosissima 
in Lincolns hire (J. Cited 264 ; 
mollis, ete, in North : 
lants observed 
: (E. A. W. 
Peacock), 311; An Account of some of 
Rarer Plants of Spilsby (J- T- 
urgess), nas 3, 

Geology and Serres 
graphy for 332, 2 27: 
ary 
L.N.U. (F. M 254- a 
Whistler), a Geological Observations 

b L.N.U at Woodhall 
(F. M. mages 309: gil. 


a at ‘Woodhall 

Spa (W. F. Baker 7 a 890, 184- 7 

ory : Bibliogta ort e 
Wee ; cal ‘Lincolnshire 


: B for 1888. 1,21-24. Louth HL. WwW 
Pome: “gy pierre ead es 


Biblio : 


Spa 


CLASSIFIED INDEX. 


377 


LINCOLNSHIRE—continued. 


Reptiles and Amphi sare Natterjack 
at Mablethor (W. F. Nese ie 
253; Amphibians poe ay de 

Mablethorpe iW, #8 ae 
Soci Proje ee emt to aad 
feo 172; Formation of a Lincoln- | 


shire Naturalists’ Union (W. F. Ceca 

253-261; Linc. N. ; Lim 

at Woodhall so a F. Ba ker), poe a 
oophytes and Polyzoa: somes and 

beige at Skegness (J. Burtt Davy), 


ISLE. OF (MAN. 


Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 116-137. Mammalia: Bibliography for 1889-1891, 
Diptera : Bibliography for 1888-91, 21- 60-74. 
and i : Biblio- 

Gocegy and ee. Biblio-~ al and for Rane 88-1892, 301-303. 

graphy for 1892, 266-279. : G. W. Lamplugh on 
Lepi —— : Bibliography for 1890, the Dewalt of th the fe Cendouenl Survey in the 

178-20. | Isle of Man, 114. 

NORTHUMBERLAND. 

Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 115-137; Bibliography for 1889-1891, 


Coquetdale and Harhottle Bird. notes | 
_(F B. Whitlock), 83-35. 


| Mammalia: 
60-74 ; pore xe near Nottingham (J. W. 
Carr), 2 


oronia a | 
" Northumberland (W. F matting —* oe . 
eB ron ‘Age 0 of ; the Clyde area, 1443 
a se for 1888-1891, sic le ew Gonimophyllum, 160; 
| Linnean 1 Gold 3 Medal to Daniel oe: 
pe snarl Biblio- 371. 
rt ae a Soa, 267 Ee 
Bibiograpy for 1890, ioe | Worms: Check-List of British Earth- 
worms (H. Peice), 17-20. 
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
Birds : Bibliography for 1890, 1 16-137 § Flowering Plants: Paris quadrifolia, 
Bird-not es from No otts, 1892-3 (F. ‘ near Retford je =) 112. a 
_ Whitlock), 85; Bird-notes from eoloe y= Biblio- 
| Notts for 180 graphy for 1803, oe 
92; en ee : 


" WESTMORLAN D 
_Desmia Notes, with Pag of | 
es (W. ee 4 
iblic for 1890, 116-137 + a 

ond editi a 
F BR 


: : Valley F V jock, i: x 
Lit ie Gall in Notts a. )y al ee 
. : cc 


io poet Cychr 


orms: eck bok as a 
worms (HE. Friend), 17-20. 
AND FU RNESS. . 


us rostratus near UL 
verston Cag Petty), III. 


ee = 1888- $1891, 


378 


CLASSIFIED INDEX. 


WESTMORLAND AND FURNES S—continued. 


4: Carex limosa in Westmorland EC 
Smith), ~~ Paris quadrifoliawith = 
Westmorland (Id.), 
Unreco ns for North Tunes 
(Lister re pe 


Geology and Pines logy: Biblio- 
graphy = ioscing 267-279; Lake Country 
scopically described (T. 

rae a Popepencie 


bee gles Bs Bibliogranby for i Le 
Lobophora polycomm: 


eobius ope: at Windermere (G. 


Cicandion’ + 

ammialia : ieee for 1889-1891, 
Neows ; 
Neur choptera: Biblio- 


raphy for 1888-1 2, 30 
Per criooal Notices oe e Petty’ ’s List of 
Grange and Arnside Plant. 114; Lister 
etty and Bibliography of North Lan- 
cashire Botany, 282. 
Worms: Check-List val Popes Earth- 
worms it Friend), 1 


YORKSHIRE. 


Algz: Notes on the Fresh-water Algee of og 
the East Riding (W. West and G. 
obse 


293; Desmid i Notes, with page of illus- 
trations (W. B arwell Turner), 343-347. 


Mos osley); 241-242. 
: Bibliography rt "ges woes! 
Bird-notes from rict in 


anson ne 3 am- 
Bird-notes (M. Bailey), 57, 80, 


h 
171, 210, 323: 350; | Spotted Crake at 
Otterington near Driffield(W. | 


Hewett), rar Pia aues from Hum 
District in bona 1892-3 EE Condeaux), 
102-106; Waxwing near 


Foster), 111 i White: oaaed 
Sp win Iderness, Addition to 
Yorkshir SEA rdea 

Ci E. 


) "Records and Notes 


- Yor ris shire Galls, Additional 
resh Socket 


Coleoptera : Bostrichus capuchinus i 
Imported Timber at Hull (W. F. Beker: 


Beetles obse 
Moorside fiw c . Hey), 319. 
rustacea: Mic icroscopic life observed by 
ern (M. H. Stiles), 293- _ 
. 1888-1891, : : 
21-24; ir s, Additional — 
Speciesand . yo Localities(' S. L. Mosley), : 
241-242; Rhingia rostrata at Aysgarth oo 
(PB. H. Gri reseed 
Fishes: *“Gactyloptera at 
addition to the Fauna 


i” a eas 30h . Wes or 
m the Herbarium, S 
ohn Tae 
Pieh 


— Inf 


CLASSIFIED INDEX. 379 


YORKSHIRE—continued. 


(W. C. Hey), 243; Gentiana amarella 

~ and Euphrasia at Bridlington (Id.), -_ 

Ranunculus lingua near (W. 

; eee 2513 Plants = bes N. U. 

at Askern (A. H 290 ; 

aa noted “by we ae U. at Kirkby 

niet gar (Id.), ef 9-320. 

Fun; ungi: Castle Howard “Fungi, a_Cor- 

rection Oe Crossland), 58; Fungi 
by VE. Ask (Cc 


(A. Harker), 1-4; _ sim 
Calderdale (J. Spencer), 75-79; York- 
shire pogo ommittee th year’ 
work (T, te), IOQ-III; 

the Voekaine Coast (E. Maule Cole), 
42-144; the 4-mile Geological M 
East Yorkshire, 172; Geological obser- 
vations ma y, at Aysgarth 
Y- Ae Goodchild), 230-232 5 "Geology of 


W. 
U. 


_Seventh Year 7. , 363-368. 
H Work ( ate), 3 ae 


tional species wnat new ‘ocaliies Goi. | 


Mosley), 24 
usoria : 


Microso observed 
by Y.N.U. at Asketk ee L Stiles), 
_ 292-29 


3: 
Lepidoptera : pose soe ght for ate Sa 


he ‘Arctia 
gre aan er 


é om 
a monacha at Scarbo rough J. A: Clar 
elanic | : 


243 


a pane y (A. sc Hall), “ae ‘ne ‘sup: 


5-22! arieties of 
optera (GT. Porritt and G. Jackson), | — 
tat observed by | — 
_Askern i SS “Corbett, |S 


atropos . a (T. Bunker), and at 
York, and Dri iffeld (W. 


; to the 
of nest ap eae (H. - eae je 1 39:37 
Lichen Flora (A. Shack! eton be? Thee 
Hebden), 165-171. 
Mammalia: Bi bliography for erie Neos 
59-74; Otter at 
Hua ty. Cordeaus), bengal at pet 
owton Battlefield (R. Fortune), 112; 
rl ipon 


a 
Askern (R. ge harso Pig Mammals 
) ,NLG Kirkby Moor- 
side (J. Farrah), 3 318. 
Mollusca: Six- banded Helix nemoralis 
at Adel near Leeds (W. W. D. Roebuck), | 


Molieach 
contectus still Li 

315-316; Mollusca observed by ¥.0.Ue. 

at Kirkby M oorside (W. D. Roebuck), 


318. ae 
Mosses: Systegium crispum at t Beverley o 
SRST J. Beet) . 


