Skip to main content

Full text of "A twentieth century history of Trumbull County, Ohio; a narrative account of its historical progress, its people, and its principal interests"

See other formats 


|»ll»WasP''>?.f' 


G=  Kyi 

977.101  M. 

T77up 
v.l 

1411087  , 


REYNOLD'^  T-^^rTORJCATl 
GEKEALOGY  COLLECTiOtf 


ALLEN  COUNTY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  1833  00824  4375 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

Allen  County  Public  Library  Genealogy  Center 


http://www.archive.org/details/twentiethcentury01upto 


A  TWENTIETH  CENTURY 

HISTORY 

OF 

Trumbull  County 
Ohio 

A  NARRATIVE  ACCOUNT  OF  ITS  HISTORICAL 

PROGRESS,  ITS  PEOPLE,  AND  ITS 

PRINCIPAL  INTERESTS 


HARRIET   TAYLOR   UPTON 

OF   WARREN 


VOLUME    I 

ILLUS'TOA'f'ED 
r  7  7  u  fD 
\Ui 


THE  LEWIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
CHICAGO 

1909 


iv  PREFACE 

History  of  Cleveland,  Whittlesey's  History  of  Clevelaiid, 
Mathews'  History  of  the  "Western  Reserve,  the  reports  of  the 
Ohio  Arehseologieal  Sot-iety,  tlie  Historieal  Collection  of  the 
Mahoning  Valley  Association,  particularly  the  c]ia])ter  on  War- 
ren prepared  by  LeAvis  Morris  Iddings,  the  works  of  lion.  B.  A. 
Hinsdale,  Hon.  Jas.  A.  Garfield,  the  Memorial  to  the  Pioneer 
Women  of  the  Westei'n  Reserve,  and  many  others. 

She  has  taken  great  pains  to  verify  all  dates,  names  ami 
facts  and  yet  she  knows  there  will  be  errors.  She  therefore 
begs  those  of  critical  minds  to  do  some  work  of  the  same  char- 
acter before  passing  tinal  .indgment  on  this. 

HARRIET  TAYLOR  UPTOX. 


14110S7 

PREFACE 


Cei 


In  writiug  this  History  of  Trumlmll  County  tlie  author 
has  not  attemjited  to  present  exhaustively  any  one  of  its  many 
interesting  and  important  features  nor  on  the  other  hand  to 
make  of  it  an  encyclopedia.  She  has  aimed  to  tell  in  a  simple 
^vay  the  simple  story  of  an  earnest,  honest  people,  believing 
that  when  such  homely  facts  are  known  the  readers  will  be 
lietter  able  to  rmderstand  the  historical  significance  of  the  past 
and  the  conditions  of  today.  She  used  as  far  as  possible  orig- 
inal MSS.,  letters,  ])ictures  and  maps,  but  in  the  main  does  not 
feel  that  the  volume  contains  much  which  is  truly  new.  Even 
that  which  has  heretofore  been  unpublished  will  probably  be  of 
more  interest  to  the  next  historian  than  to  the  readers  of  today. 
She  has  done  away  with  footnotes  and  has  quoted  liberally 
from  all  printed  matter  obtainable  on  the  subject.  She  has 
tried  to  show  what  part  women  jilayed  in  the  early  settlement 
of  the  county  and  their  standing  today.  For  ages  men  have 
written  books  and  naturally  have  so  well  portrayed  the  doings 
of  men  that  the  world  understands  them.  ^Vhen  women  write 
as  generally,  then  will  women's  jiart  in  history  be  e(iually  clear. 
She  is  indebted  to  the  Western  Keserve  Historical  Society  for 
many  valuable  books  and  ])apers ;  to  Mr.  H.  K.  ]\Iorse  of  Poland 
and  Mr.  "Whittlesey  Adams  of  Warren  for  prepared  material 
and  important  facts;  to  the  descendants  of  the  early  families 
who  were  untiring  in  assisting  her  to  corroborate  and  elucidate 
statements,  —  ]jarticularly  was  this  true  of  ]iliss  Elizabeth 
Iddings  of  Warren.  She  has  (pioted  bodily  and  used  ideas  and 
facts  from  Howe's  Historical  Collection,  Williams'  History  of 
Trumbull  County,  Portage  County  History,  Kennedy's  Early 


CONTENTS 


ClIAPTKl!  J. 
Eeasox  fok  Colonization'.  —  C'oi.i^Misrs.  —  Jsauiclla. —  I'ilgiiims. — 

PUBITANS 1 

CHAPTER  II. 
Spain. — PouTrGAi,. — Fuanck. — England. — The  Vikginia  C'iiaetlr      4 

C'HAPTEP  Iir. 

Connecticut  Constitution. — Ciiauteu  of  1GG2. — Ciiakteu  Oak. — 
Connecticut  in  Pennsylvania. — -Connecticut  Massacee  and 
Loss  OF  Claim. — Charles  II"s  Geogeapiiy. — Connecticut  Ee- 

SEEVES  PaET  of  IIER   GeANT 8 

CHAPTEPt  IV. 

CO-AnilTTEE  APPOINTED  BY  CONNECTICUT  LEGISLATURE. — ElEE  LaNDS. 

— Second  Comjiittee. — Oeiginal  Puuciiasees. — Quantity  of 
Land  ok  the  Eeseeve. — Xatul'al  Resources. — Men  who  pre- 
ceded Connecticut  Settlers. — Garfield's  Speech 13 

CHAPTER  A . 

Yankees. — Pennsylv.vnia  Dutch. — Scotch  Irish. — Salt  Speings. 

— JuD(iE  SAiiuia.  11.  Parsons 23 

CH.VPTER  YI. 

List  of  Lirkitoes  and  Surveyors  of  Connec;ticut  Land  Coii- 
PANY. — The  Wo.AiEN  OF  THE  Party. — Details  of  the  Trip. — 
Schenectady. — Eoet  Oswego.  —  Canandaigua.  —  Buffalo.  — 
Council  with  the  Indians  at  Buffalo  Creek. — Whiskey  and 
THE  Surveying  Party. — Coxneaut. — July  4th,  179(j 37 

CHAPTER  YTI. 

Indian  Council  at  Coxneaut. — Tin-:  Start  of  the  Sueveyoes. — 
Setting  the  Coenee  Post. — Running  the  Paeallel. — Si-ii- 
jier  at  Cleveland. — Retuen  Hojie. — Wixtice  at  Clevelaxd. — 
WixTEE  at  Coxneaut. — Starvation 3.5 


vi  CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  VIIT. 

Setii  Pkask. — SruvEYixG  Pakty  of  1797. — Tkip  Orx. — Suji-aiei! 
SrifVEY. — ^Irc'it  Sickness. —  Fiust  Hauvest. — Aiizi  Atwatek. 
liELTl.'X  IIi):\iE -li 

CHAPTER  IX. 
KiXGSBURy's  Deed. — SorxHERx  Poktion  of  Couxty  Settled  First. 

PlOXEEliS  OF  "98  AND  "99. JoiIX'  YoUNG. JaJIES  HiLLMAX. 

Edwards.— DoAX'. — Carter. — Honey. — Harmox. — Lovelaxd. — 
Morgan. — Harpersfield. — Coxxeaut.  —  Thorpe.  —  Tappax. — 
HuDsox. — Caxfield. —  Sheldox.  —  AValworth. — Paixe.  —  At- 

W.iTER. Ha  I.E. CA:\lP]iF,LE. ^llI,ES 48 

CHAPTER  X. 

How  THE  First  Settlers  Cajie. — Carryixg  Cuildrex  ix*  Aproxs. — 
The  B.vby's  Cry. — Seeds  and  Plaxts. — Chestnut  STUjrps  as 
Stoyes. — First  Ovex's. — First  Laiixdries. — Early  Houses. — 
WiXTER  Evenings. — Dishes. — Bric-a-brac. — Chairs. — Finan- 
cial Depexdexce. — Books. — First  Schools. — Pies.  —  Clotii- 
ixG.  —  Big  Fajiilies.  —  Woincx's  Siioics.  —  Horseback  to 
Church. — Sleepixg  ox  Husiia\ii"s  ({rave. — BiiEAD-iiAicixc. — 
Bears. — Whiskey 60 

CHAl'TFR  XI. 

IvVI.'LV  SlCTTLI'RS  OF  WaRREX. — (^ULXBY. — StORER. — JMcilAHOX. — CoST 

OE  Park. —  Lane.  —  Case.  —  Kino.  —  Leavitt.  —  Fajiilies  of 
THESE  Men.  —  Adgate.  —  Early  Houses.  —  County  •\mthout 
Law. — Forjiatiox"  of  County 73 

chaptfr  xn. 

First  Court  IldisE. — Oruuxal  Subscriptiox  List  for  Same. — 
Brick  Poxu. — Secoxd  CIoirt  House. — Sale  of  First  Court 
House. — Court  Crier. — First  Jail  in  Warrex. — Second  Jail. 
— Debtor's  Rooji. — Third  Jail. — Fourth  Jail. — County"  Seat 
War 90 

(il.M'TKi;   XIII. 

Ja.\ii:s  Scott  IIousi:. — .Mrs.  Scott  ank  Indians. — iliis.  Rowe. — 
Mrs.  Justus  Sjiith. — Mi.'s.  'J'od. — ({raeter  House. — Parsox's 
Ho.ME. — .Mrs.  Edwards"  Weddinc;. — Rawdon  House. — Castle 
William. — Lane  House. — ^Home  of  ILiNRY  and  ^Lvry  Stiles. 
— Stevens-Crowell  Place. — Webb  Pj!operty. — Dana's  Insti- 
TU'i'E. —  I'cASE  Home. — Iddings  Home. — South  Street  Social 
Ci:xTi;it. —  liiDiN'fis  ^Iap 99 


CONTENTS  vii 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Early  Letters. — Eihst  ^Iail  Iioutk. — Fikst  Postmastek. — Gex- 
EKAL  Perkins  axd  Mail  Routes.  —  Eleazer  Gilsox.  —  Asael 
Adams  as  Mail  Carrier. — Carrying  Bullets  to  General  Per- 
Kixs.  —  Advertised  List.  —  List  of  Warren  Postmasters. — 
Presidential  Office J".M 

CHAPTER  XV. 

Indian  Paths. — First  Roads. — Coaches.  —  Ferries.  —  Lotticry. — 

Canals. — Railroads 127 

CHAPTER  X\l.— BENCH  AND  BAR. 

Introduction.  —  Biour  aimiical     Sketches.  —  Stories. —  List     of 

Judges 1  ^"- 

CHAPTEI!  XVIl. 

Indians  as  Warriors. — State  iliLiTiA. — Soldiers  of  ISl','. — Sol- 
diers OF  isiil. — \\'arrk\   Benevolent  Society' Ui4 

CHAPTER  XVIII.— HHI.Ki IOCS  ORGANIZATIONS. 

Connecticut  Law. — Fif.st  ilissioNARiEs. — First  Church  in  Old 
Trujibull  County. — First  Preaching. — Baptist  Church. — 
Presbyterian  Church — Christ  Church  (Episcopal). — Cen- 
tral Christian  Church.  —  First  Methodist  F^piscopal 
Church. — St.  JIary's  Church  (Roman  Catholic). — German 
Lutheran  Church. — Zion  Reformed  Church. — Tod  Avenue 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. — Christian  Science  Church. 
— Grace  United  Ev.vngelical  Church. — Second  Christian 
Church  "^35 

CHAPTER    NIX.— SCHOOLS. 

School  Lands  in  Western  Reserve. — First  Schools  and  Teach- 
ers IN  Warren.  —  Warren  Academy'.  —  School  Discipline. — 
Select  Schools. — Beginning  of  Public  School  Systeji. — 
Eably  Teachers  and  Superintendents.  —  Reminiscences. — 
L'ncomfortable  Schoolhouses. — Old-time  Pedagogy'.  —  War- 
ren SCHOOLHOUSES  FOR  FiFTY  YeARS. PUBLIC  SCIIOOL  TEACH- 
ERS.— Bo.yrd  of  Education.  —  Superintendents.  —  Alumni  of 
Warren  High  School ■.'84 

CHAPTFR  NX.— MEDICINE. 

Fraternity  of  Trumbull  County  Physicians. — Theodore  Shep- 

ard,  "pliysician." — wo,men  in  the  profession. mulvculous 

Cures.  —  John  W.  Seely. — John  B.  Harmon.  —  Daniel  B. 
Woods. — Physicians  of  Lati:r  Ti.mes. — ^Iedical  Notes :!i.'i 


viii  COXTENTS 

C'JIAPTEI!  XXI. 
Masoxs. — Odd  1-'j;llo«>-. — Kxiuhts  of  1'ytiiias 337 

CHAPTEIJ  XXI I .— B AXKS. 

Old  Wksteux  Eesekve  Bank. — FuiST  X'atioxal  Baxk. — Wareex" 
Savixgs  Baxk.  —  Commercial  X'atioxal  Baxk. — Uxiox'  Xa- 
xioxAL  Baxk.  —  Secoxd  Xatioxal  Baxk.  —  Trumbull  Xa- 
TioxAL  Baxk. — Westerx  Eeserte  Xatioxal  Bax'k. — Farmers' 
Baxkixg  Comi'axy  of  West  Farmixgtox. — Dollar  Savixgs 
Baxk  CoiirAxv  of  Xiles. — First  Xatioxal  Baxk  of  Cort- 
laxd. — X'oRTii  Bloo:\ifielu  Baxkixg  Compaxy oil 

CHAPTEi;  XXIH.— XEWSPAPEES. 

First  Xewsp-U'er  ox  Westerx  Eeserve^  "Trump  of  Fame." — 
Chaxged  to  "Westerx  Eeseeve  Chroxicle.'" — Peculiar  Clip- 
PixGs  FROii  "Trump  of  Fame." — "Trumbull  Couxty  AYhig." 
— "Trumbull  Couxty  Democrat." — "Warrex  Daily*  Chrox- 
icle."— "Xews  Letter." — "TheCoxstitutiox.'" — "TheWarrex" 
Eecord.""  —  "Westerx  Eeserve  Democrat."  —  "AYarrex"  Trib- 
uxE." — "The  Liberty  Herald." — "The  Cortlaxd  Gazette.'" — 
—  "Cortlaxd  Herald."  —  "Xiles  Ixdepexdext."  —  "Xiles 
Xews" 3-36 

CHAPTEE  XXIV.— CEMETEEIES. 

First  Bury^x'g  Grouxd  ix^  Westerx  Eeserte. — Wareex  Cemetery 
axd  its  Distix-guished  Dead. — Coffixs  axd  Hearses. — Oak- 
■\vood  Cemetep.y 369 

CHAPTEE  XXV. 

Agiucultural  Fairs. — First  ^Iills 374 

CHAPTEE  XXVI. 

Warkex  Debatixg  Society^. — Members  axd  Descexdaxts. — Public 
Library. — Circulatixg  Libiliry. — Warrex  Library  Associa- 
tion.— The  Carnegie  Library. — Trumbull  County  Artists.  .  379 

CHAPTEE  XX^^I.  .. 

Fire  Department. — Fire  of  1846. — Peoiitive  ^Methods  of  Fire 
Protectiox'. — Fire  Companies  axd  Apparatus. — "The  GRE_i.T 
FiRi:." — City  Hall  axd  Paid  Departmext 388 

CHAPTEE  XXVIII. 

Germax  Ameeicax'  Fa'Milies  of  Trumbull  Couxty'.  —  Dax*iel 
Bischoff. — Christianar.  Voit.  Dietz,  Siialer.  Derr,  Goerixg. 
Hucke,  Waldeck,  Koehler,  etc 396 


CONTEXTS  ix 

CHAPTER  XXIX.— BliACEVILLE. 

JuxATiiAX  Brace. — Oviatt  Fajiii.y. — Otiieu  Settleks. — .Schools 
AXD  Churches. — Phaeaxx. — ""B.vttee  of  the  Sxakes."" — Tok- 
XADO 401 

CHAPTER   XXX.— BAZETTA. 

BaZETTA    AXD    THE    CoUXTY    SeAT.  —  FlKST    Setteeks.  —  P'llisr    Oi;- 

cHAi;i). — Bacoxshurc  oi;  Corteaxi). — Schools  axu  ('i[n;ciii;s.  .    lo^; 

CHAPTER  XXXI.— BLOOMFIELD. 

Fuisr  Pi;oi'iiiEroi;s.  —  Graxd  River  axd  BLOOiEFna.D  Swamps. — 
Ferry  FAnrn.Y. — A  Pioxeei!  Doc;. — ^Fex  axd  Wojiex  of  Note. 
— Browx  F-V-\iily. — Schools  axd  Churches 113 

( 'H AFTER    XXXII.— BROOKFIELD. 

"The   Greex." — First   Persoxs  axd   Ex'exts. — Miles   axd   Blast 

FuRXA('E. — Schools  axd  Te.vciiers. — Churches ^24 

CHAPTER  XXXIII.— BRISTOL. 

GEiniAx  Settlers.  —  Baughmax.  Sagei;  axd  B.vrbe.  —  Schools. — 
^Fexxoxitk  axd  Otiiei!  Religious  Or(;axi/;aii(ixs.  —  Te.m- 
TERAXCE    4"38 

CHAPTER   XXXIV.— CHAMPIOX. 

The  Rutax'  Family.  —  .V  Pet  Deer.  —  William  Woodkow.  —  ^Irs. 
AYalker's  Exi'ERiExcE  WITH  A  Bear. — Eai;ly  Sciiool  Teach- 
ers.— Churches 433 

CHAPTER  X X XV.— FARM IX GTOX . 

Origixai.  ( )wxE!;s  ,\xd  Xa:\ie. — The  AVolcotts. — Taftsville. — AIrs. 
James  Stull. — Lee  Family. — The  Hydes. — Other  Pioxeees. 
— Charles  A.  Daxa.  —  Schools.  —  Faemixgtox'  Acade.my.  — 
SuBSCRii'Tiox  List  for  Preachers. — Church  Societies 441 

CHAPTER  XXXVL— FOWLER. 

Salt  Maxufacture  b\'  Ixdians.  —  ilRS.  Asa  Foote.  —  "Tyrrell 
Hill."" — Ax"  Importaxt  ^[axufacturer. — The  Morrow,  Bald- 

WIX,  DOUD  .VXD  ALDERilAX  FaiMILIES. — COXGREGATIOXAL.  ^MeTH- 
ODIST  AXD  CllRlSTIAX  ClIURCHES ■|.")"2 

CHAPTER  XXXVIL— GREEXE. 

Caxadlvx  IiuMiGRAXTs.  —  TuE  Wakefields,  Harrixgtoxs  axd 
Other  Pioxeeks.  —  Character  of  First  Settlers.  —  Pioxeer 
Ixcidexts. — Epitaphs.  —  R.  C.  Rice"s  Rejiixiscexces.  —  For- 
3IATI0X  OF  the  Towxsiiip.  —  Calvixist  Pioxeers.  —  First 
Churches. — A  Bear  Story. — Attexdixg  the  Cokwix  Meet- 
ix'G. — The  Schools  of  Greexe.^ — The  Harrixgtoxs  School.  ..   4.5S 


X  COXTEXTS 

CIlAPTKl!  XXXVIII.— (U'STAVl'S. 

J'KL'rox  Family.  —  Tin-;  liiLDKits.  —  C'alvix  Coxic.  —  OxiiEii  Early 
Familiks.  — John  Bkowx,  Jk.  —  A  Gkkat  Ixvextoi!.  —  Piiysi- 
ciAxs. — Schools  and  Teachers. — Eeligious  Ohgaxizatioxs.  . .   474 

CHAPTER  XXXIX.— HARTFOltD. 

Brii(iniLL,  Bi!ock\v.vy's  Hill,  Dutch  IUdge. — The  KuAixAnD  axd 
lUsHXELL  Families.  —  Arhival  of  Elaji  Joxes.  —  First 
EvEXTs.  —  Teachers  of  the  First  Schools.  —  CiirRcii  C'om- 
Mixiox  ]x  A  (iitovK. —  Faxxy  Daxa  GA(iE. — Oraxgeville 484 

CHAPTFi;  XL.— IIOWLAXI). 

JoHX  Hart  Adgate. — Daxiel  IIaxk. — A  Xoted  Hotel. — Seely 
Family. — Barber  Kixg. — Uatliffs.  —  IJeeves  Family.  —  The 
J-Ieatox  Stove. — Ewalt. — Kexxedy. — Schools  .\xd  Teachers. 
— IIdwi.axh  FLA(i  Stoxe. — Churches 493 

CHAPTER   XLL— HUBBARD. 

Samuel  Tylee.  —  William  Bukxett.  —  Other  Early  Fa:\iilies.^ 
AsAEL  Adams*  School. — Irox  axd  Coal. — Peluhous  Orijaxiza- 

TIOXS. — COALBURG 501 

CHAPTER  XLIL— JOHXSTOX. 

Captaix"    Bradley's     FAiiiLY.  —  Two     ^Iechaxics.  —  The     Hixe 

]'-UiTY. — Schools  axd  Churches 508 

CHAPTER   XLTIL— KlXSilAX. 

.ToHX  Tvixs:\iAx. — A  Party  of  Fa:mous  ^[ex. — A  Cheerful.  Exer- 
■  :etic  Womax. — KixsiiAX  ^[iLL. —  Dr.  Allex. — .V  Cextury-old 
ChUIICH. KlXSMAX  SCLIOOLS 513 

CHAPTER    XLR'.- LI  BICPTV. 
Fn;sr    Siri'Ti.icRs. — (iiRAiM),    CiiriicHiLL   axd    SoDoii. — The    Piio:\ii- 

XEXT     F.VMILIES    OF    ToWX     AXD    CoUXTRY. GeDM.VX    A.MERICAX 

Residexts. — Schools. —  First  Church   Op.gaxizatioxs.  —  Lib- 
erty' Churchi:s 523 

CHAPTEP    XLV.— LORDSTOWX. 

S^u\r.l.  11i)mi:sti:ai)s  ix  the  P.iigixxixc. — A  IjAxd  Deal. — Bailey's 

(■(ii;xi;i;s. — \Vi:i.l   Knowx    Fa.\[ilii:s. — Schools. — Religiox.  .  .  .   538 

CHAPTEl!   XLVL— :\1ECCA. 

'I'uh'H  WD  Kuri'i.  \xi). —  First  Settlers  axd  Evexts. — Teachers  and 

S(  liooLiioi  sEs. — Oil  Si'eculatiox. — •"Dixie." — The  Churches  545 


CONTEXTS 

ClIAl'TI-:!!    XLVIL— :\[ES()POTAilIA. 

The  Xajie. — Si'Eiiiiv   Fa.mii.y. — Tin:   (irii.Ds.  —  Thacy.  —  Pioneer 
I)evel()I'.mi:xt. —  Fii;sr   TiCAciiixd    ami    Pi!i:a('iuxi; 


CHAPTKi;  X LVl  1 1  .—X EWTOX'. 

X'lcwTdx  Falls. — "PincETOWX." — Jesse  IIalliday. — l)i;.  Pjkoxsox. 
— X'ewtox  Falls  Villaci:.  —  S(;iiools.  —  Ciirucir  ()ni;\\iy.\- 
Tioxs  ,"'i:)7 

CHAPTEi;  XLLX.—SOUTlIlXiJTOX. 

Yaxkee  Settlers.  —  '1'iie  Xortox  Family.  —  Ax  Uxtrofessiox.vl 
Physiciax. — AViriTE. — 'I'ue    SfiiooLS. — IiKLIciox   axii   its    Ad- 

IIEREXTS    .505 

( 'H APTE R  L.— VERXOX^ 

TiiOiiAs  GiuDixcs"  Xarrative. — The  Arrival  of  the  First  Set- 
tlers   AXD    THEIR    Exi'ERIEXlES. "BoDILY    lOXERCISES." ilYRA 

K.  Peltox"s  Article. — Sad  and  Bomantic  Incidex'ts  of  Pio- 
neer Life. — Veenox''s  X'otable  Families. — First  Methodist 

Class  ix'  Eeserve. — Other  ('HrRciiEs. — Verxox'  Schools....   .573 

(TLVPTEi;    LI.— VI  EXXA. 

First  Evexts.  —  Batiisheba  Burr.  —  Hctchixs.  —  Woodford.  — 
Wheeler. — Ijartholojiew. — Betts. — Huiiisox.  —  Bai.dwix.  — 
^Mackey. — 'I'liE  Schools  axd  CiirRciiEs ."iS9 

('II .\ P'llTi;  LT L— W I^ATJ I ERSFIELD. 

liARiiox  Fa.milv.  —  (Jhltown.  —  Mineral  IIidge.  —  Xiles.  —  Iron' 
JLvnufacture. — The  Eatox  Family. — Founding  axd  Growth 
OF  X'lLEs. — William  McKixley. — Schools  axd  Churches.  . . .   599 

CHAPTEK  LIIL 

Civil  Lists.  —  State  Senators.  —  il  embers  of  Coxoress.  —  State 
Eerresextatives. — ( ;ovi;rnoi;s  vuom  Truvibull  County. — ilis- 
cellaxeous  X'otes 613 


HISTORY  OF 
TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


CHAPTER  I. 


Reasons   for   Colonization. — Columbus. — Isabella. — Pilgrims. 
— Puritans. 

Desire  for  money  and  desire  for  religious  liberty,  in  the 
ratio  of  ninety-nine  to  one,  were  the  means  of  colonizing  the  New 
World.  Women  as  well  as  men  have  had  a  hand  in  this  coloniza- 
tion, but  whereas  the  motive  in  men  has  been  largely  commer- 
cial, in  women  it  has  been  largely  religious. 

When  Columbus  had  declared  his  belief  in  a  roimd  world 
and  had  explained  to  leading  men  the  great  commercial  advan- 
tages awaiting  the  nation  which  would  finance  his  scheme,  he 
was  ridiculed.  Few  men  believed  he  could  find  the  gold  of  the 
east  by  sailing  west.  Columbus,  as  man  has  always  done  when 
he  has  utterly  failed  with  men,  turned  to  a  woman — a  queen.  To 
be  sure,  he  told  her  of  the  eastern  gold  which  would  be  hers  and 
of  the  fame  which  would  come  to  Spain  but  he  dwelt  at  great 
length  on  the  opportunities  she  had  for  planting  her  religion  in 
a  new  world. 

History  tells  us  that,  because  of  her  devotion  to  her  church, 
she  sold  her  jewels  and  raised  the  necessary  money.  At  any 
rate,  we  know  she  herself  contributed  more  than  half  the  money 
he  needed,  and  made  the  town  of  Palos  give  him  two  vessels. 
The  discoveries  he  made  did  reflect  credit  u^Don  her  kingdom, 
and  through  the  upper  parts  of  South  America  and  most  of 
the  West  India  Islands,  Spanish  is  the  language  spoken,  and 
the  Roman  Catholic  religion  is  the  universal  religion.  That 
religion,  especially  its  ritual,  is  making  itself  felt  in  the  United 
States  today  in  ways  we  hardly  recognize.     That  church  mod- 

1 

Vol.  I— 1 


2  Jllfe;TOiiY   OF  TiJUMBULL  COUNTY 

itied  the  forms  of  the  j^agau  worshiij  and  adopted  them  as  their 
own.  The  Anglican  ohureh  follows  moderately  niauj-  of  these 
forms,  while  the  ordinary  Protestant  church  follows  today  at 
a  respectful  distance.  Methodist,  Baptist,  Presbyterian,  and 
so  on,  read  the  Psalter,  sing  the  Gloria,  say  the  Creed,  repeat 
the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  take  on  other  forms  to  make  the  service 
attractive  and  effective.  Three  or  four  churches  other  than 
Catholic  and  Episcoi>al  in  AVarren,  in  this  year  (1909)  had  ap- 
propriate services  during  Holy  Week.  The  vestments  of  the 
Episcopal  priest  are  fashioned  a  little  more  and  more  after  his 
Romish  brother,  while  the  garments  of  Protestant  clergymen 
distinguish  them  often  from  their  fellow  men.  In  fact,  if  the 
Pilgrims,  as  they  stepped  u])ou  the  rock,  could  have  had  a 
vision  of  the  church  of  today,  with  its  staiued  glass,  its  organ, 
its  choir,  its  forms  and  ceremonies,  possilily  they  would  have 
re-embarked. 

The  Puritans  came  to  this  country  seeking  religious  lib- 
erty. These  Puritans  were  both  men  and  women,  they  had 
been  born  in  a  constitutional  monarchy  where  the  established 
church  was  powerful,  and  the  man  became  the  monarch  of  the 
family,  and  the  man  preacher,  the  ruler  of  the  community.  On 
tlie  rocky  coast  of  New  England  the  Puritan  mother  helped  to 
carve  out  the  nation,  as  well  as  did  the  Puritan  father.  She 
loved  religious  liberty  as  well  as  did  he,  but  she  spoke  and  acted 
at  second  hand.  If  she  felt  so  strongly  that  she  let  her  voice  be 
heard,  she  endangered  her  life  and  was  sometimes  hung  or 
Imrned  as  a  witch  or  disturber.  As  we  look  back  at  the  early 
Massachusetts  days,  we  marvel  at  those  early  women.  Accus- 
tomed to  a  mild  climate,  they  bore  the  severities  of  their  new 
home  with  utmost  patience  and  resignation.  They  bore  and 
buried  their  children,  in  great  numbers,  and  most  of  them 
yielded  up  their  lives  when  young.  Hundreds  of  grave-stones 
in  New  England,  with  only  a  little  moditication,  testify  that 
"Mary  Anne  Smith  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-six,  leaving  eight 
children  to  the  tender  mercy  of  God." 

Peo])le  of  today  are  not  alone  in  wondering  how  the  Puritan 
could  think  he  had  religious  liberty  in  his  new  home,  for  some 
of  the  Massachusetts  residents  at  the  time  also  thought  so.  To 
have  more  liberty  and  a  larger  chance  for  making  money,  these 
dissatistied  people  moved  on  into  Connecticut. 

Still  later,  commercialism  and  religion,  the  latter 's  voice 
somewhat  weakened,   allured   Connecticut   jieople   to   Pennsyl- 


iiisToiiv  OF  T]!r:\ii;rLL  cotxty  3 

vania.  Here  other  men,  also  with  hive  of  money  and  i-cligioii, 
met  them  and  after  confiiet  turned  them  haek.  nr  rather  the 
survivors. 

Later,  the  C'onneetieut  ]ieopk'  made  another  effort,  going 
in  the  eastern  corner  of  the  North-West  Territory,  where  they 
aeenmuhited  property  and  modified  their  religion  and  lieeame 
powerful  and  prosperous,  as  we  shall  see. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Spain. — Portugal. — France. — England. — The  Virginl\ 
Charter. 

Columbus  was  not  the  first  mau  to  believe  the  world  was 
round,  but  he  really  believed  it,  and  was  anxious  to  prove  what 
was  then  a  theory.  In  AugiLst,  1492,  with  three  small  vessels 
and  about  one  hundred  men,  some  of  them  criminals,  he  set  sail, 
and  on  October  12th  sighted  land,  one  of  the  Bahamas.  Later 
he  discovered  Cuba.  He  returned  home  in  January.  Isabella 
and  Ferdinand,  and  in  fact  all  Spaniards  were  overjoyed  at 
the  success  of  the  enterprise.  The  Queen  hastened  to  the  Pojie, 
Alexander  VI,  and  asked  him  to  grant  to  vSpain  dominion  over 
this  new  land. 

When  in  the  beginning  Columbus  had  tried  to  interest  the 
Portugnese  in  his  adventure,  that  country  had  pretended  it  be- 
lieved nothing  in  the  theory,  but  true  to  their  reputed  natures, 
while  denying  his  claim,  these  people  started  out  sailors  to  make 
the  voyage,  thus  hoping  to  obtain  the  glory  themselves.  These 
sailors,  however,  had  not  the  faith  of  Colmnbus,  and,  soon  be- 
coming disheartened,  turned  back.  However,  when  Columbus 
returned,  Portugal  was  chagrined  and  immediately  sent  an  ex- 
pedition to  India,  via  Cape  Hope,  and  thus  De  Gama,  in  1498, 
reached  the  land  all  were  seeking,  before  any  European.  These 
facts  would  be  of  no  interest  to  the  readers  of  this  history,  ex- 
cept that  Pope  Alexander  believed  Portugal  as  well  as  Spain 
had  reached  the  "Golden  Land,"  and  "drawing  a  meridian  one 
hundred  leagues  west  of  the  Azores,  decreed  that  all  new  lands 
west  of  this  line  should  belong  to  Spain,  and  those  east  to 
Portugal." 

Columbus  died  without  knowing  that  he  had  discovered  a 
new  world.  On  his  second  voyage  he  visited  Porto  Rico,  which 
island,  four  hundred  years  later,  was  a  part  of  the  United 
States. 

Spain  and  Portugal  owned  the  land  in  the  new  world,  pro- 

4 


HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  5 

vided  the  people  who  lived  here  (erroneously  nnmed  Indians) 
had  no  claim  to  the  forests  over  which  their  fathers  liad  roamed 
many  centuries  before  either  Portugal  or  Spain  had  heard  of  a 
round  world  or  a  short  passage  to  India,  and  provided  the 
Norsemen  were  not  exj^loring  with  the  idea  of  colonizing,  which 
they  were  probably  not. 

Stupid,  penurious  Henry  VII  was  quite  disturbed  by  Colum- 
bus' success,  and  in  1497  sent  John  Cabot  after  India's  gold,  and 
the  next  year  sent  Sebastian  Cabot,  the  son,  on  the  same  errand. 
The  father  landed  on  the  North  American  coast  and  the  son  in 
the  territory'  of  the  United  States.  Neither  found  treasure  of 
any  kind,  and  so  England  discontinued  her  voyages  although 
upon  these  two  expeditions  England  later  laid  claim  to  a  goodly 
part  of  the  land  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

Spain  for  many  years  sent  explorers  or  colonies  to  the 
new  Avorld,  sometimes  to  South  America  and  the  Islands,  some- 
times to  Mexico,  to  Florida,  to  California  and  the  country  in 
between.  However,  about  one  hundred  years  from  the  time  of 
Columbus'  first  voyage  it  became  imderstood  that  Spain  would 
confine  herself  to  the  southern  part  of  the  Northern  continent. 

France  was  slow  in  attempting  to  colonize  in  the  western 
hemisphere.  It  was  more  than  one  hundred  and  fiftj'  years  from 
Columbus'  first  voyage  before  the  Huguenots,  for  religious  rea- 
sons, fled  from  France  to  make  a  new  home  in  Florida.  As  this 
land  was  claimed  by  the  Spanish,  the  Spanish  Christians  slew 
the  French  Liberal  Christians,  and  were  in  turn  hanged  by  the 
French  Regular  Christians.  Oh !  the  agony,  the  bloodshed,  the 
torture  inflicted  by  those  supposing  themselves  to  be  the  fol- 
lowers of  the  gentle,  loving,  the  non-resisting  Jesus. 

In  15.35  the  French  sailed  into  the  St.  Lawrence  and  from 
that  time  on  made  excursions  in  all  directions.  In  1605  there 
was  a  permanent  settlement  in  Nova  Scotia.  In  1660  they  were 
on  Ijake  Superior,  in  1673  on  the  upper  Mississippi,  in  1679 
La  Salle  launched  a  boat  of  sixty  tons,  the  "Griffin,"  on  Lake 
Erie,  and  proceeded  up  the  lakes.  In  1682  he  was  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississipjii.  In  fact,  on  the  border  of  the  land  claimed 
by  the  English,  the  French  military  posts  were  numerous  and 
were  constantly  encroaching. 

We  remember  that  it  was  Isabella  who  started  Columbus 
on  the  discovery  of  the  new  land,  and  it  was  Elizabeth  who 
really  began  the  planting  of  the  English  in  the  western  world. 

As  we  have  seen,  Henry  VII  was  a  stingy  fellow  and  too 


6  IIISTOEY  OF  TIUMBULL  COUXTY 

self-centered  to  see  beyond  his  borders.  It  is  hardly  for  us, 
TrnnibuU  Coiinty  descendants  of  the  New  England  pioneers,  to 
dwell  on  Jlenry's  penuriousness,  because  this  trait  our  ancestors 
brought  with  them  into  New  England,  on  into  New  Connecticut, 
and  the  great-great-grandchildren  of  Trumbull  County,  as  a 
rule,  hold  on  to  the  purse  strings  rather  closely.  They  not  only 
do  not  sell  all  that  they  have  and  give  to  the  poor,  but  many 
of  them  think  themselves  the  poor  without  reason.  However, 
Trumbull  County  is  not  the  only  spot  on  earth  where  peojile 
are  saving  or  where  the  church  doctrine  is  not  followed  to  the 
letter. 

Henry  VIII  had  to  give  umch  time  to  what  for  politeness 
is  called  "domestic  affairs,"  but  what  in  reality  was  a  licentious 
life.  He  divorced  and  killed  wives,  and  in  the  name  of  the 
church  tortured  and  dispatched  Christians. 

Many  historians  try  to  belittle  Elizabeth,  saying  the  success 
of  her  reign  was  due  not  to  her  own  ability,  but  to  the  wise  men 
she  drew  around  her.  If  this  be  true,  does  that  fact  itself  not 
show  a  sagacious  mind  ?  It  has  been  said  that  she  was  not 
virtuous.  That  is  what  the  world  says  of  any  woman  who  has 
ability  and  talent,  and  uses  them  in  a  new  line.  It  is  the  thing 
women,  as  a  whole,  least  deserve  and  most  dread.  Elizabeth 
knew  what  they  said, — she  did  not  care.  Wise  was  she,  far  wise 
above  her  generation.  She  may  have  had  lovers  in  the  insinu- 
ating sense,  but  she  judiciously  avoided  a  husband.  She  was 
a  woman,  and  in  that  far-away  time,  heads  rolled  off  of  shoul- 
ders easily  at  a  wave  of  a  majestic  hand  and  she  did  not  like 
it.  The  position  of  heads  was  quite  normal  during  her  reign. 
She  knew  husbands  could  not  be  divorced  without  punishment, 
whereas  lovers  could  be  set  aside  easily;  the  quieter,  the  better. 

At  any  rate,  Elizabeth  had  time  for  things  other  than  do- 
mestic (here,  domestic  is  as  applied  usually  to  men),  and  one  of 
these  things  was  colonizing  the  new  world.  She  granted  charters 
to  Sir  Hmuphrey  Gilliert,  and  she  and  Sir  Walter  Ealeigh  real- 
ized that  the  new  world  was  the  place  to  cripple  Spain.  With 
the  assistance  of  Sir  Thomas  Drake,  a  gentleman  in  those  days, 
a  pirate  in  ours,  she  made  the  beginning. 

Of  course,  colonizing  was  a  new  business  and  she  did  not 
know  that  idle  gentlemen,  degenerate  second  sons,  laborers  who 
refused  to  labor,  with  no  women,  never  had  successfully  made 
homos  in  the  wilderness,  or  anywhere  else. 

The  cai'ly  expeditions  of  England  are  so  well  known  to  all 


HLST0I!Y  OF  TitL'.MBULL  COUNTY  7 

wliu  can  read  at  all  that  tliey  are  not  repeated  here.  These 
three  countries  are  mentioned  in  this  work  lieeause  indirectly 
they  had  a  bearing  on  Trnmbiill  County. 

James  I  granted  charters  to  the  Loudon  and  the  Plymouth 
Companies  in  1606.  The  Plymouth  Company  was  given  tlie 
land  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Long-  Island  running  indefinitely 
westwards,  while  the  London  Company  was  given  the  land  from 
the  Potomac  to  Cape  Fear,  the  intermediate  portion  being  opeu 
to  both. 

In  1(309  a  new  charter  was  granted  l)y  James  to  the  London 
Company,  extending  the  coast  line  two  Imndred  miles  lielow  and 
above  the  present  Old  Point  Comfort.  The  northern  line  then 
began  a  little  above  the  center  of  the  New  Jersey  coast  and 
ran  at  an  angle  of  al)out  forty-five  degrees,  touching  near  Buf- 
falo, on  through  Lake  Huron,  Lake  Superior  "up  into  the  lands 
throughout  from  sea  to  sea  and  northwest."  This  covered 
nearly  one-half  of  the  North  American  Continent.  Therefore, 
in  16(t9,  the  land  wliich  later  became  Trumbull  County  belonged 
to  England.  To  be  sure  it  was  granted  to  the  London  Company, 
and  claimed  by  Virginia,  so  called  in  lionor  of  the  Virgin  queen. 

The  ))eo]^le  of  Trumliull  County  owe  a  great  debt  to  the 
London  (/'ompany,  for  it  succeeded  in  doing  what  Elizabeth 
began  to  do — held  l»ack  the  Sjianish  nation,  and  established  a 
self-government  wliicli  a  people  belonging  to  a  constitutional 
monarchy  could  do  and  which  a  people  belonging  to  an  absolute 
monai'chy  could  not  do.  The  rulers  of  Spain  were  real  rulers, 
not  leaders;  people  had  no  voice  whatever  in  their  own  govern- 
ment. The  rulers  of  England  were  not  all  powerful.  The  Vir- 
ginians were  conformers  and  therefore  did  not  displease  the 
king,  as  did  the  northern  folks.  Hence  it  kept  its  charter,  while 
Massachusetts'  was  revoked  in  the  latter  ]iart  of  the  eighteenth 
centui'v. 


CHAPTER  III. 

Connecticut  Constitution. — Charter  of  1662. — Charter  Oak. 
— Connecticut  in  Pennsylvania. — Connecticut  Mas- 
sacre and  Loss  of  Claim. — Charles  11 's  Geog- 
raphy.— Connecticut  Reserves 
Part  of  Her  Grant. 

The  Connecticut  constitution  was  drawn  \\-p  in  1639  by  the 
men  of  the  three  settlements  or  towns,  Hartford,  Wethersfield, 
and  AVindsor.  It  jorovided  for  a  government  by  the  people  and 
did  not  mention  king  or  parliament.  Other  towns  later  or- 
ganized nnder  the  title  of  New  Haven.  It  was  in  this  colony 
that  the  laws  were  so  strict  as  to  be  called  the  "Bine  Laws,"  al- 
though these  laws  did  not  compare  in  severity  with  manj'  laws 
of  Old  England.  On  April  23,  1662,  Charles  11  confirmed  all 
Connecticut  charters  and  deeds,  and  because  he  hated  the  New 
Haven  colony  (it  had  defied  him  and  denied  him  certain  re- 
quests) he  turned  it  in  as  Connecticut  under  this  charter.  The 
convej'ance  gave  to  Connecticut  ' '  all  the  territory  of  the  present 
state  and  all  of  the  lands  west  of  it,  to  the  extent  of  its  breadth, 
from  sea  to  sea."  This  really  gave  to  Connecticut  aside  from 
the  home  state,  the  upper  third  of  Pennsylvania,  about  one-third 
of  Ohio,  and  parts  of  what  has  become  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  Colorado,  Utah,  Nevada,  and  California.  This 
United  Connecticut  became  prosperous  and  tranquillity  seemed 
near  when  Andros,  the  governor  of  Massachusetts,  appeared  in 
the  state  and  demanded  their  charter.  The  question  of  releasing 
this  valuable  document  was  considered  for  hours,  eloquent  argu- 
ments were  made,  the  hardships  of  early  settlers  were  depicted, 
but  even  when  night  fell  the  governor  was  still  demanding.  No 
Tungsten  burner  lighted  the  room  in  which  the  council  was  held, 
but  the  best  of  the  time — the  tallow  dip — was  there.  Suddenly 
there  was  darkness.    When  the  dips  were  set  sputtering  again 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  9 

the  cliarter  could  not  be  found.  Some  patriot,  or  patriots,  had 
spirited  it  away  and  had  liid  it  in  the  hollow  of  an  oak  tree  where 
it  remained  till  Massachusetts  rebelled  against  Andros,  when 
it  was  triumphantly  produced.  On  Sundays,  on  Thanksgiving, 
and  on  Fourth  of  July,  Avhen  the  early  settlers  of  New  Con- 
necticut had  time  to  think  or  to  hear  orations,  their  hearts 
swelled  with  gratitude  as  they  recalled  that  the  charter  which 
gave  them  the  laud  upon  which  they  had  built  their  homes  had 
been  preserved  to  them  by  Yankee  wit  and  courage,  and  the 
"Charter  Oak"  was  ever  held  in  reverence. 

Modern  historians  are  cruel.  Not  only  do  they  declare  that 
there  was  no  William  Tell,  no  apple,  no  arrow,  but  that  Poeo- 
hontas  did  not  leap  forth  from  the  darkness  and  save  the  life 
of  John  Smith.  Instead  of  the  latter  they  give  us  the  picture 
of  a  wise,  beautiful,  gentle,  loving  Indian  girl  doing  many  good 
deeds  for  the  white  people,  as  well  as  her  own,  and  who  in  turn 
was  loved  for  her  devotion  and  her  bravery.  Pshaw !  that  pic- 
ture does  not  replace  the  other.  Too  many  women  have  been 
good,  wise  and  devoted  to  this  great  country,  in  the  beginning, 
later  and  at  this  minute,  to  have  "special  mention."  But  more, 
the  historian  insinuatingly  whispers  that  the  hollow  oak  may 
have  held  nuts,  leaves,  dead  branches,  toads,  scpiirrels,  but  no 
parchment — no  paper  upon  which  the  chesty  king  in  1662  had 
placed  his  name  and  seal.  Anyway,  even  if  the  story  was  ethe- 
real, the  charter  itself  was  not. 

The  western  land  held  out  hope  for  the  Connecticut  folks 
and  land  companies  were  formed  to  establish  settlements  in 
northern  Pennsyh^ania,  then  more  or  less  of  a  wilderness.  When 
the  companies  were  ready,  men  and  women  set  out  to  make 
new  homes  in  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Wyoming.  They  sought 
property  and  liberty,  but  thej'  found  others  ahead  of  them  who 
wanted  the  same  things.  Seven  times  did  the  Connecticut  emi- 
grants attempt  to  make  a  settlement.  Each  time  they  were 
unsuccessful,  being  driven  out  by  whites  and  Indians,  and  twice 
massacred.  The  life  of  a  pioneer  is  a  hard  life  at  best,  but  for 
men  and  women  to  be  cold,  hungry,  lonely  and  fearful  most  of 
the  time,  as  they  struggled  for  existence,  and  to  be  killed  at  the 
end,  seems  horrible  when  we  know  how  the  fertile  land,  plenty 
of  it  for  themselves,  their  children,  and  their  children's  childreu, 
stretched  out  invitingly  before  them. 

Sometimes  husliands  settled  their  families  in  this  valley 
and  went  out  to  tight  or  to  hunt,  and  the  women  did  the  work 


1(1  HISTORY  OF  TUUMBULL  COUNTY 

of  both,  their  children  hanging  to  their  skirts,  while  they 
listened  as  they  labored  for  the  whoops  of  the  dreaded  red  man. 
So  busy  were  these  frontiersmen  during  the  Revolutionary 
War  that  they  neglected  the  Avarniug  of  the  wives  at  home. 
When  at  last,  they  reluctantly  returned,  they  found  themselves 
wholly  unprepared  for  what  awaited  them.  They  proceeded 
innnediately  to  construct  fortresses,  while  the  women  engaged 
in  the  numly  occuj^ation  of  making  the  powder.'  However,  both 
efforts  were  to  no  purpose,  for  instead  of  keeping  within  the 
liarricades,  the  men,  about  three  hundred,  marched  boldly  forth 
to  meet  twelve  hundred  Indians,  Tories  and  British.  One  hun- 
dred and  sixty  were  killed  outright,  while  one  hundred  and 
forty  escaped,  nearly  all  to  be  recaptured.  These  unfortunates 
were  tomahawked  or  tortured  to  death.  Some  were  pinned 
down  with  ])itch-forks  onto  blazing  logs,  or  made  to  run  through 
crackling  tires  till  they  fell  fainting  and  were  burned  to  death. 
One  hundred  and  fifty  widows  and  nearly  six  hundred  orphans 
were  made  that  day.  AVhen  women  realized  what  was  happen- 
ing they  seized  their  children  and  started  for  the  east,  through 
the  "Dismal  Swamp."  In  one  of  these  groups  there  were 
nearly  one  hundred  women  and  children  and  only  one  man. 
Alfred  Mathews  in  "Ohio  and  Her  Western  Reserve"  savs: 


"All  were  without  food,  many  scarcely  clothed,  but 
they  pressed  on,  weak,  trembling  and  growing  constantly 
worse  from  this  unaccustomed  labor  through  the  thicket, 
mire  and  ooze.  One  l)y  one  the  weakest  gave  out.  Some 
wandered  from  the  path  and  were  lost;  some  fell  from 
exhaustion,  some  from  wounds  received  in  battle,  but  the 
majority  maintained  life  in  some  miraculous  way  and 
pressed  on.  The  only  manna  in  that  wilderness  was 
whortleberries,  and  these  they  plucked  and  eagerly  de- 
voui-ed,  without  ])ausing.  ( 'hildren  were  born  and  children 
died  in  that  fearful  forced  march.  One  babe  that  came  into 
the  world  in  this  scene  of  terror  and  travail  was  carried 
alive  to  the  settlements.  At  least  one  which  died  was  left 
n]ion  the  ground,  while  the  agonized  mother  went  on. 
There  was  not  time  nor  were  there  means  to  make  even  a 
shallow  grave.  One  woman  bore  her  dead  babe  in  her  arms 
twenty  miles  rather  than  abandon  its  little  body  to  the 
beasts." 


HISTORY   OF  Ti;r:\lEULL  COUXTY  11 

A  court,  organized  by  Congress  under  the  Articles  of  Con- 
federation entered  into  Ijy  the  states  during  the  Eevolution, 
sat  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  in  17S7,  to  consider  the  dispute 
between  Connecticut  and  Pennsylvania  as  to  boundary.  The 
decision  was  for  Pennsylvania. 

AVhen  the  autlior  was  a  young  girl  she  acconiiianied  her 
father  as  he  went  from  county  seat  to  county  seat  in  the  dual 
capacity  of  common  pleas  and  circuit  .judge.  Being  thus  thrown 
for  weeks  together  with  judges  and  lawyers,  she  soon  learned, 
to  her  surprise,  that  printed,  high  judicial  decisions  were  not 
always  so  clearly  and  firmly  worded  as  to  make  differences  of 
opinion  among  lower  judges  impossible,  and,  further,  that  con- 
ditions and  circumstances,  iiersonal  and  political,  entered  into 
decisions  in  many  cases.  Tlie  ruling  in  regard  to  the  right  of 
Connecticut  to  the  western  lands  is  a  fair  sample.  She  had 
charters  for  land  in  New  York,  but  Charles  had  also  given  the 
same  land  to  New  York.  Ilis  geograpliy  was  as  shady  as  was 
the  spelling  of  our  first  president.  New  York  and  Connecticut 
began  to  settle  their  differences  in  1683  and  finished  in  17^'^. 
In  1787,  Connecticut  was  possessed  of  her  charter,  shorn  of  all 
east  of  the  western  Pennsylvania  line.  But  she  had  that.  It 
was  now  her  turn.  The  general  government  was  begging  the 
states  to  relinquish  their  titles,  but  Connecticut,  cocpiettishly  or 
mulishly,  held  l)ack.  At  last  she  agreed,  reserving  for  herself 
the  portion  of  land  which  was  bordered  on  the  north  by  the 
lake,  east  by  the  Pennsylvania  line,  south  by  the  41st  parallel, 
and  on  the  west  by  a  line  a  hundred  and  twenty  miles  west  of 
the  Pennsylvania  west  line.  That  this  request  was  granted 
rather  strengthens  the  thought  that  the  judges  knew  they  had 
been  a  little  unfair  in  their  first  decision,  and  wished  to  make 
amends.  Otherwise  why  should  Connecticut  he  the  exception 
to  all  other  states. 

Connecticut,  after  all  this  trouble  and  uncertainty  of  years, 
was  at  last  victorious  and  she  possessed  the  thing,  or  part  of 
the  thing,  for  Avhich  she  had  contended. 

The  stories  of  states  ai'e  not  unlike  the  stories  of  people. 
Connecticut  was  barely  relieved  of  a  great  anxiety — that  of  a 
possible  loss  of  her  land, — before  she  was  beset  by  another  one. 
She  owned  the  land,  but  what  should  she  do  with  it.  An  un- 
broken wilderness,  hundreds  of  miles  away,  was  not  money  in 
the  purse.  She  had  seen  the  Indians  driven  farther  and  farther 
away,  she  had  had  a  peculiar  experience  herself  of  owning  and 


12  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

being  deprived  of,  she  had  seen  reversal  of  decisions,  beside 
she  realized  the  approaching-  power  of  central  government  and 
knew  that  individual  communities  might  have  to  suffer  for  the 
good  of  the  whole.  She  said  to  herself,  "If  I  am  not  to  be 
undone  even  at  this  late  day,  I  myself  must  be  up  and  doing." 


CHAPTER   IV. 

Committee    Appointed    by    Connecticut    Legislature. — Fire 
Lands. — Second     Committee. — Original    Purchasers. — 
Quantity    of    Land    on    the    Reserve. — Natural 
Resoxtrces. — Men  who  Preceded  Connecti- 
cut Settlers. — Garfield's  Speech. 

The  legislature  in  1786  api^ointed  a  committee  of  three  to 
dispose  of  this  far  western  land.  The  price  was  placed  at  fifty 
cents  per  acre,  the  territory  was  to  be  divided  into  townships 
six  miles  square.  The  general  assembly  agreed  to  make  a  grant 
of  a  township  to  each  purchaser,  his  heirs  and  assigTis.  In 
each  township  was  reserved  five  Inmdred  acres  of  good  land  for 
the  sujjport  of  the  "Gospel  minister,"  five  hundred  acres  for 
"the  sujjport  of  the  schools  forever,"  and  two  hundred  and 
forty  acres  in  "fee  simple  to  the  first  Gospel  minister  who  shall 
settle  in  such  town." 

It  was  also  agreed  to  survey  the  tract  into  tiers  and  ranges. 
No.  1  to  be  what  is  now  the  upper  eastern  corner  of  Ashtabula 
county.  The  legislature  of  the  following  year  substantially 
ratified  this,  making  a  few  minor  changes  such  as  placing  No.  1 
township  at  the  southeast  corner,  now  known  as  Poland,  and 
making  the  townships  five  miles  square.  Before  the  survey  was 
made  Judge  Samuel  H.  Parsons  bought  the  Salt  Spring  tract. 
Although  reference  is  made  to  tier  and  range  as  if  there  had 
been  a  survey,  there  had  not  been.  This  was  in  1788  and  was 
the  only  sale  made  by  the  commissioners.  This  deed  is  recorded 
in  Warren. 

During  the  Revolutionary  war  the  British  destroyed  prop- 
erty belonging  to  Connecticut  land  owners  and  they  demanded 
reimbursement  from  the  legislature.  This  was  considered  by 
that  body  in  1791  and  in  1792,  and  500.000  acres  were  set  off 
for  these  sufferers,  or  their  heirs,  and  this  tract  was  known  at 
first  as  "The  Sufferers'  Land,"  later  as  "Fire  Lands,"  as  most 
of  the  property  destroyed  had  been  burned. 

13 


14  HISTORY  OF  T17UMBULL  COUNTY 

The  !^lll■e■\TC^ness  of  Conueetieiit  is  seen  even  in  this  traus- 
aetiou.  She  gave  to  those  needing  and  deserving  help,  as  men 
usually  give  alms,  that  is,  she  gave  that  for  which  she  cared 
least,  the  land  that  was  farthest  away.  Neither  did  she  include 
the  islands  lying  near  and  belonging  jDroperly  to  the  territory. 
Every  emigrant  as  he  journeyed  to  his  new  home  in  the  "Fire 
Lands"  helped  to  make  a  roadway  for  the  later  settlers,  and 
every  acre  cleared  and  every  cabin  erected  on  these  "Fire 
Lauds"  added  to  the  value  of  the  laud  to  the  east  awaiting 
purchasers. 

Thus,  the  present  counties  of  Huron  and  Erie,  although 
belonging  to  the  Western  Reserve,  brought  no  substantial  gain, 
unless  caucelling  moral  obligations  be  considered  substan- 
tial gain. 

In  1795  Connecticut  had  grown  desperate  over  her  "White 
Elephant"  and  determined  to  dispose  of  it.  After  formally 
resolving  to  sell  it,  the  legislature  selected  a  committee  of  eight, 
one  from  each  county,  to  transact  the  business.  They  were 
John  Treadwell,  Hartford  county;  James  Wadsworth,  New 
Haven  county;  j\larvin  Wait,  New  London;  William  Edmonds, 
Fairfield;  Thomas  Grosvenor,  Windham;  Aaron  Austin,  Litcli 
field;  Elijah  Hubbard,  Middlesex;  and  Sylvester  Gilbert,  of 
Tolland  county.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  names  of  these  men  and 
these  towns  were  used  in  many  ways  in  New  Connecticut,  as 
were  also  the  names  of  the  purchasers.  At  this  time,  several 
individuals  Avished  to  buy  land  for  themselves  or  their  friends, 
but  the  land  company  feared  that  some  of  them  who  were  not 
from  Connecticut  were  not  financially  responsible,  while  the 
price  others  offered  was  not  sufficient.  Among  the  latter  were 
Zepheniali  Swift,  author  of  Swift's  Digest,  ex-chief  justice  of 
Connecticut.  He  offered  a  million  dollars  for  the  tract.  This, 
however,  was  not  entirely  individual,  as  some  of  his  friends 
were  interested. 

These  eight  men  sold  this  tract  of  land  to  the  following 
pjersons  for  the  following  amounts : 


lilSTOltY  OF  TJtr.MJU'LL  CorXTY  15 

Josepli  Ilowland  and  Daniel  L.  ('oit.  .  .  .  $o(),-lrGl 

Eliam  Morgan  and  Daniel  L.  e'oit 51,402 

Caleb  Atwater   L'-J.S4(i 

Daniel  Holbrook   SJ.ji) 

Joseijh   AVillianis   l.l/J.'!] 

AVilliam  Law    lo.fjOd 

William  Judd l(),2.j(l 

Elisha  Hyde  and  Uriah  Tracy ')7,m) 

James  Johnston    .")(),()()() 

Samnel   Mather,   Jr ]H,4()1 

Epbraim  Kirby,  Elijah   Boarduian,  and 

Urial  Holmes,  Jr (i(),()()(i 

Solomon   Griswold    1(1,0(10 

Oliver  Phelps  and  Cxideon  Granger,  Jr.  .  S(),(JOO 

William   Hart ;!0,4(j2 

Henry   Champion,   2d 85,675 

Ashei"  Miller ;'.4,000 

Robert  C.  Johnson (i0,000 

Ephraim  Eoot   42,000 

Nehemiah  Hubbard.  Jr 19,039 

Solomon  Cowles    10,000 

Oliver  Phelps  168,185 

Ashael  Hathaway   12,000 

John  Caldwell  and  Pelig  Sanford 15,000 

Timothy  Burr    .' 15,231 

Luther  Loomis  and  Ebenezer  King,  Jr.  44,318 
AVilliam    Lyman,    John    Stoddard,    and 

David  King 24,730 

Moses  Cleaveland   32.600 

Samuel  P.  Lord 14.092 

Roger    Newbury,    Enoch    Perkins    and 

Jonathan  Brace 38,000 

Ejihraim   Starr 17,415 

Sylvanus  Griswold 1,683 

Jozeb  Stocking  and  Joshua   Stow 11,423 

Titus   Street 22,846 

James  Ball,  Aaron   Olmstead   and  John 

Wiles    30,000 

Pierpoint  Edwards ()0,000 

Amounting  to $1,200,000 


16  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

The  early  diaries  show  some  little  differences  in  names  and 
amounts  but  the  above  is  in  a  "Book  of  Drafts"  in  the  record- 
er's office,  at  Warren.  This  list  was  prepared  by  Hon.  T.  D. 
Webb,  and  given  out  by  Joseph  Perkins  of  Cleveland.  Both  men 
were  accurate  and  painstaking.  The  total  is  always  the  same 
in  all  lists. 

These  men  formed  themselves  into  the  Connecticut  Land 
Company,  and  so  careful  were  they  as  to  the  letter  of  the  law, 
so  exacting  as  to  the  carrying  out  of  their  obligations,  and  such 
personal  standing  had  they,  that,  whereas  in  tracing  titles  in 
most  places  in  the  United  States  one  must  go  back  to  the  grants 
made  by  the  rulers  of  the  old  world,  in  northeastern  Ohio  it  is 
sutBcient  to  go  back  only  to  the  Connecticut  Land  Company. 

In  the  beginning  this  territory  was  supposed  to  contain  four 
million  acres,  but  it  was  found  later  that  early  maps  and  sketches 
had  been  defective ;  that  Lake  Erie  made  a  decided  southern  dip 
so  that  part  of  the  land  proved  to  be  water  with  some  air 
thrown  in. 

Here  is  given  a  table  prepared  by  Judge  Frederick  Kins- 
man, who  was  very  accurate  in  all  statements. 

Quantity  of  Land  in  the  Connecticut  Western 
lieserve  by  Survey. 
Connecticut  Land  Company,  land  east  of 

the  Cuyahoga  River,  etc 2,002,970 

Land  west  of  the  Cuyahoga  River,  exclu- 
sive of  surplus  Islands 827,291 

Surplus  land  (so  called) 5,286 

Islands  Cunningham  or  Kelley's.  .  .  .2,749 

Islands  Bass  or  Bay  No.  1 1,322 

Islands  Bass  or  Bay  No.  2 709 

Islands  Bass  or  Bay  No.  3 709 

Islands  Bass  or  Bay  No.  4 403 

Islands  Bass  or  Bay  No.  5 32        5,924 

Amount    of    Connecticut    Land    Company 

land   in  acres 2,841,471 

Parsons 's,    or    "Salt    Spring    Tract"    in 

acres   25,450 

Sufferers'  or  Fire  Lands 500.000 

Total   nmiiber   of   acres   in   the   Con- 
necticut Western  Reserve 3,366,921 


HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY  17 

The  $1,200,000  received  in  payment  was  placed  by  Con- 
necticut in  its  school  fund  and  has  always  there  remained. 

Connecticut  having  obtained  by  grant,  having  retained  by 
diplomacy  and  ^persistence,  and  having  sold  to  her  satisfaction 
her  western  land,  watched  with  pride  its  development.  At  this 
writing  a  larger  part  of  the  Western  Reserve,  particularly  the 
eastern  section,  is  ([uite  as  much  like  New  England  as  Con- 
necticut itself. 

What  was  the  nature  of  this  new  Connecticut  ?  It  was  heavy 
with  excellent  timber,  oak,  elm,  maple,  hickory,  walnut,  l^eech, 
etc.  It  was  bounded  on  one  side  by  a  great  blue  lake  deep 
enough  to  carry  the  trans-atlantic  steamers  of  today,  and  con- 
taining more  fish  in  pro])ortion  to  its  size  than  any  known  body 
of  water  in  the  United  States. 

It  had  several  naviga))le  rivers  and  numerous  creeks  and 
rivulets.  The  climate  was  temperate,  a  little  colder  in  winter 
perhaps  than  the  home  state  and  possibly  warmer  in  summer. 
The  surface  soil  was  a  rich  sandy  loam  in  the  northern  portion, 
limning  a  little  heavier  with  clay  at  the  southern  jjart. 

Within  this  territory  was  tine  sandstone  for  building  pur- 
poses and  excellent  flagging  for  walks,  as  the  towns  of  today 
will  testify. 

Bituminous  coal  (now  nearly  exhausted)  of  the  finest 
qualit}'  lay  waiting  to  be  mined. 

The  soil  was  adai)ted  to  fruit  growing  and  the  very  strip 
of  land  over  which  the  Cleveland  surveyors  passed  is  now  almost 
covered  with  vineyards.  The  maple  tree  stood  ready  for  service 
and  today,  in  the  northeastern  ]iortion,  is  made  the  finest  maple 
s_yrup  in  the  world. 

The  woods  abounded  in  game  and  the  streams  in  fish. 

The  land  in  some  places  was  low  and  wet  and,  in  others,  flat 
and  iminteresting,  while  there  were  rolling,  hilly  spots  with 
touches  of  exquisite  scenery. 

Nature  had  done  well  by  this  part  of  the  world  and  now 
man  was  to  demonstrate  what  he  could  do  on  such  a  foundation. 
"The  folks  back  home" — the  land  company — had  bought  this 
territory  as  the  boys  trade  marbles,  ''unsight,  unseen."  New 
Englanders  knew  nothing  of  the  flat  fertile  middle  west.  Their 
country  was  a  stony  one  and  to  them  trees  meant  fertility.  The 
Western  Reserve  was  a  forest ;  that  satisfied  them. 

Some  writers  of  the  New  Connecticut  history  say  that  into 


IS  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

this  vast  forest,  into  tliis  wild  region,  tlirough  wliose  woods  and 
over  whose  hills  no  white  man's  foot  had  passed,  came  the 
advance  guard,  the  surveyors  of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company. 

This  statement  is  an  exaggeration.  White  men  were  here 
when  the  first  surveyor  arrived,  and  had  been  here,  as  travelers, 
missionaries,  soldiers,  and  traders  long  before. 

Possibly  LaSalle  with  his  party,  going  east  and  west,  in 
1682-83,  walked  the  shores  of  Lake  Erie.  French  forts  were  at 
Niagara,  Presque  Isle  (Erie),  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maumee; 
it  is  more  probable  that  he  took  the  north  shore  however,  since 
the  Indians  of  that  region  were  his  friends. 

The  journals,  diaries,  survey  books,  etc.,  which  are  now 
being  brought  to  light,  show  that  in  many  parts  of  the  Resei-ve 
timber  was  felled  by  a  white  man's  ax  at  a  very  early  day.  In 
1840  Col.  Charles  Whittlesey,  who  wrote  an  early  history  of 
Cleveland,  says  he  examined  a  stump  of  an  oak  tree,  in  Cantield, 
which  was  two  feet  ten  inches  in  diameter  and  "about  seven 
inches  from  the  center  were  marks  of  an  ax,  perfectly  distinct, 
over  which  one  Irandred  and  sixty  layers  of  annual  growth  had 
accumulated."  Mr.  Whittlesey  procured  a  portion  of  the  tree 
extending  from  the  outside  to  the  center  on  which  the  ancient 
and  modern  marks  of  the  ax  are  equallj'  plain;  the  tools  being 
of  about  the  same  breadth  and  in  equally  good  order.  "The 
Canfield  tree  must  be  considered  a  good  record  as  far  back  as 
1660."  This  block  may  be  seen  now  in  the  Western  Reserve 
Historical  Society,  in  Cleveland. 

Mr.  Jason  Hubbell,  of  Newburg,  reported  the  finding  of  like 
marks  which  he  estimated  to  have  been  made  in  1690. 

Mr.  Lapham,  of  Willoughby,  felled  a  tree  in  1848  which 
was  seen  by  many  people  of  that  time  and  the  stmnp  of  which 
was  in  1867  standing  near  the  railroad  track  one  mile  and  a  half 
west  of  Willoughby.  This  showed  400  rings  outside  the  cut,  indi- 
cating it  to  have  been  chopped  in  1448  or  forty-four  years  before 
Columbus'  landing  at  San  Salvador.  Mr.  Whittlesey  says  some 
trees  form  two  terminal  buds  a  year  and  if  this  were  so  it  would 
bring  the  date  about  1648  or  near  the  time  of  the  other  marks. 

