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THE NATURAL HISTORY
OF JUAN FERNANDEZ
AND EASTER ISLAND
eee DD BY AD Rh GARE SROLTSBEERG
VOI il
BO LAIN.
WITH 116 PLATES
UPPSALA 1920-1953
ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI AB
LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
Utgivet med understéd
av Langmanska kulturfonden
UPPSALA 1953
ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI AB
Table of Contents.
CHRISTENSEN, CARL and SKOTTSBERG, CARL.
The Pteridophyta of the Juan Fernandez
Islands
CHRISTENSEN, CARL and SKOTTSBERG, CARL.
Mhembems of Master Island. .-..5.....
Fries, Ros. E. Die Myxomyceten der Juan
BermamGez=lOSEIM ec. cis v0 2 = 2s ve ec oe
Frigs, THORE C. E. Die Gasteromyceten der
Juan Fernandez- und Osterinseln......
SKOTTSBERG, CARL. The Phanerogams of
PS He TMS aa i atteraye ia eveheveteile enarsts erste neers
MUNSTER STROM, K. Freshwater Algae from
Juan Fernandez and Easter Island....
SKOTTSBERG, CARL. The Phanerogams of the
anmebernandez dislandsy sca. cle ele >
BrotHERvwsS, V. F. Musci Insulae-Paschalis
BG6RGESEN, F. Marine Algae from Easter
MeSTeinligparerociciess. cr etst's. ava yatete syreel ef ole esta versie
SJ6sTEDT, L. GUNNAR. Ein neues Sargassum
von der Osterinsel
ZAHLBRUCKNER, A. Die Flechten der Juan
iPierinarayclevaa) lnselhalengang dic ao erelcin occ cer
BrotHERus, V. F. The Musci of the Juan
Fernandez Islands
ZAHLBRUCKNER, A. Die Flechten der Oster-
insel nebst einem Beitrag zur Flechten-
floraevon juan Bernandez..-.-.......
Bove PETERSEN, JouHs. Marine Cyano-
phyceae from Easter Island
RoMELL, L. Bacidiomycetes from Juan Fer-
TMZITIYG (EVA7 eA ICnGRO COREE DI CECRCECHCHE NER OROR ORE CuCH NCHOICRATC RS
KEISSLER, KARL. Ascomyceten, Fungi im-
85
95
241
247
perfecti und Uredineen von Juan Fer-
MENNGAs ooo son du aoOOOND DO OOOO Ob aNe6.
SKOTTSBERG, CARL. The Vegetation of Easter
UWAEHIKG! Golo g bcade Og OOD ODO ODS SoGoamad ¢
SKOTTSBERG, CARL. Pollinationsbiologie und
Samenverbreitung auf den Juan Fernan-
GEVZIGN AN gin. doco OOOO SOOO UO DE ETd.0O8
KEISSLER, K. Nachtrag zur Pilzflora von
itiane Hemmandezpretnrryeratietrersretetaeietsuete
Evans, ALEXANDER W. The thallose Hepa-
ticae of the Juan Fernandez Islands ..
SETCHELL, WILLIAM ALBERT. The Codiums
of the Juan Fernandez Islands........
LEvRING, TorE. Die Meeresalgen der Juan
Berman 6z=lrtSeliterstarerteler ists foucione etnies
SKOTTSBERG, C. Marine Algal Communities
of the Juan Fernandez Islands, with re-
473
487
593
601
marks on the Composition of the Flora 672
HeErRzoG, Tu. Die foliosen Lebermoose der
Juan Fernandez-Inseln und der Osterinsel 697
LEVRING, TorE. Die Corallinaceen der Juan
HennandezasimSelina sierra sieercmereictelenetels ete
LEvRING, Tore. Einige Corallinaceen von
der Oster-Insel
SKOTTSBERG, C. Additional Remarks to
FOOOGOC OOO DCOO do OmmAmS
“Marine Algal Communities of the Juan
Fernandez Islands”
SKOTTSBERG, C. A Supplement to the Pte-
ridophytes and Phanerogams of Juan
Fernandez and Easter Island
SKOTTSBERG, C. The Vegetation of the Juan
Fernandez Islands
aie je) e. elie e)'s \e 18)\e);0\ le) ekialiei leks (6)
Ua
( } ir clay,
ae
-
ee el
La Ce a
th Sabi nee
Ath
THE NATURAL HISTORY
SOF JUAN FERNANDEZ
AND BASPER TSEAND
EDITED BY DR CARL’ SKOTTSBERG
VOR!
BOTANY
-
PARE. 3
1. C. CHRISTENSEN & C, SKOTTSBERG: The Pteridophyta
. of the Juan Fernandez Islands,
~ 2. C. CHRISTENSEN & C. SKOTTSBERG: The Ferns of Easter Island.
3. Ros, E. Frigs: Die Myxomyceten der Juan Fernandez-Inseln,
UPPSALA 1920
ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI-A-B.
1. The Pteridophyta of the Juan Fernandez Islands.
By
CARL CHRISTENSEN and CARL SKOTTSBERG.
With 7 text figures and 5 plates.
This paper is based on material collected by the undersigned, assisted by
Mrs. SKOTTSBERG, 1916—17. ‘The study of the collection was begun in Sant-
iago, where, thanks to the kindness of Mr. F. FUENTES, I had ample oppor-
tunity to see the important herbaria in the Museo Nacional and also, with the
kind permission of Professor F. JOHOW, could study his herbarium in the In-
stituto Pedagojico. In order to solve some important questions and to classify
some species which remained doubtful, I asked the prominent pteridologist, Dr.
C. CHRISTENSEN, for assistance, and he willingly offered himself to make a
thorough study of the entire collection. I have the great pleasure herewith to
thank him for all the trouble he has taken in preparing the descriptions of the
new species, in adding numerous critical notes on the systematic position and
affinity and in making the fine and very exact drawings.
The localities in Masatierra are enumerated from E to W along the north
and south sides of the island, respectively; for Masafuera, the localities are
enumerated from N to S along the east coast and then round to the west
coast, followed by the observations made in the high mountain region, The
Spanish names are used, with the following abbrevations: B. = Bahia, bay;
C. = Cordon, mountain ridge; Co = Cerro, mountain; Pta = Punta, cape;
Pto = Puerto, cove; Q. = Quebrada, valley with steep sides, gorge, canyon;
V. = Valle, valley. — Maps will accompany Vol. I.
Unless otherwise stated, all species have been observed by myself in all
the places quoted. The numbers in brackets refer to our collection, of which
specimens are kept in Stockholm (Riksmuseum), Gothenburg, Upsala etc., and
in several foreign herbaria.
A ! after the name of a collector signifies that I have seen the original
specimen.
An * before a latin name indicates a new addition to the flora of the
group; if put before the name of one of the islands, it s'gnifies that the species
was found for the first time in the island in question.
The altitudes are in meters above sea level.
I — 20206, The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. ,Vol. II.
2 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTISBERG
The remarks on fertility refer to my observations in 1908’ and 1916—17;
where I have reason to believe that a species occurs with ripe sporangia also
at other seasons, these remarks are put in brackets.
We have adopted the nomenclature followed by CHRISTENSEN in his
»Index Filicum», where also explanations of the abbreviated book titles will
be found.
C. Skotisberg.
Hymenophyllaceae.
Trichomanes L.
1. T. Philippianum -Sturm, Enum. pl. cr. vasc. chil. 38 (1858); v. d.
Bosch, Syn. Hymen. ed. Goddijn, Meded. Rijk’s Herb. Leiden no. 17: 24 f. 13
(1913); C. Chr. Ind. 647. — Sym T. dichotomum Philippi Anal. Univ. 1856:
169, Bot. Zeit. 1856: 650, Ann. sc. nat. II. 7: 110; Hemsl. 69; Johow 1893: 44, °
1896: 173; zon Kze 1847.
Fig... 1.
Damp montane forests above 500 m., epiphytic on trunks of treeferns.
(Fertile Jan.—Appril.)
Masatierra: the high ridge between Q.* Laura and Q. Piedra agujeriada,
on Dicksonia, c. 650 m (no. 594); C. Centinela, on trunks of ferns, 580 m (no.
616); NE. slope of La Damajuana, on Blechnum cycadifolium c, 500 m (no.
351); C. Salsipuedes, Q. Helechos, on Dicksonia, 660 m (no. 283).
7. dichotomum Phil. was described from specimens collected by GERMAIN (!).
No locality except »Juan Fernandez» was stated. In Herb. Kew is a specimen
collected by REED(!) and labelled » Valdivia», probably in PHILIPPI’s hand-writing
(HEMSLEY, 1. c.). It is possible that this locality is false: REED made ex-
tensive collections in both places and the localities may have been confounded.
Until further investigations can be made, the species should be listed as
endemic.
T. Philippianum is one of the most distinct species of the genus. It has
been described and figured in details by VAN DEN BOSCH, but his description
and figure were not published until lately by GODDIJN. The numerous spe-
cimens at hand correspond fairly well with this description, but the species
grows much larger than his figure shows. The largest leaves are over 7 cm
long including the 2 cm long stipe.
The filiform, wide-creeping rhizome and the basal part of the stipes are
sparsely furnished with reddish hairs, the plant otherwise being perfectly
glabrous. The leaves are either scattered or fasciculate in small tufts of 2—7
on short branches from the rhizome. The lamina is exceedingly thin, yellowish
green, the cells larger than in any other species of the genus, clearly seen
1 Botan. Ergebn. der Schwed. Exp. nach Patagonien und dem Feuerlande. IV. K. Svenska
Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd 51, No. 9 (1913).
2 For abbreviations, see p. 1.
THE PIERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 3
through a weak lens. In shape and division the leaf varies considerably:
generally it is oblanceolate, broadening upwards from the cuneate, shortly
decurrent base; subdeltoid, deeply pinnatifid fronds, leaving a broad even wing
to the midrib are, however, not uncommon. Segments erect, 2—2,; mm broad,
obtuse or emarginate or deeply furcate at apex, very unequal in length, the
larger ones often producing a secondary segment on the upper side near the
base. Margins even, not at all thickened. Veins not regularly pinnatifid but
rather repetitiously dichotomous, not atrofuscous as says BOSCH, terminating in
the emargination; spurious veins none. Sori rarely terminal on the main branches
ec.
fle,
Fig. 1. Z7ichomanes Philip/ianum Sturm. Plants showing different types of furcation, nat
size, and enlarged sorus.
of the veins but generally confined to the basal secondary segments, deeply
immersed; indusium turbinate with a widened entire mouth; receptacle long
exserted but easily broken off.
VAN DEN Boscu placed the species in his genus Gonocormis, but it may
be seriously doubted whether this position is natural. It looks very much
different from all other species of that group, all of which belong to the Old
World. In general habit and size it resembles the Polynesian 7. Aumi/le Forst.,
_ but it is certainly not nearly related to it. By its cellular structure it is
quite unique. ;
Area of distribution: Probably endemic in Masatierra.
2. T. Ingae C. Chr. nov. spec.
Syn. 7. pyxzidiferum L., Hemsl. 69; Johow 1803: 45, 1896: 173.
Eutrichomanes_e grege T. pyxidiferi L., rhizomate intricato, filiformi; —
ie
4 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
foliis atroviridibus, planis, glabris, lanceolatis, maximis vix 5 cm longis et I cm
latis, stipite I—1,; cm longo, e medio sursum anguste alato, rhachide tota
alis sub 0,5; mm latis utrinque alata. Lamina bipinnatifida, pinnis 5—6-jugis,
alternis, suberectis, infimis paulo abbreviatis, mediis 5—8 mm longis, inaequi-
lateralibus, basi superiore segmentum soriferum gerentibus, parte exteriore in
2—4 segmenta sterilia contigua subtruncata vel leviter emarginata divisis. Mar-
ginibus, praesertim versus apicem, minutissime et irregulariter crenato-dentatis.
Venis distinctis, spuriis nullis. Cellulis parenchymaticis parvis, irregularibus,
4—6-angulatis, fere isodiametricis parietibus crassis, hyalinis. Soris singulis
axillaribus, rarissime binis in pinna, tubo cylindrico anguste marginato, ore in-
tegro vel levissime emarginato, paulo expanso; receptaculo exserto.
Pig: 22.
In moss mats on stones and on the ground, in dense forests, rare. (Fertile
Aug.—Dec.)
Fig. 2. Trichomanes Ingae C. Chr. a two fronds, nat. size; 6 fragment, X 21/2, ¢ sorus and
d tip of sterile pinna, more enlarged.
Masatierra, central part: V. Anson, NE. slope of El Yunque, 300 m
(no. 162), in the same place where it was found in 1908; NE. slope of La
Damajuana, c. 450 m; V. Colonial, Q Gutierrez (no. 68). — Found before only
by MosELEY and by SKOTTSBERG, 1908.
This new species, named in honour of Mrs. INGA SKOTYTSBERG, belongs
to a number of closely related species which by most authors are united under
the name 7. pyxzdzferum L. Convinced of this being a collective species that
includes several valid ones, a’ number of which have already been described
by VAN DEN BOoscH, we have tried, but without success, to identify the Juan
Fernandez form with one or other of the forms from the American continent.
Our new species differs greatly from the true West Indian 7. pyazdiferum by
its much less divided lamina and by its dark colour; in these characters it
approaches some South Brazilian forms, especially 7. emarginatum Pr., but it
differs from these as well as from all other forms known to us by its cellular
structure and its uneven margins. The cells are proportionally very small,
very unequal in size and seldom longer than broad; by this structure the leaf
becomes much firmer than in all other forms without spurious veins. Seen
TRE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 5
through a strong lens, the margins of the outer parts of the segments are
irregularly toothed or crenate by outwards vaulted marginal cells, the external
wall being thick and hyaline. A similar feature was not found in a large
number of specimens of Z. pyaidiferum sens. lat. examined. The numerous
specimens collected have all the same characteristic habit, with the outer seg-
ments of the pinnae very close. The diagnosis above was based on the larger
fronds; most of them are considerably smaller.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
3. T. exsectum Kunze, Anal. 47 tab, 29 f. 2 (1837); Hemsl. 69; Johow
1893: 44 f. 32, 1896: 173. — Syn. Aymenophyllum fuciforme Colla 1836: 33
tab. 63.
In dense humid forests, epiphytic on trees and trunks of arboreous ferns,
and in damp recesses of the narrow gorges, among moss, hanging down from
the rocks. (Fertile Jan.—April.)
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, above the innermost part of the Frances
Valley, c. 500 m; ridge between Q. Laura and Q. Piedra agujeriada, on Dick-
sonia 650 m (no. 595); C. Centinela, on fern trees 560 m; E] Pangal, wet forest
in the gorge (no. 1130); B. Cumberland, in Cave VI, forming a beautiful pure
carpet on the vertical walls (no. 598; also JoHow); Q. Juanango, under fallen
trunks (no. 608); Q. Villagra, mountain spur W. of El Yunque, c. 500 m.
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, c. 475 m; Q. de las Casas, under overhanging
rocks in the canyon (no. 450, also JOHoW); Q. del Blindado, 440 m; Q. de
las Vacas (JOHOW).
The nearest ally of this pretty species, that reaches 4o cm in length, is
T. tenerum Spr., widely spread through tropical America.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Chiloé; Juan Fernandez.
Serpyllopsis v. d. Bosch
4. S. caespitosa (Gaud.) C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 29 c. fig. (1910). —
Syn. Hymenophyllum caespitosum Gaud. Ann. sc. nat. 5: 99 (1825); Freyc. Voy.
Bot. 374 tab. 5 f. 2 (mala); 77échomanes caespitosum Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 132 tab.
we B- C..’Chr. Ind. 637; Serpyllopszs antarctica v. d. Bosch Ned. Kr. Arch.
4: 377 (1859).
Var. fernandeziana C. Chr. et Skottsb. nov. var.
This interesting moss-like fern was first detected in the islands by SKOTTS-
BERG, 1908. In 1910 C. CHRISTENSEN referred the specimens of the 1908
collection to var. densifolia (Phil.) C. Chr. 1. c. 30 (Aym. densifolium Phil.
Linn. 29: 108, 1857), which was collected in the Guaitecas Islands and presum-
ably is not rare in the humid forests of the Chilean Archipelago. The specimens
from Juan Fernandez were sterile; now we have a beautiful lot of specimens,
some of which are fertile, and an examination of the sori has proved that we
6 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTISBERG
have to do with a form different from densifolia. It may be described as
follows.
Lamina luteo-viridis, pinnis plerumque ovatis secus costam parcissime
pilosis, ut in var densifolia; differt soris profunde immersis utrinque late foliaceo-
alatis, fere ad medium bipartitis, labiis rotundatis, distincte dentatis, extus 2—4
cristis longitudinalibus dentatis instructis, receptaculo ad maturitatem exserto.
In the moss carpets on trunks and branches of trees, in the elevated
forests of Masatierra, where it has not been found below 450 m; on Masafuera
also in the heath of the “highland, among rocks. (Fertile in Jan.)
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, in the innermost part of the Frances valley,
on Drimys Wintert c. 500 m (no. 1128); ridge between Q. Laura and Q. Piedra
agujeriada c. 650 m (no. 1129); on the main crest of the island, above Pangal,
on Drimys c. 800 m (no. 1127); V. Colonial, along the road to Portezuelo, on
Drimys c. 450 m (no. 136); C. Salsipuedes, brushwood on the ridge, 615 m,
and in ©. Helechos, on Drimys, 660 m (no. 284).
Masafuera: Heath above Q. del Mono, c. 850 m (no. 421); rocks at Las
Torres, 1350-1370 m (no. 421 b—see below); S. slope of Los Inocentes, in
Dicksonia-forest on the trunks, c. 950 m; also near the highest summit, 1450 m
in moss mats (no. 381); Q. Loberia, between blocks in the stream.
Var. densifolia has 1—8 sori terminal on the pinnae, the lips obscurely
toothed and faintly crested, the wings on both sides much narrower. The
typical form of the species, from the Falkland Islands, has terminal sori with
very short lips; it turns brown when dried and is much more hairy, with more
oblong pinnae. Var. fernandeziana is generally small with only 2—5 pairs of
pinnae which are close, often imbricated and clasped along the midrib. There
is, however, also a form with more distant and more oblong pinnae (no. 421 b),
a form corresponding to var. elongata Hook. of the type; the special characters
are due to external conditions (moisture and shade).
Area of distribution: South Chile to Fuegia, Falkland Islands; the var.
Jernandeziana endemic in Juan Fernandez.
Hymenoglossum Pres!
5. H. cruentum (Cav.) Pr., Hymenoph. 35 (1843); v. d. Bosch, Ned. Kr.
Arch. 4: 385. — Syn. Hymenophyllum cruentum Cav. Descr. 275 (1802) et auctt.,
Hemsl. 67; Johow 1893: 4o f. 26, 1896: 169; C. Chr. Ind. 359.
Plate 1 Fig, 1.
In the montane forest belt, with moss on the soil or on trunks of trees,
scarce. (Fertile Dec.—Jan.)
Masatierra, not rare in the central parts: V. Anson, NE. slope of La
Damajuana c. 430 m (no. 353); slopes of El Yunque, 480 m; V. Colonial, C.
Central 535 m; along the road to Portezuelo, c. 500 m (no. 67); north wall of
Co Piramide, a narrow ledge 600 m; Q. Villagra, mountain spur W. of El
Yunque, c. 500 m and SW, face of Co Pirdmide, among brushwood, 590 m.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 7
*Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, humid moss mats in the inner canyon,
scarce (no. 473); C. del Barril, in moss on rocks, c. 750 m (no. 407). — New
for this island. The specimens are small and sterile.
In restoring the genus Hymenoglossum we follow VAN DEN BOSCH, the
monographer of the family, contrary to all other pteridologists. Our reasons
for doing so are not only the unique habit of the plant, but are based upon a
very essential character, overlooked by PRESL and all later authors. The
margins of the frond, not the sterile parts alone, but also the valves of the
indusium, are bordered by a thick ebeneous line. The veins terminate in the
parenchyma within this line.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Chiloé and Western
Patagonia to 49°; Juan Fernandez.
Hymenophyllum Sm.
6. H. cuneatum Kze, Anal. 50 (1837); C. Chr. Ind. 359, Arkiv for Bot.
10: 21 (1910). — Syn. A. rarum auctt. quoad plant. amer.; Hemsl. 68; Johow
1893: 42 f. 30, 1896: 171. H. polyanthos auctt. quoad plant. fernand.; Hemsl.
67; Johow 1893: 42 (pro pa te? non f. 29), 1896: 172 (pro parte?). A. dichoto-
mum, Johow 1893: 44 (pro parte?) f. 27, 1896: 173 (pro parte?).
Fig. 3. :
Probably fertile at any time of the year.
Under this name whe unite all the smaller glabrous Hymenophylla of the
islands, being convinced that they all belong to one species, although the ex-
treme forms look very different. All forms agree in cellular structure and in
shape of the indusium, which is broad, flat with a broad subtruncate or
broadly cuneate base and with rounded or sometimes subacute valves. The
indusium varies, as our figures show, in the same degree in the largest and
smallest forms.
KUNZE described the stipe as unwinged. We find among the very ex-
tensive material several individuals which correspond perfectly to his description
(no. 396); they have ovate or subdeltoid, middle-sized, yellowish-green fronds
with wingless stipe and broad, semiorbicular indusia. Other plants agree with
these in all respects but have the stipe winged to the base (no. 1145). We
suppose ‘that these are younger plants, while fronds without wings are older,
having lost the wings. Large or small fronds occur with or without a winged
stipe. If no. 396 is considered to be a typical, middle-sized form, the other
specimens may be arranged as follows.
1) Large plants, over 15 cm long incl. stipes, more decompound, with
narrower, ovate-lanceolate lamina, often of a deeper green (no. 285). Such
plants have been referred to H. polyanthos Sw. by all authors, and probably
also the more typical form was brought to this species by some. It is very
difficult to find a single constant character by which the larger forms may be
known from the variable H. polyanthos; the lobes are generally broader, the
8 ; CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
valves of the indusium more rounded and flat, but certain forms of HY. foly-
anthos show essentially the same characters. The best mark is, perhaps, the
glabrous base of the stipes in /7Z. cuneatum, while most forms of //. polyanthos
have the stipes pilose below.
2) Smaller plants, often much reduced and approaching //. rarum R. Br.
(nos. 146, 1143), and referred to that species by all authors. The leaves are
yellowish green, I—3 cm long, the pinnae often more or less imbricate (no.
146). It must be admitted that some of these dwarf forms closely resemble
H. rvarum in most characters, but we find leaves with and without a winged
stipe which otherwise are identical, and //. varum has the stipe unwinged;
further, all possible transitions between these dwarf forms and the larger ones
are found. None of the specimens show the brownish colour of the typical
ff. rarum.
Summarizing what has been said above, we find it convenient to distin-
guish two types.
I. typicum. (//. cuneatum Kze, H. polyanthos auctt.) — Fig. 3 a—d.
One of the commonest ferns, found in all the forests in moss carpets on
the soil, on stones or on trunks of trees, in the eastern and central parts of
Masatierra, where it ranges from about 200 m above sea level to the highest
parts reached, viz. the main ridge above Pangal, 795 m. It is also common
among the brushwood on the rocky ridges and, of course, on Dcksonia. —
Probably fertile at all seasons (Dec.—April, Aug.).
Masatierra: numerous localities from Pto Frances to Pto Ingles (nos. 46,
66, 70, 285, 300, 591, 1144, 1177; nos. 66 c and 7o form a transition to the
following; both collected on rocks).
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, in forest 570 m (no. 1146); Q. del Bindado in
forest (no. 440); subalpine and alpine heath, 850—1370 m (nos, 396, 429, 1146,
1147); Q. Loberfa, in moss on boulders in the woods, c. 300 m (no. 1145).
2. var. rariforme C. Chr. et Skottsb. — Fig. 3 e—g.
This is exactly the A. ravum of JoHOW(!), often found on old trunks
of Blechnum cycadifolium, but also forming dense, almost moss-like patches
on exposed ground. Leaves often 1 cm long only, generally deltoid in outline.
Masatierra: At the road to Portezuelo, c. 450 m (no. 1143); on the sharp
crest separating V. Anson from Q. Damajuana, on the peak, 365 m (no. 146).
— f. imbricata; Fig. 3 h: Pto Ingles, the crest of the central ridge (no. 1178).
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Western Patagonia; Juan
Fernandez. Tasmania? New Zealand? South Africa?
7. H. caudiculatum Mart. Ic. Crypt. Bras. 102 tab. 67 (1834); Johow
Hoga-n4ierooo: 170; C. Chr. Arkiv for’ Bot. 107 23°(19rTo):
In the the elevated forests of the foggy region of Masatierra, very rare;
apparently more frequent in Masafuera, found both in the woods and in the
bottom of the deepest canyons. — (Fertile Dec.—Febr.)
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 9
Masatierra: Just below the gap between El Yunque and La Dama-
juana, c. 5cCO m (no. 160); North face of Co Pirdmide, narrow ledge, c.
Fig. 3. Hymenophyllum cuneatum (Cav.) Pr. a@ typical cuneatum (no. 396), with enlarged sori,
’
indusium acute or rounded; in one are two sori; 6 large polyanthos-like frond with enlarged tip,
showing acute indusia (no. 285); ¢ blunt sorus from a plant like the former (no. 66); @ poly-
anthos-like frond with winged stipe (no. 1145); e—f vrariforme with stipe and indusiam of dif-
ferent types (no. 1143); g small rarzforme (no. 146); h f. cmbricata (no. 1178).
All plants nat. size.
Io CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
600 m (no. 360). — Only collected once before in Masatierra: REED(!) without
locality.
*Masafuera: (. del Mono, dense forest, 475 m (no. 388); Q. de las
Chozas, in the forest; Q. de las Casas, innermost part of the canyon, under
stones below the cascade, 215 m (no. 465); QO. Loberia, under stones and in
moss between huge blocks, 180—300 m (no. 481). — New for Masafuera, where
fine, richly fertile specimens were collected in Q. de las Casas.
Jhe specimens belong to the typical form.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Western Patagonia (49°
S. L.); Juan Fernandez. South Brazil.
5. H. fuciforme Sw. Syn. 148 (1806) et auctt.; C. Chr. Ind. 361 (where
for »China austr.» read »Chile austr.»); Hemsl. 67; Johow 1893: 41, f. 28, 1896:
170; C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 24 (1910). — Syn. H. semzteres Colla 1836:
22°) tab: voll:
Humid montane forests in rich soil or on decaying trunks, not observed
below 480 m. (Fertile Dec.—Jan.) 3
Masatierra: Slope of C. Chifladores, above the Frances valley, c. 500 m;
V. Anson, slopes of El Yunque, 480 m;-near the road to Portezuelo, c. 500 m
(no. 138); north face of Co Piramide, with the preceding; Q. Villagra, mountain
spur W. of El Yunque, c. 500 m and at the road-side in the highest part of
the Villagra valley below the pass, c. 500 m (also JoHow).
This species, the largest of the genus, varies in cutting from tri- to quadri-
pinnatifid. The less divided form is not, as we supposed in 1910, the only
one found in the island. Specimens in the present collection are quite as much
divided as specimens from Chile.
Area of distribution: South Chile to Western Patagonia; Masatierra.
9. H. ferrugineum Colla 1836: 30; C. Chr. Ind. 361. — Syn. Asya
tlisstmum Kze. Anal. 49 (1837); Hemsl. 68; Johow 1893: 43 f. 31. 1896: 172;
FH. Berterot Hook. Sp. fil. 1: 93 tab. 33 C (1844); Gay 6: 534.
Damp, shady forests of the highest mountain slopes, not found below
480 m; characteristic of the darkest corners in the fern groves. (Fertile in Jan.)
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, woods in the highest part of the Frances
valley, on Dicksonta c. 500 m; the ridge between Q. Laura and Q, Piedra
agujeriada, c. 600 m and high up in this valley, 650 m; C. Centinela, under
old- stumps, 530—s560 m; V. Anson, slopes of El Yunque, 480 m (no. 159, also
P. ARREDONDO in Herb. JoHow!); V. Colonial, north face of Co Piramide,
with the preceding; C. Salsiquedes, Q. Helechos, on Dicksonza 660 m (no. 76);
Q. Villagra, high up near the pass, rare.
*Masafuera: Q. de las Chozas, dark fern grove under Décksonia, c. 700m
(no. 535). — New for this island.
With this characteristic species most authors unite 17. /vankliniae Colenso
from New Zealand, to which it is so closely related that it is not unnatural to
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS I!
unite them into one species. Specimens from Chile are scarcely to be distin-
guished from others from New Zealand, often having distant pinnae, the lower
ones being much abbreviated. All specimens from Juan Fernandez, the type
locality, have closer segments and an ovate lanceolate lamina, with the lower
pinnae not or very slightly shortened. //. aeruginosum (Thouars) Carm. from
Tristan d’Acunha is another near relative, but much smaller than either (see
Hemsl. Chall. Rep. Bot. 1. 2, tab. 38). A fourth related form grows in the caves
of Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean. It was, we believe without
sufficient reason, referred to /7/. obtusum Hook. et Arn. by HEMSLEY (I. c. 271),
a Hawaiian species; more properly it might be reduced to A. aeruginosum as
a variety.
It is an interesting fact that four so closely related forms are scattered
in remote localities over such a large area of the Southern Hemisphere. They
are, we should guess, daughter forms of a single species that in old times
was widely dispersed over the Antarctic continent. It must not be forgotten,
however, that some of the forms may be derivates of the common tropical //.
ciltatum.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Fuegia; Juan Fernandez.
New Zealand.
*1o. H. falklandicum Baker, Syn. fil. 68 (1867); C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot.
Bees fF. 3- (1910).
Fig. 4 g—h.
A new addition to the flora, growing both in the moss carpets of the
forest floor and on trees, as well as in the alpine heath. (Fertile Feb.— March.)
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, in forest, 570 m (no. 389); Q. del Blindado, in
forest, 440 m (no. 398); Q. de las Casas, far into the canyon, with Hepatics,
c. 200 m (no. 474); alpine heath near the Correspondencia Camp and at Las
Torres, 1100—1I370 m (nos. 1142, 1176).
Widely distributed through Subantarctic America and very likely not dif-
ferent from H. Menzies? Pr. Hym. 51 from Staaten Island. Still PRESL de-
scribed his species as having obovate, subglobose, pedicellate sori, while 7.
_falklandicum has ovate-lanceolate valves of the indusium.
The specimens from Masafuera are, as could be expected, larger than
those from the heaths of Fuegia and the Falkland Islands and also of a more
vivid colour, but in essential characters they do not differ. The largest fronds
measure nearly 10 cm in length and are of the narrow lanceolate shape shown
in fig. 3 a—b quoted above. The distinctly unilateral pinnae bear from 1 to
4 toothed segments on the upper side. The sori are single, or, in larger fronds
2 to each pinna, distinctly stipitate, with ovate-lanceolate, obtuse and quite
- entire valves, which turn blackish brown with age. By its narrow lanceolate
fronds and especially by the long dark brown valves very different from all
forms of 17. peltatum.
A specimen of the 1908 collection from Masafuera was 1. c. referred to
Hi. peltatum. This is incorrect; probably the bad specimen should be referred
to the next species rather than to H. falklandicum.
12 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Area of distribution: Southern West Patagonia, Fuegia, Falkland Islands;
South Georgia; Masafuera.
#117. Hl. rugosum C. Chr. et Skottsb. nov. spec.
Syn. HH. tunbridgense of Gay and Phil.? Hemsl. 69; Johow 1893: 44, 1896: 172.
Fig. 4 a—/f.
Leptocionium rhizomate filiformi, longe repente; foliis remotis, stipitibus
erectis, filiformibus, glabris, omnino exalatis, saepe flexuosis, 3—4 cm longis.
Fig. 4. a—f Hymenophyllum rugosum C. Chr. et Skottsb. @ well developed frond (no. 630);
6 leaf recalling HY. tunbridgense (no. 423); ¢ f. lanceolata (no. 1175); @ fragment of a, X 4;
e sorus, X 10; f finna of c, X 4; g—h H. falklandicum Bak.; g two pinnae (no. 389), X 4;
A sorus, X 10. All entire fronds in nat. size.
Lamina formae typicae ovato-deltoidea vel ovato-lanceolata, 5—6 cm longa,
3—4 cm lata, brunnescente, perfecte plana, saepe curvata, subtus papillis bre-
vissimis ad rachidem venasque rugosa, tripinnatifida; rhachide flexuosa, alata,
alis denticulatis. Pinnis alternis, circ. 10-jugis, infimis plus minusve abbreviatis
vel subaequalibus, aequaliter pinnatifidis vel basi inferiore paulo excisis, supre-
mis minoribus distinctius inaequilateralibus. Pinnulis obliquis, inaequilateralibus,
in segmenta 3—4 divisis, marginibus ubique acute denticulatis. Venis distinc-
tissimis, nigriscentibus. Soris 1—8 pro pinna, praesertim in segmentis lateris
superioris pinnarum insidentibus. Indusiis liberis nec immersis nec stipitatis,
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 13
fere ad basin in valvas duas ovato-elongatas, brunneas vel nigrescentes, apice
distincte et acute dentatas divisis; receptaculo incluso.
In the higher woods and humid heaths of the highlands, apparently not
very rare. (Fertile Feb.—April.)
Masatierra: Elevated slopes of Q. Piedra agujeriada, on fern-trees, 650 m
(no. 592); C. Centinela, dark humid forests, c. 560 m (no. 1140); the longitud.
ridge, above Pangal, on fern trees, c. 800 m; Q. Villagra, mountain spur W. of
El Yunque, c. 500 m (no. 630).
Masafuera: Woods on the Sanchez plain, 515 m (no. 1137); heath of
the Correspondencia Camp, in the ravines, 1100—1200 m (nos. 423, 1139); C.
del Barril, c. 750 m; Q, del Blindado, in the forest, on ferns, 440 m (no. 397);
near the summit of Los Inocentes, c. 1400 m (no. 1138).
f. /anceolata: minor, lamina lanceolata, 3—5 cm longa, raro supra I cm
lata, alis rachidis vix denticulatis; habitu, magnitudine et pinnis omnibus inae-
quilateralibus /7. /alklandico sat similis, sed differt et cum f. typica congruit
soris non stipitatis nec non valvis distincte denticulatis. — Fig. 4 c¢.
Masafuera, at the Correspondencia Camp, in the ravine, with the type,
1160 m (no. 1175).
This new species is to HY. tunbridgense what H. falklandicum is to H.
peltatum. It is very variable in size and shape of the lamina, but all forms
have the same characteristic brown or dark brown indusia with elongated,
toothed valves, similar in outline to those of 1. fa/klandicum, but never stipitate
and always dentate (comp. Fig. ¢ and #). The larger, ovate-deltoid fronds
recall 7. adichotomum, but they are quite plane and the stipe is wingless; the
sori are very different, the mature sporangia never exserted. Middle-sized
leaves with short, ovate-oblong lamina with all pinnae unequal-sided (Fig. 4)
can scarcely be distinguished from // tunbridgense when sterile, but leaves with
mature sori at once show the difference; true H. tunbridgense never has so
elongated valves, which never are brown. There is little doubt of such forms
having been referred to HY. tunbridgense, a species scarcely occurring in the
islands. The f. /anceolata is very similar to H. falklandicum in general habit,
but is easily known by its sessile indusia and toothed valves. The collection
contains many intermediate forms between the extremes.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
12. H. pectinatum Cav. Descr. 275 (1802); Johow 1893: 42, 1896: 170.
(Fertile, March.)
Masatierra: REED (!Herb. Kew) without exact locality.
*Masafuera: In the highest part of the island, under rocks etc. in the
alpine heath; the Correspondencia Camp, in the ravine, 1160 m (no. 1141); Las
Torres, in wet moss under rocks, rare, 1370 m (no. 476); S. slope of Los Ino-
centes, in a fern grove, 950 m, on Dicksonza, and in the heath near the summit,
c. 1400 m (no. 378). — New for this island.
The specimens are very poorly fructiferous; the largest ones have most
of the secondary segments deeply cleft, thus somewhat resembling 7. secundum.
14 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Area of distribution; South Chile, Valdivia to Fuegia; Juan Fernandez.
“13. H.secundum Hook et Grev. Ic. Fil. tab. 133 (1829); C. Chr. Ind. 367.
(Poorly fertile, Feb.)
Masafuera: Las Torres, edge of the western precipice, 1370 m (no. 475).
New to the islands. The specimens are small but otherwise typical. By
the entire valves of the indusium surely to be distinguished from /7/. rugosum.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Fuegia; Masafuera.
14. H. dichotomum Cav. Descr. 276 (1802); Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 98 tab.
36 A et auctt.; Hemsl. 67; Johow 1893: 40 (pro parte?, certe non f, 27), 1896:
169 (pro parte); C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 27 (1910). — Syn. A. nigricans
Colla 1836: 32 tab. 62. H. polyanthos Johow 1893: 42 (pro parte?) f. 29, 1896;
171 (pro parte?)
Probably fertile at almost any season. One of the commonest species,
found on the low, dry slopes of western Masatierra as well as in the central
and eastern parts, where it is frequently niet with in the wooded region from
its lower limit to the highest ridges; also common in Masafuera. It grows on
the soil, on stones or on trees, both fallen and living ones.
Masatierra: eastern and central parts, common (nos. 45, 218, 571, 593,
1133, 1134); the dry western part: ridge SW of Co Tres Puntas, 300-350 m,
under stones (no. 1132), and in the bottom of dried-up ravines (no. 1132 b).
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, on trees, 475 m (no. 390); Q, de las Casas, in
the canyon (no. 451); Q. del Blindado, common in the forest 440 m; Dicksonia-
grove on the lower slope of Los Inocentes, above Q. del Varadero, c. 950 m;
Q. Loberia, between blocks in the streem, 180 m (no. 480).
This common species varies considerably in size and shape of the frond,
measuring from 2—3 to 20 cm in length, in shape broadly ovate to lanceo-
late, but all forms have the very characteristic plicate frond of a dark green
colour. Young leaves have distinct brown, crisped wings along the stipe, much
narrower, however, than those of H7. tortuosum; these wings are shed early so
that older leaves have an unwinged stipe. The marginal teeth are much
shorter than in //. ¢ortuosum. The sori are confined to the upper third of the
frond (which is often more or less contracted), where they are numerous. The
ovate-subacute, frequently apiculate valves of the indusium are entire and
faintly or not at all spinose on their back, as described and figured by HOOKER.
The large brown sporangia are exserted in the mature sorus. The smaller
forms have the leaves very much contorted and look peculiar when compared
with the larger ones.
We think that 7. xzgrzcans Colla is this species; at least BERTERO’Ss spe-
cimens in Herb. Kew(!) under this name clearly belong here and not to 7.
tortuosum to which GAY referred COLLA’s species.
Evidently this species has been largely confounded with others. It is
perhaps the most common of the genus in the islands, but, nevertheless, JOoHOW
only quotes other collectors and not himself, this because he misunderstood
the species, for his fig. 29, 1893, is not »H. polyanthos», but 7. dichotomum,
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 15
while, on the other hand, his fig. 27 »H. dichotomum» illustrates a form of
FH. cuneatum.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Western Patagonia; Juan
Fernandez.
15. H. tortuosum Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. tab. 129 (1829); Hemsl. 69;
Johow 1893: 43, 1896: 172.
Apparently rare, but easily confounded with the former. (Fertile Feb.)
Masatierra: REED(!) in Herb. Kew.
*Masafuera: Q. del Blindado, in woods, 440 m (no. 1136); heath at the
upper course of Q. del Mono, c. 850 m (no. 1135). — New for this island.
To this species we refer two sets of specimens from Masafuera. They
differ from the common //. dichotomum in the rather persistent, broad, crisp,
brown wings of the stipe, the non-plicate lamina, which is more or less undulate
with much larger marginal teeth. The segments are closer and the larger
pinnae have the pendent tips found in most specimens from the continent. The
valves of the indusium are rather acute and nearly entire, thus approaching //.
dichotomum.
HA. tortuosum was also collected in Masatierra by PHILIPP1 and DOWNTON,
t. HEMSLEY. We have not seen the former; the latter (Herb. Kew!) belongs to
aichotomum.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Fuegia, Falkland Islands;
Juan Fernandez.
[(H. reniforme Hook. is mentioned by PHiLippr (Anal. Univ. 1856: 160,
Bot. Zeit. 1856: 631) who undoubtedly based his statement on GAY 6: 535. It
has not been found by any of the known collectors, and GAY does not tell
where he got his information as to its occurrence in Juan Fernandez. As far
as we know there are no specimens in any herbarium from this place, so that
it must be excluded from the list.
FT. dicranotrichum (Pr.) Sadeb. (Syn. H. chiloense Hook,). is listed by
JoHOwW 1893: 44 and 1896: 172, as: gathered by REED in Masatierra. The
determination is probably incorrect.
In Herb. Kew.(!) are specimens of A. dentatum Cav. (Syn. H. Bridges
Hook.) labelled (by PHILippl) Juan Fernandez oct. 1872 REED. As no author
lists this species, the locality remains doubtful.|
Cyatheaceae.
Thyrsopteris Kunze
16. T. elegans Kze Linnaea 9: 507 (1834), Farrnkr. tab. 1, et auctt.;
Hemsl. 66; Johow 1893: 22 f. 4, 1896: 155. — Syn. Panicularia Berteri Colla
1836: 35 tab. 64.
Characteristic of the upper montane forests in Masatierra, generally not
descending below 400 m; belonging to the highland heath in Masafuera, where
16 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
it is rather poorly developed. The fertile pinnae are developed during the
summer; in the beginning of December we collected fronds with very young
sori and still in the end of January no ripe ones were observed; in the later
half of March the sporangia were ripe and the spores disseminated.
Masatierra, not rare in the central part: C. Centinela c. 530 m; V.
Anson, slopes of El Yunque, 480 m; C. Central, c. 500 m; along the road to
Portezuelo in several places (lowest station observed 208 m, at a small stream),
especially near the pass, c. 500 m (no. 14); C. Salsipuedes, open brushwood
on the narrow ridge, 615, 625 m; Q. Salsipuedes, light woods, c. 500 m,
numerous; ©. Helechos, not rare in Dzcksonza-groves; Pto Ingles, on the central
ridge, 470 m; Q. Villagra, frequent in the humid woods below the pass (no.
277), but also seen on a low ridge just below the lower limit of trees, c. 200 m.
Masafuera: ©. de las Casas (JoHOW); subalpine heath, in the shallow
fern-clad beds of the streams, not rare from the Sanchez plain to the Corres-
pondencia ravine, IOOO—II00 m (no. 542); C. del Barril, g00—1000 m, not
rare; on the ridge forming the south wall of QO. de las Vacas, not rare above
1000 m, Lcksonza-groves on the lower S. slope of Los Inocentes, etc. etc.
The specimens from the two islands are fully identical.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Lophosoria Pres]
17. L. quadripinnata (Gmel.) C. Chr. — Syn. Alsophila quadripinnata
(Gmel.) C. Chr. Ind. 47 cum syn.; A. prummata (Sw.) KIf. et auctt.; Hemsl. 66;
Johow 1893: 20 f. 2, 1896: 154.
One of the most common ferns, growing in widely different stations, and
ranging from the ravines of the treeless basal region to the highest woods and
heaths. Found with ripe sori in the autumn and winter.
Masatierra: In all the quebradas between Pto Frances and Pto Ingles,
common both in forested and in treeless tracts; numerous ravines near the
colony, representing the last trace of indigenous vegetation; also on the elevated
ridges separating V. Colonial from Villagra, 500—625 m (no. 590).
Masafuera: Forming extensive beds in the subalpine and alpine region,
ranging nearly to the highest summits (1350—1400 m), also on the highest
parts of the great western precipice; not uncommon in the forests and along the
streams of the canyons etc., e. g. in Q. de las Casas (no. 458).
This interesting species which, as BOWER has proved, is generically distinct
from <Alsophila, is widely spread through tropical and subtropical America, in
several rather distinct forms. The insular form has been identified with the
one from South Chile (Polypodium cinereum Cav.). Still it seems to differ from
this in its dense cover of wool on the lower surface of the midrib, the Chilean
form being decidedly less woolly. Further, the specimens from the two islands
differ from each other in pubescence; if this character be constant, each island
is inhabited by its special form. The form from Masafuera differs from other
ones especially by the very dense rusty brown wool on the midribs of the
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS ay
secondary and tertiary pinnules. Besides the woolly hairs, the form from Masa-
tierra shows numerous rather rigid, cylindrical, atropurpureous hairs. We have
met with similar trichomes, only in the Mexican form described as 7yzchosorus
glaucescens Liebm., but in this, they are very few while in the form from Masa-
tierra they are so numerous as to give the lower surface of the frond a quite
peculiar appearance.
Area of distribution; Mexico, Central and South America to Western
Patagonia, 49° S. L. Juan Fernandez.
Dicksonia L’ Her.
ipa. berteriana. (Colla), Pools. Sp. Pil....1%67,: tab. 23, A. et, auctt;;
Hemsl. 66; Johow 1893: 21 f. 3, 1896: 154 tab. 16—17. — Syn. Davallia Ber-
fertana Colla 1836: 37 tah. 65; Lalantium Berteroanum K2ze Anal. 40 (1837).
In the humid and protected gorges found as low as 2—300 m; on the
forested slopes and ridges generally not seen below 400 m, becoming much
more numerous higher up. In the region of the frequent fogs this stately fern
forms very dense groves. Fertile in the autumn and winter.
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, plentiful above 500 m; Q. Laura and Q.
Piedra agujeriada, from 400 m upwards; higher parts of Rabanal, common,
solitary specimens as low as 450 m; C. Centinela, stray specimens in the
brushwood, numerous in the woods above 500 m (no. 574); Pangal, in the gorge,
fine trees observed as low as at 220 m; on the crest above the Pangal canyon,
c. 800 m; V. Anson, fine trees on the slopes of La Damajuana (common from
500 m upwards) and of El Yunque (large specimens from 385 m, but now be-
coming rare;' C. Central, from 390 m and upwards, rare; V. Colonial, Q. seca,
one tree seen at 435 m; C. Salsipuedes, filling the uppermost part of Q. He-
lechos, 660—450 m, with an almost pure and exceedingly beautiful stand; Pto
Ingles, high up on the western slope (SKOTTSBERG 1908); Q. Villagra, mountain
spur W. of El Yunque, c. 500 m, frequent; below the Portezuelo pass, not un-
common above 500 m; Q. de la Choza, solitary specimens at the altitude of
300 m, higher up more common.
The typical form of this endemic species seems to be confined to Masa-
tierra. It is so closely related to D. Janata Col. from New Zealand that a person
working with dried material only might be inclined to unite them.
var. virgata C. Chr. et Skottsb. nov. var. — Johow 1896 tab. 17.
Major, robustior, ad 61/2 m (vel ultra?) alta et 1 m diam. supra basin et
infra ramos, saepe virgata, ramis I—5 irregulariter dispositis. Pinnae soriferae
ad 40 cm et ultra longae (in typo rarius ultra 20 cm), minus villosae. Sori
conspicue majores, 2 mm diam. (in typo I—I,z2 mm).
Plate 2.
1 Not few plants are dug out every year and sold to be transplanted in the gardens of
Chile, where they do not thrive. ;
2— 20206. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
18 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTISBERG
According to observations on living specimens and from a comparison
of the material at hand we conclude that the Dzcksonza which inhabits Masa-
fuera differs from the type and deserves a special name. It is found growing
in the higher forests, where it may form dense, stands along the streams, and
many groves are seen above the upper limit of the forest and on the grassy
slopes of the ridges, though rarely below 500 m. On the slopes of Los Ino-
centes there is a contiguous belt of Dicksonia, forming an extensive, low, but
exceedingly dense forest which offers considerable difficulties to the explorer;
it may, however, be crossed along the Vacas ridge where it has been accident-
ally burnt in places. It reaches the altitude of about 1200 m. North of the
Casas canyon, in the heath, scattered specimens are found; the last were met
with at 1170 m. It is scarce in the northern and less humid parts of the is-
land and was not seen by us at the tributaries to Q. Sanchez. We gathered
fruiting specimens in August, 1908, but no ripe ones were found before our
departure in 1917, March 15.
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, in the woods from 475 m; in the Azthoxan-
thum meadow on the higher slopes, from 530 to 1170 m; C. del Barril, not
uncommon above 750 m; Q. del Blindado, forest ravine, 440 m (no. 515); Los
Inocentes, scattered clumps below 750 m, thence forming closed groves, which
dissolve at an altitude of 11—1200 m.
Area of distribution; Endemic.
Polypodiaceae.
Cystopteris Bernh.
19. C, fragilis (L.) Bernh.: C. Chr. Ind. 203. — C. fragilis var. canart-
ensis (Willd.) Milde Fil. Eur. 152 sec. C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 5 (1916).
Wet, shaded and sheltered corners in the deep canyons. (Fertile Aug.,
Feb.)
Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, under overhanging rocks (no. 508); Q. Lo-
beria, exterior part of the gorge, under large stones.
Detected by SKOTTSBERG in the Casas valley, 1908. The present speci-
mens are identical with those from 1908 which were referred to var. canarz-
ensis, and they certainly fall under this variety as circumscribed by MILDE.
Still the variety comprises many rather different forms, and the form from
’ Masafuera cannot very well be associated with the one from the Atlantic is-
lands under the same name. It is a large, very thin-leaved form with fronds
up to 30 cm long and with large sori; the lower side is rather glandulose-
pubescent. Probably it is almost the same as var. fumartotdes (Pr.) (Athyrium
fumarioides Pres|, Rel. Haenck. 1: 39 tab. 6 f. 2), based on Peruvian plants.
Since MILDE revised the numerous forms no pteridologist has tried
to unravel the taxonomy of the species with due regard to geographical
distribution.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 19
Area of distribution: The species is the most cosmopolitan of all ferns,
ranging from 83° lat. N. to South Georgia in the South Atlantic.
Dryopteris Adans. emend. C. Chr.
20. D. inaequalifolia (Colla) C. Chr. K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr. VIII.
6: 73 (1920). — Syn. Polypodium inaequalifolium Colla 1836: 49; P. Bertero-
anum Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 269 (1862); Nephrodium villosum Hemsl. 75; Johow
1893: 35, pro parte sed non f. 19, 1896: 65 pro parte; Polypodium punctatum,
Johow 1893: 36 f. 21, 1896: 166 (pro parte?); P. vestztum Johow 1893: 37 f. 22
(zon Philippi); Dryopterts villosa cum var. Berteroana C. Chr. Arkiv f. Bot.
10: 13 (IgIO).
Plate 3.
One of the most common ferns, especially in all parts of the forest belt,
but also in the devastated areas, in suitable stations. In the elevated montane
forests and in well-watered gorges specimens with a short (up to 1 m high)
straight stem are not uncommon. Fertile specimens will probably be encoun-
tered at any season.
Masatierra: In the woods of the valleys from Pto Frances to Juanango,
ranging from 250 m (or less) to at least 650 m (nos. 65, I61, 275, 339, 604,
1151); equally common in the wooded part of the south side (no. 274). Also .
in the old caves, no. II (rare) and no. VI (no. 1152), situated near the landing-
place in B. Cumberland.
Masafuera: We are unable to tell whether all the specimens observed in
this island belong to f. glabrior (see below) as from many localities no speci-
mens were preserved. (Q. de las Chozas, in the forest, 570 m; Q. del Mono,
475 m; Q. de las Casas, under rocks (no. 466); Q. del Blindado, in forest 440 m;
Q. de las Vacas (no. 448); Q. Inocentes, in Dicksonia-forest; Q. Angosta, 1
km from the entrance, at the waterfall; Q. Loberia; SE slope of Los Inocentes,
c. 950 m (highest altitude observed).
The present species which is dealt with in details by CHRISTENSEN
(Monogr. Dryopteris Pt. II) was confounded by JoHow with Hyfolepis rugo-
sula which is proved from his figures and also from his herbarium. It belongs
to a group of closely allied species distributed through tropical America. The
south Andine D. spectabilis (KIf.) (Syn. Polypodium vestitum Phil.), to which
JoHow referred a form of D. znaequalifolia, is more remotely related to our
species than are several of the other members of the group.
The typical form is probably confined to Masatierra; the Masafueran form
has been named f. g/abrior by CHRISTENSEN and SKOTTSBERG, |. c. C.
CHR. 1920.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
20 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Polystichum Roth emend. Schott
21." P.. Berterianum “(Colla)-C. Chr; Ind. 579; Arkiv for Botswesane
(1910). — Syn. Aspedium Bertertanum Colla 1836: 42 tab, 70; A. flexum Kze
Anal. 44 (1837); Hemsl: 75; Johow 1893:°34 f. 18, 1896: 164. A Zapemee
Hemsl., Johow Il. cc.
This is the most wide-spread fern in the islands, growing from near the
sea level to the highest ridges in Masatierra and reaching the subalpine heath
in Masafuera. In habit it varies a great deal according to external conditions;
the form of the sunny places is easily mistaken for P. adzantiforme Forst. In
sheltered places it grows larger, with a plane, less rigid frond. — Fertile at
any season, principally in late summer and autumn.
Masatierra: Common in all the valleys and on the dividing ridges (in
the devastated areas mostly confined to the shallow ravines), from Pto Frances
to Juanango, and, on the south side, as far west as B. Chupones (Tierra Ama-
rilla). Also noted in Cave X near the landing-place in B. Cumberland. (Nos.
54p ado; 281,568, 10125)
Masafuera: In the canyons and on the dividing ridges and plains, from
B. Toltén round the island to ©. Loberia; also among rocks in the subalpine-
alpine heath, at least to 1100 m. Small specimens on C. Atravesado, c. 1350 m.
(Nos. 449, 552, 554.)
We are absolutely convinced that only one species of the group of P.
adiantiforme (Aspidium capense) occurs in the islands. The single specimen
referred to the last mentioned by HEMSLEY has turned out to be only P. Ber-
terianum. On the other hand we cannot agree with JOHOW who proposed to
reduce P. Berterianum to a variety or form of adzantzforme. In Arkiv for Bot.
l. c. the differences are pointed out, and the characters mentioned there hold
good with one exception: the pinnae are often alternate. Most specimens show
the brown drops of gum on both surfaces never observed in adzantiforme.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
22, \P. vestitum (Forst.) Pr. Tent. 83 (1836);.C. Chr. Ind. 538° —=sSyime
oly podium vestitum Forst. Prodr. 82 (1786); Aspzdium vestitum Sw.; Mett. Aspid.
nO. _1OL varwb:- A. acyleainin .emsl.- 74> Johow 1893: 33 i. 17,1500.
Polystichum orbiculatum C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 18 (1910).
Fairly common in well-watered ravines and in the woods, from a few
hundred m to the elevated ridges, in Masafuera also in the alpine region.
Fertile specimens may be seen at Bpeny time, but are probably commoner during
the summer and autumn.
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, slopes above Pto Frances, c. 500 m, common
in the forest; C. Centinela, from 530 m upwards; Q. Damajuana, waterfall at
250 m (no. 53); C. Central, in clearings, c. 400 m; quebradas in the bottom
of V. Colonial (nos. 48, 152, 334), also in thickets of Avzstotelza maqgui near
the road to Portezuelo (no. 1174); C. Salsipuedes, brushwood on the ridge,
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 21
615 m and in Q. Helechos, 660 m; Q. Juanango, c. 200 m; Q. Villagra; Q. de
la Choza, in forest 250 m.
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, in the woods, 4—500 m; Q. del Blindado,
forest, 440 m; Q. de las Casas, in the canyon (no. 555); Q. Angosta, c. 1 km
from the entrance, at the waterfall; the Correspondencia Camp in the ravine,
1160 m; edge of the western precipice, at Las Torres, 1370 m; summit of Co
Correspondencia, 1420 m.
It may be doubted whether the acu/eatum-form of Juan Fernandez really
is identical with P. vesttum. In most characters it certainly agrees with speci-
mens from Australia while, on the other hand, it differs much from the more
common form of New Zealand (P. vexustum Hombr. et Jacq.). It is dark green
above, rather soft in texture, the basal scales black with pale borders, the scales
of the rhachis reddish, thin, tapering from the broad lacerate base into a long,
contorted, hairlike apex but always lacking the black scales of P. venustum
(= P. vestitum Christ Arkiv for Bot. 4: 5). The upper basal pinnules are often
much lengthened and fully pinnate. The reference in 1910 to P. orbiculatum
was due to the misinterpretation of the latter by CHRIST.
Area .of distribution: Taken in a wide sense, the species inhabits Sub-
antarctic America, Juan Fernandez, Australia and New Zealand.
Arthropteris J. Sm.
22s. altescandens, (Colla) J. Sm: Hist, Bil. 225;.C.Chi. Ind..62. —
Syn. Polypodium altescandens Colla 1836: 48; Nephrolepis altescandens Baker,
Hemsl. 76; Johow 1893: 35 f. 20, 1896: 165. Polypodium procurrens Kze
Anal. 17: ;
Only found in the lower parts of the forest region, trailing over stones
and fallen stems or climbing to a considerable height in the trees. (Fertile
Aug., Dec.—April.) .
Masatierra: Pto Frances (JoMNOW); Pangal, common from one hundred m
upwards; Q. Damajuana, c. 250 m, very common on the trees (no. 60); V.
Anson, in the woods surrounding the Plazoleta del Yunque; C. Central, c.
400 m, numerous; V. Colonial, quebradas in the interior, not uncommon 250—
350 m (no. 44); Q. Juanango.
Masafuera, rare: Q. de las Casas (detected 1908), in the canyon; in 1917
only seen on a tree fallen down from the steep wall (no. 507).
This endemic fern is a pronounced Polynesian element in the flora. No
American species is known to which it might be compared, while, on the other
hand, some Polynesian forms, especially from Samoa, which have been referred
to the collective species A. obliterata (R. Br.) J. Sm. are intimately related to
our species. Other very close relatives grow in Queensland (see DoMIN, Bibl.
Bot. Heft 85: 60—64 c. figs.). The African A. ramosa, generally but incorrectly
united with the eastern Polynesian forms, and the Australian A. feve//a are
both more remotely related to it. The main difference between dA. a/fescandens
and the Samoan form mentioned, which are both green when dried and appar-
22 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTISBERG
ently exindusiate, lies in the base of the lamina. The Samoan plant has a
gradually narrowed base leaving only a very short stipe free of pinnae; A.
altescandens has the stipe 3—5 cm long and the lamina scarcely narrowed
downwards, although frequently a single shortened basal pinna is present. The
midribs of the pinnae are softly villous with articulate hairs in A. al/tescandens ;
such hairs occur only sparingly in the Polynesian species.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Asplenium L.
24. A. obliquum Forst. 80 (1786) var. chondrophylium (Bert.) Mett.
Aspl. 137 no. 21. — Syn. A. chondrophyllum Bertero ex Colla 1836: 40 tab.
68; A. obtusatum Hemsl. 74; Johow 1893: 31 f. 14, 1896: 162; C. Chr. Ind. 124
pro parte.
Along the sea shore, in crevices and under overhanging rocks. Probably
fertile the year round. .
Masatierra: B. Cumberland (JoHOw); Puerto Ingles, not uncommon (no.
313, also listed by JoHOW).
| Santa Clara: JoHOW.
Masafuera: Not uncommon on the cliffs from Q. del Ovalo along the
coast to Pta Negra and probably also in other places (no. 511); also in the
interior of Q. de las Casas.
The differences between the two species of FORSTER, A. obtusatum and
A. obliquum, were clearly explained by METTENIUS, and we do not doubt that
they are both good species, distinguished besides by the number and shape of
pinnae especially by the different scales on the lower side of the lamina. In A. odtw-
satum these scales are minute, dilacerate, in A. ob/zquum ovate, entire, acuminate.
The Juan Fernandez form agrees with A. ob/zquum in its scales, but the more
common, smaller form, figured by COLLA, has much the aspect of A. obtusa-
tum; still forms have been collected that scarcely differ in size from A. ob/z-
quum, so that it seems quite natural to refer it to that species as a variety.
From both the Australian species the variety differs by the colour of the basal
scales, which are reddish brown and not dirty ferrugineous as in the others.
Similar forms from Chile were described as A. sphenozdes Kze and A.
consimile Gay; they have the dirty brown basal scales of typical od/¢guum, and
their rather numerous pinnae are shortly acuminate, the margins duplicato-
serrate with rather acute teeth, while var. chondrophylum sometimes has nearly
entire, sometimes obtusely serrate, obtuse pinnae.
Area of distribution: South Chile; Juan Fernandez; Australia, New Zea-
land. Typical chondrophyllum only known from Juan Fernandez.
25. A. macrosorum Bertero ex Colla 1836: 39 tab. 67 (bona); Kunze,
Anal. 21 (1837); Hemsl. 74; Johow 1893: 32 f. 16, 1896: 162.
pllate i; igk.2:
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 23
Apparently not at all so rare as JonowW believed; characteristic of rich
humous soil in the montane woods within the foggy region. (Iertile Dec.—
March.)
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, woods in the highest part of the Frances
valley, c. 500 m, rare; dense forest on the ridge between Q. Laura and Q.
Piedra agujeriada, c. 600 m, and in the last-mentioned quebrada, 650 m; Ra-
banal, in the upper part; C. Centinela, 560 m (no. 1179); V. Anson just below
the gap between La Damajuana and El Yunque, in rich woods, c. 500 m (no,
157; also P. ARREDONDO in herb Jonow!); C. Central, 390 m, small and very
rare, scattered at 500—550 m (no. 302); C. Salsipuedes, Q. Helechos, c. 650 m,
one tuft under a stone in the Décksonza-forest (no. 94); Q. Villagra, mountain
ridge W. of El Yunque, c. 500 m, rare.
*Masafuera: Q. de las Chozas, rich woods above 500 m (no, 364); C.
del Barril, fissures in the rocks, c. 750 m (no. 406); SE. slope of Los Inocentes,
Dicksonia-forest, 840 m (no. 533). — New for this island.
A very distinct species with doubtful relationship: several species partly
resembling it are found in many regions of both hemispheres, still it is proeb-
able that it might be placed next to A. obtusifolium L. and semzcordatum
Raddi, both widely dispersed through tropical America. It differs from both
by its shining, dark castaneous stipe and rhachis, its few pinnae and large sori.
- The texture cannot be called subcoriaceous as stated in Syn. Fil., but is rather
thin although firm, pellucid. It varies in the number of pinnae; generally there
are I—2 to each side of the terminal large one; they are equally cuneate or
sometimes unequal with the lower side more arcuate, quite as in the two spe-
cies mentioned above. In the larger specimens from Masatierra the base of
the terminal pinna often has one side arcuately excised. The indusium, which
is greyish, entire and often a little arcuate, covers the young sorus; in the
mature ones, '/2:—2!/2 cm long and 21/2 mm wide, the indusium is quite hidden
by the reddish brown sporangia.
Among the specimens from Masatierra there is a luxuriant form, with
3—4 lateral pinnae on each side, the basal ones with a nearly free secondary
pinnule on the lower side.
The plants from the two islands are as a whole similar, still those from
Masafuera are smaller than those from Masatierra with narrower pinnae, the
terminal one equal-sided.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
26. A. stellatum Colla 1836: 41 tab. 69; C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 5
(1910). — Syn. A. fernandesianum Kunze, Anal. 22 (1837); A. dunulatum
Hemsl. 73; Johow 1893: 32 f. 15, 1896: 162; C. Chr. Ind. 119 pro parte
(zon Sw.).
Not uncommon in the montane forests from Pto Frances to Vaqueria, also
found in more open places at a lower altitude; less common in Masafuera,.
(Fertile Aug., Dec.—April.)
Masatierra: Pto Frances, brushwood on Loma Incienso, c. 350 m, for-
ming a carpet on earth-covered stones (no. 128); on the slope of C. Chifla-
dores, rocky soil in the forest, c 500 m; La Damajuana, c. 450 m,; NE. slope
24 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTISBERG
of El Yunque (no. 1149); C. Central, c. 470 m (no. 309); just below the Porte-
zuelo pass, c. 500 m (no. 133); north face of Co Piramide, c. 580 m; Vaqueria,
c; 250m.
Masafuera: Q. de las Chozas, in dense forests, 5—600 m (no. 545); C.
del Barril, among rocks, 985 m (no. 532); QO. de las Casas, under overhanging
rocks in the bottom of the canyon (no. 509).
A considerable number of specimens show that this is a variable species,
varying in size, and in shape and cutting of the pinnae. COLLA’s figure is
not good as it does not show the shortened lower pinnae, which are more or
less fanshaped with flabellate venation. The leaves often produce new plants
at their tips, whose leaves are again proliferous. The stipe is some times
winged with the wing broadest below, sometimes unwinged. Lamina more or
less thin, dark green (yellowish in open places), the rhachis narrowly alate
throughout. In some specimens the pinnae resemble COLLA’s plate, but they
are often shorter and broader, with a rounded or obtuse apex, commonly with
a lobed auricle at the upper base, more or less excised at the lower, the large
lobes entire or cleft.
A. stellatum belong to the A. lunulatum-assemblage, spread through the
tropics in many varieties. Recently HIERONYMUS (Hedwigia 60, 1919) de-
scribed or restored a series of species of this group. Under the new species
A. tabinense he mentions A. fernandeztanum Kze, a younger name for A. séel-
latum.
A. stellatum seems to combine several characters, of which one or more
are found now in one, now in another of the allied species. In general habit
it mostly resembles the South African A. crectuim Bory, in its winged rhachis
and stipe d. pleropus KIf., common in tropical America. From the latter, which
may be considered as its nearest relative, it differs in the coal black, rigid
basal scales.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
27. A. magellanicum KIf. Enum. 175 (1824); Hemsl. 74; Johow 1893:
32, 1896: 163.
Found in several distant stations, but not common; chiefly in the woods
or in wet moss near running water. Probably fertile at any season.
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, dense forest on the slope towards Pto Fran-
ces, c. 500 m; Pangal, at the cascade, in wet moss; Q. Damajuana, at the foot
of a small waterfall (no. 61); in the woods on both sides of Portezuelo: along
the stream, on the ground and on trees.
Masafuera: Forest on the Sanchez plain, 515 m; QO, de las Chozas, dark
ravine under Dicksonza; Q. del Mono, dry bed of the stream, 570 m (no. 461);
QO. de las Casas, in the canyon (no. 452); Q. del Blindado, on the ground and
on trees and arboreous ferns, 440 m; Q. Angosta, about 1 km from the en-
trance, at the waterfall; ©. Loberia, along the stream and in the forest patch
at 200 m; the Correspondencia Camp, in the Lophosorza-beds, and in moss
mats at the foot of Las Torres, 1370 m.
The island specimens do not quite agree with continental ones. They are
THE PLERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 25
a little larger with an ovate-oblong lamina (sometimes even broadly lanceolate),
rarely deltoid as the common form from southern Chile; the lobes are broader
and more distinctly toothed at the outer edge and the texture thinner. In
general outline, the type recalls A. rufa muraria, the island form rather A.
adiantum nigrum, Some specimens are seen on Plate 1 Fig. 1.
Area of distribution: Southern Chile to Fuegia and Falkland Islands;
Juan Fernandez.
Blechnum L.
28. B. auriculatum Cav. Descr. 262 (1802); C. Chr. Ind. 151. Syn.
B. hastatum K\f. Enum. 161; Lomarta hastata Kze Farrnkr. tab. 55 f. 2; B.
australe Hemsl. 73; Johow 1893: 26 f. 9, 1896: 158.
Fertile at any time of the year.
Masatierra: Never wanting on the low, treeless slopes, sometimes very
common on the loose tufas, where few other species grow, so in V. Colonial
etc. etc. In inhabits the dry regions between Villagra and Pta Larga. It is
also found in all the forests (no. 55) and on the high ridges among shrubs. It
grows in almost all the caves near the landing-place in B. Cumberland (no.
586, from cave II is a large luxuriant form).
Santa Clara: JOHOW.
Masafuera: Very common (no. 493).
According to our opinion this species is not conspecific with the South
African 2B. australe L. It varies considerably in the islands and JoHOw di-
stinguished three varietis. The present collection contains the following forms.
1) A large form, like the continental one, fronds up to 70 cm long (stipe
20 cm) and 8 cm broad, lower reduced pinnae distant, sori often interrupted.
This is JoHow’s var. 1, fig. 9 a (well illustrated by KUNZE, |. c.). JOHOW’s
var. 2, fig. 9 b is only a slender form of the same.
2) remotum (Presl). — Syn. B. remotum Pr. Tent. 103 (1836, nomen);
Mesothema remotum Pr. Enum. 111 (1849); B. pubescens Hook. Ic. plant. tab.
97 (1837), Gay 6: 478 (non Desv.); Lomaria pubescens Kze Farrnkr. 1: 122 tab.
55 fig. 3 (1843).
Prominent pteridologists have regarded this as a distinct species. A com-
parative examination of a large material shows that no definite limit can be
drawn between this and typical B. auriculatum. B. remotum is smaller and has
a much shorter stipe, further it is densely pubescent on stipe and rhachis,
characters which undergo great changes according to the external conditions.
B. remotum is the form of more open situations. On the arid slopes and higher,
stony ridges another reduced form is found, which might be called f. parvala
(Phil.). — Syn. B. parviulum Phil. Anal. Univ. 1873: 580 (t. spec. Mus. Nac.
Santiago!); C. Chr. Ind. 158. This has been mistaken for 4. penua marina
(Poir.) Kuhn (= Lomaria alpina Spr.), by Hemsl. 72; Johow 1893: 31, 1896:
161 doubted its existance. In the present collection there are specimens of
typical parvala from Masatierra, C. Salsipuedes, 750 m (no. 92); it was
26 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
also observed on arid slopes in B. Chupones and on Masafuera; C. del Bar-
ril, 740 m.
Area of distribution: Temperate South America. Juan Fernandez.
29. B. valdiviense C. Chr. Ind. 160 (1905). —— Syn. Lomaria blechnoides
Bory 1825 et auctt., Hemsl. 71; Johow 1893: 30 f. 13, 1896: 160; L. lanceolata
Spr.?, Colla 1836: 45; L. 2’ Herminier?, Hemsl. 72, Johow 1893: 30, 1896: 161
(pro parte); B. arcuatum Phil. Anal Univ. 94: 352 (1896), xox Remy; B. australe
var. parvulum, Johow (spec. e Masafuera).
Generally confined to the forest and preferring the shadiest parts, seldom
seen in more open situations. Fertile fronds develop during the summer and
ripen Feb.-—April.
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, slope above the innermost part of Pto Fran-
ces, c. 500 m; ridge between Q. Laura and Q. Piedra agujeriada, 650 m;
Pangal (JoHOw); N. slope of La Damajuana, c. 450 m; the crest separating
the ©. Damajuana from V. Anson, on rocks, 150 m; along the road to Porte-
zuelo, in the woods (nos. 153, 589); Q. Gutierrez (no. 49); C. Salsipuedes, Q.
Helechos, 660 m, rather common and also epiphytic; Pto Ingles (joHow); Q.
Juanango, very large plants (no. 611); Q. Villagra, here and there near the
path; Q. de la Choza, dense forest, 250—300 m, very numerous.
Masafuera: Q. de las Chozas, dry bed of a stream; Q. del Mono, dark
ravine, 570 m;, Q. de las Casas, humid sheltered corners (no. 510); Q. del
Varadero, dark fissures below the waterfall; O. Angosta, at the waterfall; Q.
Loberia, forest patch, 280 m. In the alpine region: C. del Barril (no. 531);
edge of western precipice at the foot of Las Torres, 1370 m (no. 422).
A fairly constant species, varying mainly in size. The rhizome is com-
monly described as creeping. This is not quite correct. It is erect from the
first, but soon produces underground runners, from which new plants arise;
with age these give rise to new runners with fasciculate leaves. The scales of
the rhizome are entire.
* — -&B. valdiviense is certainly related to B. danceolatum (R. Br.) from Australia
and New Zealand but well characterized. Small plants resemble B. pexna
maria, and young plants of B. Schottit may be confounded with 4. valdzvi-
ense, but will be recognized by the dentate scales of the rhizome, which is long
and slender, by the scattered leaves and the prominent hydathodes on their
upper surface just within the margin.
We have little doubt that Z. danceolata Colla and L. 7 Herminieri Hemsl.
(not Bory) quoted above must be referred to 4. valdiviense. Hemsley quoted
specimens collected by BERTERO and by MOSELEY: the former is beyond doubt
the L. lanceolata, which according to COLLA’s few remarks seems to be ordi-
nary B. valdiviense, and the latter is perhaps a large form of the same. JoHOW
reprinted HEMSLEY’s remarks with the addition that he had collected it in
Masatierra and that it might be united with L. attenuata (= B. Schottii). This
is no wonder for JOHOW's specimens (!) are B. Schottii. The genuine B.
l'Herminieri Bory, a West Indian species, does not occur in Juan Fernandez.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia and Chiloé; Juan Fernandez.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 27
30. B. Schottii (Colla) C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 7 (1910); SKOTTSBERG
K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd. 51 no. 9 tab. 7 f. 3. Syn. Lomaria Schottii
Colla 1836: 44 tab. 72; ZL. attenuata Hemsl. 71; Johow 1893: 29 f. 12, 1896:
160; L. 2’ Herminiert, Johow |. c. pro parte; L. fernandeziana Phil. Anal. Univ.
43: 105 (1873); L. della Phil. Linnaea 29: 105 (1857).
Not uncommon in the forests, often climbing on trees and arboreous ferns.
The fertile fronds are developed in late summer and ripen in March—Appril.
Masatierra: From Pto Frances to Juanango, ranging from about 200 m
to 6 or 700 m (nos. 286, 564, 1180); also on the south side, in the quebradas
of Villagra.
Masafuera: Q. de las Chozas, in forest 475 m (no. 517); Q. de las Casas,
not rare in the canyon.
In tg10 the reasons were given why this should be considered a distinct
species, and the differences between it and the closely allied 4. attenuatum
(Willd.) and &. meridense (KI.) C. Chr. were explained. We can add that the
basal scales are more distinctly toothed and frequently concolorous in &. Schottiz,
subentire and black in the centre in 4. merzdense.
No. 1180 is an anomalous form with the sterile pinnae deeply pinnatifid
in the external half, with subfalcate, acute segments.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Pres. chilense (KIf) MettiFil)'‘Lechl! 12 14,(1856); C.*Chr. Ind. 15
— Syn. Lomaria chilensis Kaulf. Enum. 154 (1824); ZL. capenszs Hemsl. 7
Johow 1893: 28 f. 11, 1896: 159; L. Reediz Phil. Anal. Univ. 43: 581 (1873).
Fairly common in the woods, preferring open glades and stony ground
near running water; also in the drier tracts. Fertile fronds develop during the
summer and ripen Feb.—March.
Masatierra: Pto Frances, scattered in the forest, c. 500 m; C. Centinela,
in the woods; Pangal, west branch on dry open ground; main gorge, at the
waterfall; O. Damajuana, small waterfall, c. 250 m; V. Colonial, in all the que-
bradas, common along the road to Portezuelo (no. 565, no. 331 f. anomala);
C. Salsipuedes, up to 670 m; Q. Juanango, along the brook, c. 200 m; Villagra
common in the large quebrada; S. slope of Co Chumacera, in the Boehmerta-
grove; B. Chupones, 2—300 m.
Masafuera: Q. de las Chozas, dry bed of a stream, 570 m (no. 437);
Q. de las Casas, common along the course of the stream; Q. Angosta, at the
waterfall; Q. del Varadero, waterfall; the Correspondencia Camp, in the ravine
1160 m; heath near Las Torres, 1350 m (dwarf specim.).
2
ae
>i)
B. chilense belongs to a group of closely allied species which by some
authors are united under the name B. cafense (Thunb.) Schlecht. This group
has never been critically revised. For the present it cannot be decided which
of the numerous species described should be regarded as valid. Here we prefer
to deal with B. chzlense as a separate species, although we are not prepared
to give good distinctive characters.
According to Jonow L. Reedi is a form with fronds partly fertile, partly
sterile. Such anomalous forms are occasionally met with in other members of
the group. No. 331 of the present collection is such a form, with all the pinnae
28 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
on one side fertile, and sterile on the other, corresponding to &. procerum
figured by LABILLARDIERE, Nov. Holl. Pl. Spec. tab. 247.
Area of distribution: Central Chile to West Patagonia, Falkland Islands;
Juan Fernandez.
32. B. cycadifolium (Colla) Sturm, Enum. pl. cr. vase. chil. 23 (1858);
C. Chr. Ind. 152. — Syn. Lomaria cycadifolia Colla 1836: 43 tab. 71; Johow
1896: 158; L. danuginosa Kze Anal. 19 (1837), Gay 6: 479; L. Boryana Hemsl.
2; Johow 1893: 27 f. 10; B. magellanicum var. cycadifolia C. Chr. Arkiv for
Bot. 10: 9 (1910).
Plate 4.
Fertile in March—April.
Masatierra: Characteristic of all the high ridges in the eastern and
central parts, forming very dense growths above 4—500 m (no. 580) and reach-
ing the summit of El Yunque (g40 m) where stout specimens may be seen
with field glasses. In the dense forest it is scarce, but on open, drier mountain
ridges with scattered trees it is again common. It is also encountered in the
treeless basal region, from Pto Frances to Pto Ingles, descending to 30 m
above sea level. On the south side of the island, small specimens were found
as far west as in B. Chupones.
Masafuera: On the ridges, in the alpine heath etc., smaller than in Masa-
tierra buth otherwise typical; Q. del Mono, one small plant at the roadside;
C. del Barril, 700-1200 m; alpine heath near the Correspondencia Camp, 1130
—1350 m (no. 405); Western precipice of C. Atravesado, well developed; slopes
of Los Inocentes, scattered in the Dicksonéa-belt, important in the typical alpine
heath 1350—1450 m.
This, the »Cycas-fern», is certainly closely related to B. magellanicum
(Desv.) Mett., to which it has been referred as a variety. From examination
of dried material alone it is difficult to find good distinctive characters, but
collectors apologize for its validity as a species (see Jouow |. c.). It isa true
tree-fern with a stout, often slightly curved stem and very rigid, shining leaves. -
Area of distribution: Endemic.
33. B. longicauda C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 10 tab. 1 (1910). — Syn.
Lomarta sp.?, Johow in sched. herb!; Asplencum longissimum, Johow 1893: 33,
1896: 163, xox Bl.
Fig. 5. — Plate 5.
In the quebradas, on stony or rocky soil, along running water, at the
waterfalls etc., often pending from the rocks and forming fine carpets on the
walls of the canyons. Not uncommon. Almost ripe fertile fronds were gathered
in February.
Masafuera: Q. de las Chozas, 450—500 m, dry bed of a stream (no.
365); Q. del Mono, 570 m; Q. de las Casas, in the canyon, luxuriant (no. 420);
Q. del Blindado, 440 m, in the bottom of a wooded ravine; Q. Angosta, 1 km
from the entrance, at the waterfall; Q. del Varadero, at the waterfall; Q. Lo-
beria, waterfall in the gorge, 190 m.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 20
This highly remarkable fern was discovered by JOHOW in Q. de las Casas,
and again found in the same locality by SKOTTSBERG, 1908. A _ beautiful lot
NIUNTIIANTTNNR
y
NY
ab anid ied
Mann
iN
ANN
NY
Fig 5. Blechnum longicauda C. Chr. a sterile pinna, nat. size, and enlarged fragment; 4 two
fertile pinnae, nat. size, and enlarged fragment; c palea form the stipe, X 5.
of specimens, including fertile fronds, enable us to complete the original de-
scription.
The rhizome is short, more or less erect, the fronds densely fasciculate.
When growing between stones along the water, the species has much the habit
30 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
of B. chilense. Rhizome and stipe are covered with thick, entire, lanceolate,
castaneous scales, I,5 cm long by 3 mm broad. The upper part of the stipe
and the rhachis have similar but smaller scales. Stipe short, rarely 10 cm long,
angular as is also the rhachis, compressed, over */2 cm broad, deeply furrowed
above. The numerous almost sessile, horizontal pinnae of the sterile frond are
more or less subcordate at base with lateral lobes overlapping the rhachis.
The lower pinnae are dwindling downwards, the lowest nearly semicircular. Not
all the sterile leaves are proliferous, the fertile never so. Fertile fronds have
very numerous, very long and narrow linear pinnae, 12—16 cm long by 2—3
mm wide only. Indusium coriaceous, nearly black, very closely imbricated and
first opening at full maturity, the edges entire or faintly and repandly toothed.
Lower reduced pinnae sterile and similar to those of the sterile frond, fertile
pinnae in some specimens with a basal leafy obovate segment, corresponding
to the basal lobes of the sterile pinnae; in others these sterile lobes are totally
missing.
B. longicauda differs widely from all other species except from B. Sprucez
C. Chr. (Lomaria caudata Bak.) from Ecuador, to which it is closely related.
We have seen the original specimens of the latter in Herb. Kew; if they are
of an average size, what we do not know, this is a much smaller species. It
differs mainly in the shape of the sterile pinnae, which are much shorter and
suddenly contracted into a subobtuse apex, rather unlike the long narrow one
in our species. The fertile pinnae are also shorter and narrower. The rhachis
is perhaps more densely pubescent.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Pellaea Link.
34. .P. chilensisFeée, Gen; 129 (1852); C. Chr. Ind. 4790. — Syan aaa
cinnalis chilensis Fée, Gay 6: 447; Nothochlaena chilensis Sturm 1858; Hemsl.
77; Johow 1893: 40 f. 25, 1896: 169.
Dry sunny cliffs, generally near the sea, very local. Probably fertile at
any time.
Masatierra: near Pto Frances (SCHREIBER t. JOHOW); Q. Piedra aguje-
riada, 30—40 m (BACKSTROM); Pangal, far into the gorge, rocky wall 210 m;
near the road from the colony to Pangal, on steep rocks above the sea, 45 m
(no. ICO).
Masafuera: GERMAIN! without locality; cliffs near the landing-place at
Q. de las Casas, c. 20 m (no. 410).
Very near, or too near the Andine P. mzvea (Poir.) Prantl, differing from
it mainly in its sessile pinnules and generally more oblong segments.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 2
Hypolepis Bernh.
35. H. rugosula (Labill.) J. Sm. Bot. Mag. 72, Comp. 8, 1846 (»rugu-
losa»). — Syn. Polypodium rugosulum Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. Spec. 2: 92 tab.
241 (1806); Dryopterts punctata subsp. rugosula C, Chr. Ind. 287.
var. Poeppigii (Kze). —- Syn. Polypodium Poeppigit Kunze, Linnaea g: 50
(1834); Phegopteris Poeppigiu Fée, Gay 6: 506; Mett. Pheg. no. 13; Polypodium
rugulosum KIf. Enum. 122 et auctt.; P. punctatum Hemsl. 76 (excl. syn. Phego-
pleris spectabilis); Johow 1893: 36 pro parte (zon fig. 21), 1896: 166 pro parte;
Nephrodium villosum Johow 1893: 35 pro parte, fig. 19, 1896: 165 (t. spec. in
Herb JoHOW! xox auctt.); Hypolepis Poeppigiana Mett. Fil. Lechl. 1: 18 (1856);
Dryopteris punctata C. Chr. Ind. 555.
Seems to thrive under very different conditions, in dense or open forests,
on barren slopes at the roadsides etc. Probably fertile at all seasons.
Masatierra: Q. Piedra agujeriada, c. 650 m (no. 596); V. Colonial, barren
slopes (no. 120) and in the caves no. 1V and V (common, no. 587); Q. Vil-
lagra, just below the Portezuelo pass (no. 276).
Masafuera: Near the abandoned Chozas village, roadside, 400 m (no.
439); Q. del Blindado, forest, c. 440 m; C. del Barril, 985 m;Q. de las Vacas;
Q. Angosta, at the waterfall.
The many specimens collected clearly belong to the Chilean Pol. Poep-
pigzz, and this cannot be separated from H/. rugosula as a distinct species.
KUNZE found that the essential differences between his Poeppigii and rugosu-
lum of LABILLARDIERE (the specific name erroneously written »rugulosum»
by all authors) were the lax texture and the obtuse, approximate secondary
pinnules of the former. It is true that most specimens show these characters,
which, however, vary with difference in shade and humidity. The shade form
(e. g. no. 587) belongs to typical Poepfpzgz7, but specimens from open soil are
scarcely distinguishable from typical P. rugosulum from Australia, where the
texture in the less humid climate becomes more thick, and the pinnules are
more distant and more acuminate. In all other characters specimens from the
two regions closely agree, and it is, therefore, impossible to deal with Poep-
pigii as a species, perhaps even as a distinct variety. The specimens from
Juan Fernandez are also very similar to Polypodium visctdum Roxb. (= Hypo-
lepis helenensis Fée) from St. Helena, and there is little doubt that P. w2//oso-
viscidum Thouars from Tristan d’Acunha is the same. All these names are
quoted as synonyms of P. rugosulum Labill.; the name of THOUARS was pub-
lished in 1804 and consequently has priority, but having seen no specimens,
we shall not venture to create a new combination.
H{. rugosula is frequently referred, as a variety or subspecies, to Po/.
punctatum Yhunb., the type of which is from Japan. A comparative study of
specimens from different regions will show, we believe, that 77. rugosu/la is a
distinct species of more southern distribution. Both certainly belong to //yfo-
lepis, not to Dryopteris.
In 1856 METTENIUS described some specimens from Chile, previously
referred to Pol. Poeppigit, as Hypolepis Poeppigiana, while he retained the spe-
32 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
cies of KUNZE under Phegofteris. Having examined specimens determined by
METTENIUS himself we must confess that we do not understand how this keen
observer has arrived at such an unnatural conclusion. The only difference
between the two species accepted by METTENIUS (and under two different
genera!) is that //. Poefpigiana has the fertile lobe somewhat protruding and
finally recurved, covering the sori, while, in P. Poeppig7, the fertile and sterile
lobes are alike, the fertile ones recurved with age. A study of more compre-
hensive material will show whether this difference is sufficient for the maintaining
of two species; as a character of genera it is absolutely artificial. In this place
it is sufficient to state that all specimens from Juan Fernandez belong to PA.
Poeppigit of METTENIUS.
The present species was greatly misunderstood by JoHow, which is proved
by his figures and remarks as well as by his specimens. His Polypodium punc-
fatum is for the greater part Dyyopterts inaequalfolia, while Hypolepis was
figured as Nefhrodium villosum; but his remarks on the latter clearly refer
not to Fypoleprs, by but to D. maegualifolia. While this has an erect, some-
times subarborescent caudex, //yfolepis has a widely creeping, slender rhizome,
which character alone, not to speak of the numerous others, will at one serve
to distinguish the two plants.
The specimens collected look rather different, diverging in size, cutting,
and texture. The largest ones, which could be named /7. rugosula typica, have
a firm, broadly ovate lamina, 35 cm long by 25 wide, fully tripinnate-quadri-
pinnatifid, the tertiary pinnules being deeply pinnatifid. Others, corresponding
to Nephrodium villosum of JOHOW, are of the same length and texture, but with
a narrower lamina (12—16 cm), the basal pinnae considerably reduced, bi-
pinnate-tripinnatifid, with obtuse secondary pinnules. This form corresponds
very well to Pol. Poeppigitt of KUNZE. There is a thinner shade-form of the
same. Finally we have the fine form growing in the caves (no. 587). This
has a thin, bright green lamina, lanceolate in outline (25 by 10 cm), barely
pinnatifid with lobed secondary pinnulae. A specimen from Masafuera is
smaller still (no. 439) the fully fertile leaves, of a rather firm texture, are only
12 by 4 cm, lanceolate, bipinnatifid. Such specimens approach very much /#.
obtusata (Pr.) Kuhn (syn. Polypodium fulvescens Hook et Grev., t. spec. orig,
in Herb. Kew), a high Andine species, referred to A. vugosula by HOOKER,
Spalkilia::272.
Area of distribution: Taken in a wider sense, the species inhabits
Australia, Chile, Juan Fernandez and probably also Tristan d’Acunha.
Adiantum L.
36. A. chilense’ KIf. Enum. 207 (1824); C. Chr. Ind. 24; Arkiv for Bot.
10: 4 (1910). — Syn. A. aethiopicum, Hemsl. 70; Johow 1893: 23 f. 5 a—e,
1896: 156 zon L.
A very common plant, ranging from the sea coast to the highest ridges,
found both in the forest region and on the open, barren slopes near the sea.
With ripe sporangia in the autumn and winter.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 33
Masatierra: In all the valleys from Pto Frances to Juanango (nos. 59,
59 b, 572).
Santa Clara: JOHOW.
Masafuera: Common along the shore from B. Toltén round the E. and
S. coasts to Q. Loberia, especially under overhanging rocks (no. 446); also in
the forest (no. 518) and in the alpine heath, to 1400 m.
All specimens examined belong to the genuine A. chz/ense, characterized
by perfectly glabrous fronds. JOHOW described and figured three forms. Of
these, the first (fig. 5 a) is a robust one, with a strong stipe, and the third a
smaller one (fig. 5 c) with a slender stipe; surely they represent two local
forms differing from humidity and shade. Both are represented in our collection.
The second variety of JoHOwW (fig. 5 b) is remarkable by the pinnae being
more or less striped with white, forming white sections of tissue without chloro-
phyll. Suggesting that they were due to some pathologic cause, Dr. H. E.
PETERSEN on our request made microtome sections: through such leaves and
found that the cells of the white parenchyma were filled with an entangled
mass of hyphae of a parasitic fungus that destroys the chlorophyll.
Area of distribution: Peri to Patagonia, Falkland Islands; Juan Fer-
nandez.
Pteris L.
37. P. chilensis Desv. Berl. Mag. 5: 325 (1811); Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 176
tab. 120 A; Hemsl. 70; C. Chr. Ind. 594; zon Johow 1893 fig. 7 nec 1806:
156, saltem pro parte. — Syn. P. éenera KIf. 1824; Gay 6: 488 (xox Bertero);
P. fernandestana Phil. Linnaea 29: 105 (1857), t. spec. orig. Herb. Mus. Nac.
Santiago!
In humid forests, on soil rich in humus; not observed at a greater altitude
than 500 m in Masatierra. (Fertile Dec.—April.)
Masatierra, not uncommon in the central part: C. Centinela, c. 400 m
(no. 609); V. Anson, lower slopes of La Damajuana, 345 m (no. 216); V. Co-
lonial, at the road to Portezuelo, in the maqui-thickets, 200 m (no. 566); Q. del
Monte Maderugo, c. 500 m (no. 337); C. Salsipuedes, forest patch c. 400 m;
Pto Ingles, on the central ridge (no. 324); south side of the island, slope of
Co Chumacera (no. 252).
Masafuera: in the forest of the Sanchez plain, 515 m (no. 401); Q. de
las Chozas, in the forest (no. 544); Q. de las Casas, under a large stone in the
outer section of the gorge, rare.
The present species is nearly related to the South Brazilian P. /eptophylla
Sw., but still very distinct. Its rhizome is short creeping, rather stout, densely
covered with dark brown, rigid, lanceolate scales, as is the larger part of the
stipes, which rise close together. P. fernandeszana Phil. cannot stand even as
a variety; the type of P. chzlenszs is quadripinnatifid, but some specimens,
growing in deep shade, are barely tripinnate at base, and the lamina more open
and thin, and they represent the true P. fernandeztana.
JoHow’s P. chilensis, as proved by his figures, description and specimens,
3— 20208. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. I,
34 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
is = Histiopteris. Thus it is impossible to understand why he identified P.
Sernandesiana with his chilenszs.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Prov. Maule to Valdivia; Juan Fer-
nandez.
38. P. semiadnata Phil. Linnaea 29: 106 (1857); C. Chr. Ind. 607. —
Syn. P. flexuosa Mett. Fil. Lechl. 1: 12 (1856) on KIf. 1830; P. marattiaefolia
Hook. Sp. Fil. 2:.177 tab. 122 B (1858); Hemsl. 71; Johow 1893: 25, 1896: 197.
Characteristic of the foggy region above 500 m, in Masafuera also in the
alpine heath, very local. (Fertile Jan.—Appril.)
Masatierra: Densely wooded, damp quebradas on the highest part of
C. Centinela, c. 660 m (no. 613); C. Salsipuedes, Q. Helechos in Drimys-
Dicksonia-forest, c 600 m, a beautiful stand (no. 280). — GERMAIN without
locality.
*Masafuera: Q. del Mono, c. 400 m (no. 543), forest ravine; Q. del Blin-
dado, forest, 440 m; C. del Barril, rock crevices above 800 m; Q. Inocentes,
under Dcksonia near the stream; the Correspondencia Camp, in the ravine
1160 m; edge of western precipice, at the foot of Las Torres among rocks,
1370 m (no. 438). — New for Masafuera.
The occurrence in the islands of this pretty, distinct species, recorded by
HEMSLEY from specimens collected by GERMAIN, was doubted by JoHow, who
suspected the locality to be false. The question is now settled by the redisco-
very of the species. The specimens are identical with those previously collected
by SKOTTSBERG in the island of Huafo, perhaps with the sterile tips of the
pinnules more grossly serrate, at least much more deeply and broadly serrate
than shown in HOOKER’s figure. The fertile edges are regularly crenate, often
prolonged beyond the brownish green, continuous indusium, which generally
is crenate with the crenae covering the nearly globose, rarely confluent sori,
that arise from the tips of the veins. In the sori the species resembles Casse-
beera, but the whole habit is that of Pterzs. It is a very large plant. The
base of the stipe is clothed with dark brown, opaque, lanceolate and entire scales.
We do not know any species of Eupferis nearly related to P. semiadnata.
We cannot agree with METTENIUS in considering it »ex affinitate P. chilensis»,
but it resembles some large Andine species of Lztobrochia, especially the
Mexican P. fulchra Schlecht. We are of the opinion that the subgenera of
Pteris, based solely upon the venation, are very unnatural, and that it is quite
natural to associate the free-veined P. semzadnata with P. pulchra and its allies,
which have anastomosing veins.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Isla Huafo; Juan Fer-
nandez.
39. P. Berteroana Agardh, Rec. Gen. Pteridis 66 (1839); C. Chr. Arkiv
for Bot. 10: 20 (1910). — Syn. P. éenera Bertero ex Colla 1836: 38 (t. Ag. xon
Kaulf.); Letobrochia decurrens Gay 6: 491 (ex. descr., xox Presl); Pterts comans
Hemsl. 70; Johow 1893: 25 f. 8, 1896: 257; P. zuczsa Johow 1893: 24 f. 6 (¢t.
spec. orig.!).
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS
uw
3
Common in the forest belt from Pto Frances to Juanango, and ranging
vertically from 200 to 640 m or more, in dense groves or in open glades along
streams and cascades. (lertile Dec.—March.)
Masatierra: C. Chifladores, quebrada in the interior of Pto Frances, c.
500 m, not uncommon; Q. Piedra agujeriada, c. 650 m; Pangal; Q. de la Da-
majuana, frequent at the small waterfalls, 250—350 m (no. 64, 217); near Pla-
zoleta del Yunque, ca. 250 m (no. 64B); V. Colonial, Q. del Monte Maderugo,
235 m; Cave no. V, rare; C. Salsipuedes, fern grove, 600 m; Q. Villagra, below
the pass, c..500 m, scarce; Q. de la Choza, in forest c. 250 m; S. slope of Co
Chumacera, in a Loehmeria-patch.
Masafuera: Forest on the Sanchez plain, 515 m; fissures in the coast
cliffs N. of Q. de las Casas, rare; more common in the canyon (no. 464); Q.
del Blindado, in the forest, 440 m; Q. de las Vacas, in the gorge; Q. Loberia,
at the stream and in the forest, c. 290 m.
This species cannot be united with P. comans Forst., but it is undoubtedly
closely related to P. Lndlicheriana Ag. from Norfolk Island, with which the
older P. Zahlbrucknertana Yndl. is probably identical. We know this species
from HOOKER’s Icon. Plant. tab. 973 only, and the specimens from Juan Fer-
nandez are different in habit. The venation is as described by AGARDH; above
the row of regular costal areoles the veins are free or form an irregular second
row of smaller areoles, while, in P. Axdlicheriana, there are four rows of areoles.
The ultimate segments are also different in shape, longer and more lanceolate
in P. Lerteroana. In any case, this belongs to the Polynesian element in
the flora.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Histiopteris (Ag.) J. Sm.
foo. incisa (Uhbg), J. Sm... Hist: Fil, 295; C. Chr. Ind: 352..— Syn.
Pieris incisa Thbg 1800; Hemsl. 70; Johow 1893: 24 (pro parte, xox f. 6), 1896:
156 pro parte?; P. flavescens Colla 1836: 37 tab. 67; P. patens Kze Anal. 28
(1837); Letobrochia patens Gay 6: 490; P. vespertilion’s Lab. var. flavescens Ag.
Rec. 80; //. zczsa var. flavescens C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 14 (1910); P. che-
lensis Johow 1893: 24 f. 7, 1896: 156 (excl. syn.).
A characteristic fern of the open forests and clearings, also occurring in
the barren tracts and forming extensive mats in burnt places. (Fertile Jan.—
April.)
Masatierra: Ridge between the Laura and Piedra valleys, 500—600 m,
along the edge of the forest; Pangal, in the dry outer sections of the gorges;
clearing near Plazoleta del Yunque, copious; V. Colonial, lower slopes, in the
small ravines (nos. 187, 583); QO. del Monte Maderugo (no. 333); Caves nos. I
and X; Villagra, along the road from Portezuelo, very numerous in cleared
spaces; S. slope of Co Chumacera; B. Chupones, rocky places, ravines, scarce.
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, c. 475 m (no. 519); Q. del Blindado, 440 m;
Q. Loberfa, near the stream, c. Ig0 m; highlands north of Q. Casas, seaward
36 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
face of Las Torres, among rocks, 1370 m; slopes of Los Inocentes, along the
edge of the Dzcksonza-forest, 950—1200 m; on the summit, 1350—1400 m.
A detailed comparison of our specimens with others from different regions
has proved that the plant from Juan Fernandez cannot be distinguished from
the South African type or from the Australian P. vespertilionts Labill. even as
a variety. GAY distinguished two species, but it seems that his descriptions
are abbreviated reprints from older works and not written after autopsy of
specimens. AGARDH referred P. flavescens to P. vespertilionis WLabill. as a
variety, with the following differential characters: »fronde subtus glaucescente,
stipite flavo» but specimens from Tasmania are also glaucous and the stipe of
P. flavescens is not always yellow but frequently light castaneous and very
glossy; nor do the differences between this and fatens or zuczsa hold good.
The species varies in colour of stipe and rhachis, in the degree of cutting,
bipinnate-tripinnatifid to tripinnate-quadripinnatifid, the more divided form well
figured by CoLLA. The lower side is pale green or subglaucous, the sori reach-
ing from the base to near the obtuse tips of the segments or interrupted. The
veins generally form a single row of costal areoles, but in one specimen we
found them nearly free. As all these variations are also found in the South
African or Australian plant we conclude that it is the typical form of P. zuczsa
that has found its way to this isolated locality. The South American variety
(P. elegans Sw.) looks rather different, and the Polynesian form (ZL. szuuata
Brack.) is still more remotely related to it. In a single character some speci-
mens recall ZL. szzuata, for the lower side is finely glandulose, quite as in spe-
cimens from New Caledonia, but this character is not a constant one, and,
moreover, some few glands may be found also in typical zuczsa.
JoHow has misunderstood the present species, as well as the species of
Pterts, which is proved from his figures and also from the specimens in his
herbarium.
Litobrochia appendiculata Gay 6: 491 war referred to P. zvczsa by HEMSLEY,
and JOHOW states that a specimen so named in the Herb. Mus. Nac. Santiago
no doubt belongs to P. chilensis. Now, P. chilensis Joh. is Histiopteris. We
believe that this opinion is right.
Area of distribution: South Africa, Australia, Tasmania; Juan Fernandez.
Polypodium L.
#41. P. Billardieri (Willd.) C. Chr. Ind. 513. var. magellanicum (Desv.)
C. Chr. Arkiv for Bot. 10: 15 (1910). — Syn. Grammutis magellanica Desv.
Berl. Mag. 5: 313 (1811); G. ~ana Brack. U. S. Expl. Exp. 16: 1 (1854).
Rare. Fertile fronds occur at all seasons.
Masatierra, only in the humid elevated parts and only found growing
on Drimys Winteri: high ridge between Q. Laura and Q. Piedra agujeriada, in
dense forest 650 m (no. 597); on the main crest of the island, above Pangal,
c. 800 m; mountain spur W. of el Yunque, c. 500 m, very scarce (no. 632).
Masafuera: C. del Barril, in moss-carpets on rocks, 985 m (no. 537).
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 37
The specimens of this species, for the first time collected in Juan Fer-
nandez, agree perfectly well with the small form from Fuegia described as G.
mana Brack., which is nothing but a dwarf form of G. magellanica Desy. In
1910 (1. c.) were pointed out the differences between the South American form
and the typical G. Lellardiert (Pol. australe R. Br.) from Australia, New Zea
land etc., and it is a matter of convenience whether the two forms ought to
be regarded as two separate species or as forms of a single one. We prefer
the latter as the American plant is intimately related to the typical form, while,
on the other hand, it has no near relative in South America. In any case it
is an Antarctic element in the South American flora.
Area of distribution: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Lord Howe’s
Island, Norfolk Island, Auckland and Campbell’s Islands. South Chile; Valdivia
to Fuegia; Juan Fernandez (var. magellanicum),
P. intermedium Colla 1836: 51 tab. 74. — Syn. P. tvanslucens Kunze,
Anal. pteridol. 16 (1837); Hemsl. 76 tab. 13; Johow 1893: 39 f. 23, 1896: 166
tab. 18; Gonzophlebium translucens Fée, Gay 6: 500.
COLLA’s name must be preferred to KUNZE's, being one year older; it is
not invalidated by an earlier P. ¢ztermedium Willd. as erroneously stated in
Ind. Fil. 570. In Willd. Spec. 5: 262 P. zztermedium Mihlb. is quoted as a
M.S. name only for Aspzdzum tntermedium Willd.
This species is endemic, although GAy etc. also quoted Chile as its native
country, for the specimens in Chilean herbaria belong to P. syxammza (Fée).
As mentioned by HEMSLEY and JOHOow it is very variable. The collection
includes a series of varieties, of which three correspond to those figured by
HEMSLEY. The extreme forms are so different that they can be mistaken for
separate species, but they all have the essential characters in common, and a
similar degree of variation is known in several species, e. g. in P. vulgare,
the forms of which correspond in a remarkable way to those of the present
species.
All forms have the same thick rhizome, densely covered with imbricate,
peltate, ovate-lanceolate scales, which are dark reddish brown and thicker in
the centre, paler and thinner at the margins and apex. The stipe is rather
pale, glabrous, and distinctly articulated just above the base. Lamina deltoid,
the pinnae connected by a narrow wing to the pale rhachis, the basal ones a
little decurrent; surface glabrous, texture generally thin, margins hyaline or
cartilagineous, veins very visible in their lower course, where they are dark-
coloured, but becoming nearly invisible towards their tips. Costal areoles di-
stinct, outside each areole 2—4 free veins, that do not reach the margin; for
exceptions, see below. The areole includes a free veinlet, which bears a sorus
at its apex; sometimes it is furcate. The receptacles are distinctiy linear but
short, the young sori oblong, a little immersed, the mature globose and
superficial. ;
All forms show these characters: they differe in size, texture and degree
of division.
Smallest leaves are 6 cm long and wide (stipe excluded), largest 24 cm
long and wide; sometimes the lamina is broader than long. Typically it is
38 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
thinly herbaceous, but specimens growing on rocks (nos. 318, 1148) have a
nearly coriaceous leaf with thick cartilagineous edges and the sori more di-
stinctely immersed.
As stated above the species varies extraordinarily in the degree of cutting.
The type, first described under the name iztermedium (or translucens), is con-
fined to Masatierra. Only once, an aberrant form was found growing on rocks
(no. 318); this corresponds rather to var. daszcompositum from Masafuera. When
JOHOW states that in Masatierra the species shows »lamina pinada-tripinada»,
he must have drawn his conclusions from HEMSLEy’s plate, for he never col-
lected a much divided form in Masatierra. The plants figured by HEMSLEY
fig. 2, 3 were collected by Mr. DOWNTON in »Juan Fernandez». They represent
two Masafueran varieties and were undoubtedly collected in Masafuera, this
island also having been visited by DOWNTON, and not in Masatierra, where
they do not occur. Masafuera is inhabited by a number of forms connected
by transitions. As they grow side by side, sometimes two widely distant ones
on the same branch, it is impossible to regard them as merely results of local
influences. Either, the species is composed of a number of units, elementary
species, giving the impression of a more or less continuous series, or we have
a few subspecies and their hybridogenous offspring. From taxonomic point of
view we have found it advisable to distinguish the following phaenotypes.
I. typicuim.
Endemic in Masatierra, not uncommon as an epiphyte on trees, generally
high up above the ground. Fertile during the summer and autumn.
Masatierra: generally found on Drimus Winter, but rarely below 400 m,
e. g. on the ridge between Q. Laura and Q. Piedra agujeriada, c. 650 m;
Rabanal, c. 450 m; Q. Damajuana, c. 250 m (rare), above 460 m fairly com-
mon; NE. slope of El Yunque (no. 154); C. Central, above 400 m; V. Colonial,
the slope below the Portezuelo pass (no. 33); Q. Seca, c. 435 m; C. Salsipuedes,
670 m, and in Q. Helechos, 660 m; Pto Ingles (JoHOW).
Confined to Masatierra and well illustrated by HEMSLEY, tab. 63 fig. 1.
Simply pinnate with pinnae connected by a narrow wing to the rhachis, their
margins subentire or obscurely serrulate. Veins always forming regular costal
areoles, often dark. In general habit resembling large forms of the Mediter-
ranean P. vulgare subsp. serratum.
An aberrant rock form corresponds to var. basicompositum described
below: minor, coriacea, pinnis basalibus pinnatis. —- Fig. 6 d.
Masatierra: Pto Ingles, two small specimens grew on the outside of the
»Robinson grotto» (no. 318). We are not sure if this form is to be considered
as a variety of ¢yfzcum, growing on rocks, but we find it more probably that
it ought to be referred to var. bastcompositum of the Masafueran subspecies;
in Masafuera, also another variety was found growing on rocks. It very likely
offers an example of occasional dispersal of spores from Masafuera to Masa-
tierra, where no forms of subsp. masafueranum occur.
2. subsp. masafueranum C, Chr. et Skottsb. nov. subsp.
Fig. 6.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 39
Fig. 6. Polyfodium intermedium Colla subsp. masafueranum C. Chr. et Skottsb, a@ var. obtu-
seserratum (no. 431); & var. basicompositum forma, with regular areoles (no. 1181); ¢ var. dast-
compositum forma, with free veins (no. 1186); d form from Masatierra, corresponding to dasv-
compositum (no. 318); e var. cambricoides (no. 432) with areoles or free veins. —
All plants half nat. size.
40 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
A typo differt pinnis basi magis angustatis, margine distincte dentato-
serratis vel grosse obtuse-serratis, interdum pinnis plus minus pinnatifidis, basa-
libus compositis, rhachide angustissime alata.
Fig. 6.
“Endemic in Masafuera. All forms seem to differ from the type by their
pinnae being more narrowed towards the base, and by the nearly unwinged
rhachis. We distinguish the following varieties. All of them are epiphytic on
trees, mostly on Myrceugenta Schulze, only once a form has been observed
growing on rocks. All forms were seen with ripe sporangia (Feb.—March).
var. obtuseserratum C. Chr. et Skottsb. nov. var.
Frons plerumque haud magis quam in typo divisa, sed pinnae multo
distinctius serratae vel lobulatae, serraturis vel lobis sat irregulariter dentatis;
pinnae basales breviores, rarius basipinnatae. — Fig. 6 a; HEMSLEY Fig. 2.
Masafuera: Forest on the Sanchez plain, 515 m, growing in company
with the following forms (no. 527). Q. del Mono, 450—570 m (no. 1182); Q.
del Blindado; Q. Loberia, 280 m, in forest (no. 431) and below the forest, in
the gorge, on rocks (f. corzacea, no. 1148).
Generally not more divided than the type, but the pinnae, often consi-
derably narrowed towards the base, are much more deeply serrate, the ser-
ratures again irregularly dentate, or cut more than halfway down to the midrib
into oblique, repand or serrate lobes, the basal ones shorter or obsolete; some-
times the basal pair of pinnae produces one or two longer lobes on the lower
side, or, more rarely, on the upper side, thus forming a transition to the follow-
ing variety. Veins of the lobes often free but not seldom forming one or
two areoles,
var. basicompositum C. Chr. et Skottsb. nov. var.
Pinnae basales regulariter et profunde pinnatifidae segmentis elongatis;
pinnae superiores ut in praecedenti vel interdum suprabasales segmentis 2—3
longis instructae.
Fig. 6 0, c; HEMSLEY Fig. 3.
Masafuera: Forest on the Sanchez plain, 515 m (no. 1181); Q. del Mono,
570 m (no. 1186); Q. de las Casas, on a tree fallen down from the wall of the
canyon (no. 529).
Basal pinnae regularly and deeply pinnatifid with lengthened segments on
both sides; upper pinnae as in the preceding form, but sometimes the second
pair of pinnae produces two or three long segments. The basal upper segment
of basal pinnae short or often quite rudimentary.
var. cambricoides C. Chr. et Skottsb. nov. spec.
Plerumque maxima, tripinnatifida. Frons flaccida textura tenuis. Pinnae
usque ad costam alatam incisae, pinnulis basalibus superioribus ad dentem
axillarem reductis. Pinnulae pinnarum superiorum profunde et distanter obtuse-
serratae, illae inferiorum pinnatifidae segmentis tertiis repandis vel obtuse
serratis.
Te) 02.
THE PTERICOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 41
Masafuera: Forest on the Sanchez plain, 515 m (no. 540); Q. del Mono,
450—570 m (no. 432); Q. del Blindado.
Generally large, bipinnatifid. All pinnae incised to a narrow wing into
long secondary pinnules, the upper basal ones being reduced to a tooth in the
axil of the costa. Pinnules of upper pinnae deeply and distinctly serrate,
resembling the upper pinnae of var. odtuseserratum, those of the lower pinnae
again pinnatifid with repand or obtusely serrate tertiary segments. Veins in
ultimate lobes free or also forming a single areole, rarely dark. Texture mostly
very thin, the lamina flaccid. This form corresponds to the var. cambricum of
P. vulgare, although somewhat more divided.
Area of distribution of P. zxtermedium: Endemic.
43. P. pycnocarpum C. Chr. Ind. 557. — Syn. P. macrocarpum Presl,
Rel. Haenck. 1: 23 tab. 1 f. 24 (1825), xox Bory; Johow 1896: 167. P. masa-
Juerae Phil. Linnaea 29: 107 (1857); Hemsl. 77; Johow 1893: 38; P. sguamatum
Phil., P. atacamense Bak.
Masafuera: GERMAIN!
Only a single, badly dried specimen is known, now in the Mus. Nac.
in Santiago; it was collected in Masafuera by GERMAIN and was described
by PHILIPPI as a new species. The impossibility of refinding it made it
rather improbable that it should be an endemic species. After an examina-
tion of the original plant we have arrived at the conclusion that JOHOW was
right in naming it P. macrocarpum, an Andine species. The single plant
found perhaps grew from a spore brought from the Andes with a strong
northerly wind, just as the curious occurrence of Elaphoglossum, mentioned
below, may be explained. JOHOW suggested that P. atacamense Bak. (= squa-
matum Phil.) from the Atacama desert would be a more xerophilous form of
the same species; thanks to Dr. O. STAPF, who sent us a leaf of the type,
we are able to confirm JOHOW’s opinion. It is not nearly related to P. ple-
bejum Ch. et Schl., as thought HEMSLEY.
Area of distribution: Mexico to Chile and Argentina; Masafuera.
44. P. lanceolatum L. Spec. Pl. 2: 1082 (1753); Hemsl. 76; Johow
1893: 36; C. Chr. Ind. 537. — Syn. P. peltatum? Colla 1836: 52 non Cav.;
Drynaria elongata Fée, Gay 6: 512; Gymnogramme elongata (Hemsl. 77?),
Johow 1893: 38 f. 24, 1896: 168.
A rather common epiphyte, also in the thin woods, generally found on
Drimys Waintert and often in company with P. ntermedium; rarely terrestrial.
(Fertile Dec.—April.)
Masatierra: Pto Frances, c. 250 m (no. 129); ridge between Q. Laura
and Q. Piedra agujeriada, c. 650 m; Rabanal, frequent in the interior; C. Cen-
tinela, on the ground in a shallow depression of the ridge not far south of the
Radio station; higher up a common epiphyte (no. 1150); Pangal (JOHOW); QO.
de la Damajuana, c. 250 m (no. 62); V. Anson, on the slopes of La Damajuana
(no. 215) and of El Yunque, common above 400 m; V. Colonial, along the road
to Portezuelo (no. 32); Q. Seca, c. 435 m; C. Salsipuedes, Q. Helechos, 660 m.
Masafuera: Forest on the Sanchez plain, 515 m; Q. del Mono, 475 m
42 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
(no. 1183); Q. de las Casas, growing on the rocky wall not far from the en:
trance; and also found in the canyon on a fallen tree (no. 546).
All the numerous specimens collected belong to the genuine P. /anceola-
tum and no form seen can with any right be placed under Gymnogramme
elongata (Sw.) Hook. HEMSLEY says that the subspecies had been collected
once but that he had not seen specimens. JOHOW had two species in 1893;
in 1896 he merges P. lanceolatum into Gr. elongata, evidently unaware of the
differences between the two types. It seems certain that only one form occurs
in the islands, and, therefore, G. e/ongata must be excluded form the list.
Some of the specimens are very large (leaves 25 cm long by 2?/2 cm
wide) and several have the edges of the upper part sinuate. No. 32 includes
several frond with the tips once or twice furcate or cleft into three lobes.
Area of distribution: Pantropical; also in Chile.
Elaphoglossum Schott
*45. E. Lindenii (Bory) Moore. C. Chr. Ind. 310. —- Syn. Acrostichum
Lindentt Bory; Fée Acrost. 48 tab. 18 f. 3.
Masatierra: north precipice of Co Piramide, c. 600 m, among mosses on
a narrow ledge; very few specimens seen (no. 193).
A most interesting addition to the flora of the islands. The few plants
found agree in all details with the Mexican’ form described as Acrostichum ve-
nustum Liebm. A possible explanation of the occurrence of this species in the
islands is given under Polypodium pycnocarpum above; the mountain wall where
it was found faces the North and will be struck by the rare but strong north-
erly storms.
Area of distribution: Tropical America; Masatierra. Not in Chile.
Gleicheniaceae.
Gleichenia Smith
While HEMSLEY listed two species of Gleichenia, G. cryptocarpa Hook.
and G. revoluta H. B. K., evidently overlooking that HOOKER in Syn. Fil. 13
quoted the locality »Juan Fernandez, Bertero», for G. pedalis {KIf.) Spr., JoHOW’s
list contains only G. fedalis, as he believed that both species listed by HEMs-
LEY were incorrectly named and only represented G. pedalis. In this he is
quite right: G. cryptocarfa, quoted on the authority of PHILIPPI (Bot. Zeit.
. 1856: 631) is shown by the specimens in Mus. Nac. Santiago to be G. pedalis
(they were thus labelled by PHILIPPI himself), and Mr. WRiGTH kindly informs
us that DOWNTON’s specimen of G. revoluta in the Kew Herbarium is G. feda-
“is and that MOSELEY’s fragmentary plant also belongs to the same species.
Thus, only one species of the genus was hitherto known from the islands.
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 43
*40. G. quadripartita (Poir.) Moore, Ind. 382 (1862); C. Chr. Ind. 324.
Only in the Alpine re
March.)
- Masafuera, in the highest parts: The Correspondencia Camp, in the ravine,
1160 m (no. 409); Las Torres, 1370 m; C. del Barril, 1290 m; Los Inocentes,
1375 m. — New for Juan Fernandez.
gion, in sheltered places. Rare. (Fertile Feb.
z
The specimens agree closely with an authentical specimen leg. COMMER-
SON, Herb. Haun. The primary branches are sometimes once, sometimes twice
furcate. Younger leaves decidedly glandulose, especially beneath.
This species is often confounded with G. cryptocarpa Hook., but it is not
proliferous although having a scaly bud in the primary furcation; the costae
and costules are rather densely chaffy with rufous scales and flaccid hairs, the
edges revolute but not covering the sporangia, and the slender, branched rhi-
zome is very sparingly paleaceous with ovate, peltate, appressed, very deciduous
scales, while the rhizome of G. crypfocarpa is stronger and more densely and
permanently paleaceous.
Area of distribution: Llanquihue to Fuegia; Masafuera.
47. G. pedalis (Kaulf.) Spr. Syst. 4: 26 (1827); Johow 1893: 20 f. 1,
1896: 153. — Syn. Mertensia pedalis Kaulf. Enum. 39 (1824).
Rocky ridges in dry, sunny places, very local. (Fertile in March.)
Masatierra: V. Colonial, near the road to Portezuelo, 3—400 m, forming
small beds in places (no. 563); C. Central, on the narrow crest, 570 m; C. Sal-
sipuedes, narrow ridge between Q. Salsipuedes and Q. Helechos, c. 500 m, Q.
Villagra, low ridge near the camping place, c. 200 m.
The specimens are rather typical, still the costa and costules are per-
fectly destitute of scales; both surfaces are finely glandulose by minute, glist-
ening glands.
Area of distribution: Cordilleras of Southern Chile; maritime provinces
from Valdivia to the Chonos Islands; Masatierra. :
eo Gr, cl. litoralis: (Phil) © Chr. lnd..322)
Masafuera: The Correspondencia Camp, in the ravine, very scarce (no. 403.)
Sterile specimens from Masafuera that resemble G. peda/7s in colour, veins,
structure of scales and growth, but differ in its palaceous costae and costules;
the scale are rufous, paler with age, ciliate, those of the costules lacerate,
small, all leaving small red spots when falling; it also differs in the shape of
the segments, which are broader below, gradually tapering toward the apex
and finally in the primary branches being twice furcate, carrying segments
above quite to the base, naked outwards from the first to the second furcation.
Typical G. pedalis, as a rule, has the primary branches prolonged without seg-
ments on both sides save for a larger one close to the furcation. After
inspection, Prof. HIERONYMUS informs as that it stands near /zforalis of Phi-
lippi, which has narrower scales on the midrib.
44 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Ophioglossaceae.
Ophioglossum L. .
*ag. O. fernandezianum C. Chr. nov. spec.
Rhizoma parvum, 3—4 mm latum, hypogaeum, radiculas numerosas brun-
neas emittens. Folia saepe bina. Petiolus communis hypogaeus, tenuis, palli-
dus, compressus, rarius ad 2 cm longus. Lamina sterilis petiolo hypogaeo
O,5—I,s5 cm longo, pallido, complanato, ovata, 1,5—2,; cm longa, paulo supra
basin rotundatam 10—14 mm lata, apiculata, carnosula. Vena mediana in-
Fig. 7. Ophioglossum fernandezianum C. Chr. a, 6 two plants, x 2; ... marks the surface of
soil; ¢ leat, X 4, showing venation.
distincta, quam laterales vix crassior, interdum subnulla; areolae magnae.
Vitta deest. Pedunculus spicae lamina sterili brevior vel subaequans, fere ad
apicem hypogaeus et pallidus. Sporangia 7—10-juga, apice sterili spicae
ovato-acuto.
Masatierra: In the western part, slopes towards B. Tierras Blancas, c.
50 m (BACKSTROM; no. 1126). — Fertile.
In the summer, no trace of this plant was seen; in the spring, when Mr.
BACKSTROM returned to Masatierra, he found this species (Aug., 1917).
This new little species certainly falls within the aggregation of forms
called O. mudicaule by BAKER, but it cannot be referred to any species de-
scribed by PRANTL in his monograph of the genus. It mostly resembles O.
ypanense Mart. from Brazil and Columbia, but it lacks the »vitta», the pale
‘
THE PTERIDOPHYTA OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 45
stripe along the middle of the sterile lamina. [From all species known to us
it seems very well marked by the long shaft of the sterile lamina and by the
short peduncle, which scarcely and rarely overtops the sterile lamina. The
whole common stalk as well as the stipe of the sterile lamina and nearly the
whole peduncle of the spike are, at least in all specimens collected, hypogaeus
and without chlorophyll. The venation is seen in fig. 7 c, drawn by Mag.
MATTHIESEN.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra,
Lycopodiaceae.
Lycopodium L.
*so. L. magellanicum Sw. Syn. Fil. 180 (1806).
Only in the alpine heath, rare. Fertile in the autumn.
Masafuera: In the higher parts of the Alpine region, Las Torres, c.
1350 m, scarce (no. 482). — New for Juan Fernandez.
A very robust form, with deeply subterraneous rhizome, larger than any
form we have seen from. Subantarctic districts.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to Fuegia and Patagonia;
Atl. subantarctic islands; Masafuera. New Zealand and subantarctic islands.
51. L. Gayanum Remy; Gay 6: 545.
Subalpine and alpine heaths. Fertile in the autumn and winter,
Masafuera: Stony heath in the highlands above the Mono and Pasto val-
leys, I100—1300 m, not uncommon (no. 416); C. del Barril, 740 m (no. 534).
— Discovered by SKOTTSBERG 1908, at the Correspondencia Camp.
BAKER, Fern Allies 29 regards L. Gayanum as intermediate between the
typical ZL. scartosum Forst. from New Zealand and its var. Fusszaec Desv. from
tropical America. We prefer to regard it as specifically distinct from both.
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to the Guaitecas Islands;
Masafuera.
Before the investigations of SKOTTSBERG, the known vascular cryptogams
of Juan Fernandez numbered 39 species; in 1908 3 species were added, and in
I916—17 9 more, giving 51 species as a total. Of these 36 species are com-
mon to Masatierra and Masafuera, 6 only found in Masatierra and 9 only in
Masafuera. Of the 51 species 17 are endemic in the islands (3 of these confined
to Masatierra and 1 to Masafuera). Two species are known elsewhere, but
represented by endemic varieties. Of the genera only one, 7yrsopieris, in
endemic. The percentage of endemic species is high, amounting to 33,3 %.
46
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
ie
CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Explanation of the Plates.
All figures reproduced after photographs taken by C. SKOTTSBERG.
1. Hymenoglossum cruentum (Cav.) Pres] on the slope of La Damajuana, Masatierra.
Asplenium magellanicum K\f. in the centre and on the left side. 2. Asplenium macro-
sorum Bert. in Q. de las Chozas, Masafuera.
Dicksonia Berteroana (Colla) Hook. var. virgata C. Chr. et Skottsb. in Q. del Blin-
dado, Masafuera. Mrs. S. at the foot of the tree.
Dryopteris inaegualifolia (Colla) C. Chr. near Portezuelo, Masatierra.
Blechnum cycadifolium (Colla) Sturm near the road to Portezuelo, Masatierra. Mrs. S.
in the foreground,
Blechnum longicauda C. Chr. in Q. de las Casas, Masafuera.
ia fe
(
]
Fernandez and Faster T[s/.
Juan
Hist. F.
Vat.
PLAT!
Isl. Vol. 1.
and faster
Fernandes
Juan
ry
Nat. First.
Nat. Hist. Fuan Fernandes
and keaster
/s/.
l i, /.
4
=
ee eae -
Nat. Hist. Fuan Fernandez and Easter 1 Vol. 1
Wr/ ti.
iy
dg Aytier" “ age
os hy ‘ ‘ Mt Meg
as da
- N See a
Cee aX reek “Bie
f &% ! EMR
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ie
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De A es
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2. The Ferns of Easter Island.
By
CARL CHRISTENSEN and CARL SKOTTSBERG.
With 3 text figures.
The present collection was made by the undersigned, assisted by Mrs.
SKOTTSBERG, during the Swedish Expedition to the Pacific, 1916—17. We
spent the later half of June, 1917, on Easter Island (Isla de Pascua). Before
our visit, only one representative collection’ seems to have been made on the
island, by Mr. F. FUENTES of the Museo Nacional in Santiago, 1911; this was
kindly put to my disposal in the said Museum. A list of Mr. FUENTES’ ferns
was published by C. M. HICKEN: Contribucion al Estudio de las Pteriddfitas
de la Isla de Pascua i descripcidn de dos nuevas especies (Bol. Mus. Nac.
Chile V: 1, 1913); also in Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. XVII (1913). The ferns were
also included in FUENTES’: Resena botanica sobre la Isla de Pascua (Inst. Centr.
Meteor. y Geofis. de Chile no. 4, 1913 and Bol. Mus. Nac. Chile V: 2, 1913).
FUENTES’ list contains three species, not mentioned by HICKEN, Asfplenium
obtusatum, Dryopteris parasitica and Polystichum aculeatum; Mr. HICKEN, con-
sequently, did not receive specimens of these.. We did not find P. aculeatum
or any allied species, nor were there any specimens of it in the collection
shown to me by Mr. FUENTES.
In the short list of plants communicated by HEMSLEY (Report Challeng.
Bot. I: 15) no fern figures.
Dr. CHRISTENSEN kindly undertook to revise our collection and the new
forms described are due to him.
A map, of the island, showing the localities quoted, is published in Vol.
I, No. 1. — Altitudes in meters above sea level.
An* before a name signifies an addition to the flora.
The numbers in brackets refer to our collection.
; C. Skottsberg.
Polypodiaceae.
Asplenium L.
#1. A. adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. Ind. 99 var. squamulosum noy. var.
A forma typica differt: foliis utrinque ad rachidem venasque dense
paleaceis; paleis rhachidis fuscis, venarum minutis, e basi lata fimbriata subito
in apicem subulatum angustissimum contractis.
1 Nothing has been published on the »Albatross» collection (AGAssiIz a. 0.).
48 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Hab. in the crater lake of Rano Kao, c. 110 m., growing on the firm
moss peat (no. 677; also AGAssiIz!). — Fertile. — Not recorded before.
Area of distribution: Asia, trop. Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia,
Afr. orient. and adj. islands.
2. A. obtusatum Forst. — FUENTES, Bol. 327.
Rocks near the sea shore, probably not uncommon.
Hab. Estern headland, humid fissures on the steep slopes of Vaintu
Rova, c. 275 m; Hanga Ho Orno, coast cliffs (no. 633); between Hanga Piko
and Pta Baquedano, not uncommon, well developed. — Fertile.
Area of distribution: West coast of South America to Chiloé; Austra-
lia, New Zealand, Oceanic Islands.
Doodia R. Br.
*2. D. paschalis nov. spec. Fig. 1.
Rhizomate obliquo, brevi, paleis nigris, filiformibus cum parte basali stipitis
subdense onusto. Stipitibus fasciculatis, strictis, parce scabris vel sublaevibus,
a basi ad medium atris vel nigrescentibus, sursum pallide stramineis vel fuscis,
basi paleis filiformibus crinitis, sursum glabris, superne late sulcatis instructis,
ad 15 cm longis. Lamina pinnatifida, oblanceolata vel rarius subgradatim
attenuata, versus basin subito contracta, ima basi saepe hastata, versus apicem
breve caudata, usque ad 30 cm. longa, supra medium 6—10 cm lata, papyracea
vel subcoriacea, obscure viridi; rhachide et costa mediana straminea, minuto
elanduloso-pubescente, superne compressa, late canaliculata; pagina superiore
glabra, inferiore minuto glanduloso-pubescente, postea glabra. Segmentis usque
ad 30-jugis, approximatis, basi confluentibus, oblongis, obtusis, maximis 3,5;—5
cm longis, 6—8 mm latis, marginibus inaequaliter argute serratis, inferioribus
3—5-jugis subito contractis, semiorbicularibus vel triangularibus sub I cm.
longis, infimis frondium perplurimum elongatis, 2—2.5 cm longis. Venulis extus
seriem areolarum costalium plerumque furcatis, in dentes abeuntibus. Soris
nervo mediano valde approximatis, brevissimis (I—15 mm longis), plus minusve
lunatis, utroque latere costz uniseriatis; rarius secunda series interrupta prime
approximata adest. Indusiis integris, angustis.
Hab. Eastern headland, humid fissures on the steep slopes of Vaintu
Rova and Tea-tea (no. 655); Rano Aroi, rocks inside the crater, c. 420 m,
rare. — Fertile. — A new addition to the flora.
This new species is closely allied to D. dblechnoides A. Cunn. from Austra-
lia, at least the plant cultivated under that name and accurately figured by
METTENIUS (Fil. Lips. tab. 6 fig. 3—4), but BAKER (Syn. Fil.) says that the
genuine 2. blechnoides does not show the reduced lower pinnz of our species.
METTENIUS’ description covers our plant very well with the exception that young
D. paschalis is rather densely glandulose beneath, and that, in larger leaves,
there are traces of a secord series of sori. Remarkable is the pair of leng-
thened basal pinnae which make the whole lamina hastate; sometimes only one
of the two pinne is long, rarely both are abbreviated. From the common
Polynesian DY. media R. Br. and its numerous forms 2). paschalis differs in its
pinne being contiguous at base, in the sori being placed close to the midrib,
and in the furcate veins outside the costular areoles.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fig. 1.
49
“>
ei -
= a
a_i
CF 7 —
i
yseouoc «
re. Stes ttr ss, he
—- ed
rr)
Co re
, ee SSRI ORI AR RES
Stee,
:
Fig., 2:
Fig. 1.
Doodia paschalis C. Chr.; entire frond, half natural size; @ 2 pinnae from different spe-
cimens, nat, size; 6 pinna with partly double rows of sori, nat. size; ¢ fragment of pinna, x 2.
Elaphoglossum tahitense Brack.; entire plant, half natural size; @ fragment of frond,
c from the stipe, d from lower side of leaf, all
Fig. 2.
nat. size; d—d paleae, 6 from the rhizome,
enlarged.
Voki.
The Nat, Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl.
4 — 20206.
50 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Dryopteris Adans.
4. D. Espinosai Hicken, Bol. 135, tab. XXVII, Rev. 94, tab. 9. — Fig. 3.
Hab. Only found in the crater of Rano Aroi, c. 420 m, between large
boulders (no. 690). — Fertile.
This species, recently described and figured by HICKEN after specimens
collected by FUENTES, is a very remarkable one, belonging to the subgenus
Ludryopterts which is very weakly represented in Central Polynesia but rather
rich in species in the Hawaiian Islands. YD. sfznosaz, however, differs greatly
from all Polynesian and Asiatic species of that subgenus known to us, while,
on the other hand, it is closely related to a group of Tropical American spe-
cies (D. patula, cinnamomea and mexicana). In most features it agres very
well with D. mexicana (Pr.) C. Chr. (syn. Aspidium flaccidum), being, however,
much larger, and with certain forms of the Brazilian D. patula (Sw.) Underw.
It differs from these especially in the glandulose-ciliate basal scales and in the
very glandulose lamina. As the original description was published in two perio-
dicals rather rare in Europe, a full description is given below.
Rhizomate obliquo cum parte basali stipitum paleis lutescentibus vel pallide
rubro-brunneis tenuissimis, lanceolatis, apice longe filiformibus, marginibus glan-
dulosis, dense obtecto. Stipitibus fasciculatis, stramineis, ad 15 cm longis.
Lamina textura tenuissima, laete virescente, ubique dense glandulosa, deltoidea
— ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, circiter 20 cm longa, maxima 20 cm. lata, tri-
quadripinnatifida. Pinnis saepe fere oppositis, distantibus, ovatis vel ovato-
lanceolatis, maximis 10 cm longis, breve stipitatis, acuminatis vel subobtusis,
infimis parum inaequilateralibus, latere basiscopico vix: aucto. Pinnulis secundi
ordinis inferioribus liberis, superioribus decurrenti-confluentibus, fere ad basin
pinnatifidis, segmentis tertiariis decurrentibus, integris, crenato-dentatis vel
maximis subpinnatifidis. Venis medianis basi decurrentibus, ultimis indivisis
vel interdum furcatis. Soris majusculis, saepe uno pro Jobo ultimo, nervo
mediano approximatis. Indusiis reniformibus, subpersistentibus.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
#5. D. gongylodes (Schkuhr) OK.
Hab. Rano Aroi, c. 400 m, edge of the crater lake with Polygonum
acuminatum, very scarce; Rano Kao, bottom of crater, c. 110 m, in the Scir-
petum, and among the large boulders a little higher up (no. 678). — Fertile. —
Not recorded before.
Area of distribution: Pantropical.
6. D. parasitica (L.) OK. — FUENTES, Bol. 327.
Hab. Crater of Rano Aroi, c. 420 m, and also crater of Rano Kao, c.
125 m (no. 666), among boulders. — Fertile.
This is taken in a wide sense; probably DY. favasztica includes several
distinct species.
Area of distribution; Tropical and subtropical regions.
7. Elaphoglossum tahitense Brack. — Syn. £. Gayanum, Hicken Bol.
137, Rev. 96. zon Moore. — Fig. 2.
Hab. Fissures in the rocks in Rano Aroi, c. 420 m (no. 691). — Fertile.
THE FERNS OF EASTER ISLAND 51
The specimens collected agree in all essential characters with the descrip-
tion of BRACKENRIDGE; previously, it was known only from Tahiti. It is a
much larger species than /£. Gayanum (Fée) Moore, to which the specimens
in the FUENTES collection were referred by HICKEN; moreover, it is well
marked by the scattered minute scales on the underside.
Area of distribution: Tahiti; Easter Island.
Fig. 3. Dryopieris Esfinosat Hicken; basal pinna, natural size; a pinnule of 1. order, X 2,
& af 23 order! 5<"4.
Microlepia Pres
8. M. strigosa (Thbg) Presl. — HICKEN Bol. 132, Rev. 90.
The only common fern, probably growing all over the island in scattered
specimens, generally among rocks and stones,
Hab. Eastern headland, Vaintu Rova and Tea-tea; plains near Hanga
Ho Orno, not rare (no. 647); Rano Aroi, fairly common; between Hanga Roa
village and Mataveri, scattered; Rano Kao, in the crater, not rare (no. 1125). —
Fertile.
Area of distribution: SE. Asia, Polynesia.
Polypodium L.
9. P. phymatodes L. — Syn. P. phymaiodes et P. Fuentesi Hicken,
Boly.132 tab. XXVI, Rev. 91 tab. 8.
52 CARL CHRISTENSEN AND CARL SKOTTSBERG
Hab. Eastern headland, Vaintu Rova and ‘Tea-tea, humid fissures, not
rare (no. 654); Rano Aroi, fairly common; Rano Kao, stone-heaps near the
lake, c. 125 m (no. 673), but also seen higher up. — Fertile.
This common Polynesian fern varies in the island as in most other loca-
lities greatly in size and division, the leaves now being entire, now trifid or
pinnatifid with several pair of segments, which are longer or shorter, acute or
obtuse. PP. Fuentesizz is one of the larger forms, but certainly not ae
able even as variety. Typical /wenteszz is in the coliection.
Area of distribution: The tropics of the Old World, including Austra-
lia and Polynesia.
Vittaria J. Sm.
10. V. elongata Sw. — Syn. V. costata Hicken Bol. 137, Rev. 96,
non Kunze.
Hab. In fissures between blocks, with moss, in the craters of Rano Aroi,
c. 420 m and Rano Kao, c. 125 m. (no. 672), in the last mentioned also in
the moss peat of the crater lake. — Fertile.
This very common Polynesian species is totally different from the Ame-
rican V. costata Kze, to which HICKEN referred specimens from the island.
Area of distribution: Tropical Asia, Polynesia, N. S. Wales.
Ophioglossaceae.
Ophioglossum L.
#11. O. reticulatum L.
Probably not uncommon in short grass on the plains and slopes.
Hab. West slope of Mt Katiki (no. 1184); near the landing-place in
Hanga Ho Orno (no. 648); near Mataveri; also seen in the centre of the
island. — Fertile. — Not recorded before.
Area of distribution: Tropical Africa and America; Polynesia.
*
‘12. O. coriaceum A. Cunn.
Hab. With the preceding, slope of Mt Katiki (no. 651), and at Hanga
Ho Orno. — Fertile. — Not recorded before.
We have some doubt of this being the true O. corzaceum A. Cunn.;
it certainly belongs to O. coréaceum Prantl, Mon. Ophiogl. 314 tab. 7 fig. 9,
10, 15; on the other hand, it falls under O. valgatum var. australasicum Luetss.
Mus. -Godeffr. 3: 246, corresponding closely to his fig. 73. PRANTL refers
LUERSSEN’s variety to O. pedunculosum; to this species our specimens certainly
do not belong.
Area of distribution: Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand; Easter Island;
Bolivia.
THE FERNS OF EASTER ISLAND 53
If we exclude the dubious record of Polystichum aculeatum, Mr. FUENTES’
list comprises 7 species (Polypodium [uentesii was reduced to P. phyma-
todes), which were all found by us with addition of 5 species not recorded
before, making a total of 12 ferns known in Easter Island. Two of these
are endemic.
ak is a ieee Pale &
\ Pie ne, rae
yee eT eee Fae
oe: thy B) manic is sé
3. Die Myxomyceten der Juan Fernandez-Inseln.
Von
ROB. E.. FRIES.
Die von Dr. C. SKOTTSBERG 1916--17 auf den Juan Fernandez-Inseln
zusammengebrachte Myxomycetensammlung, die mir giitigst zu Bearbeitung
anvertraut worden ist, umfasst insgesammt 16 Arten. Alle diese sind fiir die
Inselgruppe neu, mit Ausnahme von zwei Arten, die laut JoHOwW (Flora de las
Islas de Juan Fernandez (1896) S. 195) schon dort angetroffen sind. Noch
zwei, von SKOTTSBERG nicht gesammelt, werden daselbst angefiihrt. Insge-
sammt sind also 18 Arten von der Inselgruppe bekannt, eine (Lzcea Schoenleiniz;
siehe unten) jedoch sehr unsicher. Alle diese sind von der Insel Masatierra
bekannt, nur drei derselben ausserdem von Masafuera.
Diese von Juan Fernandez bisher bekannten Myxomyceten, iiber welche
ein Verzeichnis hier mitgeteilt wird, bilden sicherlich nur einen kleineren Teil
der dort vorkommenden Arten. Sie bieten allerdings ein grosses Interesse dar,
weil sie deutlich zeigen, dass die Myxomycetenflora gar nicht denselben Reich-
tum endemischer Arten wie die der héheren Pflanzen aufweist. Im Gegensatz
sind, wenn man von der sehr unsicheren, JOHOWschen Lzcea-Art absieht, alle
ausgepragte Kosmopoliten. Um dies zu beleuchten diirfte es geniigen zu er-
wahnen, dass von den 17 guten Arten nicht weniger als 13 sowohl aus Europa,
Asien, Afrika, Australien als Nord- und Siidamerika schon bekannt sind, die
ubrigen 4 aus wenigstens Europa, Asien und Nordamerika.
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Muell.) Macbr.
Von JOHOW unter dem Namen Ceratium hydnoides Alb. & Schw. fiir
Masatierra angegeben.
Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers.
Masatierra: Siidwestseite von Portezuelo, im Wald ungef. 500 m ii. M.