Askern (F. W. Fi reckon erie 


380 4% 


YORKSHIRE—continued. ka 


after a beings and W. Barwell Turner, 


W. West eat a new British hepati 
Ben Nevis, 114; W. ects Pamigoty 


BULLS... 14: 

_ Mainsbridge elected F. ES. 
Gregson and J. W. Statherelecied Fe é. 8. 
I amplugh’s rs on 


CLASSIFIED INDEX. 


on the Life of Dr. McIntosh, 342; New 
pe gt Littondale by W. Bo oyd with List 
of Plants by 


pe 
Sy 
ry 


os Hall), 355 ; . Dresser’s New Mono- 

on the Geological Survey, 114; W. Bar graph of the Coraciidz, 371; Death 
well Turner’s East Indian Algz published of William Cheetham, 371; Botanical 
in Sweden, 138; R. H. Meade’s paper works by Mrs, ei A a. st, 372. 
on British Tachinide, 144; Valley in 
F. O. Morris, 160; Death of Dr. B. Winter (Ww. CH wae be Specimen 
Carrington, 160; Death N. Days on the Yorkshire Coast (WS 
Lancaster, 160; Obit moir of Hey), — 
WoC. LE (W. Gregson), 161-164; | Reptiles and Amphibi : Reptiles and 
E.G er’s papers on the Malvez, Amphibians observed by YN. cae: 
172; John Hopkinson’s Presidential Aysgarth (R. Fortune), 224 ; hibians 
Address to the Hertfo shire N. etl Oak N. U.at ern (R. Fortune), 
Society, 172; Prof. L. C. Miall’s paper 293; hibians observed at Kirkby 
on Dicranota, 172; Moorside Farrah), 31 3 
appointed to a post at “Herbarium, ransactions of Geo- — 

W. H. Hudleston’s Presidential ] nue m, 144; Yorkshire — 
Address to Geological Society, 208; Naturalists’ Union at Aysgarth (W. F. 
aper on Scottish Algze by W. West, 209; er), 224; Annual Meeting of Y. N.U. 
Deaths of G. R. Vine, J. W. Davis and = pre Find bee (W. D. Roebuck), 233- 
Geo. Brook, 282; Memo j. W. aay = ¥. NOU, at Asker ee “ 283-293 5 
Davis (T.- Hick), 305-307; H. Speight Hull Geological eae : 

1 on a new work on Nidderdale, . Holderness laciatic Ng 

Lees writing the botany for it, at Kirkby Moorside (W. F Taner), 

;_ Forster’s Portrait vt 17-323. 

Z > 314; Obi Memo Jorms : agente of frritich Earth- 
of George Robert Vine (G. i Ving pag Worms (H. Friend), 17-20 ; Lumbricus 
333-335; F. W. Fierke and Yorkshire rubesce Yorkshire — 298, 
se ane in 1893, 335; E. E. Prince - 

MISCELLANEOUS. 


Gastopods ee 


. Stainton, 45 yg 


Reeve’s series, 144.0 __ Wor: 
The Faculty of Food: Snting Po 
W- Kew), us 


ead), 
eee | 5-57; A New 
| Wats 
i Bryan's Pe om the 


oreak (1 17-203 ‘New Br 


of 

}, 295-300 ; Rosa on the 

Revision of the Lumbricidi (Friend) 
35 Becca 


e extra), 


MONTHLY JOURN AL OF 


Natural History for t North of England. 


is 
io 
8 


; OO 
= 
oO 
So 

e ena i 
<3 
Oo 7 
a} 
= 
oe 
ae 
Pere 
3s 
Q. 
Sila | 
ie 
S 

, oD 
a 
= 


WITH THE — ANCE ik SPRCTAT. DEPA RTM ENTS. | or 


The NATURALIST. 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 


w. y. Jefie—Th Geology irral, and other Papers. [The Author. 
‘Nat. Soc. Monty Cau, De 1892. - [The Socie! sie 
f Birds—2nd Ann. Repot, Sep. - Ce a Societ 
or id e Author. 
2 useum—Report of T "13c 
= Malac logiqne te de Belgique eke acces, Sept. 


‘ee {B foe. &C the cate 
al re Oo. 
ore, copa 
, Massee, ¢ 


MADAGASCAR! 
My Price List be sane HISTORY OBJECTS is at the service 
ices Gidinosibiy ‘reduced. 
). 


of all the gratis post - free. ri 
Cieccudoace ¢ in French sat German { (English not unders : 


F. SIKORA, © eS 
Naturalist, Membre de la Société vaapateenees kang de France et ae la oe 
Société Gia ied ns 2 hurich, a 
ers aoa — 


‘The authors ofthis etlogue may take sale ts their work, which has evidently 3 
eer pp oor 


execu! ey have given 
principles ae Wiech eg bs cancer poi A pila lent 
of Yorkshire, and thes mmary of the results of their 
contribution to British zo: 


THE NATURALIST 


During the next few months tt is Aaped to insert the followings articles:— 


The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Hvuserr Dacre. 
Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Hopxirk, F.LS., and P. F. tan. 
List of Birds seen in South Kelsey parish, Lincs.—Rev. H. C. Brewster. 
A New British ‘Worm.—Rev. Hitperic Frienp; FLL-S: 
Losipeds - the Neighbourhood of Lake Ulswater._Wm. Hopcsox 
ology of Tennyson—Rev. J. G. Tuck, M.A 
it ona Memoir of His Inte. T. 2 Moore, C.M.Z.S.—E, Howaxru, F.RAS. 
West Lancs.—Lisrex Perry. _ = a 
: LS. 


Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1992.— Me B. Staten, FL 


ALLS: 


, Basinghall Street, Leeds 


= 


ri 


@ssrs, McCorquodale & Co, Limited 


doce anasto 


FP 


at Gd. each, by M 


Magazine will be boun 


upplied 


cloth case for 1s, Gd, (postage extra), 


dup in 


FEBRUARY 1893. ee H E No. 211. 


WAURALIs7 


A 


MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


Natural History for the North of England. 


EDITED BY 


WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS., 

= Sunny Bank, Leeds; 

WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPRCIAIL DEPARTMENTS OF 

, Ede CHAS. P. HOBKIRKE, F.L.S., 
GEO. T, PORRITT, ¥.1.S., F.E-S., 


W. EAGLE CLAREE, F.1.S.,M.B.0.U 
W. B. TURNER, F-CS., F-R.M-S. 


ALFRED HARKER, M.A.. F.G.S., 


Gonfents: 
West Yorkshire Records and Notes: from the Herbarium, Catalogues, etc., 
of the late Mr. John Tatham, of Settle—iPiiiiam Whitwell, PLS. 33-—40 


The Ornithology of Tennysen—Aer. /udean CG. Tuck, Vie Ae mre ee 21-428 

In Memoriam—T. J. Moore—E&. Howarth, F.R.AS. 650 eee 49-54 

New British Worms—Fec. Hilderte Friend, PF L.3: os a 66—57 

gg id “4 aes ja, 1889-7 TBST — He. Denis Pectnck. F. b. Ls. Goo e §9—64 

Note—Marnma S y 22 a ae EE 

Mouth of the Humb me seme Condens, M. B00. : 

a seinen ee ea ee ee eae ST 

We. oy Poa Foe : Efatit Peace Be 2F E Pox 5 ee tS. q 
Nate Lt eer ee my. ee $ 2 

Mote—Fuegt 8 ks pees eS 58 

c Paneer one — Piincehowk : : 


te—Botany - : 
aces elenium i in Furness. z. Bald. 


— sorposed Sextoroush specimens of Lipa as, ee. Gen. 7 Powrit 


The NAIURALIST. 


ce Be 
BOOKS RECEIVED. 

It is requested that until further notice all Exchanges and Books sent for Review be 
addressed to ‘ The Editors of The Naturalist, Sunny as Mr. Percy H 
Grimshaw, having aceepted an appointment in the Edinburgh micina Wi sana 
and Art, is leaving Yorkshire. 
tbourne Nat. Hist. Soc.—Trans. N.S., Vol. 2, Part 6, 1891-92. a Society- 

ig e Socie 


Peterborough N. H., etc., Soc.—-2ot nn. Report, 1892. ociety. 
ourn. of Conchology, Vol. 7,.No. 4, October, 1892. [ fae Society. 
Revue B ique, r9¢ Année, 1892, Nos. 5-6 [M. T. Husnot, redacteur, 
The Annals of Scottish Natural History, No. 5, January, 1893. he Editors. 
Societas Entomologica, Jahrg. 7, Nos. 8, 15-18, ose Dez., 92. = ea . F. Dobrée. 
New York Microscopical Soc.—Journ., Vol. 9, No. 1, Jan ‘The Society- 
- Neptunia, Anno 2, No. 22, Ott., 1892. [Dr. David Levi- oe Redattore. 
‘The Mediterranean Nat., Vol. 1, No. 19, Dec., 1892. . H. Cooke, editor. 
@ Essex Naturalist, Vol. 6, No. 11, Nov. 1892. - Essex Field Club. 
The Midland Naturalist, several Nos. to complete set. [Birmingham N.H.S. 
atural Science, Vol. 2, No. £1, Jan. 1893. {Macmillan & Co., Publishers. 
Die Schwalbe, Jahrg. 16, No. 24, Dec. 31, 1892. _ [Orn, Vereins in Wien. 
cience Gossip, No. 337, Jan. 1893. [ Messrs. aeaped & Windus, publishers. 
The British Naturalist, Part 25, Jan. 1893 hn bson, editor. 
The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 17, No. 193, Jan. 1893- ‘tl. E ‘Banting, editor. 
N Notes, Vol. 4, No: 37, Jan. I he Selborne Society. 
The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan. ¥ The Editors, Dublin 
Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. zo1, Jan. 1893. b. Ent. CL, 

Ed. Saunders. —T he Hemi iptera Heteroptera of the British Islands, cl. 8vo, 1892. 
. Reeve & Co. 