The  early  surveyors  and  settlers  were  usually  good  woods- 
men; even  if  any  one  was  not  expert  with  the  ax  he  appreciated 
good  work  in  others.  Being  able  to  make  the  cleanest  cut  in 
felling  a  tree  in  the  early  days  of  the  last  century  called  forth 
as  much  admiration  as  the  management  of  a  ln;ge  industrial 
plant,  or  the  fomiing  of  a  great  trust.     There  was  no  chance 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  19 

therefore,  of  these  ax  marks  being  confused  with  those  of  the 
Indians.  The  "squaw  axes"  given  tlie  Indians  between  1608-20 
had  different  length  of  bit  and  the  marks  the  red  men  made  were 
entirely  different  in  character.  In  fact,  no  matter  how  much  we 
may  sympathize  with  the  Indian  in  the  loss  of  his  hunting 
grounds  and  the  destruction  of  his  tribe  we  must  admit  that  they 
did  not  take  kindly  to  agriculture  or  manual  labor,  and  few,  if 
any,  ever  excelled  in  these  directions.  If  they  had,  some  of  us 
w'ho  now  have  blue  eyes  might  have  had  black  ones,  or  we  might 
now  be  wearing  feathers  in  our  hair  instead  of  on  our  hats. 

Jesuits  were  among  the  Iroquois  Indians  in  New  York  as 
early  as  1656,  but  it  does  not  seem,  even  if  they  penetrated  as 
far  as  Trumbull  County,  that  thej'  could  have  chopped  so  many 
trees  because  the  number  found  two  hundred  years  later  was 
too  great  for  travelers  to  have  made.  Just  why  the  Norsemen 
landed  on  our  New  England  coast,  when  they  were  there,  how 
long  they  really  stayed,  will  never  be  known,  neither  will  the 
time  when  the  white  men  visited  the  Ohio  Lake  region  lie  deter- 
mined, how  long  they  staid,  why  they  came,  when  they  left.  But 
we  know  that  they,  like  the  Norsemen,  were  here. 

A.  T.  Goodman  in  a  tract  of  the  Western  Eeserve  Historical 
Society  says:  "The  earliest  known  occupation  of  the  territory 
embraced  within  the  limits  of  the  state  of  Ohio  by  any  collective 
body  of  white  men  was  by  the  French  in  1680."  From  tliat  time 
until  the  conquest  of  Canada  by  the  French,  FrencJi  traders 
were  scattered  throughout  the  territory,  building  a  post,  station 
or  store  at  almost  every  Indian  town.  English  traders  first 
made  their  appearance  in  the  Ohio  country  in  1699-1700.  From 
that  time  until  1745,  we  hear  of  them  at  various  towns  and  sta- 
tions. In  1745  they  built  a  small  fort  or  block  house  among  the 
Hurons  on  the  north  side  of  Sandusky  Bay,  the  extreme  of  the 
Eeserve. 

For  many  years  previous  to  the  coming  of  the  surveyors  of 
the  Connecticut  Land  Comjiany,  men  who  made  a  business  of 
trading  with  the  Indians  bringing  to  them  provisions,  trinkets 
and  Avhiskey,  taking  in  exchange  furs,  hides,  etc.,  were  staying 
— one  could  hardly  call  it  living — between  Pittsburg  and  the 
mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga.  Some  of  those  men  had  married  squaws 
and  had  children.  Some  traders  brought  their  wives  with  them 
but  they  did  not  remain  long,  for  the  Indians  preferred  to  trade 
with  squaw  men,  as  they  were  at  least  connected  witli  the  tribe. 
Besides,  the  hardships  attending  a  frontier  life  and  the  lack  of 


20  HISTORY  OF  TEUilBULL  COUNTY 

compauiousliip  were  a  double  burden  wliick  women  were  not 
willing  to  endure  when  there  was  no  promise  of  home.  Some 
of  the  diaries  of  the  first  settlers  which  the  author  has  examined 
state  that  the  travelers  came  upon  a  cabin  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  Eeserve,  and  saw  a  white  woman  at  work.  8he  gave  a  cry 
of  joy  at  the  sight  of  men  just  fresh  from  civilization  and  with 
trembling  lips  and  moist  eyes  begged  them  to  partake  of  refresh- 
ments, saying  she  had  not  seen  the  face  of  a  white  woman  in 
three  years. 

The  Moravians  were  now  and  then  in  northern  Ohio,  at 
Sandusky,  on  the  Lake  islands,  and  for  about  a  year,  1786-87,  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Cuyahoga  river.  They  were  forced  to  leave 
during  hostilities. 

The  presence  of  the  French  in  the  Northwest  Territory  was 
distressing  to  the  English.  The  Frenchman,  principally  because 
he  was  an  explorer  and  not  a  colonizer,  attached  himself  to  the 
Indians.  He  did  not  buy  land  for  beads  and  spoil  the  hunting 
grounds.  He,  apparently,  was  no  menace  to  the  roving  red 
men,  and,  hence,  became  an  ally.  This  condition  was  bravely 
met  and,  as  we  have  said  elsewhere,  we  should  be  grateful  to 
the  Cavalier. 

Just  here  the  author  wishes  to  introduce  an  interesting  bit 
of  history  which  applies  only  indirectly  to  the  Western  Eeserve. 
James  A.  Garfield,  when  a  representative  in  Congress,  made  an 
address  for  the  Historical  Society  at  Burton,  Geauga  county,  in 
which  he  said : 

"The  cession  of  that  great  Territory  under  the  treaty 
of  1783,  was  due  mainly  to  the  foresight,  the  courage  and 
the  endurance  of  one  man,  who  never  received  from  his 
country  any  adequate  recognition  for  his  great  sei'vice. 
That  man  was  George  Rogers  Clark;  and  it  is  worth  your 
while  to  consider  the  work  he  accomplished.  Born  in  Vir- 
ginia, he  was  in  early  life  a  surveyor,  and  aftenvards  served 
in  Lord  Dunmore's  war.  In  1776  he  settled  in  Kentucky, 
and  was  in  fact  the  founder  of  that  commonwealth.  As  the 
war  of  the  Revolution  progressed,  he  saw  that  the  pioneers 
west  of  the  Alleghanies  were  threatened  by  two  formidable 
dangei's:  first  by  the  Indians,  many  of  whom  had  joined  the 
standard  of  Great  Britain ;  and  second,  by  the  success  of  the 
war  itself.  For.  should  the  colonies  obtain  their  independ- 
ence while  the  British  held  jjossession  of  the  Mississippi 


HISTOKY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  ; 

valley,  the  Alleghanies  would  be  the  western  boundarj'  of 
the  Dew  Re])ul>hc',  and  the  pioneers  of  the  west  would  remain 
subject  to  Great  Britain. 

"Inspired  by  these  views,  he  made  two  journeys  to  Vir- 
ginia to  represent  the  case  to  the  authorities  of  that  colony. 
Failing  to  impress  the  house  of  burgesses  with  the  impor- 
tance of  warding  off  these  dangers,  he  appealed  to  the  gov- 
ernor, Patrick  Henry,  and  received  from  him  authority  to 
enlist  seven  companies  to  go  to  Kentucky  subject  to  his 
orders,  and  serve  for  three  months  after  their  arrival  in  the 
west.    This  was  a  public  commission. 

"Another  document,  bearing  date  Williamsburg,  Janu- 
ary 2,  1778,  was  a  secret  commission,  which  authorized  him, 
in  the  name  of  Virginia,  to  caj^ture  the  military  jjosts  held 
by  the  British  in  the  northwest.  Armed  with  this  authority, 
he  proceeded  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he  obtained  ammunition, 
and  floated  it  down  the  river  to  Kentucky,  succeeded  in 
enlisting  seven  comjianies  of  pioneers,  and  in  the  month  of 
June,  1778,  commenced  his  march  through  the  untrodden 
wilderness  to  the  region  of  the  Illinois.  With  a  daring  that 
is  scarcely  equaled  in  the  annals  of  war,  he  captured  the  gar- 
risons of  Kaskaskia,  Saint  Vincent  and  Cahokia,  and  sent 
his  prisoners  to  the  governor  of  Virginia,  and  by  his  energy 
and  skill  won 'over  the  French  inhabitants  of  that  region  to 
the  American  cause. 

"In  October,  1778,  the  house  of  burgesses  passed  an  act 
declaring  that  'all  the  citizens  of  the  commonwealth  of  Vir- 
ginia, who  are  already  settled  there,  or  shall  hereafter  be 
settled  on  the  west  side  of  the  Ohio,  shall  be  included  in  the 
District  of  Kentucky,  which  shall  be  called  Illinois  County.' 
In  other  words,  GeoT'ge  Rogers  Clark  conquered  the  Ter- 
ritory of  the  Northwest  in  the  name  of  Virginia,  and  the 
flag  of  the  Republic  covered  it  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

"In  negotiating  the  treaty  of  peace  at  Paris,  in  1783, 
the  British  commissioners  insisted  on  the  Ohio  river  as  the 
northwestern  boundary  of  the  United  States;  and  it  wjis 
found  that  the  only  tenable  ground  on  which  the  American 
commissioners  relied,  to  sustain  our  claim  to  the  Lakes  and 
the  Mississippi  as  the  boundary,  was  the  fact  that  George 
Rogers  Clark  had  conquered  the  country,  and  Virginia  was 
in  undisputed  possession  of  it  at  the  cessation  of  hostilities. 

"In  his  'Notes  on  the  Early  Settlement  of  the  North- 


22  HISTOKY  OF  TRr^MBULL  COL'XTY 

west  Territory'  Judge  Burnet  says:  'That  fact  (the  cap- 
ture of  the  British  posts)  was  confirmed  and  admitted,  and 
was  the  chief  ground  on  which  the  British  commissioners 
reluctantly  abandoned  their  claim.' 

"It  is  a  stain  upon  the  honor  of  our  country,  that  such 
a  man — the  leader  of  pioneers  who  made  the  first  lodgment 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  Louisville,  who  was  in  fact  the 
founder  of  the  state  of  Kentucky,  and  who  by  his  personal 
foresight  and  energy-  gave  nine  great  states  to  the  republic 
— was  allowed  to  sink  under  a  load  of  debt  incurred  for  the 
honor  and  glorv  of  his  countrv. " 


CHAPTER  V. 


Yankees.  —  Pennsylvania     Dutch.  - —  Scotch-Irish.  —  S.vlt 
Springs. — Judge  Samuel  H.  Parsons. 

Although  the  Frenchman  (both  Protestant  and  Roman 
Catholic),  the  Spaniard,  the  Dutchman,  the  Quaker,  and  the 
English  (Cavalier  and  Puritan)  colonized  the  new  world,  we 
are  apt  to  think  of  the  early  inhabitant  as  the  Massachusetts 
Puritan  alone.  Somehow  the  Puritan,  esjaecially  the  Pilgrim, 
with  his  plain,  dark  clothes,  his  high  hat  and  his  determined 
countenance,  imj^resses  itself  deeply  upon  our  sub-consciousness. 
Just  so  do  we  give  all  the  credit  of  the  successful  settling  of  the 
Western  Reserve  to  the  Connecticut  emigrants.  This  is  entirely 
wrong. 

There  were  two  ways  to  enter  New  Connecticut,  namely, 
through  New  York  state  to  Buffalo  and  along  Lake  Erie,  or 
through  Pennsylvania  to  Pittsburg,  to  the  Beaver  and  up  the 
Mahoning.  From  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  came  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Dutch  (a  mixture  of  GeiTQan,  English,  with  sometimes  a 
little  Holland  blood  thrown  in)  and  the  Scotch-Irish,  together 
with  the  New  Yorker,  all  three  .ioined  with  the  Connecticut 
Yankee  in  the  making  of  the  new  state.  Some  of  the  truest  and 
most  helpful  citizens  were  the  Scotch-Irish,  some  of  the  most 
frugal  and  industrious  were  the  Pennsylvania  Dutch.  The 
Yankee  considered  himself  superior  to  his  neighbors,  who  said 
"du  bisli"  or  had  a  brogue.  His  education  as  a  rule  was  better, 
his  family  longer  established  in  these  United  States,  and  he 
believed  himself  responsible  for  the  development  of  the  country. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  early  Dutch  Pennsylvanian  saw  faults 
in  his  Yankee  neighlior  and  commented  upon  the  same.  The 
early  Dutch  housewife  would  say  to  her  neighbor,  when  inviting 
her  to  stay  to  a  meal,  "It's  not  much  we  have,  but  anything  is 
better  than  the  Aveak  tea  and  crackers  of  the  Yankees."     The 

23 


54  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

''Dutolimeu"  were  frugal,  neat,  indiiytrious,  but  liked  good  liv- 
ing. Early  settlers  in  Pennsylvania  uniforml^v  testify  to  the 
good  cooking  of  Pennsylvania  Dutch  women.  A  Trumbull 
County  man,  now  tifty  years  old,  who  as  a  boy  taught  school  in 
western  Pennsylvania,  refers  to  those  days  of  boarding  around 
with  pleasure  Ijecause  of  the  good  eating.  A  prominent  citizen 
of  Warren,  whose  grandparents  were  Pennsylvania  Dutch,  and 
whose  mother  and  wife  were  both  excellent  housekeepers,  gives 
credit  to  both  for  being  successes  as  home  makers  and  cooks, 
but  usually  ends  with  "but  no  one  ever  quite  came  up  to  grand- 
mother. ' ' 

It  was  the  Scotch-Irish  who  made  the  mirth  for  the  pioneers, 
particularly  at  "frolic  times,"  as  house-raisings,  log-rollings, 
and  like  occasions  were  called.  They  cared  less  for  money  than 
did  the  Yankee  or  the  German  and  did  not  leave  land  fortunes 
to  their  descendants.  They  did,  however,  one  thing  for  which 
they  are  never  given  credit.  They,  and  not  the  men  from  the 
state  of  the  Blue  Laws,  were  first  in  establisliing  and  maintain- 
ing churches. 

Lest  we  may  be  tossing  our  heads  in  pride,  we  who  trace 
back  to  the  Connecticut  forefather,  let  us  see  what  others  thought 
and  think  of  us.  W.  H.  Hunter  of  Chillicothe,  in  an  address  at 
Philadelphia  on  "Influence  of  Pennsylvania  on  Ohio,"  says: 

"The  claims  made  for  the  Puritan  settlement  at  Mari- 
etta give  us  an  example  of  Puritan  audacity ;  the  New  Eng- 
land settlements  on  the  Western  Eesen^e  give  us  examples 
of  Yankee  ingenuity.  In  Connecticut  he  made  nutmegs  of 
wood ;  in  Ohio  he  makes  maple  molasses  of  glucose  and  hick- 
ory bark.  In  New  England  the  Puritan  bored  the  Quaker 
tongue  with  red-hot  poker ;  in  Ohio  he  dearly  loves  to  roast 
Democrats.  The  Eeserve  was  the  home  of  crankisms. 
Joseph  Smith  started  the  Mormon  Church  in  Lake  county. 
And  there  were  others,  some  of  whom  the  northern  Ohio 
emigrant  took  with  him  to  Kansas." 

The  Connecticut  j)ioneer  impressed  himself  on  the  Western 
Reserve  history  because  he  was  a  college  man.  He  became  the 
surveyor,  the  lawyer,  the  judge,  the  legislator,  the  governor, 
because  he  was  mentally  equipped  for  such  positions.  Almost 
every  leading  jurist  of  that  day  was  a  Yale  graduate. 

It  is  known  that  for  many  years  before  the  organization  of 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBl'LL  COFXTY  25 

the  Connecticut  Laud  Couipauy,  a.s  early  as  1755,  peo])le  had 
traveled  from  Peuusylvauia  to  Salt  Si^rings,  near  what  is  now 
Niles  aud  Warren,  for  tlie  purpose  of  making  salt.  Long  vats 
and  kettles  showing  much  wear  and  little  care  were  early  found 
by  traders  and  exi^lorers.  Men  who  were  identified  with  the 
early  times  have  written  of  seeing  travelers  with  kettles  thrown 
over  the  back  of  a  horse  on  their  way  to  tlie  springs.  Salt  was 
expensive,  costing  according  to  some  authorities  six  dollars  a 
bushel,  others  sixteen  dollars  a  barrel.  The  water  here  was  only 
brackish  and  cost  of  making  too  expensive  to  be  protitable, 
although  many  persons  attem]:)ted  to  make  it.  Some  of  the  Salt 
Sjiring  kettles  were  later  found  in  a  spot  near  Braceville  whore 
the  Indians  used  them  for  making  maple  sugar. 

So  far  as  we  know  there  was  never  anything  very  good 
came  out  of  the  Salt  Spring  region.  The  first  man  who  owned 
the  tract,  Judge  Parsons,  was  drowned.  A  man  stationed  in  one 
of  the  cabins  to  watch  the  goods  belonging  to  a  Beaver  firm  was 
killed.  Tlie  white  men  who  constructed  cabins  there  were  in 
constant  fear  of  the  Indians  and  were  not  financially  repaid  for 
their  trouble.  "The  Pennsylvanians  who  Jiad  recourse  to  it 
during  the  Eevolution  erected  cabins  there.  In  1785  Col.  Brod- 
head,  commanding  the  troops  at  Fort  Pitt,  had  orders  to  dis- 
possess them  and  did  so.  The  Indians  soon  burned  the  cabins 
tliey  had  erected."  Here  occurred  the  first  murder  on  the 
Reserve  and  here,  time  and  again,  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
nineteentli  century,  people  liave  had  hope  of  makiug  fortunes 
from  tlie  mineral  water,  only  to  give  it  up  in  despair  later. 
A  year  or  so  ago  (1906  or  '07)  did  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
acquire  the  land,  and  now,  where  once  men,  white  and  red, 
boiled  water  into  salt  while  they  drank  whiskey  and  fought, 
where  women  and  children  suffered  from  fear  of  the  red  man, 
where  men  invested  time  and  money  to  no  purpose,  runs  a  great 
trunk  line,  and  men  and  women  sleep  and  eat  as  they  pass  over 
the  spot  where  so  much  unhappiness  has  been,  and  never  think 
of  Indians  or  murder  or  even  salt,  for  the  latter  is  served  them 
by  black  men  without  cost. 

General  Samuel  H.  Parsons,  of  Connecticut,  whose  father 
was  a  distinguished  clergyman,  and  whose  mother  (a  descendant 
of  Henry  Wolcott)  was  a  strong  character,  was  the  first  lawyer 
of  the  Western  Reserve,  and  the  first  purchaser  of  land  in 
Trumbull  County.  He  was  an  early  friend  of  John  Adams,  a 
graduate  of  Yale,  took  an  active  interest  in  colonial  iDolitics.  and 


26  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

became  one  of  tlie  boldest  of  America's  generals.  Old  records 
in  the  hands  of  the  family  attribute  to  him  the  planning  of  the 
siege  of  Ticonderoga,  which  -was  the  first  hostile  move  in  the 
war  of  the  Kevolution.  Congress,  in  1785,  appointed  him  as 
one  of  the  commissioners  to  treat  with  the  Indians  for  cessions 
of  land.  Cincinnati  stands  on  one  of  the  portions  ceded.  Two 
years  later  he  was  appointed  judge  for  the  territory  of  the 
United  States  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  in  1789  became 
chief  justice  of  the  Northwest  Territory.  Having  traveled 
through  this  county  he  was  familiar  with  the  land,  and  finally 
bought  from  the  commissioners  appointed  by  the  Connecticut 
legislature  to  sell  land,  a  tract  situated  in  the  townships  now 
kno-RTi  as  Ijordstown,  Weathersfield,  Jackson,  and  Austintown. 
The  deed  to  this  twenty-five  thousand  acres  is  now  on  record  in 
the  Trumbull  County  court  house,  and  all  records  and  maps 
agree  as  to  its  boundaries.  He  chose  this  spot,  undoubtedly, 
because  the  Indians  and  traders  had  cleared  land  round  about, 
because  the  springs  found  there  contained  brackish  water  from 
which  he  hoped  later  to  manufacture  salt,  and  because  Pittsburg 
was  comparatively  near  at  hand  and  stores  could  be  gotten  at 
Beaver  and  other  points  on  the  river.  He,  however,  never  occu- 
pied this  purchase.  He  was  drowned  as  above  stated  in  the 
Beaver  river,  probably  at  the  Falls,  when  returning  east.  Little 
or  no  money  had  been  actually  paid  down  for  the  land,  but  his 
heirs  claimed  it  nevertheless.  From  Webb's  manuscript  we 
learn : 

"And  although  the  Connecticut  Land  Company  ran 
their  township  and  range  line  regardless  of  this  claim,  and 
although  they,  in  their  proceedings  at  the  time  called  it  only 
a  'pretended  claim,'  yet,  in  making  partition  of  their  lands, 
they  reserved  land  enough  in  the  townships  Nos.  2  and  3,  in 
the  third  and  fourth  range,  to  satisfy  this  claim,  which  they 
never  aparted  and  which  they  ultimately  abandoned  to  the 
heirs  and  as^-igns  of  General  Parsons." 


CHAPTER  VI. 

LiST    OF    DiEECTOKS    AND    SuEVEYOES    OF    CONNECTICUT    LaND    COM- 
PANY.— The  Women  of  the  Paety. — Details  of  the  Trip. 
— Schenectady. — Foet     Oswego. — Canandaigua. — 
— Buffalo. — Council  with  the  Indians  at 
Buffalo   Ceeek. — Whiskey  and  the 
SuEVEYiNG  Paety- . — Conneaut, 
July  i,  1796. 

The  rules  aud  regiilatious  of  the  Cuuuecticut  Laud  Compauy 
are  of  great  iuterest.  Every  possibility  of  misuuderstaudiug  is 
provided  for,  miuor  details  are  mentioued,  and  the  document 
shows  the  workmanship  of  the  careful,  conservative  New  Eng- 
land mind. 

The  directors  of  the  company  were  Oliver  Phelps,  Henry 
Champion,  Roger  Newberry,  and  Samuel  Mathews,  Jr. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  sui*\'eyiug  party  of  1796 : 

General  Moses  Cleaveland,  Superintendent. 

AugTistus  Porter.  Principal  Surveyor  and  Deputy  Superin- 
tendent. 

Seth  Pease,  Astronomer  and  Surveyor. 

Amos  Spafford,  John  Milton  Holley,  Richard  M.  Stoddard 
and  Moses  Warren,  Surveyors. 

Joshua  Stow,  Commissary. 

Theodore  Shepard,  Physician. 


EMPLOYEES     OF     THE     COMPANY. 


.Joseph  Tinker,  Boatman. 
Heurj;e  Proiulfoot. 
Samuel  Forbes. 
Stephen  Benton. 
Samuel  Hungerford. 
Samuel  Davenport. 
Amzi  Atwater. 
Elisha  Ayres. 
Norman  Wilcox. 
George  Gooding. 
Samuel  Agnew. 
David  Beard. 
Titus  V.  Munson. 


Charles  Parker. 
Nathaniel  Doan. 
James  Halket. 
Olney  F.  Rice. 
Samuel  Barnes. 
Daniel  Shulay. 
Joseph  Mclntyre. 
Francis  Gray. 
Amos  Sawtel. 
Amos  Barber. 
WilHam  B.  Hall. 
Asa  Mason. 
Michael  Coffin. 


28  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

Thomas  Harris.  Ezckiel  Morly. 

Timothy  Dunham.  Luke  Hanchet. 

Shatlrac-h  Benham.  James  Hamilton. 

Wareham  Shepard.  John  Lock. 

John  Briant.  Stephen  Burbank. 
Joseph  Landon. 

We  are  told  in  several  origiual  manuscripts  that  this  party 
consisted  of  fifty,  but  as  the  above  numbers  only  forty-six,  Gun, 
who  was  to  have  charge  of  the  stores  at  Conneaut,  Stiles,  who 
was  to  have  like  position  at  Cleveland,  Chapman  and  Perry,  who 
were  to  furnish  fresh  meat  and  trade  with  the  Indians,  must  be 
added.  In  some  of  the  original  records  the  full  list  of  the  men 
are  given  with  these  words  "and  two  females."  So  unused 
were  makers  of  books  and  keepers  of  records  to  giving  a 
woman's  name,  unless  she  were  queen  or  some  one  quite  extra- 
ordinary, that  this  seemed  nothing  unusual. 

These  ' '  two  females, ' '  who  made  the  first  real  homes  on  the 
Eeserve,  were  Ann,  the  wife  of  Elija  Gun,  and  Tabiatha,  the 
wife  of  Job  Stiles.  Not  only  did  they  keep  house,  one  at  Con- 
neaut and  the  other  at  Cleveland,  but  they  kept  them  so  well  that 
the  srarveyors  took  themselves  there  upon  the  slightest  pretext. 
They  also  had  an  oversight  and  care  of  the  company. 

Here  is  given  the  instructions  of  the  directors  to  their  agent. 

To  Moses  Cleaveland,  Esq.,  of  the  County  of  Windham,  and 
State  of  Connecticut,  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  Con- 
necticut Land  Company,  Greeting: 
We,  the  Board  of  Directors,  of  said  Connecticut  Land 
Company,  having  appointed  you  to  go  on  to  said  land,  as 
Superintendent  over  the  agents  and  men,  sent  on  to  survey 
and  make  locations  on  said  land,  to  make,  and  enter  into 
friendly  negotiations  with  the  natives  who  are  on  said  land, 
or  contiguous  thereto,  and  may  have  any  pretended  claim 
to  the  same,  and  secure  such  friendly  intercourse  amongst 
them  as  will  establish  peace,  quiet,  and  safety  to  the  survey 
and  settlement  of  said  lands,  not  ceded  by  the  natives  under 
the  authority  of  the  United  States.  You  are  hereby,  for  the 
foregoing  purposes,  fuUj'  authorized  and  empowered  to  act, 
and  transact  all  the  above  business,  in  as  full  and  ample  a 
manner  as  we  ourselves  could  do,  to  make  conti'acts  in  the 
foregoing  matters  in  our  behalf  and  stead;  and  make  such 
drafts  on  our  Treasury,  as  may  be  necessary  to  accomplish 
the  foregoing  object  of  your  appointment.    And  all  agents 


HI8T0KY  OF  THU.MBULL  COUNTY  2D 

and  meu  by  us  employed,  and  seut  on  to  survey  and  settle 
said  land,  to  be  obedient  to  your  orders  and  directions.  And 
you  are  to  be'  accountable  for  all  monies  by  you  received, 
conforming  your  conduct  to  such  orders  and  directions  as 
we  may,  from  time  to  time,  give  you,  and  to  do  and  act  in  all 
matters,  according  to  your  best  skill  and  judgment,  which 
may  tend  to  the  best  interest,  prosperity,  and  success  of 
said  Connecticut  Land  Company.  Having  more  particu- 
larly for  your  guide  the  Articles  of  Association  entered 
into  and  signed  by  the  individuals  of  said  Company. 

Pittsburg  and  Canandaigiia  were  the  outlying  posts  for 
travelers  to  the  Western  Beserve.  The  Connecticut  Land  Com- 
panj'  instructed  the  surveying  party  to  gather  at  Cauandaigua 
and  proceed. 

Several  of  the  journals  of  these  young  men  are  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Western  Eeserve  Historical  Society  and  the 
entries  in  some  of  them  whicli  have  never  been  published  are 
curious.  Mr.  Seth  Pease  says  under  several  dates  in  close  suc- 
cession, "I  began  my  journey,  Monday,  May  9,  1796.  Fare 
from  Suffield  to  Hartford,  six  shillings;  expenses  four  shillings 
six  pence.  *  *  *  At  breakfast,  expense  two  shillings.  Fare 
on  my  chest  from  Hartford  to  Middletowu,  one  shilling,  six 
pence. ' '  In  telling  about  his  trijD  to  New  York  he  says, ' '  Passage 
and  liquor  4  dollars  and  three  fjuarters."  When  he  arrived  in 
New  York  we  find  the  following  entry:  "Ticket  for  play  75c; 
Liquor  14c;  Show  of  elephants,  50c;  shaving  and  combing,  13c." 
Apparently  Mr.  Pease  was  seeing  New  York. 

It  will  pay  the  reader  to  take  a  map  and  follow  their  route 
from  Connecticut  to  Schenectady,  up  the  Mohawk  river  into 
Oneida  lake,  on  to  the  Oswego  I'iver,  into  Ontario  lake,  along 
the  southern  shore  of  this  lake  to  Cauandaigua,  and  then  to 
Buffalo,  from  there  touching  at  least  once  at  Presque  Isle 
(Erie),  on  past  the  Pennsylvania  line.  They  rowed,  sailed  and 
walked  the  shore.  Sometimes  part  of  them  turned  back  to  help 
bring  up  those  delayed,  or  went  ahead  of  the  party  to  counsel 
with  military  officers  or  to  make  necessary  preparations  for  the 
party.     It  was  a  tedious  trip. 

The  four  batteaux  filled  with  provisions,  baggage  and  men 
were  heavy,  while  most  of  the  men  were  unused  to  river  Ijoating. 
One  of  them  records  that  pulling  up  the  Mohawk  was  as  hard 
work  as  he  ever  did  in  his  life.    It  was  a  relief  when  thev  began 


30  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

goiug  down  the  Oswego  and  came  to  Fort  Stauwix  (Rome,  X.  Y.) 
Here  Mr.  Stow  procured  the  necessary  papers  to  allow  the  party 
to  pass  Fort  Oswego,  which  was  in  the  hands*  of  the  British. 
At  this  very  time  an  agreement  had  been  reached  which  pro- 
vided that  Americans  could  have  access  to  the  Lakes.  The  party 
therefore  rapidly  proceeded  only  to  find  they  had  been  too 
sangiiine.  The  officers  in  charge  of  the  fort  had  no  new  orders 
from  Fort  Niagara,  the  old  ones  being  to  allow  no  Americans 
to  23ass,  and  consequently  the  party,  somewhat  disappointed,  put 
into  a  little  bay  in  the  river.  The  land  was  low,  the  soldiers  at 
the  fort  were  many  of  them  ill  and  djang,  and  the  surveyors, 
ready  and  anxious  for  work  in  the  far  west,  were  not  pleased  at 
tlie  thought  of  lying  idly  in  this  unwholesome  spot  until  a  mes- 
senger could  go  to  Niagara  and  return.  Tlie  directors  of  the 
Land  Company  had  anticipated  this  trouble  as  said  above,  and 
had  instructed  Mr.  Stow,  who  was  the  commissary,  not  to  pass 
the  fort  if  there  was  opposition.  The  situation  was  trying  to 
Mr.  Stow.  Since  he  disobeyed  orders  and  brought  the  i^arty 
through  successfully,  we  consider  him  an  intelligent,  faithful 
employee.  Had  the  winds  been  a  little  stronger,  the  waves  a 
little  higher,  conditions  a  little  less  favorable,  so  that  the  boats 
and  the  passengers  had  been  lost,  he  would  always  have  been 
referred  to  as  a  guilty,  incompetent  hireling.  Luck,  daring, 
courage,  and  brains  often  make  success. 

The  officers  of  the  fort  at  Oswego  kuew  that  the  party 
arrived  in  four  boats,  consequently  when  Mr.  Stow,  with  one 
boat,  went  by  the  fort,  he  was  not  disturbed.  These  officers  did 
not  observe  he  carried  provisions,  they  only  thought  he  was 
going  to  Fort  Niagara  to  ol)tain  pennission  for  the  party  to 
move  on.  The  guard  not  lieing  on  the  outlook,  the  three  otlier 
boats  passed  the  fort  under  the  protection  of  night.  The  party 
now  was  all  safely  on  Lake  Ontario.  They  had  been  hindered 
and  bothered  in  many  ways  but  now  they  believed  their  troubles 
to  be  over.  However,  as  is  so  often  the  case  when  people  are 
sang-uine,  the  worst  they  were  to  see  was  near  at  hand.  A  storm 
came  u])  quickly  and  violently,  throwing  the  three  lioats  into 
Sodus  Bay,  where  one  of  them  was  utterly  disabled  and  where 
the  whole  party,  almost  miraculously,  escaped  drowning.  One 
can  imagine  the  anxiety  of  Mr.  Stow,  who  had  gone  on  to  Iron- 
dequoit  (the  port  for  Rochester)  when  he  learned  that  the  three 
boats  following  him  had  lieen  lost  and  nothing  saved  but  an 
oar  and  a  gun,  thrown  on  shore  at  Sodus  Bay.     Either  he  or 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  31 

Anguster  Porter  (accounts  disagree)  with,  some  men  turned 
about  from  Irondequoit  to  go  to  Sodus  to  learn  how  the  ship- 
wreck occurred.  Thej^  were  overjoyed  to  meet  Captain  Beard, 
who  told  them  that  instead  of  all  being  lost  except  the  oar  and 
gun,  the  oar  and  g-un  M'ere  the  only  tilings  Avhich  really  were 
lost.  One  of  the  boats,  however,  was  useless  and  was  aban- 
doned, but  necessary  rearrangements  were  made  and  the  party 
proceeded  on  its  way  to  Irondequoit,  Canaudaigua  and  the  new 
home. 

We  next  see  them  at  Buffalo.  The  Indians  were  expecting 
them,  and  like  all  traders  they  were  wondering  what  they  dare 
demand ;  that  is,  how  much  they  could  get  for  their  right  to  tlie 
land.  It's  a  wise  man  who  offers  neither  too  much  nor  too 
little.  A  man  who  preceded  the  party  with  the  horses  was  forced 
to  pay  three  dollars  for  pasture.  Since  the  grass  was  neitlier 
cared  for  nor  used  by  anybody,  this  was  rather  a  large  amount. 

In  our  day  of  rapid  transportation  it  fairly  exasperates  us 
as  we  watch  the  slow  movement  of  this  party  of  surveyors. 
"V\'Tien  they  arrived  at  Buffalo,  some  of  the  party  went  to  Fort 
Niagara,  probably  on  business,  some  took  a  look  at  the  Falls, 
while  Holly,  under  the  date  of  June  18th,  says,  "Porter  and 
myself  went  on  the  Creek  (Buffalo)  in  a  bark  canoe  a  fishing 
and  caught  only  three  little  ones."  It  seems  that  although  the 
streams  were  full  of  iish,  these  water  animals  were  as  capricious 
then  as  now. 

Finally,  the  council  with  the  red  men  was  had,  and  pictur- 
esque scene  it  was.  On  the  shore  of  the  lake,  under  the  starry 
June  sky,  the  white  men,  forerunners  of  the  Western  Reserve, 
with  joy  in  their  faces  and  ho]ic  in  tlieir  hearts,  sat  around  tlie 
blazing  tire  pre]iared  Ijv  tlie  red  men.  Speeches  were  made  on 
both  sides,  and  diplomatic  messages  exchanged,  and  while  part 
of  the  Indians  performed  a  swinging  dance,  the  rest  grunted  an 
accompaniment  from  their  sitting  position  on  the  ground.  Nego- 
tiations were  not  completed  then — not  at  all ;  it  was  too  soon.  The 
Indian  was  "long  on  time"  and  short  on  whiskey.  They  must 
get  drunk  of  course.  What  was  the  good  of  a  treaty  without  a 
l)Ow-wow.'  What  was  the  good  of  the  white  man  except  for  his 
whiskey  ?  So  pow-wow  and  whiskey  it  was,  but  fortunately  tli(M'e 
were  no  bad  results. 

On  June  23rd,  "after  nmch  talking  on  the  part  i>f  the 
Indians,  Cleaveland  offered  Capt.  Brant  500  pounds  New  York 
currency,   which   equals   $1,000,   provided  he   would   peacefully 


33  HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

relinquish  his  title  to  the  western  laud.  This  sum  was  not  large 
enough  to  ijlease  the  captain,  but  after  much  parley  he  finally 
agreed  to  it,  provided  Cleaveland  would  use  his  influence  with 
the  United  States  and  obtain  from  the  government  the  sum  of 
$500  annually  for  his  tribe.  In  case  he  could  not  accomplish 
this  he  was  to  promise  that  the  Land  Company  would  pay  an 
additional  $1,500  in  cash." 

Whether  this  agreement  was  kept,  and  whether  either  the 
government  or  company  paid  this  sum  is  not  known  to  the 
author,  but  as  white  men  were  treating  with  Indians  we  presume 
this  money  is  the  last  they  saw. 

Cleaveland  then  gave  two  beef  cattle  and  100  gallons  of 
whiskey  to  satisfy  the  eastern  Indians,  and  a  feast  followed. 
The  western  Indians  were  also  given  provisions  to  help  them 
home  and  all  had  been  provided  for  during  the  council.  It  is 
greatly  to  the  credit  of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company,  and  a 
source  of  mucli  satisfaction  to  the  residents  of  the  Western 
Eeserve  today  that  the  title  to  the  land  was  not  stolen  but  was 
bought  and  paid  for,  even  if  the  price  was  low;  further,  that 
possession  of  the  new  country  was  given  and  taken  under  the 
best  of  feeling  and  without  one  drop  of  bloodshed.  To  be  sure, 
our  forefathers  must  have  had  a  little  larger  supply  of  whiskey 
than  the  sentiment  of  today  would  allow  them,  when  we  remem- 
ber they  gave  away  one  hundred  gallons  and  had  plenty  for  all 
summer,  but  history  must  be  studied  from  its  own  time.  Whis- 
key was  as  plentiful  during  the  early  days  of  the  colonization  as 
was  food.  To  be  sure,  it  was  not  our  adulterated  stuff  of  today, 
but  it  was  whiskey  and  it  did  what  alcohol  always  has  done 
and  always  will  do  to  men.  Its  stimulating  qualities  sometimes 
relieved  the  lonesomeness  and  fatigue,  but  the  depression  follow- 
ing surely  more  than  overbalanced  the  good.  All  of  the  mis- 
understandings among  travelers  and  early  settlers  and  Indians 
were  caused  more  or  less  by  whiskey.  The  women  in  the  early 
settlements  abhorred  it.  They  feared  to  have  their  husbands 
take  it  lest  trouble  should  follow.  Anxiously  these  women  in 
their  own  cabins,  with  wolves  howling  near  outside,  and  babies 
huddled  close  within,  awaited  the  coming  of  the  husband  who 
had  been  to  an  adjoining  clearing,  not  knowing  what  had  hap- 
pened to  him  because  of  his  fondness  for  whiskey  or  because  of 
the  Indians.  These  women  saw  their  neighbors  succeed  and 
become  prosperous  ])ecause  of  their  self-control,  while  they 
remained  poor  because  of  the  "fruit  of  the  corn."     Many  and 


IIISTOKY  OF  TliUMBULL  COUXtY  33 

man}'  an  overworked  wife  who  liad  looked  forward  to  a  log- 
rolling for  Aveeks  went  home  from  the  same  with  weeping  eyes 
and  heavy  heart,  her  hnsbaud  too  drunk  to  gxiide  the  horse  or 
act  as  her  protector.  Some  people  believe  that  there  was  not  as 
much  drunkenness  then  as  now  and  w'ill  bring  proof  to  bear  upon 
it.  This  is  not  the  place  to  discuss  the  temperance  question,  but, 
when  we  know  that  in  range  one,  number  one,  Poland,  there 
were  eighteen  stills,  that  ministers  were  sometimes  paid  in  whis- 
key, we  can  scarcely  believe  that  the  drunkenness  of  to-day  is 
greater.  Then,  as  now,  women  were  temperate;  then,  as  now, 
they  suffered  from  drunkenness,  and  its  consequences;  then  as 
now,  they  persuaded  and  l^egged  their  very  own  to  desist ;  then, 
as  now,  they  wept  and  prayed,  and  !hen,  as  now,  a  few  were 
heeded,  while  more  were  not. 

One  Trumbull  County  woman  whose  husband  took  too  much 
at  stated  intervals,  when  he  came  in  in  that  condition,  obliged 
him  to  sit  in  a  straight-back  chair  till  he  was  sober.  If  he  started 
to  move,  she,  at  her  word,  raised  a  stick  of  wood  as  if  to  strike 
him,  when  he  immediately  resumed  his  seat.  He  finally  declared 
there  was  no  use  in  drinking  if  one  had  to  sit  still  until  sober, 
and  he  reformed.  As  a  rule,  however,  the  stick,  in  a  real  or 
metaphorical  sense,  was,  and  is,  in  the  hand  of  man. 

At  last  the  surveyors  had  reached  their  destination.  Even 
though  they  were  adults,  they  had  said  good-bye  to  their  home 
friends  with  thick  throats  and  heavy  hearts.  They  had  paddled 
slowly  the  New  York  rivers,  had  outwitted  the  British  officers, 
had  suffered  shipwreck,  had  endured  the  discomforts  of  long 
slow  travel,  had  successfully  treated  with  the  Indians,  and  now, 
in  the  afternoon  of  a  smnmer  day,  they  had  come  upon  the 
"promised  land."  The  blue  waters  of  the  lake  lapped  the  shore, 
the  creek  sluggishly  sought  its  Ijay,  the  great  forest  trees  were 
heavy  with  bright  green  leaves,  the  grass  was  thick  and  soft,  the 
sky  was  blue,  and  the  lowering  sun  bathed  the  landscape  with 
delicate  reds  and  yellows.  It  was  the  Fourth  of  July,  Inde- 
pendence Day,  for  which  their  fathers,  twenty  years  before,  had 
fought,  and  for  which  they  themselves  held  holy  reverence. 
They  bad  double  reason  to  rejoice,  and  they  shouted,  sang,  fired 
gnns  across  the  water,  adding  an  additional  salute  for  the  new 
territory.  They  drank  water  from  the  creek  and  whiskey  from 
the  jug;  they  named  the  spot  Fort  Independence,  and  drank 
toasts  to  the  president  of  the  United  States,  the  state  of  Con- 
necticut, the  Connecticut  Land  Company,  the  Fort  of  Independ- 


34  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

ence  aud  "the  fifty  sons  aud  daughters  who  have  entered  it  this 
day."  When  the  camp  fires  had  died  down,  and  tlie  stars  above 
were  thick  and  bright,  tliey  went  to  sleep  in  the  new  laud  which 
was  shortly  to  be  broken  up  into  thirteen  counties,  or  parts  of 
counties  (Ashtabula,  (leauga,  Cuyahoga,  Lake,  Trumbull, 
Mahoning,  Portage,  Summit,  part  of  Medina,  part  of  Ashland, 
Erie,  Huron  aud  Lorain).  If  anyone  had  dreamed  that  night 
that  in  one  hundred  and  thirteen  years  these  thirteen  counties 
would  have  almost  as  much  influence  in  the  world  as  the  thirteen 
original  colonies  had  at  that  time;  that  most  of  the  huge  forests 
would  be  supplanted  by  cultivated  fields  and  prosperous  towns; 
that  Indian  paths  would  l)e  macadam  roads ;  that  over  tiny  wires 
one  could  talk  to  any  part  of  this  New  Country  as  easily  as  they 
could  talk  to  each  other  that  night  on  the  lake  shore ;  that  school- 
houses  and  churches  would  be  thick  throughout  that  region;  and 
that  lioth  would  be  free ;  that  over  the  very  spot  where  they  lay 
sleeping,  jiowerful  engines  would  carry  sleejjing  passengers  at 
the  rate  of  sixty  miles  an  hour;  that  vehicles  without  horses 
would  spin  along  the  lake  front  from  Buffalo  creek  to  the 
Cuyahoga  in  less  time  than  it  took  them  to  put  their  camp  in 
order;  that  mountains  of  ore  would  lie  in  the  lake  ships  a  few 
miles  from  them ;  that  no  man  wilder  than  they  would  be  east  of 
the  Mississippi;  that  the  wildest  animals  would  lie  the  youthful 
bull  or  the  aged  house-dog;  that  in  the  nearljy  valleys  would  be 
some  of  the  most  w^onderful  industrial  plants  in  all  the  world, 
and  that  hundreds  of  men  would  have  sufficient  money  to  buy 
and  pay  for  the  whole  AVestern  Reserve  without  inconvenience; 
that  on  this  territory  would  stand  the  sixth  largest  city 
in  the  United  States;  that  slavery  would  not  exist;  that  women 
would  have  a  voice  in  making  the  school  laws,  and  that  men 
would  float  or  fly  through  the  air  above  their  heads  in  machines 
made  for  flying, — if  any  one  of  the  party  had  dreamed  any  or 
all  of  these  things,  and  related  them  in  the  morning,  he  would 
have  been  declared  untruthful  or  as  suffering  too  much  from 
that  taken  from  the  gurgling  jug. 


1411087 


CHAPTER  VIT. 


Indian  Council  at  Conneaut. — The  Start  of  the  Surveyors. — 

Setting  the  Corner  Post. — Running  the  Parallel. — 

Summer  at  Cleveland. — Return  Home. — 

Winter     at     Cleveland. — Winter 

AT  Con n eaut. — Starvation. 

()d  the  morning  of  the  otli  of  July,  two  boats  init  l»ark  to 
Fort  Erie  for  some  sui)])lies  wliieli  had  been  left  there.  The 
surveyors  began  preparations  for  the  field.  On  the  following 
day  the  Indians,  who  naturally  liked  pow-wows,  and  to  whom  a 
party  of  settlers  was  a  curiosity,  asked  for  another  oouueil. 
Both  sides  were  in  a  happy  mood.  The  Indians  made  speeches 
full  of  praise  to  General  Cleaveland,  and  Paqua  presented  him 
with  a  pipe  of  peace.  This  pipe  is  still  in  the  possession  of  the 
family.  Although  it  is  hard  for  a  New  Englander  to  "roll  out 
iionied  words,"  still  the  general  did  the  best  he  could,  and  made 
up  his  deficiency  in  flattery  with  i)resents.  He  gave  them  a 
string  of  wampum,  silver  trinkets,  and  like  things,  besides  $25 
worth  of  whiskey.  On  this  date,  the  7th,  the  members  of  the 
surveying  party  left  Conneaut.  They  were  ambitious  not  only 
to  do  their  work  quickly,  but  well.  Joyously  they  started  into 
the  unknown  wilderness.  Porter,  Pease  and  Holley  ran  the  first 
east  line.  They  found  the  north  corner  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
ran  down  five  or  six  miles  west  of  that  line. 

Moses  Warren  and  party  had  a  line  farther  west.  Before 
the  summer  was  over,  it  is  written  of  Warren,  sometimes,  "he 
was  a  little  less  energetic,"  and  other  times,  "he  is  indolent." 
He  was  eitlier  ease-loving,  or  slow.  However,  the  author  owes 
him  a  debt  of  gratitude  because  he  wrote  a  full,  clear  hand  and 
was  a  good  speller.  Manuscripts  of  long  ago  try  the  patience  of 
the  readers  of  to-day.  Both  Pease  and  Holley  left  copious 
notes.  From  tliem  we  learn  that  the  first  line  they  ran  caused 
them  much  trouble  and  many  vexations.    The  land  was  not  only 


36  IIISTOIIY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

covered  with  huge  trees,  but  witli  smaller  ones  and  with  thick 
underbrush.  It  was  impossible  to  siglit  at  long  range.  The 
spring  luid  been  a  wet  one,  the  streams  swollen,  and  the  swamps 
sometimes  impassable.  The  land  lay  flat,  and  on  the  whole  was 
uninteresting.  The  horses  often  wandered  off  at  night  and 
precious  morning  time  was  spent  corralling  them.  Sometimes 
the  surveyors  waded  the  swamps  and  streams,  sending  the  cooks, 
supplies,  horses,  and  laborers  around.  This  always  brought 
about  delay  and  more  or  less  distress.  As  the  surveyors  took 
the  shortest  route,  they  arrived  first  and,  wet,  tired,  and  hungry, 
they  were  obliged  to  wait  for  tlie  rest  of  the  party,  whose  long 
route  made  them  sometimes  hours  late.  Mr.  Stow,  the  commis- 
sary, had  his  trials,  first,  in  finding  it  hard  to  obtain  fresh  sup- 
plies, and  second,  in  reaching  the  various  parties  in  the  field. 
Very  often  we  find  notes  like  these:  "Ate  our  last  breakfast," 
or,  "Only  one  more  dinner  left,"  or,  "Had  less  than  a  half  of 
pint  of  nun  left." 

The  mosquitoes  and  gnats  were  troublesome.  The  surveyors 
complained  of  "earth  gas,"  and  tliey  attributed  the  fever  and 
ague  which  came  later  to  this  gas,  but  almost  always  at  the  same 
time  mentioned  the  presence  of  mosquitoes. 

The  plan  was  to  find  the  41st  parallel  at  the  Pennsylvania 
line,  and  then  run  west  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles.  From 
this  base  line,  five  miles  apart,  lines  were  to  be  run  nortli.  and 
later  cross  lines,  parallel  with  the  base  line,  thus  making  twenty- 
four  townships  across,  and  twelve  in  tlie  deepest  place. 

These  townships  were  niunbered  as  ranges,  and  from  the 
l^ase  lines  up  as  towns.  Before  towns  or  hamlets  were  named, 
they  were  called  by  number.  Poland  was  range  1,  number  1, 
Cleveland  range  12,  number  7.  Ag-ain  and  again  do  we  read  in 
diaries  and  papers,  "Went  to  number  4;  stopped  at  Quinby's." 
Number  4  was  not  only  township  4,  but  it  was  range  4. 

As  the  Porter-HoUey-Pease  party  proceeded  south  they,  or 
their  workmen  at  least,  realized  that  New  Connecticut  was  not 
a  Paradise.  The  monotonous  records  show  change  when  they 
reached  the  middle-east  of  tlie  present  Trumbull  County.  When 
they  ai'rived  at  what  is  now  Brookfield  they  could  see  the  Penn- 
sylvania hills  with  the  valleys  in  between,  and  they  note  that 
this  is  the  first  time  they  have  seen  "over  the  woods,"  and  they 
feel  cheered.  The  rest  of  the  route  south  was  a  little  less  trou- 
blesome and  more  interesting.  Once  they  thought  they  heard 
the  tinkle  of  a  cow  1iell,  and  hastened  to  find  it,  without  success. 


HISTORY  OF  TEOIBULL  COUXTY  37 

Tliey  tliought  they  had  just  imagined  the  sound,  but  their  ears 
bad  not  deceived  them,  for  there  was  then  a  family  living  in 
that  vicinity.  When  they  reached  the  Mahoning  river  tliey  saw 
some  traders  in  a  boat,  near  the  present  sight  of  Youngstown. 
They  talked  with  them  and  learned  that  supplies  could  be  had  at 
Beaver,  and  that  these  traders  were  on  their  way  to  Salt 
Springs,  whose  praises  they  sang. 

Finally,  on  July  23rd,  they  set  up  a  wooden  post  at  the 
intersection  of  the  41st  parallel  and  the  Pennsylvania  line,  south- 
east corner  of  Poland. 

They  had  been  seventeen  days  running  this  line.  Surely 
they  had  not  been  idle,  and  they  had  overcome  grievous 
obstacles.  Their  poor  instruments  showed  variations,  and  they 
did  not  have  time  to  prove  their  work.  When  the  whole  survey 
was  tinished,  they  were  half  a  mile  out  of  the  way.  It  was 
intended  that  each  township  should  have  sixteen  thousand  acres 
of  land,  and  not  one  of  them  has  just  exactly  that  amount. 

Moses  Warren,  and  the  other  sui^-eyors,  came  up  with  the 
Pease-Porter  party  on  the  23rd,  and  they  separated,  beginning 
five  miles  apart,  and  ran  the  line  back  to  the  lake.  The  return 
trip  was  about  the  same,  except  that  the  laborers  showed  less 
inclination  to  work,  and  the  cooks  became  a  little  more  irritable. 

On  the  5th  of  July  the  laborers  began  the  erection  of  a  crude 
log  house  on  the  east  side  of  Conneaut  creek,  which  was  used  for 
a  storehouse.  It  is  referred  to  in  the  early  history  as  "Stow 
Castle."  A  second  house  was  later  erected  as  a  dwelling  for 
the  surveyors.  It  was  then  expected  that  Conneaut  would  be 
the  headquarters. 

As  soon  as  all  was  under  way.  General  Cleaveland  started 
by  lake  for  the  Cuyahoga  river.  He  reached  his  destination  the 
day  before  the  corner  ])ost  was  set  in  Poland,  July  22nd.  Among 
those  accompanying  him  were  Stow,  the  commissary,  and  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Stiles.  There  is  no  record  of  how  this  spot  pleased  the 
party,  although  several  writers  have  drawn  imaginary  pictures 
and  noted  possible  thoughts.  So  far  as  the  writer  knows,  Moses 
Cleaveland  did  not  commit  to  paper  his  first  impression.  Tnie 
it  is,  that  many  a  purchaser  of  New  Connecticut  land,  who 
intended  to  settle  near  the  present  sight  of  Cleveland,  when  they 
saw  the  desolate  sand  of  the  lake  shore  and  felt  the  chilly  winds, 
retraced  their  steps  onto  the  Hiram  hills,  to  the  Little  Mountain 
disti'ict,  or  the  ridges  of  Mesopotamia,  Middlefield  or  Bloomfield. 

The  running  of  the  parallels  was  troublesome,  the  work  was 


3S  HISTORY  OF  TEU:\IBrLL  COUXTY 

not  finished  the  first  summer  as  there  was  not  time  to  do  that  and 
to  ])lat  the  Clevekiud  vicinity.  As  the  Chagrin  river  was  not  on 
any  of  the  maps,  it  gave  most  of  the  surveyors  some  trouble. 
Tliey  all  took  it  for  the  Cuyahoga,  of  course.  The  field  work 
was  destructive  to  shoes  and  clothes,  and,  as  said  before,  food 
was  not  always  certain.  Part  of  the  laborers  early  became  dis- 
satisfied with  only  hard  work  and  little  pay,  and  the  company, 
to  ease  things,  promised  them  pieces  of  land  and  other  rewards. 
Some  of  them  were  early  discharged,  and  others  left. 

On  September  16th,  Holley  writes,  "Encamped  a  little  east 
of  the  Chagrin  river.  Hamilton,  the  cook,  was  very  cross  and 
lazy.  AVas  on  the  point  of  not  cooking  any  supper,  because  the 
bark  would  not  peel  and  he  knew  of  nothing  to  make  bread  upon. 
Davenport  wet  some  in  the  bag. ' ' 

Thursday,  Septeml)er  22nd,  "lie  discovered  a  bear  swim- 
ming across  the  river."  "Munson  caught  a  rattlesnake  which 
was  boiled  and  ate." 

September  28th,  "1  carved  from  a  beech  tree  in  Cuyahoga 
town,  'Myron  Holley,  Jr.,'  and  on  a  birch,  'Milton  Holley,  1796. 
September  26,  1796,  Friendship.'  "  Apparently  the  young  man 
was  getting  homesick. 

October  16th,  "Came  to  camp  in  consequence  of  hard  rain; 
found  no  fire;  were  all  wet  and  cold,  but  after  pushing  about 
the  bottle  and  getting  a  good  fire  and  supper  we  were  as  merry 
as  grigs." 

During  the  summer  a  cabin  was  put  up  for  Stiles  on  lot  53, 
east  side  of  Bank  street,  where  the  store  of  Kinney  &  Leven  now 
stands.  A  house  for  the  suiweyors  and  a  house  for  stores  was 
erected  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga.  These  were  the  first 
houses  built  within  the  present  district  of  Cleveland  for  per- 
manent occuiiancy.  There  had  been  a  number  of  buildings 
erected  by  traders,  by  companies,  by  missionaries,  and  so  forth, 
but  they  were  put  together  for  temporary  purposes  and  were 
destroyed  either  by  the  wind  and  weather,  or  by  the  Indians. 
The  latter  seemed  always  to  rejoice  when  a  chance  was  offered 
to  burn  a  vacant  building.  Colonel  James  Hillman,  who  figured 
conspicuously  in  the  early  history  of  Trumbull  County,  said  he 
erected  a  small  cabin  on  the  river  near  the  foot  of  Superior 
street  in  1786.  A  })arty  of  Englishmen  who  were  wrecked  on  the 
lake,  built  a  cabin  in  which  they  lived  one  winter,  probably  '87. 
In  1797,  as  we  sliall  see,  James  Kingsbury  occupied  a  dilapidated 


HISTOKY  OP^  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  39 

building,   put   up   before    '86,    for   proteetino-   flcniv   wliirh    was 
liroiight  from  Pittsburg  lor  Detroit  people. 

The  cold  fall  days  warned  the  party  tliat  they  must  stop 
work.  They  were  not  satisfied  with  the  results,  and  neitliei'  was 
the  Land  Company.  The  latter  had  spent  $14,000  and  a]>par- 
ently  had  little  to  show  for  it.  The  southern  boundary  of  their 
territory  had  not  been  run  west  after  the  fourth  range.  A  large 
tract  had  not  been  surveyed  at  all.  All  of  the  territory  "east  of 
C'uyahoga,  Avest  of  the  fourth  meridian,  and  south  of  the  sixth 
parallel"  was  still  not  touched.  None  of  the  six  townships 
intended  for  sale  were  ready  except  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Cleveland.  However  the  surveyors  had  done  the  best  they  could 
under  the  conditions,  and  one  can  read  between  the  lines  of  their 
ordinary  surveyor  notes  an  intense  desire  to  be  at  home.  Holley 
says,  "Tuesday.  Oct.  18th,  we  left  Cuyahoga  at  three  o'clock 
and  seventeen  minutes  for  home.  Left  Job  Stiles  and  wife  and 
Joseph  Landon  with  provisions  for  the  winter."  Porter,  Holley 
and  Shepard  rowed  along  the  lake  shore  by  moonlight.  Pease 
walked,  taking  notes  of  the  coast.  (Pease  Avas  a  poor  sailor.) 
The  pack  horses  Avere  to  go  back  to  GeneA^a.  Atwater  and  others 
took  them  by  land.  So  anxious  were  these  young  men  to  reach 
home  that  they  arose  one  morning  at  2  :00  a.  m.  and  another  3 :00 
a.  m.  and  arriA^ed  at  Conneaut  on  Friday,  the  21st.  They  left 
Fort  Erie  October  23rd  at  1 :30  a.  m.  and  arriA^ed  at  Buffalo  at 
10:30,  where  they  struck  a  fire  "and  were  asleep  in  less  than 
thirty  minutes."  As  they  proceeded  and  their  desire  for  home 
increased,  their  hours  of  travel  were  longer.  Once  they  rowed 
all  night.  They  reached  Irondecjuoit  Friday,  the  27th.  Here 
somehow  they  got  out  of  the  channel  and  had  to  .iump  into  the 
water  up  to  their  waists  and  push  the  boat  thirty  rods.  Wading 
in  water  waist  deep  the  last  of  OctoVier  is  not  pleasant,  nor  very 
safe.  They  reach  Canandaigua  the  29th  and  separated.  "When 
we  remember  that  Holley  was  only  eighteen  years  old,  and  all 
of  them  were  young  men  with  education,  or  older  men  without 
experience  or  ediication,  we  believe  that  most  of  them  did  their 
duty  "in  that  state  of  life  which  it  should  please  God  to  call 
them."  Porter  was  the  chief  surveyor,  as  we  haA-e  seen.  Neither 
he,  nor  Holley,  returned  with  the  party  the  next  year.  They 
became  brothers-in-law  later.  Holley  settled  at  Salisbury,  Con- 
necticut, and  his  son  Alexander  H.  became  goA-ernor.  ^[oses 
Cleaveland  did  not  return  either.  He  retained  his  interest,  more 
or  less,  in  the  liistorA"  of  the  "Western  Reserve.    At  one  time  he 


40  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

pnrcliased  an  interest  in  the  Salt  Spring  Tract,  of  Parsons. 
Some  of  his  family,  however,  later  settled  here  and  among  his 
relatives  was  Mrs.  Chas.  Howard,  whose  children  now  live  in 
Warren. 

If  all  who  had  come  to  the  Eesei-ve  had  returned  we  could 
say  "Here  endeth  the  first  lesson."  When  the  winter  set  in, 
there  were  in  Cleveland  Joh  Stiles  and  his  wife.  Richard  Lan- 
don,  one  of  the  surveying  party,  had  expected  to  spend  the  win- 
ter with  them.  It  is  not  known  when  or  for  what  reason  he  left. 
Edward  Paine,  for  whom  Painesville  was  named,  took  his  place 
in  this  cabin.  It  is  a  tradition  that  in  this  cabin,  during  the 
winter,  a  child  was  born,  the  mother  being  attended  only  by  a 
squaw.  Of  this,  however,  we  are  not  absolutely  sure.  Supplies 
had  been  left  in  Cleveland,  and  the  Indians  were  exceedingly 
good  to  the  settlers,  so  even  if  it  was  a  hard  winter  for  the  three, 
thei'e  were  some  mitigating  conditions.  Mi*,  and  Mrs.  Stiles  were 
there  until  1800,  and  Mrs.  Stiles,  who  is  described  as  a  capable, 
courageous  woman,  lived  to  a  good  old  age. 

Aside  from  a  few  people  at  Fort  Erie,  there  were  no  white 
people  between  Buffalo  and  "the  French  settlement  on  the 
River  Raisin,"  except  those  at  Cleveland  and  Conneaut.  Soon 
after  General  Cleaveland  and  partj^  arrived  at  Conneaut,  James 
Kingsbury,  his  wife  and  three  children,  appeared.  He  was  the 
first  "independent  adventurer"  who  took  up  his  residence  on 
the  Reserve.  They  had  come  from  New  Hampshire,  stopping 
possibly  in  New  York  for  a  little  time.  His  wife  was  Eunice 
Waldo,  a  woman  of  strong  and  pleasing  personality.  In  the 
early  fall,  the  Land  Company  cleared  about  six  acres  of  land, 
sowed  it  to  wheat,  and  this  was  probably  the  first  wheat  raised 
by  white  men  in  old  Tmmbull  County.  Kingsbury  is  credited 
as  being  the  first  to  thrust  a  sickle  into  the  wheat  field,  planted 
on  the  soil  of  the  Resei've.  Just  what  Kingsbmy  did  through 
the  summer,  we  are  not  told,  but  when  all  the  surveying  party 
had  disappeared,  he  and  his  family  occupied  one  of  the  cabins, 
presumably  "Stow  Castle,"  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gun,  the  other.  It 
was  dreary  enough  at  Conneaut  Creek  when  the  winter  settled 
down.  For  some  reason,  Mr.  Kingsbury  foimd  it  necessary  to 
go  back  to  New  Hami)shire.  He  went  all  the  way  on  horseback 
to  Buffalo.  He  expected  to  be  gone  at  the  latest  six  weeks.  His 
trip  was  uneventful,  but  as  soon  as  he  reached  his  destination  he 
was  taken  witii  a  fever,  probably  the  kind  with  which  the  sur- 
veyors had  suffered,  and  it  ran  a  long  course.  He  had  left  with 
liis  family  a  nephew  thirteen  years  old,  a  cow  and  a  yoke  of 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  41 

oxen.  During  the  early  part  of  his  stay,  the  Indians  furnished 
the  family  with  meat,  and  Air.  and  Mrs.  Gun  were  kind  to  them. 
Even  when  the  husband's  fever  subsided  his  great  weakness  ren- 
dered it  impossible  for  him  to  travel,  and  his  anxiety  as  to  his 
famih'  retarded  his  progress.  There  being  no  communication 
at  any  time,  j\Irs.  Kingsbury  had  the  same  anxiety  for  him,  and 
in  addition  she  was  starving  to  death.  At  this  crisis  a  son  was 
born  to  her,  Mrs.  Gun  being  with  her  at  that  time.  As  this  child 
is  reported  to  be  the  tirst  child  born  on  the  Western  Reserve,  we 
are  led  to  think  that  the  families  of  Kingsbury  and  Stiles  became 
mixed  in  the  minds  of  some  recorders,  and  that  there  was  no 
child  born  during  that  winter  at  Cleveland,  and  that  this  was 
the  first.  Before  Air.  Kingsbury  was  able  to  travel,  he  set  out 
and  reached  Buffalo  the  3rd  of  December.  This  winter  was  a 
severe  one,  and  the  snow  was  over  five  feet  deep  in  the  lake 
region.  However,  Mr.  Kingsbury,  with  an  Indian  guide,  trav- 
eled toward  his  family.  His  horse  became  disabled,  but  he  stag- 
gered along,  reaching  h.is  cabin  Christmas  eve.  Mrs.  Kingsburj^ 
had  recovered  enough  to  be  up  and  had  decided  to  leave  with  her 
family  for  Erie  Christmas  day.  "Toward  evening  a  gleam  of 
sunshine  broke  through  the  long  clouded  heavens,  and  liglited 
up  the  surrounding  forest.  Looking  out  she  beheld  the  figiire 
of  her  husband  approaching  the  door."  So  weak  was  she  that 
she  relapsed  into  a  fever,  and  her  husband,  nearly  exhausted, 
was  obliged  the  first  minute  he  could  travel,  to  go  to  Erie  for 
provisions.  The  snow  was  so  deep  he  could  not  take  the  oxen, 
and  he  drew  back  a  bushel  of  wheat  on  the  sled.  This  they 
cracked  and  ate.  Presently  the  cow  died,  and  the  oxen  died  from 
eating  poisonous  boughs.  The  low  state  of  the  mother's  health 
and  the  death  of  the  cow  caused  the  starvation  of  the  two- 
months-old  baby.  Tales  have  appeared  in  newspapers  in  regard 
to  this  incident  which  stated  that  as  Mr.  Kingsbury  entered  his 
door  on  his  return  trip  he  saw  the  baby  dead  on  its  little  couch, 
and  the  mother  dying.  This,  as  we  have  seen,  is  not  so.  The 
child  did  not  die  until  a  month  after  Air.  Kingslniry  reached 
home. 