(1orJan. TI 7):
ROB. E. FRIES
Kesh
-~ 9.
Die Exemplare gehoren der Form an, die von G. LISTER (Monograph of
the Mycetozoa. Ed. Il. S. 73. Ig11) als cevereum in beschranktem Umfang
aufgefasst wird. Die Sporen sind namlich hell braun, glatt, grosstenteils 8—9 p,
Diam. Sie variieren jedoch sehr und erreichen sogar Dimensionen bis zu
18 u.; diese Riesensporen sind oft ellipsoidisch, ei- oder nierenformig und diirf-
ten wohl von ungiinstigen Entwicklungsverhaltnissen bedingt sein.
Physarum sinuosum (Bull.) Weinm. ex Fr.
Masatierra: Quebrada de la Damajuana (30. Dez. 1916); Wald bei Pla-
zoleta del Yunque (28. Dez. 1916), — Gut entwickeltes und typisches Material.
Fuligo septica (L.) Gmel.
Masatierra: Cordén del Centinela (11. Apr. 1917). — Die Exemplare ge-
hoéren der var. flava (Pers.) an, die tibrigens schon von BERTERO und JoHOW
auf Masatierra gesammelt wurde.
Diachza leucopoda (Bull.) Rost.
Masatierra: Wald in der Nahe von Plazoleta del Yunque (28. Dez. 1916);
Quebrada de la Damajuana (30. Dez. 1916). — Typisch, auf trockenen Zweigen
und Blattern (von Arzstotelza, Farnen u. a.) reichlich wachsend,
Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) Macbr. var. manus List.
Masatierra: Quebrada de -la Damajuana (30. Dez. 1916); Cordén del
Centinela (11. Apr. 1917).
Didymium nigripes (Link) Fr.
Masatierra; Quebrada de la Damajuana (30. Dez. 1916); Pangal (1. Jan.
1917); Pico Central (18. Jan. 1917). Alle sind zur Hauptart mit dunkel orange-
farbigen Stielen zu rechnen, die Exemplare von Pangal sind jedoch auffallend
grob gebaut.
Stemonites splendens Rost.
Masatierra: La Damajuana, im Wald ungef. 500 m ii. M. (29. Jan. 1917).
— Gehort zur Hauptart. Das oberflachliche Netzwerk des Kapillitiums hat
kleine Maschen (15—40 ». Diam.); die Sporen sind glatt und zeigen sogar bei
1200 mal Vergrosserung keine deutlichen Warzen.
DIE MYXOMYCETEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN
Comatricha nigra (Pers.) Schroet.
Masatierra: La Damajuana, ca. 500 m ii. M. (29. Jan. 1917); Wald bei
Yunque (Aug. 1917). — Alle Exemplare haben zylindrische (ca. 2 mm lange)
Sporangien, die im Bau des Kapillitiums mit der vay. dava (Rost.) R. E. Fr.
(Syn. Comatricha laxa Rost.| ibereinstimmen,
Cribraria aurantiaca Schrad.
Masatierra; Quebrada de la Damajuana (9. Apr. 1917).
Licea flexuosa Pers.?
Die von JoHow auf Masatierra gesammelte und unter dem Namen Licea
Schoenleinit beschriebene Art ist der kurzen Beschreibung nach zu urteilen wahr-
scheinlichst mit ffexwosa zu identifizieren (vgl. LisrER, Monogr, ed. II. S. 189).
Lycogala Epidendrum (L.) Fr.
Masatierra: Juanango (9. Apr. 1917).
Trichia verrucosa Berk.
Masatierra: ohne naher angegebenen Fundort. Masafuera: Las Chozas
(26. Nebr. 1917).
Die Elateren beider Kollektionen sind auffallend dick, ungef. 7,5 . in
Diameter. Die Exemplare von Masafuera sind im iibrigen ganz typisch, die
von Masatierra bieten ein besonderes Interesse dar, weil sie teilsweise Uber-
eangsformen zu 7richia affinis De Bary aufweisen. Die Sporangien sind nam-
lich teils fast ganz stiellos, teils kurz, teils typisch lang gestielt. Sie sind jedoch
im allgemeinen, wie bei der echten verrucosa, gruppenweise vereinigt.
Trichia decipiens (Pers.) Macbr.
Masatierra: Quebrada de la Damajuana, ungef. 500 m ii. M. (29. Jan.
1917). — Nur ein paar kleine Sporangiumbruchstiicke, dank dem charakterist-
ischen Bau des Kapillitiums und der Sporen allerdings gut erkennbar.
Trichia Botrytis Pers.
Masatierra: Valle Colonial, Pico Central 350 m ii. M. (18. Jan. 1917).
Die Exemplare gehéren der var. /ateritia (Lév.) List. an, die zuerst aus
Chile — als Art — beschrieben worden ist. Nach LisTER (Monogr. ed. IL.
4* — 20206. The Nat, Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
58 ROB. E. FRIES
S. 218) haben diese Exemplare »nearly black sporangia». Das Material von
Juan Fernandez hat auch schwarze Sporangien, die einzeln sitzen und von langen,
helleren Stielen getragen werden. Das Kapillitium ist typisch.
Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rost.
Masatierra; im Wald auf dem Gebirgsriicken zwischen den Piedra agu-
jeriada und Laura-Talern, ca. 500 m ii. M. (4. Apr. 1917). —- Wohl entwickelte,
typische Exemplare mit gestielten Sporangien; das Kapillitium mit wenigen
Verzweigungen. Von JOHOW ist diese Art sowohl fiir Masatierra als fir Masa-
fuera angegeben worden.
Arcyria denudata (L.) Macbr.
Masatierra; Plazoleta del Yunque (28. Dez. 1916); Valle Colonial, Pico
Central, ca. 350 m wu. M. (18. Jan. 1917); Quebrada del Juanango (3 Apr. 1917).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (11. Febr. 1917).
Arcyria insignis Kalchbr. & Cooke.
Masatierra: Quebrada de la Damajuana (30. Dez. 1917).
, 54. 4 a
ao, haw: § 4 a
2 plete
“a :
THE NATURAL HISTORY
OF JUAN FERNANDEZ
A.
Bee
AND EASTER ISLAND
BDITED BY DR. CARL SKOTTSBERG a
~ o
#2
oF a Se et
yr
ay >
VOL; TI
. BOTANY
PART: bi
4. THORE C. E. FRIES: Die Gasteromyceten der Juan Fernandez-
und Osterinseln.
Wee CARL SKOTTSBERG: The Phanerogams of Easter Island.
6. K. MUNSTER STROM: Freshwater Alge from Juan Fernandez
and Hastie Tend: s
7. CARL SKOTTSBERG: The Phanerogams of the Juan Fernandez Bs
Islands. ; oe
‘ine UPPSALA ne 2:2
ss ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERL-A--B.
4. Die Gasteromyceten der Juan Fernandez- und
Osterinseln.
Von
THOKE. CE; FRIES,
Dr. C. SKOTTSBERG hatte die Giite, mir das von ihm wahrend seiner
Reise 1916—1917 gesammelte Gasteromycetenmaterial zur Bestimmung zu iiber-
geben. Die Sammlung ist unbedeutend und enthalt nur drei Arten. Doch
sind samtliche neu fiir die in Frage kommenden Inseln.
Vorher hat JoHOW (Flora de las Islas de Juan Fernandez (1896) p. 188)
zwei Gasteromycetenarten von Juan Fernandez angegeben. Mit Riicksicht dar-
auf, dass die Kenntnis der Gasteromycetenflora sowohl auf Juan Fernandez
als auf der Osterinsel noch immer als sehr mangelhaft angesehen werden
muss, bietet die fragliche Pilzgruppe wenig pflanzengeographisches Interesse.
Samtliche nach Art bestimmbare Kollektionen gehdren doch bekannten Arten
aus Australien und Amerika an. — Es diirfte deshalb mit grosser Wahrschein-
lichkeit angenommen werden k6nnen, dass die Gasteromycetenflora der Juan
Fernandez- und Osterinseln eine grossere Anzahl endemischer Arten nicht auf-
zuweisen haben.
Tleodictyon gracile Berk.
Von JOHOW angegeben aus Masatierra. Mit Riicksicht auf die ziemlich
schwebende Artbegrenzung innerhalb der Genus //eodictyon diirfte [. cebarium
Tul. als mehr Kollektiv vorzuziehen sein. — Ausbreitung: Australien, Neu-
seeland, Siidamerika und Siidafrika.
Calvatia sp.
JOoHOW nimmt in seine Liste ein Lycoperdon sp. (an nova?) aus Masa-
tierra und S:ta Clara auf. Aus der Beschreibung geht mit voller Deutlich-
keit hervor, dass eine Art von der Gattung Ca/vatia (Fr.) Morg. gemeint wird.
Ohne Zuginglichkeit des JoHow’schen Materiales ist indessen eine Artbestim-
- mung unmoglich.
4** — 20100. The nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and East. Isl. Vol. II.
60 THORE ¢. E. FRIES
Lycoperdon (?) sp.
Ein einziges unreifes Exemplar. Artbestimmung unmoglich; ist indessen
nicht identisch mit JoHOW’s Lycoperdon sp. (an novar). — Masafuera: Los
Inocentes, ca. 1100 m u. M. °/s 1917. C. SKOTTSBERG.
Bovistella pusilla Lloyd (in Myc. Not. N:o 34. 1910).
Drei gute Exemplare. — Osterinsel: Cerro Katiki *°/6 1917. C. SKOTTS-
BERG. Ausbreitung: Australien.
Geaster Ohiensis (Cooke) Lloyd. (Syn. Cycloderma Ofiensis Cooke und
Geaster velutinus Morg.).
Zwei ungedffnete Exemplare. — Masatiera: Siidabhang des Yunque 7*/4
1917. C. SKOTTSBERG. — Ausbreitung: Nordamerika, Samoa-Inseln.
3. The Phanerogams of Easter Island.
By
CARL SKOTTSBERG.
With Plates 6—9 and 2 text-figures.
In no. 2 of this volume I have published, together with Dr. CHRISTENSEN,
a list of the ferns reported from Easter Island. While reading the proofs I
received from Professor B. L. ROBINSON of Harvard University, Cambridge,
Mass., a complete set of the collection made by AGAssIz and his comrades
during the Albatross Expedition (1904). It was then impossible to take into
due consideration the ferns contained in this collection. It does not extend
our knowledge of the fern flora; still I find it better to enumerate the species
found by AGASSIZ with the remarks written on his labels as an appendix to
this paper, especially as his collection was made before that of FUENTES.
The latest and most complete enumeration of the flowering plants is to
be found in FUENTES’ »Resefia botanica sobre la Isla de Pascua» (Inst. Centr.
Meteor. y Geofis. de Chile no. 4, 1913 and Bol. Mus. Nac. de Chile V: 2,
1913). The earliest collection seems to have been made by G. FORSTER du-
ring COOK’s second voyage: most of the plants found by FORSTER were
enumerated in his »Florulae insularum australium prodromus», Gottingen 1786.
Some species mentioned by FORSTER in his narrative (A voyage round the
world, London 1771 vol. 1) do not figure in the Prodromus, as for example
such an important plant as Sophora (the Mimosa of FORSTER). A. v. CHAMISSO,
during the voyage of KOTZEBUE (see »Reise um die Welt, 4. Aufl., Berlin
1856) also collected plants on Easter Island, and has been quoted as collector
in a few cases. In 1836, S. ENDLICHER included all statements related to
Easter Island plants in his »Bemerkungen tiber die Flora der Siidseeinseln
(Ann. des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte I). HEMSLEY’s list in »Report
on the present state of knowledge of various Insular Floras» (Report Chall-
enger, Bot. I p. 15, 1885) is based on ENDLICHER, but Sophora tetrapitera and
Sesuvium portulacastrum are added.
FUENTES confined himself to an enumeration of what he had collected
on the island in 1911; his list contains 40 indigenous or naturalized species.
Many of these had been found by the Albatross expedition seven years earlier,
4*** — 29100. The nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and East. Isl. Vol. II.
62 CARL SKOTTSBERG
together with several species not found by FUENTES. On the request of Pro-
fessor ROBINSON I have determined the »Albatross» collection. All the deter-
minations, together with the notes on the labels’, as well as all previous re-
cords known to me, are included in my list.
Finally, it should not be forgotten that the cultivated plants were treated
by FUENTES (I. c.) and lately by W. KNOCHE in »Ueber die Kulturpflanzen
der Osterinsel» (Zeitschr. des Deutsch. wiss. Ver. zur Kultur- und Landeskunde
Argentiniens, Buenos Aires 1919). In some cases we cannot tell whether a
plant used by the natives as a food plant or for other practical purpose was
a member of the flora when the first settlers arrived or if it was introduced by
the natives on that occasion or later (but in any case before the discovery ot
the island in 1722). When I made my remarks on the cultivated plants (Notes
on a visit to Easter Island, Vol. I of this work), the news of KNOCHE’s paper
had not yet reached this country. According to him, the sweet potato existed
in Easter Island already before the visit of ROGGEVEEN, the discoverer; for
BEHRENS, who accompanied ROGGEVEEN, enumerates »Bataten, die wie Brot
schmeckten». ROGGEVEEN himself did not mention this plant, unless it was
included under »aardgewasch». However, as BEHRENS expressly states that
sweet potatoes were plentiful, they must have existed long before the Europ-
eans landed on the island.
In the determination of my plants I was assisted by Prof. Dr. R. PILGER
(Gramineae), Superintendent Dr. G. KUKENTHAL (Cyperaceae, see FEDDE’s
Repertorium XVI, 1920), Mr. J. HUTCHINSSON (Sisyrinchium, Polycarpon), Mr.
O. E. SCHULZ (a Nasturtium) and Prof. Dr. G. BITTER (a Solanum). I hereby
cordially thank them for their kind assistance. My thanks are also due to Dr.
O. STapF and other members of the staff at the Kew Herbarium for great
help in various matters during my visit to that establishment.
An* before a latin name signifies that the species has not been recorded
before.
The specimens collected by the Albatross Expedition are quoted thus:
Albatross no. —-! All other numbers refer to the collection made by the
writer and Mrs. SKOTTSBERG. The zoologist, Mr. BACKSTROM, brought me a
few plants from Motu Nui, the small rock near the southwestern promontory
of Easter Island. A map, showing the localities mentioned below, was pub-
lished in Vol. I, No. 1.
1 »Rana Koa» and »Rana Roka» on the labels have been corrected to Rano Kao and R.
Raraku.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 03
Catalogue of Easter Island Phanerogams.
1. Species undoubtedly or probably indigenous.
Gramineae.
Paspalum L.
*7, P. Forsterianum Fliigge. — Plate 6, fig. 1.
Albatross no. 7! Hanga Ho Orno, near the sea (no. 641); rocky beach
forth of Hanga Piko (no. 665); Islet Motu Nui.
Dr. PILGER remarks: »Mir lag ein ziemlich unvollkommenes Exemplar aus
dem Hb. SPRENGEL vor (Nova Caledonia: FORSTER): die unteren Halmteile
fehlen an dem Exemplar. Doch erscheint die Zugehorigkeit der Exemplare
von der Oster-Insel zur selben Art sicher.»
Area of distribution: New Caledonia, Easter Island.
2. P. scrobiculatum L. var. ordiculare (Forst.) Domin.
FORSTER; FUENTES. — Between Hanga Ho Orno and Puhi; not uncom-
mon round Mataveri; Rano Kao (no. 694).
Area of distribution: Austral., N. Caled., N. Guinea, Polyn.
Axonopus Beauv.
3. A. paschalis Pilger nov. spec. — Syn. P. scoparmum Fluigge var.
nov. oligostachyum WHACK. ex FUENTES, |. c., P. paschale Stapf, nomen, ibid.
— Plate 6, fig. 2.
Culmus erectus, vaginatus, apice breviter cum panicula exsertus, vel usque
ad basin paniculae vaginis vestitus, vaginis ad basin culmi distiche sese tegenti-
bus compressis, vagina suprema sub panicula elongata, ad 20 cm longa; culmus
cum panicula 30—50 cm altus, e vagina suprema nonnumquam florifero-ramosus,
nodis dense albido-pilosus, innovationes extravaginales erectae; foliorum lamina
linearis, secus medianum plicata vel demum subplana, apice ipso brevissime
contracta et acuta, apicem versus scaberula, ceterum + hirsuto-pubescens vel
fere glabrescens, basi longe hirsuta, ligula margo brevissimus ciliolulatus; pani-
cula spicis paucis erectis composita, rhachis communis brevis; spicae ad g—10
cm longae strictae, rhachis angulata, triquetra, marginibus scaberula; spiculae
singulae, biseriatae, ovales, apice parum attenuatae, compressae, 3 mm longae,
gluma infera et gluma florifera anticae; gluma vacua infera dorso applanata,
marginibus inflexa, membranacea, ovata, subobtusa, nervus medianus nullus,
laterales + conspicui utroque latere 3—4; gluma supera ovata, magis angus
tata, dorso haud applanata, medianus tenuis, nervi laterales utroque latere 2—3;
glumae dorso ad nervos pubescentes; gluma florifera indurata straminea, elumis
64 CARL SKOTISBERG
vacuis paulo brevior, extus visa ovalis, expansa rotundato-elliptica, apice minute
puberula.
Apparently widely dispersed over the island. — FUENTES; »common
throughout the island», summit of Rano Kao (Albatross no. 49!); Mt. Katiki,
in the crater, 412 m (no. 1191); Hanga Ho Orno (no. 644); between Mataveri
and Rano Raraku; slopes of Rano Kao, scarce; crater lake of Rano Kao, on
the moss peat, 110 m (no. 1189).
Dr. PILGER remarks: »Die Gattung Axonxopus ist hier im Sinne der ameri-
kanischen Agrostologen gefasst, mit 4. compressus (Sw.) Beauv. (Paspalum
platycaulon Poir.) als typische Art (vergl. iiber die Gattung A. CHASE, Notes
on Genera of Panicum IV, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington XXIV (1911) 129 ff.).
Die Art ist wohl dieselbe, die in der Arbeit von FUENTES als Paspalum sco-
parium Fligge var. oligostachyum Hack. oder P. paschale Stapf nov. spec. ohne
Beschreibung aufgefiihrt wird. Eine Beschreibung ist mir nicht bekannt ge-
worden. Axonopus paschalis ist mit Paspalum scoparium, welche Art auch zu
Axonopus zu stellen ist, verwandt, aber gut unterschieden, neben anderen Merk-
malen schon durch den Bliitenstand.»
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Stipa L.
*4. S. horridula Pilger nov. spec. — Plate 6, fig. 3; text fig. 1a.
Perennis caespitosa, innovationibus intravaginalibus dense aggregatis; folio-
rum innovationum lamina stricta, angustissima, filiformis, subtereti-convoluta,
brevissime hirto-scabra, ad 30 cm longa, ligula brevis bilabiata, vagina brevis
striata, margine superne breviter ciliolata, ad 4—6 cm longa; culmus caespitem
innovationum valde superans, erectus, cum panicula 80—go cm altus, 3—4-nodus,
vaginatus, vaginis internodia parum longitudine superantibus, nodis glabris, la-
mina foliorum culmi ad 2 cm longa; internodium supremum elongatum, panicula
basi vagina circumdata; panicula 30—40 cm longa angusta laxiflora, rami a
basi pluries divisi, ramuli igitur ad nodos subfasciculati breves erecti, infimi ad
7 cm longi, internodia inferiora paniculae 3—5 cm longa; spiculae angustae;
glumae vacuae tenues angustae nitidulae, longe tenuiter angustatae acutissimae,
subaequales, 13—14 mm longae, scaberulae; gluma florifera angusta, 4 mm
longa, callo elongato acutissimo, albido- vel flavidulo-hirsuto, circ. 2 mm longo
instructa, satis parce albido-hirsuta, coronula nulla, arista tenuis 5—6,5 mm
longa, parte infra geniculum parum torta circ. I cm tantum longa, parce hir-
tula, parte supra geniculum scaberula.
Mt Katiki, stray patches on the western slope (no. 660).
Dr. PILGER remarks: »Die neue Art gehdrt zur Gruppe der Stipen mit
unbefiederter Granne und fehlendem Krénchen, die Granne ist gegen die Deck-
spelze nur einfach abgegliedert. Verwandte Arten kommen sowohl in Siid-
amerika wie in Australien vor (etwa S. scabra Lindl., etc.). Ein naherer geo-
graphischer Anschluss der schénen neuen Spezies ist somit nicht sicher an-
zugeben.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 65
Sporobolus R. Br.
5. S. indicus (L) R. Br.
One of the most important grasses, covering considerable areas. —
FUENTES. »Common throughout the island» (Albatross nos. g! 23!). Observed
in great quantities along the north coast and on Mt. Katiki (no. 639) up to the
top, 412 m (no. 1190); also common round Mataveri (no. 702) and along the
west coast as well as on Rano Kao and from here to Rano Raraku, which is
covered by this species (also Albatross no. 48)).
Area of distribution: S. Asia to Australia and Polynesia.
Agrostis L.
6. A. filiformis (Forst.) Spreng. Fl. Hal. Mant. Prima (1807) p. 32. —
ext fig: 1 b, c.
Dr. PILGER remarks on this species: »FORSTER beschrieb die Art zuerst
in Florul. Ins. Austr. Prodr. (1786) 9 als Avena filzformis (panicula erecta
tenuissima, calycibus unifloris, aristis calyce duplo longioribus. F. Nova Zee-
landia et insula Paschatis). SPRENGEL, der die Art zu Agrosts brachte, giebt
als Standort nur Insula Paschatis an. Die Art liegt in der Sammlung in zwei
Formen vor, die beide nicht genau dem Original von FORSTER entsprechen,
das mir aus dem Herb. SPRENGEL vorlag. Dieses hat eine ziemlich dichte
Rispe, die Hiillspelzen sind 3*/2 bis fast 4 mm lang, die Deckspelze ist fast 2
mm lang, ihre Behaarung ist sparlich, die Granne ist verhaltnismassig kraftig,
etwas gekniet, bis 6 mm lang; der Achsenfortsatz ist sehr kurz. Das Ex. no.
687, das der Originalform naher steht (Textfig. 1b) hat 4'/1—5 mm lange
Hiillspelzen; die Deckspelze ist 2*/2 mm lang, ziemlich reichlich weisslich be-
haart, 4-spitzig, die Granne ist 4'/2 mm lang; die lanzettlich-eiformige Vor-
spelze erreicht fast die Lange der Deckspelze, der Achsenfortsatz ist 1 mm lang,
lang behaart; Staubblatter 3 mit °/s mm langen Antheren; die Rispe ist sehr
locker, mit stark abspreizenden Asten. Die zweite Form entspricht mit ihren
kleineren Ahrchen der Form, die WILLDENOW als A. retrofracta beschrieben hat
(Textfig. 1c); die Hiillspelzen sind 2'/2 bis 3 mm lang, die Deckspelze 1’/2
mm, ihre Granne 3'/2 mm.
Agrostis filiformis ist unter vielerlei Namen beschrieben worden, die DOMIN
in Bibl. Bot. 85 (1915) 351—52 zusammengestellt (unter Deyeuxza filiformts).
Bei den neueren Autoren geht die Art gewohnlich unter Deyewxza (D. Forsteri
Kunth, BENTHAM, FL Austral. VII. 579; CHEESEMAN, Manual New Zeal. FI.
868; D. filiformis Petrie in CHILTON, Subant. Islands New Zeal. II (1909) 474;
DomIN |. c.). Trotz des deutlichen Achsenfortsatzes muss aber die Art zu
Agrostis gestellt werden, da sie sich-von Deyeuxia (welche Gattung mit Ca/a-
magrostis zu vereinigen ist) durch die kurze, breite, oben stark abgestutzte und
gezihnelte Deckspelze unterscheidet; die Callushaare am Grunde der Deckspelze
sind sehr kurz. Sie ist in Australien, auf Neu-Seeland und Tasmanien ver-
breitet und kommt auch auf Hawaii vor. A. filiformis variiert sehr stark inbe-
5 — 20100. The nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and East. Isl. Vol. II.
66 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Fig. 1. a Spikelet of Stipa horridula Pilger, X 21/2; 6 of Agrostis filiformis (Forst.) Spreng., X 10
and ¢ of A. vetrofracta Willd., * 10. d—h Danthonia paschalis Pilger, X 5; @ spikelet, e
flowering glume, back view; f flower, front view; g, 2 paleae, outer and inner surface. —
Drawn by C. SKOTTSBERG.
zug auf die Grosse der Ahrchen, Behaarung der Deckspelze, Lange der Granne
und des Achsenfortsatzes u. s. w.; CHEESEMAN besonders ftihrt von Neu-See-
land eine Anzahl von Varietaéten an, doch ist bisher keine befriedigende weitere
Gliederung der Art erreicht worden.»
The more typical form with the larger spikelets (Fig. 1 b) was found once
only, in the swamp of the crater lake of Rano Aroi, c. 400 m, rather abundant
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 67
(no. 687). A. retrofacta (fig. 1c) is in the Albatross collection: no. 26! 27!
»summit of Rano Kao, probably abundant»: no. 53! I found it in the small
crater of Mt. Katiki, 412 m (no. 661) and also in Rano Kao.
Area of distribution: Austral., Tasman., N. Zeal., Hawaii, Easter I.
A. retrofracta was described from Australia.
In ENDLICHER 1. c. p. 158 Deyeuxia Chamissonis (Trin.) Kunth is quoted
from Easter Island. To judge from the description in Enum. plant. I p. 242
this must be another form of A. fi//formzs, with a shorter awn. Further, END-
LICHER lists Arundo conspicua Forst. = Agrostis conspicua (Forst.) Roem. et
Schult. from New Zealand and Easter Island, leg. FORSTER. The latter locality
must be a mistake, FORSTER does not mention Easter Island, where the species
in question does not occur. It is endemic in New Zealand and a very con-
spicuous grass.
Dichelachne Endl.
7, D. sciurea (R. Br.) Hook. fil. — Syn. D. crintta and D. scturea var.
nova monandra Hack., FUENTES 1. c.
Not uncommon. — »Common throughout island, scattered tussocks, 6—7,5
dm» (Albatross nos. 4! 28!); top of Rano Kao (Albatross no. 46], f. ad D. cri-
nitam); Mt. Katiki, on the slopes (no. 659, f. ad D. crinitam) and edge of
crater, 412 m (no. 1187); Hanga Ho Orno, scattered; Rano Aroi, stony ground
in the crater, c. 400 m (no. 688).
Dr. PILGER remarks to this species: »Die langbegrannte Form (no. 659)
steht der D. crinita (L.) Hook. fil. sehr nahe; die Hiillspelzen sind fein und
lang gespitzt und fast gleich, die Granne ist tief auf dem Ricken der Deck-
spelze eingefiigt, wahrend bei der typischen D. sczwrea die Hillspelzen kurzer
gespitzt sind und das freie Ende der Deckspelze nur kurz ist (nos. 688, 1187).
Auch CHEESEMAN (Manual New Zeal. Fl. (1906) 874) erwahnt bei D. crinita
eine Uebergangsform zu D. sciurea, die var. intermedia Hack. Die Blite hat
nur ein Staubblatt, wie es auch schon R. BROWN fir seine Agrostis sciurea
und A. rara angiebt (Prodr. 171). DOMIN setzt fiir D. scewrea den Namen D.
micrantha (Cav.) Domin wegen St#pa micrantha Cav. Icon. V (1799) 42 t. 467.
Wie schon BENTHAM in FI. Austral. VII. 566 hervorhebt, ist die dem schlechten
Habitusbild beigegebene Figur B. ganzlich mit Dzchelachne unvereinbar; auch
die Beschreibung stimmt nicht fiir diese Gattung.»
Area of distribution: Austral., N. Zeal., Easter I.
Danthonia DC.
#8. D. paschalis Pilger nov. spec. — Text fig. 1 d—h.
Dense caespitosa, innovationibus permultis extravaginalibus, basi squamis
rigidis instructis, + erectis et aggregatis, rarius parte inferiore decumbentibus,
brevibus, internodis perbrevibus, vaginis magna pro parte sese tegentibus, folio-
68 CARL SKOTISBERG
rum lamina angustissima, filiformi-involuta, sulcato-striata, parum vel vix hir-
sutulo-inspersa, ad 7—8 cm longa, vagina dense sulcato-striata, ore albido-pilosa;
culmi graciles tenues caespitem valde superantes ad 35 cm alti, erecti vel
parum geniculati, laeves, nodi glabri; inflorescentia e vagina suprema longe
exserta, vagina suprema 3—5 cm longa, lamina ad 3 cm longa; internodium
sequens ad 10 cm longum, vagina pluries brevior; inflorescentia depauperata
3—7 cm longa simpliciter racemosa, spiculis paucis breviter pedicellatis com-
posita, vel ad basin inflorescentiae ramulus bispiculatus; spiculae ad 6-florae
(flore supremo parum evoluto), glumis vacuis circumdatae; glumae vacuae lan-
ceolatae, apice acutiusculae vel obtusiusculae, g—10 mm longae, inferior superi-
orem basi amplectens, parum vel vix longior, glumae medio tantum nervosae,
margo latus enervius, nervi 5, in inferiore et 7, virides, prominentes, approxi-
mati; gluma florifera expansa elliptica, cum callo (internodio rhachillae) albido-
barbato, I—I,5 mm longo decidua, sine lobis lateralibus 4 mm longa, lobi
laterales lanceolati, sensim sat aequaliter angustati et aristiformi producti, arista
inter lobos 3 mm _ supra basin glumae orta, pars inferior brunnea, 2—3 mm
longa, cum lobis lateralibus + connata et vix vel non torta, pars superior ad
6—7 mm longa, obscure viridis; nervi laterales utroque latere 3, virides, pro-
minentes, in lobos laterales excurrentes, gluma basi longe albido-pilosa, praeterea
ad marginem utroque latere fasciculo pilorum albidorum insertionem aristae
parum superantium instructa; palea brevis, ovalis, apice truncata et leviter bilo-
bata, 2,;—3 mm longa, nervi marginales; caryopsis ambitu ovalis, crassa, com-
pressa, latere hili applanata ad parum concava, 2 mm longa.
Only seen once, very scarce on the slope of Mt. Katiki near the summit
(no. 658). There is more material in the Albatross collection; the label runs:
»summit of Rano Kao»; »common throughout the island» (no. 51!). I do not
think the latter statement is quite correct: even if the season was rather un-
favorable during our visit, this grass is too conspicuous to be overlooked, and
it was not observed by FUENTES.
Dr. PILGER remarks on the affinity: »Die neue Art ist verwandt mit der
chilenischen D. chilens?s WDesv., aber doch durch charakteristische Merkmale
unterschieden: bei DL. chzlensts ist die Vorspelze verhaltnismassig langer und
nach der Spitze zu verschmilert, die Seitenlappen der Deckspelze sind nach
aussen zu breiter, fast gefliigelt, die Nerven treten nur schwach hervor und die
Rander der Deckspelze sind gleichmassig behaart, wahrend bei der neuen Art
2 Haarbiischel hervortreten, die mit ihren Spitzen etwas uber die Einsatzstelle
der Granne hervorragen.»
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Eragrostis Host.
9. E. elongata Jacq. — Syn. &. diandra Steud., FUENTES |. c.
Albatross nos. 8! 24! Slope of Mt. Katiki; round Hanga Ho Orno, on
lava fields (no. 645); between the north coast and Puhi, frequent on small red
tufa hillocks.
Area of distribution: East India, Polynesia. y
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 69
(Lepturus repens R. Br. (Australia, Polynesia) is listed by ENDLICHER I. c.
(»teste Trin.»). TRINIUS must have based his statement on material collected
by CHAMISSO, whose specimens probably belong to one of the Petersburg her-
baria. Nobody has seen the plant later and the statement cannot be verified )
Cyperaceae.
Cyperus L.
10. C. vegetus Willd.
Moist places, edges of crater lakes, etc, — FUENTES. »Enclosure for
banana tree (Albatross no. 11!) Mt. Vaintu Rova, humid cave; Rano Aroi,
vigorous plants in the crater; crater of Rano Kao (no. 1170); »scattered patches
about edge of marsh, also in wet places about the island», (Albatross no. 54!);
west slope of Rano Kao; Rano Raraku (Albatross nos. 31! 32!).
Area of distribution: Temp. S. Amer., Juan Fernandez, Easter I.
*11. C. polystachyus Rottb.
Rano Aroi, in the crater, c. 400 m, one specimen seen (no. 686).
Area of distribution: Subcosmop. trop.-subtrop.
12. C. cyperoides (L.) Kiikenth. — Syn. C. (Mariscus) Szederzanus Kth..,
FUENTES Il. c.
N. slope of Rano Kao, scattered (no. 675); between Matave1i and the
lepra colony, common in wet patches.
Area of distribution: Widely dispersed trop.-subtrop.
Kyllinga Rottb.
13. K. brevifolia Rottb.
Scattered over the island, more frequent on higher ground. — FUENTES.
Mt. Katiki, quite common, copious in the crater, 412 m; Hanga Ho Orno, in
crevices between lava boulders (no. 643); »common on plains» (Albatross no.
10!); Rano Aroi, frequent along the pond, c. 400 m; Rano Kao, common (also
Albatross no. 52! »abundant throughout the island»); between Mataveri and
Rano Raraku; Rano Raraku (Albatross no. 34!).
Area of distribution: Widely dispersed within the tropics.
Scirpus L.
14. S. riparius Pres] var. paschalis Kiikenth. |. c. — Plate 7.
»Culmus 3—4 metralis subteres ad 2 cm crassus, basi vaginis haud reti-
culatim fissis obtectus. Anthela decomposita ampla spiculis innumerosis ornata».
»S. esp. gigantesca»; »en los crdteres» (FUENTES!); Rano Aroi, smaller;
70 CARL SKOTISBERG
Rano Kao, forming an extensive association along the edge of the lake (no.
676; »common rush of the marsh growing 2,5 m high», Albatross no. 55!);
Rano Raraku; few, small -stands (also Albatross no. 33!).
The variety differs from the ordinary form mainly in its greater size and
more compound panicle. The largest plants grow in Rano Kao. The plant
from Rano Aroi was called S. r7pfartus by FUENTES, who regarded the large
form’ from Rano Kao, which he collected sterile, as another species. The
smaller rush was seen by us in a small stream with almost stagnant water,
flowing from Rano Aroi, but was not collected, as we intended to return to
the same place; from this we were prevented by the sudden departure of the
vessel. I do not think that more than one species grows in the island: if
FUENTES 5S. rzparius is of the same size and habit as the ordinary plant, var.
paschalis may be a local form of the sheltered crater lakes, best developed
in the deepest crater, that of Rano Kao. KUKENTHAL does not indicate any
characters in the spikelets or flowers to distinguish it from the type.
Area of distribution: Calif. and Texas to Fuegia and Falkl., Hawaii,
Easter I.
Juncaceae.
Juncus L.
Soe —j- plebcius ke -Br
Western edge of Rano Kao (no. 680), c. 300 m. — New for Easter Island.
The specimens are typical. According to BUCHENAU in Pflanzenreich,
Junc. p. 115, the flowers probably always are cleistogamous. This is also the
case with the majority of the flowers in my material; they have three stamens
with anthers coherent with the very small stigmas. Only in very few cases
normal open flowers were seen, with six fully developed stamens and long
stigmas.
Area of distribution: Austral., Tasman., N. Zeal., Easter I.
Polygonaceae.
Polygonum L.
16. P. acuminatum H. B. K. — Plate 8, fig. 1.
Common in the three large craters. — »Comun en los 3 crateres» (FUEN-
TES!); Rano Aroi, few and small patches; Rano Kao, abundant along the lake
(no. 679; »very abundant in marsh», Albatross no. 56!); Rano Raraku (also
Albatross nos. 35! 36!, specimens with narrower leaves).
FUENTES remarks |. c.: »Aunque difiere un poco de la forma tipica sud-
americana, respeto la opinion de los eminentes botanicos doctores ENGLER 1
STAPF sobre su identificacion.»
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 71
I have compared my specimens with the rich material of this highly poly-
morphic species in Kew; they differ a little from most other plants in the shorter
internodes, often completely covered by the vaginae, whose marginal bristles
or setae are very long; the nut seems to be a trifle larger than in most other
specimens. Still, plants from Uruguay, collected by E. GiBERT, are very like
the insular ones.
On the whole, my specimens agree with « Huméoldtiz Meisn. F]. Brasil.
V: I p. 14, tab. 4 fig. I: only, the leaves are more acuminate and the setae
of the ochrea considerably longer. To judge from the description, 4 set#igerum
Meisn. |. c. p. 15 (P. setigerum Wedd.) must be very similar. The anthers are
described as included in « and exserted in 4, but this is of little consequence,
as the species, to judge from my specimens, is heterostylous.
Area of distribution: S. Amer., Columb.-Uruguay (not in Chile). S.
Afr. (an aberrant form?). — FUENTES remarks: »Ameér. trop. S. de Australia»,
but Australia must be a misprint for Africa.
Chenopodiaceae.
Chenopodium L.
17. Ch. ambiguum R. Br. — Ch. glaucum, FORSTER |. c.; var. paschale
FUENTES |. c. Comp. J. MurRR in Allg. bot. Zeitschr. 12 (1906) p. III.
On the sea shore. Hanga Ho Orno (no. 662); rocky beach near Hanga
Piko; Islet Motu Nui (no. 1194).
My specimens were compared with the material in Herb. Kew and Upsala.
Some authors regard Ch. ambiguum as identical with C. glaucum L., while
others retain it as a variety. I prefer to keep it as a species, mainly on ac-
count of its geographical distribution, but also because I have not seen inter-
mediate forms. FUENTES probably had but a scanty material of Ch. glaucum
for comparison, for he does not give any character serving to distinguish his
insular form from this. I do not understand what he means by »spiculas race-
mosas muy flojas», for all the specimens I have seen have short and more or
less dense inflorescence.
Area of distribution: Austral., Tasman., N. Zeal., Easter I.
Nyctaginiaceae.
Boerhaavia L.
*18. B. diffusa L. forma.
Tongariki, near the sea shore (no. €698)..— New for the island.
The Easter Island Boerhaavia is decumbent, nearly glabrous, with linear-
lanceolate or almost ovate leaves, obtuse and minutely apiculate, and whitish
below. The inflorescence is mostly a simple axillary umbel of 3—4 flowers, with
72 CARL SKOTTSBERG
=<
a peduncle shorter or longer than the supporting leaf, rarely a poorly devel-
oped panicle. It is probably the same form as understood by TRIMEN, FI.
Ceylon III p. 390, DRAKE DEL CASTILLO, Flore Polyn. Franc. p. 158, etc.
under B. diffusa. But according to CHorsy in DC, Prodr. XIII: 2 p. 452 this
has the leaves green on both sides, and my plants agree better with his de-
scription of B. repens L., but typical repens has only been reported from Africa.
HEIMERL in ENGLER & PRANTL, Nat. Pflzfam., regards 3. diffusa as a col-
lective species, of which B. repens is one of many forms. Typical B. dzffusa
is a large plant with a well developed panicle, but there are specimens in
herbaria recognized as diffusa but with single axillary umbels and also inter-
mediate forms. The leaves are sometimes conspicuously glaucous beneath.
The long peduncles in my form remove it from typical B. repens.
Area of distribution: Tropical Asia, Austral., Polyn., Afr.
Aizoaceae.
Tetragonia L.
*19. T. expansa Murr.
On the coast near Tongariki (no. 700). — First record for Easter Island.
Area of distribution: Japan, Austral., N. Zeal., Polyn., Juan Fern.,
extratrop. S. Amer.
(Sesuvium portulacastrum L. is reported, without any indication of the
source, for Easter Island by HEMSLEY ]. c. Mr. HUTCHINSON kindly informs me
that there is no specimen from this place in the Kew Herbarium, nor has it
been quoted by any other author. Its occurrence is, of course, quite possible,
but requires further evidence.)
Cruciferae.
Nasturtium Rk. Br.
*20. N. sarmentosum (Sol.) O. E. Schulz.
Mt. Vaintu Rova, moist floor of a small cave; scanty and sterile material
in winter state (no. 652). — New for Easter Island.
Area of distribution: Austral., Polynesia, Hawaii.
Leguminosae.
Caesalpinia L.
21. C. bondue (L.) Roxb.
»Encontré dos ejemplares en el centro de la isla»: FUENTES |. c. —
Crater of Rano Kao, rare (no. 696).
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 73
It is of course not at all certain, that this belongs to the original flora
of the island, the more as the tradition, also quoted by FUENTES, tells that it
was introduced by the first settlers, long before the discovery of the island by
the Dutch. However, its faculty for dispersal with the ocean currents is a well
known fact, so that nothing prevents us from believing that it reached Easter
Island without human aid. According to GUPPY, Observations of a naturalist
in the Pacific I, the seeds of inland stations have lost their buoyancy. FUEN-
TES states that C. donduc is on the verge of extinction in the island; I can
neither confirm nor deny this. It is not in cultivation -—— if it ever was —,
and no plants were found along the sea shore.
Guppy (Il. c. p. 185) gives a good summary of the two generally re-
cognized species C. donduc and bonducella; he has found intermediate forms and
comes to the conclusion that all may belong to one complex taxonomic unity.
The Easter Island plant is no »typical» donduc. In the size of its flowers it
agrees with this and it has no trace of stipules. But the leaflets are not un-
equal at the base, as has been stated for C. donduc (comp. GRISEBRACH, Flora
Brit. W. Ind. Isl. p. 204), but equal as in donducella. According to HELLER,
Plants of the Hawaiian Islands (Minn. Bot. Stud. 1897, p 831), C. bonduc is
glabrous and has broader, blunt leaflets, while C. donducella is pubescent, with
comparatively narrow and acute leaflets. The leaflets in my plant answer
better to HELLER’s C. donduc, but they are clearly pubescent. Bracts are
totally absent, even with the young buds. The colour of the seed is greyish
as in donducella, not yellowish as in donduc, but GUPPY shows that this char-
acter is not a reliable one, and TRIMEN, Fl. Ceylon II p. 98 calls the seeds
of C. donduc greyish green, which answers well to the observations of the pre-
sent writer.
Area of distribution: Trop. Asia, Austral., Polyn.
Sophora L.
22. S. (Edwardsia) toromiro (R. A. Phil.) Skottsb. — Edzwardsia toro-
mivo R. A. Philippi, Bot. Zeit. 1873 p. 737; S. tetraptera auctt. non J. Mill. nec
Ait. — Plate 9; Text fig. 2 a—c.
Crater of Rano Kao, very rare on the steep slope, only one small tree
seen by us, growing between large boulders (no. 688; also reported from this
locality by FUENTES |. c.).
Edwardsia toromiro of PHILIPPI is hardly more than a name, as no de-
scription ever appeared; it was characterized by PHILIPPI as possessing a wood
different from that of the Chilean species, which generally goes under the name
S. tetraptera. FUENTES did not consider the Easter Island plant to be a separate
species. A description follows.
Arbor pumila (specimen unicum ab auctore visum 190 cm altum), tor-
-tuosa; cortex junior saltem rufo-brunneus, longitudinaliter sulcatus. Folia ver-
sus apices ramulorum conferta, plerumque 40—55 mm _ longa, 8—o- (rarius
ad 12-) paria, rhachide tenui dense albosericea; foliola brevissime stipitata,
stipite albo-sericeo, ovato-elliptica (sed foliolum terminale plerumque subobo-
Tee CARL SKOTTSBERG
vatum), basi cuneato-rotundata, apice truncata et minutissime emarginata, peni-
cillo brevi albo ornata, textura tenui, supra laete viridia, parce pilosa,
subtus glaucescentia, pilis albis praecipue secus medianum densius_ vestita.
Legumen longe pedicellatum, ad 10 cm longum, ad 7-locellatum, pro sectione
typicum quadrialatum alis angustis circ. I,5 mm altis transverse striatis, parie-
tibus sat tenuibus, dilute bruaneis. Semina sat parva, 4,2—5 mm longa et
3,5—4 mm lata, ovoideo-globosa, basi et interdum apice apiculata, fulva, um-
bilico obscuro notata.
As far as I can understand, this ta a very good species. It differs in
several respects from both Chilean and New Zealand specimens of .S. ¢etra-
ptera. Yhe pubescence is whitish even in the youngest parts, the leaflets are
O¢
Ys
OO
Q
00
Fig. 2 a—c Sophora toromiro (R. A. Phil) Skottsb. @ leaf, nat. size; 6 leaflet, lower surface,
X 2; ¢ four seeds, nat. size; d Lycium sandvicense A. Gray, flower. x 5. — Drawn by G.
SKOTTSBERG.
of a yellowish or otherwise bright green colour above, and very thin, papy-
raceous; they are also less numerous to the midrib. Finally the seeds are
smaller, more globose and yellow. All the forms from Juan Fernandez have
quite unwinged pods and larger, oblong-obtuse seeds of a dark castaneous
colour, very different from those of the Easter Island species, which is one of
the more interesting endemic plants.
S. toromiro will probably soon be extinct. Already at the time of COOK
and FORSTER this tree, called A/zmosa by the latter (Voyage I p. 568) was
scarce, though he observed small shrubberies in some places (I. c. 578, 592).
Concerning the supposed forests, see my paper in Vol. I (No. 1) of this work.
Although, to judge from the famous wood-carvings of the islanders, the stem
formerly attained a thickness of a couple of dm at least, only small stunted
specimens were left in 1870 (see PHILIPPI, |. c. p. 744). FUENTES calls the
tree »muy escasa», and I have not the slightest doubt that the interesting
toromiro is on the verge of extinction, which means the disappearance of a
species, important from geographical as well as from ethnological point of view.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 75
Euphorbiaceae.
Euphorbia L.
OAs otave ALEY ta, Le!
Slope of Mt. Katiki (no. 653). »Abundant, rocky places, near La Pérouse
Bay (= Hanga Ho Orno), Albatross no, 16!
Area of distribution: Trop. Amer., Polyn., etc.; trop. subcosmop. A
common tropical weed, perhaps not truly indigenous in Easter I.
24. E. serpens H. B. K. — E£. ovalifolia Engelm., FUENTES |. c.
Common on rocky and stony ground all over the island, near the sea
(no. 1196) or inland (no. 638). »On rocks and barren places, abundant» (Alba-
tross nos. 14! 15)).
Area of distribution: Trop. America, Polyn., also reported from the
Indo-Malayan region. A widespread weed, possibly not indigenous in Easter I.
Umbelliferae.
Apium L.
25. A. prostratum Labill. — Syn. A. graveolens L., FORSTER, De
Plantis esculentis insularum oceani australis commentatio botanica. Berlin
P7GG sp. ‘07,
Rocky beach and caves near Hanga Piko (no. 697). — My specimens
agree very well with A. australe Thouars, which, with the material at hand, I
cannot distinguish from A. prostratum: in fact, I believe they are identical.
Area of distribution: Magellan coasts, Falkl., Tristan d’Ac., Austral.,
N. Zeal, and outlying islands, Easter I.
Primulaceae.
Samolus L.
26. S. repens (Forst.) Pers.
On the sea shore:. FORSTER, FUENTES, — N. of Hanga Piko, not un-
common (no. 701); near Tongariki (no. 699).
Area of distribution: Coasts of temp. S. Amer., Austral., Tasman.,
N. Zeal., Easter I.
76 CARL SKOTISBERG
Gentianaceae.
Erythraea Borkh.
*o7, KE. australis R. Br.
»Abundant, rocky plains, La Pérouse Bay (i. e. Hanga Ho Orno); Alba-
tross Dec. 16 (no. 19!) — Had disappeared long before our visit, but seedlings,
apparently belonging to this species, were observed.
Area of distribution: Australia; Easter I.
Convolvulaceae.
Calystegia R. Br.
#28. G.-sepram (L.) Ri .Breforma:
In the crater of Rano Aroi, c. 400, among large boulders. — A rather
narrow-leaved form, probably belonging to this species; only sterile specimens.
Area of distribution: Widely dispersed in temperate regions, also in
Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, etc.
Ipomaea L.
29. I. pes caprae (L.) Roth.
Apparently rare. Near Vaihu (I. affinis pes caprae», FUENTES l. c.);
Hanga Ho Orno, stony beach on the water’s edge (no. 634).
Area of distribution: Widely dispersed on tropical shores.
Solanaceae.
Lycium L.
*20, L. sandvicense A. Gray. — Plate 8 fig. 2; text fig. 2d.
Rocky shore below the western slope of Rano Kao (no. 644). — Rather
an interesting discovery. The specimens are exactly like Hawaiian ones in
the Kew Herb., and also agree very well with the description in Proc. Amer.
Acad. VI (1863) p. 44. The leaves show numerous whitish pustules, irregular
vesicles in the mesophyll, filled with salt.
Area of distribution: Hawaii, Easter I.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 1h
2. Plants now occurring in a wild or semi-wild state but reported to
have been intentionally introduced by the first native immigrants.
There is a tradition that all the plants of economic importance were in-
troduced and brought into cultivation by the party of the chief Hotu Matua,
who was the first to reach Easter Island. Of the few plants mentioned below
this may be true, although proofs are wanting, but, on the other hand, it is
not altogether impossible that species such as Cordyline terminalis, Triumfetta
semitriloba or Thespesia populnea belonged to the original flora, and that the
immigrants were acquainted with their useful qualities and started to propagate
them. KNOCHE (lI. c. p. 10) regards all the plants used for industrial or
medicinal purposes as only naturalized and not wild, but when he includes
Sophora toromiro among these he is wrong, for we have seen that it is an
endemic species, and its nearest relatives, the Chilean and New Zealand
species of this genus, do not belong to the widely dispersed oceanic plants,
but have a very restricted geographical range; nor have they ever been in
cultivation as far as I am aware. It is of course not quite impossible that
the islanders, seeing that the precious ‘ovomzro was rapidly vanishing, tried to
propagate it, but there is no reliable evidence that they did so.
Liliaceae.
Cordyline Comm.
C. terminalis Kunth.
In the crater of Rano Kao, oa the south side between large stones, c.
125 m, scarce (no. 693); see also FUENTES 1. c.
Area of distribution: Indo-Mal. region, N. Guinea, Austral., Polyn., N.
Zeal., formerly cultivated by the Maoris.
Moraceae.
Broussonetia Vent.
B. papyrifera Vent.
»Crater of Rano Kao, abundant, but mature trees not numerous»: Alba-
tross no. 58! — We found a number of trees on the stony slope near the pond
(no. 670); they agree with the ordinary plant as represented in the Kew Herb.
F. foliis subtrilobis grosseserratis magis scabris: with the former (no.
1147). In the Kew Herb. there is the same or closely allied forms from Oahu
(SEEMAN, Macrak), Fiji (HERALD), Nagasaki (OLDHAM) and Siam. _Inter-
mediate forms occur also in Easter Island.
FUENTES calls the mahute »B. aff. papyracea Vent.» adding: »su clasi-
78 CARL SKOTTSBERG
ficacion es dudosa, difiere algo de la forma tipica», but this applies only to
the aberrant form mentioned above.
Area of distribution: S. E. Asia, Polynesia. DRAKE DEL CASTILLO
says |. c. p. 193 that Broussonetia is »sans doute originaire dans la Chine».
Tiliaceae.
Triumfetta L.
T. semitriloba L.
Rano Kao, with Broussonetia, rare (no. 671).
Listed by FUENTES with a query. His plants, which I have seen, as
well as mine, are sterile, but I think the determination is correct. This is the
jaujau of the islanders, used for making cordage; it was pointed out to us as
the true plant for this purpose and we obtained large pieces of string freshly
prepared.
Area of distribution: Trop. Asia, Polyn. and Amer.
Sapindaceae.
Sapindus L.
S. saponaria L.
FORSTER and FUENTES.
Malvaceae.
Thespesia Carr.
T. populnea (L.) Carr.
FORSTER, Prodr., reports Hibiscus bacctferus, which is considered to be
identical with Zhespesia populnea, from Easter Island. No later collector ever
observed it there, so it may have disappeared from the island.
Solanaceae.
Solanum L.
S. (Morella) insulae-paschalis Bitter nov. spec. (S. 2zgrum L. coll.).
»Herbaceum, maleolens; partes novellae non jam satis evolutae albide
subcanescentes; rami superiores diam. 3—4 mm, obtuse angulati, lineis decur-
rentibus manifeste prominentibus instructi, pilis simplicibus pluricellularibus (mem-
branis tenuibus in statu sicco +ve collabentibus) apice in glandulam minutam
subglobosam vel ellipsoideam vel rarius in cellulam diaphanam ceteris similem
subacutam exeuntibus patentibus sordide albidis 1 —1,5 mm longis densis ob-
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 79
tecti; internodia 2,;—8 cm longa; folia superiora partim false geminata, tunc
inaequalia; petioli 0}6—2 cm longi, ad laminas versus sensim latius alati, eodem
indumento denso quo rami vestiti; laminae oblique ovati-ellipticae vel ovatae,
infra medium latissimae, basi rotundatae vel + ve late cuneatim in petiolum
alatum abeuntes, ad apicem versus magis sensim angustatae, apice ipso obtusae
vel obtusiusculae, cr. 4,5: 2,5, 5,5: 3,7, 8: 4,5 cm, margine leviter et obtuse
repandi dentato, dentibus in utroque latere I—3 parum prominentibus obtusis,
plerumque infimis tantum unicis in utroque latere distinctioribus; laminae mem-
branaceae, utrinque sordide virides, utrinque pilis simplicibus pluricellularibus
inaequilongis (in venis majoribus utrinque longioribus densioribusque, in meso.
phyllo brevioribus sparsioribusque tamen hic quoque satis crebris) apice acutius-
culis partimque subglandulosis partim eglandulosis patentibus praeditae; vena
media, venae later. prim. in utroque latere 5—6 curvatim ascendentes et venae
later. secund. complures subtus prominentes; inflorescentiae laterales, a foliis
remotae, simplices, 4—5-florae; pedunculus cr. 8— (in statu fructifero) 17 mm
longus, rhachis brevis, 2— (tandem) 4 mm longa; flores ultimi dense subum-
bellatim secuti; pedicelli 6—7 mm longi, in statu florifero erecti, in statu
fructifero vix longiores, deflexi; calyx campanulatus, 2—2,5 mm longus, apice
3 mm diam., profunde in lobos ovati-ellipticos 1—1,5: 0,6 mm obtusiusculos
partitus, extus sicut pedunculus, rhachis et pedicelli pilis simplicibus pluricellu-
laribus apice subglandulosis vel eglandulosis crebris obsitus, intus glandulis
minutis breviter stipitatis crebris praeditus; corolla stellata, diam. 11 mm, pro-
funde in lobos 5 late lanceolatos vel ovati-lanceolatos 4—5: (basi) 2 mm acuti-
usculos extus et in margine pilis simplicibus brevibus paucicellularibus acutis
crebris obsitos intus praeter apicem subcucullatum pilis brevibus densiusculis
instructum glabros partita; stamina I—1,2 mm supra corollae basim inserta;
filamenta pro floris parvitate longiuscula, 1— (tandem) 1,8 mm longa,
intus pilis longiusculis simplicibus pluricellularibus apice acutis vel partim sub-
glandulosis densis obtecta; antherae breviusculae, late ellipsoideae, cr.
1,3: 0,8—1 mm, basi cordatae, apice emarginatae, poris introrsis apicalibus obli-
quis; ovarium subglobosum, 1 mm diam., glabrum; stylus stamina paulum
superans vel illis fere aequilongus, 3 mm longus, rectus, gracilis, paulo supra
basim glabram cr. %— } longitudinis pilis simplicibus pluricellularibus acutis
vel apice partim anguste subglandulosis patentibus densis obtectus, apice glaber;
stigma styli apice manifeste crassius, capitatum, obtusum; calyx fructifer paulum
auctus (explanatus diam. 7 mm), ejus lobi 2: (basi) 1,5 mm; bacca globosa,
diam. 7—8 mm, ut videtur pallide lutea; granula sclerotica desunt; semina
oblique reniformia, lenticulariter applanata, 1,5: I: 0,3 mm, minute reticulata.»
Hanga Ho Orno, in an old, dry well (no. 663); in the crater of Rano
Kao, c. 125 m (no. 695).
»Eine Kleinart aus der Verwandtschaft des S. xigrum L.., deren wichtigste
Merkmale auf der Behaarung (ungleich lange, einfache, mehrzellige Haare, die
zum grossen Teil in oft undeutliche schmale, seltener kugelige, winzige Dri-
senképfchen endigen, sowie auf den schliesslich ziemlich langen Staubfaden
und den kurzen Staubbeuteln beruhen. Der iible Geruch riihrt offenbar von
der driisigen Behaarung her.»
FORSTER tells that he found So/anum in the plantations (Voy. I p. 578);
80 CARL SKOTTSBERG
according to LANGLE, a member of LA PEROUSE'’s party, it was cultivated as a
medicinal herb (see KNOCHE |. c. p. 13). FUENTES lists »So/anum sp. (?)»
adding »solo conozco por referencias». I have no doubt that all these state-
ments refer to the species found by us and described above by Professor
BirterR. This well known expert on the genus So/anum has described a num-
ber of Morellae of S. xzgrum type, endemic in the southern seas; in a letter to
the writer he points out that »die meisten Morellen sind Menschenbegleiter
und durchgangig in der Nachbarschaft des Menschen ansassig».
3. Species unintentionally introduced with the human traffic after
the discovery by the Europeans in 1722.
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. var. effusum (Hack.) Pilger. — Common in
enclosures protected from sheep and cattle: Hanga Ho Orno (no. 656); fre-
quently seen between Rano Aroi and Mataveri and between the latter place
and Rano Raraku. Introduced from Tahiti acc. to FUENTES I. c. p. 5; brought
from Tahiti, not very long ago and possibly on purpose, all acc. to Mr, Ep-
MUNDS, the manager in the island.
* Digitaria horizontalis Willd. — Hanga Ho Orno, in crevices between
stones (no. 649, also Albatross no. 6!); Rano Kao, not uncommon (no. 667);
islet Motu Nui (no. 1200).
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. — FUENTES |. c. — Widely dispersed
over the island (nos. 646, 1192).
[Panicum filiforme in FORSY. Prodr. no. 38 is called Paspalum filiforme
Sw. by ENDLICHER 1. c. p. 157. These two names correspond to quite
different plants, acc. to Prof. PILGER; the latter is a West Indian species, the
former is now called Digitaria filiformis Ell. and found in N. and S. America.
Possibly the Easter Island plant is only a form of D. sanguenals.]
Cenchrus echinatus LL. — FUENTES 1. c. — »On hill side, about 15—60
m alt.» (Albatross no. 3!); Hanga Ho Orno (no. 640).
Bromus unioloides H. B. K. — FUENTES 1. c. — »Foot of cave just inside
Rano Kao» (Albatross no. 50!); Rano Kao, here and there in the crater (no.
674); islet Motu Nui (no. 1107).
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. — FUENTES I. c. — »Abundant everywhere,
the common grass» (Albatross no. 5!); Hanga Ho Orno (no. 650); Mataveri;
Rano Kao; islet Motu Nui (no. 1188).
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. — FUENTES |. c. — Mataveri (no. 985).
* Hordeum murinum L. — »Inside of Rano Kao, no other example seen»
(Albatross no. 47!)
* Sixyrinchium micranthum Cay. — »Abundant in rocky plains of low eleva-
tions» (Albatross nos. 12! 30!) — A Peruvian species, also introduced into
Australia and New Zealand acc. to CHEESEMAN.
* Portulaca oleracea \.. — Growing near beach, not abundant» (Albatross
no. 17!); Hanga Ho Orno, not uncommon (no. 636); Mataveri (no. 1198). This
may equally well be regarded as indigenous; still, GUPPy thinks it has been
introduced into several places in the Pacific, f. inst. to Hawaii (I. c. p. 552).
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 81
*Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. — Very minute specimens, Mt. Vaintu
Rova (no. 1199).
*Polycarpon tetraphyllum L. — »Growing on rocks, abundant» (Albatross
no. 13!).
*Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. — Hanga Ho Orno, caves in the coast
rocks (no. 635).
Crotalaria Saltiana Andr. — »Abundant near village» (Albatross no. 65!);
along the road from Hanga Roa to Mataveri (no. 681; also FUENTES l. c.).
Trifolium spec. — Sterile. Hanga Roa.
Phaseolus spec., »affinis vulgaris L.» — Rano Kao, FUENTES l. c.
Oxalis corniculata L. — Dispersed over the entire island in stony places.
— »Abundant about rocky walls etc.» (Albatross no. 18!); Hanga Ho Orno
(no. 637); Mataveri; Rano Kao.
Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (»coromandelicum»). — FUENTES
lc. s. n. MW. tricuspidatum A. Gray. — »Crater of Rano Kao, scattered patches
(Albatross no. 61!); Mataveri (no. 692).
*Malva spec. — A weed in the garden of Mataveri.
Sida paniculata L. — A weed in the garden of Mataveri (FUENTES, I. c.).
Verbena litoralis H. B. K. — FUENTES |. c. — »On hill side, 60 m alt.
La Pérouse Bay» (= Hanga Ho Orno): Albatross no. 20! Very common
along the shore, but also inland in scattered specimens, in the craters and in
the cultivated fields (no. 682).
Plantago major L. — FUENTES 1. c. — »Common near landing, Cook Bay
(= Hanga Roa, Albatross no. 64!):
Plantago lanceolata L. — Mataveri (also FUENTES I. c.).
*Vomordica charantia L.. — Mataveri (no. 683). Possibly escaped from
old cultivations.
Centaurea melitensis 1. — CHAMISSO acc. to ENDLICHER Il. c. p. 107,
s. n. C. apula Lam. Not found by later collectors.
*Ageratum conysoides LL. — In the crater of Rano Kao (no. 669). A
common tropical weed.
Erigeron linifolius Willd. — Hanga Roa, »only example seen (Albatross
no. 63!) Common on stony ground, f. inst. Hanga Ho Orno (no. 642). —
FUENTES s. n. E. canadensis L., which it is not; VIERHAPPER confirms the
determination of my specimen.
Bidens pilosa L, — FUENTES 1. c. »On hilltop, 60—90 m alt., sparse»
(Albatross no. 21!); Hanga Ho Orno (no. 567); Mataveri, in the garden (no.
1193).
Galinsoga parviflora L. — FUENTES |. c. — Mataveri (no. 684).
*Hypochoeris radicata L. — Rano Aroi.
Sonchus oleraceus 1. — FUENTES 1. c. — »Summit of Rano Kao, but
scattered examples everywhere on island» (Albatross no. 62!); Mt. Teatea;
Rano Aroi; Mataveri (no. 1195); Ratio Kao.
t
6 — 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
82 CARL SKOTTISBERG
Appendix.
Ferns collected by the Albatross Expedition.
Asplenium adiantoides (L.) C. Chr. var sguamulosum C. Chr. — » Crater
ot Rano Kao, near foot, scarce» (no. 41!).
Asplenium obtusatum Forst. — »Scattering, near shore, on rocks» (no.
1!); »crater of Rano Kao, not abundant» (no. 45!)
Dryopteris parasitica (L.) OK. — »About inside of crater of Rano
Kao» (no. 37!); »in cave at summit of Rano Kao» (no. 38!).
Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) Presl. — »About rocks in all places where
moisture is available» (no. 2!); »from crater of Rano Kao, abundant, the com-
mon fern of the island» (nos. 39! 42!).
Polypodium phymatodes L. — no, 22! »summit of Rano Kao» (no. 43!);
»along large rocks near bottom of crater of Rano Kao» (no. 44)).
Vittaria elongata Sw. — »Summit of Rano Kao, scarce» (no. 40!).
The flora of Easter Island is very poor. As in similar cases, it is some-
times difficult to tell if a certain plant is indigenous or not. If the old authors
are trustworthy, cultivation once extended over a large part of the ground, so
that several species, members of the original flora, may have become extermin-
ated, and we have seen that Sopkora toromiro probably goes to share their
fate. The small copses said to have existed in the time of COOK may have
sheltered some herbs that disappeared later. Unfortunately, there are no high
mountains, but the host of weeds is able to sweep over the entire area. Many
introduced species play an important part in the plant associations of the island,
which I shall describe briefly in another paper. Later, I shall also discuss the
affinities and probable origin of the flora; this time I find it proper to confine
myself to the following remarks.
Of wild phanerogams, 30 have been reported, out of these 12 for the
first time. Four are considered to be endemic (Axonopus paschalis, Stipa horrt-
dula, Danthonia paschalis, Sophora toromiro); three (Cyperus vegetus, Scirpus
riparius, Polygonum acuminatum) are common to Easter Island and America
but (with the exception of Scirpus, reported from Hawaii) not found in other
parts of the Pacific; the majority or 23 species are Australian and Polynesian,
many of them wide-spread tropical or subtropical plants. If we add the 12
ferns, of which 2 are endemic and 10 Polynesian or pantropical, the total
number of indigenous vascular plants amounts to 42, of which 6 are endemic,
THE PHANEROGAMS OF EASTER ISLAND 83
3 American and 33 Polynesian, pantropical etc. Of the endemic species,
Dryopteris Esptnosat, Axonopus paschalis and Danthonia paschalis are consid-
ered to have their nearest relatives in South America. Thus, it is of interest
to find that there is a small »American element» in the flora of Easter Island,
distant some 2,000 miles from the American shores.
84
Plate 6.
Piater7e
Plate 8.
Plate 9.
CARL SKOTTSBERG
Explanation of plates.
1. Paspalum Forsterianum Fligge, flowering shoot (right) and innovation
(left). 2. Axonopus paschalis Pilger. 3. Stipa horridula Pilger. —
About 1/3 nat. size.
Scirpus riparius Presl var. paschalis Kiikenth., top of large plant, 7/2 nat.
SIZE.
1. Polygonum acuminatum FH. B. K. 2. Lyctum sandvicense A, Gray
(base upwards). — '/2 nat. size.
Sophora toromiro (R. A. Phil.) Skottsb., fruiting branch, */s nat. size.
Nat. Hist. Fuan Fernandes and blaster [sl. Vol. 11. PLATE 6.
PU DIDGEY (Ce SMOUstere ‘1. Paspalum Forsterianum Fliigge.
2. Axonopus paschalis Pilger.
3. Stipa horridula Pilger.
Nat. Hast. Fuan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. Ll. PLANES
Photo by C. Skottsberg
Scirpus riparius Pres] var. paschalis Kiikenth.
Nat. Hist. Fuan Fernandez and Faster Isl. Vol. 11. PLATES.
meee ey C- Shatisbere 1. Polygonum acuminatum H. B. K.
2. Lycium sandvicence A. Gray.
Ieiby MINE) (6)
Nat. Hist. Fuan Fernandes and Faster Isl. Vol. I.
Sophora toromiro (R. A. Phil.) Skottsb.
Photo by C. Skottsberg
6. Freshwater Alge from Juan Fernandez and
Easter Island.
By
K. MUNSTER STROM.
With 1 textfigure,
The material, upon which the present contribution to the flora of Juan
Fernandez and Easter Island is based, was collected by Professor Dr. C. SKOTTS-
BERG during the Swedish Expedition to the Pacific 1916—1917.
Numerous samples were collected; partially they were preserved in bottles,
partially they were dried up.
On the whole, I have examined 28 samples preserved in chemicals and
about 25 dried ones. Only very few came from Easter Island. The collection
was very kindly submitted for my inspection by Prof. SKOTTSBERG and for-
warded to Christiania.
Very little is previously known concerning the freshwater flora of these is-
lands, but unfortunately the present collections were so poor that only twenty-
five species were observed, among them only two Desmids.
I therefore very much regret being unable to give any account of the
geographical relationship of the freshwater microflora to that of other coun-
tries. A thorough examination of the Freshwater Algze of these Islands would
no doubt be of interest, as it may help to supply the phyto- and zodgeographical
results, made out from the examination of the higher plants and of the fauna.
Probably, the extreme poverty of the samples is partly due to the fact
that they were collected by a non-specialist, but there are reasons to believe
that the Islands are not very rich in Freshwater Algee. This may be due to
many causes (there does not exist a single lake or pond in Juan Fernandez);
perhaps the lonely position of the islands is of some significance.
I am, however, inclined to believe that at least a greater number of sub-
aérial Algaee may be found by future explorers as the climate of the higher
parts of Juan Fernandez is very damp.
The majority of the Alga are wholly ubiquitous species, even the two
Desmids are widely distributed forms. I have, however, mentioned the area of
86 K. MUNSTER STROM
distribution when dealing with each species in the following account, in con-
formity with the other contributions to this work.
Only in a few cases I have mentioned the names of the collecting-places
proper, as they are of very little interest when such scarce material is investiga-
ted, but often I have made use of Prof. SKOTTSBERG’s notes on the conditions
under which the Algz grew.
The number of species may be apportioned as follows.
Chlorophycez V2. PROTOCOCCALES I.
CONJUGAT 5 Myxophycez 2.
OEDOGONIALES i¢ COCCOGONE 2
CLADOPHORALES © 3. HORMOGONE oe
CHATOPHORALES 2 Total 25.
As to be seen from this, the number of species in the Myxophycez was
relatively large. The ecological groups of Algz, which were best represented
were the Algz of wet and dripping rocks, and a few strictly subaérial ones.
Finally I wish to express my best thanks to Professor Dr. N. WILLE for
kindly giving me his opinion on some critical species.
Systematic account of the species observed.
Class Chlorophycee.
Order Conjugate.
Family Desmidiacee.
Genus Cosmarium Corda.
I. Cosmarium subspeciosum Nordst.
Norpstepr: Desm. Arctoe. W. & G. S. Wesr: British Desmidiacez Vol. III.
After due consideration I have referred the specimens observed to this
species. Many of them closely resemble Cosmarium binum, but in no case
could I observe the characteristic and indispensable markings. The nature of
the central tumour furnished with the vertical granulate ridges in Cosmartum
binum must be regarded as the essential distinguishing feature.
Moreover, the measurements and the number of crenations on each semi-
cell are in accordance with the typical form of Cosmarium subspectosum. The
crenations are by no means regularly binate granulated. All these characters
serve to distinguish the species.
However, the specimens observed at a first glance so much resemble cer-
tain forms of Cosmarium binum that the two species may be easily confused,
when dealing with such forms as the present.
FRESHWATER ALGA FROM JUAN FERNANDEZ AND EASTER ISLAND 87
Size: long. 41—46 p; lat. 29—33 p; lat. isthm. 12—15 wp; crass. 24 yp.
Masatierra: among mosses on wet rocks in Pangal.
Area of distribution: probably .ubiquitous, known from Europe, Arctic
Countries, Asia, Africa, North and South America.
2. Cosmarium humile var. striatum (Boldt) Schmidle.
“=.
ScumipLE: Beitr. Alpin. Algen; Cosmarium striatum Bo.ipr: Siber. Chloroph. ;
W. & G. S. West: British Desmid. Vol. III.
This Desmid is represented with a few specimens in the same sample as
the preceding. The forms are typical of the variety.
Srrere longap 5. 05 lat..12 tj lats,isthm. 4 ps
Masatierra.
Area of distribution: Europe, Asia, North and South America, but pro-
bably even more widely distributed.
Family Zygnemacee.
Genus Zygnema Ag.
3. Zygnema sp.
Sterile specimens of Zyguema are present in a couple of samples.
Masatierra: in a brook. Masafuera: in a brook with slowly running water.
Distribution of the genus: ubiquitous.
Genus Spirogyra Link.
4 & 5. Spirogyra sp.
At least two sterile species of Sfzrogyra were observed. The one was
a large form 70—8o y, broad, the other a slender species.
Masatierra: Colonial Valley; Masafuera; Easter Island.
Distribution of the genus: world-wide.
Order Oedogoniales.
Family Oedogoniacee.
Genus Oedogonium Link.
6. Oedogonium sp.
Specimens of Oedogonium are widely distributed in all the islands, but
invariabily they were sterile.
Masatierra; Masafuera; Easter Island.
Distribution of genus: world-wide.
88 K. MUNSTER STROM
Order Cladophorales.
Family Cladophoracez.
Genus Cladophora Kuetz.
7. Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kuetz.
Kuetzinc: Phycol. German.; Conferva fracta DiLLwyn: British conferve.
Some of the samples examined consist of this species, which together with
Cladophora glomerata is among the most widely distributed Algz in the world.
Between the branches of some specimens there is a rich vegetation of Diatoms.
Masatierra.
Area of aistribution: ubiquitous.
8. Cladophora sp.
Masatierra. Undeterminable C/ladophora-species are present in a couple
of collections.
Distribution of the genus: ubiquitous, both freshwater and marine.
Genus Rhizoclonium Kuetz.
g. Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (Ag.) Kuetz.
Kuetzinc: Phyc. Gener.; Conferva hieroglyphica AGARDH in Flora 1827.
Masatierra: This common species occurred in a few samples.
Area of distribution: ubiquitous.
Order Cheetophorales.
Family Trentepohliacez.
Genus Trentepohlia Martius.
10. Trentepohlia aurea L.
LINNE: Systema Nature (Byssus aureus).
Masatierra: The typical form of this species, which is among the most
widely distributed Algz in the world, was common in caves.
Area of distribution: world-wide.
FRESHWATER ALGH FROM JUAN FERNANDEZ AND EASTER ISLAND 89
It. Trentepohlia aurea ? forma.
Forma in Printz: Subaérial Algz from South Africa. Det Kgl. Norske Viden-
skabers Selskabs Skrifter 1920. ‘Trondhjem 1921.
The form observed very much resembled the forma recorded by PRINTZ
from South Africa. The filaments were a little broader (breadth from 10 to
15 y.) but he also mentions specimens up to 17 yp.
I quite agree with Dr. PRINTZ in regarding the difference between 77ent/e-
pohlia aurea and Trentepohlia abietina as insufficient for specific separation.
The reasons for this, put forward in his paper seem very convincing. Pre-
viously a couple of 7ventepohlia species are known to occur in Juan Fernandez
and Easter Island, such as Jyrentepohlia polycarpa and the doubtful 77ente-
pohlia Tuckermanniana.
Masatierra: in caves, Cumberland Bay.
Area of distribution: previously only known from South Africa.
Order Protococcales.
Family Protococcacee.
Genus Chlorella Beijerinck.
12. Chlorella ellipsoidea Gern.
GeRNECK: Z. Kenntn. nied. Chlorophyceen.
The specimens, which occurred in considerable quantities, were all very
badly preserved and the cytological structure could not be observed with accur-
acy. To judge from their size, however, they seem to belong to Chlorella
ellipsoidea Gerneck and certainly they come nearer to this than to any other
species of the genus.
Masatierra: forming green, slimy masses on rocks in cave.
Area of distribution: hitherto only reported from a few countries, mostly
from cultures in laboratories, but undoubtedly of wide distribution.
Class Myxophyceee.
Order Coccogonee.
Family Chroococcaceez.
Genus Chroococcus NAEGELI.
13. Chroococcus minor (Kuetz.) Naeg.
NaEGELI: Gatt. Einz. Alg.; Protococcus minor Kurrzinc: Species Algarum.
The specimens observed were few and in no good state of preservation.
I have compared them with the original ones in the herbarium of NAEGELI
go K. MUNSTER STROM
and there can be no doubt about the identification. They were quite similar
to the forms of the species so frequently found throughout Europe.
Masatterra: in caves.
Area of distribution: world-wide.
Genus Gloeocapsa Kuetz. em. Naegeli.
14. Gloeocapsa montana Kuetz.
Kuerzinc: Phycol. generalis, incl. G/. polydermatica and Gil. quaternata.
Masatierra: This common species occurred in a single sample, scattered
among specimens of Wostoc sphericum.
Area of distribution: ubiquitous.
Order Hormogonee.
Family Stigonemacee.
Genus Stizonenia Agardh.
15. Stigonema turfaceum (Berk.) Cooke.
Cooke: British Freshwater Algze; BERKELEY in English Botany tab. 2826.
Masatierra: The typical form of this characteristic species occurred in one
sample, collected on rocks and forming a nigro-pulvinate stratum.
Size: Crass. 25—38 p; Crass. horm. 12 p.; Long. horm. 45 p.
Area of distribution: ubiquitous.
16. Stigonema tomentosum (Kuetz.) Hieron.
Hieronymus in Hedwigia 1895; Strosiphon tomentosus KuEYTZzING in Bot. Zeit.
1847; RABENHORST: Exsicc. No. 694, etc.
Masafuera: on rocks. This distinct species is represented with its typical
form in a single sample.
Area of distribution: probably ubiquitous.
Genus Diplonema Borzi.
17. Diplonema rupicolum Borzi.
Borzi: Studie sulle Mixoficee II.
I am in some doubt if the species observed is quite identical with BORZI's
species.
FRESHWATER ALGAAS FROM JUAN FERNANDEZ AND EASTER ISLAND 9!
The specimens, however, very much resemble his figures of Dzplonema
rupitcolum, and the false branches are exactly like those. The dimensions,
moreover, are quite the same as recorded by him, and I have observed the
curious chroococcoid stage which occurred interiorly in the frond.
To judge from his drawings the species presents a considerable range of
variation and certainly the Myxophycea observed comes nearer to Diplonema
rupicolum than to any other species.
Masatierra: on rocks in cave.
Area of distribution: previously only known from Italy.
Family Nostocacez.
Genus Nostoce Vaucher.
18. Nostoc sphericum Vaucher.
VaucHER: Hist. Conferves d’eau douce.
The determination is not perfectly sure as neither heterocysts nor spores
could be found. However, the macroscopical appearence and the characters
of the vegetative cells are facts so strongly supporting the determination that
there can be very little doubt concerning the identification of the specimens.
Masatierra.
Area of distribution: world-wide.
19. Nostoc ellipsosporum (Desmaz.) Rabh.
RABENHORST: Flora Europ. Alg.; Hormosiphon ellipsosporus DESMAZIERES: PI.
crypt. de France; Wirrrock & Norpstept: Exsicc. 1329.
Masafuera: The typical form of this species was observed in a single
sample, collected on damp soil between Hepaticae.
Size: Long. cell. 7—12 ; lat. cell. 4 »; lat. heterocyst. 6—7 u; long.
heterocyst. 7—13 u.; long. spor. 12—19 w,; lat. spor. 6—8 yp.
Area of distribution: probably ubiquitous.
Family Oscillatoriacee.
Genus Lyngbya Ag.
20. Lyngbya sp.
Masatierra: among other Algz. The species was undeterminable as only
a couple of filaments were observed.
Distribution of the genus: world-wide.
g2 K. MUNSTER STROM
Genus Phormidium Kuetz.
21. Phormidium Retzii (Ag.) Gom.
GomontT in Journ. de Botanique IV; AGarpDH: Disp. Alg. Suec.
The form observed no doubt belongs to this species, but presents some
likeness to Phormidium ambiguum.
Szze: lat. fil. 6—7 pw. ;
Masafuera: forming a stratum in waterfall.
Area of distribution: ubiquitous.
22. Phormidium uncinatum (Ag.) Gom.
GomonT in Journ. de Botanique IV; Osc7llatoria uncinata AGARDH in Flora X;
Wittrock & Norpsrept: Exsicc. No. 96, »Phormidium membranaceum».
Masatierra: The typical form was observed in a single sample.
Area of distribution: world-wide.
Genus Oscillatoria Vaucher.
23. Oscillatoria tenuis Ag.
AGARDH: Alg. Dec.
Masaterra: This common species was present in one sample, from wet
rocks in Pangal.
Area of distribution: one of the most generally distributed Algz in the world.
24. Oscillatoria sp.
° Oscillatoria terebriformis forma tenuis W. & G. S. Wesr: Freshwater Alge.
British Antarctic Expedition 1907—g9.
In one sample there was an Oscillatoria, which presented a striking simil-
arity to the forma tenuzs described by Messrs. WEST from the Antarctic. The
=, a
= é ae a a
x20 Os aaa
Fis, 1. Ca ooa Xs
dimensions were just the same, and also the cytological structure as far as it
could be observed (the specimens were preserved in formaline solution), but the
filaments were very little, if at all, terebriform. However, if to judge from
Messrs. WEST’s figures, this character is not very striking in the specimens
FRESHWATER ALG FROM JUAN FERNANDEZ AND EASTER ISLAND 93
they observed from the Antarctic, and certainly my specimens come very near
to this form.
Szse: lat. fil. 3 UW.
Masatierra: On freshwater sponges.
Area of distribution: The above-mentioned form is previously known from
Cape Royds, Victoria Land.
Addenda.
25. Nostoc punctiforme (Kuetz.) Hariot.
Hariot in Journ. de Bot. 1891; Polycoccus punctiformis Kurtzinc Phyc. gen.
This ostoc occurred in the intercellular spaces of three Guznera-species.
The specimens are quite like those collected by LAGERHEIM in Equador and
issued in WITTROCK, NORDSTEDT & LAGERHEIM: Algz exsiccate 1338.
Masatierra: in Gunnera peltata Phil. and Gunnera bracteata Steud.
Masafuera: in Gunnera Masafuere Skottsb.
Area of distribution: World-wide.
Christiania, The Botanic Museum of the Royal Fredericks University.
April 27th, 1927.
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7- The Phanerogams of the Juan Fernandez Islands.
By
CARL SKOTTSBERG.
With 11 plates (nos. 10—20) and 39 text figures.
The compilation of a phanerogamic flora of Juan Fernandez has required
more time and labour than could be anticipated. The general belief was, I
dare say, that the higher flora of the group was very well known. That the
writer did not share this opinion is evident from the fact that floristic investiga-
tion was one of the principal objects of the voyage in 1916—17. My short
visit in 1908 made me believe that the remote island of Masafuera was a
promising field of research. The results communicated below will show, I think,
that I was not disappointed. Masatierra, where quite a number of botanists
have been, had more in store for us than we expected. There were many
places of difficult access only visited by BERTERO, eighty years ago. Our
knowledge of the distribution of the species in the islands was, in many cases
at least, quite vague, as the earlier collectors seldom recorded the exact localities
on their herbarium labels. Several species had been found once or twice only
and remained little known.
The starting point for my studies was of course the well known work of
F. JoHow. But I had not advanced very far when I found that a reexamina-
tion of many of the types was urgently needed. The majority of these had
been discovered by BERTERO, and the discrepance between the writer and
JOHOW concerning several of the species is partly due to the fact that JoHOw
had no occasion to study BERTERO’s specimens. In other instances his species
conception is a little too wide. I found it necessary to examine practically
every type of the endemic plants. The collections of Santiago (GERMAIN,
PHILIPPI, REED a. o. in the herbarium of Museo Nacional, and JOHOW’s private
collection) and Kew (DOUGLAS, SCOULER, BERTERO, DOWNTON, MOSELEY a. 0.)
were studied during longer visits to these places; other material was kindly
sent for inspection from Berlin, Kew, Paris, Lund, Stockholm and Upsala.
As usual, several collegues have assisted me in the determination of my
plants. Dr. R. PILGER, Berlin-Dahlem, revised the Gramineae in collaboration
with the writer, Dr. C. LINDMAN, Stockholm, determined some Poae, Rev. Dr.
96 CARL SKOTTSBERG
G. KUKENTHAL, Coburg, revised the Cyperaceae, Dr. G. BITTER, Bremen, made
a special study of Solanum, Acaena and Margyricarpus, Mr. O. E. SCHULZ,
Berlin, gave me his opinion on Cardamine, Dr. F VIERHAPPER communicated
some notes on my collection of Erigeron, and Dr. H. DAHLSTEDT, Stockholm,
described a new form of Taraxacum. To all these gentlemen I wish to express
my heartiest thanks for their generous assistance. I also thank Mr. A. KARNELL,
Gothenburg, for the help he gave me when preparing the negatives of Plates
TO, Al, 15s and 07;
Finally, I use this occasion to thank my wife, Mrs. INGA SKOTTSBERG,
for her never failing enthusiasm and her self-sacrifice during a voyage that was
a great strain on body and mind alike. She was a most skilful, active and
cheerful. companion, and contributed largely to the good results of our survey.
The localities in Masatierra are enumerated from E. to W. along the north
and south sides of the island, respectively; in the case of Masafuera, they are
enumerated from N. to S. along the east coast and thence round to the west
coast, and followed by the observations in the high mountainous region. Spanish
names are used, with the following abbreviations: B. = Bahia, bay; C. = Cordon,
mountain ridge;-Co = Cerro, mountain, peak; Pta = Punta, cape; Pto = Puerto,
cove, harbour; Q. = Quebrada, valley with steep sides, gorge, canyon; V. = Valle,
valley. Maps will accompany vol. I.
Where a collector's or observer's name is not mentioned, the species has
been observed by us in all the places quoted. The numbers in brackets refer
to our collection, of which sets are kept in Stockholm (Riksmuseum), Gothen-
burg (Botanical Garden), Upsala (Museum of the University), and in several
foreign herbaria.
A ! after the name of a collector signifies that I have examined the speci-
men referred to.
An * before a latin name indicates a new addition to the flora of Juan
Fernandez; if before the name of one of the islands, it signifies that the species
was observed for the first time in the island in question.
The altitudes are in meters above sea level.
It has been found advisable to indicate the state in which the specimens
were collected: fl. —in flower, fr. with fruit. Other abbreviations will be
understood without further explanation.
All the illustrations in the text are reproduced after drawings made by
the writer. ;
C. Skottsberg.
I. Indigenous species.
Gramineae.
Stipa L.
1. S. fernandeziana Phil. Anal. Univ. XLIII.560. — Syn. S. dzcolor in
Jouow, Estud. 134 non Vahl; S. Skotisberga Pilger ex SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 22. —
Fig. 1 a—d.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 97
On dry treeless slopes, also in many places along the high rocky ridges;
an important grass in the western half of Masatierra and in the basal region
of Masafuera.
Masatierra: GERMAIN! PHILIPPI! — High peak between the colony and
Pangal, 365 m; V. Colonial, not uncommon (fl. °/12 16, no. 19); Portezuelo de
Villagra, 590 m (fl. */12 16, no. 28); C. Salsipuedes (fl.—fr. 8/12 16, no. go, 7°/12
16, no. 170); Q. Juanango; between Villagra and Pta Larga, in many places,
but not abundant (fr. °/1 17, no. 244).
Masafuera: Probably in all the valleys; Q. Seca, abundant; Q. de las
Casas, very common to a couple of hundred m inland; Q. de las Vacas, abun-
dant in the outer parts (fr. '°/2 17, no. 447).
Leaves to 4 or 5 mm broad, generally convolute, densely pubescent below,
glabrous or with few hairs above. Rays of the panicle about 6-flowered. Empty
glumes very acute, outer 3-, inner 5-nerved, brownish purple with translucent
margins and point, 14—15 mm long in my specimens. Pedicel of flower
3—3,5 mm, densely silky with longer hairs on the ventral side. Floral glume
7 mm long, with 5 prominent nerves, dorsal line pubescent to about 7/3 of its
length, thence glabrous; external face covered with acute papillae; collar 1 mm
high, brownish purple, the edge with a crown of white hairs about I mm long,
but shorter on the ventral side; awn to 70 mm, slightly geniculate or almost
straight, laxly twisted and pilose in the lower half, thence scabrous. Lodicules
about I,r mm, ovate-truncate. Palea nearly 2 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, acutate,
nerveless. Stamens dimorphous, the anterior with normal anther, 1 mm long,
linear, fertile, the others with more ovoid, '/3s—'/z2 mm long, almost entirely
sterile anthers. Anthers sometimes aristulate. Ovary about 1 mm long, fusi-
form, stigmas short pedicellate. Flowers cleistogamous.
This species was listed as S. manicata Desv. by PHILIPPI, Bot. Zeit. X1V.630,
but distinguished as var. /zrsuta on the label of GERMAIN’s specimen in Herb.
Santiago, collected Oct. 1854 in Masatierra. Later PHILIPPI, who collected the
same species in Nov. 1864, described it as S. fernandeztana Phil. A comparison
with the type showed that all my material must be referred to PHILIPPI's
species; his plants, however, differ from mine in the empty glumes reaching a
length of 21 mm while the awn is as much as 90 mm long.
It is not at all remarkable that PHILIPPI at first regarded the island Supa
as a variety of S. manicata. I have not seen authentic material of the latter,
but to judge from the detailed description in GAy, Bot. VI.288, it must come
very near this. .S. manzcata differs by the shorter leaves, which are hairy on
the inside and glabrous on the outside, the longer ligule, the shorter glumes,
described as green below, the shorter pedicel of the flower, shorter awn etc.
The anthers seem to be alike in both.
As only one S#ifa has been collected in the islands by all visitors known
to me, it seems natural to identify S. Weeséana var. fernandesiana Trin. et Rupr.
with S. fernandesiana Phil., but the description »foliis planiusculis cum nodis
glabris ligula 11/¢-linealix does not answer to any form seen by me in the islands
or in herbaria. My specimens of S. Neeséana from Central Chile (no. 1017),
determined by Prof. PILGER, are glabrous and have smaller spikelets than S.
fernandeziana. Prof. P1LGER was inclined to regard the latter as identical with
7— 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
98 CARL SKOTTSBERG
S. longifiora Steud Syn. I. 124, of which there is a sheet in Berlin (BERTERO
no. 800). But the description of STEUDEL clearly forbids the identification.
The leaves are I mm wide only, the rays of the panicle bear 1—3 flowers, the
glumes are 5-nerved and only 6 to 8 mm long, the »floscule» is described as
pilose all over. I collected a S#fa near Valparaiso (no. 1019), that answers
very well to STEUDEL’s description, and this is not S. fermandeziana. 1 have
no reason to doubt that S. fernandeziana is the same as S. longiflora Herb.
Berlin, for STEUDEL quotes BERTERO no. 800 ex parte for his species. Prof.
PILGER thinks that S. macrathera Phil. Anal. Univ. XCIII.720 is another name for
S. fernandeziana. The description is incomplete, and I have no authentic spe-
cimen at hand.
S. fernandesiana Steud. |. c. was shown by PILGER ex SKOTTSBERG, Stud.
22 to be = Piptochaetium bicolor.
My identification of S. Skottsbergiz Pilger |. c. with S. fernandestana Phil.
was approved by the author of the former. There is a certain variation in the
leaves, probably due to external conditions. The same kind of variation is
found in Piptochaetium bicolor.
Area of distribution: Central Chile; Juan Fernandez.
Piptochaetium Presl.
2. P. bicolor (Vahl) Presl. — Jonow, Estud. 125. — Syn. Oryzopsis
bicolor Speg., SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 22; Stipa bicolor Vahl, non JOoHOW nec HEMSLEY;
S. fernandestana Steud. non Phil.
Masatierra: Open ground in the centre of the island, not common. V.
Colonial, near the colony (fl.-fr. ®/12 16, no. 18) and also higher up (fr. 74/12 16,
no. 1201); Pto Ingles (fr. 19/1 17, no. 315); grassy slopes of Villagra, rather
abundant (fr. °/1 17, no. 243).
Area of distribution: South Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Masatierra.
3. P. laevissimum Phil. — JoHOw, Estud. 135.
In the lower treeless parts of the valleys, abundant in the western half of
Masatierra and in the basal region of Masafuera.
Masatierra: V. Colonial, east part, dry soil near the sea (fr. '’/13 16,
no. 110); C. Salsipuedes, here and there up to about 600 m; Pto Ingles, com-
mon (fr. 19/1 17, no. 316); Q. Juanango, very common; between Villagra and
Pta Larga, abundant, quite dominating over considerable areas (fr. °/1 17, no. 240).
Masafuera: JoHow. — Forming extensive mats in the basal region from
Toltén to Vacas, south of this valley not so common. It covers the bottom of
the outer part of the valleys, as well as the ridges between them, alternating
with the forest patches (fr. 1°/2 17, no. 553).
This grass was first found in Masatierra by PHILIPPI in 1864 and re-
discovered in 1908 by the writer. It is, perhaps, the most common of all grasses
considered to be indigenous.
Area of distribution: Central Chile (quoted by JOHOW from the Cordil-
lera of Santiago and Colchagua, collected by me near Valparaiso); Juan Fernandez.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 99
‘
Fig. 1. a—d Stipa fernandeziana: a_spikelet, X 24; b flowering glume, X 5; ¢ flower with
palea and two lodicules, % 20; d anthers, X 10. e—i FPolypfogon imberbis, spikelets, flowering
glume and palea: e leg. REED, f SKOTTSBERG no. 298, g no. 491, h no. 471, i f. avistata no. 1109.
k P. crinitus, spikelet, flowering glume and palea. 1 Agrostis masafuerana, spikelet. — e—l X 10,
: Podophorus Phil.
4. P. bromoides Phil. — Jonow, Estud. 135.
Masatierra: GERMAIN!
Discovered by GERMAIN in the latter half of October, 1854. PHILIPPI
100 CARL SKOTTSBERG
states (Bot. Zeit. X1V.649) that it is »frequens in insula Juan Fernandez», but it
has never been found a second time. All the material consists of the two
sheets in Santiago and a third one in Kew. I need not tell that we made a
careful search after this most interesting grass, but unfortunately without result.
I must believe that it is a very rare plant. As it was in flower and fruit in
October, it may have remained sterile during our permanence (Dec. 1—April 30),
and was perhaps confounded with Avomus (Megalachne). Still, every suspected
grass tuft was examined.
Area of distribution: Monotypic and endemic in Masatierra.
Polypogon Desf.
5. P. imberbis (Phil.) Johow, Estud. 136. — Syn. NMowodworskya imber-
ézs Phil. Anal. Univ. XLIII.562. — Fig. 1 e—i.
Masatierra: REED! (fig. Ie). —- Dry soil near the sea, in the western
section, rare; Pto Ingles (PHILIPPI!); B. del Padre (fl. **/1 17, no.208, hewim):
*Masafuera: near the sea in several places. B. Toltén (fl. ?/2 17, no. 471,
fig. 1h); Tierras Blancas, not uncommon (fl.-fr. *"/2 17, no. 4gI, fig. 1 g). —
New for Masafuera.
f. avistata n. f. A typo differt gluma florali longe aristata. Masafuera:
Playa Ancha (fl.-fr. '?/s 17, no. 1109, fig. 1 i).
A careful comparison with PHILIPPI’s material in Herb. Santiago was made.
The following notes may be added. Empty glumes 2,;—3 mm long, not.
counting the awn, the inner generally a little shorter, entire, very acute, scabrous
on the back, awn terminal, 0,;—2 mm long; floral glume about 2 mm long,
exaristate, sparingly scabrid on the back, 5-nerved with 3 stronger and 2 weaker
nerves, each prolonged into a scabrid point; palea about 1 mm, hyaline, ovate,
+ truncate and generally 2-pointed.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
6. P. chilensis (Kunth) Pilger, Uber einige Gram. 386. — Chaetotropis
chilensis Kunth; JOHOW, Estud. 136.
Masatierra: on open ground in some of the valleys, also in the dry western
section. V. Colonial (begin. fl. ?°/12 16, no. 206); Pto Ingles (fl. 19/1 17, no. 317);
Q. Juanango (fl.—fr. °/4 17, no. 605); Villagra, not uncommon (fl. °/1 17, no. 239).
Area of distribution: Central provinces of Chile and Masatierra acc. to
JoHow, but apparently also in other parts of South America, for PILGER quotes
as synonyms V7/fa muricata Presl from Pert and Agrostis pectinata Hackel et
Arechavaleta from Uruguay. It was perhaps introduced to Masatierra with the
traffic of the 18th century.
Agrostis L.
#7, A. masafuerana Pilger, Uber einige Gram. 388. — Fig. 11.
Masafuera: in the alpine fell-fields, very local; Las Torres, 1370 m (past
fl. 14/2 17, no. 424); C. del Barril, 1290 m. — An addition to the magellanic element.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 101
Trisetum Pers.
8. T. chromostachyum Desv. — JOHOW, Estud. 137.
Masatierra: GERMAIN! REED! — In my previous paper on the islands I
excluded this from the list of indigenous species. There are, however, no special
reasons to regard it as introduced. It must be rare, and we never found it.
Area of distribution: Central and South Chile; Masatierra.
Danthonia DC.
9g. D. collina Phil. — Jonow, Estud. 138. — Fig. 2 a.
Masatierra: PHILIPPI! — Dry rocky ridges and sunny arid slopes; the
peak between Pangal and V. Colonial, 365 m (past fl. 17/12 16, no. 148); Q. Dama-
juana (fl. °/12 16, no. 52); C. Salsipuedes, dry, wind-exposed rocks, not uncom-
mon; Pto Ingles (fr. dispersed, '°/1 17, no. 328); Villagra, frequent on the dry
slopes (SKOTTSBERG 1908; fl.-fr. °/1 17, no. 247).
First found by PHILIPPI and rediscovered (sterile) by the writer in 1908.
As there are so many American species of this genus I have thought it better
to add a few figures for comparison.
Area of distribution: South Chile (Valdivia); Masatierra.
Koeleria Pers.
10. K. micrathera (Desv.) Griseb. Symb. Fl. Argent. 292. — Syn. 77ise-
tum micratherum Desv. ex Gay, Bot. VI.352; 7. /axum Phil. Anal. Univ.
XLIII.568, Jonow, Estud. 137; PILGEeR, Uber einige Gram. 387. — Fig. 2 b—h.
Masatierra: PHILIPPI! — Rocky places near Portezuelo de Villagra, in
brushwood c. 590 m, very scarce (fl. '°/1 17, no. 279).
I have not seen the type of Z7r¢setum micratherum, to which 7. /axum is
referred on the authority of Prof. PILGER; according to the description the
former has much shorter leaves (only 2—3 inches), pubescent sheaths, outer
glume 7/3 as long as the inner, etc., but these differences disappear, it seems,
at a closer look, for PILGER writes |. c. 388: »Die Skottsbergschen Exemplare
stimmen mit denen von Valdivia durchaus iiberein». If the plant from Argentina
belongs here is an open question.
In his monograph of Koeleria, Bibl. Bot. 65, DOMIN calls K. mzcrathera
a »mixtum compositum». He had seen PHILIPPI’s specimens from Valdivia and
concludes that they must belong to some other genus. His reason for excluding
it from Koelerta evidently is that, as it is perennial and caespitose, it belongs
to the subgenus <Azrochloa, but all the Airochloas have much larger anthers.
The annual Lophochloa species have smaller anthers. Thus, it takes an inter-
mediate position. There is no other genus where we could find a suitable
place for it, and a new genus could not very well be based only on the small
size of the anthers.
102 CARL SKOTTSBERG
A short description of the insular plant will perhaps be welcome.
Densely caespitose but slender, dull green. Leaves to 30 cm long, only
I,;—I,7 mm wide, plicate; sheath glabrous, blade nearly glabrous, with few,
long and thin hairs; ligule almost wanting, transition between sheath and blade
pilose. Culm with few leaves. Panicle 5—10 cm long, multiradiate, contracted;
spikelets numerous, short pedicellate, with two complete flowers and a third,
terminal, rudimentary one, pilose as the rhachis. Empty glumes acute, very
unequal, lower c. 2 mm long, narrow lanceolate, I-nerved, upper about twice
as long, broad lanceolate, 3-nerved, floral glume 5—6 mm long with broad
hyaline margin, shortly bifid with oblique triangular lobes, 3-nerved, with scabrid
keel; awn subterminal, I—1I,; mm; palea 3 mm long, oblanceolate, acutely
bidentate, 2-keeled with scabrid keels. Anthers 0,;—0,75 mm long.
Area of distribution: South Chile (Valdivia); Masatierra.
Bromus L.
Megalachne, hitherto one of the monotypic insular genera, was reduced
to Bromus by PILGER, Uber einige Gram. 386. The long awns of the empty
glumes give a quite characteristic appearance to Megalachne, but, as PILGER
emphasizes, this character alone is not sufficient to separate the two genera.
HEMSLEY, Chall. Rep. Bot. I: 3.63 found that J/egalachne might be distinguished
by the glabrous ovary and the three styles. But while the young ovary is
glabrous or nearly so, older stages show rigid hairs covering its apex and
surrounding the styles. And the new species, discovered by the writer, has
two subapical styles, so that little can be advanced against PILGER’s view. On
the other hand, three styles are reported to occur in the section Ceratochloa.
On account of the heavily awned empty glumes, J/ega/achne should be retained
as a special section of Lromus.
11. B. (Megalachne) fernandezianus (Phil.) Skottsb. — Syn. J/. Bertero-
niana Steud. Syn. I. 237, JoHow, Estud. 140; Pantathera fernandeziana Phil.
Bot. Zeit. XIV.649; B. megalachne Pilger |. c. — Fig. 2 i.
Masatierra: Not uncommon in the eastern and central parts, along the
ridges in the montane region, in open glades of the woods, among brushwood
etc., hanging down from the rocks and forming quite ornamental patches. —
Pto Frances, Loma del Incienso, 360 m, common; El Pangal, on the steep
slopes from 250—300 m, also in wet moss by the waterfall; in the gap between
Damajuana and Yunque, 580 m (fl. *8/12 16, no. 155); V. Colonial, C. Central,
c. 570 m; Q. del Monte Maderugo, steep wall, 390 m; Portezuelo de Villagra,
common on the ridges, 5—600 m (fl. 3/12 16, no. 30); C. Salsipuedes, 400—600 m,
common; (. Juanango, by the stream, 215 m; B. Villagra, low hill near the
camp, c. 200 m.
Masafuera: in the same kind of places as in Masatierra, but less frequent.
Q. de las Casas (JOHOW), not uncommon on the walls of the gorge, (past fl.
11/5 17, no. 456); Q. de las Vacas (JoHow); Q. Angosta, at the waterfall; Q. del
Varadero; Q. de la Loberia, along the stream in the forest, 170 m; Las Torres,
wet moss mats on the rocks, 1370 m (forma! past fl. ™/2 17, no. 425); C. del
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 103
Fig. 2. a Danthonia collina, flowering glume with palea and caryopsis, X 5. b—h Koe/eria
micrathera: b spikelet, ¢ rhachis with rudimentary flower, d tips of two flowering glumes,
e palea, f anthers, g pistil, all x 10, h ligule, X 124. i Bromus fernandezianus, pistil and
lodicules, X 10.. k—r B. masafueranus: k spikelet, X 24,1 palea, m pollination, n anther, all
X 5; 0 lodicules, p flower, r pistil from the side, all x Io.
Barril, 985 m; lower slopes of Los Inocentes, open space in fern forest, c. 950 m.
— No. 425 differs from the ordinary form in having more scabrid glumes; the
spikelets are unusually large, about 6-flowered.
104 CARL SKOTTSBERG
PILGER made the new name Jb. megalachne in order to avoid confusion
between b. Lerteronianus and b. Bertertanus Colla. But there is no reason why
we should not use PHILIPPI's specific name.
Area of distribution: Endemic. |
#12, B. (Megalachne) masafueranus Skottsb. et Pilger ex PILGER, Uber
einige Gram. 385. — Fig. 2 k—r.
Masafuera: Las Torres, on rocks, 1370 m (fl.-fr. 7*/2 17, no. 415).
An interesting addition to the flora. The description |. c. is supplied here
with some illustrations. The flowers are cleistogamous (see fig. 2 m).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Chusquea Kunth.
13. Ch. fernandeziana Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 141.
Masatierra: in the forest belt, rare below 400 m, more common higher
up, but never abundant nor forming thickets comparable with the famous chilean
»colihuales»; also in dense brushwood on the high peaks and crests. — C.
Chifladores, slope of the Frances Valley, c. 500 m (no. 621); main ridge above
Pangal, 795 m; north side of Damajuana, 530 m and in the quebrada below,
west side, 345 m (no. 212); V. Anson, slopes of Co Yunque; Co Pirdmide, on
rock ledges, 550—600 m; V. Colonial, Q. Gutierrez, c. 450 m, in dense forest;
Pto Ingles, in higher ground; Co Alto (P. GUTIERREZ); mountain spur west of
Co Yunque, 415 m; Q. Villagra, just below Portezuelo, and by the stream farther
down, 160 m; Q. de la Choza, c. 300 m, not uncommon.
The colihue did not flower during our permanence, nor was it fertile in
1908. Flowers are known from the type material only (coll. Nov. 1864, PHILIPPI!)
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Cyperaceae,
Cyperus L.
14. C. vegetus Willd. — JoHow, Estud. 142.
Moist places, generally near the sea.
Masatierra, only reported from the central and western sections: E] Pangal
(JoHow); V. Colonial (past fl. ?°/12 16, no. 202); Pto Ingles, by the stream near
the sea; B. Chupones,
Masafuera: GERMAIN. — Rocky coast between Casas and Vacas (fl.-fr.
8/2 17, no. 426); near Las Chozas; Loberfa vieja, on the beach.
Area of distribution: Chile; Juan Fernandez; Easter Island.
15. C. reflexus Vahl. — JoHow, Estud. 142.
Masatierra: reported by SCOULER, BERTERO, GERMAIN, REED, MOSELEY
and JOHOW, by the last mentioned from B. Cumberland. We did not see it.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 105
JOHOW united C. fernandeztanus Colla with C. reflexus, CLARKE retained it as
a species under Pycreus, because the stigma was described as bifid, but he had
not seen specimens. It is a very dubious species.
Area of distribution: Mexico and Texas to extratropical South America;
Chile; Masatierra.
Scirpus L.
16. S. nodosus Rottb. — JoHow, Estud. 142.
Masatierra: In some places near the sea, but more often seen on open,
devastated ground or on the high ridges, always local and only collected before
by PHILIPPI, MOSELEY and the writer (1908). — El Pangal, west branch, on
barren slopes; V. Colonial, near the road to Portezuelo, 325 m; C. Salsipuedes,
edge of the forest c. 600 m (fl. 7°/12 16, no. 174); Pto Ingles, on the beach and
on the central ridge; Q. Juanango; Q. Villagra, not uncommon (past fl. °/1 17,
no. 238), and westward to B. Chupones.
Masafuera: CUMING! JOHOW. — Abundant along the east coast from
Toltén to Playa Ancha (past fl. Feb. 1917, no. 513).
Area of distribution: Widely dispersed in the south temperate zone,
circumpolar.
17. S. cernuus Vahl. — SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 23.
Masatierra: Wet places along the coast, first found be the writer in
B. del Padre, 1908. — Outer part of El Pangal, mats in the stream (fl. ’*/12 16,
no. 98) and at the waterfall in the bottom of the gorge (fl.—fr. '/1 17, no. 222);
B. Cumberland, wet grassy swamps near the sea (fl.—fr. **/i2 16, no. 99, fr. ?°/12 16,
no. 1171); Q. Juanango, in the stream; B. del Padre, on the beach; outlet of a
small stream near the foot of Co Negro; small stream west of El Yunque;
B. Chupones, dry stream bed.
*Masafuera: Q. de la Loberia (fl.-fr. ‘7/2 17, no. 522). — New for Masafuera.
Very variable in size; no. 222 reaches a length of 40 cm, probably the
largest form ever recorded (»culmi 3—18 cm» acc. to CLARKE, Cyper. chil. 28).
Area of distribution: Subcosmopolitan.
Heleocharis R. Br.
18. H. maculosa (Vahl) R. Br. subsp. fuscopurpurea (Steud.) Kiikenth.
Cyp. Nov. V. 432. — Syn. Jsolepis fuscopurpurea Steud., H. vincentina Clarke
l. c.; A. melanocephala, JoHOw, Estud. 143? — Fig. 3 a.
Masatierra: B. Cumberland, grassy swamp along a small stream (fl.-fr.
11/12 16, no. 97).
I think REED’s specimens, cited under 7. melanocephala by JoHOw, belong
here. CLARKE quotes PHILIPPI no. 51 for Juan Fernandez, but PHILIPPI is not
listed as collector by JOHoW, and CLARKE quotes the same number for speci-
mens from Talca in Chile.
106 CARL SKOTTSBERG
var. irritans Kikenth. 1. c.
Masatierra, outlet of a small stream near the foot of Co Negro, abundant
(feign t/t 74-082 31):
Larger, with light yellowish brown spikes. I dare say this is what JOoHOW
l. c. calls A. maculosa, first found by REED and later by JOHOw in B. del Padre,
where I have sought for it in vain.
Area of distribution: Subsp. fuscopurpurea is known from South Chile
and Masatierra, but H/. maculosa is quoted for the Antilles, Brazil and Chile.
Oreobolus R. Br.
*19. O. obtusangulus Gaud.
Masafuera: Los Inocentes, forming large compact cushions, 1375—1500 m
(fr. ®’/s 17, no. 384). — An important addition to the magellanic element.
Area of distribution: Andes of New Granada and Ecuador to Cape Horn;
Falkland Islands; Masafuera.
Cladium P. Br.
20. C. scirpoideum (Steud.) Benth. et Hook. f. — JoHow, Estud. 143.
Masatierra: Streams, waterfalls and other moist places in the forest belt,
not at all so rare as indicated by JOHOW, but found in many places in the
central parts of the island. — El Pangal, by the waterfall, c. 200 m (fl. 7/1 17,
no. 224; also JOHOW); north-east precipice of Co Damajuana, 500—550 m; the
gap between Damajuana and Yunque, abundant on wet rocks, c. 600 m (fl.
18/42 16, no. 163); Plazoleta del Yunque (JOHOW); Portezuelo de Vilagra, one
specimen just behind the Selkirk tablet, with Gunmnera bracteata (past. fl. **/1 17,
no. 359); C. Salsipuedes, edge of the forest, rare,.630 m (past fl. 8/12 16, no. 72);
Pto Ingles, central ridge, c. 470 m; Q. Juanango, at the brook, 215 m (fl.-past
fl. °/4 17, no. 602); Q. Villagra, wet rocks in the stream, 240 m, 160 m; Q. de la
Choza, wet rock in the forest, c. 400 m.
According to KUKENTHAL, in letter to the writer, this species is nearest
related to C. angustifolium (Gaud.) Benth. et Hook. f. from Hawaii and Tahiti.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Uncinia Pers.
*21. U. brevicaulis Thouars.
Masafuera: Alpine fell-fields in the northern half of the highland; the
Correspondencia Camp, 1130 m (°/s 17, no. 269 b), and a few hundred m north
of this place (79/2 17, no. 369c); Las Torres, on rocks, 1370 m (‘4/2 17, no.
369). Everywhere with unripe achenes. — Another addition to the magellanic
element.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 107
Area of distribution: South Chile, Valdivia to West Patagonia and
Fuegia; Masafuera; Andine Patagonia (very rare); Falkland Islands; Tristan da
Cunha; St. Paul's and Amsterdam Islands.
22. U. Douglasii Boott. — JOoHow, Estud. 144.
Masatierra: Common in the forest belt, in all the valleys from Pto
Frances to Q. Juanango, but rarely seen below 200 m; also on the south side
of the island; in dense forests or in open glades (fl.-fr. Dec. 1916, nos. 47,
56, 189).
Masafuera: Common in the forest patches and in the damp gorges, 200
—500 m, from Q. Sanchez to Q. de la Loberia (unripe fr. Feb. 1917, nos.
463, 487).
Area of distribution: Endemic.
é
, \
{
‘
\
\ |
|
f
j \
CB
it
\ i t / .
\ WoL)/ VY
mY
a 7 b
Fig. 3. a Heleocharis *fuscopurpurea, bract, X 6, flower and fruit, X 12. b Uncinia costata,
utricle, bract and pistil, X 6.
*23. U. costata Kikenth. Cyp. nov. V. 433. — Fig. 3 b.
Masafuera: Q. Loberia, stony ground in forest, 280 m, with the preceding.
A very distinct species, well separated from U. Douglaszz, to which it is
related.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
*24. U. phleoides Pers.
Masafuera: in the fern beds at the Correspondencia Camp, 1130 m, rare
(fr. ?°/2, °/3 17, no. 370). — New for Juan Fernandez.
Dr. KUKENTHAL brought my specimens to var. zux nigra C. B. Clarke;
this is not a very distinct variety, and part of my material might equally well
be classed with the typical form.
Area of distribution: The Andes from Columbia to Patagonia; Chile;
Masafuera. |
*25. U. tenuis Poepp. f. frmula Kiikenth. Cyp. nov. V. 433.
Masafuera: In the alpine fell fields, probably not uncommon. — Las
Torres, 1370 m (fr. disp. '*/2 17, no. 1173); C. del Barril, g25—1290 m (fr. */s 17,
108 CARL SKOTTSBERG
no. 561); Los Inocentes, on the summit, c. 1500 m (fr. °/3 17, no. 382) and on
lower slopes, 900 m (fr. ??/2 17, no. 1172). — New for Juan Fernandez.
Area of distribution: Costa Rica; Masafuera; South Chilean Andes to
Cape Horn; the new form only on Masafuera.
Carex L.
*26. C. Banksii Boott.
Masafuera: Alpine fell-fields near Las Torres, 1350—1370 m (fr. 4/2 17,
no. 393). — New for Juan Fernandez.
Area of distribution: Andes of Santiago; Mendoza; South Chile to Fuegia.
27. CC. Berteroniana Steud. — Syn. C. paleata Boott; JoHoW, Estud. 144,
Masatierra, in the eastern half of the island, not uncommon in the forest
belt; Pto Frances (JoHow), Loma del Incienso, in brushwood, 360 m; C. Centi-
nela, forest patch, c. 300 m; El Pangal, near the waterfall, 200 m; Portezuelo
de Villagra, scattered along the ridges (JoHow; fl.-fr. Dec. 1916, nos. 5, 37);
C. Salsipuedes, in thickets (fr. 8/12 16, no. 85); Q. Juanango, edge of forest;
Q. Villagra (fl. 9/1 17, no. 37 b). — Variable in size: 37 and 37b are slender
forms, 5 and 85 very large ones with unusually large female spikes.
Masafuera: GERMAIN! — Q. de las Casas, not uncommon in the canyon
(fr. **/2 17, no. 453); Q. del Blindado, 440 m in the forest; Q. Angosta; Q. de la
Loberia, open forest, 280 m.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Palmae.
Juania Drude.
28. J. australis (Mart.) Drude. — JoHOw, Estud. 145. — Fig. 4.
Masatierra: Through the whole of the forested region, not seen by us
at a lower altitude than 190 m but reaching the highest crests. As was stated
Fig. 4. /Jwania australis: a
side of same, d
. and one stamen, b inside of same, anthers removed, c out-
Heal ees e frit, 4/6 nat. sizer Seed) a1 “}e:
es
ov fl
2
by JoOHOW, Yuanza is not at all on the verge of extinction, but it is true that
it has become very rare in places of easy access. So great is the interest
taken in this palm that I find it worth while to enumerate the localities where
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 109g
it was observed by us: Pto Frances, c. 360 m, several trees, c. 500 m, rather
common; C. Chifladores, on the ridge; ridge between Q. de la Piedra Agujereada
and Q@. Laura, 600—650 m, numerous trees; C. Centinela, not uncommon; in
the depression between Damajuana and Yunque, c. 600 m, some trees; QO. Dama-
juana, c. 250 m, rare; slopes of El Yunque; V. Colonial, Q. Gutierrez, c. 300 m,
one tree (no. 50); Q. del Monte Maderugo, rare; Q. Seca, 435 m, one tree;
northwest slope of Co Piramide, 600 m, a few trees; on the inaccessible crests
round Portezuelo, 600—650 m, many groups; C. Salsipuedes, solitary specimens
600—650 m; Pto Ingles, west quebrada, several groups from 190 m and upwards
(fl.-fr. ?°/1 17, no. 310 ¢', 314 ); south side of the island, high cliffs east of
Yunque, scattered in the altitude of 7—800 m (fr. March 1917); B. Villagra,
Q. de la Choza, 3—400 m, numerous trees.
DRUDE placed Fuania in the subtribe Iriarteae, but the male flowers, first
found by JOHOW, are symmetrical and the stigma almost apical. It comes
nearer to Morenieae, but it differs from both in being strictly dioecious. It
seems better to make it the type of a separate subtribe.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra; monotypic.
Bromeliaceae.
Greigia Regel.
29. G. Berteroi nov. spec. — Syn. 77//andsza spec., BERTERO in Ann.
sc. nat. XXI1.348.
Truncus lignosus inferne longe repens nec non radicans, dein curvato-
adscendens et erectus, ad metrum et ultra longus, circ. 3 cm crassus, vaginis
foliorum castaneis dense vestitus, apice rosulam sat magnam foliorum gerens.
Folia linearia, membranacea, 75—90 cm longa, basi in vaginam ad 25 mm latam
sensim dilatata, supra basin 10—12 mm lata, dein sensim latiora, medio ad
18 mm lata, dein sensim angustata, acutissima, longissime aculeata et apice
debiliter pungentia, margine a basi ad 3/4 long. inermia, versus apicem aculeis
unguiformibus minutis circ. '/2 mm longis parce munita, supra glaberrima, laete
viridi-lactea, subtus argenteo-paleacea. Cetera ignota.
Masatierra: BERTERO! — Gorge above Pangal, c. 660 m, on humid soil
in dark Dicksonia-forest; one specimen growing on a fallen trunk. According
to some of the islanders, the same plant has been observed on the high crest
south of Pto Ingles.
After a diligent search in many places, we rediscovered this extremely
rare plant in a very remote corner. Unfortunately, none of the few specimens
observed were fertile, nor did they show any sign of ever having produced
flowers. Possibly the inflorescence is terminal, and the plant attains a great
age before it flowers. The stem is simple, or perhaps branched at an early
date, the branches becoming separated. The shoot is perhaps monocarpic.
On BERTERO’s specimen in Kew is written: »Folia maxime similia Gregza
Pearcet Mez, vide Bromel. 47», very likely written by MEZ, who quotes the
Kew specimen. The vagina is broader in G. Berteroi, and it differs from other
IIO CARL SKOTTSBERG
species in its caulescent habit; it is of the same morphological type as the
rosulate dwarf trees of which there are so many in these islands.
In spite of being unable to give a full description of this peculiar plant,
I have thought it better to give it a name: it is certainly not identical with
any other, and I do not think it will have to be transferred to another genus,
if not to a new one.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Ochagavia Phil.
30. O. elegans Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 149. — Fig. 5 a.
Masatierra: On rocky ridges from near sea level to the highest crests,
not seldom covering the steep cliffs in warm, sunny situations. Pto Frances
(JoHow); El Pangal, on the walls of
the canyon, c. 200 m; between Pangal
and V. Anson, slope near the sea,
c. 50 m (a form with longer leaves);
the Damajuana ridge, c. 500 m; be-
tween Damajuana and Yunque, 580m;
Co Piramide, 550—650 m, abundant
in places (fl. Dec. 1916, mow2i)- we
Colonial, Q. del Monte Maderugo,
steep rocks, 390 m; C. Salsipuedes,
465 m, large patch; ridge between
Vaqueria and Juanango, c. 300 m;
Morro Juanango (JOHOW), abundant;
north slope of Co Tres Puntas, very
abundant (also JOHOW).
Fig. 5. a Ochagavia elegans, flower, nat. size. MeEZ, DC. Monogr. Phanerog.
b—e Luzula *insularis, b flower in fruit, c outer JTX,.366, reduced Ochagavia to Rhodo-
(with stamen) and inner tepal, d capsule and seed, : F
e bract, all x 10. stachys. It is a matter of taste if we
follow him or not. Ochagavia was
described in Bot. Zeitung 1856, Ahodostachys in Linnaea 1857; the difference
between them is slight, the epigynous tube being more than twice as long in
the former, reaching a length of 12—15 mm. The stem is much more elongated,
clothed with leaves, the stamens shorter or as long as the petals, which are of
a deep violet-crimson. The inflorescence is a short compact spike.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra; monotypic.
Juncaceae.
Luzula DC.
31. L. racemosa Desv. (sp. coll.) subsp. insularis nov. subsp. — Syn.
L. cfr. alopecurus, SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 24. — Fig. 5 b—e.
Dense caespitosa, ad 50 cm alta, erecta robusta. Folia ad 15 cm longa,
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS III
plana, plerumque 5—8 mm lata, margine dense ac longissime albo villosa, apice
acuta subpungentia. Inflorescentia erecta, adulta subnutans, ovoidea—cylindrica,
sat compacta, foliis 2—3 sat longis et latis instructa, interdum spicula infima
remota et longius pedunculata; spiculae compositae ovoideo-cylindricae vel
conicae, bracteis bracteolisque pallidis subhyalinis longe ciliatis. Flores ad
3 mm longi, tepalis integris, externis ovato-lanceolatis, + convolutis, apice mani-
feste aristato-acuminatis, 2,s—3 mm longis, castaneis margine pallido, internis
2,s—2,6 mm longis acute acuminatis. Stamina 3 perigonio multo_breviora,
antherae oblongae 0,,—0,5 mm, filamentis duplo breviores. Stylus brevis, 0,3 mm
longus, stigmata longa. Capsula nigro-castanea, trigono-sphaeroidea, apiculata,
perigonio multo brevior. Semina minuta oblique fusiformia, ferruginea, basi et
apice luteola, 0,s—1 mm longa.
Masafuera: In the alpine region, rare. — The high ridges north of the
Casas valley, from 1000 m upwards; more common at Las Torres, 1350—1370 m
(fr, 1*4/2—*°/2 17, no. 408); west wall of the island; C. del Barril, 1290 m.
L. racemosa was established on specimens from the high volcanic peaks of
Mexico, collected by HUMBOLDT and by SCHIEDE, see KUNTH Enum. PI. II.313.
L. vulcanica Liebm., of which I have seen authentic material (Herb. Upsal.)
seems to be the same and was also referred to L. racemosa by BUCHENAU.
These plants agree very well with the description, so I conclude that the
Mexican species is the true racemosa. KUNTH did not know this from Peru
or Chile, nor was it included in GAy’s Bot. VI. BUCHENAU, in Pflanzenreich,
Juncac. 75 gave as area of distribution Mexico—Chile, and there are specimens
from Fuegia in Herb. Upsal. under the name of ZL. racemosa, determined by him.
The position assigned to the insular form is entirely provisional. I am
sure it has little or nothing to do with the Mexican plant, which has very narrow
leaves, a slender, almost filiform culm, long ciliated tepals, very short stamens
(less than half the length of the perigone) and a light brown capsule with very
thin, papyraceous walls. If we had only the Mexican plant to consider, the
form from Masafuera would never have been classed as a subspecies of L. race-
mosa. But according to BUCHENAU this is also a Chilean plant, occurring in
several forms down to Fuegia, all, however, unlike the Mexican one in habit.
Many authors and collectors have followed BUCHENAU in bringing specimens
from the southern Andes to LZ. racemosa. In 1908 I collected such forms in
West Patagonia and in Skyring Water. ZL. *7zsularis differs from them as
well as from all other forms from the continent, that I have seen, in the broader
leaves, the more compact panicle, the longer tepals ete. On the other hand,
the forms of Chilean racemosa differ from each other in several respects, such
as the length of the filaments and size of the anthers, which are twice as large
in the form from West Patagonia as in the Skyring plant. Again, one plant
collected in Fuegia by DusEN (no. 584) and determined by BUCHENAU has
the tepals hardly longer than the capsule, thus recalling L. chzlenszs.- 1 have
not seen authentic material of the latter species. It differs from L. racemosa
in possessing 6 stamens, larger anthers (as long as the filaments), and larger
seeds (I—2 mm).
It is probable that the Chilean Z. racemosa differs from the Mexican; it
is evident that it includes more than one subspecies or species. When bringing
Eiez CARL SKOTTSBERG
the island type to this, I have followed BUCHENAU, for it has 3 stamens and
a long perigone. I cannot undertake to revise the whole group, for which very
extensive material is necessary; I can only express the opinion that, when a
revision is made, ZL. racemosa in BUCHENAU’s sense will not stand.
Area of distribution: Typical form only in Mexico; other forms (or spe-
cies?) along the Andes to Fuegia; Masafuera.
Juncus L.
32. J. imbricatus Laharpe. — Syn. ¥. Chamissonis, JOHOW, Estud. 151.
Masatierra: V. Colonial (JoHOW), grassy slopes near the sea (fr. 11/12 16,
no. 108; '"/12 16, no. 108b); B. Villagra; B. Chupones, stony ground (fr. °/1 17,
no. 245).
The specimens correspond to var. Chamiissonzs (Kth) Buch., which is hardly
separable even as a variety, as ill-defined transitions occur. The flowers show
the size of the typical species, as described by BUCHENAU. The habit is
variable; no. 108 has culms 15—25 cm high and a dense inflorescence, no. 108 b
reaches a hight of 55 cm and has a rather lax inflorescence.
Area of distribution: Ecuador to South Chile; Masatierra; Argentina;
Uruguay.
#332, J. capillaceus Lam.
Masatierra: East side of V. Colonial, swampy ground near the sea (fl.-fr.
9/12 16, no. 201). — Perhaps a recent introduction and not truly indigenous.
Area of distribution: Ecuador; Central Chile; Masatierra; Argentina;
Uruguay.
34. J. acutus L. — JOoHOow, Estud. 150.
Masatierra: SCOULER! — Pto Ingles, central ridge (fl. ?°/1 17, no. 312;
f. laxior, no. 312 b); La Vaquerfa, open ground (fr. °/4 17, no. 598); stream west
of Co Yunque; B. Chupones, on a slope covered with Rumex acetosella.
JoHow believed that this species had been accidentally introduced and
that it disappeared from the island soon after, as nobody except SCOULER had
seen it. As we have seen, it is distributed over a large part of the island, and
nothing enforces us to suppose that it came there with the human traffic.
Area of distribution: West and South Europe; Atlantic Islands; North
Africa; the Cape; California; Central Chile; Masatierra; South Brazil; Uruguay;
Argentina.
35. J. Dombeyanus Gay. — JoHow, Estud. 151. — Syn. F. fernandest-
anus Steud. Syn. plant. glum. II. 302.
Masatierra: GERMAIN! PuHILIppI! — B. Tierras Amarillas, rare (fl.-fr.
5/7 17, no. 242). — Belongs to a typzcus Buch.
According to JoHow, ¥. mzcrocephalus Kunth is also found, coll. by
SCOULER, DOUGLAS, BERTERO, REED and MOSELEY, but ‘he had only seen
REED’s specimens, so that I suppose he followed HEMSLEY in bringing all to
THE PHANEROGAMS OF .THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS I13
microcephalus. WWEMSLEY was of the opinion that this hardly differs from Dom-
deyanus. The main difference lies in the size of the head. FUENTES, Revis.
Fl. Chil. Junc. 27 speaks of transitional forms between the two among the
material from Juan Fernandez. I do not think typical mzcrocephalus has been
collected in the islands.
Area of distribution: Peri; Chile; Masatierra; Uruguay.
*36, J. planifolius R. Br.
Masatierra: V. Colonial, small stream at the foot of the chapel hill (past
fe /5'3° 16, ‘no. 185).
Probably of recent introduction, perhaps with water-birds occasionally
visiting Juan Fernandez; belongs to gexuznus Buch., a broad-leaved form of this
with sheath to 12 and blade to 9 mm wide.
Area of distribution: Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand; South Chile;
Masatierra.
Iridaceae.
Libertia Spreng.
37. L. formosa Grah. — Syn.: var. grandiflora (Phil.), JoHow, Estud. 150.
Masatierra: barren slopes and rocky ridges, not uncommon. — Co Dama-
juana, on the north side, c. 500 m; V. Colonial, common from 200 m to Porte-
zuelo (beg. fl. */12 16, no. 13), more local: at a lower altitude; C. Central,
c. 570 m; Q. Seca, c. 400 m; C. Salsipuedes, frequent; Villagra; B. Chupones.
Masafuera: on the cliffs near the sea and also in the canyons, common;
here and there in the alpine region. — Q. del Pasto; Q. de las Casas; Q. del
las Vacas (fr. 1*/2 17, no. 427); Q. Angosta; Q. del Varadero; Tierras Blancas;
Q. de la Loberia (also in the open forest); scattered in the highlands; greatest
altitude observed, c. 1400 m.
PHILIPPI argued that his ZL. grandiflora differed from formosa in the denser
fascicles and the much larger flowers, and in the not cordate or retuse petals.
I cannot find any difference between them, The flowers of the island plant
are about 22 mm across, the sepals 8 mm long, the petals 16,5 X 14 mm, but
smaller in many cases, the filaments 8—8,6 mm, their tube about 2,5 mm long,
the anthers 3 mm. In most cases I found the petals distinctly emarginate and
with a broad rounded, sometimes subcordate base. Plants grown from seeds,
collected in the islands, have smaller flowers than the largest wild ones, but
are otherwise quite typical.
L. formosa is very near L. elegans Poepp. Cultivated specimens of the
latter flowered at the same time in the Gothenburg Garden; the most notable
difference lies in the sepals, which are white, almost translucent at the base
and crowned by a long, convolute, brown apex, while they are green, more or
less pale at the base, obtusate and without acumen in L. formosa. The petals
are not emarginate in e/egans, the filaments measure 10 and the anthers 4 mm.
The pollen is dark yellow in this, but sulphureous in formosa.
Area of distribution: South Chile; Juan Fernandez.
8 — 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
114 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Piperaceae.
Peperomia Ruiz et Pavon.
38. P. Berteroana Mig. — JOHow, Estud. 121.
Masatierra: Moist, shady woods, more numerous in altitudes above 300 m.
North slope of Co Damajuana, c. 500 m; V. Colonial, C. Central, c. 500 m;
Portezuelo de Villagra (JOHOW), on the rocks near the pass and in the woods
on both sides (fl. Dec. 1916, no. 38); Q. del Monte Maderugo, rocks in the
forest, 390 m; Q. Salsipuedes, Dzcksonza-forest, c. 650 m (fl.—fr. 8/12 16, no. 96);
Pto Ingles (JOHOW), central ridge, c. 380 m (fl.-fr. ?°/1 17, no. 321); Q. Juanango,
at the foot of the high waterfall; mountain ridge west of Co Yunque, c. 500m
(fl. **/s 17, no. 628); Q. Villagra, low hill near the camp, c. 2co m (f. hérsuta,
no. 261); Q. de la Choza, wet rock in the forest, c. 400 m.
Masafuera: Q. de las Vacas (no. 394, also JOHOW); Q. Angosta, in the
gorge by a waterfall; QO. del Varadero; Q. de la Loberia. — Specimens from
this island, all found on rock ledges in the canyons, are small and have smaller,
less obovate, almost rhomboidal leaves. My material is sterile, and I do not know
if the differences are of systematic importance.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
39. P. margaritifera Bert. ex Hook. Icon. Plant. I, t. 91. — JoHow,
Estud. 122.
Masatierra: BERTERO! GERMAIN! — El Pangal, in the bottom of the
gorge c. 210 m, in wet soil on a rock wall, where water trickles down (fl. 7/1 17,
no. 220); Q. Juanango, at the foot of the high waterfall, wet soil between stones,
C..225.m (fl. 62a 175.0. ,615);
Discovered by BERTERO »en las pendientes sombrias de los cerros mas
elevados» and found again by GERMAIN. It probably grows in the foggy region
and descends into some of the damp gorges. The specimens from Juanango
have pilose leaves, with long stiff hairs spread over the entire lower surface,
denser along the midrib; on the upper surface there are a few hairs scattered
along the nerves. The margin is lined with hairs except near the base. These
plants agree with the type as described and figured by HOOKER. The Pangal
specimens are larger with longer spikes and glabrous leaves, the margin often
pilose toward the tip. The leaves are conspicuously thinner. This I regard as
a form of extreme shade and moisture.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
40. P. Skottsbergii C. DC. in SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 20. — Syn. P. marga-
ritifera, JOHOW ex p., Estud. 122. — Plate Io.
Masafuera: in the canyon of Q. de las Casas, moist ledges, caves and
overhanging rocks, rare (fl. 74/2 17, no. 477). Also collected by JoHow and by
the writer in 1908; the only locality known.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS I1t5
41. P. fernandeziana Mig. — JoHow, Estud. 122.
Masatierra: In the forested region, not uncommon, but not observed at
a lower altitude than 400 m. — The ridge between Q. Laura and Q. de la
Piedra Agujereada, c. 500 m; small valley above El Pangal, c. 660 m; slopes
of Co Damajuana, c. 500 m; Q. Damajuana, 345 m (fl. °°/12 16, no. 211); slopes
of El Yunque (also JoHow); V. Colonial, C. Central, c. 4oo m, epiphytic; Q.
del Monte Maderugo, c. 500 m; northeast side of Co Piramide, 580 m, on the
ground and on trees (fl. 15/19 16, no. 140); Portezuelo de Villagra, on both sides;
Q. Salsipuedes (also REED), c. 650 m (fl. *°/12 16, no. 169); Pto Ingles, on the
central ridge, 470 m, epiphytic. An aberrant form with leaves almost inter-
mediate in shape between this and P. margaritifera was found below Portezuelo
(sterile, no. 1202).
Masafuera: In the forest near Las Chozas; Q. del Mono, in forest, 475 m;
Q. de las Casas (JoHOW), under overhanging rocks (fl. ’'/2 17, no. 418); Q. de
las Vacas; Q. del Blindado, rocks in the forest 440 m; C. del Barril c. 750 m
under rocks; east slope of Los Inocentes, 840 m, in fern forest.
Area of distribution: Chile, Frai Jorge and Valdivia; Juan Fernandez.
’
(Of P. nummulariaefolia Griseb. there is a specimen in Herb. Santiago
labelled Juan Fernandez, but without locality, date or collector. See JonHow,
Estud. 122. I exclude it from the list.)
Urticaceae.
Untica, L:
42. U. Masafuerae Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 123.
Masafuera: GERMAIN! Oct. 1854, very common in some places according
to a communication from the discoverer to JOHOW.
A small annual, very like U. Berteroana (=U. echinata Benth. acc. to
Index Kewensis), but glabrous except for the calyx and a sparse and coarse
indument on the leaves. We did not see a trace of this plant; probably it is
a spring herb of short duration.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
43. U. fernandeziana (Rich.) Ross; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 20. — Syn. U.
glomerulaeflora Steud., JOoHOwW, Estud. 123.
Masatierra, rare: BERTERO! GERMAIN! — V. Colonial, small quebrada
on the west side (SKOTTSBERG 1908); south side of Portezuelo de Villagra,
550 m, two specimens observed near the road (fl-fr. 1°/1 17, no. 220).
Masafuera: first found by the writer in 1908. — Q. de las Chozas, Deck-
sonia-grove; ©. del Mono, in the forest, 475 m (fl.-fr. 12/2 17, no. 478); near
the road to Las Chozas, c. 450 m; Q. del Blindado, in forest, 370 m, 440 m (fl.-fr.
19/2 17, no, 1203); Las Torres, fern bed among rocks, 1370 m; C. del Barril, under
rocks, 985 m; east slope of Los Inocentes, burnt place in fern thicket, c. 800 m.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
116 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Boehmeria Jacq.
44. B. excelsa (Bert. ex Steud.) Wedd. — JoHow, Estud. 124.
Masatierra: The characteristic tree of the river beds, in groups along
the streams in the valleys; forms the westernmost forest patch in the island. —
Pto Frances (JoHOW); El Rabanal; El Pangal, common near the entrance
(fl. ‘1/12 16, no. 105 9, 106 g); Q. Damajuana, c. 200 m, scattered trees (fl. °/12 16,
no. 58 2); Plazoleta del Yunque, not uncommon (also JoHow); V. Colonial,
slopes of C. Central, c. 400 m; Q. Seca, stray specimens, 300 m; Pto Ingles,
west branch, fine groups by the stream in the flat part of the valley; O. Juanango,
215 m; Q. Villagra, some small trees, c. 400 m; Q. de la Choza, solitary trees
in dense forest, c. 250 m; foot of Co Chumacera, small pure stand.
Monoecious; generally the branchlets are either ¢ or 2; male flowers
were not observed in female glomerules, but in male ones, which seem to be
much rarer, single female flowers occurred.
Unfortunately, I have not found ripe fruits. Habitually, it is very like
B. dealbata Cheesem. from the Kermadec Islands, as well as other Pacific spe-
cies, to which &. eacelsa probably is nearly related. It has also the appearance
of Pipturus albidus Gray from Hawaii, but as far as can be judged from flowers
only it is a true Boehmeria.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Parietaria L.
45. P. debilis Forst. — Syn. P. humifusa, Rich., JoHow, Estud. 124.
Masatierra: B. del Padre, stony beach, faded (7°/1 17, no. 297).
Masafuera: on the beach between Casas and Mono ('°/2 17, no. 1208;
JoHOW collected it near this place); Q. de las Casas, walls of the canyon, scarce
(fl. °/3 17, no. 368); Q. Angosta, in the gorge by a small waterfall.
Area of distribution: Subcosmopolitan.
Loranthaceae.
Phrygilanthus Eichl.
46. P. Berteroi (Hook. et Arn.) Reiche. — Syn. Loranthus Berterot Hook.
et Arn., JOHOW, Estud. 126.
Masatierra: BERTERO! BRIDGES! Parasitic, according to the former, on
Myrceugenia, the commonest forest tree.
We greatly regret having been unable to rediscover this interesting plant.
It is certainly very rare. I hardly think that any of the islanders, of which many
spend a great deal of their time in the woods, had ever seen this, and only
very few had heard of its existence, while all of them were very familiar with
other species of the same genus, known as »quintral» on the mainland.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 117
Santalaceae.
Santalum L.
47. S. fernandezianum F. Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 127.
Masatierra: last seen in Pto Ingles, August 1908, by the writer.
In 1882 D. SEPULVEDA rediscovered the sandal wood, long thought extinct,
in Pto Ingles, where, according to what he told me, he cut two trees at a low
altitude above sea level. Shortly afterwards another person is said to have
found one tree near Portezuelo. I do not know who destroyed this. Later
(1892?) P. ARREDONDO found another tree in Pto Ingles about 300 m above sea
level, and in January or February 1892 he brought JoHow to the spot. There
are specimens in his herbarium from the same tree gathered by SOHRENS 1895.
In August, 1908, ARRENDONDO’s son GUILLERMO accompanied me to the locality.
From 1892 to 1908 no second specimen had been discovered. I gave an account
of this last tree in Svensk Bot. Tidskr., 1910. When we arrived in Masatierra in
1916, we were met by the sad news that the tree had died and become cut up,
so that nothing remained. Numerous pieces of the wood were offered for sale.
Masafuera: Pieces of semi-fossil wood have been found in Q. del Sandalo
(P. GUTIERREZ, G. ARREDONDO), Q. del Sandalito and Q. del Varadero
(GUTIERREZ).
We do not know if the Sazta/um once growing in Masafuera was conspe-
cific with S. fernandeztanum, for nobody has seen leaves or flowers.
Area of distribution: Endemic. Apparently extinct.
Chenopodiaceae.
Chenopodium L.
48. Ch. Sanctae Clarae Joh.; JoHow, Estud. 119. — Fig. 6a, 7a—e.
Santa Clara: Almost confined to a small rock, called Morro del Spartan
by JoHow, M. de los Alelies by the fishermen from Masatierra, separated from
the island by a narrow channel which is nearly dry at low tide (BERTERO;
JoHow, fl. 18/6 1895! fr. 2°/1 17, no. 344).
As Jouow’ s description of the flower is very short and as I have Peet
two new species of the same insular type, I have found it necessary to add
the following observations.