Osmund W. Jeti. The Geology of Wirral, &c., 4to, cl, 1892. [The Anthor. — 
Society for Protection of Birds.—2nd Ann. Report, ag 30 Sep., 1892.[The —— 


cs ——— des Chercheurs et Curiéux, 20 Avril, 1892. 
ii y Committee.—Sixth. rors Rep eet i pete 
The Midland Naturalist, No. 181, a 1893. ia ngham N.H. 
ne . 


i 
Geology.—Transparent Sections of various kinds of fossiliferous sal : 
beantiful secti ifex 


ce to olay and bird-skinners in our 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD 
AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION. 
Eptrep py J. W. FULT, P-h-S. 


Vol. III. commenced Jan. rsth, 1892. Subscription 6s. post free. 


An Illustrated nesta —_ of General Entomology, devoted specially 
to g Sibir of British working Pigg Se oat published 15th of each month. 
Vol. LT. ices pais 5th, 1892. Subscription, 6s. post free, may be sek to 

the Editor, c/o Mr. E. Kniwhty 18 and 19, Middle Street, Aldersgate, ¥. 


THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY’S LIST OF 
British Land and Freshwater Mollusea, 


L822. 


Comritep ny W. NELSON, W. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.L.S., 
4xp J. W. TAYLOR, F.LS. 


Price 2d. each, by post 2id.; or is. 6d. per doz. post free. 


This List is to be obtained of the Honorary Treasurer (LroneL E. ADAMS, B.A., 
15, York Road, Northampton) or oe the ae org of the Conchological 
Society, who may be addressed at the seeds 


, WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 


“HE ZOOLOGIST: A Monty Journal ‘of si Geet od Named History. Edited by — 
- B. HAgtine, PLLS. articles, by well-known Naturalists, on 
ere , branch of Zoology, 7 ety on oie te its eat occurrences of ‘Quadra ipeds, 
Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Molluscs, and Insects.” Price 1 - 
he Stoner ss AND D BIRD-SKINNING : A er ae Description cot 


S$ and Ese of Birds which Breed 1 = Brita y Epwarp News 
Seconp. on Wit rections for Collec tine sad u Presers rca : 
— on Bird-skinning. By. ‘MILLER Curisty. Cloth extra, Fp. Svo, price e 


ood i deed, and can be ther oughly recommended. ees: ‘Asterling book for 
‘alegre phone caper wen Aig The arrangement is perfect.'—2Vee. ee — : 
alterweh No wonder a second edition is called { Graphic. 


~ es WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 64, Hatton Garden = - 


tree NAT U RATIS SE. 


During the next feve moarnths it ts hated to insert the following articles :— 


Ornithological Notes from North Notts. for 1691-92.—Lronarp Burress. 
Glacial Boulders in a AMES SPEN 
Porge Valley in Winter.—Rev. W. C. Hey, oa 
The Plants of Leck and Ruane ood, West Lanes.—Listrer Petry. 
hist of Birds seen in South Keisey a Lines.—Rev. H. C. BrewsTer. 
A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. 
Plora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Ullawater._We . Hoveson, A:L.S. 
The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Hurert Dace 

ort on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Hosxrak, : L.S., and P. F. Lee. 
Report on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepaties for 1892.—M. B. Starer, F.LS. 
Specimen Days on the Yorkshire Coast —Rev. W. C. Hev, M.A. 


| Now véady, Bvo. cloth, price 6]-, post free. 


LIST of YORKSHIRE LEPIDOPTERA, 


By G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S. 
Contains copious records of the localities, &c., of the 1,340 species of macro- 
and micro-lepidoptera known to inhabit the county ; particulars of local variation. 
in species ; with all other necessary information on the subject. 


To be had only from the Hon. Secretaries of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. 


WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, Sunny Bank, Leeds: 
e. PONS SONBY KNUBL EY, Staveley Rectory, Leeds. 


‘NATURALIST’ REPRINTS. — 


No. To List of Lend and Freshwater Mollusca of eemgascivasinia by Rosexr 
: : TTANDEN. 
No. steers from Heligoland for the year 1886, by Hers RICH GATKE, 


No. Hi. “etgtek ty y JOHN Conpear x, M. BE, OU. _ autotype plate of 
Mews of Mr. Gitke’s gar den } Poe 
X§ iv. Bin ty (Vorkahi ) by Epcar RO 
Warne, ¥. B.S, bgad eee oe fe 


_ NINEPENCE EAC = 
the Publi 


cc Sipe SR Ze 


aceasta an an 


wire THE ASSISTANCE bis SEECTAL DEPARTMENTS oF. 


gz HAS. Pp HOBKIRK, EI 1s. 


ae Cae L.S.,M.B.O.U., GEO.T. PORRIT 
‘ALFRED HARKER, BALES pe we RNER. 


The NATURALIST. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 31st of March is the 
latest date at which Subscriptions oe the current year are received at the prepaid 
rate - 5/- 


ptions sent later the year can only be 
socompanied by the ns iomtnate for he ictawing. ise 
Il other cases the Subscription is 6/6, post free 


accepted at that rate if 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 


Sa od ec ee ee eee age lapginid rine RAT 
to ‘ The Editors of The Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leeds,’ as anes dae 
Grimshaw, having accepted an appointment in dia talichncg's Mesias 


Bucher-Verzeichniss—No. 409, Zoologie : Geographia Animalium, n 


[Fr edlander & Sohn. 
New Zeala urn. >, Vol. 1, Nos. 5 &6, nee -Noy. ib. [The Editor. 
Northamptonshire a at. H eee rnal, Nos: 49 to 52, for a [Society 
Nat. _— ow. Peseta. Vel, 3,p , 1889-92 oa [Th .¢ Society. 
Bericht ub. an se Vv. ¥riedinder Sohn, N 3,1892,Jul.-Sp. [Pubs. 
“aes Notarisia, 2 Gennaio 1893. [Dr. G. B. de Toni, 0 attore, bare Italia. 
Manchester Geological ee rans., vol. 22, part 3, The Society. 
Nat. Hist. fourn., No. 145, — 15, ee {j. E. Clark & others, editors, York. 
The Nautilus, Vol. 6, No. 9, January 1 sbry, etc., Editors. 
Entomologists’ Ree. & Jn. ae Vv: nication: Vel 4,Nos. 1,2, iS to 15, 1893. ges <4 
Naturz Novitates, 1892, Nos. 22-24, Nov.-De riedlander & Sohn, pu 


C. 7 P 
bourne Nat. Hist. Soe. Trans N.5., Volk. i bee 3, 1888-89. [The Society. 
Journ. of Conchology, Vol. 7, No. 5, January, 1893. eect areas Sues Society. 


ts Mediterranean Nat., Vol. 1, Nos. 20, 21, Jan.-Feb., 1893. - H. Cooke, editor. 
Essex Naturalist, Vol. 6, No. 12, Dec. i 3- [The ee nes Club. 
Die Schwal aenen rE 17, No. E; 7 exo 15, 1893. [Orn. Ver n Wien. 
Science Gossip, No. 338, Feb. 1893. [ Messrs. Chatto & Wisden, one hers. 
_ The British Naturalist, Part a February 1893. {John E. Robson, editor. 
The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 17, No. ro4, Feb. 1893. []. E. Harting, editor. 
Nature Notes, Vol. 4, No. 38, February 1893. [The Selborne Society. 
‘The Irish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 2, February 1893. [The Editors, Dublin. 
_ Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. 202 ,Feb.1893.  [Camb. Ent. Cl, U.S.4. 
~ Entomologists’ Record.—Special Index to Vol. 3, 1892. ‘[Editor. 


Ww. AL Painter.—Botanical Walks round Derby, 8vo reprint, 5 pp, 1892. (Author. 


Geology.- — Transparent Sections of various. — of fosiliterous and 
other rocks. SpEctaL beautiful sections v Coal Plants from Halifax * | 
_ Hard Bed Coal, eae Ve to 2/6 each. els sent = gpa ee known oe 

Coastin ‘JAS. SPENCER, 3 "Salisbury dhe Hali fax. 


fe 


foolscap ata, with illustrations, 


Price is.3 post free Is. 3a. 
THE GEOLOGY OF WIRRAL, © 
AND OTHER PAPERS, | 
By OSMUND W. [EES - 
Liverroot.: B. HARAM & CO.,'12, PReEson’s Row. 


INDISPENSABLE TO STUDENTS AND COLLECTORS. 
THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY — 


Edited by JOHN W. TAYLOR, FS. - 
Contains Descriptions and Figures of New ss aoa and Varieties, Geographical 
S, ~— Jriginal Articles, dealing with all departments of the science, pe i¢ 
ing Conchologists of the day. —VoL. VI. Commence! ciate itil. Vi 
ri IT, 111., FV., and V. may tt ad. 


@PHE NATURALIST. 