A  reliable  old  man  who  was  about  eighty-four  years  old  in 
1874-,  in  talking  of  the  hardships  of  the  people  of  Xew  ('(innecti- 
cut,  said,  "But  the  hardest  day's  work  I  ever  did  was  the  one  in 
which  I  got  ready  to  bury  my  boy."  There  were  then  no  hearses, 
no  coffins,  no  undertakers,  no  grave-diggers,  but  there  were  ten- 
der, loving  friends,  all  of  whom  were  ready  to  do  all  in  their 


43  ■        IIISTOKV  OF  '^li^^rRULL  couxty 

power.  But  here  was  Mr.  Kingsl)iuy,  entirely  alone  (when  the 
Gnus  left,  we  do  not  know)  and  obliged  to  do  everything  there 
was  to  be  done  for  his  l)al)y.  He,  and  his  thirteen-year-old 
nephew,  found  a  box  and,  laying  the  body  in  it,  carried  it  to  the 
top  of  a  hill,  where  Mrs.  Kingsbury,  on  her  bed,  could  raise  her- 
self enougli  to  see  the  body  lowered  to  the  grave.  When  this 
sad  duty  had  been  performed,  and  Mr.  Kingsbury  returned  to 
the  house,  he  found  his  wife  unconscious  and  for  two  weeks 
seemed  to  take  no  notice  of  anything  going  on.  Mr.  Kingsbury, 
still  feeble,  was  nearly  'discouraged,  when  suddenly  the  severe 
north  winds  were  supj^lanted  by  southern  breezes,  and  in  the 
atmosphere  was  a  slight  promise  of  spring.  Early  in  March, 
when  lie  was  hardly  alile  to  walk,  he  took  an  old  rifle  which  his 
uncle  had  carried  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  and  went  into 
the  woods.  Presently,  a  pigeon  appeared.  He  was  no  marks- 
man and  did  not  feel  at  all  sure  he  could  hit  it  with  a  good  gun. 
He  was  so  anxious,  however,  to  get  something  which  was  nour- 
ishing for  his  wife  that  the  tears  fairly  came  to  his  eyes  when 
he  saw  the  bird  fall.  He  made  a  broth  and  fed  her,  and  saved 
her  life.  From  this  on  the  family  all  grew  slowly  better,  and 
when  the  surveying  party  came  back  in  the  s])ring,  they  accom- 
panied it  to  Cleveland  and  occupied  the  cabin  earlier  referred 
to.  Mr.  Kingsbury  later  put  up  a  cabin  on  the  east  side  of  the 
public  square.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  had  a  comfortable 
cabin  built,  further  to  the  east.  Here  his  family  was  pretty 
well,  much  better  than  the  settlers  who  were  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Cuyahoga.  Later  he  built  quite  a  nice  frame  dwelling.  The* 
first  eroj)  he  raised  was  on  the  ground  near  the  square.  He 
had  three  children,  Mrs.  Sherman,  Amos,  and  Almon.  He  lived 
to  be  eighty  years  old,  and  his  wife  seventy-three.  He  had  a 
military  commission  in  New  Hampshire,  with  the  rank  of  colonel. 
In  1800  lie  was  appointed  judge  of  the  court  of  quarter  ses- 
sions of  the  peace  for  the  County  of  Trumbull.  In  1805  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  legislature.  His  letters  written 
to  Judge  Kirtland  of  Poland  at  this  time,  now  in  the  pos- 
session of  Mr.  H.  K.  Morse,  are  most  dignified  and  business- 
like. He  was  a  close  friend  of  Commodore  Perry  and  General 
Harrison.  It  is  said  the  day  before  the  battle  of  Lake  Erie,  he 
was  with  Perry  wlien  the  latter  asked  him  what  he  thought  ought 
to  be  done.  The  .iudge  replied,  "Why,  sir,  I  would  fight."  From 
all  accounts  it  seems  that  Judge  and  Mrs.  Kingsbury  were  exem- 
]ilary  citizens  and  that  the  suft'ovings  and  distresses  which  came 


HISTORY  OF  'riM'MP.rLL  COUXTY  43 

to  them  tlieii"  first  winter  in  the  new  hmd  were  wiped  out  by  the 
happy,  joyous  years  which  followed.  It  is  a  pleasant  fact  to 
record  that  the  three  women  who  came  to  the  Western  Reserve 
the  first  winter  of  its  existence  courageously  bore  the  hardships, 
sliared  the  sorrows,  and  conducted  themselves  in  an  exemplary 
manner.  The  Connecticut  Land  Company  realized  this  and  pre- 
sented to  Mrs.  Gun  one  one-hundred-acre  lot,  to  ]\Irs.  Stiles  one 
city  lot,  one  ten-acre  lot  and  one  one-liundred-acre  lot.  The  com- 
pany also  gave  to  James  Kingsljury  and  wife  one  one-hundred- 
acre  lot. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Seth  Pease. — Surveying  Party  of  1797. — Trip  Out. — Summer 

Survey. — Much   Sickness. — First   Harvest. — 

Amzi  Atwater. — Return  Home. 

The  principal  surveyor  of  tlie  party  of  1797  was  Seth  Pease, 
wlio  had  occupied  tlie  position  of  astronomer  and  surveyor  the 
year  before.  He  was  born  at  Suffield,  1764,  married  Bathsheba 
Kent,  1785,  died  at  Philadelphia,  1819.  From  Pease  Genealogi- 
cal Record  we  learn :  "He  was  a  man  of  sterling  worth,  accurate 
and  scientific.  He  was  surveyor  general  of  the  United  States 
for  a  series  of  years  and  afterAvards  was  a.ssistant  postmaster 
genei'al  under  Postmaster  General  Gideon  Granger  (his  brother- 
in-law)  during  the  administration  of  Jefferson  and  Madison." 
He  was  a  brother  of  Judge  Calvin  Pease,  of  whom  we  shall  hear 
much  later.  He  has  descendants  living  in  the  central  part  of 
Ohio. 

Early  in  the  spring  he  organized  a  party  and  proceeded 
west.  Of  tliose  who  accompanied  him,  the  following  had  been 
with  liim  the  year  before:  Richard  M.  Stoddard,  Moses  Warren 
(who  des]iite  the  report  of  his  easy-going  ways  must  have  satis- 
fied the  company  or  he  would  not  have  been  re-employed),  Amzi 
Atwater.  Joseph  Landon,  Amos  Spaiford,  Warham  Shepard.  as 
surveyors.  Employed  in  other  capacities,  Nathaniel  Doan,  Eze- 
kial  Morley,  Joseph  Tinker,  David  Beard,  Charles  Parker.  Mr. 
Pease  not  only  had  the  management  of  the  party  but  the  care 
of  the  funds  as  well.  He  left  his  home  on  the  3rd  day  of  April 
and  had  more  inconvenience  than  the  party  of  the  first  year 
because  the  company  was  not  so  willing  to  keep  him  in  funds. 
He  says  but  for  the  financial  help  of  Mr.  Mathers  he  would  have 
been  many  times  greatly  embarrassed.  Six  boats  started  up  the 
Mohawk  on  A])T'il  20tli,  and  on  April  25th  were  re-enforced  at 
Fort  Schuyler  by  Pliideas  Baker  and  Mr.  Hart's  boat.  They 
received  other  recruits  at  several  places,  and  on  April  30th  Mr. 

44 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  '      45 

Pease  obtained  his  truuJv,  whieli  he  had  left  at  Tliree  Rivex"  Point 
the  year  before.  Arriving  at  Iroudequoit,  May  4th,  others 
joined  the  party.  On  j\Iay  6th  he  interviewed  Augustus  Porter, 
hoping  to  get  him  to  talvo  charge  of  the  party  for  the  summer. 
In  this  he  was  not  successful.  One  of  the  party  got  homesick 
on  the  following  day  and  deserted.  The}"  proceeded  from  Canan- 
daigua  in  two  parties,  one  going  by  laud  and  the  other  by  the 
lake,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Niagara  on  May  14th.  The  following 
day  boats  went  back  to  Iroudequoit  for  the  rest  of  the  stores. 
"When  the  lake  party  reached  Buffalo  on  May  19th,  they  found 
the  land  party  had  been  there  two  days.  They  reached  Conneaiit 
on  ]\Iay  26th  and  put  the  boats  into  the  creek.  In  the  night  a  cry 
was  raised  that  during  the  storm  the  boats  had  broken  loose 
and  gone  out  into  the  lake.  Fortunately,  this  proved  to  be  a 
mistake.  On  May  29th  Spafford  began  sni-^-eying,  reaching  the 
Cuyahoga  June  1st.  The  Kingsbury  family  was  found  in  a  very 
low  state  of  health  at  Conneaut,  but  the  Stileses  and  Mrs.  Gun 
very  well  at  Cleveland.  Mr.  Gun  was  at  that  date  back  in 
Conneaut.  On  the  third  day  of  June,  in  attempting  to  ford  the 
Grand  river,  one  of  the  land  jiarty,  David  Eldredge,was  drowned. 
We  find  the  following  entry:  "Sunday,  June  4th.  This  morning 
selected  a  piece  of  ground  for  a  burying  ground,  the  north  parts 
of  lots  97  and  98 ;  and  attended  the  funeral  of  the  deceased  with 
as  much  decency  and  solemnity  as  could  be  ^xpected.  Mr.  Hart 
read  church  service.  The  afternoon  was  devoted  to  washing." 
Thus  have  life  and  death  always  gone  hand  in  hand. 

One  of  the  tirst  things  they  did  was  to  make  a  garden,  and 
clear  and  fence  a  bit  of  land.  The  surveying  then  began  in 
earnest,  with  headqiiarters  at  Cleveland.  Provisions  seem  to 
have  been  delivered  more  promptly  and  carefully  than  the  year 
before,  but  there  was  more  sickness  among  the  men.  On  the 
25th  of  June  Mr.  Pease  and  his  party  began  the  survey  of  the 
lower  line  of  the  Reserve,  which  was  not  finished  the  year  before. 

We  find  this  curious  and  interesting  notation  of  Amzi 
Atwater:  "In  passing  down  this  stream  (Oswego),  which  had 
long  been  known  by  boatmen,  Ave  passed  in  a  small  inlet  stream 
two  large,  formidable  looking  boats  or  small  vessels  which  re- 
minded us  of  a  sea-port  hai'bor.  We  were  told  that  they  were, 
the  season  before,  conveyed  from  the  Hi;dson  river,  partly  by 
water  and  finally  on  wheels,  to  be  conveyed  to  Lake  Ontario ; 
that  they  were  built  of  the  lightest  material  and  iutended  for  no 
other  use  than  to  have  it  published  in  Europe  that  vessels  of 


46  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

these  dimensions  liad  passed  those  waters  to  aid  land  specu- 
lation." 

Ml.  Atwater  was  one  of  the  surveyors  who  took  up  his 
home  on  the  Western  Reserve  and  proved  to  be  a  helpful  citizen. 
He  was  born  in  New  Haven  in  1776.  His  parents  were  poor  and 
his  father  lost  his  health  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  learned 
to  read  and  write,  but  was  early  hired  out  to  his  uncle  for  $60 
a  year.  At  one  time  he  went  to  visit  his  uncle,  Rev.  Noah 
Atwater,  who  was  a  successful  teacher  of  young  men.  Upon 
invitation  he  spent  the  winter  there,  studying  surveying.  His 
title  in  the  first  Connecticut  Land  Company's  employees  was 
that  of  "explorer's  assistant."  He  started  from  Connecticut, 
on  foot  and  alone,  to  meet  Shepard  at  CanandaigTia.  He  had 
charge  of  the  cattle  and  the  pack  horses  and  went  the  entire  dis- 
tance by  land.  He  served  in  almost  every  capacity.  When  the 
survey  was  finished  here,  he  worked  at  his  profession  in  the  east, 
and  in  1800,  accompanied  by  his  brother,  came  to  Mantua.  He 
bought  a  farm  on  the  road  between  Mantua  and  Shalersville,  on 
tlie  Cuyahoga,  and  here  he  lived  and  died.  Judge  Ezra  B. 
Taylor,  of  Warren,  now  in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  remembers 
Judge  Atwater  well,  having  tirst  seen  him  when  he  was  a  boy 
thirteen  years  old.  He  describes  him  as  a  gentle,  dignified,  influ- 
ential person,  who  was  known  to  almost  all  the  early  residents 
of  Portage  county.    He  died  in  1851  at  the  age  of  76. 

From  the  beginning  of  August,  about  half  the  record  is 
given  to  the  sickness  of  the  party.  Mr.  Pease  is  obliged  to  dis- 
continue his  journal  because  of  his  fearful  chills  and  fever. 
Warren  seems  to  have  esca^ied,  or,  at  least,  he  does  not  mention 
it.  During  this  simuuer,  occasional  prospectors  appeared  at 
Conneaut,  at  Cuyahoga,  and  the  places  in  between.  "The  three 
gentlemen  we  saw  the  other  day  going  to  Cleveland  hailed  us. 
As  they  contemplated  becoming  settlers,  we  furnished  them  with 
a  loaf  of  bread."     Genei'ous  ! 

iSunday,  October  8.  "Opened  second  barrel  of  pork.  Found 
it  very  poor,  like  the  first,  consisting  almost  entirely  of  head  and 
legs,  with  one  old  sow  belly,  teats  two  inches  long,  meat  one 
inch  thick. ' ' 

The  pai'ty  was  at  Conneaut  October  22nd,  on  their  way 
home.  There  they  met  Mr.  John  Young,  of  Youugstown,  who 
brought  them  word  of  the  drowning  of  three  acquaintances  at 
Chautauqua,  the  murdering  of  a  man  on  Big  Beaver,  and  like 
news.     The  party,  in  several  divisions,  then  proceeds  eastward, 


HISTORY  OF  THl'.MHIM.L  OOIXTV  4T 

arriviug  iu  Buffalo  Xovembei-  (i.  1'lie  wiuter  snows  luul  Ix'guu. 
Tlie  party  continued  to  Canandaigua  and  disperseil,  Mr.  Pease 
remaining-  some  time  to  bring  up  the  work. 

Tliis  practically  finished  the  survey.  The  facts  in  icgard 
to  the  distribution  of  land,  the  Connecticut  Land  Coini)any,  and 
so  forth  are  of  great  interest,  l)ut  tliere  is  not  space  to  tell  of 
them  here.  How,  and  by  whom,  and  when,  these  lands  were 
purchased  will,  in  part,  be  told  later. 


CHAPTER   IX. 


Kingsbuey's    Deed. — Southern    Portion    of   County    Settled 
First. — Pioneers   of    '98- '99. — John    Young. — James   Hill- 
man. — Edwards. — Doan. — Carter. — Honey. — Harmon. — 
Loveland. — Morgan. — Harpersfield. — Conneaut. — 
Thorp. — Tappan. — Hudson. — Canfield. — Shel- 
don.— Walworth. — Paine. — Atwater. — 
Hall. — Campbell. — Mills. 

James  Kingsbiiiy  may  be  considered  the  first  permanent 
settler  in  old  Trumbull  county.  Stiles  and  Gun  were  ahead  of 
him  with  the  party,  but  Gun  only  stayed  a  little  while,  three  or 
four  years,  and  it  is  not  sure  that  Stiles  intended  to  stay  when 
he  came.  It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  the  Kingsbury  baby  that 
starved  to  death  was  the  first  white  child  born  to  i^ermanent 
settlers. 

That  Kingsbury  proved  later  to  be  a  valued  citizen  we  have 
seen.  There  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  H.  K.  Morse,  of 
Poland,  the  following  which  was  found  among  the  papers  of 
Judge  Turhand  Kirtland,  Mr.  Morse's  grandfather: 

"May  18,  1811.  Eec'd,  Cleveland,  of  Turhand  Kirtland 
a  deed  from  the  trustees  of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company 
for  100  acres,  lot  No.  433,  being  the  same  lot  of  land  that 
was  voted  by  said  company  to  be  given  to  said  Kingsbury 
and  wife  for  a  compensation  for  early  settlement,  and 
sundry  services  rendered  said  company  with  me. 

' '  James  Kingslniry. ' ' 

After  the  Connecticut  Land  Company  had  withdrawn  its 
surveyors,  the  emigrants  who  appeared  settled  in  isolated  spots. 
This  was  because  they  bought  their  land  in  large  amounts  and 
the  Connecticut  Land  Company  scattered  them  as  much  as  possi- 
ble.     Old  Trumbull  County,  therefore,  was  not  settled  in  the 


HISTOIIY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  49 

usual  way,  a  few  peojile  gathering  iu  a  little  liamlet  and  working 
out  from  there.  That  this  was  true  worked  great  liardsliips. 
Settlers  were  lonesome,  far  awaj'  from  the  base  of  supplies,  had 
to  grind  their  own  corn  and  grain,  found  trouble  in  procuring 
domestic  animals,  in  having  implements  repaired,  or  in  securing 
the  services  of  a  physician,  became  sick  and  discouraged  or,  as 
metaphysicians  say  to-day,  discouraged  and  sick,  and  returned 
to  their  old  homes;  others  kept  no  records,  wrote  few  letters  to 
those  in  the  east,  took  no  interest  in  politics  or  religion,  and 
hence  their  names  are  not  preserved.  They  lived  quiet,  unevent- 
ful lives,  and  when  they  were  gathered  to  their  fathers  the  world 
knew  them  no  more.  The  number  of  those  coming  in  1798  and 
1799  was  small,  and  of  these  little  is  known.  Unlike  the  sur- 
veyors when  they  went  back,  it  was  not  to  write  reports  for 
directors  of  a  land  company,  but  to  get  their  families,  and  after 
the}^  were  iu  their  new  homes  they  were  too  much  occupied  to 
keep  diaries  and,  having  few  or  no  mails,  wrote  few  or  no  letters. 
Summer  days  were  too  jii-ecious  to  use  in  writing  and  winter 
ones,  in  dark  cabins,  too  dismal  to  want  to  tell  of  them.  It  was 
expected  that  the  northern  part  of  the  Western  Reserve  would 
be  settled  Ijefore  the  southern,  but  the  opposite  was  true.  The 
road  from  Pittsburg  was  less  hard  to  travel  than  the  one  from 
Canandaigna;  the  lake  winds  were  too  severe  to  be  enjoyed; 
the  bits  of  land  cleared  long  before,  lying  in  the  lower  part, 
seemed  very  inviting  to  those  who  had  attenii)ted  to  remove  the 
huge  trees  covering  almost  the  entire  section.  All  these  things 
combined  to  draw  settlers  nearer  the  -list  parallel. 

Of  the  tirst  settlers,  some  men  walked  the  entire  way  from 
Connecticut;  some  rode  horseback  j^art  way,  sharing  the  horse 
with  others;  some  rode  in  ox  carts;  some  drove  oxen;  some 
came  part  way  l)y  land  and  the  rest  by  water;  some  came  on 
sleds  in  mid-winter ;  some  plowed  through  the  mud  of  s]iring,  or 
endured  the  heat  of  summer;  some  had  bleeding  feet,  and  some 
serious  illnesses.  Sometimes  it  was  a  bride  and  groom  who 
started  alone;  sometimes  it  was  a  husband,  wife  and  children; 
sometimes  it  was  a  group  of  neiglil)ors  who  made  the  party. 
Children  were  bom  on  the  way  and  people  of  all  ages  died,  and 
were  buried  where  they  died.  But  after  they  came,  their  experi- 
ences were  almost  identical. 

John  Young,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  who  emigrated  to 
New  Yoi'k  and  in  1792  married  Mary  Stone  White,  a  daughter  of 
the  first  settler  of  the  land  on  which  Whitestown  now  stands, 


50  IIISTOEY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

came  to  the  lower  part  of  Trumbull  County  in  1796 ;  this  was  the 
j-ear  Kingsburj'  was  at  Conneaut.  He  began  his  settlement, 
calling  it  Youngstown.  Pie  removed  his  family,  wife  and  two 
children  to  the  new  house  in  1799.  That  year  a  son  was  born 
to  them.  AYilliam,  and  in  1802  a  daughter,  Mary.  His  oldest  son, 
John,  says : 

"In  1803  our  mother,  finding  the  trials  of  her  country 
life  there,  with  the  latch-string  always  out  and  a  table  free 
to  all,  too  great  with  her  young  family,  for  her  powers  of 
endurance,  our  father,  in  deference  to  her  earnest  entreaties, 
closed  up  his  business  as  best  he  could  and  returned  with  his 
family  to  Whitestown  and  to  the  home  and  farm  which  her 
father  had  provided  and  kept  for  them." 

He  therefore  spent  but  seven  years  in  the  town  which  bears 
bis  name  and  which  is  known  throughout  the  United  States  as 
a  great  industrial  center.  He,  however,  returned  occasionally 
for  a  visit,  probably  the  last  time  in  his  own  sleigh  in  1814.  It 
is  supposed  that  Mr.  Young's  brother-in-law,  Philo  White,  and 
Lemuel  Storrs  were  equally  interested  in  the  land  purchased. 
However,  the  contract  with  the  Connecticut  Land  Company  was 
made  alone  to  Mr.  Young. 

James  Hillman  was  early  at  Youngstown.  Three  different 
stories  in  regard  to  the  friendship  of  Young  and  Hillman  are  in 
existence.  The  most  common  one  is  that  Hillman  was  on  the 
river  in  a  canoe  and  seeing  smoke  on  the  bank  of  the  river  landed 
and  found  Mr.  Young  and  Mr.  Wolcott.  He  visited  with  them 
a  few  days  (people  were  not  in  such  a  frantic  liuriy  as  they  are 
now),  and  then  he  persuaded  them  to  go  down  to  Beaver,  where 
his  headquarters  were,  to  celebrate  the  Fourth  of  July.  This 
they  did,  and  upon  their  return  Mr.  Hillman  came  with  them,  and 
from  tliat  time  they  lived  in  close  friendship. 

Another  tradition  is  that  Hillman  brought  Young  up  the 
river  from  Pittsburg  and  that  Hillman  was  induced  to  take  up 
his  residence  with  Young.  Still  another,  that  Young  stopped  at 
Beaver  on  his  way  west  for  supplies  or  rest,  and  that  Hillman, 
whose  business  was  transporting  passengers  and  trading  with 
Indians  and  frontiersmen,  carried  Young  up  the  river,  and  that 
from  their  acquaintance  came  a  friendship  which  resulted  in 
Hillman  locating  there.  The  first  story  seems  to  be  the  generally 
accepted  one. 


HISTORY  OF  TlilUIBULL  COUNTY  51. 

The  first  house  erected  as  a  settler's  dwelliug  iu  the  Mahon- 
ing Valley  was  Young's.  This  was  in  the  neighhorhood  of 
Spring  Common,  ijrobably  on  Front  street.  Mr.  l^oung  also 
erected  a  cabin  back  of  the  residence  of  Mr.  Cliarles  Wanamaker 
on  South  Main  street,  in  Warren.  In  this  neighborhood  the 
Indians  liad  cleared  laud  and  here  he  sowed  a  crop,  and  when  it 
was  harvested  he  put  it  into  this  cabin  and  left  it  until  the  snow 
came,  when  it  was  easily  transported  by  sled. 

Eoswell  M.  Grant,  the  uncle  of  Ulysses  Grant,  under  the 
date  of  September  7,  1875,  sent  a  letter  to  the  Pioneers  Associa- 
tion of  Youngstown  for  its  celebration  on  September  10th,  which 
contained  some  facts  in  regard  to  James  Hillman.  He  says  that 
Hillman  was  a  native  of  Northumberland  county,  Pennsj^vania, 
although  his  father  lived  on  the  Ohio  river.  James  was  in  the 
Eevolutionary  war  and  was  captured  at  Georgetown.  "After 
his  return  he  went  to  a  corn-husking,  where  he  met  a   Miss 

Catherine .     After  dancing  with  her  for  some  time  he 

proposed  marriage.  A  scjuire  being  present,  they  were  married 
the  same  night.  I  have  heard  Mrs.  Hillman  many  a  time  say 
she  never  had  a  pair  of  shoes  or  stockings  until  after  her  mar- 
riage, and  I  have  often  heard  them  both  say  that  she  had  neither 
slioes  nor  stockings  wlien  they  were  married."  Mr.  Graut  then 
tells  a  story  of  Mr.  Young  being  carried  up  from  Pittsburg  by 
Hillman.  "Mrs.  Hillman  went  with  them.  After  they  arrived 
at  Y^onngstown,  John  Y^oung  offered  Mrs.  Hillman  her  choice  of 
six  acres,  any  place  she  would  choose  it  in  the  town  plot,  if  she 
would  remain.  She  did  so.  Mrs.  Hillman  took  her  six  acres 
east  of  the  spot  where  William  Eayen's  house  stood.  James 
Hillman  helped  John  Young  to  lay  out  the  town.  He  understood 
the  Indians  and  they  understood  him.  A\nien  trouble  arose 
between  the  white  and  the  red  man  he  would  volunteer  to  settle 
it  provided  he  could  go  alone  to  do  it.  In  this  way  he  did  efficient 
service  to  both,  and  did  for  the -pioneer  what  no  other  settler 
seemed  able  or  willing  to  do." 

The  first  settlement  in  present  Geauga  county  was  at  Burton 
in  the  year  1798  when  three  families  came  from  Connecticut. 

As  we  have  seeu.  Job  Stiles  and  his  wife  and  Edward  Paine 
spent  the  winter  of  '96  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga.  The  next 
year  James  Kingsbury  and  his  family  were  there,  together  with 
Major  Lorenzo  Carter  and  Ezekiel  Holley  and  their  families. 
In  1798  Eodolphus  Edwards  and  Nathaniel  Doan  and  family 
came.    The  early  manuscripts  show  that  it  took  Mr.  Doan  ninety- 


53  HISTORY  OF  TEOIBULL  COrXTY 

two  days  to  make  the  journey  from  Chatham,  Connecticut.  The 
fever,  and  fever  and  ague,  were  if  anything  worse  during  this 
j-ear  of  "98  than  in  '97.  The  Doan  family  consisted  of  nine 
persons,  and  only  one  of  them  had  strength  enough  to  bring 
water  to  the  others.  This  was  Seth  Doan,  a  boy  of  tliirteen. 
Tlie  fever  and  ague  which  ijrevailed  in  Trumbull  County  in  the 
'50s  and  '60s  was  intermittent.  Chills  would  occur  every  other 
day  for  a  stated  period,  and  then  cease,  beginning  again  on  their 
every-other-day  schedule  at  the  end  of  a  certain  interval.  But 
among  the  Cleveland  people  a  patient  was  considered  foi-tunate 
if  he  had  onl j'  one  attack  a  day ;  some  had  three. 

At  one  time  none  of  the  Doan  family  could  leave  the  house 
and  they  had  only  turnips  to  eat.  It  was  about  this  time  that 
Judge  Kingsbury  and  his  family  did  great  good  in  nursing  and 
caring  for  the  sick.  The  Carter  family  did  not  seem  to.  suffer  as 
much  as  did  the  family  of  Mr.  Doan.  Howe  says,  "destitute  of 
a  physician  and  with  a  few  medicines,  necessity  again  taught 
them  to  use  such  means  as  nature  had  placed  within  their  reach. 
For  calomel,  they  substituted  pills  from  the  extract  of  the  bark 
of  the  butternut,  and,  in  lieu  of  cjuinine,  used  dog-wood  and 
cherry  bark."  Probal)ly  because  of  this  malarious  condition, 
and  because  of  the  severe  winds,  the  colony  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Cuyahoga  did  not  grow,  and  from  January,  1799,  to  April,  1800, 
Major  Carter's  family  was  the  only  one  living  there.  The  others 
had  moved  back  onto  the  hills  and  into  the  country. 

A^Hien  John  Doan  came  west  he  had  six  children,  the 
youngest  three  years  old.  They  separated  at  Buffalo,  the  father 
and  one  son  taking  the  Indian  trail  and  carrying  part  of  the 
goods  on  the  backs  of  the  horses  and  oxen.  They  followed  the 
tirst  road  made  along  the  lake  shore,  but  there  were  no  bridges. 
"The  mother  with  tlie  other  children  made  the  trip  from  Buffalo 
by  water.  She  was  accompanied  by  an  Indian  and  several  white 
men  who  had  been  engaged  to  assist  her  on  the  journey.  They 
came  in  a  row-boat  propelled  by  oars  at  times,  and  again  by  a 
tow-line  carried  on  the  liank.  Besides  their  furniture  and  house- 
hold goods,  they  carried  a  box  of  live  geese,  which  were  declared 
to  be  'the  first  domesticated  birds  of  the  kind  ever  brought  into 
Ohio.'  At  the  mouth  of  tlie  Grand  river  the  boat  was  over- 
turned, throwing  mother,  children,  goods  and  box  overboard. 
By  good  fortune,  the  water  was  shallow,  and  while  the  red  men 
carried  the  children  ashore,  the  white  men  and  Mrs.  Doan  saved 
the  goods.     The  geese  floated  out  into  the  lake,  but  in  some  way 


HISTORY  OF  TRUilBULL  COUNTY  53 

became  freed  from  their  prison  and,  swimmiug  ashore,  were 
recaptured.  At  Grand  river  ^Ir.  Doan  met  them,  and  the  boat 
was  taken  on  to  Clevehmd  without  further  adventures.  Mrs. 
Doan,  however,  had  no  further  desire  for  marine  travel  and 
came  by  land." 

One  of  the  very  first  settlers  in  old  Trumbull  County  was 
Abram  S.  Honey,  who  came  to  Mantua  in  1798.  He  erected  a 
log  cabin,  cleared  a  spot  of  ground,  put  in  a  small  crop  of  wheat 
which  was  next  year  harvested  by  his  brother-in-law,  Rufus 
Edwards.  He  was  about  midway  between  the  Cleveland  and 
Youngstown  settlements. 

Elias  Harmon  arrived  at  the  clearing  which  Honey  had 
made,  in  1799.  He,  however,  did  not  stay  long,  but  moved  on  to 
Aurora.  He  suffered  great  privations  on  his  trip  (see  Hudson's 
Story)  and  this  continued  until  he  had  been  in  Aurora  some 
little  time,  when  conditions  were  made  easier  for  everybody. 
Wlien  Portage  county  was  set  off  he  became  its  first  treasurer. 

Among  the  first  to  settle  in  these  northeastern  Ohio  forests 
was  Amos  Loveland,  who  had  been  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution, 
and  was  engaged  in  surveying  on  the  Reserve  as  early  as  1798. 
He  selected  a  piece  of  land  in  what  is  now  a  corner  of  Trumbull 
County,  and  decided  to  locate  upon  it.  He  returned  to  Vermont 
in  the  fall  of  the  year,  and  in  December  started  westward  with 
his  family  of  seven,  and  all  his  worldly  goods  packed  on  two 
sleds,  each  of  which  was  drawn  by  a  team  of  horses.  They 
traveled  days  and  encamped  at  night  when  better  accommoda- 
tions did  not  offer.  They  crossed  the  Susquehanna  river  on  the 
ice,  and  when  the  snow  disappeared  soon  after,  the  sleds  were 
traded  for  a  wagon,  for  the  rest  of  the  journey,  which  occupied 
altogether  four  months.  It  was  April  before  they  arrived  at 
the  piece  of  woodland  which  he  expected  to  transform  into  a 
farm. 

James  Kennedy  in  his  "A  History  of  the  City  of  Cleveland" 
says: 

"Jacob  Russell  came  from  Connecticut  to  Cleveland 
with  an  ox-team,  his  wife  riding  their  only  horse.  Leaving 
her,  he  returned  for  their  children,  and  one  of  these,  in  re- 
cently relating  their  adventures,  said:  'Our  journey  was 
attended  with  the  greatest  suffering.  My  youngest  sister 
was  sick  all  the  way,  dying  three  days  after  her  arrival. 
Father  then  was  taken  down  with  ague,  so  our  house  was 


54  HISTOIJY  OF  TRUiyiBULL  COUNTY 

built  slowly.  With  the  greatest  difficulty  mother  hewed  with 
au  adz  the  stub  ends  of  the  floor  boards  and  put  them  down 
with  the  little  help  father  could  give  her.  We  moved  in, 
towards  the  close  of  November,  our  house  possessing  neither 
door  nor  window.  At  that  time  two  of  the  children  were 
sick  with  ague.  Father  worked  when  the  chills  and  fever 
left  him  through  the  day,  putting  poles  together  in  the  form 
of  bedsteads  and  tables.' 

"The  Morgan  family  came  in  a  covered  wagon,  drawn 
by  a  yoke  of  oxen  and  a  span  of  horses.  A  girl  eight  years 
of  age  rode  one  of  the  horses,  and  guided  the  lead  team  the 
greater  part  of  the  way  between  Allegheny  and  Cleveland. 
The  road  was  simply  a  trail  through  the  woods,  the  under- 
brush between  the  trees  having  been  cut  away  sufficiently 
to  allow  a  wagon  to  pass.  Three  months  were  consumed  in 
this  journey,  including  a  two  weeks'  stop  because  of  sick- 
ness." 

The  first  to  settle  in  what  became  afterwards  Ashtabula 
county  were  Alexander  Harper,  William  McFarland,  Ezra 
Gregory.  They  established  themselves  and  named  the  new  home 
Harpersfield.  They  left  (Harpersfield,  Conn.)  the  7th  of  March 
and  arrived  the  last  of  June.  Their  trip  was  one  of  the  most 
tedious  ones  of  which  we  have  record.  Why  they  did  not  at 
several  different  points  turn  I'ound  and  go  home,  we  cannot  see. 
The  following  winter,  that  of  '98  and  '99,  they  suffered  great 
hardships,  and  came  near  perishing  from  hunger.  At  times 
they  only  had  six  kernels  of  parched  corn  for  each  person.  How- 
ever, Colonel  Harper  had  two  strong,  willing  boys,  James  and 
William,  who  went  to  Pennsylvania  for  bags  of  corn,  carrying 
them  on  their  backs.  Once  the  ice  broke  through,  wetting  the 
provisions  and  themselves,  but  William  rescued  the  grain,  car- 
ried it  into  the  woods  where  he  had  ordered  his  brother  and 
friends  to  precede  him  and  build  a  fire.  When  he  reached  them 
with  the  provisions,  his  clothes  stifHy  frozen,  he  found  they  had 
succumbed  to  the  cold  and  were  lying  down,  asleep.  He  built 
a  fire,  aroused  them,  dried  the  grain  and  himself,  and  all  reached 
home  safely. 

"Thomas  Montgomery  and  Aaron  Wright  settled  in  Con- 
neaut  in  the  spring  of  1799.  Robert  jMontgomeiy  and  family, 
Levi  and  John  IMontgomery,  Nathan  and  John  King,  Samuel 
Barnes  and  family  came  the  same  season."     Howe  tells  us  that 


HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COU^'TY  55 

twenty  or  thirty  Indian  cabins  were  standing  wlien  tlie  settlers 
arrived.  If  this  were  true,  they  were  built  in  the  winter  of  '97, 
because  none  of  the  surveyors  mention  any  buildings  except 
those  constructed  bj^  the  company.  Howe  also  tells  the  story 
of  an  Indian  girl  saving  the  life  of  a  young  white  man  prisoner 
by  pleading  for  him  as  he  was  tied  to  the  stake.  She  not  only 
pled,  but  paid  furs  and  a  small  sum  of  money  as  well.  He  ob- 
serves, "An  act  in  the  lowly  Indian  maid  which  entitled  her 
name  to  be  honorably  recorded  with  that  of  Pocohantas  among 
the  good  and  virtuous  of  every  age."  The  author  is  inclined  to 
believe  that  this  visionary  tale  was  exactly  like  that  of  Poco- 
hantas. 

In  May,  1799,  Joel  Thorpe  and  his  wife  Sarah  came  to  the 
Reserve  from  Milford,  Connecticut.  They  came  in  an  ox  cart, 
and  cleared  a  bit  of  ground  in  a  very  rich  valley.  Like  all  the 
other  emigrants  of  that  year,  they  fell  short  of  provisions,  and 
the  father  started  for  a  settlement  aboiit  twenty  miles  distant 
in  Pennsylvania  for  food.  The  oldest  Thorpe  child  was  eight 
years  old,  and  there  Avere  two  younger.  Mrs.  Thorpe  dug  roots, 
upon  which  they  subsisted  for  a  time.  The  oldest  son,  Basil, 
having  seen  some  kernels  of  corn  between  the  logs,  spent  hours 
of  time  trying  to  secure  them,  without  success.  Mrs.  Thorpe 
opened  up  a  sti'aw  bed,  and  the  few  grains  of  wheat  she  found 
there  she  boiled  and  ate.  She  had  learned  to  shoot  at  a  mark, 
and  it  was  well  she  had.  Standing  in  the  door  one  day  in  utter 
despair,  she  saw  a  wild  turkey  flying  near  her.  Procuring  her 
gun,  she  quietly  waited  until  the  bird  began  wallowing  in  the 
loose  dirt  of  the  potato  patch,  when  she  crept  over  logs  until 
she  was  near  it.  Raising  her  trembling  arm,  "she  fired;  the 
result  was  fortunate;  the  turkey  when  cooked  saved  the  family 
from  stai'vation.  Mrs.  Thorpe  married  three  times."  As 
society  believed  in  the  early  days  that  women  who  were  not 
married  were  disgraced,  we  conclude  that  Howe,  the  historian, 
added  this  last  sentence  to  show  that  she  received  her  reward 
of  merit. 

One  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  old  Trumbull  County  was 
Hon.  Benj.  Tappan,  who  arrived  in  June,  1799,  and  settled  where 
Ravenna  now  stands.  A  Mr.  Honey,  as  we  have  seen,  had  pre- 
ceded him,  but  there  were  few  others.  On  the  way  from  Con- 
necticut he  fell  in  with  David  Hudson,  and  they  came  on  together 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga  river.  They  went  up  that  river 
as  far  as  Boston.    Mr.  Hudson  stayed  at  Hudson.     Mr.  Tappan 


56  IIISTOHY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

left  his  goods  and  his  family  at  Boston,  and  cut  a  road  tlirough 
to  his  new  home.  With  the  man  who  accompanied  him  he  built 
a  dray,  yoked  on  his  oxen,  and  took  part  of  his  goods  from 
Boston  to  his  camp.  When  he  went  back  for  the  second  load 
The  man  who  had  been  left  in  charge  of  the  tent  had  joined  Mr. 
Hudson's  party.  Mi-.  Tappan  had  all  sorts  of  discouraging 
things  happen  him.  The  weather  being  wann  and  wet, 
one  of  his  oxen  died  from  fly  bites,  he  was  left  with  his 
goods  in  the  wilderness,  and  he  had  no  money.  One  of  his 
men  went  to  the  commandant  at  Fort  Erie,  a  hundred 
miles  distant,  to  get  a  loan  of  money.  He  himself  did  what  most 
people  did  who  lived  in  this  part  of  Trumbull  County,  went  to 
James  Hillman,  at  Youngstown,  with  his  troubles.  Hillman 
encouraged  him,  sold  him  an  ox  on  credit  at  the  usual  price. 
All  tins  made  such  delay  that  he  had  not  time  to  plant  a  crop. 
He  therefore  had  to  depend  upon  his  own  gun  for  meat,  except 
as  he  bought  some  of  the  Indians.  He  had  to  travel  to  western 
Pennsylvania  for  his  supplies.  He  lived  in  a  sort  of  a  bark 
house  until  his  log  cabin  was  finished,  which  was  January  1,  1800. 
Mr.  Tappan  proved  to  be  not  only  a  good  citizen  for  Ravenna 
and  vicinity,  but  to  the  state  as  well.  His  later  biography  is 
given  imder  Bench  and  Bar. 

Mr.  Hudson  and  his  party,  traveling  by  water,  had  a  serious 
time.  The  Niagara  river  was  filled  with  ice  and  their  boat  had 
to  be  pulled  by  ropes  by  men  on  shore  to  keep  it  from  drifting 
down  Avith  the  current.  The  lake  was  also  dangerous  from  large 
cakes  of  ice.  He  had  fallen  in  with  Elias  Harmon,  and  when 
the  party  was  off  the  Ashtabula  shore  their  boats  were  driven 
in  and  Mr.  Hai-mon's  badly  damaged.  They,  however,  repaired 
this,  put  baggage  and  supplies  in  it,  and  the  party,  including 
Harmon,  Tappan,  and  Hudson,  arrived  in  Cleveland  June  8, 
1799.  The  river  was  so  low,  because  of  the  drought,  that  they 
had  to  drag  their  boats  over  shallow  places.  The  surveyors  had 
described  the  water  near  the  Hudson  purchase  to  be  the  depth 
they  had  found  the  water  of  the  Cuyahoga.  So  when  they  began 
dragging  the  boat  they  thought  they  had  reached  their  land. 
The  party  went  ashore,  tried  to  locate  lines,  and  after  wasting 
nearly  a  week,  found  thej'  were  a  good  ways  from  their  destina- 
tion. The  cattle  belonging  to  Tappan  and  Hudson  came  over- 
land. They  got  out  of  their  way,  and  instead  of  going  direct 
to  Hudson,  went  south  to  the  Salt  Spring  tract,  but,  after  many 
narrow  escapes  in  their  wanderings,  reached  the  Cuyahoga,  at 


HisTOKY  OF  'jM;r:\ir>rLL  corxTY  57 

Boston,  where  the  boats  were  left.  While  the}-  were  fixing  yokes 
for  the  oxen,  and  making  a  primitive  road,  the  Indians  stole  part 
of  their  provisions  "from  the  boats.  This  gave  ^Ir.  Hudson  grave 
fears  of  their  being  able  to  get  through  the  winter.  He  therefore 
turned  about,  hoping  to  meet  his  man  who  was  coming  with 
stores,  and  did  find  him,  on  July  2nd,  "lying  at  his  ease  near 
Cattaraugus."  He  got  back  to  his  party  in  time  to  save  them 
from  suli'ering.  His  own  account  of  that  summer  in  old  Trum- 
bull County,  of  his  returning  east  for  his  family  in  the  damaged 
boat  which  he  had  2:)urchased  of  Harmon,  and  which  was  so 
leaky  that  it  had  to  be  bailed  all  the  time  it  was  on  the  lake; 
of  his  reaching  his  home,  getting  his  family  and  his  party,  and 
returning  the  following  year,  reads  like  the  most  interesting 
romance.  He  was  the  founder  of  Hudson,  had  much  to  do  with 
the  Western  Eeserve  College,  and  was  a  strong,  able,  honest 
man.  He  has  direct  descendants  residing  in  Hudson  now.  His 
daughter  ^faria  married  Harvey  Baldwin,  both  of  whom  were 
vitally  interested  in  the  college  which  lately  became  the  Western 
Reserve  University  at  Cleveland.  The  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Baldwin  married  Edwin  Gregory,  who  was  an  educator  of  a  good 
deal  of  i^rominence,  being  princii)al  of  the  Rayen  School  of 
Youugstown  for  many  years. 

David  Daniels,  of  Salisbury,  Connecticut,  ought  to  be  men- 
tioned in  this  list  of  pioneers,  since  he  came  to  Palmyra  in  1799, 
and  made  preparation  for  his  family,  which  he  brought  the 
following  year. 

Ebenezer  Sheldon,  like  Daniels,  came  in  1799,  and  prepared 
the  way  for  his  family.  They  started  from  Connecticut  iu  the 
early  spring  of  1800,  and  came,  as  did  most  of  the  settlers  of 
that  year,  in  a  wagon  drawn  by  oxen.  They  led  their  horses. 
They  had  no  special  adventures  in  the  beginning,  but  were 
overtaken  by  a  storm  in  the  woods  west  of  Warren  and 
miraculously  escaped  death.  Timber  fell  all  about  them  to 
sucli  an  extent  as  to  hem  them  in.  They  had  to  stay  all  night 
in  the  woods  and  were  not  released  the  next  day  imtil  they  got 
assistance  to  cut  the  road.  One  of  the  Miss  Sheldons  became 
the  wife  of  Amzi  Atwater,  whom  we  remember  was  one  of  the 
surveyors  of  tlie  Connecticut  Land  Comioany. 

Hon.  John  Walworth,  a  native  of  New  London,  Connecticut, 
who  had  sjient  several  years  in  travel,  was  small  of  stature  and 
supposed  to  have  tuberculosis,  visited  Cleveland  in  1799.  He 
was  then  living  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cuj-nga  lake.  New  York. 


58  HISTORY  OF  TRr:\IBULL  COUNTY 

Upon  Ills  return,  he  went  to  Connecticut,  and  bought  2,000  acres 
of  laud  in  number  11  in  range  8  (Painesville).  Late  in  February 
of  1800,  lie  started  for  his  new  home.  Others  joined  him,  so 
that  the  party  filled  two  sleighs  when  they  reached  Lake  Erie. 
They  drove  on  the  ice,  stopping  on  the  shore  at  Cattaraugus 
creek  for  one  night.  They  reported  that  women  and  children 
and  all  had  a  comfortable  night.  Just  how  this  could  have  been 
in  the  wind  and  the  snow,  we  do  not  understand.  Leaving  his 
family  at  Erie,  he  went  back  to  BuiTalo  for  his  goods,  and  all 
came  safely  to  their  new  home.  Judge  Jesse  Phelps,  Jared 
Woods,  Ebenezer  Merry,  Charles  Parker  and  Moses  Parks  were 
living  in  Mentor.  It  was  about  the  1st  of  April  when  the  family 
was  settled  and  General  Edward  Paine,  who  had  made  his  head- 
quarters at  Cleveland,  took  up  his  residence  there. 

One  of  the  earliest  townships  settled  was  Atwater.  Early 
in  the  spring,  April,  1799,  Capt.  Caleb  Atwater,  Jonathan 
Merrick,  Peter  Bonnell,  Asaliel  Blakesley,  and  Asa  Hall  and  his 
wife  arrived  in  Atwater.  In  the  fall  all  of  them  except  Hall  and 
his  wife  returned  to  the  east.  For  two  whole  years  these  people 
were  the  only  white  people  in  Atwater.  Their  nearest  neighbor, 
Lewis  Ely,  lived  in  Deerfield.  In  the  spring  of  the  following 
year  a  child  was  born,  Atwater  Hall,  who  was  the  first  child 
born  inside  of  the  present  Portage  county. 

The  first  actual  settler  in  Deerfield  was  Lewis  Ely,  who  came 
with  his  family  in  July,  1799.  A  few  months  later,  Alva  Day, 
John  Campbell  and  Joel  Thrall  walked  from  Connecticut,  arriv- 
ing in  March  of  1800.  They  suffered  many  hardships  going  over 
the  mountains  in  the  snow.  It  does  not  seem  possible  that  they 
could  have  walked  all  that  distance  at  that  season,  but  they  did. 
John  Campliell  did  not  know  that  his  hard  experiences  were 
soon  to  be  forgotten  in  his  joy.  In  that  very  year  he  married 
Sarah,  the  daughter  of  Lewis  Ely.  This  was  the  first  marriage 
among  white  people  recorded  within  the  present  limits  of 
Portage  county,  although  at  that  time  it  was  in  Trumbull.  There 
were  no  ministers  in  that  neighborhood,  and  Calvin  Austin,  of 
Warren,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  was  asked  to  perform  the  service. 
Now,  it  happened  that  Justice  Austin  did  not  know  any  set  form 
for  mari-iage.  Calvin  Pease  offered  to  teach  him  a  proper 
sei'vice.  They  did  not  sit  down  by  some  good  fire  and  prepare 
for  this  wedding.  Somehow  the  people  of  this  time  had  to  do 
so  much  walking  they  continued  it  when  they  did  not  have  to. 
So  these  two  Calvins  walked  together  through  the  woods  in  drear 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  59 

November  tweuty-odd  miles,  one  teacliiug,  cue  reciting  as  they 
went.  Now,  as  we  will  see  in  the  chapter  on  Bench  and  Bar, 
Calvin  Pease  had  a  great  sense  of  humor  and  was  a  tease  with 
all.  When,  therefore,  Mr.  Austin  had  in  a  dignitied  manner  I'e- 
jieated  this  service,  concluding  with  "I  pronounce  you  man  and 
wife,  and  may  God  have  mercy  on  your  souls,"  the  assembled 
guests  were  astonished,  and  Mr.  Pease  suppressed  his  laugh,  too, 
with  great  difficulty.  Her  great-granddaughter  remembers  this 
bride  when  she  was  nearly  eighty.  She  was  tall,  straight  for 
her  age,  wore  a  dark  brown  frontpiece  of  hair  under  her  suowy 
cap  and  a  dark  brown  delaine  dress  with  pink  roses,  a  tichu-like 
cape  of  the  same  material  was  about  her  shoulders,  with  some- 
thing white  at  the  throat.  She  was  rather  sober  of  face  and 
never  held  or  kissed  this  great-granddaughter.  But  people  did 
not  show  inward  love  in  outward  expression  then;  besides  if  she 
had  held  and  kissed  her  grandchildren  and  her  great-grand- 
children she  would  have  had  no  time  for  anything  else,  for  the 
age  of  race  suicide  had  not  begun. 

It  was  the  intention  not  to  mention  in  the  list  of  "the  first 
settlers"  any  one  arriving  after  1800,  but  the  family  of  Mills, 
which  came  very  early  in  that  year,  have  been  so  identified  with 
the  early  settlement  that  exception  is  made  with  them.  Three 
brothers,  Delaun,  Asehel,  and  Isaac,  came  in  covered  wagons, 
the  usual  way.  The  trij)  was  more  expensive  than  they  expected 
and  they  had  less  than  twenty-five  cents  among  them  when  they 
arrived.  At  that  time  the  northern  jjart  of  Portage  was  being 
surveyed  vmder  Amzi  Atwater,  and  these  men  engaged  to  work 
as  ax-men  under  the  surveyors.  Isaac  was  not  married  and 
after  a  time  went  back  to  the  east.  Delaun  and  Asehel  settled 
on  the  road  running  west  from  the  center  of  Nelson,  now  Portage 
countj*.  All  the  old  diaries  of  early  travelers  who  went  to 
Burton.  Painesville,  etc.,  have  this  statement,  "Stopped  at  Mills 
for  dinner,"  or  "Fed  horses  at  Mills,"  or  "Stayed  several  days 
at  Mills."  Delaun  received  the  title  of  captain  and  was  a  great 
hunter,  of  both  animals  and  Indians.  He  was  the  Daniel  Boone 
of  old  Trumliull  County.  Wonderful,  indeed,  are  the  stories 
told  of  his  adventures.  His  children  were  Methodists,  and  it 
is  not  hard  to  close  your  eyes  and  hear  the  rather  sweet  voice 
of  Albert  ]\[ills  leading  the  Sunday  school  with  "There'll  be 
something  in  Heaven  for  children  to  do."  The  son  Homer  still 
lives  on  the  old  home  farm. 


CHAPTER   X. 


How  THE  First  Settlers  Came. — Carrying  Children  in  Aprons. 

The  Baby's  Cry. — Seeds  and  Plants. — Chestnut  Stumps  as 

Stoves.  —  First     Ovens.  —  First     L.\undries.  —  Early 

Houses. — Winter  Evenings. — Dishes. — Bric-a-Brac. — 

Chairs. — Financial    Dependence. — Books. — First 

Schools. — Pies.  —  Clothing. — Big    Families. — 

Women's  Shoes. — Horseback  to  Church. — 

Sleeping  on  Husband's  Grave. — Bre.ad- 

making. — Bears. — ^AVhiskey. 

Before  we  proceed  with  tlie  history  of  Trumbull  County 
after  1800,  let  us  take  a  look  at  the  home  life  of  the  people  who 
lived  iu  New  Connecticut  in  the  first  early  days. 

There  were  no  steam  cars,  street  cars,  automobiles  or 
coaches.  No  large  boats  came  this  way,  since  even  on  tlie  lake 
there  were  no  natural  liarbors  to  admit  them.  Men  who  had 
the  most  money  and  had  therefore  bought  large  tracts  of  land 
arrived  during  the  summer  days,  located  their  land,  cleared  a 
spot  for  the  house,  and  returned  home.  If  they  were  very 
wealthy  they  left  a  man  or  two  to  stay  through  the  winter  to 
construct  the  cabin  and  care  for  a  few  domestic  animals.  The 
following  spring  they  brought  their  families  and  began  a  new 
life.  Such  cases  were  few,  because  a  small  number  of  emigrants 
were  rich.  Most  of  the  travelers  came  in  family  or  neighborhood 
groups,  with  an  ox  cart  for  the  baggage,  and  a  horse  or  two. 
There  was  seldom  place  for  all  to  ride  and  they  took  turn  about. 
A  large  percent  came  by  horseback.  Sometimes  a  woman  would 
ride,  carrying  a  baby  and  utensils  for  cooking,  while  the  husband 
would  walk,  leading  another  horse  on  which  was  piled  the 
baggage.  Often  a  husband  and  wife,  newly  married,  w^ould  ride 
horses,  or  one  horse,  to  the  new  home.  Sometimes  men  used 
boats  as  far  as  streams  were  navigable,  walking  the  rest  of  the 
way.     Sometimes  men  walked  all  the  way.     Sometimes  women 

60 


HISTORY  OF  TKUilBULL  COL'XTY  Gi 

came  in  pairs  without  men,  walking  the  entire  distance.  Some- 
times women  carried  babies  on  their  backs  while  the  husband 
carried  the  provisions  on  liis.  "When  it  came  niglit  they  would 
sleep  on  the  ground,  with  no  covering  if  it  were  pleasant,  under 
the  trees  or  large  pieces  of  bark  stuck  on  poles,  if  it  were  rainy. 
Eecord  is  given  of  women  who  came  alone  (except  as  they  would 
fall  in  with  parties  now  and  then),  carrying  a  baby  or  leading 
a  child.  In  this  latter  case  the  trip  was  exceedingly  hard.  In 
the  beginning  she  was  in  civilization,  where  she  could  easily  find 
shelter  and  lodging.  However,  as  she  proceeded,  and  grew  more 
weary  and  more  lonesome,  hamlets  were  farther  apart,  until 
houses  almost  disappeared.  It  is  recorded  tliat  several  women 
carried  their  babies  in  their  aprons  all  the  way  from  New 
England.  The  apron  was  worn  almost  as  much  as  the  dress, 
colored  cottons  for  hard  work,  white  for  home  dress-up,  and 
among  the  wealthy  silk  for  visiting.  They  were  used  for  many 
purposes  for  which  we  Avould  never  think  of  using  them  today. 

When  women  came  alone  it  was  usually  because  they  were 
exceedingly  i^oor  and  had  inherited  laud  in  the  new  country,  or 
because  the  husband  had  preceded  them  to  prepare  a  place  for 
them.  Many  a  pioneer  motlier,  when  she  reached  the  spot  of 
land  belonging  to  her  or  to  her  husband,  saw  the  wild  country, 
remembered  her  abiding  place  "liack  home,"  covered  her  face 
with  her  hands,  sat  down  on  the  fresh  hewn  logs,  or  made  her 
way  into  the  forests,  and  gave  way  to  her  feelings  in  floods  of 
tears.  As  soon  as  this  first  disap])ointment  was  over,  she  turned 
her  attention  to  her  duty.  If  any  women,  anywhere,  in  all  the 
wide  world,  ever  did  the  courageous  things,  the  right  things,  it 
was  the  women  who  came  to  New  Connecticut  and  helped  to 
transform  it  from  a  wilderness  to  one  of  the  most  pros])erous 
spots  of  the  world. 

As  there  were  some  women  who  came  in  rather  comfortable 
ox-carts,  so  there  were  some  women  who  had  homes  awaiting 
them,  but  this  percent  was  so  small  that  it  is  hardly  to  be  con- 
sidered. 

Mr.  Ephraim  Brown,  of  North  Bloomfield,  one  of  the  early 
wealthy  men,  came  one  season,  left  men  here  to  build  his  house, 
while  he  went  back  for  the  winter.  There  were  no  women  in 
that  neighborhood.  One  Sunday  morning  in  June  of  the  follow- 
ing year  as  his  men,  with  some  neighbors,  were  sitting  in  the 
sun  in  the  opening  about  the  house,  they  heard  a  sound.  They 
all  listened.     Thev  recognized  a  baby's  cry.     One  of  the  men 


62  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

said  afterwards,  "That  was  tlie  sweetest  sound  I  ever  heard  in 
my  life."  Of  course,  he  did  not  mean  that  the  distressed  baby's 
voice  "was  so  pleasant,  but  he  knew  that  where  a  babj'  was,  a 
mother  was,  and  where  a  mother  was  a  real  home  would  be. 

Great  traveling  preparations  were  made  by  the  emigrants. 
One  woman  in  Connecticut  baked  her  oven  several  times  full  of 
bread,  dried  it,  rolled  it,  and  packed  it  in  sacks  that  it  might 
serve  for  food  on  the  journey. 

Upon  arrival,  families  sometimes  slept  in  the  ox-cart,  but 
more  often  slept  under  bark  roofs,  keeping  their  clothing  and 
provisions  near  by  in  hollow  trees.  One  of  the  first  things  these 
pioneers  did,  if  they  came  in  the  early  spring,  was  to  clear  a 
little  patch  and  start  a  garden.  Men  struggled  for  a  chance  to 
make  garden  then  as  boys  and  men  struggle  now  not  to  make 
them.  Almost  all  of  them  brought  seeds,  and  so  carefully  did 
they  have  to  plan  not  to  have  heavy  baggage,  nor  to  be  burdened 
with  small  bundles,  that  apple  seeds  were  sometimes  brought 
in  the  hollow  cane  which  they  used  for  a  staff. 

The  second  act  was  preparing  logs  for  the  house.  Some  of 
these  buildings  had  no  chimney,  no  doors,  no  windows.  It  is 
surprising  to  find  in  how  many  cases  this  was  true. 

Women  cooked  meals  at  the  side  of  chestnut  stiunps  for 
weeks  and  months  at  times.  In  many  cases  men  were  so  occupied 
in  other  directions  that  they  gave  little  attention  to  domestic 
conveniences  of  any  kind.  Eecord  is  had  of  several  women  who, 
in  despair,  made  ovens  of  clay  and  mud  in  which  to  bake  bread. 
Before  that,  they  had  had  to  stir  their  In-ead  on  a  fresh  hewn 
log  and  wrap  it  around  a  stick  or  a  corncob.  Their  children 
were  set  to  holding  it  and  watching  it  as  it  baked  and  browned. 
Children,  in  those  days,  were  like  children  in  these,  and  some 
of  them  carefully  watched  the  bread,  baked  it  evenly,  while 
others  who  dropped  it  in  the  aslies  or  burned  it  were  chastised 
for  their  carelessness.  The  result  was  the  same  in  those  days 
as  now :  the  careless  child  did  not  gTOw  any  more  careful,  and 
the  careful  child  did  most  of  the  bread-baking. 

One  of  the  sturdy  foremothers  in  Trumbull  County,  a 
Farmington  woman,  who  had  a  poor  fireplace  in  her  dingy  cabin 
and  who  loved  to  prepare  good  things  to  eat  for  her  family, 
became  desperate  because  her  husband  procrastinated  in  build- 
ing an  oven  for  her.  She  said  she  had  baked  bread  and  done 
all  of  her  cooking  in  one  big  iron  kettle  and  she  was  tired  of  it. 
She,  therefore,  fashioned  some  bricks  of  mud,  burned  them  in 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  63 

some  way,  and  constructed  au  oven  which  was  such  a  success 
that  people  traveling-  her  way  stopped  to  see  it. 

Men  and  women,  by  temperament  and  environment,  were 
the  same  in  that  day  as  they  are  now,  and  some  husbands  were 
thrifty,  loving,  temperate  and  just,  and  some  were  quite  the 
opposite ;  some  women  were  clinging,  tender  and  childish,  while 
the  majority  were  not.  The  forefather  was  really  the  monarch 
of  the  famih',  and  when  the  food  was  low  it  was  he  who  braved 
the  stoims  and  the  cold  to  bring  provisions  from  Pennsylvania ; 
nevertheless,  he  was  neglectful  of  the  smaller  things. 

On  manj'  farms,  in  Trumbull  and  adjacent  counties,  until 
within  a  few  years,  there  were  no  cisterns.  All  water  had  to  be 
caught  in  tubs  as  it  fell  from  the  roof  on  a  flatboard  leading 
into  barrels  and  tubs.  These  receptacles  naturally  must  stand 
near  the  house,  and  the  mosquitos  hatched  therein  were  con- 
veniently near  their  feeding  grounds.  AVomen  carried  their 
clothes  to  the  nearby  creeks  and  washed  them,  laying  them  on 
the  grass  to  dry.  The  well  was  often  far  from  the  house.  If 
there  chanced  to  be  a  spring,  the  stal)]e  was  often  put  nearer 
to  it  than  the  house. 

Within  the  recollection  of  the  writer,  a  farmer  who  kept 
five  men  and  whose  wife  did  the  work,  either  thoughtlessly  or 
purposely  neglected  to  keep  her  supplied  with  sufficient  wood. 
Several  times  the  housewife  threatened  to  get  no  dinner  unless 
wood  was  brought  for  her.  This  threat  was  not  effective.  She 
knew  and  the  men  knew  that  there  was  plenty  of  cold  food  in 
the  pantry  Avith  which  they  could  satisfy  themselves.  One  day 
when  the  husband  came  to  dinner  with  the  hired  hands  he  was 
obliged  to  step  over  two  rails  of  his  choice  fence  which  were 
sticking  out  the  doorway,  the  other  ends  being  in  the  stove  fur- 
nishing fuel  for  the  dinner.  As  this  rail  fence  was  his  pride 
and  as  rail  splitting  was  hard  work,  he  always  thereafter  dele- 
gated one  of  his  men  to  keep  the  wood  box  full. 

We  have  seen  that  most  of  the  log  houses  had  no  doors 
or  windows.  Blankets  and  quilts  often  served  the  places  of 
doors.  Bears  sometimes  walked  in  under  them ;  wolves  some- 
times ventured  so  near  that  if  there  was  a  loft  and  the  men 
were  away,  women  took  their  children  and  climbed  into  the  loft. 
Sometimes  they  built  tires  in  front  of  these  blanket  doors,  or 
stood  outside  and  waved  pieces  of  burning  wood,  or  set  fire  to 
a  little  powder,  to  frighten  these  dangerous  animals.  Indians 
were  especially  attracted  toward  the  quilt  doorways.     As  we 


64  IIISTOKY  OF  TRUMBT'LL  COUNTY 

know,  they  walked  very  quietly,  and  many  an  early  housewife 
has  been  badly  frightened  as  she  realized  that  Indians  were 
examining  her  quilt  from  the  outside. 

It  was  not  possible,  often,  to  tiuish  a  house  immediately. 
Sometimes  the  roof  was  not  on  for  a  long  time  in  summer.  The 
time  in  warm  weather  was  i^recious  and  a  settler  could  build 
his  house  when  he  had  nothing  else  to  do.  As  soon  as  possible 
they  hung  the  doors.  After  a  time  they  made  windows,  but  not 
of  glass, — only  greased  paper. 

The  chimneys  were  usually  built  outside  and,  under  certain 
climatic  conditions,  smoked  badl.y. 

After  a  time  there  was  a  floor,  and  women  and  children,  on 
winter  evenings,  helped  to  stuff  the  cracks  between  the  logs 
with  anything  suitable  that  they  could  procure,  while  the  father, 
and  sometimes  the  mother,  smoothed  with  the  adz  the  inside  of 
the  logs.  As  a  rule,  this  j^rimitive  log  house  had  but  one  room. 
Poles  were  stuck  in  between  the  logs  and  furnished  the  bedstead, 
while  the  cord  for  the  same  was  made  of  strips  of  elm  bark. 
Ticks  were  usually  filled  with  straw.  As  soon  as  it  was  possible 
a  loft  was  made,  and  here,  in  summer,  and  sometimes  in  winter, 
the  children  and  the  hired  men  slept.  In  reading  of  the  early 
self-made  men  of  this  country,  it  is  almost  universally  stated 
that  when  children  they  used  to  wake  in  the  morning  to  find 
snow  on  their  bed.  Access  to  these  lofts  was  had  by  ladder 
usually;  occasionally^  by  rude  steep  stairs.  As  a  rule,  there  was 
a  hatch  door  to  keep  the  cold  from  the  room  below.  Sometimes 
when  there  was  no  loft,  a  corner  of  the  cabin  was  screened  off 
by  cotton  curtains. 

Dishes  were  often  of  wood.  However,  each  foremother 
seemed  to  find  a  way  to  bring  something  to  her  new  crude  home 
which  she  loved.  The  early  German  women,  and  the  New  Eng- 
land women  as  well,  often  brought  a  favorite  bulb  or  a  cutting 
from  a  plant  at  home,  and  these  they  nursed  and  nourished,  and 
by  exchanging  with  each  other  had  some  lovely  gardens  in  this 
wilderness.  A  woman  of  Champion  had  some  peonies  which 
have  bloomed  in  that  town  for  seventy  years. 

Sometimes  they  brought  a  few  pieces  of  silver,  or  a  picture. 
One  of  the  plainest  women  in  Portage  county,  who  was  a  fore- 
mother,  brought  a  looking  glass.  This  her  granddaughter  still 
cherishes.  They  struggled  to  make  the  interior  of  their  dingy 
cabins  look  homelike.  Rude  shelves  were  put  over  fireplaces, 
and  upon  these  they  set  their  pewters,  which,  despite  all  other 


HlSTOIiV  OF  'I'ln^MlU'LL  COUNTY  63 

hard  work,  they  faithfully  polished  with  wood  ashes.  They  had 
no  rocking  chairs.  The  stools  were  made  with  three  legs,  since 
it  was  easier  to  adjust  them  on  the  rough  floors.  Thej-  could 
work  at  nothing  in  the  evening  which  required  close  attention, 
since  the  flicker  of  the  log  or  small  tallow  dip  furnished  meager 
light.  However,  every  evening  was  full  of  duties,  for  they 
dipped  candles,  i^laited  straw  for  hats,  shelled  corn  and  cracked 
nuts.  They  also  si)un,  sometimes  far  into  the  night.  As  Hon. 
Thomas  D.  Wehb,  of  Warren,  observed  his  wife  spinning  one 
evening,  he  made  a  calculation  of  her  steps,  and  when  she  had 
finished  he  told  her  she  had  walked  as  far  as  from  AVari'en  to 
Leavittsburg  and  back;  that  is  six  miles. 

Most  of  the  pioneer  mothers  who  really  clothed  aud  fed 
the  iieojile  of  the  AVestern  Reserve  had  to  beg  for  all  the  money 
they  had,  and  the  forefather  took  great  pride  in  thinking  how 
well  he  supported  his  wife.  He  did  uot  know  it,  hut  the  Yankee 
settler,  when  he  married  a  young,  virtuous,  strong,  capable 
woman,  made  the  best  bargain  any  man  ever  made.  Sometimes 
a  woman,  inheriting  a  strong  feeling  of  independence  from  her 
independent  father,  stood  uji,  in  what  seems  to  us  now,  a  feeble 
way,  and  demanded  a  small  part  of  what  was  due  her.  Such  a 
woman  was  said  to  "wear  the  breeches,"  and  her  husband  was 
termed  "hen-pecked."  Next  to  drunkenness  and  infidelity,  the 
women  who  first  lived  in  greater  Trumbull  County  suffered  more 
from  financial  dependence  than  from  any  other  one  thing. 

The  pleasures  were  visiting,  church-going  and  house-raising. 
There  were  no  undertakers  and  no  nurses.  The  housewives 
knew  the  medicinal  value  of  herbs,  and  when  left  alone  did  good 
service.  The  community  was  like  a  great  independent  family, 
one  man  ingeniously  making  ax  helves,  while  another  ])ulled,  or 
rather  screwed  out  the  teeth  with  a  turn-screw,  and  each  heliied 
the  other  when  in  trouble.  If  a  man  was  sick,  his  neighbors 
raised  his  house  or  gathered  his  crop.  A  pioneer  who  had 
nursed  the  sick  and  shared  the  sorrows  of  his  friends  in  the 
early  days,  died  at  extreme  age,  and  some  of  his  young  neighbors 
could  not  leave  plowing  to  go  to  the  funeral.  In  the  old  days 
it  was  friendship  first,  money  afterwards. 

People  were  baptized  in  streams  when  the  ice  had  to  be  cut. 

Books  were  few  and  reading  not  indulged  in  to  any  great 
extent.  In  fact,  it  was  considered  almost  wicked  to  waste  day- 
light in  study.  Occasionally,  a  lioy  who  had  determined  to 
become   a  iirofessioual  man  did  most  of  his   studying  winter 


66  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

evenings  by  the  light  of  the  log  fire,  and  hunted  the  neighbor- 
hood for  miles  aronnd  for  the  worn  and  tattered  volumes  which 
were  there. 

"When  the  schoolhouses  began  to  appear,  the  smaller  chil- 
dren attended  in  summer,  and  most  of  the  smaller  ones,  and  the 
older  ones,  in  winter.  They  walked  miles  to  school,  wore  no 
woolen  underclothing,  the  girls  cotton  dresses,  the  boys  no 
overcoats.  They  carried  their  dinner  in  a  pail  or  basket,  and 
often  ran  most  of  the  way.  They  studied  or  not,  learned  or  not, 
got  whipped  or  not,  as  they  cared  to  and  deserved,  but  at  noon 
they  ate  their  half-frozen  dinners  in  front  of  the  blazing  logs. 
The  only  tiling  the  early  settlers  of  Trumbull  County  had  was 
plenty  of  firewood. 

Neighbors  would  sometimes  gather  in  schoolhouses  where 
the  men  held  debates.  Xo  one  any  more  thought  of  asking  a 
woman  to  debate  a  tiuestion  than  they  would  have  thought  of 
urging  her  to  become  a  candidate  for  governor.  In  some  com- 
munities these  debates  were  on  a  religious  subject.  The  question 
of  atonement,  fore-ordination,  sprinkling,  immersion  and  like 
topics  were  debated  to  such  a  degree  that  friendships  were 
broken  and  communities  divided  and  disturbed  temporarily. 
Other  questions  less  serious  were  "Which  is  the  worst,  a  scold- 
ing wife  or  a  smoking  chimney?"  or  "How  many  angels  can 
stand  on  the  point  of  a  needle?" 