Arborescens, humile. Folia triangulari-ovata vel ovata, apice late rotun-
data, obtusa—obtusissima, margine irregulariter et grosse sinuato-dentata dentibus
rotundato-obtusis; folia ramorum juvenilium majora, lamina 50—90 X 30—60 mm,
petiolo 30—45 mm longo. Panicula gynomonoeca; floribus § circ. I,6 mm diam.
tepalis suborbicularibus circ. I mm longis, margine late hyalino saepe irregula-
riter dentato, dorso eximie calloso-costatis, praecipue ad basin pilis vesiculosis
vestitis. Stamina maturitate breviter exserta, antheris 0,4, mm longis. Ovarium
subglobosum, stylis 2 ad basin perfecte liberis. Flores Q minores tepalis
0,6—0,7 mm solum longis (dein paulo auctis); staminodia 5 minuta, Fructus
118 CARL SKOTYSBERG
Fig. 6. Leaves of a Chenopodium Sanctae Clarae, b Ch. Crusoeanum, ¢ Ch. nesodendron, 4 nat. size.
crasse lenticularis, apice subplano-convexus stylis patentibus. Semen horizon-
tale, lenticulare margine obtuso, nitidum, nigro-castaneum, minute punctulato-
striatum, I,2 mm latum et 0,; mm crassum.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Santa Clara.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 11g
*49. Ch. Crusoeanum nov. spec. — Fig. 6b, 7 f—k. Plate 11.
Frutescens, ad 50 cm vel paulo ultra altum, lignosum. Truncus in fissuris
rupium absconditus haud accessus, paulo supra basin ramosus, ramis crassiori-
bus ad g mm diam.; cortex griseo-viridis vel brunnescens, in ramis junioribus
etiam viridis, laevis. Folia versus apicem ramorum subconferta, inferiora mox
caduca, longe petiolata, 4o—80 mm longa et 20—45 mm lata, petiolo 15—30 mm
longo, ovato-triangularia, basi subtruncata vel late rhomboidea, apice rotundata—
rotundato-acuminata, sat obtusa, subintegra vel praecipue basin versus irregula-
riter dentata usque serrata denticulis brevibus acutis, supra viridia, subtus
glaucescentia pilis vesiculosis dense vestita; textura tenuis; nervi flavescentes
subtus prominuli. Inflorescentia gynomonoeca paniculata, in ramis terminalis,
aphylla, pyramidata, valde laxa ramis patentibus; flores subsolitarii; bracteae
minutae. Flores ¥% I,;—1I,; mm diam., tepalis late ovatis I—1I,2 mm _longis
cucullatis basi concretis, vesiculoso-pilosis, valde viridi-callosis, margine hyalino
sat irregulari. Stamina primo inclusa dein breviter exserta, filamentis tepalis
paulo longioribus vel aequilongis, thecis ovoideis 0,;—0,8 mm longis. Ovarium
ovoideo-subglobosum vel ovoideo-conicum, 0,6 mm altum, apice subiter contrac-
tum stylobasin formans; styli 2 liberi erecto-patentes, e basi incrassata filifor-
mes. Flores 2 tepalis aliquantum minoribus haud 1 mm longis (dein auctis),
staminodiis 5 minutis. Fructus lenticularis, 1,;—1,6 mm diam., stylopodio
distincto stylisque erectis, pericarpio opaco punctulato. Semen fere ut in prae-
cedente.
Masatierra: on a rather inaccessible mountain wall in the bottom of the
Pangal gorge, in fissures c. 220 m, rare (fl.-fr. '/1 17, no. 227).
Differs from Ch. Sanctae Clarae in the more slender habit, the shape of
the leaves and fruit etc., as seen from my description and figures.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
*50. Ch. nesodendron nov. sp. — Fig. 6c, 7 l—-o.
Arbor vera quamquam pumila, ad 2,8 m alta visa; truncus primarius cras-
sus, paulo supra basin ad 12 cm diam., usque ad apicem + distinctus, tota
longitudine ramis vestitus, inferioribus mortuis; cortex viridis — viridi-stramineus.
Folia versus apicem ramorum conferta, inferiora mox caduca, triangularia, basi
truncata vel angustata, breviter decurrentia, + longe et saepe permanifeste acumi-
nata, acuta, margine + profunde, grosse et irregulariter dentato-serrata sed
versus apicem saepius subintegra, dentibus acutis triangularibus, majoribus inter-
dum denticulis I—2 instructis; lamina supra viridi-flavescens, subtus viridi-
glauca vesiculoso-pilosa nervis pallidis prominulis; textura sat tenuis; lamina in
ramis florigeris (num. 550) circ. 30—40 X 20—25 mm, petiolo 15—50 mm longo,
in innovationibus (num. 523) majuscula, ad 80--95 mm longa et 45— 65 mm lata,
petiolo 34—45 mm longo. Panicula in ramis terminalis, pyramidata, 4—6 cm
alta, sat densa, gynomonoeca. Flores ¥ 1,3—I,5; mm diam., tepalis ovato-
lanceolatis obtusis valde cucullatis dorso crasse callosis margine late hyalinis +
denticulato-ciliatis. Stamina perigonio paulo longiora breviter exserta. Ovarium
ovoideo-conicum I,5 mm altum in rostrum longum productum; styli 2 basi sub-
incrassati valde patentes liberi. Flores 2 tepalis minoribus, staminodiis 5 minutis.
Fructus longe rostratus, 2—2,5 mm longus, I,5 mm diam., rostro I—1I,, mm
120 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Fig. 7. a—e Chenopodium Sanctae Clarae: a § fi., (pistil removed), and one tepal, b 9 fl. and
one tepal, c Q fl. showing staminodes, d pistil, e fruit. f—k Ch. Crusocanum: { § fl. and one
tepal, g @ fl, h @ fl. showing staminodes, i pistil, k fruit and tepal. 1—o Ch. nesodendron:
1% fl. and one tepal, m @ fl. showing staminodes, n pistil, o fruits. —
di, n. X30 alliothers S15:
longo, pericarpio tenui opaco punctulato. Semen fere ut in praecedentibus,
horizontale vel leviter obliquum, circ. 1,3 mm diam. et 0,7 mm crassum.
Masafuera: Slope near Las Chozas, c. 500 m (fr. #/3 17, no. 550); lower
slopes of Los Inocentes, in the grass and fern beds, c. 500 m; Q. de la Loberia,
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS E21
one large specimen in the gorge among rocks (no. 523). The species is every-
where persecuted by the indefatigable goats.
Differs from the other species in the much greater size, the shape of the
leaves and fruit, etc. Seeds from no. 550 were sown in the Gothenburg Garden
in 1918, the plants are quite typical, but have not yet produced flowers. Their
habit is truly arborescent.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
The three Juan Fernandez species of Chenopodium, each confined to a
single island, are related to Ch. paniculatum Hook. from North America, Perit
and Chile, ranging from 49° N. to 32° S. This is a polymorphic species that
was treated by J. MURR in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr., it is herbaceous or »halb-
strauchartig» and the leaves mostly entire. The island species are probably
also related to Ch. sandwicheum Moq. from Hawaii.
Salicornia L.
51. S. peruviana Kunth. — JoHow, Estud. 120.
Masatierra: here and there along the east and north sides of the island,
forming patches above the highwater line (fl. '°/1 17, no. 299).
Santa Clara (also observed by JOHOW).
Masafuera: GERMAIN; near entrance to Q. del Varadero and Q. Angosta;
Playa Ancha; Tierras Blancas (no. 433); Loberia Vieja (JOHOW).
Area of distribution: West coast of South America; Juan Fernandez.
Aizoaceae.
Tetragonia L.
52. T. expansa Murr. — JoHow, Estud. 116.
Stony beaches, rather uncommon.
Masatierra: Pta San Carlos, scattered (fl.-fr. ’’/:2 16, no. 126, also observed
by JoHow); B. del Padre (JOHOW).
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelfes (unr. fr. 7°/1 17, no. 347; also observed
by JOHOW).
*Masafuera: between Casas and Vacas (fl.-unr. fr. 1*/2 17, no. 512); Playa
Ancha (fr. ??/2 17, no. 1206). — New for this island.
Area of distribution: Coasts and islands of the Pacific.
Caryophyllaceae.
Spergularia Presl.
53. S.confertiflora Steud. Flora 1856,425. — S. rudra, JOHOW, Estud. 118.
STEUDEL based his species (erroneously called confertifolia by JOHOW) on
BERTERO no. 1431 from Masatierra: »floribus versus apicem ramorum axillaribus
122 CARL SKOTTSBERG
et terminalibus non paniculatis sed ob folia magis approximata confertioribus»,
thus a form with a contracted, leafy inflorescence. But BERTERO’s material
includes, under the same number (Herb. Kew!) another form with long, rather
lax, terminal cymes, and there are numerous transitions between these two
types. A similar form was described by PHILIPPI as Avenaria rubra var. poly-
Plylla (Masafuera, GERMAIN!). ROHRBACH, Linnaea XXX VII.232 considered this
to be a good species and called it Spergularia polyphylla (Phil.) Rohrb.: »hab. in
insulis Juan Fernandez et Masafuera (PHILIPPI)», but the specimens from Masa-
fuera were certainly not collected by PHILIPPI, who never visited this island,
so the statement probably refers to GERMAIN’s plant. In Herb. Santiago are
specimens collected in Masatierra by PHILIPPI (1861) and by REED (1872), but
I do not know which of these were considered by ROHRBACH to belong to
S. polyphylla. The species was characterized by the structure of the seed
test, the papillae were described as one-sided, flattened, often slightly curved.
REICHE, Flora I.197 retained this as 77ssa polyphylla (»Syn. S. confertiflora
Steud.»), but quoted plants from Masafuera only.
Another species to be considered here is S. vemotiflora Steud. |. c. 424
from Chile. According to the description this must be exactly like the lax form
of confertifiora. REICHE, however, brought it to 77ssa medza, without having
seen the type. As I have no means to revise the whole genus, I have retained
the island species as S. confertiflora. This is a correct name, given to a Juan
Fernandez plant collected by BERTERO; I have seen the type material and my
plants as well as those collected by PHILIPPI, JoHOW etc. belong to the same
species. HEMSLEY and JOHOW were of the opinion that all the forms found on
Juan Fernandez were varieties of S. subra Presl (S. campestris [L..] Aschers.),
which has become introduced into South America. But S. confertifiora is a
perennial, stout, lignified, almost shrubby species; in the axils are dense glomerules
of small leaves, giving to the stem the appearance of being clothed with leaves;
the stipules of two opposite leaves are entirely united into one interpetiolar
stipule on each side; the pedicels are never reflexed. I find it impossible to
regard the island species as only a form of S. campestris, but believe that it is
indigenous in Central Chile.
Habitually, S. confertiflora varies a great deal. It is contracted or Jax,
nearly glabrous or glandulose, the leaves long and narrow or short and broad,
the petals white or rosa. Undoubtedly it includes an aggregation of forms,
that ought to be cultivated in order to get an idea of their systematic value.
Two will be listed here under separate names, var. folyphylla in the sense of
ROHRBACH, with oblique seed papillae, and var. gladcrrima, a perfectly glabrous,
yellowish green form from Masafuera. I have sown seeds of one form from
Masatierra, and of folyphylla and glaberrima from Masafuera. The plants are
young and have not flowered (August, 1921); they are perfectly distinguishable
from each other.
KINDBERG, in his monograph, does not mention S. confertiflora or poly-
phylla, and REICHE does not quote the monograph, where several Chilean spe-
cies were described and figured.
Masatierra: lava beds of the sea coast, one of the very few plants thriving
on the dry, barren cliffs. Pta San Carlos (fl.-fr. 1/12 16, °/1 17, no. 123; also
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 123
observed by JOHOW); Pto Ingles; Tres Puntas (JOoHow); B. del Padre (fi.-fr,
151, 17, no. 296); Co Negro (fl.-fr. ‘/1 17, nos. 262, 266); Pta Larga; Tierras
Blancas (fl. °/s 17, BACKSTROM no. 1208).
Santa Clara, also observed by JoHOW; Morro de los Alelies (fl. *°/1 17,
no. 349).
var. polyphylla (Phil.) Skottsb.
Masatierra: PHILIPPI! REED!
Masafuera: GERMAIN! — Scattered along the coast from B. Toltén (fr.
7/2 17, no. 470) to Playa Ancha; common at the Casas entrance (fl.-fr. 1°/2 17,
no. 387); Q. del Varadero (fl. '®/3 17, no. 569). — Variable in habit, but generally
densely pubescent.
var. glaberrima nov. var. — Humilis, luteoviridis tota glaberrima, folia
carnosa sat lata, mucronata, subpungentia, stipulis interpetiolaribus late triangu-
latis apice + laceratis; inflorescentia compacta foliosa; petala alba; capsula
interdum sepalis paulo longior; semina parce tuberculata—sublaevia.
Masafuera: entrance to the Casas Valley (fl.-fr. '°/2 17, no. 411).
Area of distribution of S. confertiflora: Central Chile; Juan Fernandez.
Paronychia L.
54. P. chilensis DC. — JoHow, Estud. 118.
Masatierra: barren slopes in the west part of V. Colonial, rare (fr. Dec.
1916, no. 15); the treeless western slopes of the island (SOHRENS).
Remarkably enough this plant escaped the attention of all earlier visitors
except one; still, it may -not be of recent introduction.
Area of distribution; Chile, Coquimbo to Valdivia; Masatierra.
*Ranunculaceae.
Ranunculus L.
#55. KR. caprarum nov. spec. — Fig. 8.
Erectus, villosus, ad 0,75 m altus. Rhizoma sat breve, crassum, ramosum.
Folia basalia latissime vaginantia, longissime petiolata; lamina crasse chartacea,
obscure viridis, supra adpresse pilosa, subtus praecipue secus nervos longius
sericeo-villosa, nervis reticulato-palmatis subtus versus basin valde incrassatis,
ambitu cordato- vel reniformi-orbicularis, subpeltata, fere ad basin tripartita;
lacinia centralis jate cuneato-oblonga vel suborbicularis, + distincte lateque
petiolulata, ima basi cuneata, ad '/s—"/s trilobata, lobis + profunde lobulatis,
lobulis dentato-serratis; laciniae laterales rectangulato-semiorbiculares, subses-
siles, basi late cuneatae et integrae, ceterum inciso-lobatae, ]obulatae nec non
dentatae; petiolus costato-striatus, patente, longe nec non sat dense villosus,
crassus; vagina subglabra vel extus + adpresse pilosa. Folia majora visa petiolo
(cum vagina) 29—46 cm longo et circ. 5 mm crasso; vagina circ. 6—9 cm
124 CARL SKOTTSBERG
longa basi 3,5—4 cm lata; lamina 14—I9 cm longa et 17—23 cm lata. Caulis
sulcato-striatus, inferne villosus, superne minus hirsutus, repetiter ramosus. Folia
caulina inferiora pauca, basalibus + similia, sessilia sed longe vaginantia, pro-
fundius divisa; summa ornithopodioidea, brevissime vaginantia, profunde tripartita,
lobis subintegris. Flores sat numerosi, inflorescentiam subracemosam sat expansam
laxam foliosam formantes, pedunculo usque ad 5—6 cm longo, sub flore densius
villoso suffultii Sepala.... Petala.... Stamina.... Receptaculum ovoideo-
Fig. 8. a—e Ranunculus caprarum: a plant after a rough sketch from nature, much reduced;
b basal leaf, c cauline leaves, 4 nat. size; d receptacle, X 4; e three carpels, X 4, and cross
sections through carpel, X 6. f carpel of 7. hawazensis, g of RK. Haastit, X 4.
conicum, 4——6 mm longum, parce pilosum. Achaenia triangularia, valde com-
pressa, 6—7 mm longa et 3—4 mm lata, glabra; nux cuneato-lenticularis, versus
apicem late alato-marginata; ala in stylum apice filiformi-recurvum stigmati-
ferum attenuata.
Masafuera: near the goat track along the western precipice, north of the
Casas gorge, c. 1200—1300 m, rare (ripe fr. ° 7/3 17, no. 366).
I deeply regret having to describe this on incomplete material. The
anatomical structure of the achene shows that it belongs to Ranunculus, and
there is no doubt that it is a new species. All the plants found were in fruit,
but most of them had not even the receptacles left, as the flower stalks had
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 125
J
been bitten off by the goats; in fact, not one intact specimen was seen and
most of them were badly damaged, so that the existence of the species seems
to be seriously threatened. As far as I can find, A. caprarum has no relative
in America. Habitually, it belongs to the type of R. Lyallii Hook. fil., zx-
signis Hook. fil. and xzvicola Hook., all from New Zealand; it is remarkably
like the last mentioned, which differs in the less deeply cleft basal leaves and
in the unwinged achenes, But in another New Zealand species, 2. Haast?i Hook.
fil. (Fig. 8 g), which has a different habit, we find the same flat, winged achenes.
It is possible that A. awazensis A. Gray (Fig. 8 f) and R. mauzensis A. Gray
from Hawaii belong to the same group; their leaves are more divided with
stalked segments and the nut is barely winged, but there is a distinct trace of a
wing on the style. I regard R. caprarum as another addition to the old Pacific
element in the flora.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Berberidaceae.
Berberis L.
56. B. corymbosa Hook. et Arn. — JOHOow, Estud. 115. — Fig. 9 c—d.
Masatierra: not uncommon along the high ridges but never occurring in
considerable number nor forming thickets; sometimes also found in the open
forest. — Co Centinela, c. 400 m; El Pangal, near the entrance and on the walls
of the gorge, c. 200 m; Q. Damajuana, open forest on steep slope, 345 m; in
the gap between Damajuana and Yunque, 550—600 m (unr. fr. 18/12 16, no. 158);
high peak between Pangal and V. Colonial, 365 m; V. Colonial, C. Central,
570 m (also observed by JOHOW); Portezuelo de Villagra, a few small shrubs
near the SELKIRK tablet, c. 600 m (fl. */12 16, no. 36); Q. del Monte Maderugo,
steep rocks; Q. Seca, open forest, c. 500 m; C. Salsipuedes (also observed by
JOHOW), 400—600 m, in brushwood and forest, on the ridge and on both slopes;
Pto Ingles, central ridge, 470 m; Q. Vaqueria, in open forest, c. 250 m; mountain
spur W of El Yunque, in forest, 530 m; Q. Villagra, higher parts, scattered.
BL. paniculata Phil. was retained as a species by HEMSLEY but reduced to
L. corymbosa by REICHE and JoHoOw. After having examined the type in
Herb. Santiago I can only subscribe to the opinion of the latter. From the
description of PHILIPPI (narrow leaves!) one would perhaps conclude that ZB.
paniculata is the same form that I have described below from Masafuera. This
is not the case; the leaves vary in 8. corymbosa, but PB. paniculata falls
within the limits if this. Bracts in the panicle are found in otherwise typical
corymbosa.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
*57. B. masafuerana nov. spec. — Fig. 9 a—b.
Frutex metralis et ultra, ramis tenuibus cortice obscure rubro—atro-violaceo,
leviter sulcato in junioribus saltem lucido sicut vernicoso, ramellis distantibus.
126 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Folia primaria plantulae juvenilis suborbicularia, grosse et irregulariter sinuata,
interdum dentibus nonnullis pungentibus munita, lamina ad 2 cm longa et lata,
petiolo circ. 2 cm longo apice vel paulo infra distincte articulato. Spinae sat
mites, nondum pungentes, plerumque simplices, rarissime segmentis I— 2 laterali-
bus munitae, 3—5 mm longae. Ramelli foliigeri brevissimi, distantes. Folia
secundaria anguste obovato-elliptica—elliptico-lanceolata, coriacea, discoloria sub-
tus pallida, obtusa, basi manifeste angustata, reticulato-nervosa; lamina 2—3,5 cm
longa et 0,6—I,3 cm lata; petiolus tenuis vulgo 2—3, rarius ad 6 mm longus,
paulo supra basin articulatus. Cetera ignota.
ee |
Fig. 9. a—b Berberis masafuerana: a part of branch and one small leaf, b largest leaves seen.
c—d B&B. corymbosa: ¢ ordinary leaves, d exceptionally narrow leaves. All natural size.
b
d
Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, one seedling by the side of a waterfall,
215 m; larger shrubs seen on the wall of the canyon in an utterly inaccessible
place, but some branches were obtained by means of a lasso (no. 503); Q. de
la Loberia, one shrub on a steep rock in the stream.
Unfortunately, all specimens observed were sterile. 4. masafuerana comes
very near B. corymbosa, but differs in the colour of the cortex, in the much
narrower and more coriaceous leaves and in the slender habit. I have never
seen anything like this form in Masatierra, so I am confident that the flower
and fruit will offer structural differences.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 1277
Magnoliaceae.
Drimys Forst.
58. D. Winteri Forst. var. confertifolia (Phil.) Joh.; Jonow, Estud. 113.
Masatierra: One of the commonest forest trees, ranging from 200 or
300 m to the highest ridges and forming the edge of the forest in wind-swept
places, where few other trees thrive. In the foggy region very old and large
trees were observed, with a thickness at the base hardly reached by any other
tree in the islands. Dyrimys inhabits the whole forested belt of Masatierra from
Pto Frances to Co Chumacera. Coll. fl. */12 16, no. 6, 8/12 16, no. 88, fr. 74/4 17,
no. 88 b.
Masafuera: in the higher parts of the montane region, generally forming
the limit of the forest; not seen at a much lower altitude than 500 m; Pasto,
Chozas and Mono valleys, 475—1100 m; one tree at the Correspondencia Camp,
1130 m; ravine north of this place, c. 1200 m, greatest altitude observed; on
the western precipice, solitary trees above Buque Varado; C. del Barril, to
1110 m (fr. 7/3 17, no. 371); east slope of Los Inocentes, 740—1000 m.
The oldest name for the island Drzmys seems to be D. confertifolia Phil.
Anal. Univ. Chile 1856 (May), 163; in July the same year STEUDEL published
his D. fernandestana. REICHE, Flora I. 27, used the combination D. Winteri
var. fernandeztana Steud., for he quoted Bot. Zeit. 1856 (Sept.!) for D. confertz-
folia Phil. STEUDEL did not, however, describe it as a variety, but as a species,
and thus we may use the name confertifolia (Phil.) Johow. According to STEUDEL
the island form differs from continental ones in the narrower leaves, which are
blunt or hardly acute, rufescent above, pale below and more aggregated, and
in the dioecious flowers. PHILIPPT advanced that the leaves are densely aggreg-
ated, smaller, less whitish below and much shorter petiolate. MIERS, Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1858, 48, described it as D. fernandezianus Miers (without
quoting other authors); the description was reprinted and an unsatisfactory figure
added in Contr. to Botany I (1861) 137, Pl. 27 B. The differences between
MIERS’ species and JD. chilensts DC. are not at all better defined by him than
by other authors. JOHOW, who regards D. confertifolia as a variety, stated
that it differs in the smaller and more densely clustered leaves, and says that
the trees in Masafuera have more polished leaves than those from the other
island. REICHE |. c. 27 described the leaves as »angostamente oblongas, casi
lineares, muy cortamente pecioladas».
I shall not enter upon the question whether the continental forms all
belong to one species or not; but I cannot separate D. chilensis DC. or pant-
culata Steud. from D. Winterz, and I cannot regard the Juan Fernandez plant
as specifically distinct. It is true that many of the herbarium specimens studied
by STEUDEL, MIERS, etc. have the leaves of the flowering branches comparatively
small and narrow, but if we study the living plant, we shall find that there is
a considerable variation in the size of the leaves, which often attain 12—13
3—4 cm, quite normal figures in continental forms. I need not tell that the
rufescent upper surface of the leaves spoken of by STEUDEL is due to desicca-
128 CARL SKOTTSBERG
tion. The colour of the lower surface shows the same considerable variation
as in other forms. ‘The flowers are not dioecious, but bisexual and quite typical,
and do not differ in size or shape from Chilean specimens. The only character
remaining is the clustered leaves, but even in this case there is a considerable
variation between different trees and also between different branches of the
same tree. Generally, the short internodes give to the island Drimys a somewhat
different habit, but cultivation alone will decide upon the value of this character.
A distinct tendency to the development of a form with shorter internodes was
observed in the introduced Avzstotelia maguz, both by JOHOW (I. c. 108) and by
the writer.
Area of distribution: Not counting the tropical forms, ). Winter7 in-
habits Chile from Frai Jorge (an isolated locality) to Cape Horn, and Juan
Fernandez.
Lactoridaceae.
Lactoris Phil.
59. L. fernandeziana Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 114. — Plate 12, fig. 1.
Masatierra: in the damp montane region, confined to the dense and humid
forests above 500 m, rare. — C. Chifladores, steep slope above Pto Frances,
c. 500 m, about a dozen plants (past fl. '“/, 17, no. 622); forests of El Yunque
(JoHow); V. Colonial, C. Central, one plant 510 m, several 520 m (fl. 78/1 17,
no. 303); Portezuelo de Villagra (also observed by JOHOW), one small specimen,
570 m; mountains at the back of Pto Ingles (JOHOW); mountain ridge west of
El Yunque, c. 500 m, very rare (fr. °*/4 17, no. 629); highest part of the Villagra
Valley below Portezuelo, some fine shrubs at the roadside, 510 m (fl. °/1 17, no. 230).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Cruciferae.
Cardamine L.
60. C. chenopodiifolia Pers. — Syn. C. fernandesziana (Phil.) Joh.; JoHow,
Estud. 110.
Masatierra: GERMAIN; REED!
Unfortunately, no trace was seen of this interesting plant. GERMAIN col-
lected it in October, 1854, REED in September, 1872; it is an annual, developed
in the spring and probably of short duration, and this explains that we did not
find it. Perhaps it did not appear at all in 1916 on account of the very dry
spring. It is also possible that it has become very rare or that it has disap-
peared altogether. As it is unknown in Pert and Chile, we have no good
reason to regard it as accidentally introduced.
Iam convinced that SCHULZ (ENGLER’s Jahrb. XXXII.443)was right in bringing
Fleterocarpus fernandezianus Phil. to Cardamine chenopodifolia; when comparing
the former with material of the latter from Uruguay, Brazil and Bolivia, I came
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 129
to the same conclusion. Certainly, the distribution is quite puzzling and dif-
ferent from that of all other species indigenous in the islands, which led me to
the conclusion (Stud. 19) that it had become introduced with the human traffic.
Area of distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay.
61. C. flaccida Cham. et Schlecht. — Syn. C. alsophila Phil, Jonow,
Estud. III.
Masatierra: streams and other wet places, local. Pto Frances (JoHow);
El Pangal, moss mats in the stream near the entrance; wet moss cushions by the
waterfall, 215 m (f. pzlosa O. E. Sch., fl.-fr. '/1 17, no. 219 — »nonnulla speci-
mina interdum ad subspeciem a/sophz/a spectant», scr. O. E. SCHULZ in sched.);
Q. Damajuana, moss mats at a small waterfall, 250 m, common (prol. depressa
O. E. Sch., fl. °/12 16, no. 57); Q. Juanango, by the stream (f. pz/osa, fl.-fr. 9/4 17,
no. 603); south side of Portezuelo (JOoHOW); Co Chumacera, shady corner in wet
soil at the small waterfall in the Boehmeria-forest (f. zxtegra O. E. Sch., fl.-fr.
ie 17, 10. 251).
Area of distribution: Widely dispersed in the warm and temperate parts
of South America, in Chile in the southern provinces. Prol. depressa was col-
lected near Talcahuano, var. fz/osa near Valparaiso and in Masatierra, f. zx-
tegra in »Chile» (leg. BERTERO). What SCHULZ calls typical a/sophzla has not
been reported from Juan Fernandez.
62. C. Kriisselii Joh., JoHow, Estud. 112.
Masafuera: Forest northwest of Q. de las Casas (JOHOW!); Q. de la Lo-
beria, by the stream (fr. 17/2 17, no. 479).
We made a diligent search for this species in ali the forest patches north-
west of the Casas Valley, but without result. The plants collected in the new
locality differ from the type in being almost glabrous, and were distinguished
by O. E. SCHULZ as f. glabrescens. According to the same authority, C. A7is-
selat is related to the chilean C. vulgaris Phil.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Saxifragaceae.
Escallonia Mutis.
63. E. Callcottiae Hook. et Arn. — Syn. &. fernandezia Phil. — JoHOw,
Estud. 100.
Masatierra: One of the commoner plants, rather abundant on all the
ridges from Pto Frances to Q. Juanango, but also found on the lower barren
slopes down to the sea level. Scattered on the south side from Villagra to
Pta Larga. Fl. Dec.—April (nos. 2, 95, 257), fr. in April.
Very variable in size, a small tree or, on dry stony ground, a trailing
shrub. Leaves small or large, flowers generally paniculate, but sometimes
racemose, colour of corolla a more or less deep rosa to crimson.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
9 — 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. IT.
130 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Rosaceae.
Rubus L.
64. R. geoides Sm. — SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 10.
Masafuera: Not uncommon in the alpine region, but not observed at a
lower altitude than 1000 m. Highland north of Casas, 1130—1370 m (fr. Feb.
1917, no. 404); C. del Barril, 1290 m (no. 538); Los Inocentes, from 1375 m
to the top; ridge between Q. Inocentes and Q. Angosta, c. 1000 m. — Dis-
covered by the writer in 1908.
Area of distribution: Patagonian Andes (two localities; one far north, 38°,
needing confirmation); West Patagonia; Fuegia; Falkland Islands; Masafuera.
Margyricarpus Ruiz et Pav.
65. M. setosus Ruiz et Pav. subsp. digynus Bitter, SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 9.
—- JOHOW, Estud. oI.
Masatierra: on the low, dry slopes below the forest region, also in the
western half of the island and on the high ridges’ above the forest. — Between
Pto Frances and V. Colonial, on the slopes of the valleys and on the ridges,
common on the slopes of El Centinela (also observed by JoHOw); V. Colonial,
not uncommon (also observed by JOHOW); C. Salsipuedes, ascending to 500 m
(fl.-unr. fr. °/12 16, no. 71); La Vaqueria, dry slopes; between Villagra and Pta
Larga, scattered in the steppe-like vegetation (fl-unr. fr. "/1 17, no. 233).
Area of distribution: Peri; Central and South Chile; Argentina (Prov.
Buenos Aires); Patagonia. The subsp. digynus endemic in Masatierra.
Acaena L.
66. A. masafuerana Bitter Bibl. Bot. 74 (1911) 45. — Fig. Io.
Masafuera: Scattered in the fell-fields, forming small dense mats together
with mosses and lichens. Between the Correspondencia Camp and Las Torres,
1130—1370 m (fl.-fr. 14/2 17, no. 395); edge of west precipice above Buque
Varado, c. 1230 m;.C. del Barril, 1110—1360 m (fr. '/s 17, no. 539); Los Ino-
centes, from 1125 m to near the summit (fr. °/3 17, no. 380).
Sterile specimens were brought by the writer in 1908 and described by
Professor BITTER. The new material was again studied by him, and he gives
the following account of it.
»Procumbens vel parum ascendens, caespitosa, caudex cr. 2—4 mm crassus,
in radicem sat longam ramosam exiens, in ramos complures +ve divaricantes
partitus; rami inter muscos et gramina repentes, breves, + ve congesti vel
longiores cr. 4--11 cm longi, infra vaginis fuscescentibus subnitidis foliorum
emortuorum densiusculis obtecti, apice foliis adhuc vigentibus subrosulantibus
instructi; folia parva, cr. I,.—4 cm longa; vaginae rufo-fuscescentes, nitidae,
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 131
usque ad 10:3 mm, utrinque glabrae (etiam in margine); stipulae frondosae,
lanceolatae, acutae, simplices vel vix dentatae, rarius manifeste 1-dentatae, cr.
I—2:0,;—I mm, glabrae vel prope apicem pilis parvis tenuibus marginalibus
nonnullis instructae; petiolus plerumque brevissimus, cr. 2—3 mm, rarius ad 8 mm
longus, glaber; costa mediana subtus glabra vel parce pilosa; lamina 6—24 : 4—12
mm, plerumque 7 <{rarius 9)-foliolata; foliola obovata, obtusa (inferiora non-
numquam acutiuscula), plana vel margine paulum revoluta, crenati-dentata, supra
sordide viridia, fere glabra, ad dentium apices versus tantum in venis ordinis
Fig. 10. Acaena masafuerana. leaves, a upper side, X 3, b lower side X 3,
c nat. size; d, e achenes, X 18.
secundi manifeste albide pilosa, subtus paulum glaucescentia, in venis primariis
secundariisque dense pilosa vel solum in vena media appresse sericeo-pilosa,
dentes margine et apice dense breviter pilosi; stipulae et foliolorum dentes in
pagina superiore in hydathodam rubescentem exeuntes; paris supremi foliola
sessilia, 2,5:I,2 usque ad 7:4 mm, 5—8dentata; foliolum terminale breviter
petiolulatum (cr. 0,;—I,5, rarius — 3 mm), cr. 2:2 usque ad 6:5 mm, 5—9-
dentatum, dens apicalis lateralibus manifeste minor, quam ob rem foliolum ter-
minale lateralibus obtusius; scapus in parte inferiore foliis I—2 approximatis
reductis instructus, ceterum nudus, vel rarius fere medio vel paulum infra capi-
tulum folio valde reducto praeditus, in statu fructifero 6,5—I1I,5 cm longus,
gracilis, in parte basilari ascendens, ceterum rectus, viridis vel purpurei-suffusus,
132 CARL SKOTTSBERG
glaber; capitulum terminale parvum, cr. 3—(tandem) 5 mm diam.; bracteae
oblanceolatae, ad basim versus angustatae, apice obtusae, basi glabrae vel pilis
acutis perpaucis et capillo pluricellulari uno alterove praeditae, fere a medio in
margine pilis tenuibus unicellularibus acutis sensim densioribus instructae, capilli
pluricellulares (articulati), aurei-rufescentes vel partim purpurascentes praecipue
inter bracteas cupulasque dense aggregati; cupula obovoidei-obconica, turbinati-
subtetragona, cr. I mm longa, 0,5 mm diam., fere glabra, capillo pluricellulari
aurei-rufescente uno alterove valde sparso obsita, infra calycem in aculeos 4
breves primo fere 1 mm longos apice glochidibus 4—6 parvis paulum inaequi-
longis armatos exiens; sepala 4, cr. 0,8:0,3—0,4 mm, late elliptica, obtusa, apice
intus dense breviter papillosa, ceterum glabra; stamina 2, parva, sepalis breviora;
filamenta gracilia, 0,4—0,5 mm longa; antherae reniformes, utrinque emarginatae,
cr. O,r7 mm longae, 0,3 mm latae; stylus cr. 0,5 mm longus, stigma purpureum,
subpatelliforme, plumosi-flabellatum, diam. 0,8 mm; cupula in statu fructifero 1,5
mm longa, I mm diam., aculeis porrectis purpurascenter suffusis I—1,5 mm longis.
Die Belege unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der Farbe und Behaarung der
Blattchen-Unterseite etwas von einander: Nr. 380 ist unterseits kaum grau, mehr
blassgriin, die Behaarung ist unterseits fast ausschliesslich auf die Mittelader
beschrankt, Nr. 395 ist ahnlich, zeigt aber auch auf den Seitenadern I. Ordnung
unterseits meist ziemlich deutliche Behaarung, Nr. 539 dagegen ist unterseits
ausgepragt graugriin (ob infolge der bei dieser Form starker als bei den andern
beiden Nummern ausgepragten Papillositat der Unterseite?), ausserdem sind
Mitteladern und Seitenadern I. Ordn., teilweise sogar die II. Ordn. dicht mit
anliegenden spitzen Haaren bedeckt.
Diese Art, von der SKOTTSBERG von seiner ersten Reise nach Juan Fer-
nandez nur bliiten- und fruchtlose Zweige heimgebracht hatte, wurde von mir
in meiner Gesamtschrift tiber die Gattung (Biblioth. botan. Heft 74, S. 75)
zweifelnd zur Sect. III Subtuspapillosae Bitt. gestellt, zu der die siidchilenische
A, pumila Vahl und die nur auf den beiden hawaiischen Inseln Maui und Kauai
vorkommende A. exzgua A. Gray gehort. Dass sich A. masafuerana von diesen
beiden Arten erheblich unterscheide, betonte ich schon damals und wies auch
auf ihre Ubereinstimmung in Tracht und Behaarung mit verschiedenen Ange-
horigen der Section V Acrobyssinoideae hin. Die schonen, vollstandigen Belege
von SKOTYSBERG’s zweiter Reise liessen leicht feststellen, dass diese auf Masa-
fuera endemische Art besonders an den Bliiten- und Fruchtorganen samtliche
fiir die Section Acrobyssinoideae bezeichnenden Merkmale besitzt: Bliiten in
einem endstandigen kugeligen Kopfchen vereinigt; mehrzellige (gegliederte)
goldbraune bis purpurne Haare reichlich zwischen den Brakteen und am Grunde
der Cupulae; Cupula 4-kantig-kreiselformig mit nur 4 in einer Ebene nahe unter
dem Kelche stehenden Stacheln, die nur an der Spitze mit einigen (4—6) Wider-
haken (Glochiden) ausgeriistet sind.
A. masafuerana steht der A. antarctica Hook. f. (Feuerland und westl.
Magellansgebiet) und A. mecrocephala Schichtdl. (Siid-Chile) nahe, sie unter-
scheidet sich von der ersteren durch die viel schwachere, niemals gelbliche
Behaarung der Blatter und durch das Vorhandensein von 1—2 kleinen Blattern
am Blitenstandstiel (scapus), von <A. mzcrocephala durch erheblich kleinere
Blattchen mit weniger Randzahnen.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 133
Im Mesophyll der Blattscheiden von dA. masafuerana sind die reihenformig
angeordneten Drusen aus Calciumoxalat, wie sie in meiner Gesamtdarstellung:
Biblioth. botan. Heft 74, S. 62, Fig. 10 fiir A. /uctda Vahl abgebildet sind, be-
sonders sch6n zu sehen.»
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
67. A. ovalifolia Ruiz et Pav. subsp. australis Bitt. 1. c. 239; Skorrs-
BERG, Stud. 9.
Masatierra: On both sides of the Portezuelo ridge, on the north side
from 250 m in the maqui-thickets (fl. */12 16, no. 35), on the south side scattered
from near the pass (fl.-fr. 1/12 16, no. 35b) down to Villagra, in the forest
near the road.
The var. mzcrophylla Phil. in sched. Herb. Santiago (and Berlin, see BITTER
l. c. 238) is most likely the same that I have collected. PHILIPPI's plants were
sterile. Professor BITTER remarks to my specimens that he cannot distinguish
them from subsp. @vstralzs Bitt.
var. insulae-exterioris Bitt. ]. c. 245.
Masafuera: Q. del Mono, in the forest c. 450 m (fl.-fr. '’/2 17, no. 460);
Q. de las Casas, in the gorge (fr. 't/2 17, no. 440); Q. de las Vacas, outer part;
Q. de la Loberia; near the Correspondencia Camp, 1100 m (fl. °/s 17, no. 372);
Las Torres, 1370 m (if the same form as no. 3737); C. del Barril, 985 m; ridge
between Q. Inocentes and Q. Angosta, c. 1100 m; near Las Torres, 1350 m
(?/3 17, no. 373, a compact form, apparently not the same as the rest, see below).
Professor BITTER kindly remarks to my collection: »Der var. zzsulae-
extertoris Bitt. entspricht n. 400. Nicht nennenswert verschieden ist n. 460 (das
eine Exemplar zeigt an den Nebenblattern hie und da-ein undeutliches Seiten-
zahnchen, also Ubergang zu den verbreiteteren Formen dieser Art). Die Hoch.
landsform n. 372 unterscheidet sich von den beiden vorhergenannten Belegen
durch auch an den 4lteren Blattern bleibende dichtere seidig glanzende Be-
haarung der Blattunterseite und kompakteren Wuchs der aufrechten, die Bliiten-
stande entwickelnden Triebe. Die am hodchsten wachsende Form, n. 373, ent-
spricht der von SKOTTSBERG 1908 zusammen mit A. masafuerana gesammelten
Pflanze, mit dicht rasigem gestautem Wuchs, kleinen Blattern mit wenigen Blattchen
und weniger Zahnchen daran, die bei BITTER l. c. 245 ebenfalls ohne Bliten
und Friichten dargestellt worden ist. Auf Grund der abweichenden Form ihrer
Nebenblatter: meist jederseits mit einem Zahn sowie umgekehrt der erheblich
geringen Zahl der Blattchenzahne (nur 13—15) ist sie von der var. zwsi/ae-
exterioris za unterscheiden, aber wegen Mangel an Bliiten und Friichten von
ahnlichen Formen ausserhalb der Inseln nicht sicher zu sondern.»
Area of distribution: Subsp. australis from S. Chile to Fuegia and the
Falkland Islands; the variety only known from Masafuera.
Acaena argentea Ruiz et Pav. x Margyricarpus setosus Ruiz et Pav.
subsp. digynus Bitter. — Plate 13, fig. 1.
On the open slopes of Masatierra I found a curious plant, which, in general
habit as well as in morphological features seemed to stand between Margyrz-
134 CARL SKOTTSBERG
carpus and Acaena argentea. The material was sent to Prof. BITTER, who, after
a careful inspection, confirmed my view. He has established the new bastard
genus Margyracacna, described below with full details.
Masatierra: El Pangal, west branch, dry ridge leading to C. Centinela,
c. 250 m, rare (no. 579); V. Colonial, barren ground along the road to Porte-
zuelo before it enters the macal, one small patch mixed with A. argentea
(no. 562; here the photograph on Plate 13 was taken); between the foot of
Yunque and Villagra, 190 m (fl. ‘/1 17, no. 241 b); B. Villagra, rocky and
sandy ridge near the camping place, c. 200 m, several specimens (fl. °/1 17,
no. 241).
Area of distribution: Originated in Masatierra, as a result of natural
crosses between the native WMargyricarpus and the introduced Acaena argentea.
Professor BITTER kindly communicated the following description:
»Margyracaena Skottsbergii Bitter nov. gen. et spec. hybr.
Suffruticosa; rami vegetativi robusti, 4—5 mm diam., decumbentes vel + ve
horizontaliter explanati, in partibus vetustioribus lignosis reliquiis follorum emor-
tuorum, praecipue vaginis sordide fuscescentibus, + ve dense involuti, laxiuscule
irregulariter ramosi; internodia brevia, plerumque 4—8 mm, rarius I cm longa,
in statu novello pilis tenuibus longis crebris obsita, serius + ve glabrescentia,
cortice rubri-fusco tandem defoliante obtecta; foliorum vaginae cr. 6—1O mm
longae, 7—-8 mm latae, subamplexicaules, viridi- vel tandem rubri-fuscescentes,
extus pilis longis tenuibus densis subsericei-strigosae, intus flavi-fuscescentes et
parcius pilis longis obsitae, apice in stipulas anguste lineari-lanceolatas longe
acuminatas acutas simplices vel 2-fidas 7—8 mm longas 2—3 mm latas frondosas
in vaginarum marginibus decurrentes exeuntes; petiolus fere nullus; lamina
imparipinnata, 5—(plerumque)7-juga; interstitia brevia, 1—3 mm longa, rhachis
ergo I5—20 mm tantum longa, utrinque dense subsericei-pilosa; foliola inferiora
lineari-lanceolata, longe acuminata, simplicia vel dentibus paucis incisa, 6— 9g : I—2
mm, superiora sensim majora, lanceolata, lateralia basi obliqua, sessilia, infra
medium latissima, ad apicem versus sensim acuminata, acuta, 18—20: 3—4 mm,
dentibus in utroque latere 2—3 acutis incisa, foliolum terminale petiolulo 2mm
longo suffultum utrinque sensim angustatum fere medio latissimum cr. 18:3 mm,
dentibus utrinque 2—3 (raro 4); inter foliola majora praecipue in rhachidis
parte superiore foliola minuta nonnulla (3—4) interjecta (I—2,5 mm _ longa,
0,5—0,7 mm lata) adsunt; foliola omnia subcoriacea, margine revoluta, supra
nitida, praeter glandulas minutas breviter stipitatas (microscopice tantum per-
spiciendas) valde sparsas (densiores in venae mediae parte inferiore tantum)
glabra, subtus pilis tenuibus longis albidis densiuscule sericei-villosa, venis supra
impressis, subtus fere solum vena media prominente; rami floriferi erecti, breves,
cr. 5—8 cm longi, foliis sensim minoribus; inflorescentiae minores pauciflorae in
foliorum superiorum axillis, terminalis globosa, diam. cr. 12 mm, in Acaenae
modum e floribus densis congestis composita, in scapum brevem I—2 cm tan-
tum longum evecta; bracteae lineares, 2—4 mm longae, acutae, in marginibus
pilis tenuibus longis densis instructae, minores I—2 mm tantum longae, ceterum
similes; cupula obconica, dense villosa, immatura a me visa cr. 3:2 mm, infra
calycem in aculeos 4(—5) breves inaequilongos 2—4 mm, glabros (etiam apice],
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 135
glochidibus ergo omnino destitutos) vel rarius pilis tenuibus longis paucis prope
basim (sicut cupula) obsitos rubri-suffusos exiens; sepala 4—5, lanceolata,
utrinque angustata, acuta, 2—3:1 mm, extus dense sericei-villosa, intus viridia,
glabra, subnitida; stamina 3, filamenta gracilia, 4—6 mm longa; antherae reni-
formes, utrinque emargipatae, 0,s—1I mm longae et latae, purpureae; carpellum 1,
rarius 2; styli fere I,; mm longi, graciles; stigmata 2—2,5 mm longa, 1,5; mm
diam., bilateraliter plumosi-flabelliformia, verisimiliter albida.
Es ist bemerkenswert, dass SKOTTSBERG diese Pflanze an vier verschiedenen
Oertlichkeiten auf Masatierra und zwar stets in Gesellschaft von Acaena argentea
und Margyricarpus gefunden hat. Danach scheint sich dieser Bastard leicht
zu bilden, wozu die ausgesprochene Windbestéubung der beiden mit einander
vergesellschafteten Eltern reichlich Gelegenheit bieten mag.'
Der Beschreibung liegt hauptsdchlich Nr. 241 zu Grunde, da nur an ihr
Bliitenstande gefunden worden sind; bei Nr. 562 und 579 traf SKOTTSBERG
nur vegetative Triebe an, so dass die Bliitenorgane der einzelnen gesondert
entstandenen Kreuzungen nicht verglichen werden konnten. In der Ausbildung
der vegetativen Organe bestehen kaum nennenswerte Unterschiede: die Zahl
der Fiederpaare scheint bei Nr. 241 haufiger 7 zu sein als bei den andern
beiden hauptsdchlich mit 5—6-jochigen Blattern versehenen Nummern, doch
habe ich auch bei ihnen 7-jochige Spreiten gesehen. Die Blattchen sind bei
241 wohl durchgangig etwas grosser und breiter als bei 562 und 579 (bei
letzteren messen die obersten Blattchen nur 14—16:3 mm), doch konnte dieser
geringe Unterschied auch durch Standorts- und Ernahrungsverhaltnisse hervor-
gerufen worden sein.
In der Form und Grosse der Blatter und ihrer Teilung nimmt J/argyra-
caena deutlich die Mitte zwischen Acaena und Margyricarpus ein: Verhaltnis
der Lange der Blattspreiten zu ihrer Breite bei
Acaena (4—)5—8,5 : 3,5—4 (seltener 4,5) cm; Wargyracaena 2,5—4,5 : 1,5—2,5
em; Maregyricarpus 1—1,7:1—I,3 cm.
Lange : Breite der Endblattchen bei: Acaena (1,83—)2,5—3 : 0,3—1 cm; Mar-
gyracaena 1,1—1,8:0,2—0,3 cm; Margyricarpus 0,8: 0,05 cm.
Die Blattchen von Margyracaena sind am Rande deutlicher umgerollt als
bei der Acaena und weniger stark umgerollt als bei Wargyricarpus.
Zahl der Zahne an den Endblattchen bei Acaena 21—29, Margyracaena
5—7, Wargyricarpus 0.
Die unterseitige Bekleidung der Blattchen ist bei fast allen Varietaten der
1 In meiner Acaena-Monographie, Biblioth. botan. Heft 74, S. 296—321, habe ich einge-
hend die leichte spontane Kreuzung unter den Acaenen in den botanischen Garten beleuchtet:
man beachte besonders die Bastarde zwischen in der Tracht und im Fruchtbau einander ferner
stehenden Arten wie A. glabra und A. sanguisorbae sowie zwischen A. glabra und A. Hiero-
nymi. Meine seit Jahren bestehende Absicht, Kreuzung der Acaenen mit andern Sanguisorbeen-
Gattungen, z. B. mit Poferium spinosum, Polylepis, Bencomia herbeizufihren, hat sich bislang
hauptsachlich wegen der Ungleichzeitigkeit der Blitenentwicklung nicht verwirklichen lassen.
Hoffentlich gelingt es mir, zwischen einer vom chilenischen Festlande stammenden Form der
Acaena argentea und der (im Gegensatze zu der zweikarpelligen subsp. d/gymus von Masatierra)
mit nur e#zem Fruchtblatte in jeder Cupula versehenen festlindischen Unterart des J/argy77-
carpus setosus, die ich beide lebend in Pflege habe, eine der Masatierra-Margyracaena abnliche
Kreuzung zu erzielen.
136 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Acaena argentea (auch bei den auf Juan Fernandez vorkommenden Formen)
dicht anliegend silberig seidenhaarig (mit sehr langen, diinnen, einzelligen Haaren),
Margyracaena ist unterseits ebenfalls reichlich mit feinen, langen, anliegenden
Haaren bedeckt, aber dieses Haarkleid ist sichtlich etwas lockerer: neben die
weiss-silberige Unterseite von Acaena argentea gehalten zeigt die zwar immerhin
noch etwas silberige Unterseite von Wargyracaena einen deutlichen Stich ins
Griinliche.
Die Blattchen von Margyricarpus sind unterseits frei von einfachen, diinnen
Langhaaren und daselbst auf der Mittelader mit winzigen gestielten Driisen-
k6épfchen versehen, die bei Margyracaena zerstreut an derselben Stelle ebenfalls
vorkommen.
In der Tracht, besonders in der Form der Blatter erinnert MWargyracaena
mehr an die Gattung Acuwena; in der Ausbildung der Bliitenorgane sind jedoch
einige auffallige Merkmale hervorzuheben, die sich mit der Acaena-Sektion
Ancistrum, za der sie ihrem Aussern nach gehdren miusste, nicht in Einklang
bringen lassen, zunaichst das véllige Fehlen von Glochiden, iiberhaupt jeglicher
Behaarung an der Spitze der Cupularstacheln, ferner das wenn auch seltene
Vorkommen von 2 Carpellen in einer Cupula. Auch durch das fast ganzliche
Fehlen eines eigentlichen, gestreckten, das endstandige Bliitenkopfchen tragenden
Schaftes weicht M/argyracaena von den Ancistren ab.
Trotzdem dass reife Friichte von dieser merkwiirdigen Pflanze nicht vor-
lagen, liess sich doch bereits aus der Untersuchung der an den Belegstiicken
vorhandenen verbliihten Cupulae mit geniigender Sicherheit ermitteln, dass hier
tatsachlich, wie SKOTTSBERG bereits beim Sammeln der Pflanze vermutet hatte,
eine offenbar durch Kreuzung entstandene Zwischenform zwischen den beiden,
am Fundorte mit einander vergesellschafteten Sanguisorbeen Acaena argentea
R. et P. und Margyricarpus setosus R. et P. subsp. dzgynus Bitt. vorliegt: zu
beachten ist besonders, dass die an Acaena gemahnenden, bei JJargyricarpus
fehlenden Cupularstacheln bei J/argyracaena von ungleicher Lange sind, offen-
bar stets kurz (nur 2—4 mm lang) bleiben und vollig der endstandigen Wider-
haken (Glochiden) ermangeln, wahrend die Cupularstacheln von Acaena argentea
6—7 mm lang werden und an der Spitze stets mit 4—6 kraftigen Glochiden
ausgertstet sind.
Besondere Beachtung verdient iibrigens, dass auch MWargyrzcarpus setosus
langs verlaufende hervortretende Kanten an den noch unreifen Frichten besitzt,
die jede mit einigen niedrigen Hoéckern versehen sind; im reifen Zustande ver-
schwinden jedoch diese Kanten mit ihren Hoéckern dusserlich vollstandig, da
die Cupula beerenahnlich fleischig wird und zu einem fast kugeligen Gebilde
anschwillt; erst beim Trocknen treten die héckerigen Kanten infolge des starken
Einschrumpfens der weicheren Cupuiarteile wieder deutlicher hervor.
Man wird vielleicht an der Cupula von Margyracaena Andeutungen von
der im reifen Zustande etwas beerig saftigen, kugeligen Ausbildung der Cupula
von Margyricarpus vermissen; ich betone jedoch, dass ich an lebenden Exem-
plaren von Margyricarpus setosus erst kurz vor der volligen Reife die schein-
beerenahnliche Entwicklung der Cupula habe bemerken kénnen. Da hier nur
unreife, vielleicht wegen der aus zwei einander sehr fern stehenden Arten
entstandenen Kreuzung niemals zu voller Entwicklung gelangende Friichte vor-
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 137
liegen, so wird man nicht notgedrungen etwas von einer Annaherung an den
Margyricarpus-Bau zu beobachten brauchen.*
Als Abweichung der Margyracaena von den bezden Eltern sind zu nennen
1) die oft etwas gréssere Zahl der Fiederpaare an den Laubblattern: bei J/ar-
gyricarpus 4—5, bei Acaena 5, seltener 6, bei Margyracaena 5—(meistens)7 ;
2) die tieferen Blattchenzahne der Margyracaena an allen Blattchen; Acaena
argentea besitzt dagegen nur an den unteren Blattchen jeder Spreite etwas
tiefere Saigezahne, an den oberen, voll ausgebildeten Blattchen ist sie nur kerbig-
gesagt, die Blattchen von Margyricarpus sind vollig ganzrandig. Offenbar
hangt das starkere Hervortreten der Sagezahne an den MWargyracaena-Biattchen
aber mit der im Vergleich zu Acaena argentea starkeren Umrollung des Blatt-
randes zusammen, die als Erbstiick von Margyricarpus herrihrt: die Rand-
umrollung ist bei Margyracaena allerdings bedeutend schwacher als bei Margyvz-
carpus; da sie aber an jedem Zahn von beiden Seiten her erfolgt, so erscheinen
die Zahne bei ihr etwas schmialer, langer und spitzer als bei der kaum oder
gar nicht umgerollten A. argentea. — Ob die im Vergleich zu Acaena etwas gros-
sere Zahl der Seitenfiedern der Wargyracaena auf Rechnung des bei Bastarden
oft zu beobachtenden iippigeren Wachstums der vegetativen Teile zuriickzu-
fihren ist, muss dahin gestellt bleiben.
Je langer ich mich mit dem Vergleiche der Margyracaena mit den beiden
Elternarten beschaftigt habe, um so mehr sind meine anfanglichen Zweifel an
ihrer Entstehung behoben worden. Gerade in den ertscheidenden Punkten,
der Ausbildung der Fruktifikationsorgane, diirfte der Margyricarpus-Einschlag
bei dem Gattungsbastard unverkennbar sein.»
Leguminosae.
Sophora L.
In Bot. Zeitung XIV (1856) 642 PHILIPPI described a Sophora, collected
by GERMAIN in Masatierra, as Edwardsza fernandeziana. In the same journal
for 1873, 743, he added Z£. Reedeana from Masatierra and £. masafuerana from
Masafuera. Of this he had only sterile material, the flowers, but not the fruit,
being known in the other two.
HEMSLEY, |. c. 32, and JoHowW, Estud. 88, reduced all to S. fetraptera
J. Mill., Ait.; still, PHt_ippI had indicated a difference worthy of some attention,
1 Ubrigens sei bei dieser Gelegenheit beziiglich der bei Wargyracaena trotz der wahr-
scheinlich stets tauben Friichte vorhandenen, zwar kleinen, aber doch deutlich ausgebildeten
Cupularstacheln bemerkt, dass sich diese Organe nach meinen Erfabrungen bei rein weiblichen
Acaena-Pflanzen auch dann gut ausbilden, wenn die Bliiten wegen Fehlens mannlicher Exem-
plare unbefruchtet bleiben und nachweislich taub sind, wovon ich mich seit Jahren an einer im
botanischen Garten befindlichen, reich wuchernden und sich durch unterirdische Ausiaufer ver-
mehrenden weiblichen Pflanze von A. macrostemon subsp. pachystigma Bitt. (in Acaena Mono-
graphie, Biblioth. botan. Heft 74, S. 192) aberzeugt habe. Auch rein weibliche, von mannlichen
und monoezischen Exemplaren véllig abgesonderte Pflanzen der Sanguisorbee Bencomia caudata
bilden ihre kugeligen Fruchtcupulae gerade so aus als ob sie reife Samen enthielten. (Weitere
Beispiele zu der in den letzten Jahrzehnten an verschiedenen Pflanzen nachgewiesenen Erscheinung
der Parthenocarpie!)
138 CARL SKOTTSBERG
for the petals in the species from Masatierra were described and figured with
a distinctly longer nail than in the species from the continent or from New
Zealand. In 1908 I only got scanty material, but the Masafueran Sophora was
found with pods. As these were smooth and entirely unwinged, I separated
the island forms as subsp. fervandeziana (Phil.) from the ordinary S. tetraptera.
This time I have a large material at hand, having also studied the collections
in Santiago and Kew.
All plants from Juan Fernandez differ from Chilean or New Zealand Sophoras
in the smaller number of leaflets, the smaller flowers, the longer nails of the
petals, and in the unwinged pod. It is noteworthy that there is, in New Zea-
land, a species with small flowers, narrow-winged pod and only 2—4 pairs of
leaflets, S. prostrata Buchan. In some respects, this comes nearer to the Juan
Fernandez forms, but is, of course, quite distinct.
Of PHILIPPI’s species, Edw. masafuerana is easily distinguished, as seen
from my description and figures. All specimens collected in Masafuera (GUa-
JARDO! — the type —, JoHow! and the writer) are exactly like each other
and rather unlike all forms from Masatierra. The difference between Adv.
Reedeana and fernandeziana appears to be slight. My figures were prepared
from PHILIPPI'’s type material; they show a certain difference in the shape of
the petals. PHILIPPI described the leaflets of fernandeztana as spathulate, but
his figure (pl. VIII B) shows an almost elliptical leaflet; comp. also my fig. 12 a, /.
Unfortunately, none of my specimens are in flower, what makes the identifica-
tion with PHILIPPI's forms uncertain. No. 322 from Pto Ingles has 8—14 pairs
of narrow elliptical leaflets, densely villous with reddish or silvery hairs, indicating
that they were not fully developed. The same form was collected by BERTERO
(no. 1516! Herb. Kew); here the leaflets have attained full size and show a
tendency to become slightly spathulate. I believe I am right in bringing these
to fernandeszana.
No. 599 from Vaqueria, also found in Q. Juanango, where mature pods were
gathered, is a robust form with 8—10 pairs of large leaflets (13-14 X 5—8 mm).
I bring this to Reedeana. Seeds were sown in the Gothenburg Garden in 1918,
but the plants are still (Sept. 1921) rather weak and differ from the parents in
being nearly glabrous, probably a direct result of greenhouse life. Nos. 63 and
especially 214 differ from the former by their very slender twigs; the leaflets
are broader, perfectly glabrous above and with few hairs below; there are 8—10
pairs in no. 63 (size 8—-10 X 5 mm) and 6—8 pairs in no. 214 (size 6— 8 X 4—5 mm).
Both are sterile. I distinguish these plants as f. gvacz/zor. With regard to the
marked variation in the Masatierran Sophoras, I for the present comprise all
forms under the specific name /ernandeziana. S,. Keedeana is retained as a
variety, so that it be not forgotten. A definite arrangement can be made only
after an examination of a larger material, with flowers and pods of all the forms.
Finally, I shall say a few words about the Sophoras of Chile and of New
Zealand. S. fetraptera occurs in the latter place in two distinct forms or
species, S. grandiflora (Salisb.) and microphylla Ait. No specimen from Chile
that I have come across matches S. mécrophylla, but all are very like S. gvandi-
flora in most respects. As a rule, the leaflets number 10-20 pairs in both,
they may be a trifle broader and more oval in the Chilean plant, but this is
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 139
hardly a reliable character. The standard is more orbicular in the latter, if
always, I cannot tell, and the flower smaller. PHILIPPI tried to find some
difference in the calyx, but without much success (comp. my figures 12 d, e and g).
The seeds of the Chilean plant are ellipsoidal, slightly compressed from the
sides, castaneous, 6—7 mm long and 4—4,5 mm broad. I have not seen the
seeds of S. grandiflora; in microphylla 1 found them dirty yellow or yellowish
brown, see plate 20, fig. 3—4. For comparison also the seeds of S. toromira
(Phil.) Skottsb. were figured, differing from those of all the others in colour,
size and shape.
SEE on ote
OC
eat
ean)
)
oes ee tse
|
\
Fig. 11. a—ec Sophora fernandeziana: a \eai ot no. 63, lower side, b of no. 214 (f. graczlior),
nat. size; ¢ mature pod of no. 599, 4 nat. size. d—g S. masafuerana: d upper, e lower side of
leaf, nat. size, f lower side of leaflet, x 2; g mature pods, 4 nat. size. h dehiscence of Sophora
pod, schematic cross section.
We cannot, | think, simply use the name S. étraptera for the Chilean
plant. PHILIPPI called it Edw. macnabtana Grah. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 26
(1839) 196 (figured in Bot. Magaz. 66, pl. 3735). GRAHAM’s description was
based on a tree cultivated in the botanic garden of Edinburgh; it is not stated
where the seeds came from. The main difference between this and the New
Zealand plant was that the former »flowered when in full leafy and was more
hardy. I have seen Sophora in flower in some places in south Chile. The
leaves are generally, but not always, shed before the flowers open, and the
new foliage gets developed with the fruit. — I cannot find that Edw. casszordes
Phil. is different.
The pod of Sophora has an interesting structure. CHEESEMAN, Manual 122,
140 CARL SKOTTSBERG
writes under Sophora: »pod... indehiscent or 2-valved, each seed enclosed in
a separate cell», and, under 5S. Ze¢vaptera: »valves hardly dehiscent». I have seen
opened pods in several species; a diagrammatic section is given in fig. 11, h.
68. S. fernandeziana (Phil.) Skottsb. — Fig. 12 a.
Arbor plurimetralis robusta, cortice obscuro cinereo-fusco sat tenui parum
striato, vetusto quasi squamoso. Folia 6—8 cm longa, rhachide sat dense rufo-
vel cinereohirsuta paulo complanata et sulcatula; foliola 8—12(—14) paria, ellip-
tica vel ellipticolanceolata, basi et apice obtusa, interdum minute emarginata,
8—12(—15) mm longa et 3,5—4(—6) lata, obscure viridia, subtus pallidiora,
supra pilis brevibus cinereis vel rufescentibus inspersa, subtus magis sericea,
serius utrinque glabrata. Flores quam in S. tetraptera e Novozelandia orta
minores, sec. specimina Philippiana a cl. GERMAIN lecta infra depicti. Calyx
obliquus, 10 mm diam. et ad 13 mm longus, dense rufosericeus. Vexillum late
ovatum, acutatum, limbo 27 mm longo et 20 lato, ungue cochleato et incras-
sato, 8 mm longo; alae leviter curvatae limbo ad 25 mm longo et 6 mm lato,
ungue 7 mm longo. Carinae petala falcata, limbo 30 mm longo et 53/2 mm
lato, ungue ad 9 mm. Stamina ad 30 mm longa, antheris linearibus, 2 mm
longis. Ovarium sericeum circ. 2 cm longum leviter curvatum; stylus I cm,
glaber recurvus. Legumen immaturum in specim. nostris num. 322 2—6-locel-
latum, exalatum. PHILIpP1 folia mox caduca solum vidit et illa glabriuscula
dixit, sed in ejusdem typo foliola satis villosa sunt.
Masatierra: BERTERO no. 1516! GERMAIN! Scattered in the forest belt
from near the sea level to a few hundred meters. — Pto Frances (JOHOW); Pto
Ingles, central ridge, 380 m (unr. fr. 19/1 17, no. 322). The following localities
belong to this or to one of its forms: NE. slope of Damajuana, c. 450 m; V.
Colonial, QO. del Monte Maderugo, steep rocks, 390 m.
var. Reedeana (Phil.) Skottsb. — Plate 20, fig. 1; text fig. 11 c, 12 b, 13 b.
Foliola 8—11-paria, elliptica, obtusa, vulgo I0—12 X 5—6 mm, sed usque
ad 17 X 8 mm visa, utrinque, subtus praesertim, dense villosa. Flores sec. speci-
men Philippianum a cl. REED lectum solum descripti. Calyx ut in typo sed
minus obliquus, ad 11 mm longus et 10—11 mm diam. Vexillum limbo sub-
orbiculato, obtusissimo, zo mm longo et 19 lato, ungue crasso lineari 6 mm
longo. Alae limbo oblique lanceolato, basi subcordato, 21 x 6,5 mm, ungue
7 mm longo. Carinae petala minus falcata, limbo 24 x 7,5 mm, ungue 7 mm.
Stamina ad 28 mm longa, antheris anguste ovatis 2,5 mm longis. Ovarium ut
in typo. Legumen maturum in specim. nostris 599 nec non 1238 inventum,
magnum, durum, fuscum nec non pilosiusculum, ad 19,5 cm longum (pedicello
2,5 cm), locellis ellipticis 9 —10 mm longis compressis, alis destitutum sed anguste
4-limbatum. Semina pro genere magna, elliptica, compressa, 8 mm longa, 4—5
lata et 3—4 crassa, castanea, nitidula.
Masatierra: REED! — La Vaqueria, c. 250 m, many large trees in the
bottom of the valley in dry open forest (fr. °/4 17, no. 599); Q. del Juanango,
Emvoomma(it, 4/4 17, mo, 1235):
f. gracilior n. f. ad int. — Fig. 11 a—b, 13 a. —- Specimina sterilia foliis
adultis solum visa; a ceteris differunt ramulis gracillimis nec non rhachide
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 14!
Fig. 12. Analysis of Sophora flowers: a S. fernandeziana orig. GERMAIN; b S. Reedeana orig.
REED; c S. masafuerana leg. JoHow (standard missing); d S. »tefraptera» from Chiloé leg.
SKOTTSBERG; e S. »macnabiana» from Valdivia, leg. Puitippi; f S. microphylla and g S. grandt-
flora from New Zealand. All nat. size. — & keel, w wing, s standard, c calyx, / leaflet, lower side.
foliorum tenui; foliola minora, pro longitudine latiora, glabriuscula. Folia 4—7
cm longa; foliola 6—8(—10)-paria, suborbiculata—late elliptica obtusissima et
emarginata, supra glabra, subtus hirsutula, 6—9 x 3,;5—6 mm. Masatierra: Q.
Damajuana, one tree near the stream, 250 m (no. 63) and higher up on the
slope, 345 m, a few trees (no. 214).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
142 CARL SKOTTSBERG
69. S. masafuerana (Phil.) Skottsb. — Plate 20, fig. 2; text fig. 11 d—g,
I2uC, a1 3x;
Arbor pumila paucimetralis ramis longis tenuibus subflexuosis cortice nigre-
scente. Folia 5—7 cm longa rhachide dense ac longe albo-villosa; foliola 6—10
paria, elliptica-subobovata, obtusissima saepe paulo emarginata, margine + revo-
luto, 8—12 x 5—6 mm, obscure viridia, subtus pallidiora, supra glabra, subtus
inferne et secus medianum pilis albis longis patentibus dense vestita, ceterum
parce pilosa et glabrescentia. Flores sec. specimen a cl. JOHOW lectum descripti.
Calyx late campanulatus, 9 mm longus, ad 13 mm diam., obsolete 5-dentatus,
fulvosericeus. Vexillum non visum. Alae ovato-lanceolatae, limbo 24 X 8 mm,
ungue 6 mm; carinae petala anguste ovata, subobliqua, limbo 28 x Io, ungue
7 mm. Stamina ad 26 mm longa, antheris anguste ovatis 1,5 mm longis. Ova-
rium dense albolanatum ad 22 mm longum; stylus subrectus glaber, 8 mm
longus. Legumen maturum 8—11 cm solum longum, irregulariter 3—7 locel-
Fig. 13. Hairs from leaves of a Sophora fernandeziana (no. 214), b var. Reedeana (no. 599),
c S. masafuerana,; much enlarged.
latum, locellis 8—1o0 mm diam., obscure fuscum, albopilosum, omnino exalatum,
marginibus laevibus vel paulo tuberculatis. Semina haud compressa, obscure
castanea—flavescentia, 6—7 mm longa et 4—6 mm crassa.
Masafuera: GUAJARDO! JoHOW! — Q. de las Casas, on shelves along the
walls of the gorge (fr. **/2 17, no. 504); Q. de las Vacas (JoHOw); Q. Angosta;
Q. del Varadero.
This differs from all other forms in the pubescence of the leaflets, illust-
rated above; part of the hairs are longer and more crisp than in .S. fernandeziana,
as Fig. 13 shows. There is also considerable difference in the flower and, still
more so, in the pod. Besides the characters given the smooth surface of the
pod and the thinness of its walls are to be remembered. The wings, of which
there is a vestige in the former, are quite wanting or, at most, represented
by an irregular row of tubercles. The variation in the colour of the seed should
be noted.
JoHow says that he found a form of Sophora in Masafuera differing from
PHILIPPI’s species, but his material certainly belongs to the latter.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 143
Rutaceae.
Fagara L.
70. F. mayu (Bert., Hook. et Arn.) Engler. — JoHow, Estud. 105. —
Fig. 14 a—d.
Masatierra: The largest forest tree and one of the commonest, ranging
from Pto Frances to Q. Juanango and Co Chumacera and from about 200 m
(or less) to more than 600 m (unr. fr. Dec. 1916, no. 194; buds !1/4 17, no. 617;
male fl. 1°/s 17, no. 617b, leg. K. BACKSTROM).
Fig. 14. a—d Fagara mayu: a & flower with gynaeceum, b Q flower (one petal removed)
with staminode, c 2 in fruit, lateral and apical view, and one carpel, all X 5; d three leaflets,
the central from the lower surface; e F. externa, two leaflets. d—e nat. size.
Leaves to 16 cm long, 3—7 paired; leaflets 25—43 K II—13 mm, ellipt-
ical—lanceolate, faintly or not acuminate, base cuneate, short petiolate; glands
between the marginal teeth distinct but otherwise few or at least few pellucid
ones. Margin of leaflet forming a regular arch; the teeth only 7 to 9 on each
side and mostly all of the same width.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
*71. KF. externa nov. spec. — Fig. I4e.
A F. mayu insulae Masatierrae incola praecipue differt foliorum fabrica.
Folia ad 19 cm longa, 5—8 paria; foliola subsessilia, ovato-elliptica, basi late
rotundata, sat longe et distincte acuminata, 25—48 x 13—I5 mm, margine
dentibus inaequalibus utroque latere ad 20 vel ultra sat irregulariter undulato-
serrata, punctis pellucidis creberrimis conspersa. Planta foeminea fructifera
solum lecta. Fructus maturus irregulariter tuberculato-rugosus; carpella omnia
quinque saepe fertilia. Semina subglobosa, nitida, atropurpurea.
144 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Masafuera: Forest on the Sanchez plain, 515 m; Q. del Mono, c. 475 m
(fr. 2%/2 17, no. 521); Q. del Blindado, 440 m, not uncommon; Q. de la Loberia,
280 m, solitary trees.
Unfortunately, I did not pay sufficient attention to this form while in Masa-
fuera. Back again in Masatierra, I began to realize that the »mayu» in the
other island was different. I do not remember having seen any very large
trees in Masafuera. Of /. mayu I have seen the specimens collected by BERTERO,
CUMING, MOSELEY and PHILIPPI, and all agree perfectly well with each other.
In JoHOW’s herbarium specimens from Masafuera were missing. This is much
to be regretted, as a comparison would have been quite useful. J have figured
the flowers of /. mayu; those of /. externa are unknown, but there is little or
no difference in the fruit and seeds. Still, the leaves are so different that I
have ventured to create a new species.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Euphorbiaceae.
Dysopsis Baill.
72. D. glechomoides (Rich.) Mill. Arg. subsp. hirsuta Mill. Arg. —
JoHow, Estud. 103.
Masatierra: The commonest herb of the dark, humid forests, thriving in
very shady corners where few other species grow and sometimes carpeting the
soil for many square meters. Pto Frances (also observed by JOHOW), primeval
forest, c. 500 m; forests of the Yunque, very common about 500 m; V. Colonial,
Q. Gutierrez, c. 350 m (fl.-fr. “/12 16, no. 42); steep slopes near Portezuelo (also
JoHow), 450-600 m, common (fl.-fr. 4/12 16—*1/7 17, no. 42 b); Q. Seca, 435 m,
common; C. Salsipuedes, common in Dicksonza-rich forest c. 600 m; Q. Villagra,
in many places; Q. de la Choza, 3—400 m, not unfrequent.
The island form, which was the type of a species in Herb. BERTERO,
but not described by him, seems to be very constant. It differs from the two
continental forms in the dense pubescence, the more oblong leaves and the
smaller seeds. MULLER AkG. distinguished the Chilean form as the type and
called the island plant var. Azrsuta. I have been inclined to regard the latter
as a species. GRUNING, in »Pflanzenreich» Vol. IV, Pt 147:8, p. 286, retains
the forms as varieties; I prefer to regard them as geographical subspecies, as
they inhabit widely separated areas and transitions are unknown. Subsp. genuzna
ranges from Chillan to Fuegia, /zrsuta is endemic in Masatierra and pauczden-
tata only known from the Andes of Ecuador. JD. *hzrsufa is perennial and not,
as says GRUNING, annual or perennial; the stamens are mostly six and not
three; the petiole often measures 2 cm.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra: see above.
TfTHE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 145
Empetraceae.
Empetrum L.
*
*73. E. rubrum Vahl.
Masafuera: On the top of Los Inocentes, c. 1500 m (no. 379).
An important addition to the magellanic element. Only one large and
very old shrub had been discovered when the impenetrable mountain fog closed
upon us and forced us to abandon the summit. The specimen was without
flower or fruit, but the leaves are quite like those of E. ruérum, such as I have
collected it in many places in the south.
Area of distribution: Cordillera of Valdivia to Fuegia and the Falkland
Islands.
Rhamnaceae.
Colletia Comm.
74. C. spartioides Bert. ex Colla. — JoHow, Estud. 104.
Masatierra: BERTERO! — Rocky places in the forest region, rare. Pto
Frances (acc. to Gay); El Pangal, east wall of the gorge, not far from the
waterfall, c. 220 m (fr. 7/1 17, no. 226, also found by JoHOw); NE. precipice
of Co Damajuana, 500—550 m; V. Colonial, Q. del Monte Maderugo, 390 m
(fr. 34/1 17, no. 336); Pto Ingles, on the central ridge in a very steep place on
the west slope (fr. 19/1 17, no. 320).
Seeds ovoid, slightly keeled on their ventral side, 3,5; mm long, very dark
brown to almost black, highly polished. JOoHOW describes the leaves as »esca-
sisimas, pequefias i rudimentarias», but in the young shoots they are numerous
and of regular size. The branches soon become leafless.
On BERTERO’s label is written: >in sylvaticis petrosis montium editiorum>.
Gay, Bot. H.35, quotes Co//etia from Pto Frances and says that it flowers in
March. JOHOW lists as collectors only BERTERO and JOHOW, but, as seen
above, the species is not quite so rare as has been supposed.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Flacourtiaceae.
Azara Ruiz et Pav.
75. A. fernandeziana Gay. — A. serrata Ruiz et Pav. var. fernandeziana
- (Gay) Reiche, Fl. de Chile I. 134; JoHow, Estud. 109. — Fig. 15 a.
Masatierra: In the montane forest, supposed by JOHOW to be limited to
a single locality, but found in many places by the writer. Only a single or
some few trees were observed in each place. — C. Chifladores, small valley
facing the Frances Valley, solitary, c. 500 m; on the ridge separating Q. Laura
10 — 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
146 CARL SKOTTSBERG
from Q. Piedra Agujereada, c. 500 m, rare; V. Colonial, below Portezuelo,
c. 450 m, one large tree in dense forest (fl. */12 16, no. 8) and 570 m, two
small plants; C. Central, c. 400 m; Q. Gutierrez, 350—450 m, rare (fl. “liz 16,
no. 41); Q. Seca, c. 500 m; C. Salsipuedes; mountain ridge west of Co Yunque,
530 m; Q. Villagra, 500-550 m, scattered (unr. fr. Apr. 17, no. 584); Q. dela
Choza, several trees, c. 300 m. :
In Stud. 18 I restored GAy’s species, saying that it differs quite as much
from serrata as this from J/anceolata. This statement is not correct, for the
island species is very near se7-
rata. Of the latter I have seen
ample material in Santiago and
Kew. We learn from the original
description (Bot. I. 196), that A.
fernandeziana Nas membranous
leaves and a fruit twice as long
as the calyx, while A. serrata
has coriaceous leaves and the
fruit three to four times as long
as the calyx. The only notable
difference in STEUDEL’s descrip-
tion (Flora 1856, 421) is the
glabrous calyx in the former,
but the calyx is hairy in both.
REICHE tried to distinguish the
island form by the broad, thin
leaves; JoHow adds that the berries are pure white, while, in A. serrata, they
are blue and glaucous. I have not seen any quite ripe fruits of A. fernandezzana,
but all I have are very dark, and I doubt they would have turned white, had
they been left to ripen.
The species is upheld with hesitation. Certainly there are differences (see
fig. 15); the leaves are thinher (but not broader, nor are the stipules larger),
the pubescence of the stem and peduncles is denser, the sepals 2,;—3 mm long
against I,5—2 in serrata, the anthers a trifle larger, the style shorter, 3,5 mm
against 4—5 in the other.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Fig. 15. Flower and sepals of a Azara fernandeziana,
b A. serrata. X 5.
Myrtaceae.
Ugni Turcz.
76. U. Selkirkii (Hook. et Arn.) Berg. — Jonow, Estud. QI.
Masatierra: Common on the highest ridges above the forest, associated
with Pernettya rigida but much more scarce than this. C. Centinela, 500—800 m;
ridges of Co Damajuana, large shrubs (fl. ?°/1 17, no. 352); V. Colonial, C. Central,
450—570 m; Portezuelo de Viilagra, the steep slope of Co Piramide, 575—600 m
(buds 72/1 17, fl. 31/1 17, no. 329); C. Salsipuedes, 500—700 m.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 147
Myrteola Berg.
*77. M. nummularia (Poir.) Berg.
Masafuera, in the alpine region: near the Correspondencia Camp, 1130 m
(fr. °/3 17, no. 376); C. del Barril, foot of C. Atravesado, 1350 m (past fl.-fr.
Ses kR 00. 548); east slope of Los Inocentes, c. 1200 m, and below the summit,
1350—1400 m (fl.-fr. °/s 17, no. 377).
Another interesting addition to the subantarctic group. The specimens
from Inocentes have almost orbicular leaves, being more »typical», while, in
the rest, they are more ovate.
Area of distribution: Chile, Cordillera of Nahuelbuta and Valdivia to
Fuegia and the Falkland Islands.
Myrceugenia Berg.
78. M. fernandeziana (Hook. et Arn.) Berg. — JoHow, Estud. 94.
Masatierra: The leading forest tree, common from near the sea level to
the high ridges and ranging from Pto Frances to the westernmost forest patches
of Q. Juanango and Co Chumacera. Fl. Dec. 1916 (nos. 39, 75); unr. fr.
March—Apr. 1917 (no. 575).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
79. M. Schulzei Johow, Estud. 96 (as Schu/sz7z, but named in honour of
Mr. J. Schulze).
Masafuera: The principal forest tree, forming a belt in the valleys between
200 and 800 m, more or less. Fl. Feb. 1917 (no. 505).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Gunneraceae.
Gunnera L.
80. G. peltata Phil. — Jonow, Estud. 98; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 12, Fig. 2.
Syn. G. msularis Schindl. zon Phil. — Fig. 16 a.
Masatierra: Common in the forested parts, preferring humid ravines,
where the stem and leaves attain a very great size. Not seen at a lower
altitude than 160 m. It reaches the foot of the high ridges, where intermediate
_forms between this and G. éracteata are found. To the west of Villagra, on
the south side of the island, G. fe/tata descends into the ravines below the
limit of the forest, reaching its farthest west at the foot of Co Tres Puntas.
Fl. Q-stage Dec. 1916 (nos. 87, 139); fr. Jan. 1917 (no. 139 b).
I have not much to add to my earlier account of this species. This time
young plants were found in plenty; they are more or less coarsely villous. The
lamina of the first leaves is reniform and not peltate, while the leaves of the
148 CARL SKOTTSBERG
adult plant nearly always are peltate. Inflorescences collected Dec. 1916 had
lost their petals and stamens. The stigmas were white in these specimens, not
crimson as stated for the plants examined before.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
81. G. bracteata Steud. — JOHow, Estud. 99; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 10,
Fig. 1. Syn. G. zxsularts Phil. zon Schindl. — Fig. 16 b.
Masatierra: In the central parts of the island, much more rare than the
former and belonging to the region of dwarf trees and shrubs along the ridges.
Seldom found below 500 m. — El Rabanal (JOHOW); Pico Central (JoHow);
Portezuelo de Villagra, common in the vicinity of the pass, c. 550—600 m
(unr.-fr. 2/12 16, no. 1; also observed by JoHOW); C. Salsipuedes, scattered in
the thickets on the crest, c. 600 m; highest part of QO. Villagra, c. 500 m, with
an unusually large stem but otherwise typical. — Forma folizts plerumque pel-
tatis: C. Centinela, 700—800 m, common (fr. '*/4 17, no. 610). A remarkable
form, found in considerable quantities on the high ridge east of Co Yunque.
The leaves generally are peltate; this is, as will be shown below, not uncommon
in intermediate forms, explained as hybrids, but no. 610 is a typical bracteata
as to all other vegetative characters. Still, it may not be quite pure.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
[G. msularis Phil. (see SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 14). Young plants of G. drac-
teata, collected by the writer, are identical with PHILIPPI’s type of zzsa/arzs in
Herb. Santiago, leg. GERMAIN 1854!
G. pyramidalis Schindl. (see SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 14). 1 have tried in vain
to get hold of the type; I am convinced that it is not a separate species. The
type consists of a piece of an old spike of BERTERO no. 1463, without leaves
or ligules. It differs in the very small bracts, considerably smaller than in the
top region even, of the other species. I don’t know if the bracts in the type
are intact; I have seen old spikes where they have disappeared, leaving a
stump standing. In Herb. Kew I saw such a piece of BERTERO 1463 (this
number embraces all the forms of Guunera from Masatierra); it belongs to G.
bracteata. |
G. bracteata Steud. x peltata Phil. — Plate 13, 2; text fig. 16 c—i.
Near Portezuelo JOHOW found a Gunnera with rugose leaves and entire
scales, regarded by him as a bastard between the two species. I have found
numerous intermediate forms in several places; as hardly one is like the other,
I believe they are hybrids and also that the F I-generation is fertile so that
we get an F 2 and following generations. As the two species differ in many
characters and as there are so many possibilities to combine these, the theoretical
result will be a long series of forms uniting the two extremes, and this is
exactly what we find.
The main differences between pe/tata and édrvacteata may be summarized
as follows.
G. peltata: Leaves orbicular, reniform of generally peltate, rugose, petiole
and lower surface of the blade with scattered tubercles on the larger veins,
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 149
upper surface very rugose. Scales crimson, long and narrow, with thick fleshy
midrib, densely and deeply lacerate, very hirsute on back. Scape more or less
pilose, bracts linear, oblanceolate-acute. Budding parts not very slimy.
A ont
|
Fig. 16. Scales of Gunnerae: a G. peltata, b G. bracteata, e—i intermediate forms — see text!
All # nat. size.
G. bracteata: Adult leaves orbicular-reniform, smooth, glabrous and lustrous,
petiole smooth. Scales green or brownish green, thin, entire, broad ovate, very
blunt but sometimes apiculate. Scape glabrous, bracts spathulate. Budding
parts embedded in thick mucilage.
Intermediate forms were observed in Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra,
near the road, c. 300 m (no. 1230) and one fine specimen c. 500 m (Plate 13, 2);
close to the pass, c. 575 m (fr. 7/4 17, no. 585, *°/4 17, no. 624); C. Salsipuedes,
150 CARL SKOTTSBERG
600—650 m, common together with the supposed parents (fr. */12 16, no. 80,
13/, 17, no. 80a, b); Pto Ingles, central ridge, 575 m (fr. 19/1 17, no. 323);
Q. Villagra, c. 500 m (fr. *°/1 17, no. 1218).
The following notes on the leaves and scales of these specimens will give
an idea of the range of variation.
No. 624. Fig. 16 c. — Adult leaves all peltate, very rugose below, larger
tubercles on veins and petiole few, small; blade almost smooth above. Scales
linear—triangular, slightly pilose on back, reddish brown; margins short lacerate.
Scape glabrous, bracts mostly gone, remaining ones + intermediate in shape.
No. 1230. Fig. 16 d. — Leaves peltate, petiole aculeate and pilose, nerves
with few tubercles, lower surface rugulose, upper very rough, thus leaves like
those of feltata, but the lobes more blunt. Scales entire to short lacerate,
ovate to linear-triangulate, reddish brown, pilose on back.
No. 585. Fig. 16 e. — Leaves only slightly peltate, otherwise as in fel-
tata; scales narrow linear to triangular, reddish brown, shortly lacerate, densely
pilose on back. Scape pilose, bracts as in peléata. Spike less dense than in
this. Budding parts more slimy than in fe/tata.
No. 323. Fig. 16f. — Leaves not peltate, with acute, serrate lobes, pil-
ose on the nerves below, with few and low tubercles. Scales ovate—triangulate,
acute, entire or slightly dentate, brownish green with reddish centre, a little
pilose on back. Scape glabrous; no intact bracts left.
No. 80a. Fig. 16 g. — Leaves slightly or incompletely peltate, slightly
rugose below and almost smooth above, petiole strongly aculeate. Scales ovate—
triangulate, acute, entire or dentate, greenish brown with reddish centre, glabrous.
Scape glabrous, bracts as in éracteata.
No. 80 6. — Like the former, but leaves peltate and nearly smooth on
bothsides. Scales narrower, rarely dentate, slightly pilose on back. Bracts a
little narrower.
No. 80. Fig. 16h. — Leaves peltate, smooth, slightly pilose on the nerves;
petiole with scattered low emergences. Scales greenish brown with reddish
centre, broad linear—triangular, acute, entire or lacerate in the upper half, almost
elabrous. Scape nearly glabrous, bracts of feltata type.
No. 1218. Fig. 16 i. — Leaves not peltate, nearly smooth above, slightly
rugose and aculeate below. Scales green, ovate—triangular, acute, entire or
lacerate, a little pilose on back. Scape glabrous. No intact bracts left.
82. G. Masafuerae Skottsb. — Stud. 14, Fig. 3; Taf. 3—4.
Masafuera: known before only from Q. de las Casas, now found in many
places and not at all confined to the canyons, but quite common higher up on
the mountain slopes or in the shallow ravines in the alpine region. — Along the
road to Las Chozas, open spaces in the forest belt; in the higher treeless tracts
between 700 and 1100 m, extensive patches in some places; Q. de las Casas,
between stones by the stream and on the rock walls of the canyon (unr.-fr.
8/9 17, no. 400); Q. de las Vacas, reaching farther down owing to the greater
supply of water; Q. del Blindado, in the forest, 440 m; Q. Angosta, by the
waterfall; Q. de la Loberfa, 280 m, in open forest. Also in the alpine region:
THE PHANEROGAMS OF ‘THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 151
on the western wall of the island, not uncommon; near Las Torres, 1350 m;
top of Co Correspondencia, c. 1400 m.
To my description of 1914 the following notes should be added. Old
trunks sometimes as much as */2 m high and 2 dm across; petiole to 11/2 m
long, occasionally as much as 12 cm wide at base; largest lamina measured
2,8; m across. Scales densly pilose on back, as in G. feltata. Largest scapes
measured 1,67 and 1,75 m, respectively, very heavy, drooping, as much as 26 cm
across at base.
This species has larger leaves than the other Juan Fernandez species.
Besides by other characters, it is distinguished by the branches of the spike
becoming conspicuously incrassate in the fruiting state. The fruit is bright
orange red turning crimson when ripe.
In No. 400 transitions were found between normal leaves and the so-called
»ligules», showing that the latter are not ligular structures, but reduced leaves,
homologous with the large green leaves as well as with the reduced bracts.
I shall return to these organs in another paper.
The young petioles of G. Masafuerae have a more agreeable, less acid
taste than those of G. felfata; they are quite refreshing, a fact well known to
the islanders, who distinguished G. MJasafuerae as a special sort of »nalca»
(native name for the petioles) long before it was described by the writer.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Halorrhagidaceae.
Halorrhagis Forst.
A species of Halorrhagis was first collected in Masatierra by Mrs. GRAHAM
in 1823 and later by SCOULER, BERTERO, CUMING, GERMAIN, PHILIPPI, REED,
MOSELEY and JOHOW, also by me in 1908. I have seen specimens brought
by all these collectors. SCHINDLER, Pflanzenreich, also quotes J. D. HOOKER,
who never visited Juan Fernandez. All the specimens were referred to one
species and identified with Cercodia erecta Murr. Comment. Goetting. II (1780) 3
tape-t = 77. alata Jacq. = 7. erecta (Murr.) ‘Schindler, 1. ¢. IV. 225 (1905) 49,
fig. 14. The plant from Masatierra goes under one of these names in all
publications and herbaria, also in the monograph of SCHINDLER. In 1908, the
same name was used by me, on the authority of SCHINDLER. At that time I
had no reason to doubt his statements, with one exception, viz. that he quotes
Hf. erecta as a native of Chile (GERMAIN); it does not occur on the continent,
and GERMAIN’s specimens came from Juan Fernandez.
After I had discovered a number of forms in Masafuera, I began to study
H!. erecta from New Zealand and found that the plant from Masatierra was a
distinct species. It is evident that SCHINDLER based his description on speci-
mens from both New Zealand and Juan Fernandez (Masatierra).
Before my visit in 1908 Halorrhagis had been brought from Masafuera
only by GERMAIN. No distinction was made between this and the form in
Masatierra. Both are quite smooth, but otherwise’ very different from each
152 CARL SKOTTSBERG
other. I have seen GERMAIN’s plant and I have collected the same species in
several places in 1917. The form I found in 1908 was, however, not this, but
a very scabrous one, more like the true /7. erecta; it was mentioned in my
account as var. scabva. I have found it in many places in 1917, in flower and
fruit. It stands very near erecta, but must be kept separate.
Thus, H. erecta does not occur in Juan Fernandez, but is replaced by
three different species. On the other hand, it seems that //. evecta of New
Fig. 17. a—e Halorrhagis erecta, cult.: a leaves, nat. size, b bud, X 6,6, ¢ sepal and d petal,
X 20, e fruits, X 66. f—g H. erecta leg. Cheeseman: f leaf, nat. size; g fruits, X 6,6. h fruits
ot H. Colensoi and i of H. cartilaginea, X 6.
Zealand comprises two distinct plants. MURRAY described a scabrid plant with
alate fruits (see fig. 17 a--g). In Herb. Kew I saw specimens of this kind col-
lected by FORSTER, CUNNINGHAM, BUCHANAN, J. D. HOOKER, CHEESEMAN a. 0.
IORSTER’S specimens are less scabrous than the rest. But under the same
name was a smooth form collected by COLENSO, with small, barely alate fruits,
recalling my A. masaterrana in habitus, but differing in the shape and size of
the fruit (see fig. 17 h). I have called this H. Colensoz.
Hf. cartilaginea Cheesem., later reduced to a variety of H/. erecta (Man.
N. Z. Flora 148) was justly reestablished by SCHINDLER. It seems to be
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 153
a very distinct species (fig. 171). To the same subsection Cercodia (Murr.)
Schindl. also belong //. /aevis, exalata and fpedicellata, all natives of Eastern
Australia.
Key to Subsect. Cercodia.
Memeescrials, (IGeNtate ted, Pedwclala Schindl.
II. Sepals entire.
A. Whole plant more or less scabrid.
1. Densely scabro-velutinous. Leaves thick, broadly ovate.
FT, cartilaginea Cheesem.
2. Coarsely scabrid. Leaves thin.
a. Stem with large, scattered hooks. Teeth of leaves pungent.
H, exalata F. Mill.
b. Stem with minute prickles, teeth of leaves not pungent.
7. Leaves barely scabrous. Stigma papillae few-celled. Fruit
mare than esa fone |* eer ff. erecta (Murr.) Schindl.
6. Leaves very scabrous. Papillae multicellular. Fruit hardly
2 mmileney Meee. 2 Ae. TT agama Skettsb.
B. Whole plant perfectly smooth.
i eaves larce, natrowauccolate. Se. gees Schindl.
2. Leaves ovate or broad lanceolate.
a. Fruit large, generally over 4 mm.
x. Narrow ovoid, distincly costate. 7. masatierrana Skottsb.
6. Broad ovoid, not costate. ......... H. masafuerana Skottsb.
B-) Proit Smallec.”3muttong: <2)... AZ. \Colensoz, Skottsb.
*83. HH. asperrima nov. spec. — Syn. 7. erecta var. scabra, SKOTTS-
BERG, Stud. — Fig. 18.
Suffrutex semimetralis, glaber sed scaberrimus, fere a basi opposite ramo-
sus. Rami tetragoni longitudinaliter ac conspicue 4-lineati, lineis elevatis valde
scabris. Folia opposita, superiora saepe alternantia, internodiis sat longis sepa-
rata, tenuia, Jaete—obscure viridia subtus paulo pallidiora, ubique asperrima,
ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, basi cuneato-rotundata, longe (10—18 mm vel inter-
dum ultra) petiolata, lamina argute serrata dentibus distincte apiculatis utrinque
I2—14, 30—50 mm longa et 10—22 mm lata, superiora sensim minora, pro
magnitudine longe petiolata, anguste lanceolata — ovato-rhomboidea, parcius
dentata — subintegra. Inflorescentia spicata foliosa, e dichasiis bracteolatis 3—7-
floris composita. Flores brevissime pedicellati (*/2 mm), omnino scabri. Ovarium
tetragono-ovoideum, interdum mox alatum, I,2—I,; mm longum et I mm latum.
Sepala 4 acute triangulata, minute denticulata, 0a—O 9 mm longa. Petala 4
navicularia, carinata et in carina scabra, breviter unguiculata, 2—2,5 mm longa,
viridia—alborosea. Stamina 8 filamentis tenuissimis c. 1,5 mm longis, antheris flavis
dorso + rubescentibus, I—1,s5 mm longis. Styli 4, ad 0,8 mm longi, stigmata alba
vel rosea papillis longis multicellularibus. Fructus scaber, viridis— obscure violaceus
tetragono ovoideus pyriformis exalatus vel 4-alatus, cum sepalis persistentibus
2,7—3 mm longus et 2 mm latus, inter margines alarum autem ad 4 mm metiens.
154 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Masafuera: SKOTTSBERG 1908, ster. — Q. de las Casas, quite common
(f-fr. ‘4/2 17, no. 457 — f. fructibus alatis); Q. de las Vacas (fl.-fr. 1°/2 17,
no. 442 — f. non alata); Q. del Blindado, in the forest c. 440 m; Q. del Vara-
dero; on the precipice above Buque Varado, c. 1200 m.
Fig. 18. Halorrhagis asperrima; a—f from no. 457: a two lower and b three upper leaves,
nat. size; ¢ flower (petals and anthers removed), X 6,6; d sepal and e petal, X 20; f fruits, X 6,6.
g—p from no. 442: g two lower, h three upper leaves, nat. size; i flower on male and k on
female stage, X 6,6; 1 sepal and m petal, X 20; n typical fruits, o with trace of wings, p one
of these seen from the top, all X 6,6.
No. 457 and 442 are so unlike each other that I have been inclined to
bring them to different species. No. 457 is wholly green, the leaves are broader,
especially in the floral region, the branches thinner, the fruit mostly alate with
low, broad wings, see fig. 18 a—f. No. 442 is more or less tinged with antho-
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 155
cyanin — though never so bright red as //. erecta —, the leaves are narrower,
the fruit only slightly tetragonous and mostly without a trace of wings, see
fig. 18 g—p. Fruits from both numbers were sown in the Gothenburg Garden
and yielded numerous plants; at present I have 13 specimens of no. 457 and
32 of no. 442 in cultivation. The latter are exactly like the mother plant, but
the former are unlike no. 457 and habitually very like no. 442. Still, small
wings develop in many fruits as in the mother plant, but not so regularly. 1
suppose the difference in vegetative characters is due to external conditions,
but it is less probable that these should influence the development of wings.
H. asperrima is very near H. erecta, but this is less scabrous and the
leaves are nearly smooth, especially the margin, which, in 4. asferrima, is
thickly beset with microscopic aculei. The stigma-papillae are mostly 2-celled
and the fruit 3,s—4 mm long in erecéa.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
84. H. masatierrana nov. spec. — H. alata (erecta), JOHOW, Estud. 97,
SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 10, zoz Murr. nec Jacq.; SCHINDLER in Pflanzenreich p. p.
— Fig. 19.
Fig. 19. Halorrhagis masatierrana: a two lower, b three upper leaves, nat. size; ¢ flower on
male and d on female stage, X 6,6; e sepal and f petal, x 20; g fruits of no. 304, h of JoHow
no. 6, all x 6,6.
Suffrutex 2—5 dm altus, glaber, laevissimus, fere a basi opposite ramosus.
Rami cylindraceo-tetragoni, longitudinaliter 4-lineati, cortice + rufescente. Folia
omnia opposita vel superiora florigera alternantia, discoloria, supra laete
viridia, subtus glaucescentia, inferiorum lamina ovata, acuta, basi late cuneata,
petiolo 3—8 mm longo suffulta, plerumque 15—30 mm longa et g—14 mm lata,
156 CARL SKOTTSBERG
regulariter serrata dentibus utrinque 6—9, superiora multo minora, paucidentata-
subintegra, basi longe cuneata, suprema bracteiformia. Inflorescentia densa
vel laxa, foliosa, e dichasiis bracteolatis plerumque 3-floris composita. Flores
brevissime (I mm) pedicellati, omnino laeves. Ovarium subtetragonum et sat
distincte 8-lineatum, 0,.—1I mm longum et fere latum, cum pedicello + rufescens,
Sepala 4 late ovato-triangularia, suberecta, 0,, mm longa. Petala 4 navicularia
alborosea carinata, 3—3,5 mm longa, manifeste unguiculata. Stamina 8 fila-
mentis c. 1 mm longis, antheris flavo-roseis 2—2,3 mm. Styli 4, 0,8 mm longi,
stigmata rosea papillis pauci-(1—3)cellularibus. Fructus anguste tetragono-
ovoideus, in specim. num. 304 cum sepalis 4—4,5 mm longus et I,7—I,9 mm
latus, non alatus sed lineis paulo elevatis 8 notatus, fusco-viridis.
Masatierra: Not rare on the dry, rocky ridges, also on open, stony
ground in the forest belt. Rabanal (JOHow); El Pangal, on the western slope;
C. Centinela (JoHoOw); V. Colonial, C. Central (also JOHOW), 570 m (fl.-fr. 78/1 17,
no. 304), Q. del Monte Maderugo, road-side in the macal, 240 m, and rocky
wall, 390 m; C. Salsipuedes, frequent, 350—650 m (fl. 7°/12 16, no. 172); Porte-
zuelo de Villagra, not rare on both sides (fl. °/12 16, no. 34 — also observed
by JoHow); ridge between Vaqueria and Q. Juanango, 300 m; Q. Juanango,
outer part. South side of the island, Q. Villagra, rare in the forest c. 500 m;
east side of B. Chupones, barren slopes.
This differs widely from the typical scabrous 7. erecta, but it is more like
what I have called 77. Colensoz, especially the more stunted form of A. masa-
tierrana, growing on the sunny ridges (no. 34, 172). Of this I got no fruits.
JoHow collected fruiting specimens of exactly the same habitus (no. 6). The
fruits of these, only 3,s—4 mm long (but hardly quite ripe) come very near
H.. Colensot, where, however, they are transversely rugose. Both have traces
of wings (see fig. 19 h and 17h). Still, I believe there is only one species in
Masatierra and that A. Colensoz is different.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
*85. H. masafuerana nov. spec. — Syn. 7. alata, JoHOW, Estud. 98
quoad plantam e Masafuera. — Fig. 20.
Suffrutex semimetralis patente opposite ramosus glaber laevissimus. Rami
cylindracei—obscure tetragoni 4-lineati. Folia subcarnosula laete viridia, inferiora
petiolo 8—10 mm longo suffulta, lamina ovato-lanceolata, basi late cuneata,
margine incrassata, grosse serrata dentibus utrinque g—1II, c. 45 mm longa et
20 mm lata, superiora sensim minora et brevius petiolata, suprema subrhomboidea
subintegra. Inflorescentia laxa foliosa, e dichasiis bracteolatis 1—3 (rarius ad 5)-
floris composita. Flores brevissime ('/2—1 mm) pedicellati, omnino laeves.
Ovarium ovoideum 1,5 mm longum et I,2 latum. Sepala 4 triangulata margine
integro, I—I,2 mm longa. Petala 4 viridia fusconotata, navicularia, carinata,
manifeste unguiculata, 2,,—3 mm longa. Stamina 8 filamentis ad 1,5 mm longis,
antheris ad 1,6 mm. Styli sepalis aequilongi, stigmata alba, papillis longis sed
paucicellularibus. Fructus pyriformis quam in ceteris major, cum sepalis 4,2— 4,6
mm longus, basi 3—3,2 mm latus, fere semper alis omnino destitutus, maturus
+ violascens, in sicco obscure 4-sulcatus. Adsunt specimina fructibus tubercu-
latis nec non alia fructibus irregulariter alulatis.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS
157
Masafuera: GERMAIN oct. 1854 (Herb. Santiago!); QO. de las Vacas, on
the walls in the outer section (fr. '°/2 17, no. 441 — f. tuberculata); stony beach
near Varadero (fr. °”/2 17, no. 1216); Q. de la Loberia, near the shore (fr. **/2 17,
no. 485 — f. alulata).
Hf. masafuerana differs from all others in the size and shape of the fruit
and in the smooth, shiny stems, leaves etc. I have sown seeds of all the
different numbers; of no. 1216 I have numerous, of 441 a few plants in cultiva-
tion. The difference between them is slight, and the tubercles on the fruit of
Fig. 20. Halorrhagis masafuerana; a—f trom no. 1216: a lower, b upper leaves, nat. size;
c flower on male and d on female stage, X 6,6; e sepal, X 20; f fruits X 6,6. g—h from no.
441: g petal, X 20; h fruits, X 6,6; i fruits of no. 485, X 6,6.
the latter become pronounced only with desiccation, but are quite wanting even
in the dry fruits of no. 1216. More material is needed to decide whether
no. 441 represents a distinct variety. Of no. 485, the seeds did not germinate.
Fruits of all the forms are figured.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Umbelliferae.
Eryngium L.
86. E. bupleuroides Hook et Arn. — JoHow, Estud. 100; SKOTTSBERG,
Stud. ci6, bat. 59 Fiow4:, 2 Fig) .2) ag.
158 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Masatierra: Not uncommon near the limit of the forest, along the higher
ridges etc., rarely seen below 400 m. — C. Centinela, rather common on the
ridge (also observed by JoHow); El Pangal, west branch, on the slopes from
400 m; in the gap between Co Damajuana and Co Yunque, c. 580 m; V. Colonial,
C. Central, 400—570 m, scattered; Q. del Monte Maderugo, steep slopes 390—
500 m (fl. *4/1 17, no. 335); Portezuelo de Villagra, on both sides (fl-fr. Dec.
1916, no. 4, also observed by JoHOw); Pto Ingles, central ridge, c. 470 m; the
ridge between Vaqueria and Q, Juanango, c. 300 m; forest on a mountain spur
west of Co Yunque, 550 m; Q. de la Choza, foot of the steep ridge, 4oo—450 m;
south wall of Co Chumacera.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
#87. E. imaccessum nov. spec. — Plate 12. Text fig. 21 h—p.
Arbuscula glaberrima saltem ad '/2 m alta, parce pseudodichotome ramosa.
Radix primaria profunde infossa parce ramosa. Truncus primarius ad 25 mm
diam., cortice fusco leviter longitudinaliter striato et passim transverse rimoso;
rami ultimi cicatricibus foliorum densissime annulati. Folia ad apices ramorum
densissime rosulata, semiamplexicaulia, sessilia, valde firma, crassiuscula, obscure
viridia et subnitida nervis perplurimis parallelis (circ. 5—7 crassioribus) percursa,
late lineari-lanceolata, acutissima, apice pungentia, I0O—15 cm longa et I,s— 2,7 cm
lata, basi 1,.—2 cm; maxima visa 17,5—23 cm longa et 2,8—3,8 cm lata, basi
I,8—2,6 cm; margine angustissime scariosa, infra apicem dentibus acutissimis
pungentibus utroque latere 1—4 (plerumque 2—3) munita, rarissime integerrima.
Inflorescentia terminalis monocephala, scapo complanato 6—11 cm longo circ.
5 X 7 mm diam., cavo, viridi-violaceo. Involucrum ad 23-phyllum phyllis crassis
durisque, acutis, pungentibus, basi incrassatis, supra obscure violaceis, subtus
viridibus, anguste triangulatis, margine paulo incrassatis, 20—25 mm longis et
4—5 mm latis. Capitulum magnum atroviolaceum depresso-hemisphaericum,
21—27 mm altum et 27—37 mm latum; receptaculum vaginis bractearum pro-
funde alveolatum, intus cavum, caverna ad 17 mm lata et 13 mm alta, pariete
2 mm solum crasso. Bracteae anguste rectangulato-subspathulatae, firmae, sub-
carnosae, basi incrassatae albae, amplexiflorae, apice truncatae et obscure
violaceae, margine angustissime albonotatae, ad 7-8 mm longae et basi 2—3 mm
latae. Flores numerosissimi, jam deflorati solum visi, staminibus exceptis 7 mm
longi. Sepala rectangulata, cochleata, apice truncata et + emarginata, sat crassa,
alboviridia apice obscure violacea, 3—3,5 mm longa et I,s;—2 mm lata. Petala
ex albo violascentia, duplicato-inflexa, apice subdentata, 2—2,1 mm longa et
0,7 mm lata, mox decidua. Stamina violacea filamentis 5 mm longis apice in-
curvis, antheris ovatis 1,; mm longis. Stylopodium crateriforme viride; styli
3—4 mm longi, atroviolacei. Mericarpium fuscum subnitidum 4—5 mm longum
et 2,5 mm latum, ambitu truncato-ovale, late et obtuse carinatum, dorso laeve
vel inconspicue tuberculatum, sub apice appendicibus calycinis sat magnis or-
natum, margine anguste alatum nec non dentatum.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, on the precipitous walls facing SW.
and SE., c. 620 m, about a dozen specimens seen (past fl. *°/12 16, no. 196).
A very distinct and conspicuous species of the well known insular type
of rosulate dwarf-trees; in spite of growing close to the most frequented spot
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 159
I
h t
h
Fig. 21. a—g Eryngium bupleuroides: a \eaves, $ nat. size; b involucral leaves, outside and
inside, nat. size; ¢ bracts, outside and inside; d flower; e id. in fruit; f sepal (inside); g petal;
c—gX5. h—p &. énaccessum.: h leaves, } nat. size; i involucral leaf (inside), nat. size; k bracts,
inside and outside; 1 fruit, m mericarp from the back, n sepals, o petal, p stamen; k—p X 5.
q—u E. fernandezianum: q leaves, } nat. size; r involucral leaves, inside and outside, nat size;
s flower, t bract, u sepal; s—u X 5.
in the island it seems to have escaped the attention of all earlier visitors. The
place where it was found is a perfectly perpendicular and thoroughly inaccessible
160 CARL SKOTTSBERG
rock wall, and it cost us considerable trouble to obtain sufficient material.
The photograph on Plate 12 is of a complete specimen that had been lowered
down from the cliff.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
88. E. fernandezianum Skottsb. Stud. 17, Fig. 5. — Fig. 21 q—u.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, c. 600 m, two specimens at the foot
of the crest west of the pass (past fl. 74/12 16, no. 188).
Described from a fragment without flowers or fruit, collected by me in
1908, as far as I can understand taken from one of the two bushes seen in 1917.
They bore flower heads, but petals and stamens were gone. No ripe fruits
were encountered. A complete description is given below.
Arbuscula glaberrima 0,7; m saltem alta, erecta, pseudodichotome ramosa,
ramis 5—1IO mm crassis, junioribus creberrime annulatis. Folia ad apices ramo-
rum confertissime rosulata, firma et crassiuscula, basi tenuiora subamplexicaulia,
nervis perplurimis parallelis percursa, nervo centrali magis conspicuo et in pagina
inferiore leviter incrassato, linearia, subspathulata, acuta, margine in parte
dimidia vel tertia superiore serratodentata dentibus mitibus utroque latere 5—9
(plerumque 6 vel 7), 6—12,3 cm longa et 11—25 mm lata, basi g—12 mm.
Inflorescentia terminalis monocephala, scapo 5—6 cm longo et 3 mm crasso
superne cavo. Involucrum circ. 18-phyllum phyllis longissime triangulatis acutis
basi incrassatis, margine inferne scariosis, supra colore fuscoviridi in violaceum
spectante, subtus viridibus, ad 20 mm longis et 5 mm latis. Capitulum circ.
17 mm altum et 20 latum, viridi-violascens. Receptaculum cavum caverna
6—9 mm alta et 8—12 mm diam. Bracteae lineari-subspathulatae, apice trun-
cato-rotundatae, basi incrassatae, 5 mm longae et I,5—2 latae, hyalino-albidae,
apice violaceae. Flores confertissimi omnes jam deflorati, 6 mm longi et 3 mm
diam. Sepala ovata, rotundato-acutata, margine scariosa, viridia, apice viola-
scentia, 2,;—3 mm longa et I,5—1I,7 mm lata. Petala... Stamina... Stylo-
podium crateriforme obscure viride. Styli 4,5—5 mm longi virides. Mericarpium
immaturum 3,5 mm longum, viride, sectione triangulare, apice circumcirca appen-
diculatum, dorso et margine appendiculis humilioribus ornatum.
I am strongly inclined to regard this as a bastard between £. bupleurotdes
and /. zzaccessum. This idea did not occur to me when describing the species,
as one of the supposed parents was unknown at that time. In most characters
it is intermediate between the two. The cortex is more as in &. zvaccessum,
but the internodes sometimes slightly longer. The leaves are exactly inter-
mediate in shape and size (see fig. 21), and so are the marginal teeth in shape
and number; they are not pungent. The midrib is more conspicuous than in
£. inaccessum, where all the principal veins are of the same strength, but less
prominent than in £4. dupleuroides. The scape and receptacle are hollow as in
the former. The involucral leaves are intermediate in shape, size and number,
being green in L. dbupleuroides. The head stands between the two in shape
and size and so do the sepals. The fruit is more like that in 4. dupleuroides.
No ripe seeds were found. In anatomical structure the fruit takes an inter-
mediate position. Both the supposed parents grow close to the place where
£. fernandezstanum was found, and its great scarcity speaks rather in favour of
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 161
a hybrid origin. It is certainly one of the very rarest plants in the island.
Still, no proofs that it is a bastard can be given at present.
The following figures illustrate the intermediate position:
= - | Number Size of
Number of Number} of = i - , Leneth
eerhisn of in- involucral |Size of bracts,| Size of sepals, eae
volucral leaves peed De
leaves ) mm mm ih
leaves mm
E.. bupleuroides 8—18(10—11)) 10—12 |10—20X3 3,5—4 X1,s—2) 2—2,5XI—1,2 6
E. fernandezianum)5— 9 (6—7) 16—18 20%4—5 5X 1)s—2125—3.. X1s—1,7| 45—5
E. tnaccessum I— 4 (2—3) | 18—23 |20—25*4—5| 7—8X2—3 3—3,5X1,5—2 ZA
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
89. E. sarcophyllum Hook et Arn. — JoHOW, Estud. 101; SKOTTSBERG,
Stud. 16, Fig. 4, Taf. 5 Fig. 5.
Masafuera: coast cliffs, very local: CuMING! JoHOow! — Between Vara-
dero and Tierras Blancas (fr. 77/2 17, no. 402); Rodado del Sandalo.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Apium L.
go. A. fernandezianum Joh.; JoHOw, Estud. 101; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 17,
Ranis VFis. 6.
Masatierra: Tres Puntas (JOHOW); barren cliffs in B. del Padre (fr. 7/1 17,
no. 291; beg. fl. °/s 17, BACKSTROM no. 291 b; also observed by JOHOW and
by the writer, 1908); Tierras Blancas (fl. °/s 17, BACKSTROM no. 1219).
Cultivated in a temperate house this species develops exceedingly well
and flowers and fruits freely. The branches, which are decumbent and root at
the nodes, attain a length of one meter. The fruit is typical of the genus and
agrees with that of A. graveolens in structure. A. fernandeztanum is related to
A. prostratum Labill., widely dispersed in the Southern Hemisphere; it differs
above all in the shape and cutting of the leaves.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Ericaceae.
Pernettya Gaud.
gt. P. rigida (Bert.) DC. — Jonow, Estud. 87.
Masatierra: Generally outside the forest but rare below the wooded
region; one of the most important shrubs on the rocky ridges, where it forms
low thickets. It does not, however, thrive well in the dry western section. We
found it on all the ridges to the highest altitude reached (c. 800 m), and lam
sure it is a leading species on the top of the Yunque. — Fi. 8/42 16, no. 27;
II — 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
162 CARL SKOTTSBERG
8/15 16, no. 89; 4/1 17, no. 259; fr. '"/4 17, no. 623. — A form with larger and
thinner leaves was collected at the edge of the Dzcksonia-forest on C. Salsi-
puedes (buds */12 16, no. 77), another with exceptionally narrow leaves among
rocks near this place (fl. °/12 16, no. 86).
Masafuera: Scattered in the higher parts, locally abundant. Ridges and
plains above the Chozas village, 600—1350 m (fl. *°/2 17, no. 490); slopes of
Los Inocentes, 480-—1400 m, not uncommon.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Convolvulaceae.
Dichondra Forst.
#92. D. repens Forst.
Masatierra: Pto Frances, by the stream, c. 40 m.
Masafuera: Outer part of Q. de las Casas, among grass (fr. ?"/2 17,
no. 551).
New for Juan Fernandez. A rather typical D. repens; the young leaves
are sericeous, the older sparingly pubescent below and glabrous above, the
peduncles 2 cm long or even longer. Compare HALLIER in ENGLER’s Jahrb.
XVIII (1892) 83. REICHE, Fl. de Chile V.173 includes all forms under D. re-
pens Forst.
I suspect this to have been collected by BERTERO, for MONTAGNE, Prodr.
Fl. Fern. 356 enumerates »Uredo Hydrocotyles Bert. Hab. ad folia Hydrocotyles?»
No Hydrocotyle has ever been reported from the islands; sterile Dzchondra may
perhaps be mistaken for a species of that genus.
Area of distribution: Subcosmopolitan (Eastern Asia, India, Africa,
Mascarene Islands, Australia, New Zealand, North and Central America, South
America to Patagonia and Chile, Juan Fernandez).
Calystegia R. Br.
93. C. tuguriorum R. Br. — Syn. C. Hantelmanni Phil., JoHow, Estud. 85.
Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (no. 412, also observed by JoHOW); Q. de
las Vacas, abundant in the outer part; Q. del Varadero. Forming dense carpets
on the canyon walls.
Both J. D. HOOKER and HEMSLEY united C. Hantelmanni with C. tugurto-
rum, but JOHOW kept them separate, declaring that the latter is a small herb,
not attaining the size of C. sepium. However, CHEESEMAN, Man. N. Z. Flora
476 states that the stem is slender, prostrate ov climbing, often clothing trees
and shrubs to a considerable height. During his monographical studies HAL-
LIER came to the conclusion that the two species are identical [ENGLER’s Jahrb.
XVI (1893) 548], and I have found it better to follow him.
Area of distribution: New Zealand; Chatham Islands; South Chile (Val-
divia); Masafuera.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS . 163
Boraginaceae.
Selkirkia Hemsl.
94. S. Berterii (Colla) Hemsl. — Jonow, Estud. 85.
Masatierra: On the steep rocky slopes above the forests in the centre
of the island, rare. Co Damajuana, 500—550 m, very rare; the gap between
Damajuana and Co Yunque, 580 m, few specimens (past fl. '*/12 16, no. 132);
northwest face of Co Piramide, narrow rock ledge, c. 600 m, few shrubs; Porte-
zuelo de Villagra, near the pass (also observed by JOHOW), a couple of speci-
mens, 570 m; Q. del Monte Maderugo, rock wall 390 m, rare (past fl. 74/1 17,
no:~341).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra; monotypic.
Verbenaceae.
Rhaphithamnus Miers.
95. Kh. venustus (Phil.) Skottsb. — Syn. Citharexylon venustum Phil.
Anal. Univ. 1856; Rt’. longiflorus Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. XXVII (1870) 98;
JoHow, Estud. 78.
Masatierra: in the wooded region, extending from Pto Frances to the
south slope of Co Chumacera, hardly ever seen below 200 m and much more
common higher up; also in the shrubberies on the ridges. Fl. */12 16, no. 11;
ae. uo. 40; 79/1216, nor 198; fr. 74/2 17, no. 628, *4/4 17, no. b. — A
form with red flowers was found near Plazoleta del Yunque, c. 250 m.
Masafuera: GUAJARDO without locality. — In the forests, much more
scarce than in Masatierra; on the Sanchez plain, 515 m; Q. del Mono, 475 m;
Q. del Blindado, 440 m (fl.-fr. *°/2 17, no. 516).
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Labiatae.
Cuminia Colla.
While HEMSLEY, Challenger Report 51 lists three species, erzantha, fer-
nandezta and brevidens, JOHOW reduces brevidens to fernandezia. I have seen
the material on which C. drevidens was based by BENTHAM, and I think that
JoHow is right. The length of the calyx lobes is submitted to some variation;
I admit that they are very short in C. drevidens, but otherwise no perceptible
difference is found.
HEMSLEY ascribed unisexual flowers to Cwumz7nia, JOHOW denied the cor-
rectness of this statement and suggested that HEMSLEY was misled by the
pronounced dichogamy of the flowers. My examination of numerous living
164 : CARL SKOTTSBERG
specimens shows that there are two kinds of flowers, differing in size and in
development of the anthers. Female flowers have shorter corolla, exserted style
and small staminodes, bisexual flowers have a larger corolla, included style and
normal stamens. I believe there are specimens with one kind only, but others
exhibit both kinds in the same inflorescence. Flowers with perfect anthers
were called male by HEMSLEY. There does not, however, seem to be any
difference in the style or stigma between them and the female flowers. Still
I have observed cases where the former were shed soon after they had opened.
In a few cases female flowers with one or two fertile stamens were met with.
JOHOW's statement that Cuminia absolutely lacks »esencias etéreas» is not
in accordance with my experience, for C. evzantha at least, has a weak but
unmistakable labiatoid smell.
96. C. fernandezia Colla. — JoHow, Estud. 81. — Fig. 22.
Masatierra: In the open forests of the ridges and along the rocky crests,
never abundant and only once observed below 300 m. — Between Q. de la
Fig. 22. Cuminia fernandesia: a male or bisexual, b female flower, with limbs slit open to
show stamens and staminodes. 4.
Piedra Agujereada and (. Laura (f. magis pilosa); in the higher parts of El
Rabanal (also quoted by JoHOw; fl. 7°/3 17, no. 576, f. magis pilosa); slopes
of Co Damajuana, 350—530 m; V. Colonial, C. Central (fl. 18/1 17, no. 307);
Portezuelo de Villagra (also observed by JOHOW), 540--590 m, scarce (beg. fl.
*°/iz 16, no. 192, fr. *"/3 17, no. 192 b); Q. del Monte Maderugo, rocky ridge,
390—500 m; C. Salsipuedes (also observed by JOHOW) 400—625 m, not uncom-
mon (beg. fl. *°/12 16, no. 165); Pto Ingles, central ridge, 570 m; between La
Vaqueria and Q. Juanango, c. 300 m; ridge west of Co Yunque, c. 550 m; low
hill near the camping place in B. Villagra, c. 200 m (fl. ‘/1 17, no. 234); Co
Chumacera, south slope (fl. °/1 17, no. 356).
Length in mm of
calyx corolla anthers style
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 165
Generally perfectly glabrous save for the corolla and some hairs on the
calyx lobes. The young leaves are, however, more or less pubescent. No. 576
differs from ordinary /ernandesta in the persistent indumentum on _ petiole,
nerves and pedicels, a character otherwise attributed to ervzantha only. This
species has larger and broader leaves of a more dull green colour, light violet
to nearly white corolla with almost white lobes and filaments, while the flowers
of fernandezia are of a bright blue lilac colour.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra; the genus is endemic.
97. C. eriantha Benth. — JoHow, Estud. 82.
Masatierra: with the former, but much more scarce. Between Q. de la
Piedra Agujereada and Q. Laura, c. 500; El Rabanal (JoHow); V. Colonial,
C. Central, c. 500 m; Portezuelo, on the Villagra side in forest (also observed
by JoHow), c. 500 m, rare (fl. 7°/1 17, no. 278); C. Salsipuedes (also JoHow),
in Dicksonia-grove, 660 m, rare (fl. 1°/1 17, no. 282).
Length in mm of
calyx corolla anthers style
J 7 12—I13 0,75 Vie)
- 5 8—9 0,3 Tos
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Solanaceae.
Solanum L.
98. S. fernandezianum Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 82.
Masatierra: BERTERO! GERMAIN! — In the wooded region, in moist
humus, very local. Pto Frances (JoHOW); C. Chifladores, near the Frances
Valley; El Rabanal, in the valley; Northeast slope of Co Damajuana, c. 500 m;
V. Colonial, Q. del Monte Maderugo, 235 m (fl.-unr. fr. **/1 17, no. 340); forest
on the east slope of C. Salsipuedes, c. 350 m; Pto Ingles (also quoted by JoHOW),
central ridge, 470 m; Q. Villagra, near the road just below the pass, c. 550 m
(fl.. 2/12, 24/12 16, no. 12, fr. April 1917; beg. fl. °?/7 17, BACKSTROM no. 12 b).
The species was described as lacking tubers, but on BERYTERO’s label is
written »tubercula gustu amaro». This is very puzzling, for JOHOW could not
find the tubers, nor were we able to discover any. In order to find out if they
develop during the winter, I told Mr. BACKSTROM to dig for them, but he could
not find them. I have raised several specimens from seeds; they have flowered
and fruited, but behave like annuals and do not form any tubers. I have
propagated them from cuttings, using the basal axillary shoots. Ina wild state
the plant branches profusely and seems to be perennial.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
99. S. Robinsonianum Bitter in FEDDE’s Repert. XI (1912), 7.— Syn.
S. furcatum, JOHOW, Estud. 83.
166 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Masatierra: PHILIPPI 1864! — El Rabanal (JoHow); Pto Ingles, west
branch, 190 m (fl.-fr. ?°/1 17, no. 311); B. Villagra, ravine near the camping-
place, c. 180 am) (fliefr.’ "/1- 177;%10)9260).
Santa Clara: JoHow. — Morro de los Alelies, rare (fl.-fr. 7°/1 17, no. 343).
*Masafuera: near the Chozas village (fl. 17/2 17, no. 506); Q. del Vara-
dero (fl.-fr. 12/3 17, no. 508). — New for this island.
Professor BITTER kindly examined my dried material as well as living
plants raised from my seeds and communicates the following new description:
»Addenda ad descriptionem:
Herbaceum, rectum, ca. 40—60 cm altum, divaricatim ramosum; rami Ca.
4 mm diam., obtuse angulati, lineis decurrentibus parum prominentibus instruct,
pilis simplicibus pluricellularibus acutis curvatim) accumbentibus primo crebris
serius sparsioribus obsiti; internodia in ramis florentibus 5—8 cm longa; folia
superiora false geminata, inaequalia; petioli 1,;—2 cm longi, jam a basi vel fere
a medio sensim latius alati; laminae ovatae vel late ovati-lanceolatae, majores
835 -5,9—0,5:5,5-0 usque ad 14: 8)5 cm, minores 5:3, 6% 357, 7: 457,534 oem
basi late cuneatim vel subrotundatim in petiolum alatum abeuntes, infra medium
latissimae, ad apicem versus magis sensim angustatae, subacutae vel obtusius-
culae, dentibus grossis late triangularibus in utroque-latere ca. 5-7 obtusis vel
obtusissimis instructae, membranaceae, utrinque virides, subtus vix pallidiores
nitidioresque, utrinque praecipue in venis, sparsius in mesophyllo pilis simpli-
cibus acutis pluricellularibus curvatim accumbentibus crebris obsitae; vena media
et venae later. prim. in utroque latere 7—8 (raro 9—11) curvatim ascendentes
subtus prominentes; inflorescentiae laterales, a foliis remotae, 7—11-florae; pedun-
culus 12—25 mm (tandem — 27 mm), longus, semel furcatus; rhachides cr.
6—(tandem)g mm longae, flores plerumque densiuscule in rhachidum apicibus
secuti; pedicelli 5—11 mm longi, in statu florifero erecti; calyx campanulatus,
cr. 4:3 mm, profunde in lobos lineari-lanceolatos acutos inaequilongos (exteriore
ceteris longiore). 2—-3:0,8 mm_ partitus, extus sicut pedunculus, rhachides et
pedicelli pilis brevibus simplicibus pluricellularibus acutis accumbentibus prae-
ditus, intus praecipue in parte connata glandulis minutis breviter stipitatis crebris
obsitus; corolla stellata, diam. 15—17 mm, extus violacei-suffusa, ceterum albida,
in parte interiore stella flavescente striis tenuibus obscuris (fusci-violaceis) radianti-
bus insignata, profunde in lobos lanceolatos acutos 8: 2,5 mm extus pilis simpli-
cibus acutis brevibus crebris obsitos intus pilis brevibus similibus in vena media
tantum sparsis, in parte apicali crebris praeditos partita; filamenta paulum inaequi-
longa, I,s—2 mm longa, gracilia, intus pilis pluricellularibus simplicibus vel
rarius semel ramosis acutis densis instructa; antherae anguste ellipsoideae,
3:0,8 mm, utrinque emarginatae, poris introrsis subapicalibus obliquis; ovarium
subglobosum, I mm diam., glabrum; stylus stamina manifeste superans, 6 mm
longus, fere a basi cr. ?/s longitudinis pilis densis simplicibus pluricellularibus
acutis sensim minoribus patentibus obsitus; stigma styli apice paulum crassius,
obtusum, subbilobum; calyx in statu fructifero auctus, diam. 7—8 mm, lobis
latius lanceolatis cr. 3—4:2 mm subacutis vel obtusiusculis baccae accumbenti-
bus; baccae maturae globosae, non satis magnae, ca. 5—8 mm diam., parum
nitidae, tandem nigerrimae, succo intense purpurei-violaceo impletae; granula
THE PHANEROGAMS OF ‘THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 167
sclerotica duo subapicalia subglobosa parva, ca. 0,6 mm diam.; semina ca. 15 — 16,
oblique reniformia, valde applanata, I,6— 1,8: 1—1,3:0,5 mm, manifeste minute
reticulata, in baccis maturis extus succo violaceo intense tincta.»
Area of distribution: Endemic.
#100. S. (Jorel/a) masafueranum Bitter et Skottsb. nov. spec. — Plate 14.
The following description was written by Professor BITTER.
Herbaceum, ad 1,75 m altum; rami robusti, + ve flexuosi, 4—6 mm diam.,
subteretes vel paulum obtuse angulati, lineis decurrentibus parum prominentibus
instructi, pilis simplicibus pluricellularibus acutis parvis diaphanis curvatim accum-
bentibus plerumque sparsis obsiti, tandem subglabrescentes; internodia in ramis
majoribus elongatioribus 9—14 cm longa; folia solitaria vel superiora saepe
false geminata, tunc inaequalia; petioli 1,;—4 cm longi, ad laminam versus sen-
sim magis alati, pilis simplicibus pluricellularibus acutis parvis crebris obsiti;
laminae late oblique lanceolatae vel oblongi-lanceolatae, infra medium Jatissimae,
basi oblique cuneatim vel rotundatim in petiolum alatum abeuntes, ad apicem
versus magis sensim angustatae, acutae vel fere sensim acuminatae, integrae,
majores cr. 12:5, 15:6 usque ad 17,5:7 cm (an etiam majores‘), minores 9: 3,3
usque ad 12: 4,5 cm, laminae omnes herbaceae, utrinque sordide virides, subtus
paulum pallidiores nitidioresque, utrinque in venis et in mesophyllo pilis simpli-
cibus pluricellularibus acutis sparsis, in margine paulo densioribus obsitae; vena
media, venae later. prim. 6 curvatim ascendentes et venae later. secund. illas
reticulatim conjungentes albide flavescentes subtus prominentes; venae majores
subtus sicut petioli et rami in statu sicco striolis brevissimis parum prominenti-
bus densis praeditae (cellulae arena crystallina impletae!); inflorescentiae laterales,
extraaxillares, fere semper paulum infra nodos ortae, simplices vel semel bre-
viter furcatae, 5—8-florae; pedunculus 1,5;—(tandem in statu fructifero!)3 cm
longus, rhachides 4—6 mm tantum longae, floribus ergo densiuscule secutis;
pedicelli in statu florifero erecti, 6 mm longi, in statu fructifero basi deflexi,
IO—II mm longi; calyx campanulatus, 3 mm longus, apice fere 3 mm diam.,
in dentes 5 ovati-lanceolatos obtusiusculos 1 mm longos 0,5; mm latos basi
membranis diaphanis conjunctos partitus, extus sicut pedunculus, rhachis et
pedicelli pilis paucicellularibus acutis curvatim accumbentibus densiusculis ob-
tectus, intus glandulis minutis breviter stipitatis crebris obsitus; corolla alba,
stellata, diam. 10-14 mm, in lobos 5 lanceolatos acutiusculos cr. 5:3 mm extus
pilis simplicibus paucicellularibus acutis accumbentibus crebris in parte apicali
densis et partim subramosis obtectos, intus in venae mediae parte superiore et
in mesophylli parte apicali pilis simplicibus paucicellularibus obsitos partita;
corollae tubus infra staminum insertiones cr. I,5 mm longus, glaber; filamenta
I,5—(tandem)2 mm longa, intus (praecipue prope basim) pilis simplicibus pluri-
cellularibus acutis densis ad apicem versus sensim sparsioribus praedita; antherae
flavescentes, ellipsoideae, utrinque emarginatae, cr. 2,2 :0,8—I mm, poris introrsis
apicalibus obliquis tandem paulum longitudinaliter dehiscentibus; ovarium sub-
globosum, I mm diam., glabrum; stylus 5,;—6 mm longus, in parte apicali
subgeniculatim incurvatus, paulo supra basim glabram cr. ”/g longitudinis pilis
tenuibus patentibus fere omnibus simplicibus (perpaucis semel subramosis) pluri-
cellularibus acutis densis sensim minoribus obtectus, in parte apicali glaber;
168 3 CARL SKOTTSBERG
stigma subglobosum, styli apice manifeste crassius; calyces fructiferi parum aucti,
diam. cr. 5 mm, lobis magis triangularibus baccae submaturae accumbentibus;
baccae submaturae globosae, 6—8 mm diam.; semina oblique reniformia, valde
applanata, 2:1,5:0,5 mm, minute reticulata; granula sclerotica in bacca non
reperi.
Masafuera: In forests. On the Sanchez plain, 515 m (fl. ?°/2 17, no. 526);
near the Chozas village (fl.-unr. fr. 3/3 17, no. 363).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Nicotiana L.
101. N. cordifolia Phil. — JoHow, Est. 83; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 7,
Wat. 16 .Picc.4.
Masafuera: Coast cliffs close to the landing place near Q. de las Casas
(fl. *°/2 17, no. 1220); Q. de las Vacas, on the canyon wall, not far from the
entrance, scattered specimens (also observed by JOHOW and by the writer in
1908, only locality known hitherto; fl.-fr. 7°/2 17, no. 392); Q. Angosta, in the
gorge; ©. del Varadero, numerous fine shrubs near the entrance; along the
shore of Tierras Blancas, not uncommon (fl.-fr. '*/2 17, no. 399).
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Scrophulariaceae.
Mimulus L.
102. M. parviflorus Lindl. — Jouow, Estud. 82.
var. externa nov. var. — A plantis in Chile lectis differt foliis omnibus
petiolatis (superioribus brevius sed semper distincte), margine sat grosse et
irregulariter serratis, nec non pedunculis petiolum aequantibus sed foliis multum
brevioribus. Planta perennis pilosa.
Masafuera: GERMAIN! — OQ. de las Casas (also observed by JOHOW), wet
places under overhanging rocks etc.; Q. de las Vacas (fr. *%/2 17, no. 497);
Q. Angosta, at the waterfall; Q. de la Loberfa (fl.-fr. ’"/2 17, no. 486).
It is hardly possible to ascertain the right position of the insular form
unless all the material from the continent is revised. GERMAIN’s specimens
were labelled MW. parviflorus var. by PHILIPPI, and JOHOW remarks that the
Masafueran plant differs from the continental one in the short pedicels and in
the pubescence. As all specimens collected in Masafuera are of the same kind,
while there is no similar form in the collections from Chile, I have described
the former as a variety. It is not impossible that J7. pzloszusculus Kunth from
Peri is the same, but as I have not seen authentic material and the descrip-
tion is very brief, I must leave this question open.
Area of distribution: J7. parviflorus is common in central and south
Chile.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 169
Euphrasia L.
“103. E. formosissima nov. spec. — Plate 15, fig. 1, Plate 20, fig. 6—7;
text:/fie..:23)
Eueuphrasia pluriennis lignosa, plerumque 15— 20, interdum usque ad 70 cm
alta, ad radices Pernettyae rigidae parasitica. Truncus primarius cylindrico-
tetragonus, ad 6 mm crassus, cortice obscure fusco inferne glabrato, fere a basi
Opposite ramosus, ramis ramulosis ramulis iterum ramosis, junioribus distinctius
tetragonis bifariam hirsutis, pilis crassis plerumque bicellularibus. Folia carno-
sula late — anguste ovata, 8—18 (rarius ad 20 et ultra) mm longa et 5—8 mm lata,
basi in petiolum 2—3 mm longum subiter vel sensim angustata, margine leviter
revoluta dentibus humilibus latissime truncatis utrinque 3—5 (plerumque 4)
instructa, supra subglabra, parcissime glandulosa sed secus nervos pilosiuscula,
subtus in parte inferiore ad nervos parce pilosa vel subglabra, infra marginem
et inter nervos incrassatos reticulo glandularum humilium capite ferrugineo
pulchre notata. Bracteae quam folia caulina minores ac latiores. Flores ad
apicem caulis ramorumque breviter sed densiuscule spicati, sessiles. Calyx pro
genere sat typicus, lobis lineari-subspathulatis apice incrassatis, extus nervis
exceptis subglaber, intus secus nervos pilosus pilis unicellularibus et glandulis
ferrugineis commixtis, 5—6 mm longus, profunde partitus. Corolla alba 10—13
mm longa, tubo 4—5 mm longo ad finem anthesis haud elongato, subglabro,
intus inferne obscure luteo; labium superius extus pilosum, 6—7 mm longum
et 5-——6 latum, bifidum lobulis reflexis; labium inferius glabrum 7—8 mm longum
et ad 10—II mm latum, in centro macula magna flavo-aurantiaca distincte cir-
cumscripta notatum. Filamenta staminum posticorum sub 3 mm, anticorum circ.
3.5 mm longa, inferne lutea, dein viridescentia, antherae ad 1,4 mm longae,
ferrugineae, subglabrae-glabrae, duorum staminum posticorum loculus unus paulo
longius calcaratus. Stylus ad 9 mm longus, dilute viridis, parce pilosus, exsertus;
stigma alboviride capitatum. Capsula matura valvis obovatis minute emarginatis
et abrupte apiculatis, superne setulosa, 2,s—3 mm longa et 2—2,: mm lata.
Semina oblique fusiformia I—1I,: mm longa straminea, testa longitudinaliter
sulcata et inter juga transverse sculpta.
Masafuera: in the higher parts, not uncommon in the alpine region.
Ridges above Q. Sanchez (fl. 7°/2 17, no. 386b); north of the Casas gorge from
800 to 1400 m (fl.-fr. '*/2—‘/s 17, no. 386); C. Atravesado, common; C. del
Barril, from 750 m (fl. */3 17, no. 547).
A rather interesting discovery. Two types of Euphrasza are known from
the southern hemisphere, sect. 77zfidae from Chile and sect. Lweuphrasia sub-
sect. Australes from Australia and New Zealand. The new species has nothing
to do with the South American species, and as far as I can see, it is not
nearly related to the Australes, but belongs to the Semzcalcaratae, known before
only from the northern hemisphere. Within this section /. formosissima is the
only perennial species. Among boreal ones it might be compared with Z£.
grandiflora Hochst. (Azores), or with species from Eastern Asia. It lies near
at hand to regard it as one of the older endemics in the islands, as it differs
170 CARL SKOTTSBERG
from all other species in its mode of growth (see below) and as it stands so
far apart from all the congeners on the south hemisphere.
The arrangement of the glands on the lower leaf surface is illustrated in
fig. 23 b. These glands are of two kinds, smaller with a short, narrow, uni-
cellular stalk and a globose two-celled head with dark brown contents and
larger (much less numerous), sessile, like a semiglobose papilla, divided by a
radial wall and with yellowish contents. Both kinds were described by WETT-
STEIN in his monograph of the genus, p. 18—-19. The long pedicellate glands
so common in many other species seem to be wanting. The smaller kind also
occurs on the upper side of the leaf and on the calyx.
Fig. 23. Euphrasia formosissima: a leaves, showing general outline, b lower side of leaf,
Cc ts, d lower side of bract, a—d X 2; e two calyx lobes, inside, X 4; f stamens, X 124;
g capsule, X 6,6; h seed, X 20.
The growth of other perennial Luphrascae was explained by WETTSTEIN
l. c. 14. The shoots die off after hawing produced flowers, while lateral
branches, which are sterile the first season, become floriferous the next year,
and so forth. £. formosissima represents another type. To some extent it is
like many others, for the primary stem and a number of side branches may
produce flowers simultaneously, sometimes even a few shoots of a third genera-
tion flower at the same time. It occurs that a branch dies after having
flowered, but very often this is not the case: the branch survives, the top
continues to grow above the floral region and produces a new set of flowers,
and this may be repeated again; thus, the new species differs from all others.
If, as WETTSTEIN thinks, the perennial species are genetically older than the
annual, /. formosissima seems to exhibit the most primitive type of Ewphrasia
known.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF ‘THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 171
Plantaginaceae.
Plantago L.