During the next few months it is hoped to insert the fetlowing articles:— 


Forge Valley in Winter.—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. 
List of Birds seen in South Kelsey ey parish, Lines.—Rev. H. C. BrewsrTer. 
A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. tC Hes Hey, } MLA, 

Flora of the Neighbourhood of Take U Uliswater._Wm. Hopcson, A.L.S. 
The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Hv BERT Dacre. 
Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.— —C. P, Hosxie«, F.L.S., and P. F. Lee. 


oo Peo on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Scater, F.LS 


oe Days on the Yorkshire Coast —Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. 
Adaigions, pocd — Lichen-Flora of =o ‘Yorkshire.— A. SHACKLETON and 


“Now noe complete, 8vo, cloth, with C sinired Map. price Al is. od 


FLORA OF WEST YORKSH 


By FREDERIC ARNOLD LEES, M. Re S., etc. 


Soe which forms heed Volume of the Boimceal Series of the Tra 
the most — of > vd ever issued for any Basie inal 
acne ol Gna c neice, mea ar? : 


lk 


ssrs. McGorquadale & Go, Limited, Basinghall Street, Leeds 


2 bound up in cloth ease for 1s, 6d, (postage extra) 


APRIL 1893. TH E No. 213. 


re fg c 
Hike 
E < 
ss 


“a 4 i. 


Ss f Sie 


—w 


A 


MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


Natural History for the North of England. 


EDITED BY 


WM. DENISON ROEBUCK, F.LS 
Sunny Bank, Leeds ; 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE IN SPRCIAT. DEFARTMERTS OF 
CHAS. P. HOBKIRK, F.f..S., 
GEO. T. PORRITT, E.L.S., F_E.S., 
W. B. TURNER, F.C.S., F_B-SS. 


J. GILUVERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.1. 
<a) = W. EAGLE CLARKE, F.1.-S., M-B.O.U. 
ALFRED HARKER, M.A.. F.G.S., 


The Plants of Leck and Neighbourhood, Lancashire— Lister Pett o7—102 
Bird-Notes from the Humber Dist rict in Laie Winter wed 1998-3 Corrente. -. 
AD_B.O,¢ ; 103—106 
Review: The Craven ‘Highlands— WDR. - 1aT--108 
Yorkshire Bou mittee and its Sixth Year's Work— Thos Tate, 
PGS, 10g—Tt 
Lithocoltetis cerekicaialha: "Species New ‘te the British ' Fauna, at 
ns feos & aot IEC.S. : ae nz 
American White-throated Sparrow in Holderness : An Addition to the York- fe 
shire Loa tga Ses Cordeaux, BOT... 4 1g114 
Bibliography : Birds, 1890—/V 9. Denison Roebuck, Rie 2 eggs 
pee ata cd pe Be ? 
Variation in Yorkshire Lepidoptera—c. 7. Porritt, BLS, Fe. S, 
Herrings Confined in a Pond—//. Moody Foster. an 
408, 12 


~ om 


on "Waitin Cn herkand Lister Petty: Pars dria a th 9 ‘Note 


near: ees Larder ; ‘Oecurrence: ‘ the “Bolnemian Waxwing pear : 
- Hall. 0 Foster: oe pe 
 Cychras rostrarus near Utienoneieer eetts, see 
amveradia. 
Badger on Towton ‘Baotcle he Porta, F285 ‘easy F Appian of + the 
apse Denison: Roe: ghacke, PLS 


Waxwings near 


a ve os 


ee 


CP RE 


SEE SECOND PAGE OF COVER. 


eb ca Si 


NOTIGE TO SUBSCRIBERS. 


[he NAIURALIST. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the 
latest date at which Subscriptions for the current year could be received at the 


e of 5, st free. 
Subscriptions sent new can = be — at that rate if accompanied 
pscripti follow 
n all other cases the Sehecsictae | is 6i6, post free. 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 
it is requested that until further notice all Exchanges and Books sent for Review be 


addressed to ‘ The Editors of The Naturalist, Sunny Bank, Leeds,’ as Mr. Percy H- 
Grimshaw, having accepted an appointment in the Edinburgh Museum of Science 
left Yorkshire. 


Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc.—Mem.& Proc 5 sEeee vol.7, No. 1,1892-3. {Society. 
Eluddersfield Nat. Soc.—Mouthly Circular, N $..35- “36. jJan.-Feb., 1893. [Society. 
_Grevillea, quarterly record of Crypt. Bot., No. =i Mch., 1893. [Mr.G. Massee, ed. 
Revue Bryologique, 20° Anné, 1893, Nos. 1-2. [M. - Huseot: Soghacm Cahan. 
ee ee Fe: es 19, Januar, 18903. Mr. N. F. Dobrée. 
Neptunia 08, No. ¥, Gennaio, 1893. [Dr. David Levi- Morenos, Redattor 
The Midland ‘Nataralist, Agee ae -3, Feb.-March, 1893. [Bi irmingham N. Hf. ‘. 
“ache Science, Vol. 2, No. 13) March 1893. Ebsco . —. gga ty 
3 aa = ict.-Dec. * 


ie 


Bericht iib. i 
Teihestes Ales is vol. 22, parts at Ss a tT he con 
Nat. Hist. Journ., No. eg Mesh: I - pone {. E. Clark & othets, titors, Yorks 
The Nautilus, V ol. 6, Nos. 10-15, Feb.& March, 1893. fH. A. Pilsbry, ete., Editors. 
ntomologists’ Rec. & fn. of Variation, Vol. 4, No. 3, March 15, 1893. [ oe 
: 


Nature: Novitates, 1893, Nos. 1-4, Jan.-Fe [Friedlander & Sohn, pubs. 
jens oaesie pers Vol. 2, “Se ase Ma ee ce H. Cooke, editor. 


WORKS ON NATURAL HIS! 


HE ZOOLOGIST: A ‘Mont thly oad of Nat 


every “branch of 7 
Birds, Reptiles: Phas Molluscs, ‘and Insects. Price 1 


ery good indeed, and can be t 
the pees. sts ‘ae hind saeers 3 in our . 
‘A wonderful shillingsworth.” Ne ‘wonder a second ov eon 


ORY. 


ural History. Edited 
2 — Belesox ss ee nal articles, gaa psiae IL-known Naturalists, on 
habits es of Quaciupeds, 


2 Sh ee ee 
Pit k: NATURA iis fF. 
uring the next few months it is hoped to insert the fo a articles:— 
List of Birds seen in South ae — Gines.—Rev. . BREWSTER. 
A Woodland Tragedy.—Rey. W. C. Hey, M.A. 
FPlora of the Neighbourhood of Lake ‘Gitewntes: —Wa. Honesdx; AES. 
The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Husrerr Dacre. 
Heport on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Hoskirk, F.L.S., and P. F. Lee. 
Report on Yorkshire gotcha and Hepaties for ae as B. Siavrer, FES, 
i i Rev. W. C. 3 : 


Se at the nestinsrcin of West Yorkshire—A. Srackiscron and 


The é sare ie Food-finding in Gastropod Molluses.—H. Wattis Kew, F.E.S. 
The Erosion of the rapa Coast.—Rev. E. Mavure ne M.A., 
A New Species of Lumbricus.—Rev. Hitpexic Frrenp, F-L.S. 


THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF 
British Land and Freshwater Mollusca, 


isoso2. 


ComPILeD py W. NELSON, W. DENISON since: ELS 
AND [. W. TAYLOR, F.LS 


Price 2d. each, by post 2id.; or 1s. Gd. per doz. post free. 


This List is to be obtained of the Honorary Treasurer ‘ua E. ADAMS, B.A., 
15, York Road, N f the wary Secretary of rag Conchological 
Society, who may be addressed af the Philosophical Hall, 


A HANDBOOK OF 


TE SBRATE FAUNA of YORKSHIRE 


Being x © ishes, showing = 
ee ee 


pi ane - rs So es 


wm. EAGLE CLARKE, F.LS., & WM. DENISON expiry F LS oe 
A . May BE H AD OF THE AUTHORS ea 
= LOVELL REEVE a — 3 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDES, LONDON hose 
‘EXTRACTS FROM REVIEWS. oS. 
is catalogue may take 2 pride in their work, which frm nce re in a 
Seg fed sda cocoate o 
ee avon ae hale : 
ee ne “—ndtinn, inte Nat. ee 
werk is je oman kind— A theneuss ae 


MAY 1893. 


“MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


Natural History for the 


F.LS..M. 


lhe NAIURALIST, 


—— > 
SUBSCRIPTIONS. 

The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the Sist of March was the 
latest date at which Subscriptions for the current year could be received at the 
prepaid rate of 5/-, ee free. 

Subscriptions sent now can y: be — at that rate if accompanied 
by _ Subscription: be the fo dow owin me yea 

In all other cases the Subscription is 6/ 6, post free. 


“enhaiee RECEIVED. 
All Exchanges and Books sent for pen should be addressed: 
 *The Editors : the Naturalist, c/o . Leonard Hawkesworth, 
49, ee oe Leeds,’ as he 03 pane the Editors in this 
Departmen’ 


cyanea Nat. Hist. Soce.—Trans., vol. ae parts Pe Feb.-Apl. 1893 [Society. 
e Lit. and Sci. Soc.—Trans., vol. 3, 1891- 

pees Mactan: Sydney. —Cat of No. ‘s Aasaian Maauadk oo Trustees. 