And  here  in  this  new  country,  where  all  started  nearly  eciual, 
some  men  became  leaders,  others  were  lost  sight  of.  Some 
accumulated  property  and  assumed  a  certain  superiority  (as 
most  moneyed  men  are  boimd  to  do),  while  others,  struggle  as 
they  might,  never  held  to  that  which  they  bought  and  died  own- 
ing nothing,  or  worse,  owing  much.  Stories  are  told  how  some 
of  the  original  land  owners  became  rich  by  pressing  hard  men 
who  owed  them,  and  how  the  same  bits  of  laud  came  back  to 
them,  time  after  time,  with  improvements,  because  payments 
could  not  be  kept  up.  Tne  people  of  old  Trumbull  County  were 
better  than  their  Connecticut  ancestors,  in  that  they  did  not 
bring  the  w^hipping  post  and  the  ducking  stool,  did  not  burn 
witches,  and  did  not  tortare,  physically,  heretics,  but  in  the 
matter  of  money  they  followed  closely  their  progenitors. 

One  of  the  early  settlers  writes  that  the  members  of  his 
family  were  great  readers  and,  being  unable  to  procure  many 
books,  read  those  which  they  had  through  repeatedly.  He  him- 
self read  "Pilgrim's  Progress"  twice  without  stopping. 


HlSTor.Y  UF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY  67 

In  the  begiuuiug  they  had  few  pastries  aud  pies.  Joshua 
K.  Giddings  says :  "The  first  mince  pie  I  ever  ate  on  tlie  Eeserve 
was  composed  of  pmapkin  instead  of  apple,  vinegar  in  tlie  place 
of  wine  or  cider,  bear's  meat  instead  of  beef.  Tlie  whole  was 
sweetened  with  wild  honey  instead  of  sugar,  and  seasoned  with 
domestic  pepper,  iiulverized,  instead  of  cloves,  cinnamon  and 
allspice.  And  never  did  I  taste  pastry  with  a  licttcr  relish." 
The  pie  soon  became  a  necessity  in  the  household,  hi  the  carlx- 
winter  the  housewife  would  bake  fifty  or  more  luince  jiies  aud 
put  them  in  a  cold  room  where  they  would  often  freeze,  and  then 
they  were  brought  out  as  occasion  needed  and  Avanucd.  The 
woman  who  made  the  oven  of  bricks  once  had  it  full  nf  jiies, 
cooling,  when  the  Indians  came  in  the  night  and  canicd  them  oft. 

Cooking  was  interfered  with  in  the  early  time  in  the  spring- 
by  the  leeks,  which  rendered  the  milk  almost  undriiikable.  The 
remedy  for  this  was  the  serving  of  onions  at  meals,  since  one 
bite  of  an  onion  disguised  the  taste  of  the  leek. 

Women  not  only  were  the  cooks  and  housekeepers,  as  we 
have  seen,  but  they  spun  cotton,  occasionally  mixing  it  with  a 
linen  which  they  always  spun  for  smnmer  clothes.  They  not 
only  spun  the  liax,  but  hetcheled  it.  They  carded  the  wool,  spun 
it,  wove  it,  and  made  it  into  garments.  Some  of  the  early  men 
and  boys  wore  suits  of  buckskin  which,  over  a  flax  shirt,  made 
up  a  full-dress  suit.  One  writer  says  that  once  when  a  pair  of 
scissors  was  lost,  his  mother  cut  out  a  buckskin  suit  with  a 
broad-ax.  Another  woman  cut  wool  from  a  black  sheep,  carded, 
spun,  wove  it,  and  made  a  suit  in  three  days  for  a  sudden 
occasion. 

There  were  three  occupations  open  to  women,  and  even  these 
were  not  open  practically  the  first  few  years  of  laioneer  life 
here.  They  were  teaching,  tailoring,  and  housework,  and  the 
remuneration  was  exceedingly  small.  One  of  the  earliest 
teachers  (all  were  paid  by  the  patrons  of  the  school)  received, 
in  compensation,  calves,  corn,  a  bureau,  the  latter  being  still 
preserved  by  her  family.  One  man  paid  her  in  a  load  of  corn, 
another  by  carrying  this  corn  to  Painesville  and  exchanging  it 
for  cotton  yarn,  while  the  third,  a  woman,  wove  the  yarn  into  a 
bedspread.     This  spread  is  iireserved  with  the  bureau. 

Women  were  good  nurses  and  in  many  cases  they  worked 
side  by  side  with  a  doctor.  Again  and  again  do  we  read  of 
women  walking  through  snow  and  cold  to  be  with  other  women  at 
the  birth  of  children  or  to  encoui'age  them  during  the  illness 


08  ■      HISTOHY   OF  TIfL.MlULL  COUNTY 

of  member.s  of  their  family.  These  women  often  rode  miles 
liorsebaek;  sometimes  they  were  so  helpful  that  the  doctor 
begged  them  to  help  him  and  carried  them  beliind  him  on  liis 
horse.  There  are  authentic  cases  of  women  not  only  going  in 
the  cold  on  horseback,  but  swimming  streams  and  arriving  at 
the  destination  with  frozen  clothes.  Occasionally,  a  woman 
would  be  more  capalile  or  more  ambitious  tlian  her  husband  or 
her  neighbors,  and  by  extra  hours  of  weaving  would  pay  the 
taxes  on  the  property,  or  make  a  payment  on  the  principal. 
(iirls  of  fourteen  and  fifteen  sometimes  became  expert  spinners 
and  weavers.  One  in  particular  was  able  to  weave  double  cover- 
lets at  that  age.  There  were  no  poorhouses,  nor  hospitals,  and 
women,  suddenly  bereaved  of  husbands,  were  talven  into  other 
families,  while  men,  losing  wives,  were  looked  after  by  tlie  women 
of  the  neighborhood.  Children  left  alone  were  cared  for  in  the 
families  as  if  they  belonged  there.  Hardly  a  family  existed 
wliicli  did  not  have  attached  to  it  a  dependent  or  unfortunate 
person.  Some  women,  feeling  that  they  had  a  right  to  a  certain 
percent  of  the  earnings,  demanded  a  calf  or  a  sheep,  which  as 
it  grew  gave  them  a  little  revenue ;  or  asked  for  a  small  portion 
of  a  crop  from  which  they  had  their  "pin"  money. 

In  1814  it  took  seventy-two  bushels  of  corn  to  buy  a 
woman's  dress. 

Under  the  hardships  and  exposures,  with  the  long  hours 
of  work  and  the  large  families,  women  died  early,  and  most  men 
had  two  wives.  Occasionally  a  father  and  mother  would  both 
die  and  leave  the  children  to  care  for  themselves.  Several  cases 
are  given  in  early  records  and  letters  of  girls  who  reared  their 
little  brothers  and  sisters  in  their  primitive  cabins.  One  such 
girl,  eleven  years  old,  kept  house  for  three  younger  children  and 
was  herself  married  at  sixteen  to  a  boy  aged  nineteen.  The 
community  watched  over  these  young  folks  and  called  them  "the 
babes  in  the  woods."  They  had  six  girls  and  seven  boys.  Fami- 
lies were  large  in  those  days,  but,  although  people  had  many 
children,  the  ])erc('ii1  which  grew  to  mature  years  is  so  small 
as  to  he  startling. 

When  chui'ches  began  to  be  Iniilt  women  contributed  in  work, 
not  only  in  furnishing  but  even  in  raising  the  building.  One 
woman  solicited  small  donations  of  wool  from  people  of  the 
vicinage  and  wove  a  carpet  for  the  church. 

Although  women  spim  and  wove  the  clothes  which  they  and 
tlicii'  families  wore,  even  to  the  men's  caps,  they  did  not  make 


iiist()i;y  of  Tiir.Air.FLL  rorxTY  (si) 

shoes.  Therefore,  when  shoes  wore  out,  they  sometimes  went 
without  them.  In  any  ease,  they  were  careful  of  them.  In  the 
"Pioneer  "Women  of  the  Western  Reserve"  many  times  shoes 
are  mentioned  as  being  most  desired  belongings.  "Women  wlio 
walked  to  "Warren  from  Howland  put  theirs  on  under  the  elm  tree 
in  front  of  Harmon  Austin's  residence.  Those  who  came  from 
Lordstown,  if  they  came  to  market,  stopped  on  the  bank  of  the 
river  for  this  same  purpose,  and  if  to  church.  tlie>-  sometimes 
waited  until  they  got  nearer  the  meeting  house.  Jn  one  town- 
ship we  read  that  it  was  not  an  unusual  thing  to  see  women 
sitting  on  the  church  steps  putting  on  their  shoes  and  stockings. 
In  another  place  we  read:  ""We  always  put  on  our  shoes  in  the 
preacher's  barn."  tSometimes  a  woman  would  have  two  pairs 
of  shoes,  or  two  or  three  dresses,  in  which  case  she  gladly  loaned 
tliem  to  her  less  fortunate  neighbor. 

A  woman  in  Mecca,  who  was  exceedingly  enterpiising, 
raised  silk  worms  and  si)un  silk  to  get  extra  money. 

Many  of  the  women  were  devoted  Christians  and  traveled 
many  miles  on  Sunday  by  horseback,  sometimes  taking  two  chil- 
dren with  them,  to  attend  services.  These  same  women  all(AV('(l 
little  or  no  work  to  be  done  on  Sunday.  Cows,  of  course,  must 
be  milked,  and  stock  fed,  but  no  cooking  was  permitted.  Beds 
were  aired  all  day  and  made  i;p  after  sundown. 

Although  people  did  their  duty,  there  was  more  sorrow 
then  than  novr,  more  discomfort  then  than  now,  less  freedom 
then  than  now.  There  was  less  o]ien  expression  of  love,  and 
more  repressed  feeling  of  all  kind.  Women  were  tired  and  worn 
out,  and,  in  many  cases,  scolded.  Men  were  sometimes  ovei'- 
bearing,  sometimes  di'unken,  and  occasionally  cruel.  A  very  nice 
woman  living  in  the  early  days  of  old  Trumbull  County,  when 
(piite  yoimg,  lost  her  husband.  She  continued  to  reside  for  a 
little  time  in  her  lonesome  cabin,  but  later  was  induced  to  marry 
a  man  of  the  neighborhood  who  had  several  children.  Aftei-  a 
time  he  became  very  abusive  and  she  was  afraid  he  would  take 
her  life.  Because  of  superstition  he  was  afraid  to  go  into  a 
graveyard  after  dusk.  The  only  place,  therefore,  that  she  was 
absolutely  safe  was  in  the  cemetery,  and  many  a  night  she  slei)t 
in  })eace  on  her  first  husband's  grave. 

Assistant  Attorney  General  of  the  United  States.  Frank  R. 
Ilutchins,  in  writing  of  the  early  life,  says:  "The  principal 
recreations  for  men  were  hunting,  fishing  and  trapjiing.  while 
for  the  women — well,  poor  souls,  they  didn't  have  any." 


TO  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

Mr.  M.  K.  Morse,  of  Poland,  says  he  lias  a  feeling  of  sadness 
every  tiiiic  lie  thinks  of  the  women  pioneers.  His  stepmother, 
ol  Avhoni  hv  was  very  fond,  was  the  hardest  worker  they  had 
oil  the  i)lace.  and  when  he  tells  what  the  men  did  each  day  this 
is  a  strong  statement.  His  grandfather  and  his  father  were 
eiiergotie,  resonrcefnl.  enterjirising  and  diligent  men.  Mr. 
^Mor^e  tells  of  their  every-day  table  reaching  clear  across  the 
room,  twcnty-tixe  iieo])le  sitting  down  at  the  first  table,  while 
sometimes  it  was  half  filled  the  second  time.  The  mother  had 
lielp,  of  ('(nirsc.  l)nt  wjiat  were  two  or  three  pairs  of  hands  with 
one  head,  to  manage  such  a  ]iarty  as  this.  He  says  they  ate 
their  lireakfast  aliont  four  u'cl<ick  and  their  supper  late.  Often 
the  women  were  still  at  work  at  eleven  o'clock  at  night. 

Anotlier  gentleman,  two  years  younger  than  Mr.  Morse,  in 
making  a  s])ee(h  at  a  ]iioneer  lennion,  said  he  never  remembered 
going  to  bed  as  long  as  he  lived  at  home  that  his  mother  was 
not  working,  and  no  matter  liow  early  he  arose  she  was  always 
at  woi-k  ahead  of  him.  A  dozen  men's  voices  shout:  Here! 
Hei'e !   Here! 

The  first  comers  among  women  suffered  cold,  hunger  and 
loneliness.  Their  followers  had  more  comforts,  but  work  was 
inei'ea^eil.  Fj\'eii  the  third  generation  put  in  long,  laborious 
hours. 

( )ne  auibitioiis  woman  Avho  wanted  to  make  a  rag  carpet  and 
whose  duties  ke]it  her  liusy  all  day,  used  to  rise  at  three  o'clock 
and  go  (|uietly  onto  the  porch,  where  she  sewed  an  hour  and  a 
half  liefoi-e  the  men  of  her  family  (she  had  no  daughters) 
l)estirred  themsi'lves.  in  the  afternoon  she  again  had  about  an 
hour  and  a  half  on  tliice  thiys  in  the  week,  and  at  this  time  in 
sunmier  slu'  sat  in  an  entryway,  but  nearby  she  kept  a  camphor 
bottle  which  she  was  oliliged  to  smell  now  and  then  to  keep 
herself  awake.  .\s  she  sewed  great  balls  of  cherry  colored  rags 
which  weic  to  be  strijied  with  darker  red  and  black,  she  would 
say  gently,  "I  must  be  getting  old;  I'm  so  sleepy."  Eighteen 
liours  of  work  and  six  hours  of  sleep  day  after  day  might  have 
ex]ilaine(|  it.  .\s  Hnished,  the  carpet  was  beautiful,  and  when 
the  men  ot  the  family  walked  thereon  -^-ith  muddy  boots  she 
would  iijjhraid  them.  The  husl)and  Avould  say,  "Well,  it  beats 
things  all  hollow  tlie  way  mother  jaws  about  that  carpet.  A 
])erson  might  think  it  cost  something."     Cost  something! 

.\)norig  the  early  troubles  of  the  housewife  was  the  getting 
of  the  inateiial  for  bread-making.     Mills  were  far  distant;    at 


HISTORY  OF  TUUMBITLL  COUXTY  71 

first,  iu  Peuusylvania,  then  Youugstinvij,  "Warreu  and  Cleveland. 
Many  families  utilized  a  hollowed  stump  with  a  long  pole  from 
which  a  stone  was  suspended  for  grinding  corn  and  grain.  The 
hand  mills  which  came  later  required  two  hours'  grinding  to 
supialy  one  person  with  food  for  one  day.  Sometimes  wheat 
would  get  wet,  or  was  not  properly  harvested,  and  bread  would 
run  despite  the  greatest  efforts  of  the  liousewife.  Baking 
powder  was  unknown,  and  sour  milk  and  saleratus  was  used  for 
light-breads ;  the  latter  was  made  by  the  housewife  herself  from 
ashes.  The  bread  was  that  known  as  "salt-rising"  or  "milk- 
rising,"  and  required  no  hop  yeast.  Tliis  would  ferment  too 
long  and  spoil,  and  the  emptins  would  have  to  be  made  again. 
As  cows  became  more  numerous,  the  churning  and  cheese- 
making  grew  heavier.  There  was  no  ice  in  summer,  and  churn- 
ing would  sometimes  occupy  half  a  day.  Cheese  was  made  in 
huge  tubs  or  hollowed  logs  on  the  floor,  and  we  wonder  how 
women  ever  could  stoop  over  and  stir  curd  by  the  hour  as  they 
were  obliged  to  do.  They  dried  the  wild  berries,  and  later  the 
apples,  peaches  and  other  fruits ;  they  rendered  their  lard,  dried 
and  corned  their  beef,  put  in  pickle  their  pork,  aud  when  winter 
closed  down,  after  1800,  almost  every  cabin  had  provisions 
enough  to  keep  the  family  from  want,  aud  most  of  this  had 
been  prepared  by  the  housewife. 

Bears  were  very  plenty  in  this  country  up  to  1815.  After 
that  their  immbers  lessened.  They  were  i)robably  the  least 
ferocious  of  any  of  the  wild  animals  here,  and  yet  so  long  have 
we  thought  of  bears  as  devouring  i)eople  that  almost  everybody 
who  has  ever  written  anything  of  Trumbull  County  has  related 
bear  stories  in  connection  with  the  pioneer  settler.  These  ani- 
mals loving  berries  aud  honey,  occasionally  carried  off  pigs,  but' 
as  a  rule  ran  away  from  men,  women  and  children.  Children 
were  always  afraid  of  them,  but  some  women  were  not.  ]\Iar- 
garet  Cohen  Walker,  of  Champion,  seeing  a  bear  near  the  house, 
chased  it  to  a  uearliy  tree,  when  it  jumped  into  the  hollow. 
Quickly  she  returned  to  the  house,  got  a  shovel  of  coal,  l)uilt  a 
fire,  aud  burned  both  bear  and  tree.  A  woman  in  Braceville 
Avorking  in  her  kitchen,  was  greatly  startled  l)y  seeing  a  bear 
jump  into  her  room  and  run  under  the  bed.  It  was  being  chased 
liy  some  farmers  from  Nelson. 

The  free  use  of  liquor  was  more  or  less  distasteful  to  all 
early  women  and  to  some  men.  We  know  of  some  early  belles 
who  deplored  the  fact  that  some  men  were  so  drunk  at  balls  that 


72  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

tliey  could  not  dance.  In  isolated  spots  the  women  took  a  stand 
against  whiskey  and  wine  as  early  as  1805.  A  man,  at  the 
solicitation  of  his  wife,  determined  to  do  away  with  whiskey 
at  a  barn  raising.  When  the  linsljand  gave  out  the  word,  the 
men  who  were  ready  for  work  declared  they  would  do  nothing 
without  liquor.  The  wife  promised  them  coffee  and  an  extra 
meal,  but  it  was  no  use.  The  husband  was  just  about  to  give  in 
when  the  wife  said:  "Just  as  you  like,  gentlemen;  you  can  go 
without  whiskej'  or  we  can  go  without  the  barn."  They  went 
away.  A  few  days  later  part  of  them,  with  others,  raised  the 
building  without  whiskey,  and  consequently  without  a  tight  or 
accident.  Wine  was  always  served  at  weddings.  The  first 
women  who  refused  it  on  those  occasions  were  considered  as 
insulting  to  the  hostess,  and  they  "were  treated  rather  coldly 
by  their  convivial  friends."  Soon  a  few  men  realized  how 
harmful  the  habit  was  becoming  and  i-e fused  to  serve  it.  One 
of  these  men  was  Mr.  Morse,  of  Poland;  another,  Ephraim 
Brown,  of  Bloomfield;  and  Jas.  Heaton,  of  Xiles.  These  men 
had  to  endure  much  harsh  criticism. 

So  the  shacks  of  bark  became  the  log  hut ;  the  hut  became 
the  cabin,  the  cabin  had  two  stories,  and  later  was  covered  with 
clapboards  and  painted  red  or  white.  The  chestnut  stump  was 
supplanted  by  open  fire  inside,  the  fireplace  then  had  a  crane, 
later  came  the  brick  oven,  followed  by  the  stove  with  the  elevated 
oven,  and  then  the  range.  The  laundry  was  moved  from  the 
creek  to  the  porch  or  the  back  room,  and  now  the  windmill  pumps 
the  water,  and  the  windmill  or  electricity  runs  the  washing  ma- 
chine. The  men  went  to  the  woods  for  meat,  while  now  the  meat 
man  takes  it  to  the  most  isolated  farm  in  Trumbull  County,  while 
in  the  towns  it  is  brought  to  your  kitchen  ready  for  the  coals. 

Then,  people  after  weary  miles  of  travel  camped  alone  in 
tlie  wilderness,  or  at  hamlets  as  the  blowing  of  a  horn  heralded 
their  a|)p]'oach  the  entire  settlement  turned  out  to  welcome  them, 
while  now  farmers  can  ride  their  bicycles  over  fine  roads  to  near- 
by railway  stations,  go  to  the  county  seat  and  pay  their  taxes. 
sell  a  ci-o]!  and  lie  back  for  dinner.  Then  women  longed  for  a  few 
hours  (if  visiting;  now,  they  can  have  conversations  over  their 
own  wire  without  having  to  exert  themselves  at  all.  And  who 
knows  how  nutch  of  the  prosperity  of  our  time  is  due  to  these 
frugal,  courageous  forefathers  and  foremothers  who  sowed  so 
carefullv?  m 


MAIN    STREET. 

Showing  the  old   Democrat  office  and  the  homestead  of  Mrs.  Charlotte 

Smith.     This  from  a  painting  by  Richard  Rawdon,  and  now 

owned  by  Miss  Franc  Potter. 


CHAPTER  XL 


Early  Settlers  of  AVarrex. — Quixby. — Storer. — McMahun. — 

Cost  of  Park. — Lane. — Case. — King. — Leavitt. — 

Families  of  These  Men. — Adgate. — Early 

Houses. — County  Without  Law. — 

Formation   of   County'. 

"We  have  seeu  how,  in  the  two  years  following  the  aiipear- 
anee  of  the  surveyors,  people  eame  into  the  Western  Reserve 
making  homes  and  really  blazing  the  way  for  the  army  which 
afterwards  was  to  follow  in  s(|iiads,  companies,  and  liattalious. 
We  can  no  longer  follow  ])ersonally  these  settlers,  but  mnstibe- 
giu  to  take  iij)  the  coimnnnities,  the  einbiyo  towns. 

The  settlements  in  the  northern  part  of  the  region  did  not 
grow  very  fast.  Although  i)ioueers  were  at  Youngstown  and 
Cleveland  early  and  about  the  same  time,  tlie  latter  did  not  grow 
at  all  and  the  former  grew  slowly.  In  18tll  Warren  was  )iy  far 
the  largest  settlement  on  the  Reserve.  We  will  therefore  take  up 
its  story. 

In  1798  Ephraim  (^tuinby  (his  grandson,  George  (j)uinliy, 
now  resides  in  Warren)  and  Richard  Storer,  residents  of  Wash- 
ington county,  Pennsylvania,  having  heard  of  the  new  terri- 
tory opened  up  to  purchasers,  came  on  horseback  to  "have  a 
look."  It  was  fall,  the  creeks  were  swollen,  and  the  trip  a  iiard 
one.  They  speak  of  Yellow  Creek  in  Poland,  the  woods  beyond 
Salt  Springs,  more  dense  Avoods,  and  then  numlier  4.  As  we  have 
seen,  people  had  been  at  Salt  Springs,  traders  had  i)asscd  back 
and  forth  through  number  4,  Indians  had  cleared  spots  of  land 
there,  but  no  white  settlers  were  yet  established.  A  hale  old  feb 
low  of  about  sixty  years,  known  as  old  Merriman.  lived  in  close 
com])anionship  with  the  Indians,  but  he  was  in  no  sense  a  resi- 
dent. James  McMahon  was  a  "s(|uatter."  He  liad  a  wife,  two 
or  three  children,  and  Ji-ved  in  a  sort  of  a  shack  wliicli  stood 
where  the  Second  National  Bank  now  stands.    Pearly  settlers  do 

73 


Ti  IIISTOIJY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

uot  seem  to  have  respected  him  very  highly.  As  related  in  the 
last  chapter,  John  Yoimg  had  built  a  cabin  back  of  the  present 
\\'anamaker  residence  at  the  south  end  of  the  present  Main 
street  bridge,  and  here  Quiubj'  and  Storer  took  up  their  resi- 
dence. They  were  not  the  tirst  to  occupy  this  place  when  Mr. 
Young  was  absent.  Men  who  were  trading  with  the  Indians  and 
the  whites  at  Detroit,  planned  to  stay  all  night,  or  several  nights 
in  this  building,  going  and  coming  from  Pittsburg.  There  were 
several  clearings  here  then,  one  covering  about  twenty  acres 
Avhere  the  lower  i^art  of  the  present  "Flats"  is,  and  some  sixty 
acres  on  the  laud  so  long  known  as  the  Fusselman  fami.  Al- 
though this  Avas  uot  a  very  pleasant  part  of  the  year  the  two  men 
seemed  to  be  well  satisfied  and  each  decided  on  the  purchase  of 
property.  Mr.  Quiuljy  selected  441  acres  of  land  in  Lots  28  and 
35.  This  really  included  a  goodly  part  of  what  is  now  Warren, 
running  south  aud  west.  For  this  he  ]iaid  $3.69  per  acre,  so  that 
our  present  court-house  yard  cost  him  about  $16.00.  j\Ir.  Quinby 
and  Mr.  Storer  went  home  for  the  winter,  aud  returned  about  the 
middle  of  April,  1799.  This  is  the  real  date  of  the  settlement  of 
A^'arreu.  Aside  from  ^Ir.  Quinl)y  and  Mr.  Storer,  AVilliam  Fen- 
ton,  wife  aud  child,  Francis  Carlton  and  his  children,  John,  Will- 
iam, Margaret  and  Peter,  came  with  them.  We  presume  Mrs. 
Carlton  accomi^anied  Francis,  since  it  is  not  at  all  likely  that  he 
would  bring  his  children  into  the  wilderness  without  a  mother. 
Her  name  is  not  mentioned.  William  Fenton  and  his  family 
lived  in  the  cabin  where  McjMahon  had  lived,  the  latter  moving 
into  the  southwest  corner  of  Howlaud.  As  no  streets  were  laid 
out,  as  the  whole  level  of  the  land  has  been  changed,  it  is  not 
absolutely  certain  whether  this  cabin  stood  where  the  Second 
National  Bank  now  stauds,  or  on  the  river  bank  back  of  the 
present  Byard  &  Voit  store.  .Vt  any  rate,  it  is  not  far  distant 
from  either.  AVherever  it  stood,  it  was  the  first  building  erected 
in  wliat  is  now  the  business  portion  of  the  town.  Mr.  Storer  put 
Ti])  a  cabin  on  the  old  Fusselman  ground,  and  Mr.  Quinby  erected 
a  log  building  about  where  the  ]\Iaiu  Street  Erie  Station  stands. 
This  dwelling  had  two  rooms,  bedroom  and  kitchen.  A  third 
room  was  raised  during  this  first  summer  but  it  was  not  fur- 
nished mitil  the  next  year  and  was  used  as  a  jail. 

Ephraim  Quinby  was  boru  in  New  Jersey  in  1766;  married 
Ammi  Blackmore  of  Brownsville  in  1795 ;  settled  in  Washington 
county  and  founded  Warren  in  1799  as  above  stated.  He  was 
a  man  of  great  integrity,  interested  in  the  prosperity  of  the  new 


MAIN    STREET, 
Showing  old  engine  house  and  site  where  city  hall  now  stands. 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  75 

country  and  oonueeted  with  all  of  the  early  history  of  Warren. 
That  this  fonnder  and  liliilanthropist  should  have  been  forgot- 
ten by  the  descendants  of  his  companions  is  almost  inexcusable. 
He  gave  land  upon  which  the  court  liouse  stands,  upon  which 
the  first  jail  and  the  first  city  buihbng  were  built,  the  whole  tract 
that  skirts  the  river  fi'om  tlic  west  side  of  tlu'  Market  Street 
Inidge  to  tlie  (L)uinby  homestead  hnid,  and  yet  not  one  monu- 
ment, park,  bronze  tablet,  or  street,  except  a  small,  unimportant 
one,  liears  his  name.  The  ])resent  Tod  avenue  ran  through  his 
farm  and  should  have  been  called  Quinby  street.  Home  time 
ago  an  effort  was  made  t(t  change  Parkman  street  to  Quinby. 
People  residing  on  that  street  objected.  They  were  new  peo])le 
and  had  not  been  taught  by  the  press  and  the  older  citizens  who 
Mr.  Quiu1)y  was  or  how  iinicli  tlieii-  town  Avas  indelited  to  him. 
For  many  years  the  land  west  of  the  river,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  West  ^larket  street,  was  known  as  Quinby  Hill,  but  even 
that  term  has  been  ol)literate(l  ))y  "the  West  Side."  It  would 
seem  exceedingly  a]ipropriate  to  call  the  land  lietween  the  river 
and  Main  street,  upon  which  the  city  hall  and  the  monument 
stand,  Quinby  Park. 

After  Mr.  Quinby  took  up  his  residence  in  Warren  he  had 
eight  children,  E]iza))etli,  William,  Mary  G.,  James,  Warren, 
Ephraim,  Charles  A.  and  George.  Ammi  Quinl)y  died  in  1833. 
Nancy,  the  oldest  daughter,  married  Joseph  Larwell,  of  Wooster, 
and  lived  to  be  more  than  a  hnndr('(l  years  old.  Mary  married 
^Ir.  Spellman  and  lived  at  Wooster.  She  was  the  second  child 
born  in  Warren  township.  Elizabeth,  who  married  Dr.  Heaton, 
lived  and  died  in  AVarren.  William  was  recorder  of  Trumbull 
County  and  a  merchant;  lived  all  his  life  in  Warren,  .lames 
was  a  merchant,  and  lived  in  New  Lisbon.  George  lived  in  Woos- 
ter and  acquired  a  great  fortune.  Warren  and  Samuel  lived 
in  Warren,  as  did  also  Charles.  Ei)liraim  Quinby  was  not  only 
a  real  estate  dealer  and  a  farmer,  but  an  associate  judge.  He 
w^as  one  of  the  original  stockholders  in  the  Western  Eeserve 
Bank.  He  and  his  family  were  memliers  of  the  early  Baptist 
cliurch,  and  but  for  his  intiuence  and  that  of  his  family  connec- 
tions this  church  might  have  gone  out  of  existence. 

Ephraim  Quinby's  children  and  his  grandchildren  mar- 
ried into  some  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  coimty,  and  he 
lias  today  a  large  number  of  collateral  descendants.  I  lis 
son  Samuel  was  a  very  ])ros]ierous  man  and  occupied  the 
same    jilace    in    the    communit>'     as     liis     father     had     befort^ 


76  HISTORY  OF  Tr>r:\iBrLL  corxTY 

him.  He  was  a  member  of  several  of  the  early  Inisiness 
houses,  was  publisher  of  the  Tiunq)  of  Fame,  was  the  receiver 
of  monies  derived  fiMn;tlie  sale  of  public  lands,  and  when  the 
land  office  for  this  di.trict  ^^iis  at  Wooster,  Ohio,  he  lived  there, 
lie  returned  to  AVarren  in  1840.  He  was  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania  Canal  and  was  director 
of  the  Western  Eeserve  Bank  in  1817.  He  was  always  interested 
in  politics,  was  state  senator  in  '44  and  '45  and  again  in  '62  and 
'63.  In  1819  he  married  Lucy  Potter  of  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He 
had  two  daughters.  Elizabeth  (who  married  William  Stiles,  Lucy 
Stiles  Cobb  being  her  daughter,  and  Elizabeth  Cobb,  her  grand- 
daughter) and  Abagail  Haymaker,  who  is  still  living  in  Wooster. 
Mrs.  Lucy  Quinby  died  and  ]\h'.  Quinby  in  1847  married  Emma 
Bennett  Brown,  a  widow,  and  a  sister  of  Mrs.  C.  W.  Tyler,  wlio 
was  the  widow  of  Calvin  Sutliff,  and  Mrs.  Emily  Bennett 
Hutchins. 

George  H.  Quinby  was  a  son  by  the  second  marriage  and 
has  lived  all  his  life  in  Warren,  and  until  within  a  few  years 
in  tb.e  old  Quinby  home. 

The  mother  of  Ephraim  (|)uiiiby  was  Miss  Ritteuhouse. 
Her  people  built  and  oi)erated  the  first  printing  press  west  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains.  They  made  telescopes,  light-houses, 
etc.  She  was  interred  in  the  Oakwood  cemetery  among  the  first 
who  were  laid  away  there. 

The  second  party  to  come  to  Warren  was  also  from  Wash- 
ington county.  It  consisted  of  Henry  Lane  Sr.,  two  of  his 
grandchildren,  the  children  of  Benjamin  (Benjamin  Lane  and 
Lina  Lane  Greiner  live  in  Warren  now),  John  Lane.  Edward 
Jones,  ste])son  of  John  Lane,  and  Meshack  Case  (the  blisses 
Mary  and  Harriet  Stevens,  the  grandaughters  of  Mr.  Case, 
have  resided  in  Warren  all  their  lives).  Of  these  two  parties, 
Mr.  <|)uinl)y,  Mr.  Lane  and  Air.  Case,  afterwards,  by  themselves 
and  their  descendants,  figured  prominently  in  the  development 
of  ^Varren.  Henry  Lane  Sr.,  who  died  in  1844  at  the  age  of  78, 
liought  land  in  the  lower  part  of  town,  a  ]iortion  of  which  has 
licen  in  the  family  ever  since.  The  sou,  John  Laue,  and  Edward 
Jones,  planted  corn  and  lived  in  the  Young  cabin.  Air.  Case 
made  no  selection  of  land  at  this  time.  His  decisions  and  those 
of  his  son  and  grandson  were  usually  judicious  and  were  not 
arrived  at  without  careful  thought.  He  returned  to  Washington 
county  but  came  back  again  in  August,  when  he  bought  198  acres 
of  Kicliard  Storer.     He  cleared  two  acres  of  land  and  put  up  a 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMIirLl.  I'OI  XTY  77 

cabin,  went  back  to  Wasliington  county  in  September  for  his 
family. 

.Mr.  Ebenezer  King  Jr.,  Mr.  John  Leavitt,  and  William 
Crooks  and  wife,  all  of  Connecticut,  the  two  former  owning  land 
in  this  new  country,  came  during  the  summer  of  1799.  King  and 
Leavitt  made  only  a  short  stay.  These  were  the  first  settlers 
from  Connecticut.  Crooks  raised  a  cabin,  made  a  clearing,  in 
the  western  part  of  the  present  Warren  township,  and  sowed 
wheat.  This  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  wheat  raised  in 
the  townshi}),  probably  within  the  present  limits  of  Trumliull 
County.  In  the  fall,  Mr.  Henry  Lane  Sr.  brought  with  him  his 
son,  Benjamin,  a  boy  of  fourteen.  On  the  horse  which  the  lad 
rode  were  one  hundred  little  apple  trees,  which  were  imme- 
diately set  out.  These  bore  apples  for  many  years,  and  some 
are  still  standing,  one  in  the  yard  of  ]Mr.  Charles  Wanamaker  on 
South  Main  street.  Mr.  Lane  and  both  his  sons  went  home  for 
the  winter.  The  Young  cabin,  which  was  now  occupied  more  or 
less  most  of  the  time,  was  taken  possession  of  in  the  fall  by 
Edward  Jones,  whose  wife  had  joined  him.  Up  to  this  time  all 
the  settlers  had  been  from  Washington  county,  Pennsylvania. 
In  September,  Benjamin  Davison  (the  great-grandfather  of  Mr. 
S.  C.  Iddings)  of  Huntingdon,  Huntingdon  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, bought  land  below  the  Fusselman  farm  next  to  Mr.  Case. 
He  ]iut  u})  a  cabin  and  went  home  when  the  weather  became  cold. 

Sometime  during-  this  year,  range  number  ■!  began  to  be 
called  Warren  in  honor  of  Closes  Warren,  the  surveyor  who  ran 
the  third  range  line. 

*^)uinby  and  Storer  in-  the  autumn  went  to  Washington 
county  for  their  families  and  as  soon  as  the  ground  was  thor- 
oughly frozen,  returned  with  them.  During  the  last  days  of 
the  yeai'  of  1799  i)eople  living  in  Warren  were,  Ephraim  Quinby, 
his  wife  Aimni,  children  Nancy,  Samuel  and  William  (William 
six  months  old,  rode  with  mother)  ;  Bichard  Storer,  his  wife  and 
three  children;  Francis  Carolton,  John,  William,  Margaret  and 
Peter,  his  children;  William  Fenton,  wife  and  two  children; 
Edward  Jones  and  wife;  William  Crooks  and  wife;  Jonathan 
and  Josiah  Church.  There  were  two  or  three  workmen  who  are 
mentioned  as  "hands,"  but  when  counting  all,  there  were  not 
more  than  thirty  people.  Warren  is  situated  so  far  east  in  the 
township  that  people  on  the  west  edge  of  Ilowland  have  l)een 
associated  from  the  beginning  with  Warren  people.  In  1799 
,Tohn  H.   Adgate  settled  in  the  southwest  corner  of  Howland 


78  IIISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

township,  and  from  that  day  to  this  some  of  his  descendants 
have  lived  in  that  ueighl)orhood.  His  grandson  John  is  asso- 
ciated with  his  son  Frank  in  the  greenhouse  business.  The 
early  Adgates  had  large  families  and  these  descendants  married 
into  old  families,  so  that  there  have  been  at  times  over  fifty 
people  living  in  Trumbull  County  who  were  connected  with  the 
early  Adgate  family. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  Jones  bought  land  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river  where  some  of  the  Dallys  lived  for  many  years. 
Here  was  born  the  first  child  in  the  township,  possibly  in  the 
county.  Her  name  was  Hannah,  and  her  grandmother  was  Mrs. 
Henry  Lane,  who  was  a  widow  when  Mr.  Lane  married  her. 
Some  writers  say  that  a  son  of  Mr.  Jones  was  the  first  white 
child  born  in  this  territory,  but  this  is  an  error.  Hannah  mar- 
ried William  Dutchin  and  died  early,  1820. 

In  the  springtime  of  1800  came  Henry  Lane  Sr.,  his  wife, 
and  their  children,  John,  Benjamin,  Asa,  Catharine,  Annie,  and 
Henry  Jr.,  who  was  one  of  the  older  of  the  children  and  who 
was  married.  At  this  time  came  also  Charles  Dally,  Jennie,  his 
wife,  and  several  children;  Isaac  Dally,  Effie,  his  wife,  and  sev- 
eral children;  John  Dally,  wife  and  child;  Meshack  Case,  Mag- 
dalen, his  wife,  Elizabeth;  Leonard,  Catherine,  Mary,  Sarah. 

Henry  Lane  was  a  remarkable  man  for  his  time.  He  had 
the  respect  of  his  associates,  was  elected  to  the  legislature,  and 
materially  aided  in  the  development  of  "Warren.  He  was 
a  man  of  remarkable  physical  strength.  It  was  said 
he  could  whip  any  man  in  the  county,  and  that  whenever 
anybody  got  a  little  too  full  of  whiskey  and  offered  to 
"clean  out"  the  crowd,  he  always  excluded  Henry  Lane. 
He  was  present  at  the  Salt  Springs  tragedy  but  took  no 
part  in  it.  Un  several  occasions  when  the  Indians  were  dis- 
turl)ing-,  he  was  in  the  party  resenting  the  attack.  At  one  time 
he  had  been  after  the  Indians  and  learning  that  they  were  in 
a  very  bad  mood,  he  returned  to  his  house  (which  was  nearer 
to  the  Salt  Spring  trail  than  those  of  some  other  settlers)  to 
look  after  his  family.  Gathering  them  together  the  wife  remem- 
bered that  one  of  the  children  had  been  in  the  garden.  She 
therefore  ran,  found  her  asleep,  picked  her  up,  and  they  all  pro- 
ceeded. A  little  way  from  the  house  was  a  cornfield,  and  here 
the  family  hid,  and  when  they  came  to  realize  it  one  of  the  little 
girls  was  missing.  The  mother  felt  sure  that  she  too  was  in  the 
garden,  so  the  father  left  the  family  in  the  field  and  went  back 


HISTORY  OF  TIUMIU'IJ.  COTXTY  79 

for  the  little  giil.  Sure  enough  she  had  been  sleeping  in  the 
garden,  but  the  Indians,  as  soon  as  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lane  were  out 
of  reaeh,  had  scalped  her.  It  does  not  seem  possible  to  us  of 
today,  as  we  drive  on  the  old  state  road  over  the  shallow  .Mahon- 
ing, that  the  time  ever  was  when  a  gentle  little  girl,  in  la-r 
father's  garden  on  the  Itank  of  that  river,  could  have  lost  her 
life  at  the  hands  of  a  red  man  with  his  tomahawk.  ]\[r.  Lane 
had  to  leave  the  body  lying  there  in  order  to  protect  his  family 
and,  huddling  them  together,  he  bid  them  march  to  the  fort 
(just  where  this  was  the  writer  does  not  know  nor  do  the  mem- 
bers of  the  family  who  tell  this  tale)  l)etween  two  and  three 
miles  distant  while  he.  Avith  his  gun  in  Jiand.  walked  backwards 
in  order  to  keep  his  fyc  on  the  enemy  which  was  following. 
However,  no  harm  came  to  the  rest  of  the  party. 

Of  Henry  Lane's  children.  Henry  was  connected  with  the 
early  business  life  of  Warren.  Facts  in  regard  to  him  will  be 
found  in  the  chapter  on  old  homes. 

Asa  returned  to  Pennsylvania  in  182U  and  died  there. 

Catharine  married  John  Tait  of  Lordstown;  Annie  mar- 
ried Samuel  Phillips  of  AiTstintown.  John  married  Mary  Cald- 
well of  Mansfield,  jiving  there  a  short  time  and  coming  back  to 
Weathersfield  where  he  engaged  in  farming.  He  spent  the  last 
days  in  Warren. 

Benjamin,  Avho  came  on  horseback  l)earing  the  apple  trees, 
was  not  married  until  he  was  tifty-six.  that  is,  in  18-H.  His  wife 
was  Hannah  Cook,  an  English  woman.  They  had  three  children, 
Henry  J.,  who  lived  on  the  old  farm,  was  always  interested  in 
family  traditions  and  now  lives  in  Kansas ;  Benjamin  F.,  who 
married  Mary  Ackley  of  Bloomfield  and  has  three  daughters 
and  a  son;  and  Lina,  who  married  Samuel  Greiner  and  resides 
on  Thorn  street,  this  city.  She  has  no  children.  Mrs.  Lane  died 
when  Lina  was  a  baby  and  Miss  Tait,  of  Lordstown,  gave  her 
a  mother's  attention  and  a  mother's  love. 

]\Ir.  Lane  built  an  addition  to  the  Young  cabin.  This  was 
standing  within  the  remembrance  of  jieople  born  as  late  as  1850. 

As  the  family  of  Meshack  Case  preserve  their  records, 
writers  of  the  history  of  Trumbull  County,  from  the  beginning, 
have  lieen  able  to  quote  from  the  mauuscrii^t  of  Leonard  Case 
as  follows : 

"The  usual  incidents  attended  the  trip  until  crossing 
the  south  line  of  the  Eeserve,  at  41st  north  latitude.    From 


so  HISTOHY  OF  TltUMBlLL  COUXTY 

there  to  Yellow  Creek,  in  Poland,  was  a  very  muddy  road, 
called  the  sv.amp.  At  Poland  the  settlement  had  been  begun. 
Judge  Turhand  Kirtland  and  family  were  living  on  the 
east  side,  and  Jonathan  Fowler  and  his  wife,  who  was  a 
sister  of  the  judge,  kept  tavern  on  the  west  side.  Thence 
our  way  was  through  the  woods  to  the  dwelling  of  a  family 
named  Stevens,  who  had  been  there  three  years  or  more. 
At  their  house  we  stayed  over  night.  The  wife's  name  was 
Hannah,  and  with  her  our  family  had  been  previously  ac- 
(piainted.  She  said  that  during  those  two  years  she  had  not 
seen  the  face  of  a  white  woman.  Two  children  had  been 
born  in  this  family  at  the  crossing  of  the  river  near 
Youugstown,  before  Ai^ril,  1800.  Next  morning  we  passed 
up  the  west  side  of  the  river  (for  want  of  means  to  cross  it) 
to  the  place  where  James  Hillman,  who  lived  on  the  high 
ground  over  against  Youngstown ;  thence  through  the  woods 
over  the  road  made  by  the  Connecticut  Land  Company,  to 
the  Salt  Springs.  At  that  place  some  settlers,  Joseph  Mc- 
Mahon  among  the  rest,  were  engaged  in  making  salt.  From 
there  we  passed  (through  woods)  to  the  cabin  and  clearing 
which  Benjamin  Davison  had  made  on  the  north  one-half 
of  Lot  42 ;  then  on,  one  cjuarter  of  a  mile,  to  a  path  that 
turned  east  to  the  Fusselman  place,  on  the  south  one-half 
of  Lot  35,  and  thence  to  the  residence  of  Richard  Storer. 
arriving  there  at  -t  :00  \).  m.  on  the  14tli  of  April.  After  our 
])assage  through  the  woods  and  mud,  the  leeks  on  the  Indian 
field  made  a  most  beautiful  appearance." 

The  Case  family  was  of  Holland  extraction,  mixed  with 
Irish  blood.  Of  the  family,  Elizabeth  married  James  Ellis, 
removed  to  Kentucky  and  when  a  widow  returned  here,  where 
she  passed  the  rest  of  her  days.  Catherine  married  Daniel  Kerr 
of  Painesville,  where  they  were  identiiied  with  the  early  history 
of  that  town.  ]\fary  married  Benjamin  Stevens,  spent  her  whole 
life  in  Warren,  was  a  teacher,  a  musician,  an  excellent  mother 
and  citizen.  Sarah  married  Cyrus  Bosworth  and  spent  all  her 
life  in  AYarrcn  near  the  spot  which  her  father  chose  for  the 
family  home.  Jane  died  in  childhood;  Zophar  resided  in  Cleve- 
land; Leonard  was  the  best  known  of  the  family,  probably  be- 
cause of  a  misfortune  which  overtook  him  shortly  after  he  came 
to  Trumbull  County.  It  was  indeed  a  misfortime,  because 
a1  that  time  it  was  a  great  thing  for  men  to  be  able  to  perform 


(The    original    is    tlie    property    ot    Mr.    Otting.) 


FROM    A    SKETCH    OF    MARKET    STREET   AFTER    THE    FIRE 

WHICH    DESTROYED   THE    CORNER    OF   PARK   AND 

MARKET. 

The  "banking  house"  was  that  of  Freeman  and  Hunt. 


HISTOrxY  or  TRUMBULL  COU^■TY  SI 

hard  physical  labor.  Leonard  Case  was  lame  aud  soon  made 
up  hi«  mind  that  if  he  was  going  to  take  a  place  in  the  world 
he  would  have  to  make  unusual  effort.  He  became  a  clerk  in 
the  land  office,  was  associated  with  General  Simon  Perkins  as 
clerk,  read  and  studied  constantly,  prepared  himself  for  survey- 
ing. The  work  which  he  did  was  so  exact  that  John  S.  Edwards, 
the  first  county  recorder,  induced  him  to  study  law.  This  he 
did  in  addition  to  his  I'egular  work.  He  soon  acquired  a  great 
deal  of  knowledge  concerning  the  Connecticut  Land  Company, 
the  Western  Reserve,  aud  when  he  became  collector  of  taxes  of 
non-residents  he  added  to  his  knowledge.  In  181G  when  the 
Conmiercial  Bank  of  Lake  Erie  was  formed,  Mr.  Case  was 
elected  cashier.  James  Kingsbury,  of  whom  we  read  in  the 
first  chapters  of  this  history,  recommended  ^Ir.  Case  to  this 
position  because  he  wrote  a  good  hand  and  was  a  good  account- 
ant. Cleveland  was  then  a  small  town  and  this  did  not  occupy 
all  his  attention.  He  never  was  a  trial  lawyer,  but  he  used  his 
knowledge  in  adjusting  business  differences,  particularly  as  to 
land,  was  frugal,  and  liought  land  so  that  at  his  death  he  was 
one  of  the  rich  men  of  Cleveland.  He  was  at  one  time  mayor 
of  Cleveland,  aud  later  an  alderman.  In  1820  the  bank  failed, 
but  was  afterwards  reorganized  and  Leonard  Case  was  its  presi- 
dent. Among  the  first  frame  warehouses  tliat  were  put  up  on 
the  river  front  was  one  erected  l)y  Mr.  Case.  He  had  two  sons, 
William,  who  was  a  student  and  somewhat  of  a  rechise.  and 
who  died  without  marrying,  and  Leonard  Jr.,  who  iuherited  the 
property  of  his  father  and  displayed  such  business  qualities  as 
to  add  largely  to  it.  He  was  a  genial  man,  popular  with  a  few 
friends  and  left  a  large  amount  of  money  to  his  relatives,  besides 
endowing  the  Case  School  of  Applied  Sciences,  Case  Library, 
and  contributing  generously  to  philanthropic  work  in  Cleveland. 
He  never  lived  in  Warren  and  is  therefore  not  identified  with 
Trumbull  County  history  except  through  family  connections. 

In  the  spring  of  1800  Benjamin  Davison,  with  his  wife 
Annie,  and  a  large  family,  settled  in  Warren.  The  names  of 
these  children  were  George  Liberty,  Mary,  Prudence,  Ann.  Sam- 
uel, AYilliam,  Walter,  James,  Betsey,  Benjamin.  Mary,  the 
eldest  daughter,  married  Samuel  Chesney  aud  they  liave  three 
grandchildren  and  two  great-graudchildren  now  living  in 
Warren. 

About  the  same  time  John  Leavitt.  Avith  his  family  settled 
in  Warren,  building  a  house  on  the  west  side  of  Main  street. 


S-2  HISTOKY  OF  TRU-AIBULL  CUUXTY 

■wliioh  afterwards  was  a  tavern.  One  of  his  daughters  Ijeeaiue 
Mrs.  Robert  Irwiu,  an  early  Warren  merchant,  and  another  mar- 
ried Wlieeler  Lewis.  Humphrey,  afterwards  a  lawyer,  located 
in  Steubeuville,  and  later  became  United  States  district  judge. 
Albert,  the  youngest,  lived  in  Warren,  while  John,  the  second 
son,  in  1805,  bought  a  farm  about  the  center  of  Warren  town- 
ship. He  was  known  as  "squire  John,"  and  was  one  of  the 
early  county  treasurers.  He  died  in  1815.  Samuel  Leavitt, 
who  was  the  second  of  his  generation  to  settle  in  Warren,  came 
here  to  investigate  in  1800,  and  purchased  land  near  the  farm 
of  his  nephew,  John,  Jr.  Two  years  later  Samuel  In-ought 
his  wife,  who  had  been  a  widow,  Abigail  Kent  Austin.  The 
Leavitt  family,  the  Austin  family,  the  Parsons  family  and  the 
Freeman  family  were  connected  through  this  marriage.  ]\[r. 
and  Mrs.  Samuel  Leavitt  had  one  child,  Lynda,  who  married 
Judge  Francis  Freeman.  Their  son,  Samuel,  who  was  long-  a 
banker  and  business  man  in  Warren,  took  his  second  name, 
Leavitt,  from  his  mother.  The  wife  of  Samuel  Leavitt  died  in 
1817,  and  he  married  Margaret  Kibbee  Parsons,  the  widowed 
mother  of  George  Parsons  Sr.  Samuel  Leavitt  died  in  1830, 
his  first  wife  in  1816,  and  his  second  wife  in  1861. 

On  the  Leavitt  farm  was  the  first  race  track  in  Truml)ull 
County.  It  was  on  the  south  side  of  the  road  opposite  the  pres- 
ent home  of  Nellie  Austin  Pendleton.  The  grandstand  stood  at 
the  head  of  the  Lovers  Lane  road  and  the  judges  could  see 
down  that  lane  for  a  long  way.  A  great  deal  of  rare  sport  was 
had  on  this  course,  Messrs.  Llarmon,  Leavitt  and  Collins  being 
the  most  interested.  The  building  of  the  canal  spoiled  this 
course.  The  judge's  stand  was  left  standing,  and  decaying 
dropped  to  pieces  little  by  little.  Many  of  the  residents  of 
Warren  rememlier  the  lower  part  of  this  building  in  its  last 
stages,  not  knowing  what  it  was.  Later,  race  tracks  were  located 
in  other  parts  of  the  county,  but  the  races  were  for  trotting 
horses,  and  not  for  running.  These  tracks  were  a  good  way 
from  town,  and  after  a  while  the  I'acing  was  done  on  Mahoning 
avenue.  The  horses  started  at  a  jjoint  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  old  toll  gate  and  stoi)ped  about  where  the  city  hall  now 
stands.  This  was  a  mile  accurately  measured.  Because  of  the 
l)end  in  Mahoning  ^Vvenue  in  front  of  the  present  Fitch  pi'operty 
it  was  necessary  to  station  a  man  there  so  that  the  time  keeper 
at  the  lower  end  could  know  when  the  start  was  made.  When, 
therefore,  the  flag  was  dro|)ped  at  the  start,  the  man  at  the  bend 


diopped  a  Hag  also,  and  the  timer  at  tin-  rity  hall  tliiis  knew  the 
race  was  on.  The  first  horse  making  a  mile  in  three  miimti'^  was 
one  owned  by  Mi-.  Cdllins.  and  the  race  took  ]ilaee  on  tlii-  trark. 
Tlie  enlistment  of  the  \oi.in;  men  in  the  army  of  tSC.O  piit  .-in  end 
to  these  sports.  After  a  time  the  Aiiiiiailtnral  Socidy  h.-id  a 
track  iu  connection  with  the  fairs. 

Enoch  Leavitt  was  the  third  of  the  Leavitt.s  whc  liniu-lit 
his  famil>-  to  Ohio,  and  he  settle(l  in  Li'avittshui-g.  lie  was 
hiiried  there  iu  1815,  and  Enoch  Leax'itt  dr.  was  a  s^ll^tantial 
citizen  of  Trmnbnll  Connty.  lie  aeemnnlated  ahout  a  thou- 
sand acres  of  land  in  Warren  township,  lie  had  six  childi'eii 
and  died  when  only   lift>-two  years  old. 

In  order  to  keep  the  information  in  reiiard  to  theM'  early 
families  clear,  we  mention  here  Henajah  Anstin,  who  was  the 
sou  of  .Vl)igail  Kent  Austin  iiefore  liei'  marriage  "t<i  Sanuiel 
Leavitt,  and  a  half  hrother  to  Mrs.  .Indge  Francis  Freeman. 
He  married  Olive  Harmon,  and  after  living  in  the  neiiihliorhodd 
of  Leavitt-^lmrg  he  mo\'ed  into  the  house  now  occupied  hy  .M  i->. 
Nellie  Anstin  Pendleton.  r>enajali  Austin  was  identified 
witli  nmcli  of  the  earl>-  history  of  Truml)nll  County. 
Twelve  years  he  was  commissioner.  He  was  deputy  sheriff 
one  year,  and  sheriff  two  years.  He  had  six  children. 
Hiram,  who  died  at  ('harden,  .lulius,  who  lived  iu  I'.race- 
ville.  Faios.  who  lived  at  ^'ouu^stown,  Amelia,  who  mar- 
ried S.  .\.  Fotter.  I'x'ua.Jah,  and  iraruum.  I'.eua.iah  was 
one  of  the  early  doctor,-,  hut  practicecj  (udy  a  little  time  hecause 
of  ill  health.  Harmon  was  the  must  widelx^  known  of  all  the 
family,  lie  wa^  horn  at  the  old  liomotead  in  1^17.  Ii\-ed  there 
until  lS7n.  moved  to  Warren,  where  he  died  a  few  year~  ano. 
He  married  .Miner\'a  Sackett  (January  il.  1S42).  lie  was  intei-- 
e.-ite<l  iu  politics,  in  the  welfare  oi'  the  comnuniit>'.  a  leader  iu 
the  Disciple  church,  a  ]irosperous  husiness  man.  and  proliahl>- 
at  his  home  liave  been  entertained  more  public  \isit(Us  than  al 
any  house  iu  town  save  the  Kinsman  homestead.  .Mrs.  Austin 
Avas  a  beautiful  character.  She  had  the  love  aud  re>pect  of 
evei'>'one  who  knew  hei-.  Her  children  and  intimate  fiieuds 
adored  her.  She  was  courageous,  conscientious,  and  capahh'. 
She  had  three  children,  Nellie,  Harmou,  aud  Mary.  The  two 
younger  live  iu  Cleveland,  aud  Nellie,  Avith  her  husbaml.  A\'.  C. 
Pendleton,  her  sou  Austin  with  his  wife  and  children,  now  occupy 
the  house  built  by  Benajah  and  lately  remodeled. 

Phiueas  Letifingwell  and   his  familv,  who  came  to   Warren 


S4  HISTOIJY  OF  TJIUMBULL  COUXTY 

in  18(1(1.  were  identified  with  the  early  history.    There  are,  how- 
ever, none  of  his  descendants  here  at  this  writing. 

The  taxjiayers  of  Warren  for  the  year  1804:  were: 

Jolni  Adgate ^leunaga,  Calvin  Austin,  Samuel 

Burnett,  Cornelius  Barker,  Jesse  Powell,  Joshua  Brown, 
Steven  Baldwin,  Noah  Broekway,  "William  Crooks,  Robert 
Caldwell,  Jonathan  Crurch,  Meshack  Case,  William  Haniday, 
Toiiher  Carnes,  Charles  Dailey,  James  Deimscumb,  Isaac 
Dailey.  Samuel  Donalds,  Nathan  Dunn,  Benjamin  Davis, 
Jacob  Earle,  John  Ewalt,  Jessie  Ellis,  John  Earle,  William 
Fenton,  Robert  Freeman,  James  Grimes,  William  Gal- 
breath,  William  Hand,  Henry  Harsh,  Reuben  Harmon, 
Ezekial  Hover,  James  Eaton,  Jesse  Holiday,  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson, John  Kinney,  George  Loveless,  Asa  Lane,  Henry 
Lane  Sr.,  Henry  Lane,  Samuel  Leavitt,  Enoch  Leavitt  Sr., 
John  Leavitt,  Esq.,  Phencia  Leffingwell,  Asehel  Mills, 
Delaun  Mills,  Isaac  Mills,  William  Morman,  William  Mc- 
Williams,  George  McGat,  William  Netterfield,  Joshua  Ott, 
George  Plielphs,  Samuel  Pew,  Thomas  Pricer,  Ephraim 
and  Samuel  Quiuby,  Joshua  Quigley,  John  Reeves,  James 
Stanford,  B.  Stowe,  Nathaniel  Stanley,  William  Vance, 
James  Ward,  Mr,  Wetherby,  Benjamin  Williams.  L^rial 
Williams,  James  Wilson,  Francis  Windall,  Simon  Perkins, 
John  S.  Edwards,  David  Robertson,  Robert  Irwin,  Thomas 
Ross,  Henry  Wright,  Samuel  Cliesney,  James  Scott,  Francis 
Carlton,  Walter  Brewster,  Ebenezer  Sheldon.  Eiahraim 
Quinby's  tax  was  the  heaviest,  $7.40;  Walter  Brewster's  the 
lightest,  7  cents. 

From  the  time  the  first  tract  of  land  was  l)ought  l>y  Parsons 
to  1800,  a  most  unusual  condition  had  existed  in  Old  Trumbull 
County.  In  the  beginning  it  belonged  to  Connecticut  and  Con- 
necticut had  jurisdiction  over  it.  After  a  time  Connecticut  sold 
it  to  a  com]ia)iy,  but  naturally  as  that  company  was  not  a  govern- 
ment, it  conld  not  transfer  its  legal  jurisdiction.  The  United 
States  was  asked  to  assume  this  jurisdiction,  but  it  refused  for 
ol)vious  reasons.  So,  for  nearly  five  years  the  people  of  Old 
Trunil)ull  County  were  without  law,  or  law-makers.  This  fact 
was  not  so  strange  as  was  the  fact  that  the  settlers  proceedecT 
in  exactly  the  same  way  they  would  have  done  had  they  had 
law.     They  bdught  land,  made  contracts,  got  married,  and  col- 


IIISTOKY   OF  TUr.MBULL  COUXTY  85 

lected  mouies  due  them,  -nitliout  an\-  sort  of  otfiL-er  to  autliorize 
the  proceedings.  Unee  a  tax  collector  came  into  this  region,  Init 
he  was  laughed  at  and  advised  to  leave,  which  he  gladly  did. 
The  governor  of  the  state  had  erected  several  counties  including 
portions  of  the  Western  Keserve,  but  he  was  not  considered  to 
have  authority  in  the  matter.  So  much  irregularity  and  uncer- 
tainty had  there  been  that  finally,  in  April,  180U,  the  United 
States  released  all  its  claim  to  the  laud  of  the  Western  Keserve, 
provided  Connecticut  would  release  all  her  claim  of  jurisdiction. 
The  matter  was  finally  settled  on  the  30th  of  May,  IHOO.  The 
niceties  of  the  law  question  contained  in  this  early  history  are 
apparent,  and  all  lovers  of  law  would  do  well  to  examine  them. 
It  is  a  temptation  to  note  them  here. 

On  July  10,  1800,  the  whole  tract  of  the  Western  Reserve 
was  erected  into  a  county,  named  Triunbnll  for  the  governor  of 
Connecticut.  The  Trumbull  family  was  a  noted  one.  Jonathan 
Trumbull  was  governor  of  Connecticut  for  fourteen  years,  Ijegin- 
ning  1769.  It  was  from  him  that  the  term  "brother  Jonathan" 
was  received.  Benjamin  Trumbull  was  a  minister  of  reputation 
and  published  a  History  of  Connecticut  which  was  not  onlv  valu- 
able as  to  facts,  but  to  style  as  well;  John  Trumbull  was  a  poet, 
while  another  John  Trumbull  was  a  painter  of  good  repute,  liis 
most  important  works  being  those  in  the  rotunda  of  the  capitol 
at  Washington.  It  was  the  Itrother  of  this  painter,  (niv.  .Jona- 
than Trumbull  Jr.,  for  wIkhu  the  citizens  of  Xew  Connecticut 
named  the  county. 

At  the  time  of  the  erection  of  Trumbull  County.  Judge 
Samuel  H.  Parsons,  Judge  James  M.  Varnum,  and  Judge  John 
Cleves  SATumes  were  the  judges,  and  these  men,  together  with 
the  governor,  St.  Clair,  and  the  secretary,  Winthrop  Sargent, 
decided  upon  Warren  as  the  county  seat,  and  the  governor  ap- 
pointed the  necessary  officials.  The  selection  of  Warren  was  not 
made  for  any  other  reason  than  those  which  prevail  in  like  selec- 
tions today,  namely,  that  more  men  of  influence  lived  in  Warren 
tlian  in  Youngstown.  Judge  Young,  to  be  sure,  was  a  stroug 
character,  but  in  things  so  large  as  great  politics  lie  stood  alone. 
John  lieavitt,  Ebenezer  King,  Judge  Calvin  Pease,  and  some 
otliers,  who  had  land  interests  in  the  vicinity  of  Warren,  were 
not  only  men  of  strength,  but  they  came  from  Snffield,  Connecti- 
cut, the  home  of  Hon.  Gideon  Granger,  then  postmaster  general 
of  the  LTnited  States.  The  same  soi't  of  strings  were  ]nilled  in 
those  days  as  now,  and  because  of  the  help  of  Gideon  Granger 


S6  HJSTOKY  OF  TRU.ArBULL  COUNTY 

at  this  time  and  because  of  his  family  relation  (he  was  a  brother- 
in-law  of  Calvin  Pease),  the  people  of  Trumbull  county,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Warren,  have  always  thankfully  remembered  him. 
There  were  no  telegraphs,  no  regular  mails,  and  Triunbnll 
County  had  been  esta])lished  some  days  before  the  people  knew 
the  fact,  or  AVai'ren  ]ieo]ile  knew  that  they  were  living  at  the 
count)'  seat. 

John  Stark  Edwards,  the  tirst  recorder  of  Trumbull,  was 
one  of  the  most  brilliant  men  of  that  day.  A  sketch  of  hi.s  life 
is  given  in  Bench  and  Bar,  since  he  was  among-  the  most  success- 
ful if  not  the  most  successful  of  the  early  attorneys.  The  fol- 
lowing refers  to  his  domestic  life  and  is  given  here,  since  the 
facts  narrated  occurred  at  this  time. 

There  has  come  into  the  possession  of  the  writer  a  little 
book  printed  for  ]n-ivate  distribution  only — "A  Sketch  of  the 
Life  of  Louisa  ]\Iaria  Montgomery,"  by  her  granddaughter, 
Louisa  Maria  Edwards.  It  contains  letters  from  the  family  of 
John  S.  Edwards,  some  of  his  own  letters,  letters  of  his  wife 
and  her  family,  and  is  one  of  the  most  entertaining  and  interest- 
ing volumes  we  have  ever  read.  Mrs.  Edwards  spent  a  lifetime 
and  a  long  one  at  that  in  the  Mahoning  Valley,  was  a  woman 
of  very  strong  character,  and  her  association  with  ]\[rs.  Perkins, 
Mrs.  Tod,  ]\Irs.  Kinsman  and  other  valiant  pioneers  showed  how 
well  she  Avas  thought  of  in  the  community.  It  seems  after  John 
Stark  Edwards  had  spent  the  summer  in  Mesopotamia,  cutting 
down  a  few  trees  "to  let  the  sun  in,"  he  returned  to  Connecticut 
for  the  winter.  In  1800,  as  Ave  have  seen,  he  was  coimnissioned 
recorder  of  Trmubull  County,  holding  the  office  until  1830. 

On  June  1,  1801,  "Avhile  Avritiug  this  I  am  seated  in  a 
log  house  on  an  old  bench  and  beside  of  a  white  oak  table, 
all.  fortunately,  clean.  *  *  *  j  foimd  my  settlement  in 
a  prosperous  condition.  Another  year  it  will  be  able  to  sup- 
]iort  itself." 

August,  1801.  "[My  settlement  is  doing  finely.  We  have 
this  day  had  a  lecture,  delivered  by  a  clergvinan.  There 
were  about  forty  present."  This  is  the  first  record  we 
have  of  a  lecture  on  the  Western  Beserve. 

July  7,  1802,  "I  have  a  large  cross-leg  table  and  chairs 
enough  for  all  the  family  to  sit  on  and  one  for  a  stranger 
Avho  chances  to  visit  me.    We  cook,  eat,  and  drink  in  the  same 


H18T0RY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  87 

apartment.  Food  tastes  as  -well,  and  sleep  is  as  sweet,  in  a 
log  as  in  a  frame  house." 

July  1-4,  1803.  "1  was  in  Warren  on  the  4th  of  July 
where  I  attended  a  ball.  You  may  judge  of  my  surprise  at 
meeting-  a  very  considerable  company,  all  of  whom  were  well 
dressed  ■\\'ith  neatness  and  in  fashion,  some  of  them  ele- 
gantly. The  ladies  generally  dressed  well;  some  of  then^ 
would  have  Iieen  admired  for  their  ease  and  grace  in  a  New 
Haven  ball  room.  It  was  held  on  the  same  spot  of  ground 
where  four  years  since  there  was  scarcely  a  trace  of  human 
hand,  or  anything  within  fifteen  miles  of  it.  We  improved 
well  the  occasion;  began  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  on 
Monday  and  left  the  room  a  little  before  sunrise  on  Tues- 
day morning.    We  dance  but  seldom,  which  is  our  apology." 