104. P. fernandezia Bert. — JoHow, Estud. 77.
Masatierra: In the shrubberies along the high ridges in the centre of the
island, rare. North face of Co Damajuana, 530 m, few specimens; the depres-
sion between this peak and Co Yunque, 580 m, rare; V. Colonial, C. Central,
570 m, very few plants; Portezuelo de Villagra, c. 550 m, near the path in two
places, perhaps twenty specimens altogether (fl. *°°/12 16, no. 7; only locality
known before, JOHOW etc.) rock ledges on the perpendicular wall of Co Piramide,
©, 575)m:
Professor PILGER sent me the following notes on this species:
»P. fernandezia ist mit P. princeps Cham. et Schlecht. von den Hawaii-
Inseln verwandt: sie ist dieser Art nicht nur habituell ahnlich, sondern zeigt
auch grosse Ubereinstimmung im Bliitenbau. Fiir eine entferntere Verwandt-
schaft konnten auf dem amerikanischen Festland hochstens einige Arten der
Cleistantha-Gruppe (P. Candollei, oreades, Sodiroana) in Betracht kommen.
Zwei Bliitenstande der Exemplare von P. fernandezia zeigen eine mehr
oder weniger weitgehende Verkiimmerung der Staubblatter. Die normale Form
hat Bliiten mit lang herausragenden Antheren. Zu dieser Form sind Uber-
gange vorhanden, indem die Antheren etwas zwischen den dauernd aufrechten
Corollenzipfeln sich hervordrangen und + reichlich Pollen entwickeln. In anderen
Bliiten bleiben die Antheren von den aufrechten Zipfeln umschlossen, sie sind
ziemlich gross, entwickeln aber keinen Pollen. Der Griffel ragt aus der Bliite
hervor. Man k6énnte an einen Vergleich mit dem Dimorphismus bei der
Cleistantha-Gruppe denken, doch ist der Fruchtknoten in den Bliiten mit redu-
zierten Staubblattern nicht stark entwickelt wie dort bei den geschlossenen
Bliiten, sondern bleibt klein und von der Ro6hre frei.»
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
105. P. truncata Cham. subsp. Skottsbergii Pilger. — P. Skottsbergiz
Pilger in SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 6.
Masatierra: B. del Padre (SKOTTSBERG 1908).
*Santa Clara: scattered on the table-land (fr. 78/1 17, no. 350).
Professor PILGER remarks to this species: »P. Skottsbergii ist eine charak-
teristische Form, die allerdings der P. truncata subsp. firma sehr nahe steht.
Am besten wird man sie neben P. firma auch als subspecies zu P. truncata stellen».
Area of distribution: P. truncata is known from Central and South Chile,
the subspecies is endemic in Masatierra and Santa Clara.
Rubiaceae.
Oldenlandia L.
*106. O. thesiifolia K. Schum. — Syn. O. uniflora Ruiz. et Pav. on L.
Masatierra: V. Colonial, in the small stream at the foot of the chapel hill.
172 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Rather like SCHUMANN’s illustration in Flora Brasil. VI: 6, tab. 127. Agrees
very well with specimens from Chile. Glabrous with few hairs on the ovary.
Undoubtedly of recent introduction, as it has not been recorded by previous
visitors in spite of growing in Cumberland Bay. There is perhaps no reason
to regard it as introduced with the human traffic; the valley is sometimes visited
by stray birds from the continent, and they very likely brought seeds of this
and some other species in mud adhering to their feet.
Area of distribution: Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile from
Valparaiso to Chiloé, Masatierra.
Nertera Banks et Sol.
107. N. depressa Banks et Sol. — SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 6.
Masafuera: almost confined to the subalpine and alpine districts, where
it occurs in moist places, round large stones, in small depressions in the ground
etc., generally associated with mosses. — Q. de las Casas, in wet moss at the
waterfall, 215 m; high land north of Casas, not uncommon from 750 to about
1100 m (fr. 17/2 17, no. 413, 7*/2 17, no. 413 c); among rocks at Las Torres,
1370 m (fl.-fr. no. 413 b); C. del Barril, 650—750 m.
Area of distribution: Mexico to Fuegia; subantarctic—circumpolar;
Hawaii; Masafuera.
Coprosma Forst.
108. C. triflorum (Hook. et Arn.) Benth. et Hook. f. — JonHow, Est. 73. —
Vig. 24 a—c.
Masatierra: in the open forest and in the shrubberies along the ridges,
not uncommon from 3—400 m, ascending to the highest peaks and ranging
from Pto Frances to Co Chumacera: Fl. ¢),*4/sa) 16, no. .263,44/19 16, sn0tSo.
fl. 2 1/12 16, no. 151 (a few fruits from 1916 still on the trees); past fl. ¥
Gliel MOM AG tk. “osttT iNOrs Oheow la M7. Olle
Mistaken for /7/cppotis triflora Ruiz. et Pav. by BERTERO, Ann. sc. nat.
XXI. 347; called Psychotria? triflora Hook. et Arn., Bot. Misc. III. 359, P. Hookeri
G. Don Gen. Syst. Gard. HI. 585. The flowers have not been described, but
BENTHAM and HOOKER FIL. recognized it as a member of the genus Cofrosma,
Gen. plant. II. 139.
Generally strictly dioecious. Corolla of ¢ 6—7 mm long, fleshy, greenish
brown, as a rule 4-cleft; 4 stamens with thin filaments, 6—7 mm long, anthers
4,5—5 mm with thick, brown connective. Female flowers with 2,; mm long
ovary; corolla dark lilac brown with narrow tube measuring 2—3 mm and four
strongly revolute narrow linear segments, 2—2,; mm long. Styles white, 9 mm long.
In one case a number of bisexual flowers were found on a branch of a
female tree. They have a large, normal ovary with the usual long styles. The
corolla is. more as in the male flower, but only 4—-5 mm long; there are 4
stamens with 2,5 mm long anthers but very short flaments. The pollen contained
numerous sterile grains.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 173
Very like C. foliosum A. Gray from Oahu (Hawaii), which differs in the
narrower leaves and in the shape of corolla and stamens.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
109. C,. pyrifolium (Hook. et Arn.) Skottsb. — Syn. Psychotria pyrt-
folta Hook. et Arn., JoHOw, Estud. 74. — Fig. 24d.
Masatierra: An important forest tree, extending over the entire wooded
region from Pto Frances to Co Chumacera and ranging from 200 m, or perhaps
less, to 650 m at least. We did not find flowering specimens (sterile, '°/12 16,
mo, 161, *°/12 16, no. 1222, 18/1 17; no\'308); but ripe fruits were gathered, °/, 17,
no. 600.
Masafuera: Scattered through the forested region; lowest altitude observed
280 m (fr. 17/2 17, no. 435); not uncommon up to 950 m. One small tree was
Fig. 24. a—c Coprosma triflorum, a male, b apparently bisexual, c female flower; d C. py77-
folium, male flower. All X 3.
found in the alpine fern-beds, c. 1200 m, not far from the Correspondencia
Camp (fl. ¢ °/3 17, no. 501); also in some of the deep gorges, by the stream,
not much above sea level, f. i. in Q. de las Casas (past fl. 2 14/2 17, no. 499). —
Specimens from open and sunny stations (nos, 499 and 501) differ from others
by the firmer, bright green leaves.
The removal of Psychotria pyrifolia to Coprosma is quite welcome from a
geographical point of view. BERTERO |. c. suggested that it was a mere form
of his Azppotts; HOOKER and ARNOTT, |. c. 360, called it Psychotrza?, while
HEMSLEY and JOHOW dropped the question mark. It is dioecious and the
structure of the flower is the same as in C. “7florum; accordingly, it differs
widely from Psychotria. The male flower has not been described before; it is
brownish green with yellow anthers. The corolla measures 8—g mm and is
deeply cleft with linear, acute, reflexed lobes; the stamens are inserted at the
base of the corolla tube; the filaments measure 8—g, the anthers 5—6 mm.
C. pyrtfolium, sometimes rather like the preceding, is a much larger tree
with thinner and broader, more pyriform leaves, indistinctly serrulate in the
upper half and with narrower meshes in the net of venules. As was pointed
174 CARL SKOTTSBERG
out by JOHOW, it is also distinguished by the presence of domatia on the leaves.
It also differs in the somewhat larger and more obovoid fruit as well as in the
shape of the male flower, as seen from my figures.
C. pyrifolium is related to C. laevigatum Cheesem. from Rarotonga and to
other species from the same region,
than to its congener in Masatierra.
and probably more nearly allied to these
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Galium L.
*r10. G. masafueranum nov.
spec. — Fig. 25.
Perenne, sat pusillum, + decumbens. Radix primaria tenuis persistens,
multiceps. Caules numerosi, tenuissimi, fragiles, inferne ramosi, repentes, ad
\
va
) . x
;
i
v
/
Fig. 25. Galium masafueranum: a branch,
nat. size; b lower side of leaf, X 24; ¢ in-
florescence and d flowers, * 5; e normal,
unripe fruit; f ripe fruit with appendages;
g mericarp from ventral side with do.; h fruit
with appendage on pedicel. e—h x 10.
nodos radicantes, saltem ad 2 dm longi,
manifeste 4-lineati et secus lineas dense
patente-retrorse setoso-hispidi. Folia qua-
ternaria, subsessilia vel brevissime petiolata,
elliptica, plerumque manifeste mucronata
sed non pungentia, secus marginem revo-
lutum nec non in nervo mediano subtus
longe setosa, ceterum pilis nonnullis in-
spersa vel subglabra, 4—g mm longa et
2—5 mm lata (plerumque 6 X 4 mm), in-
feriora jam emarcida conspicue minora.
Inflorescentiae laterales breves foliis sub-
aequilongae ~ duplo longiores; pedunculus
setosus, + curvatus, denique apice recur-
vus, ad 13 mm longus, apice 2—4-foliatus,
plerumque 1—3-florus, floribus brevissime
pedicellatis. Calyx nullus. Corolla luteo-
viridis, 2,;—3 mm diam., lobis mucronu-
latis 1,2—I,3 mm longis et 0,8—0,9 latis
quattuor rarissime quinque, passim setosis.
Stamina 0,5 mm longa. Stylus fere ad
basin bifidus, ad 0,6 mm longus. Discus
viridis incrassatus. Ovarium longe hispi-
dum. Fructus 2,5; mm latus et 2 mm altus,
cum setis ad 3,5 X 3 mm metiens. Meri-
carpia_ reniformia, dense _ setoso-hispida,
setis rectis vel paulo curvatis nunquam
uncinatis; superne interdum appendicibus
longiusculis (ad 2 mm) apice nudis ceterum
setosis instructa.
Masafuera: In the alpine region,
trailing in the moss mats, probably not
uncommon. Western precipice, a short
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 175
distance north of Buque Varado, c. 1230 m (fl.-fr. ‘/3 17, no. 367 b); fell-fields
near the Correspondencia Camp, c. 1200 m; in moss among the rocks of Las
Torres, 1370 m (fl-fr. **/2 17, mo. 367); C. del Barril, 1110 m (fr. 1/3 17, no. 530);
Los Inocentes, 1375 m.
The curious appendages do not appear to have been found in any other
species. Their nature is problematic. In the cases where each carpel ends in
such a tail-like process it would lie near at hand to regard them as enlarged,
persistent styles, but this explanation is impossible, as they are situated outside
the disc; inside this the traces of the styles will be found. In several instances
as many as three were found on one carpel (fig. 25 g): in two cases such an
appendage was found attached to the pedicel (fg. 25h). Finally, many plants
did not have any at all.
G. masafueranum is related to a number of Andine species, such as G.
Juegianum Hook fil., ucinulatum DC., canescens Kunth and andicola Krause.
The latter three are larger plants with many-flowered inflorescences and with
much longer hairs on the fruits and leaves; G. fwegzanum has larger leaves,
long pedicellate flowers and a glabrous stem, and all of them have barbed
setae om the fruit.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Campanulaceae.
Wahlenbergia Schrad.
In Monogr. Camp. (1830) 160 ALPHONSE DECANDOLLE described IV. fernan-
desiana A. DC. Four years later CoLLA (Mem. Accad. Torino XXXVIII. 118,
tab. 35) described Campanula Larraini Bert. ined. COLLA stated that, to judge
from DECANDOLLE’s diagnose, C. Larrazni was different. The material quoted
by DECANDOLLE and collected by Mrs. GRAHAM, DOUGLAS and SCOULER
shows that his species comprised several forms, for Mrs. GRAHAM collected
W. Grahamae Hemsl. and what I call W. fernandeziana s. str. and DOUGLAS
and SCOULER collected W. Larraznz. This explains why A. P. DECANDOLLE,
Prodr. VIII. 438 referred W. Larraini to fernandeziana as a synonym.
The question of nomenclature becomes complicated by the fact that there
are two types among BERTERO’s plants, both under no. 1443. I do not know
if COLLA did see both, anyhow, his description and plate answer very well to
one of them, and this I have retained here as IW. Larrainz. DC. Prodr.,
HEMSLEY and JOHOW write Wahlenbergia Larraini Bert., Colla, but COLLA did
not admit the genus Wahlenbergia, but brought his species to Campanula.
HEMSLEY, Challenger Report 45 rejects Larraznz, but describes the new
species Grahamae, based upon a part of Mrs. GRAHAM's material. JOHOW
admits one species only, W. fernandeziana A. DC. For some reason he compares
the narrow-leaved species (my Larraznz) with IV. Berterot, which is a quite
different thing; he declares that he found all sorts of transitions between Lar-
raint and Grahamae. It is true that there are forms apparently intermediate
between Grahamae and fernandeziana s. str., but nobody who has seen these
176 CARL SKOTTSBERG
species growing wild should propose to unite Larrazn? with Grahamae. JOUOW
believes that the size and shape of leaves and flowers undergo so great changes
with the external conditions that all differences will be explained in this way.
He writes p. 75: »En los terrenos himedos i sombrios se encuentran ejemplares
robustos con hojas muy anchas que convienen con la descripcion de la W.
Grahamae Hemsl.» — but this species is at home on the steep rocky ridges
and grows exposed to full sunlight; nor is it true that the typical /ermandeszana
srows »en los lugares ménos fértiles».
All the species are small shrubs with strong, persistent root. The in-
florescence is terminal, and the flowering branches die in the autumn, at least
the upper, floral part, while innovations are developed from their lower leafy
part or from older branches.
Key to the species formerly united under IV. fernandeztana.
I. Corolla campanulate, white, with narrow contracted lobes; calyx segments
narrow, entire; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, + acuminate.
W. Larraini.
Il. Corolla + broad campanulate to funnel-shaped with dark purplish veins;
calyx segments dentate. Leaves lanceolate-ovate.
A. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, narrower toward the base: corolla campa-
mulate with w= serectnlODes <2. ee aa seco 8 eee ee eee WV. fernandesiana.
B. Leaves pubescent, with broad base, semiamplexicaul; corolla very
broad=with: broad: revolute lobes. =... we W. Grahamae.
111. W. Larraini (Bert., Colla) Skottsb. — Syn. Campanula Larraini
Bert. ined., COLLA |. c.; JoHow, Estud. 75, sub IV. fernandeztana. — Fig. 26 a-—e.
Masatierra: BERTERO! no. 1443 ex p.! SCOULER! DouGLas! — On the
low, dry ridges between the valleys; Pto Frances, Loma Incienso, in shrubberies,
360 m; Q. de la Pesca de los Viejos, c. 225 m, in a small ravine (fl. 3/19 16,
no. 127); C. Salsipuedes, one plant in the height of c. 75 m, several higher
up, c. 465 m (beg. fl. 8/12 16, no. 51 — f. parce pilosa); between Q. Juanango
and La Vaqueria, c. 300 m. — A form with spread hairs on the leaves was
also collected by SCOULER and DouGLas!
Suffrutex erectus plerumque glaberrimus, dense ramosus, ramis suberectis
sat dense foliosis. Caulis glaber. Folia coriacea, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceo-
lata, 20—30 mm longa, 4—8 mm lata, basi angustata, apice acuminatim pro-
ducta, argute serrata, supra glabra vel secus medianum pilosa, subtus glabra
vel rarius pilosiuscula. Flores contracte paniculati. Calyx glaber lobis angustis-
simis acutis, integris vel rarissime denticulo glandulaeformi uno vel altero
munitis. Corolla + anguste campanulata, glabra vel secus marginem loborum
pilosiuscula, alba, 14—15 mm longa, fauce 6 mm diam., expansa ad 15 mm lata,
lobis angustis erecto-patentibus apice convolutis, 6—7 mm longis et basi 4 mm
1 BERTERO named the plant in honour of a certain Mr. LaRRaIN, who seems to have
communicated some species from Juan Fernandez. ‘This gentleman is not included in the list
of collectors compiled by Jonow, and I have not seen herbarium labels with his name.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 177
latis. Stamina 3,2—3,5 mm longa, filamentis triangulato-linearibus ad 1,; mm
longis, basi setis nonnullis instructis, antheris ad 1,8 mm. Stylus 4 mm longus,
sub apice incrassatus et parce pilosus.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
112. W. fernandeziana (A. DC. ex p.) Skottsb. -- Jouow, Estud. 75. —
Plate 20, fig. 9; text fig. 26 i—l.
Masatierra: Mrs. GRAHAM! BERTERO no. 1443 ex p.! Gay! SkKorTs-
BERG 1908 no. 417! — On the higher ridges in the centre of the island, or in
open stations below the forest. North face of Co Damajuana, 530 m; Co Pira-
mide, near Portezuelo, abundant in one place; V. Colonial, C. Central, 570 m,
Fig. 26. a—e Wahlenbergia Larraini: a leaves (no. 51), lower and upper surface; b same of
no. 127, upper and lower surface; ¢ flower, d stamen, e pistil; a—c nat. size, d—e xX 5.
f—1 W. fernandeziana. f leaf of no. 267 (upper surface), g no. 325 (lower surface), h 305 (do.),
i flower, k stamen, 1 pistil; f—i nat. size, k—l1 X 5. m—q W. Grahamae: m—n leaves, upper
and lower surface, o flower, p stamen, q pistil; m—o nat. size, p—q X 5.
with the following (beg. fl. *8/1 17, no. 305); Pta San Carlos, near the sea, rare
(fl. °/1 17, no. 267); Pto Ingles, central ridge (fl. '9/1 17, no. 325); ridge between
Co Yunque and Villagra, c. 200 m (fl. '/1 17, no. 264). A f. e/ata with long,
thin, less densely foliate branches and very lax inflorescence was collected near
Portezuelo (fl. *°/3 17, no. 1223).
Suffrutex erectus subglaber, ramis curvato-erectis dense foliosis, caule ple-
rumque glabro. Folia subcoriacea, lanceolata vel lanceolato-ovata, sessilia, basi
et apice sensim angustata, dense et argute serrata, reticulatim nervosa, glabra
vel supra secus medianum puberula, 15—30 mm longa et 5—g mm lata. In-
florescentia + laxe paniculata, floribus longe pedicellatis, pedicellis glaberrimis,
bracteis foliosis ovato-triangularibus. Calyx glaber apice violaceus lobis triangu-
latis 5—6 mm longis basi 2—2,5 mm latis, margine parce glanduloso-denticu-
latis. Corolla ampla campanulata, extus puberula, 15—16 mm longa, aperta
I12— 20100. The Nat. Hist, of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
178 CARL SKOTTSBERG
usque ad 20 mm diam., fauce 9 mm diam., alba, inferne pulchre purpureo-
venosa, lobis 6—7 mm longis basi 4—4,5 mm latis, paulo reflexis, planis, mar-
gine puberulis. Stamina filamentis 3 mm longis a basi lata subiter angustatis,
valde setosis; antherae 2 mm longae. Stylus ad 5,5 mm longus, versus apicem
incrassatus nec non dense setosus, lobis stigmatiferis margine et subtus pilosis.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
113. W. Grahamae Hemsl. — JoHow, Estud. 75 sub fernandeziana, —
Plate 15, fig. 1; Plate 20, fig. 10; text fig. 26 m—q,.
Masatierra: Mrs. GRAHAM! MOSELEY! — Mountain ridges in the centre
of the island. V. Colonial, C. Central, 570 m (fl. 18/1 17, no. 306); Portezuelo
de Villagra, near the pass and abundant in places, 550—600 m (fl. 17/12 16,
no. 1226; fl. 24/12 16, no. 1224, f. minus scabra ad praecedentem vergens; fl.
10/, 17, no. 1225, f. laxior); B. Villagra, rock wall at the back of Q. de la Choza,
c. 400 m.
No. 1226 is the most extreme Grahamae that I have seen. Of the others
nos. 1224 and 1225 have smaller flowers, measuring only 20 mm across. The
possibility of bastards occurring between this and the former should be considered.
Suffrutex effusus, vage ramosus ramis prostrato-adscendentibus longis sub-
flexuosis, pubescenti-setosis foliosissimis. Folia chartacea, sessilia, ovato-lanceo-
lata vel ovata, acutiuscula, basi lata fere semiamplexicaulia, dense sed interdum
indistincte denticulata, utrinque pubescenti-scabra, subtus in nervis dense pilosa,
20—35 mm longa et 10—16 mm lata. Inflorescentia pseudo-umbellata, foliis
triangulato-ovatis instructa, haud multiflora sed ob magnitudine florum valde
conspicua. Calyx glaber lobis triangulatis 5—7 x 2—3 mm, inferne dentatis.
Corolla late campanulata vel sub fauce leviter constricta fere globoso-campa-
nulata, extus puberula, alba, eximie purpureo-venosa, cum lobis 13—15 mm
longa, expansa ad 25 mm lata, fauce 16—17 mm diam., lobis revolutis late
triangularibus 7—8 mm longis et 8—10 mm latis, margine puberulis. Stamina
filamentis 3—4 mm longis a basi lata valde angustatis; antherae I1,5—2 mm
longae. Stylus 6,;—8 mm, versus apicem incrassatus et cum pagina inferiore
stigmatorum setosus.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
114. W. Masafuerae (Phil.) Skottsb. Stud. 6. — Syn. W. tuberosa Hook.
fil., JoHOW, Estud. 78.
Masafuera: GERMAIN! GUAJARDO! — coast cliffs from B. Toltén to Vara-
dero and Loberia, rather common; also in the outer part of the canyons, on
rock ledges and in crevices. Only once observed in the highlands, north of
Casas, c. 1200 m. Fl.-past fl) Feb. 1917, ‘no. 428.
f. rosea: A typo differt corolla praecipue basin versus pulchre rosea. —
Masafuera: Q. de la Loberfa, one large specimen found among the typical
plants (fl. *7/2 17, no. 480).
When describing Luphorbia Masafuerae (Bot. Zeit. XI1V.647) PHILIPPI
felt sure of the generic position, but later he began to doubt the correctness,
as shown by GUAJARDO’s specimen, labelled in PHILIPPI’s hand-writing: »Eu-
phorbia? Masafuerae Ph. (nonne potius Wahlenbergia?) Masafuera 1869 Leybold>.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 179
In Stud. 6 I quoted this species from Masatierra also. There were two
sheets of a Wahlenbergia in Herb, Lund; they had no labels, but on the sheets
was written in J. G. AGARDH’s hand-writing: »Juan Fernandez, D. DOUGLAS
no. 48». As D. never visited Masafuera, 1 concluded that they came from
Masatierra. They did not belong to the species known before from Masatierra;
thus, only IV. Masafuerae remained, or a new species. Habitually they looked
like the former, but differed in the closer serrature of the leaves; that were
glabrous and had a somewhat different venation. The basal parts of the speci-
mens were missing.
Comparing these specimens a second time with the rich material of W.
Masafuerae now at hand, I found that the differences quite forbid an identifica-
tion. I further found that, apart from these specimens, nothing like them had
ever been collected in Juan Fernandez, nor did such a species exist among
DOoUGLAS’s plants in Herb. Kew. During my visit to that herbarium last year
I had a look at the Wahlenbergiae from Saint Helena, and was at once struck
by the great likeness between W. “éntfolia A. DC. and the plants in Herb.
Lund. Some time ago I sent for both and was able to establish their identity.
The examination of a capsule of the alleged DOUGLAS plant revealed that it
is 2-valvous as in all the St. Helena species, while all Juan Fernandez species
have 3-valvous capsule, Certainly we can draw no other conclusion than that
the statement on the Lund specimens is quite false. And if we go back to
DOUGLAS’s journal, only lately published, we read under no. 48: »Campanula(?)
leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate, serrate, smooth above, slightly pubescent
underneath» etc. DOUGLAS no. 48 is W. Larraini. The person who distributed
the plants in question to Lund has made a rather dangerous mistake.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
115. W. Berteroi Hook. et Arn. — JOoHOw, Estud. 75. — Syn. Campa-
mula gracilis var. revoluta Colla |. c. 119. — Plate 20, fig. 8.
Masatierra: BERTERO no. 1440! »ad rupium fissuris in montibus editiori-
bus et in Goats island». Rediscovered in Masatierra by us, but not in the
»higher mountains»: B. Cumberland, Pta San Carlos, two small specimens
(fl. 9/1 17, no. 265); in the sand outside the caves, one large and beautiful plant
(A. 7/12 16, no. 43). Both localities near the sea.
Santa Clara: BERTERO (»Goats island»); JoHow! — Morro de los Alelies
(also observed by JOHOW), fr., some few fl. left, *°/1 17, no. 345.
W. Berterot has (just as W. Masafuerae) a large, lactiferous subterranean
bulb, formed by the base of the primary stem together with the primary root.
From the surface of this bulb spring the vegetative-floral shoots, each appar-
ently of one year’s duration. The shape of the corolla is unlike that in other
species. Its colour is a deep rosa, the base crimson. Style and stamens are
rose-coloured, anthers golden yellow. The style is much longer than in other
species, the stigma visible in the mouth of the corolla. As the figure of
HooKER and ARNOTT in HOOKER’s Journ. I (1834) plate 137 is incorrect as
to the flower, another was prepared. The flower figured here was trimerous
throughout with 6 sepals etc., an anomality sometimes observed.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra and Santa Clara.
180 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Lobelia L.
116, L. anceps Thunb. — JoHOow, Estud. 76. — Syn. L. rupicola Colla,
Mem. Accad. Torino XXXIX (1834) 120.
Masatierra: El Pangal, wet rocks near the waterfall, 215 m (fl. 7/1 17,
no. 221); Pto Ingles, moist rocks near the sea (fl.-unr. fr. ?°/1 17, no. 314; also
found by BERTERO and by JOHOW).
Masafuera: coast rocks near Q. de las Casas, where water trickles down
(also observed by JOHOW); in the Casas canyon, humid rock wall; in the
interior of Q. de las Vacas (fl.-past fl. *°/2 17, no. 496); Q.del Varadero, at the
waterfall in the small branch of the canyon.
A variable species that ought to be studied on material from different
countries. In Juan Fernandez, the colour of the flower ranges from a deep lilac
blue to almost white. REICHE, FI. Chil. V.87 writes »planta anual?», but the
Juan Fernandez plant is perennial, as usually stated.
Area of distribution: South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Chile from
prov. Maule to Valdivia; Juan Fernandez.
Compositae.
Lagenophora Forst.
117. L. Harioti Franch. — Syn. L. hirsuta, SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 5. —
Fig. 27 f—i, 28 f—g.
Fig. 27. a—b Lagenophora hirsuta, orig. PoEPPiG: a involucral scales, b ray floret. c—e L.
nudicaulis from Falkland Isl., leg. SKOTTSBERG: c, d involucral scales, e ray floret. f—i L. Harzoti
from Masafuera: f involucral scales, g ray floret, h expanded ligule, i disc floret. — All X 10.
Masafuera: Alpine fell-fields, scarce. Highland north of Casas, from
1130 m to the top of Las Torres, 1370 m (fl.-fr. 14/2 17, no. 484); C. del Barril,
c. 830m, rare, 9725 m more common (fl.-fr. 1/3 17, no. 536); Los Inocentes, ¢. 1375 m.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 181
The insular plant is certainly identical with Z. HYariof# Franch. Miss. sci.
Cap Horn V. 344, of which I have seen type material from Herb. Mus. d’hist.
nat. in Paris. Another question is if this is different from ZL. xudicaulis (Comm.)
P. Dus. (fig. 27 c—e, 28 a—b). ZL. Harioti (fig. 28 c—e) is larger and more
slender, the leaves less crowded, more distinctly dentate and always pubescent.
The involucral scales are larger, c. 4 mm, rarely exceeding 3 mm in xmdzcaulis.
The flowers are slightly larger, but the achenes look very much the same in
both. There may be as much reason to regard LZ. Harioti as a form of the
other, in which case the name var. gract/zs (Alboff) should be used. ALBOFF,
Contr. Fl. Terre de Feu II. 27 placed his variety under L. hirsuta Less. It has
Fig. 28.. Achenes of Lagenophora. a,b L. nudicaulis, a orig. COMMERSON, b ex herb. Link
(Berlin). c—g ZL. Harioti: ¢ Cord. Rio Manso leg. Retcue, d Cord. Linares leg. REICHE, e Fuegia
leg. SKoTYSBERG no. 151, f Masafuera, g Masafuera, dorsal view. h—m J. hirsuta. h orig.
Porpric, i Cord. Rio Manso leg. REICHE, k—1 Cord. Valdivia leg. NEGER, from both sides and
from the back, m Cord. Nahuelbuta leg. ReicHe. n—o L. pumila: n leg. BasTIAN, o leg.
Cockayne no. 79. p—q L. fetiolata, p leg. COLENSO, q leg. Haasr. — All X 16.
nothing to do with this. ZL. Aérsuta (fig. 27 a—b, 28 h—m) is known by the
shape of the leaves, that are larger and more deeply crenate, and especially
by the long beak of the achene, which also has strong lateral nerves absent in
the others, as seen from fig. 28 h—m; these nerves are also visible in the figure of
PoEPPIG and ENDLICHER, Nov. gen. et spec. plant. I tab. 26, though not mentioned
in the descriptions. I have figured one achene of the original material (fig. 28 h).
L. Harioti has been mistaken for Azrsuta on account of the hairy leaves, also
by the writer (Zur Flora des Feuerlandes, Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Siidpolar-Exp.
IV: 1: probably all the specimens quoted belong to ZL. Hariofz). FRANCHET
regarded his species as »bien différente de ZL. Commersonii (= nudicaulis) et
voisine de LZ. Forster’ (= pumila)»: comp. fig. 28 n—o. Still, it is much nearer
to the former. ZL. pumila differs in the shape of the leaves and bracts and also
182 CARL SKOTTSBERG
in the smaller achenes with their very short beak. The achene of L. Hariot
is more like that in L. fetcolata Hook f. (fig. 28 p—q). Both pumila and petio-
lata come from New Zealand. All the species in question form one small
natural group.
The type material of Z. Harioté was out of flower: ALBOFF describes
these as light rose-coloured. In the plant from Masafuera the colour varies
from white to rose, turning + crimson with age.
I have seen L. Harioté (determined as hirsuta or sometimes nudicaulis)
from the following stations: Fuegia, Ile Clarence, Sholl Bay, HArioT 1°/5 1883
(type); Ushuaia, in pratis alpinis '’/s 1902, SKOTTSBERG no. 151; Chile, Cord.
Linares, 2200 m, Jan. 1897, REICHE; Cord. of Rio Manso, goo—1400 m, Feb.
1896, REICHE; Cord. of Chillan, 2000 m, Jan. 1895, REICHE.
Area of distribution: Andes of South Chile to Fuegia; Masafuera.
Erigeron L.
In the large collections of Santiago, Kew etc. Ihave not met with any near
relatives of the island species. It is noteworthy that not one of the numerous
alpine species, described from Chile by PHILIPPI, seems to be related to the
new forms from the mountains of Masafuera. In order to get the opinion of a
specialist, I asked Professor VIERHAPPER to examine my material and to compare
my new species with the collections in the Vienna museums, what he most
willingly did. He thinks, and here I quite agree with him, that all the island
species, in spite of their different habit, are related to each other; 4. rapecola
is very unlike the rest, but the principles of its morphology are the same as
in the others. Professor VIERHAPPER mentions the following species as more or
less related to the insular forms: £. lepidotus Less. (Hawaii), spzculosus Hook.
et Arn. (Chile), w/¢givosus Benth. (Columbia) and heteromorphus Rob. (Mexico).
HEMSLEY compared £&. fruticosus (Juan Fernandez) with £. Darrellianus Hemsl.
(Bermuda). Prof. VIERHAPPER adds: »Als besonders wichtiges gemeinsames
Merkmal erscheint mir die + tiefe Serratur der Blatter, die z. B. bei spzculosus
genau so ist, bei /epzdotus allerdings nicht, der aber dafiir sonst dem /ruticosus
sehr nahe zu stehen scheint».
118. E. fruticosus DC. — JoHow, Estud. 51; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 4. —
Fig. 29 a—c.
Masatierra: Rocky and stony ground on the high ridges or near the sea,
also in the dry western parts of the island, but not reported from the eastern
section. North-east corner of El] Yunque, c. 580 m; V. Colonial, C. Central on
the crest, 570 m (also JoHow); Cave no. 6, one specimen; Portezuelo de Vil-
lagra (also observed by JoHOW), 500—600 m, not uncommon (fl. 8/12 16, no. 9);
Q. del Monte Maderugo, road-side in the macal, 240 m, two specimens; C.
Salsipuedes, c. 600 m (fl. 8/12 16, no. 73); between La Vaqueria and Q. Juanango,
rather abundant; south slope of Co Tres Puntas; C. de las Cabras, 380 m; B.
Chupones, among rocks in the grass (fl. °/1 17, no. 255).
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 183
Masafuera: Scattered on the ridges and in the canyons; Q. de las Chozas,
Dicksonia-grove; Q. de las Casas (also observed by Jonow), rare; Q. Inocentes,
c. 500 m, abundant; ©. Angosta; Q. del Varadero, rare; slopes above Las
Chozas, 700—750 m, in the grass (fl. **/2, 7°/s, no. 524); C. del Barril, c. 750 m.
f. majuscula n. f. — Fig, 29d—e. — A typo differt statura majore et
magnitudine omnium partium. Rami ad 70 cm longi et 6,5 mm crassi, dense
foliosi. Folia ad 18 cm longa et 2 cm lata, sat profunde lacerata. Panicula
amplissima. Flores 2 ad 7 mm longi, tubo 3, limbo 4 mm. Achaenia ut in
typo. Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, one specimen in the bottom of the gorge
in a shady corner (fl. °/3 17, no. 375). — Looks like a »gigas-form». Aster
erigeroides Hook. et Arn, (=E. fruticosus) 8 proliferus Comp. Bot. Mag. II. 48
is a large-leaved form, but nothing is said about the size of the heads etc.; it
is described »corymbis quasi Jateralibus», an expression difficult to understand.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fig. 29. a—e Evigeron fruticosus: a outer and inner scales, b ray and ¢ disc floret; d—e f. ma-
juscula, ray floret and achene. f—i &. /uteoviridis, f outer and inner scales, g—h ray and disc
floret, i achene. — All X 6.
*119. E. luteoviridis nov. spec. — Fig. 29 f—i.
Euerigeron suffruticosus polycephalus subglaber luteoviridis. Radix pri-
maria persistens lignosa longissima (ad 58 cm longa visa), valde ramosa, multi-
ceps. Caulis lignosus plerumque a basi ramosus; innovationes basales internodiis
inferioribus elongatis, ceteris brevissimis folia rosulatim conferta gerentibus.
Rami florigeri 20—30 cm longi, rigidi, glabri, striati. Folia inferiora dense rosu-
lata, anguste spathulata vel lineari-lanceolata, acuta, in petiolum semiamplexi-
caulem longissime attenuata, plerumque 5— 8 cm longa et 4—6 mm lata, versus
apicem dentibus acutis parvis incrassatis utrinque circ. 5 munita, reticulatim
nervosa nervo mediano permanifesto, pallida, lutescenti-viridia, subglabra (pilis
nonnullis marginalibus) vel glaberrima, valde firma quasi coriacea; folia caulina
inferiora similia, superiora linearia, integra, 2—4 cm longa et 2—3 mm lata.
Capitula ex axillis supremis orta, subumbellatim disposita, pauca — sat nume-
rosa, circ. 8 mm diam., inferiora pedunculis elongatis 3—5 cm longis, bracteo-
latis, simplicibus vel infimis parce ramosis, glabris vel parce pilosis suffulta.
Involucrum 5—5,5 mm altum, 4,;—5 mm diam., subglabrum. Squamae lanceo-
184 CARL SKOTTSBERG
latae, acutae, hyalino-marginatae, minute laceratae nec non parce piligerae,
paucae exteriores breviores 2,;—3 X I mm, intermediae numerosae 4,5—5 X I,2
mm, intimae angustiores glaberrimae. Flores radii omnes & ligulati albi glaber-
rimi, tubo circ. 2 mm longo, ligula angusta suberecta apice indistincte lobulata
circ. 3 mm longa; flores disci § corolla 3—3,5 mm longa lutea. Achaenia
ovata compressa subglabra, 1,5 mm longa et 0,e—0o,7 mm lata. Pappus circ.
2,5 mm longus.
Masafuera: In the alpine region; edge of western precipice, above Buque
Varado, c. 1200 m (fl.-fr. ‘/3 17, no. 558); C. Atravesado, c. 1350 m (fl 1°/. 17,
no. 500). No. 558 differs from the type (no. 500) in the broader, more coarsely
serrate leaves.
Near &. fruticosus, but undoubtedly quite distinct. The light colour and
the thick leaves characterize the new species; /. fruticosus is pure green, much
more villous, and has much thinner leaves, generally also a distinct trunk, which
attains the height of a few feet.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
*120. E. Ingae nov. spec. — Plate 16, fig. 1; text fig. 30 a—d.
Euerigeron perennis basi suffruticosus hirsutus oligocephalus. Caudex sat
profunde infossus lignosus di- polychotome ramosus, radicibus numerosis chordi-
formibus; innovationes basales longi subrosulatim foliosi. Caules florigeri ad
30 cm vel ultra alti, sat robusti, adscendentes—erecti, sulcato-striati, pilis longis
albis pluricellularibus + dense villosi. Folia basalia rosulata, infima tempore
floris jam emortua, spathulata, in petiolum basi dilatatum longe angustata, acuta
vel obtusata et mucronata, superne grosse serrato-dentata dentibus late triangu-
latis mucronulatis utrinque I—3(—4), sat obscure viridia, undique sparse et
longe villosa, 4—7 cm longa, 8—12 im lata; caulina sensim minora, spathu-
lato-linearia, breviter petiolata, margine dente uno vel altero instructa, suprema
sublinearia, 2—4 cm longa et 3—5 mm lata, integra. Caulis sub capitulo ter-
minali leviter incrassatus. Capitula terminalia et ex axillis supremis I—3 (rarius
ad 5) lateralia, pedunculis tenuibus villosis ad g—12 cm longis caulem superanti-
bus suffulta, 16—18 mm diam. Involucrum 7—8 mm altum et 10 mm crassum.
Squamae, exterioribus paucis brevibus exceptis, 6,;—7,5 mm longae et I—I,2
latae, lanceolatae, acutatae, margine et dorso villosae, intimae margine irregula-
riter hyalino-laceratae, parce pilosae—glabriusculae. Flores 2 ad g mm longae,
albae, corolla 7—8 mm longa, tubo perparce villoso. Flores ¥ 5,5 mm longi
lutei. Achaenia valde compressa, margine incrassato setoso, in latere basi et
apice pilis nonnullis inspersa, 2—2,; mm longa et I mm lata, pappo circ.
2 mm longo.
Masafuera: Las Torres, on rock ledges, 1370 m (fl. '°/2 17, no. 391);
Los Inocentes, c. 1350 m (fl.-fr. °/3 17, no. 556). — Named in honour of Mrs.
INGA SKOTTSBERG.
var. Innocentium nov. var. — Fig. 30 e—h. — A typo differt foliis con-
spicue latioribus, basalibus spathulatis 4—7 cm longis et 1—2 cm latis, late
rotundato-obtusis, mucronulatis, margine grosse sinuato-dentatis, caulinis ovato-
lanceolatis subintegris vel integris, 2—2,5 cm longis et 7—12 mm latis. Inflore-
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 185
scentia magis contracta. Involucri squamae 5—6 mm longae; flores 2 7 mm,
% 4 mm longi. Achaenia 1,5 mm solum longa, pappo aequilongo. — Masa-
fuera: Los Inocentes, c. 1400 m (fl.-fr. °.3 17, no. 557). — Only very few
specimens observed; habitually somewhat different on account of the broader
leaves and also notable for the smaller flowers, but more material is required
in order to decide whether it deserves the rank of a species.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Fig. 30. a—d Evigeron Ingae: a largest outer, and inner scales, b ray and c¢ disc floret,
d achenes; e—h var. /nmocentium, e outer and inner scales, f ray and g disc floret, h achene.
Lee6s
#101. E. turricola nov. spec. — Plate 16, fig. 2; text fig. 31 a—g.
Euerigeron perennis caespitosus parvulus monocephalus. Rhizoma adscen-
dens, radicibus numerosis fibrosis, multiceps. Folia carnosula firma, dense rosu-
lata, spathulata, petiolo laminam aequante usque ad duplo superante, obtusato-
rotundata et apiculata, dentibus utrinque 1—2 sat manifeste mucronatis ornata,
3—4 cm longa et 3—7 mm lata, saltem secus marginem pilosa vel undique
hirsuta, pilis longis pluricellularibus. Scapus 5—12 cm altus, sulcato-angulatus,
strictus vel leviter curvatus, subglaber—hirsutus, monocephalus vel rarissime ex
axillo supremo capitulum alterum producens, perparce foliosus superne nudus,
folia caulina 3—7 linearia acutiuscula 1—2,5 cm longa, summa vel interdum
omnia valde reducta bracteiformia. Capitulum circ. 15 mm diam. Involucrum
5X6 mm. Squamae una vel altera brevis, triangulata 2,5 x I mm solum
186 CARL SKOTTSBERG
metiens, ceterae 4—5 X I—I,2 mm, lanceolatae, acutae, denticulatae, dorso dense
hirsutae; intimae subglabrae, margine solum dense ciliatae nec non scariosae
et denticulatae. Flores 2 albi, circ. 9 mm longi, limbo angusto + distincte
tridentato patente, 4,5—5 mm longo, tubo extus pilis nonnullis insperso. Flores
8 flavi, 4,.—5 mm longi. Achaenia + oblique ovata, compressa, margine in-
crassato hirsuto ceterum subglabra vel sub apice pilis paucis bifurcatis inspersa,
<a = = —
C ;
al
Fig. 31. a—f Evrigeron turricola: a outer and inner scales, b bilabiate and ¢ normal ray floret,
all from f. glabrior; d scales from hairy specim., e disc floret, f achene, g top of style. h—k Z.
vrupicola: h one outer and two inner scales, i ray and disc floret, k achene. 1-m Guaphalium
spiciforme, outer and inner scales, 1 of LECHLER no. 1250 ex p., m from Masafuera. n G. spi
catum no. 118, scales. — g X 50, all others xX 6.
I,s—2 mm longa et 0,8 mm lata, pappo ad 2,5 mm longo. Adsunt interdum
flores 2 bilabiati (fig. 31 b).
Masafuera: alpine fell-fields near Las Torres, 1350—1370 m (disp. fr.
14/, 17, no. 483 b,c; — f. glabrior); humid moss-mats (fl. '°/2 17, no. 483); C.
del Barril, 1290 m (f. glabrior); Los Inocentes, 1350—1400 m.
Another characteristic species of the well known >alpine» habit. The
leaves are variable as to shape and degree of pubescence, but I think all the
specimens collected belong to the same species.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 187
122. E. rupicola Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 51. — Fig. 31 h—k.
Masafuera: GERMAIN! without locality. — Common on the coast rocks:
between Q. del Ovalo and Q. del Pasto; entrance to Q. del Mono (beg. fl. !%/s
17, no. 417 b); between Q. de las Casas and Q. de las Vacas (beg. fl. 1° 1°/2 17,
no. 417); Q. Angosta, in the canyon; Q. del Varadero (fl. 1*/3 17, no. 514b);
Rodado del Sandalo, abundant in places (fl. '"/2 17, no. 514); Q. de la Loberfa,
not uncommon. Seen once only in the alpine region, west of ©. Sanchez,
1100 m, one specimen (fl. ?°/2 17, no. 541).
Of this peculiar plant only one small and incomplete specimen existed
before, viz. the type in Herb. Santiago, so JOHOW believed that it was a very
rare species, while in reality it is quite common in many places on the coast
cliffs. As the description of PHILIPPI is incomplete, I shall add the following
notes.
The morphology is the same as in the other species without a trunk;
there is a stout, woody primary root of the multiceps type; the stems are
woody, profusely branched, more or less prostrate, forming dense mats. The
upper part of the flowering shoots dies in the autumn, while te base persists
and carries innovations. The leaves are mainly basal but seldom so densely
rosulate as in the others; they are long spathulate, entire, very obtuse, fleshy
and perfectly glabrous, but otherwise rather variable in outline, 3— 7 mm broad
and about 2—4 cm long, of which about one half belongs to the petiole. The
upper leaves are reduced to bracts. The branches end in a terminal head;
numerous lateral ones are developed in the axils of the upper leaves, borne on
very long, filiform pedicels with some leaves below and bracts above; sometimes
these leaves support a third generation of heads. As a rule, the pedicels are
glabrous; the upper part, however, slightly pilose in no. 541. Often enough all
the branches are abbreviated; if elongated, they are prostrate — ascending and
rise a few cm only above the ground. The head measures 7 mm across, the
involucre is 4,5 mm high and 5 mm wide, the scales 4—4,5 mm long, glabrous,
the outer setulose near the tip, the others quite glabrous with scariose denticu-
late margin. The 2 flower measures 7, the § 5 mm. The achenes are typical,
1,5 mm long, hispid along the thickened margin and on the flat surface. Pappus
2—2,5 mm.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Gnaphalium L.
123. G. spiciforme Sch. Bip. — Syn. G. spicatum Lam. var., SKOTTS-
BERG, Stud. 5. — I*ig. 31 I—m.
Masafuera: In the alpine region, apparently rare; first found by the
writer in 1908. Co Correspondencia, c. 1350 m (past fl.-fr. 1°/2—*/s 17, no. 414);
C. del Barril, 1290 m.
The determination of this plant remains uncertain. Anybody familiar
with the present state of confusion in the genus will understand the difficulty
of classifying a species belonging to the purpureum assemblage. It is not G.
spicatum; this wide-spread species has been introduced to Juan Fernandez and
188 CARL SKOTTSBERG
is easily known from the alpine Graphalium of Masafuera. This is strictly
perennial with numerous rosulate innovations; the scape is simple or very little
branched and has few leaves. The leaves are greenish grey above, snowy
white with long, dense wool below, and the same kind of long, crisp wool
thickly envelops the scape and heads. The latter form a dense, short almost
globular spike, surrounded by leaves; sometimes there are some lateral glomerules,
sessile. or pedunculate. The compact globose spikes and the long crisp wool
give to this form an appearance different from that of all forms of purpureum
or spicatum that I have seen.
The involucral scales number 15 to 20, all the outer are short and broad,
3 X I—I,2 mm, acute, greenish hyaline with dark brown apex; the inner are
larger, 4X I—I,5 mm, obtusely apiculate to square, denticulate, green in the
centre with broad hyaline edges and a dark brown or reddish brown tip. The
head measures 4 X 2,5 mm. In G. sficatum the head is smaller and narrower
(3 x I,s—2 mm), and not so dark, with all the scales acuminate or acute
(fig. 31 n).
The species was brought to G. spzciforme after a detailed comparison
with the type, LECHLER no. 1250, of which I have seen material in Upsala,
Kew and Marburg. It includes two forms, one very like my plant, another
with a leafy stem, grey wool and sessile clusters of heads in all the upper
axils. The latter is = G. mucronatum Phil. in Herb. Santiago; REICHE brought
this to spzciforme, but I think it is better to regard mucronatum as distinct and
to bring a part of LECHLER no. 1250 to this.
I have seen the following specimens of G. sfzczforme, as limited above:
ae Point, LECHLER no. 1250 ex p. (type), fig. 311; Port Famine, KING
(s. n. G. falcatum, very like the plant from Masafuera); Orange Harbour, WILKES
(s. n. G. consanguineum); Bay San Nicolas (CUNNINGHAM). DUSEN’s G. spicatum
from Lake Argentino in Patagonia (no. 5742) is similar in most respects. To
judge from our present knowledge of G. spzczforme, this is a magellanic species
with an outpost on Masafuera.
The sterile specimens of 1908 were compared with G. consanguineum Gaud.
The fresh material clearly shows the difference between them, and consanguineum
is brought to sfzcatum by most authors.
Area of distribution: South Patagonia; Fuegia; Masafuera.
Abrotanella Cass.
*124. A. crassipes nov. spec. — Fig. 32 a—h.
Pulvinatim caespitosa, caespite rotundato—subplano, denso nec non sat
magno. Folia creberrime rosulata, linearia, haud marginata, curvato-patula,
glabra, plerumque 10—15 mm longa, infra apicem 1I,5—2 mm lata; lamina car-
nosa, supra punctulis depressis inspersa, apice rotundato-subconica, minutissime
apiculata, versus basin leviter angustata deinde in vaginam subhyalinam ner-
vosam intus glandulosam dilatata. Glandulae ferrugineae stipitatae clavatae
multicellulares. Scapus in ramis terminalis, 1—2-foliatus, primo inter folia
+ absconditus, statu fructifero elongatus nec non incrassatus et carnosus, ad
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 189
IO—1I5 mm longus et 1!,;—2,; mm crassus, basi semper tenuis, leviter angulatus,
monocephalus. Capitulum circ. 3 mm diam. Involucrum 6—8-phyllum squamis
ovatis—latissime obovatis, obtusis, + truncatis, viridibus apice + roseo, margine
hyalinis, uninerviis, basi praesertim glandulis (supra depictis) munitis, 2—2,2 mm
longis. Flores obscure rubri, pauci—sat numerosi (ad 16 visi), circ. 3 mm longi:
Q perpauci, ¥ magis numerosi, omnes fertiles, stylus floris ¥ distincte bifido
fere ut in 2. Calyx nullus. Achaenia ovoideo-fusiformia, obscure tetragona,
Fig. 32. Abrotanella; a—h A. crassipes: a branch, nat. size, b leaves, X 5, ¢ scales, X 17,
d scape with head, X 2,5, e Q and f % flower, X 10, g achenes, X 17, h gland, X 150. i—k A.
linearifolia, i scale and k achene, X 17. 1—m A. Mose/eyi, 1 scales, m achenes, X 17.
apice leviter concava et margine humili circumvallata, glabra, 2—2,5 mm longa,
pappo plane destituta.
Masafuera: Only found on the top of Los Inocentes, 1325—1400 m,
abundant in places (past fi.-fr. °/s 17, no. 502).
A. crassipes is nearly related to A. /inearis Berggr. (New Zealand) and to
A. linearifolia A. Gray (West Patagonia, Fuegia). It differs from the former in
the shape of the flowers and achenes and especially in the leaves, which have
a long pilose sheath in A. /mearis. I have not seen type material af A. /zneart-
folia, but specimens from. Pto Churucca in Herb. Kew are rightly named and
Igo CARL SKOTTSBERG
agree very well with the type; only, the involucral scales are said to be »sub
2—3-nervatae» (Proc. Amer. Acad. V.137) and I find them 1-nerved (fig. 32 i).
The achenes have a corona of 4—5 long bristles (fig. 32 k). These bristles are
present in all the achenes, while there is no trace of them in A. crassipes. On
the other hand, the glands described above seem to be absent. The plant
found by the writer in Tierra del Fuego and named linearifolia (K. Sv. Vet.-
Akad. Handl. LVI (1916), 318, Taf. 23, Fig. 27) differs from the ordinary one
in its much more compact growth and in the much shorter, more canaliculate
leaves. Perhaps it ought to be separated from “nearzfolia, but the coroniform
pappus is the same.
It is, however, possible that A. crassipes is not confined to Masafuera.
In Herb. Kew I found an unnamed specimen, labelled »Otway Harbour, Gulf
of Penas, Patagonia. Coll. Mr. MOSELEY Jan. 1876. REED June 1876». It is
very like my plant; the leaves are a trifle narrower, the scape not at all in-
crassate, in spite of the achenes being ripe, but some scapes in crasszpes are
less elongated and incrassate than the rest. The scales (fig. 321) have the
same general outline and there are a few glands of the same kind. The achenes
are more distinctly clavate, without any beak at all (fig. 32 m). At present, I
distinguish this as A. Moseleyi nov. spec. Further material is required to decide
whether it is better to bring it to A. crassipes.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Robinsonia DC.
DECANDOLLE, Prodr. VI, established three sections: Symphyochaeta (RA.
macrocephala), Eleutherochaeta (RX. Gayana and thurifera) and Eleuthero-
lepis (XR. gracilis). In several respects R. macrocephala differs so much from
the other species that the most modern taxonomists would reserve the name
Robinsonia for this species alone. According to my opinion, we loose more
than we gain by splitting up an isolated genus like this, the species of which
are, without the slightest doubt, genetically related to each other but lacking
closer connection with all other genera. That, in many orders, apparently
small characters must be, and have always been, used to distinguish the genera,
is one thing; but to make this a rule is wrong: this mechanical and spiritless
splitting-up process may, perhaps, satisfy the ambition of the authors of all
these »new genera» but it has become a burden to all other botanists. Thus,
I retain Rodznzsonza in its old sense, distinguishing two subgenera, Symphyo-
chaeta, comprising A. macrocephala, and Eleutherochaeta to receive all the
other species, which have free pappus setae and deciduous corolla. I propose
to subdivide the latter subgenus into two sections, Symphyolepis with soldered
(R. Gayana and ¢thurifera) and Eleutherolepis with free involucral scales
(R. eventa, Masafuerae, gracilis). There are some other differences between
these sections. In Symphyolepis the base of the pappus forms a conspicuous
coronula and the style of the ¢ flowers is shortly bifid with acute penicillate
branches; in Eleutherolepis the pappus setae are free almost to their very base,
and the style is deeply bifid with linear-truncate branches. Of the three species
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS IQ!
of this section &. graci/is differs from the others by its small, narrow leaves
and less constricted involucre with obsolete calyculus. Habitually, it is equally
distant from all the other species.
Key to the genus Robinsonia.
I. Pappus of 2 flower forming a tube, including the persistent corolla. Leaves
with a very dense net of small pellucid venules between the nerves.
Subg. I. Symphyochaeta (DC.) Skottsb. R. macrocephala Dene.
II. Pappus bristles free, caducous as also the corolla. Leaves with a much
Boarser: net, of Veins, <.:.-.---..- Subg. II. Eleutherochaeta (DC.) Skottsb.
A. Involucral scales soldered. Leaves distinctly acuminate.
Sect. 1. Symphyolepis Skottsb.
1. Scales cohaerent almost to their tips. Inflorescence rounded — flat.
Leaves c. 12 cm long, with numerous lateral veins almost parallel
LE] OTC DVSSRRTS 616 oe MP ee PRO En Coe R. Gayana Dene.
2. Scales cohaerent to 7/3. Inflorescence pyramidal. Leaves c. 20cm
long with lateral veins forming a conspicuous net with large meshes.
R. thurifera Dene.
B. Scales free. Leaves acute, but not distinctly acuminate.
Sect. 2. Eleutherolepis DC.
1. Calyculus conspicuous. Leaves 8—15 cm long.
a. Leaves fleshy with thick base, leaving semilunar, flat scars.
R. evenia Phil.
b. Leaves coriaceous with less thickened base, leaving linear,
PROMMIMEM ty SCA tS ee soso on anne R. Masafuerae Skottsb.
2. Calyculus indistinct. Leaves about 3 cm long. A. gracilis Dene.
128. R. macrocephala Decne. — JoHow, Estud. 57. — Fig. 33 a—c.
Masatierra: Pto Frances, Loma Incienso (called thus after the Robin-
sonia), c. 360 m, scattered specimens (past fl.-fr. 1/12 16, no. 131, also observed
by JoHow); hills between Pto Frances and Rabanal (JoHow); Co Centinela,
steep slope near the entrance to El Pangal, some few shrubs c. 300 m (fr. A e195
no. 573).
The pappus of this species is quite unique, forming a closed, tough and
firm tube with a wrinkled surface. The achenes, glabrous in other species, are
setose in this. The calyculus consists of few, minute bracts. The involucre
in the @ measures 10—12 mm in length by 8—g across; the head is about
15 mm long and 10 mm broad. The scales number 17 or 18 and are firmly
soldered. The ray florets are 5 to 8, but sometimes only 2 or 3, sometimes
none at all, according to Jonow. They are about 10 mm long; the ligule is
atropurpureous, boat-shaped, 2 I mm, not smaller than in other species in
contrary to older statements. The disc florets are yellow with reddish lobes,
8—8,; mm long including the ovary. When the fruit is ripe, the involucre
bursts open in a quite irregular fashion. The achenes are much larger than in
other species, 7—8 mm.
192 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Unfortunately, the flowers of the few male plants seen were all gone already
on the 13th of, December, so they remain unknown. There were only few
female heads still in flower and even these fairly advanced. DECAISNE, Ann.
sc. nat. I. 28 writes: »Vidi specim. unicum in herb. Mus. Paris, a Claudio Gay
relatum. Floret Januario. Fructum perfecit Februario». Gay visited Masatierra
in February (JOHOW |. c. 38). His specimens are in fruit, and I do not think
they flowered in January, as every specimen seen by us must have flowered
already in November. According to JOHOw, only Gay and himself ever col-
lected this species, but in DC. Prodr. VI. 448 we find the following statement:
»leg, cl. LARRAIN et CLAUD. GAY»; comp. above, foot-note on p. 176.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
126. R. Gayana Decne. — JOHOw, Estud. 58; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. Taf. 5,
Fig. 1. — Fig. 33 h—k, 35 d—e.
Masatierra: Common on all the ridges from Pto Frances to Co Chuma-
cera; abundant in the higher parts where it forms a conspicuous feature in the
vegetation of the rocky crests; occasionally found at lower altitudes (280 m on
the north, 190 on the south side of the island). — Fl. Dec. 1916, nos. 22 and
i232 ou 23.9e4 and 137.2. fr, Aiprilarol7,.no,-23)b.
Male plant: Heads less numerous than in 2, 8—9 mm high, with fully
expanded rays up to 12 mm across (larger than the female, contrary to the
statement of JOHOW); involucre 5—6 x 4,5—5 mm; flowers yellow, ray florets
generally 8, 6—7 mm long, ligules almost plane, 3,5—4 * 2—2,5 mm, style
slightly bifid with short triangulate, acute lobes; disc florets 6—7 mm long,
lobes of style incrassate, conical, abruptly narrowed with apiculate tips.
Female plant: Heads as many as 100 in the corymb, 5—6 mm high by
4,5—5 across; involucre 4—4,5 mm in length and width; flowers greenish yellow,
7—8 ray florets 5 mm long, ligule + erect, boat-shaped, + bifid; disc florets 4 mm
long not counting the exserted style, which is thick with small lobes. Achenes
2—2,5 mm long, those of the ray florets shorter and more curved. Both sexes
with very few and small calycular bracts.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
127. R. thurifera Dcne. — JoHow, Estud. 59. — Fig. 33 d—g, 35 a, f, g.
Masatierra: BERTERO! SOHRENS! — On the ridges, among shrubs and
small trees, rare. C. Chifladores, one specimen 350 m, numerous about 450 m
(past fl. 17/2 17, no. 619 &, 620 g). Portezuelo de Villagra (also observed by
SOHRENS), south-west slope of Co Piramide, 575—600 m, about 20 trees seen
(fl. 24/1 17, no. 358 2, 367 J): one plant epiphytic on Blechnum cycadifolium.
DECAISNE’s description refers to the female plant only, and the specimen
brought by SOHRENS is also female. Apparently the male plant is described
below for the first time.
Heads less numerous than in 9, where there are several hundred in one
panicle, 7 mm high, 10 mm across; involucre 4,5—5 by 3,5-4 mm, cylindric-
campanulate, of about 13 scales, united to above the middle, glabrous with
rather abrupt, penicillate apex. Ray florets generally 5 (sometimes 6), 7 mm
long, ligule dirty yellow, 4 x 2 mm, tridentate, a little fleshy; style long exserted,
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 193
lobes ovate with penicillate apex. Disc florets 5 mm long, not counting the
exserted stamens, yellowish green; stamens distinctly thickened below the anther,
style a little exserted with orbicular-triangulate, slightly divergent stigmas, their
tips penicillate. Pappus composed of very few bristles.
The following notes complete the earlier short descriptions of the female
plant. Head 4 mm high and 4,5 across, involucre only 3 < 3 mm, smaller than
in all the other species, with few inconspicuous calycular bracts. Ray florets
generally 8, sometimes as few as 5, yellowish green, only 3—3,2 mm long with
a small (1,5 X 0,7 mm), boat-shaped ligule; style thick with short lobes, yellowish
green; disc florets of the same colour, 3 mm long, not counting the exserted
style; stigmas short, divergent. Achenes 10-costate acc. to DECAISNE, 5—10-
costate acc. to Jouow; I found them 5—8-costate, ribs little prominent and not
equidistant. The achene is crowned by a narrow ring much less conspicuous
than in &. Gayana. On most of the achenes examined there are one or more
thick, white stripes, which proved to be composed of the resin exuded on the
stem of this and other Robinsonias, but not met with on the achene in any
other species. These clumps of resin were observed by DECAISNE, l. c. 24:
»le R. thurifera a ses fruits munis de cOotes trés saillantes et formées par une
substance médullaire blanchatre», The marginal achenes are shorter (1,5 mm
long) and more curved than those of the centre, where they are 2 mm long, a
difference also noted in &. Gayana. There are only 5 to 10 bristles, while, in
all the congeners, they are much more numerous.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
128. R. evenia Phil. — JoHow, Estud. 60. — Fig. 33 l—o, 34 b, 35 b.
Masatierra: GERMAIN! REED! DOWNTON! MOSELEY], all without locality.
— Not uncommon in the eastern and central parts, along the higher ridges,
at the limit of the forest among brushwood, or in the humid, D7cksonza-rich
woods. — C. Chifladores, one large, apparently not epiphytic specimen at 350 m,
many in the forest 500 m, all epiphytic; between Q. de la Piedra Agujereada
and Q. Laura, c. 500 m, on Lecksonia, abundant; C. Centinela, 560 m, on Dzck-
sonia, abundant; the depression between Co Damajuana and Co Yunque, 580 m,
on Thyrsopteris; V. Colonial, C. Central, 570 m, on Dzcksonia; Portezuelo de
Villagra, among shrubs c. 600 m, several trees, all growing on tree-ferns (fl. J
3/2 16, no. 25); C. Salsipuedes, in Dzcksonza-grove, 670 m, seedlings (no. 74)
and adult plants, all epiphytic (fl. 17/1 17, no. 82 9, 83 4); dense forest on a
mountan spur west of Co Yunque, c. 500 m, epiphytic; Q. Villagra, c. 500 m,
on Dicksonia.
Curiously enough it is nowhere stated that 7. evenza is an epiphyte. It
grows on the trunks of tree-ferns; only in one single case a large and old speci-
men was found growing on the ground, but I am inclined to believe that also
this had germinated on the base of a fern tree, sending, as it often does, roots
into’ the soil, and that the original substratum had disappeared. The seedling
has fleshy, densly pilose, coarsely serrate leaves. Even the old, perfectly
glabrous leaves are much more fleshy than in other species, a circumstance
perhaps connected with the epiphytic life; they are as much as 1 mm thick
(not counting the midrib), and the veins are hardly visible.
13 —20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
194 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Fig. 33. Flowers of Rodinsonia. a—c KR. macrocephala Q: a ray, b disc floret, ¢ achene.
d—g RX. thurifera: d ray, € disc floret of o, f ray, g disc floret of 9. h—k R. Gayana: h ray
and i disc floret of o, j ray, k disc floret of 9. 1—o &#. eventa: 1 ray, m disc floret of of,
n ray, o disc floret of 2. p—s A. Masafuerae. p ray, 4 disc floret of o’, r ray, s disc floret
of 9. t—x R. gracilis: t ray, u disc floret of o, v ray, x disc Horet of 9. — All x 8.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNARDEZ ISLANDS 195
Male plant: Head 8 mm high, 10—12, rarely as much as 15 mm across.
Involucre of about 13 scales, 6—7 KX 4—4,5 mm, campanulate, with 5 or 6 small
calycular bracts. Ray florets 8, pure yellow, 8—1o mm long; ligule tridentate,
3,2—4 X 2,5 mm; style hardly exserted, bifid; pappus rays numerous (25—30)
in all kinds of flowers. Disc florets greenish yellow, 6—7 mm long; style deeply
bifid with truncate branches.
Female plant: Head about 10 mm high, 7—8 across; involucre cylindrical,
7—8 X 5 mm; ray florets 8, yellow, 7—8 mm long; ligule 2,5 x 2 mm; style
greenish, deeply bifid; disc florets 6 mm long, yellow with greenish, barely
exserted style. Young achenes slightly costate with pilose costae.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
*129.. R. Masafuerae_ nov. spec. — Plate 17, fig 1; text fig. 33 p—s,
Bava oe Cc, ok, 1.
Arbuscula dioeca ad 2 m alta, trunco primario certe ad 7 cm crasso, pseudo-
dichotome-subumbellatim ramosa, ramis junioribus viridibus, cicatricibus lineari-
bus foliorum manifeste notatis. Folia ad
apicem ramorum more generis conferta, cras-
siuscula, subcoriacea, dilute viridia, glaberrima,
lanceolata—anguste obovato-lanceolata, in
apicem acutum sensim angustata, versus basin
valde contracta, margine in parte dimidia
superiore minute denticulata, nervo mediano
utrinque conspicuo, basi latissimo, secun-
dariis indistinctis, angulo acuto exeuntibus,
plerumque 7—12 cm longa et I,;—2 cm lata,
sed magnitudo summopere variabilis (folia
ad 18,2 X 4,7 cm visa, in specimine sylvicola
unico invento ad 22 « 3,5 cm). Inflorescentia
terminalis valde ramosa corymbosa, bracteis
sat parvis instructa; pedicelli capitulorum
I—2 cm longi, superne pilosi. Capitula ¢
7 mm alta et I0 mm crassa; involucrum
campanulatum, 5 mm altum et 4 mm latum,
addito calyculo a bracteis perpaucis angustis
ad 2 mm longis formato. Squamae circ. 12,
5 mm longae et 1,5 mm latae, glabrae vel
dorso pilis nonnullis inspersae, apice penicil-
latae, crassae, margine scariosae, liberae sed
manifeste imbricatae. Flores ligulati 8, flavi,
8 mm longi, ligula 3—3,5 * 2 mm, irregula-
riter tridentata, in tubum abrupte angustata,
stylo breviter bifido paulo exserto. Flores
disci 6 mm longi, viridi-lutei, antheris flavis; stylus inclusus apice bifidus ramis
truncatis penicillatis. Pappus multiradiatus. Capitula 2 magis numerosa certe
ad 75, 8 mm alta et 7 mm lata; involucrum cylindrico-campanulatum, sub apice
constrictum, basi truncatum et pilosiusculum, 6—7 mm altum basi 4—5 mm
a
Fig. 34. Leaves of a Robinsonta Masa-
Juerae, b R. evenia. Nat. size.
196 CARL SKOTTSBERG
latum, calyculo conspicuo e bracteis 5—6 (vel ultra) ad 4 mm longis formato.
Squamae ad 14, ut in gd, sed magis adpressae et conspicue longiores. Flores
ligulati 8, flavi, 8 mm longi, ligula 2,2—2,5 mm longa et 1,;—2 mm lata, sub-
tridentata; stylus exsertus ramis patentibus. Flores disci viridescentes, 6 mm
longi, staminodiis minutis, stylo exserto ut in praecedente. Achaenia fusiformia,
fusca, 9—10-costata, c. 2,2 mm longa; pappus setis circ. 25 basi annulum minutum
formantibus.
Masafuera: On the high ridges, generally growing in the fernbeds, often
much damaged by the goats, which had killed a great many specimens. —
Edge of western precipice, above Buque Varado, c. 1250 m; near the Corre-
spondencia camp, 1130 m (fl.-past fl. '®/2 17, no. 434 &, no. 1233 0); Las Torres,
1370 m, rare; C. Atravesado, 1350 m, one small tree; C: del Barril) © 7o@mms;
Los Inocentes, 740—950 m, among Dicksonza, also seen growing on the trunk
of this; slopes of O. Varadero, c.650 m. One aberrant sterile plant was observed
in ©. de las Chozas in dense forest, with long, thin leaves (no. 374); one
seedling was found in the Casas canyon.
Of special interest as the first Rodzmsonza reported from Masafuera. It is
very near 7. evenza, but as a rule not epiphytic and differing in many respects.
The leaves (fig. 34) have a broader midrib and are more narrowed towards the
base, the base is less incrassate and the scars left linear, not triangular or
semilunar as in evenza. The female head is a trifle smaller and has a more
conspicuous calyculus. The details of the flowers show some differences, as
seen from my illustrations.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
130. R. gracilis Decne. — JOHOw, Estud. 61. — Fig. 33 t—x, 35 h.
Masatierra: In the shrubberies of the ridges, not seen at a lower altitude
than 530 m, scarce. Between Q. de la Piedra Agujereada and Q. Laura, robust
specimens; C. Centinela (also observed by JOHOW), 530 m, forming small
thickets and exceptionally well developed (fr. 78/3 17, no. 577); crest of the
island above Pangal, c. 800 m, very scarce; V. Colonial, C. Central, c. 570 m,
solitary; Portezuelo de Villagra, one ¢ plant near the SELKIRK memorial (buds
3hie, beg. fl. '/12 16, no. 24), and a few @ plants, one of which grew on Blech-
num cycadifolium (fl. **/12 16, no. 195), C. Salsipuedes, 730—750 m, solitary
(bes, f1es/1e/16,9n0. 78 Gasi/ 2).
JOoHOW writes |. c. »ligulas numerosas i mucho mas largas que en las demas
especies». HEMSLEY’s figure of a male plant shows 8—1Io ligules (pl. 55). My
observations, made on abundant living material, are not in accordance with
JOHOW’s statements.
Inflorescence comparatively small, only containing 20—25 heads. Caly-
culus of few, minute bracts. Involucre 4 mm high and 4 mm across, little
exceeded by the florets, of about 12 scales, firmly pressed together in 2, much
less so in g. The male head is 7—8 mm across, the ray florets generally 8,
bright yellow, 5 mm long; ligules 2,5 x 2 mm, 2—3-dentate. Style slightly
bifid with erect branches. Disc florets yellow, 4 mm long, style deeply bifid
with truncate branches, hardly reaching the full length of the stamens.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF ‘THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 1Q7
The female head is 4 mm across; ray florets 8, yellow, 4 mm long with
small ligule (c. 1 X 0,9 mm), 2-—3-dentate. Disc florets cylindric, yellowish
green, 3,2 mm long, with exserted bifid-truncate style and minute staminodes.
The achenes are 1,2 mm long, costate, glabrous according to JoHow, but
minutely scabrid.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
Fig 35. a—b tp of style in male disc florets, a of R. thurifera, b of R. eventa, X 50. © Q
head of &. Masafuerae, X 5. d—i achenes: d—e FR. Gayana, ray (d) and disc (e); f—g PR. thisz-
Jera, ray (f) and disc (g); h R. gracilis (disc); k—i R. Masafuerae, disc (k) and ray (i). d—i X 17.
Rhetinodendron Meisn.
131. R. Berterii (Dcne) Hemsl. — JOHow, Estud. 55. — Fig. 36.
Masatierra: in the high parts of the central section, generally in open,
low forest, rarely observed below 500 m, scarce. — FE] Rabanal (JOHOW); the
depression between Co Damajuana and Co Yunque, 540 m; V. Colonial, C.
Central (also observed by JOHOW), on both sides of the crest, 535—570 m,
many specimens (past fl. 2 15/; 17, no. 301); Portezuelo de Villagra, a few trees
on a rock ledge, c. 600 m (beg. fl. 14/12 16, no. 134 d, 135 2); Q. Seca, in
the forest, one seedling; C. Salsipuedes (also observed by JOHOw); highest
part of Q. Salsipuedes, rare (fl. J 7/12 16, no. 173) ridge west of Co Yunque,
c. 530 m; Q. Villagra, in the forest c. 500 m, solitary (also observed by JOHOW);
south slope of Co Chumacera (fl. 2 °/1 17, no. 253).
According to JoHow, Rhetinodendron generally is an epiphyte, and later
198 CARL SKOTTSBERG
authors have repeated this statement, adding their own reflections. I ‘shall
return to this question when dealing with my ecological observations: at present
it suffices to tell that, in spite of the very special attention paid to this plant,
of which I have seen much more than earlier visitors, I have been unable to
discover a single case where an adult specimen was epiphytic. Once, two
seedlings were observed on 7hyrsopterts, but seedlings of Robinsonias as well
as of Dendroseris micrantha are often found growing on the trunks of ar-
boreous ferns.
The structure of the head in LRhetinodendron is interesting and will be
described with full details later; this time I only refer to my figures. The pap-
b
Fig. 36. MRhetinodendron Berterit; a 9 head, b & head, ¢ o@ flower, d achene — All X 8.
pus is peculiar, for it forms four different portions, two larger lateral and two
smaller, dorsal and ventral; the achene is flattened in tangential direction.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra; monotypic.
Centaurodendron Johow.
132. C. dracaenoides Joh., Estud. 63; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 5, Taf. 5,
Fig. 2—3.
Masatierra: only on the high ridges encircling Cumberland Bay, very
rare. Forest on the very steep slope of Co Damajuana, one specimen seen;
Portezuelo de Villagra, three specimens near the path just below the pass,
c. 550 m, three more seen on the slope of Co Piramide close to the pass, 580 m
(no. 1234); northwest face of the same mountain, on rock ledges, several trees.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 199
The first who collected Cextaurodendron was not JOHOW, but BERTERO;
still, B. did not discover it. Under the name of Dendroserits micrantha, BER-
TERO no. 1602! (Herb. Kew) there is one sheet with pieces of an old inflore-
scence of the latter together with a leaf of Centaurodendron.
JOHOW discovered this in July, 1892, and found it again in June, 1895; to
judge from a specimen in his herbarium it was also gathered by SOHRENS,
probably in April, 1895, on the same occasion when S. found Rodznsonia thurt-
fera, for it lies together with this under the same name. I rediscovered it in
August, 1908, and found the old inflorescence, just as JoHow did, but there
was no trace of new ones. From this I concluded that it flowers late in the
summer or even in the autumn, and I expected to get flowers this time, but
was cruelly deceived. For all I could do was to state that in certain years
not a single specimen produces flowers, and that the year 1916—17 was one
of them.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra; monotypic.
Dendroseris D. Don.
The type of the genus is D. macrophylla D. Don, Phil. Mag. XI (1832) 388,
collected in Masafuera by CUMING (Herb. Kew!). One year later DECAISNE,
in Arch. de Bot. I (1833) 513, described the genus Rea Bert. ms., with the
following species: R. macrantha Bert. et Dene (Masatierra), erterzaza Decne
(Masatierra), fzznata Bert. et Decne (Masatierra), 2evzzfolzca Dene (Masatierra),
micrantha Bert. et Decne (Masatierra), margimata Bert. et Dene (Masatierra:
Portezuelo), mo//zs Bert. et Dcne (Masatierra: Portezuelo). In Comp. Bot. Mag.
I.32 HOOKER and ARNOTT reduced Rea to Dendroserts, listing the following
species: D. macrophylla (with R. macrantha as syn.), Bertertana, pinnata, nerit-
folia, micrantha, marginata and mollis.
JoHow, Estud., reduced these seven species to four, declaring D. ber-
tertanma identical with pzzuata and marginata with macrophylla and rejecting
D. mollis altogether. Of this, only the leaves, described as »subincano-velu-
tina» — glabrous in all the others — are known. There is no specimen in
Kew, nor in Paris, and I have not been able to discover the type. JOHOW
guessed that a stout specimen of Guaphalium citrinum (= cheiranthifolium) or
some other similar plant was mistaken for Dendroseris. This is hardly probable.
In the locality given, Portezuelo, nothing like it is found, unless a young Aodzn-
sonta or Rhetinodendron was mistaken for a Dendroseris. With regard to BER-
TERO's ability as an observer, this is difficult to believe.
The treatment of Dendroseris in JOHOW’s flora is not quite satisfactory;
still, he is not to blame. He had no opportunity to see BERTERO’s types, his
own material was scarce; further, when HOOKER and ARNOTY reduced Kea
macrantha to D. macrophylla they indicated the wrong course later followed by
Gay and Jouow. HEMSLEY pointed out the validity of D. margznata, but
JoHow brought this to macrophylla. He was equally critical against his own
discoveries, for the peculiar mzcrantha from the coast rocks was only with hesita-
tion classified even as a variety, v. pruznata. In the case of D. Berteriana,
200 CARL SKOTTSBERG
JoHow based his opinion on BERTERO himself, who was inclined to regard it
as a noticeable form of fzuvata. While I regard fruznata as a species, I follow
JoHow with respect to Sertertana. Finally, JoHow added one new species,
D. gigantea, which has remained very little known until now.
Returning to D. macrophylla, it is evident that Rea macrantha is different
from this. Both have incised leaves, but their shape is not the same and there
are many differences in the flower and fruit. 2. macrophylla is endemic in
Masafuera, macrantha in Masatierra. Rea marginata is certainly distinct from
both, not only in the leaves, which are entire, but also in flower and fruit,
described here for the first time. Finally, var. marginata of JoHOW, at home
on the coast rocks, is distinct from the true margznata and will receive the
new name JD. UMitoralis. Thus, D. macrophylla in JOHOW’s sense includes four
species, one from Masafuera, two confined to Masatierra and one to a rock off
Masatierra and to Santa Clara.
These four species differ from the rest in many respects. The stem is
branched, hollow with numerous diaphragms, the receptacle is also hollow, its
surface plane, with numerous fibrils round the points of insertion of the achenes.
The head is very large, the flowers bright orange, the achenes distinctly
winged, the pappus formed by short, irregular, + rufous bristles. I am pretty
sure that the »splitting-up school» would reserve the name Dendroseris for these
four species. My reasons for not doing so were explained under Xodznsonza.
The remaining species have creamy white flowers and unvinged, obovoid,
slightly compressed achenes; here the accordance between them ends, and they
belong to two rather different types. In D. pemnata and D. regia (nov. spec.)
the stem is simple, but otherwise as in D. macrophylla; the receptacle (unknown
in D. regia) is hollow, but concave and only slightly fibrillose. The remaining
species (D. micrantha, pruinata, neritfolia and gigantea) have a branched and
solid stem, and a solid, concave and naked receptacle. DD. pimnata and regia
are intermediate between the macrophylla-type and the mzcrantha-type. Either,
we should retain Dendroser?s in the old sense, or three genera must be
recognized. Further, D. ezgantea differs from all its congeners in the shape of
the corolla. In view of these circumstances I propose to subdivide the genus
in the following manner.
I. Stem branched, hollow. Head 3—5 cm wide; receptacle fibrillose; flowers
orange yellow; achenes winged. -__.-.... Subgen. I. Eudendroseris Skottsb.
A. Leaves chartaceous, grossly dentate-lobate.
1. Leaves oblong-ovate, + regularly lobate. Anthers dark. Achenes
mostly broader than long. Cotyledons entire.
D. macrantha (Bert. et Dene) Skottsb.
2. Leaves often as broad as long, irregularly lobate-serrate. Anthers
yellow. Achenes twice as long as broad. Cotyledons trilobate.
D. macrophylla D. Don.
B. Leaves coriaceous, entire.
1. Anthers dark. Achenes thick.
D. marginata (Bert. et Dene) Hook. et Arn.
oAwAmthers;: yellow, Atchenes, very flates. «22.4 D. litoralis Skottsb.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 201
II. Head smaller. Flowers whitish. Achenes not winged.
A. Stem simple, hollow. Receptacle fibrillose. Leaves pinnate.
Subgen. I]. Phoenicoseris Skottsb.
1. Pinnae deeply bifurcate with linear segments.
D. pinnata (Bert. et Dene) Hook. et Arn.
2. Pinnae + ovate, dentate.
a. Petiole winged, but not auriculate.
D. pinnata var. insignis (Bert.).
bil Petiolesdurieuldte:su: ci tees! tk. oteinimmen Deringer Skottsh
B. Stem branched, solid. Receptacle naked. Leaves entire.
Subgen. III. Rea (Bert. ex p.) Skottsb.
1. Leaf-margin minutely denticulate or entire. Ligule 5-dentate.
Sect. 1. Aurea Skottsb.
a. Leaves petiolate. Involucre funnel-shaped, c. 5 mm high.
+. Leaves coriaceous, narrow lanceolate.
D. neritfolia (Dene) Hook. et Arn.
+ +. Leaves chartaceous, ovate-lanceolate.
D. micrantha (Bert. et Dene) Hook. et Arn.
b. Leaves sessile. Involucre campanulate, c. 10 mm high.
D. pruinata (Joh.) Skottsb.
2. Leaves densely dentate-serrate, very thin. Ligules deeply 5-cleft.
Sect. 2. Schzzoglossum Skottsb. D. gigantea Joh.
BENTHAM and Hooker FIL., Gen. plant. I. 219, describe the achene of
the Dendroseriidae in the following terms: »Achaenia a dorso compressa sub-
trigona v. 2—3-alata». This description fits the genus /’zchza, a genus not
very near Dendroseris. The achene of Zhamuoseris is unknown. The marginal
achenes of Dendroseris are more or less compressed from the back, triangular
in section, with two lateral and sometimes also with a ventral wing in £u-
dendroseris. But all the other achaenia in the head are compressed from the
sides, and their wings in Ludendroseris are dorsal and ventral only. This
dimorphism clearly stands in relation with the different position in the head.
It is illustrated below, fig. 37.
133. D. macrophylla D. Don. — JoHow, Estud. 70 p. p. min. — Fig.
siaiasoim:
Masafuera: CuMING! DowNTON! — On the walls of the canyons, also
higher up on the ridges and on the top of the lofty coast cliffs in some places,
scattered. Ravines above Q. Sanchez, solitary specimens; Q. de las Casas, rock
ledges (A. ?%/2 17, no. 362; also observed by JOHOW); Q. de las Vacas (also
JoHow); Q. Inocentes, some large trees on the cliffs c. 500 m; Q. Angosta, in
the narrow gorge; Rodado del Sdndalo, on the top of the cliff; Q. de la
Loberia, some fine trees, c. 250 m.
There is a good illustration of this species in CURTIS, Bot. Mag. t. 6353.
The specimens growing in the fissures on the canyon walls are small and
seldom more than 2 or 3 m high; in more suitable places there are much larger
ones, at least 5 or 6 m high and with a trunk 15 or perhaps 20 cm thick, so
202 CARL SKOTTSBERG
that D. macrophylla surpasses all the other species of Ludendroserzs in size and
beauty. It differs from these in several respects. The leaves are thinner,
papyraceous when dry, pure dark green. Their shape is variable. The large
rosulate leaves measure about 30—35 x 26—28 cm; they are broad ovate with
cordate base, + acuminate, grossly and irregularly dentate with triangular, cal-
lose teeth. The petiole attains a length of 20 cm; it is canaliculate, winged,
but comparatively slender. Other rosette leaves are orbicular in outline or even
broader than long (18 cm long and 23 cm broad in one of my specimens),
cordate, deeply inciso-lobate, at least in their lower half, with linear-triangular
segments. The inflorescence is composed of few but very large heads on long
pedicels; the lower supporting leaves are petiolate, subpinnate or sinuate, the
uppermost sessile, entire, auriculate. The corolla is c. 45 mm long, the ligule
3,5 mm across. The anthers are yellow. The style is yellow, with 3 mm long
branches. The achenes (only few mature ones seen) are 5—6 mm long, brown,
striate, the base narrow. In the marginal ones only the ventral wing is distinct,
the lateral wings being poorly developed. Embryo with very short radicle and
trilobate cotyledons.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
134. D. macrantha (Bert. et Decne) Skottsb. — JoHOow, Estud. 70 sub
D. macrophylla. — Fig. 37 b—d, n.
Masatierra: BERTERO no. 1600! — Portezuelo de Villagra, on the south-
west side of the pass (also observed by JOHOW), c. 580 m, two small specimens
seen (beg. fl. */1 17, no. 330).
BERTERO describes this as a tree 8 to 15 feet high and found in the
shady woods of the high mountains. His specimens probably came from Porte-
zuelo, as they bear no. 1600, for no. 1601, D. marginata, is collected in this
locality. To judge from BERTERO’s words, it seems he saw DP. macrantha in
more than one locality. In spite of a diligent search, we only found the two
dwarf trees mentioned above, growing almost concealed among dense shrubs
of Pernettya, etc.
D. macrantha differs from macrophylla in many respects. The leaves are
oblong, about twice as long as broad (large blades 25— 30 cm long by 13—14
wide), firmer than in the latter, shorter petiolate (6—7 cm), narrow cordate at
base but hardly decurrent, coarsely and regularly dentate-lobate; upper leaves
decurrent on the petiole, subentire or entire, uppermost sessile, auriculate.
Heads more numerous than in macrophylla. Flowers numerous, corollas as in
D. macrophylla, 35—40 mm long; anthers lilac brown; connective tip yellow
with numerous low, dark papillae, not found in other species. Style darker than
in macrophylla. Achenes quite different, broader than long (3,5—4 by 4,5—6
mm), obscurely wrinkled, with narrow but distinct wings. Embryo 3—3,5 mm
long; cotyledons entire, broader than long.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
135. D. marginata (Bert. et Dcne) Hook. et Arn. — JoHOw, Estud. 70
sub D. macrophylla; var. marginata Joh. ex REICHE, Flora de Chile V.5. —
Plate 18; Plate 20, fig. 11; text fig. 37 e—i, o.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 203
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra (BERTERO no. 1601!), on the north-
east precipice of Co Pirdmide, rock ledge, c. 625 m (fl.-fr. 3/12 16, no. 3). Most
likely the plants observed on the face of Co Damajuana, c. 530 m, and at the
back of Q. de la Choza, c. 450 m, in both places quite out of reach, belonged
to this species.
JOHOW wanted to explain DY. marginata as a local form of macrophylla,
due to external conditions. Both, however, grow in the same place and do not
Fig. 37. Achenes (a—l) and embryos (m—p) of Dendroseris subgen. Eudendroseris. a D. ma-
crophylla, two achenes from the side; b—d PD. macrantha: b marginal achene, ventral view,
e—d central achenes, side view; e—i D. marginata: e—f marginal achenes, e ventral and
f lateral view; g—i central achenes, g—h lateral, i ventral view; k—1 D. “toralis: k central
achene, lateral view and 1 marginal achenes, dorsal view. m embryos of D. macrophylla, n of
D. macrantha, 0 of D. marginata and p of D. litoralis. — All X 5.
only differ in the leaves. BERTERO’s specimens were sterile, but another
collector, not quoted until now, found the inflorescence (in fruit). A specimen
in Herb. Kew labelled »Rea longifolia Phil., Reed oct. 1872», consists of a leaf
of D. micrantha and a piece of an old inflorescence of D. marginata.
The leaves are coriaceous, broad ovate with rounded or acuminate tip and
cordate base. They are quite entire, but the edge shows scattered warts,
visible on the leaf near the rock in plate 18. The petiole is broadly alate.
The upper leaves are sessile as in the former. The (hitherto undescribed)
204 CARL SKOTTSBERG
inflorescence is rather large, more condensed, with numerous heads; these are
smaller than in the former and the involucre much more urceolate. The open
head in full bloom measures 3,5; cm across; it only contains about 50 florets.
The corolla attains a length of 40—42 mm; the whitish tube is soft papillose
in the middle part, the deep orange coloured ligule is 3 —3,5 mm across. Anthers
dark lilac brown with tails considerably longer than the gland of the filament.
Style yellowish white below, upwards covered with brown papillae, also on the
back and sides of the branches, while their upper surface is clothed with low,
light yellow stigma papillae. Branches of the style 4,5 mm long. Achenes
larger than in any other species, 7 or even 8 mm, brown, thick, with longitudinal
furrows; marginal ones curved with distinct lateral wings and a ventral keel,
the others with thick dorsal and ventral wings. Embryo very large, 5—6 mm
long, with entire, orbicular cotyledons. Pappus turning dark rufous with age.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
*136. D. litoralis nov. spec. — Syn. D. macrophylla Joh. ex p. — Plate
19; plate 20, fig. 12; text fig. 37 k—l, p.
Arbuscula I,5;—2 m alta habitu praecedentis sed truncus primarius crassior.
Folia ad apicem ramorum pauca dense rosulata; lamina obscure viridis sub-
elaucescens subtus pallidior, coriacea-carnosula, valde nervosa nervis crassis
albidis, late ovata, obtusa, cordata, margine laevi + undulato, ad 25 cm longa
et 18 cm lata; petiolus sectione triangularis crassus inferne saltem canaliculatus
et marginatus, ad 12 cm longus. Inflorescentia terminalis late paniculata mul-
ticeps, foliosa foliis sessilibus amplexicaulibus. Pedunculi 2—4 cm longi. Capi-
tula magna, florida ad 5 cm diam. Involucrum campanato-urceolatum, squamais
externis viridi-glaucis ovato-triangulatis acutis, interioribus linearibus subhyalinis
penicillatis. Receptaculum fibrillis laceratis usque ad 1 cm longis munitum.
Flores numerosi certe ad 100; corolla ad 35nim longa, tubo angusto albido basi
excepta molliter papilloso, ligula crocea 3—3,; mm lata stylo aequilonga vel
brevior. Autherae dilute flavae, caudae glandula paulo longiores. Stylus flave-
scens viridi-papillosus, ramis ad 4 mm longis. Achaenia sordide straminea, illa
florum marginalium lateribus alatis ventroque carinato, cetera tenuia lateraliter
valde compressa, 5—6 mm longa, basi valde angusta, sat late alata, alis dense
ac longitudinaliter striatis. Embryo 3,;—4 mm longus, cotyledonibus integris
suborbiculatis radicula paulo longioribus. Pappus sordide stramineus.
Morro Vinillo, a small rock off the south coast of Masatierra (P. ARRE-
DONDO a. o.); cultivated specimens, raised from seeds gathered in Vinillo seen
in some of the gardens in Masatierra (plate 19).
Santa Clara: Crevices in the coast cliffs of the main island, and on
Morro de los Alelies (fl-fr. ?°/: 17, no. 342). Also observed by JOHOW.
Very near D. marginata, but distinct. The leaves are thicker, with smooth
edge, the heads larger with twice as many flowers, the anthers and style yellow,
the tails of the anthers shorter. The achenes are very different and the embryo
considerably smaller. These achenes are mature, for I have raised numerous
specimens from the portion collected by me in Santa Clara as well as from
others of absolutely identical appearance gathered in the garden of ARREDONDO,
who introduced the species from Morro Vinillo. My plants are all of the same
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS
205
type and agree perfectly well with the herbarium specimens as to the leaves.
They are 3—4 years old but have not yet flowered.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Santa Clara and Morro Vinillo.
137. D. pinnata (Bert. et Dene) Hook. et Arn. — JoHoOw, Estud. 71.
Masatierra: On the higher ridges, at the limit of the forest, among shrubs
and small trees, not uncommon. — Between Q. Laura and Q. de la Piedra
Agujereada, c. 600 m, large trees; El] Pangal, west branch, c. 400 m, and on
the narrow crest above Pangal, c. 800 m; north face of Co Damajuana, ;00—
530 m; V. Colonial, C. Central (JoHOW), solitary in the forest down to 350 m;
Portezuelo de Villagra (JOHOW), scattered on both sides, 5—600 m, one
specimen (no. 1235) growing on Blechnum cycadifolmm:; C. Salsipuedes (JOHOW),
600 —750 m, scattered in the shrubberies (beg. fl. °/12 16, no. 79 — one single tree,
all others sterile); QO. de los Helechos, on Dicksonia; between Q. Salsipuedes
and Pto Ingles; Pto Ingles, central ridge c. 470 m.
var. insignis Bert. ms., Johow. — Syn. Rea Bertertana Decne. — Masa-
tierra: ©. de la Piedra Agujereada, in wet forest c. 600 m; in the gap between
Damajuana and Yunque, c. 580 m, in the humid forest, no. 164 (BERTERO no.
1505! [type] labelled »El Yunque Majo 18302; the Kew sheet consists of two
leaves and one [complete??| inflorescence, the latter very small).
Regarding D. Bertertana (insignis), the material collected hitherto is very
scarce. BERTERO alone has found the flowers, and very late in the season
(May). The very few plants seen by us suggested a pzunata-form of extreme
shade and moisture. A seedling, quite like that of typical pzmnata, was found
with them. The primary leaves are simple but denticulate and reniform.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
#138. D. regia nov. spec. — Plate 17, fig. 2; text fig. 38.
Phoenicoseris D. finnatae affinis. Truncus simplex rec-
tus ad 180 cm altus et 13 cm diam. visus, cicatricibus foliorum
manifeste notatus, apice rosulam giganteam foliorum circ. 30 cm
altam et 1 m latam gerens. Folia plantae juvenilis maxima,
ad 150 cm longa et 57 cm lata a me visa, plantae adultae minora,
30—65 cm longa. Lamina crassiuscula, 3—6-pinnata, ambitu
late vel latissime ovata, discolor subtus glaucescens, 24— 36 cm
longa et 16—31 cm lata, praecipue subtus secus nervos = ir-
regulariter pulverulento-pubescens mox glabra; pinnae laterales
sinuato-dentatae, versus basin irregulariter et profunde dentato-
laciniatae, flabellatim nervosae; terminalis triangulato-semiorbi-
cularis basi totam latitudinem folii fere occupans, plicata, + pro-
funde divisa et margine irregulariter dentata, pedato-nervosa;
pinnae haud raro valde approximatae sese tegentes; petiolus
ad 20 cm longus, crasse carnosus, inferne auriculis membra-
naceis pulchre reticulato venosis, versus basin angustatis, apice
rotundatis et approximatis, 6—11 cm longis et 0,s—2,5 cm
latis ornatus. Cetera ignota.
LA SM ‘
Awan’,
$izia\e
| ae <i
mK | | 2 \)
\S FE
ee Wy
Y t ~
|
yi Y
Fig. 38. Dendro-
seris regia, base oi
leaf showing auric-
les. 4/2 nat. size.
206 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Masafuera: on the high ridges and in the alpine region, scattered and
often associated with ferns. — Edge of western precipice above Buque Varado,
c. 1250 m; Las Torres, 1370 m, rare; near the Correspondencia Camp 850—
1130 m, stray specimens (no. 570); C. Atravesado, c. 1300 m, rare; C. del Barril,
925 m, many specimens on the steep slope of the Vacas gorge; east slope of
Los Inocentes, 740—950, also observed growing on Dzucksonza.
A most noticeable plant, the second species of the hitherto monotypic
subgen. Phoenicoseris, not so tall as fzmnata, but more robust than this and
with different leaves. In a way these resemble the leaves of var. zusiguis, as
the pinnae lack the basal segment characteristic of fzzzata proper, but otherwise
they are, of course, easy to distinguish from the variety and are known by
their size, laciniated margins and auricles. Unfortunately, not a single specimen
flowered or was going to bloom, and not one dead tree with an old inflore-
scence was ever seen, so that the species cannot have flowered recently. The
seedling has simple, cordate-reniform leaves, just as in D. pznata.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
139. D. neriifolia (Dcne) Hook. et Arn. -— JoHOW, Estud. 60.
Masatierra: BERTERO no. 1499! Herb. Kew; leg. 1830, mart. flor.; val-
leys between Pto Frances and El Pangal, especially south of El Rabanal
(JoHow!). |
According to JOHOW this occurs »con bastante frecuencia» south of Raba-
nal. Much to our regret we never found it, in spite of a regular hunt in all
directions over the tract indicated by JOHOW; undoubtedly it is very local and
JonHow had good luck when he discovered it. We saw nothing but D. mzcrantha
in these parts; it occurs here below the forest line in a stunted, narrow-leaved
form, sometimes recalling erzzfo/ia, but the leaves are thinner and the venation
is different. The head is of about the same appearance in both, but with very
few (7—8) scales in xerzzfolia. The flowers are very much the same.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
140. D. micrantha (Bert. et Dene) Hook. et Arn. — JOHOw, Estud. 68.
— Fig. 39 a—c.
Masatierra: Common in the east and central parts, from Pto Frances to
Co Chumacera, in forests and thickets, especially higher up on the slopes of
the valleys and on the dividing ridges, 400—600 m; also in the denser forests
on steep slopes, but never seen in the high forest along the bottom of the
valleys. In the eastern section, from Pto Frances to Pangal, it forms a conspi-
cuous feature in the shubberies below the lower limit of the woods, where also
the maqui is common. Here the trees are smaller, the leaves smaller and
more firm and their edge generally quite entire; the inflorescence too, is smaller,
but otherwise there seems to be no material difference, so I think we may
explain this lowland form as a local adaption to the dry, sunny stations. —
Smiall!*buds */, 17j;Hnos1r2363 ofl Ye ea7inos56750 fr 8/5217; mom 5Bina ae
n6}9T23 7,078 Jat 7 ono. 618:
The head is about 9 mm high and 10 mm across, the funnel-shaped in-
volucre 5 mm high and 4 mm across, composed of c. 11 scales. The flower
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 207
number 25, more or less. The corolla is 7 mm long with comparatively short
and broad ligule, abruptly contracted into the narrow tube. The broad, sessile,
auriculate bracts are not caducous as in the next species but remain during
the time of flower.
D. micrantha as is the largest of the genus, a middle-sized tree with a well
developed main trunk 2—3 dm thick.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra.
141. D. pruinata (Joh.) Skottsb. — D. micrantha var. pruinata, JOHOW,
Estud. 68. —- Fig. 39 d—f.
D. micranthae arcte affinis sed multis notis dispar. Arbor pumila rarius
ultra bi- vel trimetralis, parce subdichotome ramosa. Folia sessilia amplexicaulia,
oblanceolata, obtusiuscula, integerrima, subcoriacea, subtus ut cortex pedicellique
pruinata. Panicula sat parva et cum illa praecedentis comparata paucicapitata,
bracteis magnis auriculatis mox caducis. Capitula quam in D. micrantha con-
spicue majora, ad 14 mm lata et alta; involucrum campanulatum, 10 mm altum
et medio 7 mm latum dein leviter constrictum, pruinatum, squamis circ. 14,
carnosis apice puberulis. Flores circ. 75, lactei. Corolla 11 mm longa, ligula
6 X 3,5 mm; stamina lutea; stylus albidus ramis viridescentibus applanatis.
Achaenia obovata 2,5 mm longa, glabra, vage costata nec non transverse rugosa,
pappo 2—2,5 mm longo. Floret mense Januario.
Masatierra: In the dry barren coastal region, scattered; seen by us only
on the south side of the island. — C. Salsipuedes (JoHOw); Pta San Carlos
(JoHow); Pto Ingles, coast rocks (JOHOW); between the foot of Co Yunque and
Villagra, fine specimens in the ravines opening into the sea (fl. 4/1 17, no. 232);
B. Chupones, coast rocks.
Santa Clara: Ravines of the coast cliff; Morro de los Alelies (fr. *°/1 17).
Also observed by JOHOW.
It is evident that the »micrantha» from the sea coast is different from the
ordinary one, and at first JoHOW was inclined to regard it as a species. But
as he found that plants of both, cultivated in Santiago, were too like each
other, he gave up this idea and wanted to explain the special characters of
pruinata as resulting from external conditions. It must not be forgotten that
almost sessile leaves, more or less coated with wax, occur in young mzcrantha
in open stations, and it is true that by the characters of the leaf D. pruinata
is well adapted to the conditions prevailing on the sea coast, but there are
differences not readily explained in this manner. LD. pruznata bore flowers in
December—January, even in places facing S., while not a single specimen of
micrantha, even in the most favorable northerly exposition, flowered before the
end of February. Further, the head is much larger, the flowers much more
numerous, the bracts caducous etc. The achenes are a trifle smaller in mzcrantha
and perhaps more regularly costate..
According to JoHow both forms were found growing together on Salsi-
puedes, and this, if correct, hardly speaks in favour of his opinion.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masatierra and Santa Clara.
208 CARL SKOTTSBERG
142. D. gigantea Joh., Estud. 69; SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 6. — Fig. 39 g—k.
Masafuera: On the walls of the canyons and on the slopes of the val-
leys, in the forest region, not uncommon. Q. Sanchez, 800—880 m, scattered;
Las Chozas, in the forest near the abandoned village, 650 m (no. 549); Q. del
Mono, c. 600 m; Q. de las Casas, on the canyon walls, generally out of reach
(JoHow; SKOTTSBERG 1908); Q. del Blindado, 370-460 m, on steep slopes
with Myrceugenia (fl. **/2 17, no. 436); Q. Inocentes, c. 500 m; Q. del Vara-
dero, not uncommon in the smaller branch and on the slopes higher up, 650 m.
Known before only from the Casas Valley, where JoHow obtained a few
pieces by aid of a gun; by throwing stones I got hold of some leaves in the
same place in 1908. It is, however, much more common in other stations and
much better developed.
LSE EDA Ty,
NIH
i WV
» Wey i
A Ee
iy 7 d
Fan
rif
sae
Fig. 39. a—c Dendroseris micrantha: a head, X 1%/s, b scales, K 17/s, ¢€ floret ase ze )e
d—f D. pruinata: a head, X 1'/s, e scales, X 1 1/s, f floret, X 31/2. g—k D. gigantea: g head,
X 14s, h floret, x 34/s, i lobe of ligule, X 24, k unripe achene, X 67/s.
Larger than most of its congeners, reaching a height of 8—1o m; the
thickest stem measured was 28,5; cm in diameter 1 m above the ground. The
leaves not rarely attain !/2 m, those of young trees which have not yet flowered
reaching enormous dimensions (largest measured 85 cm long, including the
4 cm long petiole, and 26 cm broad). Only old dry pieces of the inflorescence
were known before. The panicles are broad ovoid and over I m high, and
contain many thousand heads. The branches of the first and second order are
supported by subsessile, ovate acuminate foliaceous bracts; those of the last
order are more rigid than the others, 4—6 cm long, and exit under an angle
of 45 to 60°; they bear a pseudo-corymb of 10 to 20 heads, each supported
by a bract. The pedicels are short, with 1—3 small bracteoles. Head narrow
campanulate, 12—13 mm long and about 8 mm across; involucre green and
purple, 9—10 mm high, 4—5 mm wide above the funnel-shaped base, composed
of c. 13 scales, the outer linear-triangulate with pubescent tip, the inner almost
linear, 8 mm long. Flowers about 25; corolla 10 mm long, creamy white,
purplish when old; ligule split almost to its base into five narrow segments
with convolute, slightly penicillate tips; stamens yellow; style hardly darker
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 200
than the stamens, less exserted than in other species. Pappus very long, 6—7 mm,
white, later rufescent. Ovary pauci-costate; ripe achenes not seen,
While the vegetative organs seem to indicate a close affinity between
D. gigantea and LD. micrantha, the flowers show that the former occupies a
rather independent position in the subgenus (ea: in fact, it differs so much
from the other species, not only of this subgenus, but of the genus as a whole,
that it well deserves to from a special section. The corolla is peculiar, and
the pappus longer than in other species. The seedling, too, is remarkable, for
the leaves are deeply incised, recalling those of the common oak.
Area of distribution: Endemic in Masafuera.
Addendum.
Since my description of Euphrasia formosissima was printed, Professor
R. WETTSTEIN kindly sent me the following remarks on this species:
»kuphrasia formosissima ist eine sehr auffallende und leicht kenntliche
Art; sie unterscheidet sich von allen andern Arten schon auf den ersten Blick
durch den kraftigen Wuchs, die tippige Beblatterung und die starke Ver-
zweigung.
Sie steht der siidamerikanischen Section 77zfidae Benth. sehr ferne und
gehort zweifellos der Section Aweuphrasza Wettst. an, welche die europaischen,
asiatischen, nordamerikanischen, australischen und neuseelandischen Arten der
Gattung, ferner £. grandifiora Hochst.. auf den Azoren umfasst. (Vergl. R.
WETTSTEIN, Monographie der Gattung Euphrasia, 1896.)
Die Arten der Section Lueuphrasza wurden bisher auf die beiden Subsec-
tionen Semzcalcaratae Benth. und Azstrales Benth. verteilt, von denen die ers-
tere die nordlich-extropischen Arten und /£. grandiflora umschliesst, wahrend
der letzteren die in Australien und Neuseeland vorkommenden Arten angehoren.
Die beiden Subsectionen lassen sich im Allgemeinen gut trennen, wenn auch
Beziehungen zwischen einzelnen Arten der beiden Gruppen bestehen. So zeigt
£. insignis Wettst. (Monogr. S. 246) aus Japan, welche zur Subsectio Semz-
calcaratae gehort, nicht zu verkennende Beziehungen zur neuseelandischen /.
cuneata Forst. aus der Subsectio Australes. In neuerer Zeit sind aus Japan
mehrere Arten der Subsect. Semzcalcaratae bekannt geworden, welche eine
ahnliche Stellung wie /. zvs¢guzs einnehmen, so z. B. &. Matsamurae Nakai
(in Fedde Repert. Spec. nov. fasc. XI p. 33, 1912) und (nach der Beschreibung)
wohl auch “/. Yabeana Nakai (I. c.) und £. nxummularta Nakai (l. c. p. 34).
Its scheint also in Japan eine reicher gegliederte Artengruppe zu existieren,
welche zur Subsectio Amstrales hinneigt.
Dieser japanischen Gruppe von Zwischenformen zwischen den Arten der
Subsectio Semzcalcaratae und denen der Subsectio Amséra/es reiht sich nun in
sehr bemerkenswerter Art £. formostssima an. Sie steht einerseits der japa-
nischen /. zzszenzs Wettst., andererseits der neuseelandischen /. cuncata Forst.
relativ am Nachsten.
14 — 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol, II.
210 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Von &. insignis ist sie verschieden durch den kraftigen Wuchs, die stum-
pfen und stumpfzahnigen, am Grunde weniger verschmalerten Blatter und Brac-
teen, durch die gréssere Zahl der Blattzahne, durch die kiirzeren und stumpfen
Kelchzihne, die abgerundeten Kelchbuchten und die fast gleichlangen Spitzen
der Antherenhalften. — Von /. cuneata ist E£. formosissema starker verschieden,
besonders durch die sitzenden Bliiten und die breiteren, am Grunde nicht so
stark verschmalerten Blatter.
Es ist pflanzengeographisch und florengeschichtlich gewiss hochst beachtens-
wert, dass EZ. formosissima morphologisch zzcht den geographisch relativ nahen
siidamerikanischen Arten sich anschliesst, sondern die Verbindung zwischen
japanischen und neuseelandischen Formen herstellt.»
Some remarks on the composition and character of the
indigenous flora.
My list contains 142 species considered to be indigenous in Juan Fernandez.
Some are questionable in this respect; but, on the other hand, a few of those
enumerated below as introduced might, perhaps, equally well be classed as
members of the wild flora.
There are 40 natural orders (families) and 81 genera represented; the
relation between genera and species is I:1,75, a proportion to be expected in
a remote insular flora, all the same if we regard it as a remnant of an old
flora or brought into existence by oceasional transoceanic migrations.
Of the species known before to occur in the islands seven have not been
found again by us, viz. Podophorus bromoides, Trisetum chromostachyum, Cyperus
reflexus, Urtica Masafuerae, Phrygilanthus Berterot, Cardamine chenopodifolta
and Dendroserts nertifolia. In the case of Urtica and Cardamine, the season
was not the proper one. On the other hand, our survey has revealed the
existence in the islands of many species not found before. In 1908, 10 were
added, and here 31 more are listed, so that the total increase amounts to about
40%. It is greater still if we compare with JOHOW’s flora, as a few older spe-
cies have been taken up again by the writer (Wahlenbergia, Dendroseris).
Some species classified as indigenous by JOHOW (some, however, with hesita-
tion) were transferred to the introduced ones.
A great deficiency in the older floras was the scarcity of exact localities.
As the physical conditions are so different in different parts of these islands,
in spite of their small size, it is of course quite necessary to register the stations
of all the plants; further, only in this way we get an idea of the frequency of
the different species. We have done our best to supply this need.
Above, 24 species and one subspecies were described as new, or were
established by other authors from my material (Uxcenza costata Kilkenth., Agrostzs
masafuerana Pilger, Bromus masafueranus Skottsb. et Pilger).
Only five of the new species were described from Masatierra (one, Dendro-
serts litoralis, also occurring in Santa Clara), the remainder all came from Masa-
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS lp Me:
fuera. As was foreseen, not many species in Masatierra expected their discovery:
two were added in 1908 and six more in I916—17, not counting such as were
known before but have obtained their proper position in this paper (Gredgza
Berterot, Halorrhagts masatierrana, Dendroseris pruinata). The meagre flora
of Santa Clara was enriched by one species only (Plantago *Skottsbergii). But
my high expectations as to Masafuera were quite fulfilled. Of the 72 species
now recorded from this island, 8 were discovered in 1908 and 28 in 1916—17,
which means an increase of 100%. The high mountains yielded many new
and interesting things. I do not flatter myself that we have come across
everything, even if I am confident that future explorations will not alter the
present picture of the flora very much.
In this place I wish to draw attention to certain gaps in our knowledge
of some interesting plants. Of Grezgia Lerteroi flower and fruit are unknown;
Centaurodendron has only been found with a few old achenes, and it is of
considerable importance that the flowers be found. The earlier floral stages of
the Gunznera hybrids are not known. Further, nobody has seen the male flowers
of Robinsonia macrocephala, and our knowledge of the flowers of Dendroseris
neriifolta and LD. pinnata var. imsignis is too imperfect. All these species belong
to Masatierra. Of the new species from Masafuera, Berbers masafuerana and
Dendroseris regia were described from sterile specimens, and Ranunculus capra-
rum and Fagara externa have only been found with fruit.
The distribution of the phanerogams within the Juan Fernandez group is
made clear in the table below. ©
: Tacs eal a —ay ee a 5 ao ee
Masatierra | Santa Clara} Masafuera | 2 Higa oe fe wes
an = SS = wows ORwv VDHAw SS
is) FT| ge) 23 |8s23/8820
is = ccs elses | ass 5 SI aC ai) aces
Pay =O =) wo | = we = See tty] = as
fo) = fo) a Se eo aie sa |SUSaisuse
< S fe fam} Ba pea eat
ey ° EA ° Fy .4| 48 S aS | SS ec
O S) O Pt On tee
O64 ie Ost hae 9 72) 45 { 23
Pe Olsthe) OLA» .aeecey- 45 % 0,7 % Be | 28% | | 218% 16%
We learn from these figures that there is a considerable difference between
the islands. Of 142 species, only 27, or 19%, are common to Masatierra and
Masafuera. The more fertile valleys of the former offer better conditions to a
forest flora, while the alpine species of the latter are wanting: Masatierra is
c. 950, Masafuera c. 1500 m high. The poorness of the flora of Santa Clara
no doubt results from very unfavorable climatic conditions; we must not forget
that also the western part of Masatierra is very poor in species compared with
the central and eastern parts.
The Juan Fernandez Islands are famous for their numerous and peculiar
endemic types. Of the genera, 81 in number, only IO are endemic, but, with
the exception of Ochagavza, all of them are strongly marked; Lactorzs is the
type of a separate order, and all the others occupy a very independent position
and have no very near relatives. Further, the species of Bromus (formerly
known as Megalachne) and Aryngizum (once described under the name Lessonia)
form separate sections. Of 142 species not less than 98 or 69 % are endemic;
212 CARL SKOTTSBERG
I have counted the subspecies Lusula *znsularzs, Margyricarpus *digynus, Dysop-
sis *hirsuta and Plantago *Skottsbergu among the species, while the less marked
endemic forms or varieties of some species were left out of consideration.
The endemism in the different islands is illustrated below.
|
Masatierra ; Santa Clara| Masafuera | 9 Pete | oes
= ee = | Sw oe VDAw &
ao S is Sieg lis Sl Oy Da tact iret
Oo = 5) cs o a SHeal| as 20
S = xd = os S Se Qa eet ss
orp) oe | Se 0 See es Se ae
= Cc o ) C4 ° = Weseseee | Sa =
O O O nde mtn Ss) Se
Number of end. spec.. .| 65 49 6 I 44 32 I 4 II
% of all J. F. endemics 50% 1% 33% | 1% 4% 11%
% of the flora of the island
IO PQHESEOM gia 7y oda po 508 Yo 66% 61%
As seen above, 50 % of the endemic species are found only in Masatierra, 33 %
only in Masafuera, and 1% (Chenopodium Sanctae Clarae) only in Santa Clara;
only 12 species (12%) are common to Masatierra and Masafuera. Thus, the
floristic difference between the islands appears still more pronounced when it
comes to the endemic species. And it may be added that of the 10 endemic
genera 8 are found exclusively in Masatierra and 2 in both islands, so that
Masafuera does not possess any special endemic genus. These questions will
be dealt with further in another paper.
Finally, I wish to draw attention to the fact that so many of the endemic
types are very scarce; I am sure that all the existing specimens of some of
the rarest plants may be counted without much labour. Of species from Masa-
tierra, Podophorus bromoides and Phrygilanthus Bertcrot have not been found’
by later collectors and no exact locality is known. Grezgza Lerterot, Cheno-
podium Crusoeanum, Eryngium inaccessum, £. fernandestanum and Dendroseris
macrantha were reported from one locality each: of the latter two only 2 speci-
mens could be found, and all are very scarce. Other very rare plants are
Peperomia margaritifera, Selkirkia, Planiago fernandezia, Robinsonia thurifera
and Centaurodendron. One or more of these will probably share the fate of
Santalum fernandezianum, which seems to be extinct. In one or two cases
I could not secure as much material as I wanted for fear of destroying the
species altogether.
At present the wild flora is more or less protected, as cutting of wood
for fuel is very limited and the supply mainly filled by the worst enemy of the
wild flora, <Avzstotelia maqui; still, the consumption is far from sufficient to
check the progress of the latter. To judge from Chilean newspapers, a new
peril now seems to be imminent. It is reported that Masatierra will become
converted into a pleasure resort with large hotels etc. Fortunately enough,
there is no good bathing beach, and much money is needed to build roads
comfortable enough for the average tourist, so that there is some hope that
little will be done during the present financial crisis.
In Masafuera, also some species seem to be rare. Peperomia Skotisbergit,
Ranunculus caprarum and Cardamine Kriisselii were found in one locality each;
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 213
Chenopodium nesodendron, Robinsonia Masafuerae and Dendroseris regia are
very scarce, and their recovery is checked by the too numerous wild goats.
Many of the non-endemic species are also rare. Since this island was abandoned
by the penal settlement in 1914, it has remained uninhabited. Fortunately
enough, the landing difficulties are very great.
The preservation of the original nature in these islands is a question of
general importance to the scientific world and ought to be a matter of honour
with the Chilean nation. However, many Chileans, in spite of their ardent
love for their country, do not understand the necessity of the modern nature-
protecting movement. In the case of Juan Fernandez, the matter, often so
complicated, is much simplified, for no conflict is likely to arise between the
»unpractical idealists» and the men of industry and business. It will be
generally admitted that little or nothing is gained by destroying the primeval
vegetation in these islands. The source of income is not agriculture but
fishing, and the fishing colony will thrive even if the terrestrial fauna and flora
are protected. It is true that the presence of human dwellings is undesirable,
but as it is now, colonisation is limited to one valley and cannot be expected
to extend much more. Certainly we cannot very well propose to remove the
inhabitants.
Regarding the present international relations and other unfavorable cir-
cumstances it is probably hopeless to ask the leading scientific circles of the
world to join in an action for the protection of Juan Fernandez. This is very
unfortunate, for I hardly think the Chilean Government would meet an applica-
tion from such institutions with complete refusal.’
My program is summarized as follows.
Protection of animal and plant life; licence to collect scientific specimens
may be obtained from the Chilean Government on the recommendation of
Museo Nacional in Santiago. — The rights of the colonists should be regulated
and the regulations enforced. — All arrangements likely to direct a tourist
traffic to the islands should be prohibited. — A Government representative with
sufficient scientific training should be appointed as supervisor and provided
with suitable means to fight the maqui and other noxious weeds. — The
actual prohibition to kill the wild goats should be rescinded (or suspended
for some years only, if it be found desirable to preserve a small stock of
these animals, introduced several centuries ago and offering some historic
interest). Further, the_ following additional measures should be taken regarding
Masafuera:
Prohibition to erect permanent settlements. — The stock of goats should
be cut down and not allowed to increase again, or destroyed altogether (in order
to supply fresh meat in case of emergency, some other less harmful animal
might be introduced).
1 Since this was written I have read in a German newspaper that the Chilean Government
proposes to convert the islands into a »national park». Let us hope that the newspaper in
question speaks true!
204 CARL SKOTTSBERG
ll. Introduced species.
Everybody knows that it is often hard to tell if a certain species is
indigenous or not in a certain place. Many circumstances have to be considered;
still there are instances where a definite result cannot be obtained. In Masa-
tierra large pieces of ground have become spoilt by man during the last three
hundred years. It seems probable that species, even if they are true members
of the Chilean flora, that only inhabit such parts or have been found only in
places often visited by the inhabitants, should by classed as introduced. On
the other hand, wide-spread species not belonging to the anthropochorous
assemblage may be regarded as truly indigenous also in Juan Fernandez and
were listed among the wild species in this paper. If we can rely upon the
older accounts of the vegetation of Masafuera, also this island was more densely
wooded in bygone times, and the removal of the forest opened a vast field
for all sorts of immigrants.
Nearly all the species enumerated below were introduced unintentionally.
A few useful plants brought on purpose and which have run wild, were
also included.
1. Paspalum distichum L. — JoHow, Estud. 133. — Syn. P. fernande-
stanum Colla. — Masatierra: BERTERO. — Pto Frances, B. Cumberland, Pto
Ingles (JoHOW). Not seen by us. — Also in Chile.
2. Setaria geniculata Roem. et Schult. — JOHOW I. c. 133. -— Masa-
tierra: B. Cumberland (JOHOW). Not seen by us. — Also in Chile.
3. Setaria imberbis Roem. et Schult. — Masatierra: DoUGLAS! —
V. Colonial (no. 17); Q. Juanango (no. 606). — Also in Chile.
4. Phalaris intermedia Bosc. — JoHOW |. c. 134. — Masatierra:
Pto Ingles (SKOTTSBERG 1908). — Also in Chile.
5. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. — JOHOwW |. c. 134. — Masatierra:
Rather common in the hasal region, frequent in the outer parts of the valleys
and extending up on the ridges (nos. 205, 246). Acc. to JoHOW probably
introduced during the last 50 years, as it is not in earlier collections. —
Masafuera: Very common, from the coast to the highest mountains, perhaps
the most abundant species in the island (no. 560). — Also in Chile.
6. Polypogon crinitus Trin. — JOHOW |. c. 136. — Wet places, not
uncommon. Masatierra: Pangal, wet moss mats in the waterfall (no. 225);
B. Cumberland (JOHOW), east side of V. Colonial (no. 207); Pto Ingles, wet
rocks near landing place (no. 326); Q. Juanango, in the stream; stream near
the foot of Co Negro. — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, common by the small
waterfalls in the gorge (no. 472); Q. Angosta and Q. del Varadero, in the
same kind of station; Playa Ancha, on the flat beach (no. 1185); Q. de la
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 215
Loberia, characteristic of the waterfalls (no. 495). Agrees very well with European
specimens, as shown by Fig. 1 k. — Also in Chile.
*7. Agrostis stolonifera L. — Masafuera: Q. Angosta, at the waterfall
in the gorge (no. 559). — Also in Chile?
8. Gastridium lendigerum (L.) Gaud. — SKOTTSBERG, Stud. 23. —
Masatierra: Douglas! — Common in Chile.
g. Aira caryophyllea L. — Jonow, Il. c. 137. -— Masatierra: Rather
common in the basal region, more so in the western part (JOHOW; SKOTTSB.
no. 31, 31 b). — Masafuera: GERMAIN; B. Toltén; Q. de las Casas (no. 1111). —
Also in Chile.
Io. Aira praecox L. — JoHow Il. c. 136. — Masatierra: MOSELEY.
*Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (no. 110). — Not in Chile acc. to JOHOW.
11. Avena barbata Brot. — dA. fursuta Roth, JoHow |. c. 138. —
Masatierra: Very common in the basal region, abundant in the dry western
parts (JOHOW; SKOTTSB. no. 130). — Santa Clara: JoHow; Morro de los
Alelies. — Masafuera: East coast (JoHow); B. Toltén. — Also in Chile.
12. Briza minor L. — JoHow ]. c. 138. — Masatierra: V. Colonial
(JoHow), hills west of B. Villagra (no. 256). — Also in Chile.
13. Poa annua L. — JonHow |. c. 138. — Masatierra: MOSELEY. —
*Masafuera: On the top of Los Inocentes, c. 1500 m (no. 303). — Also
in Chile.
*t4. Poa pratensis L. — Masafuera: In several places on the south
side, large tufts on the shore (no. 494). — Also in Chile.
15. Festuca dertonensis (All.) Aschers. et Graebn. — /. muralis Kth.,
JoHow |. c. 139. — Masatierra: B. Cumberland, not uncommon (nos. 107,
109, 147); Portezuelo de Villagra (no. 29); B. del Padre (JOHOw); scattered
from Villagra to Pta Larga (no. 248). — Also in Chile.
16. F. sciuroides Roth. — JoHow |. c. 139. — Masatierra: MOSELEY. —
Masatuera: in the higher parts (JOHOW). — Common in Chile.
17. Bromus unioloides Kth. — JoHow 1. c. 139. (&. cebadilla Steud.) —
Masatierra: B. Cumberland (JoHOW), on the cemetery (no. 182); Pto Ingles;
Q. Juanango (no. 607); B. del Padre (JoHow); Plan del Yunque; Villagra
(no. 237). — *Masafuera: B. Toltén (no. 467); Q. de las Casas (no. 445); on
the shore from Casas to Vacas; common in the Vacas canyon; Loberia Vieja;
near Las Chozas, c. 650 m (no. 1108), — Also in Chile. Prof. PILGER remarks
in a letter to the writer: » 2B. cebadilla Steud. ist eine Form von B. unioloides,
bei der die Behaarung der unteren Scheiden dicht und weich ist (STEUDEL:
vaginis inferioribus dense retrorsum villoso-tomentosis). Diese Form ist in
Chile verbreitet».
216 CARL SKOTTSBERG
18. Lolium multiflorum Poir. — JoHow |. c. 140. — Masatierra:
B. Cumberland (JoHow); in the colony (no. 177); Pto Ingles; Plan del Yunque;
B. Villagra, not uncommon (no. 249). — *Masafuera: Loberia Vieja. —
Common in Chile.
19. Hordeum murinum L. — JoHow |. c. 141. — Masatierra:
DouGLas! V. Colonial (JoHow, Skorrss.); Q. Juanango; B. del Padre
(Jouow, Skorrss.); Plan del Yunque; Villagra (no. 236). — Santa Clara
(Jonow, Skorrss.). — Masafuera: coast and mountains (JOHOW, SKOTYTSB.
no. 492). — Also in Chile.
20. Hordeum nodosum L. — JOHOw |. c. 141. — Masatierra: CUMING,
JoHow. — Common in Chile.
*o1, Phrygilanthus tetrandrus (Ruiz et Pav.) Eichl. — Masatierra:
Unintentionally introduced into a garden together with plants of Olea europaea.
(fl. 28/4 17, no. 626). — Common in Chile.
22. Rumex crispus L. — JoHow |. c. 121. — Masatierra: V. Colonial
(Jonow, SKOTYSB. no. 204); Pto Ingles; Q. Juanango; B. del Padre (JoHow,
Sxorrss.); Villagra. — Santa Clara (JoHOW, SKOTTSB.). — Masafuera:
B. Toltén; Q. de las Casas (JoHOW, SKOTTSB.). — Also in Chile.
23. Rumex conglomeratus Murr. — Skorrsp. Stud. 19. — *Masatierra:
El Pangal (no. 223); V. Colonial (no. 1205); Q. Juanango. — Masafuera: Q.
de las Casas (no. 455); Loberia Vieja, abundant. — Also in Chile? .
24. Rumex pulcher L. — JoHow |. c. 121. — Masatierra: V. Colonial
(no. 20); Pto Ingles, common; south-west part (JOHOW, SkoTTSB.). — Santa
Clara: JoHow, Skorrssp. — Masafuera: Hills north of Casas (JOHOW); Q.
de las Casas, abundant near entrance; Q. de la Loberia, forest, 175 m. —
Also in Chile.
25. Rumex acetosella L. — Jonuow |. c. 121. — Masatierra: Very
abundant in the barren parts, also seen on some of the high ridges. JOHOW,
SKOTTSB. no. 184. — Masafuera: Very abundant on the upper plains and
hills (JoHOw, SKOTTSB.), frequent in the alpine region f. i. on Las Torres,
1370 m. — Also in Chile.
26. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx var. wgatum (Cham. et
Schlecht.) Meisn. — JoHow |. c. 120. — Masatierra: JOHOW; small stream
below the chapel hill (no. 124). — Common in South Chile.
27. Polygonum aviculare L. — JoHOow Il. c. 120. — Masatierra: V.
Colonial (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 209). — Common in Chile.
28. Chenopodium murale L. — JoHow lI. c. 118. — Masatierra: Pto
Frances (JoHOw); B. Cumberland (Jonow, SkoTrss. no. 286); Pto Ingles; B.
del Padre (nos. 287, 288). — Santa Clara: JoHOWw, SKOTTSB. no. 348. —
Masafuera: (JOHOW); B. Toltén. — Also in Chile.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF ‘THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 217
29. Chenopodium multifidum L. — RXoudizeva, JoOHOW |. c. 119. -
Masatierra: BERTERO; V. Colonial (JOHOW; SKOTYSB. no. 208); B. del Padre,
especially on El Puente (no. 294). — Masafuera: scattered along the coast
rocks, B. Toitén, Q. del Pasto, Q. de las Casas (JoHow), Playa Ancha, Loberia
Vieja. — Also in Chile.
30. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. — Listed for Juan Fernandez by
REICHE, Flora de Chile VI:1. 150. — Masafuera: The colony in Q. de las
Casas (no. 361). — My specimens belong to Ch. chilense Schrad. as described
by REICHE |. c., a more hairy form than amdrostotdes. I have compared with
the material in Herb. Kew, which shows considerable variation in this respect;
there are specimens from Australia, that should be brought to chdlense.
*31. Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd. — Masatierra: V. Colonial
(no. 355). — Not quoted from Chile.
*32. Amaranthus deflexus L. — Masatierra, on roads in the colony
(no. 145). — Also in Chile.
33. Monocosmia monandra (Ruiz et Pav.) Pax. — JOHOW l. c. 116. —
Masafuera: GERMAIN 1854. Never found again. — Not rare in waste places
in Chile.
34. Stellaria media (L.) Cyr. — JoHow |. c. 117. — Masatierra: Pto
Frances (JoHow); B. Cumberland (MOSELEY, SkoTrss.). — Masafuera: forest
near Casas (JOHOW), in the canyon; Las Torres, 1370 m. — Common
in Chile.
35. Stellaria cuspidata Willd. — JoHow |. c. 117. — Masatierra:
El Rabanal (JOHOW). Also collected by BERTERO a. o.; B. indicated this as
found in the moist woods of the higher mountains, but we have never seen a
trace of it, and JoHOW found it under circumstances that make it most probable
that it was introduced. — Chile.
36. Cerastium caespitosum Gilib. — C. vulgatum L., JoHow 1. c.
117? — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (JoHOW? SKOTTSB. no. 385); Las Torres,
1370 m. — Also in Chile.
#37, Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. — Masatierra: Portezuelo, below
the pass (no. 332). — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (no. 1207). —- Also in
Chile. — REICHE calls this C. vulgatum L.; thus it is possible that JoHOWw
meant this species and not the preceding.
38. Sagina chilensis Naud. — Jonow |. c. 117. — Masafuera: GERMAIN.
Never found again. — Centr. Chile.
39. Silene gallica L. — Jonow |. c. 116. — Masatierra: V. Colonial
(JoHow, Skorrss.); Pto Ingles; west part (JoHOW). — Santa Clara: JoHow,
SKOTTSB. — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (JoHow); B. Toltén. — Also
in Chile.
218 CARL SKOTTSBERG
4o. Anemone decapetala L. — JoHoOw l. c. 113. — Masatierra: REED
acc. to JoHow. Never found again. — Widespread in Chile.
41. Ranunculus muricatus L. — JoHow l. c. 113. — Masatierra:
DOUGLAS etc.; V. Colonial (no. 117); B. Villagra. — Also in Chile.
42. Lardizabala biternata Ruiz et Pav. — Jonow |. c. 115. — Masa-
tierra: Plazoleta del Yunque (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 482 2). —, Occits sim
great quantity on a very small area, forming an entangled mass resting on
the trees and shrubs like a heavy net and almost killing them. It was first
recorded by JoHow who says it grows in the forest at the foot of the Yunque,
especially in the Plazoleta. As far as I have been able to ascertain, the latter
place is the only locality known to the inhabitants, and I think it is limited
to this spot. At first it appeared strange that a plant so admirably adopted
to the mild climate of Masatierra should not have spread through the forests,
but the explanation was soon found. The islanders are very familiar with the
edible fruit of this on the continent, and they told me that the plant never
produces any fruit in Juan Fernandez. In the end of March I found the flowers:
all were female and not a single male one could be discovered; Lardizabala
is dioecious, and there are only female plants in the island. This makes
Jonow’s theory that it has been introduced quite probable, if on purpose or
not; the former possibility has to be considered, as A. VON RoprT planted
trees (Eucalypts etc.) on the Plazoleta. In any case, the Lardzzabala in
Masatierra comes from few seeds, all female (or perhaps from a single one?).
I hope that the male plant will never be introduced. — Chile.
43. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. — JoHow l. c. 110. — Masa-
tierra: B. Cumberland (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 203). — Common in Chile.
44. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. — JoHow 1. c. 109. — Masatierra:
B. Cumberland, »la maleza mas comun» (JOHOW). Seems to have disap-
peared. — Chile.
45. Brassica napus L. — Jonow |. c. 110. — Masatierra; E] Rabanal
(Jouow); B. del Padre (JoHow), common on the Puente (BACKSTROM no. 1210);
Villagra, Q. de la Chozas, wet rocks in the forest (no. 249) and a similar place
on the slope of Co Chumacera (no. 249 b)..— Santa Clara (JOHOW). —
*Masafuera: Loberia Vieja, abundant and of enormous size.
#46. Brassica rapa L. — Masatierra: B. del Padre (no, 1211).
47. Raphanus sativus L. — JoHow |. c. 110. — Masatierra: Has
almost disappeared since the visit of JOoHOW; seen by us only in B. del Padre. —
*Masafuera: ©. de las Casas, in the colony; Loberia Vieja.
*48. Nasturtium aquaticum (L.) Wg. — Masatierra: V. Colonial,
abundant in the streams (no. 156). Introduced on purpose; common in Chile.
*49. Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. — Masatierra: Intentionally intro-
duced; has run wild round B. del Padre, going very strong in the sand on the
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 219
Puente (no. 289); also Santa Clara (no. 1212) and Morro de los Alelies, which
derives its name from it. Possibly sown by the fishermen in all these places. —
Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, the colony.
50. Fragaria chilensis Ehrh. — Jonow Il. c. 92. — Masatierra: Mrs.
GRAHAM etc.; V. Colonial (JoHOW) and Villagra (JOHOW); found by us in
Portezuelo by the path (no. 10). — *Masafuera: in the interior of Q. de las
Casas. Introduced with the convicts in 1909; cultivated in the gardens of the
abandoned Chozas Village. — Chile.
51. Acaena argentea Ruiz et Pav. — JOHOW l. c. 92. — Masatierra:
One of the most widespread and noxious weeds, in the basal region and on
the ridges, covering the ground for large stretches (no. 113, 113 b, f. grandiceps
Bitter; mo. 113 c, 171, 1239). In Masatierra, it has hybridized with Margyrz-
carpus, see above p. 133. — *Masafuera: Las Chozas; Q, de las Casas, behind
the colony (no, 459, near f. plurtbracteata Bitter).
Professor BIrTER remarks to this species: »Sowohl bei Pflanzen von
Masatierra (Nr. 113, 113 c) als auch von Masafuera (Nr. 459) habe ich bis
6jochige Blatter angetroffen; die untersten Blattchen waren aber meist winzig,
schmal lineal, viel kleiner als die woh] ausgebildeten Nebenblatter. Die beiden
auf Juan Fernandez gefundenen Formen der A. argentea (f. grandiceps Bitt. in
Bibl. Bot. 74, S. 217 als var.) und f. pluwitbracteata (ibid. S. 216) weichen nur
wenig von den festlandischen Formen der in Chile weit verbreiteten Art ab,
wahrscheinlich gehen sie auch in einander tiber; ich habe jedoch vom Festland
weder so grossképfige noch mit so auffallig zu mehreren am Schaft verteilten
reducierten Blattern versehene Exemplare gesehen.»
52. Medicago sativa L. — JoHow |. c. 89. — Masatierra: Common
near the colony acc. to JOHOW; not seen by us. — *Masafuera: Q. de las
Casas, the abandoned settlement. — Common in Chile.
53. Medicago denticulata Willd. — JoHow |. c. 8g. — Masatierra:
DOUGLAS etc.; V. Colonial (no. 200); El Puente (no. 1213); Q. Juanango; B.
Chupones. — *Santa Clara. — *Masafuera: Las Casas, in the settlement. —
Also in Chile.
54. Medicago maculata Willd. — Jonow lI. c. 89. — Masatierra: B.
Cumberland (JoHow). — Also in Chile.
#25, Medicago lupulina L. — Masatierra: V. Colonial (no. 116). —
Also in Chile.
56. Melilotus indicus (L.) All. — JW. parviflorus Desf., JoHOW |. c.
89. — Masatierra: DouGLas etc.; V. Colonial (JoNuOW, SKOTTSB. no. 101);
B. del Padre and Puente (JOHOW, SKOTYTSB. no. 1214); Plan del Yunque, Co
Negro etc. — Santa Clara, common (JoHOW, SKoTTSB.). — *Masafuera:
Q. de las Casas, at the settlement; Loberia Vieja. — Also common in Chile.
37. Trifolium pratense L. — JoHow |. c. 88. — Masatierra: B. Cum-
berland (JoHow). — Escaped from cultivation. Also in Chile.
220 CARL SKOTTSBERG
#58. Trifolium repens L. — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas. — Also
in Chile.
59. Geranium core-core Steud. Flora XXXIX (1856) — ¢° G. pusillum,
Jonow |. c. 107. — Masatierra: BERTERO, MOSELEY; V. Colonial (no. 112);
Pto Ingles; Q. Juanango; Q. Villagra; B. Chupones. — In Herb. Kew, (col-
lected by MOSELEY) as G. ? patagonicum; HEMSLEY called it G. dtssectum in
Chall. Rep. It is neither of these. Unfortunately, I have not seen BERTERO’s
specimens, from which STEUDEL’s description was prepared; they came from
Central Chile and Juan Fernandez. My plants agree with the short descrip-
tion. KNUTH’s monograph in Pflanzenreich IV: 120 is, in this case, of little
or no use. It is not impossible that this Geranzum is indigenous in Masa-
tierra. A G. sp. (the same?) was found by us in Masafuera, but I have no
material of it.
60. Geranium robertianum L. — Jonow |. c. 107. — Masatierra:
MosELEY. — Also in Chile.
61. Erodium cicutarium (I..) L’Hérit. — JOoHow 1. c. 107. — Masa-
tierra: West part (JOHOW). — Santa Clara (JOHOW). — Masafuera (JOHOW). —
Common in Chile.
62. Oxalis laxa Hook. et Arn. var. micrantha (Bert.). — JOHOW I. c.
106. — Masatierra: Moist mountain wall in the forest of Q. de la Choza,
with some other weeds (no. 258). — Chile. — This is O. /axa, leg. MOSELEY,
Herb. Kew. JOHOW lists both Java (GERMAIN) and mzcrantha (BERTERO). —
Chile.
63. Oxalis corniculata L. — JoHow Il. c. 105. — *Masatierra: V.
Colonial (no. 119). — Masafuera: B. Toltén (no. 463); Q. de las Casas, common
(JoHow, SkoTTssB.). — Widespread in Chile.
64. Ruta chalepensis L. var. dracteosa (DC.) Engler. — JouHow Il. c.
104. — Masatierra: B. Cumberland, along the path to Pangal (no. 104; Pta
San Carlos (JoHOW); Tres Puntas (JoHow); Q. Juanango; B. del Padre
(JoHow). + Masafuera: the shore near Las Casas (JOHOW, SKOTTSB.). — In
Chile; probably intentionally introduced, as also in Juan Fernandez.
65. Euphorbia lathyris L. — Sxkorrss. Stud. 18. — Masatierra:
DouGLas! — Also in Chile.
“66. Euphorbia peplus L. — Masatierra: Common round the colony
(no. 142); Pto Ingles. — Also in Chile.
67. Callitriche stagnalis Scop. — °C. verna L., JoHOW |. c. 103. —
‘Masatierra: B. Cumberland, small stream in the colony (no. 1215, det G.
SAMUELSSON). — C. verna L., quoted from Chile, where it is not considered
to be indigenous, probably includes more than one species.
68. Aristotelia maqui L’Hér. — JonHow |. c. 108. — Masatierra:
Forming extensive shrubberies in the outer parts of the valleys, penetrating
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 221
far into the primeval forests and reaching the high mountains in several places.
(no. 186). — *Masafuera: Near the road to Las Chozas, c. 460 m, one shrub
seen; ©. del Blindado, c. 440 m, many specimens in the woods. As some
specimens were quite stout, it is possible that the maqui was introduced before
1909, when the convict settlements were established, having escaped the atten-
tion of JOHOW and the writer. But the growth is extremely rapid. — Chile.
69. Modiola caroliniana (L.) Moench. — JOHOW lI. c. 107, — Masa-
tierra: V. Colonial (DOUGLAS; JOHOW; SKOTTSB. no. 115). — Masafuera:
Near the shore on the east side (JOHOW, SkoTTssB.). — Also in Chile.
70. Anoda hastata Cav. — Syn. dA. fernandesiana Steud. in Flora 1856,
p. 437, acc. to REICHE |. c. I, 239. — Masatierra: BERTERO. Never found
again. — Also in Chile (indigenous‘).
71. Malva parviflora L. — JoHow |. c. 118. — Masatierra: Pto
Ingles; O. Juanango; Tres Puntas. — Santa Clara (JOHOW; SKOTTSB. no. 346). —
Also in Chile.
72. Malva nicaeensis All. — JOHOW |]. c. 108. — Masatierra: V.
Colonial (JOHOW; SKOTTSB. no. 181). — Also in Chile.
73. Lythrum hyssopifolia L. — JoHow Il. c. 97. — Masatierra:
MosELEY; V. Colonial (JOHOW; SKOTTSB. no. 121); south side of island from
Plan del Yunque to Pta Larga, scattered. — Also in Chile.