Australian Museum, Sydney.—Records, Vol. 2, No. he Trustees. 

The Midland Naturalist, No. 184, April 1 1893. (iiscinpaen N.H.S. 

Natural Science, Vol. 2, No. 14, April 1893. [Macmillan & Co., Publishers. 


Nat. Hist. Journ., No. Scie April 15, 1893. [J. E. Clark nee editors, Yorks. 
The Nautilus, V al. 6 o. £2, Apnil 1893. [H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors 
Entomologists’ Ree Ie bes sid arrag o Vol. 4, No. 4, April 15, 1893. [Ed Se 
Naturz Novitates, 1893, eae — {Friedlander & Sohn, pi 
The Mediterranean Nat., 2, No. 1 1893. +ELC cae ener 
Die Schwalb ie Jahre. 17; wed heat = eo [Orn. Vereins in Wien. 
Science Gossip, No. 340, April 1893. { Messrs. Chatto & Windus, Leese 
The British Naturalist, Part 28, April 1893. {John E ; editor. 
The Zoologist, 3rd Series, Vol. 17, No. 196, April 1893. _[J. E. aus, editor. 
Nature Notes, Vol. 4, No. 40, April 1893- [The Selborne Society- 
‘Fhe Trish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 4, April Fs does Editors, Dublin. 
_ Psyche: journ. of entom., Vok 6, No tse A 1893. [Camb.Ent. Cl, U.S.A. 
_ York School Natural History Socie oceans Aonual Report, 1893. [The Doe 
_ Entomological Soc. of Lordon—Trans, for 5 e Societ 
Mineralogical Migs, Vol. ro, No. a March eg [Mineralogical Soci sty. 
Notarisia, Ann. 7, Nos. 33-34, Oct. -Déc. g2. [Dr. David Levi- Morenos, Redattore. 
The Cone — Vol 2, No. 5, ee is pw. E. Collinge, editor. 
Yorkshire County Mag., April 1393. {J}. Horsfall Turner, editor. 
‘The Annals of § Scottish Natural History, age 6, April 1893. {The Editors. 


Joucks os Conchology, Vol. 7, No. - 6, A Hd S63 energy —— 
‘Birds of eS B. Whitloc es [ Messrs. B > pubs. 


: = British Noctuss eand t their Varieties . : 


By SW. TUTT, Fes. : 
tack Vols we sc per Vol. to those who subscribe Lad the whole work direct 
» Rayleigh vila ‘Westcombe Hill, $.E. 


N SM & MELANOCHROISM IN — 
has Been ie 


ae Bie 
to the 


By FREDERIC ARNOLD LEES, M.R.CS., ete. 


This, which forms the 2nd Volume of the ‘ened Seieeur the ‘Transactions, i perhaps 
the most iar wes = the kind ever issued for any district, including detailed and full. 
records of 1, and Vascular Cryptogams, rr C! +348 Mosses, 108 — 
258 tien: fim "Fe Gaee eee 382 Freshwater Alga making a total of Eee species. 


Lonpon: LOVELL REEVE & es Pe Henrietta Strect, Covent Garden 


Or the elon 


tte NAT U RA DIS 'E. 


: During the next few months tf is 2s ta insert the following articles:— 
A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. MA 

- Plora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater. —W. Hopcson, A.L.S. 
‘The Yorkshi a(ticcgrre Dacre. 

: - Hopxir«, F.L.S., and P. F. Les. 
e Mosses and Fispatics for 1892.—M. B. Starter, F.LS. 
Days o on the Yorkshire Coast.—Rev. W. C. Hev, M.A. 
‘ti 


f. 
> chen-Plora of West Yorkshire.—A. Seacxieron and 
as HESDEN. 


e ev. HiLDERIC apes E. Ls. i 
Notes. on. he Disalaiier eek of the Eas a of Yorkeaie 
at, West, F.L.S., saseed by G8 a ST a . 


es, OF 


ob he Aurion, rs ; 
SON es Deny nD Li 


JUNE 1893. 


MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


atural History for the North of England. 


EDITED BY 


a GILBERT BAKER, FRS., LS. 
w EAGLE CLARKE, F.L.S.,M.B.OU., 
ALFRED | BAREEY. M.A. : EGS. 


The NATURALIST. 


ee Enka, eon eaten 
sents ine aan 
The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the 
latest date at which dicttactine a the current year could be received at the 
ee, 


. 
riptions can = be accepted at that rate if accompanied 
by the Sahectipbiod ‘ee he foll 
In all other cases the Subsctiption t is 6/6, post free. 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 


Exchanges and —_— sent for Review should be addressed: 
‘The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, 


brane Street, Leal as he will assist the Editors in this 
Revue aE 20° Anné, 1893, No. 3 [M. T. Husnot, redacteur, Cahan. 
Societas Entomologica, Jahrg. 7, Nos. mes, Jan. -Marz 1893. [Mr. N. F. Dobrée 
Secietas Entomologica, Jahrg. 8, bad Apl. 1893. {Mr, N. F. Dobrée. 
Manchester Geological Soc.—Trans., vol. 22, part6and 7, 1893. [The Society. 
Berwickshire Nat. Club. ng Slee for 1890- 1891. The Club. 
Manchester Museum, Owens steno 3, Museum Handbooks. [The Museum. 
' Smithsonian Institution.— Report for 1890. [The Institution, _ 
Marlborough Co lege Nat. Hist. Soc.—Report, 1$92. The ape ety. 
Pag soma Nat, Field ec dciicgaee ¥ for 1892. {The Club. 


Procés-verbaux, Fuly aegis oe = 


Hipp st Acad. of Nat. Sci.—Proc., 1892; Part 3, Oct.-Dec. facta 

Manch. Geog. Soc., Journal, vol. 8, Nos. 1- Jan.-March, 1892... __— [Soeiety. 

New ¥ a ss RE Soe. —Journ. -» Vol. 9, No. 2, Apl., 1893. [The Society. 

Biche Verein Sd 409 and 411, Zoologie : Geographia Animaliunt, n.d 
Friedian 


The Essex — N= i Nos. 1-3, Jan.-Mch., 1893. Seems Essex Field Clu 

Natural Science, Vol. 15. May t [Macmillan & Co., Pub Aaa 

Nat. Hist. ote No. Te ‘May 15, 03 U- EE. Cl gh editors, Yorks. 

Entomologists Rec. & Jn. of Variation » Vol. 4, No. 5, May 15, 1893. [Editor. 

Naturce hae 1893, Nos. 7-8, April. {Fr iedlander & & Sohn, pubs. - 
. 


ca 
p 
r 


5, ieee 
ce — poe cb 6, No. sti a 1893.  (Camb.Ent. Cl, U.S.A. 
: equacy of * Ses ural Selec — Herbert Spencer. he Author. 
Ofecial To Book of eau Societies [Chas Griffin & Co. Lid., — 
Ten Geological Pam ps Bee . G. Goodchild, F.G.S..- ‘Fhe Author. _ 
Address delivered before the Geol. Soc., Lond. [W. H. Hudiles = MLA. author. oe 

. Lani 8 of Calamites. ee Hick, B.A. B. Sé., Sra. reprint. (The he Autho E. 

_ Nuova Notarisia. - Serie 4. Maggio. 189. 


8 ie 
G. B. de Toni, a Padova, Abe, ene 


Liverpool | Marine ig Biology C ‘om. Ann. ge 19z. [Dr. A. Herdman, — oe 


. ——— Nat. Sve Se 


Es uridnaiia es ent be _ [The Soex ciety 


THE BRITISH NATURALIST. _ 
A eho # areal, a Seal Pe, fo Sic get spice sioe) 


Dr. ELLIS, Li 
G. ELISHA, London. apee SYDNEY WEBB, Dover. : 
Price Six Shillings: per annum, ‘post free. ie a 
Monthly Supplements are ‘Sg intended ee when 2 gomplete ses att of the 
Various groups treated upon. ow pong is a Natural 
J. W. Dale, of Glanvil Woe It contains an account mat ot allt 
bibliographical details of the references to the various a in the e Enionological, walk ol of the 
past i the most complete wor! ae eee 


two centuries, Taine ee 
4: ea 


THE NATURA LIS? : 


During the next few months it ts hoped to insert the following articles:— 

Notes on the Presh-water Alge of the East Riding of Yorkshire.— 

Wm. Wusr, F.L.S., assisted by G. S. WEsT-. 
A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. 
Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Ullswater.—Wsm. Hoveson, A.L.S. 
The Yorkshire Derwent and its. —— Dacre. 
Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Horxtex, F. sees and P, F. Ler. 
Report on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Starter, F.L.S. 
Specimen Days on the Yorkshire Coast.—Rev. W. C. aoig M.A. 
A Wew Species of Lumbricus:—Rev. Hiiperic Ferenn, F.L.S. : 


JORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 


: Tr car. A Mentiy. Journal of Natural History. Edited by. 
; the E. — ELS. —, — les, by well-known Naturalists, nm 
of Zoology, t bits and ane of 4 eds 


a 


- DIRDSNESTING AND Sra ere Cie Compete —— of the 
i) Nests and Picedl Birds which Breed in Britai ee b NEWMAN. 
SECOND a Directions for Collecting and Pacino and a. 
‘Chapter on Bird-skinning. By MrL 
: ood indeed, and thoroughly recommended.’ A sterling book for _ 
suena rata ee Nat eae = 


No wonder @ second edition is called : 


LER CHRISTY. Cloth extra, He es price 15. 