"1  am  heartily  tired  of  living  alone.  I  must  and  am 
determined  T  will  be  married.  Things  are  likely  to  take 
such  a  course  as  will  give  us  a  tolera])le  society  in  this  place, 
where  I  must  eventually  settle  down. ' ' 

"I  am  heartily  tired  of  living  alone  and  am  determined 
to  marry  as  soon  as  I  can  find  a  woman  who  will  have  me 
that  will  answer."  Editor's  Note. — Mr.  Edwards  seemed 
to  be  an  exception  to  the  men  of  his  time,  and  in  fact  to 
some  men  of  tliis  time,  since  they  are  more  apt  to  say,  "I 
am  heartily  tired  of  living  alone  and  am  detennined  to 
marry  as  soon  as  I  can  find  a  woman  that  suits  me." 

His  brother  in  writing  to  him  in  1802  says,  "The  resolu- 
tion wluch  you  liave  entered  into  to  take  a  wife  I  highly  ap- 
]:>rove.  but  I  fear  yoii  Avill  find  it  difficult  to  suit  yourself.  I 
cannot  say  that  I  know  a  girl  whom  I  should  seriously  wish 
you  to  connect  yourself  with.  There  are  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands of  pretty,  smirk-faced  girls  to  be  found,  but  they  are 
far  from  being  calculated  to  make  you  happy.  Men  of  less 
refined  notions  who  would  not  be  shocked  at  trifling  varia- 
tions from  the  extreme  delicacy  and  high  sense  of  dig-nity 
which  appertain  to  a  fine  woman  of  character  might  rendei' 
themselves  happy  by  such  connection.  But  your  ideas  of 
women  are  such  that  would  lead  you  to  wish  for  a  wife  who 
would  not  only  amuse  or  please  you  but  who  would  make  a 
dignified  and  highly  enchanting  companion." 

This  portion  of  the  letter  is  rpioted  here  to  show  how  stilted 
was  the  style  of  letter-writing  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago, 


SS  HISTOHY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

as  well  as  bow  useless  is  the  advice  of  brother  or  family  in  love 
affairs.  It  seems  tbis  same  brotber  was  looking  for  someone 
suitable  for  a  wife  in  tbis  wilderness,  and  bis  descriptions  of 
the  different  women  be  analyzes  are  very  amusing.  From  the 
letters  we  judge  that  the  family  at  home  were  really  wishing  to 
find  just  the  proper  person  for  their  brotber,  and  there  are  long 
descriptions  of  the  young  women  of  that  vicinity,  most  of  them 
spoken  of  in  the  highest  terms,  but  John  Stark  seems  to  stay  in 
his  Mesopotamia  home.  Finally,  in  desperation,  his  sister  Hen- 
rietta writes,  "I  advise  you,  my  dear  bi'otber,  to  get  you  a  wife 
where  you  are,  for  there  is  hardly  anybody  left  here  worth 
having."  Again  the  family  advice  was  not  good.  Mr.  Edwards 
and  Miss  Morris  were  married  on  the  28tb  of  February,  1807. 
They  went  by  stage  to  Philadelphia,  then  most  of  the  way  on 
horseback.  Tlieir  married  life  was  happily  spent,  and  people 
who  saw  them  as  they  stopped  at  the  "tavern"  of  Jared  Firt- 
land  said  the}'  never  saw  a  handsomer  couple.  When  they  came 
to  Warren  they  went  to  live  with  General  and  Mrs.  Perkins  until 
their  own  bouse  was  finished.  Tbis  bouse  is  now  standing,  is 
in  good  condition,  and  answers  the  description  which  Mr.  Ed- 
wards wrote  of  it  at  the  time.  Upon  Mr.  Edwards'  death  it  was 
purchased  by  Mr.  Thomas  D.  Webb.  (See  chapter  on  old  bouses.) 
In  tbis  house  Mr.  Edwards'  three  children  were  born,  one  onh' 
gi  owing  to  manhood,  Mr.  William  Edwards,  the  father  of  Louisa 
^Nlaria  Edwards,  a  student  of  the  early  history  of  this  country', 
lives  in  Youngstown. 

"Reading  matter  was  scarce,  and  for  want  of  lighter 
food,  Mrs.  Edwards  perused  her  husband's  law  library,  not 
a  book  here  and  there,  but  all  it  contained.  She  also  assisted 
her  husband  in  the  Recorder's  Office,  and  it  is  said  the  best 
written  records  of  Trumbull  County  are  by  her  pen." 

Miss  Dwight  visited  Mrs.  Edwards,  probably  in  1810,  and 
married  William  Bell,  then  a  Warren  merchant.  Winston 
Churchill,  the  author,  is  a  great-grandson  of  tbis  couple. 

In  October,  1812,  ^Ir.  Edwards  was  elected  to  represent  this 
district  in  Congress.  The  following  January  he  started  with 
Mr.  George  Parsons  and  Mr.  William  Bell  for  Put-in-Bay. 
whei'e  he  had  business  interests.  They  got  as  far  as  Sandusky 
when  a  thaw  came  on  and  they  bad  to  return  home.  In  fording 
the  streams  Mr.  Edwards  got  wet,  and  became  ver^'  sick.  They 
took  refuge  in  a  cabin,  but  the  water  was  so  high  in  all  direc- 


HISTORY  OF  T1;L"-MBI"I,L  rolXTV  89 

tious  that  it  was  hardly  safe  for  them  to  proceed.  Mr.  Bell  left 
Air.  Edwards  with  Mr.  Parsons  aud  came  into  AVarren,  and  it 
was  thought  best  to  have  Dr.  Seely  go  to  him.  Airs,  i^dwards 
was  greatly  distressed  at  the  news  brought  her,  but  "commend- 
ing her  little  sleeping  ones  to  their  [Maker,  she  set  fortii,  hoping 
to  nurse,  comfort  and  restore  her  husband."  They  left  Warren 
about  eight  o'clock.  The  night  was  dark,  the  floods  had  been 
excessive,  the  traveling  bad,  and  many  places  dangerous.  They, 
however,  proceeded  about  nine  miles.  Setting  out  again  before 
daybreak,  tliey  had  got  al)Out  forty-five  miles  from  Warren 
when  they  met  tlie  sleigh  bearing  the  Ijody  of  Air.  Kdwards.  Air. 
Parsons  alone  was  with  him.  Airs.  Edwards  wrote  her  sister. 
"We  were  then  fourteen  miles  from  a  house,  just  before  sun- 
down, in  a  snow  storm,  and  we  were  oliliged  to  return  that  dis- 
tance to  get  even  the  shelter  of  a  cabin.  For  hours  after  dark 
I  followed  that  coffin.  Aly  dear  sister,  do  >ou  not  wonder  that 
I  live  to  write  you  this?"  Does  not  the  reader  wonder.'  In 
fact,  the  hardest  trials  which  the  early  pioneers  had  were  those 
of  sickness  and  death.  Air.  Edwards  was  buried  in  the  old 
cemetery,  still  existing,  on  Alahoning  avenue.  Almost 
broken-hearted,  Airs.  Edwards  found  consolation  in  her 
i-eligiou  and  in  the  kindness  demonstrated  by  her  friends. 
She  attempted  to  fill  the  place  of  both  father  aud 
mother  to  her  children,  and  expected  to  return  to  New 
England,  as  her  family  wished  hei'  to  do.  The  unsettled 
condition  of  the  country  made  the  settling  of  estates  tedious, 
and  before  she  really  could  get  away,  a  year  and  a  half,  she 
married  Air.  Alontgomery,  and  spent  the  rest  of  her  life  in  the 
neighborhood  of  YoungstoAni.  Aliss  Edwards,  the  granddaugh- 
ter, is  authority  for  the  followiiig,  and  no  man  or  woman  was 
ever  more  truthful  than  is  she.  In  writing  of  her  grandfather's 
death,  she  says:  "He  died  .lanuary  lii),  1813.  His  sisters,  jNIrs. 
Johnson,  whose  home  was  at  Stratford,  Connecticut,  and  Hen- 
rietta Edwards,  who  was  either  at  New  Ilaven  or  Bridgeport, 
both  dreamed  that  their  brother  was  dead,  one  of  them  that  liis 
death  was  caused  by  drowning.  ]Mrs.  Johnson  was  so  frightened 
by  her  dream  that  slu'  waked  her  husband  to  tell  him.  Then 
fell  asleep  and  had  the  same  dream  again.  The  next  word  re- 
ceived from  Ohio  was  of  his  death.  The  dream  of  each  sister,  it 
was  found,  occurred  at  the  time  of  his  death,  though  whethei' 
the  night  before  or  the  night  after  cannot  now  be  rememliered 
with  certainty." 


CHAPTEK  XU. 


First  Court  House. — Ukiginal  Subsckiption  List  for  Same. — 

Brick  Pond. — Second  Court  House. — Sale  of  First 

Court    House. — Court    Crier. — First    Jail    is 

Warren. — Second  Jail. — Debtors'  Room. 

— Third  Jail. — Fourth   J.ul. — 

Coi^NTY  Seat  War. 

The  facts  in  regard  to  the  tirst  court  aud  couuty  otficers  are 
given  in  the  chapter  on  Bench  and  Bar.  The  first  court  of 
quarter  sessions  was  lield  between  two  corn  cribs  near  the 
(LUiinby  2)lace  (site  of  Erie  depot).  James  Scott  built  a  log 
house  which  stood  on  tlie  corner  of  Malioning  avenue  and  High 
street,  and  wlien  finished,  in  1805,  it  Avas  used  as  a  court  house. 
Later,  court  was  held  in  the  third  Hoor  of  a  house  built  by  Will- 
iam W.  Cotgreave.  and  famiJiai-ly  kun-wn  at  that  time  as  "Castle 
William. ' ' 

We  are  fortunate  in  l)eiug  able  to  publish  for  the  first  time 
the  subscription  list  to  the  first  court  house  built  in  TinunbuU 
County.  The  original  paper  is  yellow  and  in  some  places  not 
([uite  legible.  The  OAvner  prizes  it  highly  and  has  it  between 
two  pieces  of  glass  boiuid  Avitli  .cloth  so  that  bntli  sides  can  be 
seen.    It  is  as  follows : 

We.  the  subscribers,  do  each  one  severally  for  himself 
promise  to  pay  to  Bicliard  Hayes,  Eli  Baldwin  and  William 
McCombs.  commissioners  of  tlie  County  of  Trumbull,  aud 
their  successors  in  said  office,  or  to  their  order,  the  sums 
respectively  annexed  to  our  names  to  be  appropriated  to  the 
erection  oi'  a  court  house  in  Warren  for  the  use  of  the 
County  of  Trnmliull,  to  be  paid  one-third  when  the  founda- 
tion of  the  building  is  laid,  one-third  when  the  walls  are  up, 
and  the  remainiug  third  wlien  the  building  is  completed, 
provided  the  walls  of  said  court  house  shall  be  of  brick. 

AVarren,  August  25.  3809. 


irisToHY  OF  'j'i;r.Mi;uj.L  county 


91 


Enoch  Leavitt  Jr.  [  ?J  .$5.00 

Pliiueha   LefHng-Avell  5.00 

Ezekal  Hawn  \t]...  20.00 

William   Anderson  .  10.00 

Sanuu4    Leavitt..  .  .  10.00 

(Mntilated)    5.00 

Seynionr  .Vnstin  .  .  .  26.00 

James  Heed 5.00 

James   ( )rr 5.00 

Adamson    Bent  ley.  .  I'li.OO 

*Samnel   Pew 5.00 

■*Wm.   Woodrow 6.00 

Thos.  Costley 5.00 

Leonard  C'rouinger.  4.00 

Abram  Lane,  Jr ....  3.00 

Asa  Lane .'i.OO 

John  l)rai)er 6.<J0 

]5.00 

Isaac  Baldwin  [.']  .  .  .  3.00 

Christ()])her    Cook.  .  2.0(1 
John   S.    Kidwards  tV' 
('ai\'in   Pease  for 

*  Simon  Perkins.  .  .  200.00 
Thomas  A.  Tyler  [?]   20(10 

.Vhrahani   Lever.  .  .  .  5.00 

James    F. 2.00 

Thomas    

Jeremiah  Brooks  ))y 

Z.  Weatherbee '.  60.00 

B.  P.  Harmon 5.00 

William    :\rorrow.  .  .  20.00 

*Ben.i  'n   Lane 25.00 

*.Tohn     Ewalt 5.00 

and  one  bai'i'el  of  ])ork 

*(~)liver  Brooks 10.00 

W.   Bell    (paid)....  27.00 


'James    Heaton 

two  hnndi-ed  lbs.  of  Iron 
Noah  Broekway.  .  .  .  18.00 
Ebenezer  Benedict  .        5.00 

*E.   Quinby $200.00 

Zebina  Weatherbee.    100.00 

■('alvin    Pease 100.00 

'(Jeorge  Parsons....      50,00 
William    Andrews..      50.00 

*  James    Scott 50.00 

Renben  S.  Clark.  .  .  .     4S.75 
John  Leavitt  &  Son.    1  ()().()( i 

Ashbel  King 40.00 

Wm.  W.  itorrison.  .      20.00 
Alexander  (Irani  [  ?]     5.00 

David  Bell 50.00 

James  (,)nigley 30.00 

John  S.  Edward 100.00 

Elisha  Bnruett 30.00 

Koyal   Pease 100.00 

Lemnel  Reeves 20.00 

}»rark    Westcoat 5.00 

Francis    Freeman..      20.00 

TIenry   Lane 30.00 

Samuel    Bacon 30.00 

Isaac  Fithian   [?|  .  .  .    50.00 
William    JTall......      12.00 

Charles  Dailey 20.00 

Jose])h  Reeves 10.00 

*Sam'l  Chesney 10.00 

5.00 
5.00 
10.00 
5.00 
5.00 


James   Harsli.  . .  , 

Moses  Carl 

*Leonard  Case.  .  . 
Robert   Freeman. 
Rnliili    Freeman.  . 


AVe,  the  snbscril)ers  do  hereby  assign  over  to  James 
Scott  of  "Warren  in  the  County  of  Trumbull,  the  within 
subscription  and  we  do  hereby  engage  to  and  with  the  said 

'"  Have  (lesc-eTidants  now  liviuo;  in  Trninlwn  County. 


92  HISTORY  OF  TKU.MBULL  COUNTY 

James  Scott  that  on  the  written subscription  and  on  this 

day  assigned  by  us  to  the  said  James,  there  is  nineteen 
liundred  and  ninety-eight  dollars  which  by  law  is  collectible 
according  to  the  tenor  and  effect  of  the  same. 
Warren,  July  6,  1810. 

John   S.  Edwards, 
Sam.  Leavitt, 
Zebina  Weatheebee, 
James    Quigley. 

The  commissioners  set  aside  a  bond  of  $1,000  which 
Ephraim  Quinby  had  given  the  treasurer  of  the  count}'.  This 
was  all  the  county  was  willing  to  contribute  toward  the  erec- 
tion of  its  first  court  house.  The  remainder  was  raised  by  sub- 
scription as  seen  alTove. 

The  bricks  for  this  court  house  were  made  from  clay  pro- 
cured on  the  land  of  .James  Scott,  the  exact  spot  being  where 
the  present  Elm  Street  school  house  stands.  A  large  excavation 
was  here  which  eventually  filled  with  water.  This  was  known 
by  the  children  of  1860  as  "the  brick  pond."  In  winter  it  af- 
forded a  skating  place  for  little  folks  and  such  older  children  as 
were  not  allowed  to  go  onto  the  river. 

Isaac  Ladd,  the  father  of  Irvin  Ladd,  who  now  lives  on 
Mason  street,  was  a  fine  carpenter  and  did  the  Avood-work  for 
this  building.  The  doorway  is  remembered  by  nearly  a  hun- 
dred persons  living  today  in  Trumbull  County.  It  was  a  double 
door,  with  panes  of  glass,  8x9,  in  a  sash  on  either  side,  and 
the  frame  over  the  door  was  part  of  a  circle  with  glass  cut  in 
pieces  of  such  shape  as  to  fill  in,  that  is,  each  pane  was  cut 
smaller  at  the  bottom  and  flared  like  a  fan.  Mr.  Ladd  was  the 
first  man  in  "Warren  to  own  a  diamond  for  glass  cutting. 

Although  the  subscrij^tion  list  was  circulated  in  1809.  as- 
signing to  Scott  in  1810,  the  building  was  not  completed  imtil 
1815.    It  was  a  plain  affair  but  answered  the  purpose. 

By  ]836  this  court  house  was  in  a  somewhat  dilapidated 
condition,  and  now  and  tiien  the  question  of  repairing  or  I'e- 
Iniilding  Avas  brought  up.  The  mere  mention  of  this  improve- 
ment added  ammunition  to  the  county  seat  war,  and  the  new 
court  house  was  not  begun  mitil  1852  and  was  finished  in  1854. 
In  regard  to  this  court  house  we  quote  from  the  county  com- 
missioners' journal,  March  session.  1852: 


HISTOKY  OF  TKT.MiiULL  CUL^'TY  93 

Tlinrsday  Moriiiog-  at  8  o'clock,  March  -itli. 

Board  met  pnrsnant  to  adjournment.  President  E.  V. 
Kellogg,  Thaddens  Bradley  and  Abner  Osborne. 

The  subject  of  erecting  a  new  court  house  and  puljlie 
offices  for  Trumbull  County  was  taken  up  and  discussed  at 
some  length  by  Hon.  Win.  Porter,  and  Dr.  Tracy  Bron- 
sou  of  Newton  against  lion.  John  Crowell,  Hon.  M.  ISut- 
lifC,  Hon.  John  Hntchins,  Hon.  Mathew  Birchai'd,  B.  F. 
Hoffman,  Azor  Aliell,  and  Garry  C.  Eeed,  Escjrs.,  in  favor 
of  the  project  pending  the  question  the  board  adjourns  to 
Friday  morning  at  8  o'clock. 

Friday  ^Morning,  [March  otli,  1852,  at  S  o'clock. 

Board  met  ]iursuant  to  adjournment,  present  same  as 
yesterday. 

The  question,  shall  a  new  court  house  and  public  offices 
be  erected  the  present  season  was  again  taken  up  and  after 
some  discussion  was  decided  in  the  affirmative.  AVhereupon 
the  connnissioners  ordered  the  following  entry  to  be  made, 
to-wit : 

"Be  it  remembered  tliat  the  Commissioners  of  Trum- 
bull County  at  their  stated  session  held  at  Warren  on  the 
lirst  Monday  of  March,  A.  P.  lS,')i',  having  in  accordance 
with  their  previous  notice  on  ])etitiou  an  application  of  the 
citizens  of  said  county,  had  under  consideration  the  sub- 
ject of  building  a  new  court  house  and  public  offices  for  said 
county,  do  find  it  necessary  for  public  convenience  and  for 
the  ]ireservation  of  the  records  of  the  various  offices  of  the 
county,  and  for  the  holding  of  the  courts  of  said  county, 
that  a  new  court  house  and  public  offices  therein  be  built 
and  furnished. 

"And  the  said  commissioners  do  thereupon  at  this  their 
said  March  session  order  that  a  building  for  the  purposes 
aforesaid  be  immediately  erected.  The  l3uilding  to  be  of 
the  size  of  60  by  90  feet  in  dimensions,  to  be  built  of  good 
materials  and  of  permanent  construction,  and  according  to 
specifications  and  plans  hereafter  to  be  determined  upon  by 
our  board. 

"And  for  the  ]mri>ose  of  carrying  out  the  foregoing 
order,  this  board  do  here  further  order  that  Abner  ( )sbonie, 
Esq.,  one  of  our  board,  to  l)e  a  committee  of  one  to  visit 
and  view  such  other  court  houses  of  approved  form  and  con- 


94  UISTOIIY  OF  Tl.TMBrLL  COUXTY 

strut'tion  within  tliis  state,  Avitli  sueli  architect  as  he  may 
see  fit  to  emi)loy  for  tiiat  purpose,  as  he  may  deem  ex- 
jiedient,  niul  to  i)io('ure  such  plans,  specifications  and  in- 
formation as  may  to  him  seem  proi)er  to  present  t(i  onr 
board  at  our  extra  session  to  be  lield  for  the  further  con- 
sideration of  said  subject  on  the  25th  day  of  Marcli  iust." 

And  the  said  board  do  liere  further  order  tliat  for  tlie 
purpose  of  meeting  and  defraying-  the  consequent  expenses 
of  the  foregoing  orders,  tlie  auditor  and  treasurer,  by  cir- 
culars addressed  to  holders  thereof,  immediately  call  in  and 
collect  the  excess  interest  fund  of  said  county,  and  that  the 
same  lie,  and  the  same  is  hereby  subjected  to  the  purpose 
and  object  of  building  said  court  house  and  ]iubli('  otfices. 

Abuer  Osborne  was  allowed  fifty  dollars  to  be  used  in  visit- 
ing court  houses  in  this  vicinity,  with  a  view  of  instructing  the 
architect  in  regard  to  the  plans.  William  Ernst  was  the  archi- 
tect, and  also  superintendent  of  construction.  An  engraving, 
published  in  the  Tnuiscripf  of  June  30,  1854-,  was  made  by  AVill- 
iam  F.  Porter,  the  father  of  Eugene  Porter,  and  a  man  of  fine 
artistic  tenqierament  and  ability.  ~Slv.  Porter  iiainted  some 
vei-y  creditable  iiictures.  but  ill  health  ]irevented  his  following 
his  profession. 

The  stone  for  this  building  was  obtained  at  the  quarries  in 
Coitsville,  Vienna  and  Braceville.  It  cost  .$23,658  when  finished. 
The  cost  of  the  same  building  to(Uiy  would  be  four  or  five  times 
that  much. 

Eichards  tV'  iiOgau,  of  i'olaiid,  wert'  the  contractors.  They 
disagreed  during  tiie  construction  and  a  case  was  begun  in  the 
^Nfahoning  courts.  .Ml  the  ])a])ers  belonging  to  the  construction 
of  this  cdurt  house  were  taken  to  Youngstown  to  be  used  in  the 
trial.  The  case,  howe\er,  was  settled  out  of  court,  the  papers 
were  not  returned  to  this  county,  and  are  now  in  the  court  house 
in  Youngstown.  filed  somewhere.  A  search  has  lieen  made  for 
them  for  this  history,  hut  tliey  were  not  found. 

The  first  court  house  (that  built  in  1815)  was  sold  to  Isaac 
VonGorder  and  the  home-made  bricks  were  cleaned  by  him  and 
his  sons.  These  were  used  in  erecting  a  block  on  South  Park 
avenue,  now  owned  and  occupied  by  Louis  Rentfle. 

Forty  years  ago,  maybe  later,  the  town  crier  w^as  a  neces- 
sary adjunct  to  court  proceedings.  His  voice,  calling  for  law- 
yers, witnesses  or  court  officials,  could  be  heard  for  blocks.    A 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 


MONUMENTAL    PARK. 


JlISTOltY  OF  'I'lMMlSILi.  coi  ^■^^  95 

man  -who  was  at  tlie  liar  in  the  60's  and  7U'h  sa>  s  tliat  oiu'  ot'  tho 
young-  Ja-ft^'ers,  wishing  to  be  advertised,  would  always  git  (uit 
of  the  oonrt  room  just  liefore  liis  case  was  tn  lie  cilicd  in  onlci- 
that  his  name  might  be  loudlj'  shouted  I'roiii  the  ii|»|>c'i-  wiudow. 

The  court  house  built  in  1854  was  so  lia«lly  (himageil  hy  tire 
on  March  25,  1895,  tliat  it  was  taken  down  and  the  present  one 
erected.  Tliis  new  building  cost,  including  furnishing  and  the 
house  for  the  heating  ajtparatus  back  of  tlae  jail,  over  !^"J()0,()()(). 
It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  buildings  in  the  \"alley. 

The  first  jail  in  Warren  was  one  of  the  rooms  iu  Ejilnaiui 
Quinby's  house  which  stood  near  the  site  of  the  present  Erie 
station  on  South  .Main  street.  Although  many  jail  rules  were 
made  at  the  time  of  its  establishment,  such  as  tixing  the  yard 
limits  between  the  present  Market  and  AVilliauis  streets.  Main 
street  and  Park  avenue,  with  a  few  rods  west  of  the  jail,  tlic 
room  was  used  but  little.  Only  one  prisoner  taken  from  there 
received  a  court  sentence, — that,  Daniel  Sheln',  of  Youugstowu, 
who  threatened  the  life  of  Judge  Young  and  paid  twenty-live 
dollars  fine. 

A  room  in  the  lower  part  of  ^\'illiam  W.  Cotgreave's  house, 
which  stood  on  the  south  side  of  the  present  Market  street  just 
east  of  the  Warren  Hardware  Comiiany's  store,  Avas  next  used 
as  a  jail. 

In  18U1  the  court  a]iproved  of  specificatimis  foi-  the  liuild- 
ing  of  a  jail  and  the  following  year  it  was  begun.  It  stood  on 
the  gTound  now  used  as  Monumental  Park.  It  was  nearly  com- 
pleted in  1804,  Avhen  it  burned  clear  to  the  ground.  This  build- 
ing was  of  logs,  32  feet  by  '22  feet.  It  had  a  room  for  debtors 
and  for  criminals.  The  delttors'  room  was  the  larger,  having 
two  windows,  while  the  criminals'  room  liad  only  one.  There 
were  iron  gratings  Itefore  all  windows.  Ilowevei',  no  debtor  in 
Warren  was  ever  confined  therein,  and  it  is  not  known  that  a 
debtor  was  ever  confined  in  any  Trumbull  County  jail. 

The  prisoners  for  a  time  after  the  burning  were  incar- 
cerated in  the  old  quarters  at  "Castle  AVilliam."' 

A  log  jail  was  built  about  1815  on  the  site  of  the  jtresent 
structure.  A  contract  was  made  for  a  new  building,  of  brick, 
in  1822,  and  it  was  accepted  by  the  commissioners,  on  the  9th 
of  December,  1824.     The  contractor  was  paid  $2,9411. 

In  1871  ]i]ans  were  made  for  the  construction  of  a  new 
jail,  and  the  total  cost  was  about  $35,000.  This  is  the  present 
edifice  which  has  been  enlarged  a  little,  and  repaired  inside. 


90  IIISTOIJV   ()]•■  Ti;i\MI!l'LL  COUNTY 

The  following-  is  a  list  of  men  who  have  served  as  sheriffs: 
David  Abbott,  1800  to  1804;  Elijah  Wadsworth,  1806;  James 
Hillniaii,  1809;  Trial  Tamer,  1813;  John  Strnthers,  1815;  Ben- 
jamin Austin,  1819;  Lemuel  Keeves,  1822;  Andrew  Bushnell, 
1826;  Cyrus  Bosworth,  1830;  George  Mygatt,  1834.  Henry 
Smith  succeeded  Mr.  Mj-gatt,  and  served  until  1838;  Warren 
Young,  1842;  James  Hezlep,  1846;  Benjamin  V.  Robbins,  1848; 
\¥illiam  Williams,  1850;  Benjamin  N.  Robbins,  1852;  Isaac 
Powers,  1854;  H.  R.  Harmon, 'l858;  A.  B.  Lj^nan,  1862;  J.  G. 
Butler,  1866;  S.  M.  Laird,  1870;  G.  W.  Dickinson,  1874;  S.  A. 
Corbin,  1878;  S.  F.  Bartlett.  1882;  John  Hoyt,  1886;  A.  P. 
McKinley,  1890;  J.  H.  Dillev,  1894;  E.  A.  Bierv,  1898;  F.  E. 
Caldwell,  1902;  W.  A.  Williams,  1906;  Charles  W.  Moser  began 
1906  and  is  still  serving. 

As  among  early  settlers,  after  farms  were  actually  divided, 
troubles  arose  in  regard  to  the  line  fence,  so  the  interesting 
"AYar  of  Counties"  centered  ill  county  seats.  As  we  have  seen, 
Warren  was  the  county  seat  of  early  Trumbull  County.  The 
settlement  grew  slowly  along  the  lake  and  faster  toward  the 
41st  ])arallel.  The  present  spirit  of  Youugstown  seems  to  have 
been  in  the  first  settlers.  They  detennined  to  have  the  county 
seat  in  the  beginning,  and  rather  than  yield,  kept  up  a  constant 
warfare,  battles  occurring  at  longer  and  shorter  intervals,  some- 
times sti'ong  and  sometimes  weak.  AMien  the  jail,  situated  on 
Monumental  Park,  was  burned  in  1804,  Yoimgstown  was  de- 
termined to  have  the  county  seat  matter  settled  in  its  favor. 
However,  there  were  other  voices  in  the  county  and  other  people 
who  had  choices  for  location.  Many  people  thought  the  town- 
ships of  Windsor,  Orwell,  Colebrook,  etc.,  w^ere  about  midway 
for  location,  and  that  the  county  seat  should  be  established 
there.  While  people  in  the  northern  part  of  Trumbull  County 
th.ought  it  should  be  established  near  the  Pennsylvania  line 
Judge  Frederick  Kinsman,  of  Warren,  said  his  father,  John 
Kinsman,  greatly  favored  Girard.  In  1805,  by  the  setting  off  of 
Geauga  County,  which  included  the  northern  ])art  of  old  Trum- 
bull County,  Youngstown  received  an  advantage  because  that 
village  was  not  so  far  from  the  center  of  the  county  as  it  had 
been  before.  However,  county  and  township  lines  were  not  ab- 
solutely certain  and  the  towns  of  Windsor,  Orwell,  etc.,  men- 
tioned above,  after  the  counties  of  Ashtabula  and  Portage  were 
erected,  were  given  back  and  forth  to  the  disgust  of  the  inhab- 


HISTORY  OF  Ti;r:\rBrLL  coukty  or 

itants.  Politics  of  course  entered  into  the  county-seat  war.  The 
men  elected  to  the  legislature,  and  like  offices,  from  Youngstown, 
fought  for  the  county  seat,  and  the  residents  of  Warren  hacl 
to  paj'  for  the  services  of  one  or  more  influential  men  who  went 
to  the  state  capitol  and  looked  after  its  interests.  In  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Youngstown  were  many  aliens,  and  when  it  came  to 
the  election  of  18U9,  the  c|uestion  was  brought  up  as  to  whether 
these  aliens  were  entitled  to  vote.  Mr.  Leonard  Case,  of  War- 
ren, and  Mr.  William  Chidester,  of  Canfield,  justices  of  the 
peace,  took  testimony  in  regard  to  these  voters  at  Youngstown, 
Hubbard  and  Poland.  Daniel  Shehy,  who  had  remembered  his 
continement  in  the  county  jail,  espoused  the  cause  of  the  aliens 
and  making  long  speeches,  added  to  the  excitement  of  the  occa- 
sion. Before  depositions  could  be  taken,  threats  of  arrest  had 
to  be  made.  This  evidence  taken  was  presented  to  the  legis- 
lature at  the  time  Trumbull's  candidate,  Thomas  G.  Jones,  pre- 
sented himself.  Eitlier  the  question  of  covmty  seat  had  been 
overshadowed  by  the  storming  of  the  Irishman,  or  had  spent  its 
force  naturally,  for  Avhen  Jones  was  declared  not  eligible  and 
Hughes  and  Elliott  were  given  seats,  the  matter  of  county  seat 
quieted  and  seemed  to  go  to  sleep.  Although  Y^oungstowu  had 
won.  it  did  not  seem  to  profit  in  any  way  bj^  that  winning.  For 
two  or  tliree  years  nothing  was  accomplished  by  either  jjarty. 
In  1811,  Thomas  G.  Jones,  still  favorable  to  Warren,  and  Sam- 
uel Bryson,  interested  for  Y^oungstown,  were  elected  for  rep- 
resentatives. Judge  George  Tod  was  a  senator.  At  these  elec- 
tions aliens  were  not  allowed  to  vote.  All  this  time,  Warren 
had  held  en  to  the  county  seat  and  had  consequently  grown. 
Nothing  transpired  of  importance  in  the  county  seat  controversy 
until  1813,  when  the  question  again  assumed  proportions,  but 
again  Warren  carried  the  day.  In  1839  the  county  buildings 
were  so  dilapidated  that  Trumbull  County  asked  permission  to 
build  a  new  court  house.  This  was  the  signal  for  alarm.  Y\iungs- 
town  protested  against  putting  any  more  money  into  the  "tem- 
porary capital."  Now  politics  entered  into  the  question  more 
than  ever  and  there  was  hardly  a  gathering  anywhere  in  the 
county  at  which  the  matter  was  not  up  for  discussion.  Finally, 
in  the  winter  of  1845-46.  Mahoning  County  was  set  off.  Warren 
continued  to  be  the  capital  of  Trumbull,  and  new  buildings  were 
erected.  An  interesting  thing  now  occurred  which  Trumbull 
Coimty  people  enjoyed  since  they  were  eliminated  from  the  agi- 
tation— they  had  had  enough.     It  had  never  occurred  to  the 


DS  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COL'XTY 

people  at  Yomigstown  that  when  a  new  county  was  erected,  the 
capital  could  be  anywhere  else  than  in  their  own  city.  However, 
after  the  county  was  set  off,  and  the  question  seriously  taken 
up,  the  center  of  the  county  was  chosen  and  the  court  house  was 
erected  at  Canfield.  At  this  court  liouse,  in  the  '50s,  '60s  and 
early  '70s,  the  bar  of  Trumbull  and  Mahoning  gathered  reg- 
ularly to  try  important  cases.  At  each  term  of  court  the  old 
enemies,  the  lawyers  of  Trumbull  and  Mahoning,  agreed  on  the 
question  of  county  seat.  They  had  to  drive  ten  miles  to  attend 
court  and  they  wei"e  tired  of  it.  Youngstown  was  more  con- 
venient for  all  parties  save  residents  of  Cantield.  Youngstown 
became  the  couutj'  capital  in  1872  to  the  satisfaction  of  Trum- 
bull. In  other  words,  Youngstown  had  become  an  industrial 
center  before  it  accomplished  its  purpose.  At  this  writing  it  is 
erecting  a  new  $1,500,0000  court  house  to  replace  the  one  Iniilt 
in  1872. 


(Loaned  by  the  Trilnme.) 


OLD    JAMES    SCOTT    HOUSE. 


CHAPTER  Xlll. 


Jamks  8cott  House. — Mrs.  Scott  and  Indians. — Mrs.  Kowe. — 
Mrs.    Justus    Smith. — Mrs.    Tod. — Graeter    House. — Par- 
sons Home. — Mrs.  Edwards'  Wedding. — Rawdon  House. 
— Castle  WiIjLiam. — Lane  House. — Home  of  Henry 
and    Mary    Stiles. — Stevens-Crowell   Place. 
— Webb    Property'. — Dana's   Institute. — 
Pease  Home. — Iddings  Home. — South 
Street  Social  C'enter. — 
Iddings  Map. 

James  Scott  married  Elizabeth  Quigley  and  together  they 
came  to  Warren  in  1§()2.  He  paid  one  hundred  doUars  for  the 
land  extending-  from  the  lot  now  owned  by  Miss  Olive  Harmon 
on  High  street  to  the  home  of  the  Misses  Stevens  on  Mahoning 
avenue.  He  erected  a  log  house  about  where  the  Packard 
homestead  stands  at  the  head  of  Main  street,  which,  as  we  have 
seen,  was  used  as  a  court  house.  Elisha  Wliittlesey  said  he 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  upper  room  of  this  liouse.  This 
he  sold  in  1815  to  Mrs.  Charlotte  Smith  for  $700.  Mr.  Scott 
then  erected  a  residence  on  High  street  where  the  home  of  Eliza 
and  Olive  Smith  stands.  Tliis  Scott  homestead  stood  in  front 
of  the  present  dAvelling,  the  well  being  about  where  the  present 
steps  are. 

The  original  l)uilding  was  of  logs,  but  later  a  frame  part 
was  at+aclied.  In  those  days  there  was  no  paint  in  the  home 
market,  and  no  lime  for  white-washing.  Mr.  Scott,  however, 
used  the  clay  found  in  this  soil,  and  washed  the  outside  of  his 
house,  making  it  a  very  soft  whitish  color. 

Mrs.  Scott  was  very  much  interested  in,  and  very  kind  to, 
the  Indians.  She  always  fed  them  when  they  asked  for  food, 
and  they  felt  perfectly  free  to  go  to  her  house  at  all  times. 
People  wdio  visited  the  Scott  home  were  often  startled  at  seeing 
two  or  three  Indians  standing  in  the  room.     The  only  intima- 

99 


100  HISTOKY  OF  TRl'MBl'LL  COUXTY 

tiou  they  had  had  of  tlieir  coming  was  that  sometimes  their 
shadows  were  seen  on  tlie  windows  or  in  the  doorway.  Although 
they  were  powerful  men,  they  were  gentle,  and  as  Mrs.  Scott 
had  very  dark  eyes,  fair  skin  and  high  color,  they  admired  her  , 
very  much.  Once  she  had  a  severe  illness  which  the  doctors  pro- 
nounced fatal.  One  of  these  Indians,  learning  of  her  condition, 
told  her  that  if  she  would  send  away  the  white  doctors  and  the 
white  people,  he  would  cure  her.  Since  she  had  no  hoj^e  in  any 
other  direction,  she  complied.  The  Indian  went  into  the  woods, 
got  herbs  from  the  roots  of  which  he  made  a  tea.  This  he  gave 
to  her,  burning  the  leaves  and  the  remainder  of  the  root  and 
scattering  the  ashes  in  a  ceremonial  way.  She  recovered,  and 
afterwards  asked  him  to  tell  her  what  the  medicine  was.  He 
kneAv  no  name  for  it  which  she  would  loiow,  but  promised  when 
the  spring  came,  he  would  take  her  into  the  woods  and  point  it 
out  to  her.  He,  however,  died  before  the  spring  came  and  the 
information  was  never  obtained. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  built  the  brick  house  which  stood  where 
the  Trimibull  Block  now  stands.  In  architecture  it  was  much 
like  the  Harsh  residence.  It  had  two  chjmneys  on  either  end. 
When  the  house  was  old  the  swallows,  at  twilight,  used  to  sail 
around  and  around  these  chimneys  and  then  drop  in.  Children 
congregated  in  the  neighborhood  "to  see  tlie  birds  go  to 
bed."  "VAHien  the  youngest  Scott  child,  Miss  Margaret,  died.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Aaron  Wentz  occupied  this  house  for  years.  It  was 
torn  down  in  1898.  James  Scott  died  in  January,  1846,  aged  71. 
Mrs.  "Wliittlesey  Adams,  Misses  Eliza  and  Olive  Smith  and  Mr. 
Wirt  Abell  are  the  grandchildren  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Scott, 
while  Norman  and  Dean  Adams  Wliittlesey  are  their  great- 
great-grandsons. 

Mr.  James  Scott  once  killed  a  bear  in  one  of  the  trees  which 
stood  in  front  of  the  First  Baptist  church. 

Lavinia  Deaue  was  born  in  1757  in  New  York.  Her  father, 
when  he  had  completed  his  theological  studies  was  obliged  to 
go  to  England  to  be  ordained.  He  was  lost  at  sea.  His  wife 
died  shortly  after,  and  Lavinia  was  brought  up  in  the  family  of 
her  uncle,  Silas  Deane,  who  was  a  memlter  of  the  first  Conti- 
nental Congress.  Miss  Deane  had  the  advantage  of  the  best  edu- 
cation of  the  time  and  knew  the  prominent  politicians,  or  rather, 
statesmen,  among  whom  was  George  AVashington.  She  mar- 
ried Peter  Delamater  Avho  settled  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
Huguenot,  and  through  persecution  tied  from  France.     When 


HISTOBY  OF  TBUMBULL  COUNTY  101 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Delamater  were  liviug  in  Kingston,  1777,  tliat 
town  was  burned  and  their  house  was  the  only  one  left  stand- 
ing. Mr.  Delamater  went  as  a  special  emissary  to  France  dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  Avar,  and  was  instrmueutal  in  securing 
certain  measures  which  were  favorable  to  the  Americans.  lie 
died  in  France.  She,  later,  married  Captain  Rowe,  avIio  lived 
but  a  short  time.  When  her  only  daughter,  Charlotte,  married 
Justus  Smith,  Mrs.  RoAve  became  a  member  of  that  family.  In 
the  early,  days  of  Warren  Mahoning  avenue  ran  Avest  of  the 
present  street  and  on  that  road,  back  of  Dr.  Sherwood's  home, 
Mrs.  Rowe  liA'^ed  in  a  log  house. 

Mr.  Smith,  haA'ing  heard  the  wonderful  tales  of  fertility  of 
the  soil  of  New  Connecticut,  journeyed  westward,  went  to  Cleve- 
land, expecting  to  locate.  He  found  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga 
river  a  dreary  place  eA'en  at  that  date,  1811,  and  pushed  on  to 
Warren.  He  bought  of  James  L.  VanGorder  the  mill  erected  by 
Henry  Lane  Jr.  and  Charles  Dally,  known  later  as  the  upper 
mill.  This  stood  where  the  present  water  works  station  is.  Mr. 
Smith  was  a  large  owner  of  land  and  mills  in  Glens  Falls,  New 
York,  and  he  paid  $4,000  for  this  property,  which  was  a  large 
sum  of  money  for  that  time.  In  1812  Mrs.  Rowe,  Mrs.  Smith 
and  her  children,  joined  Mr.  Smith.  He  did  not  live  very  long. 
His  Avidow  purchased  of  James  Scott  the  house  he  built  on  the 
Packard  lot,  and  here  she  made  her  home.  She  was  a  woman 
of  exce]3tional  character,  and  business  sense  and  integrity.  She 
carried  on,  as  proprietor,  the  business  which  her  husband  had 
left  her,  besides  raising  and  caring  for  her  family.  She  sold  the 
land  which  still  belongs  to  the  First  Presbyterian  church  for 
$500.  Her  sons,  Henry  W.  and  Charles,  were  two  of  the  leading- 
citizens  of  Warren's  early  days.  Not  only  did  they  occu])y  a 
respected  place  in  the  community,  but  each  had  a  wife  of  strong- 
character  and  were  their  equal  in  every  way.  Mrs.  Henry 
W.  Smith,  iiee  Stone,  was  one  of  the  finest  and  strongest  char- 
acters of  her  day.  Her  physical  strength,  coupled  with  her  de- 
termined, consecrated  character,  made  her  a  power  in  her  home, 
her  church,  and  society.  Although  her  family  were  men  and 
women  of  high  standing,  none  of  them  surpassed  her  in  cliar- 
acter. 

Mrs.  Charles  Smith,  ikw  Scott,  was  de\'oted].y  lo\'ed  by  her 
children.  She  was  gentle,  an  exceptional  housekeeper,  an  inter- 
esting companion,  and  a  true  friend  to  those  whom  she  trusted 


1U-'  IIISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

aud  admired.  She  lived  to  great  age  and  was  tenderly  cared 
for  by  her  daughters  Eliza  and  Ulive. 

Jane  Smith,  the  sister  of  Henry  W.  and  Charles,  married 
]\lr.  Shaler  and  moved  to  New  York,  while  Maria  became  Mrs. 
David  Tod.  These  children  all  lived  to  old  age,  Mrs.  Tod  dying 
only  a  few  years  since.  The  grandchildren  of  Justus  and  Char- 
lotte Smith,  now  residing  in  Warren,  are,  Henry  W.,  Jane 
(Smith)  Lyttle,  :Maria  T.  Smith,  Helen  R.  Smith,— the  children 
of  Henry  W. ;  Margaret  (Smith)  Adams,  Eliza  aud  Olive  Smith, 
— the  children  of  Charles.  There  are  also-  six  great-grandchil- 
dren, and  three  great-great-grandchildren  living  here. 

The  second  house  aliove  the  Presliyterian  church  was  owned 
by  Charles  White  from  1835  to  1860.  It  was  once  occupied  by 
Eliza  and  Mary  Wick,  the  latter  being  the  mother  of  Henrietta 
C)'osman.  In  this  house  Stephen  Foster  visited  and  here  he 
wrote  some  of  his  famous  songs.  Here,  too,  was  Mr.  White's 
cabinet  shop  wliere  Edward  Spear,  the  father  of  Judge  William 
T.  Spear,  did  business.  The  descendants  of  Edward  Spear  liv- 
ing in  the  city  are  Misses  Abbie  and  Annie  Hoyt. 

Immediately  north  of  this  building  was  the  printing  house 
of  George  Ilapgood,  who  edited  the  Chronicle  from  1825  to  1841, 
when  he  became  postmaster.  The  descendants  of  George  X. 
Ilaiigodd  and  Adaline  Adams  Hapgood  living  in  Trumbull 
Count> .  l!«il»,  are  Mrs.  Sarah  VanGorder,  Mrs.  B.  J.  Taylor. 
Mi-s.  Helen  Tayler  McCurdy,  George  Hapgood  Tayler,  Addie 
Tayhn-  Hecklinger,  Lucy  Tayler  Page,  Mathew  B.  Tayler,  Mrs. 
.Jacob  Ewalt.  (leorge  W.  Hapgood,  Mrs.  F.  D.  Longiuore,  Charles 
().  Ilapgood.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Hajigood  have  one  child, 
grandchildren,  great-grandchildren,  and  three  great-great- 
grandchildren living  in  Warren. 

The  next  house  was  once  the  home  of  Governor  Tod,  later 
oecui)ied  by  Hon.  John  Ilutcliins,  and  now  owned  by  George  aud 
Harriet  .lones. 

In  is;!.')  Augustus  Graeter  purchased  from  Mrs.  Charles 
Smith  foi-  $2,(100  (nt)te  the  advance  in  value  in  property),  the 
land  lying  between  Dr.  Harmon's  property  and  the  Presby- 
terian chuicli.  I'sing  the  old  log  house,  erected  by  'Slv.  Scott, 
lie  consti-uctcd  a  tavern  of  goodly  proportions.  The  old  part  of 
tlic  lionsc  which  was  used  as  a  court  house  became  the  dining 
room.  Tliis  hostelry  was  known  as  the  "Graeter  House"  and 
stood  until  1S70,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Warren  Packard, 
who  erected  his  fine  three-story  home.     Augustus  Graeter  was 


I  Loant-a   by   the  Tribune. ) 


OLD    GRAETER    HOUSE. 


HISTOin'  OF  TRUMBULl.  C'OUXTY  103 

a  liiglily  educated  man  who  brought  with  him  from  his  home  in 
Germauy  some  money,  llis  wife,  Sarah,  lived  at  Allentown, 
Pennsylvania.  She  was  a  successful  milliner  and  dressmaker 
and  her  business  ability  afterwards  served  her  a  good  purpose. 
Mr.  Graeter  used  most  beautiful  German,  but  Mrs.  Graeter  was 
Pennsylvania  Dutch.  The  piano  which  slie  brought  with  her  was 
the  first  one  brought  over  the  mountains  to  Warren.  ]\Ir.  and 
Mrs.  Graeter  had  a  large  family  of  children.  Louise,  Augustus 
and  Adolphus  were  all  musicians.  Louise  had  special  talent 
and  Adolphus  for  many  years  kept  a  music  store  in  Warren. 
The  two  youngest  children  still  reside  in  this  city,  Fredericka, 
who  married  the  youngest  son  of  ReA-.  N.  P.  Bailey,  and  Isabella, 
the  wife  of  Frank  M.  Ritezel,  editor  of  the  Chronicle.  ■Mrs. 
Bailey  is  the  money  order  clerk  in  the  postofiice.  Some  ])ictures 
have  been  drawn  and  painted  of  the  old  Graeter  Hou.se  which 
are  incorrect.  In  them  a  wing  at  the  east  of  the  house  is  repre- 
.sented  as  having  two  stories,  whereas  this  building  had  no  win- 
dows in  the  second  story  in  front.  This  part  of  the  house  was 
not  in  the  original  building  and  one  of  the  daughters  of  Mr. 
Graeter  thinks  it  was  one  of  the  buildings  erected  at  JNfecca  at 
the  time  of  the  oil  craze,  and  was  bought  by  her  father  at  the 
time  the  buildings  were  moved  liere. 

The  old  Parsons  house,  which  was  long  a  land-mark,  was 
built  in  1816,  and  stood  where  the  ojiera  house  now  stands.  It 
was  considered  a  very  beautiful  residence,  and  cost  $2,500,  a 
goodly  amoimt  for  those  times.  Mr.  George  Parsons  lived  in  it 
until  1860,  when  he  died.  It  had  an  attractive  stone  wall,  with 
a  little  iron  I'ailiug,  and  stone  stejis.  There  was  an  aristocratic 
air  about  this  building.  Additions  were  made  to  the  original 
house  in  1830  and  again  in  18oo.  Mr.  Heman  Harmon  married 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  Parsons,  and  lived  here  until  185;).  They  had 
a  large  family  of  attractive  children,  all  of  whom  mnnied.  The 
widow  of  one,  Heman,  Cornelia  Fuller  Harmon,  with  her  daugh- 
ter, Ella,  are  the  only  representatives  of  the  family  living  now 
in  Trumbull  County.  Mrs.  Foster,  Mrs.  Bradshaw,  and  Mrs. 
Hawkins,  all  live  in  Indianapolis,  while  the  widow  of  Calvin  still 
lives  in  Youngstown.  Under  the  date  of  October  .'!,  lS(i(l,  the 
^Vestern  Reserve  Chronicle  says:  '"Mrs.  Van  R.  ilumiihrey  of 
Hudson,  daughter  of  Judge  Calvin  Pease,  attended  the  wedding 
of  Miss  Maggie  Harmon  and  John  Edwards.  She  was  present 
at  the  wedding-  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Heman  Harmon,  father  and 
mother  of  the  bride,  and  also  of  George  Parsons  and  his  wife 


104  HISTORY  OF  TIIUMBULL  COUXTY 

(when  it  gets  back  to  tbe  grandfather  they  do  not  even  mention 
the  wife's  name).  She,  Laura  Pease,  was  only  ten  months  old 
at  the  time  and  mud  was  so  deep  that  women  could  not  walk. 
Therefore,  Mr.  Parsons  drove  the  horse,  carried  the  baby,  while 
Mrs.  Pease  sat  behind  him  on  the  horse.  Most  of  the  women 
were  thus  conveyed  to  the  wedding." 

Almost  every  settler  was  a  hotel-keeper  in  that  he  lodged 
and  fed  all  the  needy,  and  most  of  the  strangers  who  came  his 
way.  The  law  required  that  if  pay  was  received  for  such  g-uests, 
the  host  must  have  a  license  for  a  public  house.  For  this  reason 
the  early  court  records  show  that  Ephraim  Quinby  was  recom- 
mended to  Governor  St.  Clair  by  John  S.  Edwards  "as  a  suit- 
able person  to  keep  a  house  of  public  entertainment."  Mr. 
Quinby  paid  four  dollars  to  the  county  treasurer  for  this  license. 
About  the  same  time  James  Scott  also  received  a  license. 
Neither  of  these  men  really  kept  public  house. 

The  corner  where  the  Second  National  Bank  now  stands  was 
for  many  years  the  site  of  a  hotel.  In  1801  John  Leavitt,  who 
lived  here,  took  boarders,  and  opened  a  regular  hotel  in  1803. 
This  was  the  first  hotel  in  town.  Others  who  have  kept  hotel  on 
this  spot  were  Jesse  Holliday,  John  Eeeves,  Andrew  McKinney, 
and  Horace  Rawdon.  Horace  Rawdon  was  the  father  of  Calvin, 
Horace  and  Richard.  The  three  sons  lived  all  their  lives  in 
Warren.  Two  of  them  were  much  interested  in  military  organ- 
izations and  played  the  snare  drum.  They  are  all  dead  and  lie 
buried  in  Oakwood.  Horace,  the  fatlier,  kept  one  of  the  most 
popular  hotels  in  the  early  days.  He  was  the  last  landlord  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  present  Second  National  Bank.  In  1836 
this  property  was  purchased  by  Henry  W.  and  Charles  Smith, 
who  erected  a  two-story  building  thereon.  This  store  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire  and  when  rebuilt  a  third  story  was  added.  It  was 
long  occu]jied  by  Smith  &  McCombs.  When  Horace  Rawdon 
kept  the  hotel,  which  was  made  of  logs  and  weather-boarded,  it 
was  painted  red  and  had  the  first  brick  chimney  in  the  village.  It 
also  had  a  very  creaky  sign  which  could  be  heard  at  a  great 
distance  as  it  swung  on  a  windy  night.  In  this  building  dancing 
school  was  had,  usually  in  the  afternoon,  attended  by  both  men 
and  women.  Evelyn  Rawdon,  who  married  Mr.  Hammond  and 
lived  in  Bristol  until  a  few  years  since,  said  that  there  was  a 
dancing  school  in  this  hotel  in  1824-25.  Her  sisters,  Louisa  Raw- 
don Dunlap  and  Lucy  Rawdon  Crane,  with  herself,  attended. 
The  girls  went  in  the  afternoon;  the  boys  in  the  evening.    Some- 


JOHN    LOWREY'S    SALOON,    LONG    A    LANDMARK    ON    PARK 

AVENUE,  BUILT  IN   1807. 

The  figure  is  that  of  Jefferson  Palm.     The  small  building  on  the  left,  part 

of  which  only  is  shown,  is  the  blacksmith  shop  of  Hardy  &  Strong. 


HISTOUY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  105 

times  both  classes  weut  together,  on  special  occasious,  carriages 
being  sent  for  the  girls,  the  boj's  walking.  They  were  sent  home 
the  same  way.  The  boys  escorted  the  girls  to  supper;  the  danc- 
ing master  assigning  the  girl  to  the  bo}'.  Invitation  to  these 
dances  were  sometimes  written  in  verse. 

The  Pavilion  was  built  about  1807.  William  "\V.  Cotgreave 
was  its  proprietor  and  it  was  commonly  known  as  "Castle  Will- 
iam." The  first  story  was  built  of  logs  and  was  designed  and 
used  for  a  jail  until  the  county  provided  one.  It  was  a  queer- 
looking  house,  the  east  end  being  three  stories  high,  built  of 
brick,  the  west  end,  two  stories,  was  frame.  Pictures  sometimes 
now  reproduced  in  papers  are  taken  from  an  old  cut  and  are  not 
correct.  People  who  were  children  in  the  early  days  of  the 
Pavilion  say  these  pictures  give  no  idea  at  all  of  the  ancient 
building.  Court  was  held  here  and  the  upper  story  was  used  for 
church,  meetings,  schools,  shows,  concerts,  political  meetings, 
literary  entertainments,  etc.  It  was  bought  in  1828  by  James 
L.  VanGordei*,  and  from  that  time  was  called  the  Pavilion. 
Mr.  ^^anGorder  was  one  of  the  early  business  men  in  Warren, 
having  owned  and  built  several  mills,  and  much  other  property. 
When  the  canal  was  being  built,  he  secured  the  contract  for 
making  the  five  locks  in  this  vicinity  and  this  paid  him  so  much 
better  than  the  hotel  did,  that  he  gave  little  personal  attention 
to  the  tavern.  It  therefore  was  not  as  prosperous  in  its  latter 
days  and  was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  1846.  It  stood  upon  the 
ground  now  occupied  by  the  stores  of  I)..W.  Hull,  Hart,  Kin- 
namau  &  Wolf,  Fuller,  Gunlefinger,  and  Greenwalt  &  Peck.  Just 
previous  to  the  burning  of  the  building  Cyrus  VanGorder,  a  son 
of  James  L..  while  in  Xcw  York  ]iurchased  some  paper  for  the 
decorating  of  one  room  of  this  hotel.  He  paid  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  dollars  for  it.  It  was  hand  made,  and  done  in  water 
colors.  Before  it  was  put  on  the  wall  the  hotel  burned,  and  it 
has  been  in  the  possession  of  the  family  ever  since.  A  few  years 
ago  Mrs.  John  Kinsman,  a  granddaughter  of  James  L.  Van- 
Gorder, used  it  to  paper  her  parlor.  Ap]iarently  it  is  in  ;is  good 
condition  as  when  it  was  new. 

For  about  a  century  a  hotel  has  stood  on  or  near  the  ground 
occupied  by  the  Park  Hotel.  Here,  very  early,  Cyrus  Bosworth 
Iniilt  a  tavern  which  was  kept  by  Benjamin  Towne,  commonly 
called  "Uncle  Ben."  This  was  one  of  the  very  best  taverns  of 
the  county,  ^[rs.  Towne  was  a  woman  of  great  executive  aliility 
and  business  judgment  and  of  much  assistance  to  her  husband. 


106  HisTOi;^'  OF  Ti;r:\[BrLL  couxty 

Her  daughters  who  heljjed  in  this  hotel  home  added  to  the  pop- 
ularity of  the  place.  Provision  was  bountifully  served,  horses 
well  oared  for,  and  even  when  trade  was  slack  with  other  land- 
lords, this  tavern  was  full.  One  of  the  early  newspapers  says, 
"Towne's  Hotel  had  a  ball  room,  and  whenever  there  was  a  ball 
it  never  broke  up  until  morning.  Liquor  was  free  those  days 
everywhere  and  often  the  sons  of  wealthier  people  were  too 
drunk  to  dance."  Airs.  Towne  died  in  lS-t9  and  Mr.  Towne  gave 
up  the  business  a  little  later.  Mr.  Towne  kept  pigs,  cows,  and 
geese.  These  animals  (as  did  the  animals  of  other  people)  lived 
largely  in  the  •'Court  i  f ouse  Yard."  His  geese  were  his  special 
pets.  They  jiaddled  ail  over  the  park  and  scrambled  into  the 
river  when  they  wished  to  swim.  They  had  a  troublesome  way 
of  laying  their  eggs  so  far  under  the  barn  as  to  lie  out  of  reach 
of  men.  Air.  Irwin  J^add,  who,  as  a  boy,  must  have  been  a 
"Johnnie  on  the  spot,"  says  Mr.  Towne  used  to  ask  him  to  crawl 
inider  the  liarn  aftei'  these  eggs  and  now  and  then  gave  him  an 
egg  as  a  reward.  ,Mr.  William  Williams,  commonly  called 
"Billy,"  had  a  cabiui't  sho])  north  of  the  Towne  Hotel.  Billy 
would  put  a  grain  ot  corn  on  a  pin-hook,  swing  the  string*  out 
of  his  window,  and  capture  one  of  the  Towne  geese.  "Now  and 
Then"  in  the  ( 'lirtniiclc  says,  "It  would  rile  the  old  gentleman 
a  good  deal  but  whether  Billy  owned  up  or  not  I  never  knew, 
but  I  expect  he  was  led  into  the  mischief  by  Ben  Kiefer  and 
David  B.  C4ilniore,  who  were  his  apprentices  at  this  time."  Those 
of  us  who  remember  g^enial  "Billy  Williams"  walking  dignifiedly 
to  cliureh  on  Sunday  with  his  wife,  or,  strictly  speaking,  a  little 
ahead  of  her,  or  who  knew  by  sight  (piiet,  gentle  Mr.  Gilmore, 
never  would  accuse  them  of  tishing  for  geese  with  a  jiin-hook. 
Certainly  young  blood  runs  riot. 

When  Mr.  Towne  retired  from  the  hotel  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Almon  Chaiunan  took  charge  and  continued  in  the  business 
many  years.  They  were  excellent  hotel  people,  both  of  them, 
and  when  they  retired  they  had  a  competency.  They  bought  the 
house  just  west  of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  this  property  was 
left  by  will  to  Mrs.  Chapman's  niece,  Mrs.  Fred  Adams. 

Phiueas  Chase  and  his  son-in-law,  (ieorge  Parks,  were  the 
ni-.\t  landlords  and  they  too  made  a  business  success  of  it.  Aftei" 
many  years  Mr.  Chase  retired  and  Mr.  Parks  went  into  the 
grocery  business.     The  latter  resides  on  High  street. 

The  National  House,  having  become  dilapidated,  a  company 
was  formed  to  construct  a  new  one  and  upon  its  completion  Clark 


(liOanecl  by   the  Chronicle.) 


OLD    AUSTIN    HOUSE, 
Showing  small  portion  of  the  old  part  in  use  during  stage-coach  days. 


IJISToin'  OF  TKr.AIRrLL  COI'XTY  107 

and  Garrett  became  proprietors.  After  a  time  'Sir.  Clark  re- 
tired and  Mv.  Garrett  managed  it  alone.  Mr.  C".  C.  Clirvst  was 
the  next  landlord  and  he  was  followed  by  Mr.  John  A.  Fuller, 
the  present  manager.  The  biiilding  is  now  owned  ]iy  ]\Ir.  Orris 
K.  Grinnnesey. 

One  of  the  most  i)opular  of  the  stage  houses  in  Warreu  was 
that  which  stood  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  South  streets,  where 
the  Austin  House  now  stands.  It  was  built  of  wood  and  had  an 
upper  and  lower  porch.  In  the  early  days  Mr.  Paltzgroff  kept 
this  and  later  ]\fr.  Shoenberger.  In  the  height  of  the  coaching 
history  as  many  as  eight  coaches  a  day  stop])ed  there.  At  this 
time  business  looked  well  for  Warren.  Morgan  Gaskill,  a 
successful  business  man  of  Bellevernon,  Pennsylvania,  came 
here.  He  was  the  father  of  Mrs.  Albert  Wheeler  and  the  gi'and- 
father  of  ]\Irs.  Late  Abell  and  Mrs.  Howard  IngersoU.  He  had 
a  boat  yard  near  the  canal  where  he  repaired  boats  and  did  other 
business.  He  finally  bought  a  farm' in  Champion,  intending  to 
settle  down  quietly  for  the  rest  of  his  life.  Some  Warren  cit- 
izens, thinking  that  a  new  hotel  was  needed  urged  him  to  put 
his  money  into  such  a  i)uil(liiig  and  to  encourage  liim  they  of- 
fered to  furnish  it  if  he  should  not  have  money  enough  to  do  so. 
The  old  hotel  was  therefore  divided  in  two  parts,  one-half  moved 
to  the  east  on  South  street  and  the  other  south  On  Main  street 
and  a  brick  Ituilding  known  as  the  Gaskill  House  erected.  The 
old  luiilding  on  South  was  removed  a  few  years  ago,  liut  the 
)iait  on  Alain  street  still  stands  and  is  occupied  by  a  second- 
hand store.  It  is  in  a  very  dilajiidated  condition.  The  house 
was  opened  by  a  grand  ball  on  December  23,  1853,  which  the 
])ai)e)s  of  that  time  describe  as  being  "a  splendid  atfair."  For 
a  time  a  number  of  families  of  importance  either  lived  or  took 
their  meals  at  this  hotel  and  it  was  a  gay  place.  It  happened 
that  Mr.  Gaskill  had  made  his  investment  at  the  wrong  time. 
His  friends  who  were  so  free  to  advise  him  to  put  his  money  into 
it  did  no  more  than  they  agreed  and  creditors  crowded  him  and 
he  lost  the  savings  of  years.  The  building  of  the  Mahoning 
Eailroad  detracted  from  the  vahie  of  the  property  instead  of 
adding  to  it  as  was  expected.  In  the  early  sixties  Mr.  Shoen- 
berger was  the  proprietor  and  during  liis  time,  as  well  as  be- 
fore and  after  the  third  story  was  used  for  ))alls  and  (hinces. 
Some  of  tlie  other  proprietors  were  Stepihen  Hott'man,  J.  Knous, 
Peter  Fulk  and  Saumel  Derr.  Mr.  Harmon  Austin  and  Mr. 
Warren  Packard  bought  the  building  in  the  seventies  and  P]nos 


108  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

Austin  was  the  landlord.  Mr.  Austin  was  an  exemplary  man 
and  a  good  landlord  but  he  is  remembered  as  the  most  forgetful 
man  of  the  town.  The  stories  told  of  him  would  fill  this  volume. 
He  has  brought  his  wife  to  church  when  he  lived  on  the  farm 
and  on  leaving  forgotten  her.  He  has  taken  her  to  Harmon 
Austin's  in  Leavittsburg,  gone  home  to  Newton  Falls  without 
her,  and  had  to  return.  Once  when  sent  for  nutmegs  he  took  a 
wheelbarrow  to  one  of  the  stores.  One  day  as  he  was  preparing 
the  meats  for  dinner  and  had  blood  on  his  white  apron,  he 
liappened  to  think  of  something  he  wanted  up  town.  Without 
taking  off  his  apron  nor  laying  down  his  knife  he  ran  through 
the  street,  as  he  was  in  a  hurry  to  obtain  the  article.  A  stranger 
going  to  the  train  met  him  and  seeing  his  bloody  knife  and  apron 
ran  hard  to  get  out  of  his  way,  thinking  him  to  be  a  crazy  man. 
The  Austin  House  was  last  used  as  a  hotel  by  the  Park  Hotel 
people  when  their  Ijuilding  was  being  erected.  The  old  hostelry 
still  bears  the  name  of  the  Austin  House.  It  is  owned  by  W.  W. 
Dunnavant  and  is  a  tenement  house.  It  is  supposed  to  be  a 
better  ]iaying  investment  now  than  in  the  days  of  its  glory. 

Few  people  living  in  Warren  remember  the  Hope  House.  It 
stood  where-  the  garage  on  East  Market  now  is.  It  was  the 
headquarters  for  teamsters  during  the  building  of  the  canal,  as 
well  as  during' war  times.  Liquor  was  sold  here  as  at  all  other 
liotels,  and  people  who  loved  quarrels  and  tights  had  plenty  of 
amusement.  The  teamsters  who  often  had  to  sleep  in  their 
wagons  or  in  their  blankets  on  the  floor  quarrelled  among  them- 
selves too  often  to  please  the  peace-loving  citizens. 

At  the  time  of  the  building  of  the  canal  two  Texans, 
brothers,  David  and  George  Law,  had  the  contract  for  the  dig- 
ging of  the  canal  near  Warren.  George  was  a  very  peaceful  man 
but  David  A\as  a  fighter.  The  latter  rode  a  big  dun-colored  mule 
and  people  who  knew  him  at  the  time  said  that  he  could  get  off 
that  mule  and  whip  any  Irishman  who  was  working  on  his  line. 
He  was  six  feet  in  height  and  of  powerful  build  and  a  Warren 
citizen  says  "Nothing  nor  nobody  could  head  off  George  Law." 
In  the  late  sixties  and  seventies  this  hotel  was  known  as  the 
Eagle  House  and  it  had  not  a  very  good  reputation  as  a  hostelry. 
Few  people  were  seen  there  except  on  circus  and  "other  big 
days."  when  accommodations  were  hard  to  obtain.  Just  when 
it  disap])eared  from  view  nor  wliere  it  went  no  one  seems  to 
know. 

No  matter  how  old,  how^  decrepit,  how  indifferent  men  or 


(Loaned  by  tlie  Tribune.) 


DANA   MUSICAL   INSTITUTE, 
First  a  store,  then  a  hotel. 