74. Ugni Molinae Turcz. — JOHOow I. c. 94. — Masatierra: V. Colonial
(JOHOW); especially on the lower slopes of C. Central (no. 190), and along the
path to Portezuelo, to about 200 m; two small shrubs near the SELKIRK
memorial, 590 m; Q. Villagra, rare. Probably introduced on purpose, as the
fruits are much appreciated in Chile, where the species is indigenous.
75. Oenothera mollissima L. — O. propingua Spach, JOHOW |. c. 99. —
Masatierra: B. Cumberland, common in the east part of the colony (JOHOw,
SKOTTSB. no. 141). -—— *Masafuera: Q. de las Casas. — Indigenous in Chile.
I know no better name for this; after REICHE’s Flora it ought to be called
O. stricta var. propinqua, but the strzcta I have seen in herbaria seems
different and is not at all so pubescent. I am afraid that REICHE’s classifica-
tion, based on the length of the perianth tube, does not hold good.
76. Sanicula liberta Cham. et Schlecht. — JOHOwW Il. c. 101. — Masa-
tierra: REED, MOSELEY! On the slope of C. Salsipuedes, some specimens
in forest at the road-side, c. 350 m (no. 91). — Most likely introduced, as the
barbed fruits cling to the clothes. — Peru and Chile.
77. Yorilis nodosa Gaertn. — SkorTrss. Stud. 17. — Masatierra:
DovuGLas! — Also in Chile.
*78. Apium cfr. chilense Hook. et Arn. — Masatierra: Pta San Carlos
(no. 273). — One very imperfect specimen. REICHE brought A. chzlense to
222 CARL SKOTTSBERG
australe, probably because there are specimens of this in Herb. Santiago
named A. chilense by PHILIPPI. But the type of the latter in Herb. Kew
clearly represents a distinct species. Possibly Lzgusticum(?) fernandestanum Phil.
(see REICHE, Flora III. 116) is the same as my no. 273.
+79. Apium graveolens L. — Masatierra: V. Colonial, on the beach
(no. 144), an escape from the gardens.
80. Apium laciniatum DC. — SkoTrsp. Stud. 17. —- Masatierra:
V. Colonial (no. 114); B. del Padre (SKOTTSB. 1908). — Chile. May have
reached Juan Fernandez without the aid of man.
St. Petroselium sativum (L.) Hoffm. — JoHow |. c. 102.— Masatierra:
GRAHAM etc.; formerly found as an escape, not seen lately. — *Masafuera:
Q. Angosta, by the waterfall in the gorge.
#82. Anethum graveolens L. — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, near the
settlement; Loberia Vieja; escaped from cultivations.
#83. Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. — Masatierra: V. Colonial (no. 178). —
Also in Chile.
84. Daucus australis Poepp. — JOHOW ]. c. 103. — Masatierra: GER-
MAIN, PHILIPPI. Seems to have disappeared. — Chile.
85. Anagallis arvensis L. — Jonow |. c. 87. — Masafuera: On the
shore near Casas and Vacas (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 498); Playa Ancha; Loberia
Vieja. — Also in Chile.
86. Centunculus pentandrus R. Br. — JoHow |. c. 86. — Masafuera:
GERMAIN. Never found again. — Also in Chile.
87. Erythraea chilensis Pers. — Jonow |. c. 86. — Masatierra:
Common in El Rabanal and in the west part of the island acc. to JOHOW.
Must have disappeared, as no trace of it was seen at any time of the year,
in spite of being especially searched for. — Common in Chile.
88. Convolvulus arvensis L. — JOHOw l. c. 86. — Masatierra: V.
Colonial (JoHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 228). — *Masafuera: the abandoned village
of bas Chozas. — Also in Chile.
89. Collomia gracilis Dougl. — JoHow |. c. 85. — Found in PHI-
LIPPI's list of 1856, without other indications — collected by GERMAIN? —
California — Chile.
go. Gilia valdiviensis Griseb. — Masafuera: Herb. Santiago! ded.
LEYBOLD (coll. by GuAJARDO). Never found again. — Chile.
*91. Cynoglossum pictum Ait. — Masatierra: V. Anson, V. Colonial
(no. 270), Pto Ingles, Q. Villagra. — Also in Chile.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 223
92. Verbena litoralis Kth. — JoHow 1. c. 79. — Masatierra: DOUGLAS
etc. In the colony (JOHOW; SKOTTSB. no, 180); Pto Ingles (JoHow, SKorTss.);
Q. Juanango; Villagra; B. Chupones. — *Masafuera: Q. de las Casas near
the settlement; ©. de la Loberia, 190 m. — Common in Chile.
93. Marrubium vulgare L. — JOHOw |. c. 80. — Masatierra: along
the path from the colony to Pangal (Jonow, SKoTrsp. no. 103); Pto
Ingles. — Masafuera: B. Toltén; QO. de las Casas (JoHow, Skorrss.). — Also
in Chile.
94. Melissa officinalis L. — JoHow |. c. 80. — An escape from
gardens, — Masatierra: in the colony (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 338). —- Masa-
fuera: Q. de las Casas (JOHNOW, SKOTTSB.).
95. Mentha aquatica L. — JOHOW |. c. 79. — Masatierra: in the
colony (JoHOW), Plazoleta del Yunque, abundant (JoHOW). Seems to have
disappeared; at least there was no trace of it in the places indicated. — Also
in Chile.
*96. Mentha pulegium L. — Masafuera: round the settlement in Las
Casas (no. 462). — Also in Chile.
97. Physalis peruviana L. — Pz. pubescens R. & P., JoHow |. c. 84. —
Masatierra: V. Colonial (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 166); Pto Ingles (JoHow); Q.
Juanango. — Masafuera, widely spread: B. Toltén, Las Casas, near Las Chozas,
Papal (JoHOW, SKOTTSB.), Loberia Vieja. — Also in Chile.
98. Cestrum parqui L’Hér. — Jonow |. c. 84. — Escaped from gardens. —
Masatierra: Streets of the village (JoHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 69); Pto Ingles. —
Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (JOHOW, SKOTTSB.). — Chile.
*99. Solanum argenteum Dun. — Escaped from gardens. — Masatierra:
V. Colonial (SKOTTSB. 1908). — Masafuera: near the settlement in Q. de las
Casas. — Not reported from Chile.
*too. Verbascum virgatum Stokes ex With. — Masafuera: near the
settlement in ©. de las Casas (no. 1221) and by the road to Las Chozas. —
Also in Chile.
*to1. Veronica persica Poir. — Masatierra: V. Colonial, Q. Seca, one
plant seen (no. 1217). — Also in Chile.
102. Plantago major L. — JoHow |. c. 78. — Masatierra: in the
colony (no. 210); El Pangal (JOHOW); south slope of Co Chumacera, in forest. —
Also in Chile.
*103. Plantago lanceolata 1. — Masatierra: V. Colonial (no. 179). —
Masafuera: the abandoned village of Las Chozas. — Also in Chile.
*104. Galium aparine L. — Masafuera: the abandoned village of Las
Chozas. — Also in Chile.
224 CARI SKOTTSBERG
105. Dipsacus silvestris Huds. — Jonow I. c. 72, as D. fullonum L. —
Masatierra: B. Cumberland (JOoHOW, SKOTYSB. no. 269); Pto Ingles (JoHow);
Q. Juanango; Q. Villagra. — Also in Chile. My specimens agree better with
D. silvestris, but the paleae are recurved almost as in what generally goes as
D. fullonum.
106. Lobelia tupa L. — JoHow |. c. 76. — Masatierra: V. Colonial,
near the cemetery (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 183); between Pico Central and
Pangal, many groups (JOHOW, SKOTTSB.). — Chile.
107. Micropsis nana DC. — Jonow |. c. 52. — Masatierra: GERMAIN
acc. to JoHOW; V. Colonial, rare (no. 16). — On GERMAIN’s label is indicated:
»Masafuera y Juan Fernandez oct. 1854». Jonow lists Wicropsis among the
introduced species. -— Chile.
108. Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium Lam. -- JOHOoW I. c. 61.— Masa-
tierra: In the dry basal region, from Pto Frances to B. Cumberland, not
uncommon (SCOULER! BERTERO! etc.; nos. 272, 354); C. Salsipuedes, to 750m
(no. 1227); Pto Ingles (JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 327); La Vaqueria; B. del Padre
(Jonow); Villagra (no. 263). — Santa Clara (JoHOW), Morro de los Alelies
(SkovTss.). — *Masafuera: On the higher ridges, from the Chozas Village,
c. 650 m (no. 430), to C. Atravesado, 1360 m. Recently introduced, probably
since 1909. — Chile.
109. Gnaphalium aldunateoides Remy. — JOHOW I. c. 62. — Masa-
fuera: GERMAIN, JOHOW, near the landing place. — Chile.
110. Gnaphalium stachydifolium Lam. — JOHOW |. c. 62. — Masa-
tierra: Co Piramide, c. 600 m (no. 191); Pta San Carlos (JOHOW); C. Salsipuedes,
c. 730 m (no. 93); Pto Ingles (JoHow); Villagra (no. 254). — Santa Clara
(JoHow). — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (no. 444). — Chile. My specimens
are quite like G. Berterianum DC. (BERTERO no. 1029, Herb. Kew!), a species
generally reduced to stachyadtfolium. JOHOW’'s material under this name belongs
in part to the next.
*tir. Gnaphalium spicatum Lam. — Masatierra: V. Colonial (no.
118, 1229). Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (no. 454), in the alpine region,
700—1200 m, only few seen (no. 1228). — There are at least three forms in
my collection. — Also in Chile.
112. Erigeron canadensis L. — Skorrss. Stud. 5. — Masatierra:
Q. Juanango; B. del Padre (SKoTTsB. 1908). — Santa Clara and Morro de
los Alelies (no. 1230, leg. BACKSTROM). — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas. —
Also in Chile.
#113. Erigeron linifolius Willd. — Masatierra: B. del Padre (no. 291:
»typisches Ex. von E. linifolius», F. VIERHAPPER in sched.). — Also in Chile?
FE. strictus Hook. et Arn., a dubious species acc. to REICHE, was quoted for
Juan Fernandez, leg. SCOULER, by HOOKER and ARNOTT, Comp. Bot. Mag.
II. 50. Most likely this refers to a specimen in Herb. Kew. named Conyza
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 225
ambigua DC., and collected by SCOULER; C. ambigua is a synonym of &.
lintfolius.
*r14. Xanthium spinosum L. — Masatierra: On a road in the
colony (no. 627). -- Also in Chile.
115. Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd. — JoHow |. c. 52..— Masatierra:
REED; Pto Frances (QUENSEL 1908); V. Colonial (SKOTTSB. 1908). —
Centr. Chile.
116. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. — JonNow |]. c. 53. — Masatierra:
- GERMAIN. -— *Masafuera: B. Toltén, a small hispid specimen (no. 469). —
Also in Chile.
117. Amblyopappus pusillus Hook. et Arn. — Jonow lI. c. 53. —
Masatierra: B. del Padre, especially on the Puente (no. 290); west parts of
the island (JoHow). — Santa Clara: Jonow; Morro de los Alelies (Jonow,
SKOTTSB.). — Pertti — Chile. In Stud. 29 I listed this among the indigenous
species. JOHOW supposed that it had been accidentally introduced, and I now
agree with him. It is hardly probable that a plant, so numerous in places and
quite conspicuous on account of the barren soil, should not have been collected
before JoHOW. Known in Chile for its medicinal properties, and perhaps inten-
tionally introduced to the islands.
118. Bahia ambrosioides Lag. — JoHow |. c. 52. — Masafuera:
Entrance to Q. de las Casas, extending a few hundred meters to the north and
a little to the south of this place (GUAJARDO, JOHOW, SKOTTSB. no. 443).
The limited distribution of this species, confined to a place where almost every
visitor lands (if he is able to), makes me believe that it was introduced with
the traffic. It is also noteworthy that Bafza is not in GERMAIN’s collection.
Still, there is perhaps as much reason to call it indigenous. — N. and Centr. Chile.
*t19. Anthemis cotula L. — Masatierra: B. Cumberland, between
stones on the shore (no. 143). — Masafuera? no material preserved. — Also
in Chile.
#120. Cotula australis Hook. fil — Masatierra: B. Cumberland
(FUENTES, April 1911, Herb. Santiago!). -- Masafuera: Q. de las Casas
(no. 1231). — Widespread, also in Chile.
#121. Senecio vulgaris L. — Masatierra: Q. Salsipuedes (no. 631). —
Masafuera: Q. de las Casas, in the settlement (no. 419). — Also in Chile.
#122. Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop. — Masafuera: El Papal, near
the old huts. — Also in Chile.
#123. Cynara cardunculus L. — Masafuera: the abandoned village of
Las Chozas. — Also in Chile.
124. Silybum Marianum Gaertn. — JoHow |. c. 64. — Masatierra:
DOUGLAS etc. Very abundant in the bottom of valleys from Pto Frances to
15 — 20100. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
226 CARL SKOTTSBERG
El Puente and also on the south side of the island; one of the dangerous
weeds (no. 197). — Masafuera: Q. de las Casas (Jonow, Skorrss.), Papal,
Loberia Vieja. — Also common in Chile.
125. Centaurea melitensis L. — Jonow |. c. 64. — Masatierra:
DouGLas etc. Pta San Carlos (no. 271); Pto Ingles; B. del Padre (Jonow,
SKOTTSB. no. 292). —- Santa Clara and Morro de los Alelies. — Masafuera:
Q. de las Casas; Q. de las Vacas (JOHOW). — Also in Chile.
“126. Cichorium intybus L. — Masatierra: In the colony (no. 176). —
Masafuera: Settlement of Las Casas. — Also in Chile.
“127. Lapsana communis L. — Masafuera: Village of Las Chozas
(no. 520). — Also in Chile.
128. Hypochoeris glabra L. — JOHOW Il. c. 65. — Masatierra: V.
Colonial (no. 111); B. del Padre (JoHOW); Pta Larga. — Also in Chile.
*T29. Taraxacum (officinale) fernandezianum Dahlstedt nov. spec. —
»Folia (basalia) oblonga — obovato-oblonga lobis latis curvatis unguiformibus ap-
proximatis praedita, lobis lateralibus in superiore margine valde convexis integris
vel subintegris vel parce et minute — crebre et longius dentatis, acutis, lobo
terminali in foliis exterioribus parvo triangulari vel sagittato, acutiusculo, in
interioribus majore ovato-sagittato marginibus convexis integris vel subintegris,
supra glabra — subglabra, subtus araneoso-pilosa. Petioli alati pallide rubro-
violacei. Nervus medianus inferne rubroviolaceus superne pallidus. Pedunculi
inferne rubroviolacei superne pallidiores, erecti vel decumbentes, toti vel superne
araneoso-pilosi. Involucrum parvum—mediocre, saepe sat latum, obscure olivaceo-
viride. Squamae involucri exteriores sat numerosae angustae e basi paulo
latiore lineari-lanceolatae, saepius supra squamas interiores attingentes, quam
eae pallidiores, vulgo cupreo-coloratae in margine saepe araneosae, laxe adpressae
vel erecto-patentes apicibus recurvis, ecorniculatae, interiores lineares magis
obscurae saepe (praesertim in margine) araneoso-pilosae. Calathium parvum,
ut videtur laete luteum. Ligulae marginales extus stria badio-violacea notatae.
Antherae polliniferae vel polline fere carentes. Stylus luteus, stigmata obscura.
Achaenium sordide stramineum inferne late spinulosum, spinulis apice dentatis
squamiformibus, vel fere laeve, superne acutius spinulosum, 3—3,5 mm longum,
I—I,; mm latum, pyramide 1 mm longo, rostro 7—7,5 mm longo.» — Masa-
tierra: in the colony (no. 122). — Masafuera: Settlement of Las Casas
(no. 528). — Remarkably enough no TZaraxacum has been reported before
from the islands. In a letter to the writer Dr. DAHLSTEDT remarks that the
new species is not nearly related to any of the numerous Scandinavian forms.
As the group Vulgaria, to which it belongs, is a Eurasiatic group without
indigenous representatives in other parts of the world, it is clear that the
species has been introduced to the islands. It should be mentioned that the
shape of the leaves is somewhat different in the two islands. Probably the
form comes from South Europe, very likely via Chile. The TYaraxaca of these
parts of the world have not been studied very well.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 227
130. Sonchus oleraceus L. — JOHOW 1. c. 65. — Masatierra: V.
Colonial (no. 167); Pto Ingles; Q. Juanango; B. del Padre (no. 293); Plan del
Yunque; ©. de la Choza, wet rock wall in the forest, with other weeds (no.
250). — Santa Clara and Morro de los Alelies. — Masafuera: B. Toltén;
Las Casas; Playa Ancha; Loberfa Vieja. — JouoW quotes MOSELEY as the
only collector. J. referred the common Sonchus of the islands to S. fallax
Wallr., most likely by a mistake, for it is hardly probable that this has dis-
appeared and become replaced by the other. — Also in Chile.
We learn from this list that the number of weeds is great in the islands,
even if some seem to have disappeared and others are scarce. Many play a
very important part in the vegetation, such as Axthoxanthum odoratum, Avena
barbata, Rumex acetosella, Acaena argentea, Aristotelia maqui, Gnaphalium
chetranthifolium, Amblyopappus pusillus and Silybum Marianum. The western
half of Masatierra and Santa Clara are completely stocked with weeds. Also
in Masafuera, some species are of great importance, as Avena barbata along
the shore end Axthoxanthum and Rumex acetosella in the subalpine and alpine
tracts. It is with little enthusiasm that I have had to report numerous species
new to the islands. I cannot help putting this in relation to the erection of
the penal colony in 1909. The traffic increased, some new weeds were brought
to Masatierra and many more to Masafuera. Certainly, this island was abandoned
after some years, but the weeds did not leave with the convicts.
228 CARL SKOTTSBERG
List of literature.
This list does not at all contain al] the books and papers where plants from
Juan Fernandez are mentioned. It is limited to works of greater importance for
our knowledge of the flora, and also includes such papers where species from the
islands are mentioned for the first time. Well-known handbooks ete. are not
enumerated here.
BARNEOuD, M.: Monographie générale de la famille des Plantaginées. Paris 1857. —
P. fernandezia.
BENTHAM, G.: in DC., Prodr. XII (1848). — Cuminia.
‘BERTERO, C.): Notice sur l’Histoire naturelle de l’ile Juan Fernandez, extraite d’une
lettre de M. BerRTERO. = “Ann. \sct.? nat. a. 'sér, ‘T. X XT Panstsgomee
Letter to Mr. GUILLEMIN.
Birrer, G.: Die Gattung Acaena. — Bibl. Botan. 74 (1910—11).
—— Weitere Untersuchungen iiber die Gattung Acaena. Frppr’s Repert. X (1912).
—w— Solana nova vel minus cognita V. Ibid. XI (1912).
Boort, F.: Caricis species novae vel minus cognitae. — ‘Trans. Linn. Soc. XX
(1846).
—— Uncinia Douglasii Boott, in J. D. Hooker, Flora Antarctica II (1847).
Dre Canpbo.tie, A.: Monographie des Campanulacées. Paris 1830.
—— Genres nouveaux appartenant a la famille des Composées ou Synanthérées. —
Arch. de Botanique II. Paris 1833.
De Canpno.iE, A. P.: In DC. Prodr. VII (1838). — Pernettya rigida.
CLarKE, C. B.: Cyperaceae (praeter Caricinas) Chilenses. — ENGLER’s Jahrb. XXX
(1901).
Cotta, A.: Plantae rariores in regionibus chilensibus a cl. M. D. BerTERO nuper
detectae. — Mem. della R. Accad. d. scienze di Torino XXXVII (1834),
XXXVIII (1835), XXXIX (1836).
Decalsne, J.: Note sur un nouveau genre de Cichoriacées, recueilli par M. BERTERO
dans Vile Juan Fernandez. — Arch. de Botanique J. Paris 1833.
—-—— Monographie des genres Balbisia et Robinsonia, de la famille des Composées.
— ATMS). Nateceocr, etl. eiParis tSs4-
Don, D.: Descriptive Catalogue of the Compositae contained in the herbarium of
Dr. Gillies; with some additions from other sources. — The Philos. Magazine,
or Ann. of Chemistry etc., Vol. XI. London 1832. — Dendroseris.
Don, G.: A general history of the Dichlamydeous plants III. London 1834. —
Coprosma.
Doucras, D.: A sketch of the journey to the north-western parts of North America,
during the years 1824, 5, 6, and 7. — Comp. to the Botan. Magazine, by
W. J. Hooker. Vol. II. London 1836.
(——) Journal kept by David Douglas during his travels.... Publ. under the direc-
tion of the R. Hortic. Soc. London 1914.
Drupe, O.: Juania australis in J. D. Hooker, Progr. and Cond. of the R. Bot.
Gardens Kew. 1884.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 229
Fuentes, F.: Revisiones en la Flora Chilena. Familia Juncdceas. Bolet. del Museo
Nacional, Santiago 1917. }
Gay, C.: Historia ffsica 1 politica de Chile. Botanica, 8 vols. Paris 1845-52:
GraHAM, Maria: Libertia formosa Grah. in ‘The Edinb. New Philos. Journ., Oct. 1833.
Hemstey, W. B.: Report on the Botany of Juan Fernandez, the Southeastern Moluccas,
and the Admiralty Islands. Rep. Scient. Results... H. M. S. »Challenger».
London 188s.
Hooker, J. D.: Wahlenbergia tuberosa Hook. fil. — Curris’s Bot. Mag. CI (1875),
tab. 6155.
—— Dendroseris macrophylla Don. — Ibid. CIV (1878), tab. 6353.
Hooker, W. J.: Peperomia margaritifera Bert. — Icon Plant. I, tab. gt. London
1837.
Hooker, W. J. and Arnott, G. A. W.: Contributions towards a flora of South
America and the islands of the Pacific. Hooxker’s Bot. Misc. II (1833), Journ.
of Bot. I (1834), Comp. Bot. Mag. I (1835), Il (1836), Journ. of Bot. II
(1841).
Jouow, F.: Las plantas de cultivo en Juan Fernandez. — Anal. de la Univ. de
Chile LXXXIV (1893).
—— Estudios sobre la Flora de las Islas de Juan Fernandez. — Santiago de Chile
1896.
Jussiru, A. DE: Rapport sur la partie botanique du voyage de M. Gay au Chili. —
Arch. de Botanique II. Paris 1833.
KUKENTHAL, G: Cyperaceae novae V. — Feppe’s Repert. XVI (1920).
Martius, K. von: Historia Naturalis Palmarum. Miinchen 1823—50.
MeIsNeR, K. F.: Plantarum vascularium genera secundum ordines naturales digesta
etc. Leipzig 1836—43. — Rhetinodendron.
Miers, J.: On three new genera of Verbenaceae from Chile and its adjacent regions.
— Trans. Linn. Soc. XXVII (1871).
Miguet, F. A. W.: Systema Piperacearum. Rotterdam 1843—44.
——— Illustrationes Piperacearum. — Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. XIX Suppl.
1846.
Monracne, C.: Prodromus Florae Fernandezianae. Pars prima. — Ann. sci. nat.
Beseia een te —— EV Paris, 8835:
MUtier ArGov., K.: In DC. Prodr. XV: 2 (1866). — Dysopsis.
Otiver, D.: Santalum fernandezianum F. Phil. — Icon. Plant. 4, ser. V (1896),
tab. 2430.
Preirrer, H.: Conspectus Cyperacearum in America meridionali nascentium. I. Heleo-
charis. — Herbarium 56 (1921).
Pitcer, R.: Uber einige Gramineae der Skottsbergschen Sammlung von Juan Fer-
nandez. — FeEppE’s Repert. XVI (1920).
Puitippr, F.: El arbol de sadndalo de la isla de Juan Fernandez. — Anal. Mus. Nac.
de Chile. 2. seccién. Bot. I. Santiago 1897.
Puivipp!, R. A.: Observaciones sobre la Flora de Juan Fernandez. — Anal. de la
Univ. de Chile 1856. German edition in Bot. Zeitung XIV (1856).
—-— Plantarum novarum chilensium centuriae.— Linnaea XXIX (1857—58), XXX
(1859—60), XXXIII (1865—66).
—— Descripci6n de algunas plantas chilenas. — Anal. de la Univ. de Chile XXVI
(186s).
—— Lactoris fernandeziana Ph. — Verhandl. K. K. Zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien. XV.
1865.
—— Descripcién de las plantas nuevas incorporadas ultimamente en el herbario
chileno. — Anal. de la Univ. XLI (1872), XLIII (1873).
—— Bemerkungen iiber die chilenischen Arten von Edwardsia. — Bot. Zeitung
XXXI (1873).
—— El sdndalo de la isla de Juan Fernandez. — Anal. de la Univ. de Chile
XLVIII (1876).
230 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Paper, R. A.: Plantas nuevas chilenas. — Anal. de la Univ. de Chile. LXXXI
(1893), XC (1895), XCIII (1896).
Reicue, C.: Flora de Chile I—VI:1.\ Santiago 1896—ro 11.
—--. Kleistogamie und Amphicarpie in der chilenischen Flora. — Verh. d. Deutsch.
wiss. Ver. Santiago IV (1901). — Cardamine chenopodiifolia.
—— Bau und Leben der hemiparasitischen Phrygilanthus-Arten. — Flora, XCVII
(1907).
Rourpacu, P.: Beitrige zur Systematik der Caryophyllineen III. — Linnaea XXXVII
(1871—73). — Spergularia.
ScHINDLER, A.: Halorrhagaceae in »Pflanzenreich», IV: 125 (1905).
SkorrsBerG, C.: Juan Fernandez-Garnas sandeltrid. — Svensk Bot. ‘Vidskr. IV (1910).
-— Vegetationsbilder von den Juan Fernandez-Inseln. -— KarsrEN und SCHENCK,
Vegetationsbilder, VIII. Reihe, H. 2 (1910).
—— Studien iiber die Vegetation der Juan Fernandez-Inseln. ——- K. Sv. Vetensk.-
Akad. Handl. LI: 9 (1914).
—— Ia Expedicién cientffica sueca a4 las islas esporddicas de Chile 1916—17.
Informe preliminar sobre los resultados botanicos. Rev. de la Univ. de
Cordoba (Argentina) IV: 8 (1917).
SrEupDEL, E. G.: Synopsis plantarum glumacearum I—II.
—— Urticeae nondum descriptae. —- Flora XXXIII (1850). -
—— Einige Beitrige zu der Chilesischen und Peruanischen Flora, hauptsachlich
nach den Sammlungen von Berrero und LecHierR. — Flora XXXIV (1856).
WebpDELL, H. A.: Revue de la famille des Urticées. —- Ann. sci. nat. 4. sér. T. I.
Paris 1854.
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ
Sy
Abrotanella crassipes Skottsb. . ...
iveaena arrentea R..& P.. ..%
— masafuerana Bitter... ...
—wovalifolianR. & Pn. ... % 3
Agrostis masafuerana Pilger... . .
Bestolonifera Evi - 3 x «4
Porducaryophyllea L. wa. «a. 8
eoppracces. Lx ke. wies G %, 4 ti
Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd. . .
SSNGEMEMUS PEAR. e404 & + m8
Amblyopappus pusillus H. & A...
Amma yisnaga(l.) Lam. . 2:33 3
Mmapallissarvensiswlz . .. 4. + + +
inenvone-decapetala Li... 2... %
mmetnumieraveolens. Wi. 4... 4 + «
Anoda fernandeziana Steud. ..
se illastata Cavin). 2: 2 4% +
mimitmemisycotula, Lit ge As 2 as is
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.. ... .
@pinms cir chilense-H, & A. «-. = ;
— fernandezianum Johow ... .
eameraveolens thins 5, 3% 2 5 3 4
——pcdaciniatum DC... 2 22 i st
Pedistotelia magui-L'Hér- .:.. . . |. »
mwenanwatbata Broty + ss 4. % *«
aw avexsuta-Rothiy . 2-4 20.6 « «
Nara fernandeziana.Gay ..... .
Bahiawanrbrosioides Lag, . i i << :
Berberis corymbosa H. & A. ...
— masafuerana Skottsb. ....
———menianiccwlata inl i 2 me = 3
Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd... ...
Boehmeria excelsa Wedd... ...
Brassica mapus) (Len ives hec a 8 ae
eemanoran(l, Kochi! {Samide
a eAp ay Lew: palin s. 2 ae boa
Dbizawtnimromilere 6) 6. 3d 9 ee 4 koe
Bromusucebadilia Steud.. 2 2 2 ¢ i:
— fernandezianus (Phil.) Skottsb. .
— masafueranus Skottsb. & Pilger
— megalachne Pilger... 2...
=—ontoloides: Kth,. «6 2% + = 4
Index.
nonyms in italics.
. Crea
. 8 “8 .
. at esp ane oes
aes) Cr oO ecieed . .
. eho avi taliteuen ue es
. Ste, sm 16 eh: Mol 10
Pe ee . . ae
. . .
. Ormict eld SO Al aS: iO eet!
oo OTIS Oo, Ade Oh Oost
SO aa Goch 40% On Oa oD
- . . Dp 0 . .
fe) Fe. ey ren, te a) e .
- . . or “el ere) fe
Oy (es feece) re, (ep ie ee On (ewe! . .
Ey eee yes” Se, el is . 6 -
SAC AC 8 e0mR Ot Dead .
7 et in eee oceans
a (es) ou ee . . =n ne) ene
Ga ie fey em le]? ea a Abe el, xe Oto Ss
16 . Och Od 8
Sah ute. (ey tei ie, les) . .
Co secre eche Ste LO . yo
: Dine COA ASS .
. Te in aS Cr eal Of ed
OF TIESTO 0 cite. de ” Cm
a 6, alr Mot nel sles: vey ce, Ue .
as . : . . .
. | Senn satadt at «ACN Gry eS) te Le) .
Oe an Sy Fenton ee Vey) toy el eerste
Ore BR . . .
sy fey fe) ar fe Cis wiper .
Good a aie te 8) Leh uele heme sere Te
So fe wee wee a Sh Le te ay acer
al Tekses Shea tsy Cele oS sin odne oy etc
oo oe ee oe ao Ka, oc Praye © e
. or ie ey wee Ye tie: te) Tate .
SAO Oley) en ten is, at fe Co a 10
sti ta) reer ate» Soy Be. Se are Aan a
re) RS PP Ce ie 1) Ce yet et ee hae 1
CeCe sive weere; fo.) Ne, fo. ihe
CCR RS UL 0 Ae IC Ce Oe
ISLANDS
. .
.
.
Cia ett
. vie.
. .
Cat Oa
. ere)
. soe
. or ne hye
oo 18
.
«= « «6
o, 40 Je? Je
.
ance eae
» oe
. Sg
qo? a
. th 0
. .
a) ee Ae
. .
oe .
Ch ic
Pt edt
Pit Sabah
ei am ie)
Stata |,
Be io .
ON ON One
min Hele men ge
ee) Pas * 30
CO SOP wfc:
Cube .
tat We he
Coe Diphsit
we ww Ww
ee ee |
1
to
=
Nwmn TM vy
Ne HR HH bb
YO wb YY WY WN
rnumor’__ owr_—orom
N Mw NN Ww
Petia le em
Ce Cc
pmo
2R2
GEailliitriclte=wermawluart ay eee
Calystegia Hante/manni Phil.
— tuguriorum R. Br. . .
Campanula gracilis var... .
— Larramt Collasca.e
Cardamine alsophila Phil.
— chenopodiifolia Pers. .
— fernandesziana (Phil.) Johow
= faccida@heace Schl eee
===) SISrtiSSe lig OMOW a eure
Garex Banksit Boott . . a 2.
= Berteroniana steudha a.
=—| PAleAia) BOO a) ene
Centaurea melitensis L.. .. .
.
CARL SKOTTSBERG
Centaurodendron dracaenoides Johow .
Centunculus pentandrus R. Br.
Cerastium caespitosum Gilib. .
— glomeratum Thuill. ..
—— Cie Me 8 8
Cestrumuparquigh: Her 935) a
Chaetotropis chilensis Kth. . .
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
— chilense Schrad. . - . .
— Crusoeanum Skottsb. . .
= jonoulancveloyon ils 5 5 ye
= SMrale sles, reyes Ce eeale
— nesodendron Skottsb. . .
— Sanctae Clarae Johow .
Chusquea fernandeziana Phil. .
Cichorium intybus L.. . .
Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop.
Citharexylon venustum Phil. .
Cladium scirpoideum (Steud.) B. & H.
Colletia spartioides Bert... . .
Collomia gracilis Dougl. . ..
Convolvulus arvensis L. ..
Conyza ambigua DC. .
Coprosma pyrifolium (H. & A.) Sk
— triflorum (H. & A.) B. & H..
Cotula australis Hook. f. . . .
Cumiinia drvevidens Benth.. .
——werianthasbently +. caer
=| fernandezia (Colla...
Gynara cardunculus L. ...
Cynoglossum pictum Ait... .
Cyperus fernandezianus Colla
—— sretiexus: Vahl. -.. . = .
—evecetusmwillds 2 5.5 ss
Danthonia collina Phil... .
Daucus australis Poepp. .. .
Dendroseris gigantea Johow .
SE MEMIEORAMS OIOttSD: 6» ls
— macrophylla D. Don . .
— macrantha (Bert.) Skottsb.
— marginata (Bert.) H. & A.
.
.
ottsb.
oH
-# Ov
SA Tee SES Ra
to
ie)
to N
iS)
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 233
lmeduniscris: trilerantns (DEriy Cis ON din ys als .6 eee ox se ls called BULB Melb ale. eifietlasis} 1.206
SMMC DMM CEE AUTO Diet ck otiacip ete Ctr ep oan a serene ghee wd ee ta A el Shin ~~ 199
Cee PUEaA PREC), EL, COe Aion g nan, cet ascgecle set avn ow ele, we a De dea tala 206
iene BION ERMOELE,) Ela. Ch Ptee ss ak Re ee ene we ane eee a citahie «205
SSIS E TOM) MOKOUSI. oo a 5e ee ace eae ow ee a, pe Oe Aenea ed U1 ot 7g: 207
— regia Skottsb.
Dichondra repens Forst.
Dipsacus fullonum L. .
— silvestris Huds. .
epeuiys conpertijolia Phil... ose ee we ee a a ee
REE RAGA GIO Ge, = ve oxy ian ke hE ep ge ae, ee IER Eien stra
— fernandezianus Miers .
RRIRE TI GOES. VAR. rm mbes ss to; Se Sy ete me felete. fo mth a ten tte Pel h Cel ede al a!
Seecopsics*hirstita-Mull.) Arg... 2... 3 5 5 eee Se ee te we
—
~~ PD
~ ~
a)
to
to
i)
i)
_
i)
.
~
ew Wk
SIN N NM S =
—
to
rN
i=
Peet taivermanaecrangePhil. % 2s w ss ees Oe EROS SEW Uh 137, 140
PUMMGAIUCCE AE SE Miser 4, gel ee Se ae EE SE) a G7 FA
mare ents, Ply) oe + Gee os Se RS Le wa ey ee eh ele Na IT OT 4G
Peepeiura cubrum) Vahl i).) thas 2 = 3) Se eS we TE 4G
Peeeeemcanadensis- be. con sw Ne Ht ae Hw STE A NO Os 224
ITI S 19 Sas Bynes” 2) ns) A oot, <i oo 8 Rey ee ay SO EES, be RU) I age
RE EeOMAGIES H.-S ys es Ace eek Aa ee Soa 8 a8 ees) Ru Geer e. 184
SMRNTTMNEESANVANL Pid 5 5 ious ewe pe es ee mo ee a iw, es A ee Ye
RPMRTTAOVILIAIS WO KOLESDE Aitseke 2). oon Se srsensh dee cA chads So Wet gee ens css Sate ean ey Epa NOS
errr UNI eT dene ec Oso) ae Sac one eS ne, PS «gee ees en ane ea, OY
— SSeS oC en re Se ree lotr sie kl;
pummmemrmcre teeacirmnas( W)C rs ota ok cain ps ects, cece ee ep ps iss wie abe ls rete eek eeted Meo = Pete 220
Bemmnaybupleuroides H, & A... 6: 0s 02.2 sos -so pest Ser ede ee ene basi shi 2 157
RINACZiAn iPS KOttSD way = as)-2 deus ae ceive ees) 2 aoe ogee Ree - 160
Be SiipecsSimeSKOlSb= 4 go0-5 s.r Gow as ee eS eee we se Ge eee) 156
Permcernbylitimi cide Anes inp ae cp ae ve a Ec oe ee = TOE
Pemmeieameiiletisis Pets. oo. Gop be as en ee te Sie teed © 222
PerailonimeGallcottiae be SAL 0S So ee cle es gto e) fe areal eae
Denpemanrigr ra tM, os fs he aya ace SE eee y Ss ss eas | Baan eee ee ee me
LL LETS SU Nog Se RR te MB Mere eh Pa Ne Gh rk Ou
Semmens Way pectes Seay Weis os oe Se as ek ee oe eee eel oe ee
Banbrasiapformosissima. Skottsb. 2... 2 2. = «0 6 2s ype ee yene sepa eh gat 09,209
~
PermemmestertisnSkoitsbi os <5. este a ya ge ue Gigs ys ue ee ee ee ee
Pemmemrime (Dek EOS. 8 we se: ga ee esi ei veils! 9 Sogn et eee
Restucadertonensis.(All))A. & G.. 2... 2 se sae es
Se MIIRTER Cr /AEMIGEN > ave Spb s a) Yo 2 6, %4o a se SS ue) big pgm wt go) Ceonwinpiet a cee
Soe SEES H CE ROENE Ma SS) Soe. Ghee 5) cece. etn). co Ue segs, REE sine oie alee gcc
Beer eruitre me NSIS VENER a) <n se Ge ge! Saye 8 He Gs) a ge ge forge 2 caine
to
iS) —
eo fe
i)
—
our mm MY Ww
iS}
—
Reese PAImIOTae Caw eis ce cere fae gaia ete on ce Gein 2s Ge: pols gs ee eite) Fo anaes = ied
eaabaeecnin capa na EEG PS ea arg ee Gone a gen see ee ne =) nih athens ste al Ape ear a ere, sea ea
ea tridSAitleramiinmaSkOttSDipedercl s. sis css ssc pos wl vs) ie ce ge) [oe ie ol ge Rei = Rome Leet
Pertoitsnnidendigerann(L.): Gands 2. + oe es 3) ieee Sen go ns Se, ee eee eat
GSETMIIECOLe-COKemSteuds ax aks Shires oe uel as com ste ogee: aor ces a oe a) oe
ETAT Ae, SE ee eee Er TS both Soe Sy Se PAT
NR EST: > ee ae ee eT CO eee Aa ole 718,
SEC RGOHERMANUIE Le tian un fey Ss des ie Gs Soe nt et NR ee EERE 20)
SrhoavaldaviensismGnsebs settee oS Sass we eg) es ee Se pS a Ed ad oe
Guaphalimealdunateoides Remy \ 2. 0. + + 2 2 + + <-eyHA lesen 2G0sor ree
ee BEFLEZICNUNE. OG ee che) Se sees oS) ge asst Si oS tls ese) Se ee ee ete es ae
234
Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium Lam.
spicatum Lam. :
spiciforme Sch. Bip. . .
stachydifolium Lam.
Greigia Berteroi Skottsb.
Gunnera bracteata Steud.
insularis Phil.
znsilaris, SCHINDLER .
Masafuerae Skottsb.,
peltata Phil. . . :
pyramidalis Schindl. . .
Halorrhagis asperrima Skottsb.
Heleocharis maculosa (Vahl) R. Br.
Heterocarpus fernandezianus Phil.
CHECLAAUGICS wal ieee
masafuerana Skottsb.
masatierrana Skottsb.
melanocephala, JOHOwW .
vincentina Clarke .
Hordeum murinum L, ....
nodosum L, .
Hypochoeris glabra L,
Tsolepis fuscopurpurea Steud. .
Juania australis (Mart.) Dr.
Juncus acutus L. . .
Koeleria micrathera (Desv.) Gris.
capillaceus Lam.
Chamiissonis Kth. .
Dombeyanus Gay
Jernandezianus Steud.
imbricatus Lah,
planifolius R. Br. .
Lactoris fernandeziana Phil. .
Lagenophora Harioti Franch.
hirsuta, auctt. . .
Lapsana communis L, ...
Lardizabala biternata R. & P.
Libertia formosa Grah.
Ligusticum fernandezianum Phil. .
grandiflora Phil... ..
Lobelia anceps Thunb,
rupincola Colla
Supa Alun. 6-62 28
Lolium multiflorum L. ....
Loranthus Berterot YH. & A.
Luzula cfr. alopecurus ...
— *insularis Skottsb. . ..
Lythrum hyssopifolia L. ..
Malva nicaeensis All... ..
Margyracaena Skottsbergii Bitter
panmilotdels 2 s-%
Margyricarpus *digynus Bitter .
CARL SKOTTSBERG
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN
Marrubium vulgare L. :
Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. .
Medicago denticulata Willd. .
—. lupulina Lo. ss ee
— maculata Willd.
SAME GAC Atte it isle wy m8
Megalachne Berteroniana Steud.
Melilotus indicus (L.) All... .
— parviflorus Dest. .
Melissa officinalis L. .. .
Mentha aquatica L.. . .
Se pilenivmivls Migs. . 6. + 5 ee
Mreropsis mand DC. . 2... +.
Mimulus parviflorus Lindl. var. :
Modiola caroliniana (L.) Moench. .. .
Monocosmia monandra (R. & P.) Pax
Myrceugenia fernandeziana (H. & A.) Berg
— Schulzei Johow . are ;
Myrteola nummularia (Poir.) Berg. .
Nasturtium aquaticum (L.) Wg. .....
Merenadepressa B.S. 5 6 ee es
Pcewans cordifolia Phil. ......
Nowodworskya imberbis Phil... 2...
@chaeaviaelegans Phil) ....-...
@enothera mollissima L. . ....
— propingua Spach. ....
Oldenlandia thesiifolia K. Schum. . .
Oreobolus obtusangulus Gaud. .
Oryzopsts bicolor (Vahl) Speg. .
Beaisicouaiculatar lee. te ees
ep laxac Fie 8) Al.
— micrantha Bert. .
Pantathera fernandeziana Phil.
Parietariadebilis Forst. . ... .
PUSH RAGING ee os
Paronychia chilensis DC. ‘
Paspalum distichum. Lb... 2 2.
— fernandezianum Colla ......-.
Peperomia.Berteroana-Miqu... . . «+ + «
= —etietaandezsaiaMigqe ties. x
SR MAAOAITTEUARDET Eo 1am a BO
( — nummulariaefolia Griseb.......
— Skottsbergi:-C. DC...
Bemethya rigida. WC. Bor. we)
Petroselinum sativum (L.) Hoffm. .....
plidlats intermediavBoses:: ..G5.> 2: a
Phrygilanthus Berteroi (H. & A.) Reiche . .
— tetrandrus (R. & P.) Eichl. ..
Miivealiscperuvianal Lic. A mak. es Se
B. PRbESTOMS, RiSea Ps ve. ai mi sh an ee
Piptochaetium bicolor (Vahl) Presl. . .. .
-—® laewissinaunal. Blilet i sr sane yet eserves
Rea annual ibste i 6 @ < ais
FERNANDEZ
—“— es WN =
& ££ he hb Dh
QQ NNN
236
Bieamipcatemsis sie pesmi: )o-ptcitie teeta
Plantago fernandezia Bert. ... .
— lanceolata L..
==) MMAlOLe es. poets eee nee
=~ )*Skottsberei Pilger - bo
Podophorus bromoides Phil.
Polygonum aviculare L. ......
— hydropiperoides Michx ....
Polypogon chilensis (Kth) Pilger .
ee soins Widener oe ao oo
— imberbis (Phil.) Johow ... .
Psychotria pyrvifoia H.& A. ....
Ranunculus caprarum Skottsb. .
== TENATCa HITS eles, acre prea valcke es
Raphanusesativuish leer ert a: cs Je myelts
fea Berrerana Wone™ so = see
Rhaphithamnus /ongzflorus Miers
— venustus (Phil.) Skottsb. ..
Rhetinodendron Berterii (Decne) Hemsl.
Rhodostachys elegans (Phil.) Mez .
Robinsonia evenia Phil. .. .
= Gayana Dene 2 o.
= ABOLACIIS OCHS J8 ca arene 31 a
— macrocephala Dene. . .
— Masafuerae Skottsb. .....
= sthuGiteras Che =. (caus. se
Roubieva multifida (L.) Mog. .
Rubs oeoIdes Smt) aay) a eee
Inumnmexqalc etose lagen aeay rst eee
— conglomeratus Murr.
— crispus L. Sewoy Seen Be
See iui cine vas. ane eee ee
PRU AN OKACTEOSA DG. Ne tip tas tee
E= tchalepemsiswlan tl ssa eo. ce
Sagina \chilensissNaud........ . -
Salicornia peruviana Kth .... .
Sanicula slibertaiGi. é& Schl. >. =
Santalum fernandezianum F. Phil.
Scirpus cernuus Vahl.
—— a OdOSUSBROLtOn ss oc ei
Selkirkia Berterii (Colla) Hemsl.. . .
BeneciOpvilloanis: Wes coo a uss
Setaria geniculata R.& S..
— imberbis R.&S......
Silencvaallicall 53 ais @ be
Silybum Marianum Gaertn. ... .
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop... .
Solanum argenteum Dun... .....
= demmandezianom Phil... . = >
TE LUCALUI, JOHOW, 2 «ss <>»
— miasatfueranum Bitter & Skottsb.
— Robinsonianum Bitter .
Sonchus fallax, JoHow
=—— Oleraceus du, . . . 2 +
CARL
SKOTTSBERG
215
171
223
223
171
99
216
216
100
214
100
73
123
218
218
205
163
163
197
110
193.
192
196
191
195
192
217
130
216
216
216
216
220
220
217
121
oe)
117
105
105
163
22
214
214
217
225
218
223
165
165
167
165
227,
22
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 2
mupiord temandertana (Phil) Skottsb. . . «'s Foss 2% ole hs oo RO MRL eyo
ete tae aesataIta-(ET).)! SKORSDE x ie wea, Ge OA Ve, Be RN tr ee RES Rie mae AD
eared ara .COMertMord Studs Wan inde eee a oe We ae eco eR BRORERE, . ~ 7201
Pte ncrumaeer (Eni) ROWEBs . xia s+. 2 4s woe ee bo we nD fips ose
MESES ODOW nn) a bee de, ee ke oy ow SORIA, Sees.
Barta CUSDIIStAG NVI, (6 ws oe ee Ble 84 we dae, 6 a ose RR PORNO 277
RemIOMa CUTS fe 4 eos daw aed 8 SE dw Wo en « ORE. BET | ~217
MEECMHOR, JOUGW 6 nies a we we, Oe Hose 2 es SOLU oun, ang
RACRORTE QUE ihe (ah eel et wk Ww WA) ate ees nk, a ee SSE. MN ROC IR GE
Pemeeeteanicematia «EL. a) 3 re 6 eae ck mee AN ae yen od OM Teed) BP RApE . 96
ICRMAPAPATANG: StOUG. Sir ta" sy, eke est pas Pj EM bare saan BOD Linuiey , =—98
RE ALESOER OT DUSCE, es ces. SKS le ea ye AOR? LOE) Bog... erg
Pema dernandezianyni Dahist.” . 2 3s.s sso 3 aos 2p © a0 a 6 a eees or, eee
RMSE SDANS CON sick oa oy. vol ce ob Sine bv SN Po eS be ay et RNOLD. TDI
BRASS 6 Ola fe So ae ek sk Oe kB ee oe 2 OR. PIS 2 Tee
Bemeesestadosa Gaetth. 6002 <r 3 ia ae te ae ee es we. oO, ASOT gagileos
MPEMEIRECASCHSE Ce cree ms ne fhe Be 8 ao ge oe a ON RD. wang
SEEHIEMS HLS Yaa ie oh rae ie od 2 2) ig. 558d 2 oa ces eens be, ee, I ORE AI, 39D
BEC hrOmMOstachylind: DESV.. 0 6) 8 Gg eee 8 el Den ee IM eat . tox
PEERED Sc) 5's a we Sd Bola ae eal 4 2, oe ROPE SBE. ULI. 108
ERR TEE ACTELIE, I CSV var ols 50's to eas Hep he VRE s, est eevee, SUMO ce tas
Ugni Molinae Turcz.. . . Bb Neate 6 Le paed Savio So Rss) ot a, eh ee aE EEE, S951
en CAR a Ns gk a OS mo cn RE teers oe
Mrcinicdebrevicaulis® GhOUanS Sos 1 uy els as sae Sk 5 ee Aeon eee A106
SeRNESESEAE AL FCUIRHICING, «2 lap ver sara, ox “vot he -atrini Sat Sot SRS ot ts aeterua ROE Lee UE: igy
ECS ASH POOLE i ra! as? aveet ot akin ROR * he ae wet ele bes 9 A 7
/
NRRL AER CMP e IIS cer Ve foo 2, oleh ots shal tae ELS eis). 2) el eile wee aban os Yoel on es OT
== LTRS LEGO) Se ee eee agree tere aes tf ort eran Te oe ce gee OT 1 y,
Biremtcekade alana (ich) ROSS: <0.) cBeb ieee: (Se os ee oe ets, Zl oe Be alc, Sate TES
AMELIE AALICE OLEATE UCT of ak ah iS Oh “astray Pa ae elect ac “ws Sp eg he S Saree, 3) AMES, wae ne RBIS
IS CLACMEU EY Heel Zt Egoe ee ROE DS in eed oe Pe Gis
PMELTEPMEBRULE SATUMAD STOR CS! 6 os 5. S/o) 2) ey ow SS 3 eile torent ees satan en eee wees
Bir met CEL MRE @ EAS sth we) roe. \ey apm Tah ior shw: eel Yah o-}oins og 8 aytm, ell ce Sra ee oe re Or
EMER BOCESICA OME. cin cy c 32 a, Font iat Ser OOo! eos CALs eer eh Seat open ea eee
Smmemberaia bertcrou 1. Oo Ag ce kn oo eis chi-s, coe re Reese ne) = Sel ae ee Bene ee
eeerandeziana (A. DC.) Skottsby =.) .9s12) a2 = 2) ser 6, erie a sed eee ee eee ee
meetnaniae: Fenmisl. 2 fa’... sie PsP: Se Ss atigy £2 oie rate tae iE cee
Serra (GOlla)OKOHSD:) “spc 7 al s)s ae fot ot eet ais 2 gy dou ae Ge a Oe ee eet
SERA To MTEL ae (EE) OBOUESIS 95 Pa ca! or eye ee gr ee Snes Ts) aloe neie Gal eto at serch ee ome eae
a= Ua 5 GE Ak oo a a oe ae ee Ne me mes ee Ets yam Fe Sins
MEA aIEtET SHIOSHEDOL. 2/5, -2. 5 2), cules. fam eeenee Fy oe sip a® “Sas Sess eregeiie Gb cura ovine Re
Index of species not belonging to the island flora, but mentioned (and in
some cases figured) in connection with the systematic analysis.
pemeeicanciia lneaiitolic, Ne Ged Wires. = as: ©" al) 40a 2 ae 2) en ee ee LOO
=e MOSELEV Er SEOtISD.- lem cee cigel ie a. Ve bw, = lar Biv'e Ok ge eee a ee ee TO
PPSG@SHs (Pectiaatal Eigcle: Se NRE CMe rs: en ey og Heyy? Sip = nai =: Go: ae ETO, | =. int wae SOO
RST 1G? 0 ee a erie ra 6 Comes ee eels
Bniys) clulensis: DGasuznane hart. Ans, 2s. (ats. 33) eee: MRS. Se eg
238
Drimys paniculata Steud. .
Edwardsia cassioides Phil.
— Macnabiana Grah. .
.
Gnaphalium mucronatum Phil
Halorrhagis cartilaginea Cheesem.
— Colensoi Skottsb. .
— erecta (Murr.) Schindl.
Juncus microcephalus Kth.
.
Lagenophora hirsuta Less. .. .
— nudicaulis (Comm.) P. Dus.
— petiolata Hook.f. .
.
— pumila (Forst.) Cheesem.
Libertia elegans Poepp. .
Luzula chilensis Desv. ..
——* Tacemosa DeSv.. = «
— vulcanica Liebm.
Sophora grandiflora (Salisb.) .
— microphylla Ait. ..
— prostrata Buchan, . .
— tetraptera J, Mill. .
— toromiro (Phil.) Skottsb.
Spergularia remotiflora Steud.
Stipa longiflora Steud. .
= macrathera hil: . ;
== ManicdtawDesv.e .
= Neesiana Drine .
Vilfa muricata Presl. . .
.
.
Wahlenbergia linifolia A. DC. .
SKOTTSBERG
CO 4
=
oe)
a ee — |
Nw www Y
— On]
THE PHANEROGAMS OF THE JUAN FFRNANDEZ ISLANDS
i)
w
<o}
Explanation of the Plates.
Nos. 12, 13, 15, 17—19 reproduced from photographs taken by C. SkorrsperG in the
islands; nos. 10, 11, 14, 16 from photographs after dried specimens by A. KARNELL; no. 20 after
pictures from nature by C. SkOTTSBERG,.
Plate 10.
Peperomia Skottsbereit C. DC. — 4y]s.
Plate I.
Chenopodium Crusoeanum Skottsb. — */s.
Plate 12.
1 Lactoris fernandeziana Phil. below Portezuelo, Masatierra. 2 Aeyyvaetum inaccessum
Skottsb. at Portezuelo, Masatierra.
Piate 13%
1 Margyracaena Skottsber gi Bitter (centre and right), Acaena argentea Ruiz et Pav. (left),
Valle Colonial, Masatierra. 2 Gumnneva bracteata Steud. X feltata Phil., near the road to Porte-
zuelo, Masatierra.
Plate 14.
Solanum masafueranum Bitter et Skottsb. — */s.
Plate sl5:
1 ELuphrasia formosisstma Skottsb., Masafuera. 2 Wahlenbergia Grahamae Hemsl., near
Portezuelo, Masatierra.
Plate 16.
1 Evigeron Ingae Skottsb. 2 Erigeron turricola Skottsb. — /s.
Plate 17.
1 Robinsonia Masafuerae Skottsb. and 2 Dendroseris regia Skottsb , near the Correspon-
dencia Camp, Masatuera.
Plate 18,
Dendroseris marginata (Bert.) Hook. et Arn. at Portezuelo, Masatierra.
240 CARL SKOTTSBERG
Plate 19.
Dendroseris litoralis Skottsb. from Morro Vinillo, in a garden in the colony, Masatierra.
Plate 20.
1—5 Seeds of Sophora: 1 S. fernandeztana (Phil.) Skottsb. var. Reedeana (Phil.) Skottsb.;
2 S. masafuerana (Phil.) Skottsb.; 3 »S. Macnabiana Grah.» from Chile; 4 S. microphylla Ait.
from New Zealand; 5 .S. Zovom7ro (Phil.) Skottsb. from Easter Island. All nat. size. 6—7 Euphra-
sia formosissima Skottsb., X 3. 8 Wahlenbergia Berterot Hook. et Arn., X 2. 9 Wahlenbergia
jernandeziana (A. DC.) Skottsb., X 2. 10 Wahlenbergia Grahamae Hemsl., X 2. 11 Dendro-
serts marginata (Bert.) Hook. et Arn, X 5. 12 Dendroseris itoralis Skottsb., X 5.
Nat. Hist. Ffuan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. LT. ELATE- 10,
Nat. Hist. fuan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. L. PLATE Tt.
PLATI
and Kaste y /sl. Vol. Be
Fernandez
oy
FUan
Nat. Fist.
N
ee
PEAne
tae 3
a
]
/s/.
and kaster
Fernandez
Fuan
oy
Nat. H1st.
i?
_ a ge
Nat. Hist. fuan Fernandez and Faster Isl. Vol. I. PLATE 14.
Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez and Easter Ist. Vol. 11.
ie? a mm
¥ et ‘fd oil ce ee
oy sei ;
n * . : "
‘\
i lll
al
Nat. Hist. fuan Fernandez
and Easter Isl.
Vol. 1.
Ist: Pods fi.
and Easter
Hist. Fuan Fernandes
Nat.
x
Sf mit y
Oe
‘ay t Tia
-
s
aaa
. wy,
ae — =i ~ a
Fe
Juan
~4
Nat. First.
C. Skottsberg pinx.
Proofs of this plate, printed by Fohn & Krostel in Leip-
zig, were very satisfactory, but in the final print the
yellow colour in figs. 11 and 12 is too dull.
HE NATURAL HISTORY
F JUAN FERNANDEZ
ND EASTER ISLAND
EDITED BY DR. CARL SKOTTSBEKG
ce MOL Hi
BOTANY
EMO, _V. F. BROTHERUS: Musci Insulae-Paschalis.
49. F. BORGESEN: Marine Algae from Easter Island.
oe AO. L. Gunnar SJOSTEDT: Ein neues Sargassum von der Osterinsel.
_ A. ZAHLBRUCKNER: Die Flechten der Juan Fernandez-Inseln.
git VY. F. BROTHERUS: The Musci of the Juan Fernandez Islands.
ney
8. Musci Insulae-Paschalis.
Auctore
Vix. F.>BROTHERUS,
Cum 3 tabulis (21—23).
Ex Insula Paschalis (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island) solum ut videtur duae
species muscorum adhuc cognitae sunt, Campylopus sp. e cratere Rano Aroi et
Papillaria pascuana Thér. n. sp. in sched., quarum cl. F. FUENTES in opusculo
»Resena Botanica sobre la Isla de Pascua» (Instituto Central meteorologico y
geofisico de Chile. Publicaciones. N° 4, Santiago de Chile 1913), pag. 144
mentionem fecit. In itinere 1917 a cl. C. SKOTTSBERG una cum domina INGA
SKOTTSBERG 14 species lectae mihi communicatae fuerunt, quarum 7 novas
(Papillaria illa addita) infra descripsi.
Faas
Dicranaceae.
Campylopus Brid.
1. C. introflexus (Hedw.) Mitt.
Hanga Ho Orno\|, in cryptis rupium planitiei (542).
Area: In zona temperata late distributa.
2. C. (Trichophylli) turficola Broth. n. sp. — Tab. 21, Fig. 1 a—i.
Dioicus; gracillimus, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, late extensis, dila-
bentibus, fuscescenti-viridibus, opacis. Caulis erectus, 4—8 cm altus, haud tomen-
tosus, dense foliosus, apice curvatulus et breviter attenuatus, simplex vel parce
ramosus. Folia sicca arcte imbricata, humida erecto-patentia, canaliculato con-
cava, e basi breviter oblonga lanceolata, mutica, singula hyalino-apiculata,
c. 3 mm longa et c. 0,6 mm lata, marginibus superne subconniventibus, integris
vel subintegris, comalia breviora et latiora; nervo basi tertiam partem follii
1 = La Pérouse Bay.
16— 2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
242 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
occupante, dorso laevi, in sectione transversa cellulis ventralibus laxis, inanibus;
cellulis laminalibus rhomboideis, basilaribus internis laxe rectangularibus, hya-
linis, externis multo angustioribus, alaribus numerosis, subrotundato-hexagonis,
teneris, fuscis, in ventrem dispositis, fuscis. Caetera ignota.
Rano Kao, in turfosis lacus crateris copiosissime, 110 m. s. m. (520, 521).
Species statura gracillima follisque muticis dignoscenda.
3. CC. (Trichophylli) hygrophilus Broth. n. sp. — Tab. 21, Fig. 2a—f.
Dioicus; gracillimus, caespitosus, caespitibus densiusculis, dilabentibus, late
extensis, laete viridibus, intus fuscescentibus, nitidiusculis. Caulis erectus, 1O—13 cm
altus, parce fusco-tomentosus, dense foliosus, innovationibus proliferis, similibus,
supremis I—4, caudatis, usque ad 2 cm longis. Folia sicca imbricata, humida
erecto-patentia vel patentia, rarius falcatula, canaliculato-concava, e basi oblonga
sensim lanceolato-subulata, mutica vel brevissime pilifera, ad 5 mm longa et ad
0,7 mm lata, marginibus superne subconniventibus, integris; nervo basi tertiam
partem folii occupante, dorso laevi, in sectione transversa cellulis ventralibus
ducibus magnitudine aequalibus; cellulis laminalibus anguste rhomboideis, basi-
laribus internis laxe rectangularibus, hyalinis, externis multo angustioribus, alari-
bus numerosis, subrotundato-hexagonis, teneris, in ventrem dispositis, fuscis.
Caetera ignota.
Rano Kao, in turfosis lacus crateris, in aqua copiose, 110 m. Ss m,
(516—5 10).
Species praecedenti affinis, sed foliorum forma et nervi structura digno-
scenda.
4. C.(Trichophylli) dicranodontioides Broth. n. sp. — Tab. 22, Fig. 1a—h.
Dioicus; gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, late extensis, lutescenti-
viridibus, intus fuscescentibus, nitidis. Caulis erectus, 3-—5 cm altus, haud tomen-
tosus, dense foliosus, simplex vel innovando ramosus. Folia plerumque + distincte
falcata, canaliculato-concava, lanceolato-subulata, singula + longe pilifera, pilo
erecto, subintegro vel serrulato, 4—5 mm longa, marginibus superne subconni-
ventibus, integris vel superne minutissime serrulatis; nervo basi tertiam partem
folii occupante, dorso laevi, in sectione transversa cellulis ventralibus ducibus
magnitudine aequalibus; cellulis laminalibus rhomboideis, incrassatis, lumine
angusto, basilaribus internis laxe rectangularibus, hyalinis, externis multo angusti-
oribus, alaribus numerosis, subrotundato-hexagonis, teneris, fuscis, in ventrem
dispositis. Setae solitariae vel binae ex eodem perichaetio, cygneae, c. 7 mm
altae, stramineae. Theca regularis, breviter oblonga, sicca plicata, pallida, ore
rubro. Operculum oblique rostratum. Calyptra fimbriata.
Rano Kao, locis lapidosis in cratere, circ. 125 m. s. m. (545, 548—550),
cum f:a perfalcata (544). — Rano Aroi, ad moles, circ. 400 m. s. m. (547). —
Etiam ab Exp. »Albatros» 21 Dec. 1904 a cl. A. AGassiz lectus (66, fia per-
falcata).
Species a praecedentibus foliis + distincte falcatis oculo nudo jam digno-
scenda, habitu Dzcranodontiz.
MUSCI INSULAE-PASCHALIS 243
5. CC. (Trichophylli) saxicola Broth. n. sp. — Tab. 22, Fig. 2 a—h.
Dioicus; gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, viridibus, intus fuscescenti-
bus, opacis. Caulis erectus, vix ultra 3 cm altus, haud tomentosus, dense
foliosus, simplex vel parce ramosus. Folia + distincte falcata, canaliculato-con-
cava, e basi lanceolata sensim longe subulata, breviter vel longius stricte pilifera,
3—4 mm longa, marginibus superne subconniventibus, apice minutissime serru-
latis; nervo basi tertiam partem folii occupante, dorso laevi, in sectione trans-
versa cellulis ventralibus laxis, inanibus, dorsalibus substereideis; cellulis lami-
nalibus rhomboideis, basilaribus internis laxe rectangularibus, hyalinis externis
multo angustioribus, alaribus numerosis, .ovali-hexagonis, teneris, in ventrem
dispositis, fuscis. Seta solitaria, c. 7 mm alta, sicca flexuoso-erecta, humida
cygnea, lutea, laevis. Theca irregularis, oblonga, sicca plicatula. Caetera
ignota.
Rano Kao, locis lapidosis, circ. 125 m. s. m. (522, 526—529). — Rano
Aroi, ad moles, circ. 400 m. s. m. (525). — Hanga Ho Orno, in fissuris
rupium planitiei (523, 524). — Vaintu Rova, in fissuris humidiusculis, circ.
300 m. s. m. (530).
Species a praecedente statura minore, nervi structura nec non theca irre-
gulari dignoscenda. Habitu Dicrano longifolio Ehrh. similis.
Fissidentaceae.
Fissidens Hedw.
6. F. (Amblyothallia) pascuanus Broth. n. sp. — Tab. 22, Fig. 3 a—e.
Dioicus; tenellus, gregarie crescens, viridis, aetate fuscoruber opacus. Caulis
2—5 mm altus, infima basi fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, simplex. Folia
pauci-multijuga, erecto-patentia, stricta, infilma minuta, superiora raptim multo
majora, lanceolato-linearia, breviter acuminata, acuta, ad I mm vel paulum ultra
longa et ad 0,15 mm lata, elimbata, integerrima, lamina vera paulum ultra medium
folii producta, lamina dorsali ad basin nervi enata ibidemque angustata; nervo
lutescente, aetate rufescente, subcontinuo; cellulis subrotundis, minutissimis,
minutissime papillosis. Caetera ignota.
Hanga Ho Orno, ad moles (532). — Vaintu Rova, in caverna humida,
elite. 300 m. S..m. (531).
Pottiaceae.
Weisia Hedw.
7. W. flavipes Hook. fil. et Wils.
Rano Kao, ad rupes circ. 300 m. s. m. (534).
Area: Australia orientalis, Tasmania, Nova Zelandia.
8. , .W../sp.
Hanga Ho Orno, in pascuis (534 b).
244 V. F. BROTHERUS
Orthotrichaceae.
Macromitrium Brid.
9. M. sp.
Rano Kao, in lapidosis in cratere, circ. 125 m. s. m. (536).
Bryaceae.
Bryum Dill.
10. B. argenteum L. var. lanatum (Palis.) Bryol. eur.
Hanga Ho Orno, in pascuis frequens (507, f:a gracilis).
Area: In terris calidioribus late distributa.
Bartramiaceae.
Philonotis Brid.
11. Ph. laxissima (C. Miill.) Bryol. jav.
Rano Kao, circ. 300 m. s. m. (552).
Area: India orientalis, Madagascar.
Meteoriaceae.
Papillaria C. Mill.
12. P. pascuana Thér. ap. FUENTES lI. c. sine descriptione. — Tab. 23,
Fig. 1 a—f.
Dioica; gracilescens, caespitosa, caespitibus plerumque densis, rigidis, su-
perne laete viridibus, intus lutescenti-fuscescentibus. Caulis primarius elongatus,
repens, dense ramosus. Caules secundarii procumbentes vel penduli, flexuosi,
ad 16 cm longi, dense foliosi, laxiuscule pinnatim ramosi, ramis patulis, vix
ultra 2 cm longis, simplicibus, attenuatis vel obtusis. Folia decurrentia, sicca
arcte imbricata, humida erecto-patentia, e basi cordata subsensim in laminam
elongatam, lanceolato-ligulatam, acumine longiusculo, subulato instructam atte-
nuata, c. I,g mm longa et c. 0,75 mm lata, marginibus integerrimis, basi + undu-
latis et minutissime denticulatis; nervo lutescente, infra apicem folii evanido;
cellulis rhomboideis, incrassatis, lumine angusto, papillosis, subobscuris, mar-
ginalibus laevibus, pellucidis, basilaribus internis elongatis, angustis, laevibus,
pellucidis, infimis aureis. Caetera ignota.
Rano Kao, locis lapidosis in cratere, circ. 125 m. s. m. {554—557). —
Rano Aroi, in cratere, c. 400 m. s. m. (558). — Vaintu Rova, in crypta
humidiuscula, circ. 300 m. s. m. (553).
Species P. cuspidiferae (Tayl.) Jaeg. valde affinis, sed foliorum forma
dignoscenda.
MUSCI INSULAE-PASCHALIS
i)
th
On
Fabroniaceae.
Fabronia Raddi.
13. KF. macroblepharioides Broth. n. sp. — Tab. 23, Fig. 2a—g.
Autoica; tenella, caespitosa, caespitibus plerumque densiusculis, late exten-
sis, laete viridibus, sericeo-nitidis. Caulis elongatus, repens, + radiculosus, dense
ramosus, ramis brevibus, densiuscule foliosis, simplicibus, obtusis. Folia sicca
plerumque homomalla, humida erecto-patentia, ovato-lanceolata, pilo + elongato,
integro terminata, marginibus erectis, fere e basi jam dense serratis, dentibus
+ distincte ciliiformibus, patulis; nervo tenuissimo, ad medium folii evanido;
cellulis elongate rhomboideis vel elongate hexagonis, alaribus subquadratis.
Seta 5 mm vel paulum ultra alta, tenuissima, straminea. Theca e collo distincto
cylindrica, fusca. Peristomium normale. Operculum oblique rostratum.
In cratere Rano Kao, locis lapidosis; 120 m. s. m. (559/563).
Species /. macroblepharidi Schwaegr. affinis, sed foliis brevius ciliatis,
laxius areolatis nec non theca majore dignoscenda.
Rhacopilaceae.
Rhacopilum Palis.
14. Rh. cuspidigerum Schwaegr.
Rano Kao, locis lapidosis, c. 125 m. s. m. (566, 567).
Area: Ins. Sandwicenses, Samoa, Norfolk, Nova Caledonia.
246 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
Explicatio tabularum.
Tab. 21.
Fig. 1a—i Campylopus turficola n. sp.: a planta sterilis ('/1); 6--d folia (!7/1); e—g apices
('59/1); A pars basilaris (17/1); Z sectio transversa partis inf. (1/1). Fig. 2a—f Campylopus hygro-
philus n. sp.: a planta sterilis (4/1); 4, ¢ folia (17/1); @ apex (18/1); e pars basilaris ('7/1); f sectio
transversa partis inf. (17/1).
Tabs 22:
Fig. ra—h Campylopus dicranodontioides n. sp.: a planta fertilis (1/1); —d folia (1/1);
e apex (7!%1); 7 pars basilaris ('7/1); g sectio transversa partis inf. (1/1); # theca ('?/:). — Fig.
2a—h Campylopus saxicola n. sp.: a planta fertilis (‘/1); b—d folia (12/1); e apex (4/1); f pars
basilaris (17/1); g sectio transversa partis inf. (17/1); & theca (!7/1). — Fig. 3 a—e Fissidens pascuanus
n. sp.: @ planta sterilis ("/:); 6 eadem (!7/1); c, d folia (99/1); e pars apicalis (47/1).
Tab. 23.
Fig. 1a—f Pafillaria pascuana Thér. nomen: a planta sterilis (4/1); 6—d folia (7/1);
é apex (17/1); f pars basilaris (17/1). — Fig. 2a—g Fabronia macroblepharoides n. sp.: a planta
fertilis (4/1); 6 eadem (27/1); ¢, @ folia (°/1); e pars apicalis (47/1); f, g thecae (29/1).
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Nat. Hist. fuan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
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9. Marine Algae from Easter Island.
By
F. BORGESEN.
With 50 text figures,
When Professor SKOTTSBERG asked me to work out his collection of alge
from Easter Island I undertook with pleasure this task, as the isolated situa-
tion of this island made its algal flora of a special interest.
The collection consisted of about 20 glasses, a few stones with crustaceous
algz and some dried specimens, mostly the same as contained in the glasses.
All the material brought home was collected at low tide between high and
low water mark and in one locality, Hanga Piko, on the west coast of the
island; sublitoral alge were only collected in tide-pools.
As is understood from this, it is a small collection only, and as several
of the glasses contain the same large species, it was to be expected that the
number of species could not be great.
At the examination of the glasses, however, fragments of other larger
species were found upon and among the larger algz, and also some smaller
epiphytic and endophytic species. Alltogether 68 species have been listed.
Regarding several of these species the material is so scarce that there was
hardly enough for microscopic preparation, while it was quite insufficient for a
more detailed examination, a circumstance likely to have an influence upon the
exactness of the determination.
At all events, the present incomplete list of species shows that this very
isolated island possesses a both rich and varied marine flora of which a more
thorough investigation, including the sublitoral vegetation, is highly desirable.
If I would try to give my opinion on the more characteristic features of
the algal flora, judging from the present material, I might say that many of
the species are small creeping ones which by means of strong hapteres or
rhizoids are able to fasten themselves to the substratum; such species are f. i.
Gelidium pusillum, Ptilothamnion Pluma, Laurencta claviformtis, Chondria repens,
Gymnogongrus aequicrassus, Hypnea Esperi, Herposiphonia tenella, Dictyopteris
repens etc. I have also come across proportionally many species of crustaceous
alge. On the whole most of the species are small, the largest one found is
Sargassum spec. Many species form low tufts and have a cartilaginous
248 F. BORGESEN
thallus. These different types of the thallus are most certainly adjustments to
the very strong surf that continually beats the shores of this extremely exposed
island.
As could be expected from the situation of the island, 27° s. Lat., the
algal flora has a subtropical character with a few pronounced tropical forms
f. i. Halimeda Opuntia, Valonia ventricosa and Chnoospora fastigiata. No Cau-
lerpa was collected.
It is of a special interest to note that some species hitherto known only
from the West Indies or adjacent parts of the Atlantic are found at the shores
of Easter Island, thus contributing to the remarkable correspondance between
the floras of the Pacific and of the West Indies. Regarding this question compare
my remarks in »The marine Algz of the Danish West Indies», vol. II, p. 491 etc.
Finally I want to express my best thanks to the specialists who kindly
assisted me with the determination of certain groups. I am much indebted to
Mme. Dr. A. WEBER VAN BOSSE and Mme. PAUL LEMOINE for having determined
respectively the Squamariacee and the Lithothamniacez found in the collec-
tion, and to Dr. H. E. PETERSEN who took the trouble to name the small
fragments found of Ceramzum.
The drawings are for the most part made by mag. scient. O. ROSTRUP
under my inspection.
Chlorophyceae.
Fam. Ulvaceae.
Ulva L.
U. Lactuca L.
LINNE, Spec. Plant. II, 1753, p. 1163.
The specimens are small, some few cm high only, forming low tufts, the
thallus being folded, crisped and entangled as is often the case with this species
on exposed localities.
Area of distribution. Seems to occur in all seas.
Fam. Chaetophoraceae.
Endoderma Lagerh.
E. viride (Reinke) Lagerh. — Fig. 1.
LAGERHEIM, G., Bidrag till Sveriges algflora (Ofvers. af K. Vetensk. Akad. Férh.,
1883, p. 75). I. Huper, Chaetophorées epiphyt. et endophyt. (Ann. Sc. Nat., 7. sér.,
Bot., tom. 16, 1892, p. 326). BOrcGesen, F., The Mar. Alg. of the D. W. L., vol. I,
p. 10, Il, p. 416. — Entocladia viridis Reinke, in Bot. Zeit., 1879, p. 476, tab. 6, figs. 6—9.
In the thick walls of Laurencia claviformis an Endoderma was present,
most likely referable to &. virzde, which according to my concepcion of species
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 249
(I. c.) is a rather variable plant. Quite as in the West Indian plants the present
one formed a reticular tissue, the endophyte utilising the larger place left above
the walls of the peripheral cells in the host plant.
The cells are 8—15y. long and 7—8y, broad, of a rather irregular shape,
often about oval, mostly as long as broad, but shorter ones are common too.
aa
Fig. 1. LEudoderma viride (Rke) Lagerh. from Laurencia claviformis. In one of the cells zoo-
spores: areyseen, C2, 400)
The cells contain much starch. The shape of the chromatophore could
not be determined, probably because the material had been kept too long in
formaline.
Cells with zoospores were found now and then.
Area of distribution: Atlantic coasts of Europe and N. America, West
Indies, Easter Island.
Fam. Cladophoraceae.
Cladophora Kiitz.
C. spec.
Together with Gelidium pusillum a small Cladophora was found upon a
shell. It had vigorous rhizoids deeply immersed in the substratum.
The basal cells were 2—3 mm long and 150—175 y, thick, the upper cells
shorter, but a few cells only were developed. The cell walls were thick and
stratified.
The largest plant found was 5 mm long.
C. (Aegagropila) socialis Kitz. — Fig. 2.
Kurzinc, Spec. Alg., p. 416. Tabulze Phycologice, vol. IV, tab. 71. ReEin-
BOLD in A. WEBER VAN Bosse, Liste des Algues du Siboga, I Myxophyceae, Chloro-
phyceae, Phaeophyceae, p. 82.
To this species, originally described by KUTzinG from Tahiti, I refer a
plant forming extensive, soft, Vaucheria-like tufts. On the upper side of these
tufts the filaments are not much branched, often being quite simple for a
considerable distance. The ramification is subdichotomous, the side branches
250 F. BORGESEN
growing out at acute angles from the mother filaments and soon attaining the
same strength as these.
In the upper part of the thallus the cells are of much variable length,
5—10—-20 times as long as broad or even more. The diameter of the cells
varies from 50—I100. being mostly 70—8o u..
The basal parts of the thallus have a different appearance. Here the cells
are much shorter, the filaments (Fig. 2 a) are irregularly bent and curved, and
much less regularly ramified; and furthermore we find here a great number of
rhizoids. These rhizoids serve for the most part to attach the plant to the
substratum but also to keep the whole thallus together as many of them fasten
Fig. 2. Cladophora socialis Kitz. Parts of plants showing ramification and formation of
riizoides: sa i1G2'2 "1, b,c tc. 1.
themselves to other filaments. The rhizoids are sometimes long, sometimes
short; in the long one cross walls are often present while the short ones have
no cross walls. They generally end in a small coralliform disc. There is no
cross wall separating the rhizoid from its mother cell.
The wall of the filaments is thin in the young parts of the thallus, thick
and stratified in the older parts.
By its ramification and mode of growth as well as by the fact that the
rhizoids are not cut off from their mother cells by cross walls this plant at the
first glance reminds rather much of C/ladophoropsis, but it is of course easily
distinguished by the presence of cross walls at the base of the branches.
Furthermore it must be remembered that the formation of cross walls in the
filaments of Aegagropila takes place in the same way as f. i. in Cladophora,
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 251
while cell division in Cladophoropsis (as far I have been able to observe on
preserved material of CZ. memébranacea) is realised in the peculiar way I have
called segregative cell division.
The species, originally found at Tahiti, has been collected at the Lucipara
Islands by Mme. WEBER.
Area of distribution: Pacific Ocean, Malay Archipelago.
Fam. Valoniaceae.
Valonia Ginn.
V. ventricosa J. Ag.
Specimens as large as dove’s eggs are found. They were fastened to
other alge and were also themselves very much utilized by epiphytes.
The specimens seem to agree very well with others collected by me in
the West Indies (I. c., vol. I, p. 27). In both cases they were fastened to the
substratum by means of rhizoids growing out from the small lentiform cells in
the basal end of the large cell.
In some of the specimens a good number of small roundish cells were
found enclosed in the large mother cell, as described by MurRAY.' On the
base of my West Indian material I arrived at the conclusion that these bodies
owed their origin to abnormal conditions, but after I have seen the Pacific
specimens I agree with MURRAY in considering them as quite normal organs
of vegetative reproduction formed by a kind of free cell division — segregative
as I have called this peculiar division modus found in so many related tropical forms.
Another sample of algz contained some few specimens of more elongated
shape about 2 cm long and 3/4,—1 cm broad. I dare not say, if these specimens
more rightly ought to be referred to V. Forbes Harv. but had they come
from the West Indies I would without doubt have considered them as forms
of V. ventricosa. As is the case in this species they were covered by epiphytes,
especially MWelobesiacee, while V. Forbesti, according to Mme. WEBER’, is less
used as substratum.
Area of distribution: West Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Tahiti, Easter
Island.
Rhipidiphylion Heydr.
Rh. reticulatum (Asken.) Heydr. — Fig. 3, 4.
Heypricu, F., Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Algenflora von Ost-Asien besonders
der Insel Formosa, Molukken- und Liu-kiu-Inseln. Hedwigia, 33. Bd., 1894, p. 281.
— Anadyomene reticulata Askenasy, Forschungsreise S. M. S. »Gazelle» IV. Theil,
Botanik (Algen), p. 5.
The thallus (Fig. 3) forms small, 2—4 mm broad, cristate and excentric
bodies fixed by means of vigorous rhizoids to the host plant (Ga/axaura).
‘ Murray, G., On Halicystis and Valonia, in Murray, Phycological Memoirs, Part II,
1893, p. 5O—1.
2 WeseEr-VAN Bosse, A., Liste des algues du Siboga, I, Myxophyceae, Chlorophyceae,
Phaeophyceae, p. 59.
252
Fig. 3. Young plant of RAcpidiphyllon
reticulatum (Asken.) Heydr., c. *%/1.
F. BORGESEN
The rhizoids grow out from the lower-
most ends of the cells in the basal part of
the plant (Fig. 4b). They are irregularly
bent and have thick walls. They grow down-
wards along the wall of the main cells and
contribute highly to the strengthening of these.
Reaching the host plant they become divided
in several thinner filaments which are termin-
ated by irregular coralliform lobes. I have
not seen any cross walls in these rhizoids.
From the base of the main cells even high
up in the thalius such rhizoids are formed.
The growth of the plant is acropetal.
The young cells are at first seen as small
outgrowths upon the end of the mother-cell.
These outgrowths are often rather large before
they become separated by a wall (comp,
Fig. 3). The ramification always takes place
in the same plane.
When the apex of a cell touches the
neighbour branch it becomes fastened to it
by a thick cellulose ring, formed in the same
way as in Wzecrodictyon umbilicatum (Fig. 44).
The large cells are about 200 », wide
and as much as 600u. long. The cells contain
a wall plasma with numerous chromatophores
forming a dense network. Numerous pyrenoids
are regularly distributed in the chromatophores.
Fig. 4. Rhipidiphylion reticulatum (Asken.) Heydr. a summit of plant, c. ®/1; b base of small
Specimen, (c,. oY:
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 253
The flabelliform mode of ramification reminds very much of Anxadyomene,
but in Rkzpzdiphylion the space between the large cells remains open no small
cells being formed here. ASKENASY described the plant as an Anadyomene,
but I think HEYDRICH was right in making it the type of a new genus.
Rhipidiphyllon differs from A/rcrodictyon mainly by its acropetal, fanshaped
ramification resulting from the fact that the new cells are produced from the
upper end of the mothercell, all being directed upwards under acute angles
and all lying in the same plane. It also differs in the less regular and less
frequent junction of the cells. Aszpzdzphyl/on is also a much smaller plant; the
largest specimens I have seen are about 5—6 mm in diameter, as stated by
ASKENASY.
It seems to me rather doubtful if the plant so beautifully figured by
OKAMURA in his »lllustrations of the Marine Algz of Japan», Vol. 1, no. 6,
pl. 30 really belongs to this genus. I am much more inclined to consider this
a WMicrodictyon, The shape of the thallus, the mode of ramification, the shorter
and less marked main cells, the more spreading branches, not distinctly gathered
at the end of the main cells with much larger angles between them, and the
lowermost being directed downwards, all suggests M/ccrodictyon.
Area of distribution: West Australia, Formosa, Easter Island.
Microdictyon Dene.
M. umbilicatum (Vell.)
Zanard. — Fig. 5.
ZANARDINI, Iconographia,
Phycologica Adriatica, vol. I,
p. 79, tab. XIX, 1860.
Some few small frag-
ments were found growing
on HHypnea.
Regarding the _ limita-
tion of species in A/zcrodictyon
there still is some uncertainty,
as pointed out by REINBOLD.'
In the treatise quoted below
he points out that the net-
work arises in three different
ways, namely by means of
a simple anastomosis (» Ver-
dickungsring», BITTER) as is
the case in MW. umbilicatum,
by pseudohapters, the attach-
1 REINBOLD, Tu.,in A. WEBER
vaN Bosse, Liste Algues Siboga, Fig. 5. Microdictyon umbilicatum (Vell.) Zanard., part of
i. ps 66: specimen, c. 7/1.
254 F, BORGESEN
ment points being crenulated cell-ends as is the case in W/. pseudohapteron Gepp
and finally by means of true tenacula as found in JZ. Montagnez Dene.
Regarding the mode of net formation the present plant quite agreed with
M. umbilicatum and therefore I do not hesitate to refer it to this species. It
agrees very well with my West Indian specimens and specimens from Cadiz.
Area of distribution: Mediterranean Sea, West Indies, Red Sea, Australia,
Sandwich Islands ete.
Fam. Codiaceae.
Halimeda Lamx.
H. Opuntia Lamx. forma Reinschii (Hauck) Barton.
Barton, E. S., The genus Halimeda, p. 21. Okamura, K., Icones, vol. III,
pl. 148. — Halimeda Reinschii Hauck, Ueber einige von I. M. Hildebrandt im Rothen
Meere und Indischen Ocean gesammelte Algen. (Hedwigia, 1886, p. 167.)
The specimens gathered seem to agree very well with the description of
HAUCK and the figures of Mrs. GEPp (Miss BARTON). It is a rather small
plant forming compact tufts ca. 5—6 cm high. The base consists of a short
stem from which branches are issued in all directions. The lowermost joints
are often broader than long and very thick, followed by a few ones nearly
cylindrical and longer than broad, but soon the joints again become shorter,
broader than long and trilobed. Higher up again the joint grow smaller,
thinner, nearly roundish or ovate and sometimes Hightly trilobed, sometimes not.
The midrib is very indistinct. The joints in the lower part are mostly about
2—3 mm long and 3—4 mm broad, higher up 5—6 mm long and 4—5 mm
broad; the uppermost are about 4 mm high and 3 mm broad.
Area of distribution: Indian Sea, Easter Island.
Fam. Phyllosiphonaceae.
Ostreobium Born. et Flah.
O. Quekettii Born. et Flah.
Bornet, E. et Cu. FLAHAULT, Sur quelques plantes vivant dans le teste calc.
des Mollusques (Bull. Soc. bot. Fr., T. 36, 1889).
This species was found in a small Sfzrordzs, the shell being quite green-
coloured by the occurrence of the alga.
Area of distribution: Europe, North America etc. most likely cosmo-
politan.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 255
Phaeophyceae.
Fam. Ectocarpaceae.
Ectocarpus Lyngb.
E. Chnoosporae nov. spec. — Fig. 6.
Thallus pulvinulos parvos ca. 17/2 mm latos formans, e filis repentibus et
filis erectis constructus. Fila repentia irregulariter ramosa et plus minus cohe-
rentia e cellulis oblongis ca. 15—20y. latis et 24—28 y. longis composita. Fila
ted Ty
ay —s
Ty
ceo a =
Ko =
any sf!
iar
em
CF
rae ar. > =
Fig. 6. Ectocarpus Chnoosporae nov. spec., parts of plants, c. 79/1.
erecta ca. I mm alta, in parte basali e cellulis 8—10 p latis et 25—30 yp. longis
in superiori parte e longioribus formata, simplicia aut in inferiori parte ramosa;
rami aut longi, erecti, aut breves sporangia plurilocularia gerunt. Sporangia
subfusiformia, ca. 100 », longa et 25 wv. lata.
On the thallus of Chnoospora fastigiata J. Ag. var. pacifica J. Ag. a small
brown alga was found which seems to me most naturally to come near the
crustshaped Ectocarpfi quoted by OLTMANNS, Morphologie u. Biologie der Meeres-
algen, 2. edition, p. 10, mentioned from the posthumous manuscript of KUCKUCK.
As examples of the gradual reduction of the thallus of Actocarpus he men-
tions two species, Lctocarpus faeroensis and spectosus, originally described
by me under Myrionema in accordance with the at that time recent work of
SAUVAGEAU on the Myrionemaceae. Later, these species were referred to
various genera by various investigators; now KUCKUCK simply has included
them in £ctocarpus.
256 F. BORGESEN
The basal part of the plant consists of a monostromatic tissue composed
of irregularly curved and ramified creeping filaments growing gradually more
or less tightly together. The cells of the basal layer are about 15—20 yp, thick
and 24--28» long. From these cells erect filaments arise. These are mostly
simple having a zone of growth somewhat above their base. Here the cells
are short with intercalary divisions. Upwards they gradually increase in length,
the chromatophores become less developed and the ends of the filaments become
hairlike, gradually dying off.
These assimilating filaments measure about 8—10yp, at their base, the
length of the cells being 25—30. In the zone of divisions the cells are about
16 » wide and mostly shorter than long. Keeping about the same width the
upper cells attain length of about 65 ». The filaments are up to 1 mm long.
Most of the assimilating filaments are simple but sometimes carry a single
equally developed branch near their base; in the upper part they are always
undivided. Near the base they also carry short filaments bearing terminal
plurilocular sporangia. These filaments consist mostly of a single or of two
cells. Now and then, too, a plurilocular sporangium is borne on a short filament
arising directly from the basal filaments.
In one specimen (Fig. 6 b) two small sessile gametangia were observed at
some distance from the base and one sporangium on each of the filaments,
somewhat recalling the genus Gowonema Kuck. und Skottsb.*. The plurilocular
sporangia are ovate-spindleshaped, about 100 ». long and 25 broad. In the
fresh divided cells, the chromatophores form several roundish discs, in the
older cells oblong bodies or short staffs.
This new “cfocarpus evidently comes near Compsonema fasciculatum and
C. coniferum, described by SETCHELL and GARDNER in Phycological Contribu-
tions II to IV (University of California Publications, vol. 7, 1922), but the present
plant is much larger and also shows several differences in the shape of sporangia,
assimilatory filaments etc.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
E. breviarticulatus J. Ag. — Fig. 7.
I. AGarpu, Nya alger fran Mexico (Ofversigt af K. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl.,
1547, Pp. 7). BORGESEN, F., Marine ‘Algae ‘of the D. W. I, vol. I, p. 173s ee.
carpus hamatus Cr. in Mazé et ScHRAMM, Essai de classification des algues de la
Guadeloupe, 2° Edit. 1870—77, p. 111; Vickers, A., Phycologia Barbadensis, part
I1, pl. 29.
The specimens found quite agree with the West Indian plant.
The filaments are about 30 » thick. The length of the cells is rather
variable. Near the summit of the filaments and generally in the periphery of
the tufts the cells mostly are about as long as broad, while in the main fila-
ments in the interior of the tufts the cells are often more than twice as long
as broad.
1 SKOTTSBERG, C., Bot. Ergebnisse d. schwed. Exp. nach Patagonien und dem Feuerlande.
VII. Marine Algae. 1. Phaeophyceae, p. 9.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 2hy
The plurilocular sporangia (Fig. 7 b) are roundish-quadrangular or obovate.
Commonly they are about 40 » long and 35 u. broad as is also the case in the
West Indian form, the measure given by me (lI. c.) drawn from a rather large
sporangium.
So far one is able to judge from material kept so long in formaline, there
appears to be several shorter or longer ribbon-like chromatophores, irregularly
bent and with branches of different length in the young parts of the filaments,
while in the older ones the chromatophores are more like small roundish or
somewhat irregularly shaped discs.
From Mrs. GEpr’s description and figures! of Ectocarpus spongiosus Dickie®
I feel convinced that this species is the same as /. breviarticulatus, originally
described by I. AGARDH in 1847 on specimens collected by LIEBMANN at St.
Augustin, Mexico.
Area of distribution: Pacific coast of Mexico, West Indies, Indian Ocean,
Easter Island.
Fig. 7. Ectocarpus breviarticulatus J. Ag. Fig. 8. ctocarpus sp. a filament with pluril-
a sterile filaments, c. 45/1; b (c. 78/1) and ocular sporangium, c, 4/1; b the sporangium,
ce (c. ?%/1) pluriocular sporangia. 6.
E. spec. -— Fig. 8.
The figure represents all the material found, and I would not have men-
tioned the plant if it had not shown so much likeness to another »Lctocarpus
spec.» mentioned by Mme. WEBER in the »Phaeophyceae of the Siboga», p. 131.
1 Barton, Eruet S., List of Marine Algae collected at the Maldive and Laccadive Islands
by I. S. Gardiner (Journ. Linn. Soc.-Bot., vol. 35, p. 479)-
2 Dickiz, G., On the Algae of Mauritius (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., vol. 14, 1875, p- 191).
17 — 2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
258 F. BORGESEN
The plant was attached to Vztophyllum spec. From the decumbent short
filament, the long erect one arises. At the base the filament was 12, thick,
somewhat higher up 19 », a litle above the sporangium 24. Along the
intercalary growth-zone the width is about 23; from here the filament evenly
tapers into a pseudo-hair like prolongation with cells about 15 » thick and
So p. long. .
The plurilocular sporangium is ovate fusiform, 80 p. long and 24 y. broad.
It was placed upon the basal cell of a short branch. In the plant of Mme.
WEBER the sporangia are sometimes sessile, sometimes placed upon a short
pedicel.
Fam. Ralfsiaceae.
Mesospora Weber van Bosse.
M. Van-Bosseae nov. spec.’ — Fig. 9.
Thallus 2—3 cm et ultra altus e disco basali et filis erectis constructus.
Discus basalis e filis repentibus coherentibus subdichotomo divisis compositus
unde fila erecta oriuntur. Fila erecta in parte basali e cellulis latioribus quam
altis et plus minus cohaerentibus stratum subparenchymaticum formantibus, in
parte superiori libera, subclavata e cellulis cylindricis ca. 24 », longis et 8—II p.
latis, ad apicem versus cellulis gradatim latioribus ad 16». latas composita.
Sporangia plurilocularia in superiori parte filorum formata.
Through the great kindness of Mme. WEBER I have been able to compare
my plant with original material from the Siboga-Expedition.
By means of this and the detailed description of Mme. WEBER I have
convinced myself that the plant from Easter Island, even if it agrees with
the Malayan one in many respects, nevertheless differs essentially in others,
making it necessary to regard it as a new species.
The plant grows on stones to which it adheres firmly with its whole lower
surface. It forms dark brown or nearly black crusts as much as 2—3 cm in
diameter or even more.
The basal part of our plant is formed of several brown layers of old
decayed tissue, often including blue green algae, in transverse section presenting
a picture very like that found in fig. 43 of Mme. WEBER.
I have succeeded in finding a small marginal portion, represented in
fig. gb. It is composed of creeping, congenital filaments growing in length by
means of a top-cell. By transverse walls these filaments are divided into more
or less isodiametric cells. The filaments are about 10—15 y. thick, the top-cell
often 204. or more. The filaments are radiant to all sides and by and by, as
the disc expands and the width of the outermost ends of the filaments increases
the cells show longitudinal walls, the filaments thus becoming dichotomously
divided.
At a very early stage erect filaments arise from every cell of the basal
stratum. These erect filament grow vertically, standing quite close together.
1 | have the great pleasure to name this species in honour of Mme. Dr. A. WEBER VAN
Bosse, the indefatigable explorer of the algal flora’ of the Malayan Archipelago.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 259
In the basal part the cells are broader than long and more or less coherent,
forming a nearly parenchymatic tissue (Fig. 9 a).
While this horizontal layer
in Mme. WEBER’s plant is composed only of 1—4 layers of cells, ten or even
more are not uncommon in my plant. The cells are considerably broader than
long, ca. 18 ». broad and only 7 p. high.
The filaments composed of these cells
are now and then dichotomously divided; generally they are vertical, but now
and then parts of the tissue occur with curved filaments.
Above this tissue the filaments become thinner and at the same time
mutually free in their whole length. In this respect our plant differs essentially
=
Aw f
= . 0
4 O GAY Ui } a
WG oe ny OS
0 BO RANA wd des
-Y BAe WooK 1 idl
Oo Bos woo ‘sie U5
Gh sm econ theless
OF We ood Vibe le sia
19. 'a8 Beek) See SSse
O| Ob C) i!
= Oa) mee, O ici)
5 So PR erbagaaass)
aS) \\ l . CY A Oy (9
a) 2 as) @ an CLO
yo KX Me: Wi, DR YOK
7 my = NS wy, / JY : P.
SPO
Fig. 9. Mesosfora Van-Bosseae nov. spec.
a transverse section of thallus, c. 7/1; b part of
margin seen from above, c. 1/1; ¢ assimilating filaments and hairs, c. 1/1; d formation of
plurilocular sporangia, c. 7°/1.
from that of Mme. WEBER, who describes her plant in the following way: »Les
filaments verticaux, claviformes qui la composent ont de 10—20 cellules, ils
sont libres dans la partie basale et mediane, mais adherent fortement entr’eux
au sommet, couvert d’une couche mucilagineuse assez €paisse». In our plant
as explained above the basal parts of the filaments adhere rather firmly while
upwards the filaments become quite free, only imbedded in mucilage.
At the base of the free part of the filaments the cells are cylindrical and
as much as 24 ». long and 8—11 yu. wide; higher up the cells grow shorter,
mostly broader than long, the width of the filaments being about 16 uw.
The filaments consist of about 20—30 cells. Thus, they are a good deal
longer than in Mesospora Schmidti; furthermore the shape of the cells is
260 F. BORGESEN
different, being nearly cylindrical with thin walls in our plant, while, in Mme.
WEBER’s plant, they are barrelshaped and thickwalled.
Now and then groups of hairs occur (Fig. 9 c); the hairs are about 10 p,
thick at the base and composed of cells longer than broad; their growth-zone
lies a little below the surface of the thallus and consists of quite short cells,
densely filled with protoplasm and chromatophores; thence the cells quickly
become long and colourless. At their base the hairs are covered by a single
or some few sheaths.
Unilocular sporangia were not present.
On the other hand I have found some structures (Fig. 9 d) in the upper
end of the filaments, similar to those observed by Mme. WEBER who regards
them to be plurilocular sporangia. In my material they were not so regularly
divided as in the Indian plant. They very much reminded of those found by
me in Ralfsta expansa.’ In spite of a diligent search I have not succeeded
in finding emptied plurilocular sporangia, but nevertheless I feel convinced that
we have to do with such organs.
By reason of the thick walls in MWesospora Schmidt a bursting of the
wall takes place at the formation of the plurilocular sporangia as is easily seen
in the drawings of Mme. WEBER, in our plant with its thin walls such a
bursting is not visible.
The cells contain an irregularly lobed and bent plate-like chromatophore
in which a single or two refractive pyrenoid-like bodies are present. In one
of the specimens, sometimes in almost every filament, a cell with homogeneous,
yellow brown contents was found.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Ralfsia Berk.
R. expansa J. Ag.
AGARDH, J., Spec. Alg., vol. 1, p. 63. BORGESEN, F., ‘Two crustaceous brown
algae from the Danish West Indies (Nuova Notarisia, Serie 23, 1912, p. 123).
The specimens found are not quite typically developed and I have hesitated
to decide whether they are most naturally referable to R. verrucosa or to RX. expansa.
It must be remembered that REINKE, in »Algenfloray p. 48, mentions that he
has found a marked bilaterality in specimens of A. verrucosa from Cherbourg.
Now, a transverse section of one of the specimens found mostly showed
no bilaterality at all while in the other specimen contained in the collection
this character vas better developed, being often in good accordance with the
figure of Mme. WEBER. As compared with my West Indian specimens the
Pacific ones had upon the whole a much thinner thallus.
In one of the specimens unilocular sporangia were present; they were
about 24 u. broad and 65 » long, in shape and size approaching those I have
found in specimens from St. Thomas (I. c. fig. 2a). At the base of the spo-
rangia a small cell was present just as in the West Indian plant; as I have
‘ Compare my figure 148c in »Marine Algae of the D. W. I», vol. I, p 1gt.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 261
pointed out (I. c.) this pedicel is not mentioned in the description of KUCKUCK !
nor figured in REINKE's Atlas, pl. 5—6; but it is present in HARVEY’s figure
in »Phycologia Brit.», pl. 98; this character is, perhaps, not a reliable one.
Area of distribution: West Indies, Malayan Archipelago, Easter Island.
o
Fam. Elachistaceae.
Elachista(?) spec. — Fig. ro,
On an old basal part of a Sargassum(?) a small brown alga was found
which might perhaps be referred to the genus L/achista as it shows a good
Fig. 10. “/achista(?) spec. Fragments with assimilatory filaments, mature and empty pluri-
locular sporangia; in b the basal part of a hair. C, 7%.
deal of likeness to Elachista rosariotdes and L. pusilla described by SKOTTS-
BERG in Bot. Ergebn. d. schwed. Exp. nach Patagonien und dem Feuerland,
1907-9, VIII. Marine Algae, 1. Phaeophyceae, p. 21— 23.
The plant forms small tufts. The basal part is endophytic, consisting of
thin-walled, more or less barrel-shaped cells, about 15 » wide and of almost
the same length.
From the basal part arise hairs, long assimilating filaments, and shorter
fertile branches.
The assimilating filaments are rather thin at their base, about 4—7 u.,
with cells up to 30 long. Upwards the thickness increases to about 12—-18 »;
at the same time the cells are proportionally shorter as they mostly keep the
1 Kuckuck, P., Bemerkungen zur marinen Algenvegetation von Helgoland, I, p. 244.
262 F. BORGESEN
same length as found in the thinner part of the filament. In the young yet
growing filaments the zone of cell division lies a little above their base, where
shorter cells with rich contents are observed. The cells contain a number of
roundish, oval, discformed chromatophores. The length of the vegetative fila-
ments is about 300 w. -
The fructiferous filaments are branched from their base and composed of very
irregular thin-walled cells. These cells are more or less pear-shaped, thin below
and broadly rounded above, where often several branches are given off. The
cells are about 8—12y. broad and 20. long. From the uppermost of these
cells the plurilocular sporangia arise. The sporangia are almost cylindrical,
uniseriate, about 8 y, thick and up to 200, generally 150». long. The remains
of empty sporangia are long preserved. When a sporangium is emptied a new
one is formed at the side of the other one, and one cell may often bear 5—6
or more emptied sporangia besides a sporiferous one.
Unilocular sporangia were not observed. Hairs occur, but were not common.
As mentioned above the present plant seems to show some likeness to the
Elachista-forms, described by SKOTTSBERG.’ Also the Easter Island plant is
more or less endophytic and shows no difference between assimilating filaments
and paraphyses, contrary to £. fucecola. Particularly it seems to agree with a
plant from Station 17 b of SKOTTSBERG (fig. 10 c) but differs by the narrower
sporangia and the more cylindrical vegetative cells. Further, the assimilating
filaments in the plant from the Easter Island are shorter.
It cannot be denied that the present plant shows a striking likeness to
Myriectis moniliformis (Fosl.) Kylin, and highly favours the supposition of
SKOTTSBERG that all these forms, even if they do not belong to one genus,
must be regarded as nearly related to each other.
Fam. Encoeliaceae.
Colpomenia Derb. et Sol.
C. sinuosa (Roth) Derb. et Sol.
Derpks, A., and A. I. I. SoLttrr, Mémoire sur quelques points de la Physio-
logie des Algues, p. 11 (here incorrectly called szwata); BORGrSEN, Mar. Algae of
the D. W. L, vol. I, p. 176. — Ulva sinuosa Roth, Catalecta Botanica, III, p. 327,
tab. XII.
Some few large specimens were present in the collection. They were
fertile with plurilocular sporangia in irregular groups scattered over the surface
of the thallus, as in the West Indian specimens. Still, there are some points
of difference. For instance, I have not been able to find any club-shaped para-
physes so nicely developed in the West Indian form (comp. my fig. 138) and
described by MITCHELL in MURRAY’s Phycological Memoirs, p. 53.
Further, according to MITCHELL and my own observations the plurilocular
sporangia are formed round the cryptostomata, while in the material from
i Professor SkorrsBErG kindly sent me some slides of these species so I have been able
to compare my plant with the authentic material.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 263
Ivaster Island the sori do not seem to be restricted to the vicinity of these but
are formed everywhere on the surface of the thallus. Otherwise, the Pacific
specimens agree very well with West Indian ones.
Area of distribution: Widely spread in all warmer seas.
Hydroclathrus Bory.
H. cancellatus Bory.
Bory, Dict. class. VII, p. 419. Harvey, Phycologia Australica, pl. 98; Nereis,
p. 120, tab. IX A. ‘THURET et Bornet, Etudes phycologiques, 1878, p. 12. Mut-
CHELL, M. in Murray, Phycol. Memoirs, p. 53.
The specimens found agree very well with West Indian plants. The
thallus consists of a medulla of large roundish-polygonal cells, and a small-
celled cortex. Where two strings of the network come into contact the epider-
mal cells grow out in a rhizoid-like fashion, uniting in this way different parts
of the net work of the thallus. Compare my fig. 139, |. c. The material was
sterile.
Area of distribution: Seems to occur in all warm seas.
Chnoospora J. Ag.
C. fastigiata J. Ag. var. pacifica J. Ag. —
igs T« 12)
AGarou, J... Spec: Alg:; vol. 1, 1348, p. 171. —
Chnoospora pacifica J. Ag., Nya alger fran Mexico (Ofvers.
K. Vetensk.-Akad. Férh., 1847, p. 7).
Some small specimens of a brown alga, richly
provided with cryptostomata, from which long hairs
protrude giving the plant a nearly moniliform appea-
rance, seem to be referable to the genus Chvoospora
as a small form of Chu. fastigiata var. pacifica.
The largest specimen was about 6 cm high,
the others 4 to 5. The plant is fastened to the
substratum by means of a rather large irregularly
shaped disc from which the erect shoots arise.
The ramification is mostly dichotomous, some-
times tri-polychotomous but rather irregular, with
the whole branch system more or less fastigiate,
even if a tendency to lie in the same plane is rather
obvious.
In the basal part the branches are about I mm a
thick, rarely more, higher up thinner. The thallus is a Figo tr. °Chnbdspora' fastiviata
little compressed, the transverse section being oval. J. Ag. Part of a plant, c. */:.
264 F. BORGESEN
Scattered over the whole surface there are cryptostomata, generally rather
shallow depressions, from the bottom of which hairs grow out to form rather
long and dense, brushlike tufts. The blunt summit of the thallus has no hair-
groups contrary to SKOTTSBERG’s Cladochroa.
A transverse section of the thallus (Fig. 12 d) exhibits a cortical layer of
oblong or short cylindrical cells, having nearly the same aspect on a longitudinal
section; the parenchymatic tissue inside consists of rather thickwalled cells,
oblong to subcylindrical in longitudinal, more spherical in transverse sections.
Ae
a
Fig. 12. Chnoospora fastigiata J. Ag. a Transverse section of the thallus with plurilocular
sporangia and hairs, c. #%/1; b longitudinal section of apex of a branch, c. */1; ¢ longitudinal
section of thallus, c. '4°/1; d transverse section of thallus, c. 1/1.
In the growth-point no marked top cell is present. As figure 12 b shows,
the longitudinal growth takes place by means of a series of cells at the apex
of the filaments, the lower part of these cells being gradually cut off.
The figure of the growth point in our plant is very like those of Scy/o-
thamnus australis and Cotlodesme bulligera (comp. OLTMANNS, Morphologie und
Biologie der Algen, vol. I, 1922, p. 62) as drawn by KUCKUCK and’ found
among his posthumous prepatory notes to the great work on the Phaeophyceae
that was never completed, much to the regret of all algologists. According
to OLTMANNS the notes of KUCKUCK regarding this matter are quite frag-
mentary.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 26
unl
As to the fructification this has been cleared up long ago by the late
Mrs. Gepe.' The plurilocular sporangia (Fig. 12 a) are formed around the
trichostomata; the surface cells grow out to cylindrical or somewhat clavate
bodies which are divided by transverse walls into small cells in which the
gametes are formed.
Area of distribution: Chnoospora fastigiata has been found in several
localities in the Pacific and on the coast of Venezuela in the Atlantic Ocean.
Fam. Sphacelariaceae.
Sphacelaria spec.
Only some few sterile filaments, even without propagula, were observed;
they cannot be determined.
Fam. Dictyotaceae.
Dictyopteris Lamx.
D. repens (Okamura). — Fig. 13.
Flaliseris repens Okamura, List of Marine Algae collected in Caroline and
Marianne Islands, 1915 (Bot. Magaz., vol. 30, 1916, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 7—18).
This pretty little plant was found creeping upon the base of Ga/axaura
paschalis and other algae. The specimens found seem to correspond very well
with the description of OKa-
MURA. The thallus consists
of two layers of cells except
in the midrib (Fig. 13 a); a
sclerenchymatic rib along the
margin of the thallus, as found
in D. delicatula, is not present
here. Besides this difference
it further differs from the West
Indian plant, to which it other-
wise shows a great resem-
Fig. 13. Déctyopteris repens (Okam.) Cross sections of
blance, by the fact that the thallus, a through the midrib, b through margin. c. 7/1.
hair-groups, well developed
and regularly scattered in the West Indian plant, are mostly wanting in the
Pacific one or, when present, poorly developed and placed without order.
Rhizoids like those in the W. I. plant are frequent; they grow out from
the midrib and from the margin of the thallus. The rhizoids have a long stalk
composed of cells about 100 ». long and 33 yu. broad being somewhat narrowed
at the cross walls. They end in a small coralliform disc.
Unfortunately all the material was sterile.
Area of distribution: Pacific Ocean
1 Barton, ETHEL S., On the fruit of Chnoospora fastigiata J: Ag. (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot.
vol. 33, 1897/3, p. 507, pl. 28).
266 F. BORGESEN
Zonaria Drapern.
Z. variegata (Lamx.) Mert. — Fig. 14.
MERTENS in Martius, Icones plant. cryptog , p. 6, tab. 11, fig. 11. RICHARDs,
H. M., Notes on Zonaria variegata Lamx. (Proc. of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and
Sciences, 1890). SauvaGcEau, C., Observations sur quelques Dictyot. et sur un
Aglaozonia nouveau (Bull. de la Station biol. d’Arcachon, 8 année, 1904—05).
Borcesen, F., Marine Alg. D. W. L, vol. I, p. 197. — Dzictyota variegata Lawx.,
Essai, p. 57, tab. V, figs. 7—9. Gymnosorus variegatus (Lamx.) J. Ag., Analecta
algol., cont. 1, ‘p. a,70s94- - -
The specimens collected agree very well with those from the West Indies.
They are 7—8 cm in diameter or even more; when dried they have a dark
nearly black-brown colour and their consistency is tough and rather stiff.
(QS)
SOO
=
au)
BOOSIE
SU
cs
Ss
Ge
eae)
Bac
Gams)
ES)
PPOs eT eeae)
i
tt
li
i
Gil
at
|
ui
Fig. 14. Zonaria variegata (Lamx.) Mert. a, b transverse sections, c. '7/1: a radial, b tangential;
c upper surface of thallus, seen from above, c. 7/1.
The thallus is about 150—200 y, thick. When examined from above the
epidermal cells are seen to be arranged very regularly in rows (Fig: 14.c): The
marginal rows consist of rather. long rectangular cells, but these cells become
soon divided by longitudinal and transverse walls-into smaller cells, each row
gradually getting composed. of from two to four rows of small cells. These
cells have rounded corners and are filled with chromatophores. Eo
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 207
The epidermal layer on the lower side of the thallus is also composed of
long rows of cells, but here the cells mostly remain undivided or they become
divided now and then by a longitudinal wall into two cells, and many of the
cells are not divided at all. The rows of rectangular cells, longer than broad,
are upon the whole much more distinct here than on the upper side.
Fig. 14a shows a radial transverse section of the thallus. The large cells
in the centre are about 60p high and 80, broad. On the upper side 3—4
or even more flat cells are cut of. The uppermost of these cells are divided
into smaller cells, forming the epidermal layer. From the lower side of the
large cells also 3—4 cells are cut off; the lowermost, especially the epidermal
ones, are again divided into smaller cells though fewer than in the epidermal
layer above.
A tangential section of the thallus (Fig. 14 b) shows that the width of. the
cells in each layer is only about half of that found in the radial section, and
the vertical walls are seen to be more or less distinctly undulated.
From the epidermal cells below numerous rhizoids grow out having the
same moniliform appearance as those in the West Indian plant, and terminated
by a coralliform disc. Scattered hairs occur in small groups on the upper side.
The specimens are sterile.
Ralfsia ceylanica Harv., described and figured by Mrs. GEpp', was later
regarded by Mrs. and Mr. GEpp? as a creeping form of Zouaria variegata,
After having seen the rather thick form from Easter Island, I feel inclined to
adopt this view. In an earlier paper® I referred it to Aglaozonia canartensis
Sauvag., which is, in several respects, very similar.
Area of distribution: Seems to occur in all warmer seas.
Z. crenata J. Ag.
J. AGaRDH, Till Algernes Systematik (Lunds Univers. Arsskr., I. IX, 1872, p. 48).
A single large specimen is contained in the collection. As expressed by
J. AGARDH (I. c.) this species takes an intermediar position between Zonarza
flava and Z. Turneriana, a view confirmed by the Easter Island specimen.
The specimen was sterile.
Area of distribution: West Australia, Malayan Archipelago etc.
Fam. Fucaceae.
Sargassum Ag.
S. nov. spec., to be described by L. G. SJOSTEDT in a separate paper.
Very common, forming extensive associations in the lower litoral region.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
_ ! Barron, E. S., List of Marine Algae collected at the Maldive and Laccadive Islands by
6 ey Gardiner (Journ. nn, Soc., Bot., vol. 35).
<< °2 Marine Algae and Marihe Phanerogams of the »Sealark» Expedition (Transactions ot
the Linnean Soc. of London, 2. Ser., Zool , vol. XII, part 4, 1909). :
.' 8 BORGESEN, F., Two eeustaceads eae algae from the Danish West Indies (Nuova
Notarisia, Serie 23, 1912).
268 F. BORGESEN
Rhodophyceae.
Fam. Bangiaceae.
Goniotrichum Kiitz.
G. elegans (Chauv.) Le Jolis.
Le Joris, Alg. mar. Cherb., p. 103. Rosenvince, L. Ko_pEruP, The marine
of Algae of Denmark, Part I, rg09, p.75, where literature, synonyms etc. are also quoted.
Of this species some smaller specimens are found growing epiphytic upon
Fler postphonia tenella.
The specimens seem to agree very well with the description and figures
of ROSENVINGE. In a few of the filaments several rows of cells occurred quite
in accordance with the figures D. and E. of this author.
Area of distribution: Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Maroc, West Indies,
Peru, Easter Island.
Erythrotrichia Areschoug.
E. carnea (Dillw.) J. Ag.
J. Acarpu, ‘Till Algernes Systematik, VI, Ulvaceae (Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, vol.
XIX, 1883, p. 15). Rosenvince, Mar. Algae of Denmark, part 1, 1909, p. 67. —
Conferva carnea Dillwyn, Brit. Conf., 1809, pl. 84. Conferva ceramicola l.yngb.,
Hydrophytol., 1819, p. 144, pl. 48 D. 4angia ceramicola Chauvin, Recherch. sur
Vorg. de plus. genr. d’Algues, Caen 1842, p. 29—30; Harvey, Phycol. Brit., pl. 317.
Erythrotrichia ceramicola Aresch., Phyc. Scand., 1850, p. 210; Le Jouis, Alg. mar.
Cherb., 1880, p. 103, pl. 3, figs. 1—2; BeERTHOLD, G., Die Bangiaceen des.Golfes
von Neapel, 1882, p. 25.
Some small specimens are found epiphytic on Fanza teneWla and Callitham-
nition paschale. The plants seem to be in good accordance with the description
of ROSENVINGE, |. c. The filaments are about 24 p thick. Their base was
quite like the figure of ROSENVINGE (I. c. fig. 8). The cells were mostly rather
short, rarely longer than wide.
The spore-formation takes place in the well-known manner by means of
an oblique wall at the upper end of the cells.
Area of distribution: Atlantic coast of Europe and North America,
Mediterranean Sea, Maroc, West Indies, West coast of North America etc.
Erythrocladia Rosenv.
E. subintegra Rosenv.
ROSENVINGE, L. KoLpERUpP, The marine Algae of Denmark, Part I, tg09, p. 73.
Specimens quite like ROSENVINGE’s figure of older plants and young ones
like those I have figured (Marine Algae of D. W. L, vol. II, p. 7—9, fig. 3 a, b)
were found on Cladophora spec., mentioned above, p. 249.
Area of distribution: Denmark, West Indies, etc. Most probably widely
spread.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 269
E. vagans nov. spec. — Fig. 15.
Thallus divaricatus in superficie corticis hospitis (Cyworzella spec.) vage
circumrepens, e filamentis irtegulariter ramosis compositus,
Ramificatio aut alterna aut secunda, longa parte filamentorum nuda.
Cellulis aut cylindricis, ca. 4—5 latis et 30 uw vel ultra longis, aut magis
irregulariter formatis, curvatis sinu-
osis, raro furcatis.
Chromatophora _ parietalia lo-
bata.
Sporangia fere rotundata, ca.
4p. lata.
The plant (Fig. 15) described
here was found ona sterile crust of
a Cruoriella. It creeps divaricately
in the thick epidermal walls of the
host forming, when systems of
branches from different plants meet,
a more or less dense network above
the cells of the host.
The filaments are irregularly
ramified sending out a side branch
now and then at both sides (Fig.
15 c). The branches are sometimes
alternate, sometimes more secund;
often a branch is borne by every
cell in the filament, often, too, long
series of cells are destitute of
branches. The filaments have apical
growth; when the apical cell has
reached some length it is divided
by a transverse wall into two cells.
The cells sometimes are quite
or almost cylindrical, about 4—5 u.
broad and often more than 30u
long, but oftener very irregular in
shape, curved, sinuated, even sub- Fig. 15. Erythrocladia vagans nov. spec. a and b
furcate. In the cells a well developed pee one ete — ee pee Den ca a
ments with sporangia, c. 49/1.
parietal, lobed chromatophore is
present, now and then leaving a space free; no pyrenoids were observed with
certainty.
The sporangia (Fig. 15 c,d,e) are cut off from the vegetative cells by
means of an oblique curved wall, in accordance with the description of ROSEN-
VINGE. As the figure shows, the formation of the sporangia takes place both
in the apical cell and in the intercalary cells; in one case the outgrowth of a
sinuated cell had become transformed into a sporangium (Fig. 15 d). The
spores are roundish, or somewhat flattened on one side and measure about 4 p.
270 F. BORGESEN
in diameter; the colour is denser and more deeply red than in the sterile cells,
and no chromatophore could be distinguished.
The dried plant has a fine rose colour.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
E. Laurenciae nov. spec. — Fig. 16.
Thallus suborbicularis, e filamentis irregulariter radiantibus et ramosis
compositus, in circuitu thalli inter se liberis, in media parte plus minus con-
natis. Ramificatio aut alterna, aut secunda sat irregularis.
Cellulae oblongae-subcylindricae, 4—5 p. latae et 8—10—12 p. longae.
Fig. 16. Exrythrocladia Laurenciae nov. spec. Parts of thallus; in a the tissue-of the host is
visible, mC seo a
In the thick epidermal walls of Lawrencia claviformz7s another representative
of the genus L7ythrocladia was found.
The plant has long ramose filaments with apical growth and these fila-
ments radiate from the centre in all directions covering a more or less extensive
area, probably as much as I mm across.
The ramification is rather irregular, lateral or alternate. In some specimens
it happens that the alternate branching is so regular that the branch with its
branchlets gets a pennate appearance. In the centre of the plant the filaments
gradually combine to form a more or less coherent layer (Fig. 16 a).
The cells are oblong-subcylindrical, often a little curved so that the fila-
ments get sinuated; cells 4—5 4. wide and generally 2—2'/2 times as long.
In the older parts of the thallus the cells get proportionally shorter. and thicker,
8—10 yp. wide and about as long or a little more. They contain an irregularly
lobed parietal chromatophore with one or sometimes two pyrenoids.
In some instances a roundish cell were found cut off from mother cell
by an oblique wall. Such cells having more dense and homogeneous contents
MARINE ALGAE FROM. EASTER ISLAND 271
than the vegetative cells I regard them as asexual sporangia. They are about
5p in diameter.
E. Laurenciae comes near the preceding one but differs by its shorter and
proportionally thicker cells, by its richer ramification and by the development
of a coherent layer in the centre of the thallus.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fam. Helminthocladiaceae.
Acrochaetium Naeg.
A. (Chantransia) moniliforme Rosenv. — Fig. 17 a.
ROSENVINGE, L. Ko tperup, Mar. Algae of Denmark, Part I, p. 99.
The enormous distance between Easter Island and the original locality
certainly aroused some doubt as to the identity; still, the few specimens observed
seem to answer so well to the description and figures of ROSENVINGE that it
seems natural to bring them to his species.
From the basal spore, that does not differ much from other cells, several
filaments arise. The cells are swollen in their middle, about 10—11 p, long and
8—gp wide. In one of the plants a long hair was found. The cell contents
was very dense; the pyrenoids situated a little above the centre of the cells
suggest a stellate chromatophore.
The plants are epiphytic on Daectyopteris repens.
Regarding the affinities between this species and Acrochaetium catenulainn
Howe! or A. crassifes Borgs.?, compare HOWE’s and my own remarks Il, cc.
Area of distribution: Denmark, Easter Island.
A, discoideum nov. spec. — Fig. 17 b—d.
Thallus epiphyticus, caespitosus, usque ad 300 p, altus. Pars basalis disci-
formis, unistratosa substrato (9: foliis Savgassz) firme adhaerens, e filis repentibus
ramosis, initio inter se discretis, postea plus minus confluentibus constructa.
Cellulae filorum repentium irregulariter curvatae aut plus minus tumidae,
lat. 3—4 », long. g—12 py, diametro triplo fere longiores.
Fila erecta, e disco basali orta, simplicia, stricta, usque ad 200—300 y. et
ultra alta, superne gradatim in pseudopila transformata, e cellulis cylidricis ca.
6—8 ». latis et (in parte basali) ca. 15 y. longis composita.
Sporangia oblonge-ovata aut in disco sessilia aut pedicellata, ca. 11—13 p.
longa et 6—8 y. lata.
This species was found on a leaf of a dried specimen of Sargassum, whose
surface it nearly covers. The basal layer spreads widely over the surface of
the substratum to which it is firmly attached. A single plant may reach more
1 Howe, M. A., Mar. Algae of Peru, p. 84.
2 BorGESEN, F., Marine Algae of the D. W. I., vol. II, p. 20.
272 F. BORGESEN
than !/2 mm in diameter, perhaps even more, but it is difficult to tell the exact
size as the plants gradually get fused together. .
The basal layer is composed of irregularly ramose filaments which are
free at the margin, otherwise forming a monostromatic disc. The disc cells
measure 3—4 . across and 9-12». in length; often they are curved and bent.
From this basal layer erect long assimilating filaments and sporangia
arise.
The assimilating filaments are simple, straight and composed of cells about
6—8y, wide and 15». long in the lower part; upwards the cells grow longer
Fig. 17. a Acrochaetium moniliforme Rosenv., a single plant with sporangia (two emptied) and
a hair, c. 1. b—d A. discoideum nov. spec.: b, ¢ sections through plants, in ¢ the superficial
cells of the host; d part of horizontal disc; all c. 4/1.
and become almost colourless. The assimilating filaments attain a length of
about 200—300 1...
The sporangia are sometimes sessile, sometimes pedicellate. They are
oblong-ovate, about 11—13 » long and 6—8 » across.
Regarding the cell contents this was in a bad condition, the material
having been dried, but the chromatophore seems to be parietal with a parietal
pyrenoid.
This species must be compared with Chantransia leptonema and Ch. re-
ducta of ROSENVINGE, both exhibiting about the same mode of growth but
differing materially in other respects from A. dzscordeum.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 2
~
Ww
A. Ralfsiae nov. spec. — Fig. 18, Io.
Thallus caespitulosus, '/2—1 mm altus, e filis endophyticis robustioribus
moniliformibus et filis erectis liberis tenuioribus compositus.
Fila endophytica inter assimilatores hospitis (Rad/siae expansae) immersa,
ramosa, plus minus aggregata, e cellulis subglobosis-ovalibus, long. 20—22 p,
lat. 16—20 », composita.
Fila libera erecta versus apicem gradatim attenuata, e cellulis cylindricis,
7 p. latis et 18—20—27 py. longis composita, statim a basi sparse et irregulariter
ramosa. Rami aut longiores pluricellulares, aut unicellulares sporangiferi.
Sporangia oblonge-lanceolata, g—12. lata et 17—20 y, longa.
SS SS
1)
OSG
TCH
PO865
big. 18. <Acrochaetium Ralfsiae nov. spec. Basal parts, in a immersed into the tissue of the
hostee G2 eo re
On a dried specimen of Ralfsia expansa this Acrochaeltium was growing
in great numbers, having a vigorously developed basal part of the thallus im-
bedded in the tissue of the host plant.
This endophytic basal part (Fig. 18a and 19a) consists of large cells
mostly as long as broad or a little longer; their diameter is 20 p.; they are
often swollen in the middle, the endophytic filaments thereby getting a monili-
form appearance. The cell wall is very thick. The filaments are as a rule
vertically arranged, the branches growing out at acute angles and more or less
parallel with each other, but often also somewhat bent, finally forming a bundle
in the tissue of the host. Arrived at the surface or a little above the fila-
ments quickly decrease in size at the same time generally developing a few
side branches. .
The filaments in the free part of the plant are about 7 u. thick and the
cells 20—27 4, long. The filaments now and then carry a side-branch, but as
a rule they are not much branched. The branches are sometimes seriate but
mostly without any order. Some of the branches may grow out to long filaments
18 — 2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
F. BORGESEN
iS)
ba |
b
(\ like the mother filament, but most
of them remain short consisting
of a single cell with a terminal
sporangiuni.
The sporangia are oblong-
lanceolate, 9—12 u thick and
17—20 ps. long.
The filaments taper a little
toward their summit; most of
them end in a broadly rounded
cell, but some are narrowed
into a pseudo-hair-like cell,
which is 40—50u long or even
longer and only 1 thick near
the tip.
The length of the whole
plant is about 7/2—1 mm.
The cells contain a well de-
veloped parietal chromatophore
with a large parietal pyrenoid.
By its more or less den-
sely clustered endophytic fila-
ments the West Indian Acr. pha-
celorhizum reminds somewhat of
this species, but in all other
respects it differs widely.
Fig. 19. Acrochaetium Ralfsiae nov. spec. a plants Area of distribution: En-
with sporangia, c. 7°%/1; b a branch, c. 9/1. demic.
Fam. Chaetangiaceae.
Galaxaura J. Ag.
Sectio I. Rhodura Kjellm.
G. collabens J. Ag. — Fig. 20.
J. Acarpu, Till Algernes Systematik, VU, p. 74. Kyettman, F. R., Om Florideé-
Slagtet Galaxaura, p. 46.
Some rather large specimens (Fig. 20a), 6—7 cm high, densely covered
with short assimilating filaments are referable to this species as being in good
accordance with the description of KJELLMAN.
The assimilating filaments are evenly distributed over the surface of the
thallus. The plant is irregularly subdichotomously ramified, the joints being
of rather variable length, 1—1+/2 cm long or more, sometimes as much as
3 cm long acc. to KJELLMAN. The thallus is terete, often a little thickened
toward the apex, the uppermost joints becoming slightly clavate.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 27
ut
The plant is richly incrusted with lime; in the dried specimens the branch
ends collapse.
The colour of the dried plant is a dark red-brown.
The short assimilating filaments usually consist of 3 cells, but 4 cells are
not uncommon: compare Fig. 20b, a character to which KJELLMAN attaches
much importance. The basal cells in the filaments are spherical, about 50 uy.
across, or a little longer than broad; the following cells gradually decrease to
about 20 u..
In the long assimilating filaments the basal cells have nearly the same
size as those in the short filaments; in the cylindrical part the cells are about
16. thick and 1'/2—2 times as long, and slightly constricted at the cross walls.
Fig. 20. Galaxaura collabens J. Ag. a part of specimen, c. 7/1; b assimilating filaments with
i tetrasporangia, c. 13%/1.
The plant is tetrasporic. The tetrasporangia (Fig. 20 b) are mostly terminal
on the long assimilating filaments; but now and then lateral occur, developed
from the subterminal cells. The tetrasporangium is nearly spherical in shape,
its diameter being 32 u..
Most likely this plant is the tetrasporic form of the following one.
Area of distribution: West Australia, Easter Island.
Sectio II. Microthoé Decne, J. Ag.
G. spec. — Fig. 21, 22.
A rather large form, about 10 cm high, forming a rounded, but rather
open bush.
From the broad basal disc a great number of branches arise. They are
irregularly subdichotomously divided with joints of very variable length. The
Fig. 21.
F. BORGESEN
Galaxaura spec., part of specimen, c. 1.5/1.
plant is strongly incrusted with lime. The thallus is terete and the surface is in
parts nearly glabrous, but mostly covered by short stiff reddish assimilating
filaments scattered evenly and densely over the surface, no annulation being visible.
The colour of the dried plant is when denudate a greyish-green while the
Bige 22.
Galaxaura spec. (same as in fig. 21).
Cross section of thallus showing short assimilat-
ing filaments, c. 29/1.
parts covered with assimilating fila-
ments have a sordid red-brown tinge.
In the spirit material the whole thallus
is, as said above, terete while in the
dried material the youngest parts col-
lapse.
The transverse section shows that
the medullary tissue consists of thick-
walled filaments more or less subdicho-
tomously branched and woven together.
Their diameter varies round 12», but
thinner and thicker ones are present.
Innermost the peripheric tissue
(Fig. 22) is composed of large roundish
or irregularly lobed cells, carrying quite
short, often dichotomously branched
filaments of 2—3 cells. The lower cells
of these branches are larger and about
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 277
spherical, while the peripheric ones are short, more or less triangular in trans-
verse section, seen from above 5—7-angled and densely united. Now and then
short assimilating filaments grow out from the peripheral cells. These filaments
reach a length of about 250; they are composed of 7—10~—15 cells, 25— 30 wv.
long and about 16—18 p. thick.
In one of the dried specimens cystocarps were present, what agrees with
Howe's statement that all forms belonging to the group J/7crothoé are either
antheridial or cystocarpic, while the corresponding tetrasporic plant is to be
found in the group Rhodura.
Therefore it is highly probable that this plant ts nothing else than the
sexual form of the preceding Species.
Sectio II]. Brachycladia Sonder.
G. paschalis nov. spec. — Fig. 23—25.
Galaxaura frutescens, 5—6 cm alta e ra-
mis erectis, teretibusque a disco basali ortis
composita. Rami in parte basali subnudi dein
filis assimilatoribus longis distincte in verti-
cillas ca. 5 mm latas dispositis instructi, su-
perne subglabri, subdichotome ramosi, art-
culati, articulis longitudine variabili 5—8 mm
longis.
In parte basali ramorum axis centralis
e filamentis irregulariter ramosis et inter se
contextis composita exstat; tela peripherica e
filis aut longis aut brevibus constructa; fila
longa cylindrica e cellulis 24 y. crassis et 80 p.
longis composita, fila brevia e 3—6 cellulis
basalibus majoribus oblongis versus apicem
minoribus et subsphaericis constructa; in su-
periori parte ramorum tela peripherica e cel-
lulis oblongo-subcylindricis formata est.
This plant belongs to the group Lrachy-
cladia of KJELLMAN. Fig. 23 represents part
of the thallus.
The erect shoots arise from a broad basal
disc and reach a heigth of about 5—6 cm.
Just as in the other species of this group, the
lower and upper parts of the thallus are
different as regards both outer appearance
and anatomical structure.
The lower stemlike portion is 11/2-—2 cm
high in our species; it is ornated with long Fig. 23. Galaxaura paschalis nov. pec.,
hairs nicely arranged in discriminate whorls; part of specimen, c. °/1.
278 F. BORGESEN
the upper, well developed whorls are often more than 5 mm broad; downwards
the hairs gradually die away and fall off.
This basal part, always unbranched it appears, bears the glabrous repeatedly
subdichotomous upper part of the thallus. It is terete and jointed, with joints
of varying length, from 5 to 8 mm. At the summit and also at the ends of
the joints now and then a more or less well developed whorl of hairs is present.
la
bs
Fig. 24. Galaxaura paschalis nov. spec. a—b fragments of thallus with short (a, c. 1%%/1) and
long (b, c. 15/1) assimilating filaments; ¢ cross section in the upper part of a branch, c. 7°%/1.
The anatomy of the basal part (Fig. 24 a, b) reminds very much of what
we find in the group Rhodura. The whorls consist of long assimilating fila-
ments with shorter ones intermingled. The short assimilating filaments (Figs.
24a, 25) are composed of 3—4 or more roundish oval cells; the uppermost are
smallest, almost spherical or a little longer than broad, about 20—25 y. thick,
the lowermost oblong and much larger, up to 60». thick. The long assimilating
filaments (Fig. 24 b) have basal cells of nearly the same shape as those found
in the short ones; the cylindrical part consists of cells about 24 » thick and
80 p. long. They have rather thick walls and are only very little narrowed at
the cross walls.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 279
The stem portions between the hair whorls consist of short assimilating
filaments only. In the uppermost glabrous part of the thallus the structure of
the peripheric tissue is quite different (Fig. 24 c). It is composed of oblong-
subcylindrical cells, about 60 p. long and 24 yp. broad and closely packed together.
The tissue in the interior of the whole thallus is composed of long irregularly
bent subdichotomous filaments woven together.
Of species with terete thallus only one, G. /ev/a, is listed by KJELLMAN
in his work of Galaxaura. The present species is quite different. With regard
to the basal part our plant looks rather like G. avdorea Kjellm., but in other
respects this species differs greatly from the present one.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fig. 25. Galaxaura paschalis nov. spec. Short and long assimilating filaments, c. 1/1.
Fam. Gelidiaceae.
Gelidium Lamour.
G. pusillum (Stackh.) Le Jolis. — Fig. 26.
Le Joris, Liste, p. 139. — Geledium repens Okamura in Bot. Mag., vol. 13,
T8090, ps 75 ple LE, . figs: =5——38-
This small plant, well known from the coast of Europe, has been found
by OKAMURA at the coasts of Japan and Australia and was at first regarded
by him as a new species. But in a later paper: List of marine Algae collected
in Caroline Islands and Australia (Bot. Mag., vol. 18, 1904, p. 86-87) OKAMURA
rightly referred his species to G. puszl/um.
Quite as is the case with the plant of OKAMURA the plant from the Easter
280 ¥. BORGESEN
Island is most like the form called
Acrocarpus pusillus by KUTZING in
his »Tabule», vol. 18, pl. 37, and not
Acrocarpus pulvinatus. The Easter
Island specimen grew on a small shell
and was two—three mm high. The
creeping rhizome-like part of the thallus
was terete and about 11 ». thick. Is was
firmly attached to the substratum by
means of vigorous rhizoids deeply sunk
into the shell. Opposite the rhizoids,
from the upper side of the rhizome, erect
leaf-like shoots grow out, at first single,
later often more or less cespitose.
Fig. 26. Gelidium pusillum (Stackh.) Le Jol. Part : é P :
of a plant; most of the rhizoids are broken, c. 1°/1. Tetrasporangia are formed in the
tips of the leaf-like branches.
The Easter Island plant certainly comes very near var. conchicola Piccone
and Grunow, Algol. Eritrea (N. Giorn. Bot. Ital., vol. 16, 1884, p. 316); comp.
OKAMURA, List of Mar. Algae collected in the Caroline and Marianne Islands
(Bot. Mag., vol. 30, 1916, p. 9, fig. 6). It also resembles var. wzzuscula Weber
van Bosse, Alg. Siboga, p. 226.
Area of distribution: Atlantic and Mediterranean coast of Europe, Maroc,
Japan, Australia, Easter Island.
Caulacanthus Kiitz.
C. spinellus (Hook. f. et Harv.) Kiitz. — Figs. 27, 28.
Ktrzinc, Species Alg., p. 753. — hodomela? spinella Hook. f. et Harv.;
Hooker, J. D. and W. H. Harvey, Algae Novae Zelandiae (The London Journal
of Botany, vol. IV, 1845, p. 534).
A few sterile fragments of an irregularly ramified filamentous alga belong
I think to this species. The branches, arranged without any order at all are
sometimes short, spine-like, sometimes prolonged.
The thallus grows by means of an oblique top cell from which a tissue
is formed consisting of a central row of cylindrical cells, encircled by some
smaller ones which again gradually pass into a cortical layer of small cells.
On a longitudinal section the cells of the central tube measure about 25— 40 u.
across and 100—150y. in length, according to the strength of the axis. These
large cells contain bundles of raphides. The cells next to these are also rather
long about twice their own width; the following are shorter and shorter, as we
proceed toward the surface.
The thallus is from 150 .—200, thick. It is fixed to the substratum by
means of small discs growing out everywhere from the surface of the thallus
and composed of a bundle of rhizoids. By means of such discs also branches
of the same individual get united. In this respect it quite agrees with Waurde-
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 281
Fig. 27. Caulacanthus spinellus Fig. 28. Caulacanthus spinellus (Hook. f. et Harv.) Kitz.
(Hook. f. et Harv.) Kitz. Part of a longitudinal (c. 7°°/:) and b transverse section of thallus
specimen, c. 1%/1. (779s) ric apex, ¢. “2/4.
mannia setacea to which it bears a considerable external resemblance; the
anatomy is, however, essentially different.’
Caulacanthus indicus Weber v. Bosse is a much larger plant, the thallus
being 1—2 mm broad; in its outer habit it seems quite to agree with the
present plant, having the same antler-like ramification and the same discs by
means of which it attaches itself to other algae etc.
Area of distribution: New Zealand, Easter Island.
Fam. Rhizophyllidaceae.
Rhizophyllis Kitz.
Rh. pacifica nov. spec. — Fig. 29—3I.
Thallus crusteformis, membranaceo-corneus, margine irregulariter lobato,
lobis anastomosantibus, rhizoideis perlongis numerosis ex parte thalli deorsum
vergente natis adfixus. .
Thallus dorsiventralis, e stratis duobus compositus, stratum superius corti-
cale e cellulis 2—3 minoribus constat in filamenta ordinatis; inter ea glandulae
majores sparsae sunt.
1 Compare my figures in Mar. Alg. D. W. L, vol. H, p. 369.
F. BORGESEN
is)
~
bo
pope Stratum inferius crassius parenchymaticum
Se 2 e cellulis rotundatis majoribus et minoribus inter
Ja oA d se mixtis formatum est; hic illic cellulae majores
in series ordinatae occurrunt.
a |
S§ ge Tetrasporangia in nemathecia explanata e
3 ® , ‘ } = 5 A 5 . .
"ie \ cellulis corticalibus orta, irregulariter zonatim
( se | divisa.
ee | On a piece of a Lithothamnion a small frag-
ment (scarcely more than '/2 square cm) of a
Fig. 29. Rhizophyllis pacifica nov. Cfustaceous alga was found, which I refer with
spec., part of plant, c. !/1. some hesitation to the genus Rizzophyliis.
It forms an irregularly lobed crust about
250, thick, the lobes overlapping each other. The surface is uneven, some-
what crispate (Fig. 29). It is easily detached from the substratum, to which it
is fastened by means of numerous rhizoids; these rhizoids grow out everywhere,
not only from the lower surface, but also from the margin.
The concistency of the thallus is fleshy-cartilaginous. No incrustation of
lime is found.
Fig. 29 shows a piece of the thallus with the margin; the numerous small
lobes more or less overlapping each other and at last fused together are
clearly shown.
The thallus has a distinct dorsiventral structure (Fig. 30, 31). It seems
to increase in size by marginal divisions, performed by all the cells of the
margin (Fig. 31 d); in any case no distinct top-cell was observed in the material
at hand. Fig. 31d illustrates the margin. It is seen that the cells near the
margin are mostly arranged in rows; sometimes these rows are nearly parallel,
sometimes diverging. The cells are smallest at the periphery. Generally they
are cut off by cross walls parallel to the periphery, but sometimes, too, by
oblique walls. All the cells are
rather uniformly developed and
have tick walls, giving the impres-
sion that the growth has ceased
for the present.