JULY 1893. aR No. 216. 


‘MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


Natural History for the North of : Engl 


op oe BAKER. ERS. FL —_ Sey 


The NATURALIST. — 


SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
e Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 31st of March was the 
é ate at which ig age ag for "ihe current year could be received a the 
anil ge rate of f Sl] 
Subscriptio only Laid nego at that rate if accompanied 
by the Sahat. Hee me follo owing y 
In all other cases the Subscription is GI6, post free. 


or RECEIVED. 


All Ex and sent for Review should be addressed: 
‘The Editors of mg Rca gas c/o Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, 
Fenton Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this 

ig. Fenton, : 


Grevillea, quarterly record of Crypt. Bot., No. too, June 1893. [Mr.G. Micieh ot 


Neptunia, Anno, No. 4, Aprile 1893. [ Dr. David Levi- gg taiarr mag ore. 
Ben cht ttb, . -V Verlagsthatigkeity Friedlinder& Sohn, No. 25, Jan.-M [ Pubs. 
Cardiff Nat. —Report — oe Bs 24,Part 2, ste -2. [Th ws Society. 
Nuova hae a, Maggio r. de Toni, redattore, Padova, Italia. 


The Midland Morava: bia 185: 6, May a June 189 [rena com m N.H.S. 
The Nautilus, er 7, Nos. 1-2, May and June 1893. fH A. fete — Editors. 
York School Natural H. istoty Societ ye 5s Annual es ea e Society. — 
The Conchologst, Vol. sa No. 6, June 24, 1893. BE. Collinge, © editor. 
ical S: —Trans., vol. 22, part ‘The Society. 
he Essex Netacdee Vol, 7, Nos. 4-5, ‘April-May ee {The Essex Field Club. 
Natural Science, Vol. 2; sss, apr — 93. {Macmillan “& Co., Publishers. 
at. Hist To. geal Is, I [}. E. Clark & others, editors, Yorks. 
msshsatige bl ec. & Jn. sf alc ot et es 6, June 5 | Mig [Editor. 
aturze Novitates, 1893, Nos. 3-10, Feb. [Friedlander & Sohn, pubs. 
ycience Gossip, No. 342, June £893- Acero Gata & Windus, publishers. 
ritish Netn ralist, Part 30, June ohn E. Robson, editor. 
legit. ye Series Vol. 1, No. es June 1893. U E. Harting, editor. 
Nature Notes, Vol. 4, No. 42, June 1393. [The Selborne Society. 
The Trish Naturalist, Vol. 2, No. 6, June 1893. [The a ee 


| 0 toe bl tot tt a 
jie 
at 


em 
a 


_ Dictionary of Bir Newton. t 
Leeds fa span Lit. Sa: Complete Set of ¢ Annual Reports. [The Society. 
gs cnoOwn, v. Harry Jones. The Author. 
The Me oetnae Nat, Vol. 3, No. 24, Fane 1893. -—s[f. H. Cooke, editor. 
mats er Jahrgang 17, No. 6, June 16, 1893. i ay in Wien. - 
+ with a list of the West Indian Species. [T. D. A. Cockerell. 
akecdinins of cE ‘Academy 0 of Natural Sciences of "Piladelphia, 1893. Part tf, 
Jan. to March. [Smt ithsonian Institution. 
een 


- HANDBOOK OF ‘THE 


Foolscap 4fo, with Illustrations. Price ts, 3 va free 1 ae. 
THE GEOLOGY OF WIRR: 
AND OTHER PAPERS, _ . 

By OSMUND Wo JEFFS: . 
Liverroo.: B. HARAM & CO., 12, PREESON’s Row. 


‘NATURALIST’ REPRINTS. 
No. I. i of Land and Freshwater Mollusca of Lancashire, by Rosexr 
Soaihacntte ae 
No. II. notes from Heligoland for the year 1886, by Hrinricu Gi gee oe 
No. ecrs pi eieeon ees M.B.O.U. (with, abet plate of ' 
No. EV.— 


keg of the Western Ansty (Yorkshire, by Eooax 
Walre, ELS, 34 PP. oe ee 


During the next ee months it is hoped to insert the following articles:— 
A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hev, M.A. 
Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater.—Wm. Hopeson, ALS 
_ ‘The Yorkshire ee and. its Fishes.—Husert Dacre. 
_ Report on Yorkshire Bots for 1890.—C. P. “Hioectax, F.L.S., and P. F. Lee 
_ Report on Yorksh’ ‘re Moses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Suatér, F. Ls 
| Boecimen Days: on the Yorkshire Coast.—Rev W.C Hey, M.A 


A New Species of -cgresictsre mm Peoie Hinperic Fetenp, ris ae 


AUGUST i893. 


fhe NATURALIST. 


SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
e Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the 
con dite at which Subscriptions for the current year could be received at the 
i t free 


sent now Gan o nly be ated oie at that rate if accompanied 
by the Subscription for the following 
Tn all other cases the Saicciron is 6/6. post free, 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 
All Exch and Books sent for —* should be addressed : 
oS he tors of the Baan, ee Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, 
Fenton Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this 
Dessctaenk. 


The Midland Naturalist, Vol. 16, No. 187, July 1893. Peron am. N.H.S. 
e Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. 3, Ju ly 1893. [H Pilsbry, etc., Editors. 
Manchester Geo eological Soc.—Trans., Vol. 22, parts 9- it > 1893. é society. 
Natura I Science, Vol. 3, No. 57, jaly 1893. {Macmillan & Co., Publishers. 
—— s’ Rec. & Jn. of Variation, ee 4, No. 7, July 15, Ber be "Sohn, pubs. Zs 
riedlander 


ohn > 
sei. 3rd | Series Vol. 17, Xo, 199, July 1893. [J. E. Harting, Sie 
The S ie 


Fy 
® 
NN 
fe) 
ee 
es, 
pe 
ae 
ee 
S 
n 
8 
a 


y 1893. {Th 
Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. ag July 1893. [Camb. Ent. CL, U.S.A. 
Die Schwathe, Jahrgang 17, No. 7; July 16, 1893. [Orn. Vereins in Wien. 

- . Chester Soc. of Nat. Sci.—22nd An al Report, = x 1892-1893. “The Society. 

_ Penzance Nat. Hist. Soc.—Rep. a Tra ans. f n 1392-93 oS —— 

Notarisia, Anno 1893, Nos. 2-3. [Dr oes id Cok Mace Redatt : 

Yorkshire County Mag., July 1893. (J. Horsfall Tacs eae 

‘The Annals of Scottish Natural igo No. 7, Jaly 1893. (The Editors. 

_ Journ. of Conchology, Vol. i 49 7, July 1893. [Canchological Society. 
_ Manch. Geog. Soc., Journal, Vol. 8, Res. 4-6, April-Fune, 1893. [Society 
_ Ackworth School Nat. His. rabest —Report » 1892-3. oe Soctety. 2 

roscopical s Report, 1 The Society. 


THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF 
British and ise. \water. lion: 


Compiten sy W. NELSON, W. DENISON ROEBUCK, RLS. a 
sais Ww. TAYLO bs ete ee re 


15, a Road, Hsiprearne shee suger ages 
‘Society, whe may be alldtesse at the Philo: 


THE NATURALIST. 


During the next few months it is hotbed ta Deserve the foik fick 


es 


Flora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater.—-Wm. Honcson, A.L.S. 
The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Huvert Dacre. 
Yorkshire a 1890. —C. P. Hosxirg, F. > and P, F, — 


SEPTEMBER 1893. 


MONTHLY JOURN. AL OF 


Natural History for the North of England. 


Papas ED ‘BY 


the NAIURALIST. 


st 


SUBSCRIPTIONS. 

The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the 
latest date at which S olen entee oe for the current year could be received at the 
prepaid rate © of eg : = tice 

Subse only be —" at that rate if accompanied 
by the Suhacripion: oe the following > ea! 