HISTORY  OF  TUU-MBULL  COUNTY  109 

women  may  be,  a  love  story  attracts  all.  For  this  reason  the 
tale  of  the  building  of  the  old  American  Plouse  has  been  given 
over  and  over  again  in  newspapers  and  magazines.  James 
8cott  had  a  large  family  of  children,  the  daughters  wei'e  all  at- 
tractive, one  especially  being  spirited.  In  1826  a  young  cabinet 
maker,  named  Lowe,  who  came  to  Warren  to  Avork,  had  a  modest 
little  shop  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Park  and  High  streets. 
He  soon  fell  in  love  with  Miss  Scott.  She  did  not  fancy  him, 
and  gave  him  to  understand  she  did  not  care  to  have  him  call 
ui)on  her.  Stories  told  of  this  young  girl  make  her  say  that  she 
was  the  daughter  of  a  rich  man  and  could  look  down  on  his 
little  shop  from  her  window.  This  statement  is  so  unlike  any 
Scott  descendant  that  the  author  discredits  it.  Since  this  was 
true  it  hurt  Lowe's  feelings  very  much.  He  then  retorted  by 
saying  that  he  would  put  up  a  biiilding  so  high  that  he.  could  sit 
in  his  room  and  look  down  on  her.  He  borrowed  the  money  and 
began  the  work  but  when  half  done  he  died  of  smallpox.  As  Mr. 
Leicester  King  had  loaned  him  the  money  for  the  enterprise,  he 
was  obliged  to  finish  it  in  order  to  save  himself.  Mr.  Isaac 
Ladd.  one  of  the  liest  carpenters  of  that  time,  had  the  contract 
for  the  woodwork  above  the  tirst  story,  which  had  already  been 
com^ileted.  Mr.  King  rented  this  building  as  a  store  until  1840, 
when  it  became  a  tavern  and  was  known  as  the  "American 
Honsie."  There  was  considerable  rivalry  between  the  American 
House  and  the  Gaskill  House  in  the  '60s.  The  location  of  the 
former  was  in  its  favor,  but  the  good  cooking  of  the  German 
housewives  connected  with  the  latter  balanced  the  location.  Pro- 
prietors of  the  American  House  at  different  times  have  been 
William  H.  Newhard,  Henry  Lowe,  Mr.  McDermout,  Edwin 
Eeeves,  James  EnsigTi,  and  Benjamin  Gilbert.  Of  these  men 
Mr.  Reeves  is  the  only  one  lining.  This  hotel  had  a  ball  room 
and  for  many  years  people  met  here  for  dances  and  enter- 
tainments. At  the  time  of  the  building  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad  the  American  House  was  the  headquarters  of 
the  engineers.  During  war  times  large  bodies  of  soldiers  were 
fed  there.  In  1869  or  '70,  Junius  Dana  purchased  the  building 
and  it  has  been  used  as  a  Musical  Institute  ever  since.  It  is  now 
in  poor  repair  and  will,  undoubtedly,  before-  long  be  removed. 
Its  huge  piillars  running  full  length  make  it  an  imposing  looking 
building. 

A  wooden  hotel  built  by  Asael  Adams  standing  at  the  corner 
of  Market  street  and  Park  avenue  for  manv  vears  acccunnio- 


110  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

dated  not  only  travelers  but  boarders  as  well.  It  had  a  great 
sign  of  four  boards  made  in  a  square  and  fastened  to  a  huge 
post  ui)on  which  were  large  letters,  "Franklin  House."  A  long 
cord  running  from  the  front  of  the  house  to  the  stable  connected 
with  a  bell  which  brought  the  hostler  to  the  front  of  the  house  to 
take  charge  of  the  horses.  The  stable  stood  where  the  Lamb  & 
Strong  Building  is  now.  Among  the  landlords  best  remembered 
were  "Billy"  Williams  and  Daniel  Thompson,  the  father  of  Mrs. 
Dr.  Sherwood.  After  the  grading  for  the  sewerage  was  done, 
the  building  was  reached  by  a  long  flight  of  wooden  stairs.  This 
structure  was  removed  to  make  way  for  the  present  Franklin 
Block. 

Alanson  Camp  kept  a  hotel  on  Market  street  for  many 
years.  D.  B.  Gilmore  and  Jesse  Pancoast,  John  Hoyt,  and  the 
Elliott  brothers  were  among  the  landlords  there.  Very  re- 
cently this  building  has  been  reconstructed  and  is  the  property 
of  E.  A.  Voit,  and  Mr.  Cliristianar;  the  proprietor  is  Frank 
McConnell. 

The  oldest  building  erected  for  mercantile  puri)oses  in  the 
business  part  of  Warren  and  now  standing  well  preserved  and 
unchanged  in  its  appearance  at  the  front,  is  the  two-story  brick 
buildiTig  with  stone  front  at  No.  7  North  Park  avenue.  It  was 
erected  by  Asael  Adams  in  1836  for  general  mercantile  i)urposes 
and  was  at  that  time  the  most  complete  mercantile  building  in 
northern  Ohio  outside  of  Cleveland.  In  the  '60s  the  lower  part 
was  used  for  a  postoffice ;  the  up])er  part  as  a  residence  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Orlando  Morgan.  For  a  few  years  the  McFarland 
Brothers  had  their  undertaking  establishment  here.  It  is  now 
owned  by  W.  W.  Dunnavant,  who  has  a  moving  picture  show, 
called  "Dreamland."  At  this  writing  he  is  making  a  one-story 
addition  to  the  rear,  to  accommodate  his  growing  Imsiness. 

One  of  the  oldest  houses  in  town  was  that  which  stands  on 
the  river  bank,  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  William  H.  Baldwin. 
Henry  Lane  Jr.,  who  gave  the  land  for  the  first  cemetery  now 
on  Mahoning  avenue,  lived  here.  The  hopse  was  of  logs,  and 
Mrs.  Lane,  a  lovely  woman,  who  was  veiy  fond  of  flowers,  had 
a  beautiful  garden  there.  When  working  with  her  flowers  she 
destroyed  the  sight  of  one  of  her  eyes.  When  the  town  began 
to  name  its  streets,  the  street  running  directly  east  from  the 
Lane  home  was  called  Lane  street.  What  influence  was  brought 
to  bear  to  blot  out  the  name  of  this  good  old  citizen  is  not 
known,  but,  within  the  recollection  of  the  writer,  Lane  street 


OLD    FRANKLIN   CORNER,  WHERE  "BILLY  WILLIAMS"  SO  LONG 

KEPT    HOTEL. 

Reproduced  by  Andrews  for  this  history  from  an  original  taken  about  1888. 


(LoaneJ   hy  the  Chronicle.) 

FRANKLIN   BLOCK    IN    1874. 


TIISTOKY   OF    riM'MiillJ.  ((UNT^-  m 

became  Belmont.  This  Iiou.se  was  for  many  xears  the  home  of 
Mrs.  James  VanGorder,  and  her  danghter  Ann  Mary,  who  late 
in  life  married  Eev.  Joseph  Marvin.  The  wing  of  the  house  was 
the  old  log  house  whioh  Henry  Lane  first  ])nt  up.  It  is  a  com- 
mon l)elief  that  part  of  this  log  structure  is  in  the  present  build- 
ing, but  Mr.  Baldwin,  who  repaired  it  some  years  ago,  says  that 
there  is  no  part  of  the  log  house  left.  If  there  were,  it  would 
probably  be  the  oldest  house  standing.  In  1807  Mrs.  Lane  went 
to  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  Mary  Reeves,  her 
niece,  who  had  been  left  motherless,  returned  with  her.  Miss 
Reeves  was  a  cousin  of  the  late  John  Reeves,  of  Rowland.  She 
married  Henry  Stiles  and  lived,  all  her  married  life,  a  few  rods 
from  her  aunt's  home.  She  was  the  grandmother  of  Mrs.  RoUa 
Cobb,  Mr.  Henry  Quinby  Stiles,  Miss  Harriet  Jones,  and  Mr. 
George  Jones,  of  Warren.  Henry  and  Mary  Stiles  had  a  goodly 
sized  family,  all  of  whom  were  genial  and  friendly.  The  Stiles 
homestead,  with  its  long,  low  jtorch,  which  all  adult  residents  of 
that  day  well  remember,  was  the  rendezvous  of  the  young  people 
of  this  city.  Mrs.  Albert  Watson,  of  Cleveland,  who,  as  Lucy 
Morgan,  used  to  be  a  gnest  of  the  Stiles  family,  says  that  in  no 
house  in  Warren  did  the  yonug  peoj^le  ever  have  a  merrier  time. 
Horace  Stevens,  the  brother  of  Benjamin  and  Augustus 
Stevens,  was  a  hatter  by  trade.  ]\Iiss  Aurelia  Pier,  who  lived  in 
Vermont,  was  betrothed  to  him.  She  came  west  with  Judge 
Leicester  King  and  family.  They  came  by  water  to  Fairport, 
and  Mr.  Stevens,  witli  George  Parsons,  went  to  meet  them.  Mr. 
Stevens  and  Miss  Pier  were  married  at  the  home  of  Judge  King. 
Mr.  Stevens  built  the  house  which  stood  on  the  lot  now  owned 
by  the  Misses  Hall  on  Mahoning  avenue.  Here  their  oldest 
child,  Maiy,  was  born.  Mr.  Stevens  afterwards  branched  out 
in  business,  sold  his  property  to  General  Crowell,  and  moved  to 
Newton  Falls.  At  that  time,  because  of  the  water  power,  Newton 
Falls  was  a  thriving  hamlet.  Mr.  Stevens  ownecl  the  grist  mill 
and  the  saw  mill,  which  property  has  been  purchased  by  the 
Hydro  Electric  Company  since  the  writing  of  this  history  was 
begim.  j\Iary  Stevens  married  Ira  Fuller  at  Newton  Falls  and 
came  to  AVarren  to  live.  She  had  a  large  family  of  children ;  all 
of  those  who  reached  adult  age  married.  Six  are  now  living 
and  all  are  prosperous  people.  Her  daughter  and  granddaugh- 
ter, Mrs.  Cornelia  Hamion  and  Miss  Ella,  are  residents  of  War- 
ren. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fuller  lived  in  Warren  all  their  mari-ied 
life,  most  of  the  time  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Vine  and  Mar- 


n-2  HISTORY  OF  TKUilBULL  COUNTY 

ket  streets.  The  office  of  Mr.  Fuller,  which  stood  on  Vine  street, 
is  now  on  Atlantic  street  and  is  verj'  old.  It  is  used  as  a  dwell- 
ing. ^Vheu  Mr.  Stevens  retired  from  business,  he  returned  to 
"Warren  and  made  his  home  with  Mrs.  Fuller.  The  Stevens  home 
stood  on  a  lot  on  Mahoning  avenue  above  referred  to,  which  runs 
east  almost  to  Harmon  street.  This  proi^erty  was  offered  for 
sale  b)'  John  Crowell  to  "William  Woodrow  for  .$325,  twenty-five 
dollars  to  be  paid  outright  and  the  rest  when  convenient.  Mr. 
"Woodrow  did  not  ]nirchase  it,  but  Mr.  James  Dunlap  bought 
and  occupied  it  for  many  years.  At  the  time  he  erected  the 
present  brick  house  it  was  moved  on  to  South  street,  next  to  the 
corner  of  Elm  street,  where  it  now  stands.  It  is  one  of  our 
oldest  houses  and  is  still  doing  good  service. 

The  oldest  dwelling  lioi:se  in  tlie  city  which  is  in  good  re- 
pair is  that  occupied  by  Elizabeth,  "William  and  Frank  Iddings, 
on  the  north  side  of  South  street,  between  Vine  and  Pine  streets. 
It  was  built  by  John  S.  Edwards  in  1807  and  stands  on  the  spot 
it  originally  occupied.  It  was  purchased  by  Hon.  Thomas  D. 
AVebb,  and  he,  his  children,  and  grandchildren  have  lived  there 
ever  since.  He  had  three  daughters,  Laura,  Elizabeth  and  Ada- 
line.  Laura  married  Dr.  Warren  Iddings  in  1846 ;  the  others 
never  married. 

It  was  the  intention  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwards  to  use  the 
house  as  two  wings,  erecting  a  main  house  between  them.  Mr. 
Edwards'  early  death  prevented  this.  The  house  is  a  little 
larger  than  the  original,  Mr.  "Webb  having  added  a  kitchen  at  the 
rear.  It  is  in  good  condition.  Miss  Iddings  has  a  number  of 
pieces  of  fine  old  furniture  which  have  withstood  the  wear  of 
time.  In  1844  or  '45  Mr.  White  designed  and  made  a  sofa  in  the 
shop  which  stood  north  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  It  was  cov- 
ered with  brocade  haircloth  purchased  by  him  in  New  York  City. 
It  has  stood  in  the  parlor  of  Mr.  Webb  and  the  Iddings  family 
ever  since,  and  the  wood,  the  haircloth,  nor  the  sjirings  show 
wear. 

Another  old  house  which  has  withstood  the  ravages  of  time 
is  now  owned  by  Timothy  Case  and  stands  just  east  of  Edward 
Smith's  house  on  Market  street.  This  was  built  by  Judge  Calvin 
Pease  before  1816.  His  office  stood  on  the  same  lot  but  it  was 
not  of  brick,  as  was  the  house,  and  was  moved  early  to  the  lot 
next  the  corner  of  Vine  street  and  made  into  the  house  where 
Frederick  Shaler  so  long  lived.  Two  men  who  have  alwavs  been 
much  interested  in  the  histoi"v  of  Trumbull  Countv  were  born  in 


niSTOKY  OF  Ti;r:\rBrLL  county  ]13 

this  lioiise,  one,  Irwin  Ladd,  born  in  182S,  and  the  other,  Arthur 
Woodrow,  born  many  years  later. 

The  Pease  house  stood  on  a  hill  almost  directly  north  of 
the  Webb  house.  A  sharp  embankment  led  down  to  a  small 
creek  which  ran  through  Harmon  Austin's  place  on  High  street 
diagonally  through  the  lots  lietween,  on  to  John  Campbell's 
place  on  Market,  and  then  into  what  was  then  Mr.  Pease's  land. 
It  eventually  crossed  South  street  and  emptied  into  the  canal. 
This  house  was  situated  on  the  land  known  as  the  "Pease  Addi- 
tion" and  was  kept  in  the  family  until  a  very  few  years  ago.  It 
was  occupied  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Orlando  Morgan  for  a  number  of 
years.  Mr.  Pease  had  planted  trees  and  bushes,  and  these  bore 
fruit  within  the  recollection  of  the  children  of  the  late  '60s. 
However,  none  of  these  children  ever  had  the  faculty  of  passing 
the  watchful  eye  of  Mrs.  ^Morgan  and  never  enjoyed  the  pleasure 
of  eating  stolen  fruit. 

The  home  of  Hon.  Richard  Iddings,  one  of  the  staunchest  of 
the  early  settlers,  is  in  good  repair  today  and  stands  east  of 
the  home  of  Miss  Mary  Iddings  on  Market  street.  After  Mr. 
Iddings  ceased  to  occupy  it,  it  was  sold  to  W.  0.  Forrest  and 
passed  through  the  hands  of  several  others.  It  now  belongs  to 
L.W.  Sanford.  Eichard  Iddings  came  to  "Warren  in  1806.  He  was 
a  tailor,  and  had  his  business  over  the  store  of  Henry  &  Charles 
Smith.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1830,  together  with 
Rufus  P.  Siiaulding.  His  children  were  Lewis  J.,  Morris,  War- 
ren, Hiram  and  Elizabeth.  Richard  Iddings  died  in  1872.  He 
married  Justina  Lewis,  of  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  a  woman  of 
sweet  character,  and  at  first  they  lived  in  a  house  where  the 
Park  Hotel  now  stands.  Later  they  erected  a  house 
on  the  west  side  of  the  lot  and  in  18l2fl  built  the 
house  which  their  children  occupy.  This  is  one  of  the 
oldest  houses  in  the  city.  ^Nlrs.  Iddings  belonged  to  a 
substantial  family  of  Reading,  and  in  1821  her  sister 
Betsey  came  to  live  with  her.  The  Iddings  home  was  one  of  the 
most  hospitable  in  the  city.  It  was  constantly  full  of  guests  and 
Mrs.  Iddings  and  her  sister  made  all  feel  welcome.  Betsey 
Lewis  was  one  of  the  strongest  characters  Warren  has  ever  had. 
So  far  as  we  know  she  was  the  first  woman  suffragist  in  the 
town  or  county.  She  was  a  constant  reader.  ])erf.-etly  familiar 
with  all  plrases  of  political  (piestions,  and  aUhough  gentle  like 
lier  sister,  was  sprightly  and  active  both  in  body  and  mind. 
She  was  greatly  interested  in  the  questions  which  preceded  the 


114  IIISTOKY   (»F  TKIMIULL  COIWI'Y 

war,  and  died  just  as  the  war  was  i)reakiiig  out.  It  is  liard  for 
us  to  realize  it,  but  so  muddy  was  Marlvet  street  in  the  days  of 
the  early  thirties  that  when  Mrs.  Iddings  and  her  sister  wished 
to  call  on  the  neighbors  across  the  street  thev  went  on  horse- 
back. 

Samuel  Chesney,  who  was  born  in  Juniata  county.  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1778,  came  to  Warren  in  1803.  He  had  taught  school 
in  Pittsburg  before  settling  here  and  held  the  office  of  deimty 
postmaster  for  a  long  time,  and  was  justice  of  the  peace.  Among 
the  men  who  came  late  in  the  fall  of  1799  was  Benjamin  Davison. 
He  put  up  a  cabin  below  the  Fusselman  farm,  near  Mr.  Case,  and 
went  east,  bringing  his  family  the  next  May.  There  were  ten 
cliildren.  It  was  at  this  house  that  the  boys  who  went  to  Salt 
Springs  with  the  party  at  the  time  the  Indians  were  killed, 
stopped  at  the  end  of  their  three-mile  run.  Samuel  Chesney  mar- 
ried Mary  Davison  and  their  first  liome  was  on  ^larket  street, 
where  Albert  (lUarnieri  now  has  his  fruit  store.  This  block  is 
still  owned  by  the  family  of  Lewis  Iddings  and  was  built  on  the 
land  of  Mr.  Chesney.  For  many  years  it  was  called  the  "Empire 
Block."  Mr.  Lewis  Iddings  married  Jane  Chesney.  Their  chil- 
dren are  Miss  Mary  Iddings,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Baldwin,  Mr.  S.  C.  Id- 
dings, and  Lewis  M.  Iddings,  consular  agent  to  Egypt.  AMien 
Jane  Chesney  was  a  little  girl  she  lived  in  this  house  and  used 
to  attend  the  Academy.  The  court  house  yard  was  dreadfully 
nuiddy  and  the  streets  almost  impassable.  A\Tien  she  got  her 
first  rubbers  and  was  able  to  keep  her  shoes  clean,  it  made  such 
an  impression  upon  her  that  she  never  forgot  it. 

^^Tlen  Jane  Chesney  married  Lewis  Iddings  they  moved 
into  the  house  which  the  family  now  occupy,  so  that  Mrs. 
Iddings'  entire  life  was  spent  on  Market  street  in  this  city.  ^Mr. 
Samuel  Chesney  built  a  house  on  Chestnut  street  which  is  still 
standing,  it  was  between  Market  and  South  streets  on  the  ea.st 
side,  })ut  some  years  since  was  moved  back  to  make  room  for  a 
new  building.     Here  Samuel  Chesney  died. 

.\t  one  time  the  fashionable  part  of  town  centered  around 
the  corner  of  'Slam  and  South  streets.  Here  lived  Judge  Francis 
Freeman,  Samuel  L.  Freeman,  John  ]\IcCombs,  Henry  Smith. 
Charles  Smith,  and  Mathew  Birchard.  The  Birchard  home- 
stead was  veiy  near  the  river,  and  was  very  attractive  in  its 
early  days.  Judge  Birchard  was  a  man  of  large  acquaintance 
among  public  men.  In  1841  he  married  Jane  Elizabeth  Weaver, 
daughter  of  Captain  AVilliam   A.   Weaver.     She  was  a  gentle 


HisToiiY  OF  'ririMisrij.  rurxTv  n5 

woman  of  t'lhicatidii  and  j)leasini>-  luaiiiicrs.  'I'licii-  daugiiter, 
Jane,  was  the  leadei'  anmng  the  girls  of  her  time.  She  married 
Frank  Mason,  now  consul  genei-al  to  Paris.  Mr.  Ahisou  was  a 
son  of  Edson  Mason,  of  Niles.  Frani<  and  his  wife,  .huic,  have 
spent  the  greatei-  part  of  thf'ir  married  life  aliioad.  lie  going  into 
the  eonsular  service  in  1S77.  Mrs.  I'>ircli;ird  died  in  I'aris  .since 
this  woi'k  was  hegmi.  "^riie  jx'oplc  (d'  to(hi\'.  when  the)'  pass  the 
Birchard  homesteath  now  owned  Wy  Jacnh  l\nofsk\,  and  sec 
tlic  \ard  )iiled  high  witli  junk,  canned  imagine  imw  attractixc 
tl  is  place  was  ill  the  early  (hiys. 

.V  sidewalk  as  wide  as  the  genei'al  sidewalk  on  Main  street 
followed  (hiwn  tlie  west  si(h:'  of  the  Main  street  nearly  to  llie 
canal  bed.  ( )n  the  edge  cd'  this  walk  was  a  row  id'  locust  t  ices. 
The  first  imuse  below  the  iailroa<l  track  belonged  to  .Mr.  I'ub 
lai'd;  the  second  house  was  the  pntperty  (d'  lieur\  W.  Smith. 
Hei'e  he  au.d  his  large  and  attracti\'e  family  li\-ed  for  many 
years.  After  a  time  they  niox'ed  out  onto  the  farm  now  owned 
liy  tlie  estate  on  the  \'oungstowii  Koad.  and  Mr.  (loldstein,  long 
a  successful  mercli;int  in  W'aricn,  occupied  this  house,  hater 
it  was  owned  by  Mi-s.  Xaucy  Dawson  and  upon  .Mayor  Dawson's 
death  it  became  the  i)i-o)>ei-ty  of  (he  D.  t^  (  ).  IJailroad.  In  the 
oiiginal,  it  stood  high,  had  basement  rooms,  a  wide  hall  leading 
through  it  and  was  a  \>'i'y  attracti\'e  place.  The  children  of  the 
late  '(ids  remember  this  jilace  because  of  the  apricot  tree  which 
stood  in  the  back  yard.  When  the  railroad  people  secured  it. 
they  set  it  on  the  ground,  turned  it  i|uarter  about  and  no  sem- 
blance of  the  old  Inuldiug  is  left.  It  is  still  used  foi'  n  i-aili'o;id 
station,  althoiigli  having  been  condemned  by  the  city  board  of 
health.  If  I'ailroad  ]ii-ouiises  aie  redeemeil.  when  this  \-olume' is 
in  the  hands  of  the  readers,  a  new  station  will  occupy  this  site. 

The  next  house  to  the  south  was  that  owned  by  |)a\-id  Tod 
and  latei'  became  the  homestead  of  M.  B.  Tayler.  whose  lai'ge 
and  kindly  family  made  the  lumse  seem  more  like  a  boarding 
school  than  a  home.  Nine  girls  in  one  bouse,  with  two  l)oys 
thrown  in,  is  something  to  nudxc  the  homes  in  apartments  tod;i>" 
seem  like  playdujuses. 

The  next  and  last  house  was  the  home  (d'  ('harles  Smith. 
He,  too,  had  a  goodly  f<unily,  and  being  of  a  very  sociable  nature. 
had  much  company  aside  from  the  relations.  So,  in  this  I'ow 
lived  the  three  children  of  Charlotte  Smith,  one  cd'  the  staundi- 
est  and  best  of  Warren's  early  citizens. 

Mr.  Leicester  King  built,  about  1828,  the  house  which   is 


IIG  HISTORY  OF  TEUiFBULL  COUXTY 

now  ocenpied  by  the  cliildren  of  Henry  AV.  Smith,  fronting  Mon- 
mneutal  Park,  on  ]\Ialioning  avenue.  At  the  time  this  building 
was  constructed  it  was  thought  to  occupy  the  finest  location  in 
the  city  and  opinion  in  regard  to  it  has  not  changed.  Its  colonial 
hall,  high  ceilings,  natural  wood,  are  as  acceptable  now  as  then. 
It  has  been  occu^ned  only  by  three  families  in  all  these  years, 
those  of  Mr.  King,  Mr.  H.  C.  Belden  and  Mr.  Smith. 

The  home  of  Thomas  and  Charles  Kinsman,  standing  be- 
tween the  Smith  and  the  Perkins  home,  is  one  of  the  old  build- 
ings, and  by  many  architects  considered  to  be  the  finest  of  any 
home  in  the  city.  Certainly  the  southern  exposure  with  its  wide 
porch,  its  high  pillars,  is  most  attractive  to  persons  driving  up 
Mahoning  avenue.  This  house  remains  about  as  it  was  built,  in 
1835,  having  been  repaired  somewhat  but  not  changed  except  the 
hall,  which  was  extended  clear  through  the  house.  Frederick 
Kinsman  married  Laura  Pease,  the  brilliant  daughter  of  Calvin 
Pease.  His  first  wife,  Olive  Perkins,  sister  of  Hon.  Henry  B. 
Perkins,  whose  children  died  in  infancy,  lived  but  a  little  time. 
F]'ederick  and  Cornelia  Kinsman  had  five  sons,  and  at  their 
home  have  been  entertaining  more  people  of  note,  more  old  resi- 
dents coming  back  for  visiting,  and  more  of  the  town  people, 
than  in  any  other  one  house.  Mr.  Kinsman  was  a  man  very 
much  interested  in  the  early  welfare  of  the  city,  was  one  of  the 
associate  judges,  gave  his  advice  and  his  opinion  to  all  who 
asked  for  it  and  was  most  practical  in  that  advice.  He  and  his 
family  were  interested  in  the  raising  of  fruits,  vegetables  and 
flowers,  so  that  his  place  had  a  special  attraction  for  friends 
and  visitors.  Mrs.  Kinsman  was  a  genial,  capable,  loving  woman, 
and  was  one  of  the  most  popular  persons  Warren  has  ever  had. 
Her  sons  adored  her  and  she  was  for  many  years  the  leading 
worker  in  the  Episcopal  church  and  in  town  philanthropy  in 
general.  Mr.  Kinsman  long  survived  his  wife,  and  four  sons, 
John,  Frederick,  Thomas  and  Charles,  are  living,  Henry,  the 
youngest,  dying  before  the  father. 

Another  old  house  is  the  one  at  the  end  of  Pine  street  where 
the  ]iver  turns.  It  Avas  owned  at  one  time  by  Mr.  Charles 
Smith,  and  was  known  among  the  children  as  the  haunted  house. 
The  date  of  its  erection  is  not  exactly  known. 

One  of  the  early  houses  still  in  existence  is  that  of  General 
Siiiioi)  Perkins.  Its  site  was  about  the  same  as  that  of  the 
7)resent  Perkins  homestead  on  ^Mahoning  Avenue.  It  was  a  frame 
liouse,  of  ffood  lines,  and  of  medium  size.     Standing  in  the  same 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 

HOMESTEAD  OF  THOMAS  AND  CHARLES  KINSMAN. 


IIISTOKY   OF  THr:\lHUL].  COrX'J'V  117 

yard,  east  of  the  present  office,  stood  General  Perkins'  office. 
Here  is  where  he  did  so  mnoh  of  tlie  business  for  tiie  Connecticut 
Land  Company.  After  lie  had  lived  in  his  home  some  years  a 
Boston  architect  was  employed  to  make  some  changes.  At  that 
time  this  architect  built  the  house  now  occupied  by  .).  P.  Oilbert, 
at  the  corner  of  ^Mahoning  avenue  and  Monroe  street.  .Vfter 
Mrs.  Perkins'  death,  the  homestead  was  closed  for  a  numlier  of 
years  and  about  1870  it  was  moved  onto  the  farm  udw  owned 
by  the  Perkins  estate,  in  Howland,  just  outside  tiie  city  limits. 
The  front  is  substantially  the  same  now  as  then,  but  it  has  an 
addition.    It  is  in  tine  repair. 

One  of  the  other  early  houses  still  standing  is  that  known 
as  the  Southwortli  house,  standing  on  the  corner  of  Chestnut 
and  South  streets.  This  was  built  prior  to  ISKi,  was  occupied 
by  Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Silas  Southwortli.  Their  nei)liew,  Silas  Davis, 
still  lives  in  Trumbull  County. 

Epliraim  Quinby's  tirst  house  stood  on  the  site  of  the  Erie 
depot,  and  was  of  logs ;  the  second  house  was  a  frame  one,  or  at 
least  partially  frame,  and  stood  on  the  lot  occiipied  by  Mrs.  Gif- 
ford  on  Highland  Avenue,  while  the  Quinby  home  familiar  to 
the  people  of  today  was  erected  by  Samuel  Quinby  at  rather 
early  date  and  stands  on  the  high  point  of  land  at  the  head  of 
Highland  avenue,  known  until  recently  as  "Quinby  Hill."  It  is 
now  the  ]n-operty  of  John  Long,  who  has  lived  all  his  life  in 
Warren,  and  whose  father  lived  here  before  him. 

Another  old  house  is  that  standing  on  the  northeast  corner 
of  Main  and  South  streets.  This  was  known  as  the  old  Free- 
man home.  It  was  built  by  Judge  Francis  Freeman,  occupied 
later  by  his  daughter,  Olive  Freeman  Eatlitf ,  by  his  son,  Samuel 
L.  Freeman,  and  lias  since  been  used  largely  as  a  boarding 
house.  The  brick  house  standing  at  the  east  of  the  Freeman 
bouse  was  built,  about  1848,  for  Samuel  L.  Freeman  and  occu- 
pied by  him  before  moving  into  the  house  on  the  corner.  All  of 
these  homesteads  in  this  part  of  the  city  depreciated  in  value 
and  were  sold  by  the  owners  after  the  ^Eahoning  Bailroad  was 
established,  the  noise  and  the  dirt  making  this  section  of  the 
town  undesirable  as  a  residence  section. 

Three  of  the  old  one-story  wooden  schoolhouses  are  still 
standing.  That  known  as  the  north  school  is  on  the  rear  of  Mrs. 
Eunice  Hawkins'  lot  next  to  the  Prospect  street  schoolhouse. 
The  one  on  East  High  street  was  moved  to  the  rear  of  General 
Eatlitf 's  lot  at  the  time  he  erected  his  brick  dwelling  and  became 


lis  11IST()1!Y   OF  ■ri.TMIUI.L  ('OrXiV 

])art  111'  tlu'  .stal)le.  Tlie  FtiUou  street  huildiiig  now  stands  on 
C'liutou  street,  is  used  as  a  dwelling  and  is  o^\^led  by  Mrs.  Beahr. 

The  lionse  on  tlie  sontlieast  corner  of  Park  and  High  streets, 
formerly  tlic  iKunestcad  of  .lolin  Harsh,  was  erected  in  the 
neigliborho(Kl  of  ISi^d.  Its  arciiilectnre  was  tlie  conuiion  one  for 
hrick  honses  of  that  day.  Tin-  lot  on  which  it  stands  is  one  of 
the  most  desiral>le  in  the  city. 

The  home  of  Lewis  Hoyt,  uii  South  street,  now  owned  by 
liis  daughters,  Annie  and  Abbie,  was  built  in  18JU.  Oliver 
Brooks'  house  stood  within  a  block  of  the  Hoyt  house^  on  the 
north  side  of  the  same  street.  This  was  one  of  the  early 
hospitable  homes.  A  few  years  since  it  was  moved  to  the  rear 
t)f  the  lot,  and  now  stands  where  it  can  be  seen  from  Park 
avenue,  and  back  of  the  house  which  the  Seelys  early  occupied. 

Mr.  Lewis  AI.  Iddings  in  c(mtributing  "Sketch  of  the  Early 
Days  of  Warren"  to  the  "Mahoning  Valley  Ohio  Historical  Col- 
lection," made  a  ma])  which  is  so  interesting  and  so  accurate 
that  we  are  repi-oducing  ir  here.  ]\lr.  Tddiugs  is  consular  agent 
(practiually  minister)  to  Kgy|)t,  and  is  so  far  distant  that  we 
cannot  ask  his  permission.  He  is  greatly  interested  in  the  old- 
time  historx  because  of  his  family  connection,  and  we  feel  sure 
will  l)e  glad  to  have  tin-  leaders  of  this  history  in  possession  of 
this  information,  especially  as  the  volume  above  referred  to  is 
out  of  jirint  and  this  infonnation  should  be  preserved. 

In  the  following  ex])lanations,  which  correspond  with  the 
numbers  on  tlie  map,  the  .streets  are  called  by  names,  familiar 
to  us  now,  although  they  were  originally  numbered — Main  street 
being  No.  1.  High  street  No.  2,  Market  street  No.  3,  South  street 
No.  4,  Liberty  street  (Park  avenue)  No.  5.  Mahoning  avenue 
was  considered  to  be  only  a  continuation  of  No.  1.  But  neither 
numl)ers  nor  names  were  often  used  for  many  years.  As  is 
the  case  in  smaller  places  today,  in  familiar  conversation,  local- 
ities were  known  by  (he  names  of  the  persons  li^•ing  in  the 
neighborhood. 

1.  Mill  nnd  dam,  but  by  Lane  and  l)all>-  in  1S(I2,  owned 
in  ISp;  by  Mr.  .lames  [j.  VanOoi-der. 

:!.  The  Ilein\'  Lane  house,  now  owned  and  occu]iied  by 
Win.  il.  IJaldwin. 

.'!.     The  house  of  Mrs.  Rowe. 

4.     House  of  Mr.  Jacob  Harsh. 

.").     House  in  which,  at  one  time,  lived  a  Mr.  McParland. 


MAP  Op 


DRAWN  AND  COMPILED 


HLSTOm'  OF  TRl'MBULL  COUNTY  11!) 

(\     House  of  Gen.  {Simon  Perkins   (the  lioiiie  of  Eliza   P>. 
Perkins  now  is  here). 

7.  House  built  by  George  Phelps. 

8.  House  and  blaeksmith-sliop  of  Mr.  lieeves. 

S*.     IjOo-  house  built  by  ]\Ir.  James  Scott,  and  torn  down  a 

short  time  since.     For  many  years  it  was  covered 

u\)  in  the  (Jraeter  House. 
111.      House  of  Dr.  John  B.  Harmon,  now  occupied  by   Dr. 

.lulian  Flarmon. 
n.     House  of  Mr.  George  Parsons;  a  new  house  in  181(5,  or 

built  so  soon  thereaftei'  that  it  is  with  ])ropriety 

placed  on  the  ma]"). 

12.  The  jail. 

13.  House  of  Mr.  .lames  Scott. 

14.  House  of  Mr.  David  I5ell. 

15.  Cabin  of  "John  Jerrodell." 

l(i.  House  and  office  of  Judge  Pease;  house  still  stands. 

17.  House  of  Mr.  Richard  Iddings. 

18.  House  of  (4eorge  ^fuil  (  !). 

19.  House  of  .INIaric  Wescott. 

I'd.  Foundations  of  tlie  old  Western  Reserve  Bank  building. 

L'l.  House  and  store  of  Asael  Adams,  where  the  Franklin 

Block  now  is. 

'2'2.  The  "Shook"  lu)use. 

'2'A.  House  of  j\lrs.  AL'Williams. 

24.  A  shop  kept  by ,  occupied  by  ;\Ii-.  Uhl. 

25.  House  of  Capt.  Oliver  Brooks ;  still  stands. 

26.  House  of  Mr.  Thomas  I).  Webb;  in  good  repair;  occu- 

]ned  by  Elizabeth,  Wm.  and  Frank  Iddings.  This 
house  was  Imilt  in  1807  by  [Mr.  John  S.  Edwards, 
and  is  probably  the  oldest  building  in  Warren, 
unless  46  is  older. 

27.  House  of  ^h-.  Hake;  still  stands. 

28.  House  of  Jonathan  Rankin. 

'29.     House    and    tanueiy     (in    the    rear)     of    ]\rr.    James 

Quigley. 
80.     House  of  Elihu  Spencer, 
ol.     House  of  Mr.  Zebina  Weatherbee. 

32.  House  of  Mr.  Samuel  Chesney. 

33.  A  store  occupied  at  one  time  by  ]\Ir.  A\'m.  Bell  and  Mr. 

James  Quigley. 

34.  "Castle  William,"  or  the  Cotgreave  house. 


120  HISTORY  OF  TETJMBULL  COUNTY 

35.  For  many  years  the  site  of  the  first  hotel  in  the  place. 

36.  In  1816  probabl.v  a  hatter's  shop;  afterward  a  store 

kept  by  Judge  King. 

37.  Four  stores  in  which  Wheeler  Lewis,  the  Quinl^ys  and 

the  Austins  were  in  business. 

38.  House  of  Judge  Calvin  Austin. 
"39.     House  of  Tony  Carter. 

40.  House  of  ^Iv.  Jeduthen  Eawdon. 

41.  The  Western  Reserve  Bank.      (Union  National  Bank 

now.) 
42      Little   log   house,    in   w^hich    Geo.   Loveless    proliably 
opened  the  first  store  in  Warren. 

43.  The  Leavitt  House,  for  many  years  a  hotel  and  hxter 

known  as  the  AValter  King  place. 

44.  Building,  probably  erected  by  Mr.  Adamson  Bentley, 

and  in  which  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business. 
From  this  building  the  first  number  of  the  Trump 
of  Fame,  now  the  Westeru  Reserve  Chronicle. 
was  issued  in  1812. 

45.  House  in  which,  in  1816,  lived  Mr.  Jeremiah  Brooks 

(great-uncle  of  Mr.  James  Brooks).  It  was  built 
l)y  Mr.  Ephraim  Quinby  during  the  first  summer 
he  was  here,  in  1799.  Attached  to  it  was  the  first 
jail  in  Trumbull  County.  In  front  of  it  (b)  were 
the  corncribs  between  w'hich  the  first  court  was 
held. 

46.  House   of  Judge  Francis   Freeman,  now   the   eastern 

end  of  the  Austin  House. 

47.  Mill  and  carding  machine.     This  last  had  just  been 

erected  by  I^evi  Hadley,  and  was  sold  in  this  year 
to  ]\Ir.  Benj.  Stevens. 

48.  House  of  one  Morrow. 

49.  House  of  James  Ellis. 

50.  House  of  Mr.  Burnett. 
5L     House  of  Mr.  Quinby. 

52.     The  "old  court-house,''  then  in  an  unfinished  state. 
a,  b  and  c  are  explained  on  the  map. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


Ear].y  Letteks. — First  ^Jaii.  Koute. — Fiest  Postmaster. — Gkx. 
Perkins   and    Mail    Koutes. — Eleazer    Uilson. — Asael 
Adams  as  Mail  Carrier. — Carrying  Bullets  to 
Gen.     Perkins. — Advertised     List. — List 
OE  AVaruen  Postmasters. — Presi- 
dential Office. 

After  the  Connecticut  suiveyois  were  really  hard  at  work 
in  1796  the  general  tone  of  their  diaries  and  notes  is  that  of 
indifference  or  seriousness.  They  show  the  greatest  joy  at  the 
aii])earance  of  a  i)rosi)ector  or  at  the  return  of  some  member  of 
theii-  i)arty  from  Buffalo  bringing  them  letters. 

These  early  letters,  folded  without  stamp  or  envelope,  are 
dark  with  age  and  fairly  worn  out  from  the  handling  in  re-read- 
ing at  that  time.  The  ver>-  Hi'st  settlers  for  months  at  a  time 
had  no  way  of  knowing  whether  their  family  and  friends  k^ft 
back  home  were  dead  or  alive. 

As  soon  as  a  viMage  or  hamlet  ajipeared  the  thing  most 
wanted,  despite  the  fact  that  they  had  to  send  away  for  most  of 
their  luxuries,  was  the  estal)lishnient  of  mail  service. 

In  April.  18()L  Elijali  "Wadsworth  of  Caufield  aiiplied  to 
Gideon  Granger,  ]iostmaster-general,  for  the  establishment  of 
a  mail  route  between  L^ittsbnrg  and  Warren.  The  reply  was 
sent  to  "Ca]3tain  Elijah  Wa<lswortli,  Warren,  in  the  Connecticut 
Eeserve,  near  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania.  If  Captain  Wadsworth 
should  not  be  in  Pittsburg.  J)oct.  iScott  is  requested  to  fonvard 
this  by  private  hand."  Altliongh  this  request  of  Captain  AVads- 
wortli's  was  granted,  the  rtrst  deli\'ery  of  mail  in  Wai'ren  was 
Octolier  oOth,  that  same  year.  General  Simon  Perkins  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster  in  1801.  He  held  the  place  twenty-eight 
years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  IMathew  Birchard.  In  18tl7  IMr. 
Perkins,  at  the  request  of  Postmaster-General  Granger,  explored 
the  mail  roirte  between  Detroit  and  Cleveland.     In  a  letter  to 

121 


riV  IIISTOKY   OK  Tl!r.MJ'.L'Li>  COLXTV 

lion.  Elislia  Whittlesey,  lie  says,  "On  the  tour  1  was  ol)liged  to 
go  ont  of  the  way  to  find  a  mail  carrier,  and  I  do  not  now  recollect 
how  long  T  was  in  getting  to  Cleveland ;  l)ut  from  there  to  Detroit 
it  was  six  days,  all  good  weather  and  no  delay.  There  were  no 
roads  or  bridges  or  ferry  boats.  I  do  not  recollect  how  I  crossed 
the  C'nyahoga,  but  at  Black  River,  Huron,  Sandusky  and  Mau- 
mee,  in  any  time  of  high  water,  the  horse  swam  alongside  of  a 
canoe.  In  the  RIack  Swani])  the  water  must  have  been  from  two 
to  six  inches  deep  for  many  miles.  The  settlements  were  a  house 
at  Black  Kiver,  perhaps  two  at  Huron,  two  at  Sandusky,  ten  or 
tifteen  at  Wai'reu.  and  a  very  good  settlement  at  River  Raisin." 
Mr.  Pei'kins  had  a  consuUatioii  with  the  Indians,  in  which  he 
asked  ])ermission  to  make  a  ruad,  repaii-  it,  sell  land  for  that 
purjiose,  and  wanted  the  land  a  mile  wide  on  each  side  of  it  for 
the  government.  The  Indians  gi'anted  his  request.  General 
Perkins  was  a  very  busy  man,  and  could  not  attend  personally 
to  the  detail  of  i)ostoffice  work.  Among  the  men  who  served  as 
his  deputies  were  John  Leavitt,  who  kei)t  a  boarding  house  at 
the  corner  of  Main  and  Market  streets ;  (reorge  Phelps,  who  lived 
where  the  Henry  Smith  homestead  now  is;  George  Parsons,  Sam- 
uel Quinby  and  Samuel  Chesney.  Samuel  Chesney  ])robably  held 
the  position  the  longest  of  any  of  the  men.  The  mail  route  when 
tirst  established  ran  from  Pittsburg  ti)  Beaver,  Georgetown,  Can- 
tield,  Voungstown  and  Warren.  The  distance  was  eighty-six 
miles.  Calvin  I'ease  wr.s  postmaster  at  Youngstown  and  Elijah 
WadsAvorth  at  Cantield. 

Elea/.or  (iilson  was  awarded  the  tirst  contract  to  carry  the 
mail.  He  was  ])aid  three  dollars  and  fifty  cents  a  mile,  by  the 
year,  counting  the  distance  one  way.  His  son  Samuel  was,  how- 
evei-,  the  real  nuiil  earlier,  and  walked  the  entire  route  often. 
The  mail  was  iiot  then  heavy,  and  was  sometimes  carried  in  a 
bit  of  cotton  cloth.  Warren  was  for  two  years  the  terminus  of 
this  mail  route.  It  was  then  extended  to  Cleveland.  Joseph 
Burke  of  Euclid  had  the  contract  and  his  two  sons  did  most  of 
the  woik,  alternately.  Their  route  was  Cleveland,  Hudson,  Ea- 
\cniia.  l)e<Mfield,  Warren,  Mesojiotamia,  Windsor,  Jefferson, 
Austinhurg,  Har])ersfield,  Painesville,  Cleveland.  They  often 
walked,  sometimes  rode,  crossed  small  streams  on  logs  when  pos- 
sible, but  sometimes  swam  their  horses  or  plunged  into  the 
streams  themselves. 

Up  to  the  time  of  the  stage  coach  the  experiences  of  the  letter 
carrier  differed  little.     To  be  sure,  towards  the  end  the  roads 


nls'l'()l;^'  (»F  TiMMHrLi,  coixtv  123 

were  liettcr.  tlic  litmses  nearer  togetlier,  there  was  less  danger 
from  wild  aniinals  and  from  Indians,  but,  on  the  other  liand.  the 
mails  were  heavier,  the  sto))s  oftenei-,  and  tlie  time  consnnied, 
eonse(|nently,  as  h)n,n. 

Ml-.  W'hitth'sey  .\dams,  the  son  of  .\sael  .\<lams  Ji-.,  wlio  is 
(■oiixci'sant  with  the  early  history  of  'rnmihuli  ( 'ounty,  has  i)re- 
]iare(l  ihe  foHowiiii;'  at  the  re(|nest  of  tlie  editor  in  regard  to  his 
fatiier's  niai l-ca rryini;-  days. 

.\saei  .\daHis  ,1 1-.  (if  Warren,  who  tan.i;ht  srhodi  in  ( 'ieve- 
huid  in  ISO.").  (•arr!e<!  the  Tnited  States  mail  on  liorsel)aek 
ilnrini;-  thr  \\ a r  of  1^12  and  ISl.'i,  two  xcars,  from  Cleveland 
to  i'ittslin.r.i;.  lie  lef)  I'itt shnr.y'  e\<'ry  Fiiday  at  (>:(»()  a.  m.. 
arri\'ed  al  ( ireersluir,^,  Pennsylvania,  iiy  ,"):(l(l  \>.  ni.,  left  at 
')  :.'!ll  p.  Ml.,  anix'ed  at  (.'antleld  (Hi  Salnrday  liy  (i  :<)()  p.  m.,  and 
ai'ri\ed  at  ('iex'eiand  on  .Monday  li\  l():(l(l  a.  m.  TlK'n,  re- 
tniiiini;.  he  left  Cleveland  every  Monday  at  2:0(1  p.  m., 
ai-rived  at  Canfield  on  Wednesday  hy  ():(!()  a.  ni.,  left  at  7:00 
a.  ni..  arrixcd  at  ( Jicershurg' the  same  da>'  hy  ():00  p.  nr,  left 
at  7  :0()  p.  111. ;  arrived  at  Pittshnrg  on  Tlinrsda>'  hy  (1:00  p.  m. 

On  his  loop  ronte  from  Pittslmi'g  to  ( 'leveland,  he 
stnp])ed  at  the  mily  postoftices  at  that  time  on  the  route, 
which  were,  tirsi.  l)ea\-er  'i'own.  Xi'w  Lishon.  ( 'anfield,  Deer- 
Held,  ilartland.  i>a\-eiina.  iindsdii  and  (lallatin  to  Cle^'e- 
laiitl.  and  then  letnrning  hy  a  loop  ronte  to  Pittslmrg  In*  the 
wa\  of  .\nrora,  Mantna,  Palmyra,  Canfield,  New  Lislwjn, 
(ri'eerslmrg.  and  ISeaver  '^rown  to  Pittshni'o',  onee  a  week. 
He  receivecl  a  ,-alar>-  of  $lS(i  per  (piarter  of  a  year  during 
the  eontinnanre  of  his  contracl.  to  he  paid  in  drafts  on  ]30st- 
niasters  on  the  ronte.  as  ahox'e  mentioned,  or  in  money,  at 
til!'  option  of  tile  postniaster-generai.  (xideon  (Iranger.  He 
was  also  authorized  to  cai-ry  newspapers,  other  than  those 
(•on\-e\'ed  in  the  mail,  for  his  own  emolument. 

Asael  .\danis  .Ir.  of  \\'arren  had  another  mail  contract 
from  (iidcon  (iranger.  |iostmaster-general,  dated  October  18, 
isn.  to  carry  the  mail  fr(un  (Ireersburg,  Pennsylvania,  by 
the  way  of  i*oland  and  Voungstown  to  AVari'eu,  Ohio,  and 
return  with  the  mail  hy  the  same  I'onte  once  a  week,  at  the 
rate  of  ^7^i)  for  every  (juarter  of  a  year  for  the  tenn  of  three 
y^ears  and  three  months.  He  was  to  leave  Greersljurg  every 
Saturday  at  4:00  o'clock  a.  m.,  stopping  at  Poland  and 
Youngstown,  and  arriving  at  Warren  at  6:00  o'clock  p.  m. 


1-24  HISTORY  OF  TliUMUrLL  COlMY 

The  only,  postoffioes  ou  the  route  between  Greer.sburg  and 
AVarren  were  Poland  and  Youngstown.  The  said  Asael 
Adams  Jr.  was  allowed  for  his  own  emolument  to  carry 
news])apers  out  of  the  mail  if  a  printing  press  should  be 
established  on  the  route.  The  mail  route  between  Greers- 
burg  and  Warren  was  run  in  connection  with  the  above  men- 
tioned route  from  Pittsburg  to  Cleveland.  The  postmaster 
at  Warren  at  that  time  was  General  Simon  Perkins,  and  the 
postmaster  at  Canfield  was  Comfort  S.  Mygatt. 

Asael  Adams  Jr.,  the  mail  carrier,  often  while  riding- 
one  horse  with  the  mail  would  lead  another,  loaded  with 
merchandise  and  articles  from  Pittsburg  for  the  pioneers  in 
Ohio.  Dense  woods  skirted  both  sides  of  the  bad  roads  al- 
most the  whole  of  the  way  from  Pittsburg  to  Cleveland. 
Wolves,  bears  and  other  wild  animals  roamed  through  these 
great  forests,  and  often  in  the  dark  nights  made  the  lone- 
some journey  of  the  belated  mail  carrier  exceedingly  un- 
pleasant. There  were  no  bridges  over  rivers  and  streams, 
which  were  often  very  high.  He  would  fasten  the  mail  bag 
about  his  shoulders  and  swim  his  horse  over  the  swollen 
rivers,  often  wet  to  the  skin,  and  not  a  house  within  several 
miles  distance.  The  pioneers  at  Warren  and  Youngstown 
and  other  places  along  the  route  would  often  order  Asael 
Adams  to  jjurchase  goods  and  merchandise  for  them  in 
Pittsburg,  which  he  would  do,  charging  them  for  the  money 
expended  and  for  liringing  the  goods  to  the  pioneers. 

Asael  Adams  Jr.,  while  mail  carrier,  has  in  his  account 
book  Xo.  2  the  following  items  charged,  to-wit : 

Tliomas  D.  Webb   (Editor  of  the  Trump  of  Fume).  Dr. 

To  Imying  at  Pittsburg  a  keg  of  printer  "s  ink  and  bringing  it  to  War- 
ren, $2.75. 

To  putting  up  newspapers  one  niglit,  ST^i;  cents. 

To  one  loaf  sugar,  $2.25. 

To  paid  J.  W.  Snowden  for  printer's  ink.  $12.00. 
Leonard  Case. 

To  leading  horse  from  Pittsburg,  $1.50. 

To  carriage  of  saddle  from  Pittsburg,  .50. 

To  balance  for  saddle,  $4."5. 

To  2  boxes  of  wafers,  12  cents. 

To  1  circingle,  $1.00. 
George  Tod. 

To  Duane's  Dictionary,  $6.75. 

To  carriage  of  boots,  50  cents. 

To  map  of  Canada,  $1.00. 
Camden  Cleaveland. 

To  one  large  grammar,  $1.00. 

One  lb.  tobacco  and  one  almanac,  371-.  cents. 


msToiiV   OF  ■I'lMMliCIJ.  COUNTY  125 

Tobacco  ami  powder,  37  cents. 
James  Scott,  July  18,  1812. 

To  leading  horse  from  Pittsburg,  $1.50. 
To  three  oz.  indigo,  75  cents. 
To  martingale  hooks  and  buckle,  .$1.25. 
To  2  lbs.  tea,  .$2.00. 
Comfort    Mygatt,   July    18,    1812. 
To  one  sword,  $13.00. 
To  one  watch  key,  $1.00. 
To  )Hiwdpr  and  shot,  $1.50, 

Tlie  foregoing  are  only  a  few  of  the  entries  nia<le  in 
at'eount  book  No.  '2  of  Asael  Adams,  tiie  mail  carrier. 

During  Septeml)er,  181l!,  war  was  being  waged  with  tiie 
British  and  Indians  on  the  frontier,  and  most  of  our  a))le- 
bodied  men  were  away  from  home  in  the  brigade  under  the 
command  of  General  Simon  Perkins  in  the  defense  of  the 
Maumee  valley.  General  Perkins  sent  word  to  Warren  that 
■  his  soldiers  were  without  bullets  and  to  send  a  supply  of  bul- 
lets immediately.  The  ladies  of  AVarren  promptly  moulded 
the  lead  into  Imllets,  jind  Asael  Adams  Jr.,  who  had  just  re- 
tuined  from  an  all  day's  ride  from  Pittsburg  carrying  the 
mail,  but  who  was  caitable  and  willing  to  undertake  the  jour- 
ney, started  at  once,  without  waiting  for  sleep,  to  carry  on 
horseback  a  bushel  of  leaden  bullets  through  the  dense  for- 
ests to  the  aid  of  General  Perkins'  brigade. 

Asael  Adams  Jr.  was  born  in  Canterbury,  Connecticut, 
in  July,  1786,  and  came  with  his  father,  Asael  Adams  Sr., 
to  Liberty  township,  Trumbull  County,  ()hio,  in  1800,  with 
his  brother-in-law,  Camden  Cleaveland,  a  brother  of  ]Moses 
Cleaveland. 

Numerous  descendants  and  relatives  of  the  persons 
named  in  the  foregoing  article  now  reside  in  Warren,  Cleve- 
land and  Youngstuwn.  We  mention  a  few  only  of  the  names, 
as  follows : 

Mrs.  Mary  Perkins  Lawton.  Miss  Lucy  Hoyt. 

Mrs.  Thomas  H.  Brieiiv.  Miss  Annie  Hovt. 

Mrs.  Wm."B.  Kirkpatrick.  ^Irs.  Polly  W.  Eeid. 

Mrs.  Sarah  H.  VanGorder.  Miss  Harriet  Stevens. 

George  VanGorder.  Henry  Q.  Stiles. 

Miss  Olive  Smith.  ^  ^^cy  S.  Cobli. 

Miss  Eliza  S.  Smith.  Miss    Elizabeth    L.    Iddings. 

Norman  W.  Adams.  Wm.  T.  Iddings. 

Mathew  B.  Tavler.  Frank  Iddings. 


l-?(;  IIISTOHY  OF   riji.Mhri.L  COl  xty 

As  the  popiilatiou  grew  and  new  roads  were  opened  u]). 
new  postoffices  were  established  throughout  the  county.  In 
1828  Alexander  Sutherland  was  postmaster  at  Newton. 

Erastus  Lane,  of  Braceville,  a  letter  carrier  between  War- 
ren and  Cleveland,  brought  the  news  of  Hull's  surrender. 

Just  liefore  the  coming  of  the  stage  coach,  in  some  i)laces 
in  tbe  county,  mail  was  carried  by  oxen. 

With  tlie  mail  facilities  of  today,  it  is  astonishing  to  see 
the  list  of  advertised  letters  api)earing  in  the  early  newspapers. 
Letters  for  the  most  prominent  peoi)le  in  the  county  were  ad- 
vertised over  and  over  again.  It  is  still  more  astonishing  that 
the  reason  for  this  was  that  each  letter  cost  twenty-five  cents, 
and  the  owner  of  the  lettei's  sometimes  had  not  money  with 
which  to  pay  postage. 

Then,  as  now,  there  was  dissatisfaction  with  postal  -ervice; 
then  there  was  reason.  Under  the  date  of  ^larch  l(3th,  the 
editor  of  the  ]Vcsfeni  Beserrc  Cliroiiich'  complains  of  the 
wretched  condition  of  the  mails,  saying,  "Pai)ers  mailed  in 
Washington  on  the  4th  of  ^larch  were  not  received  here  until 
the  13tli.""  (Ill  .January  l',  1844,  this  same  paper  decided  to 
establish  a  jiost  route  for  distribution  of  the  Clironiclr  in 
Vienna.  Biooktield,  Hartford.  Vernon,  Kinsman,  (lustavus. 
Oreen,  Meso]K)tamia,  Farmington,  and   Bristol. 

Among  the  ])eoi>le  who  have  served  as  ]K(stmasters  in  War- 
ren are  Simon  Perkins,  Mathew  Birchard.  John  W.  ( 'ollins. 
Comfort  Patch,  Henry  Townsend,  Jetferson  Palm,  David  Tod. 
E.  E.  Wise,  B.  P.  Hoffman,  William  Hapgood,  Frank  M.  l^itezel. 
S.  B.  Palm,  .lolin  W.  Camp])ell,  George  Braden. 

The  AA'arren  jjostoffice  became  first  class  iu  lltuy;  the  salary 
of  the  postmaster  is  $3,000,  the  assistant's  ^1,500.  Rural  free 
delivery^  is  established  out  of  Warren,  Niles,  Newton  Falls,  Cort- 
land. Once  the  mail  carrier  brought  the  mail  weekly  to  the 
ca]iital  of  Trumlndl  County,  and  now,  each  day.  the  rural  car- 
liers  deliver  letters  at  the  farmer's  door. 


CHAPTKH  X\' 


ImjIAX     I 'at  J  is.  —  flllS'l-     lioAii.S. CoAiUKS. FkHKIKS. I.OTTEin". 

Canals. — I-Jait.roads. 

\\  luMi  the  Western  l-ieser\'c  l.;niil  Coinpan^'  sent  its  sur- 
veyors to  nortlid'rn  ( )liio.  there  was  not  a  roacl\va\"  in  that  whoU' 
region.  There  were  nnmltei's  of  Indian  paths  whieii  h'll  I'l'dni 
one  Indian  village  to  another,  or  from  river  to  rivei'.  and  one 
or  two  general  jiaths  from  Pittsburg  to  Cuyahoga  or  Sandusky. 
A  path  on  the  lake  shore  had  been  nsed  hy  traders,  missionaries 
and  soldiers,  and  along  this  route  the  first  road  in  gi'eater 
Trumbull  (^onuty  was  built.  When  it  entered  the  timber,  trees 
were  girdled  thiity-thi'ee  feet  each  side,  and  for  this  reason  old 
letters  and  pa|iers  always  r(d"er  to  it  as  "the  girdled  road." 

The  Indians  us(jd  the  creeks  and  streams  when  it  was  i)rac- 
tieal.  but  the  most  of  their  travel  was  (huu'  on  foot.  From  a 
map  drawn  by  Heckewelder  in  17J*(i  we  find  nuuiercuis  Indian 
l)atbs.  The  one  running  from  Pittslun-g  to  the  Salt  Spring  dis- 
trict is  the  same  as  i;i\-en  in  all  early  letters  and  documents 
which  mention  i-oads  and  paths.  This  path  lies  at  an  anyle  of 
about  forty-five  degrees;  noith  of  Salt  S])rin,iis  it  turns  diiectly 
west,  and  assumes  a  northwestern  direction  uidil  it  reaches  the 
Moravian  village  which  iu  17Si)  stond  ou  the  east  side  n\'  the 
Cuyahoga,  not  far  from  the  mouth. 

This  Heckewelder  map  iu  man>"  \va>s  is  inaccurate,  iiut, 
since  the  Moravians  were  \itall>"  interested  in  and  dex'oted  to 
the  Indians,  and  knew  so  unich  of  their  lives  and  habits,  we 
believe  that  these  Indian  paths  are  cori'ectlv  dejiicted. 

So  far  as  we  know,  the  second  road  of  any  distance  iu  old 
TrumlniU  County  was  laid  out  by  Turhand  Kirtland.  It  started 
in  Poland,  followed  rather  closely  the  Indian  path  to  Salt 
Springs,  thence  into  Warren,  and  north  on  what  is  now  Ma- 
honing avenue.  In  Champion  it  turned  oil'  to  the  west  above  the 
Poor  Farm,  led  through  Southington,  Xelson,  Paikmau,  (J rand 
Bivei'.     Over  this   road  tlie  Indians  walkeil,   the  eai'iy  settlers 

127 


]-\s  IllS'l'Oi;^-   OF  TKIMBULL  COL'XTY 

weut  on  liorsebaek,  and  the  first  stage  coaches  sometimes  rattled 
and  sometimes  plowed  the  mud.  It  was  at  different  times  known 
as  the  ])lank  road,  the  turnpike,  the  state  road.  Today  part  of 
it  is  covered  with  macadam,  and  automobiles  fly  over  it  in  races 
between  Pittsburg  and  Cleveland. 

Every  mile  of  this  road  surveyed  by  Kirtland  is  not  posi- 
tively known.  For  instance,  on  Mahoning  avenue  it  lay  further 
to  the  west  than  it  does  now,  and  this  deviation  might  have  been 
true  in  many  other  jslaces.  Of  course  changes  were  necessarj' 
as  land  was  sold,  fenced  and  lines  straightened.  However,  in 
all  the  early  diaries,  mention  is  made  of  going  by  road  to 
Young's,  then  to  Salt  Springs,  stopping  at  Quinby's  in  number 
4,  and  very  often  at  Mills',  which  was  in  Nelson. 

As  the  common  highways  in  Trumbull  County  have  become 
"good  roads"  because  of  the  agitation  of  the  bicycle  rider  and 
automobile  OT\Tier,  so  did  the  old  Indian  paths,  because  of  the 
settlers,  because  of  the  mail  carrier,  and  because  of  the  neces- 
sity of  commerce,  grow  better  and  better,  although  even  until 
very  recently  at  certain  seasons  they  were  at  times  almost  im- 
passable. The  ox-cart  was  after  a  time  replaced  by  a  stout 
wagon.  In  the  beginning  these  wagons  had  boards  laid  across 
for  seats,  and  canvas  tops  for  covers,  and  people  rode  between 
Pittsburg  and  Cleveland  in  these  uncomfortable  conveyances. 

A  little  later  the  coaches,  rather  small  and  uncomfortable, 
l)ut  on  between  points  where  travel  was  heaviest,  were  drawn 
by  two  horses.  In  pleasant  weather  they  appeared  on  time,  but 
in  a  greater  part  of  the  year  they  were  irregular.  An  early 
advertisement  in  the  old  papers  is  to  the  etTect  that  "four  horses 
will  be  used  on  coaches  to  insure  punctuality."  A  little  later 
the  big  stage  coach,  with  the  swinging  springs  and  upholstered 
interior,  with  place  for  the  baggage  on  the  back,  came  into  use. 
These  conveyances  were  very  comfortable  in  pleasant  weather, 
and  many  a  pleasant  hour  has  been  passed  among  friends,  and 
many  good  acquaintances  made  during  stage-coach  trips.  When 
the  weather  was  bad  the  circumstances  were  different.  The  men 
passengers  (lady  i)assengers  were  few)  were  often  obliged  not 
only  to  get  out  and  walk  but  to  assist  in  prying  the  wheels  from 
out  the  half-frozen  mud. 

All  through  old  Trumbull  County  may  l)e  seen  at  this  day 
1)1(1  weatherbeaten  buildings,  sometimes  deserted,  which  show 
by  the  wide  ])orch,  the  tall  pillars,  that  they  were  taverns  where 
the  stage  coach  stopped  either  for  change  of  horses,  for  pas- 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 

OLD    STAGE    COACH. 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  129 

sengers.  or  for  meals.  The  coming  of  the  stage  coach,  announced 
by  the  blowing  of  a  horn,  was  an  event  in  manj-  communities. 
The  drivers  were  often  men  of  strong  and  peculiar  characters 
about  many  of  Avhom  strange  and  humorous  tales  are  told.  A 
mile  before  a  town  was  reached  they  would  liegin  the  tooting  of 
the  horn,  and  men  would  leave  their  business,  children  their 
l>lay  or  study,  and  sometimes  the  women  their  liomes,  to  gather 
around  the  coach  when  it  drove  to  the  tavern,  that  they  might 
see  who  had  arrived,  who  was  to  depart,  and  to  learn  tlie  news 
from  the  outside  world. 

In  the  ))eginning  the  coach  lines  were  short,  Init  grew  in 
length  as  the  territory  settled.  The  route  was  often  circuitous, 
to  take  in  the  villages  of  importance.  People  going  from  Pitts- 
burg to  Cleveland  came  to  Warreu,  then  liaveuna,  etc.  To  go 
hve  miles  or  more  out  of  the  direct  line  was  not  noticed.  It  was 
passengers  they  were  after,  and  they  nmst  be  gotten  from  hamlet 
and  town.  Under  the  most  favorable  circumstances  the  coach 
between  Warren  and  Ravenna  could  be  run  in  three  hours. 
There  are.  however,  people  living  in  Warren  today  who  have  left 
Kavenna  at  eight  or  nine  o'clock  in  the  nioniing  and  not  reached 
AVarren  till  after  the  darkness  had  settled  down. 

As  the  coach  lines  became  more  numerous,  peo^jle  traveled 
b\'  horseliack  or  wagon  from  one  line  to  another,  or  from  their 
town  to  a  line  many  miles  distant,  if  they  wanted  to  take  an 
unusual  trip. 

The  following  people  petitioned  the  legislature  in  1815  to 
in('iiij)orate  a  company  to  make  a  turnpike  road  from  Warren 
ti>  ])oints  along  the  fourth  range  of  townships  to  Lake  Ei'ie: 
Benj.  Ijane.  Se>Tnour  Austin,  James  Quigley,  Isaac  TIeaton, 
John  Hayes,  Jeremiah  Brooks,  Mark  Wescott,  John  Dennison, 
E.  Quinby,  AVm.  Anderson,  Geo.  Parsons,  Francis  Freeman, 
Earlier  King,  A.  McKinney,  Calvin  Pease,  Elihu  Spenser,  Ileze- 
kiah  Knapp,  E.  B.  Clark,  Daniel  Bell,  Samuel  Quinby,  Linus 
Tracy,  Mark  Leavitt,  Eliliu  Whitney,  Leonard  Case,  Simon 
Perkins,  Zalmon  Fitch,  Adamson  Bentley,  John  Leavitt  and 
Thomas  AVebb. 

This  recpiest  was  granted,  and  the  action  of  this  company 
is  on  record.  Francis  Freeman  Avas  the  treasurer.  Tliose  hav- 
ing it  in  charge  were  exceedingly  painstaking  in  their  work,  held 
meetings  often,  sometimes  in  AVarren,  sometimes  at  the  home 
of  E]:)hraim  Brown  in  North  Bloomfield,  and  sometimes  farther 
up  the  line.  This  long,  almost  straight  road  from  Lake  Erie  south 


130  HISl'OKY   OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

through  Bloomfield,  Bristol,  Champion,  Warren,  was  one  of 
the  best  roads  Old  Tmnibull  County  had.  Later  this  was  planked 
at  least  part  of  the  way.  Between  Warren  and  Bloomfield  (fif- 
teen miles)  there  was  ten  miles  of  plank  road.  Toll  gates  were 
established ;  one  of  them  was  just  north  of  Warren,  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  the  present  "Poor  Farm";  another  one  was  in 
Bristol.  The  writer  remembers  to  have  ridden  by  the  gate  in 
Champion  when  a  child  in  the  late  sixties,  but  whether  they  were 
exacting  toll  at  that  time  or  not  she  can  not  remember.  In  1818 
the  legislature  was  asked  to  allow  a  road  to  be  made  from  Kins- 
man to  Cleveland  via  Bloomfield. 

The  first  supervisor  of  highwa.\'s  in  old  Trumbull  County 
was  Thomas  Packard,  a  brother  of  AVilliam  Packard  and  an 
imcle  of  Ellen  Packard  Campbell,  now  living  in  Warren.  It 
seems  strange  that  AVilliam  J),  and  J.  W.  Packard,  who  were 
among  those  responsible,  because  of  their  automobile  factory, 
for  the  good  roads  of  Trumbull  County,  should  lie  the  great- 
nephews  of  this  first  supervisor. 

In  1848,  when  Seabury  Ford  was  nominated  for  governor 
at  Columbus,  some  of  the  delegates  going  to  that  meeting  had 
the  hardest  coaching  trip  of  their  lives.  The  two  youngest  mem- 
bers of  that  convention  were  Jacol)  B.  Perkins  of  Warren  and 
Ezra  B.  Taylor  of  Ravenna.  They  went  part  of  the  way  by 
<'oach,  part  of  the  way  by  wagon.  It  was  Feln'uary.  Many  times 
they  got  out  and  w^alked,  and,  finally,  when  within  eleven  miles 
of  Columbus,  plastered  with  frozen  mud  and  dirt,  they  aban- 
doned the  coach  and  walked  in. 