A transverse section of the
thallus (Fig. 30) shows a cortical
layer above and a thick paren-
chymatic tissue below. The latter
consists of roundish cells of very
different size, up to c. 40u. or
more in diameter; the cells are
largest in the middle, smaller up-
wards and downwards, they have
thick walls and contain much
starch, especially in the upper
part of the tissue.
: In the parenchymatic tissue Fig. 30. Rhizophyllis pacifica nov. spec. Cross section
in the central part of the thallus with a tetrasporangium sorus and a gland-cell. C. 2/1.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 283
long rows of large cells are present (Fig. 31a); they are bent here and there
and their occurrence seems upon the whole to be rather accidental, parts of the
thallus being quite destitute of such cell-rows. They are formed by large,
subcylindrical to barrelshaped, thick-walled cells, about 100 py. long and 65 p.
across. In the scarce material I have not been able to follow them to the
margin or to explain how they are formed. In the description of RAzzophyllis
in ENGLER & PRANTL, Natiirl. Planzenfam., I. Teil, VI. Abt., p. 531, the mid-rib
is described as follows: »der Bauchseite genahert verlauft in der Thallusmitte
eine gegliederte Centralachse, 2-zeilig alternierend in die Zahne und Lappen
des Thallusrandes hinein verzweigt>. If we compare this description with that
Fig. 31. Rhizophyllis pacifica nov. spec. a—c transverse sections of thallus; d marginal portion
e cross section of margin. ac. 9/1, b,c /1, d 1/1, e 77/1.
given above, there is a considerable difference, as I have not observed any
branches from the tube of the long cells, nor is it arranged in such a way
that it can be called a »Centralachse».
The parenchymatic tissue gradually passes into the cortical layer above.
The latter is composed of small rounded cells arranged close together in short
rows of 2—3 cells which become smaller toward the surface. Seen from above
they form a very dense epidermal layer composed of quite small cells, only
4—5y. in diameter and with very thick walls. The epidermal cells of the
lower surface are larger, polygonal and c. 40—50 wu. across.
Scattered in the cortical layer we finally come across the large characteristic
gland-cells (Fig. 30). They are oval-pyriform, often even somewhat lageniform,
c. 35». wide and 75 » long, with their broadly rounded base sunk deep down
into the parenchymatic tissue, penetrating with their attenuated summit between
the cortical cells to just below the upper surface of thallus, leaving a small
284 F. BORGESEN
porus open above their mouth-like upper end. When the thallus is seen from
above the gland cells are easily observable as'clear bodies between the dark
cortical cells. They are uniformly scattered over the thallus, and contain a clear
mucilage.
The tetrasporangia (Figs. 30, 31) are formed in large sori-on the surface
of the thallus. The sporangia are elongate-ovoid, often slightly tapering toward
the base, and transversly divided by oblique, often somewhat curved walls into
four spores. The sporangia measure c. 40 X 17 w..
As the plant was preserved in alcohol, nothing is known about the colour
in a fresh stete.
Neither cystocarps nor antheridia were found.
According to the descriptions of SCHMITZ, HAUCK and DE TONI and to
my observations on dried material, X/. Sguamariae bears considerable resemblance
to the new species in its anatomical structure. On the other hand, characters
like the irregular crust-shaped thallus, the (presumably) marginal growth etc.
remove Kh. pacifica from the Mediterranean species. The generic position of
the former remains uncertain as long as we have not seen a more complete
material, including sexual plants.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fam. Squamariaceae.
By Mme. Dr. A. WEBER VAN BOSSE.
Cruoriopsis Duf.
C. de Zwaanii Web. v. B.
WEBER VAN Bossk, Liste des Algues du Siboga, Rhodophyceae, prem. partie
LOZ, sp 14207.
In all essential points the alga of Easter Island resembles Cr. de Zwaaniz,
but I have seen only tetrasporic plants. It may be that plants bearing cystocarps
are different from Cy. de Zwaanit.
Area of distribution: Island Nias, west coast of Sumatra, Easter Island.
Ethelia W. v. B.
E. pacifica nov. spec.
Thallo substrato affixo, + 3004. crasso, constante e mesothallo et peri-
thallo superiore et inferiore. Mesothallo constante e filamentis ramosis, flabelli-
formibus. Perithallo superiore constante e filamentis obliquis in parte basal,
terminatis in partem superiorem satis latam erectam. Perithallo inferiore solum
filamentis obliquis munito, quorum pluria exeunt in rhizoidea.
Cellulis perithalli superioris + 3—6 yp. latis et 8—9 yp. altis, cellulis perithalli
inferioris 5—9 pv. latis et 18, altis. Organis fructificationis non visis.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 285
Thallus adhering firmly to the substratum + 300 y, thick, consisting of a
mesothallus and a perithallus superior and inferior. Mesothallus consisting of
flabella-like branched filaments. Perithallus superior consisting of oblique fila-
ments in the basal part, ending in a pretty broad straight upper part.
Perithallus inferior having only oblique filaments, many of these running
out in rhizoids.
Cells of perithallus superior + 3--6y broad and 8—g vp. high. Cells of
perithallus inferior 5—9 uy. broad and 18 yp. high.
Organs of fructification not observed.
As long as the organs of fructification are unknown it will remain doubtful
whether an alga, with a midlayer of cells giving off ascending and descending
filaments, is a representative of the genus L¢/elia (the type of whichis £. /os-
fiev) or a representative of the genera Cruoriclla or Peyssonnela and differing
from the types of these genera no more than Aalfsza deusta differs from Ralfsia
clavata.. Ethelia Fosltet has a mesotballus with an extremely well defined
perithallus superior and inferior and nemathecia with paraphyses that have top-
cells adhering together and covering almost the tetrasporangium in a young
state. The new alga from Easter Island does not give any light on this matter
as none of my many slides showed signs of fructification. Its anatomical
structure mostly resembles Ethelia (Peyssonnelia) biradiata from the Indian Ocean,
It differs from this alga by its mode of growth, for /. facifica adheres firmly
to the substratum whereas “£. dzvadiata may be very easily detached and seems
even here and there to lie loose on the substratum while growing. The thallus
of £. pacifica adheres so firmly that I found it impossible to make a good
slide through the thallus, unless I cut the substratum at the same time. The
decalcifying of the substratum, consisting mostly of worm tubes, required much
time as the tubes were of different consistence. The use of various acids had also a
destructive influence on the contents of the cells and propitiated the swelling of the
membranes, circumstances that were unfavourable to the making of good slides.
Another difference between the two algae lies in the size of the filaments.
The ascending filaments of /. d¢radiata are + 8». broad and are 2—3 times
as high as broad. Those of £. pacifica are broad 3—6y, and 8—gu. high.
The filaments of the perithallus inferior are in both algae longer and broader
than the ascending filaments. The colour was gone in the specimens of £.
pactfica that I had for examination. £&. dzradiata has a bright red colour.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fam. -Corallinaceae,
Melobesicaec, par Mme PAUL LEMOINE.
M. SKOTTSBERG a recueilli quelques espéces intéressantes dans cette ile
isolée d’ou jusqu’ici non ne connaissait que deux especes: Porolithon onkodes
(Heyd.) Fosl. et Porolithon praetextatum Fosl.; il a dailleurs retrouvé la premicre
de ces deux especes, associée a d’autres espéces pacifiques littorales.
1 conf. ReEINKE, Algenflora der Westl. Ostsee deutschen Anteils, 1889, p. 48.
286 F. BORGESEN
Lithothamnion (Phil.) Fosl.
L. siamense Fosl. -— Fig. 32a.
M. Fosuiz in Flora of Koh Chang (Bot. Tidsskr. XXIV, 1901, p. 19 (non
f. simulans)); Id. in WEBER et Fosuiz, The Corallinaceae of Siboga Expedition, Siboga
Expeditie LXI, 1904, p-1o, fig. 3, Bl ie 1—o-
N’ayant jamais vu déchantillon de ZL. szamense j'ai quelque hésitation a
rapporter a cette espece un échantillon de I'Ile de Paques dont les caracteres
paraissent cependant coincider parfaitement avec la description de M. FOsLig;
cependant les figures I, 2 qui représentent le type de l’espece en donnent une
idée confuse.
L’échantillon de l’Ile de Paques mesure 2 a 3 cm; il est formé de lamelles
extremement minces (50 a 70y, d€paisseur apres décalcification) et fragiles, de
taille variable, irrégulicrement superposées et imbriquées de maniére a constituer
un complexe de crottes d’une épaisseur de 2 a 5 mm; ces lamelles, finement
stri¢es sur leur face inférieure, sont lisses sur leur face supérieure; la plupart
sont plus ou moins horizontales, mais souvent aussi elles sont contournées ou
recourbées, ou s’enroulent en forme de tiges creuses; elles donnent également
naissance a de petites excroissances; enfin on remarque aussi des lamelles
disposées verticalement.
Cet échantillon parait correspondre a une variété plus résistance que ceux
décrits par M. FOSLIE; cet auteur a en effet observé des crottes de 30 a 604
d’épaisseur seulement qui, en se superposant n’atteignaient que 300 pu. d’epaisseur.
Pour les autres caractéres sa description s’applique a |’échantillon en question,
et les divergences qu’on peut relever sont de faible importance.
Chacune des feuilles qui constitue l’échantillon, de I’Ile de Paques est
constituée par l’hypothalle et le périthalle; dans les Jamelles disposées horizontale-
ment le périthalle est plus développé que l’hypothalle; l’inverse se produit dans
les parties ot les lamelles sont recourbées et presque libres (fig. 32a). L’hypo-
thalle est formé de cellules courtes de 5 a 15 y de long et 5 a 8y de large;
dans certaines lamelles les cellules ne dépassent pas 7 y. de longueur; les
cellules hypothalliennes sont rectangulaires a angles arrondis. Le perithalle
est formé de files laches dont les cellules mesurent 3 a gu X 3 a 7 Ub.
Je crois avoir observé les deux sortes de conceptacles: les conceptacles a
sporanges ont un toit légerement bombé, leur diameétre est de 280 a 480 1;
je nai vu ni les pores du toit du conceptacle, ni les spores.
Les conceptacles a cystocarpes ont un toit de forme convexe percé d'un
pore au sommet; leur diametre varie de 300 a 500».
L. siamense se rapproche par sa structure et la fragilité de ses crodtes de
Lithothamnium mesomorphum Fos\. de \ Atlantique (Bahamas, Bermudes, Antilles).
Répartition géographique: ZL. stamense a été découvert dans le Golfe
de Siam, puis retrouvé ensuite en différentes régions du Pacifique: Sumbawa
(Est de Java), Archipel Sulu, Ile Nusa-Laut, Ile Kei; il a été recueilli a des
profondeurs variant de 5 a 69 metres. A I'Ile de Paques il a été recueilli dans
la zone littorale a Hanga Piko.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 287
Lithophyllum (Phil.) Fosl.
Deux des especes de Lithophyllum de |\'lle de Paques n’ont aucunement
la structure typique de ce genre, telle que je l’ai caractérisée au point de vue
anatomique, mais elles en possedent les organes reproducteurs; aussi je les
laisse provisoirement dans ce genre, dans lequel elles constituent une section
spéciale, ainsi que quelques autres espeéces deja signalces dans différentes régions
du globe.
L.(?) samoense Fosl. — Fig. 32 b.
M. Fostie: Algologiske notiser I, D. K. N. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter, 1906, no. 2, p. 20.
M. FosLiE n’a jamais figuré cette espcce, quil avait tout d’abord réunie
au L. decipiens Fosl. En comparaison de l’échantillon de l'Ile de Paques, j'ai
étudié un échantillon de l’Herbier BORNET, provenant de Tahiti, dont M. FOsLig
fait d’ailleurs mention loc. cit.
L. samoense movtre en coupe verticale un hypothalle peu développé, formé
de files horizontales dont les cellules mesurent 6 a 17 ». de longueur et 3 a7 u.
de large, quelquefois 9. Le périthalle est formé de tres petites cellules carrées
ou rectangulaires de 3 a 5 py, atteignant 7 et 8p de longueur et 3 a 7 yu, de
large. L’espéce forme souvent plusieurs thalles superposés. Jai noté, pour
les conceptacles les dimensions de 125 a 280, apres décalcification, tandis que
FOSLIE indique 100 a 200; ces conceptacles convexes deviennent ensuite
déprimés ainsi que le montre l’échantillon de | Herbier BORNET. JL. samoense
a été recueilli sur un caillon, associé a Por. onkodes et Lithophyllum rasile, et
il recouvre MWelobesia (Litholepis) accola; \\ forme une croute a surface granuleux
avec une bordure lisérée de blanc; la limite de chacune des crottes qui vit sur
le méme support est marquée par un rebord crénelé.
Répartition géographique: Tahiti (Herbier BORNET, Museum d'Histoire
Naturelle de Paris); Samoa, Ile Savaii (RECHINGER ex FOSLIE).
L.(?) myriocarpum (Fosl.) —- Fig. 32 c.
Lithothamnion myriocarpum Foslie, On some Lithoth. in Det K. Norske Vidensk.
Selsk. Skr., Trondhjem 1897, no. 1, p. 19. Gonzolithon myriocarpum Forslie, Siboga
Expeditie 1904, p. 45, Pl. IX fig. 6, 7; Idem in Alg. Not. III, Det K. Norske Vidensk.
Selsk. Skr. 1906, no. 8 (1907), p. 14 (f. confragosa); Idem Alg. Not. VI, Ibid. 1909
no. 2, p.9. Non Avelobesia myriocarpa Crouan, = M.(Pliostroma) zonalis (Crouan) Fos}.
L. myrtocarpum forme des crottes d’aspect peu caractéristique, assez
fréquentes, semble-t-il dans le Pacifique.
En coupe l’hypothalle montre des cellules plus ou moins rectangulaires de
7 a 15 de longueur et 3 a 7 uw de largeur; le périthalle est formé de cellules
de forme assez variable; les cellules d’une méme file communiquent entre elles
par un pore brillant, et souvent par une partie retrécie en forme de petit canal;
le méme caractére s’observe dans le Lithothamnium calcareum a Europe.
Répartition géographique: Mer Rouge, Indes, Célebes, Iles Chagos,
Seychelles, N"* Guinée, Lucipara, Dammer, Mangareva, Tahiti etc.
288 F. BORGESEN
bs
es
~w fa) ‘S
Rap peepee @
d
as po mace esces ARN Si 5 SB
Fig. 32. a coupe verticale du thalle de Lithothamnium siamense,; h hypothalle, # périthalle;
b coupe du thalle de Lithophyllum(?) samoense; c coupe d’un fragment de crotte de L.(?)
myriocarpum,; a Lithophyllum (Derm.) rasile recouvrant Melobesia (L.) accola dont les cellules
sont en grisé; e cellules de Melobesta (Litholepis) accola, a de Tahiti, 6 de PIle de Paques;
f coupe d’un thalle de MWelobesia paschalis; g cellules de Afelobesia paschalis vues de dessus.
L. (Dermatolithon) rasile Fosl. — Fig. 32 d.
M. Fosuie: Alg. Not. III, Det K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Trondhjem 1906,
no. 8 (1907), p. 34 et Alg. Not. VI, Ibid. 1909, no. 2, p. 57.
Cette petite espéce est représentée dans la collection de I'Ile de Paques par
un petit thalle d’un rose vif, de 10 mm X 12 mm qui recouvre AZelobesza (Litho-
lepis) accola; sa bordure, lisérée de blanc, montre quelques stries concentriques
peu marquées; a la surface de Lithophyllum(?) samoense on observe également
quelques trés petits thalles trés jeunes qui appartiennent a la méme espece.
M. FosLig indique pour cette espéce une variation assez considérable dans
la longueur des cellules hypothalliennes (14 a 54). En effet dans une coupe
dans laquelle l’hypothalle était seulement recouvert par une rangée de cellules
corticales, les cellules hypothalliennes mesuraient 20 a 60 y.; au contraire dans
d'autres coupes (fig. 32d) j'ai observé lhypothalle 2, formé de cellules de 15 u.
environ de hauteur, mais il était surmonté de 3 a 4 rangées péerithalliennes;
celles-ci sont formées de cellules de 8 a 12 y. de hauteur; la derniere rangée
est recouverte de cellules corticales; d’aprés la description de M. Fosig, les
cellules périthalliennes peuvent également subir une assez grande variation de
taille et pourraient atteindre 36 w.
Répartition géographique: Océan Indien: Laquedives; Pacifique: Timor
(échantillon récolté par M™’ WEBER VAN BosSE, nommé L. papzllosum f.? par
FosLiE in Siboga Expeditie 1904, p. 63); Tahiti (leg. SEURAT, Herbier du
Museum de Paris).
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 289
Melobesia (Lamx.) Fosl.
M. (Litholepis) accola (Fosl.) Lem. — Fig. 32 e.
On sait que M. FOSLIE a crée Litholefis pour des Melobesza dont le thalle
est formé d'une seule rangée de cellules, et dans lesquelles les thalles se
superposent de telle sorte qu’en coupe on observe souvent plusieurs rangées.
Dans l’échantillon de l'Ile de Paques j’ai observé jusqu’a 5 a 6 rangées super-
posées, toutes semblables (fig. 32 e, b); les cellules sont soit rectangulaires, soit
allongées verticalement, souvent aussi de forme assez irrégulicre; cependant
leur dimension ne varie que de 5 a 10. pour la hauteur et 5 a 12, pour la
largeur.
M. FOSLIE avait indiqué la dimension de 14 a 30. pour les cellules de
M. accola; mais j'ai étudié un eéchantillon de Tahiti qui fait partie de la collec-
tion du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle et qui a été déterminé par lui, et dans la
coupe obtenue j'ai observé une rangée de cellules de 5 a 12y, de hauteur et
7 a 10. de largeur (fig. 32 e, a); l'espece de Tahiti est donc bien semblable a
celle de l’Ile de Paques.
L’aspect de cette petite espece est curieux: les crottes sont tres minces
et sont discontinues; elles sont pourvues de tres nombreux conceptacles de
100 a 180, environ, percés d’un pore. Lorsqu’on observe le thalle de dessus,
les cellules, rectangulaires-arrondies, mesurent 7 a 104. 5 a 74, disposées
en files.
L’un des échantillons de l’Ile de Paques provient de Hanga Piko, région
littorale; l'autre sans indication précise partage le meme support que les autres
especes étudiées, et est recouvert en certains points par L. raszle et L. sa-
MOeNse.
Répartition géographique: Tahiti, Hao (leg. SEURAT, Herbier du Museum
d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris), Ile de Paques.
M. paschalis nov. sp. — Fig. 32 f, g.
La seule espéce é€piphyte recueillie par M. SKOTTSBERG me parait étre
une espece nouvelle; elle forme sur Zonaria variegata une croute extremement
mince, a peine calcifiée, de 3 cm environ, de couleur grise sans aucune bordure.
A la loupe on remarque que les conceptacles se trouvent au centre de petits
épaississements qui forment comme de minuscules crotttes secondaires qui se
détachent facilement.
En coupe on constate que la partie la plus mince du thalle est formée
d'une seule rangée de cellules; celles-ci ont une forme assez variable et souvent
elles ne se touchent pas; leur hauteur est d’environ 5 29 uw, leur largeur 5.a15 p.
Ces cellules, vues de dessus, sont encore plus irréguliéres dans leur forme; et
variables dans leur taille; certaines sont transformées en hétérocystes (fig. 32 g).
Si on fait une coupe dans une région fructifiée du thalle, on peut suivre
le processus de l’épaississement du thalle; j’ai figuré (fig. 32 f) l’aspect de la
19 — 2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
290 F. BORGESEN
coupe telle que je l’ai obtenue; on remarquera l’irrégularité de forme des cellules,
leur manque de cohésion; dans les parties formées de 2 rangees il y a souvent
un espace entre les deux rangées qui paraissent alors indépendantes l'une de
autre. Dans les parties les plus épaisses, j'ai observé 5 cellules superposees,
toutes de taille A peu pres semblable, 3a 6p, de hauteur; l’épaisseur maximum
du thalle est de 20 a 25 p.
Les conceptacles, de tres petite taille, mesurent environ 160 y, de diametre;
l'un d’eux paraissait contenir des bispores de 30 a 39. 15 a 204, et une
tétraspore de 50. X 30 p.
Melobesia farinosa était jusqu’ici la seule espece pourvue d’hétérocystes;
mais le thalle vu de dessus est bien différent de celui de Melobesia paschals,
les cellules sont de forme beaucoup plus constante et elles sont alignées en
files réguliéres, méme dans la var. So/mszana ou le tissu est beaucoup plus
lache et lacuneux que dans le type.
Des différences fondamentales existent aussi dans la dimension des con-
ceptacles, et la structure de l’espece vue en coupe.
Porolithon Fosl.
P. onkodes (Heydr.) Fosl.
Voir la bibliographie dans M™¢ P. Lemoine, Annales Inst. Océanogr. Monaco,
tf wietasc, 1 (LOK). <p. Loo:
Cette espéce forme des crottes assez épaisses, qui ainsi quon le sait,
jouent un rdle important dans la construction et la consolidation des récifs
coralliens du Pacifique, ot elle est l’une des especes les plus abondantes.
La crotite étudiée a montré le tissu caractéristique de P. onkodes avec les
groupes de grosses cellules disséminées au milieu du tissu; mais celles-ci sont
de taille plus faible que la normale: 12 a 18», au lieu de 16 a 25 y,; peut étre
d'autres coupes dans d’autres crotites donneraient-elles des résultats différents;
les autres cellules du thalle mesurent 5 a 10 y, et sont semblables a celles qui
ont été décrites dans les autres échantillons de cette espéce.
Dans |’échantillon étudié, la crotite est formée par la superposition de quatre
thalles, chacun d’eux constitué par un hypothalle tres peu développé, formé de
I a 3 files, et par un périthalle.
Cette espéce est fixée sur un caillou ot elle voisine avec Lethophyllum(?)
samoense, L. rasile et Melobesia (L.) accola.
Répartition géographique: Océan Indien; Océan Pacifique: Sumatra,
Ambon, Ile Tami au N. E. de la N@™® Guinée, Funafuti (Iles Ellice), Marutea
(archipel des Paumotu), Mangareva, Rikitea; Ile de Paques; San Diégo (Cali-
fornie).
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 2g!
Corallineae.
Amphiroa Lamx.
A. fragilissima (L.) Lamx.
Lamourovux, I. V. F., Hist. Polyp. flex., Caen 1816, p. 298. ARESCHOUG, J. E.
in J. AGaRDH, Spec. Alg, vol. 2, pars 1, p. 531. WEBER VAN Bosse, A. and M.
Fos.ig, Corallin. of the Siboga-Exped., p. 89, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2, 5. — Corallina fragz-
lissima L.,, System. nat., ed. 12, voli 1, p. 1305.
f. fragilissima (Lamx.) Weber-van Bosse, 1. c. A slender form in which
the nodes are not much swollen. In the central strand are mostly 3, sometimes
only two rows of long cells between each row of short cells. The long cells
measure about 55 wu.
Area of distribution: West Indies, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
A. Yendoi nov. spec. — Fig. 33.
Thallus caespitosus e disco basali plano et filis erectis compositus. Discus
basalis expansus substrato adhaerens.
E disco surgunt fila erecta, teretia; 250—300 lata, simplicia (raro subdi-
chotomo) et leviter regulariter constricta, articulata.
Singuli articuli plerumque ternas interdum plures constrictiones amplec-
tuntur.
Articuli strato corticali tecti, nodi nudi; cortex e cellulis subrotundis in
series breves ex parte interiori ortus.
Stratum thalli inerioris e cellulis diversae longitudinis compositum est,
1) brevibus, 2) sublongis, 3) longis; hae in zonas transversales ordinatae regu-
lariter alternant.
2
Soe i
a WU ie
Fig. 33. Amphiroa Yendoi nov. spec. a Habit of plant, 9/1; b part of thallus, c. ®/1; ¢ length
section, ¢.°'°°/r: ‘
292 F. BORGESEN
On a shell a small tuft of a tiny Amphzroa was found which I am unable
to refer to any known species. I name it A. Yexdoz in memory of my regretted
Japanese colleague, who has published so many valuable papers on the Corallnaceae.
The plant was not much more than 1 cm high; its thallus is terete, rather
stiff, erect, much calcified, about 250—300 », in diameter. It is regularly
constricted, broader portions, about twice as wide as high, regularly alternating
with slight annular constrictions (comp. Fig. 33 b). Generally every third
constriction represents a node (Fig. 33 b), but sometimes the joint is composed
of more than three segments, 4—5 or even more having been found.
A longitudinal section of the thallus (Fig. 33 c) shows that the central
strand is rather regularly stratified, a sheet of long cells being followed by
another of short ones, this again by intermediate ones, then a second layer of
long cells and so forth.
This central strand is densely covered by a thick cortical layer formed
by small cells. The nodes correspond to a layer of long cells (Fig. 33 c); the
cortical layer splits along the middle of this layer and the cells get a more
corneous consistence. Within the joints, the constrictions are, too, found just
above the row of long cells. The long cells measure c. 80», the medium
C235) and ithe short jes W5ei,
Regarding the ramification I can only state that nearly all the shoots were
simple. Only a few of the longest had divided subdichotomously. The plant
was quite sterile.
YENDO and especially Mme. WEBER have shown that the anatomical
structure of the central strand is of great systematic importance in the Coral-
linaceae, the genus Amphiroa being characterised by 1, 2, 3 or more rows of
long cells alternating with a row of short ones. Further, the number of cell rows
in the node is of systematic value.
As stated above the present species has one cell row only in the nodes
and according to the analytical key found in Mme. WEBER’s work on the
Corallinaceae of the Siboga, p. 99, this is the case only in one species, viz.
Amphiroa valoniotdes Yendo. This species is described by YENDO in his paper:
»Corallinae verae Japonicae» (Journal of the College of Science, vol. 16, Tokyo
1902). To judge from his description and figures this resembles the present
species in size and general appearance but seems to be more branched (as
mentioned above, the specimen of A. Yendo7 is mostly unbranched), the regular
constrictions in the latter are wanting and, in the central strand, there are
according to fig. 3, pl. 1 of YENDO four rows of different length regularly
alternating, while only three rows of cells are found in our plant as described above.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Jania Lamx.
J. tenella Kutz.
Kirzinc, Tab. Phycol., p. 41, tab. 85, fig. I]. Weper, A. and M. Fosiiz, The
Corallinaceae of the Siboga Expedition, p. 108.
I have referred some small, 4—5 mm high repeatedly dichotomous plants
to this species. The joints are about 100». broad and 2—3 times as long in
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 293
the basal part. Higher up they are longer and thinner. The uppermost joint
is 40 y. broad only.
The conceptacles are about 240 ». broad.
Area of distribution: Australia, Malay Archipelago, Easter Island. Also
Mediterranean?
Fam. Ceramiaceae.
Ptilothamnion Thur.
P. Pluma (Dillw.) Thur. — Fig. 34.
THuret, G., in Le Joris, Liste Alg. Cherb., p. 118. Borner et ‘'HuRET, Notes
algologiques, p. XII et 179, pl. 46.
Conferva Pluma Dillw., Intr. n. 1109, tab. F.
— Callithamnion Pluma Ag., Spec. II, p. 162. Harvey, Man., p. 115; Phycol. Brit.,
pl. 296. Hauck, Meeresalgen, p.
hae NO Nee 27
Growing upon a stone among several other algae some small specimens
were found which I have referred to P. Plwma. A safe determination is hardly
possible, the material being ste-
rile with the exception of a few
tetrasporangia. Should the de-
termination prove correct, the
occurrence of a species hitherto
known only from the Mediter-
ranean Sea and adjacent parts
of the Atlantic, in the Pacific
Ocean, is very remarkable.
Below I want to give a
short description and some
figures of the plant to show
how well it accords with the
descriptions of P. Pluma, f. i.
with that of Hauck, lI. c.
The horizontal creeping
and ramified filaments (Fig. 34 a)
are fixed to the substratum by
means of vigorous rhizoids
ending in a broad disc and
composed of cylindrical cells
about 16 broad and as much
as 70 long. The erect fila-
ments (Fig. 34 b) are unbranched
below; thence every cell car-
ries two opposite branchlets, all
lying in the same plane. The
branchlets are directed upwards,
under an angle of about 30°.
They are composed of mostly
Fig. 34. Ptilothamnion Pluma (Dillw.) Thur. a part of
creeping filament with rhizoid and erect branches, c. *8°/1;
b erect shoot, c. 1°°/1; c¢ part of thallus with tetraspo-
rangia, c. 74/4.
294 F, BORGESEN
A\(3=7) cells and vare: about 12—13.4 thick. The cells in the main axis are
c. 20, thick and have a length of c. 40, in the middle of the axis.
The tetrasporangia (Fig. 34.c) are terminal on the pinnules. They measure
35 < 27. Thus, the tetrasporic plant seems to agree well with the Mediter-
ranean species, but for an exact determination sexual plants are essential.
While our plant seems to have occurred in a very similar locality as
Ptlothamnion luctfugum Cotton, the Irish plant differs from the present one by
its bifid branchlets, agreeing in this respect with the Canarian Pélothamnion
micropterum (Mont.) Born. Also Péelothamnion bipinnatum (Collins and Hervey)
Howe differs much from the present plant among others by the ramose pin-
nules.
Area of distribution: Mediterranean and adjacent parts of the Atlantic;
Easter Island.
Callithamnion Lyngb.
C. paschale nov. spec. — Fig. 35.
C. caespitosum, ca. 4 mm altum. Rami erecti in parte basali nudi, deinde
subdistiche ramosi. Rami alterni in plantis f et © simplices, in & superne pinnati.
Cellulae. majores in parte basali ca. 90 y, latae, in parte superiore gradatim
tenuiores et 15». latis, apice ramorum late rotundato.
Tetrasporangia obovata, ca. 58. longa et 47 wv lata, et antheridia utraque
in interiore latere pinnularum posita.
Cystocarpia gemina rotundata in pinnis subterminalibus sita.
The height of the few plants I have seen only reaches about 4mm. The
basal part consists of irregularly ramified decumbent filaments originating from
the lowermost cells of the erect filaments. These filaments are fastened to
the substratum by means of vigorous rhizoids (Fig. 35 d).
From this basal system the erect branches grow up forming small tufts.
They are bare in their lower half, ramose in the upper. The branching is very
regularly distichous with alternating branches growing out from the upper end
of each cell. In the male and tetrasporic plants all the branches are simple.
In the more vigorous female plant (Fig. 35 a) the branches in the upper
part of the plant repeat the ramification of the main axis. These branch-
systems of second order turn their edges against the mother branch, the whole
system lying in the same plane.
In the main filaments the lowermost cells measure c. 90, across gradually
decreasing upwards, so that the tip is rarely more than about 15 p thick.
The cells are rather short, generally only 1—171/2 times their length. The top
cells are obtuse. Hairs do not occur. The ceil wall is thick, attaining c. 4p
in the larger cells of the main filaments.
As is usually the case in Callithamnion the tetrasporangia (Fig. 35 c)
occur on the inner side of the pinnules; they are obovate, c. 58 x 47. The
antheridial stands (Fig. 36 b) occupy corresponding places, gradually covering
almost the entire upper side of the pinnules.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 295
The female plant (Fig. 35 a) is more robust. The binate cystocarps are
developed near the top; in the largest ones observed the halves were almost
spherical, measuring c. 1304. Young stages were not observed. No trace of
a cortical layer could be found.
lf > pant
p ; \ ae) Hf
Li
} {\ y \ WY Pi f
Wy A Wp 4) f ) f
i Oe in/4 W f ff VY,
\! B Wy *
i aN I x Ma
A » ANGE,
ee WAY 0 yy,
Gi
RN \
,
HY
WA ,
OS se.
Fig. 35. Callithamnion paschale nov. spec. a part of Q specimen, c. “/1; b of o specimen,
c. 18/1; © of tetrasporic plant, c. 15/1; d base of a plant, c. %/1.
C. paschale recalls scopulorum as described by the author in »Botany of
the Feerdes», Part. I], p. 377. But C. scopulorum differs, among other things,
in being often bi-tripinate, the cells in the main stem are proportionally much
longer, the branches taper much more against their apex, the tetrasporangia
are more spherical, etc.
C.-Pennula Grunow from St. Paul’s Island, Novara-Exp. p. 60, pl. 6 fig. 1,
with which our new species might perhaps also be compared, is a much larger
and more branched plant with a dense nest of basal rhizoids. |
Area of distribution: Endemic.
296 F. BORGESEN
Crouania J. Ag.
C. attenuata (Bonnem.) J. Ag.
AGARDH, J., Algae mediterr., 1842, p. 83.
Some fragments of a very small form were found. GRUNOW in >Alg.
Novara», p. 62 mentions having found a very delicate form at Tahiti.
Area of distribution: Mediterranean Sea, warmer shores of the Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans.
Carpoblepharis Kiitz.
C. Schmitziana (Reinb.) Okamura. — Fig. 36.
Oxamura, K., On Microcladia and Carpoblepharis (Bot. Mag., vol. XIV, 1900,
p- 8, pl. I, figs. 14—17. Icones of Jap. Alg., vol. I, pl- I, figs. 5—18). — Gloto-
thamnion Schmitsianum Reinbold, Hedwigia, 1895, Bd. 34, p. 205, pl. Ill. — Rezn-
boldiella Schmitziana (Reinb.) De-Toni, Syllog. Alg., vol. IV, sect. III, p. 1498.
On a stone with several other small algae some few bits of a very delicate
species were found, which I feel convinced belongs to C. Schmztzzana, first
described by REINBOLD, even if the Easter Island
plant seems to be much smaller and differs a little
in its habit from REINBOLD’s figure.
The plant grew on a Cruoriella to which it is
fixed by means of numerous rhizoids growing out
mostly in bundles from cortical cells.
The decumbent rhizome-like parts of the thallus
are about 60» thick. From this now and then
branches are given off; some of these soon stop their
growth, become more or less vertical, and reach a
length of up to 200—300 »,; but most branches
Fig. 36. Carpoblepharis Schmitz. Show an indefinite growth like the mother filament,
tana (Reinb.) Okam., fragments fixing themselves to the substratum.
oes g Sex The erect branches become more or less flattened
with a broad obtuse tip; they sometimes are as much as 50». wide, but often
only half that size. Longitudinal growth is performed by a broad top-cell.
The segments cut off often remain distinct long after they have become divided
into smaller cells.
The main shoots are covered with a dense, untransparent cortex.
The material is sterile.
I have followed OKAMURA in referring this species to Carpoblepharis. It
seems to be a highly variable plant, more so if the small reduced forms, referred
here with some doubt by Mme. WEBER’, really belong to the same species.
The Malayan plant has the creeping rhizome-like base reduced to a mono-
siphonous filament, a rather remarkable fact.
Area of distribution: Japan, Malayan Archip., Easter Island.
1 Liste des Algues du Siboga III, Rhodophyceae II, p. 336, figs. 126—7.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 297
Ceramothamnion Richards.
C. Codii Richards.
RicHaRDs, Ceramothamnion Codii, A new rhodophyceous alga (Bull. Torrey
bot. Club, vol. 28, p. 57).
Some few small loose-lying fragments have been found only which I think
are referable to this plant. What species the host plant has been I can not
say; no Codium was among the material handed over to me.
Dr. H. E. PETERSEN kindly inspected the material and confirmed the
determination.
Area of distribution: Bermuda, Easter Island.
Ceramium (Roth) Lyngb.
By Dr. H. E. PETERSEN.
©] cerociatum’ Collins*& Hervey. — Fig.737-
Cottins & Hervey, The alge of Bermuda, 1917, p. 144.
In referring the specimens from Easter Island to this species I base this
upon the figures of Mme. WEBER, Liste des algues du Siboga, III, Rhodo-
phyceae, p. 331.
Fig. 37. Ceramium cruciatum Collins & Hervey. a top of filament, c. ®/1; b part of filament
lower down, c. 749/1; ¢ tetrasporangia, c. 74°/1.
According to CoLLins & HERYEY Ceramium cructatum has »cortication
consisting of cells elongate in the direction of the filament». Mme. WEBER
having seen an original specimen of this species now gives a figure of a cortical
belt, in which the cells are not arranged in longitudinal rows as in the figures
208 F. BORGESEN
of COLLINS and Hervey. As the specimens from Easter Island (Fig. 37 b)
regarding the shape of the cortical cells agree with the statement of Mme.
WEBER I think I need not lay stress upon the remarks of COLLINS and HERVEY
as to his point.
Specimens with cystocarps and tetraspores (Fig. 37 c) were present. In
the tetrasporic specimens the tips of the filaments were flattened in a peculiar
way (Fig. 37 a).
Area of distribution: Bermuda, Celebes, Easter Island.
C. Skottsbergii H. E. Petersen, nov. spec. — Fig. 38.
In the material a small Cevamzum is found characterized by very narrow
cortical belts in which several pluricellular spinelike hairs are present. I consider
this plant to be a new species. Here the diagnosis:
Fig. 38. Ceramium Skottsbergii nov. spec.
Part of filament, showing spinose cortical belts, c. 1°°/1.
Fronde repente, irregulariter ramosa; zonis semper discretis, paucis cellulis
constantibus, altitudine zonarum 15 —25 »., seepe duobus cellulis formata. Cellulis
axialibus usque ad 80 p, altis; 7o—75 wp latis. Pilis verticillatis e cellulis zonarum
formatis, articulatis, ex 3 cellulis compositis, c. 30—35 ». longis, c. 8», latis, obtusis.
Organa fructificationis non visa.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fam. Rhodomelaceae.
Laurencia Lamour.
L. claviformis nov. spec. — Fig. 39.
Planta caespitosa, ca. 11/,—2 cm alta, e ramis basalibus repentibus et
ramis erectis composita. Rami basales rhizoideis robustis saxo adfixi. Rami
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 299
erecti, teretes, clavati, in inferiori parte ca. I mm lati, in superiori ca. 2 mm,
apice late rotundato, aut simplices, aut ramosi, ramulis clavatis, sparsis, paucis,
irregulariter exeuntibus, interdum ramosis, ramellos in superiore parte gerentibus.
Tetrasporangia sparsa in superiore parte ramorum orta.
To judge from the specimens collected the plant forms low dense tufts,
ca. 1'/2—2 cm high, on rocks between tide
marks.
The decumbent creeping filaments, about
1—1'/s mm thick, are fastened to the substra-
tum by means of short, thick, vigorous hapters
(Fig. 39 a). From these prostrate filaments
erect ones grow up. These measure at their
base about I mm in diam., gradually thickened
upwards, attaining twice their basal diameter
and slightly clavate.
Of the erect filaments the more robust
ones are branched in their upper half. They
carry some few lateral branches, especially near
their upper end, where several may be clustered
together. The branches grow out to all sides
without any order, they are clavate like the
primary branch and sometimes carry sub-
terminal branchlets.
Tetrasporic plants only were gathered.
The tetraspores are found in the cortical |. oe eal oh ee eee
: Fig.39. Laurencta claviformis nov. spec.
layer, scattered over the surface, especially ~~ Parts of plants, a c. 2/1, bc. /1.
in the upper end of the branches.
As to the limitation of the species in this troublesome genus I refer to
my remarks in »The marine Algae of the D. W. I», vol. II, p. 244. I regret
that, in describing a new species, I add to the difficulties. Nevertheless I think
this is the best way to take until the very desirable revision of the whole
genus has been undertaken.
The present plant surely comes near a group of species (f. i. L. perforata,
radicans, vaga, decumbens etc., comp. KUYZING, Tab. Phycol., vol. XV, pl. 49—51)
about which J. AGARDH, in »Epicrisis», p. 649 says: »nec mihi patet quomodo
distinguantur».
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Chondria Ag.
Subgenus Coelochondria Falkenb.
Ch. repens nov. spec. — Figs. 40, 41.
Thallus teres, minutus, ca. I—2 mm altus et 200—400 », latus, in aliis algis
epiphyticus, partim e ramis repentibus, rhizoideis brevibus robustis adfixis, par-
tim e ramis curtis, erectis constructus.
300 F. BORGESEN
Fig. 40. Chondria repens nov. spec., part of specimen, c. 1°/1.
Rami repentes ramosi, ramis aut decumbentibus, repentibus, axi primario
similibus, aut erectis, curtis, obovatis, simplicibus, ca. '/3—1 mm altis et 300—
350u. latis, tetrasporangiis instructl.
Tetrasporangia in superiori parte ramorum sparsa, ca. 80—90 y, lata.
Of this little plant some very few fragments are found only, the longest
specimen being about 1 cm long.
The terete thallus has creeping basal filaments fixed to other algae by means
of short thick hapters formed by a bundle of rhizoids. From this basal part
shorter or longer branches are given off. Some of these branches may grow
out to long shoots like the mother branch fixing themselves to the substratum
in a similar way but most of the branches remain short, erect and become fertile.
Gradually they become more or less distinctly clavate and produce tetrasporangia
in their upper end. The ripe tetrasporangia are about 80—90 y. in diameter.
The cortical layer is rather thick and the central
strand generally not visible. Seen from above the
surface cells are roundish to polygonal with rather
thick walls.
A transverse section (Fig. 41) shows that the
thallus is composed of a parenchymatic tissue, the
central axis not being especially distinct.
In » Algues du Siboga», HI Rhodophyceae, p. 349
Mme. WEBER has described a small species Chondria
minutula, of nearly the same size and habit, but
ei seins otherwise widely different, belonging as it does to
spec. Cross section of Fatt, the group Euchondria Falkenb.
Cc. 12°/1, Area of distribution: Endemic.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 301
Polysiphonia Grey.
Pe spec:
A small antheridial plant with four pericentral cells. From a decumbent
filament fixed to the substratum by means of rhizoids erect filaments arise.
The filaments are about 50 thick and the length of the cells about 80.
The specimen bears considerable likeness to ASKENASY’s’ figure of an
antheridial plant of Polysiphonia mollis Hook f. et Harv.
Herposiphonia Naeg.
H. tenella (C. Ag.) Naeg. — Figs. 42, 43.
NAce., C., Herposiphonia (in ScHLEIDEN und NAGELI, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Bot.,
3—4 Heft, 1846, p. 238, tab. VIII). FAaLKENBeRG, P., Rhodomelaceen, p. 304.
BOrGESEN, F., Marine Algae D. W. I., vol. I, pp. 286 and 472.
In referring the plant from Easter Island to this species it must be pointed
out that before we know the male plant no exact determination can be made;
eigemiy remarks |. c., _p., 470.
=—-=. i
(es Bo:
Fig. 42. Herposiphonia tenella (C. Ag.) Naeg., part of specimen growing on Valonia. C. **/s.
Sterile specimens were found on Valonia ventricosa. They had 5—8 peri-
central cells. The creeping, prostrate main filaments are fixed to the wall of
the host by means of vigorous rhizoids quite in the same way as found in the
West Indian plant.
! Asxenasy, E., Ueber einige australische Meeresalgen. Flora, 1894, p. 13, pl. 4, fig. 22.
302 F. BORGESEN
The mutual arrangement of the branchlets and branches is seen in Fig. 42.
This shows that the branchlets are, as a rule, developed from every fourth
segment; the next has a branch and the branches alternate on the right and
left side of the thallus. But it happens that the branchlets are developed
from every third or rarely from every second segment. The branchlets are of
rather variable length; in some specimens I have counted up to 50 segments.
The segments are longest in the middle of the branchlets, shorter near the
base and summit. The diameter of the branchlets is about 50. The tricho-
blasts are as a rule poorly developed.
On Zonaria variegata | found some few fragments of an other form, both
cystocarpic and tetrasporic, but unfortunately no male plant.
Of the female plant Fig. 43 gives an illustration; it is much more robust
than the sterile one from Valonza. It also differs from this by the scarce
development of branches, which generally are arranged without any order.
Gone
Fig. 43. Herposiphonia tenella(C. Ag.) Naeg. 9. a part of creeping plant, c. /1; b growing apex
Of Same, ic:.'"2/a; 1c youns cysrocarp,| c. 170/:1:
The trichoblasts are well developed in the female plant. The cystocarps are
formed in the second segment of the trichoblast, the lowermost becoming
polysiphonous. The form of the young cystocarp (Fig. 43 c) very much resembles
what I have found in Lophostphonia cristata (comp. my fig. 432 1. c.). The
trichogyne is thick and comparatively short. The ripe cystocarp is urn-shaped
with a short broad neck; it is about 550 u. long and 460 y, broad.
The tetrasporic specimens have longer and much more slender branchlets
than the female plant; in the mutual arrangement of the branchlets and branches
they agreed with the plant found on Valonza. The tetrasporic branchlets are
about 60». thick and 1,5 mm long. ;
Area of distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Morocco, West Indies, Malayan
Archipelago, Easter Island.
A small piece of a plant with 11 pericentral cells may perhaps belong to
Hf. subdisticha. Okamura (Bot. Mag. XII, 1899, p. 11, pl. I figs. 12—14). It
resembles the figures quoted, but being sterile and lacking growth points it is
insufficient for a safe determination.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 303
Dipterosiphonia Schmitz. & Fallenb.
D. dendritica (Ag.) Falkenb. — Fig. 44.
FALKENBERG, P., Rhodomelaceen, p. 324.
BoRGESEN, Fo Mar... Alo. D. W,'T., p...302. —
Hutchinsia dendritica Ag., Systema, p. 146; Spec-
ies Alg., vol. Il, p. 104. — Polysiphonia dendri-
foal no:,) Spec. -Alg:,,vol.-Ily pars. 3,.. p+. 91.6:
Some small sterile fragments were found
on Laurencia claviformts. In one respect it
differs essentially from the West Indian plant,
as described by me |. c.; in this, the branchlets
with definite growth are always undivided,
while, in the Easter Island form, they often
bear a few spine like side branches. These
are mostly situated above the middle of the
branchlets and their number rarely surpasses
two or three. They form acute angles with
the main branch.
Otherwise, the Easter Island plant seems
to agree perfectly with the West Indian one.
Like this it has five pericentral cells, three
on the upper side, two below, and it is attached
to the host plant by meams of vigorous hapters, Hig oi bar sananeenten Gb Dipiere-
which pierce the sides of the host plant like siphonia denaritica(Ag.) Falkenb. C. ®/1.
claws.
Area of distribution: Brazil, West Indies, Australia, Easter Island.
Dasya C. Ag.
D. villosa Harv.
Harvey, W. H., Algze of Tasmania, London Journal of Botany, vol. III, 1844,
p- 433-
The specimens had been preserved in formaline and were in a state of
dissolution, falling to pieces at the least touch. Nevertheless I think the
determination is right, the plants being in good accordance with the descrip-
tion of HARVEY and with KU1TziNnG’s Figure; I have also been able to compare
them with a specimen of HaARVEY’s Australian Alga, No. 218 from Van
Diemen’s Land.
When young the stichidia are rather short and thick, ovate to lanceolate,
when older they become longer and subcylindrical with attenuated summit,
but perhaps the great length is due to the bad preservation, all the tetraspores
having fallen out and the cells getting more or less separated.
Area of distribution: Tasmania, Easter Island.
304 F. BORGESEN
Falkenbergia Schmitz.
F. rufolanosa (Harv.) Schmitz. in ENGLER u. PRANTL, Natirl. Pflanzen-
familien, p. 479.
FALKENBERG, P., Rhodomelaceen, p. 690. — VFolysiphonia rufolanosa Harvey,
Marine Botany of W. Austr., no. 87 in Trans. Acad. vol. XXII; Ktrzine, Tab.,
Phycol., vol. 14, pl. 54.
Only a few small pieces of this plant were found, too small in fact fora
safe determination. In their general appearance the specimens resemble the
figure of KUTzING; this is, however, as pointed out by FALKENBERG, not very
accurate. The thallus was about 4o yp. thick and the length of the cells amounts
to 30 u.
On the other hand, it cannot be denied that this plant seems to concord
with the form of Falkenbergia Hildebrandit which 1 discovered in the West
Indies (I. c., p. 331). According to my note, these species most probably are
mere forms of the same species, a conclusion to which YENDO’ also has arrived,
having been able to compare his plant with the original specimen in Herb.
HaRvEY in Dublin and referring to my figures and description of the West
Indian plant. 7
Area of distribution: Australia, Japan, Malayan Archipelago, and most
probably, West Indies etc.
Fam, Delesseriaceae.
Nitophyllum Grev.
N. spec. — Fig. 45.
A small antheridial plant of a Vetophyllum
was found mixed up ina Galaxaura tuft. The
height of the whole plant found was 6 mm
only. It has no veins, is monostromatic and
belongs to the group Leptostroma of J. AGARDH.
The growth takes place by means of a well
developed top-cell.
The antheridial sori are situated in the
middle of leaf-like thallus-segments. They are
found on both sides of the thallus.
The cells of the thallus are polygonal
with thick walls; their diameter is about 40 1.
To the group Leftostroma J. Agardh
refers 3 species and in »Sylloge Algarum»
DE-TONI mentions a few additional species,
g. 45. Witophyllum spec., o spe- 1 YENDO, Notes on Algae new to Japan, IV (Bot.
cimens) Ca 22) Mag., vol. XXX, 1916, p. 63).
Fig.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 395
all from the European Atlantic coast and the Mediterranean Sea. Most likely
therefore the present plant is the representative of a new species. In order to
describe it we must know at least also the tetrasporic plant, as the male plant
in Netophyllum is often very much reduced in size.
Gymnogongrus Mart.
G. aequicrassus nov. spec. — Figs. 46, 47.
Frons caespitosa, e filis decumbentibus, repentibus et filis erectis composita.
Fila decumbentia irregulariter ramosa, aggregata et inter se contexta.
Fila erecta teretiuscula, interdum simplicia saepe di- vel trichotoma, ad
apicem versus non attenuata, apex late rotundatus.
Cystocarpia singulas apicibus frondis immersa, rotundata, superne in partem
sterilem attenuatam exeuntia.
®
DOLD.
Fig. 46. Gyminogongrus aequicrassus NOV. Spec. Fig. 47. Gymnogongrus aegui-
Caf crassus nov. spec. Length sec-
tion of thallus, c. 49/1.
The plant grows gregariously in dense tufts about 2—3 cm high upon
rocks between tide marks.
The tuftlike growth originates from the numerous erect filaments growing
out from the prostrate creeping ones. The latter filaments are irregularly bent
and branched, gradually more or less united into an irregularly lobed disc. The
erect filaments are nearly terete or somewhat compressed, the transverse section
being mostly oval. The filaments are a few times dichotomously, rarely tri-
chotomously forked, but quite simple ones also occur. The surface of the
20 —.2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. Il.
306 F. BORGESEN
thallus is uneven and irregularly waved. The tips of the shoots are broadly
rounded. The angle between the branches approaches 90°.
A few cystocarps occur; these are found near the end of the branches
and are almost globular. Above the cystocarp a short sterile narrow prolonga-
tion is observed.
The plant is of a rigid cartilaginous or corneous texture.
On a longitudinal section of the thallus (Fig. 47) we find that the sub-
cylindrical cells in the centre are arranged more or less in rows; outwards the
cells grow shorter with very thick walls and gradually pass into the cortical
layer, composed of short rows of small oval cells — upon the whole a picture
quite like that of Chondrus crispus as given by KYLIN in Studien tber die
Entwicklungsgeschichte der Florideen (K. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handlingar.
Bd: 163, 1923).
The new species appears to be most nearly related to the small species
G. densus and G. pygmaeus.
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Fam. Sphaerococcaceae.
Hypnea Lamx.
H. Esperi Bory. — Fig. 48.
Bory, Voyage de la Coquille, p. 157. Kwtrzinc, Spec. Alg., p. 759; Tabul.
Phycol., vol. 18; plz 26; 7a, b, €:
The thallus forms small entangled
masses among other algae. The filaments
are irregularly ramified, often antlerlike
in shape, the summit of the filaments
often being somewhat curved with short,
spine-like side-branches gradually growing
out from the convex side. The branches
are sometimes short, spinelike, sometimes
long and of indefinite growth. The tetra-
sporangia are formed in the branchlets.
When a branch comes near a fa-
vourable substratum short thick discoid
hapters are formed by means of which
the plant is fastened to other algae. In
the same way the branches frequently
anastomose.
The terete thallus is 4o0—500 thick.
The specimens found seem to be in
good accordance with the fig. of KUTZING
in Tab. Phycologicae (I. c.).
Big, 48.) Biypnea-Esperi Bory! Patt of spect This plant is closely related to the
men with a tetrasporangium sorus. C. 1. form I called Hypuea spinella in my West
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 307
Indian work (p. 384, fig. 369). The form figured is somewhat more densely
branched and the thallus slightly coarser (500—600 .), but otherwise they seem
to agree so well with each other that I am inclined to regard them as forms
of the same species. ‘
HI. Esperi differs from HH. pannosa J. Ag., collected on the Pacific coast
of Mexico (San Augustin, LIEBMANN) by its more slender and less ramose
thallus, HZ. pannosa being described as »densissime intricato decomposito-
ramosissima>».
Area of distribution: Brazil, Chile, Australia, Easter Island.
Fam. Rhodymeniaceae.
Chrysymenia J. Ag.
C. Skottsbergii nov. spec. — Figs. 49, 50.
E callo radicali expanso frondes erectae, plerumque I—2 cm altae, oriuntur,
caespitem densum et expansum formantes.
Caules crassius filiformes, in parte basali robustiores (ca. 1 mm lati) su-
perne gradatim tenuiores et ramosi, 5—6 vel plures ramos vesicaeformes gerentes.
Vesiculae subglobosae-pyriformes, 4—5 mm latae et 5—6 mm longae.
Fig. 49. Chrysymenia Skottsbergii nov. spec., parts of specimens. C. 2,5/r.
This fine plant forms low, ca. r—2 cm high, dense tufts on Lithothamnion
to which it is fastened by means a large irregular disc. From this the erect
main filaments (stems) arise. These are mostly undivided in their lower half,
irregularly ramified to all sides in the upper, the branches and, if these are
branched again, the branchlets all ending in a vesicle. In this way each main
branch may carry up to ten or even more vesicles.
The stem is thickest, c. 1 mm, in the basal part, tapering gradually
upwards.
The vesicles are spherical-pyriform, about 4—5 mm broad and 5—6 mm long.
The stem is solid. A transverse section (Fig. 50 a) shows a cortical layer
consisting of quite smal roundish thick-walled cells arranged in more or less
308 F, BORGESEN
distinct rows; inwards the cells gradually increase in size forming an even transi-
tion to the medullary tissue. On the cross section this is composed of
roundish cells.
A longitudinal section (Fig. 50 b) of the stem shows that the cells of the
cortical layer are of nearly the same shape: roundish to oval. The cells of
the medullary tissue on the other hand are long, subcylindrical with oblique
cross walls. Between the long cells short ones, often arranged in rows, are
interposed here and there.
Fig. 50. Chrysymenia Skottsbergii nov. spec. a cross, b length section of stipes; ¢ cross section
through wall of vesicle; d inner surface of wall of vesicle with a cluster of glands; e two-
celled! glands All c. 2°°/1.
A cross section of the vesicles (Fig. 50 c) shows that the wall consists of
a single layer (rarely two) of large rounded-rectangular cells, which are covered
by a cortical layer of small cells. Opposite the centre of the large cells one
or two cortical layers are present, while opposite the cross walls separating
the large cells, where more space is left, we find this space occupied by a
cell larger than the cortical ones.
Seen from above the large cells in the wall of the bladder are polygonal
with rounded corners (Fig. 50d). The cavity is filled with mucilage. On the
inner side of the wall, facing the cavity, we find the glands characteristic of
Chrysymenta, These occur in groups (Fig. 50d), but not in great number.
MARINE ALGAE FROM EASTER ISLAND 3°9
On the other hand the glands themselves are rather large and each group
mostly consists of a good number of glands (10—20 or more). They are
gathered upon a smaller cell situated among the large wall cells; sometimes,
too, this small cell carries another smaller one upon which the glands are borne.
The glands are oblong, about 20 y. broad and 40 yu, long.
In a few cases I have found the glands divided into two cells (Fig. 50 e).
All the material was sterile.
Of the known species of Chrysymenia, the present one is most closely
related to C. Uvaria (L.) J. Ag. (esp. the Mediterranean form), pyrzformis Borgs.
and mzcrophysa Hauck. It differs from C. Uvaria in growing less high, by the
much smaller number of vesicles on each main stem, by the larger, shortly
pedicellate vesicles, further by the gland-cells being larger and arranged in
dense groups, while in C. Uvarza these cells are small, rounded and scattered
singly over the wall (comp. my fig. 388 in Mar. Algae D. W.L, vol. II, p. 403).
From C. pyriformis it also differs in the lower, more condensed habit, in the
irregular branching and shortly pedicellate vesicles, while, in the former, generally
also in C. Uvaria, the sessile vesicles form a raceme along the main stem and
branches. C. pyriformis has larger and more pyriform vesicles. The cortical
layer in the vesicles is thicker and more firmly built in C. Skottsbergzt. The
glands are grouped in the same manner in both, but they are larger in the
latter and more numerous to each group. The quite robust stem is also more
strongly built in the new species. It should be remembered, that this was
collected in tide-pools, while C. pyrzformzs is a sublitoral species. For more
details I refer to my description of the latter.
Finally, C. mzcrophysa is a much smaller plant, mostly with a single
terminal vesicle, less often with one or two lateral branches in addition. For
a detailed description see P. KUCKUCK, Beitr. zur Kenntnis der Meeresalgen. 13
(Wiss. Meeresuntersuchungen, N. F. Bd. V, Abt. Helgoland, 1912).
Area of distribution: Endemic.
Champia Desv.
Ck. sp.
In a glass tube with various algae a small fragment of a Champza was
found. Had it come from the West Indies I would have named it Cz. parvula
without hesitation, but as this species has not been reported from the Pacific
with certainty, I prefer to leave it unnamed, the more as it is sterile, the
arrangement of the tetrasporangia remaining unknown.
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io. Ein neues Sargassum von der Osterinsel.
Von
L. GUNNAR SJOSTEDT.
Mit 5 Textfiguren.
Von einem Sargassum, der auf der Osterinsel (Isla de Pascua) (»Litoral,
unweit Hango Pico, nicht ganz trocken gelassen») von Professor Dr. C. SKOTTS-
BERG am 26. Juni 1917 erbeutet wurde, hat der Verfasser Exemplare zur Be-
stimmung bekommen. Das fragliche Sargassum hat sich bei vorgenommener
Untersuchung als eine neue Art erwiesen, deren Diagnose ich unten gebe.
Sargassum Skottsbergii nov. spec. Fig. 1—5.
Planta dioica. Thallus ca. 30 cm altus. Stratum basilare caules princi-
pales breves, longitudine 2—3 cm, teretiusculos ferens, ramis primariis numerosis,
longis, erectis, inermibus. Folia plerumque 9—12:plo longiora quam latiora. Folia
plantae masculae superiora anguste lanceolata, acuta, indivisa, minute et obsolete
Fig. 1-3. Sargassum Skottsbergii. Fig. 1—2. Mannliches Receptaculum. Fig. 3. Weibliches
Receptaculum. Vergr. 3 X I.
312 L. GUNNAR SJOSTEDT
denticulata (vel hinc inde integerrima), longitudine 202—30 mm, latitudine 2—3
mm. Cryptostomata pauca, parum conspicua (folia nonnulla eglandulosa), per
1/2,
Fig. 4. Sargassum Skottsbergit. Sticke mannlicher Pflanzen. C.
singulam seriem utroque latere costae folii disposita. Folia superiora plantae
femineae breviora, marginibus magis conspicue et acute denticulata crypto-
stomatibus magis conspicuis numerosioribus. Folia basalia et inferiora amborum
generum breviora, longitudine 20—50 mm, latitudine 4—5 (—7) mm, crypto-
EIN NEUES SARGASSUM VON DER OSTERINSEL 313
stomatibus parum conspicuis, margine denticulis parcis instructa, Vesiculae
sphaericae, muticae, petiolo vesiculam ipsam subaequante suffultae (fig. 2)
glandulis nullis vel paucis (1—2). Receptacula mascula subdichotomo-cymosa,
longa, angusta, verruculosa, inermia, evoluta usque ad 10-12 mm _ longa.
Rami receptaculi masculi petiolo parum distincto instructi, nonnumquam omnino
fertiles (fig. 1—2). Receptacula feminea verruculosa, inermia, breviora, latiora,
conica, subdichotomo-cymosa densius disposita quam receptacula mascula et
parcissime divisa. Rami singuli receptaculi feminei conici petiolo distincto brevi
angusto teretiusculo sterili suffulti (fig. 3).
Fig. 5. Sargassum Skottsbergii. Weibliche Pflanze. C. 4/2.
Hab. in mare Pacifico ad Insulam Paschalem in litore saxoso loco Hanga
Piko dicto.
Vorliegende Sargassum-Species, die hinsichtlich den tibrigen Arten dieser
Gattung die Gruppe cymosum (Ag.) J. Ag.—Bermudense Grun. (lendigerum sec.
J. Ag.).—trichocarpum J. Ag. am nachsten kommt, ist, wie aus der Diagnose
hervorgeht, dioezisch mit mannlichen und weiblichen Indiwiduen unter sich nicht
nur geschlechtlich, sondern auch ricksichtlich Form, Grdésse und Verzweigung
der Receptakeln, wie auch die Form des Blattes, die Menge und verschiedene
Deutlichkeit der Cryptostomata betreffend, abweichend.
Dioezie ist von KUTzinc (Tab. phyc. X, 89, 1) fiir Sarg. Hornerz, von
HARVEY fiir Sarg. paradoxum angegeben. In dem grossen Sargassum-Werk
von J. G. AGARDH. (Species Sargassorum Australiae, K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.
314 L. GUNNAR SJOSTEDT
23 (1889)) scheint die Frage des Verhaltnisses der Receptakeln in geschlechtlicher
Hinsicht und damit zusammenhingende eventuelle morphologische Unterschiede
ganz zur Seite gelassen zu sein. Zwar beriihrt GRUNOW (Additamenta ad
cognitionem Sargassorum, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 1913—16) diese Verhalt-
nisse hier und dort, die Angaben sind aber im Ganzen sehr unvollstandig. Doch
wird Dioezie fiir die beiden genannten und ausserdem auch fir folgende fiinf
Arten angegeben: S. hemiphyllum (Turn.) Ag., myriocystum J. Ag., polycystum
Ag., Vaysieranum (Mont.) var. Assabiensis Grun. und szlzquosum J. Ag.
Die sparlichen Angaben sowohl von AGARDH, GRUNOW wie auch von
anderen Verfassern diese Verhaltnisse betreffend werden wahrscheinlich nur
darin ihren Grund haben, dass die Untersuchungen auf trockenem, den Ver-
fassern zugesandtem Material gegriindet sind. Nach den Exsiccatenexemplaren
der grossen Sargasswm-Sammlung AGARDH’s in Lund wie auch nach den zahl-
reichen Bildern Ktrzinc’s (Tab. phyc.) zu urteilen, diirften gewiss von mehreren
Species vom Sargassum die verschiedenen Geschlechtspflanzen als getrennte
Species beschrieben sein, ein Verhaltnis, das ja in systematischer Hinsicht
sehr lastig ist. Fiir eine ordentliche Aufklarung dieser Frage sind aber Unter-
suchungen und Studien der jeweiligen Algen draussen in der Natur eine dringende
Notwendigkeit. Nur durch solche Felduntersuchungen ist eine Aufklarung dieser
Sache und damit auch ein solider Grund fiir eine bessere Kenntnis der Sav-
gassum-Gattung zu erreichen.
Die Sammlung enthalt eine zweite Savgasswm-Art. Da das Material steril
ist, war eine sichere Bestimmung nicht moglich.
Lund, Bot. Laboratorium, September 1923-
11. Die Flechten der Juan Fernandez-Inseln.
Von
Dr. A. ZAHLBRUCKNER.
Mit 2 Tafeln (24—25).
Im Jahre 1835 erhielten wir die erste Nachricht uber die Flechten von
Juan Fernandez. C. MONTAGNE (7), damals der beste Kenner aussereuropaischer
Lichenen, verOffentlichte die Liste derjenigen Arten, welche von C. I. BERTERO
aufgesammelt wurden. Er zahlt 49 Flechtenarten auf, darunter einige neue.
In C. GAy’s grossem Werke iiber Chile (2) wiederholt MONTAGNE diese An-
gaben und erweitert sie durch erganzende. In der Beschreibung neuer Flechten,
welche er hauptsachlich dem Herbare Sir WILLIAM J. HOOKER’s entnahm, be-
schreibt TH. TAYLOR (11) auch einige wenige Arten von Juan Fernandez.
Diese wurden spadter von MULLER ARG. einer Revision unterzogen (8). Nun
ruhte die lichenologische Erforschung der Inselgruppe langere Zeit und erst
die Challenger-Expedition brachte eine kleine Aufsammlung von Flechten mit.
Das Material wurde von I. C. CROMBIE (1) bearbeitet, erschien zunachst als
eigene Arbeit, welche dann dem Sammelwerk iiber die wissenschaftlichen Ergeb-
nisse der genannten Expedition (10) einverleibt wurde. Im Jahre 1896 erschien
F. JoHow’s Flora von Juan Fernandez. Sie enthalt eine Zusammenfassung
aller Angaben iiber Flechten und enthalt auch einige neue des Verfassers. So
sehr eine gute Ubersicht erwiinscht gewesen ware, so kann die Zusammen-
fassung JOHOW’s keinen Anspruch darauf erheben, eine solche zu sein. Es
wurde der Aufzahlung nicht eines der damals gebrauchlichen Flechtensysteme
zugrunde gelegt, sondern es sind die Arten unter Beibehaltung der Nomen-
klatur der alteren Autoren aufgezahlt. Es kommen daher dieselben Spezies
unter verschiedenen Namen bei verschiedenen Gattungen vor und diese be-
hielten eine, damals langst nicht mehr moégliche, Umgrenzung.
Die letzten Angaben in der Literatur beziehen sich auf jenes Material,
welches C. SKOTTSBERG gelegentlich des Schwedischen Expedition nach Pata-
gonien und dem Feuerland in den Jahren 1907—1909, von den Inseln mit-
brachte. Nebst in diesen sich direkt auf Juan Fernandez beziehenden Arbeiten
finden wir noch zerstreute Angaben in monographischen Studien (3, 4, 5) und
in einer allgemeinen Flechtenflora (9).
Die Gelegenheit zu einer grossziigigen Aufsammlung auf den Inseln bot
der zweite Aufenthalt C. SkoTTSBERG’s daselbst. An zahlreichen Stellen der
316 A, ZAHLBRUCKNER
drei Inseln sammelten Prof. und Frau SKOTTSBERG, gleichmassig an Rinden,
Holz, dem oft schwer zu bearbeitenden harten Basalt, und auf dem Erdboden.
Die Kollektion enthalt durchwegs instruktive Stiicke, die auch vielfach uber
die Vergesellschaftung der Arten Aufschluss geben. Die Etikettierung der Stticke
ist gewissenhaft durchgefiihrt, sie gewahrt Einblick uber die vertikale und
horizontale Verbreitung der Arten. Sie ist die reichste, die je dort aufge-
bracht wurde, und der Grundstock der vorliegenden Flora. In dieser Flora habe
ich mich nicht auf die Bearbeitung des SKOTTSBERG’schen Materials beschrankt,
sie soll vielmehr eine einheitliche Zusammenfassung dessen sein, was uns tiber
die Flechtenflora der Robinsoninseln bisher bekannt geworden. Als syste-
matische Grundlage diente meine Bearbeitung der Flechten in ENGLER-PRANTL’s
»Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien» mit einer einzigen Ausnahme betreffend die
Stellung der Cyanophili (im Sinne REINKE's), ein Vorgang, der in der zweiten
Auflage des genannten Werkes naher begriindet werden soll.
Insgesamt konnte bisher das Vorkommen von 186 Flechtenarten festgestellt
werden, doch ist damit die Zahl durchaus nicht erschopft. Infolge der Unmdg-
lichkeit zur Zeit, als die Bearbeitung der Flechten erfolgte, Originalien zu er-
halten, konnte ich nicht alle Ayvel/zen sicher bestimmen; von diesen allein kom-
men noch einige Arten hinzu. Ferner werden sicherlich an Mikrolichenen noch
einige Entdeckungen gemacht werden konnen.
Nach Familien und einigen hoheren Gruppen verteilen sich die 185 Arten:
Viernlcanaceacisn ee aati oes eee? ATEN
Denmatocarpaccae a aat-aee ee cet eee n >
Pyrenulaceae
Astrotheliaceae
Sphaerophoraceae
Arthoniaceae
Graphidaceae
Chiodectonaceae
Dirinaceae
Lecanactidaceae
Byssocaulon .
‘Thelotremaceae
Diploschistaceae
Gyalectaceae
Coenogoniaceae
Collemaceae .
Pannariaceae
Stictaceae .
Peltigeraceae
Lecideaceae .
Phyllopsoraceae
Cladoniaceae
Acarosporaceae
Pertusariaceae
Lecanoraceae
Parmeliaceae
Caloplacaceae
Theloschistaceae .
| 14 Arten
_
.
Se
N
rl
Mm Num Hi DOWD CONW NN NY He BR H&B HF HO
ex OWWM
»
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN Ba |
Dueiiaecteiiets .: wonlh woqeanls,. Bares Ariens
arr eee ‘ 8 Arten
MTOR ACSF.) 1 501.) cali ehe can aa) re en Fe »
ELCINEMOICIENES »4) (ais vo) beudy ee steed coe
Nach der systematischen Zugehorigkeit des Algenkomponenten ergibt sich
folgende Gruppierung:
a.) Flechten mit Pleurococcustypus MRD 4 . 1og Arten, rund 60%
b.) Flechten mit blauen Gonidien, beziehungsweise deren
phylogenetische Deszendenten. .......... . 48 Arten, rund 25%
c.) Flechten mit Trentepohliagonidien . . ..... . . . 28 Arten, rund 15 %
Ein Vergleich dieser Zahlen mit denjenigen, welche ich ftir die Samoa-
inseln gab’, zeigt uns, dass die perzentuelle Beteiligung der Cyanophili fast
dieselbe ist, dass hingegen die Arten mit Trentepohliagonidien den Archi-
lichenen gegeniiber stark abfallen. Ich glaube diesen Umstand damit begriin-
den zu konnen, dass die Samoainseln ihrer geographischen Lage nach den
tropischem Gebiete angehdren, dessen Klima das Auftreten von Flechten mit
Trentepohliagonidien begiinstigt. Bemerkenswert bleibt der hohe Perzentsatz
der Cyanophili, welcher eine Eigentiimlichkeit vulkanischer Inzeln zu sein
scheint.
An der Zusammensetzung der Flechtenflora von Juan Fernandez nehmen
Teil Elemente des chilenischen Festlandes und der subantarktischen Region
Amerikas, hinzu kommen dann Arten, welche im Tropicum oder Subtropicum
weiter verbreitet sind, und auch Elemente der kalteren und gemiassigten Gebiete,
welche namentlich in den hdheren Bergen Masafueras auftreten. Verhaltnis-
massig gross ist die Zahl der Endemismen, doch ist dabei zu bedenken, dass
bei einer besseren lichenologischen Erforschung der Nachbargebiete, insbe-
sondere des chilenischen Festlandes, flr manche der bisher endemisch ange-
sehenen Arten eine weitere geographische Verbreitung festgestellt sein wird.
Die ftir Juan Fernandez bisher noch nicht verzeichneten Flechten sind
durch ein Sternchen (*) kenntlich gemacht.
Literatur.
1. Crompste, I. C., The Lichens of the »Challenger» Expedition. — Juan Fernan-
dez. (Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., vol. XVI, 1877, p. 223—224.)
2. Gay, C., Historia fisica y politica de Chile. (Botan., vol. VIII, 1852, Lichenes
Pp. 53—228.)
3. Hue, A. M., Lichenes extra-europaei a pluribus collectoribus ad Museum Pa-
risiense missi. (Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 3, vol. X, 1898, p. 213—
2502°Ser.4, VOL, 18905. p:. 27-—220, taba — Wis ser. 4, vol. Ile roca mp
49—122, tab. I—V et ser. 4, vol. III, 1901, p. 21—108, tab. I—VI.)
4. —-—, Lichenes morphologice et anatomice descripsit. (Nouv. Archiv. du Mu-
seu, ser: 4, ‘vol: (MII, 1907) p:°237 2725 ser.) 4,7 vol. XK, 1908p. 169—
2242 Ser. 5, VOlul a 1909,' ps (Ini 006 ¥ ser: is) vols I jroio, p17 ebivet
ser. 5, vol: IV; *xqr2)ap. 1—§2.)
1 Die Flechten der Samoa-Inseln. (Denkschrift. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw. Klasse,
Band CXXXI, 1907, p. 2.)
318 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Hur, A. M., Lichenum generis Crocynia Mass. plerasque species jutxa arche-
typa specierum morphologice et anatomice descripsit. (Mémoir. Soc. Nation.
Scienc. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. XXXVII, 1909, p. 223—254.)
6. Jonow, F., Estudios sobre la Flora de las Islas de Juan Fernandez. (Santjago
de Chile, 1896, Lichenes p. 196—203.)
Montacne, C., Prodromus Florae Fernandezianae, sistens enumerationem plan-
tarum cellularum, quas in insula Juan Fernandez a Cl. Bertero collectas
describi edique curavit. (Annal. Scienc. Nat., Botan., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835.
Lichenes p. 86—94.)
8. Miurrer, I. (Arc.), Lichenologische Beitrige. XXVII. (Flora, vol. CXXI,
1888.)
Nyianper, W., Synopsis methodica Lichenum (Parisiis. Vol. I, 1859—60, vol.
II, 1863.)
10. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger. Botan.
vol; I'(1885, Lichenes p. 19—21.)
11. ‘laytor, Tu., New Lichens, principally from the Herbarium of Sir William I.
Hooker. (London Journ. of Botan., vol. VI, 1847, p. 148—197.)
12. ZAHLBRUCKNER, A., Flechten in »Botanische Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Ex-
pedition nach Patagonien und dem Feuerland 1917—1919>. (Kgl. Svensk.
Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., Vol. LVII, ser. 6, 1917, p. 1—81.)
Verrucariaceae.
Verrucaria (Wigg.) A. Zahlbr.
*V. microspora Nyl.
Nvt:'in Annal. ‘Scienc, Nat:,* Bot., “ser. 4, vol) Ill,/ 1855, p. 175 "et Bxpor
Synopt. Pyrenocarp., 1858, p. 29; A. ZautBr., Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I, 1921,
Dpi.O7
Das Lager der vorliegenden Stiicke ist sehr dunkel, zumeist braunlich-
schwarz; die Apothezien sind zahlreich und dicht gedrangt; die Sporen 9—TII p.
lang und 6—7 uw. breit.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, auf Strandfelsen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Microglaena Korb.
*M. fernandeziana A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus crustaceus, uniformis, maculas sat parvas, usque 12 mm latas
formans, substratum obducens, tenuis, vix 0,2 mm crassus, sordidulenti-alutaceus,
opacus, KHO et Ca Cl,O, non tinctus, minute areolatus, areolis ad 0,2 mm
latis, subangulosis, planis, fissuris tenuissimis separatis, in margine linea
obscuriore non cinctus, sorediis et isidiis non praeditus, superne strato cor-
ticali, ex hyphis intricatis formato obductus; stratum gonidiale sat angustum,
gonidiis cystococcoideis, globosis, glomeratis, laete viridibus, usque 10 y. latis;
medulla alba, I—.
Apothecia dispersa, sessilia, semigloboso-obconica, ad 0,5 mm lata et
totidem alta, thallo extus concoloria, vertice nigro, leviter deplanato vel modice
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 31g
convexo, poro tenui pertusa; excipulum subglobosum, angustum, pallidum, molle,
ex hyphis tangentialibus et conglutinatis formatum, involucrello non cinctum,
extus a thallo vestitum; hymenium decolor, nec inspersum nec guttulatum,
hymenogonidiis nullis, I lutescens; paraphyses persistentes, capillares, ramosae
et subintricatae, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci convergentes, oblongi
vel oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et ibidem membrana paulum crassiore
cincti, 8 spori; sperae in ascis bi- vel subuniseriales, verticales vel obliquae,
primum decolores, mox autem dilute olivaceae vel olivaceo-fumosae, denum
fuscae, ovales vel ovali-ellipsoideae, crebre murali-divisae, cellulis minutis, sub-
cubicis, 34—38 yu. longae et 13—16 yp. latae, halone non circumdatae, I subau-
rantiaco-lutescentes.
Pyenoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, auf Strandklippen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies, auf hartem Gestein (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Dermatocarpaceae.
Normandina (Nyl.) Wain.
*N. pulchella Ny].
Nyt. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., scr. 4, vol. XV, 1861, p. 382; A. ZAHLBR.,
Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I, 1921, p. 198. — Verrucaria pulchella Borr. apud
Hook. et SoweErB., Suppl. Engl. Bot., vol. I, 1831, tab. 2602, fig. 1.
Masatierra: Portezuelo, 400—500 m, iiber Flechten und Moosen, steril
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Pyrenulaceae.
Arthopyrenia Mass.
Conspectus specierum:
A. Sporae persistenter biloculares.
a. Loculi sporarum distincte inaequales A. adnexa var. leptosperma.
b. Loculi sporarum aequales A. cinchonae.
B. Sporae demum 4 loculares, ad latera lyrato-incisae A. planorots.
*A. cinchonae Miill. Arg.
Mitty. Arc. in Flora, vol. LXVI, 1883, p. 287 et in Mémoir. Suc. Phys. et
Hist. Nat. Geneve, vol. XXX, no. 3, 1888, p. 26; WaiIn., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol.
II, 1890, p.. 233; A. Zauter., Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. 1,.1921;'p, 302..— ,Verru-
carta cinchonae Ach., Synops. Lich., 1814, p. go.
Masatierra: Cordon Salsipuedes, bei 615 m, auf Dendroserzs-Zweigen (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
ie)
N
(@)
#4. adnexa Mill. Arg.
Muir. Arc. in Flora, vol. LXVI, 18383, p. 304; A. ZAHLBR., Catal. Lich.
Univers., vol. I, 1921, p. 312.
var. leptosperma A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Sporae angustiores ut in typo brasiliensi, 20—22 », longae et 7—9 y.
latae.
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia, bei 300 m, auf alter Lumaborke
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
A. planorbis Mill. Arg.
Mtr. Arc. in Mémoir. Soc.. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Genéve, -voll. XXX, no. 3,
1888, p. 27; A: Zanusr., Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I. 1921, Pp.) 3\O.ssmhertee
caria planorbis Ach., Synops. Lich., 1814, p. 92; Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat.,
Bot. Ser. 2, vol: 1V, “1835, (p: 193.
Masatierra: Auf glatten Rinden in schattigen Bergwaldern (BERTERO
no. 1618).
Coccotrema Mill. Arg.
C. Cucurbitula Mull. Arg.
Mix. Arc. in Mission Scientif. Cap Horn, vol. V, 1889, p.171;-A. ZAHLBR.,
Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I, 1922, p. 359. — fertusaria Cucurbitula Mont. apud
Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polite Chile, Botan., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 200.
var. laevigata A. Zahlbr.
A. Zautsr., Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I, 1922, p. 360. — Fertusarza Cucur-
bitula var. luevigata Nyl. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. III, 1855, p. 160.
Auf glatten Rinden, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (Herbar. Paris).
Porina Mill. Arg.
Conspectus specierum:
A. Apothecia a thallo libera
a. Apothecia nigra, 0,2—0,3 mm lata P. fernandeztana.
b. Apothecia rufofusca, vix 0,1 mm lata P. rufocarpella.
B. Apothecia a thallo crasse obducta P. depressula.
*P. fernandeziana A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, substrato arcte adnatus, effusus,
tenuis, ad 0,1 mm crassus, bene limitatus, sed linea obscuriore non cinctus,
versus partem marginalem thalli tamen hinc inde lineis obscuris parce decus-
satus, cervinus, fere opacus, KHO —, Ca Cl,0, —, continuis et inaequalis, passim,
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 321
sed rarius, valde tenuiter subareolato-rimosus, areolis minutis, sorediis et isidiis
nullis; fere homoeomericus, hyphae thalli latiusculae, toruloso-inaequales et
septatae, leptodermaticae, subintricatae; gonidia chroolepoidea, cellulis breviter
concatenatis, rotundatis, 7—12 y. latis, contentu viridiluteo, membrana _ tenui
cinctis.
Apothecia sat crebra, dispersa, rarius approximata, parva, 0.z—0O,3 mm
lata, nigra, opaca, madefacta nitidula, a thallo non vestita, plus minus convexa,
semiglobosa vel etiam paulum deplanata, poro demum valde tenui pertusa;
excipulum angustum, pallidum, fusco-lutescens, ex hyphis tenuissimis, tangen-
tialibus et dense conglutinatis formatum, 35—50 . crassum, involucrello fuli-
gineo, semigloboso, ad basin truncato, usque ad basin excipuli producto et
ibidem passim parum inflexo, arcte adhaerente obductum; nucleus conico-
globosus, ad basin plus minus deplanatus; hymenium decolor, purum, I lu-
tescens, imprimis asci; paraphyses capillares, strictiusculae, simplices, eseptatae,
ad apicem non crassiores; asci anguste rapiformes, versus apicem angustata, in
ipso vertice utplurimum retusuli, recti vel leviter curvuli, 8 spori, 80—85 u.
longi et 8—9g y. lati; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, subcylindrico-fusifor-
mes, ad spices rotundatae, rectae, 4 loculares, ad septa valde tenuia non con-
strictae, membrana tenui cinctae, 22—28 yp, longae et + 3.5 wv. latae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum minuta, vix 0,1 mm lata, nigra, convexa;
perifulerium fuligineum, dimidiatum; fulcra exobasidialia; pycnoconidia oblonga,
parva 3,5—4 w longa et ad I ». lata.
Masatierra: Cordén Salsipuedes, bei 465 m, auf vulkanischem Gestein
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Gehort in den Formenkreis der P. chlorotica (Ach.) Mill. Arg. und unter-
scheidet sich von den iibrigen Arten desselben durch das dickliche, glatte
Lager, gréssere Apothezien und schmalere Sporen.
*P, rufocarpella A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuissimus, effusus, cervinus vel
umbrino-cervinus, opacus, KHO —, Ca Cl,O, —, continuus, laevigatus, in mar-
gine linea obscuriore non limitatus, soredils et isidiis destitutus, fere homoeo-
mericus, gonidiis chroolepoideis, cellulis concatenatis, rotundatis vel subirre-
gularibus, 8—toy, latis, contentu viridi-lutescente, membrana crassiuscula cinctis.
Apothecia dispersa, exigua, vix 0,1 mm lata, convexa vel fere semiglobosa,
rufescentia, opaca, poro haud conspicuo, a thallo omnino libera; excipulum
integrum, globosum, angustum et decolor, involucrello sub lente subaurantiaco,
KHO rufescente, filamentoso-subcelluloso, molli, dimidiato, excipulo adhaerenti
praeditum; hymenium decolor, purum, I lutescens; paraphyses capillares, li-
berae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci fusiformes, recti vel
curvuli, ad apicem angustati et in ipso apice rotundato-retusi, 75— 78 p. longi
et 8—10 », lati, 8 spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, oblongo-fusiformes
vel oblongo-dactyloideae, rectae, triseptatae, cellulis aequalibus, septis tenuibus,
membrana tenui cinctae, 19—22 p. longae et + 3,5 wu. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Cordén Salsipuedes, 465 m, auf einem etwas iiberhangenden
vulkanischen Block (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
2I—2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
322 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Habituell der vorigen, mit ihr an demselben Standort lebenden Art sehr
ahnlich, aber mit ihr durch die kleinen, nicht schwarzen Apothezien nicht zu
verwechseln. Ahnliche Convergenzerscheinungen lassen sich auch bei anderen
Gattungen (z. B. Buellia) auf Juan Fernandez beobachten.
*P, depressula A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, subtartareus, tenuis, O,12—0,18 p.
crassus, argillaceo-cinerascens, madefactus argillaceus, opacus, KHO sanguineo-
sordidescens, Ca Cl,O, non tinctus, effusus, subcontinuus vel irregulariter, mi-
nute et tenuiter rimulosus, parum inaequalis, sorediis et isidiis nullis prae-
ditus, linea obscuriore non cinctus, superne strato corticali tenui, subdecolore,
ex hyphis intricatis formato obductus, caeterum fere homoeomericus; gonidia
chroolepoidea, crebra.
Apothecia verruciformia, dispersa vel approximata, sessilia, placentiformia,
ad basin bene constricta, ad verticem deplanata, sessilia, thallo concolora,
usque I mm lata, a thallo crassiuscule cincta (ibidem KHO sanguinea), in parte
verticali excipuli partem apicalem e plano convexam, sordide fuscescentem et
+ pruinosulam, madefactam rufam vel rufo-nigricantem, usque 0,5 mm latam
denudentia; excipulum integrum, inferne paulum angustius, rufescenti-ochraceum
vel rufescenti-lutescens, KHO rufescens, circa ostiolun plus minus nigricans, ex
hyphis tangentialibus, tenuibus et dense contextis formatum, globosum, superne
in collum breve, sat abrupte angustatatum abiens; hymenium decolor, purum, I
vix lutescens; paraphyses capillares, densae, strictae, liberae, simplices, escep-
tatae, ad apicem non latiores; periphyses filiformes, tenuies, densae, strictae,
collum intus obducentes; asci convergentes, oblongo- vel subcylindrico clavati,
rectiusculi, ad apicem rotundati et membrana passim bene incressata cincti,
8 spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, rarius subuniseriales, decolores, fusiformes
vel dactyloideo-fusiformes, utrinque acutatae, rectae vel subrectae, 10—12 locu-
lares, septis tenuibus et membrana tenui, 52—64 y. longae et 7,5—9 yp. latae.
Pycnoconidia ignota.
Masatierra: Quebrada Monte Maderugo, 390 m, auf einer Felswand (C.
et I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, auf einer feuchten, schattigen Fels-
wand (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Was die dussere Erscheinung betrifft, so herrscht zwischen der obigen
Art und der in Brasilien vorkommenden /orina exserta Mill. Arg. eine ge-
wisse Ubereinstimmung, es ist mir wahrscheinlich, dass beide Arten in verwandt-
schaftlicher Beziehung stehen. Indes ist die Gestaltung der Fruchtwarzen und
der Sporen nicht in Einklang zu bringen.
Pyrenula Ach.
Conspectus specierum:
A. Apothecia extus a thallo obducta et tautum vertice libera
P. aspistea.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 323
B: Apothecia nuda, nigra
a. Sporae 16—18 x 6—8 p P. mamillana.
b. Sporae 19—23 X 8—II yp. P. Kunthi.
P, aspistea Ach.
Acu. in Gesellsch. Naturf. Freund. Berlin. Magazin, vol. VI, 1814, p. 17, tab.
Il, fig. 8; A. Zantsr., Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I, 1922, p. 423. — Verrucaria
aspistea Afz. apud Ach., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 121; Mont. in Annal. Scienc.
Nat. bot., ser. 2; vol. IV, 1835, p. 93:
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO
no. 411); Cordon Salsipuedes, auf Drzmys-Zweigen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P, mamillana Trevis.
Trevis., Conspect. Verruc., 1860, p. 13; A. ZAHLBR., Catal. Lich. Univers.,
vol. I, 1922, p. 436. — Verrucaria mamillana Ach., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 279.
Masatierra: Cordon Chifladores, 350 m, auf Zweigen der Rodzusonza thu-
rifera; am Fusse eines Abhanges von El Yunque, bei 400 m, auf Myrceugenia-
Zweigen; Portezuelo, bei 600 m, auf Stammen der Rodznsonta thurifera; Que-
brada seca, 435 m, auf Dendroser7s‘Rinde; Cordén Salsipuedes, 615 m, auf
Dendroseris-Rinde (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
=P, Kunthii Fée.
Fé, Suppl. Essai Crypt. Ecorc. Offic., 1837, p. 80, tab. XLI, fig. 18; A.
ZAHLBR., Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I, 1922, p. 434. — Verrucaria Kunthit Fée,
Essai Crypt. Ecorc. Offic., 1824, p. 88, tab. XXXIV, fig. 4.
Masatierra: Cordén Chifladores, auf A/yrceugenia-Rinde; Portezuelo, beim
SELKIRK-Denkmal 590 m, auf Berberzs-Zweigen (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono, auf der Rinde der Myrceugenta Schulzet
(C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
Astrotheliaceae.
Pyrenastrum Eschw.
P. chilense Mont.
Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 2045
Jonow, Estud. Flor. Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 201. — Pyrenastrum americanum Mont.
in Annal. Scienc. Nat., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 94 (non Sprgl.).
Masatierra: auf Fagara-Rinde, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO
no. 1622).
324 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Sphaerophoraceae.
Sphaerophorus Pers.
S. melanocarpus DC.
DC.. apud Lam. et DC., Flor. Frang., edit. 2, vol.- V1, 1805,.p.,ayeceee
ZAHLBR., Catal. Lich. Univers., vol. I, 1922, p. 693. — Lzchen melanocarpus Sw.,
Nova Gener. et Spec. Plant., 1788, p. 147. — Sphaerophoron comspressum Ach.,
Method. Lich., 1803, p. 135.
Masatierra: Auf Baumstammen, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO),
auf dem Riicken zwischen Quebrada Piedra agujereada und Quebrada Laura,
625 m, am Fusse eines Drimys Stammes; Portezuelo, bei 500 m, auf Baum-
stammen; Felskamm unw. Tres Puntas, 300-350 m (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Las Torres, bei 1,200 m; Los Inocentes, siiddstliche Ab-
hange, 950 m, im Drzmys-Wald, am Fuss der Baumstamme (C. et I. SkorTs-
BERG).
Arthoniaceae.
Arthonia Ach.
Conspectus specierum:
A. Apothecia lirellina, elongata.
a. Sporae biloculares; loculi sporarum subaequales
A. cytist var. meridionalts.
b. Sporae triloculares; loculorum apicalis loculis reliquis latior et
major
I. Sporae 11—15 p. longae et 4—6 », latae A. subnebulosa.
II. Sporae 15—17 y. longae et 5—6 y, latae A. berberina.
B. Apotheria rotundata vel angulosa; sporae 4-—6 loculares, loculus spo-
rarum supremus maximus A. complanata.
*A. cytisi Mass. — Taf. 24, Fig. 1.
Mass. in Nuov. Annal. Sc. Nat. Bologna, vol. VII, 1835, p. 216; A. ZAHLBR.,
Catal. Lich. Univ., vol. II, 1922, p. 36. — Arthonia excipienda Nyl., Lich. Scandin,
LOO tp. 201.
var meridionalis A. Zahlbr. nov. var. — Taf. 24, Fig. 3—4.
Lirellae tenuiores et praesertim magis ramosae et plus minus radiatae.
Caeterum cum planta europaea congruens.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, 590 m, auf den Zweigen der Ber-
beris corymbosa (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
*A. subnebulosa A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epiphloeodes, tenuissimus, substratum arcte obducens, effusus, in
margine late ochraceo lutescens et nitidulus, in parte centrali magis albescens,
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 325
subnitidus vel fere opacus, KHO —, Ca Cl,0, —, laevigatus, continuus, in
ambitu linea tenui et nigricante cinctus, molliusculus, sorediis et isidiis desti-
tutus, homoeomericus; gonidia chroolepoidea, cellulis concatenatis, plus minus
rotundatis, 6-—10 y. latis, contentu dilute viridi-lutescente impletis.
Apothecia sessilia, depressa, maculiformisubstellata, ramis brevibus, ut-
plurimum confluentibus, I—1,3 mm latis et paulum longioribus, obscure fusca,
epruinosa, emarginata, demum elabentia; hymenium angustum, superne rufo-
fuscum et KHO paulum in olivaceum vergens, caeterum decolor et purum, |
cupreum; hypothecium decolor; paraphyses tenues, eseptatae, intricatae; asci
pyriformi-subglobosae, ad basin abrupte cuneati, 28—30 p, longi et 18—2o0 up,
lati, 8 spori; sporae in ascis 3—4 seriales, ex incolore mox fuscidulae et demum
fusco-obscuratae, solaeformes, rectae vel curvulae, triloculares, loculus apicalis
reliquis latior et major, membrana tenui cinctae, II—1I5 y. longae et 4—6 u,
latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Quebrada Gutierrez, auf Fwanza-Rinde (C. et I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
Die neue Art geh6drt zu jenen Arthonien, welche konstant dreizellige Spo-
ren besitzen. Die Sporen der bisher bekannten Arten dieses Formenkreises
sind durchwegs grosser. Benachbarte Arten diirften Avthonia ephelodes Nyl.
und Arthonia scitula Krph. sein.
*A. berberina A. Zahlbr. nov. spec. — Taf. 24, Fig. 2.
Thallus epiphloeodes, tenuis, uniformis, flavido-albescens, nitidulus et laevi-
gatus, circa apothecia albidior, opacus et leviter verruculoso-inaequalis, KHO —,
Ca Cl,0, —, effusus, continuus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, in margine passim
linea nigricante et tenui cinctus; gonidia chroolepoidea.
Apothecia sessilia, immarginata, fusco-nigricantia, epruinosa, madefacte
plus minus in sanguineo-fuscum vergentia, irregulariter stellato-radiata, ramis
sat brevibus, angustis, ad apicem rotundatis vel retusatis, convexiusculis, usque
I mm longis; hymenium superne rufo-fuscum, KHO nigricans, non inspersum,
caeterum decolor, purum, 70—80 ». altum, I e coeruleo cupreo-sordidescens;
hypothecium tenue, pallidum, flavescens, molle, ex hyphis intricatis formatum;
paraphyses tenuies, ramosae et intricatae, parum distinctae, eseptatae; asci
late pyriformes, ovali- vel subgloboso-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana
crassa cincti, 40 —48 w. longi et 16 —18 », lati, 8 spori; sporae in ascis triseriales,
decolores, ellipsoideae vel oblongo-subcuneatae, utrinque rotundatae, rectae,
triseptatae, loculus apicalis reliquis multum major et paulum latior, septis te-
nuibus, ad septa non constrictae, 15—17 uw. longae et 5—6 uy, latae, I cupreae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum minuta, punctiformia, vertice nigro, vix
prominulo; perifulcrium dimidiatum, sub lente obscure fuscum; fulcra exo-
basidialia; pycnoconidia bacillaria, recta vel subrecta, 3,5—4 yp. longa at ad
0,6 p. lata.
Masatierra: Portezuelo, beim SELRIRK-Denkmal, 590 m, auf Aerberzs-
Zweiglein (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
Die Art gehort in den Artenkreis der Avthonia varia (Ach.) Nyl. und
326 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
weicht durch die Gesamtheit der Merkmale von den wbrigen Gliedern der
Gruppe ab.
*A,. complanata Feée.
Fir, Essai Crypt. Ecorc. Officin., 1824, p. 54; A. Zanrer., Catal. Lich. Uni-
vers:, vol. dij«1922, 9p: 22
Masatierra: Cordén Salsipuedes, auf Drzmys-Zweigen (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
Graphidaceae.
Graphis (Adans.) Ach.
*G. intricata Fee.
Fir, Essai Crypt. Ecorc. Officin., 1824, p. 42, tab. IX, fig. 3; A. ZaHLBr.’
Catal. Lich, Univ., vols-ll, 1923; 5p: 313:
Masatierra: Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf /agara-Rinde (C. und I. SKOTTs-
BERG).
Die Stiicke von Juan Fernandez zeigen nur seltener sternformige Lirellen,
diese sind zumeist einfach oder sparlich verzweigt, doch bildet FEE auch solche
ab. Die Sporen fand ich 8—g-zellig, 36—4o p. lang und 8,5—9 u. breit. Das
Excipulum ist kohlig, geschlossen, am Grunde abgestutzt und nur etwas dicker;
die Lippen sind zugespitzt und neigen gegen einander.
*G. Dumastii Sprgl.
SPRGL., Syst. Veget., vol. IV, pars 1, 1827, p. 254;:A. Zautsr, Catal.- Lich.
Univers., vol. II, 1923, p. 302. — Mssurina Dumastii Fée, Essai Crypt. Ecore.
Offhein: 18240p5 XC, tabs al shieie7 etisp-45o, tab AScVa, (fig. 24:
Masatierra: Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf der Rinde der Dendroseris
micrantha (C. und I, SKOTTSBERG).
Lirellae labiis thallinis integris, superne conniventibus, strato corticali an-
gusto, I2—16 », crasso, decolore, subchondroideo, ex hyphis dense conglutinatis
longitudinalibus formato obductae, gonidia pauca et medullam subcineream
includentes; excipulum rudimentarium, anguste flabellatum, sordide fuscidulum,
parti superiori hymenii adnatum; hypothecium valde angustum, decolor; hy-
menium decolor, purum, superne non obscuratum, I vix lutescens; paraphyses
strictae, filiformes, contextae, simplices, eseptatae; asci anguste clavati, 8 spori;
sporae in ascis subuniseriales, decolores, late ellipsoideae, apicibus obtuse rotun-
datis, rectae, 4 loculares, loculis lentiformibus, 21—24 ». longae et 10—I3 yp.
latae, I pallide aurantiaco-cupreae.
MONTAGNE gibt fiir Masatierra als auf Rinden lebend noch Graphis scripia
(L.) Ach. an. Mir ist diese Flechte in der SKOTTSBERG’schen Aufsammlung
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 327
nicht aufgefallen. Ich halte ihr Vorkommen nicht fiir wahrscheinlich, obwohl
sie auch fiir Chili angegeben wird. Die alteren Angaben dieser Flechte beziehen
sich vielfach auf andere Arten der Gattung Grapjiis.
Phaeographina Mill. Arg.
P. scalpturata Mill. Arg.
Mtr. Arc. in Flora, vol. LXV, 1882, p. 399 et in Mémoir. Soc. Phys. et
Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. XXIX, no. 8, 1887, p. 48; A. ZAHLBR. in Sitzungsber.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw. Kl., vol. CXI, Abt. 1, 1g02, p. 388, tab. II, fig.
15—16. — Graphtis scalpturata Ach., Synops. Lich., 1814, p. 86; Monr. in Annal.
science. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 93.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO
no. 1612).
Ich fand diese in den subtropischen und tropischen Regionen lebende
Flechte in der SKOTTSBERG’schen Aufsammlung nicht. Die Angabe ware zu
iiberpriifen.
Chiodectonaceae.
Enterostigma.
E. Skottsbergii A. Zahlbr.
A. ZAHLBR. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. g.
Masafuera: auf dem Hochplateau, 1,100—1,200 m, auf Lava (C. et I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Dirinaceae.
Dirina Fr.
*D. limitata Ny].
Nyx. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. III, 1855, p. 158.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, auf Strandfelsen (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
Lecanactidaceae.
Schismatomma Fw. et Korb.
*S. accedens A. Zahlbr. ts comb.
Lecidea accedens Ny. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. III, 1855, p. 163
et vol. XI, 1869, p. 225, not. — TZoninia accedens A. Zahlbr. in Beiheft. zum Bot.
Centralbl., vol. XIX, 2. Abt., 1905, p. 77.
328 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Thallus epilithicus, crassiusculus, bullatus, bullato-verrucosus vel subcere-
brinus, verrucae ad ambitum thalli subdispersae, mox autem confluentes et
thallum expansum formantes, rufescenti-fuscescens vel badius, rarius primum
testaceo-fuscescens, fere opacus, KHO —, Ca Cl,O, —, in superficie laevigatus
vel toruloso-subplicatus, subtus niger vel nigrescens, sorediis et isidiis nullis,
hypothallo nigricante, ex hyphis formato laxiuscule retiformi-contextis, fuscis
vel nigricantibus, usque 3,5 y. crassis, ramosis; superne et ad latere verrucarum
distincte, subtus minus distincte corticatus; cortex ad ambitum rufo-fuscus,
caeterum decolor, chondroideus, 44— 90 y. crassus, ex hyphis intricatis et dense
contextis formatur, non inspersus; medulla crassa, solida, tartarea, alba vel
dilute flavescenti-albida, KHO, Ca Cl,O, et KHO + CaCl,O, non tingitur, I
lutescit, ex hyphis inspersis, intricatis, ad 2 yp. crassis, sat leptodermaticitis for-
mata; stratum gonidiale infra corticem superiorem situm, continuum, gonidiis
chroolepoideis, cellulis rotundatis vel irregularibus, increbre concatenatis, con-
tentu pallide viridescente, membrana tenui cinctis, 8—16 yw, longis.
Apothecia e verrucis erumpentia, mox alte sessilia vel subpodicellata,
dispersa, lecanorina, rotunda vel rotundata, demum sinuoso-flexuosa, ad basin
bene constricta, usque 25 mm lata; receptaculum extus laevigatum, corticatum,
medullam sat amplam et gonidia includens; discus dense caesio-pruinosus, albus,
opacus, KHO —, CaCl,0O, —, planus vel convexiusculus, demum (ut videtur
morbose) pruina destitutus et niger; margo tenuis, integer vel subinteger, thallo
concolor vel paulum_ pallidior, leviter prominulus, persistens; hypothecium
obscure rufo-fuscum vel nigricans, ad latera sat tenue, infra hymenium crassiu-
sculum, ex hyphis plus minus perpendicularibus, versus hymenium non bene
limitatis et passim in cum penetrantibus formatum; hymenium superne crassius-
cule pulverulento-inspersum, sordidum, caeterum fere decolor vel dilute fuscescens,
spumoso-inspersum, 170—190 y, altum, I vinose cupreum vel pro parte aeru-
ginoso-obscuratum; paraphyses filiformes, 1,;—1,8 p crassae, leviter flexuosae,
ramosae et subintricatim connexae, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci
hymenio subaequilongi, facile liberi, clavati, ad basin caudato angustati, ad
apicem rotundati et membrana incrassata cincti, 8 spori; sporae in ascis biseriales,
subdigitiformes, ellipsoideo-oblongae vel oblongo-fusiformes, utrinque rotundati,
rectae, triseptatae, septis tenuibus, 20—25 py. longae et 5,5—8 wy. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Cordon Salsipuedes (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Ohne ein Urstiick der NYLANDER’schen Art gesehen zu haben, bin ich
bei den augenfalligen habituellen Merkmalen dieser Flechte sicher, sie richtig
gedeutet zu haben. NYLANDER stellte die Flechte zu den Zondnzen, in welcher
Auffassung ich ihm friiher folgte, da ich keine Gelegenheit hatte, sie naher zu
studieren. Ubrigens sagt NYLANDER selbst, dass er seine Beschreibung nach
einem kimmerlichen Exemplar entwarf, sonst ware ihm der Gonidientypus
sicherlich nicht fremd geblieben. Von den Paraphysen wird ferner gesagt,
dass sie »graciles» waren, was die Frage, ob in einfach oder verzweigt, ein-
fach, wie bei TZonzuza, oder verdstelt und mehr weniger netzartig-verbunden,
wir bei Schzsmatomma seien, offen Jasst. Auch das bei den Schzsamatommen
und Lecanactis-Arten so oft zu beobachtende leichte Loslésen der Schlauche von
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 329
den Paraphysen wird nicht erwahnt. Alle diese Merkmale aber sind fir die
generische Einreihung der Flechte massgebend.
Habituell dhnlich ist die ebenfalls auf Juan Fernandez vorkommende
Toninia bullata, sie kann aber mit dieser Flechte wegen des glanzenden
Thallus und der schwarzen Apothezien schon ausserlich nicht verwechselt wer-
den; bei mikroskopischer Untersuchung treten die trennenden Merkmale noch
mehr hervor.
[(Chrysothricaceae.
Chrysothrix noli tangere Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, vol. XVIII,
1852, p. 313 et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 213;
Mass. in J. R. Istit. Veneto, ser. 3, vol. V, 1860, p. 499, tab. III; Senft in Ber.
Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch., vol. XXXIV, 1916, p. 592, tab. XVII. — Cilicia nol
tangere Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. Il, 1834, p. 375, tab. XVI,
ne 2 ét vol. IV, 1835; p: 94:
Zweifelhaft. MontaGNne schreibt, Prodr., 1835 p. 94: Crescit ad ramulos ar-
borum et in Usnea ceratina: Sterilis lecta. Specimina chilensia sola fructifera vidi. —
BertERo coll. n. 176. — In Annal. 1834 werden nur Bertero’s Exemplare aus
Chile erwihnt: diese sind fertil, die insularen sollen aber steril sein. Wahrscheinlich
stammen aber auch die sterilen Stiicke aus Chile, jedenfalls die auf Uswea wach-
senden, aber wohl auch die anderen. Néaheres bei Ramalina und Usnea.]
Byssocaulon Mont.
B. niveum Mont. — Taf. 25, Fig. 2.
Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot, ser. 2, vol. III, 1835, p. 355; Born. in
Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 5, vol. XVII, 1873, p. 60, tab. VII, fig. 5; BonnreR
in Journ. de Bot., vol. I, 1887, p. 3, fig. 6; Nvyv., Lich. Japon., 1890. p. 59. —
Parmelia gossypina var. filamentosa Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, vol.
XVI, 1851, p. 50 et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p.
144; Jonow, Estud. Flor. Juan Fernandez, 1896, p. 201. — Syssocaulon filamen-
tosum Ny\. in Mémoir. Soc. Scienc. Natur. Cherbourg, vol. V, 1857, p. 119. — Cro-
cynia nivea Hue in Mémoir. Soc. Nation. Scienc. Natur. Cherbourg, vol. XXXVH,
1909, Pp. 244.
Masatierra: auf Baumrinden in schattigen Waldern der hdchsten Berge
(BERTERO); Cordén Central, 500 m, auf feuchten Felsen uber verwitterten
Moosen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG); Pangal, bei 600 m, tiber Moosen (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG); am Wege bei Portezuelo, auf Baumrinden (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Thelotremaceae.
Ocellularia Sprgl.
#Q. (sect. Ascédium) subdenticulata A. Zahlbr. nov. spec. — Taf. 24,
Fig. 6.
Thallus substratum obducens, tenuis, submembranaceus, albus, opacus,
KHO —, Ca CI,O, —, continuus, plus minus aequalis, sorediis et isidiis destitutus,
haud bene limitatus et linea obscuriore non cinctus.
330 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Apothecia dispersa vel approximata, sessilia, depresso-subglobosa, ad basin
distincte constricta, 0,6—O,8 mm lata et fere totidem alta; discus immersus,
pallide fusco-rufescenticarneus, opacus, epruinosus, angustus et demum hymenio
elapso dilatatus; receptaculum rufescenti-aJbidum, circa discum album, marginem
annulatum, demum crenulatum vel subdenticulatum formans; excipulum duplex,
interius decolor, angustum, ex hyphis tangentialibus, tenuibus et dense conglu-
tinatis formatum, exterius sat crassum, obscure rufofuscum, KHO sanguineo-
rufescens; hymenium decolor, purum, I lutescens, non columellatum; paraphyses
capillares, densae, strictae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci
saccato-clavati, recti, ad apicem rotundati et membrana incrassata cincti, 4—8
spori, I cuprei; sporae in ascis 2—3 seriales, decolores, fusiformes, plus minus
vermiculares, 16—20 loculares, loculis depresso-lentiformibus, centralibus re-
liquis paulum latioribus, 50—80 yu, longae et 7—9 ». latae, I violascentes.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masafuera: Nordlicher Teil der hohen Kammes, auf bemoosten Dzck-
sonza-Stammen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Thelotrema (Ach.) Mill. Arg.
*T. lepadinum Ach.
Masatierra: Cordén Chifladores, auf Baumrinden (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG);
Quebrada Gutierrez, auf Fuanza-Rinde (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG); Quebrada seca,
435 m, auf der Rinde von Coprvosma und Fagara (C. et I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia, im Walde auf Lama-Rinde, 800 m
(Cz let J.’ SKOTTSBERG).
Stimmt mit der europaischen Pflanze vollig tiberein. Auf diese Flechte
diirfte sich jenes Zkelostrema beziehen, welche CROMBIE (Journ. Linn. Soc.
London, Bot., vol. XVI, p. 223) ohne nahere Bestimmung der Art fiir Juan
Fernandez angibt.
Diploschistaceae. ~
Diphloschistes Norm.
A. Apothecia pyrenocarpoidea, disco minuto et margine radiato-plicato;
thallus KHO D. actinostomus.
B. Apothecia lecanorina, disco lato; thallus KHO lutescens
D. scruposus vat. arenarius.
D. actinostomus A. Zahlbr.
A. Zautpr. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXI, 1892, p. 34; A. L. Smiru, Monogr. Brit.
Lich., vol. I, 1918, p. 384; Wain. in Acta Acad. Scient. Fennic., ser. A, vol. VI,
no. 7, 1915, p. 132. — Urceolaria actinostoma Pers. apud Acu., Lichenogr. Univ.,
1810, p. 288. — Verrucaria actinostoma Ach., Lichenogr. Univ., 1810, p. 288;
Mon, in, Annal.. Scienc. Nat., Bot., sex. 2, vol. 1V, 1835, p. 93.
Masatierra: Auf Felsen in den Bergen (BERTERO no. 374).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 331
D. scruposus Norm.
Norm. in Nyt Magaz. for Naturv., vol. VII, 1853, p. 232. — Urceolaria
scruposa Ach., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 147; Croms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. London,
Bot., vol. XVI, 1877, p. 223; JoHow, Estud. Flor. Juan Fernandez, 1896, p. 200.
Masatierra: ohne nahere Standortsangabe (MOSELEY).
var. arenarius Mill. Arg.
Mirr. Arc. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXIII, 1892, p. 196; Stnr. in Verhandl.
zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. LXI, 1911, p..45. — Urceolaria scruposa var. arenaria
Senaer., Lich. Helvet. Spicil:, sect. 2, 1826, p: 75.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances, auf der Erde (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG); Cor-
don Centinela, auf losem Tuff (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG); Strandgebiet zwischen
der Kolonie und Pangal, auf der Erde (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Gyalectaceae.
Microphiale (Stzbg.) A. Zahlbr.
*M. lutea A. Zahlbr.
A. Zautpr. in Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw. Classe, vol.
CXI, 1. Abt., 1902, p. 393. — Lichen luteus Dicks., Fasc. Plant. Crypt. Brit., vol. I,
Epos, p. 11, tab. IT, fig. 6.
Receptaculum crassiuscule corticatum, cortice chondroideo, extus anguste
ochraceo-flavescente, intus hyalino, ex hyphis radiantibus, tenuibus et intricatis
formato, medullam et gonidia increbra, in parte inferiore sita includente;
hypothecium lutescens, molle, ex hyphis intricatis formatur; hymenium superne
anguste dilute sordidescens, caeterum decolor et purum, 70—8o ». altum, I e
coeruleo aeruginoso-sordidulum; paraphyses strictae, filiformes, simplices, esep-
tatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci oblongo-clavati, hymenio subaequilongi, ad
apicem angustato rotundati et membrana vix crassiore praediti, 8 sport; sporae
in ascis plus minus biseriales, decolores, fusiformi-oblongae, ad apices rotun-
datae, rectae, uniseptatae, septo et membrana tenui, cellulis acqualibus, 1o—13 p.
longae et 3,5—4 yw. latae.
Masatierra: auf dem Riicken oberhalb Pangal, 400 m, auf Coprosma py-
vifolium und Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Coprosma triflorum (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono, 475 m, auf Myrceugenia Schulzei (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Gyalecta Ach.
*G, jenensis A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Lichen jenensis Batsch, Elench. Fungor., Cent. prima, 1786, p. 219, fig. 153.
— Lichen cupularis Hedw., Descript. et Adumbr. Muscor. Frondos., vol. H, 1789,
332 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
p- 58, tab. XX, fig. B. — Gyalecta cupularis Schaer., Lich. Helvet. Spicil., sect. 2,
Lo20,0D» 7.0.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, auf Strandklippen und auf der Steilwand
siidlich von Tres Puntas, 380 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Pachyphiale Lonnr.
P. cornea Poetsch et Schiederm.
Portscu und Scureperm., Aufzahl. samenl. Pflanzen., 1872, p. 222. — Lzchen
corneus With., A Botan. Arrang. Brit. Plants, vol. II, 1776, p. 712. — JLecidea car-
neola Ach., Lichenogr. Univ., 1810, p. 194, tab. Il, fig. 7. — Szatora carneola Fr.
in Kgl. .Vetensk.-Akad. Nya Handl., 1822, p. 267; Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat.,
Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p:,03 et -apud (Gay, Hist. Kisic. y Polit. @huvlemiagien
vol. VIII, 1852, p. 174; JoHow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernandez, 1896, p. 201.
Masatierra: auf Baumrinden (BERTERO no. 20).
Unter den von SKOTTSBERG gesammelten Flechten fand ich diese Art nicht.
’ Coenogoniaceae,
Coenogonium Ebrbg.
*C. velutinum A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus glauco-cinerascens, opacus, substrato omnius adnotus, aequaliter
velutino-pannosus, pulvinulos deplanatos, rotundatos, usque 4 cm latos et demum
plus minus confluentes, caeterum bene limitatos formans; filamenta 7,5—9,5 p.
crassa, septata, cellulis cylindricis, 18—25 p longis, ad septa non constrictis,
membrana et septo mediocri cinctis, increbre ramosa, extus hyphis_ verti-
calibus.
Apothecia biatorina, sessilia, dispersa vel approximata, usque I,2 mm lata,
ceraceo aurantiaca, epruinosa, e concaviusculo subplana vel vix convexa; margo
disco pallidior, albidellus, tenuis, integer, persistens; excipulum integrum ad
latera hymenii angustius quam infra hypothecium, ex hyphis radiantibus, dense
conglutinatis et crebre septatis formatum, paraplectenchymaticum, I dilute
coerulescens; hypothecium pallidum, flavescens, ex hyphis valde tenuibus et
intricatis contextum; hymenium fere decolor, tantum superne dilute flavens,
purum, 100-110 », altum, I e coeruleo mox rufescenti-obscuratum; paraphyses
graciles, strictae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem haud latiores; asci copiosi,
angusti, subcylindrici et paulum clavati, hymenio subaequilongi, 8 spori; sporae
in ascis subuniseriales, decolores, ellipsoideae vel ellipsoideo-fusiformes, versus
apices angustatae, uniseptatae, membrana et septo tenui, ad septa non con-
strictae, rectae, 9,5;—11 » longae et 3—3,5 p. longae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: an den siidlichen Abhaingen des El! Yunque, 500 m, auf
Drimys-Stammen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 333
Die Lagerfaden, Gestalt und Grodsse der Sporen sind wie bei Coenogonium
complexum Nyl., aber die Paraphysenende sind nie kopfformig, ausserdem ist
das Lager gleichmassig ausgebreitet und tragt keine zottigen Biischel.
Racodium Fr.
R. rupestre Pers.
Cystocoleus rupestris ‘Thw.; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 203.
Masatierra: ohne naheren Standort,.auf vulkanischem Gestein (JOHOW.)
Collemaceae.
Lemmopsis (Wain.) A. Zahlbr.
*L. polychidioides A. Zahlbr. nov. spec. — Taf. 25, Fig. 7.
Thallus minute filamentose et irregulariter ramosus, ramis densis, filifor-
mibus, cylindricis, vix 0,1 mm latis, sat brevibus,;decumbentibus, rigidiusculis
et implexis, luride fuscescentibus, madefactis obscurioribus, homoeomericus,
omnim paraplectenchymaticus, cellulis marginalibus angulosis, internis magis
rotundatis, omnibus valde leptodermaticis, 6—11 p. latis, ad ambitum thalli extus
strato tenui, amorpho, lutescente passim tectis; gonidia nostocacea, concatenata,
catenis ut plurimum abbreviatis, cellulis rotundis, 5—6 yp. latis.
Apothecia biatorina, sessilia, 1—1,5 mm lata, rufa, opaca, e concaviusculo
demum convexa; margo disco paulum dilutior, tenuis, integer; receptaculum ex
hyphis radiantibus, septatis (cellulis cylindricis) et leptodermaticis formatum;
excipulum dimidiatum, tantum ad latera hymenii evolutum et leviter infra hy-
menium productum, ex hyphis tangentialibus, tenuibus, dense contextis com-
positum; hypothecium sat crassum, fere hymenio subaequilatum, subdecolor
(pallide lutescens), ex hyphis intricatis formatum; hymenium superne anguste
rufofuscum, caeterum decolor et purum, 100-110 y. altum, I e coeruleo cupreo-
luridum; paraphyses filiformes, conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem
clavatae; asci cylindrico-clavati, hymenio subaequilongi, ad apicem rotundati et
membrana modice incrassata cincti, 8 spori; sporae in ascis uni- vel subbiseriales,
simplices, decolores, ovales vel late ellipsoideae, utrinque acutatae, membrana
tenui cinctae, 12—15 p. longae et 7,5—8 yp. latae.
Pycnoconidia, ignota.
Masatierra: Cordén Chifladores, auf morschen. Baumzweigen (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Im Habitus gleicht die neue Art sehr dem Polychidium muscicolum, nur die
Apothezien sind heller und zeigen das Rotbraun der Pannarza-Apothezien. Das
Lager ist anatomisch gebaut wie die Arten der Sekzion Homodium der Gattung
Leptogium. Lemmopsis Arnuldiana (Hepp) A. Zahlbr. besitzt eine obere und
untere Rinde aus eckigen Zellen gebildet, das Innere ist homoemerisch, wie
bei Collema; diese Art entspricht demnach in ihrem anatomische Bau der
Sekzion Euleptogium. Somit sehen wir derzeit bei Lemmopszs zwei anato-
334 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
mische Typen inbezug des Lagers und es lassen sich darauf in analoger Weise
zwei Sekzionen: Lulemmopsis A. Zahlbr. nov. sect. und Homodiopsis A. Zahlbr.
nov. sect. begriinden.
Physma Mass.
*P, chilense Hue. — Taf. 25, Fig. 4.
HveE in Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., ser. 5, vol. IX, 1906, p. 126. — Physma
tricolor A. Zahlbr. in Annal. Mycolog., vol. VI, 1908, p. 132. — Lrcuter, Plant.
Chilens. exsicc. no. 637!
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, bei 500 m, auf Astchen der Fagara
Mayu, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Leptogium (Ach.) S. Gray.
A. Thallus subtus nudus, rhizinis nullis.
a. Apothecia pustulis thalli inflatis, excavatis immersa; margo thal-
linus plicato-rugosus L. phyllocarpum.
b. Apothecia peltato-sessilia, lecanorina; margo + integer.
ga. Thallus tenuiter isidiosus L. caestum.
fo
6. Thallus nudus, isidiis destitutus.
I. Stratum medullare tenue, haud distincte mucosum.
1. Thallus plumbens vel coerulescens JL. molluccanum.
2. Thallus atroviridis L. moluccanum f£. marianum.
II. Stratum medullare bene evolutum et bene mucosum
L. tremellotdes.
B. Thallus subtus dense albo-rhizinosus L. Menziesiz.
C. Thallus utrinqgue tomentosus L. callithamnium.
*=L. moluccanum Wain.
Watn., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 1890 p. 223; A. ZaHLBR. in Kgl. Svensk.
Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. 12. — Collema moluccanum Pers.
apud Gaunpicu., Voy. Uranie, Bot., 1826, p. 203.
Haufig auf Juan Fernandez.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana, 248 m, auf Baumrinden im Walde,
fruchtend; Bahia Cumberland, Cordén Central, 530 m, auf Denxdroseris, fruch-
tend, Valle Colonial, Quebrada del Portezuelo, 349 m, im Walde auf Rinden,
fruchtend; Quebrada seca, auf Dendroseris micrantha; Quebrada Monte Ma-
derugo, auf Rinden; Cordén Salsipuedes, auf Wargyricarpus, fruchtend; Riicken
zwischen Quebrada Laura und Quebrada Piedra agujereada, 625 m, auf Rin-
den, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia, 250—300 m, auf Baumrinden und
Steinen im Walde, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 335
f. marianum Wain.
Warn., Efud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 1890, p. 224. —- Collema marianum Pers.
apud Gavupicu., Voy. Uranie, Bot., 1826, p. 203; Monr. in Annal. Scienc. Nat.,
Bot. ser. ‘2; vol. IV,°1835, p: 93
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden (BERTERO no. 1645). — Vielleicht nur der
Typus der Art.
L. tremelloides S. Gray.
S. Gray, A Natur. Arrang. Brit. Plants, vol. I, 1821, p. 400; Watn., Etud.
Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 1890, p. 224 et in Annal. Acad. Scient. Fennic., ser. A, vol.
VE no. 7, 1915, p. 107. — Lichen tremelloides Linn. f., Suppl. Spec. Plant., 178r,
Pp. 450.
Masatierra: Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf J/yrceugenia-Rinde, fruchtend
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. azureum Nyl.
Ny. Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1858, p. 125. — Lzchen azureus Sw. apud Acu.,
Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr., 1798, p. 137. — Collema azureum Ach., Lichenogr. Uni-
vers., 1810, p. 664; Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. 1V, 1835, p.
93. — Leptegium azureum Mont. apud Wess, Hist. Natur. Iles Canar., vol. II, 2
part., 1840, p. 129; Croms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., vol. XVI, 1877, p.
223 et in Rep. Voy. Challenger, Bot., 1835, p. 89.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO
no. 1640; MOSELEY).
*L. caesium Wain.
Wain., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 1890, p. 225. — Collema tremelloides var.
caestum Ach., Lichenogr. Univers., 1810, p. 656.
Masatierra: Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Rinden, steril und Quebrada
Juanango, 250 m, auf Rinden, fruchtend (C. und I SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia, 280 m, auf glatten Baumrinden,
steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
L. phyllocarpum Mont.
Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, vol. X, 1848, p. 134; WAIN., Etud.
Rich? Brésil;; voli. I) 1890); p. 1230. — Gall phyllocarpum Pers. apud Gaupicu.,
Voy. Uranie, Bot., 1826, p. 204; Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., semf2iivek
PVE LOS. Ds 03.
Masatierra: Auf Baumzweigen in den feuchteren und kihleren Gebirgs-
waldern (BERTERO no. 1644). Cordén Centinela, 530—600 m, auf Baumasten,
fruchtend und Portezuelo de Villagra, bei 500 m, auf /agara Asten, fruchtend
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
226 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
33
*J7|, Menziesii Mont.
Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, vol. XVIII, 1852,"p. 313-et apud
Gay, Hist. Fisic.y Polit.,;Chile, Bot., vol. VII, 1852,;p. 223, tab. XIIL) fieagee
Nyt., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1858, p. 128; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser.
vol. X, 1898, p. 229. — Lichen Menziesti Sm. apud Acu., Method. Lich., 1803,
4
Por
p: 22.
Masafuera: im Hochlande, bei 1,200 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
L. callithamnium Ny].
Nv. Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1858, p. 126; Warn, in Annal. Acad. Scient
Fennic., ser. A, vol. VI, 1915, p. 105. — Stecta callithamnia ‘Yayl\. in Hoox., Lon-
don Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 183. — Stetina callithamnia Mill. Arg. in
Flora, vol. LXXI, 1888, p. 164; StzBer. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 137.
Masatierra: ohne Standortsangabe (BERTERO no. 163g!); Cordén Cen-
tinela, 530 m, auf Baumrinden, steril und Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Baum-
rinde, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Den anatomischen Bau des Lagers fand ich mit der Beschreibung WAINIO’s
vollig tibereinstimmend; dieser und die Gestalt der Sporen sind fiir die gene-
riche Zuweisung ausschlaggebend.
Pannariaceae.
Parmeliella Mill. Arg.
A. Thallus caespitoso-polyphyllus ut in Dermatocarpone aquatico, livido-
fuscescens, species saxicola P. symptychta-
B. Thallus subcrustoso-squamulosus, squamis planis et adpressis, pallidus;
species corticola P. nigrocincta.
P. nigrocincta Mill. Arg.
Mitty. Arc. in Flora, vol. LXIV, 1881, p. 86. — FParmelia nigrocincta Mont.
in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 91 et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic.
y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 142; JoHow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernandez,
1896, p. 200. — Pannaria nigrocincta Nyl. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol.
III, 1355, p. 182 et Synops. Lich., vol. Il, 1863, p. 39; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du
Muséum, ser. 4, vol. X, (1908) 1909, p. 204.
Masatierra: ohne Standortsangabe, auf Rinden (BERTERO); Cordén Chifla-
dores, 350 m, auf Rodbinsonia thurifera, auf dem Riicken iiber Pangal, 400 m,
und Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Coprosma (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada Loberia, 300 m, auf Baumrinden (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
Parmeliella(?) symptychia A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Lannaria symptychia Tuck. in Proceed. Americ. Acad. Acts and Scienc., vol.
XII, 1877, p. 168 et Synops. North Americ. Lich., vol. II, 1888, p. 144.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 337
Auf Felsen, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (HILL).
Ich sah diese Flechte nicht und bin tiber ihre Gattungszugehorigkeit nicht
sicher.
Pannaria Del.
A. Thallus omnino paraplectenchymaticus P. fuegiensis.
B. Thallus stratosus,.
a. Thallus laciniato—incisus; apothecia rufa, sporae 17—30 p. longae
P. rubiginosa.
b. Thallus fere crustaceus, in margine minute lobulatus; apothecia
alutacea; sporae usque 14 p. longae P. hilarts.
*P. fuegiensis A. Zahlbr.
A. Zaucpr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6. 1917, p. 13.
Masatierra: Quebrada Juanango, auf abgestorbenen Baumstammen (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P, hilaris A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus in hypothallo nigro, tenui primum rosulas parvas, plus minus ro-
tundatas, subplacodiformes, hypothallo arcte adpressas format, rosulae demum
confluent et in thallum subcrustaceum, usque 5 cm latum abeunt, thallus valde
tenuis, 0,;—0,8 mm crassus, cinereo-caesius, opacus, KHO —, CaCl,O, —,
centro utplurimum pulverulento-granulosus, subareolatim rimosus, (areolis parvis)
et in ambitu effiguratus, lobi marginales rotundati, incisi vel inciso-crenati,
arcte adpressi, ab hypothallo cincti; soredia et isidia desunt; subtus non rhizi-
nosus; superne corticatus, cortex decolor, 24—28 yp. crassus, grosse paraplecten-
chymaticus, cellulis I—3 superpositis, 6—18 yp, latis, valde leptodermaticis, su-
perne strato tenui amorpho tectis; stratum gonidiale latum, gonidiis olivaceis
vel olivaceo-aeruginosis, rotundatis, 3,5—4 p. latis, hyphis intricatis, leptoder-
maticis, usque 1,8 p. crassis; stratum medullare ex hyphis plus minus horizon-
talibus, densis formatur.
Apothecia lecanorina, adpressa, parva, usque 0,8 mm lata, rotunda, plus
minus approximata; discus alutaceus, opacus, epruinosus, subplanus; margo
thallinus tenuis, thallo concolor, leviter prominulus, primum subgranulosus,
demum integer, paraplectenchymaticus, hyphis flabellatim dispositis, leptoder-
maticis, stratum gonidiale includens; hymenium decolor, purum, I20—145 ».
altum, I e coeruleo aeruginoso-sordidum; hypothecium angustum, decolor, ex
hyphis intricatis formatum; paraphyses filiformes, conglutinatae, simplices, esep-
tatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci anguste clavati, ad apicem rotundati et
membrana modice incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis subbiseriales, de-
colores, simplices, ovali-ellipsoideae, membrana tenui et laevi cinctae, 9—14 yp.
longae et 6- 7,5 y. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
in
22—2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Ish. Vol. 11.
3238 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masatierra: Portezuelo, beim SELKIRK-Denkmal, 6co m, auf der Rinde
einer Rodinsonia (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Habituell kommt diese neue Art noch am meisten der Pannaria nebulosa
(Hoffm.) nahe, aber die tbrigen Merkmale sprechen gegen eine nahere Ver-
wandtschaft.
P. rubiginosa Del.
Dev. \im |Dictionn. Class. Hist.) Nat.,-“vol; XIIE, 1828," p. 20; Nye. Synops:
Lich,, vol. II; 1863, p. 29, tab. IX, fig. 15. — Lichen rubiginosus Thunbeesapua
Acu., Lichenogr. Suec. Prodrom,- 1798, p. o9. — Parmelia rnbiginosa Ach., Method,
Lich., | 1803, ip. 212) Mont. in -Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2) vol. avenue sim
go et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 141; JoHow,
Estud. Flora Juan Fernandez, 1896, p. 199.
Masatierra: Auf Rinde der J/yrceugenza, ohne nahere Standortsangabe
(BERTERO no. 1632, 3008); Plazoleta del Yunque, tiber Moosen (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
*var vulcanica A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallo microphyllino et sporis brevioribus differt a typo.
Squamulae thalli minutae, incisae, in centro thalli plus minus congestae,
ad ambitum thalli dispersae, in hypothallo atro sedentes; sporae 13—16 p.
longae et 8—9 yp. latae.
Vielleicht handelt es sich um eine eigene Art, doch war das mir vorlie-
gende Material zur Entscheidung der Frage nicht ausreichend.
Masatierra: Cerro Damajuana, auf losen Steinen im Wald (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Massalongia Korb.
=M. carnosa Korb.
K6rB. Syst. Lich..German., 1855, p. roo; A..L. Smitu, Handb. Brits lich.
vol. Ty 1918, p.. 88,° tab: 30. — Lichen carnosus Wicks., Fase. Plant) Cxypepeumee
VOLE ER TOO mp 2), etalon Leste n-ne
Masafuera: auf Blocken beim Campo Correspondencia, 1150 m (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Psoroma Ny.
A. Species saxicola, thallus sorediis instructus P. vulcanicum.
B. Species ad cortices, ligna vel muscos vigentes; thallus esorediosus.
a. Thallus cephalodiis praeditus P. cephalodinume.
b. Thallus cephalodiis destitutus.
I. Thallus squamosus.
I. Thallus luteo-pallens.
a. Squamae thalli substrato adpressae P. pholidotum.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 339
6. Squamae thalli + erectiusculae P. dasycladum.
2. Thallus lurido-cervinus P. sphinctrinum.
II. Thallus ramoso-divisis P. angustisectum.
*P, vulcanicum A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, maculatim effusus, subtartareus, alutaceus vel pallide
cervinus, opacus, KHO vix mutatus, Ca Cl,O, —, versus ambitum squamulosus,
squamulls parvis, 0,3—0,8 mm latis, rotundatis, planis, integris vel incisis, plus
minus dispersis et hypothallo atro insidentibus, centrum versus granulosus vel
subgranulosus, granulis congestis, demum subareolatim fissis, passim sorediosus,
sorediis leprosis, depressis, canis, rotundatis, planiusculis, thallum non superan-
tibus; superne corticatus, cortice 24—28 yp alto, paraplectenchymatico, cellulis
rotundatis, luminibus 5—9 u. latis praeditis, membrana mediocri cinctis, superne
strato angusto, fuscescente tecto; caeterum fere homoeomericus, cellulis goni-
diorum plus minus globosis, usque 15 yp, latis, contentu laete viridi, membrana
mediocri cincti, subtus anguste nigricantifuscus et ex hyphis intricatis formatus.
Apothecia lecanorina, sessilia, ad basin breviter constricta, rotundata et
dispersa, vel approximata et dein pressione mutua subangulosa, I—1I,z2 mm
lata; discus rufus, opacus, planiusculus; margo thallinus integer, primum bene
prominulus et crassiusculus, demum plus minus depressus et subcrenulatus,
extus corticatus, cortice paraplectenchymatico, superne angustiore, e seriebus
cellularum 1—4, rotundatis formato, gonidia copiosa includens; excipulum infra
hymenium bene evolutum, ad latere hymenii angustatum, sordide fuscescens,
ex hyphis intricatis formatum et maculis minutis rotundatisque praeditum; hy-
pothecium decolor, sat tenue, ex hyphis tenuissimis et intricatis formatum, hy-
nenium superne dilute fuscescens, caeterum decolor et purum, usque 180 uv.
altum, I e sordide coerulescente cupreo-rufescens; paraphyses filiformes, dense
contextae, strictae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci anguste
clavati, hymenio subaequilongi, ad apicem rotundati et ibidem membrana paulum
incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis subuniseriales, decolores, simplices,
ovali-ellipsoideae vel ellipsoideae, in uno apice vel utrinque acutatae, membrana
leviter granulosa cinctae, 17—21 . longae et 7,5—8,5 u. latae.
Pycnoconidia ignota.
Masafuera: Heide auf dem Hochland, 1100—1300 m, auf vulkarischem
Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Die charakteristischen Merkmale liegen in dem mehr weniger kornigen
Lager, dem Vorhandensein der Soredien und in der Farbe und Berandung der
Apothezien.
*P, cephalodinum A. Zahlbr. nov. spec. — Taf. 24, Fig. 7.
Thallus placodinus, substrato adpressus, plagas usque 3,5 cm latas for-
mans, lutescenti-pallidus passim albidus, opacus, KHO —, Ca C!,0O, —, tenuis,
usque 0.2 mm crassus, lobi marginales continui vel subimbricati, distanter di-
visi, in apice paulum latiores, in margine incisi et amguste pallidiores, usque
2 mm lati, planiusculi vel subcanaliculati, superne nudi, in centro lobulis mi-
noribus vel hinc inde subsquamulosus, subtus nigrescens, sorediis et isidiis nullis,
340° A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
sed in superficie cephalodiis dispersis obsitus, superne corticatus, cortice an-
gusto, 18—24 p. crasso, paraplectenchymatico, cellulis superpositis 2—3, lumine
plus minus rotundo, parietibus crassiusculis; stratum gonidiale infra corticem
situm et eo paulum latius, continuum, cellulis laete viridibus, globosis, g—12 p.
latis, membrana distincta cinctis; medulla alba, ex hyphis intricatis, non inspersis
formata, hyphis ad 3 pw crassis, leptodermaticis, inferne in stratum angustum
nigricantem abeuntibus; cephalodia I—1,8 mm lata, depressa, in ambitu rotun-
data vel irregularia, in superficie paulum inaequalia, subfarinosa vel granulosa,
coerulescenti-cinerea vel plumbea, ex hyphis dense intricatis, 1,7—1,8 p. latis,
leptodermaticis, increbre septatis formata, gonidia concatenata et hinc inde glo-
merulosa, pallide olivacea, rotundata vel oblonga, rarius subirregularia, 5— 8 p
lata, membrana tenuissima cincta includentia.
Apothecia lecanorina, sessilia, usque 2 mm lata, ad basin bene constricta,
copiosa et approximata, rotunda vel rotundata; discus in juventute pruinosus,
demum nudus, alutaceus vel alutaceo-rufescens, opacus; margo thallinus cras-
siusculus, crenulatus, prominulus et plus minus inflexus, extus strato corticali,
ex hyphis intricatis et inspersis formato, usque 20 », crasso, ad basin latiore
abductus, gonidia copiosa, usque ad verticem) marginis penetrantibus includens;
excipulum dimidiatum, decolor, ex hyphis tangentialibus et dense conglutinatis
formatum; hymenium decolor, tantum superne anguste fuscescens et inspersum,
caeterum purum, I e coeruleo lutescenti-obscuratum; hypothecium lutescens,
molle, inferne substipitato-productum et strato medullari thalli superpositum;
paraphyses filiformes, ad 2 y, latae, conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apices
haud latiores; asci oblongo- vel ellipsoideo-clavati, hymenio paulum breviores,
ad apicem rotundati et membrana bene incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in
ascis biseriales, decolores, simplices, ellipsoideae vel ovali-ellipsoideae, mem-
brana tenui et sublaevi (subindistincte granulosa) cinctae, 11—15,5 uw longae et
8,5—9 uw. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Cordén Chifladores, 350 m, auf Dyrzmys-Rinde (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Das plakodiale Wachstum des Lagers und das Vorhandensein von Zephalo-
dien kennzeichnen die Art gut.
P. pholidotum Mill. Arg.
Murr. Arc. in Flora, vol. LXXI, 1888, p. 45 (excl. syn.). — Parmelia pholi-
dota Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 91 et apud Gay,
Hist Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 146; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan
Fernandez, 1896, p. 200. — Pannaria pholidota Ny\. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot.,
ser. 4, vol. III, 1855, p. 182, Synops. Lich, vol. Il, 1863, p. 30; Humane ous
Archiv., du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. X, (1908) Igu9, p. 17).
Masatierra: Auf Drzmys-Rinde, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO
no. 1623, 1626), Cordén Chifladores, 350 m, auf Stammen der Rodbznsonia thu-
rifera; Rabanal, auf Robinsonta gracilis; Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca, 435 m,
auf Dendroseris micrantha; Portezuelo, beim SELKIRK-Denkmal, 590 m, auf
Robinsonia gracilis; Cordén Salsipuedes, 625 m, auf Margyricarpus (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 341
P. sphinctrinum Nyl.
Nyy. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. III, 1855, p. 181 et Synops.
Lich., vol. II, 1863, p 24; REINKE in PrRincsu., Jabrb. fiir wiss. Bot., vol. XXVIII,
1895, p. 446, fig. 165 et 166. — Farmelia sphinctrina Mont. in Annal. Scienc.
Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 90 et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile,
Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 139; JoHow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernandez, 18,6, p. 199.
— Ffannaria sphinctrina Yue in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vol. XLVIII, (1901) 1902,
p. LVI et in Nouv. Archiv. der Muséum, ser. 4, vol. VIII, 1907, p. 265.
Masatierra: auf Rinden, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (Bertero no. 1625,
1630); Cordon Chifladores, 350 m, auf der Rinde der Rodinsonia thurifera und
auf Drimys; Cordon Centinela, 530 m, auf Dendroseris micrantha; Portezuelo,
auf Rinden beim SELKIRK-Denkmal, 590 m, auf Rodzxsonia gracilis; Quebrada
seca, 435 m, auf Dendroserts micrantha; Cordon Salsipuedes, auf Drimys;
Quebrada Juanango, 250 m, auf Baumrinden (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril, auf Drzmys-Stammen (C. und I. SKorts-
BERG).
var. leprolomum Ny].
Nyt., Lich. Nov. Zeland., 1888, p. 52. — Lecanora sphinctrina var. leproloma
Nyl. in Compt.-Rend. Séanc. Acad. Paris, vol. LXXXIII, 1876, p. 89. — Pannaria
sphinctrina var. leproloma Hue in Bull. Soc. Bot. france, vol. XLVIII, 1901, p. LVI
et in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. VIII, 1907, p. 269.
Masatierra: Cordén Salsipuedes, auf Baumrinden (C. und I. Skorts-
BERG).
var. crispellum Nyl.
Ny. Synops. Lich., vol. II, 1863, p. 25 et Lich. Nov. Zeland., 1888, p. 52.