Tn all other cases the Subscription is 66, post free. 


sppeiesida RECEIVED. 
Ex changes and Books sent for Review should be addressed : 
*The Editors of ah — c/o Mr. Leonard anor 
49, Fenton epee Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in 
Departmen 


“ Naturalists’ oo. of Scotland. J. Harvie Brown & J. G. Bartholomew. Edin- 
, Jno. Bartholomew & Co. Lite Publishers. 
North pee Fauna, No. 7, 1893. The Death Valley Expeditio 
U.S. Department of xpleubons 
Yew York Microscopical Soc.—Journ., Vol. 9, No. 3, July, 1893. [The Society. 
vo Midland Naturalist, Vol. 16, No. 188, Aug. 1893. [Birmingham N.H.-S. 
The Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. iy Aug. 1893. {H. A. Pilsbry, etc., Editors. — 
Natural Science, Vol. 3, No. 18, Aug. 1893. [Macmillan & Co ish 
Entomologists’ Re. & Jn. a Variation, Vol. 4, No. 8, Aug. 15, 1893. {Editor. 
Naturz Novitates, 1893, Nos. 13, 14, 15, Juli& Aug. [Friedlander & Sohn, pubs. 
. Seience Gossip, No. 344, Aug. 1893. [ Messrs. Chatto & Windus, publishers. 
The British oe rig 32, Aug. 1893. [John E. Robson, editor. 
The Zoologist, ae Series, Vol. 17, No. 200, Aug. 1893. [J. E. Harting, editor. — 
_ Nature Notes, V: an. 44, Aug, 1893. ns Selborne Society. 
the Trish Mien Vol. 2, No. 8, Aug. oe The Editors, Dublin. 
_ Psyche: journ. of entom., Vol. 6, No. 208, A ug. 1893. oe nt. Cl., U.S.A. 
‘Die eek Ties 17, No. 8, Aug. 16, i {Orn. Vereins in Wien. 
~ Bristol Nat. Soc. Proceedings, seine [The Society. 
An prog a = the Study of the Diato omacere, with a ng ny HS bcd 
_ Jalien Deby. Fredk. Wm. Mills. London, Hiffe & Son. [The A 


: a8 The - Entomologia Ss ‘Monthly Magazine. ae 


PRICE ‘SIXPENCE, - MONTH ial - 


a Baie by eo | 

: Casson, iW uGLAS, _ Fowuen, Mh Be Ls 

McLacuian, F. RS, oy Sacnnens, PLS, and : 
Loup. wi ALSINGHAM, doe 


commenced i in _~ contains standard Ar icles 


on the Insect 


Jn Demy 8vo., Cloth, pp. 250. Price 12]- (U.S.A. 3-50). 


AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE 


DIATOMACGCE 


By FREDERICK WM. MILLS, F.R-M‘S., 
Author oft PE A —— to the Microscope,’ etc. 


By JULIEN DEBY, ER.MS. 


Lonpon : InirFeE & Son. N, 3, Ot od Street, Ludgate oe 
WASHINGTON, 1 P.C.: Tee Microscorr L PUBLISHING COMPANY, 


THE NATURADIST. 


During the next few months it is hated to insert the foilawsng articles: 


Plora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Ullswater.—W™m. Honcson, A.L.S 
The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes—Hvuszrr Dacre. 
‘Report on Yorkshire Botany for 1890.—C. P. Hosxirx, F.L.S., and P. F. Lee. 
Renort on Yorkshire Mosses and Hepatics for 1892.—M. B. Scarer, F.L.S. 
a New Species of Lambricus.—Rev. Hirperic Frrenp, F.L.S. 
A Woodland ‘Tragedy. —Rev. W. C, Hey, M.A. 
eo Foolscap 4to, with illustrations. oe Is. 3 post free 1s. 3a. 
HE GEOLOGY OF WIRRAL, — 


AND OTHER PAPERS, 


1 Fgh not not understood). 


MONTHLY JOURNAL wal 


Natural History for the North of England. 


aes BY 


- Sunny Bank, Leeds 
WITH THE ASSISTANCE ix SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS oF 


R, F.R.S., F.1.S., CHAS. P. HOB} KIRK, ELS, 


BOL. GEO. =. PORRITT FE, Meee 


Bh DIC RE SEY a 


the NATURALIST. 


pee 
pace ep aan 
e Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the ist of March was the 
sige at “rig Subscriptions for the current year could be recetved a the 
presit rate of ne 
nly be accepted at that rate if accompanied 
by ey Seteciotion: Be oe followin year. 
In all other cases the Subscription is 6/6, post free. 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 
All Exchanges and Books sent for Review should be addressed: 
*The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. Leonard Hawkesworth, 
49; een Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this 
gene 


Grev rypt. Bot., No. ror oot 1893. [ Mr. G. Massee, ed. 
Repeaiae Anos “I Lug eis rr d Levi-Morenos, Redattore._ 
at. Hist. Journ., No. ms Sept 15, 1893. [J]. E FE. Clark & others, editors, Yorks. 
Manch. Field al. Soc.—Re nd Proceedings for 189. The 
The Midland Naturalist, VoL 16, “No. 189, Se ept. 1893. orate N. ELS. 

Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. 5, Sept. 1893 os {H. A. Pilsbry, -— paths 
Natural Science, Vol. 3, No. fo, Sept. 18 [Macmillan & Co. blishers. 
Entomologists’ Rec. & Jn. of Variation, Vol 4, No. 9, Sept. 5, ae " (Balter. 
Nature Novitates, 1893, No. 16, Aug. [ Se & Sohn, pubs. 
The British Malstalat. Part 33 Sept. 1893. [John E. Robson, editor. 

e Zoologist, 3rd Series, V 17, haga » Sept. 1893. UE EL Harting, editor. 
3 


1893. {The Edi 
Psyche: journ. of — Val. 68 No. a Sept. 1893. [cam Ent ct, USA. 
De Schwalbe, Jahr, 17, N a. 9, Sept. 16, 1893. . Vereins in Wien. : 
Australian Masbsea, Se Sydney, Ann. Report rt for I 1892. [The ‘Trustees... 
_ Watson Botanical Exchange Club.—gth Ann. Rep. 1892-3. {The Club. 
os urassic Se Hudleston » MA, F. RS., ogee 


mn. 
— to the Gentes oD Dek hire. —J. — Mello. _ London : Bemrose — 
The Club. . 


The B: ritish Noctuze and their Vs 


Vols. (bound in Cloth). 
: a. wr. ToTT, EES. ae 
Price 7s. each V Fok: 6d. per Vol. to those who subscribe for the whole worl : a 
to the Author, Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Hill, S.E. ee @ 


MELANISM & MELANOCHROISM ix | LEPIDO TERA, o = 
Wi jestcomae Bilt, Pais - e 

and value of colour in 
int eb Sr 


na 

ow fe 

chrotsm. ee on, eel “Wabiagham: 
BON, r8go.) : ae 


RS IN LE} 
Y NOTES ON THE NCCT 


vay same Author. Price is. each, ‘direc: 


mate NA'PU RA LEST. 


During the next few months tt is haped to insert the following articles: — 


An eceeae: of — of the Rarer Plants found around Spilsby, Linecs.— 


Flora of the we ghbourhood of Tinke cig oapsa eee Hopcson, A.L.S. 
Whe Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes. —— + Dacre. 

Report on eaceie Baay for 1890.—c: P. ee ink, F.L.S., and P. F. Ler: 
Report on Yorkshire Mosses and Re for 1892. Mt. B Starter, FCS. 
A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hev, M. 


issnietcons of Seed-Dispersion in pec aa Se E. A. Wooprurre Pen OCK 


0 Mf a. Bok sellers. Price One Shilling net. 


(NATURAL SCIENCE: 


A Spy ec ora Bevin ood SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. 


4 = & Bins Lene 
Reviews by the most SOR PESE ENTER S WERGES FESS Bete te 


“Londo axp New | York pea “Macunttas AND Co. 


THE CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S LIST OF 


= so32. 


MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


atural History for the North of England 


EDITED BY 


s ISTANCE IN PRCIAL “DErAKt : 
LS ‘CHAS. Pp HOBKIRE 
Ww. /. BAGH ce tKE, F. MB. A GEO ae 
FRED BAREER, MA of 


ire NAIORALSIST. 


——— 
SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
The Editors venture to remind Subscribers that the 3ist of March was the 
latest er gras = which eras for the current year could be received at the 
aoe of 5/-. 
ae Ly now can only sed a at that rate if accompanied 
by ee Subsctiption for the follo see > 
In all other cases the Subscription is 6/6. post free. 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 
All Exchanges and Books sent for Review should be addressed: 
‘The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. hg Ha 
49, Fenton Street, Leeds,’ as he will assist the Editors in this 
ent. 