The  first  stage  coach  running  between  Erie  and  Cleveland 
was  in  1818. 

On  Septemb.er  27,  1827,  an  advertisement  appeared  in  the 
Westeni  Reaerve  Cliroidch'  showing  that  the  stages,  which  had 
.  been  running  from  Warren  to  Youngstown,  via  Brookfield  and 
Salem,  to  Erie,  were  then  extended  to  Dunl^irk. 

In  1828  the  fare  on  the  stage  coach  from  Warren  to  Youngs- 
town was  50  cents,  and  from  Warren  to  Fairport  was  $1.75. 
"Now  and  Then,"  in  the  Chronicle,  says  that  when  Paltzgroff. 
Shoenberger,  Fulk  kept  the  hotel  which  then  stood  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Main  and  South  streets,  there  were  as  many  as  eight 
coaches  a  day  running  from  Ashtabula  to  Wellsville,  and  they 
stopped  at  this  hotel  for  meals. 

If  any  reader  does  not  sympathize  with  the  movement  to 
save  the  American  forests,  he  has  only  to  study  the  history  of  a 


(Photo    by    Andrews    from     sketch    of   John  W.   Bell.) 


THE   OLD  COVERED  BRIDGE  ON   SOUTH   STREET  AND  THE 

BROKEN  TRESTLE  OF  THE  MAHONING  RAILROAD, 

IN    THE    '70s. 


HISTOKY  OF  TJ!l\MBULL  COUXTY  131 

small  portion  of  the  United  States  to  see  how  the  i-uttini;-  of  the 
timber  atTects  the  size  of  rivers,  consequently  traiis|iortation, 
and  prosperity  generally. 

In  180G  the  Legislature  declared  the  Mahoning  river  navi- 
gable to  Newton  Falls.  In  1829,  navigable  to  Wan-en.  "Flat 
boats  were  paddled  frt)ni  I'ittsburg  as  far  as  Warren  in  all  sea- 
sons easily,  except  at  two  or  three  shoals,  where  light  lifting 
was  needed." 

The  early  settlers  had  no  roads,  no  bridges.  When  they 
came  to  the  stream  they  waded  or  swam.  After  a  time  enter- 
prising men,  at  the  jilaces  where  the  road  crossed  the  river,  car- 
ried passengers  on  flat  boats  for  money.  In  the  auditor's  office 
of  Trumbiall  County  we  find  the  following: 

"At  the  general  meeting  of  the  board  of  commissioners 
in  and  for  the  County  of  Trumbull  it  was  ordered  that  the 
sales  for  ferry  license  for  the  year  1811  shall  be  $4.00,  and 
the  pay  allowed  to  receive  for  ferriage  for  each  man  and 
horse  12iv:  cents,  and  614  cents  for  each  man  or  woman,  50 
cents  for  loaded  wagon  and  team,  37Y_>  cents  for  every  other 
four-wheeled  carriage,  18  cents  for  an  empty  cart  and  team 
or  sled  or  sleigh  and  team,  5  cents  for  every  horse,  mare, 
mule  or  head  of  neat  cattle,  and  IVl;  cents  for  each  head  of 
sheep  and  hogs. 

"Wm.  McCombs.  Clerk." 

Today  there  are  about  twenty-five  bridges  spanning  the 
Mahoning  river  in  Trumlnill  County.  This  number  does  not  in- 
clude railroad  bridges.  All  creeks  and  rivulets  have  small 
bridges  and  sluice  ways. 

The  early  settlers  soon  learned  that  because  of  the  nature 
of  the  soil  and  the  heavy  timl)er,  roads  might  have  impassal)le 
places  even  in  the  summer  time,  and  that  the  easiest  way  to 
travel  was  by  stream  where  it  was  possible.  Therefore  in  1807 
they  decided  to  take  some  action  for  improving  watei'U'ays  or 
constructing  new  ones. 

They  determined  to  improve  the  Cuyahoga  and  Tuscarawas 
rivers,  thus  forming  a  means  of  communication  between  Lake 
Erie  and  the  Ohio.  They  were  to  dredge,  clear  and  deei)en  the 
rivers,  make  a  road  so  good  between  the  two  that  loaded  wagons 
could  be  driven  over  it.  The  estimated  cost  for  this  was  $12,000, 
and  the  legislature  sanctioned  it,  but  did  not  provide  for  taxa- 


135  JliyTOllY  or  TIM'.AIJULL  COUNTY 

tion.  allowiug  instead  the  ruiiniug  of  a  lottery  Ijv  which  the 
funds  c'onld  be  raised.  There  did  not  seem  to  be  any  question 
about  this  being  the  proper  thing  to  do,  and  the  men  who  had 
rharge  of  it  were  among  the  most  influential  citizens.  They  were 
►Samuel  Huntington,  Amos  Spatford,  John  Walworth,  Lorenzo 
Carter,  James  Kingsbury,  Turhand  Kirtland,  Timothy  Doan, 
Bezaleel  Wells,  Jonathan  Cass,  Seth  Adams,  Zachias  A.  Beatty 
and  John  Shorb.  H.  K.  Morse  of  Poland  has  one  of  these  orig- 
inal tickets  of  tliis  lottery.     It  reads: 

"Cuyahoga  ct  Muskegon  Navigation  Lottery.  THIS 
Ticket  entitles  the  bearer  to  such  prize  as  shall  be  drawn 
against  its  number  (if  called  for  within  twelve  months  after 
the  drawing  is  completed),  subject  to  the  deduction  of  12iA 
per  cent.    No.  4472. 

(Signed)  "J.  Walworth,  Agent  for  Board  of 

Commissioners. ' ' 

There  were  12,800  tickets,  price  $5  each.  The  iirst  prize 
was  for  $5,000;  two  prizes  of  $2,500;  five  prizes  of  $1,000;  ten 
prizes  of  $500;  fifty  prizes  of  $100;  one  hundred  prizes  of  $50; 
three  thousand  four  hundred  prizes  of  $10.  The  Commissioners 
had  great  faith  in  this  lottery,  and  tickets  were  expected  to  be 
sold  in  Massachusetts,  New  York,  and  in  local  Ohio  towns. 
However,  the  public  did  not  take  much  interest  in  this  matter, 
and  after  putting  off  the  drawing  from  time  to  time,  the  scheme 
was  finally  abandoned  and  the  money  returned  to  those  who 
had  paid  it. 

As  early  as  January,  1817,  a  resolution  on  the  construction 
of  the  Lake  Erie  and  Ohio  Canal  was  introduced  into  the  legis- 
lature. In  1819  the  question  was  again  up.  In  1820  a  survey 
was  authorized,  and  in  1822  the  legislature  provided  for  the 
survey  of  four  routes ;  one  was  to  run  from  Sandusky  Bay  to 
the  Ohio  river;  one  from  Maumee  river  to  the  Ohio  river;  one 
from  Cuyahoga,  or  Black  river,  by  way  of  the  Muskingum,  to 
the  Ohio,  and  one  from  the  mouth  of  the  Grand  river,  via  the 
Mahoning,  to  the  Ohio.  The  commissioners  into  whose  hands 
this  work  was  given,  at  the  following  session  of  the  legislature, 
reported  that  any  of  these  routes  could  be  used,  Init  asked  for 
more  time  to  consider  which  was  the  most  practical.  At  the 
session  of  1823-24  they  chose  the  one  for  the  Scioto  Valley,  the 
Iji eking  and  upper  Muskingaim.     In  the  summer  of  1824  two 


JilSTOKY  OF  TRUMBCLL  COUNTY  133 

routes  were  determined  upon,  one  from  the  .Maumee  livcr  to 
Cincinnati,  and  one  starting  at  the  mouth  of  the  tScioto,  to  Cosh- 
ot'ton,  and  then  up  to  the  lake  by  three  different  routes,  in 
1825  the  canal  commissioners  were  ordered  to  proceed  on  these 
two  routes.  When  completed  the  western  one  was  called  the 
Miami  Canal,  and  the  eastern  the  Ohio.  From  Coshuctoii  the 
Ohio  canal  followed  the  Tuscarawas,  cut  the  old  portage  and 
followed  the  Cuyahoga  to  Cleveland,  (ireat  ]ireparations  wei'e 
made  for  the  opening  of  this  canal.  General  LaFayette  Avas  iu 
tills  country,  and  it  was  exjiected  that  the  first  shovel  of  earth 
would  !)«'  lifted  by  liim  at  the  jiortage  sunniiit.  This  was  the 
vei'\'  spot  over  which  the  men  of  1799  came,  which  the  ivulier 
settlers  had  attempted  to  make  a  good  road  for  the  carrying  of 
baggage.  Two  counties  received  their  names  from  this  spot — 
Portage  and  Hummit.  Unfortunately,  (General  LaFayette  had 
promised  to  Ite  in  Boston  cm  July  4,  1S25,  and  the  whole  plan 
was  changed.  The  first  ground  was  broken  July  4-,  1S2.J,  at  Jjick- 
ing  sunnnit.  (Jov.  DeWitt  Clinton,  of  Xew  York,  who  had  been 
so  interested  iu  all  canal  projects,  raised  the  first  shovelful  of 
earth,  and  ex-Governor  Morrow  i)f  Ohio  the  second.  Hon.  Thos. 
Ewiug  of  Lancaster,  Ohio,  was  tlie  orator  of  the  occasion. 
The  canal  was  completed  from  Cleveland  to  .Vkron  in  1^27,  and 
in  1830  boats  were  running  from  Cleveland  to  tiie  Ohio  river. 
The  ]\Iahoning  Canal  was  a  branch  of  the  Oliio,  running 
from  Akron  to  Beavei'.  From  that  point  the  river  was  used  to 
Pittsburg.  The  residents  of  Portage  and  Trumliuil  counties 
worked  long  and  faithfully  to  secure  this  canal.  Con\(-ntions 
were  held  in  Warren  and  in  Eavenna.  and  in  182(1  a  bill  for  the 
incorporation  of  the  Pennsylvania  and  Oh.io  Canal  was  ])i'e- 
pared.  This  was  ])assed  by  the  legislatui'e  in  1827.  and  was  to 
be  elfective  when  the  state  of  Pennsylvania  would  i)ass  a  like 
one.  The  date  of  Ohio's  act  was  January  Kl;  of  Pennsylvania's, 
April.  Notwithstanding  this  good  start,  nothing  was  done  until 
1833,  wlien  meetings  were  again  held  and  the  chartei'  of  1827 
was  renewed  and  g'ranted  December  31,  1835.  Pennsylvania  had 
also  renewed  its  old  charter.  The  city  of  Philadelphia  was  al- 
lowed to  have  $780,000  of  the  stock,  and  in  less  than  an  hour 
from  the  time  the  books  were  opened  this  was  all  taken.  The 
wliole  amount  of  stock  was  to  be  a  million  dollars,  and  the  re- 
mainder, $220,000,  in  a  few  weeks  was  taken  liy  people  in  Port- 
age and  Trumbull  counties.  Tlie  stockholders  met  Ma>'  ;il,  1835, 
at  New  Castle.     The  survev  was  begim  in  June  of  ]835,  near 


104  HISTORY  OF  Tin'-AFBT'LL  COUNTY 

Kaveniui.  TIh^  wliole  length  of  tlie  caual  from  its  intersection 
witli  tile  Pennsylvania  Canal  below  Ne\y  Castle  to  its  intersec- 
tion \A-itli  tlie  Ohio  Canal  at  Akron  covered  82  miles.  Ditches 
led  fi-oni  some  of  the  smaller  lakes  in  western  Portage  county 
to  the  canal.    These  were  known  as  "feeders." 

it  was  iiard  work  to  finance  this  as  the  work  went  on,  and 
the  governor  of  Ohio  had  to  come  to  the  assistance  of  the  com- 
pany, bnt  in  IS-td  it  was  opened  for  business  clear  through. 

For  twelve  years  this  was  a  success,  and  then  the  building 
of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  running  through  Ra- 
venna (1851),  interfered  with  it  largely,  and  the  construction 
of  the  Cleveland  &  Mahoning  Road  brought  about  its  destmc- 
tion.  Peo])l('  wuuld  neither  ride  nor  ship  goods  on  a  slow  line 
when  tliere  was  a  faster  one.  and  in  186:^  the  state  sold  the  stock 
which  it  had  in  the  .Mahoning  branch  of  the  canal  to  the  Cleve- 
land and  JMahoning  Railroad  Company.  A  few  boats  ran  occa- 
sionally after  that  to  pick  u])  a  little  business  which  was  oE  these 
railroads,  but  eventually  the  canal  was  al^andoned.  It  was  com- 
pleted as  far  as  Warren  in  T'^.'l!).  The  IVcsfrni  Reserre  Chron- 
IrJr  of  Isl-AX  2;],  1889.  says: 

"On  Thursday  last,  Alay  L'.'Srd,  our  citizens  were  greeted 
with  the  arrival  of  a  boat  from  Beaver.  The  packet  On- 
tario. Cai)tain  Bronson  in  charge,  came  into  town  in  gallant 
style,  amid  the  roar  of  the  cannon  and  shouts  and  hearty 
fheers  of  our  citizens.  The  boat  was  crowded  with  gentle- 
men from  Pennsylvania  and  along  the  line,  and  accom- 
p.inied  by  four  excellent  bands  of  music.  On  arriving  at  the 
foot  of  ]\rain  street  they  were  greeted  ))y  the  Warren  band, 
and  a  jjrocession  formed  which  marched  through  the  square 
to  the  front  of  Towne's  Hotel,  where  a  neat  and  appropriate 
address  was  made  to  the  ijassengers  )iy  John  Crowell,  Esq., 
mayor  of  the  town.  "  "  "  The  rest  of  the  day  was 
spent  in  hilarity,  and  on  F"'riday  the  boat  left  for  Beaver, 
carrying  about  forty  citizens  of  Youngstown,  who  were 
liighly  delighted  with  th.e  excursion.  *  *  *  Arrange- 
ments had  been  made  by  ^lessrs.  Clark  &  Co.  for  running  a 
daily  line  of  packets  from  this  ]>lace  to  Beaver.  Three  boats, 
the  Ontario,  Huron  and  Hudson,  are  fitted  up  in  superior 
style  to  carry  fifteen  tons  of  freight  and  sixty  ])assengers, 
and  to  leave  YVarreii  daily  at  noon  and  arrive  at  Beaver 
next  morning." 


JIISTOKY    OF  TIJUMIULL  COC'XTV  135 

The  cuinmittee  of  aiTaugemeiits  for  this  celebration  were 
A.  jM.  Lloyd,  Lieut.  J.  Ingersoll,  C.  C.  Seely,  James  Hoyt  and 
J.  D.  Tayler.  So  far  as  we  know,  no  descendants  of  th.ese  people 
are  now  living  here  excej^t  James,  the  son  of  James  lloyt,  who 
now  resides  in  the  Hoyt  homestead  on  Tod  avenue,  and  Annie 
and  Abbie  Hoyt,  nieces  of  James,  and  ALs.  'Slnvy  A'anGorder 
Kinsman,  a  niece  of  'Sir.  Ingersoll. 

At  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  a  banquet  was  served,  over 
which  Gen.  J.  AV.  Seely  presided,  and  the  toasts  were  many  and 
patriotic.  One  of  them  was  "The  Packet  Ontario — the  first  boat 
that  ever  floated  the  waters  of  the  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania 
Canal."  F.  J.  Clark  of  Beaver  offered  the  toast,  "The  Village 
of  Warren — we  admire  it  not  more  for  its  own  beauty  than  for 
the  liberality  and  enterprise  of  its  citizens."  The  music  which 
followed  this  toast  was  "In  the  Green  Village,"  and  was  played 
by  the  Youngstown  Band. 

"When  the  canal  was  completed  to  Akron  there  was  another 
gala-day  foi-  Warren.  Governor  Porter  of  Pennsylvania  came 
Avith  the  i>arty,  and  there  was  liardly  standing  room  on  the 
)»acket.  The  visitors  landed,  walked  in  the  deep  mud  up  to  the 
court  liouse,  where  Gen.  Simon  Perkins  read  an  address  of  wel- 
come and  Governor  Porter  and  others  replied.  The  party  re- 
turned to  the  canal  boat  and  proceeded  to  Akron.  General  See- 
ly, who  had  been  so  miicli  interested  in  the  canal  from  the  be- 
ginning, was  taken  ill  on  the  boat  going  to  Akron,  and  died  soon 
after  arrival.  General  Seely  was  the  great-grandfather  of  ^Irs. 
John  (Mary  Van  Gorder)  Kinsman. 

Warren  was  a  lively  place  during  the  construction  of  the 
canal.  In  the  first  place,  everybody  was  filled  with  enthusiasm 
and  courage,  and  then  it  was  necessarj'  to  em])loy  a  large  num- 
ber of  men  for  the  work,  and  the  lioarding  of  these  men  lirought 
(|uite  a  revenue  to  the  little  village. 

As  soon  as  the  canal  was  tinished  warehouses  were  built 
along  its  banks.  The  main  one  stood  on  the  east  side  of  Main 
street,  exactly  oijposite  the  Warren  Paint  Company's  factory. 
M.  B.  Tayler  owned  this  business,  in  whole  or  part,  and  long- 
after  the  canal  was  abandoned  his  name,  in  large  letters  of  a 
brownish-red  color,  still  remained  on  the  end  of  the  warehouse. 
Mr.  Tavler'.«  sons,  George  and  M.  B.,  and  his  daughters,  Mrs. 
H.  T.  McCurdy,  Mrs.  B.^L  Taylor  and  Mrs.  Lucy  T.  Page,  still 
reside  in  Warren.  Mr.  William  Minyoung  aftei*wards  conducted 
the  business  in  this  same  building,  and  was  a  successful  mer- 


i;3G  HISTORY  OF  TRUilBULL  COUNTY 

chant,  dfaling  in  flour,  feed,  etc.  His  daughter,  Mrs.  Predmore, 
and  his  son,  AVilliam,  live  in  Trurnl)nll  County,  the  fomier  in 
Warren. 

After  the  canal  was  abandoned  there  was  always  more  or 
less  water  in  the  bed,  which  was  south  of  town.  The  canal 
entered  Warren  about  where  the  B.  &  O.  road  runs  now,  on  the 
west  side.  There  was  a  lock  in  the  neighl)orhood  of  the  Van- 
Gorder  dam.  and  here  the  canal  crossed  the  river.  Because  the 
canal  bed  inclined  in  a  southerly  direction,  and  because  the  river 
was  near,  water  seeped  through  the  lock,  and  when  the  river 
was  high,  ran  over.  In  this  stagnant  water,  which  in  the  recol- 
lection of  the  writer  was  covered  with  a  thick,  green  scum, 
mosquitoes  bred,  and  spread  malaria,  so  that  Warren  was  for  a 
time  a  malarious  town.  The  general  l)elief  is  that  these  mosqui- 
toes little  by  little  traveled  down  from  the  Cuyahoga  river, 
where  they  were  a  pest.  The  towns  along  the  canal,  after  its 
opening,  were  infested  with  them,  and  after  the  abandonment 
were  free  from  lioth  mosquitoes  and  malaria.  This  back  water, 
running  from  the  VanGorder  mill  eastward,  was  used  by  chil- 
dren for  skating  in  winter  and  for  fishing  in  summer.  Many  a 
nice  string  of  sunfish  has  been  snatched  from  this  water  in  a  few 
hours'  time  by  little  folks  of  that  day. 

Before  the  completion  of  the  canal  the  farmers  in  this  part 
of  the  country  made  cheese.  These  were  cared  for  in  ware- 
houses, and  when  cured  were  hauled  to  Pittsburg  for  market. 
Iron,  nails,  glass,  cotton  goods,  and  dry  goods  were  exchanged 
in  Pittsburg  and  brought  back.  Sometimes  the  Warren  mer- 
chants, Henry  and  Charles  Smith,  particularly,  when  the  river 
was  high,  wovdd  buy  a  raft  or  flat-l)oat  and  load  it  "with  cheese, 
whiskey,  dried  apples  and  wooden  clocks  and  go  to  Eochester, 
Pennsylvania,"  and  then  float  down  the  Beaver  and  Ohio  to 
Cincinnati,  selling  their  products  as  they  went. 

The  Mahoning  Canal  was  not  only  a  great  advantage  to 
the  county  seat  of  Trumbull  County,  but  it  was  of  great  advan- 
tage to  Niles  and  to  Newton  Falls,  both  of  which  were  flourish- 
ing villages.  It  filled  a  temporary  Avant,  and  it  proved  to  the 
people  of  Trumbull  County  that  if  they  had  means  for  transport- 
ing their  products  they  would  become  a  very  prosperous  people. 
In  one  year,  1844,  M.'  B.  Tayler  bought  and  shipped  1.309.620 
pounds  of  cheese. 

In  1840  there  was  built  in  Warren  a  canal  boat  known  as 
the  Trumbull.     It  was  made  as  large  as  could  go  through  tiie 


(Loaned  by   the   Chronicle.) 


STONEWORK  OF  OLD  LOCK  ON  CANAL.  OPPOSITE  THE 
OLD  VAN  GORDER  MILL. 


JIJSTOKY  OF  Tifr.MHru:  corXTY  j:'.r 

locks,  and  the  Presbyteriau  clnucli  luoniisfd  its  Suihl;i\  school 
scholars  a  ride  to  Youngstowii.  ('onse(|ueiitly,  on  .Saturday 
moniing,  July  4th,  the  diildreu  gatliered  at  M.  15.  Tayk-r's  ware- 
house and  were  suii^rised  to  find  the  banks  of  the  canal  fairly 
lined  with  the  residents  of  the  town.  When  they  were  all  aboard 
ttiere  were  so  many  of  them  that  the  deck  was  lilack  and  there 
was  little  place  to  sit  or  rest.  The  man  who  was  steering  could 
not  see  the  bank,  and  every  little  while  would  run  into  it.  Much 
time  was  consumed  in  backing  ofl'  until  they  got  into  slack  water. 
They  had  a  delightful  time  going  down,  went  to  Kayen's  grove, 
where  the  pie,  the  cake,  the  ginger  liread  and  lemonade  were  as 
free  as  air.  The  sun  Avas  getting  low  before  they  started  for 
home.  Surely  somebody  was  short-sighted.  They  worked  their 
way  until  they  reached  Girard,  where  the  boat  was  sto]iiic<l. 
candles  and  potatoes  secured.  The  latter  were  to  serve  as 
sticks  for  the  former.  By  the  light  of  these  tallow  dips  the 
noble  ship  ]>i'oeeeded.  Whether  it  was  imagination,  too  much 
cake,  or  whether  there  was  a  motion  to  the  boat  is  not  known, 
but  what  is  known  is  that  nine-tenths  of  the  gallant  passengers 
suffered  tortures  from  iiial  dc  iiu-r.  'Sir.  Irwin  Ladd,  now  in  the 
eighties,  then  a  boy,  wearing  his  Sunday  suit,  was  a  passenger. 
He  suffered  less  from  sickness  than  many  of  liis  boy  friends. 
One  of  these.  Fitch  Adams,  was  desperately  sick,  and  Irwin  lield 
him  in  his  arms,  notwithstanding  he  realized  that  his  Sunday 
suit,  because  of  contact  with  Fitch,  would  never  Ix'  the  same 
again.  So  greatly  did  young  Adams  appreciate  this  kindness 
that  he  said  nothing  would  ever  be  too  good  for  IiTvin,  and 
nothing  he  could  ever  do  would  be  too  nnicli  tn)uble  for  him  to 
do.  He  was  as  good  as  his  word.  It  was  between  one  and  two 
o'clock  a.  m.  of  July  5th  when  the  Trumbull  was  made  fast  at 
Tayler's  warehouse.  It  had  been  eight  hours  coming  from 
Youngstown.  Among  some  of  the  Warren  residents  who  jiartici- 
pated  in  this  voyage  were  '\^^littlesey  Adams,  Sarah  IT.  Van 
Gorder,  James  G.  Brooks,  all  of  whom  are  still  living. 

.  It  is  seen  that  the  canoe,  the  horse  and  saddle,  the  stage 
coach  and  the  canal  were  not  sufficient,  nor  etHcient  to  take  care 
of  the  travel  and  traftic  of  north-eastern  Ohio.  In  1827  plans 
were  formulated  for  connecting  Lake  Erie  with  the  Ohio 
river  by  railroad.  The  point  of  starting  on  the  lake  was  not 
definitely  fixed,  but  it  was  to  be  either  in  Lake  or  Ashtabula 
counties,  and  it  was  to  touch  the  Ohio  river  somewhere  in  Colum- 


138  1118T01;Y   of  TliUMBULL  COUNTY 

biana  county.  One  million  dollars  was  to  be  used  in  its  construc- 
tion. A  few  men  could  see  tbe  advantage  of  this,  but  even  after 
the  result  of  having  a  canal  was  seen,  there  were  conservatives, 
and  the  money  was  not  raised.  Eleven  j'ears  later  a  company 
luiown  as  the  Ashtabula,  Warren  &  East  Liverpool  R.  R.  Co. 
was  formed  for  the  same  jmrpose,  but  this  time  there  was  added 
$500,000  to  their  capitalization.  The  panic  of  1836  and  '37  put 
an  end  to  this  plan.  In  the  meantime  the  usual  thing  happened, 
that  is,  there  was  a  compromise — the  Ohio  Canal  was  built. 
However,  the  stage  coaches  continued  to  run  and  men  believing 
in  railroads  continued  to  work. 

The  first  railroad  built  running  through  Trumbull  County 
was  the  Cleveland  &  Mahoning.  The  conception  of  this  enter- 
prise was  had  at  Warren.  The  charter  was  granted  February 
22,  1848,  but  the  work  was  not  commenced  until  1853. 

Mr.  Wirt  W.  Abell,  a  grandson  of  James  Scott,  still  resid- 
ing in  Warren,  was  a  member  of  the  engineer  corps  which 
worked  on  this  (Erie)  railroad.  He  says  the  first  engine  for 
that  road  arrived  in  Warren  from  Cleveland  on  the  Erie  Canal, 
and  was  slid  over  on  iron  rails  and  set  up  on  the  track.  Mr.  W. 
S  Crawford,  who  had  lived  in  Gustavus  but  then  resided  in 
Girard,  was  the  first  conductor,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  for 
twelve  or  fifteen  years.  Junius  Dana  at  one  time  had  a  nin  on 
this  road  as  conductor,  but  kept  it  only  a  little  time.  The  first 
train  run  on  this  road  was  July  1,  1856,  and  on  the  4th  of  July 
a  special  train  was  run  from  Warren  to  Cleveland.  The  east 
terminal  of  the  road  at  that  time  was  about  where  the  Warren 
Electric  &  Specialty  Company's  building  now  stands.  There 
were  several  coaches  for  the  accommodation  of  ladies,  and  flat- 
cars,  with  boards  across,  for  men. 

Among  the  Trumbull  County  directors  at  that  time  were 
Junius  Dana,  Jacob  and  Henry  B.  Perkins.  Charles  Smith  and 
Frederick  Kinsman. 

To  ]\Ir.  .lacob  Perkins  is  due  the  success  of  this  road,  be- 
cause at  several  times  when  financial  disaster  seemed  imminent 
lie  eiicouiaged  his  business  associates  and,  at  one  time,  stood 
l)ersonally  responsible  for  a  large  amount  of  indebtedness.  He 
died  in  1859,  but  the  people  of  the  Mahoning  Valley,  even  to 
this  third  generation,  feel  grateful  to  him  for  his  courage  dis- 
played at  that  time.  He  did  not  foresee  it,  but  this 
act  of  his  added  largely  to  his  personal  fortune.  In  1860  the 
engines  runniny'  on  the  Mahoning  Road  had  names,  and  one  of 


HISTORY  OF  Tl!r:\IBrLL  COUXTY  13!J 

these,  the  newest  and  best,  was  called  "Jaool:)  Perkins."  The 
Cleveland  &  ^Mahoning  road  in  the  beginning  was  and  is  now  a 
paying  one,  and  after  its  consolidation,  or,  rather,  its  lease,  its 
steady  earnings  were  of  great  financial  benefit  to  the  lessor. 

In  1851  the  Franklin  &  Warren  Railroad  Company  was  or- 
ganized, the  purpose  of  which  was  to  construct  a  railroad  from 
Franklin  (now  Kent),  Portage  county,  thi'ougli  Warren,  to 
Pennsylvania.  There  were  a  number  of  iilans  for  th(,>  cnnstruc- 
tion  of  railroads  which  would  eventually  join  with  this,  Init  in 
the  beginning  only  this  short  line  was  to  l)e  constiucted.  It  was 
broad-gauged,  but  after  several  years  of  trial  the  width  was 
made  standard.  All  attempts  at  wide  or  narrow  gauge  railroads 
have  been  failures.  So  far  as  the  writer  knows,  the  only  living 
original  director  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  is 
E.  B.  Taylor  of  Warren.  Lewis  Iddings,  H.  B.  Perkins  and  J. 
X.  Tyler  were  a  connnitee  to  investigate  where  the  road  should 
go  through  Warren.  This  road,  like  all  other  early  i-ailroads, 
had  its  financial  troubles,  and  was  finally  financed  by  an  English 
company,  foremost  among  whom  was  ^IcHenry.  The  road  was 
finally  completed,  and  the  J^nglish  i)arty  came  to  New  York  City 
and  made  a  trip  over  the  route.  The  people  of  Trunilmll  County, 
although  exceedingly  self-respecting,  always  have  been  devoid 
of  airs.  Wlien  the  English  party  arrived  in  Warren,  at  the 
small  station  standing  on  the  east  side  of  ]\[ahoning  avenue, 
where  Mrs.  Dietrich  now  lives,  many  citizens  were  at  the  depot. 
Possibly  there  was  a  regularly  appointed  committee  to  receive 
the  guests.  General  Thomas  .1.  McLaiu,  who  was  a  prominent 
citizen,  a  lawyer,  a  banker,  a  man  of  fine  i^resence,  extended  a 
Avord  of  greeting  on  behalf  of  the  townspeople.  The  Englishman 
replied  and  McHenry  was  loudly  called  for.  He  was  so  modest, 
imassuming  or  insignificant  looking  that  he  was  not  recognized, 
although  he  had  been  standing  on  the  platform  all  the  time.  lu 
those  days  the  Illustrated  London  Neivs  was  taken  veiy  largely 
by  the  ])eople  of  the  United  States,  many  copies  arriving  regu- 
larly in  Warren.  In  the  course  of  time,  a  I'eport  of  this  railroad 
tri])  appeared  and  the  citizens  of  Warren  had  a  good  deal  of  fun 
at  the  expense  of  General  jMcLain,  because  in  relating  the  sto|> 
at  Warren,  the  rejiorter  had  said,  among  other  things,  •'Here 
(Warren)  the  jjeasantry  was  all  out  in  its  holiday  attire.  .-ukI 
one  large  peasant  stepped  foith  and  addressed  us." 

After  a  time  the  Atlantic  «S:  Great  Western  Rt)ad,  through 
various  changes  and  leases,  became  the  New  York,  Pennsylvania 


140  IIISTOIIY  OF  TJaLMJULL  e'OUXTY 

aud  Ohio  Railroad  Company,  and  finally,  the  Cleveland-Mahon- 
ing Company  and  the  Fi'anklin-Waircn  Railroad  Company  were 
leased  by  the  Erie. 

The  Ashtabula  &  New  Lisbon  Railroad  referred  to  above, 
had  only  constructed  tliirty-five  miles,  when,  in  1869,  it  was  sokl 
to  private  jDarties  and  operated  until  1872,  when  it  was  leased  to 
the  Erie.  It  was  the  third  railroad  constructed  in  Trumbull 
County. 

A  small  line  of  road  known  as  the  Lilierty  &  Vienna,  which 
was  built  in  1868  and  extended  to  Youugstown  in  1870.  became 
part  of  the  Cleveland-Mahoning  Valley  Railroad  Conijiany  at  the 
time  of  tlie  consolidation. 

In  187U  a  company  known  as  the  Ashtabula.  Youngstown 
and  Pittsburg  Raili-oad  Company  was  chartered  aud  entered  into 
contract  with  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad 
Comjiany,  to  construct  a  line  from  the  terminals  of  the  Lawrence 
branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  road  at  Youngstown,  to  Ashtabula. 
A  piece  of  road  from  Niles  towards  Ashtabula,  and  another  part 
of  the  Liberty  &  Vienna  Company  from  Youngstown  to  Niles, 
were  purchased,  a  connecting  link  from  Niles  to  Girard  was 
consirncted  in  1873.  This  was  the  tifth  railroad  built  in 
Trumbull  County  and  was  a  part  of  the  Pennsylvania  System. 

In  1870  a  company  was  organized  for  the  construction  of 
the  Krst  narrow-gauge  line  in  this  ]iart  of  Ohio,  if  not  in  the 
state.  The  i>artially  constructed  Painesville  and  Hudson  road 
was  liought  for  $60,000,  and  in  1873  cars  were  running  from 
Painesville  to  C^hardon.  Later  arrangements  were  made  with 
the  contractors  wherel^y  the  road  was  completed  to  Niles,  the 
1st  of  January,  187-1-,  and  a  little  later  reached  Youngstown. 
The  road  went  into  the  hands  of  a  receiver  in  1877  and  after 
some  delay  became  the  property  of  a  new  company,  under  the 
juuiu;  of  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad  Company. 
About  $1,300,000  in  stocks  and  mortgages  was  the  price  paid. 
Just  as  the  broad-gauge  had  not  proved  satisfactory,  so  was  tliis 
narrow-gauge  imsatisfactory.  Time  could  not  be  taken  to  shift 
freight  or  passengers  from  one  car  to  another.  The  gauge  had 
to  be  uniform  to  avoid  delay.  Within  a  few  years  this  road  came 
in  conjunction  with  the  B.  &  0.  at  DeForest  aud  it  was  leased  or 
bought  by  the  B.  &  O.  It  is  the  outlet  from  the  Valley  to  the 
lake  of  the  B.  S:  0.  System.  In  its  early  days  its  nick  name  was 
the  Peewee,  but  now  it  is  known  as  the  Lake  division  of  the  B.  & 
0.     There  are  two  or  three  railroads  which  run  through  Trum- 


mSTUiiY   OF  TJv'UMBULL  COUNTY  1-U 

Lull  County,  crossing  townships  here  and  there,  l)ut  tliey  were  in 
no  sense  develoiied  or  financed  by  Trumlji;!!  County  men  or 
money. 

In  l.'!^81  the  I'ittslnirg,  Y'oung-stown  &  Chicago  Kailroad 
Company  was  incorj^orated  in  Ohio,  and  a  similar  company 
incorporated  in  Pennsylvania.  This  road  intended  to  run  from 
Pittsburg,  through  Youngstown  and  Akron,  to  Chicago  Junction. 
These  comjtanies  in  the  same  year  were  consolidated. 

In  1882,  the  Pittsburg,  Cleveland  &  Toledo  Railroad  Com- 
pany was  incorporated,  as  was  another  company,  which  was  to 
run  a  line  from  New  Castle  Jmiction  to  the  Ohio  state  line.  That 
same  year  these  two  companies  were  consolidated  under  the  title 
of  the  Pittsburg,  Cleveland  &  Toledo  Railroad  Company.  The 
capitalization  was  $;sOO(),000.  Chauncey  II.  Andrews  was  presi- 
dent, and  W.  J.  Hitchcock  and  Lucian  E.  Cochran,  all  of  Youngs- 
town. were  associated  with  him.  This  road  became  the  Pittsburg 
&  Western  Railroad  Company,  and  later  the  B.  &  0.  Company 
purchased  the  controlling  stock  of  the  Pitts])urg  &  "Western  and 
it  liecame  a  part  of  the  B.  &  0.  System. 


CHAPTER  XVI.— BENCH  AND  BAR. 


Introduction. —  Biogkaphic4l  Sketches. — Stories. — List  of 
Judges. 

Note. — The  first  page  of  this  chapter  on  Bencli  and  Bar  was  written  by  Hon. 
F.  K.  Hnti'hins.,  assistant  attorney  general  of  the  United  States.  He  also  wrote  the 
sketch  of  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  his  lifelong  friend.  The  author  of  this  volume  wrote 
the  rest  of  this  chapter  and  is  responsible  for  any  errors  contained  therein,  although 
Mr.  Hutchins  read  it. 

When  Counecticut  sold  to  the  Land  Company,  she  parted,  so 
far  as  she  could,  with  all  her  rights,  jurisdictional  as  well  as  to 
the  soil,  hut  whether  a  state  could  transfer  its  jurisdiction  over 
half  its  territory  to  a  party  of  private  land  siieculators  and  con- 
fer upon  them  governmental  jurisdiction,  was  a  serious 
question. 

Certainly  the  purchasers  never  attempted  to  exercise  any 
such  governmental  jurisdiction  or  to  enact  any  laws.  They  made 
frequent  applications  to  Connecticut  to  extend  her  jurisdiction 
and  laws  over  the  territory,  and  to  the  United  States  to  accept 
jurisdiction,  but  all  were  refused.  The  purchasers  and  settlers 
repudiated  the  Ordinance  of  1787  as  extending  to  this  territory 
because  to  accept  it  would  be  to  admit  a  superior  title  in  the 
United  States,  which  would  be  fatal  to  that  of  Counecticut  and 
therefore  fatal  to  that  of  the  Land  Company,  and  the  settlers. 

Subsequently,  in  1800,  acts  of  Congress  and  the  Connecticut 
legislature  confirined  the  title  of  Connecticut  to  the  soil  on  the 
Reserve  on  the  one  hand,  and  relieved  the  United  States  of  all 
jurisdiction  over  it  on  the  other.  And  then,  for  the  first  time 
in  its  history,  the  Western  Reserve  came  within  any  civil  juris- 
diction, and  its  people  were  protected  and  governed  by  law. 
But  from  the  time  of  this  sale  by  Connecticut  to  the  Connecticut 
Land  Company,  in  1795,  to  this  acceptance  of  jurisdiction,  in 
1800,  the  AVestern  Reserve  was  absolutely  without  law  or  gov- 
ernment of  any  kind.  There  were  no  courts,  no  laws,  no  records, 
no  magistrates  or  police,  and  no  modes  of  enforcing  or  protect- 

142 


nrSTOT^Y   OF  TIMMIU'LL  (orXTV  143 

ing  land  titles,  contraots  or  personal  riglits.  It  was  a  veritable 
"no-mau's  land"  so  far  as  government  and  law  was  concerned. 
This  was  a  poor  place  for  lawyers,  as  it  always  is  where  people 
will  behave  themselves  withont  them.  It  was  not  even  a  ])ure 
democracy,  for  there  the  ])eople  meet  to  enact  laws  and  enforce 
lights.  Here  they  did  not  and  conld  not.  Some  seventy  miles 
of  nnbroken  wilderness  of  forest,  lakes  and  swamps,  seytarated 
the  two  settlements  at  Cleveland  and  Yonngstown.  And  yet,  so 
trained  in  civil  govei'iiment  and  obedience  to  law  were  the 
settlers  that  they  felt  no  need  of  either.  Lands  wei-e  bonght 
and  sold,  personal  contracts  were  made,  marriages  solemnized, 
and  personal  rights  respected  as  in  the  best  governed  societies, 
and  all  without  government  and  withont  law.  In  the  same  year 
(1800)  that  the  Reserve  came  within  civil  jurisdiction,  the  whole 
was  organized  into  one  county,  with  the  county  seat  at  Warren. 
The  first  judges  of  the  Northwest  territory  appointed  by 
the  president  of  the  United  States  were  Samuel  Hoklen  Parsons, 
James  Mitchell  Varnum,  and  John  Cleves  Symmes.  Of  these 
three,  Judge  Symmes  is  the  best  remembered  because  of  his 
claim  of  a  hollow  earth,  and  because  of  his  connection  with  the 
famous  Harrison  family.  He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  but  early 
emigrated  to  this  coujitry,  where  he  became  a  valiant  soldier. 
After  armj'  service  he  devoted  himself  to  a  theory,  his  own 
invention,  which  declared  the  earth  to  be  hollow,  open  at  the 
poles,  and  inhabitable  within.  His  followers  were  more  in  num- 
ber than  it  is  possible  for  us  today  to  believe,  and  he  even  asked 
Congress  to  make  an  approi:)riation  to  test  out  his  theory.  It 
does  not  seem  possible  that  a  man  who  could  believe  in  so  foolish 
a  theory,  could  have  been  a  college  graduate,  a  delegate  to  the 
Provincial  Congress,  active  in  framing  the  constitution  of  his 
own  state  (New  Jersey),  delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress 
in  Philadelphia,  and  judge  of  the  Northwest  Territory.  Gen. 
Lew  Wallace,  in  his  life  of  President  Benjamin  Harrison,  says: 

"The  wooing  and  winning  of  Anna  Surnames  by  William 
Henry  Harrison  is  not  without  romantic  coloring.  When 
Fort  W^ashington  was  established  at  Cincinnati,  Harrison 
was  stationed  there.  Duty  called  the  gallant  captain  to 
North  Bend,  and  he  liecame  a  guest  at  the  Symmes  resi- 
dence. It  was  not  long  until  he  succumljed  to  the  black  eyes 
of  Miss  Anna.  She  was  at  the  time  twenty  years  of  age. 
small,  graceful,  intelligent  and  l>y  general  agreement  beauti- 


144  JllSTOHY   OF  TKlMBrLL  COUATY 

fill,  lie  was  twenty-two  years  of  age,  with  a  reputation 
well  established  as  a  gallant  soldier.  The  two  were  mutu- 
ally pleased  with  each  other,  and  an  engagement  followed, 
Avhich  could  hardly  fail  to  be  satisfactory  to  the  father. 
The  Judge,  in  fact,  consented  to  the  marriage ;  but,  hearing- 
some  slanderous  reports  of  the  captain,  he  afterwards  with- 
drew his  consent.  The  lovers  were  in  nowise  daunted. 
They  resolved  to  proceed  with  their  engagement.  Novem- 
ber 29,  1795,  the  day  appointed  for  the  wedding,  arrived. 
Judge  Synnnes,  thinking  the  affair  oft'  or  declining  to  be 
present,  rode  to  Cincinnati,  leaving  the  coast  clear. 

"In  the  presence  of  the  young  lady's  step-mother  and 
many  guests  the  ceremony  was  performed  by  Dr.  Stephen 
Wood,  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

"Undoubtedly  the  father  of  the  bride  was  a  person  of 
great  importance  at  that  time.  He  was  a  high  dignitary- 
of  the  United  States  government  and  proprietor  of  a  tract 
of  land  ducal  in  ])r()])ortions.  The  lady  was  beautiful, 
young,  charming,  of  Eastern  education  and  manners.  The 
bridegroom  on  his  side  had  fought  his  way  to  a  captaincy, 
Avhich  was  a  much  more  influential  argument  in  that  day  than 
this,  especially  in  social  circles.  Witli  these  points  in  mind, 
it  would  not  be  strange  if  a  reader,  giving  reign  to  his  fancy, 
should  picture  the  wedding  as  of  exceeding  splendor  of  cir- 
cumstance. It  was  the  very  reverse.  To  arrive  at  the  facts 
the  time  and  the  condition  of  the  people  of  the  region  must 
be  considered.  The  west  was  in  its  densest  wilderness.  There 
were  no  luxuries.  To  be  comfortable  was  to  be  rich.  There 
Avas  no  aristocracy.  Store  goods  were  scarce  and  at  prices 
out  of  reach.  Weeks  of  travel  were  required  to  get  to  and 
from  the  mills.  For  summer  wear  the  settlers  depended  in 
great  part  upon  the  fibre  of  thistle,  a  certain  species  of 
which,  growing  spontaneously  in  the  woods,  fell  down  and 
rotted  in  the  winter  and  was  gathered  in  the  spring  and 
cleaned  and  woven  by  the  women.  Indeed,  the  probabilities 
are  that  the  company  assembled  to  witness  the  marriage  of 
Captain  Harrison  and  Miss  Anna  Symmes  would  astonish 
polite  circles  of  today.  They  arrived  on  horseback,  each 
man  carrying  a  rifle,  a  powder-horn  and  a  pouch  lined  with 
patching  and  luillets.  Traveling  by  narrow  paths  cut  through 
tliickets  of  blackberry  and  alder  bushes  and  undergrowth 
of  every  variety,  each  step  taken  might  be  into  an  ambush 


HISTOIJY  OF  TliUMBUI.L  COUNTY  145 

of  Indians.  Tliey  moved  in  tlie  mood  and  ready  for  instant 
combat.  A  wife,  coming  with  her  husband,  rode  behind  him. 
They  dismounted  at  the  door,  as  it  was  winter;  ten  to  one  he 
wore  buckskin  for  coat  and  breeches,  and  a  coonskin  cap, 
while  she  was  gay  with  plaided  linsey-woolsey  of  her  own 
weaving,  cutting  and  sewing.  Her  head  was  protected  from 
the  wind  by  a  cotton  handkerchief.  Coarse  shoes  supplied  the 
place  of  slippers.  The  wedding  cake  was  of  New  England 
doughnuts.  On- the  sideboard  there  were  jugs  of  cider,  very 
hard  at  that,  and  whiskey  none  the  worse  for  its  home  brew- 
ing, and  they  were  there  to  be  drank.  The  dancing,  with 
which  the  fete  was  most  likely  rounded  olf  in  the  evening, 
was  to  a  fiddle  in  the  hand  of  a  colored  artist  who  knew  the 
plantation  jigs  as  a  mocking  bird  knows  his  whistle.  The 
pigeon-wing  with  which  the  best  dancers  celebrated  the  bal- 
ance all  was  cut  with  feet  yellow  with  moccasins.  Such  was 
in  probability  the  general  ensemble  of  the  wedding. 

"The  bride  may  have  had  an  outfit  of  better  material. 
So  recently  from  the  east,  she  may  have  had  a  veil,  a  silk 
frock  and  French  slippers.  The  bricjegroom,  of  course, 
wore  his  captain's  uniform,  glittering  with  bullet-buttons 
of  burnished  brass,  and  high  boots  becoming  an  aide  in 
favor  with  his  chief,  the  redoulital)le  Anthony  Wayne,  whom 
the  Indians  were  accustomed  to  descrilie  as  'the  warrior 
who  never  slept.'  Taken  altogether,  the  wedding  celebrated 
at  Judge  Symmes'  house  that  Xovember  day,  1795,  cannot 
be  cited  in  proof  of  a  charge  of  aristocratic  i>retension  on 
the  part  of  the  high  contracting  parties. 

"Sometime  afterwards  Judge  Synunes  met  his  son-in- 
law.  The  occasion  was  a  dinner  party  given  by  (Jeneral  Wil- 
kinson to  General  Wa^^le. 

"  'Well  sir,'  the  judge  said,  in  bad  humor,  'I  i;nderstand 
you  have  married  x\nna.' 

"  'Yes,  sir,'  Harrison  answered. 

"  'How  do  you  expect  to  sup])ort  her?' 

"  'By  my  sword  and  my  own  right  arm,'  was  the  re])ly. 

"The  judge  was  pleased,  became  reconciled,  and  in  true 
romantic  form  happily  concluded  the  affair  by  giving  the 
couple  his  blessing." 

Judges  Parsons,  Varnum  and  SjTumes,  or  any  two  of  them, 
constituted  a  court  of  common  law  jurisdiction.    Their  commis- 


146  lUSlDliY   OF  'J'HU.MBULL  COUNTY 

siou  exteuclcd  during  good  beliavior.  The  next  lower  court  was 
the  count}'  court  of  common  pleas  and  the  general  quarter  ses- 
sions of  tlie  peace.  The  court  of  common  pleas  must  consist  of 
tliree  judges,  not  more  than  seven,  and  their  jurisdiction  was 
concurrent  in  the  respective  counties  with  that  of  the  supreme 
court.  The  general  quarter  sessions  of  the  peace  was  obliged  to 
hold  three  terms  each  year,  was  limited  in  criminal  jurisdiction, 
and  the  lunnber  in  each  county  was  determined  by  the  govern- 
ment. "Single  judges  of  the  common  pleas  and  single  justices 
of  quarter  sessions  were  also  clothed  with  certain  civil  and  crim- 
inal ijowers,  to  be  exercised  outside  of  court.  The  ])robate  court 
of  each  county  had  the  jurisdiction  ordinarily  granted  to  it." 
Judge  Henry  Clay  White,  in  Bench  and  Bar  of  Ohio,  says: 

"The  expenses  of  the  system  were  defrayed  in  part  by 
the  national  government  and  in  part  by  assessment  upon 
counties,  but  principally  by  fees  which  were  payal)le  to  eveiy 
officer  concerned  in  the  administration  of  justice,  from  the 
judges  of  the  general  court  downward." 

The  quorum  which  is  often  noted  in  the  early  accounts  of 
the  history  of  Trumbull  County  consisted  of  five  justices  of  the 
peace  chosen  from  the  county  justices  who  were  appointed  by  the 
territorial  government.  This  quorum  was  required  to  meet 
three  times  a  year  (that  is,  every  four  months)  and  was  called 
the  "Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  of  the  Peace."  It  is  often  called 
"The  Primitive  Court  of  the  North- West  Territory."  Most  of 
the  diaries  and  books  of  the  early  sun'eyors  and  first  settlers 
contain  lively  descriptions  of  the  first  court  of  quarter  sessions 
for  Trumbull  County.  It  was  held  l)etween  two  corn-cribs  on 
Main  street,  near  the  spot  where  the  Erie  station  now  stands, 
in  1800.  August  25tli  chanced  to  be  a  pleasant  day,  so  there 
was  no  need  of  shelter.  Some  of  the  diaries  call  this  spot  the 
"Public  Square"  or  "Common."  As  many  men  attending  this 
session  had  to  come  on  horseback,  or  on  foot,  court  was  not 
called  until  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  It  lasted  five  days,  and 
Calvin  Pease,  one  of  the  most  capable  and  brilliant  men  of  that 
early  time,  reference  to  whom  occurs  in  several  places  in  this 
history,  writes  as  follows  : 

"Court  of  general  quarter  sessions  of  the  peace,  begun 
and  holden  at  Warren,  within  and  for  said  County  of  Trum- 


IIIS'I'OHV   OF  TIlU.MHrLl,  COUNTY  147 

bull,  on  tilt'  ioiirth  Monday  of  August,  in  tlif  year  nf  our 
Lord  1801).  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  the 
twenty-fifth.  Present.  John  Young.  Tuiiiand  Kirthuid. 
Camden  Clevehmd,  .lames  Kingsbury,  and  Eliphah't  Austin, 
esquires,  justices  of  the  (quorum,  and  others,  (heir  associates, 
justices  of  the  peace,  holding  .said  court.  The  tolldwiug  per- 
.sons  were  returned,  and  api)eaied  on  the  grand  jurv  and 
were  empaneled  and  sworn,  namely:  Simon  Persons'  ( fore 
man),  Benjamin  Stowe,  Sanmel  Menougii,  Tlawley  Tannei-. 
Charles  Day,  Ebenezer  King,  ^Vill^am  Cecil,  .loliii  Hart  Ad- 
gate,  Henry  Jjane,  Jonathan  Church,  .Jeremiah  Wilcox.  .lolin 
Partridge  Bissell,  Isaac  Palmei',  George  Pheliis,  Samuel 
<.^)uinhy  and  Moses  Parks.  The  coiirt  appointed  (ieorge 
Tod,  Es(iuire,  to  prosecute  the  pleas  of  United  States  for  the 
present  session,  who  took  the  oath  of  office.  The  court  or- 
dered that  the  private  seal  of  the  clerk  shall  ])e  considererl 
the  seal  of  the" county,  and  he  affixed  and  recognized  as  such 
till  a  pu))]ic  seal  shall  be  procured.  The  court  appointed 
.Vmos  Spafford,  Es(|.,  David  Hudson,  Es(p,  Simon  Perkins, 
Es(|..  .John  Ylinei',  Pjsq.,  Aaron  Wheeler,  Esq.,  Esward 
[certainly  Edward]  Paine,  Esq.,  and  Benjamin  Davis,  Esq., 
a  connnittee  to  divide  the  Comity  of  Trumbull  into  town- 
shijjs,  to  descril>e  the  limits  and  boundaries  of  eacli  tnwn- 
shi]),  and  to  make  report  to  the  court  thereof." 

AhlKuigh  .ludge  I'arsons  was.  so  far  as  v.'e  know,  the  tirst 
lawyer  to  take  \\\>  land  in  New  Connecticut  and  to  discharge  his 
duties  a.s  a  judge,  .John  S.  Edwards  was  the  first  to  really  prac- 
tice his  profession.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  College, 
studied  law  in  New  Haven  in  .Judge  Peeve 's  celebrated  law 
school  in  fjitchfield.  Conn.  He  was  a<lmitted  to  pi-actice  in  1799, 
being  twenty-two  years  old.  His  father  had  ohtained  the  town- 
ship of  Meso]>()tamia  in  the  distribution  of  the  land  l)y  the  Con- 
necticut Land  Comiiany,  and  young  Edwards  came  into  that 
unbroken  district  to  prepare  a  settlement.  His  granddaughter, 
Louisa  Edwards  of  Y'oungstown,  still  owns  a  farm  in  Mesopo- 
tamia.    His  son  says: 

"AYhat  other  persons  preceded  him  or  went  with  him, 
or  how  long  he  stayed,  or  what  he  accomplished,  1  am  not 
informed,  but  I  have  understood  he  was  e.specially  glad  when 

*NoTE. — Undoubtedly  a  mispriut  for  Perkins. — Ed. 


14S  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

lie  got  a  few  trees  cut  down  and  let  in  the  sun.  I  know  of  no 
incident  but  only  of  his  first  night  in  Warren,  to  which  he 
refers  in  after  time  with  amusement.  The  place  was  the 
floor  of  a  cabin,  crowded  with  emigrants,  and  somewhat  pro- 
miscuous." 

He  returned  to  Connecticut  that  fall,  but  came  back  in  the 
sjjring  and  practiced  law,  which,  of  course,  must  have  been  such 
law  as  would  pertain  to  drawing  of  papers  necessary  in  the  buy- 
ing and  selling  of  land,  the  making  of  land  contracts,  etc.,  since 
there  were  no  courts.  ^Ylien  the  county  seat  was  established, 
Governor  St.  Clair  appointed  him  recorder  of  Trumbull  County, 
and  this  office  he  held  until  the  time  of  his  death  in  1813.  He 
lived  in  Meso]jotamia  until  he  moved  to  Warren.  The  following 
is  a  i|notation  from  his  journal,  dated  Februaiy  -ith,  1801: 

'  ■  \Vt'  have  Iteeu,  as  it  were,  for  about  six  weeks  shut  out 
from  the  world,  during  a  greater  part  of  which  time  the 
snow  lias  l)cen  from  two  to  thi"ee  feet  deep  and  the  creeks 
and  rivers  almost  impassable.  Our  mails  have  been  veiy 
irregular.  I  live  as  formerly,  but,  having  a  stiller  house 
and  my  business  better  arranged,  am  able  to  pa^'  more  atten- 
tion to  my  books  and  have,  for  the  last  six  months,  spent  all 
my  leisure  time  at  them,  aud  shall  coutinue  so  to  do.  Law 
Imsiness  is  generally  very  much  increasing,  and  my  share  of 
it  in  i^articular.  Though  I  live  very  much  out  of  the  way  of 
business.  I  coumienced  for  the  coming  court  as  many  suits 
as  either  of  my  brethren.  [Probably  means  Tappan  and 
Tod.]  T  have  not  as  yet  moved  to  Warren,  but  still  have  it  in 
contemplation.  Our  country  is  rapidly  improving.  The  pros- 
pects of  the  settlement  al»out  me  seem  to  In-ighten.  Next 
spring  we  elect  our  militia  officers  from  a  brigadier  general 
down.  The  pul)lic  mind  begins  to  be  considerably  awakened 
at  its  near  api^roach,  and  there  will  be  a  vast  deal  of  heart- 
Imruing.  ^Vs  I  shall  seek  for  no  promotion  in  that  line,  aud  of 
course  shall  not  receive  any,  T  shall  remain  an  idle  spectator 
of  the  scene." 

On  .luuc  L"),  ISO!),  he  says:  ''The  business  of  my  pro- 
fession ahine  is  sutHcient  to  support  me  handsomely,  inde- 
])eiulent  of  my  recordership,  and  I  have  the  satisfaction  to 
believe  that  mine  is  the  best  of  any  of  my  brethren." 

On  October  17,  1808,  he  writes:    '"'The  multiplicity  of 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  149 

my  employment  and  tlie  constant  attention  which  I  am  under 
the  necessity  of  giving  to  my  business  leaves  me  but  little 
leisure.  *  *  *  In  my  i)roi"ession  am  very  successful, 
having  much  the  largest  share  of  the  business  within  the 
circuit. ' ' 

January  22,  1810:  "I  have  every  success  in  my  pro- 
fession which  I  have  a  right  to  expect.  I  am  alMe  to  (lo  con- 
siderably more  than  support  my  family,  aud  the  style  of  my 
living  is  equal  to  that  of  any  of  the  people  about  me.  I 
am  not  in  the  way  of  receiving  any  of  the  honors  of  office ; 
and  whether  I  could  gain  them  if  I  wished  I  do  not  know. 
having  never  made  the  experiment." 

In  this  Mr.  Edwards  was  mistaken.  In  lSt2  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  Congress  to  represent  the  sixth  district.  This  was 
the  first  congressional  election  after  the  division  of  the  state 
into  districts.  At  that  time  the  district  was  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Trumbull,  Ashtabula,  Geauga,  Cuyahoga,  Portage, 
Columbiana,  Stark,  Tuscarawas,  Wayne,  Knox  and  Richmond. 
He  did  not  live  to  take  his  seat. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwards  were  both  strong  and  unusual  char- 
acters, and  were  so  closely  identified  with  all  the  early  life  of 
Trumbull  County  that  those  interested  in  that  side  of  this  history 
will  find  much  which  is  of  interest  in  regard  to  them  in  the  earlier 
chapters. 

A  few  months  after  ]\Ir.  Edwards  arrived  in  New  Connecti- 
cut lion.  Benjamin  Tappan  appeared.  Enroute  he  had  many 
vicissitudes  and  misfortunes,  under  which  most  men  would  have 
succumbed ;  some  boats  belonging  to  his  party  were  thrown  upon 
the  lake  shore  in  a  storm,  his  first  load  of  goods  put  in  camp  was 
stolen  while  he  was  transporting  a  load  to  the  present  site  of 
Eavenna,  one  of  his  oxen  was  killed  by  being  bitten  by  insects, 
and  he  found  himself  in  a  new  country  without  food  or  money. 
He  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  had  a  good  education,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  In  1800  he  returned  to  Connecticut  and  mar- 
ried Miss  Nancy  Wright,  a  member  of  a  distinguished  family 
and  herself  a  strong  character.  He  was  attorney  in  many  im- 
portant cases  of  the  early  times,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Ohio 
bar  at  the  same  time  that  llunting-ton,  Edwards  and  Tod  were. 
He  traveled  back  and  forth  from  Ravenna  to  Warren,  attending 
court,  and  was  one  of  the  lawyers  in  the  McMahon  case.  In  1803 
he  was  chosen  to  represent  Tnimbull  district  in  the  Ohio  senate, 


150  niSTOEY  OF  TltUMBULL  COUXTY 

and  served  one  year.  Portage  eouiity  was  formed  from  Trum- 
bull in  1807,  and  the  act  erecting  this  county  designated  his 
house  as  the  place  of  holding  the  first  court.  It  is  a  tradition, 
not  wholly  verified,  that  when  the  proper  officers  proceeded  to 
his  house  on  the  morning  court  was  to  ojjen  they  found  it  burned 
to  the  ground.  So  the  court  of  this  county,  like  that  of  its 
mother,  Trumbull,  was  first  held  with  the  ti'ees  and  the  skies  as  a 
cover.  Mr.  Tappan's  life  from  beginning  to  end  was  eventful, 
but  after  the  year  18(18  its  narrative  does  not  belong  in  Trumbull 
County  history.  He  Avas,  however,  aide-de-camp  to  General 
Wadsworth  in  the  war  of  1812,  judge  of  the  fifth  Ohio  circuit, 
United  States  judge  for  Ohio;  and  United  States  senator  from 
1839-45.  lie  was  a  good  linguist  and  compiled  "Tapjian's  Re- 
ports.'' 

George  Tod  came  to  New  Comiecticut  in  18UU,  about  the  time 
of  Mr.  Edwards'  arrival.  He  was  born  in  Suffield,  Connecticut, 
in  1773;  graduated  from  Yale  in  1797;  he  taught  school,  read 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Connecticut.  He  married 
Miss  Sallie  Isaacs  in  1797.  She  was  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Ingersoll, 
whose  husband  was  governor.  Two  of  his  children,  Charlotte 
and  Jonathan,  were  born  in  Cormecticut.  He  was  appointed 
prosecuting  attorney  at  the  first  term  of  court  held  in  Trumbull 
County,  Warren,  in  1800.  He  was  identified  with  almost  evei^' 
important  act  connected  with  the  settlement  of  the  new  country. 
He  was  townshi]:)  clerk  in  1802-03-01;  senator  from  Trumbull 
County  for  1804  and  1805 ;  again  in  1810  and  1811.  In  1806  he 
was  ajjpointed  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  the  next  year  was  elected  by  the  legislature  to  the 
same  place.  He  was  lieutenant  colonel  in  the  war  of  1812.  He 
held  the  office  of  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  from  1815 
to  1829.  and  a  few  years  later  held  the  office  of  prosecuting  attor- 
ney for  one  term.  He  was  sixty-eight  years  old  when  he  died 
in  1841.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  at  the  time  of  the  indict- 
ment of  Joseph  Mc]\rahon  foi'  murder. 

No  history  nor  even  short  historical  sketch  of  the  early 
Trumbull  County  has  ever  b^en  written  which  did  not  refer  to 
the  murder  connnitted  at  Salt  Springs.  Because  this  pertains 
largely  to  law,  it  is  given  here. 

Joseph  McMahon,  a  trader  and  somewhat  of  a  w^anderer. 
with  his  wife  and  children,  lived  in  several  dift'erent  places  in 
and  adjoining  Warren.  At  that  time  the  Indians  were  very  nu- 
merous in  this  part  of  the  country,  but  gave  the  settlers  little 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  151 

real  trouble  unless  they  were  under  the  influence  of  ''tire-water." 
MeMahon  was  not  of  the  same  moral  standing  as  were  most  of 
the  other  settlers  in  Warren.  He  lived  here  as  early  as  1797, 
and  x^ossibh'  earlier.  In  1800  he  lived  at  Salt  Springs,  and  in 
July  he,  with  two  other  white  men,  was  engaged  in  making  salt. 
The  old  Indian  trail  and  the  traders'  path  from  Youugstown  to 
Sandusky  led  bj'  this  spring.  Indians,  having  been  in  Youngs- 
town,  became  intoxicated  enough  to  be  quarrelsome,  and  on  their 
return  stopped  at  Salt  Springs  with  their  squaws  and  papooses. 
A  carousal  Avas  begun  in  which  McMahon  and  the  two  white  men 
joined.  Bad  blood  was  soon  evident,  and  the  Indians  drove  the 
white  men  away.  After  the  men  had  gone  the  Indians  began 
to  tease  McIMahon's  wife,  and  threatened  to  kill  her  and  her  chil- 
dren. McMahon  was  working  on  an  adjoining  place.  Mrs.  Mc- 
Mahon took  her  children  and  went  to  her  husband,  stayed  over 
night,  and  he  returned  with  lier  in  the  morning.  The  matter  was 
talked  over  with  the  Indians  who  were  encamped  near  them,  and 
apparently  a  satisfactory  agreement  arrived  at.  McMahon  re- 
turned to  Storer's  to  work.  However,  the  Indians  again  became 
abusive,  and  struck  one  of  the  McMahon  children  with  the  handle 
of  his  tomahawk.  As  this  had  been  going  on  for  four  of  five 
days.  Mrs.  McMahon  again  became  alarmed,  and  started  out  to 
meet  her  husband.  Again  they  stayed  all  night  at  the  Storer's, 
and  the  matter  was  talked  over.  On  Sunday  McMahon  came  into 
Warren  for  consultation  with  the  settlers,  and  about  thirteen 
men  and  two  boys  returned  with  him  to  Salt  Springs.  Mr.  Quinby 
led  the  party,  and,  when  a  little  distance  from  the  Springs, 
halted,  expecting  to  leave  the  rest  of  the  party  while  he  went  on 
to  see  the  Indians.  This  he  did.  He  talked  with  Captain  George, 
a  Tuscarawa,  and  Spotted  John,  a  Seneca,  who  was  partly  white. 
They  laughed  off  the  matter,  saying  that  the  white  men  drank 
up  all  the  Indians'  whiskey  and  then  would  not  let  them  have 
any  of  theirs,  but  agreed  to  do  them  no  further  harm.  They 
agreed  that  McMahon  and  his  family  could  return  and  would  not 
be  molested.  McMahon  had  not  obeyed  orders,  had  not  halted, 
and  when  [Mr.  Quinby  saw  him  coming  and  tried  to  stop  him,  he 
would  not  heed.  Going  on  to  Captain  George,  he  asked  him, 
"Are  you  for  peace  or  war!  Yesterday  you  had  your  men ;  now 
I've  got  mine."  A  tomahawk  w^as  sticking  in  the  tree  and  Captain 
George  raised  himself  from  his  position,  seized  it,  apparently 
to  sink  it  in  McMahon 's  head.  Mc]\Iahon  was  too  near  to  shoot, 
but,  jumping  back,  fired,  hitting  the  Indian  in  the  bi'east  and 


152  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

killing  Mm.  McAIahon,  greatly  excited,  seeing  tlie  Indians  spring 
for  their  weaiaons,  called  on  the  whites  to  shoot,  and  Storer,  see- 
ing that  Spotted  John  was  aiming  at  him  from  behind  a  tree 
where  he,  his  sqnaw  and  papooses  were  hiding,  fired.  "tStorer's 
ball  passed  through  Spotted  John's  hip,  broke  a  boy's  arm, 
passed  under  the  cords  in  the  neck  of  his  girl  and  grazed  the 
throat  of  his  squaw."  All  was  immediate  confusion.  The  whites 
beat  a  hasty  retreat,  the  two  boys  who  had  come  with  McMahon 
ran  a  distance  of  nearly  three  miles  without  stopping.  The 
Indians  buried  the  bodies — or,  rather,  half  buried  them — and 
departed,  leaving  the  wounded  squaw  and  her  children.  They 
locating  their  camp  near  Newton  Falls.  The  wounded  woman 
immediately  set  out  for  tlie  residence  of  Hillman,  who  seemed 
to  be  the  friend  of  all  in  distress,  and  covered  the  nine  miles  in 
an  hour  and  a  half.  Both  Indians  and  white  men  were  greatly 
astonished  over  Avhat  had  happened.  None  of  them  expected  it, 
unless  it  was  McMahon.  The  white  men  had  gone  with  him  be- 
lieving to  find  that  he  was  an  aggressor.  He  was  arrested,  and 
taken  to  Pittsburg  for  safety.  A  little  later,  as  the  rendezvous 
had  been  on  the  Storer  place,  there  was  some  talk  of  arresting 
Storer.  Having  learned  of  this,  he  disappeared.  In  talking  with 
Leonard  Case  Sr.,  whose  mind  was  very  fair  and  judicial.  Storer 
said  he  had  gone  to  Salt  Springs  with  the  intention  only  of  set- 
tling the  difficulty.  ' ' He  had  suddenly  found  himself  in  imminent 
and  instant  danger  of  being  shot,  without  any  iDossible  means  of 
escape.  He  had  shot  to  save  his  own  life."  Storer,  like  many 
other  citizens  of  this  region,  did  not  Imow  that  the  United  States 
had  assumed  legal  jurisdiction  over  this  territory,  and  not  know- 
ing by  whom  he  would  be  tried,  feared  to  stay.  He  was  a  gentle- 
man, and  never  ceased  to  regret  he  had  been  drawn  into  this 
affair.  He  left  Warren,  after  a  few  years'  stay.  "On  Monday, 
Mrs.  Storer  mounted  her  two  horses  with  her  three  children  and 
what  goods  and  clothing  she  could  carry  and  started  for  her 
former  home  in  AVashington  county,  Pennsylvania,  alone,  except 
that  Mr.  Mills  of  Nelson,  Avho  was  on  his  way  to  Beaver,  accom- 
panied her  as  far  as  the  latter  place.  The  rest  of  her  property 
was  left  to  such  care  as  a  few  friendly  neighbors  could  give  it." 
James  Hillman,  who  knew  and  understood  the  Indians  as 
well  as  he  did  the  whites,  acted  as  peace  maker,  and  finally  per- 
suaded the  Indians  to  take  up  their  hunting,  and  the  whites  who 
had  gathered  at  Quinby's  to  go  back  to  their  homes,  and  there 
was  no  further  trouble.    In  Septem])er  these  men  were  tried  at 


HISTORY  OF  TRX-:\rr>rLL  COrXTY  153 

YouDgstown  before  Justice  lluutingtoii.  Ketiiiu  J.  Meigs  and 
Governor  St.  Clair  attended.  George  Tod  acted  as  prosecutor, 
while  McMahon  was  defended  by  John  S.  Edwards,  Benjamin 
Tappan,  who  was  the  first  attorney  in  the  territory  now  known 
as  Portage  county,  Kavenna,  and  ]\Ir.  Sample,  of  Pittsburg. 
McMahon  was  not  found  guilty.  This  was  the  first  case  of  any 
importance  tried  in  old  Trumbull  County.  The  stories  told  by 
diaries,  letters  and  word  of  mouth  differ  somewhat.  We  have 
rather  lieen  taught  to  think  that  McMahon  should  have  been 
hung.    Leonard  Case  says  : 

"The  writer  has  heard  that  (Mc'Mahon's)  verdict  se- 
verely criticised,  but  he  has  no  doubt  that  it  was  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  law  as  generally  applied  to  murders — the 
evidence  being  as. there  given.  Moreover,  those  jurors  would 
have  compared  favorably  with  the  jurors  selected  to  try 
like  cases  at  the  present  day.  Joseph  and  John  Filles,  two 
young  men,  who  were  at  the  Salt  Springs  during  the  fracas, 
some  three  days  afterwards  stayed  at  the  house  of  the  father 
of  the  writer.  They  both  made  a  statement  to  us,  whicli  was 
never  given  in  evidence,  which  would  have  been  material  to 
show  George's  motive.  It  was  this.  During  the  drunl^:en 
scrape  George  several  times  said  that  lie  had  killed  nineteen 
white  men  and  wanted  to  kill  one  more  to  make  an  even  num- 
ber. But  the  Filles  left  for  the  Ohio,  and  were  not  at  the 
McMahon  trial." 