Masatierra: Portezuelo, c. 600 m, auf der Rinde einer Rodzxsonia thu-
rifera (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P, dasycladum A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus squamulosus, squamulis dense contextis, sat parvis, I—I,8 mm
latis, erectiusculis et plus minus imbricatis, in ambitu thalli rotundato-flabellatis,
incisis et crenatis, centralibus magis rotundatis, omnibus tenuibus (0,25— 0,4 mm
crassis), cervinis vel cervino-fuscidulis, opacis, KHO et CaCl,QO, non tinctis,
epruinosis, in margine passim subplumbeo-cinerascentibus, subtus albidis et
nudis, versus insertionem rhizinis nigricantibus obsitis; sorediis et isidiis nullis;
superne corticatus, cortice strato amorpho tenui supertecto, decolore, paraplecten-
chymatico, cellulis minutis, lumine ad 2 w lato, rotundatis vel subangulosis,
membrana mediocri cinctis, in seriebus superpositis 4—10; stratum gonidiale
infra corticem dispositum, subcontinuum, ex hyphis in parte superiore plus minus
verticalibus, in parte basali magis intricatis formatum, gonidiis globosis, laete
viridibus, 10—24 y. latis; cortex hinc inde etiam latera squamulorum obducit;
stratum medullare ex hyphis praesertim longitudinalibus, 3—5 yp. latis, fasciatim-
342 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
subintricatis formata, ad basin squamorum in hyphas coerulescenti-nigricantes,
usgue 9 } crassas, sat pachydermaticas et increbre septatas abientibus.
Apothecia lecanorina, inter squamulas sessilia, primum cupuliformia, demum
plus minus explanata, ad basin bene constricta, usque 3 mm lata, rotunda vel
demum subsinuata; discus obscure rufo-fuscus, opacus, epruinosus, e conca-
viusculo subplanus vel convexulus, superne inaequalis; margo thallo concolor,
sat crassus, prominulus et leviter inflexus, crenulatus vel lobulis. parvis incisis-
que obsitus, corticatus, medullam et gonidia includens; excipulum dimidiatum,
ad latera hymenii flabellatum, ad verticem dilatatum, ex hyphis tangentialibus,
1,6—1,8 ¥ crassis, pachydermaticis et increbre septatis formatum, superne
fuscescens, caeterum decolor, molle; hypothecium decolor, ex hyphis intricatis,
sat crassis formatum; hymenium superne rufescenti-fuscescens et strato sat an-
gusto, amorpho et decolore obductum, caeterum decolor, purum, I e coerulescente
cupreo-sordidulum; paraphyses filiformes, 2—3 crassae, conglutinatae (im-
primis in parte superiore), simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem haud latiores; asci
cylindrico-clavati, ad apicem rotundati, 8-spori; sporae in ascis uniseriales, de-
colores, simplices, oblongae vel late ellipsoideae, utrinque breviter acutatae, mem-
brana tenui, extus inaequali cinctae, 14—18 p longae et 8—11 yp, latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Felskamm unweit Tres Puntas, 350 m, auf Humuserde (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Durch die Wachstumsweise des Lagers gegentiber den anderen Arten der
Gattung gut gekennzeichnet.
*P, angustisectum A. Zahlbr. nov. spec. — Taf. 25, Fig. 3.
Thallus substrato latiuscule adhaerens, depressus, fusco- vel lurido-fla-
vescens, nitidulus, KHO et CaCl,O, non tinctus, ex initiis verruculosis mox
iteratim dichotome et sympodialiter ramosus, ramis angustis et elongatis, usque
3 mm longis, 0,16 —0,25 mm latis, 0,15 —O,r7 mm crassis, subtoruloso-inaequalibus,
planiusculis vel convexulis, hinc inde minutis, subcorallinis, ramis ultimis ad
apicem rotundatis vel subretusis, omnibus superne laevigatis, inferne paulum
pallidioribus, erhizinosis; sorediis et isidiis destitutus; protothallus obscuratus
nullus; superne corticatus, cortex paraplectenchymaticus, e seriebus cellularum
superpositarum 3—5, subangulosarum vel rotundarum, 8—1q4 p. latarum, mem-
brana tenui cinctarum formatus; pars caetera thalli etiam paraplectenchyma-
ticus, sed cellulae multum minores, in strato gonidiali ex hyphis perpendicula-
ribus, in parte inferiore thalli ex hyphis longitudinalibus, leptodermaticis et
crebre septatis formatus; stratum gonidiale infra corticem dispositum, continuum,
circa dimidium crassitudinis thalli occupans, gonidiis laete viridibus, globosis,
5—6 yp. latis.
Apothecia lecanorina, sessilia, majuscula, usque 5 mm lata, ad basin bre-
viter constricta; discus rufus, opacus, epruinosus, e concavo subplanus; margo
thallinus primum verruculosus, mox ramis thallinis corallinoideis, brevibus plus
minus obsitus; receptaculum extus laeve, corticatum, cortice crasso, paraplecten-
chymatico, luminibus cellularum oblongis vel rotundatis, cellulis sat pachyder-
maticis, in margine crenulato-erosum et ad basin rhizinosum, rhizinis decolo-
tibus, simplicibus, breviusculis, medullam et gonidia includens; excipulum an-
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 343
gustum, bene limitatum, usque ad verticem hymenii assurgens, decolor, ex
hyphis tangentialibus et conglutinatis formatum; hypothecium angustum, fusce-
scenti lutescens, molle, ex hyphis intricatis formatum; hymenium superne rufum,
caeterum decolor, purum, 140—150 yp, altum, I e coeruleo cupreo-obscuratum;
paraphyses filiformes, strictae, conglutinatae (imprimis in parte superiore hy-
meni), simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem vix crassiores; asci hymenio parum
breviores, clavati, recti vel subrecti, ad apicem rotundati et membrana parum
incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis uni- vel subbiseriales, decolores, sim-
plices, ovales vel ellipsoideo-subfusiformes, membrana tenui, verruculoso-inae-
quali cinctae, contentu oleoso, 22— 38 p, longae et 8—15 », latae.
Pycnoconidia ignota.
Masatierra: Quebrada Piedra agujereada, bei 650 m, iiber Moosen, und
auf dem Riicken oberhalb Pangal, 795 m, iiber Moosen und auf dem Erdboden
(end I SKOLTSBERG),
Die ersten Thallusanfange erinnern an das Lager des Psoroma hypnorum
(Hoffm.); die fertige Flechte hat indes mit disser nichts zu tun, so dass man
die Annahme, als lage ein abnorm ausgebildetes Lager derselben vor [etwa
wie die var. thelephorotdes Th. Fr. der Ochrolechia tartarea (L.)| zuriickweisen
muss, denn die anatomischen Verhaltnisse und auch andere Merkmale stellen
sich einer solchen Annahme entgegen.
Coccocarpia Pers.
*C. Gayana (Mont.) Nyl. var. subdivisa A. Zahlbr. nov. var. — Tab. 24,
Pig. 5.
Thallus superne glaucus, opacus, lobatus, lobis substrato adpressis vel
imprimis in ramulis arborum plus minus liberis et adscendentibus; lobi adpressi
rotundato-incisi, in margine crenulati, concentrice non striati; lobi liberi +
elongati, in margine incisi et crenulati; rhizinae paginis inferioris ad ambitum
thalli albae, in centro aeruginoso-nigricantes.
Apothecia habitu iis plantae typicae similia, Receptaculum gonidia nulla
includens, extus corticatum, cortice decolore, paraplectenchymatico, e seriebus
pluribus cellularum superpositarum formato, cellulis rotundis vel subrotundatis,
inferne majoribus, ad 12 y, latis, versus ambitum cubicis sensim minoribus, mem-
brana mediocri cinctis; excipulum integrum, in margine flabellatum, infra hy-
menium saepe angustius, decolor, ex hyphis tangentialibus, dense contextis for-
matum; hypothecium dilute luteo-ochraceum, molle, ex hyphis tenuissimis et
intricatis formatum; hymenium superne strato tenui et amorpho tectum, decolor,
purum, I cupreo-rufum; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem
non incrassatae, conglutinatae; asci hymenio breviores, clavati, 4-spori; spori
in ascis biseriales, decolores, simplices, ovales vel ellipsoideo-ovales, membrana
tenui laevique cinctae, contentu oleoso pellucido, 12—14 p, longae et 7—7,5 p.
latae. .
Masatierra: auf dem Abhange iber Pangal, bei 795 m, auf Baumzweig-
lein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
344 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Stictaceae.
Lobaria Schreb.
L. crenulata Trevis.
Trevis. Lichenoth. Veneta, 1869, no. 75; WaAIN., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I,
1890, p. 197; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. Ill, 1901, p. 35. —
Parmelia crenulata Hook. apud KuntH, Synops. Plant. Aequin. Orb. Novi, vol. I,
1822, p. 23; Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot, ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. go et
apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 130; Jonow, Estud.
Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 199. — Stecta crenulata Vel., Hist. Lich. Sucta, 1822,
je ezrse UO A CIINAS Hae Leiba Ricasolia crenulata Ny\. in Mémoir. Soc. Scienc. Nat.
Cherbourg, vol. V, 1857, p. 104 et Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 372.
Masatierra: auf Rinden in den Waldern der hoheren Berge (BERTERO
no. 1633); Quebrada Juanango, 250 m, auf Baumstammen, reichlich fruchtend
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Sticta Schreb.
Conspectus specierum:
A. Gonidia nostocacea (S/ccfna).
a. Thallus subtus cyphellis veris praeditus.
I. Thallus monophyllus, saepe lobatus, lobis latis et rotundatis,
in margine non isidiosis St. fuliginosa.
II. Thallus laciniatus vel lobato-laciniatus, lobis angustioribus et
in magrine plus minus coralloideo isidiosis St. Weigelit.
b. Thallus subtus pseudocyphellis praeditus.
I. Pseudocyphellae albae.
1. Thallus superne maculis vel sorediis albis cinereisve or-
natus.
g. Thalli lobi in margine nudi, esorediosi SZ. argyracea.
6. Thalli lobi in margine albosorediati St. intricata.
2. Thallus superne sorediis destitutus.
x. Lobi thalli angusti, in margine integri, canaliculati
St. fragillima.
@. Lobi thalli latiores, in margine rotundato-incisi, plani
vel subplani, nunquam canaliculati S¢. czmnamomea.
II. Pseudocyphellae citrinae vel luteae.
1. Thallus superne aequaliter reticulato-lacunosus
St. Berteroana.
2. Thallus superne plus minus laevigatus, nunquam lacunosus.
#. Thallus superne plus minus hirsutus vel puberulus.
§. Thallus superne hirsutus, cervinus vel rufescens,
subtus concolor St. hirsuta.
§§. Thallus superne puberulus, murinus, subtus cer-
vino-pallidus St. Gutllemint.
@. Thallus superne nudus.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 345
§. Sporae biloculares St. carpoloma.
§§. Sporae quadriloculares St. Mougeotiana.
B. Gonidia palmellacea vel cystococcoidea (Eusticta).
a. Thallus subtus cyphellis veris praeditus.
I. Thallus stipitatus; medulla KHO non tincta.
1. Lobi thalli plus minus lineares St. lineariloba.
2. Lobi thalli rotundati et latiores St. latifrons.
II. Thallus non stipitatus; medulla KHO sanguineo-rubens
St. laciniata var. denudata.
b. Thallus subtus pseudocyphellis praeditus.
I, Pseudocyphellae albae.
I. Receptaculum apotheciorum gonidia includens
St. Freycinetit.
2. Receptaculum gonidiis nullis St. Richardt.
If. Pseudocyphellae luteae vel flavae.
I. Receptaculum gonidiis destitutum; sporae incolores
St. nitida.
2. Receptaculum gonidia includens; sporae plus minus obscu-
ratae, rarius decolores.
a. Apothecia marginalia St. aurala.
@. Apothecia superficialia St. orygmaea.
A. Sect. Stictina (Nyl.) Hue.
S. argyracea Del.
Dev. Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 91, tab. VII, fig. 3; Mont. apud Gay, Hist.
Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 116; Hers. in Bihang till Kgl.
Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. XXI, afd. III, no. 13, 1896, p. 29; Hue in
Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III, 1901, p. 87. — Lichen argyraceus Bory
apud Del., l. s. c. — Stictina argyracea Nyl|., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 334.
— Pseudocyphellaria argyracea Wain. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXVII, 1898, p. (34).
Masatierra; Auf Baumrinden, ohne Standortsangabe (BERTERO) Porte-
zuelo, 590—600 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: auf dem zentralen Hochplateau, bei 1,200 m, in einer Form
mit etwas breiteren Lagerabschnitten (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. *sorediifera Del.
Det. Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 92, tab. VII, fig. 31. — Stsctna argyracea
var. sorediifera Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 334. — /seudocyphellaria argy-
racea vat. sorediifera Hellb. in Bihang till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.- Akad. Handl., vol.
XXV, afd. Ill, no. 6, 1899, p. 24.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances, 500 m, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
346 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
var. verrucosa Mont.
Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIL, 1852, p. amor
Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 198. ‘
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden in den hoher gelegenen Waldern (BERTERO).
Ich sah diese Form nicht; wahrscheinlich diirfte es sich nur um eine
krankhafte Bildung handeln.
S. intricata Del.
Det. Hist.. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. g6,, tab. Vil, fig. 33. — Sictzaeemrmeaee
Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 334. — Pseudocyphellaria intricata Wain. in
Hedwigia, vol. XXXVII, 1898, p. (36).
Ohne nahere Standortsangabe, in einer Form mit schwarzlicher Lager-
unterseite (nach NYLANDER a. a. O.)
*S. fragillima Bab.
Bas. apud Hoox., Flora Nov.-Zeland., vol. II, 1855, p. 279. — Stsctina fra-
gillima Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 335; REINKE in Princsu. Jahrb. fiir
wiss. Bot., vol. XXVIII, 1895, p. 440, fig. 156, Il; Srzser. in Flora, vol. LXXXI,
1895; p.. £23.
Masatierra: auf dem Bergriicken zwischen Quebrada Piedra agujereada
und Quebrada Laura, 625 m, tiber Moosen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada Loberia, 280 m, auf Baumstammen im Walde (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. “linearis A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Stictina fragillima var.. linearis Mill. Arg.! in Flora, vol. LXXI, 1888, p. 23;
STZBGR. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, .p. 129.
Masatierra: auf dem Bergriicken zwischen Quebrada Piedra agujereada
und Quebrada Laura, 625 m, auf Baumzweigen; Cordon Central, 450 m, uber
Moosen, steril; Portezuelo, 600 m, auf Stammen der Rodinsonia thurifera; Cor-
dén Salsipuedes, 500 m, auf Drzmys, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
[Sticta subvariabilis Ny].
Croms. in Journ; Linn. Soc. London, Eot., vol: XVI, 1877, p:. 223,eh apud
Hemot., Rep. Challenger, p. go; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 199.
Masatierra: auf moosigen Baumstammen (MOSELEY). Habituell gleicht
die Stcta subvariabilis Nyl. sehr der vorher genannten Art, der einzig greif-
bare Unterschied liegt in den Gonidien, welche bei der Ersteren dem Pal-
mellaceentypus angehoren (vergl. Stzbgr. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 114).
Ich fand in der reichen Ausbeute SKOTTSBERG's auch nicht ein Exemplar der
NYLANDER’schen Art und bezweifle, ob die Pflanze MOSELEY’s dazu geh6rt;
ich halte sie eher fiir Stécta fragillima var. linearis. Jedenfalls miisste die von
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 347
MOSELEY gesammelte Flechte auf ihre Gonidien gepriift werden, bevor man
Sticta subvariabilis als Birger der Flechtenflora von Juan Fernandez aufnimmt.|
*S. cinnamomea A. Rich.
A. Ricu., Voyage de Découv. de 1’Astrolabe, Bot., vol. I, 1852, p. 28, tab.
VII, fig. 3; Hetrs. in Bihang till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. XXI,
afd. III, no. 13, 1896, p. 32. — Stectina cinnamomea Miill. Arg. in Flora, vol.
LXVI, 1883, p. 22. — Pseudocyphellaria citnnamomea Wain. in Philipp. Journ. Scienc.,
sect. C., vol. VIII, 1913, p. 120. — Séectina fragillima var. dissimilis Nyl., Synops.
Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 336; StzBer, in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 129.
Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, auf Baumrinde, steril; Portezuelo, 350 —
550 m, auf Baumstémmen, steril; Quebrada Juanango, 250, auf Baumrinden, steril;
am Fusse des Berges El Yunque, 2— 300 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Auf dem Zentralplateau und nodrdlich des HOhenkammes, auf
Dicksonia; Cordén Atravesado und Cordon del Barril, bei 1300 m, steril (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
S. Berteroana Mont. — Taf. 24, Fig. 1.
Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. go et apud Gay,
Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot, vol. VIII, 1852, p. 125; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan
Fernand., 1896, p. 199; A. ZAHLBR. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol.
LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. 16 — Stctina Berteroana Nyl. apud Srzser. in Flora, vol.
LXXXI, 1895, p. 128;.Nyz. in Acta Soc. Scient. Fennic., vol. XX VI, 1900, no. 10,
p. 8, not.
Apothecia versus centrum thalli sparsa vel approximata, subpedicellata,
ad basin parum constricta, rotunda, primum cupuliformia, margine inflexo,
crassiusculo, lurido, opaco, subintegro, demum dilatata, usque 3 mm lata, plana
vel modice convexa, margine angustiore, tenui et crenulato, demum fere eva-
nido; discus in juventute caesio-pruinosulus, demum nudus, fusco niger, opacus;
receptacnilum extus ochraceo-pallidum, parum inaequale, corticatum, cortice
paraplectenchymatico, cellulis rotundis, sat pachydermaticis, pedicellum obdu-
cente et in corticem thalli paginae superioris abeunte, superne in ambitu
fimbriato-eroso, in parte basali inaequali et ibidem ciliis increbris, obfuscatis
munito, medullam angustam, ex hyphis laxiusculis, sublongitudinalibus et
ramosis formatam includens, gonidiis destitutum; hypothecium ochraceo-fuscum,
ex hyphis intricatis formatum; hymenium 80—100 yw altum, purum, incolor
(excepta parte suprema), I e coeruleo rufo- vel cupreo-fuscescens; paraphyses
gelatinose conglutinatae, filiformes, simplices, ad apicem clavatae, capite 5—6 v.
crasso, strato tenui, amorpho supertectae; asci hymenio paulum breviores, cla-
vati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana paulum incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae
in ascis biseriales, fuscae, oblongo-ellipsoideae vel subfusiformes, uniseptatae,
septo tenui, membrana parum crassiore, 22—29 ». longae et 7—8 uy. latae.
Meine friihere Angabe iiber die Pseudozyphellen muss ich dahin richtig-
stellen, dass dieselben von gelber Farbe sind. Sie sind sehr klein, etwas er-
haben und ausserst sparlich.
348 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden in der Bergregion (BERTERO no. 1662);
Cordon Chifladores, 350 m, auf Rodznsonta thurtfera; Cordon Centinela, 530 m,
auf Dendroseris micrantha; Quebrada Damajuana, auf losen Steinen im Walde;
auf dem Sattel iiber Pangal, 795 m, auf Coprosma pyrifolium, besonders reich
fruchtend; im Walde der Bahia Cumberland; auf Baumrinden; Quebrada seca,
435 m, auf Dendroseris micrantha; Cordon Salsipuedes, 615 m, auf Denxdroseris
pinnata und Margyricarpus; Quebrada Juanango, 250 m, auf Baumen und
Strauchern, schén fruchtend (C. und I? SKOTTSBERG).
S. hirsuta Mont.
Mont. in Annal Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 88 et apud Gay,
Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 106; Johow, Estud. Flora Juan
Fernand.. 1896, p. 198. — Stzctina hirsuta Nyl. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4,
yol. XV, 1861, p. 41; Sizrser, in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 18095; p: 13% eee
cyphellaria hirsuta Wain. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXVIII, 1899, p. (187); Marme in
Bihang till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. XXV, afd. III, no. 6, 1890,
De 10.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden (BERTERO). SKOTTSBERG hat diese Art
nicht gesammelt; viclleicht bezieht sich die Angabe MONTAGNE’s auf die
nachste Art.
S. Guillemini Mont.
Mont: in Annal. Science?” Nat} Bot, Ser: 2, vol. 1V,.<7835; pp; ,S7jte nee
hirsuta var. Guillemint Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII,
1852, p. 107. —- Stictina Guillemini Ny apud Hue in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum,
ser. 3, vol. Il, 1890, p. 207; SizBeR. in, Flora, vol. LXXXI. 1895, p.. 13m
Receptaculum apotheciorum extus pulverulentum, non hirsutum; hypothe-
cium ochraceo-lutescens, ex hyphis intricatis formatum; hymenium gO—10O »p.
altum, purum, I e coeruleo aeruginascens; paraphyses filiformes, gelatinoso-
conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem clavato-incrassatae; asci ellip-
soideo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana mediocri cincti, 8-spori; sporae
in ascis bi- vel subtriseriales, obliquae, flavescentes, ellipsoideae vel elongato-
ellipsoideae, ad apices angustato-rotundatae, rectae, triseptatae, 20—25 y, longae
Cis Ouueratae:
Von Stcta hirsuta durch die Behaarung der Lageroberseite, der heileren
Thallusunterseite und die etwas kiirzeren Sporen verschieden. STIZENBERGER
(a. o O,) irrt, wenn er fiir Stzcta Guzllemini die langeren Sporen angibt, in
Wirklichkeit ist das Gegenteil der Fall; die Sporen der letzten Art werden
bis 36 p. lang und sind beiderseits mehr zugespitzt.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden, ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO);
Cord6én Chifladores, auf dem Stamme einer Rodbinsonia thurifera, fruchtend (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*var. stictica A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus superne marginem versus tenuiter pubescens, caeterum subnudus
vel passim omnino nudus, punctis parvis, cyphelliformibus, emergentibus, luteis
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 349
obsitus; receptaculum apotheciorum extus tenuiter pubescens et punctis luteis
munitum.
Masatierra: Quebrada Juanango, 250 m, auf Baumrinde, fruchtend (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Das gelegentliche Vorkonimen von pseudozyphellenartigen, gelben Punkten
auf der Thallusoberseite bei Sécfa Azrsuta erwahnt NYLANDER.
S. carpoloma Del.
Det., Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 159; Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot.,
Seoa,) volo LV, 1895, op: Ss et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot.,, vol:
VII, 1852, p. 111; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 198. — Stctina
carpoloma Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 339; StzBer. in Flora, vol. LXXXI,
1895, p. 130. — Pseudocyphellaria carpoloma Wain. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXVII, 1898,
p. 34; Matme in Bihang till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. XXV, afd.
nie no. 6,°1899, Pp: 33.
Die Pseudozyphellen sind an den meisten Stiicken hellgelb, mitunter fast
weiss, aber mit unverkennbarem Stich ins Gelbe.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden (BERTERO); an Steilhangen bei Portezuelo,
400—625 m, auf Baumzweigen fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Las Torres, bei 1200 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*f ornata A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thalli lobi in margine in lobulis linearibus, simplicibus vel ramosis dis-
secti. Pseudocyphellae luteo-albidae; medulla alba.
Masatierra: Portezuelo, bei 600 m, auf Baumrinden, steril und Cord6én
Salsipuedes, auf Straéuchern, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
S. Mougeotiana Del.
Wer, Est. Lich, Sticta, 1822, ip-'62, tabs MN, figs 13 Mon. in. Annaly Serene
Wat.. (Bot.,, ser.) 2, vol: IV,)1835, p- 88! et apud) Gay,.- Hist. Fisic. y, Polit. Chile,
Bot., vol VIII, 1852, p. 110; JoHow, Estud, Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 198;
Hve in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. II], 1901, p. 84. — Sticta erythro-
scypha ‘Tayl. apud Hoox in London Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 181. — Sézct-
ina Mougeotiana Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 340. — Pseudocyphellaria
Mougeotiana Wain. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXVI, 1898, p. (36).
Masatierra: in der Bergregion auf dem Erdboden und Baumrinden (BER-
THRO! no, 1657, 16050, 1661); Cordon Centinela, 530 mi, auf der Erde; Pico
Central, 360 m, auf Blocken, steril; Tres Puntas, 2—300 m, steril (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Cerro Correspondencia, bei 1350 (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*var. xantholoma Del.
Dev. Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 63, tab. V, fig. 14; Hur in Nouv. Archiv.
du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III, 1890, p. 85. — Stictina Mougeotiana var. xantholoma
Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 340; StzBer. in Flora, vol. LXXX,, 1895,
pe i3t-
350 A, ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masatierra: Cordén Salsipuedes, 625 m, auf dem Erdboden, in einer
mehr kontrakten Form (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: haiufig im unteren Teil der Heide, oberhalb der Quebrada
del Mono, bei 800 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. aurigera Nyl.
Nyx. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. XI, 1859, Pp. 254; HvE in
Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III, 1901, p. 85. — Sticta aurigera VDel.,
Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 54, tab. III, fig. 8; Monr. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot.,
ser. 2, vole IV, 1825,0p. So.
Masatierra: Auf Felsen in den Waldern (BERTERO).
*S. Weigelii Isert.
IsErRt apud Acu., Lichenogr. Univers, 1810, p. 446; Wain., Etud. Lich.
Brésil, vol. I, 1890, p. 189; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III,
1901, p., 94. — Stetina quercizans' Ny)l., Synops. Lich., vol. 1,:'1860, ps) 344ei——
Stictina Wergelii Stzbgr. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 133.
Masatierra: Tres Puntas, 2—300 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
In dem obigen Sttick sind die Zyphellen sehr klein, gleichen auf den
ersten Blick Pseudozyphellen, aber bei naherer Untersuchung findet man an
einigen Stellen deutliche echte Zyphellen.
Sect. Eusticta Hue.
*S. nitida Tayl.
Tayl. in Hoox., London. Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 178; NyL., Synops.
Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 359; StzBer. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p.116; A Zane.
in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. 19. — Pseudo-
cyphellaria nitida Malme in Bihang till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol.
XXViafd. Il. no. 6, 1890; \p. 26:
Masafuera: El Barril, bei 1200 m, auf Drémys-Stammen, fruchtend (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
S. aurata Ach.
Acu., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 279; Det., Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 49, tab.
II, fig. 5; Monr. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 88; STZBGR.
in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1805, p. 118; A. Zauipr. in Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
math.-naturw. Cl., vol. CXI, Abt. 1, p. 495.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden in den Bergwaldern (BERTERO no. 1658);
Puerto Frances, auf Baumzweigen; Cordén Chifladores, 350 m, auf Baumrin-
den; Cordén Centinela, 530 m, auf Dendroseris micrantha; Quebrada Dama-
juana, auf losen Steinen im Walde; Plazoleta del Yunque; Portezuelo, 600 m,
auf dem Stamme einer Rodinsonia thurifera; Quebrada seca, 455 m, auf
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 351
Dendroserts micrantha; Quebrada Juanango, 250 m, auf Baumstammen; alle
Stiicke nur steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
S. orygmaea Ach.
Acu., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 276. — Pseudocyphellaria orygmaea Malme in
Bihang till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. XXV, afd. III, no. 6, 1899,
p: 28.
Der Formenkreis der Sé#cfa orygmaea ist schwierig und durchaus nicht
geklart. In der neueren Zeit haben HUE und MALME versucht, die Arten,
bzw. Varietaten besser zu unterscheiden,
HuE (Nouv. Arch. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III, 1901, p. 48) unterscheidet
zwei Arten: Sticta endochrysea und Sticta orygmaca und findet, dass das wich-
tigste Unterscheidungsmerkmal der anatomische Bau der Rinde sei. Bei Sécta
orygmaca soll die Rinde der Lageroberseite und das Rezeptakulums aus per-
pendicular verlaufenden, mit Seitenasten, welche anastomisieren und ein Netz-
werk bilden, versehenen eingeschnirten und septierten Hyphen gebildet wer-
den; bei Stécta endochrysea soll diese Rinde paraplektenchymatisch sein und
mehr wenig eckige diinnwandige Zellen aufweisen, doch wird eine eingehendere
Beschreibung der Rinde nur fiir die zu Stzcta endochrysea gestellten Varietaten:
Urvillet, flavicans, rubescens und orygmaeoides gebracht, fir den Typus selbst
als welchen die von DELISE (Hist. Lich. Sticta) auf Tafel I unter Figur 1 ge-
brachte Abbildung zitiert, wird die Kinde nicht beschrieben. Ich habe an den
in Juan Fernandez gesammelten Arten stets nur eine paraplektenchymatische
Rinde mit eckigen und diinnwandigen Zellen gesehen, dadurch ergibt sich ein
Widerspruch, den ich derzeit noch nicht aufzuklaren vermag.
MALME (a. o. O.) fithrt Sz¢cta orygmaca mit den Varietaten Urvz//ez und
flavicans an; zum Typus wird als Synonym Sécta endochrysea var. orygmacotdes
Nyl. gestellt, aber Svcta endochrysea Del. wird nicht erwahnt. Ich bin daher
dariiber nicht ganz sicher, ob MALME zur Ganze Sécfa endochrysea mit Stecta
orygmaea vereinigt, halte dies aber fiir wahrscheinlich, und dann muss der Spe-
ziesname des ACHARIUS als 4lterer zur Bezeichnung der Art Verwendung fin-
den. Ich halte mich vorlaufig daran, betone jedoch, dass itber diesen Punkt
die Akten noch nicht geschlossen sind und dass erst eine eingehende, auf dem
Studium der Urstiicke beruhende Behandlung der Frage Klarung zu bringen
vermag.
Ich gliedere provisorisch die Art folgendermassen.
Sticta orygmaea.
Lobi thalli majores, superne laevigati var. endochrysea.
Lobi thalli minores, superne scrobiculato-inaequales vel reticulati
typus specter.
Lobi magis divisi, in margine nudi var. Durvillet.
Lobi in margine minute dissecta | var. flavicans.
352 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
var. endochrysea A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Sticta endochrysea Del., Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 43, tab. I, fig. 1; Mont.
in Annal. Scienc Nat. Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 87 et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic.
y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 104; JoHow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand.,
1896, p. 198; Nyt. Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 358; Srzper. in Flora, vol.
LXXXI, 1895, p. 116; Hue in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. IID ergom
p. 48; A. ZauLBr. in Kgl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. 19.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden (BERTERO no. 1631); El Yunque, 500 m,
in den Waldern des Siidhanges, tiber Moosen fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
Masafuera: im Hochlande, bei 1200 m und Heide bei Campo Correspon-
dencia, 1,150 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. Durvillei A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Sticta Durvillei Del., Hist. Lich. Sticta, 1822, p. 170. — Stcta Urorller Baw:
apud Hoox., Flor. Nov. Zeland., vol. II, 1855, p. 275; Nyz., Synops. Lich., vol. I,
1860, p. 360; Stzpcr. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 117. — Sticta imbricatula
Tayl. in Hoox., London. Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 180. — Pseudocyphellaria
orygmaca var. Urvillec Malme in Bihang till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl.,
vol. XXV, afd. III, no. 6, 1899, p. 30.
Masatierra: In den hodher gelegenen Waldern, auf Baumrinden (BER-
TERO no. 1662). Cordén Salsipuedes, 615—625 m, auf Drzmys Stammen, steril;
Puerto Ingles, auf Rinden, fruchtend; Villagra, 250 m, fruchtend (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
var. flavicans A. Zahlbr. nov comb.
Sticta flavicans Hook. f. et Tayl. in London. Journ. of Bot., vol. III, 1844, p.
648. — Sticta endochrysea var. flavicans Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1888, p.
136. — Pseudocyphellaria orvgmaca var. flavicans Malme in Bihang till Kgl. Svensk.
Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. XXV, afd. III, no. 6, 1899, p. 29.
Masatierra: Quebrada Salsipuedes, bei 500 m, auf Dyrzmzys-Rinde, steril
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
S. lineariloba Nyl.
Nyt., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 355; StzBer. in Flora, vol..LXXXI,
1895, p. 124. — Sticta filicina Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV,
1835, p. 89 (non alior.); Croms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., vol. XVI, 1877,
p. 223. — Sticta filicina var. lineariloba Mont. apud Gay, Hist, Fisic. y Polit. Chile,
Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 122; JoHow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 199.
Masatierra: ohne nahere Standortsangabe, auf Baumstammen (BERTERO
no. 1660; MOSELEY); Puerto Frances, bei 500 m, fruchtend; Bergriicken zwi-
schen Quebrada Piedra agujereada und Quebrada Laura, 625 m, fruchtend;
Portezuelo, 590 m, auf Baumrinden fruchtend; Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Den-
droseris micrantha, fruchtend; Cordén Salsipuedes, 625 m, auf Rinden fruchtend
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 353
var. hypopsila Ny].
Nyt., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 355; Cromp. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don, Bot., vol. XVI, 1877, p. 223; StzBeR. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 124;
Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 199. — Stcta filicina var. lineartloba
f. Aypopsila Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, vol. XVII rég2pp2308.-—
Sticta filicina var. lineariloba Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol.
VIII, 1852, p. 125.
Masatierra: an nicht naher bezeichnetem Standorte (BERTERO; MOSELEY);
auf dem Bergriicken zwischen Quebrada Laura und Quebrada Piedra agujereada,
625 m, auf Rinden fruchtend; Cordon Central, 390 m, in den Waldern auf
Baumen, fruchtend; Abhange bei Portezuelo, 500 m, fruchtend; Cord6n Salsi-
puedes, 500 m, fruchtend; am Fusse des Berges El Yunque, auf Baumrinden
fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Der Zuschnitt der Thalluslappen ist recht wechselnd. Ausser Individuen
mit nur linearen, demmach der Beschreibung entsprechenden Lagerabschnitten,
finden sich Stiicke, bei denen sich neben den normalen auch verkiirzte und ge-
dringte Lappen vorfinden. Dadurch andert sich das habituelle Bild dieser
Stiicke besonders dann, wenn die normalen Lappen nur vereinzelt auftreten,
doch ist der Zusammenhang klar. Leicht ist nach dem Ausseren allein die
Varietat mit Sticta laciniata var. denudata Ny\. zu verwechseln, vornehmlich
wenn an den eingesammelten Exemplaren der Thallusstiel abgebrochen ist,
indes ist es nicht schwer, beide aus einander zu halten, da bei der letzteren
Art die Markschicht durch Kalilauge blutrot gefarbt wird.
*S. latifrons A. Rich.
A. Ricu., Voyage de Découv. de 1’Astrolabe, Bot., vol. I, 1832, p. 27, tab.
VIII, fig. 2; Nvyv., Lich. Nov. Zeland., 1888, p. 33; REINKE in Prinesu., Jahrbiich.
fiir wiss., Bot., vol. XXVIII, 1895, p. 441, fig. 157, Il et 158; StzBer. in Flora,
vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 125; Hue in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III,
Ig01, p. 8o.
Masatierra: auf dem Bergriicken zwischen Quebrada Laura und Que-
brada Piedra agujereada, bei 625 m, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
War bisher nur aus Neuseeland bekannt.
*S. laciniata (Huds.) A. Zahlbr. var. denudata Nyl.
Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 354; Krmph. in Linnaea, vol. XLI, 1877,
p. 138; Stzber. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 122.
Masatierra: auf dem Bergriicken zwischen Quebrada Laura und Que-
brada Piedra agujereada, 625 m, auf Baumrinden fruchtend; Cordén Centinela,
530 m, auf Baumstammen steril; auf dem Bergriicken tiber Pangal, 775- 795 m,
auf Rinden fruchtend; Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Coprosma triflorum, fruchtend
(C. und I, SKOTTSBERG),.
23—2391t. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
a A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
354
S. Freycinetii Del.
Det., | Hist.. Lich.) Sticta:) 1822; p. 124, tab. XIV, ne. 513 Mont. apudmitGaas
Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 120; Nyx., Synops. Lich., vol. I,
1860, p. 365; Sirzper. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 115; Jonow, Estud. Flora
Juan Fernand., 1896, p, 199.
Masatierra; ohne Angabe des Standortes (JOHOW).
Masafuera: auf der Hochebene, 9—1000 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTs-
BERG),
var. fimbriata Mont.
Mont. apud “Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIN, 1Sij2\ipesmenene
Sticta variabilis Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 89.
Masatierra (BERTERO): Eine zweifelhafte Form, die erst geklart wer-
den muss.
var. lactucaefolia Mill. Arg.
Mitr. Arc. in Mission Scient. Cap Horn, vol. V, 1889, p. 157; A. ZAHLBR.
in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1907, p. 18. — Farmela
lactucaefolia Pers. apud Gaupicu., Voyage Uranie, Bot., 18.26, p. 199.
Masatierra: ohne nahere Standortsangabe (C. SKOTTSBERG).
S. Richardi Mont.
Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 89 et apud Gay,
Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 110; Jonow,) Estuds\Mlora juan
Fernand., 1896, p. 198; Hue in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III, 1901,
Pp. 55. — Sticta fossulata var. Richardi Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 364.
Masatierra: in den Bergwaldern auf Baumrinden (BERTERO); Portezuelo,
590 m, auf Rinden fruchtend; Cordon Salsipuedes, 500-625 m, auf Drzmys
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. divulsa Hue.
Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du. Muséum, ser. 4, vol. III, 1007, p. 56) tab. ieee
1—2..— sucla dwulsa’ Vayl. in London Journ: of Bot., vol. Vij 1847, qpaetocees
Sticta fossulata f. divulsa Stzbgr. in Flora, vol. LXXXI, 1895, p. 114.
Masatierra: Corddn Salsipuedes, 615 m, auf Gestrauchen (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Pelimoaenraceae:
Nephroma Ach.
A. Gonidia palmellacea vel cystococcoidea; thallus plus minus stramineus.
a. Thallus major, superne foveolatus et lacunosus, inferne bullatus
N. antarcticum.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 355
b. Thallus minor, utrinque laevis N. australe
B. Gonidia nostocacea; thallus obscurus.
a. Thallus plumbeus, subtus fuscescens et plus minus tomentellus
N. plumbeum.
b. Thallus castaneo-fuscus, subtus albidus et glaber J. cellulosum.
Sect. Nephromium (Nyl.) Stzbgr.
N. plumbeum Mont.
Mont. apud. Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 100;
Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 197. — Peltigera plumbea Mont. in
Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot, ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 87. — Wephromium plumbeum
Nyl. in Mémoir. Soc. Scienc. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. V, 1857, p. ror et Synops. Lich.,
vol. I, 1860, p. 321. — Opisterta plumbea Wain. in Arkiv f6ér Bot., vol. VIII, no. 4,
1909, P- 93:
Masatierra: auf Baumzweigen in den Bergwaldern (BERTERO no. 1656).
N. cellulosum Ach.
Acu., Lichenogr. Univers., 1810, p. 523; Bas. et Mitr. apud Hoox., Flora
Tasman., vol. Il, 1860, p. 345, tab. CXCIX, fig. A. — Lzchen cellulosus Sm. apud
Acu., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 289. — Aephromium cellulosum Nyl. in Mémoir. Soc.
Sewne. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. V, 1857, p. 10ot et, Synops: Lich., vol. I, 1860; p.
321. — Opfisteria cellulosa Wain. in Arkiv f6r Bot., vol. VIII, no. 4, 1909, p. 93.
Ohne nahere Standortsangabe (nach NYL. a. o. O).
Masatierra: siidliche Abhange des Portezuelo, 600 m; Quebrada Juanango,
250 m, auf Baumstammen und auf Zweigen, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Sect. Eunephroma Stzbgr.
N. antarcticum Nyl.
Nye Synops, wich,- vol 1) 1860, pr 317, tab. VIE fig: 273 ue im iNeuy.
Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. II, 1900, p. 106. — Lichen antarcticus Wulf. in
JAco., Miscell. Bot. Austr., vol. II, 1781, p. 370, tab. X;)fig. 1. —= Opesterza ant
arctica Wain. in Arkiv fdr Bot., vol., VIII, no. 4, 1909, p. 93. — Lephroma arc-
fon Mont. “apud: Gaye Hist.’ Misic: y Polit. Chile) Bor, vol Vill, 1652, "pe 111
(non alior.).
Masatierra: auf Baumzweigen (BERTERO).
Masafuera: Cord6én del Barril, 1,200, auf Drzmys und auf dem Siidost-
abhange des Berges Los Inocentes, 900 m, auf Drimys im Decksonia-Wald (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG)
Es unterliegt keinem Zweifel, dass sich die Angabe MONTAGNE's nicht
auf Nephroma arcticum bezieht. Beide Arten wurden vielfach verwechselt, sie
sind habituell sehr ahnlich, HUE und NYLANDER (an den oben angetihrten
356 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Stellen) haben die Unterschiede auseinandergesetzt und legen dabei ein grosses
Gewicht auf die Farbe der Lagerunterseite. Indes ist dieses Merkmal nur
unter einer gewissen Einschrankung und mit Vorsicht zu benutzen. Bei
Nephroma arcticum ist, von einem schmalen, hellen Rande abgesehen die La-
gerunterseite dunkel; bei Mephroma antarcticum hingegen ist die Lagerunter-
seite zum grdssten Teil hell, im Zentrum jedoch ebenfalls mehr oder weniger
dunkel, nur fehlen an diesen dunklen Stellen die Rhizinen. Ich betrachte beide
als geographische Rassen.
N. australe A. Rich.
A. Ricu, Woyage de Découv. de l’Astrolabe, Bot., vol. 1, 1832 i sieetaie
IX, fig. 2; Nyt... Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 318; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du
Muséum, ser. 4, vol. Il, 1900, p. 106. — Feltigera ausiralis Mont. in Annal. Scienc.
Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 86. — Wephromium antarcticum var. tenue Nyl.,
Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 317. — Opzsteria australis Wain. in Arkiv fér Bot.,
vol. VIM; no: “4, 1909, (p: 93.
Masatierra: In den Bergwaldern auf Baumrinden (BERTERO no. 1653,
1655).
Peltigera Pers.
*P. rufescens (Neck.) Humb.
Masatierra: Valle de Anson am Fusse des Cordén Damajuana, auf dem
Erdboden, steril; niedriger Riicken bei der Kolonie, 147 m, auf der Erde, steril
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
P. polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm.
Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 87 et apud Gay,
Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 96; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan
Fernand., 1896, p. 108.
Masatierra: auf der Erde, auf Baumwurzeln und am Fusse der Baum-
stamme (BERTERO no. 1650).
f. pellucida Dietr.
Dietr., Lichenogr. German., 1832—37, p. 27, tab. 128. — Luchen caninus,
pellucidus Web., Spicil. Flor. Gé6tting., 1778, p. 270. — Leltidea polydactyla var.
pellucida Ach., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 287.
Masafuera: im Hochland, bei 1,200 m, auf der Erde fruchtend (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
*var. dolichorrhiza Ny].
Ny. Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 327; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum,
ser. 4, vol. II, 1900, p. 99. — Leltigera dolichorrhiza Nyl|., Lich. Nov. Zeland.,
1888, p. 43.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 357
Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland bei 200 m, auf moosigen Steinen; Puerto
Ingles, an felsigen Abstiirzen, 575 m, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Lecideaceae.
Lecidea (Ach.) Th. Fr.
A. Thallus crustaceus, uniformis.
a. Apothecia biatorina; species corticola L. mutabilis.
b. Apothecia lecideina; species saxicolae.
I. Hypothecium incolor vel pallidum.
1. Apothecia in margine primum distincte albo-cincta
L. leucozonata.
2. Apothecia semper nigro-marginata.
7. Paraphyses facile liberae.
*_ Epithecium coerulescens L. enteroleuca.
Epithecium fuscescens.
§. Thallus cinerascens, Ca Cl,O, —, L. latypea.
§§. Thallus flavo-viridescens, Ca Cl,O, rubens
L. viridans.
6. Paraphyses conglutinatae L. leucophaca.
II. Hypothecium obscurum, plus minus nigrum et carbonaceum.
1. Thallus flavidus, discus nudus.
ok
a. Thallus Ca Cl,O, rubens, pulvinatus L. cyanosarca.
6. Thallus Ca Cl,O, —, crustaceus L. tnactiva.
2. Thallus cinereus vel albidus; discus apotheciorum prui-
nosus L. avium.
B. Thallus squamulosus, hepatico-luteus Le cbterieg.
Sect. Eulecidea Th. Fr.
L. avium A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis. 0,z—0,3 mm _ Crassus,
cinerascenti-, plumbeo- vel fulvo-cinerascens, KHO e luteo demum sordide
aurantiacus vel sordide rubens, Ca Cl,0, —, opacus, effusus, areolatus, areolis
fissuris tenuissimis limitatis, parvis 0,3—0,6 (0,8) mm latis, angulosis, planis,
superne laevigatis, sorediis et isidiis nullis, in margine thalli protothallo nigri-
cante cinctus; medulla alba, 1 —, KHO lutescens, CaCl,O, —, ex hyphis dense
inspersis formata.
Apothecia lecideina, adpresso-sessilia, dispersa, usque I mm lata, sed nor-
maliter minora, rotunda, demum in margine leviter sinuoso-flexuosa; discus
livido-, subsulphurascenti- vel caesio-pruinosus, opacus, planus vel convexiu-
sculus; margo proprius niger, valde tenuis, persistens, parum prominulus, disco
madefacto bene distinctus; excipulum sat angustum, extus nigrum, intus
358 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
cinereus (hyphis dense inspersis), infra hymenium leviter inflexum; hypothecium
crassiusculum, decolor, ex hyphis intricatis formatum, molle; hymenium su-
perne sordide fuscescens et pulverulentum, NO, non tinctum, KHO particulae
pulveraceae dissolvuntur, caeterum decolor, purum, I intense violaceo-coeruleum,
demum aeruginoso-sordidescens, 70—85 wp. altum; paraphyses filiformes, strictae,
simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem vix latiores, conglutinatae; asci oblongo-clavati,
hymenio subaequilong!, recti, ad apicem rotundati et membrana primum bene
incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, simplices, elli-
psoideae vel ovali-ellipsoideae, rectae, parvae, 8,5—9 wu. longae et plus minus 4 »,
latae, membrana tenui cinctae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum minuta, vertice convexo, nigro, nitidulo
prominula; perifulcrium dimidiatum, fusco-nigrescens; fulcra exobasidialia,; pycno-
conidia filiformi-bacillaria, arcuata, rarius hamata, utrinque retusata, 14—I7 wp.
longa et ad 1 wy lata.
Masatierra: niedriger Felsriicken am Siidabhang von Tres Puntas und
auf dem unweit davon gelegenen »Vogelgipfel», 380 m, an Felswanden (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Der chilenischen Lecizdea aeruginosa Nyl. ziemlich nahe stehend unter-
scheidet sie sich von dieser schon durch die Farbe des Lagers.
*L. inactiva A, Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, sat late expansus, versus am-
bitum attenuatus, in centro crassior et ibidem usque I mm crassus; stramineo-
vel isabellino-pallescens vel cremicolor, opacus, KHO e flavo subaurantiacus,
Ca Cl,O, non tinctus, KHO+CaCl,O, sordide subaurantiacus, minute verru-
culoso-areolatus et praeterea irrugulariter rimosus, areolis 0,2—0,s5 (0,7) mm latis,
in centro thalli continuis et convexis, in ambitu thalli paulum dispersis et hypo-
thallo tenuissimo, albido insidentibus, ad ipsum ambitum linea nigra tenuique
cinctus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus; medulla alba, tartarea, I —.
Apothecia lecideina, primum thallo arcte adpressa, demum sessilia, dispersa
vel hinc inde approximata et dein subirregularia, parva, 0,3—0,6 (0,7) mm lata,
planiuscula vel demum convexiuscula, nigra, opaca; discus niger, epruinosus;
margo proprius primum valde tenuis, haud prominulus, integer, demum de-
pressus et indistinctus; excipulum integrum, fusconigrum, infra hymenium crasse
productum; hymenium superne anguste aeruginoso-nigricans vel nigricans, non
inspersum, KHO —, NO, obscure coeruleum, caeterum pallide coerulescens et
purum, 90-—100 ». altum, I coeruleum; paraphyses filiformes, strictae, contextae,
simplices et eseptatae, ad apicem clavato-capitatae et obscuratae; asci hymenio
subaequilongi, oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana incrassata
cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, simplices, oblongo-ellipsoideae
vel ellipsoideo-ovales, rectae, membrana tenul cinctae, minutae, 8,5—I0,5 u
longae et 4,5—5,5 vy. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: an Felswanden, Pico Central, 363 m; beim SELKIRK-Denk-
mal, 590 m; Cordén Salsipuedes, 465 m und Puerto Ingles (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 359
*L. cyanosarca A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, crassiusculus, usque 2,5 mm
altus, pulvinulos leviter convexos vel plus minus deplanatos, demum confluentes
formans, isabellinus vel pallide ochraceo-stramineus, opacus, KHO_ flavens,
Ca Cl,O, lateritio-ruber, sat irregulariter vel subareolatim rimosus, fissuris altis
et angustis vel paulum hiantibus, in centro plus minus verruculosus, ad am-
bitum passim subradians, breviter longitudinaliter torulosus, bene determinatus,
sed linea obscuriore non cinctus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus; stratum corticale
superficiem thalli et latera fissurarum obducens, angustum, 30— 40 yp, crassum,
ex hyphis intricatis et inspersis formatum; medulla alba, crassa, KHO sordide
flavens, Ca Cl,O, lateritio-rubens, ex hyphis non amylaceis, inspersis et intri-
catis formata; stratum gonidiale infra corticem situm, sat crassum, continuum,
gonidiis laete viridibus, globosis vel subglobosis, usque 15 y, latis.
Apothecia lecideina, immersa vel adpressa, sed superficiem thalli non
superantia, dispersa vel approximata, e rotundo subangulosa, nigra, opaca,
parva, usque I mm lata, e plano convexiuscula; margo niger, valde tenuis et
parum conspicuus, non prominulus; excipulum integrum, sat crassum, fusco-
nigrum; hypothecium tenue, pallidum; hymenium superne late aeruginoso-
coerulescens, NO, magis coeruleum, caeterum decolor, non inspersum, 120—
140 » altum, I intense coeruleum; paraphyses conglutinatae, filiformns, eseptatae,
ad apicem clavatae; asci hymenio subaequilongi, oblongo-clavati, ad apicem
rotundati et membrana paulum incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis bi- vel
triseriales, decolores, simplices, ovales vel ovali-ellipsoideae, rectae, membrana
tenui cinctae, 8,5—10 y, longae et 3,5—5 p. latae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum minuta, vertice convexo, nigro, nitidulo
thallum paulum superantia; perifulcrium dimidiatum, nigrescens; fulcra exobasi-
dialia; basidia subfiliformia, densa, pycnoconidiis vix longiora; pycnoconidia
filiformia, bacillaria, recta vel subrecta, ad apices retusa, 8—9 p longa et
I—I,5 » lata.
Masatierra: steinige, trockene Heide bei Tres Puntas (C. und I. SKorTs-
BERG).
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril, bei 100 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG),
=f, superfusa A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Apothecia tenuiter glauco- vel subsulphureo-suffusa.
Masatierra: Portezuelo del Villagra, beim SELKIRK-Denkmal, 590 m, auf
Felsen (C_ und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. leucoplaca Mill. Arg.
Mttiri. Arc. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXI, 1892, p. 281.
Thallus crustaceus, uniformis, tartareus, tenuis, lacteus vel cinerascenti-
albidus, opacus, KHO —, Ca Cl,0O, —, continuus, laevigatus, in margine linea
obscuriore non cinctus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus; hyphae medullares non
amylaceae.
360 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Apothecia lecideina, sessilia, dispersa vel approximata, rotunda, atra,
opaca, usque 1,5 mm _ lata, e concaviusculo demum convexula vel inaequalia,
margo proprius crassus, integer, prominulus, demum depressus; excipulum
integrum, inferne (sub hymenio) fere decolor, ex hyphbis tangentialibus for-
matum, in parte marginali crassum, extus anguste nigricans, intus decolor, ex
hyphis radiantibus, dense contextis, non septatis formatum; hypothecium an-
gustum, decolor; hymenium superne obscure olivaceum, KHO —, NOs; —,
caeterum decolor et purum; paraphyses filiformes. strictae, simplices, eseptatae,
ad apicem vix latiores, dense contextae, in KHO autem facile liberae; asci
hymenio paulum breviores, oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana
primum bene incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis subbiseriales, decolores,
simplices, ellipsoideae vel ovali-ellipsoideae, membrana tenui cinctae, rectae,
I2—14,5 ». longae et 5—5,5 uw latae.
Masatierra: an Felsen im obersten Teile des Villagratales (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
* L. leucozonata A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, tartareus, cinereus, opacus,
KHO —, Ca Cl,0, —, areolatus, areolis confertis, versus ambitum thalli tantum
plus minus dispersis, angulosis, 0,;—1 mm latis, fissuris tenuibus limitatis, planis
vel planiusculis, sorediis et isidiis nullis, hypothallus distinctus non evolutus;
medulla alba, KHO —, CaCl,O, —, hyphis non amyloideis.
Apothecia lecideina, sessilia, rotunda, usque 1,5 mm lata, dispersa vel
approximata; discus niger, fere opacus, epruinosus, e concaviusculo planus,
demum convexiusculus vel leviter gibbosus; margo primum leviter prominulus,
integer, tenuis, albus, demum obscuratus et depressus; excipulum dimidiatum,
crassiusculum, extus fusconigrum, intus pallidum, cinereum vel cinereo-fuscescens;
hypothecium angustum, pallide lutescens, molle, ex hyphis intricatis, non
inspersis formatum; hymenium superne umbrino- nigricans, KHO —, NO; —,
non inspersum, caeterum fere decolor et in parte inferiore pallide aeruginoso-
coerulescens, 60—80 y, altum, I intense coeruleum; paraphyses filiformes,
strictae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem clavatae et obscuratae, conglutinatae;
asci oblongo-clavati, hymenio subaequilongi, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales,
decolores, simplices, late ellipsoideae vel ovales, rectae, membrana tenui cinctae,
minutae, 8.5—11 p, longae et 4—6 y, latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masafuera: Cerro Correspondencia, bei 1,400 m, auf vulkanischem Ge-
stein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
* L. enteroleuca Ny].
Nyt. in Flora, vol. LXIV, 1881, p. 187; Arn. in Flora, vol. LXVII, 1884, p.
558 et Zur Lich., Flora Miinchen in Bericht Bayr. Bot. Gesellsch., vol. I, Anhang,
169m p. $0. — Hepp, Flecht. Burop., no: 129:
Masatierra: Pangal, auf Strandfelsen, und Steilwand unweit des Porte-
zuelopasses, 600 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 365
Masafuera: im untersten Teil der Quebrada de las Casas, auf vulka-
nischem Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. latypea Ach.
Acu., Method. Lich., 1803, suppl., p. 10; ARN. in Flora, vol. LXXVII, 1884,
p- 562; Warn. in Arkiv f6r Bot., vol. VIII, no. 4, 1909, p. 133.
Masatierra: auf Blocken zwischen der Kolonie und Pangal (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
An den gesammelten Stiicken sind die Apothezien etwas kleiner und
etwas mehr gewolbt als in den europdischen Exemplaren, iibrigens aber ganz
ibereinstimmend.
*L. viridans Lamy.
Lamy in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vol. XXV, 1878, p. 446; ARN. in Flora, vol.
LXXVII, 1884, p 559; A. L. Smit, Monogr. Brit. Lich., vol. II, 1911, p. 55. —
Lectdella viridans K6rb., Syst. Lich. German., 1855, p. 242 et Parerg. Lich., 1861,
p. 213. — Sratore viridans Hepp, Flecht. Europ. no. 726.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, 590 m, auf vulkanischem Gestein
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Sect. Biatora (Ach.) Br. et Rostr.
L. mutabilis Fée.
Fér, Suppl. Essai Crypt. Ecorc. Officin., 1837, p. 105; tab. XLII, fig. 16;
Nyt. in Acta Soc. Scient. Fennic., vol. VII, 1863, p. 495; Fixx in Contrib U. S.
Nation. Herbarium, vol. XIV, 1910, p. 71; A. L. SmirxH, Monogr. Brit. Lich., vol.
II, 1911, p. 43. — Bvatora vernalis var. varians Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot.,
ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 93. — Statora mutabilis Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y
Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 171; JoHow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand.,
1896, p. 201.
Masatierra: auf Baumrinden (BERTERO no. 1615).
Sect. Psora (Hoffm.) Schaer.
“Letetericaslayl:
Tay. in Hoox., London Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 150; Nyt in Annal.
Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. XV, 1861, p. 360. — Siatora icterica Mont. in
Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. II, 1834, p. 373 et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y
Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 170, tab. XII, fig. 4. — Lecedea endochlora
Tayl. in. Hoox., London Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 151. — Lecanora
Wrightze Tuck. im Americ. Journ. Arts and Scienc., ser. 2, vol. XXV, 1858, p.
425. — Biatora Wrighttt Tuck., Lich. Californ., 1866, p. 31, not. — sora icterica
Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXXI, 1888, p. 45; Finx in Contrib. U. N. Nation. Her-
bar., vol. XIV, 1910, p. 103:
262 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masafuera: Playa Ancha, am Meeresstrand auf humoser Erde (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Catillaria (Ach.) Th. Fr.
A. Apothecia pallide marginata, habitu lecanarino.
a. Apothecia nigra; sporae oblongae vel subfusiformes, 14—30 p.
longae et 5—7 wu. latae C. endochroma.
b. Apothecia pallida, ceracea, livida vel livido-nigricantia; sporae
ovales vel ovali-ellipsoideae, 17—20 ». longae et 8—g y, latae —
C. leucochlora.
B. Apothecia nigro-marginata, typice lecideina.
a. Hypothecium obscuratum; apothecia mediocria.
I. Hypothecium rubrofuscum; sporae 15— 19 ». longae et 6—8,5 u.
latae C. intermixta.
Il. Hypothecium coerulescenti-nigricans, in parte marginali strato
albo praeditum; sporae 25—30 uw. longae et I12—16y, crassae
C. melastegia f. mesoleucodes.
b. Hypothecium decolor; apothecia minuta, convexa et immarginata
C. theobromina.
*=C. intermixta Arn.
Arn. apud Gtowacki in Verhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch., Wien, vol. XX, 1870,
p- 455. — Lecidea intermixta Nyl. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. III,
1855, p. 161 et Lich. Scandin, 1861, p. 194; Harm. in Bull. Soc. Scienc. Nancy,
ser. 2, vol. XXXIII, (1898) 1899, p. 59, tab. XXII, fig..54. — Cetilaria Laureri
Hepp apud Arvn., Lich. exsicc. no. 353 (1867); TH. Fr., Lichenogr. Scand., vol. I,
1874, p. 582. — Buatorina imtermixta Kieffer in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, 1895,
p-184; 7A. 1s. Smira, “Monogr. Brit: Michs>vol- IL* 19o1r,-p. £25.
Masatierra: Cordon Chifladores, 350 m, auf der Rinde einer Rodznsonia
thurifera; Cordén Centinela, 530, auf Stammen der Dendroseris micrantha;
Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Dendroseris micrantha und Fagara
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*C. melastegia (Nyl.) A. Zahlbr. f. mesoleucodes A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Lecidea melastegia f. mesoleucodes Ny\., Lich. Fueg. et Patagon., 1888, p. 15. —
Catillaria grossa var. mesoleucodes A. Zahlbr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl.,
vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917. p. 22.
Masatierra: auf dem Bergriicken iiber Pangal, 400 m, auf Coprosma py-
rifolium (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado, 446 m, auf der Rinde der Dendroseris
giganiea und Quebrada de la Loberia, 300 m, auf dlterer Lumarinde (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Excipulum crassiusculum, integrum, coeruleo-nigrum, in parte marginali
intus anguste decolor; hymenium superne anguste coeruleo-nigrum, caeterum
decolor, aquoso-pellucidum, purum, 180—200 yp, altum, I e coerulescente mox
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 363
cupreo-rufidulum; paraphyses capillares, strictae, simplices, eseptatae, conglu-
tinatae; asci hymenio subaequilongi, oblongo~clavati, superne rotundati et mem-
brana incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, ovales vel
ovali-ellipsoideae, utrinque rotundatae, rectae, uniseptatae, septo et membrana
tenui, ad septum non constrictae, 26—30 p. longae et 12—15 yp. latae.
*C, endochroma A. Zahlbr.
A. ZAucpr. in ENGLERR-PRANTL, Natiirl. Pflanzenfam., r. ‘Teil, Abt. 1*, 1995,
p. 134. — Lecanora endochroma Feée, Essai . Crypt. Ecorc. Officin., 1824, p. 114,
tab. XXIX, fig. 1. — Lecidea endochroma Nyl. in Flora, vol. XLI, 1858, p. 380 et
in Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., ser. 2, vol. III, 1869, p. 271. — Psorothecium endo-
chromum Mass. in Atti I. R. Istit. Veneto, ser. 3, vol. V, 1860, p. 261; MULL. ARc.
in Revue Mycol., vol. IX, 1887, p. 89. — Heterothectum endochromum Fw. in Bot.
Zeitung, vol. VIII, 1850, p. 555; TucKx., Synops. North Americ. Lich., vol. I,
1888, p. 55.
Masatierra: Quebrada de la Choza, 250 m, auf Baumrinden im Walde
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
C. leucochlora A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Parmelia leucochlora Mont.! in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, vol. XVIII,
1852, p. 310 et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIL, 1852, p.
152. — Parmelia varia ¥r. var. leucochlora Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2. vol.
IV, 1835, p. 91. —- Bérengeria leucochlora ‘Vrevis., Spighe e Paglie, 1853, p. 5. —
Lecidea leucochlora Nyl. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. IJ], 1855, p. 184;
Hue in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 3, vol. II], 1891, p. 107. — Bayrhofferia
leucochlora Trevis. in Rivist. Period. Lavori Accad. Padova, vol. V, 1857, p. 69.
Thallus epiphloeodes, crustaceus, uniformis, sat expansus, tenuis, albidus
vel dilute alutaceus, fere opacus, KHO flavens, Ca Cl,O, —, continuus vel sub-
strato rupto passim irregulariter fissus, utplurimum sat laevigatus vel subpul-
veraceo-inaequalis, rarius minute granulosus, sorediis et isidiis non praeditus,
in margine hinc inde linea tenui nigricante cinctus.
Apothecia pseudolecanorina, sessilia, ad basin leviter constricta, dispersa
vel plus minus approximata, rotunda vel rotundata, usque 2 mm lata, e con-
cavo convexiuscula vel convexa, cerina vel livida, demum nigricantia, caesio-
pruinosa vel subnuda; margo proprius primum bene prominens, integer, disco
pallidior, dein flexuosus et demum depressus; excipulum crassum, chondroideum,
dimidiatum, in sectione late obtriangulare, decolor vel in margine tenuiter in-
fuscatum, ex hyphis radiantibus, strictis, tenuibus, arcte conglutinatis, eseptatis
formatum, I vix lutescens, gonidia nulla includens; hypothecium sat crassum,
fere decolor, ex hyphis dense intricatis formatum, I e coeruleo aeruginoso-
obscuratum; hymenium superne anguste sordide fuscidulum et pulverulento-
inspersum, caeterum decolor et purum, 120-130 y altum, I primum intense
coeruleum, demum in sordide cupreum vergens; paraphyses filiformes. con-
glutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci hymenio subae-
quilongi, ovali-clavati, superne rotundati et membrana sat bene incrassata cincti,
8-spori; sporae in ascis bi- vel triseriales, decolores, ovali-ellipsoideae, curvulae,
364 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
uniseptatae, septo tenui, ad septum non constrictae, membrana tenui cinctae,
17—20 ». longae et 8—g yp. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
f. typica A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thallus granulosus, alutaceo-cinerascens.
Masatierra; auf Rinde (BERTERO no. 1616).
Masafuera: Hochplateau zwischen Quebrada Sanchez und Ensenada
Toltén, 515 m, auf Baumrinden (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Diese Form entspricht dem MONTAGNE'schen Urstiick.
f. laevigata A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thallus laevigatus, granulis nullis, albidus.
Masatierra: auf dem Riicken des Pangal, 400 m, auf Coprosma-Rinde;
Portezuelo, beim SELKIRK-Denkmal, 590 m, auf Aodzusonza-Rinde; Quebrada
Salsipuedes, 625 m, auf Rinden (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*C. theobromina A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, substratum tenuissime obducens,
late expansus, theobrominus vel passim theobromino-cinerascens, opacus, KHO —,
Ca Cl,0, —, continuus, leviter inaequalis, sorediis et isidiis nullis, in margine
linea obscuriore non cinctus.
Apothecia sat copiosa, plus minus dispersa, nigra, opaca, lecideina, ses-
silia, rotunda, mox convexa et demum fere semiglobosa, parva, 0,3—0.4 (— 0,5)
mm lata; margo proprius in juventute apotheciorum valde tenuis, integer et vix
prominulus, mox depressus; excipulum dimidiatum, fusconigrum, ad basin ver-
sus hymenium productum, 18—28 uw, crassum; hypothecium fere decolor, molle,
ex hyphis intricatis formatum; hymenium superne coceruleo-nigricans, NOs in-
tense coeruleum, non inspersum, in centro et in parte marginali dilute coeru-
lescens, caeterum decolor, purum, 34—4o vu. altum; paraphyses filiformi capillares,
strictae, conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem capitatae et obscuratae;
asci hymenio subaequilongi, oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana
primum bene incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores,
oblongae vel ellipsoideo-oblongae, utrinque rotundatae, rectae, uniseptatae, septo
et membrana tenui, parvae, 7—8 ». longae et ad 2 », latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, 590 m, auf vulkanischem Gestein (C.
und I. SKOTYTSBERG).
Megalospora Mey. et Fw.
*M. versicolor A. Zahlbr.
A. Zantspr. in ENGLER PRantt, Natiirl. Pflanzenfamil., 1 Teil, Abt. 1*, 1905,
p. 134; RippLe in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. XLIV, 1917, p. 327, tab. XXI, fig. 9. —
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 365
Lecanora versicolor Fée, Essai Crypt. Ecorc. Officin., 1824, p. 115, tab. XXVIII,
fig. 4. — Lecidea versicolor Nyl. in Acta Soc. Scient. Fennic., vol. VII, 1863, p.
461. — Feterothecium versicolor Fw. in Bot. Zeitung. vol. VIII, 1850, p. 555; Tuck.,
Synops. North Americ Lich., vol. II, 1888, p. 54. — VPatellaria versicolor Miill.
Arg. in Flora, vol. LXV, 1882, p. 330. — Bvatorina versicolor Hellb. in Bihang
till Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. XXI, afd. II, no. 13, 1896, p. 109.
var. microcarpa A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus tenuis, albidus, continuus vel imprimis versus ambitum discon-
tinuus et hypothallo cinerascente vel umbrino insidens.
Apothecia nigra, nuda, minuta, 0,2—0,3 mm lata, mox convexa, margine
haud conspicuo; sporae 27—38 wp. longae et 17—20 y. latae, in ascis binae.
Masatierra: Quebrada Salsipuedes, 615 m, auf Baumzweigen (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Bacidia (De Not.) A. Zahlbr.
A. Apothecia saltem primum distincte pallide marginata.
I. Hypothallus distinctus deest B. delapsans.
II. Hypothallus distinctus, niger B. subluteota.
B. Margo apotheciorum disco concolor.
I. Apothecia nigra B. endoleuca.
Il. Apothecia plus minus fusca.
a. Sporae crassiores; hymenium superne olivaceo-coerulescens
vel nigro-violaceum B. endoleuca var. laurocerasz.
b. Sporae graciles, subfiliformes; hymenium superne fuscescens
vel subdecolor B. arceutina var. hyposcotina
=B. endoleuca Kickx.
Kicxz, Flore Crypt. Flandr., vol. I, 1857, p. 261; Tu. Fr., Lichenogr. Scand.,
vol. I, 1874, p. 347; Watn. in Acta Soc. Scient. Fennic., vol. LIII, no. 1, 1922,
p. 148 et 177- — Biatora luteola f. endoleuca Nyl\. in Bot. Notiser, 1853, p. 98.
Masatierra: Plazoleta del Yunque, 235 m, auf Avzstote/ia-Rinde (C. und
I, SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada Blindado, 440 m, auf der glatten Rinde von Den-
droserts gigantea (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*var. laurocerasi Arn.
Arn. in Flora, vol. LIII, 1870, p. 472; Oxiv., Expos. Lich. Ouest France,
vol. II, 1900, p. 19. — VPatellaria laurocerasi Del. apud Duby, Botanic. Gallic.,
vol. II, 1830, p. 652. — Bacidia laurocerasi Wain. in Acta Soc. Scient. Fennic.,
Moll, no. 1; 1922, Ps 147 eb 17 5-
Masatierra: Plazoleta del Yunque, 235 m, auf A7zstofelza-Rinde (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
366 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masafuera: Hochebene zwischen Quebrada Sanchez und Ensenada Toltén,
515 m, auf Lumarinde (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
b
*B. arceutina (Ach.) Arn. var. hyposcotina A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Apothecia usque I mm lata, primum rubricoso-fusca, demum obscurata,
nigricantia; hypothecium crassiusculum, rufofuscum; hymenium superne dilute
fuscescens vel fere decolor, non inspersum, caeterum decolor, 50—70 . altum,
I praecedente coerulescentia mox cupreo-fuscum; paraphyses filiformes, sim-
plices, eseptatae, ad apicem paulum latiores, conglutinatae; asci hymenio subae-
quilongi, anguste clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana modice incrassata
cincti, 8-spori; sporae decolores, filiformi-capillares, subrectae, in uno apice le-
viter latiores, subindistincte pluriseptatae, 42— 50 u. longae et ad 1 yw. latae.
Masatierra: Cordén Chifladores, 350 m, auf dem Stamme einer Kodzn-
sonia thurifera (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Habituell gleicht diese neue Varietat der Bacidia fuscorubclla (Hoffm.),
wie sie bei HEpP unter no. 520 ausgegeben ist; die grazilen Sporen zeigen
indes, dass sie mit ihr nichts zu tun hat. Das Hypothezium ist schon in den
jungsten Friichten dunkel gefarbt und kraftig entwickelt.
*B. delapsans A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epiphloeodes, tenuissimus, substratum arcte obducens, maculas
formans irregulares, sat extenuatas, margine linea nigra cinctas et demum plus
minus confluentes, lutoso-cinerascens, opacus, KHO lutescens, Ca C]l,O, —, pri-
mum pulverulento~leprosulus, demum leprosus, continuus, sorediis et isidiis non
praeditus.
Apothecia lecideina, sessilia, mox elabentia et foveolas rotundas relin-
quentia, normaliter dispersa, rotunda, minuta, 0.5—O.8 mm lata, e plano mox
convexa, umbrino nigricantia, opaca, madefacta magis umbrina; margo proprius
primum valde tenuis, integer, cinerascens, mox depressus; excipulum ad am-
bitum nigricans, intus pallidum, ex hyphis dense intricatis, elementa substrati
includentibus formatum, I —; hypothecium crassum, fusconigrum, versus am-
bitum rufescens, KHO vix mutatum; hymenium angustum, 45—55 uw. altum,
superne anguste umbrino~fuscum, KHO violaceum, caeterum maculatim dilute
fuscescens vel decolor, purum, I e coeruleo mox aeruginoso-obscuratum; pa-
raphyses filiformes, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci crebri,
oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana bene incrassata cincti, 8-
spori; sporae in ascis subtriseriales, verticales, decolores, aciculari-fusiformes,
subrectae vel curvulae, in uno apice rotundatae vel acutatae, in altero apice
normaliter fusiformi-acutatae, subindistincte pluriseptatae, 28—45 u longae et
I,5—I.8 v. latae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum punctiformia, nigra, concavo-emersa; peri-
fulcrium superne obscuratum, caeterum pallidum; fulcra exobasidialia; pycno-
conidia oblonga, minuta, I.s—2 wv, longa.
Masatierra: Quebrada Gutierrez, und Quebrada seca, auf Rinde von
Fuanta australis, 435 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 367
Das Excipulum ist eigentlich dem anatomischen Bau nach lekanorinisch,
indem es aus verwebten Hyphen, welche jenen der Markschicht ahnlich sind,
gebildet wird. Es scheint sich auch unter das Hypothezium zu erstrecken,
doch ist die Begrenzung schwer wahrzunehmen, da die Hyphen beider Schichten
wenig verschieden sind. Der Fruchtrand ist demnach hier ahnlich gebaut, wie
bei manchen Arten der Gattung Lecedea sect. Lulecidea, z. B. bei Lecidea po-
lycarpa F\ik., wo das Verhaltnis nur insoferne deutlicher hervortritt, als alle
Markhyphen durch Kalilauge blutrot gefarbt werden und diese Farbung sich
auch auf die Hyphen des Excipulums erstreckt.
*B. subluteola A. Zahlbr.
A. ZaAHLBR. in Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw, Cl., vol. CXI,
Abt. 1, 1902, p. 395 et in Denkschrift. math.-naturw Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol.
LXXXIII, 1909, p. 129. — Lecidea subluteola Ny\. in Flora, vol. LU, 1869, p. 122.
Latellaria subluteola Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXIV, 1881, p. 522.
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia, 300 m, auf Lumarinde (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Toninia Th. Fr.
*T. (sect. Eutoninia) bullata A. Zahlbr.
A. Zauipr. in Beihefte zum Bot. Centralbl., vol. XIX, Abt. II, 1905, p. jo.
— Lecidea bullata Mey. et Fw. in Nova Acta. Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carolin., vol.
XIX, suppl. 1, 1843, p. 227.
Apothecia primum subpedicellata, cupularia, demum applanata, usque 3
mm lata, rotunda; discus niger, nudus; margo primum crassiusculus, obtusus,
inflexus, niger, demum angustatus, minus prominulus et leviter crenulatus;
receptaculum subtus primum nigricans et verruculosum, evolutum pallide ru-
fescens, verruculosum, sed verruculae minus prominentes, extus et inferne cras-
siuscule corticatum, cortice chondroideo, lutescente, ex hyphis ramosis et dense
contextis formato; hypothecium angustum, obscure fuscum vel fere nigrum,
ex hyphis perpendicularibus formatum; hymenium 70- gO u. crassum, superne
anguste nigricans, non inspersum, KHO —, caeterum decolor et purum, I pri-
mum coerulescens, tandem sordide aeruginosum; paraphyses filiformes, ad 2 vu.
crassae, strictae, simplices, primum facile liberae, ad apicem clavatae et obscu-
ratae, clavo 3,5—4 y. lato; asci clavati, ad apicem rotundati, hymenio subae-
quilongi, recti, membrana in parte apicali primum valde incrassata cincti, 8-
spori; sporae in ascis 3—4 seriales, decolores, verticales, subcylindricae, in uno
apice paulum latiores, utrinque rotundatae, subrectae vel curvulae, 8—10-locu-
lares, septis pertenuibus, 38—52 v. longae et 3,5—4 y. latae.
Masafuera: iiber abgestorbenen Moosen beim Correspondencialager,
1,150 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Ich hatte bisher die Flechte bevor ich die Apothezien kennen lernte wegen
der Gestalt des Lagers bei der sect. Yhalloidima untergebracht; nunmehr
368 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
unterliegt es keinem Zweifel, dass sie zur sect. Eudoninza gehort. Der Thallus
wurde von MEYER und FLOTOW zutreffend beschrieben, ich fitige erganzungs-
weise nur hinzu, dass die Lagerwarzen bis 3 mm breit werden, bald zerstreut
stehen, bald aneinander geriickt sind.
Lopadium Korb.
*L. leucoxanthum A. Zahlbr.
A. ZAHLBR. in Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. CX],
Abt. 1, 1902, p. 398. — Lecedea leucoxantha Sprgl. in Kgl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl.,
1820, p. 46.
var. albidius A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus lacteus vel albus. Apothecia usque 2 mm lata, ad basin constricta,
basi angusta elato-sessilia; discus croceus vel vitellino-subcroceus; margo proprius
crassiusculus, integer, albus vel lutescenti-albidus.
Masatierra: Cordén Chifladores, 350 m, auf Robinsonien; Quebrada seca,
435 m, auf der Rinde einer Dendroseris micrantha; Quebrada Salsipuedes, auf
Rinden; Quebrada de la Choza, 250 m, auf Baumrinden (e und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
Rhizocarpon DC.
A. Thallus flavus R. geographicum.
B. Thallus cinereus vel albidus.
Sporae 13—16 ». longae et 8,5--9 p. latae R. microspernum.
Sporae 22—30u. longae et 10-14. latae A. obscuratum var. demimutum.
*R. geographicum (L.) DC. f. contiguum (Schaer.) Mass.
Masafuera: auf einem vulkanischen Block im oberen Teil der Quebrada
de las Vacas und Strandfelsen in der Quebrada del Mono (C. und I. SKOTTs-
BERG).
*R. (sect. Eurhizocarpon) microspermum A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, tenuis, crustaceus, uniformis, tartareus, plumbeo- vel
cinereo-albidus, opacus, KHO —, Ca Cl,0, —, rimoso-areolatus, areolis parvis,
O.2z—1 mm latis, subangulosis, contiguis, planis, fissuris angustis et plus minus
flexuosis separatis, superne laevigatus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, in margine
linea obscuriore distincta non cinctus; medulla alba, ex hyphis non amyloideis
formata.
Apothecia lecideina, primum inter areolas thalli sedentia, mox elavata et
adpresse sessilia, nigra, opaca, rotunda, usque I mm lata, dispersa vel approxi-
mata, e plano leviter convexa, non umbonata; margo primum leviter promi-
nulus, integer angustusque, demum depressus; excipulum nigrum, integrum,
olivaceo-fuscum, infra hymenium sat crassum, ad latera hymenii nigrum; hyme-
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 369
nium superne obscure fuscum, KHO haud mutatum, non pulverulentum, cae-
terum decolor, purum, 130—150 y. altum, I intense coeruleum; paraphyses
strictiusculae, subsimplices, gelatinose conglutinatae, eseptatae; asci hymenio
subaequilongi, oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati, 8-spori; sporae in ascis
2—3 seriales, decolores, ellipsoideae vel ovales, depauperato-murales, septis hori-
zontalibus 3—4, septo verticali utplurimum unico, halone non circumdatae,
parvae, 13—16 yw. longae et 8,5—9 y. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masafuera: Heide des Hochplateaus, 1000—1200 m, auf vulkanischem
Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Gehort in den Formenkreis des Rhzzocarpon obscuratum (Ach.) Mass.; die
kleinen Sporen und die flachen Areolen des hellen Thallus kennzeichnen die
neue Art.
*Rh. obscuratum (Ach.) Mass. var. deminutum A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus cinereo-caesius, minute areolatus, areolis ad 0,15 mm latis. Apothecia
minuta, O2—o,3 mm lata, mox convexiuscula; sporae ut in typo.
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril, auf vulkanischem Gestein (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Phyllopsoraceae.
Phyllopsora Mill. Arg.
Ph. parvifolia Mill. Arg.
Mii. Arc. in Bull. Herbier Boissier, vol. II, 1894, p. 90. — Lecadea parvi-
folta Pers. apud Gaupicu., Voyage Uranic, Bot., 1826, p. 192 — Farmelia parvi-
folia Mont. apud Sacra, Hist. de d’Ile Cuba, Botan., 1838—42, p. 214, tab. X,
meaeer apud Gay, Hist-< Fisic)..y Polit:, Chile, Bot-,, vol) Vil n852)'p 145;
Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 209. — Svatora parvifolia Mont. in
Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 92. — Lecanora bibula ‘Yayl. in
Hoox., London Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 160.
Masatierra; auf Baumrinden in den hoher gelegenen Bergwaldern (BER-
TERO no. 1648).
Cladoniaceae.
Baeomyces Pers.
B. chilensis Cromb.
Croms. in Journ. Linn. Soc London, Bot., vol. XVI, 1876, p. 223; Jonow,
Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 201. — Jvatora byssoides var. chilensis Mont.
apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p..173. — Bacomyces
rufus var. chilensis Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 177.
Masatierra: ohne nahere Standortsangabe (MOSELEY).
24—2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
3709 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masafuera: an Steinen und Felsen an einem Bache unweit des Correspon-
dencialagers bei 1100 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Cladonia (Hill.) Wain.
C. alpestris (L.) Rabh.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 41. — Cladonia rangiferina var. al-
pestris Schaer.: Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852,
p- 166; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 196.
Masatierra: zwischen Moosen auf den hoheren Bergen (BERTERO no.
1605).
*C. pycenoclada (Gaud.) Nyl. var. flavida Wain.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 38.
Masatierra: Cordon Salsipuedes, 625, an sonnigen und steinigen Stellen,
steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: unter dem Gipfel von Los Inocentes, steril (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
C. bacillaris (S. Gray) Nyl.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 88; A. ZauiBr. in Kgl. Svensk. Ve-
tensk.-Akad> Hand; «vol; Vil, no; 6; 1917, 1p. 24:
Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, auf morschen Baumstriinken (C. SKOTTS-
BERG).
*C. didyma Wain. var. vulcanica (Zoll.) Wain.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 145.
Masatierra: auf dem Bergriicken tiber Pangal, 795 m, auf dem Erdboden,
fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
C. coccifera (L.) Willd. var. stemmatina Ach.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 158; A. ZaHtpr. in Kgl. Svensk.
Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. 24. — Cladonia cornucopioides
Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 163; JoHow,
Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 197.
Ohne nahere Standortsangabe (CUMING).
Masatierra: Cordén Salsipuedes, 500—600 m, auf der Erde, fruchtend
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Heide oberhalb Quebrada del Mono, 850 m, schén fruchtend,
darunter einige Podezien mit Bechern, welche in ihrer Mitte proliferieren (= f.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 371
asotea Ach.); auf dem Hochplateau, bei 1200 m; Heide unweit des Campo
Correspondencia, 1130 m, auf der Erde, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG),.
C. aggregata (Sw.) Ach.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 224; Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic.
y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 1673; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand.,
1896, p. 196; A. ZAuLBR. in Kgl. Svensk.-Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6,
1917, p. 25. — Cladia ageregata Nyl.; Croms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot.,
Wolo el, 1877; ps 223.
Masatierra: ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO, MOSELEY); Puerto
Frances, Loma del Incienso; Portezuelo del Villagra, auf losem Tuff und auf
der Erde, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: oberhalb Quebrada del Mono, 850 m, auf dem Hochplateau,
1000—1350 m und beim Campo Correspondencia, 1130 m, steril (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
var. straminea Mill. Arg.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 230.
Masatierra: Am Weg nach Portezuelo, 200 m, auf dem Erdboden, steril
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*Cl. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. f. foliosa Del.
Watn., Monogr. Cladon., vol. I, 1887, p. 333.
Masatierra: Cordén Salsipuedes, 615 m, in Buschwerk zwischen Moosen
auf der Erde (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Cl. gracilis (L.) Willd.
var. chordalis (Flk.) Schaer.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 97.
Masatierra: Portezuelo, bei 600 m, zwischen Moosen auf der Erde (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: auf dem Hochplateau, 750—1200 m, auf dem Erdboden,
fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. tenera Nyl.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 109.
Ohne nahere Standortsangabe (BERTERO).
var. aspera Flk.
Watn., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 110.
2g 7 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masafuera: Heide unweit des Campo Correspondencia, 1100—1350 m,
auf dem Erdboden (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
var. elongata (Jacqu.) Flk.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 116; Mont. in Annal. Scienc, Nat.,
Both ser= 25vol. eV 2 1os5, up. o2:
Ohne Standortsangabe (CUMING).
Masatierra: Portezuelo, auf den hoheren Bergen auf der Erde (BERTERO
no. 1606).
Cl. pyxidata (L.) Fr. var chlorophaea Fk.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 232.
Ohne Standortsangabe (CUMING).
Masafuera: Heide unweit Correspondencia, bei 1350 m, auf der Erde,
fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
C. fimbriata (L) Fr. var. prolifera (Retz.) Mass.
Wain , Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 271. — Cladonia fimbriata var. ra-
diata. Mont. in> Annal, sScienc.. Nat., “Bot., ser. 2, vol: LV, S35, p; 92K):
Masatierra: Auf steinigen Htigeln (BERTERO no. 1607).
var. Balfourii (Crb.) Wain.
Wain., Monogr.. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 339.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono, an der Basis eines Decksonta-Stammes
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Cl. pityrea (Flk.) Fr.
I. Zwackhii f. scyphifera (Del.) Wain.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 354.
Masatierra; Valle Colonial, auf der Erde, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
Masafuera: Heide oberhalb des Monotals, 850 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG)-
f. subacuta Wain.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 355.
Masatierra: am Wege zwischen Portezuelo und Villagra, bei 400 m, auf
der Erde (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN
>)
—I
os)
f. squamulifera Wain.
Wain., Monogr. Cladon., vol. II, 1894, p. 355.
Masatierra: Cordon Centinela, auf Baumstriinken; Quebrada Monte Ma-
derugo, auf abgestorbenen Baumstémmen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
f. sorediosa Wain.
Wain. apud A. Zanvpr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII,
Pred LG07, Pp: 27.
Ohne Standortsangabe (C. SKOTTSBERG).
Stereocaulon Schreb.
A. Phyllocladia linearia, simplicia vel divisa; cephalodia plus minus pe-
dicellata.
a. Cephalodia gonidiis nostocaceis S. vamulosum.
b. Cephalodia gonidiis scytonemaceis S. proximum.
B. Phyllocladia granuliformia; cephalodia sessilia
S. paschale var. magellanicum.
S. paschale (L.) Ach. var. magellanicum Nyl.
Nyt. in Mémoir. Soc. Scienc. Nat. Cherbourg, vol. V, 1857, p. 96 et Synops.
Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 243. — Stereocaulon tomentossum var. magellanicum "Yh. Fr.,
De Stereoc. et Piloph. Comment., 1857, p. 31. — Stereocaulon magellanicum Th. Fr.
imeNova Acta Soc, Scient.. Upsal., ser. 3, vol. Il, pars 1, 16587 p. 350:
Masatierra: auf Felsen in den Bergen (BERTERO no. 20).
Masafuera: auf dem Hochplateau. 1200 m und beim Campo Correspon-
dencia, 1130 m, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*S. proximum Nyl.
Nvyr. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. XI, 1859, p. 210 et Synops.
Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 237, tab. VII, fig. 14; Hue in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum,
ser. 2, vol. X, 1898, p 154. — Stereocaulon ramulosum £. proximum Tuck. in Pro-
ceed. Americ. Acad. Arts and Scienc., vol. VII, 1868, p. 228; Watn. in Annal.
Acad. Scient. Fennic., ser. A, vol. VI, no. 7, 1915, p- 25.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances, Loma del Incienso; Cordén Escarpado,
365 m; Portezuelo, auf Felsklippen, 590—600; am Wege zwischen Portezuelo
und Villagra, 420 m, auf dem Erdboden; Quebrada Villagra 380 m, auf Fels-
spalten und Cordén Salsipuedes, 625 m; iiberall fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
var. compactius A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus substrato arcte adhaerens, fastigiato-conglomeratus. Podetia usque
3,5 cm alta, I—1I,5 mm lata, stricta, rigida, in parte inferiore phyllocladis fili-
374 A, ZAHLBRUCKNER
formibus obsita, in parte superiore phyllocladiis verruculoso-inaequalibus, ver-
rucis thallum fere omnino obducentibus et quasi corticem formantibus.
Masafuera: Las Torres, c. 1350 m, auf Gestein, fruchtend und auf der
Heide unweit Correspondencia, 1200 m, fruchtend (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Durch das kompakte Wachstum und durch das Fehlen typhischer Phyllo-
kladien im oberen Teile der Podezien von den tbrigen Varietaten leicht zu
unterscheiden.
S. ramulosum Raenschel.
RaAENSCHEL., Nomencl. Bot., edit. 3, 1797, p. 328; Monr. in Annal. Scienc.
Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835; p. o2 ‘et apud -Gay, "Hist. Fisie/y Polit) @iamle;
Bot., vol. VII, 1852, p. 154; Nyz., Synops. Lich:, vol. I, 1860, p. 235-s@rome:
in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., vol. XVI, 1877, p. 223; Hur in Nouv. Archiv.
du Muséum, ser. 3, vol. X, 1898, p. 243; REINKE in Pringsh., Jahrbtich. fiir wiss.
Bot., vol. XXVIII, 1895, p. 115, fig. 48, II—IV. — Lzchen ramulosus Sw., Nova
Gener set, spec. Plant.) 31738, 40> 1271.
Masatierra: auf der Erde und auf Felsen in den Bergen (BERTERO no.
1652; MOSELEY); Klippen bei Portezuelo, 590 m; Cordon Salsipuedes, 615 m;
zwischen Villagra und Tres Puntas, 2—300 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Las Torres, 1350 m, auf der Erde, fruchtend (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
var. implexum Nyl.
Nvt., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 236, tab. VII, fig. 11; MULL. ARG. in
Mission. Scient. Cap. Horn, vol. V, 1889, p. 150. — Stereocaulon implexum ‘Th, Fr.,
De Stereoc. et Piloph. Comment., 1857, p. 23; Warn., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I,
1890, p. 68. — Stereocaulon corallinum Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2,
vol... IV,. 1835, .p:. 02, et apud Gay, Hist.. Fisic. y Polit. Chile), Bot vole vaaie
1852, p. 155; JoHow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 197.
Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, in Waldern (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Heide oberhalb des Monotales, bei 850 m, fruchtend (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Acarosporaceae.
Acarospora Mass.
A. Thallus fuscus A. smaragdula.
B. Thallus flavus A. citrina.
*A. smaragdula Mass.
; Mass., Ricerch. Auton. Lich., 1852, p. 29, fig. 47; A. L. Smiru, Monogr.
Brit. Lich., vol. I, 1898, p. 336. — Zndocarpon smaragdulum Wahlbg. apud Acu.,
Method. Lich., 1803, p. 29. — Lecanora smaragdula Nyl. in Flora, vol. LV, 1872,
p. 429.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 375
Masafuera: im untersten Teil der Quebrada de las Casas, auf vulka-
nischem Gestein haufig (C. und I, SKOTTSBERG),.
*A. citrina A. Zahlbr.
A. Zantpr. apud Rechinger in Denkschrft. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw.
Cl., vol. LXXXVIII, 1911, p 26. — Wreeolaria citrina 'Tayl. in Hoox., London
Journ. of Bot., vol. VI, 1847, p. 158. — Lecanora xanthophana Nyl. in Annal.
Scienc. Nat., Bot, ser. 4. vol. XV, 1861, p. 379. — <Acarospora xanthophana Jatta
in Malpighia, vol. XX, 1906, p. 10; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 5,
Vole 2, 1900, p. 170:
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies, auf vulkanischem Gestein (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Pertusariaceae.
Pertusaria DC.
A. Sporae demum nigricantes, I violascentes; thallus lutescens, CaCl,O,
rubens; species saxicola P. melanospora.
B. Sporae persistenter decolores.
a. Apothecia lecanorina, disco dilatato P. Skottsbergi.
b. Apothecia pertusarioidea, disco punctiformi.
I. Verrucae apotheciigerae bene evolutae.
1. Verrucae apotheciigerae bullato-plicatae; species saxicola
P. hadrocarpa.
2. Verrucae apotheciigerae depresso-semiglobosae vel fere
semiglobosae; species corticola P. /etoplaca var. turgida.
II. Verrucae apotheciigerae subindistinctae; species corticola
P. polycarpa var. monospora.
*P. leioplaca (Ach.) Schaer. var. turgida Miill. Arg.
Miir, Arc. in Flora, vol. LXVII, 1884, p. 305; Watn., Etud. Lich. Brésil,
VOl.d, 1890, p: 109.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado, 440 m, auf Lumarinde (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
*P, polycarpa Krph.
Kreu., in Flora, vol. LIX, 1876, p. 174; Mtzy. Are. in Flora, vol. LXVII,
1884, p. 463; A. ZAHLBR. in Denkschrift. math.-naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol.
LXXXIII, 1909, p. 154.
var. monospora A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus substratum quasi membranaceum obducens, demum desquamans,
tenuis, usque 0,2 mm _ altus, subtartareus, sat late effusus, pallide stramineus,
nitidulus, KHO magis flavens, Ca Cl,0, —, toruloso- vel verruculoso-inaequalis,
=| 6 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
continuus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, in ambitu nec bene limitatus nec linea
obscuriore cinctus.
Verrucie apotheciigerae passim evolutae et deplanatae, in ambitu irregu-
lares, passim omnino indistinctae; ostiola apotheciorum pluria, minuta, puncti-
formia, pallide vel obscurius cinerea, thallum non superantia, annulo thallo
paulum pallidiore, utplurimum depresso circumdata; excipulum indistinctum;
hymenium globosum, purum; paraphyses sat increbrae, filiformes, ramosae et
connexae, eseptatae; asci ovali~ vel ellipsoideo-clavati, recti vel subrecti, ad
apicem rotundati et membrana primum crassa Cincti, monospori; sporae de-
colores, simplices, ellipsoideae vel subovales, membrana duplici cinctae, mem-
brana exteriore crassa et sublaevi, interna angusta et laevi, contentu oleoso,
go—100 wv. longae et 40—44 ». latae.
Masafuera: Hochebene zwischen Quebrada Sanchez und Ensenada Toltén,
515 m, auf Baumstriinken (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Als grundlegend fiir die Bestimmung wurde ein Urstiick KREMPELHUBERS,
welches im Herbar des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien aufbewahrt wird,
anvenommen. Die Beschreibung, welche MULLER ARG. a. a. O. von der
Fiechte gibt, stimmt gut, mit Ausnahme der Sporenzahl, welche indes bei
Pertusarien haufig wechselt und ftir den Typus der Art nicht sicher ge-
stellt ist.
*P, hadrocarpa A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, subtartareus, tenuis. usque 0,8 mm _ crassus, sat late
expansus, pallide stramineus, nitidulus,;, KHO flavens, Ca Cl,O, —, KHO +
Ca Cl,O, —, verruculoso inaequalis vel verruculoso~subsquamulosus, verruculis
convexis, passim plus minus deplanatis, parvis, O.z—I mm latis, continuis vel
hinc inde etiam dispersis, in ambitu thalli subirregularibus, sorediis et isidtis
destitutus, protothallo distincto nullo; stratum corticale tenue, 7—9Q yw. crassum,
decolor; medulla alba, KHO filavens, Ca Cl,O, non tincta, ex hyphis dense
intricatis formata.
Verrucae apothectigerae sessiles, dispersae vel hinc inde approximatae, de-
presso-subglobosae, I—2 mm latae, ad basin constrictae, in ambitu sat irre-
gulariter bullato-plicatae, ad verticem impressae et fuscescentes, 2—5 hymenia
includentes, extus laeves; disci parvi, rotundati, demum confluentes, concavo~
depressi, obscure et sordide fusci vel nigricantes, opaci; excipulum tenue, fere
decolor, ex hyphis formatum tangentialibus, tenuibus et conglutinatis, integrum,
passim versus centrum nuclei paulum -assurgens, columellam et apothecia
pseudocomposita formans; hymenium subglobosum omnino inspersum, superne
sordide fuscescens, KHO dilute umbrino~violascens, usque 0.5 mm in diam., I
solum asci intense violaceo-coerulei; paraphyses sat densae, filiformes, ramosae
et convexae, eseptatae; asci oblongo~clavati, hymenio paulum breviores, recti,
6-spori; sporae in ascis subuniseriales, decolores, simplices, oblongo-ellipsoideae,
rectae, membrana crassiuscula cincta, membrana exteriore et interiore laevi,
KHO mm tinctae, 100-110 ». longae et 4o—45 uv. latae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum immersa, extus vertice punctiformi, nigri-
cante indieata, plus minus globosa; perifulcrium pallidum; fulcra exobasidialia,
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 377
ampullaceo-filiformes; pycnoconidia filiformi bacillaria, utrinque retusa, recta vel
subrecta, 10--12(— 16) p». longa et ad 0,7 yp. lata.
Auf den vulkanischen Felsen haufig.
Masatierra: Pico Central; niederer Riicken Ostlich von der Kolonie, 147
m; Portezuclo de Villagra, 590 m; Felswand beim SELKIRK Denkmal, 590 m;
Cordén Salsipuedes, 465 m, Siidhang der Tres Puntas (C. und 1. SKOTTSBERG).
Masatuera: Quebrada de las Casas; Hochplateau bis auf den hochsten
Gipfeln; La Loberia, 280 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Nahert sich der Pertusaria cerebrinula A. Zahlbr., besitzt indes ein gut
entwickeltes Lager, welches anders gefarbt ist, anders gestaltete Fruchtwarzen
und gréssere Sporen.
P. melanospora Ny].
A. ZautsBr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917,
p. 30 (ubi descriptio ampla).
Vielleicht die haufigste der steinbewohnenden Krustenflechten von Juan
Fernandez.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, auf Strandklippen und auf Lava; niederer
Riicken am Siidabhang der Tres Puntas und auf dem »Vogelgipfel», 380 m
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Strandfelsen unweit des Monotals; im oberen Teil der Que-
brada de las Vacas; Quebrada de las Casas, an Strandfelsen, meist oberhalb
der Sturmzone (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P, (sect. Lecanorastrum) Skottsbergii A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epiphloeodes, substrato arcte adhaerens, tenuis, 0,18—0O,z25 mm
crassus, subtartareus, albus vel albidus. KHO non del vix tinctus, Ca Cl,O, —,
KHO + CaCl,O, fugaciter quidem, sed distincte kermesino-rubens, late effusus,
verrucolosus, toruloso-inaequalis, in ambitu. longitudinaliter plicatus, hinc inde
irregulariter fissus, sorediis et isidiis non praeditus, in margine linea obscuriore
non cinctus, haud bene limitatus; stratum corticale angustum, ex hyphis intri-
catis formatum; stratum gonidiale angustum, continuum; medulla alba, ex
hyphis intricatis et inspersis formata, K HO —, Ca Cl,O, cinnabarina.
Apothecia lecanorina, sessilia, 0.5 Og mm lata, rotunda, dispersa, rarius
approximata; discus carneo- vel rufo-fuscellus, primum albo-pruinosus, demum
nudus, concaviusculus vel planus; margo albus, parum prominulus, tenuis,
subinteger vel sublaceratus, Ca Cl,O, rubens, extus corticatus, cortice tenul, ex
hyphis dense intricatis et inspersus formato, gonidia increbra includens; ex-
cipulum distinctum haud evolutum; hymenium superne (et passim inter ascos)
pulvere ochraceo-fusco, CaCl,O, rubente inspersum, caeterum decolor, 240—
260 uw. altum, I intense coeruleo~violaceum; paraphyses sat increbrae et parum
conspicuae, capillares. ramosae et plus minus connexae, eseptatae; asci hymenio
subaequilongi, clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana primum incrassata
cincti, recti vel curvuli, monospori; sporae deculores, anguste ellipsoideae, rectae,
378 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
rarius subrectae, simplices, contentu bene oleoso, membrana duplici cinctae,
membrana externa laevi et membrana interna scalpturata, 170—220 y, longae
et 45—8o », latae.
Masatierra: Quebrada Gutierrez, auf glatter Baumrinde (C. und I. Skorrs-
BERG).
Santa Clara; (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Habituell einer Lecanora chlarona ahnlich. Die Fruchtwarzen gleichen
jenen der Pertusaria protoberans vollkommen, doch ist die neue Art von dieser
durch den dicken, weissen Thallus, die einsporigen Schlauche und durch die
grossen Sporen wesentlich verschieden. Durch diese Merkmal wird sie auch
von der nicht unahnlicher chilenischen Pertusarza phlyctaenula Ny}. getrennt.
Lecanoraceae.
Lecanora Ach.
Sect. Aspicilia (Mass.) Th. Fr.
*[,, masafuerensis A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, effusus, tartareus, substratum arcte obducens, tenuis,
albidus, pallide sulphureo- vel isabellino-albescens, opacus, KHO_ lutescens,
Ca Cl,O, —, laevigatus, subareolato-rimosus, rimis valde tenuibus, areolis mi-
nutis, planis, ad ambitum bene limitatus et linea obscuriore, tenui cinctus,
sorediis et isidiis non praeditus.
Apothecia immersa, dispersa, rarius hinc inde approximata, rotunda vel
rotundato-subirregularia, parva, O,;—O,9 mm _ lata, e concavo planiuscula vel
leviter convexa; margo thallinus distinctus nullus, a thallo circumscisse rupto
hymenium circumdatur; discus ochraceo-fuscus vel fuscus, rarius aeruginascens,
opacus, epruinosus; excipulum indistinctum; hymenium superne umbrino-fuscum,
caeterum decolor et purum, usque 140 wy. altum, I e coeruleo vinose obscuratum
(ascis imprimis tinctis); paraphyses filiformes, conglutinatae, ad 1,5 wu crassae,
simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem haud latiores; hypothecium crassiusculum, fere
decolor, molle; asci clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana primum bene
incrassata praediti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis bi-triseriales, decolores, simplices,
ovales vel ovali-ellipsoideae, rectae, membrana tenui cinctae, 10—18 u. longae
et 6—8 ». latae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum punctiformia, vertice nigro et convexiusculo,
globosa; perifulcrium dimidiatum, superne obscuratum; fulcra exobasidialia;
pycnoconidia bacillaria, recta, rarius subrecta, 8.;—13 y. longa et vix 1 », lata,
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, bei 450 m, auf vulkanischem Gestein
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Nahe verwandt der Lecanora subimmersa (Fée) Wain., aber durch die
grosseren und blasseren Apothezien, grdéssere Sporen und geraden Pykno-
konidien von dieser zu unterscheiden.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 379
Sect. Eulecanora Wain.
A. Apothecia persitenter lecanorina; thallus Ca Cl,O, —.
a. Hymenium violaceo-cinnamomeum L. atra.
b. Hymenium decolor.
I. Thallus bene evolutus.
1. Sporae minores, 8,6—10,5 p. longae L. Ingae.
2. Sporae majores, 18—22 p, longae
L. tsabellina var. validtor.
Il. Thallus evanescens vel subnullus.
1. Margo apotheciorum albidus, crenulatus, persistens
L. dispersa.
2. Margo apotheciorum flavus, primum tenuis et integer,
demum depressus L. polytropa var. tllusoria.
B. Apothecia demum biatorina; thallus Ca Cl,O, rubens L. coarctata.
*L. coarctata (Sm.) Ach.
Masafuera: Heide des Hochplateaus, 1000-1200 m, auf vulkanischem
Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. atra (Huds.) Ach.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, an Strandfelsen, und Siidhang der Tres
Puntas, auf vulkanischem Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono, an Strandfelsen; Quebrada de las Vacas,
auf Blécken, Heide auf dem Hochplateau, 1335 1350 m, auf vulkanischem
Gestein, und Heide unweit Las Torres, auf Felsen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. Ingae A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, albidus, opacus, KHO
flavens, Ca Cl,O, —, maculatim effusus, subgranulatus, areolato-rimosus, areolis
minutis, 0,z—0,3 mm latis, planiusculis vel leviter convexis, hinc inde, imprimis
versus ambitum thalli, subsquamiformibus, sorediis et isidlis non praeditus,
protothallo obscuriore non cinctus; superne strato corticali, ex hyphis dense
intricatis et inspersis formato obductus; pagina inferior thalli infuscata vel fere
nigrescens; stratum gonidiale continuum, partem superiorem thalli occupans;
medulla alba, KHO —, Ca Cl,O, —, angusta.
Apothecia lecanorina, sessilia, ad basin leviter constricta, rotunda vel
rotundato subangulosa, dispersa vel approximata, usque I mm lata, sed nor-
maliter minora; discus caesio-pruinosus, madefactus plus minus fuscus vel rufo-
fuscus, e concavo subplanus, margo thallinus primum bene prominulus, integer,
demum subinteger, crassiusculus, thallo concolor, extus corticatus, cortice ex
hyphis intricatis, inspersis formato, ad ambitum fuscescente, 33—37 u. crasso,
gonidia copiosa includens; excipulum integrum, ad basin subpedicellato-productum,
380 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
usque ad verticem hymenii assurgens, subdecolor et fere pellucidum, ex hyphis
tangentialibus, tenuissimis et leviter intricatis formatum, 30—35 ». crassum,
I —-; hypothecium angustum, subdecolor (dilute lutescens), molle; hymenium
superne dilute umbrino-fuscescens et inspersum, caeterum decolor et purum,
80 —90 p». altum, I e coeruleo aeruginoso-sordidescens (imprimis asci); paraphyses
filiformes, conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem haud crassiores; asci
oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati, hymenio subaequilongi, 8-spori; sporae
in ascis plus minus biseriales, decolores, simplices, ellipsoideae, membrana tenui
laevique cinctae, 8,6—10,5 ». longae et 3,5-4 yp, latae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum semiemersa, vertice punctiformi, nigro, a
thallo annulatim cincto, plus minus globosa; perifulcrium in dimidio superiore
sordide fuscum; fulecra exobasidialia, pycnoconidiis paulum breviora; pycnoconidia
filiformia, utrinque retusa, curvata vel hamata, 15 —18 u. longa et vix 1 y, lata.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, an Strandfelsen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, auf Blocken (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. albellina Mill. Arg.
Mt i. Arc. in Mission. Scient. Cap Horn, vol. V, 1889, p. 162.
var. validior A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Apotheciis majoribus et margine thallino apotheciorum primum distincte
crenulato a typo differt.
Apothecia sessilia, rotunda, primum distincte lecanorina, dein usgue I,2
mm lata et margine depresso habitum biatorinum praebentia, leviter convexa;
discus fuscidulo-carneus vel alutaceus, non pruinosus; margo thallinus primum
bene prominulus, angustus, obtusiusculus, primum crenulatus, thallo concolor,
extus strato corticali obductus, medullam et gonidia includens; excipulum
integrum, ad latera hymenii crassius, decolor, ex hyphis tangentialibus et con-
glutinatis formatum; hypothecium crassiusculum, dilute lutescens, ex hyphis
intricatis formatum; hymenium superne rufescenti-fuscescens, non inspersum,
caeterum decolor et purum, aquoso pellucidum, 150—175 yw. altum, I intense
coeruleum et demum sordide obscuratum; paraphyses filiformes, dense con-
glutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem vix latiores; asci clavati, superne
rotundati et membrana incrassata cincti, 8 spori; sporae in ascis bi- vel
subuniseriales, decolores, simplices, late ellipsoideae vel, ovales, membrana
tenui, sed bene distincta cinctae, 18— 22 yw. longae et 10—13 y, latae.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado, 440 m, auf Dezdroseris gigantea (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. dispersa (Pers.) Flk.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, auf losem Tuff; Siidseite der Insel, Gipfel
des Cerro Negro, 190 m, auf vulkanischem Gestein (C. und I SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Strandfelsen, Quebrada de las Casas (C. und I SKOTTSBERG).
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 381
*L.. polytropa (Ehrh.) Ach. f. illusoria Ach.
Masafuera: Heide unweit Las Torres, 1350 m, auf vulkanischem Gestein
und unweit des Correspondencialagers, 1100—1200 m, auf Steinen (C. und I
SKOTTSBERG).
Sect. Placodium (Hill.) Th. Fr.
A. Thallus plus minus peltatus; apothecia nigra vel nigricantia
L. chrysoleuca var. melanophthalma.
B. Thallus lata adpressus, apothecia pallescentia
L. saxicola.
*L. chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. var. melanopthalma (Ram.) Th. Fr.
Masatierra: Felsblécke Quebrada Juanango, bei 500 m, auf vulkanischem
Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. saxicola (Poll.) Ach.
Masatierra: Puerto Ingles, an der Aussenwand der s. g. »Robinson-
hdhle», auf vulkanischem Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Sect. Placopsis Nyl.
A. Apothecia non rosea; pycnoconidia 20—24 y. longa.
a. Apothecia carneo- vel rufo~fusca; cephalodia granuloso-verrucosa,
rufofusca vel sordide fuscescentia
L gelida.
b. Apothecia cerasino~fusca; cephalodia radiatim divisa, lutoso-auran-
tiaca L. patagonica.
B. Apothecia rosea; pycnoconidia 25-28 py. longa
L. argillacea var. rhodophthalma.
L. gelida (L.) Ach.
A. Zautpr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. I.VII, no. 6, 1917,
p. 35. — Larmelia gelida Fr., Nov. Sched. Critic., 1827, p
. 1; Mont. apud Gay,
Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 147; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan
Fernand., 18y6, p. 200. — Siatora placophylla Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat. Bot.,
ser. 2, vol. IV, 1825, p. 92 (non Fr.).
*f, nuda A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thallus non sorediosus.
Masatierra: auf Felsen und auf der Erde, ohne nahere Standortsangabe
(BERTERO); auf Lavasteinen in dem Grasboden bei Villagra (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
382 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Masafuera: Bachravin unweit des Campo Correspondencia, 1100 m, auf
Steinen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*f, leprosula A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thallus plus minus impresse leproso-sorediosus.
Masatierra: an Bl6cken im unteren Teil von Valle Colonial und an stei-
nigen Abhangen siidlich von Tres Puntas (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*L. argillacea Nyl. f. rhodophthalma A. Zahlbr.
A. ZantBr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917,
p. 34. — Lecanora rhodophthalma Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXII, 1879, p. 164.
Masatierra: auf stark erodiertem Boden im unteren Teil von Valle Co-
lonial (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
L. patagonica A. Zahlbr.
A. ZAHLBR. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVIJ, no. 6, 1917,
P- 35:
*f. sorediosula A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thallus passim impresse leproso-sorediosus.
Masafuera: Hochplateau ndodrdlich des Casastales, 1000—-1400 m, auf
Steinen haufig, und auf einer Felswand bei Las Torres, 1370 m (C,. und I,
SKOTTSBERG).
Candelariella Mill. Arg.
*C. vitellina Mill. Arg.
Miri. Arc. in Bull. Herb: Botss., vol. Il, append. 1, 1894, p. 497. )—-e2emen
vitellinus Ehrh., Plant. Crypt. Exsicc. no. 155 (1785).
Masatierra: Quebrada de la Pesca de los Viejos, auf harten Blocken (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: im untersten Teil der Quebrada de las Casas, auf vul-
kanischem Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Myxodictyon Mass.
A. Schlauche einsporig, auf Rinden lebende Art M. chrysostictum.
B. Schlauche 8-sporig, auf lederigen Baumblattern lebende Art
M. lopadioides.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 383
M. chrysostictum Mass.
Mass: in Atti’ I. R. Istit.. Venet.,. ser. 3, vol. V, 1860, p. 245. — Lecanora
chrysosticta Vayl. in London Journ. of Bot., vol. III, 1844, p. 642. — Heterothectum
Berteroanum Mont. apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p.
176, tab. XI, fig. 5; Jonow, Estud. Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 201.
Masatierra: auf Rinden (BERTERO).
*M. lopadioides A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epiphyllus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, 0,5;—0,6 mm altus, glau-
cescenti albidus, nitidulus, KHO —, CaCl,O, —, continuus vel fissuris sub-
stratum sequentibus passim interruptus, leviter inaequalis vel marginem versus
granuloso-inaequalis, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, passim linea tenui nigra cinctus,
superne strato corticali tenui, subamorpho tectus, caeterum fere homoeomericus;
gonidia cystococcoidea, globosa, laete viridia, 5—8 yp. in diam.
Apothecia sessilia, parva, usque I mm lata, rotunda, ad basin leviter
constricta, dispersa vel approximata; discus e concaviusculo subplanus, cinna-
momeo-fuscus vel rufescens, epruinosus; margo disco obscurior, superne fere
nigricans, tenuis, acutiusculus, prominulus et leviter inflexus; receptacu-
lum extus pallidum, albidum, opacum, corticatum, cortice crasso, decolore,
chondroideo, ex hyphis radiantibus, parum distinctis et septatis formato, pa-
raplectenchymatico, medullam et gonidia includens; excipulum integrum, fere
decolor, in latere hymenii flabellatum, ex hyphis dense conglutinatis, tangentia-
libus formatum; hypothecium pallidum, molle, ex hyphis intricatis formatum,;
epithecium chondroideum, rufescens vel ochraceo-rufescens, KHO haud mutatum;
hymenium decolor, pulverulento~inspersum, I asci coerulei; paraphyses ca-
pillares, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem vix crassiores, contextae; asci numerosi,
hymenio subaequilongi, ellipsoideo-clavati, superne rotundati et ibidem mem-
brana bene incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae decolores, ellipsoideae oblongo-
vel ovali-ellipsoideae, rectae, versus centrum nonnihil leviter angustatae, murali-
divisae, cellulis numerosis, minutis, subcubicis, membrana tenui cinctis, halone
non praeditae, 80—98 uw. longae et 28—35 ». latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: auf lederigen Blattern (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Die Apothezien besitzen einen typischen lekanorinischen Bau, obwohl sie |
dusserlich wegen des nicht hellen Randes den Eindruck eines biatorinischen
Apotheziums machen.
Parmeliaceae.
Parmelia (Ach.) DNotrs.
A. Thallus subtus rhizinis omnino destitutus, pertusus P. pertusa.
B. Thallus subtus plus minus rhizinosus.
a. Thallus flavus vel stramineus.
384
Me
A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Thallus inferne ad ambitum late nudus, centrum versus plus
minus rhizinosus.
1. Medulla Ca Cl,O, —; soredia superficialia P. caperata.
2. Medulla Ca Cl,O, optime rubens; soredia marginalia
P. soredica.
Thallus usque ad ambitum dense rhizinosus.
1. Margo apotheciorum conceptaculis pycnoconidiorum nigris
obsitus; thallus tenutssime isidiosulus P. abstrusa.
Margo apotheciorum conceptaculis pycnoconidiorum de-
stitutus; thallus non isidiosulus.
i)
g. Thallus rugulosus et sorediosus
P. conspersa var. rugulosa.
6. Thallus non rugulosus, sorediosus
P. conspersa var. obtecta.
b. Thallus albidus, cinereus vel subochraceo cinereus.
IG
Of,
Thallus subtus ad ambitum late nudus.
°. Thalus superne punctis albis obsitus.
1. Thallus scrobiculatus vel scrobiculato-inaequalis; puncta
alba prominuia £. mucrosticta.
Thailus laevigatus; puncta alba impressa P. cetrarivides.
°° ~Thallus superne punctis albis non ornatus.
1. Thallus in superficie plus minus isidiosus, isidia cilias
nigras, rigidulas intermixtas gerentia P. pilosella.
Thallus in superficie non isidiosus.
i)
No
a. Thallus ad marginem loborum sorediosus vel isidioso-
sorediosus; medulla KHO flavens.
§. Thallus superne versus marginem passim ciliis
nigris, arcte adpressis obsitus P. piloselloides.
\§. Thallus superne non ciliigerus P. perlata.
6. Lobi thalli ad marginem non sorediosi; medulla
KHO non tincta P. nilgherrensts.
Thallus subtus usque ad ambitum dense rhizinosus.
1. Lobi thalli lineares vel sublineares.
g. Thallus superne dense isidio-us P. laevigatula.
6. Thallus superne non isidiosus, sed sorediosus.
¥. Lobi terminales revoluti P. revoluta.
§§. Lobi thalli omnes substrato adpressi
P. laevigata.
NO
Lobi thalli rotundati.
a. Medulla KHO non tincta P. tiliacea.
6. Medulla KHO sanguinea.
§. Thallus superne tenuiter albo-reticulatus
P. .ceotraia,
\§. Thallus non albo-reticulatus P. saxatilis.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 385
Sect. Hypotrachyna Wain.
*P. laevigata Ach.
Acu. Synops. Lich., 1814, p. 212; Hue in Nouv. Archiv, du Muséum, ser. 4,
vol. I, 1899, p. 146 et in Journ. de Botan., vol. VI, 1892, p. 490; A. Zahlbr. in
Denkschrift. math.-naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. LXXXIII, 1909, p. 166;
A. L. Smitu, Monogr. Brit. Lich., vol. I, 1918, p. 137; Warn. in Annal. Acad.
Scient.. Fennic., ser. A, vol. VI, no. 7, 1915, p. 23 — Lichen laevigatus Sm. apud
Sm. et SowERB., Engl. Bot., vol. XXV, r808, tab. 1852.
Masatierra: Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Copfrosma triflorum, steril (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P. laevigatula Nyl.
Nyx. in Flora, vol. LXVIII, 1885, p. 614, Lich. Japon., 1890, p. 27; Hue
in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 3, vol. II, 1890, p. 286 et vol. IV, 1892, p.
144; A. ZAHLBR. in Denkschr. math.-naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. LXXXIII,
1909, p. 165.
Masatierra: Cordon Chifladores, 350 m, auf Dyzmys, und Portezuelo, bei
600 m, iiber Moosen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Im sterilen Zustande ganz mit der brasilianischen Flechte iibereinstim-
mend. Ob beziiglich der Sporen und Pyknokonidien Unterschiede vorhanden
sind, muss dahingestellt bleiben.
P. tiliacea Ach.
Ohne Standortsangabe (nach Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 383).
Ich sah diese Flechte in dem SKOTTSBERG’schen Material nicht und
mochte ihr Vorkommen auf Juan Fernandez bezweifeln.
=P, revoluta Flk.
FLK. apud Sprgl., Syst. Veget., vol. IV, pars 1, 1827, p. 284; WaIn., Etud.
Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 18g0, p. 51; Hue in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. I,
1899, p. 143; A. L. Smiru, Monogr. Brit. Lich., vol. I, 1918, p. 138.
Masafuera: E! Barril und Los Inocentes, bei 900 m, auf Drzmys-Zweigen,
steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P, cetrata Ach. f. sorediifera Wain.
Warn., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 1890, p. 40 et in Annal. Acad. Scient.
Fennic., ser. A, vol. VI, no. 7, 1915, p. 16; Hur in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum,
ser. 4, vol. I, 1899, p. 174; Harm., Lich. de France, vol. IV, (1909) 1910, p. 569.
Masatierra: Cordon Chifladores, 350 m, auf Drimys-Rinde, steril und auf
dem niedrigen Riicken 6stlich der Kolonie, 147 m, auf Pflanzenresten, losen
Steinen und auf dem Erdboden, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
25—2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isls) | Vol it.
386 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies, auf Steinen steril (C. und I. SkorTs-
BERG).
Masafuera: auf dem Bergriicken El Barril, auf Steinen, steril, und Que-
brada de la Loberia, 300 m, auf alter Lama-Rinde, steril (C. und I. SKOTTs-
BERG).
*P. saxatilis (L.) Ach.
Masatierra: niedriger Ricken ostlich von der Kolonie, 147 m, auf losen
Steinen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
f. furfuracea Schaer.
A. Zauvtpr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917,
Dp. 40.
Masafuera: Campo Correspondencia, 1130 m, auf Gestein, steril; Las
Torres, 1350 m, auf dem Erdboden, steril; Cordon del Barril, im obersten
Teile der Heide, auf Steinen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
P. conspersa (Erh.) Ach.
var. rugulosa Miill. Arg.
Murr. Arc. in Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, vol. V, 1889, p. 158; A. ZAHLBR. in
Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. 43-
An manchen Stiicken findet man neben den normal gestalteten auch tief
eingeschnittene Randlappen; diese Stiicke weichen dann habituell etwas ab.
Masatierra: auf einem Felsblock zwischen der Kolonie und Pangal, steril;
Bahia del Padre, auf Strandfelsen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies, auf Strandfelsen (C. und I. SKOTTS-
BERG).
*var. obtecta A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus sorediosus, sorediis subrotundatis, sessilibus, pulviniformibus,
subisidioso-pulverulentis, thallo concoloribus; medulla KHO sanguinea.
Die Gestalt der Soredien weicht von denen der Parmelia conspersa var.
soredians Nyl. ab, auch sind sie anders gefarbt; von Parmelia conspersa var.
rugulosa Mill. Arg. weicht unsere Varietat durch das nicht faltige Lager und
die Farbung der Markschicht durch Kalilauge (bei der var. rugulosa wird sie
orangegelb gefarbt) ab.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, auf Strandfelsen, und Cordon del
Barril, im obersten Teile der Heide, auf Steinen haufig, doch stets steril (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
=P, abstrusa Wain.
Warn., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 1890, p. 64; A. Zanipr. in Denkschrift.
math.-naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. LXXXIII, 1909, p. 166; LyncE in Arkiv
* DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 387
for Bot., vol. XIII, no. 13, 1914, p. 145, tab. V, fig. 8--9. — VParmelia limbata f.
istdtosa Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXX, 1887, p. 59.
Masafuera: alpine Heide der Hochebene, 1000—1300 m, auf Felsen,
steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Sect. Amphigymnia Wain.
*P, perlata Ach.
Acu., Method. Lich., 1803, p. 216 (pr. p.); Warn, Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I,
1890, p. 28 et in Philipp. Journ. of Scienc., vol. IV, 1909, p. 657.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances, Loma Incienso, auf Felsen, steril und bei
Villagra, 380 m, auf Felsen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P. nilgherrensis Nyl.
Nyt. in Flora, vol. LI, 1869, p. 291 et Lich. Pyren. Orient., 1891, p. 40;
Hve in Journ. de Bot., vol. XII, 1898, p. 244; Wain. in Hedwigia, vol. XXXVI,
1898, p. (37); Harm., Lich. de France, fasc. IV, (1909) 1910, p. 578. — Jmbrt-
caria nilgherrensis Arn. in Verhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. XXV, 1875, p.
472 et in Flora, vol. LXVII, 1884, p. 150.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado, 440 m, auf Lwma-Zweigen, steril (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P, pilosella Hue.
Hue in Journ. de Bot., vol. XI, 1898, p. 247; Harm., Lich. de France, fasc.
IV, (1909) 1910, p. 583; B. de Lesd., Lich. Mexique, 1914, p. 7.
Masatierra: Abhange bei Portezuelo, 575 m, auf der Erde, steril (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
“var. excrescens Hue.
Hve in Journ. de Bot., vol. XII, 1898, p. 249; Harm., Lich. de France, fasc.
IV, (1909) 1910, p. 583; Letrau in Hedwigia, vol. LV, 1914, p. 48. — Jmbricaria
perlata var. excrescens Arn. in Flora, vol. LXV, 1882, p. 130 et Zur Lich.-Flora
Miinchen, 1892, p. 5. — farmelia perlata var. excrescens Lamy in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, vol. XXV, 1878, p: 367.
Masatierra: Portezuelo, bei 600 m, auf Baumstammen, steril; am Wege
von Portezuelo nach Villagra, 420 m, an lichten Stellen im Gebiisch, steril;
El Pico, 365 m, auf Blécken, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: auf der Hochebene iiber Chozas, g00—1000 m, steril und
Cord6én del Barril, auf Drzmys-Stammen, steril (C. und I, SKOTTSBERG).
P. piloselloides A. Zahlbr.
A. Zante. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVI, no. 6, 1917,
Biv gt:
Masatierra: Bahia Cumberland, auf Felsen (C. SKOTTSBERG).
388 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
*P, cetrarioides Del.
Dev. apud Dusy, Botanic. Gallic., vol. Il, 1830, p. 601; HveE in Nouv. Archiv.
du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. I, 1899, p. 196; Harm. in Bull. Soc. Scienc. Nancy, ser. 2,
vol, XXXI, 1897, p. 322, tab. XI, fig. 17 et Lich: ide France, fase./1V,)\(o09)
IgIO, Pp. 530.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado, 440 m, auf Luma-Zweigen, steril (C.
und I, SKOTTSBERG).
*P, microsticta Miill. Arg.
Mir. Arc. in Flora, vol. LXII, 1879, p. 164; A. ZAHLBR. in Bull. Herb.
Boissier, ser. 2, vol. VIII, 1908, p. 463 et in Denkschrift. math.-naturw. Cl. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, vol. LX XXIII, 1009, p. 160 et 177, tab. I, fig. 3; Lyncr in Arkiv for
Bot., vol. XIII, no. 13, 1914, p. 24 et 32. — VParmelia Borreri var. ulophylla Krph.
in Flora, vol. LXI, 1878, p. 433-
Masatierra: auf losen Steinen und auf der Erde 6stlich von der Koionie,
147 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*f divisa A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thalli lobi, imprimis centrales, ad marginem microphyllino-dissecti,
Masatierra: Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf Coprosma triflorum, steril (C.
und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*P. caperata (L.) Ach.
Masatierra: Pangal, auf Felsen, steril; Valle Anson, auf Felsen des son-
nigen Riickens, 149 m, steril; niedriger Riicken Ostlich der Kolonie, 147 m,
steril; Puerto Ingles, Aussenwand der Robinsonhdhle, steril; Portezuelo del
Villagra, 590 m, auf Gestein, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, auf Felsen am Bache, steril (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Alle Stiicke zeigen ein lebhaft gelb gefarbtes Lager, wahrend bei den
europaischen Exemplaren das Gelb einen Stich ins Griinliche besitzt. Ganz ahn-
lich gefarbt sah ich die zahlreichen Exemplare dieser Flechte, welche von
FAURIE und ROCK auf den hawaiischen Inseln gesammelt wurden. Ich meine,
dass diese intensivere Farbung lediglich ein Ausfluss der starkeren Beson-
nung ist.
P. soredica Ny].
Nyz. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., ser. 2, vol.. Vl, 1872, p./310, motam
Flora, vol. LXVIII, 1885, p. 605 et vol. LXIX, 1886, p. 101; HERRE in Proceed.
Washingt. Acad. Scienc., vol. VII, 1906, p. 358; B. pe Lesp., Lich. Mexique,
19r4,) p- 0.
=
Exsicc.: Krypt. Exsicc. Mus. Palat. Vindob. no. 1250.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ INSELN 389
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Chozas, auf Luma-Rinde, steril (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Stimmt mit den kalifornischen Stiicken vollkommen tberein. Das Vor-
kommen in Mexico und auf Juan Fernandez weist auf eine weitere Verbreitung
dieser Flechte in Amerika hin.
Sect. Menegazzia (Mass.) A. Zahlbr.
*P, pertusa (Schrank.) Schaer.
Masatierra: Quebrada seca, 435 m, auf einer ¥wuanza, steril und Que-
brada Juanango, auf Baumstémmen und Zweigen, steril (C. und I. Skorrs-
BERG).
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril, auf Drzmys-Stammen, steril (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Cetraria Ach.
*C. antarctica A. Zahlbr. — Taf. 25, Fig. 5.
A. Zautpr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917,
P. 43-
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum marginalia, sessilia, globosa, nigra, nitida,
0,3—0,5 mm lata, dispersa vel passim confluentia; perifulcrium tenue, carbona-
ceum; pycnoconidia oblonga, utrinque rotundata, in medio leviter angustata,
recta, 3,4—3,6 v. longa et I,5—1,6 p. lata.
Masatierra: Portezuelo, 600 m und zwischen Portezuelo und Villagra,
420 m, an lichten Stellen auf dem Erdboden, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Cordon de! Barril, auf Moosen und zwischen anderen Flechten
auf Gestein und Las Torres, 1350 m, iiber Moosen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTs-
BERG).
Ramalina Ach.
R. linearis Ach.
Acu., Lichenogr. Univ., 1810, p. 598 et Synops. Lich., 1814, p. 294; Nyt.
in Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1870, p. 129; Tucx., Synops. North
Americ. Lich., vol. I, 1882, p. 23; Howe jr. in Bryologist, vol. XVI, 1914, p. 25, fig. 6
et tab. VI, fig. 4. — Lichen linearis Sw., Method. Muscor., 1781, p. 36, tab. I,
fig. 3. — Ramalina pilulifera Tay\. in London Journ. of Bot., vol. IV, 1847, p.
190; Mt iri. Arc. in Flora, vol LXXI, 1888, p. 135. — Ramalina scopulorum var.
linearis Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 86. — Rama-
lina subulata Mont. in Annal Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, vol. XVIII, 1852, p. 304
et apud Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 82; Jonow, Estud.
Flora Juan Fernand., 1896, p. 197.
Thallus gompho rotundato vel rotundato-oblongo substrato arcte affixus,
caespitose crescens, pallidus, stramineo-glaucescens vel supra basin plus minus
390 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
fuscescens, nitidulus, rigidus, primum e basi ramosus, rami erecti, complanati,
leviter canaliculati, lineares, I—2 mm lati, usque 10 cm alti, simplices vel in-
crebre dichotome et sympodialiter divisi, rami secundarii plus minus filiformes,
utplurimum flabellati et magis patentes, rami ultimi flexuosi et hamati, plus
minus divaricantes, omnes striis brevibus obsiti vel longitudinaliter striato-
nervosi, rami primarii vel partim etiam secundarii demum decumbentes vel
subintricati, dilatati, 5—-22 mm lati, ramis filiformibus evanescentibus et dein
habitum alienum praebentes, sorediis et isidiis nullis; KHO extus et intus non
tingitur; circumcirca corticatus, cortex chondroideus, angustus, 8,;—II . crassus,
dense fuscescenti-inspersus, ex hyphis subintricatis, extus plus minus perpen-
dicularibus, sat pachydermaticis, increbre ramosis formatus, luminibus hyphorum
subindistinctis; stratum chondroideum medullare simplex (non fasciato-divisum),
crassum; hinc inde fere totam latidudinem thalli occupans; decolor, ex hyphis
longitudinalibus, subflexuosis, dense conglutinatis, non inspersis et pellucidis
formatum; medulla angusta, versus marginem thalli ramos breves et angustos,
corticem interrumpentes et usque ad superficiem thalli productos format, hyphae
medullares laxe contextae, ramosae, sat leptodermaticae, ad 3,5 u. crassae;
gonidia cystococcoidea, globosa, laete viridia, 6—12 yw. lata, plus minus glo-
merata.
Apothecia sat crebra, normaliter marginalia, rare superficialia, subpedi-
cellata, primum concaviuscula, margine integro et paulum prominulo cincta,
demum convexa, I—2 mm lata, rarius fere semiglobosa, vetusta et morbosa
prolificantia, botryoso-congesta, subglobosa, ad 4 mm lata; discus pallide ceraceo-
testaceus, in juventute prominulus; receptaculum extus thallo concolor, nudum,
laeve, late corticatum, cortice chondroideo, ad ambitum anguste fuscescente et
insperso, caeterum decolore, intus medullam et infra hymenium stratum goni-
diale includens; excipulum integrum, decolor, ex hyphis tenuibus, tangentia-
libus, dense contextis formatum, sat crassum, I —; hypothecium angustum, ex
hyphis intricatis formatum, decolor; hymenium superne anguste et leviter sor-
dide inspersum, caeterum decolor et purum, 70—8o ». altum, I intense coeruleum,
demum aeruginoso-obscuratum; paraphyses filiformes, strictae, conglutinatae,
simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem non latiores; asci hymenio subaequilongi, cla-
vati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in
ascis + biseriales, decolores, ellipsoideae vel subovali-ellipsoideae, rectae, rarius
spurie curvulae, uniseptatae, ad septum nonnihil levissime constrictae, 6—15 u.
longae et 5—6 uw. latae.
Masatierra: auf Felsen in den héheren Bergen (BERTERO no. 1642);
Portezuelo, beim SELKIRK-Denkmal, 590 m; Cordon Salsipuedes, 465—600 m;
auf dem Ricken zwischen Villagra und Chupones, 386 m, ausserst haufig;
Bahia del Padre, auf Strandfelsen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Eine fliichtige Durchsicht des umfangreichen SKOTTSBERG'schen Mate-
rials’ dieser Art macht den Eindruck, als ob zwei Arten oder Varietaten, eine
mit schmalen, die andere mit bisweilen sehr breiten Lappen gesellig neben-
und durcheinander wachsen wiirden. Ein genaues Zusehen und der anato-
mische Vergleich der Lappen zeigt indes, dass es sich hier nur um Alters-
oder Entwicklungsstufen einer und derselben Art handelt. So verschiedenartig
auch die Individuen aussehen, so ist es doch nicht méglich, die beiden Wachs-
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ INSELN 391
tumarten als verschiedene Formen zu bezeichnen und zu trennen, denn es gibt
Individuen, welche beide Lappenformen zeigen. Die Beschreibung, welche die
Autoren bisher von der Flechte geben, passt nur auf die schmalen Lappen.
Das geht klar hervor aus einem Exemplar, welches von BERTERO gesammelt,
von MONTAGNE als »Ramalina scopulorum var. linearis» bestimmt, im Herbar
des botanischen Museums in Upsala liegt und das ich dort zu studieren Ge-
legenheit hatte. Die Verhaltnisse liegen hier gerade so als bei Ramalina
Jraxinea, dessen breitlappige Formen als f. ampliata bezeichnet werden, obwohl
sie keine eigentliche Abanderung der Art darstellen.
*R. Usnea Howe jr.
Howe jr. in Bryologist, vol. XVII, 1914, p. 81, fig. 1, tab. XII, fig. 1—2.
— Lichen Usnea Uinn., Mantissa I, 1767, p. 131. — FParmelia usneoides Ach., Me-
thod. Lich., 1803, p. 270. — Ramalina usneoides Mont. apud Gaupicu., Voyage
Bonite, 1844—46, p. 156; Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 291.
Masafuera: Hochplateau zwischen Sanchez und Toltén, 515 m, auf
Baumen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
[Folgende Arten sind zu streichen:
R. ceruchts De Not. (Usnea ceruchis Mont. in Annal. Sci. Nat., Bot., vol.
Seeses tap. XVI) fig, 15. ser. 2, Vol V7 1835; p» 86): s€rescit ad. ramos
Adesmie muicrophylle in consortio U. ceratine et Ramaline fraxinee; MONT.
l. c. p. 86. BERTERO no. 1783.
R. fraxinea! var. membranacea? MONTY. |. c. p. 86:
»Crescit ad ramos Adesmie muicrophylle confinis Usneis ceratine et
Ceruchi». In Gay, Hist. Fisic. y Polit. Chile, Bot. vol. VIII, 1852, p. 81 zitiert
MONTAGNE dasselbe Exemplar unter R. fraxinea (Mont. non. Ach.; nach Ny-
LANDER, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand., ser. 2, vol. 1V, 1870, p. 139 = R. subfraxinea
Niven Estud.. Flora J... Fern.;1896, p., 197 zitiert, JOHOW, Ae calcaris v.
Jraxinea als gesammelt von BERTERO und JOHOW; BERTERO’s Exemplare sind
zu streichen; JOHOW’s gehoren hochstwahrscheinlich zu 2. “nearis.
Obschon oben erwahnte Arten in MONTAGNE’s »Prodomus Florae Fer-
nandezianae» aufgenommen wurden, ja in GAY |. c. eben fiir Juan Fernandez
angegeben werden, hat sie BERTERO aber, wie mir Prof. SKOTTSBERG mitteilt,
nicht auf Juan Fernandez gesammelt. Sie sollen namlich auf Adesmia micro-
phylla gewachsen haben, und weder diese noch eine andere Adesmza-Art
kommt auf den Inseln vor. Dagegen ist die fragliche Adesmza in Zentral-
Chile, wo wohl jene Flechten gesammelt wurden, gar nicht selten.]
392 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Usnea Wigg.
A. Thalli rami teretes.
a. Axis solida '/4—1/5 crassitudinis ramorum occupans
U. Steinert var. torulosa.
b. Axis solida + '/3 crassitudinis thalli occupans.
I. Thallus erectus, fruticulosus U. florida var. chrysopoga.
II. Thallus pendulus, elongatus
U. dasypoga var. plicata, f. dasypogoides.
B. Thalli rami angulosi U. angulata.
U. dasypoga (Ach.) Nyl. var. plicata (Hoffm.) Hue f. dasypogoides
A. Zahlbr.
A. ZAuLsr. in Denkschrift. math.-naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. LXXXIII,
1909, p. 185. — Usnea dasypogoides Nyl. apud Crop, in Journ. of Bot., vol. XIV,
1876, p. 263. —.Usnea straminea Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXII,, 1870, p.no2aee
Usnea Schadenbergiana Goepp. et Stein in 60. Jahresb. Schlesisch. Gesellsch, fiir
vaterl. Kultur, 1883, p. 229. — Usnea dasypoga f. dasypogoides Hue in Nouv. Archiv.
du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. I, 1899, p. 47; A. ZAHLBR. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad.
andl, voln Vil, no.6,, 19075. p44.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances, auf J/yrceugenia fernandesiana, steril; Cordon
Chifladores, 350 m, auf Dyzmys, steril; Valle Colonial, Cordén Central, 577 m,
auf Rinden, steril; Portezuelo, 575 m, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono, 700 m, auf M/yrceugenia Schulszez, steril
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
U. florida (L.) Hoffm. var. chrysopoga Hue.
Hve in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 4, vol. I, 1899, p. 41; A. ZAHLBR.
in Denkschrift. math.-naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. LXXXIII, 1909, p. 184.
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril, auf Felsen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*U. Steineri A. Zahlbr.
A. Zaucpr. in Denkschrift. math.-naturw. Cl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. LXXXIII,
1909, p. 183 et 186, tab. III, fig. 1—4; Howe jr. in Bryologist, vol. XVIII, 1915,
p. 60.
“var. subtorulosa A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thallus pallide stramineus, erectus, fruticulosus, in specimine viso usque
7 cm altus, e basi iteratim dichotome et sympodialiter ramosus, rami primarii
usque 1,6 mm crassi, hinc inde annulatim fissi, scabrisculi, sorediis albis, mi-
nutis, vix prominulis increbre obsiti, fibrillis biformibus, vel subulato-filiformibus,
acutis ut in planta typica, plus minus incurvis, vel latioribus, subcylindricis et
subtorulosis, acutatis vel obtusiusculis, minus dense sorediosis, sorediis minutis,
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-*INSELN 393
parum prominulis, demum plus minus confluentibus; medulla KHO e flavo
sanguinea. Caeterum ut in typo.
Masafuera: im Hochlande, bei 1000 m, auf Rinden, fruchtend (C. und
I, SKOTTSBERG).
U. angulata Ach.
-A. ZauHLBR. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917,
Pp. 44-
Masafuera: auf Baumzweigen, fruchtend (C. SKOTTSBERG).
[U. darbata Fr., von JoHOw fiir Masafuera angegeben (Estud. Flora Juan
Fernandez, 1896, p. 197), bezieht sich hdchst wahrscheinlich nicht auf diese
Art. JoHow fiihrt auch BERTERO als Sammler auf (Masatierra). MONTAGNE
hat in seiner ersten Bearbeitung, Annal. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, vol. IV, 1835,
p. 86 nur U. barbata var. levis Mont. (BERTERO 1641); dasselbe Ex. nennt er
aber in GAY, Hist. fisic. y polit. Chile, Bot., vol. VIII, 1852, p. 60 U. plicata
Hoffm.; die Angabe bleibt fraglich.
U. ceratina Ach., MONTAGNE in Annal. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV,
1835, p. 86: »crescit in ramos Adesmze@ muicrophylle Hook. et Arn.» (BERTERO
no. 1783) ist zu streichen — siehe oben unter Ramalina! Bei GAY |. c. erwahnt
MONTAGNE nicht Juan Fernandez; dagegen fthrt er hier, ebenfalls unter no.
1783 U. florida Hoffm. auf. No. 1783 umfasst mehrere Arten, alle auf dem
Festlande gesammelt.|
Caloplacaceae.
Blastenia (Mass.) Th. Fr.
B. ferdinandeziana A. Zahlbr.
A. ZaHtBR. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917,
pei 46.
Apothecia demum convexa, margine depresso.
Scheint auf vulkanischem Gestein haufig zu sein.
Masatierra: Felswand beim SELKIRK-Denkmal, 590m; Portezuelo de Vil-
lagra, 590 m; Bahia del Padre, auf Strandfelsen; Siidabhang des Tres Puntas-
Riickens (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Sancta Clara (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
B. ferruginea (Huds.) Mass.
Mass. Parmelia ferruginea Fr.; Mont. Annal. Sc. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, vol. IV.