Cardiff Nat. Soc.—Report and Lgeetiges ihe 25, Part I, ae es [The Society. 
The Conchologist, Vol. 2, No. 7, Sept. 29, 1893. [Ww.E Collinge, editor. 
Belfast Nat. Field Club.—Ann. Rep. and Proc., for 1892-3. [The Club. 
Nova Scotia Institute.— Proceedings, second series, vol. 1, part 2 1-92. [Insti 
_ Zoological Record—Vol. 29, 1892. [Zoological Fa of London. 
Hertfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc.—Trans — 7, parts 5-6, 4 OG 1893. [Soc. 
Revue Bryologique, 20, Anne arag No. [M. T. Husnot, redacteur, Cahan. 
Societas Entomologica, Jahrg. 8 , Nos. 3- rs we cin 2 18; 3 [Mr. N. F. Dobree. 
Notarisia, 16 1803, No. 4. (Dr. evi-Morenos, Redattore. 
Yorkshire County Mag., Oct. pecan re Horsfall Turner, editor. 
‘The Annals of as ttish Natural History, No. $, Oct. 1893. [The editors. 
ch. Geog. Soc. Journal, Vol. 9, eee 1-6, Jan Jee 1893. ociety. 
Neptunia, Anno =a Giugno- 1893. [Dr. David Levi-Mor Ga ae. 
_.. Nat. Hist. fourn., No. 151, Oct. 15, 1893. [J]. '- Clark & others, ae, Yorks. 
The Midiand Naturalist, Vol. 16, No. 190, Oct. 1893. [Birmingham N.H.S. 
The Nautilus, Vol. 7, No. 6, Oct. 1893. iisbry, etc., frome 
acorn Science, Vol. a Ne. 20, Oct. 1893. [Maem ilan & Co., publ: 
Entomologists’ Rec. & [n. of ia Vol. 4, No, ro, Oct. 15, 1893. _ 
Natore Novitates 1895, = a Sep t. [Friedlander & Sohn, 


Ae he 2 Notes, Vol. 4, No. va Oct. 1893.  "“" PP he Selborne Society. 
= ‘The Trish Nateralist, Volk 2, No. o.. 10, Oct. 18903. —i(‘aws« ET he Editors, a 


Of ail Booksellers. Price One Shilliuc net. : 


NATURAL SCIENCE: 
_ A MONTHLY REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. a 


OCantaine Mateos Act at Ho = Suse _ a fe a aan aes 
’ f y trie 


LONDON AND. NEW YORK 4. 2.530 MACMILLAN AND Co. 


‘ORNITHOLOGISTS’ co 


THE NATURALIST. . 


During the next few months it 1s hofed to insert the failowing articles :— 
Fiora of the Weighbourhood of Lake Uliswater._-Wm. Hopcsox, A.L.S. 
he ¥ e 
Report on Varkehivn Botany for 1890,—C. P. REE a L.S., and P. F, Ler. 
Renort on Yorkshire Mosses and _— for 1892.—M. B. Starter, F.L.S. 
A Woodlan 


vee: one Ww. te ne: 
A Study f Se Rev. E. A. WooprRuFFE-PEACOCK. 


THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD 
AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION. | 
_Eprrep oy J. W. TUTT, a2 E. Se 


. Vol. i. commenced Jan ah, 1890 sgn * Sabactiotion 6s. pdst free. 


et tan th, igs: Subseription, 6s. post free, ma: 
the Editor, c/o fo Me. 526 “Knight, 18 and 19, Middle Steet Aniccaes ne 2 


n Hiu stated Monthly Journal of F Gonersi Entomology, devoted specially 
= hein Sree oo orking Lepidopterists, published 15th of each ann : 
sent to 


INDISPENSABLE TO” STUDENT TS. AND COLLECTORS. 


DECEMBER wae TH E 


MONTHLY JOURNAL OF 


Natural History for the North of England. 


EDITED BY 


kes DENISON ROEBUCK, PLS. 


Sunny Bank, Leeds; 


for 1s, Gd, (postage extra). 


ANCK IN SPRCIAL DEPARTMENTS oF 

J. GILBERT BAKER, F.B.S., F-)-*. CHAS. P. HOBKIBE, ee Bee 

W. EAGLE CLARKE. F.1. S., M.BA.U., GEO. T. PORRITE, F-E-5.. FES, 
ALFRED HARKER, )'.é.. E.G... Rp. TURNER. FCS. F_R.M-S. 


WIth THE ASSIST: 


in Memoriam - George Brook, F.t-8.—C. ?. #- ; a 363-255 
Bird-Notes from the Humber District, Summer and Autumn of 189¢.-- 
fotx Cordeaux, 31.800. UE a57-3682 


[Resins 


The Yorkshire Boulder Committee ‘and it 


s Seventh Year's Work. is 
Tate, F.G.S. :  g65-368 
Further iddditions Ao the Doncaster List of Levidonter om. Code 
SOS. i : -  geo-c01 
Review : Marine Biology in the Isie of Man. — Howarth; F RAS. Be, seas | 3T2 
“et A At wears fi Nor bee 2 Se, Seghers fp... Petty. : 
Notes—Birds : ee es s See 
epic ‘Gull in Notte Be flack LF calwohek ‘Bid dnotes Matthew Bailey 
armorant at t Newark -zpon- Trent oe B, Whatiock. oe : : : ey 
Ae Huddersfield Geo. 7. Porritt ae - aoe 
a os 456, 37, 372 


ao aw index to sane ae 


The NA TURALIST. 


= _SUBSCR SCRIPTIONS. 
poor rere venture to nd Subscribers that the 31st of March was the 
= which Subscriptions for the current year could be received at the 
prepaid am = Sls post 
2 bscriptions sent now can only be scenes, at that rate if puna 
for the fo Vowier year. 
“Ina all other cases the Subscription is 6/6, post free. 


BOOKS RECEIVED. 

ths os t for Review should be addressed : 

The Editors of the Naturalist, c/o Mr. Leonard Ha 
Reston, Street, Leeds as a eet ee ro 


The Joon of Marine Zoology and Stieraatns. Vol. 1, No. 1, Nov. 1893. 
: : “Hornell, editor. 

aK ng Field Club Ann. Rep. and Trans. Vol. 27, ‘foe. {T ee 
ms on Agricultural Grasses. 2nd Edition. Dag ee ts Je 


‘ Journal. Vol. ae Nos. re fen : 2 
Chas. V = 


Hants Wiisiradint New. 2, 1893. : [Elliot Suck publisher. a 
az arveiaeenh Vol. 3, rr Massee. _. [Geo. Bell & Son, pub: as 
Manchest ester G Geol. SOC, Trans. Part 12, Vol. 22, I 1892-3. [The eG 
| 1803. Lees ns de 4 fedatboce; ‘Padova, Thala: oe 
am ey. seh 1. 2, No. 5. oe Pohe iy ustees. 
[w. e co editor. 


2060 . ane, 8 age : M. T. Husnot, redact nag Tae 
Nov. 15 3803, t. E Gane other ito Yorks. 

> Bo eo pio ELS. 
ima A. Pi ‘etc., edito 


: he Deny 820., Cloth, pp. 250. Price 12l- (U.S.A. aesoye 
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE 
2b ATTO MM A CH Ae. 
By FREDERICK WM. MILLS, F.R.M.S.,, . . 
Author of * Photography Applied to the Microscope,’ etc. 
WITH A BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
By JULIEN DEBY, F.R.M.S. 


LONDON: ILIFFE & Son, 3, St. Bride Ludgate Circus. 
WASHINGTON, D. C.: THE MICROSCOPICAL PUBLISHING COMreeE 


ESS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 


DHE ZOOLOGIST: A parce? ee of ee History, Edited by 
J. E. Hartrine, F.L.S. Original articles, b y well-known } Naturalists, on 
every branch of Zoology, notes” on the habits at ance rrences of at rupeds, 
Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Molluscs, and Insects. Price is. 
DIRDSNESTING AND BIRD-SKINNING: A Com lca: Deseription of a 
Nests sie Eee of Birds which Breed in —— By ora NEw 
Cc reserva 


a set age Directions for 
= Chapter on Bird ion ods MILLER Cunisty. “Goth ex 


LEE NATURA RIS. 


During the next few eeneks tt is Aaped to insert the following articles: — 
Fiora of the Neighbourhood of Lake Uliswater.--Wm. Hopaeser, A.L.S. 
The Yorkshire Derwent and its Fishes.—Husert Dacre. 

CC. 


and P. F. Les, 
Report on Yorkshire meena o Hepatices tee 1892, <M. B. = ATER, F.L.S. 


A Woodland Tragedy.—Rev. W. C. Hey, M.A. 
a Study of So ce in Lincolnshire.—Revr. E. A. We 


Of ail Booksellers. - Price One Shilling met. 
NATURAL SCIENCE: 
A MONTHLY REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS. 
Contains Notes, Articles and Reviews by the most eminent Naturalists. 


MACMILLAN AND Co. 


LonpDON anp NEw YORK oe 


The Entomologist’s eqn saaeygee 


PRICE SIXPENCE, MONTHL 


Edited by 
wen Barrett, G. C. Cuasrpros, J. We Davcias, W. W. Fowrer, M.A, F.L.S.. 
S aa F. =e, E. Sauuneae, ¥.L.S., and Lorp Watcsincuam, F.R.S.- 


This Magazine, commenced in 18a, € penta standard Articles and Notes 
on Batis acre connected with Entomology, and especially on the Insects er 
the Britis 

Subseri Soh Sie Shillings per annum, post free 
Zondon: GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s econ, ie Paternoster Row. 
—A Second Series was commenced with the Number for January 1390. 


N.. 


_ dm parts, at One Sialling, doo, with Engravings. 


An Illustrated Manual of British Bi , 
By HOWARD SAUNDERS, F.LS, F.ZS., etc, 
Elitor ofthe a and 4th Volumes eee a * History ce Brisk Birds.” 
£0 


oe To be completed i in apneige 20 20 monthly parts. 
'(BROSEEOTUS: oN ABP LEICA TION.