1835, P- 92.
Masatierra: Auf Baumrinden (BERTERO no. 1628).
394 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Bombyliospora De Not.
B. dolichospora A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Lecidea dolichospora Ny\. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, vol. Ill, 1855,
p. 162. — Bacidia dolichospora ‘Trevis. in Linnaea, vol. XXVIII, 1856, p. 293.
»Auf Yanthoxylum-Rinde» (Herb. DELESSER’).
Caloplaca Th. Fr.
A. Sporae simpliciter septatae, membrana aequali cinctae, thallus isidio-
phorus C. tsidioclada.
B. Sporae polari-bi- vel triloculares; thallus non isidiophorus.
I. Thallus crustaceus, uniformis.
1. Sporae polari-biloculares.
#. Species corticola; apothecia minuta, 0,2z—0,3 (0,4) mm lata,
pallida, vix conspicua C. clandestina.
G. Species saxicolae; apothecia distincte majora; apothecia
laete colorata.
§. Thallus, late expansus, tenuiter rimulosus, granularis
vel granulari-leprosus C. Selkirkt.
\§. Thallus ex areolis formatus rotundatis, planis, superne
laevigatis, plus minus dispersis C. rubina.
2. Sporae polari-triloculares C. subcerina.
II. Thallus effiguratus.
1. Laciniae marginales elongatae, lineares et rectae C. orthoclada.
2. Laciniae marginales breves et dilatatae
C. elegans var. australts.
Sect Eucaloplaca Th. Fr.
*C. clandestina A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epiphloeodes, substratum arcte obducens, tenuis, subochraceo-
albidus, opacus, KHO magis flavescens, continuus, laevis, sorediis et isidiis non
praeditus.
Apothecia lecanorina, parva, 0,3—0,4 mm lata, dispersa vel approximata,
sessilia, tenuia; discus thallo fere concolor, vix magis lutescens, e concavo sub-
planus, madefactus turgidus;. margo thallinus disco concolor, tenuis, integer,
haud prominulus; hymenium superne anguste fuscescenti-lutescens, non in-
spersum, KHO aurantiacum, caeterum aquoso-pellucidum, decolor; paraphyses
tenues, O,2—O,3 y. crassae, conglutinatae, simplices, inferne eseptatae, in parte
superiore submoniliformes, tenuiter septatae, in ipso apice rotundato-clavatae;
asci oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana sat bene incrassata
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 395
cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, late ellipsoideae vel ovales,
polari-diblastae, luminibus apicalibus parvis, circa '/4 longitudinem sporarum
metientes, isthmo tenui junctis, 10,5—12,5 p. longae et 8—g y. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masatierra: Zwischen anderen RKindenflechten eingesprengt fand ich nur
einen einzigen Thallus dieser durch das dtinne, fast hautige Lager, kleinen
und hellen Apothezien sehr charakteristischen Flechte (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*C. Selkirki A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, expansus vel maculas minores
formans, tenuis, vix 0,2 mm crassus, substratum obducens, citrino~aurantiacus
vel rarius pallide ochraceo-citrinus, KHO rubens, tenuiter areolato-rimosus,
areolis 0,z—0,3 mm latis, subplanis, in superficic passim paulum inaequalibus,
subangulosis, fissuris tenuissimis separatis hinc inde in granulis minutis abientibus,
granularis, rare leprosus, hypothallus tenuissimus, flavido~albidus, sorediis et
isidiis non instructus, in margine bene limitatus, sed linea obscuriore non
cinctus, superne strato corticali tenui, ex hyphis tenuibus et intricatis formato
obductus; gonidia cystococcoidea; hyphae medullares non amylaceae; subtus
albidus.
Apothecia lecanorina, dispersa vel approximata, sessilia, rotunda vel
passim angulata, primum planiuscula et margine tenui, parum prominulo, in-
tegro vel subintegro cincta, mox convexa et fere semiglobosa, margine depresso,
thallo intensius colorata, aurantiaca, subopaca, 0,5— 0,7(— 1) mm lata; margo thallo
paulum dilutior, extus strato corticali, tenui, 20—25 py. crasso, ex hyphis intri-
catis et inspersis, formato, KHO rubente obductus, gonidia crebra et medullam
includens; excipulum decolor, I —, integrum, fere usque ad verticem hymenii
assurgens, crassiusculum, subcartilagineum; hymenium superne sordide fuscescens,
modice inspersum, KHO purpureum, caeterum decolor et purum, 80—90 y.
altum, I intense coeruleum, demum obscuratum; paraphyses filiformes, strictae,
conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem parum latiores vel paulum capi-
tatae; asci hymenio subaequilongi, oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et mem-
brana bene incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores,
ellipsoideo-ovales vel ovales, polari-diblastae, luminibus primum '/s, demum 1/4
longitudinis sporarum metientibus, isthmo angusto, sed distincto junctis, IO—12 p.
longae et 8—8,5 y. latae.
Die Art scheint auf Juan Fernandez sehr haufig zu sein, sie bewohnt
vulkanisches Gestein, C. und I. SKOTTSBERG haben sie an folgenden Lokali-
taten gesammelt:
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, an mehreren Stellen, 590 m; Cordon
Salsipuedes, 465 m; Bahia del Padre, an Strandfelsen; niedriger Felsriicken am
Siidhange von Tres Puntas.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, in der Sturmregion am Meere; Strand-
felsen unweit des Monotals und Cordon del Barril, 800—1200.
Erinnert einigermassen an Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulf), doch ist der
Thallus heller und dinner, die Sporen anders gestaltet und kleiner.
396 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
*C. rubina A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus ex areolis parvis, 0,1:—0,3 mm latis, rotundatis vel irregularibus,
rarius paulum elongatis vel squamuliformibus, tenuissimis, planiusculis, sub-
striato arcte adpressis, plus minus dispersis vel hinc inde etiam approximatis,
nunquam crustam continuam formantibus compositus, aurantiacus, opacus, KHO
purpureus, areolae marginales non radiantes, sorediis et isidiis non praeditus,
superne strato corticali tenui obductus; stratum gonidiale continuum, gonidiis
cystococcoideis, usque 18 yp, latis.
Apothecia inter areolas thalli sessilia, lecanorina, cinnabarino-aurantiaca,
opaca, parva, 0,2—0,4 mm lata, e concavo leviter convexa, KHO purpurea;
margo thallinus primum tenuis, integer, parum prominulus, demum depressus,
disco parum dilutior vel concolor, extus strato corticali, ex hyphis formato
tenuibus et intricatis, in ambitu aurantiaco-fuscescente obductus, gonidia et
medullam includens; excipulum haud distinctum; hypothecium decolor, molle, ex
hyphis intricatis formatur, sublentiforme, strato gonidiali crassiusculo super-
positum, I coeruleum; hymenium superne dense inspersum, aurantiaco-fuscum,
KHO purpureum, caeterum decolor et purum, 75—80 ». altum, I violaceo-
coeruleum; paraphyses filiformes, strictae, conglutinatae, simplices, in parte in-
feriore eseptatae, versus apicem sensim crassiores et depauperato-moniliformes,
in ipso apice clavatae; asci ovali-clavati, hymenio subaequilongi, ad apicem
rotundati et membrana calyptriformi-incrassato cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis
subtriseriales, decolores, ovali- vel late ellipsoideae, rectae, polari-diblastae, loculi
circa 7/3 longitudinis sporarum metientibus, isthmo tenui junctis, 9—II p.
longae et 5—6 y, latae.
Masatierra: Siidabhang des Riickens der Tres Puntas, auf vulkanischem
Gestein (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: unterster Teil der Quebrada de las Casas, auf Felsen (C. und
I, SKOTTSBERG).
Die Merkmale dieser neuen Art sind die kleinen, flachen, mitunter fast
schuppenformigen und mehr weniger zerstreut stehenden Lagerfelderchen, fer-
ner die kleinen und lebhaft gefarbten Apothezien.
*var. evolutior A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
Thalli squamae paulum majores, usque 1 mm latae, incisae vel crenulatae,
magis approximatae et centrum versus maculas thallinas fere areolatas formans.
Masafuera: im aussersten Teile der Quebrada de las Casas, auf Gestein
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
a, isidioclada A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus crustam formans sat expansam, demum irregulariter et sat late
areolato-fissus, ex ramulis valde brevibus, 0,:—0,2 mm longis, subcoralloideis
vel fere isidiomorphis, teretiusculis et ramosis, primum subverruculosis et de-
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ INSELN 397
pressis, dense contextis formatus, aurantiacus, opacus, KHO purpureus, sorediis
destitutus, hypothallus distinctus nullus.
Apothecia lecanorina, basi lata adpresso-sessilia, rotunda, sat tenuia,
usque 1,2 mm lata; discus rufescenti-aurantiacus, opacus, epruinosus, planiusculus
vel convexiusculus; margo thallinus tenuis, paulum prominulus, subcrenulatus, fla-
vescens, persistens, subnitidus, extus strato corticali sat tenui, obscure ochraceo-
fusco, insperso, KHO purpureo obductus, medulla incolore et pura, glomerulos
gonidiorum includente; excipulum integrum, angustum, 18—20 yp. crassum, decolor,
pellucidum, ex hyphis tangentialibus, sat pachydermaticis et dense contextis for-
matum, maculas rotundas vel oblongas offerens, basi strato medullari, gonidia
includenti superpositum; hypothecium fere decolor, molle, ex hyphis intricatis
formatum, excipulo paulum crassius; hymenium superne aurantiaco~fuscum,
pulverulentum, KHO purpureum, caeterum incolor, purum, 80—90 y». altum, |
intense coeruleum; asci hymenio subaequilongi, oblongo- vel ellipsoideo-clavati,
ad apicem membrana calyptratim incrassata instructi, 8-spori; paraphyses sub-
gelatinose conglutinatae, filiformes, simplices, versus apicem sensim crassiores,
superne moniliformiter-septatae et in ipso apice clavatae; sporae in ascis bi-
triseriales, decolores, ellipsoideae vel fere ovales, utrinque rotundatae vel paulum
angustatae, uniseptatae, septo primum sat tenui, mox crassiore, ad septum non
vel leviter constrictae, rectae, membrana primum aequali, demum subinaequali
cinctae et loculis demum parvis, distantibus, sed isthmo distincto non junctis,
8—12 wu. longae et 5—7 ». latae.
Masafuera: auf der Erde und iiber durch Algen verunreinigten Moosen
(C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Erinnert habituell an die chilenische Caloplaca microphylla (Hue) A.
Zahlbr., besitzt aber ganz anders gestaltete Sporen und ist mit jener nicht
naher verwandt.
Sect. Triophthalmidium (Mill. Arg.) A. Zahlbr.
*C. subcerina A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Lecanora erythroleuca var. subcerina Nyl. in Flora, vol. LI, 1869, p. 119. —
Callopisma australe Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXIV, 1881, p. 100. — FPlacodium
subcerinum Wain., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 1890, p. 123. — Lecidea subcerina Hue
in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vol. LVIII, 1911, sess. extraord., p. LXXXVI, tab. III,
fig. 15 et in Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, ser. 5, vol. IV, (1910) 1914, p. 5, fig. 63.
var. aurantiaca A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Callopisma australe var. aurantiacum Mill. Arg. in Flora, vol. LXIV, 1881, p.
100. — Lecanora erythroleuca var. aurantiaca Stzbgr. in Bericht tiber die Thatigk.
St. Gallisch. naturw. Gesellsch. 1888—8g, 1890, p. 206.
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia, bei 300m, auf alteren Lvma-Borken
(C. und I. SKOTYTSBERG).
Hierbei gehort vielleicht auch noch ein auf einer Felswand des Cordon
Salsipuedes, 465 m, gesammeltes Stiick, dessen Sporen gut ubereinstimmen,
(o/0)
39 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Fruchtscheibe indes dunkel ist und dadurch an die var. crenulata (Mull. Arg.)
herantritt, von dieser aber durch den nicht krenulierten Fruchtrand abweicht.
Das es sich nur um ein einziges und diirftiges Exemplar handelt, kann ich
nicht feststellen, ob die Kombination der beiden Merkmale konstant und von
taxonomischem Wert ist.
Sect. Gasparrinia (Tornab.) Th. Fr.
C. elegans (Link.) Th. Fr. var. australis A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Xanthoria parietina var. australis A. Zahlbr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad.
Hand vol; LVily no. 6; 1007, 5p.140.
Thallus miniatus, aurantiacus, vel rutilus, rare vitellino-variegatus, iteratim
lobatus, lobis varie formatis, lobi marginales in parte substrati horizontali et
laeviore tenues, lineares, convexae, arcte substrato affixi ut in var. ‘fenuz
(Wahlbg.), in locis aliis latiores, inaequaliter dilatati, subgyrosi, usque 5 mm
longi et I—I,z mm lati, in superficie inaequales, subcanaliculati vel foveolato-
excavati, in partibus thalli verticaliter sitis usque 2 mm longi, continui, appla-
nati, adpressi, lobis \azthoriae parietinae angustioribus similes. Stratum cor-
ticale paginae superioris thalli hinc inde interruptum et maculas parvas, rotundas,
albas et concavas offert medullae denudatae.
Die Durcharbeitung eines reichen Materials hat mich zur Uberzeugung
gebracht, dass es sich um eine Abanderung der Caloplaca elegans und nicht
um eine kleinlappige Form der Xanthoria parietina handelt. Der Bau der
Rinde des Lagers, den ich nunmehr an vielen Stiicken zu studieren Gelegenheit
hatte, weist auf Caloplaca elegans.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances, bei 50 m; Puerto Ingles unweit der Robinson-
hohle und Bahia del Padre, auf Strandfelsen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies, auf hartem Gestein (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono und an Strandfelsen in der Quebrada
de las Casas (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*C. orthoclada A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus placodiomorphus, centrifugus, plagas usque 6 cm latas formans,
plagis plus minus confluentibus, tartareus, aurantiacus, subopacus, vel fere ce-
rinus, KHO kermesinus, in centro primum verruculoso-areolatus et apothecia
crebra et approximata gerens et ab eis fere omnino obtectus, ibidem mox
emoriens et albidus, lobi marginales elongati, usque 1,5 cm longi, angusti,
0,3—0,5 mm lati, stricti, recti vel subrecti, contigui, convexi, dichotome vel
sympodialiter ramosi, in apice paulum latiores, integri, retusi vel minute cre-
nulati, substrato arcte adnati, subtus albi, rhizinis destituti, passim inaequaliter
dilatati et subtorulosi, hinc inde, sed rare, tenuiter transversim rupti, sorediis
et isidiis destitutus; superne strato corticali 16—19 ». crasso, pulverulento-
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 399
insperso, KHO purpureo, sordide aurantiaco, ex hyphis densissime intricatis
formato obductus; medulla alba, ex hyphis subhorizontalibus et leviter intri-
catis composita, I —; gonidia glomerata, glomerulis subcontiguis, cellulis laete
viridibus, 13—16 y. latis.
Apothecia lecanorina (primum habitu gyalectoideo), et in centro thalli, et
in lobis marginalibus superficialia, alte sessilia, rotunda, parva, usque 0,5 mm
lata; discus croceus, opacus, KHO purpureus, epruinosus, e concavo subplanus;
margo thallinus crassiusculus, integer, persistenter bene prominulus, thallo con-
color, strato corticali angusto obductus, medullam et gonidia includens; exci-
pulum haud distinctum; hypothecium pallide lutescens, molle, ex hyphis intri-
catis formatum; hymenium superne anguste aurantiaco-fuscum, inspersum,
caeterum decolor, purum, 80—go0 y, altum, I coeruleum; paraphyses filiformes,
strictae, conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem capitato-clavatae; asci
hymenio subaequilongi, oblongo-clavati, ad apicem rotundati et membrana mo-
dice incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, ellipsoideae
vel subovales, rectae, polari-diblastae, luminibus circa '/3 longitudinis sporarum
mebtientibus, isthmo tenui junctis, 8,;—10 uv. longae et 5—5,5 uv. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
Masafuera: Strandfelsen in der Quebrada del Mono (C. und I. SkorrTs-
BERG).
Eine ausserordentlich zierliche Flechte, charakterisiert durch die schmalen,
verhaltnismassig langen Randlappen, welche auch Apothezien tragen; sie nahert
sich der Caloplaca Feliponez A. Zahibr. und gehort nach der Gestalt der Sporen
in die Gruppe der Caloplaca murorum.
Theloschistaceae.
Theloschistes Norm.
“Th. flavicans (Sw.) Mill. Arg.
f. glabra Wain. ;
Warn., Etud. Lich. Brésil, vol. I, 18go, p. 114.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances; Portezuelo, 600—625 m, zwischen anderen
Flechten auf Baumrinden und iiber Moosen, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Buelliaceae.
Buellia De Not.
A. Thallus flavidus vel stramineus, Ca Cl,O, optime lateritius
B. concinna var. oceanica.
B. Thallus albidus vel cinerascens.
a. Apothecia immersa vel subimmersa B. stellulata.
b. Apothecia sessilia vel adpressa.
400 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
I. Sporae siphoniatae L. stphoniatula.
II. Sporae simpliciter uniseptatae.
1. Thallus KHO sanguineus Lb. fernandeziana.
2. Thallus KHO — LB. halophila.
*B. concinna Th. Fr.
Tu. Fr. in Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsal., ser. 3, vol. III, 1861, p. 332
et Lichenogr. Scand., vol. I, 1874, p. 600. — Lecrdea concinna Stzbgr. in Bericht.
iiber die Thitigk. St. Gallisch. naturw. Gesellsch. 1874—1875, 1876, p. 236; Nyt.,
Lich. Pyren. Orient., 1891, p. 36.
*var. oceanica A. Zahlbr. nov. var.
A planta europaea differt in eo, quod medullae hyphae pro majore vel
pro minore parte Iodo violaceo tinguntur et sporis paulum minoribus.
Thallus crustaceus, uniformis, tartareus, cervino-ochroleucus, nitidulus,
KHO flaveus, Ca Cl,O, bene lateritius, substrata laxiuscule adhaerens, maculas
irregulares formans, verruculoso-areolatus, areolis alte convexis, 0,3—0,5 mm
latis, confertis, subangulosis vel rotundatis, marginalibus paulum longioribus et
angustioribus, in margine linea obscuriore non cinctus, sorediis et isidiis de-
stitutus.
Apothecia in superficie verrucarum thalli sessilia, solitaria vel rarius bina,
nigra, opaca, minuta, 0,25—0,45 mm lata, mox convexa, margine haud conspicuo;
excipulum crassum, fuligineum, versus hymenium fuscum et NO, fusconigrum;
hymenium purum, superne anguste obscure fuscum, inferne dilute aeruginoso-
fuscescens, I0OO—110 ». altum; paraphyses simplices, eseptatae; sporae in ascis
subuniseriales, fuscae, uniseptatae, late ellipsoideae vel ovales, rectae, ad septum
non constrictae, 8,5—10,5 vu. longae et 5—-5,5 vu. latae.
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies, auf hartem Gestein (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
*B. siphoniatula A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus crustaceus, uniformis, tenuissimus, ochraceo-cinerascens, opacus,
KHO —, CaCl,0, —, KHO + CaCl,O, —, fere continuus, siccus minute sub-
areolatus vel subleprosus, madefactus subverruculoso~inaequalis, in margine
linea tenui nigricante cinctus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus; superne strato cor-
ticali pertenui obductus; medulla albida, ex hyphis non amylaceis formata;
stratum gonidiale continuum vel subcontinuum, cellulis globosis, dilute et laete
viridibus, 7,5—9 v. latis.
Apothecia lecideina, adpresse sessilia, parva, 0,5--0,8 mm_ lata, nigra,
nitidula, primum concava, margine proprio tenui et integro cincta, demum le-
viter convexa margine paulum depresso; excipulum integrum, carbonaceum,
infra hymenium angustatum; hypothecium tenue, fuscum; hymenium superne
nigricanti-fuscum, KHO —, NO; —, non inspersum, caeterum decolor et purum,
S8o—go p. altum, I intense violaceo-coeruleum; paraphyses filiformes, gelatinoso-
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ’ INSELN 401
conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem clavatae et calyptratim obscuratae;
asci hymenio subaequilongi, oblongo- vel ellipsoideo-clavati, superne rotundati
et membrana incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae in ascis plus minus biseriales, e
fumoso fuscae, ovales vel late ellipsoideae, rarius subrhomboidales, rectae, ver-
sus apicem angustatae, sed in ipso apice rotundatae, luminibus cellularum pri-
mum apicalibus, circa ‘/s longutidinis sporarum mentientibus, isthmo tenui, sed
distincto junctis, demum magis approximatis, anguloso-rotundatis vel subcor-
datis, parvae, 16—20(—22) ». longae et 8—g y. latae.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, an Strandfelsen (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Zum Vergleich konnen Auellia posthabita (Nyl.) A. Zahlbr. und Luellia
falklandica Darb. herangezogen werden. Das nicht areolirte Lager, die ange-
presst-sitzenden, angefeuchtet nicht durchscheinden Apothezien und das nicht
ausgesprochen herzformige Sporoblast der Sporen unterscheiden sie von der
ersteren, das am Grunde nicht fussformig verlangerte Gehause und die nicht
breit abegerundeten Sporen von der letzteren Art.
*B. stellulata Mudd.
Mupp, Man. Brit. Lich., 1861, p. 216; Th. Fr., Lichenogr. Scand., vol. I,
1874, p. 603; Wain. im Arkiv for Bot., vol. VIII, no. 4, 1909, p. 80. — Lecdea
stellulata ‘Tayl. apud Mack., Flore Hibern., vol. Il, 1836, p. 118.
Scheint auf vulkanischen Gestein eine haufige Art zu sein.
Masatierra: Gipfel des Cerro Negro, 190 m; Bahia del Padre, an Strand-
felsen; Sidabhang des Tres Puntasriickens (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Santa Clara: Morro de los Alelies (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono, an Strandfelsen; Quebrada de las Casas
und im unteren Teil der Quebrada de las Vacas (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
*B. halophila Mill. Arg.
Mix. Arc. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, vol. I, 1893, p. 52.
Thallus KHO —, Ca Cl,O,—, in margine linea tenui fumosa cinctus.
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, bei 50 m, auf losen Blécken (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
B. fernandeziana A. Zahlbr.
A. Zautpr. in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917,
P- 53:
Masatierra: Bahia del Padre, auf Lava (C. SKOTTSBERG).
Die Zahl der auf Juan Fernandez vorkommenden Buellien ist durch die
angefiihrten Arten nicht erschopft. Indes konnten mehrere Arten nicht sicher
26—2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
402 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
bestimmt werden, da es mir unter den gegebenen Umstanden nicht méglich
war, mehrere Urstiicke, deren Beschreibung nicht ausreichte, um die schwie-
rigen Arten der Gattung Axellia von einem einheitlichen Standpunkt zu be-
handeln, fehlten und unter den obwaltenden Verhaltnissen bestand keine Aus-
sicht, sie zu erhalten. Ich hoffe, bei einer spateren Gelegenheit auf diese
Buellien zuriickzukommen.
Physciaceae.
Pyxine (Fr.) Nyl.
*P. curvatula A. Zahlbr. nov. spec.
Thallus substrato adhaerens, sed non arcte adpressus, membranaceus,
tenuis, ad 0,2 mm crassus, rosulas usque 4,5 cm latas formans, albus, made-
factus glaucescens, fere opacus, KHO superne flavens, Ca Cl,O,—, iteratim et
sat irregulariter divisus, laciniis primariis usque I mm latis, convexiusculis, su-
perne laevigatis, hinc inde subimbricatis vel subcomplicatis, utplurimum versus
apicem laciniarum, sed etiam in centro thalli, interruptim isidiis brevibus,
0,3—0,5 mm longis, cylindricis, valde tenuibus, rectis, utplurimum angustis prae-
ditis, subtus pallidus (albidus vel dilute fuscescens), rhizinis increbris, validius-
culis et sat brevibus obsitus, sorediis destitutus; utrinque corticatus; cortex superior
20—26 . crassus, non inspersus, paraplectenchymaticus, ex hyphis perpen-
dicularibus septatisque formatus, cellulis leptodermaticis, subanguloso-rotundatis,
4—6 » in diam., in seriebus superpositis utplurimum 4, superne strato valde
tenui, amorpho supertectus; cortex inferior versus medullam inaequaliter in-
crassatus, ex hyphis 3,5;—4 yw. crassis, subhorizontalibus et modice intricatis
formatus; stratum gonidiale infra corticem superiorem dispositum, tenue, haud
continuum, gonidiis globosis, dilute viridibus, 5—8 yw latis; medulla alba,
KHO —, Ca Cl,0, —, ex hyphis laxiusculis, non inspersis, ramosis et sat lepto-
dermaticis formata; rhizinae validiusculae, 50--100 . crassae, e basi breviter et
increbre ramosae, dilute fuscescentes vel passim fere decolores, ex hyphis longi-
tudinalibus, tenuibus et dense contextis formatae.
Apothecia superficialia, sessilia, lecideina, parva, 0,2—0,3 mm lata, nigra,
opaca, mox leviter convexa, immarginata; excipulum integrum, fuscum, cum
hypothecio confluens, gonidia nulla includens; hypothecium ochraceo-fuscum,
KHO haud mutatum, ex hyphis intricatis formatum; hymenium superne non
inspersum, fuscum, KHOW—, caeterum decolor et purum, 75—85 p altum, I
coeruleum; paraphyses filiformes, conglutinatae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem
capitato-clavatae et obscuratae; asci hymenio subaequilongi, ovali-clavati, su-
perne rotundati et membrana bene incrassata cincti, recti, 8-spori; sporae in
ascis biseriales, fuscae, ellipsoideo-oblongae, oblongae vel etiam cylindrico-oblongae,
utrinque rotundatae, normaliter curvulae vel leviter arcuatae, septo tenui, ad
septum non constrictae, membrana tenui et aequali cinctae 15—20 pu. longae et
4,5—6 wu. latae.
Pycnoconidia non visa.
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 403
Masatierra: Puerto Inglés, 550 m, im Wald auf Baumstammen (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Die kleinen Apothezien, die gekriimmten Sporen und die kurzen Isidien
sind die Merkmale der neuen Art.
Physcia (Schreb.) Wain.
*Ph. picta Nyl.
Nyx. in Mémoir, Soc. Imp. Scienc. Natur. Cherbourg, vol. II, 1855, p. 175
et Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 430, tab. VIII, fig. 53; Warn., Etud. Lich. Brésil,
vol. I, 1890, p. 150. — Lichen pictus Sw., Nova Gener. et Spec. Plant., 1788,
p. 146.
Mastatierra: auf dem Bergriicken zwischen der Quebrada Villagra und
Bahia Chupones, 386 m, auf Gestein, steril (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
Anaptychia Korb.
A. Laciniae thalli in margine fibrillis nigricantibus, demum _ squarroso-
ramosissimis, 1—2 y. longis obsitus A. hypoleuca.
B. Laciniae thalli in margine fibrillis pallidis, simplicibus, 0,5—0,3(—1)
mm longis ornati A. dactyliza f. pectinata.
*A. hypoleuca (Muhlb.) Mass.
var. colorata A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Pseudophyscia hypoleuca var. colorata A. Zahlbr. in Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. CXI, 1 Abb., 1902, p. 413. — Pseudophyscia hypoleuca
f. caesiocrocata Cord. in Brotéria, ser. bot., vol. XII, 1914, p. 179.
Masatierra: steinige Heide siidlich von Tres Puntas steril (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
*A. dactyliza A. Zahlbr. nov. comb.
Physcia speciosa var. dactyliza Nyl., Synops. Lich., vol. I, 1860, p. 417. —
Pseudophyscia speciosa var. dactyliza Mill. Arg. in Encrer, Bot. Jahrbuch., vol. XX,
1894, p. 260.
*f, pectinata A. Zahlbr. nov. f.
Thallus substrato adpressus, radiatim crescens, rosulas rotundas (in spe-
cimine viso 6 cm latas) formans, subcartilagineus, albidus vel albus, nitidulus,
KHO superne lutescens, Ca Cl,0,—, laevigatus, sorediis et isidiis non prae-
ditus, iteratim et dichotome et trichotome laciniatus, laciniae elongatae, lineares
(0,6)—1—r,2 mm latae, subplanae, utplurimum contiguae, rare laxiusculae, plus
404 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
minus divaricatae, ad apicem paulum latiores, rotundato-retusatae vel emargi-
natae in margine ciliis albis vel albidis (rare dilute fuscescentibus), rigidiusculis,
simplicibus, normaliter 0,3 mm longis, sat densis, plus minus patentibus, leviter
recurvis vel arcuatis obsitae, subtus lacteus, rhizinis nullis; superne tantum
corticatus, cortex extus leviter fuscescens, non inspersus, caeterum albidus, ex
hyphis subhorizontalibus, modice intricatis et conglutinatis formatus, subcartila-
gineus, inaequalis, 60—100 yw. crassus; stratum gonidiale sat angustum, non
continuum, gonidiis glomeratis, glomerulis vel majoribus vel minoribus, cellulis
laete viridibus, globosis, 8—10 yw. latis; medulla alba, KHO —, Ca Cl,O, —, in-
ferne nuda, a cortice non obducta, ex hyphis 5—8 yw. crassis, increbre ra-
mosis, non inspersis, in parte infera medullae plus minus liberis.
Apothecia in centro thalli copiosa, superficialia, sessilia, in basi angustata,
congesta, cupuliformia, usque 5 mm lata; discus concavus, obscure fuscus, le-
vissime pruinosus vel fere nudus; margo thallinus parum inflexus, primum
subinteger, demum in lobulos parvos angustos abiens, cilia nulla gerens; recep-
taculum extus glabrum et nudum, pallidum, corticatum, cortice chondroideo,
usque 140 yu. crasso, ex hyphis tenuibus et dense intricatis formato, extus
fuscescente, infra corticem medullam et gonidia includens; hymenium superne
sordide fuscum, dense pulverulentum, caeterum decolor et purum, usque 200
altum, I obscure coeruleum; hypothecium angustum, dilute lutescens, molle, ex
hyphis intricatis formatum; paraphyses filiformes, strictae, gelatinose congluti-
natae, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem vix latiores; asci oblongo-clavati, ad
apicem rotundati et membrana primum bene incrassata cincti, 8-spori; sporae
in ascis biseriales, e fumoso fuscae, late ellipsoideae, rectae, ad apices rotun-
datae, in margine hinc inde leviter emarginatae, luminibus rhomboideo-ova-
libus vel subcordatis, approximatis, 35—-40 ». longae et 17—20 y, latae.
Conceptacula pycnoconidiorum immersa, vertice punctiformi et nigro pro-
minula, globosa; perifulcrium pallidum, tantum circa ostiolum obscuratum; fulcra
endobasidialia; pycnoconidia recta vel subrecta, breviter bacillaria, ad 3,5 u
longa.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana, ad truncos Arzstoteliae maqui (C. und
I. SKOTTSBERG).
Wegen der unberindeten Thallusunterseite muss man Avaphtychia dactyliza
von Anaptychia speciosa als eigene Art abtrennen. Die Varietaét unterscheidet
sich vom Typus durch die hellen und kurzen Marginalzilien des Lagers.
[A. leucomelaena (L.) Wain. — Parmelia leucomelas Ach.; MONTY. in Annal.
Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 90; »Crescit ad ramos Adesmie
microphylle» (BERTERO no. 1783) — ist zu streichen; vgl. oben bei Ramadina.|
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 405
Hymenolichenes.
Cora Fr.
C. pavonia (Web.) Fr.
Mont. in Annal. Scienc. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, vol. IV, 1835, p. 195; A. ZAHLBR.
in Kgl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., vol. LVII, no. 6, 1917, p. 56.
Masatierra: Auf Felsen, Baumrinden und auf dem Erdboden (BERTERO
no. 1649); haufig in der Regenregion, auf Baumzweigen, auf der Erde auf
zerbrockelnden vulkanischem Gestein (C. SKOTTSBERG); Puerto Frances, Loma
Incienso; Cordén Chifladores, 200 m; Valle Anson, 149 m, auf Heideboden;
Cordon Escarpado, El Pico, 365 m; niedriger Ricken Sstlich von der Kolonie,
147 m; Ostlich von Villagra, auf losem Tuff und auf der Erde (C. und I.
SKOTTSBERG).
Masafuera: Heide oberhalb der Quebrada del Mono, 850 m; Los Ino-
centes, im Dzcksonia-Wald, bei 950 m (C. und I. SKOTTSBERG).
406 A. ZAHLBRUCKNER
Erklarung der Abbildungen.
Tafel 24,
Fig. 1. Arthonia cytisi Mass.
Fig. 2. Arthonia berberina A, Zahlbr.
Fig. 3—4. Arthonia cytist var. meridionalis A. Zahlbr.
Fig. 5. Coccocarpia Gayana var. subdivisa A. Zahlbr.
Fig. 6. Ocellularia subdenticulata A. Zahlbr.
Fig. 7. Psoroma cephalodinum A. Lahlbr.
Tafel 25.
Fig. 1. Sticta Berteroana Mont.
Fig. 2. Byssocaulon niveum Mont.
Fig, 3. Psoroma angustisectum A. Zahlbr,
Fig. 4. Physma chilense Hue,
Fig. 5. Cetraria antarctica A. Zahlbr.
[Fig.6. Siphula potyschistes {. sorediosula A. Zahlbr. In Chile gesammelt.]
Fig, 7. Lemmopsis polychidioides A, Zahibr.
Register
der neuen Arten, Varietaten, Formen und Kombinationen.
Anaptychia dactyliza
» » fAPCCtiMata a. ess ity ee ah RE ee atts
» hypoleuca var. colorata . é
Arthonia berberina . Lp ooateeise
» cytisi var. meridionalis .
» subnebulosa
Arthopyrenia adnexa var. leptosperma .
Bacidia arceutina var. hyposcotina. . .
FERCCIADSANS 2 ie.
Bombyliospora dolichospora
Buellia concinna var. oceanica
» siphoniatula
Caloplaca clandestina .
» elegans var. australis . Lo ear ee
» isidioclada .
» orthoclada . . .
» rubina. . BML t
» » vy. evolutior . .
» Selkirkii . ‘
» subcerina ear
» » v. aurantiaca
DIE FLECHTEN DER JUAN FERNANDEZ-INSELN 407
Semsllaria lenecockianaet: typlet ga. - + . - « - « 4 ele
» » f AneWiCgsay ss ass
» Selassie mesaleticames 2. <<) 5 +, se eee oe) ee nile = of allsu'e: (GOI
» HEC DROME deta. cata) eS few. ow hialien o's! se oe 5 Ree : 364
meecocatpia Gavana var. Subdivisa, . 0. 2 2s 6s cs
Maesogonium veltitinum . . 1. 18 se eee we
Re LCE Toh cs 0s. nigeria "sacra eae. «Wie genes Wie
Lecanora albellina var. validior ...... a ae oe . f 380
. . . a ee ne el” bet a! ey tere
> etue sete MenTOSUl a. akle Poe cgs MSS a ais. = x Se oh Bviny RO. o. 2 a eee eS
> SURO ys 2 a RGM tats ts ES as, cn ue ee
» PCRS hs i <e So Bee whtiey) «0m Gah Rams Lot oa Wemnesel | am ee) <0 9 at
> SAS AMICECHSIS: =! a, \\ miata. > la Gee (a tet oes. ge lel ORE ce, 2 i ee
» pabteGnicdst. SOLeGiGsHiay .<..s° ska coaex) <0» Ya U6) oh ae aoagee deft Uw anreaeee = gene
cAI Rs nl so eke ow Suma fae, os, Sabbatini : : 357
MEEUOCISALCE epee 6 kate, «acoder caiacnis «| 2" a), xr ecaneme a apes 359
> > fo: SHPGYRISA, cue «in Wer Seana erie ne MMI We a ahd ie an ay ane
RESAGLEG A: cine oe eo valtw. We herby ol aS, mn ele te
EMRE CIE ENEL ALI Bee val och Mot | an noe bie ny Copies ao ond So, be ee 360
MMMERET Se BOLYCINGIOICES: 6's cs ce ss eo Js (Sar wk ee ee «+ i ws 8 ie 955
Pevanun Jeucoxanthum var..albidius: 2 2... Ss 2 Se ee
ecmiapora. versicolor vat. Mucrocarpa =/s <6 26+ jh > se mo = She lm A yw hes 365
upEnIPeEMESTSTCEHAUGC AANA oar. 3 3: ca var (xs Vet whe act's omy, a RE ew ae 318
feaaetctyen lopadioides:. (95 - 2. «1 sea 5 Ge ee 8 ow ees
Weculwia subdenticulata, 2. 5°. -g ee es ee Se ce ee
Pannaria Hilatis .. . .
» WEIPMMOS2 Vat VUlCANICA > “awa nai ails, 3-0 ua! ©. Jos la 5 angst nea
a aamenCt Conspcrsa yar-/Obtecta 2. . 9 oS es se 5 we js le em
» EMEXEISHICCA, £.. dIVISA. . s.a_-o0s0 SNR aie. x <<) oie © oust arent onde ee ee
Peanenella symptychia . . . . 1... «
Pertusaria hadrocarpa .
» Helcarps. Var TIONOSPOra:, Ss meses |S. =<) 5h Ya eee, bee ae a= eee rd
> Skottsbergii .
RPOAECMEACMEESSENA DS | 5S! s.ce er ta) ot 3 ee eee Se! tae) \s nme Nal ee tae eee
MBEERSRAMECTIANA <5 af = 5. iw “gale oe erie Ow te a) See ee
OS i re ee eo ae Sea
Seasrotet: SNSUSHSECEUM: fs 2 ej 0s) 2 dae een ce eo oS Ye a SS) Tat tah lee es eee
> Eepltledingnl + yo o.s= 6. is)=)cakleee she 2% 2 0 )S, ». pat) en ee
» sis LEC (ee ore Pre Me nC meee Ace 2G oS ee
> MELCANNICHIN 5 «consti “ey /e).5 ist, lehiey sca. ©) oy 2 8e oa ieee
SUSIE CHE AUNEL A 58 so Salas oh ays ce oe Fe sy ocee) im pale de ek ina (ade are ye
.
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“]
a |
iizeearnon'microspermum 00°40 02' 2. 6S. i 5 ee ee
> obscuratum: var. deminuium® ...°. 2 22. 2 2 ee ee
SEhisniatomm AECeGenSie easy cary al cars ot (2) <2) oie’ sd) eg a bpath ces) De meted ot Sy)
Steccocaulon proximum! var, ComIpactius 2... << io. «is ya; amie ~ ee te ee et 29 1a
Serta carpolonia. f.@riiatae Paine Bt cere (ook 0 yp a Sse eee ey as i ots at
© fesoillima “war. Wietiss: Sete re cies = 2S x lake, See ee Si Soy mcs pe 340
So enallepiind ware SHEMEN = oe one) Sc. oe = ce koe ees Se es 948
wy eames, var. Durvilleiy Se Go: 2, 4)... - «56. 2) =. ste eee ee ms ees > SS
» » 3 “enldochigset Sree sn oo = Oy a cee ete = = oe
> » oo flavicans = ot <del. .c. =) yeeceds = een Mem = ss 552
istics Stemen var. subtorulosa 2.2 ye acs <6 6s 5. a tas ee ek eee, <=" 9
408 A, ZAHLBRUCKNER
Anhang.
Flechtenparasiten,
bearbeitet von Dr. K. KEISSLER.
Sphaerulina spec.
Auf dem Thallus von Uswea dasvpoga var. dasypogoides Ny\. Masatierra, Puerto
Frances. — Wahrscheinlich eine neue Art, doch das Hymenium etwas mangelhaft entwickelt,
so dass eine Neubeschreibung nicht méglich ist.
> Leptosphaeria galligera Keiss]. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 2. Abt. Bd. 37 (1920) p. 274.
Auf dem Thallus von Parmelia cetrata {. sorediifera Wain. Masatierra, Masafuera,
Quebr. Loberia. — Bildet braune Gallen ganz ahnlich die ich fir Parmelia cetrata Zahlbr. be-
schrieb (Sandwichs-Inseln, Jeg. Rock). Da die Gebilde steril sind, ist leider eine sichere Bestim-
mung nicht méglich.
Pharcidia Schaereri Arn. in Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Bd 21 (1871) p. 1145;
Vouavux in Bull. soc. myc. France, vol. 28 (1912) p. 229.
Auf dem Thallus und den Apothecien von Calopflaca Selkirki Zahibr., Masatierra,
Bahia del Padre. — Sporen 12—15X3 y, meist mit 2 Scheidewanden. Auch Vouavx l. c, gibt
bereits an, dass gelegentlich 2—3 Scheidewinde vorkommen. Es ist daher zu fragen, ob die
Art nicht besser bei Sphaeru/ina untergebracht wire.
Capnodium spec.
Auf dem Thallus und den Apothecien von Psovoma saccatum (R. Br.); Masatierra,
Salsipuedes. — Ein auf den beireffenden Zweigen nur in Form eines sterilen Zoru/a-Myzel
entwickeltes Capmodium greift auch auf die Flechte iiber,
Mycobilimbia (ex. aff. azomea Sacc.).
Auf Sticta carfoloma Del., Masatierra, Salsipuedes, — Auf dem Thallus finden sich
schwarze Klimpchen, welche aus in einander fliessenden, meist lirellenférmigen Apothecien
bestehen. Es dirfte eine neue Art aus der Verwandtschaft von J. anomea Sacc. vorliegen,
doch konnte dieselbe nicht beschrieben werden, da nur weniges und zudem schlecht ent-
wickeltes Material zur Hand war. Schlauche cylindrisch-keulig, mit kurzem aber deutlichem
Stiel, namentlich an der Spitze stark verdickt, c. 7o—90 X 15—18 », I+ (erst gelb, dann griin-
lich, schliesslich blau), K —; Sporen 8, annahernd 2-reihig, farblos, linglich, mit 3 Wanden und
ungefahr quadratischen Zellen, ca. 21—25%8. Paraphysen farblos, etwas langer als die
Schlauche, verastelt, etwas gebogen, aber kein eigentliches Epithecium bildend (vielleicht zu-
riickgeblieben).
Printed ‘/s 1924.
PLATE 22.
Vol. 11,
Nat. Hist. Fuan Fernandez and Faster [sl.
*
4 82 0 Brvaceta tay ser oetaes yr
9%. Ileischmann ad nat, pinx.
Wat. Hist. Ffuan Fernandez and Easter [sl. Vol, I.
PA ~
EN
Se
Te aG
>”, 3
y
¥. Fleischmann ad nat. pinx.
. 12 The Musci of the Juan Fernandez Islands.
By
V. F. BROTHERUS.
With 2 plates (26—27).
Dr. C. BERTERO, well known for his important collection of vascular
plants made during several months’ residence in Masatierra in 1830, was also the
first who contributed to our knowledge of the Juan Fernandez mosses, of which
MONTAGNE enumerates 17 species... So far as I have been able to identify
these without having access to the original specimens, they have been included
in my list. Mr. E. C. REED later collected a few species which were deter-
mined by MITTEN (REED is not mentioned, but is identical with »Mr. SAUN-
DER’s collector») together with the collection made by Mr. MOSELEyY during
the Challenger expedition, and published by HEMSLEy in the Challenger
Report, vol. I. Finally, JoHow compiled a list of all species quoted for Juan
Fernandez.” A revised copy of this is found at the end of my paper.
In August 1908, Professor SKOTTSBERG spent 8 days in the islands; after
his return, the small collection of mosses was handed over, together with
ample material from Chile, Fuegia etc., to M. JULES CARpDOY. The preliminary
list of CARDOT contained 38 species, of which 19 were labelled as new. Un-
fortunately, M. CarRDOT did not get an opportunity to publish his report before
the War, and during the occupation of Charleville by the German army a part
of his herbarium was lost, including the mosses from Juan Fernandez, of which
no descriptions had been prepared. This loss is the more to be regretted as
SKOTTSBERG, in his sketch of the vegetation, had inserted the names of the
mosses.*? Undoubtedly the greater part of these was found again in I19I16—17,
and many of the species described below must have been among CARDOT's
material, but as it is of course quite impossible to arrive at any safe conclusion
in this matter, the following names, written by CARDOT on the labels and
published by SKOTTSBERG, will always remain nomina nuda and have
to disappear: Axoectangium fernandezianum, Bartramia leptophylla, bryum fer-
nandezianum, Campylopus fernandestanus, C. fuscoluteus, Didymodon oligodontus,
Prodromus Florae Fernandezianae. Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 3, vol. 4.
Estudios sobre la Flora de las Islas de Juan Fernandez. Santiago 1896.
Studien ttber die Vegetation der Juan Fernandez-Inseln. K, Svenska Vet.-Akad. Hand.
Bd. 51, No. 9.
1
2
3
410 V. F. BROTHERUS
Fissideus brachyloma, F. curvinervis, F. fernandezianus, Isopterygium fernan-
dezianum, Philonotis litorea, Rhaphidostegium prostratum, Rhynchostegiella lep-
foneura, Rhynchostegium concavifolium, Kh. planirameum, Rigodium acuminatum,
R. eleganiulum, Streptocalypta fernandeziana, Trichostomum fernandestanum.
The species in the 1908 collection identified by CARDOT with species
known before but not found again in I916—1I7 are quoted in my list and
designated »SKOTTSBERG 1908».
During their expedition in 1916—17 Professor and Mrs. SKOTTSBERG spent
five months on Masatierra and Masafuera and brought back a considerable
moss collection studied by the author. The result is published here. The ‘col-
lectors are in all cases where no other name appears, C. and I. SKOTTSBERG.
Up to now 128 species have beer reported from the island, of which
47 so far are endemic.
Ditrichaceae.
Pleuridium Brid.
P. Robinsonii (Mont.) Mitt.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO).
Aireaseenile:
Ditrichum Timm.
D. affine (C. Mill.) Hamp.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra; ad marginem viae, c. 575 m. s. m.
). Ad terram humidam secus viam ad Portezuelo; c. 450 m. s. m. (33) et
c. 550 m. s. m. (78). Portezuelo, Co. Piramide; 600 m. s. m. (34).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; ad rupem in silva (32). Correspon-
dencia; 1100 m. s. m. (80).
Area: Chile, Patagonia, East Australia, New Zealand.
D. longisetum (Hamp.) Jaeg.
Masafuera: Prope Las Torres; ad terram siccam, apertam; c. 1360
m. s. m. (81). Las Torres; ad rupem humidam; 1370 m. s. m. (82). Correspon-
dencia; ad moles; c. 1350 m. s. m. (83). Prope Las Torres; ad rupes; c. 1370
m. s. m. (84, fo. microcarpa).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia, Fuegia.
Ceratodon Brid.
C. purpureus (L.) Brid.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances; ad saxa (35, fo. foliis nervo crassiore in-
structis).
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 4II
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado; ad terram siccam (36). Quebrada
Casas; ad moles (99) et ad saxa (100).
Area: Cosmopolitan.
Pottiaceae.
Hymenostomum k. br.
H. Kunzeanum (C. Mill.) Broth.
Masatierra: Secus viam ad Portezuelo; c. 475 m. s. m. (102).
Area: Chile.
Gymnostomum Hedw.
G. caleareum Bryol. germ.
Masatierra: Valle Colonial (372).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Vacas (373).
Area: Europe, Azores, North Africa, Caucasus, Himalaya, Sibiria, North
America, Ecuador, Chile, East Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
Trichostomum Hedw.
T. brachydontium Bruch.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; ad moles (103).
Area: Europe, Caucasus, Algier, Marocco, Madeira, Canary Is]., Bourbon,
Japan, New Zealand.
Dicranaceae.
Amphidium Nees; Bryol. eur.
A. cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (MOSELEY); Portezuelo de Villagra; c.
450 m. s. m. Salsipuedes; ad rupes, 464 m. s. m. (58). Quebrada Danajuana;
ad rupes: 345 m. s. m. (77).
Masafuera: secus viam inter Quebrada de las Casas et Papal; ad rupes;
200 m. s. m. (57). Quebrada del Blindado; 440 m. s. m. (478).
Area: East and South Africa, Cameroons, Ecuador, Chile, East Australia,
Tasmania, New Zealand.
412 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
Dicranella Schimp.
D. costata Broth. n. sp.
Dioica; tenella, caespitosa, caespitibus laxis, laete viridibus, vix nitidius-
culis. Caulis erectus, vix ultra 2 mm altus, infima basi fusco-radiculosus, dense
foliosus, simplex. Folia infima minuta, superiora multo majora, sicca flexuosula,
humida e basi semivaginante, oblonga sensim in laminam patentem, canaliculato-
concavam, lanceolato-subulatam, obtusiusculam vel obtusam attenuata, c. 2,5
mm longa et usque ad 0,3 mm lata, marginibus erectis, superne dense serrulatis;
nervo viridi, basi bene limitato ibidemque c. 0,75 mm lato, usque ad apicem
a lamina distincto, continuo vel subcontinuo; cellulis laminalibus minutis, sub-
quadratis vel breviter rectangularibus, chlorophyllosis, basilaribus raptim multo
majoribus, rectangularibus, teneris, hyalinis. Bracteae perichaetii foliis similes,
sed altius vaginantes, lamina longiore. Seta 5—7 mm alta, stricta, tenuissima,
straminea. Theca erecta, regularis, e collo brevi, crassiusculo ovalis, I mm vel
paulum ultra longa et c. 0,5 mm crassa, sicca 8 costata, urnacea, fusca, nitidiuscula;
cellulis exothecii parenchymaticis, laxis, leptodermibus, ad orificium minoribus.
Exostomii dentes ultra medium divisi, cruribus inaequalibus, rubri, longitudi-
naliter striati. Spori 20—22 w, fusci, papillosi. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: ad terram humidam, humosam secus viam ad Portezuelo de
Villagra, una cum Dutricho affint; c. 450 m. s. m. (1). Portezuelo de Villagra;
ad marginem viae; c. 575 m. s. m.
Masafuera: Cerro Correspondencia; ad ligna putrida parce; c. 1140
am Sy son, |),
Species ob thecam regularem, costatam cum JD. crzspa (Ehrh.) Schimp.
comparanda, sed notis caeteris diversissima.
Oncophorus Brid.
O. fuegianus Card.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas, ad rivulos sat frequenter (477).
Area: Patagonia, Fuegia.
Dicranoloma (Ren.) Ren.
D. fernandezianum Broth. n. sp.
Robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, pallide glauco-viri-
dibus, dein lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis. Caulis erectus vel adscendens, usque
ad 5 cm altus, basi fusco-tomentosus, inferne plerumque foliis destructis, dein
dense foliosus, dichotome ramosus vel simplex. Folia falcatula, carinato-con-
cava, e basi oblonga sensim lanceolato-subulata, c. 8 mm longa et c. 0, mm
lata, superne argute serrata, limbata, limbo hyalino, inferne c. 0,5 mm lata,
superne sensim angustiore; nervo tenul, in aristam plus minusve longam, argute
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 413
serratam excedente, dorso superne serrato; cellulis laminalibus linearibus, in-
crassatis, inter se porosis, basilaribus internis abbreviatis, luteis, alaribus nume-
rosis, rotundato-hexagonis et quadratis, fusco-aureis. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: inter valles Piedra agujereada et Laura, 650 m. s. m, ad
truncos et ad terram (3). Salsipuedes; ad truncos; c. 960 m. s. m. (37).
Species D. Dusenzi (Broth.) Broth. affinis, sed foliis haud fragilibus, superne
argute serratis jam dignoscenda.
D. capillifolium (Broth.) Broth. comb. nov.
Leucoloma capillifolium Broth. in Arkiv for Botanik Bd. 4. N:o 1, p. 35
(1905).
Masatierra: In jugo Centinela; ad truncos (45). Co. Piramide; ad truncos
putridos; c. 600 m. s. m. (44). Salsipuedes; ad truncos putridos Dicksoniae;
660 m. s. m. (43).
Area: W. Patagonia, Chile.
D. capillifolioides Broth. n. sp.
Gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, lutescenti-viridibus, hic illic
inferne rubescentibus, nitidis. Caulis usque ad 3 cm altus, adscendens, parce
radiculosus, dense foliosus, simplex vel ramosus. Folia falcata, canaliculato-
concava, subconvolutacea, e basi breviter decurrente, lanceolata vel oblonga
sensim longissime angustata, capillaria, usque ad I,; mm longa; nervo tenui,
in aristam serrulatum longe excedente; cellulis laminalibus linearibus, inter se
porosis, marginalibus inferioribus in pluribus seriebus angustissimis, limbum intus
haud bene limitatum efformantibus; alaribus numerosis, magnis, subquadratis,
saepe decoloratis. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: Los Inocentes; ad truncum Drzmydis in Dicksonieto; 950—
1000 m. s. m. (46).
Species praecedenti affinis, sed foliis cellulis ubique linearibus nec superne
abbreviatis dignoscenda.
D. Menziesii (Tayl.) Par.
Masatierra: El] Yunque, ad truncos; 4—500 m. s. m. (508).
Area: Chile, East Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Auckland and
Norfolk Isl.
var. fernandezsianum Card. in Soc. Havr. p. 4 (1921).
Folia longiora (10 mm), marginibus validius denticulatis, cellulis quadratis,
majoribus (mediis 15 y. longis et 10 ». latis).
Masatierra: (BERTERO).
D. Billardieri (Schwaegr.) Par.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO); In jugo prope Pangal et
Centinela; 795 m. s. m. (42). In silva secus viam ad Portezuelo (4). Portezuelo
414 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
de Villagra; ad rupes, 575—590 m. s. m. (5, 38, 39). Salsipuedes; in silva (6).
Salsipuedes; in fruticeto jugi lapidosi; 615 m. s. m. (41); 625 m. s. m.
(7, 40).
Masafuera: c. 1000 m. s. m. (SKOTTSBERG 1908).
Area: Peru, Chile, W. Patagonia, Fuegia, Falkland Isl., Australia, Tas-
mania, New Zealand, Auckland and Campbell Isl.
D. nigricaule ‘Aongstr.) Par.
Masafuera: Cerro Correspondencia; 1150 m. s. m. (43).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia, Fuegia.
Campylopus Brid.
C. introflexus (Hedw.) Mitt.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BEKTERO); ad terram + apertam secus
viam ad Portezuelo (8, 9). Portezuelo de Villagra; ad rupem praeruptam; c. 600
m. s. m. (10). Puerto Ingles; in jugo; 575-m. s. m. (56).
Area: Alabama, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Ascencion, St. Helena, Tristan
da Cunha, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Auckland, Campbell, Marion Isl.
C. truncatus C. Mill.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO).
Masafuera: c. 1000 m. s. m. (SKOTTSBERG 1908).
Area: Chile.
C. polytrichoides De Not.
Masatierra: Cordon escarpado, El Pico, ad moles.
Area: West and south Europe, Algier, Madeira, Azores.
C. (Palinocraspis) aberrans Broth. n. sp.
Dioicus; gracilescens, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, rigidis, superne
lutescentibus vel rubescentibus, inferne nigrescentibus, opacis. Caulis erectus,
2—3 cm altus, fusco-tomentosus, dense et aequaliter foliosus, simplex vel ra-
mosus, ramis fastigiatis. Folia sicca arcte imbricata, humida erecto-patentia,
canaliculato-concava, e basi lineari sensim lanceolato-acuminata, mutica, obtusa
vel pilo brevissimo, comalia pilo brevi, stricto, hyalino, serrulato terminata,
3-5 mm longa et usque ad 0,7 mm lata, marginibus integris; nervo basi
tertiam partem vel paulum ultra folii occupante, continuo, dorso laevi, fasciculo
stereidarum dorsali et ventrali instructo; cellulis laminalibus ultra medium folii
rhombeis, incrassatis, lumine elliptico, inferioribus elongate rectangularibus,
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 415
teneris, hyalinis, secus margines alte adscendentibus, alaribus teneris, hyalinis
vel fuscis, in ventrem dispositis. Sporogonia plura ex eodem perichaetio. Seta
c. 3 mm alta, cygnea lutea, sicca demum flexuoso-erecta, fusca, superne scabe-
rula. Theca erecta, regularis, breviter oblonga, atrofusca, plicata. Calyptra
cucullata, basi fimbriata.
Masatierra: In jugo Centinela; 530 m. s. m. (14). In jugo inter Pangal
et vallem Anson, inter moles; 360 m. s. m. (51). Ad terram subapertam reg.
silv. secus viam ad Portezuelo (11, 12). Salsipuedes, in campo 500 m. s. m.
(53), in fissuris rupium, c. 600 m. s. m. (50) nec non in fruticeto jugi lapidosi,
625 m..s. m.-(13). -Villagra, ad terram™cj<200°m~ snr) (52). Tres’ 'Puntas (45,
f. depauperata).
Masafuera: ad saxa et rupes in valle Casas (16). Loberia, in litore ma-
rino (47). In campo supra Chozas, c. 850 m. s. m. (49, forma). Los Inocentes,
loco aperto Dicksonieti, 8—g50 m. s. m. (48).
var. viridis Broth. n. var.
Caespites laete virides, nitidiusculi. Folia sicca suberecta, haud imbricata,
longius et angustius acuminata, nervo angustiore. Sterilis.
Masatierra: Cordon de los Chifladores; in silva sat aperta; c. 350
im. Ss. om. (17).
Species valde peculiaris, nervo stereideis ventralibus instructo jam digno-
scenda.
C. areodictyon (C. Miill.) Mitt.
Masafuera: Cerro Correspondencia; ad ligna putrida; 1100 m. s. m. (18).
Area: Guatemala, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Bolivia.
C. (Atrichi) subareodictyon Broth. sp. nov.
Dioicus; gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus laxis, laete viridibus, nitidiusculis.
Caulis erectus, vix ultra 2 mm altus, fusco-tomentosus, dense foliosus, simplex.
Folia patentia, sicca erectiora, canaliculato-concava, e basi oblonga sensim
elongate lanceolato-subulata, c. 3 mm vel paulum ultra longa et usque ad 0,3
mm lata, marginibus superne subconniventibus ibidemque serrulatis; nervo basi
dimidiam partem folii occupante, breviter excedente, cellulis dorsalibus sterei-
deis, ventralibus laxis, inanibus; cellulis laminalibus minutis, quadratis, chloro-
phyllosis, dein breviter rectangularibus, basilaribus rectangularibus, teneris, hya-
linis, marginalibus angustioribus, alaribus paucis, teneris, fragilibus. Caetera
ignota.
Masafuera: ad truncos + putridos in silva inter Sanchez et Toltén; 515
Mite S241, (LO):
Species praecedenti valde affinis, sed foliis angustioribus, superne serru-
latis, nervo angustiore cellulisque Jaminalibus superioribus quadratis dignoscenda.
416 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
C. (Atrichi) blindioides Broth. n. sp:
Gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, viridibus, opacis. Caulis erectus,
usque ad 2 cm altus, parce fusco-radiculosus, dense et aequaliter foliosus, sim-
plex. Folia sicca suberecta, humida erecto-patentia, canaliculato-concava. e basi
ovata vel breviter oblonga sensim lanceolata-subulata, usque ad 4 mm longa,
superne minute serrulatis; nervo basi tertiam partem folii occupante con-
tinuo, cellulis dorsalibus stereideis, ventralibus laxis, inanibus; cellulis lamina-
libus rhombeis, haud incrassatis, superioribus minoribus, dein sensim majoribus,
basilaribus multo majoribus, laxe rectangularibus, teneris, hyalinis, alaribus
laxis, teneris, hyalinis, in ventrem dispositis. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Vacas; ad saxa cataractae (60).
Species habitu L/izdzs nonnullis similis.
Thysanomitrium Schwaegr.
Th. Richardi Schwaegr.
Masatierra: In trajectu Villagra; ad rupes praeruptas; c. 600 m. s. m.
(20, 21, 22). Ad rupem secus viam ad Portezuelo; c. 475 m (23). Ad antrum
Robinsonii dictum (forma).
Masafuera: Correspondencia; ad terram; 1100 m. s. m. (24). Supra
Chozas; ad terram; c. 850 m. s. m. (26). Cordén del Barril; ad terram lapi-
dosam (25). Quebrada de las Casas (203 p. p.).
Area: Costarica, Guadaloupe, Brazil, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru,
Chile.
Th. leptodus (Mitt.).
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (MOSELEY).
Masafuera: C. 1000 m (SROTTSBERG 1908).
Area: Chile, New Zealand.
Dicnemonaceae.
Eucamptodon Mont.
E. perichaetialis Mont.
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril; ad truncum Drimydis (31).
Atea; Chile,
Fissidentaceae.
F. (Bryoideum) fernandezianus Broth. n. sp. — Plate 26, fig. 1—4.
Gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, rigidis, viridissimis, opacis. Caulis
procumbens, vix ultra I cm altus, cum foliis usque ad 2 mm latus, basi fusco-
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 417
radiculosus, densa foliosus, plerumque simplex. Folia multijuga. sicca homo-
mallula, humida_ stricta, erecto-patentia, infima minuta, dein raptim multo ma-
joria, aequalia, lanceolato-ligulata, apiculata, integra, ubique limbata, limbo an-
gustissimo, hyalino, lamina vera ultra medium folii producta, lamina dorsali ad
basin nervi enata ibidemque rotundata; nervo albido, subcontinuo; cellulis
minutissimis; rotundatis, chlorophyllosis, laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Valle de Anson prope Plazoleta; ad saxum humo obtectum;
c. 250 m. s. m. (86).
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia; ad terram et saxa; c. 280 m.s. m. (85).
Species valde peculiaris, habitu amblyothallioideo oculo nudo jam digno-
scenda.
F. (Pachylomidium) crassicuspes Broth. sp. nov. — Plate 26, fig. 5—8.
Tenellus, gregarie crescens, mollis, laete viridis, opacus. Caulis vix ultra
3 mm altus, cum foliis c. 2 mm latus, infima basi fusco-radiculosus, dense
foliosus, simplex. Folia c. 7 juga, sicca vix mutata, erecto-patentia, stricta,
intima minuta, dein raptim multo majora, inferiora late lanceolata, comalia
longiora, lineari-lanceolata, omnia in aristam contracta, ubique limbata, limbo
crasso, continuo; lamina vera ultra medium folii producta, lamina dorsalis ad
basin nervi enata ibidemque angustata; nervo albido, excedente unacum limbo
confluente aristam crassam efformante; cellulis laminalibus angulato-rotundatis,
basilaribus internis oblongis, omnibus laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: V. Colonial, Quebrada seca; ad terram; 435 m. s. m, (26).
Species /*. crassiped: Wils. affinis, sed foliis aristatis jam dignoscenda.
F. rigidulus Hook. fil. et Wils.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana; ad saxa cataractae (63). Pangal; ad
saxa cataractae; 205 m. s. m. (64). Quebrada Juanango; ad cataractam (375).
Cerro Chumacera; ad rupem humidam (65),
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (27). Quebrada de las Vacas; ad
saxa cataractae (28). Quebrada de la Loberia; in rivulo (99).
Area: Ecuador, Chile, W. Patagonia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
F. leptochaete P. Dus.
Masatierra: Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca; ad terram unacum /. cras-
sicuspide parcissime (26 p. p.).
Area: Chile.
F. maschalanthus Mont.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana; 345 m. s. m. (374). Valle de Anson
pr. Plazoleta; ad saxum humo obtectum; c. 250 m.s. m. (91). Cumberland Bay;
27—2391. The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Ist. Vok. II.
418 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
ad parietem cavernae (27728, 66/68, 92/98). Ad terram humidam, humosam
secus viam ad Portezuelo; c. 450 m. s. m. (30). Portezuelo de Villagra; ad
rupem praeruptam; 570 m. s. m. (70).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; ad terram in angustiis; 570 m. s. m.
(29). Quebrada da las Casas; ad rupem (73). Quebrada del Blindado; ad terram
et ad saxa; 440 m. s. m. (72). Correspondencia; 1150 m. s. m. (71).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia.
F. (Amblyothallia) pyenotylus Broth. sp. nov. — Plate 26, fig. 9—12.
Gracilescens, caespitosus, caespitibus rigidis, densis, late extensis, fusce-
scenti-viridibus, opacis. Caulis erectus, vix ultra I cm altus, cum follis c. 3
inm latus, infima basi fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, plerumque simplex. Folia
c. 12 juga, erecto-patentia, sicca homomalla, infima minuta, dein raptim multo
majora, ligulata, obtusissima, crenulata, elimbata; lamina vera ultra medium
folii enata; lamina dorsalis paulum ultra basin nervi enata; nervo crassissimo,
rufescente, infra apicem folii evanido; cellulis laminalibus angulato-rotundatis,
basilaribus externis angustis, omnibus pellucidis, laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Ad rupes praeruptus in. trajectu Villagra; c. 600 m. s. m.
(30, 69).
Species praecedenti valde affinis, sed foliis nervo multo crassiore digno-
scenda.
F. asplenioides (Sw.) Hedw.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO, E. C. REED).
Area: Costarica, Jamaica, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilia, Madeira,
Canary Isl., W. Africa, Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Queensland.
Leptodontium Hamp.
L. fernandezianum Broth. n. sp. — Plate 26, fig. 13—15.
Robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, mollibus, late extensis,
ochraceis. Caulis erectus, usque ad 11 cm altus, flexuosus, vix radiculosus,
dense foliosus, dichotome ramosus. Folia sicca adpressa, crispata, humida
carinato-concava, e basi brevi, erecta, superne dilatata sensim in laminam pa-
tentem, lanceolatam attenuata, c. 5 mm longa, marginibus ultra medium folii
late revolutis, dein erectis, minute et irregulariter serrulatis; nervo luteo, infra
summum apicem folii evanido, dorso papilloso; cellulis laminalibus minutis,
rotundatis, incrassatis, verrucosis, pellucidis, basilaribus angustissime linearibus,
superioribus seriatim papillosis, inferioribus luteis, laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: Correspondencia; in campo; c. 1400 m. s. m. (105).
Species L. Juteo (Tayl.) Mitt. affinis, sed foliis superne minute et irregula-
riter serrulatis, pellucidis dignoscenda.
THR MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 419
Didymodon Hedw.
D. (Erythrophyllum) calymperidictyon Broth. n. sp. — Plate 26, fig.
16—20.
Tenellus, caespitosus, caespitibus laxiusculis, glaucoviridibus. Caulis
erectus, vix ultra 2 mm altus, basi fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, simplex.
Folia sicca crispatula, humida patentia, subcarinato-concava, infima minuta, dein
sensim majora, linearia, obtusiuscula, mucronata, usque ad 1,4 mm longa et c.
0,25 mm lata, marginibus erectis, apice dentibus paucis aculeiformibus instructis;
nervo rufescente, infra summum apicem folii evanido, dorso superne scabro;
cellulis laminalibus angulato-rotundatis, chlorophyllosis, dense verrucosis, sub-
obscuris, basilaribus internis laxis, teneris, oblongo-hexagonis, hyalinis, externis
linearibus, limbum brevem 3—4 seriatum, lutescentem efformantibus. Caetera
ignota.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana; ad terram; 345 m. s. m. (107).
Species distinctissima, foliorum forma et areolatione dignoscenda.
D. (Erythrophyllum) linearis Broth. n. sp.
Gracilis, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, rufescentibus. Caulis erectus, usque
ad 1 cm altus, inferne fusco-tomentosus, dense foliosus, simplex. Folia sicca
crispula, humida erecto-patentia, carinato-concava, linearia, acutiuscula, mucro-
nata, usque ad 2 mm longa et c. 0,3 mm lata, marginibus erectis, apice den-
tatis; nervo rufescente, infra summum apicem folii evanido, dorso superne
scabro; cellulis laminalibus minutis, quadratis, verrucosis, subobscursis, basila-
ribus internis laxis, teneris, breviter rectangularibus, externis in seriebus non-
nullis linearibus, laevissimis. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: Ad rivulum prope Correspondencia; 1100 m. s. m. (380).
Species distinctissima, cum LD. ,udel/o (Hoffm.) Bryol. eur. et D. alpzgenae
Vent. comparanda, sed foltis linearibus, marginibus erectis jam dignoscenda.
Tortula Hedw.
T. scabrinervis (C. Mill.) Mitt.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra; ad rupes; 590 m. s. m., (121).
Area: Chile:
T, flagellaris (Schimp.) Mont.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO).
Area: Chile.
Grimmiaceae.
Grimmia Ebrh.
G. phyllorhizans Broth. n. sp. — Plate 26, fig. 21—24.
Dioica? tenella, pulvinata, pulvinulis parvis, griseis. Caulis erectus, vix
ultra 3 mm altus, infima basi parce fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, ramosus.
420 V. F. BROTHERUS
Folia sicca laxe imbricata, humida suberecta, unistratosa, superne filis nume-
rosis, dense ramosis, fuscis instructa, oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa,
infima minuta, mutica, superiora multo majora, usque ad I mm vel paulum
ultra longa, pilo longissimo, serrulato terminata, marginibus erectis, integris;
nervo tenui, continuo; cellulis laminalibus minutissimis, quadratis, haud sinuosis,
chlorophyllosis, laevissimis, basilaribus multo majoribus, internis breviter rectan-
gularibus, marginalibus in pluribus seriebus quadratis, pellucidis. Bracteae
perichaetii foliis similes. Seta cygnea, 2,5 mm vel paulum ultra alta, tenuis,
lutea. Theca minutissima, ovalis, sicca indistincte costata, fuscidula. Operculum
alte convexum, obtusum. Calyptra ignota.
Masatierra: Villagra; ad saxa (129).
Species pulchella, minutie omnium partium oculo nudo jam dignoscenda,
Gr. Donianae Sm. habitu similis.
Rhacomitrium Brid.
R. subnigritum (C. Miill.) Par.
Masatierra: Quebrada de las Vacas;.ad moles rivuli (130, 131).
Masafuera: Correspondencia; ad moles rivuli; 1100 m. s. m. (132).
Area: W. Patagonia, Fuegia.
R. symphyodontum (C. Miill.) Jaeg.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra, ad rupes praeruptas; 575 m. s. m.
(133) et c. 600 m. s. m. (134). Salsipuedes; in jugo lapidoso; 625 m. s. m. (144).
Masafuera: Cerro Correspondencia; ad moles campestres; c. 1400 m. s. m.
(135, 136). Correspondencia; ad moles campestres; c. 1200 m. s. m. (146), c.
1350 m. s. m. (137), 1360 m. s. m. (138) et c. 1400 m. s. m. (139). Correspon-
dencia; ad rivulum; c. 1100 m. s. m. (140). In terra substerili prope Las
Portes; -c:/ 1360 m. s. m. (141).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia, Fuegia, Falkland Isl., Tasmania, New Zealand.
R. striatipilum Card.
Masafuera: In jugo supra Quebrada del Pasto; ad moles; c. 1250 m. s. m.
(142). Prope Las Torres; ad rupes; c. 1370 m. s. m. (143).
Area: Chile, Fuegia, South Georgia.
R. lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid.
Masafuera: In cacumine montis Inocentes; in campo; c. 1500 m. s. m.
(145). Correspondencia; in campo; c. 1400 m. s. m. (146) et 1360 m. s. m. (285).
Area: Cosmopolitan.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 421
R. loriforme Dus.
Masafuera: Correspondencia; in campo; c. 1350 m. s. m. (147). Paseo
de las Cabras; in campo; 11—1200 m. s. m. (148).
Area: W. Patagonia.
R. convolutum Mont.
Masafuera: c. 1000 m. s. m. (SKOTTSBERG 1908).
Area: Chile.
Ptychomitriaceae.
Ptychomitrium (Bruch.) Fiirnr.
P. fernandezianum (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Masatierra;: Sine loco designato (BERTERO, MOSELEY). Salsipuedes; ad
rupes; c. 500 m. s. m. (122). Villagra; ad moles (123).
Masafuera: Ad rupes litoreas inter Casas et Mono (127). Ensenada
Toltén; ad moles (128).
var. majus Broth. n. var.
Folia longiora (c. 3 mm), angustius acuminata. Seta c. 5 mm alta.
Theca major.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana; 345 m. s. m. Quebrada del Monte
Maderugo; ad rupem praeruptam (124).
Masafuera: In valle Casas; ad saxa et rupes (125, 126).
Area: Endemic.
Orthotrichaceae.
Zygodon Hook. et Tayl.
Z. obovalis Mitt. in Hemsley, Challenger Rep. Bot. I, p. 79.
Masatierra: (E. C. REED).
Z. Menziesii (Schwaegr.) W.-Arn.
Masatierra: Valle Anson, prope Plazoleta; ad truncos putridos; 260
mi, S-- m..{374),
Area: Chile, East Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
422 V. F. BROTHERUS
Stenomitrium (Mitt.) Broth.
S. pentastichum (Mont.) Broth.
Masafuera: Las Torres; ad rupes; 1350 m. s. m. (156). In campo prope
Correspondencia; c. 1100 m. s. m. (152) et c. 1400 m. s. m. (157). Cordon del
Barril; ad rupes; 900—1000 m. s. m, (153) et ad truncos (154). In cacumine
montis Inocentes; 1480 m. s. m. (155, 159). In jugo in viciniis montis Ino-
centes; ad truncos Drimydis; c. 1000 m, s. m. (158).
Area: Chile und W. Patagonia.
Ulota Mohr.
U. rufula (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Masafuera: Cordon de Barril; ad truncos Drzmydis (165).
Area: Chile.
Macromitrium Brid.
M. hymenostomum Mont.
Masatierra: In jugo prope Tres Puntas (159).
Area: Chile.
M. saxatile Mitt.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO); ad truncos Drzmydis secus
viam ad Portezuelo (160). Portezuelo de Villagra; ad truncos Drimydis; 575
m. s. m. (161). Salsipuedes; in fruticeto; 625 m. s. m. (162).
Masafuera: In monte Inocentes; ad truncos Drzmydis. In jugo in viciniis
montis Inocentes; ad truncos Drimydis; c. 950 m. s. m. (163, 164).
Area: Endemic.
M. (Goniostoma) fernandezianum Broth. n. sp. — Plate 26, fig. 25—28.
Gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, rigidis, late extensis, viri-
dibus, aetate fuscescentibus, opacis. Caulis elongatus, repens, dense ramosus,
ramis 5—IO mm longis, erectis vel adscendentibus, dense foliosis, simplicibus
vel parce ramulosis, obtusis. Folia ramea sicca + distincte spiraliter contorta,
humida erecto-patentia, carinato-concava, anguste lanceolata, acutiuscula vel
obtusiuscula, 2—2,5 mm longa, integerrima; nervo crassiusculo, infra summam
apicem folii evanido; cellulis laminalibus rotundatis, haud incrassatis, c. O,or0
mm, pellucidis, laevissimis, basilaribus internis ovalibus, marginalibus in seriebus
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 423
nonnullis linearibus, ad plicas papillis altis instructis. Bracteae perichaetii foliis
similes. Seta c. 3 mm alta, tenuis, rubra, laevissima. Theca minuta, ovalis,
fusco-rubra, laevissima, microstoma, ore laevi. Peristomium O. Calyptra nuda.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances, Loma Incienso; ad truncum Myrceugeniae
(172). In jugo inter valles Piedra agujereada et Laura; 650 m. s. m. (171).
In declivi septemtrionali montis Yunque; ad truncos arborum silvae; 4—500
m. s. m. (166). Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca; ad truncos arborum; 435
m. s. m. (167). Portezuelo de Villagra; ad Berberidem; c. 600 m. s. m. (170).
Salsipuedes; ad A/yrceugentam (169). Puerto Ingles; in silva sicca jugi lapidosi;
c. 550 m. s. m. (168).
Species MW. asperulo Mitt. affinis, sed foliis cellulis laminalibus pellucidis,
laevissimis, basilaribus internis ovalibus nec non theca multo minore, ore laevi
dignoscenda.
M. (Goniostoma) Masafuerae Broth. n. sp. — Plate 26, fig. 29, 32.
Gracile, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, viridibus, opacis. Caulis
elongatus, repens, dense ramosus, ramis erectis, vix ultra 2 mm longis, dense
foliosis, simplicibus, obtusis. Folia sicca indistincte spiraliter contorta, humida
erecto-patentia, carinato-concava, lineari-lanceolata, obtusa, mucronata, c. 1,7
mm longa, integerrima; nervo crassiusculo, infra summum apicem folii evanido;
cellulis laminalibus quadratis, O,00o5—O,oo7 mm, haud incrassatis, laevissimis,
basilaribus internis ovalibus, marginalibus in seriebus nonnullis linearibus, ad
plicas sublaevibus. Bracteae perichaetii foliis similes. Seta 3—4 mm alta,
tenuis, rubra, laevissima. Theca minuta, ovalis, fusco-rubra, laevissima, micro-
stoma, ore laevi. Peristomium simplex. Exostomii dentes pallidi, papillosi.
Calyptra subnuda.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; ad truncos Myrceugentae: 475 m. s. m.
(173).
Species praecedenti affinis, sed foliorum forma, cellulis laminalibus mino-
ribus, basilaribus ad plicas sublaevibus peristomioque facillime dignoscenda.
Funariaceae.
Funaria Schreb.
F. hygrometrica (L.) Sibth.
Masatierra: Cordon Centinela; loco deusto (174). Valle Colonial. Puerto
Ingles.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; ad saxa (226, 231).
Area: Cosmopolitan.
424 V. F. BROTHERUS
Bryaceae.
Mielichhoferia Hornsch.
M. longiseta C. Mill.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (MOSELEY in HEMSLEY, Challenger Re-
port Bot. L).
Area: Ecuador.
Bryum Dill.
B. Lechleri C. Mill.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (SKOTTSBERG 1908).
Ame a. Chile:
B. (Apalodictyum) fernandezianum Broth. n. sp.
Dioicum; tenellum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, late extensis, laete viri-
dibus, nitidiusculis. Caulis erectus, vix ultra I cm altus, inferne fusco-tomentosus,
dense foliosus, innovando ramosus, innovationibus brevibus, erectis, aequaliter
foliosis. Folia caulina sicca imbricata, humida erecto-patentia, carinato-concava,
infima minuta, superiora sensim majora, oblonga, breviter acuminata, aristata,
lamina usque ad 1,3 mm longa et usque ad 0,5 mm lata, marginibus erectis,
integerrimis; nervo crassiusculo, rufescente, in aristam longiusculam, integram
excedente; cellulis oblongo-hexagonis, teneris, basilaribus rectangularibus, mar-
ginalibus angustis, limbum indistinctum efformantibus. Folia innovationum
minora, brevius aristata. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Puerto Ingles, in declivi litorali humido (189).
Masafuera: In caverna litorali pr. vallem Casas (183). Quebrada de las
Vacas; ad terram (187).
Species Br. Criigert Hamp. affinis, sed foliis nervo crassiusculo in aristam
excedente instructis dignoscenda.
Leptostomaceae.
Leptostomum R. Br.
L. Menziesii (Hook.) R. Br.
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril; ad truncos Drimydis Winteri (106).
Area: Patagonia, Fuegia.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 425
Eustichiaceae.
Eustichia (Brid.) Mitt.
E. Poeppigii (C. Mill.) Par.
Masatierra: Puerto Ingles; ad rupes praeruptas; c. 450 m. s. m. (149).
Portezuelo de Villagra; ad rupes in silva; c. 575 m. s. m. (150, 367).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Vacas;.ad rupes humidas (151). Quebrada
de las Casas; ad rupes et ad saxa (194).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia.
Rhizogoniaceae.
Rhizogonium Brid.
Rh. Novae Hollandiae Brid. var. patagonicum Card. et. Broth.
Masatierra: Cord6én Salsipuedes; raro; 660 m. s. m. (190).
Area: Patagonia.
Rh. mnioides (Hook.) Schimp.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; c. 200 m. s. m. (192). Campo Cor-
respondencia; 1150 m. s. m. (Ig1). Corddn del Barril; ad truncos Dzcksontae;
gOO—I000 m. s. m. (193).
Area: New Granada, Chile, Patagonia, Fuegia, Australia, Tasmania, New
Zealand.
Bartramiaceae.
Anacolia Schimp.
A. subsessilis (Tayl.) Broth.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra; ad rupes; 590 m. s. m. (210).
Area: New Granada, Ecuador.
var. brevifolia Broth. n. var.
A typo foliis brevioribus, siccis adpressis differt. Sporogonia ignota.
Masatierra: Inter Villagra et Tres Puntas (358).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; ad moles (201, 203 p. p.). Inter
Casas et Papal; ad rupes; c. 200 m. s. m. (202).
426 V. F. BROTHERUS
Bartramia Hedw.
B. aristata Schimp.
Masatierra: Puerto Ingles; ad rupes; c. 450 m. s. m. (198).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado; ad rupes; 440 m. s. m (197). Las
Torres; 1380 m. s. m. (206). Campo Correspondencia; 1100 m. s. m. (204, 205,
208, 200).
retacmenile.
B. patens Brid.
Masafuera: Las Torres; ad rupes; 1370 m. s. m. (198, 207).
Area: Patagonia, Fuegia, Falkland Isl., South Georgia, Kerguelen.
B. fernandeziana Card. in Soc. Havr. p. 7 (1921).
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO).
Area: Endemic.
Philonotis Brid.
Ph. Krauseana (C. Mill.) Jaeg.
Masatierra: Valle Colonial; ad parietes cavernae humidas (212, 364).
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia; in rivulo (99 p. p.).
Aceas Chile:
var. longinervis Broth. n. var.
A typo foliis angustius reticulatis, nervo excedente differt.
Masatiera: Pangal; ad cataractam; 205 m. s. m. (214).
Ph. glabrata Broth. n. sp.
Dioica. Gracilis, caespitosa, caespitibus densis, mollibus, late extensis,
laete viridibus. Caulis erectus, usque ad 3 cm altus, fusco-tomentosus, dense
foliosus, + ramosus vel simplex. Folia erecto-patentia, sicca erectiora, ovato-
lanceolata, cristata, marginibus erectis, superne simpliciter serrulatis; nervo
crasso, in aristam elongatam, rigidam, serrulatam excedente, dorso superne
serrulato; cellulis superioribus anguste rectangularibus, basin versus laxioribus,
omnibus laevibus. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Pangal; ad rupes (363).
Species praecedenti affinis, sed foliis nervo crasso longe aristatis cellulis-
que laevibus dignoscenda.
Ph. scabrifolia (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Broth.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra; 450—500 m.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono. Campo Correspondencia; 1100 m. s. m.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 427
(362). In rupibus ad viam inter Quebrada de las Casas et Papal; c. 200
m. sm: (2x7),
Area: Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Patagonia, Fuegia, Falkland Isl., South
Africa, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Auckland, Marion, Kerguelen, South
Georgia.
Ph. vagans (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Mitt.
var. evanidinervis Broth. n. var.
A typo foliis laxius areolatis, nervo infra apicem folii evanido differt.
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia; ad rivulos (215).
Area of typical Ph. vagans: Chile, South Georgia.
Breutelia Schimp.
B. Masafuerae Broth. n. sp.
Gracilescens, rigida, lutescens, nitida, aliis muscis immixta. Caulis erectus
vel adscendens, usque ad 8 cm altus, haud tomentosus, densiuscule foliosus,
vage ramosus, superne simplex vel ramis paucis, subfloralibus instructus. Folia
e basi brevi, superne dilatata, plicata in laminam patulam, strictam, plicatam,
anguste lanceolato-subulatam, c. 4 mm longam attenuata, marginibus basi
anguste revolutis, superne minutissime serrulatis; nervo sat tenui, + longe ex-
cedente; cellulis linearibus, incrassatis, lumine angustissimo, laevibus, basila-
ribus externis in seriebus paucis breviter rectangularibus, hyalinis, basilaribus
infimis fuscoaureis.. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: Correspondencia, in campo; 1350 m. s. m. (366).
Species foliis minutissime serrulatis, cellulis incrassatis, lumine angustissimo,
laevibus dignoscenda.
Hedwigiaceae.
Rhacocarpus Lindb.
Rh. Humboldtii (Hook.) Lindb.
Masafuera: Las Torres; ad rupes praeruptas (236) et ad rupes humidas
Gar)j-e.- 1370: m. "5. Tm.
Area: W. South America from New Granada to Fuegia, E. Africa, Re-
union, Madagascar.
428 V. F. BROTHERUS
Cryphaeaceae.
Dendrocryphaea Par. et Schimp.
D. cuspidata (Sull.) Broth.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (SKOTTSBERG 1908),
nears Chile:
Cyptodon Par. et Schimp.
C. crassinervis Broth. n. sp.
Autoicus; gracilescens, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, rigidiusculis, fusce-
scentibus, superne lutescentibus, vix nitidiusculis. Caulis fluitans, usque ad 8
cm longus, dense foliosus, + regulariter pinnatim ramosus, ramis patentibus,
brevibus, simplicibus, singulis longioribus, + ramulosis. Folia sicca imbricata,
humida erecto-patentia, ovata, breviter acuminata, acuta, c. 2 mm longa, mar-
ginibus erectis, apice minutissime serrulatis; nervo crasso, infra apicem folil
evanido; cellulis laminalibus paulum incrassatis, lumine ovali, basilaribus internis
linearibus, externis quadratis et transverse latioribus. Bracteae perichaetii
erectae, sensim acuminatae, integrae, nervo crasso, longe excedente aristatae.
Theca immersa, ovali. Peristomium luteum, minute papillosum; exostomil
dentes lanceolati; endostomium exostomii longitudinis, processibus angustis.
Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: In valle Casas, ad cataractas (341).
Species C. dzlatato (Hook.) fil. et Wils. valde affinis, sed foliis angustio-
ribus, acutis, nervo crassiore distinguenda.
Lepyrodontaceae.
Lepyrodon Hamp.
L. parvulus Mitt.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (E. C. REED); Cordon Chifladores; ad
truncos; 3—400 m. s. m. (338). Quebrada de la Damajuana; in silva (233,
forma). Infra trajectum Portezuelo; ad rhizomata Polypodiz intermedi? (248).
Puerto Ingles; ad truncos in silva sicca; c. 550 m. s. m. (232).
Masafuera: Sine loco designato (CUMING). Quebrada del Mono; ad
truncum; 457 m. s. m. (505 p. p.). Quebrada de las Chozas; ad truncos (336).
Inter Sanchez et Toltén; ad truncos et ramos arborum; 515 m. s. m. (335, 337)-
Area: Chile.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 4
L. tomentosus (Hook.) Mitt.
Masatierra: In jugo inter valles Piedra agujereada et Laura; 650 m. s. m.
(339). El Yunque, in declivi meridionali; ad truncos in silva; 4—500 m. s. m. (234).
Area: New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Brazil.
L. implexus (Kunz.) Par.
Masatierra: El Yunque, in declivi meridionali; ad truncum Dyzmydis; c.
450 m. s. m. (248 bis).
fo. flagellifera.
Rami partim in flagellum + elongatum, simplex vel ramosum attenuati.
Masatierra: Cerro Piramide, in declivi boreali; 600 m. s. m. (250). Salsi-
puedes; in Dicksonieto parce; 660 m. s. m. (249).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia, Fuegia.
Ptychomniaceae.
Ptychomnium Hook. fil. et Wils.
P. subaciculare Besch.
Masatierra: In declivi meridionali supra Pangal; 795 m. s. m. (243).
Cordén Centinela; in fruticeto; 530 m. s. m. (354). Salsipuedes; in fruticeto
lapidoso jugi; 625 m. s. m. (242, 244, 353) et in silva (355).
Area: Chile, Patagonia, Fuegia.
P. falcatulum Broth. n. sp. — Plate 26, fig. 33—35.
Robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, lutescentibus niti-
diusculis. Caulis adscendens vel flexuosus, dense foliosus, vage ramosus. Folia
patentia, superiora + distincte falcatula, basi pluries plicata, ovalia, subsensim
in acumen lanceolato-subulatum, inaequaliter serratum attenuata; nervis in-
distinctis; cellulis laminalibus incrassatis, inter se porosis, lumine lineari, basila-
ribus infimis abbreviatis, fusco-aureis. Seta c. 1,5 cm alta tenuis, nigrescens.
Theca inclinata vel subhorizontalis, oblongo-cylindrica, subarcuata, profunde pli-
cata. Operculum e basi cupulata aciculare.
Masatierra; In jugo inter valles Piedra agujereada et Laura; 650
m.-s.:m. (356).
Species praecedenti affinis, sed foliis erectioribus, superioribus falcatulis
nec non seta breviore dignoscenda.
var. gracilescens Broth. n. var.
Gracilescens. Folia vix vel indistincte falcatula, ovalia, raptim in acumen
plerumque minutius serrulatum attenuata. Sporogonia ut in typo.
430 V. F. BROTHERUS
Masatierra: In jugo inter Quebrada de la Piedra agujereada et Quebrada
lgaras1050 Mm. S. mi(245).
P. ptychocarpum (Schwaegr.) Mitt.
Masafuera: Correspondencia; in campo; c. 1200, 1350 m. s. m. (246,
335). In cacumine montis Inocentes; in campo; 1480 m. s. m. (247).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia.
Neckeraceae.
Weymouthia Broth.
W. mollis (Hedw.) Broth.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO); Portezuelo de Villagra; ad
rupes praeruptas; c. 600 m. s. m. (327) etc. 450 m.s.m. Cordon Salsipuedes;
625 m-. Ss. m: (253);
Masafuera: Quebrada del Varadero; c. 950 m. s. m. (251). Inter San-
chez et Toltén; ad truncos et ramos arborum; 515 m. s. m. (328, 320).
Area: Chile, East Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
Leptodon Mohr.
L. Smithii (Dicks.). Mohr.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (E. C. REED).
Masafuera: In planitie inter Sanchez et Toltén, ad truncos et ramulos,
BiG. Set, (252).
Area: Europe, Caucasus, Canary Isl., Africa, Kilimandscharo, Chile, Ar-
gentina, East Australia, New Zealand.
Neckera Hedw.
N. rotundata Broth. n. sp. — Plate 27, fig. 11—13.
Dioica; gracilescens, lutescenti-viridis, nitidiuscula. Caules secundarii 3
cm vel paulum ultra alti, dense foliosi, complanati, cum foliis 4—5 mm lati,
pinnatim ramosi, ramis patentibus, vix ultra 1 cm longis, vix attenuatis. Folia
undulata, lateralia e basi oblonga ligulata, rotundato-obtusa, c. 3 mm longa et
usque ad 0,95 mm lata, subintegra; nervis binis, brevissimis; cellulis lamina-
libus breviter linearibus, apicalibus rhombeis, alaribus minutis, ovalibus, aureis.
Caetera ignota.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 431
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; in silva ad basin arborum parce; 440
is-S.-ms:, (275).
Species distinctissima, foliis rotundato-obtusis jam dignoscenda.
Porothamnium Fleisch.
P. fasciculatum (Sw.) Fleisch.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; ad terram sub Alechnum longicauda:
c. 200 m. s. m. (270); ad rupem humidam (352) et ad margines cataractarum
(351). Quebrada del Blindado; ad terram et ad saxa; 440 m. s. m. (272).
Quebrada del Mono; in silva (267 p. p.).
Area: Jamaica, Portorico, Venezuela, New Granada, Peru, Brazil.
P. arbusculans (C. Mill. sub /7ypvo).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas (SKOTTSBERG 1908).
Area: Chile, Patagonia.
Thamnium Bryol. eur.
Th. rigidum (Mitt.) Broth.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO, E. C. REED, MOSELEY).
Area: Endemic.
Th. latinerve (Mitt.). (Porotrichum latinerve Mitt. in HEMSLEY, Challenger
ep: Bot. I.).
Masatierra: (BERTERO, MOSELEY).
Area: Endemic.
Th. Caroli Broth. n. sp.
Robustum, rigidum, pallide viride, aetate lutescenti-viride vel pallide
fuscescens, vix nitidiusculum. Caules secundarii 8—13 cm alti, stipitati, stipite
3—5 cm longo, foliis squamaeformibus, adpressis dense vestito, dein pinnatim
ramosi, dense et complanate foliosi, cum foliis 4 mm vel paulum ultra lati,
obtusi vel sensim attenuati, ramis infimis usque ad 9 cm longis, + dense pin-
natim ramulosis, superioribus multo brevioribus, simplicibus. Folia caulina
erecto-patentia, concava, ovato-lanceolata, acuta vel acumine breviter ligulato,
acutiusculo terminata, 3,;—4 mm longa, subintegra; nervo basi crassiusculo,
dein sensim angustiore, infra apicem folii evanido; cellulis laminalibus incras-
satis, apicalibus rhombeis, lumine elliptico, basilaribus linearibus, inter se porosis,
Jumine angustissimo. Folia ramea minora, apice dentibus singulis instructa.
432 V. F. BROTHERUS
Seta c. 7 mm alta, tenuis, rubra. Theca minuta, inclinata, oblonga, deopercu-
lata atrofusca. Operculum ignotum.
Masatierra: Portezuelo de Villagra; ad terram; c. 600 m. s. m. (344).
El Yunque; c. 450 m. s. m. (254); ad truncos.
Species 7h, vrigido (Mitt.) Broth. affinis, sed statura multo robustiore, caule
remotius pinnato ramisque complanatis nec non foliis longius acuminatis, nervo
superne sensim tenulore dignoscenda.
Th. Ingae Broth. n. sp.
Robustiusculum, rigidum, pallide viride, nitidiusculum. Caules secundarii
6—10 cm alti, stipitati, stipite 1—3 cm longo, foliis squamaeformibus dense
vestito, dein pinnatim ramosi, dense foliosi, valde complanati, cum foliis c. 3
mm lati, plerumque obtusi, ramis usque ad 3 cm vel paulum ultra longis, sim-
plicibus vel subsimplicibus. Folia caulina erecto-patentia, concaviuscula, ovato-
oblonga, angulo acutiusculo terminata, c. 2 mm _ longa, integra vel apice +
serrata; nervo basi crassiusculo, dein sensim angustiore, infra apicem folii eva-
nido; cellulis laminalibus apicalibus incrassatis, rhombeis, caeteris haud incras-
satis, basilaribus breviter linearibus. Folia ramea minora. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Puerto Frances; ad terram et saxa silvae; c. 500 m. s. m.
(345) et.ad pedem arborum (347). Quebrada de la Damajuana; ad truncos;
(346). V. Colonial, Quebrada Gutierrez; ad arbores silvae; c. 500 m. s. m.
(348). Quebrada Juanango; ad terram; c. 250 m. s. m. (255). Villagra, Que-
brada Choza; ad truncos in silva; c. 250 m. s. m. (268). V. Colonial, Quebrada
seca; ad saxa et ad pedem arborum; 435 m. s. m. (269, 349, fo. procerior,
ramis infimis longioribus, pinnatim ramulosis).
Species praecedenti valde affinis, sed caule ramisque valde complanatis
foliisque ovato-oblongis, angulo acutiusculo terminatis, cellulis superioribus tantum
incrassatis dignoscenda.
Th. crassinervium Broth. in Engl.-Prantl Bryal. p. 862. Porotrichum
crassinervum Mitt. in Herb.
Gracilescens, fuscescenti-viride, vix nitidiusculum. Caules secundarii c. 10
cm alti, stipitati, stipite c. 6 cm longo, foliis squamaeformibus dense vestito,
dein pinnatim ramosi, dense foliosi vix complanati, ramis usque ad 2,5 cm
longis, simplicibus. Folia erecto-patentia, concava, lanceolata, raptim in acumen
breve, anguste serratum contracta, c. 2 mm longa; nervo crassissimo, ubique
aequilato vel superne paulum latiore, infra summum apicem folii evanido; cel-
lulis haud incrassatis, acuminis irregularibus, ovalibus vel triangularibus, cae-
teris hexagono-oblongis, basin versus sensim longioribus, infimis linearibus.
Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO); Quebrada Damajuana; ad
cataractam; 248 m. s. m. (376, fo. foliis plurimis destructis). Portezuelo; c. 450
m. s. m.
Area: Endemic.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 4;
we
o>)
Th. proboscideum Broth. n. sp.
Gracilescens, sordide viridissimum, opacum. Caules secundarii usque ad
7 cm alti, stipitati, stipite usque ad 3 cm longo, foliis squamaeformibus dense
vestito, dein pinnatim ramosi, ramis usque ad 3 cm longis, simplicibus vel in-
fimis subpinnatim ramulosis. Folia erecto-patentia, concaviuscula, Janceolata,
apice plerumque excisa ibidemque minute serrulata, nervo longe excedente
terminata, c. 2 mm longa; nervo crassissimo, ubique aequilato, longe excedente;
cellulis haud incrassatis, acuminis irregularibus, ovalibus vel triangularibus, cae-
teris hexagono-oblongis, basin versus sensim longioribus, infimis linearibus.
Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Pangal; ad rupem praeruptam in cataracta; 205 m. s. m.
(256).
Species praecedenti affinis, sed foliis acumine exciso, nervo crassiore,
longe excedente dignoscenda.
Th. assimile Broth. n. sp.
Praecedenti gracilius, atroviride, opacum. Caules secundarii usque ad 8
cm alti, stipitati, stipite 2—5 cm longo, foliis squamaeformibus dense vestito,
dein pinnatim ramosi, densiuscule foliosi, complanati, ramis usque ad 6 cm
longis, infimis pinnatim ramulosis. Folia erecto-patentia, concaviuscula, lanceo-
lata, raptim in acumen breve, argute serratum contracta, c. 2 mm longa; nervo
crassissimo, ubique aequilato, infra summum apicem folii evanido; cellulis
haud incrassatis, superioribus ovalibus, caeteris hexagono-oblongis, basilaribus
linearibus. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana; ad marginem cataractae (350); 250
m. s. m.
Species praecedenti valde affinis, sed foliis in acumen breve, argute ser-
ratum contractis dignoscenda.
Th. confertum (Mitt. sub Porotricho in Hemsley Challenger Rep. Bot. I.).
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (MOSELEY).
Area: Endemic.
Pinnatella (C. Miill.) Fleisch.
P. (Eupinnatella) macrosticta Broth. n. sp. — Plate 27, fig. 14—15.
Tenella, laxe caespitosa, fuscescenti-viridis. Caulis primarius elongatus,
repens; caules secundarii vix ultra 5 mm alti, + distincte pinnatim ramosi, ramis
patentibus brevibus, laxiuscule et complanate foliosis, simplicibus, obtusis.
Folia patula, breviter oblonga, acumine brevi, acutiusculo terminata, c. 0,75 mm
longa et c. 0,2 mm lata, apice minute denticulata; nervo infra apicem folii
evanido; cellulis rotundato-hexagonis, papilla medig distinctissima instructis,
inferioribus sensim longioribus. Caetera ignota.
25 2391- The Nat. Hist. of Juan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. II.
434 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; ad corticem (271, 273).
Species distinctissima, foliis cellulis papilla media elevata instructis a con-
generibus raptim dignoscenda.
Hookeriaceae.
Distichophyllum Doz. et Molk.
D. (Discophyllum) subelimbatum Broth. n. sp. — Plate 27, fig. 9—10.
Dioicum; gracile caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, mollibus, depressis,
glauco-viridibus, aetate lutescenti-viridibus, opacis. Caulis fragilis, repens, hic
illic rhizoideis fuscis instructus, densiuscule et complanate foliosus, cum foltis
2—3 mm latus, ramosus. Folia sicca vix mutata, planiuscula, lateralia patentia,
e basi anguste et breviter spathulata obovata, obtusa, mutira vel apiculata,
marginibus minutissime crenulatis; nervo tenuissimo, ad vel paulum ultra me-
dium folii evanido; cellulis laminalibus superioribus angulato-rotundatis, O,or5— 0,020
mm, dein sensim majoribus, ovali-hexagonis, basilaribus oblongo-hexagonis,
marginalibus inferioribus elongatis, angustis, limbum uniseriatum, hyalinum, vix
ad medium folii productum efformantibus. Folia intermedia subconformia, media
multo minora, ovalia, nervo breviore. Bracteae perichaetii erectae, minutae, e
basi oblonga breviter ligulatae, acutae, apice crenulatae, enerves. Seta c. 8
mm alta, tenuis, rubra, laevissima. Calyptra superne scabra, basi pilis longis
instructa. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: In jugo inter valles Piedra agujereada et Laura; ad ligna
putrida; 650 m. s. m. (306, 309). Valle Colonial; ad parietes cavernae plus
minusve humidas (304, 305, 308, 310, 312, 313, 316, 317). In jugo Centinela;
ad truncos Filicum (311). Salsipuedes; ad ligna putrida in Dicksonieto; 660
MreSa me SU4e 275 ).
Species distinctissima, ob folia subelimbata cum nulla alia commutanda.
D. (Discophyllum) assimile Broth. n. sp.
Dioicum: gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, mollibus,
glauco-viridibus, opacis. Caulis procumbens, inferne fusco-radiculosus, densiuscule
et complanate foliosus, cum foliis c. 3 mm latus, ramosus. Folia sicca vix
mutata, planiuscula, e basi anguste et breviter spathulata obovata, obtusa, api-
culata, limbata, superne minutissime serrulata; nervo tenuissimo, ultra medium
folii evanido; cellulis laminalibus superioribus angulato-rotundatis, 0,o15—O,o20
mm, dein sensim majoribus, ovali-hexagonis, basilaribus oblongo-hexagonis,
marginalibus elongatis, angustis, limbum biseriatum, lutescentem, usque ad
apicem productum efformantibus. Folia intermedia subconformia, media multo
minora, ovalia. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Portezuelo; ad ligna putrida in Dicksonieto;.c. 550 m. s. m.
(307).
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 435
Species praecedenti habitu persimilis, sed foliis limbo usque ad apicem
producto dignoscenda.
D. (Discophyllum) fernandezianum Broth. n. sp. — Plate 27, fig. 7—8.
Gracile, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, mollibus, viridissimis, opacis.
Caulis erectus, usque ad 2,5 cm altus, per totam longitudinem parce fusco-
radiculosus, dense et vix complanate foliosus, superne dense fasciculatim ra-
mosus. Folia sicca vix mutata, inferiora limbo excepto plerumque destructa,
planiuscula, lateralia erecto-patentia, ovalia, raptim in apiculum contracta, c.
I,x mm longa et c. 0,57 mm lata, limbata, e medio ad apicem serrulata; nervo
tenuiusculo, lutescente, ultra medium folii evanido; cellulis laminalibus angulato-
rotundatis, O,oo7—0,o1o mm, basilaribus raptim multo majoribus, oblongo-hexa-
gonis, marginalibus elongatis, angustis, limbum lutescentem, 3 seriatum effor-
mantibus. Folia ventralia et dorsalia minora. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: In alpinis prope campos »Correspondencia» dictos; ad saxa
humida rivuli; 1100 m. s. m. (303).
Species D). rotundifolio (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Broth. forsan affinis, sed foliis
densius areolatis, latius limbatis jam dignoscenda.
Pterygophyllum Brid.
P. anomalum (Schwaegr.) Mitt.
Masatierra: Pangal; ad marginem cataractae; 205 m. s. m. (290).
Area: Fuegia.
P. obscurum (Mont.) Mitt.
Masafuera: Quebrada Loberia; in rivulo una cum Philonotide vagante (291).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia, Falkland Isl., Tasmania.
P. tenuinerve Broth. n. sp. — Plate 27, fig. 5—6.
Dioicum; gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus laxiusculis, mollissimis,
sordide glauco-viridibus, opacis. Caulis arcuato-procumbens, vix ultra I cm
longus, basi fusco-radiculosus, laxe et complanate foliosus, simplex. Folia
facillime emollita, sicca vix mutata, planiuscula, lateralia patula, e basi bre-
vissime spathulata oblonga, obtusa, usque ad 4 mm longa et usque ad 1,7 mm
lata, e medio ad apicem grosse serrata; nervo tenui, brevi vel brevissimo;
cellulis laminalibus valde pellucidis, rotundatis, superioribus 0,o5—-0,o6 mm, basin
versus sensim majoribus. Folia ventralia et dorsalia erectiora, minora. Bracteae
perichaetii erectae, e basi oblonga anguste lanceolatae, integrae. Seta c. 12
mm alta, tenuis, nigrescens, laevissima. Theca nutans, minuta, breviter oblonga,
sicca deoperculata sub ore constricta, atrofusca. Caetera ignota.
436 V. F. BROTHERUS
Masatierra: Cumberland, Bay, Pico Central; ad ligna putrida; 390 m.
s. m. (386 fo. major). Salsipuedes; ad vegetabilia putrescentia in Dicksonieto
parce; 660 m. s. m. (330). In jugo inter valles Piedra agujereada et Laura;
ad ligna putrida; 650 m. s. m. (287, 288, 289 fo. major).
Species praecedenti valde affinis, sed foliis glauco-viridibus, facillime emol-
litis, grosse serratis, nervi tenui, brevissimo instructis dignoscenda.
P. denticulatum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Mitt.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (E. C. REED).
Area: Fuegia, Falkland Isl., East Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand,
Auckland und Campbell Isl.
Eriopus (Brid.) C. Mull.
E. leptoloma Broth. n. sp. — Plate 27, fig. 1—2.
Autoicus; robustiusculus, caespitosus, caespitibus laxiusculis, laete viri-
dibus, aetate lutescentibus, vernicoso-nitidis. Caulis erectus vel adscendens, I
cm vel paulum ultra altus, cum foliis usque ad 5 mm latus, basi fusco-radicu-
losus, laxiuscule foliosus, simplex. Folia sicca vix mutata, planiuscula, lateralia
patentia, paulum asymmetrica, e basi brevissime spathulata ovalia, acuta, lim-
bata, e medio ad apicem serrata; nervo brevissimo, furcato; cellulis ovali-hexa-
gonis, basin versus sensim longioribus, marginalibus elongatis, angustis, lim-
bum 2—3 seriatum efformantibus. Folia ventralia et dorsalia minora. Seta c.
4 mm alta, lutea, mamillis humilibus, latis, hyalinis instructa. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: V. Colonial, Quebrada Gutierrez; ad ligna putrida silvae; c.
300 m. s. m. (302).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado; ad ligna putrida silvae; c. 440 m.
s. m. (301).
Species £. apzculato (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Mitt. affinis, sed inflorescentia
autoica, foliis acutis nec cuspidatis, argutius serratis, angustius limbatis nec non
seta breviore dignoscenda.
E. grandiretis Broth. n. sp. — Plate 27, fig. 3—4.
Robustus, mollis, glaucoviridis, opacus. Caulis usque ad 6 cm altus, cum
foliis usque ad 8 mm latus, inferne fusco-radiculosus, densiuscule foliosus, atte-
nuatus, simplex vel parce ramosus. Folia inferiora remota, dein magis con-
ferta, sensim majora, lateralia patentia, oblonga, raptim in acumen breve, acu-
tum attenuata, usque ad 4 mm longa et I,9 mm lata, marginibus e medio ad
apicem argute serratis; nervo e basi fere bifurco, cruribus inaequalibus, longiore
ad medium folii evanido; cellulis laxis, valde pellucidis, oblongo- vel ovali-
hexagonis, marginalibus angustis, limbum uniseriatum, hyalinum efformantibus.
Caetera ignota.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 437
Masafuera: In parte intima faucis Casas; ad truncum (265).
Species pulcherrima, praecedenti affinis, sed statura robustiore foliisque
laxe areolatis, limbo uniseriato longe diversa.
Lamprophyllum Schimp.
L. splendidissimum (Mont.) Schimp.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO, MOSELEY). Quebrada Gu-
tierrez; ad ramulos arborum in silva; c. 300 m. s. m. (300). Ad rupes humidas
in silva secus viam ad Portezuelo (298). Portezuelo; ad ligna putrescentia
Dicksonieti; c. 550 m. s. m. (297 p. p., 299). Salsipuedes; ad truncos Drimydis
in Dicksonieto; 660 m. s. m. (292, 293). Villagra, Quebrada Choza; ad truncos
iesiiva C. 250.m, S. m:) (295, 208 p. p.):
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; ad rupem praeruptam (294). Que-
brada del Blindado; ad truncum; 440 m. s. m. (296).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia.
Hypopterygiaceae.
Lopidium Hook. fil. et Wils.
L. concinnum (Hook.) Fleisch.
Masatierra: In declivi montis Yunque; ad truncos; c. 450 m. s. m. (331,
333). In jugo inter Quebrada Piedra Agujereada et Quebrada Laura; 650 m.
s
s. m. (332).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Auck-
land, Isl.
Hypopterygium Brid.
H. Thouini (Schwaegr.) Mont.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas raro; c. 200 m. s. m. (334).
Area: Chile, W. Patagonia, Fuegia.
Rhacopilaceae.
Rhacopilum Palis.
Rh. fernandezianum Card. in Soc. Havr. p. 7 (1921) (22. fernandeztanum
Broth. in sched.).
Dioicum; gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, depressis, late
extensis, viridibus vel lutescentibus, caulibus intertextis. Caulis elongatus, repens,
438 V. F. BROTHERUS
per totam longitudinem fusco-tomentosus, dense foliosus, pinnatim ramosus,
ramis patulis, simplicibus, vix ultra 5 mm longis, cum foliis c. 2 mm vel paulum
ultra latis, singulis longioribus, pinnatim ramulosis. Folia postica siccitate in
series duas reflexas, aristatas disposita, madore applanata, ovato-oblonga, ob-
tusiuscula, aristata, apice tantum minute serrulata; nervo in aristam longiusculam,
rigidam, subintegram excedente; cellulis laminalibus minutis, angulato-ovalibus
vel subrotundis, papilla media minutissima instructis, basilaribus oblongis. Folia
antica minora, late cordato-lanceolata, apice minutissime serrulata; nervo in
aristam longam, rigidam, subintegram excedente. Seta c. I,5 cm alta, tenuis,
rubra. Theca suberecta vel inclinata, anguste cylindrica, arcuata, c. 5 mm
longa, pallida, aetate fusca, sicca plicatula. Operculum e basi convexa longe
rostratum. Calyptra parce pilosa.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO). In declivi septemtrionali
montis Yunque; ad truncos Filicum; 4—500 m. s. m. (282). Valle de Anson,
prope Plazoleta; ad truncos putridos, c. 260 m. s. m. (277, 281, 284). Valle
Colonial, Pico Central, ad terram 390 m. s. m. (261); Quebrada Gutierrez, in
silva c. 300 m. s. m. (318, 324); Quebrada del Monte Maderugo, ad truncos
silvae siccioris (260); Quebrada seca, 435 m. s. m. ad truncos J/yrceugeniae
(278, 321) et ad terram (320); in jugo ad Portezuelo, in Dicksonieto, c. 550
m. s. m. (297 p. p.) et in silva ad arbores et ad terram (262). Quebrada
Juanango, ad truncos in rivulo sicco (257, 262). Inter Villagra et Tres Puntas
locis humidioribus (323). Quebrada de la Choza, in silva 250 m. s. m. ad
terram (263).
Masafuera: inter Sanchez et Toltén; ad truncos putridos in silva, 515
m. s. m. (259, 325). Quebrada del Mono; ad truncos in silva, 475 m. s. m.
(280). Quebrada de las Casas; ad rupes praeruptas humidas (274, 326).
Species Rk. tomentoso (Sw.) Brid. affinis, sed foliis apice minute serrulatis
vel subintegris, cellulis laminalibus minoribus nec non theca anguste cylindrica
dignoscenda.
Some expressions in CARDOT’s diagnose led me to the conclusion that
his species was different from that collected by SKOTTSBERG, but the examina-
tion of type material removed all doubts as to their identity. The briefness
of CARDOT’s description justifies the more detailed one given above.
Area: Endemic.
Thuidiaceae.
Thuidium Bryol. eur.
Th. (Thuidiopsis) Masafuerae Broth. n. Sp.
Dioicum. Robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus laxis, lutescentibus.
Caulis elongatus, procumbens, flexuosus, parce radiculosus, laxe bipinnatim ra-
mosus, ramis patulis, ad 1,5 cm longis, arcuatulis, attenuatis, ramulis subremotis,
brevibus. Folia caulina arcuato-patula, plicata, e basi late cordata raptim
lanceolato-subulata, c. 1,1 mm longa etc. 0,75 mm lata, marginibus basi recurvis,
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 439
apice minutissime serrulatis; nervo valido, infra apicem folii evanido; cellulis
subrotundis O,o1o—O,or2 mm, papilla media instructis, subpellucidis. Folia ramea
brevius acuminata, ramulina ovato-lanceolata, obscura. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: Cordon del Barril, in filiceto (513).
Species 7h. fulvastro (Mitt.) Jaeg. affinis, sed caule laxe bipinnatim ra-
moso oculo nudo jam dignoscenda.
Th. Valdiviae Broth. in Herb.
Dioicum. Gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, extensis, viridibus,
aetate lutescentibus. Caulis elongatus, arcuato-procumbens, interrupte fusco-
radiculosus, dense bipinnatim ramosus, ramis suberectis, vix ultra I cm longis,
strictis vel arcuatulis, ramulis brevissimis. Folia caulina arcuato-patula, plicata,
e basi late cordata raptim lanceolato-subulata, c. 0,3 mm longa et c. 0,65 mm
lata, marginibus basi recurvis, subintegris; nervo valido; infra apicem folii eva-
nido; cellulis angulato-rotundatis, 0,o07—O,oro mm, papilla media instructis,
subpellucidis. Folia ramea angustiora, brevius acuminata, ramulina ovata, acuta,
cellulis obscuris. Bracteae perichaetii erectae, piliformiter attenuatae, basi ciliis
elongatis instructae. Caetera ignota.
Masatierra: Quebrada Damajuana, in declivi silvatico, c. 200 m. s. m.
(514, 515).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas.
Species a praecedente statura graciliore, caule dense bipinnatim ramoso,
foliis caulinis subintegris, densius areolatis dignoscenda.
Area: Chile, Valdivia (A. HOFMANN in herb. BROTH.).
Amblystegiaceae.
Sciaromium Mitt.
S. pachyloma (Mont.) Par.
Masatierra: Pangal; in cataracta; 205 m. s. m. (239). Quebrada Juanango;
in aqua fluitante (238). Cerro Chumacera; ad rupes praeruptas irroratas (237).
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; in aqua fluitante. Quebrada de la
Loberia, in cataracta (235).
Area: Chile.
Hypnaceae.
Hypnum Dill. emend.
H. Lechleri C. Miill.
Masatierra; Sine loco designato (BERTERO, MOSELEY); Puerto Frances,
c. 500 m. s. m. (399). In jugo inter Quebrada Piedra agujereada et Quebrada
440 V. F. BROTHERUS
Laura; 650 m. s. m. (392, 398). Cordén Centinela; 530 m. s. m. (453, 457).
Quebrada Damajuana (459). Cerro Damajuana (458). El Yunque, in declivi
septemtrionali; 4—500 m. s. m. (391). Portezuelo de Villagra; c. 500 m.s. m.
(394, 455) et c. 550 m.s. m. (456). Quebrada Gutierrez (490). Quebrada
seca; 435 m. s. m. (393, 396, 397). Cordon Salsipuedes; c. 600 m. s. m. (395).
Puerto Ingles; c. 575 m. s. m. (474). Quebrada de la Choza; c. 250 m. s. m.
(452). — Ubique ad truncos et ad ligna putrida.
Area: Chile, Patagonia.
Isopterygium Mitt.
I. fernandezianum Broth. n. sp.
Autoicum; gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, depressis,
laete viridibus, sericeo-nitidis. Caulis repens, per totam longitudinem fusco-
radiculosus, dense et complanate foliosus, vage ramosus, ramis brevibus, com-
planatis, cum foliis c. 1,5 mm_ latis, simplicibus, obtusis. Folia falcatula, con-
caviuscula, caulina ovato-lanceolata, in acumen + elongatum, subpiliforme sen-
sim attenuata, marginibus erectis, integris; enervia; cellulis anguste linearibus,
basilaribus infimis laxis, oblongis, hyalinis vel aureis, alaribus haud diversis.
Folia ramea brevius acuminata, superne + distincte serrulata. Bracteae pe-
richaetii internae erectae, subsensim in acumen elongatum, lanceolato-subulatum,
serrulatum attenuatae. Seta c. 5 mm alta vel paulum ultra, tenuis, rubra.
Theca horizontalis vel subnutans, ovalis, regularis, sicca sub ore paulum con-
stricta, fusca.
Masatierra: In jugo Centinela; ad ligna putrida; 530 m. s. m. (479).
var. longisetum Broth. n. var.
Seta I—I,s cm alta.
Masatierra: Cordén Centinela; 530 m, s. m. (485). Valle Anson prope
Plazoleta; 260 m. s. m. (491). Cumberland Bay, Pico Central; 390 m. s. m.
(492). Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca; 435 m. s. m. (481, 484, 487). Cerro
Piramide; c. 600 m. s. m. (488). Cordén Salsipuedes; in Dzcksonzeto; 660 m.
s. m. (480, 483). El Yunque; 4—500 m. s. m. (482). Villagra, Quebrada de
la Choza; c. 250 m. s. m. (486). Ubique ad ligna putrida.
Species ob folia cellulis infimis laxis instructa cum /. ¢exero (Sw.) Mitt.
comparanda, sed statura robustiore jam dignoscenda.
Sematophyllaceae.
Rhapidostegium (Bryol. eur.) De Not.
Rh. (Cupressinopsis) Masafuerae Broth. n. sp.
Autoicum; robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, mollibus, viri-
dibus vel lutescenti-viridibus, sericeo-nitidis. Caulis clongatus, repens, dense
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 441
ramosus, ramis usque ad 6 cm longis, adscendentibus, dense foliosis, dense
ramulosis, ramulis vix ultra 1 cm longis, sursum spectantibus. Folia falcata,
concava, oblongo-lanceolata, sensim in subulam + elongatam, serrulatam atte-
nuata; enervia; cellulis angustissime linearibus, basilaribus infimis brevioribus,
aureis, alaribus magnis, oblongis, vesiculosis, aureis. Bracteae perichaetii in-
ternae vaginantes, in acumen breve lanceolatum, serrulatum attenuatae. Seta
I cm vel paulum ultra alta, tenuis, rubra, laevis. Theca suberecta, turgide
ovalis, fusca. Caetera ignota.
Masafuera: Correspondencia; 1150 m. s. m. (499).
Species pulchra, habitu 4. cyparzssozdi (Hornsch.) Besch. similis, sed foliis
superne serrulatis nec non seta brevi jam dignoscenda.
Rh. (Cupressinopsis) aberrans Broth. n. sp.
Autoicum; gracile, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, depressis, viri-
dibus vel lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis. Caulis repens, per totam longitudinem
radiculosus, dense et complanate foliosus, pinnatim ramosus, ramis brevibus,
patentibus, complanatis, simplicibus, obtusis. Folia patentia, + distincte sub-
secunda, concava, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, sensim + longe subulata,
marginibus erectis, subintegris vel superne minutissime serrulatis; enervia;
cellulis angustissime linearibus, infimis aureis, alaribus oblongis, vesiculosis,
aureis, omnibus laevissimis. Bracteae perichaetii erectae, internae raptim in
acumen breve, serrulatum attenuatae. Seta c. I cm alta, tenuis, rubra, laevis-
sima. Theca horizontalis vel subnutans, minuta, ovalis, sicca sub ore paulum
constricta, fuscidula. Operculum longe rostratum.
Masatierra: In jugo Centinela; 530 m. s. m. (385, 389). Plazoleta in valle
Anson; c. 260 m. s. m. (379). Quebrada del Monte Maderugo (377). Salsi-
puedes, in Dicksonieto; 660 m. s. m. (386 p. p.). Quebrada Gutierrez; in silva;
c. 300 m. s. m. (387). Quebrada Juanango; c. 250 m.s. m. (383, 384). Ubique
ad ligna putrida.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; ad truncos arborum (388). In valle
Mono; ad truncum Dzcksoniae (378). Quebrada del Blindado; 400—440 m. s. m.
(489, 500). In silva inter Sanchez et Toltén; ad ligna putrida; 515 m. s. m.
(390). Cordon Barril (498).
Species Rk. callido (Mont.) Jaeg. foliorum forma affinis, sed caule com-
planato foliisque + distincte subsecundis nec falcatis oculo nudo jam digno-
scenda.
Rh. caespitosum (Sw.) Jaeg.
Masatierra: Cordén Escarpado, El Pico; ad moles humidiusculos; 365
m. s. m. (497). Quebrada Juanango; ad arbores (370).
Masafuera: Quebrada de la Loberia; ad arbores; 280 m. s. m. (496).
Area: Antilles, Trinidad, tropical and subtropical parts of South America.
442 V. F. BROTHERUS
Rh. (Aptychus) caespitosoides Broth. n. sp.
Autoicum; gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, late extensis,
lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis. Caulis elongatus, repens, per totam longitudinem
hic illic fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, dense ramosus, ramis brevibus. Folia
sicca laxe imbricata, humida erecto-patentia, concava, oblongo-elliptica, sensim
lanceolato-acuminata, c. 1,7 mm longa et c. 0,5 mm lata, marginibus erectis,
integerrimis; enervia; cellulis angustissimis, haud incrassatis, infimis aureis,
alaribus oblongis, versiculosis, aureis vel hyalinis. Bracteae perichaetii erectae,
acumine brevi, serrulato. Seta usque ad 1,5 cm alta, tenuis, rubra. Theca
horizontalis, e collo distincto ovalis, sicca deoperculata sub ore parum con-
stricta, pallida. Operculum longe subulatum.
Masafuera: Quebrada de las Casas; ad truncos in rivulo; c. 200 m. s. m.
(493). Ibidem ad saxa (371). Ibidem ad saxa rivuli (494, 495).
Species praecedenti similis, sed bracteis perichaetii acumine brevi in-
structis dignoscenda.
Rh. (Aptychus) brachycladulum Broth. n. sp.
Autoicum; gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densiusculis, laete viri-
dibus, aetate fuscescenti-viridibus, sericeo-nitidis. Caulis elongatus, repens, per
totam longitudinem fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, densissime ramosus, ramis
brevissimis, erectis, simplicibus, obtusis. Folia erecto-patentia, concava, oblongo-
elliptica, lanceolato-acuminata c. 1,5 mm longa et usque ad 0,6 mm lata, mar-
ginibus erectis, integerrimis; enervia; cellulis angustissimis, haud incrassatis,
infimis aureis, alaribus’ oblongis, vesiculosis, plerumque hyalinis. Bracteae
perichaetii erectae, sensim lanceolato-subulatae, integrae. Seta vix ultra 5 mm
alta, tenuissima, rubra, laevissima. Theca suberecta vel inclinata, regularis,
oblonga, sicca deoperculata sub ore constricta, fuscidula. Operculum longe
rostratum.
Masatierra: Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca; ad truncum Cofrosmatis
triflort; 435 m. s. m. (369). Yunque ad truncum (368).
Rigodium Kunz.; Schwaegr.
R. toxarion (Schwaegr.) Schimp.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (BERTERO, DOUGLAS, E. C. REED);
Puerto Frances; ad basin truncorum; c. 500 m. s. m. (412, 416, 419). In jugo
inter Quebrada Laura et Quebrada Piedra Agujereada; c. 600 m. s. m. (415) et
650 m. s. m. (406). Quebrada de la Damajuana; in silva (374, 413, 428). El
Yunque; 4—500 m. s. m. (431, 436, 438). Cumberland Bay, Pico Central; 390
m. s. m. (421). Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca; ad basin truncorum; 435 m.
s. m. (400, 408, 437, 441). Cerro Pirdmide; c. 600 m. s. m. (407, 411). Porte-
zuelo; c. 600 m. s. m. (430) et c. 550 m. (417). Infra Portezuelo de Villagra;
ad ligna putrida; c. 500 m. s. m. (460). Quebrada Gutierrez; in silva; c. 300
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 443
m. s. m. (410). Cordon Salsipuedes: 615 m. s. m. (401, 405); in Dicksonieto;
660 m. s. m. (420); in silva lapidosa; 625 m. s. m. (427); in fruticetis; 615 m.
s. m. (462). Quebrada Juanango; ad cataractam (403) et ad terram; c. 250
m: s. m. (422). In trajectu Villagra; ad rupem praeruptam; c. 600 mi. s. m.
(414). Quebrada de la Choza; ad truncos; c. 250 m. s. m. (298, 402, 461, 482).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; in silva (439, 443). Quebrada del Blin-
dado; ad terram et lapides; 440 m. s. m. (442). In jugo supra Varadero; ad
truncos in Dicksonieto; 8—go00 m. s. m. (409). Quebrada de la Loberia; ad
terram et lapides silvae; 280 m. s. m. (440).
Area: Tropical and subtropical parts of South America, Patagonia.
R. arborescens (C. Mill.) Broth.
Masatierra: Ad rupem praeruptam infra Portezuelo; c. 500 m. s. m. (424,
I I 5 4
426). Salsipuedes; in silva jugi (425).
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; in silva (463). Quebrada de las Casas;
ad moles sat frequenter (464, 465). Ad terram inter Sanchez et Toltén; 515
m; Ss: m. (423).
Area: Chile.
R. hylocomioides Card. et Broth.
Masafuera: Correspondencia; c. 1100 m. s. m. (466).
Area: Patagonia.
R. robustum Broth. n. sp
Dioicum; robustum, caespitosum, caespitibus laxis, rigidis, fuscescentibus,
vix nitidiusculis. Caulis elongatus, repens, nudus, divisionibus usque ad 5 cm
longis, inferne simplicibus, dein bipinnatim ramosis, ramis vix ultra 2 cm longis,
arcuatulis, attenuatis vel obtusis. Folia caulina subsquarrosa, late cordato-
ovata, raptim in acumen lanceolato-subulatum attenuata, c. 1,5 mm longa et c.
0,8 mm lata, marginibus basi recurvis, integris vel acumine minutissime serru-
latis; nervo in acumine evanido; cellulis incrassatis, lumine angusto. Folia
ramea erectiora, minora, ovato-lanceolata, superne minutissime serrulata. Caetera
ignota.
Masatierra: Salsipuedes; in silva lapidosa jugi; 625 m. s. m. (429).
Species a congeneribus statura multo robustiore oculo nudo jam digno-
scenda.
Rhynchostegium Bryol. eur.
Rh. complanum (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Masatierra: Quebrada de la Damajuana; in silva (432, 435). Ad rupem
praeruptam infra Portezuelo; c. 500 m. s. m. (433). In jugo Portezuelo; in
silva; c. 550 m. s. m. (434).
444 V. F. BROTHERUS
Masafuera: Quebrada del Blindado; ad truncos; 440 m. s. m. (506).
Area: Chile.
Rh. tenuifolium (Hedw.) Jaeg.
Masatierra: Sine loco designato (E. C. REED).
Area: Uruguay, Chile, East Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand.
Catagoniopsis Broth.
C. Berteroana (Mont.) Broth.
Masatierra; Sine loco designato (MOSELEY).
Peace nile:
Hy pnodendraceae.
Hypnodendron Lindb.
H. microstictum Mitt.
Masafuera: Quebrada del Mono; in silva (267 p. p.). Cerro Correspon-
dencia; c. 1100 m. (340).
Area: Chile.
Polytrichaceae.
Oligotrichum Lam. et DC.
QO. canaliculatum (Hook.) Mitt. var. minus Broth. n. var.
A typo foliis brevioribus, seta vix ultra 1 cm alta nec non theca multo
minore differt.
Masafuera: Ad rupes terra obtectas inter Casas et Chozas; c. 450 m.
s. m. (467, 468).
Area of O. canaliculatum typicum: Chile.
Psilopilum Brid.
P. antarcticum C. Miill.
Masafuera: Las Torres; ad rupes; 1370 m. s. m. (469).
Area: Fuegia, Kerguelen, South Georgia.
THE MUSCI OF THE JUAN FERNANDEZ ISLANDS 445
Polytrichadelphus (C. Mil.) Mitt.
P. magellanicus (L.) Mitt.
Masafuera: Correspondencia; in campo; 1I—1300 m. s. m. (470, 471) et
c. 1400 m. s. m. (472).
Area: Patagonia, Fuegia, Falkland Isl., Tasmania, New Zealand, Auck-
land and Campbell Isl.
Dendroligotrichum (C. Mill.) Broth.
D. dendroides (Brid.) Broth.
Masafuera: Correspondencia (473); c. 1100 m. s. m. (474) et 1150 m. s. m.
(475). Quebrada de las Casas; c. 200 m. s. m. (476).
Area: Peru, Chile, Patagonia, New Zealand.
As JOHOW’s book on the Botany of Juan Fernandez has long been the
principal source of information regarding these islands and will, it is assumed,
continue to be consulted, I have found it useful to copy his list of mosses
and add the name for each species as used in my list. In several cases an
identification, for want of original specimens from the islands, has not been
possible.
Racopilum tomentosum Brid. Probably the same as Rh. fernandezianum
Card. :
Stereodon Lechleri (C. Mill.) Mitt. = Hypnum Lechleri C. Mill.
Hypnum circinale Hook. =?
Hypnum tenuifolium Hedw. = Rhynchostegium tenuifolium (Hedw.) Jaeg.
Hypnum neckeroides Hook. =?
Hypnum Berteroanum Mont. = Catagoniopsis Berteroana (Mont.) Broth.
Hypnum serrulatum Hedw. =?
Hypnum aciculare Brid. Probably the same as Ptychomnium subaciculare
Besch.
Hypnum toxarion Schwaegr. = Rigodium toxarion (Schwaegr.) Schimp.
Hypnum crassiusculum Schwagr. =?
Leskia mollis Hedw. = Weymouthia mollis (Hedw.) Broth.
Leptodon Smithii Mohr. = L. Smithii (Dicks.) Mohr.
Lepidopilum splendidissimum Mitt. = Lamprophyllum_ splendidissimum
(Mont.) Schimp. :
Pterygophyllum denticulatum Mitt. = P. denticulatum (Hk. f. et Wils.) Mitt.
Porotrichum confertum Mitt. = Thamnium confertum (Mitt.).
Porotrichum latinerveS Mitt. — Thamnium latinerve (Mitt.).
Porotrichum rigidum Mitt. = Thamnium rigidum (Mitt.) Broth.
Lepyrodon parvulus Mitt. = L. parvulus Mitt.
446 Vv.
F. BROTHERUS
Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. = F. asplenioides (Sw.) Hedw.
Mielichhoferia longiseta C. Mill. = M. longiseta C. Miill.
Bartramia stricta Brid. =?
Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. = F. hygrometrica (L.) Hedw.
Macromitrium urceolatum Brid. =?
Macromitrium fimbriatum Schwaeegr. =?
Macromitrium saxatile Mitt. = M. saxatile Mitt.
Glyphomitrium fernandezianum Mitt. = Ptychomitrium fernandezianum
(Mitt.).
Notarisia crispata Mont. =;
Oncophorus cyathicarpus Mitt. = Amphidium cyathicarpum (Mont.) Broth.
Oncophorus striatus Mitt. =?
Zygodon obovalis Mitt. = Z. obovalis Mitt.
Tortula flagellaris Mont. = T. flagellaris (Schimp.) Mont.
Trichostomum longifolium Brid. =?
Campylopus introflexus Brid. = C. introflexus (Hedw.) Brid.
Campylopus leptodus Mitt. = Thysanomitrium leptodus (Mitt.).
Dicranum Billardieri Schwagr. = Dicranoloma Billardieri (Schwaegr.) Par.
Phascum nervosum Hook. = Pleuridium Robinsonii (Mont.) Mitt.
Amphidum cyathicarpum.......
AnacOlia SUDSESSIS & % u\ sce. sayeque
Bariranbaparistatay. "5. o.¢-2, +. 5\2s™ 5 dense
= wrertiandeziana (Gard)... 2.
=> \ [MERE Soke ECM Cni enmerianaee sue
Brentelia Masaiuerae=, 2.5... . 2:
Bryum fernandezianum-........
== ILGa nlc Sis re ene oe eee
Canipylopusyaberrans 3). sire yw ie
S—MIEEOGICIVON oe wots Soe)
= HUE GOT CS Ft re rae
Sa mtrOHexus =.) +!
cee BPOUVETICHOTCES i fs eo ss
SS SUDALCOCICtYON teyeh hf cyy) 23) . 03
SeMMRELULMICALUIS Geese lge Co P-L EP sp sy 3. *
Catagoniopsis Berteroana.......
Cyptodon crassinervis .
Dendrocryphaea cuspidata ......
Dendroligotrichum dendroides
Dicranella costata
Cliewy ?: wi lat neshe fiefs =
— capillifolioides ....... ee
—saeaputolim. 83S res Se)
— fernandezianum
win eier am) =, a)...
Index.
AII Dicranoloma Menziesii |. 2/-92) saan 413
25 —( nigricauley<i:i45 5 +2heyeaeeee 414
426 Didymodon calymperidictyon ..... 419
426 == linearis oo .,-4.06 4. = 2 ne 419
426 Distichophyllum assimile ....... 434
427 —‘"fernandezianum >’. 2)°5 eee 435
42 —* subelimbatum (1.1. 22 eeee 434
422 Ditrichumvaffine; 2ti-))- "205. see 410
414 — Jongisetiim.< 42.)-\s-:5) =) eee 410
415 Eriopus Srandiretis — = . -)-)). eee 436
416 — leptoloma . . =.5 >. eee 436
414 Eucamptodon perichaetialis ...... 416
414 Eustichia Poeppigii. 26). esa 435
415 Fissidens ‘asplenioides .1(2);-)- pean 418
414 —» CEassicUSPiS.:4.)-.© <5 pees 417
444 — fernandezianus . < ~,. -joss ame 417
428 —Teptochzte -.-*... ">. =) eaeaea ": aa
428 — maschalanthus. |-42°2"2ieeeee 417
445 — | pycnotylus > <2) cose 418
412 — |Tigidulus;«i42. sj hee 417
413 Funaria ,hygrometrica 7/5. ==) 423
413 Grimmia phyllorhizans . . ~ > ee). 419
413 Gymnostomum calcareum. ...... 4II
412 Hymenostomum Kunzeanum .... . 4II
THE MUSCI
Hypnodendron microstictum. . ,
yoni Leclerc gs) 6 ss
Hypopterygium Thouini ... .
Isopterygium fernandezianum
Lamprophyllum splendidissimum
Eeptodon Smithii....... 3 > .
Leptodontium fernandezianum .
Leptostomum Menziesii. . .
Eepyrodon implexus ......
Bem PALVULUS) 5) “a Go stem sce aw BE
— tomentosus ....
Lopidium concinnum :
Macromitrium fernandezianum . .
— hymenostomum
— Masafuerae. .
Semmes ACE “sie Vat e)-
Mielichhoferia longiseta .
Neckera rotundata . . :
Oligotrichum canaliculatum . .
Oncophorus fuegianus .....
Phmonots clabrata .-.<.. . .
meCralscandris) a ss. tbo wits
= MeSGADMTOM Ase, 3.3 lw se
SEAMS STL SUS) (07. iat \2,) ae
Pinnatella macrosticta .....
Pleuridium Robinsonii .....
Polytrichadelphus magellanicus .
Porothamnium arbusculans .. .
——MASCICHIAtHIM 4. . . « - -
SMMITINEEVE) schist eye -2)15) 2
Psilopilum antarcticum ....
Pterygophyllum anomalum .. .
S—wedenticulatam . «4. -)
MOUSCUEMIM srs <4 ee
= fein A soa
Ptychomnium falcatulum ....
Seaptychocarplumn 2°. >...)
EEnISubacrculares . 2. =\io) «6
Ptychomitrium fernandezianum .
Rhacocarpus Humboldti. . .. .
Or
THE
444
439
437
440
437
430
418
424
429
428
JUAN
FERNANDEZ ISLANDS
Rhacomitrium convolutum .
— lanuginosum....
==). 1OMLORMIEY gener cee ke
— striatipilum... 2...
— subnigrium .....
— symphyodontum
Rhacopilum fernandezianum .
Rhaphidostegium aberrans .
brachycladulum
— caespitosoides
— caespitosum .. .
— Masafuerae .
Rhizogonium mnioides
— Novae Hollandiae .
Rhynchostegium complanum
— tenuifolium ...
Rigodium arborescens .
— hylocomioides . .
— robustum ...-..
=——'* TOXaTION, 4) ws eA ee
Sciaromium pachyloma .. .
Stenomitrium pentastichum .
Thamnium assimile. ... .
=" Garoliee eaves
=~ confertum (:'6). =
— crassinervium.....
=n Hin acre het as Maer
— proboscideum ....
==) sLICiGUmy Fleet ay es
Thuidium Masafuerae. .. .
a AVAGINIAC SS .01s ey
Thysanomitrium leptodus . .
— Richardt <2... .
Mortulastlace arise <5 ie
== Scabrinmervis, -)-) sac
Trichostomum brachydontium
lope ruilagy ice ek er oe
Weymouthia mollis... - .
Zygodon Menziesii .....
a ODO NALS! oy cine elton 2 of
.
448 Vv. F. BROTHERUS
Explanation of Plates.
Plate 26.
1—4. Fissidens fernandezianus Broth.: 7—2 sterile plant (*/1, '°/1); 3 leaf (75/1); 7 apex
or dear (22/4):
s—8. Fussidens crassicuspes Broth.: 5—6 sterile plant (*/, 10/1). 7 leaf (25/2); 6) apex of
leann(229/3))
g—12. Fissidens pycnotylus Broth.: 9—zo sterile plant (1/1, 1/1); 77 leaf (78/4); 72 apex
of leaf (29/1).
13—15. Leptodontium fernandezianum Broth.: 73 sterile plant (1/1); 74 leaf (1/1); 75 apex
Ormleata(st/s):
16—20. Didymodon calymperidictyon Broth.: 76—r7 sterile plant (1/1, 1%/1); 78 leaves
(75/1); zg apex of leaf (1/1); 20 base of leaf (7°91).
21—24. Grimmia phyllorhizans Broth.: 27 fertile plant (1/1); 22 leaf (?/1); 23 apex of
leaf (59/1); 2¢ base of leaf (5/1).
25—28. Macromitrium fernandezianum Broth.: 25 fertile plant (*/1); 26 leaves (9/1); 27
apex of leaf (7/1); 28 base of leaf ('7/1).
29—32. Macromitrium Masafuerae Broth.: 29 sterile plant (*/1); 30 leaves (?°/1) 37 apex
Of deafyG'/1); 92) base of leaf (279/s).
3335. Ltvchomnium falcatulum Broth.: 33 fertile plant (#/1); 34 leaf (/1); 35 apex of
keane (Gaui)
Plate 27.
1—2. Lriopus leptoloma Broth.; 7 leaves (?°/1); 2 apex of leaf (8/1).
3—4. Eriopus grandiretis Broth.: 3 leaves (#5/1); ¢ apex of leaf (°/1).
s—6. Pterygophyllum tenuinerve Broth.: 5 leaf (?°/1); 6 apex of leaf (°/1).
7—8. Distichophyllum fernandezianum Broth.: 7 leaves (75/1); 8 apex of leaf (7/1).
g—10. Distichophyllum subelimbatum Broth.: 9 leaves (25/1); zo apex of leaf (1°/1).
11-13. Weckera rotundata Broth,: 77 sterile plant ('/1); 72 leaf (75/1); 73 apex of leaf (*%/1).
14—15. Pinnatella macrosticta Broth.: 7g leaves (75/1); 75 apex of leaf (#°9/1).
Printed 4/3 1024.
Nat. Hist. Fuan Fernandez and Easter Isl. Vol. I.
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