Storer  Avas  acquitted.  Thus  the  first  important  trial  on  the 
Western  Reserve,  like  the  last  one.  created  differences  of  opinion 
among  the  residents  of  the  community,  and  judges  were  accused 
of  unfairness. 

Among  the  early  lawyers  most  familiar  with  the  Western 
Reserve  was  Samuel  Huntington.  He  was  the  nei^hew  and 
adopted  son  of  Gov.  Samuel  Huntington,  a  signer  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence.  Like  most  of  the  first  lawyers  of  the  new 
country,  he  was  a  graduate  of  Yale,  and  had  been  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  law  in  his  native  state.  In  1800  he  came  to  Ohio 
and  lived  at  different  times  in  Youngstown,  Cleveland  and 
Painesville.  He  held  numerous  offices,  was  a  state  senator  from 
Trumbull  County,  judge  of  the  supreme  court  and  governor  of 
the  state.  In  1801  he  removed  from  Youngstown  to  Cleveland, 
although  he  was  obliged  to  come  to  Warren  througii  the  woods 


lr^i  IIISTUEY  OF  TIJUMBULL  COUA'TY 

to  attend  conrt.  He  was  perhaps  tlie  most  fortuuate  iu  a  tiuaii- 
cial  way  of  any  of  the  lawyers  of  his  time.  His  house,  built  at 
Cleveh^ud,  was  the  most  spacious  and  comfortable  of  any  of  the 
homes  on  the  Eeserve.  He  kept  servants  and  had  a  governess 
for  his  children.  He  was  finely  educated  in  other  directions  than 
law,  speaking  French  fluently.  He  had  had  advantage  of  travel 
and  foreign  study.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  state  constitution,  and  for  nearly  half  the  session  he 
was  the  only  representative  that  Trumbull  County  had  in  that 
l)od\'.  In  spite  of  all  these  advantages,  he  still  had  to  endui'e  the 
hardships  of  the  ordinary  frontiersman.  He  rode  his  horse 
through  swamps,  swinnuing  streams,  carrying  his  law  books 
with  him.  When  these  early  lawyers  went  in  some  directions 
thej-  were  obliged  to  take  an  extra  horse  upon  whicli  they  packed 
not  only  their  books,  their  clothing,  but  provisions  for  themselves 
and  their  horses  as  well,  because  the  Indians  could  not  be  de- 
pended upon  to  provide  even  horse  feed.  As  there  were  no 
bridges,  and  as  the  streams  were  mncb  fuller  in  those  days  than 
now,  all  early  ministers  and  lawyers,  in  buying  horses,  had  to  be 
assured  that  tlie  animals  were  good  swimmers.  Many  of  these 
early  professional  men  ran  great  danger  from  flood,  Indians  and 
wild  animals.  .ludge  Huntington  once  fought  a  pack  of  wolves 
within  what  is  now  the  residence  portion  of  Cleveland  with  an 
umbrella,  and  owed  his  deliverance  to  this  implement  and  to  the 
Heetness  of  his  horse.  A  great  portion  of  his  life  was  spent  in 
Trumbull  County. 

It  Avill  be  remembered  that  next  tu  Augustus  Porter,  the 
ranking  surveyor  and  the  only  astronomer  who  accompanied 
Moses  Cleaveland's  party  wa^  Seth  Pease.  His  reports  are  in 
the  possession  of  the  Western  Reserve  Historical  Society,  and 
much  of  the  valuable  information  which  we  have  came  from  him. 
He  did  not  settle  permanently  in  New  Connecticut.  His  brother 
Calvin,  who  was  born  in  1776  and  came  west  in  1800.  was  one 
of  the  l)est  beloved  and  able  attorneys  of  that  time.  There  is 
no  record  that  he  received  a  college  education,  as  did  most  of  his 
associates,  but  Gideon  Granger,  who  was  postmaster  general 
under  Jefferson,  married  his  sister,  and  he  was  a  student  in 
Granger's  office.  Although  he  was  not  admitted  to  the  bar  until 
October,  he  was  appointed  first  clerk  of  the  court  of  quarter  ses- 
sions held  in  August  in  Warren.  Pie  was  elected  president-judge 
of  the  court  of  common  pleas  of  the  third  circuit,  which  included 
AVasliinglou.    Belmont,    Jefferson,    Columbiana    and    Tnnnbull 


Ul.S'J'OliV   OF  Tltr.MHULL  COUNTY  155 

counties.  lie  was  nut  ((uite  twenty-seven  wlteu  he  was  elected, 
yet  he  jvidicionsly  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office.  In  ISIG 
he  entered  ujion  liis  dut.y  as  a  judge  of  the  supreme  conrt.  At 
one  time  the  legishiture  passed  an  act  providing  that  "justices 
of  the  peace  shoukl  have  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  to  the  amount 
of  $50,  without  the  right  of  trial  by  jury."  The  supreme  court 
held  that  this  was  in  coiitiict  with  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  which  declared  ■"in  suits  of  common  law  when  the  value 
in  controversy  shnll  exceed  $l'(l,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall 
he  preserved."  and  also  of  the  state  constitution,  which  declares 
■"the  right  of  trial  liy  jury  shall  be  inviolate."  This  <!ecision 
created  a  great  deal  of  discussion,  and  so  incensed  weie  the  mem- 
bers of  the  legislature  that  charges  for  impeachment  were 
brought  against  Pease  and  Tod.  There  were  three  counts  against 
Pease.  The  trial  was  had  in  the  senate  chamber  of  the  capitol, 
eminent  attorneys  serving,  and  the  judges  were  acquitted.  From 
that  day  the  right  of  the  supreme  court  to  pass  on  the  constitu- 
tionality of  laws  lias  seldom  been  even  c(uestioned.  Judge  Pease 
was  a  senator  in  1812.  Tie  was  full  of  wit  and  humor,  and  when 
attending  court,  as  well  as  at  home,  was  plajdng  pranks  on  his 
fellow  law\-ers.  It  is  said  that  he  used  to  take  the  crutch  of 
Tliomas  ]).  Welti),  when  the  lawyers  were  away  from  home  at 
court,  and  in  the  night  hobble  into  the  rooms  of  the  other  attor- 
neys, play  ])ranks  of  all  sorts  in  such  a  way  that  the  persons 
teased  believed  AVel)l)  to  be  the  aggressor.  In  spite  of  this  vein 
of  humor,  he  was  exceedingly  dignitied  on  the  bench.  Judge 
Thui'man  says  of  him: 

"One  of  the  finest  si)ecimens  of  manhood  I  ever  saw  was 
( 'alvin  Pease,  then  chief  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  dressed 
in  a  way  that  would  make  a  dude  faint,  the  most  perfect 
dress  I  ever  saw  on  a  man,  and  the  nicest  ruffles  on  his  shirt 
bosom,  looking  the  very  heau-ideal  of  a  gentleman  of  the 
olden  times.  By  his  side  sat  Peter  Hitchcock.  Now  what  a 
team  was  that!  "Woe  unto  that  man  who  had  a  bad  cause 
and  tried  to  palm  it  off  onto  them.  "What  great  men  they 
were !  Hitchcock  was  on  the  bench  much  longer  than  Pease, 
though  Pease  achieved  a  wonderful  reputation  and  a  de- 
served one,  so  much  so  that  Thomas  Ewing  once  said  to  me, 
that  of  all  the  judges  he  had  ever  appeared  before,  in  his 
opinion  Calvin  Pease  was  the  greatest." 

"Wlien  Gen.  Simon  Perkins  was  wanting  a  name  for 


156  HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

liis  new  to'\\Ti,  which  was  set  upon  a  hill,  he  appealed  to  Mr. 
Oloott  for  one  that  should  be  significant,  but  upon  which 
-Fudge  Pease  could  not  pun.  'Call  it  Akron,  since  it  is  on  a 
summit'  said  Mr.  Olcott,  and  the  suggestion  was  accepted. 
Later  General  Perkins  laughingly  boasted  to  Judge  Pease 
that  his  town  had  a  name  that  could  not  be  punned  upon, 
namely,  Akron.  'AJkron,  Akron,'  said  Judge  Pease.  'Oh, 
Acheron ! '  Now,  Acheron  in  heathen  mythology  is  the  name 
of  a  river  in  hell." 

Virginia  Eeid,  a  great-granddaughter  of  Elisha  "Whittlesey, 
prepared  the  following  at  the  request  of  the  author : 

Elisha  Whittlesey  was  born  October  19,  1783,  in  Washing- 
ton, Connecticut.  His  father  was  a  descendant  of  John  "Wliit- 
tlesey,  who  came  to  this  country  from  England  about  1630. 

In  Elisha 's  early  boyhood  he  worked  on  his  father's  farm 
and  attended  the  district  school.  One  of  his  early  teachers  was 
the  Eev.  Jeremiah  Day,  who  was  aftenvard  president  of  Yale 
College. 

In  1792  the  father  of  Elisha  sold  his  farm  and  bought  an- 
other in  Salisbury,  distant  about  30  miles.  This  was  a  long 
journey  in  those  days,  and  the  thought  of  such  a  separation  was 
so  painful  to  both  the  Whittleseys  and  their  friends  that  special 
services  were  held  in  the  church,  and  on  the  day  of  their,  depar- 
ture the  "Farewell  Anthem"  Avas  sung  by  a  weeping  crowd,  as 
the  wagons  were  about  to  start. 

While  Elisha  was  still  cjiiite  a  young  boy  he  was  sent  to 
Danbury  to  stay  in  the  family  of  his  older  brother  Matthew  and 
go  to  school.  The  day  he  reached  Danbury  was  wet  and  gloomy, 
and,  wet  with  the  rain  and  spattered  with  mud,  he  says  he  was 
homesick  for  the  first  and  only  time  in  his  life. 

At  this  time  Mr.  Comfort  Mygatt  lived  in  Danbury  and  was 
the  father  of  a  very  charming  little  daughter,  Polly.  One  day 
Polly  was  coming  home  from  school  in  her  father's  sleigh  when 
she  saw  Elisha  struggling  along  through  the  snow.  She  per- 
suaded the  man  who  was  driving  to  stop  and  take  him  in.  Mr. 
Wliittlesey  said  to  the  end  of  his  life  that  he  fell  in  love  with 
Polly  at  that  moment,  and  it  is  certain  that  the  boy  and  girl 
friendshiy)  thus  formed  ripened  in  after  years  into  a  very  happy 
marriage. 

In  1803  ElLsha  commenced  the  study  of  law,  and  in  the 
March  term  of  1805  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  His  first  practice 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  157 

was  in  New  Milfoixl,  and  was  of  short  duration,  for  at  that 
period  he  met  two  gentlemen  from  Caufield,  Ohio,  and  npon  con- 
versation with  them  the  young-  lawyer  decided  to  cross  the  Al- 
leghanies  and  establish  himself  upon  the  borders  of  the  great 
west.  This  at  that  time  meant  a  long  and  difficult  journey,  and 
before  lie  left  he  i^ersuaded  Polly  jNIygatt  that  this  would  make  a 
new  and  unusual  wedding  trip.  They  were  married  on  the  5th 
of  January,  1806,  although  Polly's  father  had  some  doubts  as  to 
tlie  wisdom  of  trusting  his  daughter  to  Elisha  Whittlesey,  who, . 
he  felt  sure,  would  never  amount  to  much. 

They  set  out  on  their  journey  the  3rd  of  June,  1807,  and 
reached  Caufield,  Ohio,  the  27th  of  the  same  month.  The  record 
of  the  trip,  written  afterward  by  Mr.  Whittlesey,  presents  a 
most  natural  and  life-like  ]iicture  of  the  country  and  the  manner 
and  custom  of  the  people.  He  concludes  witli  this  sentence: 
"The  journey  was  ended  on  the  27th  of  June,  in  a  clear  day,  and 
the  sun  set  as  regularly  in  the  west  as  at  Danbury. " 

Miss  Jessie  Bostwick  accompanied  them,  and  when  they 
were  within  a  short  distance  of  Canfield  she  and  Mrs.  AVhittlesey 
insisted  on  stopping  for  a  little  while  that  they  might  arrange 
their  hair  and  put  on  their  new  bonnets,  brought  with  them  from 
Connecticut  for  that  purpose.  They  wished  to  enter  the  town  in 
state,  and  were  much  surprised  to  find  that  it  consisted  only  of 
a  little  group  of  log  houses,  with  but  very  few  people  to  witness 
their  impressive  entry. 

For  the  first  year  the  young  couijle  lived  in  the  same  house 
with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cook  Fitch,  and  so  limited  were  their  supi^lies 
that  they  had  only  four  chairs  for  the  two  households,  so  that 
it  reciuired  some  management  to  seat  guests. 

On  one  occasion,  after  the  birth  of  Mrs.  "Wliittlesey's  first 
child,  she  and  Mrs.  Fitch  were  alone  in  the  house,  each  with  her 
baby  in  her  arms,  when  a  jiarty  of  drunken  Indians  came  and 
demanded  food.  Xeitlier  woman  dared  to  be  left  alone  with  the 
Indians,  nor  to  lay  down  her  child,  so  they  went  back  and  forth 
together,  carrying  the  liabies  and  In'iugiug  food  xmtil  their  dis- 
agreeable guests  were  satisfied.  After  the  Indians  left  Mvs. 
Whittlesey  was  still  more  anxious,  for  they  took  the  road  toward 
Warren,  and  she  knew  her  husliand  must  be  returning  home  that 
way.  Fortunately,  however,  they  did  not  meet,  and  he  I'eached 
Canfield  in  safety. 

Mr.  Whittlesey  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ohio  by  the 
supreme  court,  then  sitting  at  Warren,  in  what  was  called  the 


158  mSTOHY  OF  TUrMBFLL  COUNTY 

Graeter  House,  lie  jn'actioed  his  profession  with  great  energy 
from  that  date  until  he  went  to  AV'ashington  in  1841.  He  attended 
to  his  farm  also,  taught  the  district  school  for  several  years  and 
at  a  later  period  received  a  nnmher  of  law  students  into  his 
office,  some  of  whom  have  since  heen  among  the  most  distin- 
guished of  our  public  men. 

In  1810  General  Elijah  AVadsworth  ajjpointed  him  his  aide- 
de-camp,  and  in  1812  he  entered  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States  in  the  war  with  Great  Britain.  He  was  later  appointed 
brigade  major  and  inspector  under  General  Perkins,  and  re- 
mained in  this  position  until  the  troops  were  discharged  in  1813. 

The  first  civil  office  held  by  Mr.  AVhittlesey  was  that  of  dis- 
trict or  prosecuting  attorney  for  the  coimty  of  Trmnbull.  He 
had  many  amusing  experiences  in  his  rides  about  the  country, 
and  that  those  were  not  the  days  of  race  suicide  is  proven  by  the 
fact  that  one  morning  when  he  stopped  at  a  farm  home  he  was 
greeted  by  the  news  that  the  mistress  of  the  house  had  just  pre- 
sented her  husband  with  her  twenty-first  child.  Mr.  Whittlesey 
himself  became  the  father  of  ten  children,  all  but  one  of  whom 
survived  him. 

In  1820  and  1821  he  was  elected  rejjresentative  in  the  state 
legislature. 

He  was  tiist  elected  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  in 
1822.  and  was  seven  times  thereafter  returned  to  his  seat  by  his 
constituents,  until  in  1837  he  resigned.  During  a  great  part  of 
this  time  he  was  cliairmaii  of  the  committee  on  claims.  This 
cnnnnittee  Avas  oue  of  the  most  imiiortant  of  all  the  committees 
of  the  house,  re((uiring  a  clear  head,  a  deep  sense  of  eqiiity,  the 
strictest  ])robity  and  the  most  jiatient  industry. 

In  1822  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Eben  Xewton. 
wiiich  continued  until  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison 
auditor  of  the  treasury  for  the  postoffice  department.  He  did 
much  good  work  in  this  office,  which  he  held  until  1843. 

In  1847  he  was  appointed  general  agent  of  the  Washington 
Monument  Association,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1849,  when  he 
was  a])pointed  by  President  Taylor  first  comptroller  of  the  treas- 
uiy.  He  held  this  office  through  the  Taylor  and  Fillmore  admin- 
istrations, but  resigned  when  President  Pierce  was  elected,  as 
they  were  of  opposing  political  parties;  but  the  president  was 
so  strongly  impressed  with  the  value  of  his  services  that  he  in- 
sisted on  his  rcuiainiug  in  office.    U]xjn  the  election  of  President 


II1ST(3RY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  \M 

Buclianan   lie   a,i;;iiii   jireseiited  liis   resignation,   \vliicli    \va>  ac^ 
cepted. 

Tn  May,  1S()].  lie  was  again  apjiointeil  ctinijitrollcr  l)>  I'resi- 
(lent  Lincoln,  and  on  this  oecasion  many  eonunendations  were 
issned  by  the  pnblic  i)ress,  in  one  of  wliioli  the  wi'iter  says  : 

"The  President  of  the  United  States  has  recalled  to 
the  otifice  of  coni])troller  of  the  treasnry  the  lion,  hjlisha 
Wliittlesey  of  Ohio,  and  that  distiugnished  scholar  and 
statesman  has  accepted  the  jiost  of  honor  and  responsibility 
assigned  to  hini.  lie  is  a  remarkable  and  most  woncU'rful 
man.  It  was  he  who  i-edeemed  the  postoftice  department 
from  absolnte  chaos,  lie  is  endowed  with  talents  which  most 
admirably  tit  hini  foi'  the  office  of  coniittroller,  through 
whose  hands  every  claim  against  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  real  or  nnfonmled,  must  pass.  Ko  just  claim 
was  ever  rejected  by  liim  and  no  unjust  one  ever  succeeded 
in  obtaining  access  to  the  national  treasury.  Even  the  fa- 
mous Gardiner  claim  was  not  allowed  l>y  him,  and  only  suc- 
ceeded for  a  time  because  of  the  iTiterference  of  a  congres- 
sional commission.  If  he  had  remained  in  his  i)lace  during 
the  last  administration  he  would  have  rmqiiestionably  have 
saved  the  country  many  millions  of  dollars  which  were  stolen 
by  the  clespei'adoes  who  hail  found  their  way  into  tlie 
cabinet." 

"And  the  very  highest  compliment,"  says  another 
writer,  "was  paid  to  him  in  the  fact  that  those  of  more  lax 
and  careless  political  and  tinancial  ethics  long  derisively 
styled  him  the  'watch  dog  of  the  Treasury.' 

In  1855  'Sir.  AVhittlest'y  sutfered  a  great  loss  in  the  death  of 
liis  beloved  "unfe.  who  had  been  his  constant  and  devoted  com- 
panion, so  during  his  later  years  he  was  a  lonely  man. 

On  January  7,  ISfi.'l,  he  attended  to  business  as  usual,  had 
an  interview  Avith  the  President,  went  to  Georgetown  to  attend 
to  some  affairs  there,  and  returned  feeling  somewhat  fatigued. 
as  he  had  not  been  in  his  usual  health  for  a  few  days.  As  was 
his  custom,  lie  wrote  in  his  diary  liefore  retiring  for  the  night, 
and  as  he  laid  aside  the  pen  he  was  seized  with  an  attack  of 
a})oplexy.  A  servant  hearing  a  slight  sound  in  his  room  went  to 
his  assistance,  but  he  was  past  mortal  help.  His  son  reached 
him  in  a  few  moments,  but  so  brief  was  the  time  of  his  ]iassing 


100  HISTOEY  OF  TKUMBIJLL  COUNTY 

that  the  ink  was  not  yet  dry  on  the  last  words  he  had  written 
wlien  all  was  over. 

In  the  patriotic  de\otion  of  his  life  no  man  of  his  generation 
surpassed  him.  He  loved  the  church,  he  loved  his  country  and 
gloried  as  a  Christian  statesman  in  all  the  triumphs  of  one  and 
in  all  the  prosperity  of  the  other.  His  name  shall  not  be  alto- 
gether forgotten.  "The  memory  of  the  just  is  blessed,  and  the 
vighteous  shall  he  held  in  everlasting  remembrance." 

Although  Judge  Mathew  Birchard  was  born  in  Massachu- 
setts, his  father  settled  in  Windham  when  he  was  only  eight 
years  old.  He  had  academical  advantages,  and  studied  with 
Roswell  Stone.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817,  and  formed 
a  partnership  with  David  Tod.  He  was  appointed  postmaster  in 
1829,  was  president-judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,  resign- 
ing in  1836.  He  served  three  years  as  solicitor  in  the  general 
land  office  at  Washington,  having  been  appointed  by  Jackson. 
Van  Buren  i)romoted  him  to  the  office  of  solicitor  of  the  treasury, 
which  place  he  held  until  1841.  He  was  elected  to  the  supreme 
bench  in  1842,  two  years  of  which  time  he  was  chief  justice.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  by  the  Democrats  as  a  representative  to  the 
general  assembly.  A  contemporary  says  that  his  knowledge  of 
law  was  very  clear,  that  he  prepared  his  cases  with  great  care, 
and  seemed  to  have  the  qualities  which  particularly  adapted  him 
for  judicial  life.  As  he  lived  in  a  strong  Whig  community,  he 
had  to  overcome  some  prejudice,  and  labored  under  some  dis- 
advantages. 

Hon.  Milton  Sutliff  was  the  first  man  elected  to  the  supreme 
bench  who  was  born  in  Trumbull  County.  Vernon  was  his  home, 
and  he  was  born  in  the  year  1806.  He,  too,  was  coimected  with 
Gideon  Granger,  his  mother  being  a  cousin.  She  was' a  woman 
of  strong  sense,  resolution,  and  had  a  remarkable  memory.  She 
was  a  great  reader,  as  was  also  his  father.  Milton  comj^leted 
the  college  course  at  Western  Reserve  in  two  years.  He  had  a 
magnificent  constitution.  As  a  yoimg  man  he  taiight  in  the  south 
and  ))ecame  very  much  impressed  with  the  slavery  question.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1824,  and  immediately  began  prac- 
ticing. He  was  elected  to  the  Ohio  senate  in  1850.  Here  he  had 
a  chance  to  do  much  good  work  for  the  anti-slavery  committee. 
In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  supreme  bench  of  this  state.  He 
Avas  a  life-long  student,  a  man  of  extraordinary  oratorical 
} lowers,  and  a  good  citizen.    At  the  close  of  his  judicial  life  he 


HISTOUY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUiYTY  101 

began  lu-aeticiug  liis  i)ioi'e,ssion  iu  Warreu,  aud  continued  this 
until  his  deatli.  In  liis  will  lie  left  a  sum  of  money  to  the  youth 
of  Warren,  to  be  used  for  a  j^lace  of  amusement.  The  wording 
of  this  clause  of  his  will  showed  clearly  that  lie  intended  this  to 
benefit  both  girls  aud  boys.  For  many  years  this  money  was 
not  used,  because  it  did  not  seem  possible  to  establish  a  social 
hall  such  as  the  will  called  for.  It  was  not  understood  exactly 
what  was  meant.  Finally  it  was  combined  with  the  Carnegie 
Fund  and  iised  in  erecting  a  library.  The  lower  room  in  this 
library  is  known  as  Sutliff  Hall,  and  as  this  is  being  written,  is 
used  by  the  young  men  of  the  city  as  a  gymnasimn.  So,  thirty- 
one  years  after  the  will  of  Milton  Sutliff,  conditions  are  such  as 
to  make  it  possible  to  carry  out  in  part  the  provisions  of  the  will. 

Trumbull  Comity  has  had  upon  the  supreme  bench  of  Ohio 
Samuel  Huntington,  George  Tod,  Calvin  Pease,  Mathew 
Birchard,  Milton  Sutlilf  and  Wm.  T.  Spear. 

One  of  the  most  picturesque  personalities  of  the  Ti'umbull 
Bar  was  Gen.  John  Crowell.  He  was  born  in  1801  and,  like  most 
of  the  attorneys  who  began  practice  in  the  '20s  and  '30s,  he  was 
l)oor  and  self-educated.  His  father  was  a  carpenter  living  in 
Ashtabula  county.  He  worked  on  the  farm  most  of  the  year, 
attending  school  a  little  while  each  winter.  When  he  was  twenty- 
two  he  walked  to  Warren  from  Eome  to  attend  the  acad- 
emy at  Warren,  of  which  E.  R.  Thompson  was  teacher. 
Here  he  studied  irregularly  until  1825,  when  he  read  law  in  the 
office  of  Hon.  T.  1).  A\'ebh.  During  this  time  he  was  a  teacher  in 
this  same  academy.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
immediately  ui)on  his  admittance,  1827.  He  also  went  into  part- 
nership with  George  Hapgood,  in  the  Western  Reserve  Chron- 
icle, and  wrote  most  of  the  editorials  and  like  articles.  He  was 
a  successful  debater,  and  greatly  enjoyed  it.  He  was  elected  to 
the  senate  in  1840,  and  to  Congress  in  1846-48.  In  1852  he  re- 
moved to  Cleveland,  and  the  rest  of  his  life,  which  was  very 
successful,  was  passed  in  Cuyahoga  coimty.  He  married  Eliza 
B.  Estabrook,  aunt  of  Miss  Mary  Estabrook,  now  residing  iu 
Warren.  His  children  were  a  credit  to  him;  one  of  them,  Julia 
Crowell,  was  always  more  or  less  attached  to  her  Warren 
friends,  and  visited  here  occasionally  as  long  as  she  lived.  Al- 
though Gen.  Crowell  saw  hard  times  in  his  youth,  as  he  grew 
older  and  more  successful  he  was  somewhat  pompous.  He  had 
the  old-fashioned  oratory,  and  one  time  in  addressing  a  .iui'v  he 
<|uoted  Latin  as  follows:     "Procul,  procul,  esto  profani."    Gen. 


162  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

Lucius  V.  Bierce,  who  was  an  attorney  on  the  other  side  of  the 
case,  taking  a  piece  of  i^aper,  wrote  the  following: 

' '  Procul,  procul,  esto  prof ani, ' ' 

Cried  Gen.  John  Crowell,  with  uplifted  mani. 

' '  Proeul,  procul,  esto  prof  ani, 

If  I  'm  not  a  damn  fool,  pray  tell  me  what  am  I. ' ' 

This  was  j^assed  around  among  the  lawyers,  and  when  the 
General  turned  from  the  jury  to  address  the  judge,  he  was 
greatly  confused  to  see  the  entire  bar  in  laughter.  We  do  not 
know  whether  he  ever  knew  the  cause  of  this  merriment. 

Charles  W.  Smith,  born  in  New  Yorli  in  1821,  removed  to 
Bazetta  in  1835,  was  a  successful  lawyer  of  his  day.  He,  like 
his  cotemporaries,  worked  and  studied  in  the  common  schools 
as  he  had  opportunity,  later  teaching  and  reading  law.  He  com- 
pleted his  law  studies  in  Medina  county,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1846.  He  married  Rachel  Anne  Park,  a  sister  of  S.  W. 
Park,  of  Weatliersfield.  He  practiced  law  in  Niles  for  three 
years,  removed  to  Warren  in  1850,  was  elected  prosecuting  attor- 
ney, and  was  twice  mayor  of  the  city  of  Warren.  He  was  a  cap- 
tain in  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  at  its  close  moved  to  Charles- 
ton, West  Virginia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  upper  house  of 
that  state,  and  practiced  there  until  his  death,  in  1878.  His  oldest 
daughter,  Sophie,  who  married  Charles  A.  Harrington,  was  his 
companion  and  helper  during  his  life.  We  often  see  this  close 
companionship  between  father  and  daughter,  and  this  was  one 
of  the  strongest.  His  youngest  daughter,  Angie,  married  a 
nephew  of  Senator  Mahone  of  Virginia. 

Thomas  D.  Webb  was  a  native  of  Windham,  Connecticut, 
born  in  1784.  Mr.  Webb,  like  most  of  the  early  Connecticut  men 
who  were  lawyers  and  leaders,  in  early  Trumbull  County,  was  a 
college  man,  graduating  from  Brown  in  1805.  He  studied  law 
with  Hon.  Zephaniah  Swift,  who  afterwards  became  chief  justice. 
Mr.  We])b  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Connecticut,  and  came  to 
Trumbull  County  in  1807,  settling  in  Warren.  Here  he  prac 
ticed  law  for  tifty  years.  His  practice  was  largely  in  connection 
with  land  claims.  He  established  the  first  newspaper  of  Trum- 
bull county.  The  Trump  of  Fame.  Hon.  Asa  Jones  of  Hartford, 
Trumbull  County,  has  a  bound  copy  of  this  paper.  In  1813  he 
bought  the  house  from  the  widow  of  John  Edwards  situated  on 
South  street  and  supposed  to  be  the  oldest  house  in  the  city,  and 
there  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.     His  office  was,  as  were 


HISTOIJY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  l(i3 

most  of  the  offices  of  the  lawyers  of  that  time,  on  his  place.  lu 
1813  he  was  appointed  collector  of  internal  duties  for  the  eighth 
district  of  Ohio.  The  taxes  displeased  the  residents,  and  one 
night  the  citizens  gathered  al)out  his  house  demanding  his  ap- 
pearance, saying  if  he  did  not  come  out  they  would  tear  down 
the  residence.  Being  convinced  he  was  not  at  home,  they  de- 
parted without  doing-  any  damage.  He  was  twice  elected  to  the 
state  senate.  He  served,  however,  only  two  years,  refusing  to 
take  the  other  term.  He  ran  for  Congress  against  Hon.  Elisha 
Whittlesey,  and  was  defeated  only  by  a  small  majority.  In  1811. 
while  helping  to  raise  a  building  in  Howland,  he  injured  his  leg, 
and  it  was  amputated  above  the  knee.     He  died  in  IS*;.'). 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Webb  lived  all  their  married  lives  in  tlieir 
home  on  South  street,  and  there  celebrated  their  golden  wedding. 
Mr.  Webb  was  quite  an  astronomer,  and  being  very  fond  of 
mathematics  he  pursued  tlie  study  of  higher  mathematics  as  far 
as  Fluxions,  a  copy  of  which  he  owned.  This  was  the  only  copy 
in  town,  and  a  rare  book  anywhere.  In  Mr.  Webb's  later  years 
Judge  George  M.  Tuttle  occasionally  studied  this  l)ook  with  Mr. 
Webb.  It  is  not  now  in  the  jDossession  of  the  family.  It  is 
feared  it  must  have  been  sold  with  some  of  Mr.  W^ebl)'s  books  at 
the  time  of  his  death. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Iddings  says: 

' '  My  own  recollections  of  my  grandfather  are  not  many. 
One  instance  I  distinctly  remember,  however.  One  evening- 
three  of  the  grandchildren  were  at  grandfather's,  and  I  su]>- 
pose  we  made  considerable  noise.  After  awhile  grandfather 
offered  each  of  us  a  cent  if  we  would  sit  quiet  for  an  hour. 
My  brothers  did  not  manage  to  do  it,  but  I  kept  quiet  and 
got  tlie  cent.  When  my  grandfather  gave  it  to  me  he  said, 
.solemnly,  'Elizabeth,  I  am  a  very  old  man.  I  am  almost 
ninety.'  This  made  a  great  impression  on  me,  as  he  in- 
tended it  should.  I  have  laughed  over  it  a  good  many  times 
since,  as  he  was  only  eighty-one  when  he  died,  and  this  must 
have  been  ten  years  before  that  time." 

Wniittlesey  Adams  was  born  in  Warren  in  1829.  He  gradu- 
ated from  Yale  in  1857,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Spring- 
field in  1860.  He  intended  to  practice  law,  and  in  this  he  was 
encouraged  by  his  uncle,  Elisha  Whittlesey.  Although  he  found 
the  study  of  law  very  pleasing,  the  practice  was  distasteful.    He 


1C4  HISTOEY  OF  TRU.AriU'LL  COUXTY 

disliked  controversy,  and  early  turned  his  attention  to  insurance 
business,  which  he  conducted  very  successfully  for  many  years, 
still  being-  in  the  same  business  with  his  sons. 

In  IHG-i  he  received  the  appointment  as  paymaster  in  the 
United  States  army.  He  was  identified  with  all  the  early  historj' 
of  Warren,  and  is  more  conversant  with  the  same  now  than  prob- 
ably any  othei'  ])erson  in  Trumbull  County. 

Judge  Rufus  P.  Ranney  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1813. 
His  father  took  uj)  land  in  Portage  county  in  1824.  The  family 
was  poor,  and  young  Kufus  earned  money  by  chopping  wood  and 
by  doing  other  manual  laljor,  as  well  as  by  teaching,  not  only  to 
get  a  rudimentaiy,  but  a  college  education,  as  well.  He  studied 
law  with  Giddings  and  Wade,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1836.  AMien  Mr.  (iiddings  went  to  Congress,  he  was  Mr.  Wade's 
partner  for  ten  years.  When  ^Ir.  Wade  became  judge,  Mr.  Ran- 
ney removed  to  Warren,  where  he  soon  became  the  leader  at  the 
bar.  He  was  one  of  Trumbull  County's  members  of  the  constitu- 
tional convention  in  IS.')!).  Here  he  did  remarkable  work,  and 
at  that  time  was  elected  by  the  legislature  to  the  supreme  bench. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  constitution  the  people  re-elected  him 
to  this  position,  which  he  held  till  1856,  when  he  resigned  to 
take  uj)  his  jjractice  in  Cleveland.  He  was  one  of  the  finest  law- 
yers of  his  time. 

Rufus  P.  Spaulding  was  Ijorn  in  AVest  Liljerty,  ilassachu- 
setts,  in  1798,  just  as  the  C'onnecticut  Land  Company  was  open- 
ing \ip  the  Reserve.  ANHien  he  was  fourteen  his  i^eople  moved  to 
Noi-wich.  Connecticut.  He  graduated  from  Yale  at  nineteen  and 
i-ead  law  with  Judge  Swift,  chief  justice  of  the  state.  When  he 
first  went  west  he  practiced  in  Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  where  he 
remained  one  year  and  a  half.  He  then  moved  to  Warren,  where 
he  resided  sixteen  years,  living  jiart  of  the  time  at  the  head  of 
Franklin  street.  He  then  went  to  Portage  county,  and  his  later 
history  belongs  to  that  county.  He  possessed  a  profound  knowl- 
edge of  the  law,  was  a  good  debater,  "while  his  digTiitied  appear- 
ance heightened  the  effect  of  his  argaiments."  He  turned  from 
the  Democratic  to  the  Repul>lican  party  because  of  the  slavery 
question.    In  1S62  he  was  a  representative  in  Congress. 

Ira  Ij.  Fuller,  born  in  New  York,  came  to  Brookfield  in  1833. 
Tieing  then  seventeen  years  old.  He  had  the  usual  education 
in  the  common  schools;  was  not  a  college  graduate.  Two  years 
later  he  became  clerk  of  the  Warren  postoffice,  when  David  Tod 
was  postmaster.    He  then  read  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUJS^TY  165 

in  1840.  He  nerved  twd  teiiiis  as  prosecuting  attorne\  of  tlie 
county,  and  for  three  years  as  probate  judge,  lie  died  in  1874. 
He  was  an  estimable  nian.  l)ut  because  of  his  strong  sympathy 
with  tlie  south  during  tlie  war  was  severely  criticized  by  his 
fellow  attorneys,  lie  married  Mary  Stevens,  the  daughter  of 
Horace  Stevens,  and  had  a  large  faiiiil\'  of  chiidreii.  aH  of  whom 
prospered.  .Additional  information  in  regard  to  him  and  his 
family  is  given  elsewhere  in  the  liistory. 

John  F.  i'eaver  is  iiex'er  to  be  foi'gotten  by  the  yonngei' 
people  of  today  who  saw  him,  and  by  the  i)eo])le  who  <rKl  business 
with  him.  He  was  a  nnicpie  figure, — strong  of  liody  and  mind, 
wholly  indilt'erent  to  his  appeai'ance  in  dress,  and  rather  brusque 
of  manner.  He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  like  so  many  of 
the  men  of  his  age  who  came  from  that  state,  he  o])tained  his 
education  under  the  greatest  ditticnlties.  It  is  tradition  tiiat  he 
was  at  one  time  a  law  iiailner  of  TTon.  Edgar  Cohen,  a  United 
States  .senator  from  Pennsylvania.  This  is  not  wholly  verified. 
He  lived  in  Pittsburg  for  a  time,  where,  by  great  industry,  he 
made  and  saved  money,  but,  not  liking  the  city,  he  purchased  a 
farm  and  mill  ])]-oi)erty  in  Newton  Falls  in  1841,  and  for  a  time 
abandoned  the  actual  ])ractice  of  law.  His  ability  was  recognized 
in  his  new  home.  He  became  state  senator,  serving  three  terms. 
His  late  life  was  exceedingly  hap^iy  because  he  had  the  respect 
of  his  fellow  men,  liad  ]ilenty  of  means,  had  land  of  his  own  ui)on 
which  lie  could  hunt,  and  IxM-ause  he  was  an  onmi\'orous  reader 
and  an  unusual  coiixcrsatioiudist.  He  was  often  spoken  <if  as 
"Old  John  Beaver,"  and  ihe  mention  of  his  name  almost  always 
caused  good  feeling,     lie  died  when  he  was  77  years  old. 

Jonathan  Ingersoll  was  educated  for  the  L'nittd  States 
navy,  and  when  1)ut  a  ))oy  went  on  a  cruise  in  the  Old  Constitu- 
tion, going  almost  around  the  world.  He  i-esigned  from  the  navy 
in  1836,  married  Catherine  Seely,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Sylvanus 
Seely,  in  1838.  Having  i)re]iared  himself  for  the  law,  lie  ))egaii 
practice,  and  about  U840  was  clerk  of  the  court  of  connuou  )ileas, 
which  office  he  held  for  seven  years.  He  was  then  clerk  of  the 
supreme  court  of  Trumbull  Coimty.     He  died  in  1875. 

Hon.  John  Hutchins,  although  he  lived  in  Cleveland  in  the 
last  years  of  his  life,  was  i-eally  identified  with  the  history  of 
Trumlmll  County.  His  ancestors  came  from  Connecticut  in 
1800,  making  the  journey  with  ox  teams,  and  settling  in  Vienna. 
He  had  all  the  advantage  of  the  men  of  his  time  in  education,  for, 
aside  from  common  schools,  he  attended  Western  Eeserve  Col- 


16G  J11ST()1;Y   of  TIM'.MIULL  COUNTY 

lege.  He  studied  law  with  J)avid  Tod,  and  was  admitted  in  1838 
in  New  Lisbon.  Later  he  was  elerk  of  the  Trumbull  Coimty 
court  for  five  years.  He  had  at  ditf'erent  times  as  his  }iartners 
David  Tod,  B.  F.  Hoffman,  J.  L).  Cox,  Milton  Hutliff  and  others. 
He  succeeded  Josln;a  E.  Giddings  in  Congress  in  1858.  serving 
fwo  terms.    He  removed  to  Cleveland  in  1868. 

Although  R.  W.  Eatliii'  was  a  soldier  and  a  banker,  he  prac- 
ticed law  for  many  years  in  Trumbull  County.  Like  most  of  the 
young  men  of  his  time,  he  worked  pai't  of  the  year  on  the  farm 
and  attended  school.  He  finished  his  law  course  with 
Wade  &  Ranney,  and  was  admitted  in  1846.  During 
this  law  course  he  taught  school  in  the  little  one-story 
schoolhouse  which  stood  on  High  street  near  Elm,  and  upon 
which  lot,  many  years  after,  he  erected  a  beautiful 
home  for  himself  and  family.  He  was  in  partnership 
at  one  time  with  Judge  B.  F.  Hoffman,  with  John  Hutchins,  with 
J.  D.  Cox,  and  William  T.  Spear,  afterwards  supreme  judge.  He 
was  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Second  Ohio  Cavalry,  did  service 
in  the  Indian  expedition  in  Kansas,  was  in  Kentucky  and  Ten- 
nessee, later  raised  the  12th  Ohio  Cavalry  Regiment,  of  which 
he  was  first  lieutenant,  and  of  which  he  afterwards  became 
colonel.  He  was  made  brigadier-general  for  gallant  service,  and 
was  severely  wounded  at  Duck  Creek,  Tennessee.  Upon  his  re- 
turn from  the  army  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  and  after- 
wai'ds  became  cashier  of  the  Second  National  Bank.  He  married 
Olive,  the  sister  of  Samuel  Freeman,  for  his  first  wife,  and  Jane 
Tod,  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Samuel  Freeman,  for  his  second  wife. 
He  had  two  daughters  by  the  second  marriage,  both  of  whom  are 
living.    He  was  greatly  beloved  and  respected  in  the  community. 

General  M.  D.  Leggett  and  (leneral  J.  D.  Cox  were  both 
lawA'crs  of  Trmnbull  County,  but  were  educators  and  soldiers  as 
well.  .VccouTits  of  their  lives  and  works  are  fomid  in  other 
chapters. 

Mr.  Selden  Haines,  the  great-uncle  of  Judge  D.  R.  (rilbert, 
was  one  of  the  early  meml)ers  of  the  bar.  He  graduated  at  Yale, 
and  says:  "In  the  spring  of  18ol  I  located  at  Poland,  then  in 
Tiumbull  County,  hung  out  my  shingle.  The  principal  influen- 
tial members  of  the  bar  of  Trumbull  were  AVhittlesey  &  Newton, 
of  Canfield,  Hine  &  Rockwell,  of  Yonngstown,  Thomas  D.  Webb, 
Gen.  R.  Stone,  R.  P.  Spaulding,  Birchard  &  Tod,  John  Crowel! 
(of  Wan-en),  George  Swift,  of  Kinsman.  George  Tod  of  Brier 
Hill  was  the  i)residing  judge.    AVhittlesey  &  Newton  always  had 


IIISTOHY  OF  TIJCMBLLL  COUXTY  167 

the  largest  calendar  of  causes.  Joshua  R.  Giddings  attended' 
court  in  Trumbull.  AVade  was  associated  with  him.  At  Poland 
I  was  on  the  direct  route  from  Pittsburg  to  Cleveland,  and, 
through  the  aid  of  the  hotel  keeper,  I  secured  quite  a  business 
from  Pittsburg  and  Philadelphia ;  besides  I  was  honored  with 
the  digiiity  of  .iustice  of  the  peace.  By  the  most  rigid  economy 
I  secured  a  living.  In  addition  to  other  positions,  I  connnanaed 
a  regiment  of  riflemen  for  five  years.  My  last  official  act  as 
colonel  was  to  command  the  escort  that  was  called  out  by  SheriiT 
Mygatt  when  he  executed  the  extreme  penalty  of  the  law  upon 
Ira  Gardner,  who  murdered  his  step-daughter  in  Gustavus." 

Benjamin  F.  Hoffman  came  from  Pennsylvania  to  Ohio  in 
1833.  He  intended  to  teach  school  and  survey  land,  l)ut  instead 
he  studied  law  in  David  Tod's  office.  It  was  not  his  intention  to 
be  a  lawj-er,  but  he  grew  to  like  it,  went  to  Cincinnati  for  a  six- 
months'  course.  He  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  183(5,  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Hon.  George  Tod  at  Warren.  When 
David  Tod  was  elected  to  the  senate  he  held  the  po- 
sition of  i^ostmaster.  I\Ir.  Hoffman  succeeded  him  as  post- 
master. Mr.  Hoffman  was  associated  at  different  times 
with  Hon.  Mathew  Birchard,  Hon.  John  Hutchins  and 
Colonel  R.  ^Y.  Ratliff.  He  was  elected  ,iudge  of  the  second  sub- 
division of  the  ninth  judicial  district  in  1856,  was  Governor 
Tod's  private  secretary  in  18(il,  and  resided  in  Warren  until 
1870.  He  is  at  this  writing  living  in  Pasadena,  California,  at 
the  age  of  ninety-seven. 

Gen.  L.  V.  Bierce  was  born  in  1801.  His  father,  a 
Connecticut  farmer,  moved  to  Xelson,  Ohio,  in  1816. 
Earned  his  living  at  Ohio  Tniversity  where  he  obtained 
his  ediaeation.  He  was  examined  by  Elisha  AMiittlesey, 
John  C.  "\A'right  and  Thomas  Webb.  Judge  George  Tod 
became  interested  in  him  and  appointed  him  i)rosecuting 
attorney  in  1836.  He  mov(-d  to  Ravenna  and  lived 
there  until  1837,  when  he  went  to  Akron.  Although  he  was  60 
years  old  when  the  war  broke  out,  he  raised  two  companies  of 
marines.  He  boarded  them  for  two  days  and  partially  clothed 
them  and  delivered  them  at  the  Washingion  Navy  Yard.  Re- 
turning home  he  raised  a  company  of  one  hundred  men  for  the 
artillery  service.  He  was  too  old  to  go  himself.  He  was  elected 
to  Ohio  senate  by  3,000  majority.  Being  appointed  assistant 
adjutant  general  of  the  Ignited  States  in  18()3,  he  disbursed  over 


168  HlS'l'OltY-  OF  TIJUMBULL  COUNTY 

a  million  dollars.  In  1S75  he  gave  his  entire  in'oiierty  of 
$3(),UtlO  to  Akron  for  public  biiildings. 

Joel  W.  Tyler  was  identified  with  the  bar  of  the  Western 
Reserve  and  lived  in  Warren  in  1858,  fonning  a  partnership 
with  Judge  Mathew  Birchard.  Two  years  later  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  and  said  that  he  would  hoUl 
his  office  until  some  man  who  was  in  the  army  was  wounded  or 
made  unfit  for  service,  when  he  would  resign  in  his  favor.  He 
was  elected  for  the  second  term  and  yielded  his  place  to  Judge 
Albert  Yeomans,  who  was  badly  wounded  in  the  army  and  who 
long  held  the  office  of  probate  judge.  'Sir.  Tyler  taught  school, 
attended  the  Western  Reserve  Academy  at  Hudson,  studied  law 
with  Tilden  and  Ranney  of  Ravenna ;  practiced  a  while  at  Gar- 
rettsville,  removed  to  Kent  in  1851.  He  became  interested  in 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railway  as  an  attorney,  lived  in 
Mansfield,  then  in  Warren,  and  in  1865  moved  to  Cleveland, 
where  he  lived  the  rest  of  his  life. 

Charles  E.  Glidden  was  born  in  Claremont,  New  Hampshire, 
in  1835.  He  studied  law  in  Xew  York  state  and  at  Poughkeei^sie. 
graduating  at  the  Law  College  there  in  1855.  He  removed  to 
Poland  that  same  year  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856  at 
Ravenna.  He  practiced  law  in  Poland  until  1862,  when  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  His  term  expired 
in  1867.  He  then  fonned  a  partnership  with  Hon.  F.  E.  Hutch- 
ins  and  John  M.  Stull.  He  practiced  until  1872,  when  he  was 
again  elected  judge.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term,  1877,  he 
resumed  i^ractice  in  Warren,  but  his  health  soon  failed  and  lie 
removed  to  Massachusetts,  where,  after  a  long  illness,  he  died. 
He  was  married  in  1856  to  Mrs.  Eliza  K.  Morse,  of  Poland.  They 
had  one  son,  Charles,  who  now  lives  in  New  England. 

Levi  Sutliff  was  bom  in  Vernon  in  1805.  He  belonged  to  a 
family  of  lawyers,  being  a  brother  of  Milton  and  Calvin.  Both 
his  father  and  mother  had  unusual  mental  attainments.  The 
getting  of  an  education  for  young  men  of  his  time  was  exceed- 
ingly difficult.  He  did  not  study  law  until  middle  life.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840.  Ten  years  later  he  removed  to 
Warren,  having  had  rural  practice  before  that.  He  formed  a 
partnership  with  Judge  Birchard,  but  soon  retired  to  care  for 
his  property  interests.  Although  a  lawyer  he  is  better  known 
as  a  business  man,  as  a  slavery  agitator  and  as  a  student.  He 
married  Miss  Mary  Plum,  of  Vernon,  for  a  first  wife,  and  Miss 
Phoebe  L.  Marvin,  of  Bazetta,  for  the  second.    He  died  in  1864. 


JIlSTOnV   OF    I-KTMIU'LI,  COIXTV  It;!) 

Mrs.  Sutlift'  and  her  (laughter.  Miss  I'hoel)^,  lixe  ii:  Warren, 
while  the  youngest  daughter,  Mrs.  Ed.  Braiuard,  lives  in  Toledo. 

Calvin  G.  Sutlift',  a  brother  of  Miltou  and  Levi,  was  born  in 
Vernon  in  1808.  He  was  a  partner  of  his  brother,  Milton,  and 
afterwards  formed  a  partnership  with  Hon.  John  llutehins.  He 
had  a  tine  mind,  was  very  industrious,  liad  a  good  practice.  In 
the  midst  of  life,  when  he  was  forty-four,  he  died  from  a  cold 
which  he  contracted  when  on  business  in  Geanga  county.  He 
was  a  powerful  man,  jthysically,  being  six  feet  two  inches  high. 
He  married  Miss  Hannah  Bennett,  of  Hartford,  in  1845.  Mrs. 
Sutliff  was  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Samuel  Quinby,  and  later  married 
C.  W.  Tyler.  Of  her  four  children  by  her  first  marriage  three 
are  now  living,  [Mrs.  Homer  Stewart,  of  Warren,  being  one  of 
them. 

Col.  Koswell  Stone  was  a  lawyer  of  learning  and  distinction, 
of  tine  i^ersonal  appearance.  He  was  prosecuting  attorney  in 
1823.  The  legislature  then  appointed  common  pleas  juilges,  and 
Slone  was  slated  for  that  nomination.  Mrs.  Stone  was  an  accom- 
plished woman  and  for  some  time  taught  a  school  for  young 
ladies,  which  was  attended  by  Innue  folks  and  foreigners  as  well. 
She  still  lives  in  Warren.  Mr.  Stone  was  identified  with  the 
bar  in  the  sixties  and  was  successful.  His  son,  Fred  Stone,  is 
county  auditor.  Mention  of  jNlr.  Stone  and  family  is  made 
elsewhere. 

Judge  Albert  Yeomans  was  born  in  Kinsman  in  182().  He 
was  educated  in  the  district  schools  there  and  in  the  (irand 
River  Institute  at  Austinburg.  He  studied  law  with  (Icncral 
Crowell  in  Warren.  He  early  entered  the  I'nion  army  and  \va> 
badly  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  causing  i)erma- 
nent  lameness.  In  18(i4  he  was  elected  probate  judge,  and  served 
until  1879.  His  term  of  office  as  judge  was  the  longest  of  any 
in  the  history  of  Trumbull  County.  He  was  an  invalid  for  some 
years  before  his  death.  He  was  twice  married.  His  first  chil- 
dren do  not  live  in  Trumbull  County.  His  second  wife,  Amelia 
Adams,  and  two  daughters,  Mrs.  George  Bunting  and  ]\lrs.  J.  C. 
Oriel,  survive  him. 

Francis  Edwin  Hutchins,  born  in  New  Milford,  Litchfield 
count3%  Connecticut,  September  16,  1826,  was  the  second  of 
three  sons  of  Myron  M.  and  ]\lary  Porter  Hutchinson.  His 
father  was  the  son  of  John  Hutchinson,  who  claimed  to  be  a 
lineal  descendant  of  the  royal  governor  of  ^fassachusetts  of  that 
name. 


170  IIISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

By  the  advice  of  his  hiw  i^receptor,  ]Mr.  Ilutehius  dropfjed 
the  last  syllable  of  his  name — much  to  his  regret  in  later  years — 
and  has  ever  since  been  known  by  the  name  of  Hutchins. 

In  1832  the  family  removed  from  Connecticut  to  Northfield, 
then  in  Portage  county,  Ohio,  and  in  1835  they  went  to  western 
Michigan,  where  they  remained  till  the  fall  of  1844.  They  then 
returned  to  Ohio,  and  settled  in  Youngstown.  His  education 
has  been  self-acquired.  The  whole  time  of  his  attendance  at 
school,  aside  from  a  little  while  in  Michigan,  would  not  exceed 
one  year.    He  was  of  studious  habits,  and  thus  educated  himself. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  season  of  1845  he  went  one  trip 
from  Youngstown  to  Cleveland  as  driver  of  a  canal  boat,  and 
I'eturned  first  as  bowsman  and  then  as  steersman  of  the  same 
boat,  and  the  rest  of  the  season  he  ran  it  as  captain,  as  he  did 
another  boat  the  next  summer.  He  worked  some  time  in  a 
foundry  in  shaping  and  dressing  by  liand  the  wood  work  of 
]iloughs.  He  spent  one  year  in  learning  the  carpenter  trade,  and 
then  worked  six  months  as  a  journeyman  at  that  trade;  and 
began  reading  law  on  a  pecuniary  capital  of  nineteen  dollars  due 
him  from  his  employer,  and  for  which  he  had  to  sue,  and  to  dis- 
count the  judgment  obtained  for  seventeen  dollars  cash. 

He  read  law  in  Youngstown,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
August,  1851,  and  on  Decemlier  11,  1851,  was  married  to  Eliza- 
beth M.  Sanderson. 

He  continued  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Youngstown  until 
1859,  when  he  removed  to  Warren,  Trumbull  County,  where 
he  has  since  resided. 

In  1864  he  entered  the  "hundred  days"  service  in  the  army 
as  captain  of  Company  A,  171st  Eegiment,  Ohio  Volunteers,  and 
was,  for  a  time,  the  superintendent  of  the  rebel  prison  on  John- 
son's Island  in  Lake  Erie;  and  from  there  was  ordered  to  Cin- 
cinnati as  judge-advocate  of  a  military  commission,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  i;ntil  attacked  liy  tyj^hoid  fever,  from  which 
he  was  not  entirely  recovered  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
.vemce. 

He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  convention  which,  in 
1896,  nominated  William  McKinley  for  president. 

He  had  kno^rni  Mr.  McKinley  well  from  the  time  the  latter 
entei-ed  the  academy  at  Poland,  before  he  went  into  the  army. 
They  were  very  warm  ]3ersonal  friends.  He  examined  ]\IcKin- 
ley  on  his  admission  to  the  bar  at  Warren,  and  was  very  highly 
esteemed  by  him,  jiersonally  and  as  a  lawyer. 


HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY  171 

lie  was  uieiitioned  for  election  as  one  of  the  jntlges  of  the 
suiireme  court  of  Ohio,  but  partial  and  increasing  deafness,  the 
result  of  typhoid  fever  in  tlie  army,  not  only  prevented  this,  but 
gi'eatly  interfered  with  his  practice;  and  so  much  so  that  Mc- 
Kinley  said  after  liis  nomination  that,  if  elected,  he  was  going 
to  find  some  place  for  ISlv.  Hutchins. 

A  warm  friendship  and  nuitual  admiration  existed  between 
him  and  Hon.  Luther  Day,  the  father  of  Associate  .Justice  Will- 
iam R.  Da}',  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court.  Judge  Luther 
Day  was  on  the  bench  in  his  district  when  Mr.  Hutchins  came 
to  the  bar;  and  he  practiced  before  him  several  years  in  the 
supreme  court  and  lower  courts. 

In  February,  1898,  Mr.  Hutchins  was  in  Washington  and 
called  on  his  old  friend.  President  McKinley.  The  great  topic 
tlien  was  war  with  Spain  for  the  benetit  of  Cuba.  Congress  and 
the  people  wanted  it,  but  the  president  lield  back,  first  because 
we  were  not  ready  for  war,  and,  second,  no  justification  for  our 
hostile  interference  in  the  government  of  her  own  colonies  by  a 
friendly  nation  which  would  be  held  sufiicient  by  other  nations 
had  been  formulated.  On  being  asked  by  the  president,  ^Ir. 
Hutchins  gave  his  views,  wliich  so  impressed  the  president  that 
he  asked  him  to  state  them  to  Acting  Secretary  of  State  Day, 
and  that  was  done. 

Upon  calling  later  to  take  leave  of  the  secretary,  he  re- 
cpiested  Mr.  Hutchins  to  formulate  his  views  upon  that  subject 
in  a  letter  to  him.  This  was  done  in  a  letter  of  Februarv  13, 
1898. 

Early  in  April  the  ])resident  requested  each  member  of  his 
cabinet  to  submit  his  individual  views  of  the  causes  which  would 
justify  our  hostile  interference  with  Spain  with  reference  to 
Cuba.  This  was  done.  Secretary  Day  presenting  the  letter  of 
Mr.  Hutchins,  as  expressing  his  views.  In  his  war  message  to 
Congress  of  April  11th  the  president,  in  stating  the  causes  which 
in  his  opinion  justified  our  hostile  interference  with  Spain, 
copied  almost  verbatim  from  this  letter  of  Mr.  Hutchins.  This 
has  since  become  a  part  of  the  international  law,  as  expounded 
by  writers;  and  is  copied  as  Mr.  Hutchins  wrote  it,  in  Taylor  on 
International  Law,  ])ages  421  and  4l!2. 

On  June  1,  1898,  Mr.  Hutchins  was,  at  tlie  special  re(|uest 
of  President  ]\IcKinley  and  Secretary  of  State  William  E.  Day, 
appointed  by  Attorney-General  Griggs  as  S])ecial  assistant  to 
the  attornev-general,  which   office  he   still  holds.     As   showing 


17:^  lIlSTOiJY  OF  TEl'MBULL  COUNTY 

the  estimation  in  which  he  has  been  held  in  that  department,  it 
may  be  added  that  he  was  directed  by  the  attorney-general  to 
examine  the  case  and  propose  a  bill  in  chancery  to  foreclose  the 
government's  lien  of  nearly  sixty  million  dollars  against  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  for  the  subsidy  bonds  issued 
in  aid  of  the  construction  of  its  road.  When  this  had  been  jire- 
pared,  the  comjtany  made  a  settlement,  by  which  it  was  agreed 
that  the  corporation  should  be  reorganized  and  the  whole  debt 
assumed  by  bonds  secured  by  mortgage  upon  its  whole  property. 
As  the  attorney-general  was  about  starting  with  President  ]\Ic- 
Kinley  on  his  western  tour,  these  bonds  were  tendered  to  the 
treasurer  of  the  United  States  for  his  approval  and  accei^tance, 
and  the  question  of  their  sufficiency  and  acceptance  had  been 
referred  to  the  attoruej'-general,  who  directed  Mr.  Hutchins  to 
examine  and  report  to  the  treasurer  whether  the  coriioratiou 
had  been  proi)erly  reorganized  and  incorporated  in  all  the  states 
and  territories  into  which  the  road  ran,  and  whether  the  bonds? 
were  in  accordance  with  the  agreement  and  such  as  should  be 
accepted.  This  he  did,  and  upon  his  advice  the  bonds  for  this 
large  sum  were  accepted  by  the  treasurer  and  the  matter  closed. 
His  business  is  much  in  the  way  of  preparing  the  opinions  of 
the  attorney-general,  when  asked  for  by  the  president  or  the 
head  of  a  department ;  letters  of  instruction  to  the  various  dis- 
trict attorneys  throughout  the  countiy,  and  in  opinions  upon  the 
various  legal  (|uestious  arising  in  the  administration  of  the  gov- 
ernment. 

Though  now  ])ast  eighty-two  years  of  age,  and  })artially 
hlind  and  deaf,  he  is  still  vigorous  and  active,  and  retains  his 
mental  faculties  unabated. 

John  M.  Stull  was  oue  of  the  most  generous  lawyers  of 
Warren,  had  many  friends,  and  Avas  devoted  and  loved  by  the 
people  of  his  own  church,  the  Methodist.  He  was  of  German  and 
Scotch-Irish  lilood.  His  fatlier  died  when  he  was  twelve  years 
old.  At  nineteen  he  went  to  Hampden,  Ohio,  to  learn  the  black- 
smith trade,  and  later  opened  a  shop  in  Farmington.  As  Mr. 
Stull  was  always  a  delicate  man,  and  lived  many  years  beyond 
th.e  time  his  friends  expected  him  to,  it  has  always  been  a  won- 
der why  he  chose  for  his  occupation  one  so  hard  as  blacksmith- 
ing.  He  had  a  limited  education,  and  if  he  had  not.  received 
injuries  which  made  it  impossible  for  him  to  continue  at  his 
trade  lie  would  not  liave  become  a  lawyer.  Overcoming  many 
obstacles,  he  finally  acquired  an  academic  education.     He  went 


HIS'I'OIJV  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  173 

south  to  teach,  and  studied  hnv  when  lie  was  twenty-seven  years 
old,  in  KentiTcky.  He  Avas  not  admitted  to  the  bar  until  he  was 
thirty.  He  married  P^hn-ilhi  AV.  AVoloott,  Avhose  tender  eare  and 
business  sense  helped  him  in  tlie  early  years  of  his  profession. 
His  marriage  was  an  exceedingly  happy  one,  and  the  loss  of 
his  wife  in  1S7S  was  a  terrible  bloAV  to  him.  He  had  for  partners 
at  law  at  different  times  Judge  Tuttle,  Milton  Sutliff,  F.  E]. 
Hutchins  and  Judge  Glidden.  He  served  as  prosecuting  attor- 
ney of  the  county,  as  mayor,  and  as  state  senator.  He  died  in 
1907  in  Florida,  Avhere  he  had  gone  to  escape  the  rigors  of  the 
winter.  He  is  surA'ived  by  one  daughter,  Mrs.  A.  F.  Hari'is,  who 
resembles  him  in  appearance  and  has  much  of  his  business 
ability. 

Homer  P].  Stewart  has  lived  his  entire  life  in  Trumbull 
County.  He  was  boin  at  Coitsville  in  1845,  before  the  formation 
of  Mahoning  county.  He  is  a  college  man,  graduating  at 
Westminster,  Pennsylvania,  in  18G7.  He  attended  the  Albany 
Law  School,  having  jirejiared  himself  in  the  oftice  of  Hon.  Milton 
Sutliff,  and  became  a  member  of  the  bar  in  1869.  In  1870  he 
entered  into  partnership  with  Judge  Sutliff,  which  continued 
until  the  latter 's  death  in  1878.  He  married  Kate  L.  Sutlitf, 
daughter  of  Calvin  Sutliff,  in  1870,  and  has  three  ciiildreu, 
Helen,  now  Mrs.  Foster,  and  Homer  and  Milton. 

Charles  A.  Hariingtoii  was  born  in  Greene  in  1824.  At- 
tended Grand  Kiver  Institute  antl  Oberlin  College.  Taught  dis- 
trict school  and  established  a  select  school  in  Greene  township 
which  was  very  successful.  This  Avas  in  18-16.  At  this  time  he 
began  the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  in  1849.  In  1860  he 
was  elected  clerk  of  the  court  of  common  pleas.  He  was  internal 
revenue  assessor  from  1867  to  1873.  He  was  a  partner  of  Will- 
iam T.  Spear,  later  supreme  judge,  from  1873  to  '79.  In  1877 
he  retired  from  actiA'e  iiractice.  Although  85  years  old,  he  is  a 
gieat  reader  and  a  student,  and  a  delightful  couA^ersationalist. 

Asa  AV.  Jones  AA-as  l)orn  in  Johusonville  in  1838.  He 
Avas  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  neighborhood  and  attended 
the  seminary  at  West  Farmingtou.  He  studied  law  Avith  Curtis 
&  Smith  at  Warren,  Ohio,  and  when  twenty-one  years  old,  1859. 
was  admitted.  He  was  ai)pointed  to  fill  an  unexpired  term  as 
prosecuting  attorney  of  Mahoning  county,  and  later  was  elected 
to  that  office.  In  1896  he  was  elected  lieutenant  gOA-ernor  and 
served  until  1900.  He  spent  most  of  his  professional  life  in 
Youngstown,  Ohio,  where  he  had  a  large  and  lucratiA^e  practice. 


ITi  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

He  lias  lately  retired,  and  lives  on  a  farm  in  Hartford,  near 
Burghill. 

Julius  i\^.  Cowdrey  was  born  in  Mecca,  spent  early  life  on  a 
farm,  attended  school  in  Cortland,  Western  Reserve  Seminary, 
and  graduated  from  Western  Eeserve  College  in  1865.  Studied 
law  Avith  Tuttle  &  Stull  and  later  at  the  University  of  Michigan. 
He  was  admitted  in  1868,  located  in  Ilulibard  in  '69,  removed 
to  Niles  in  1871,  where  he  still  continues  to  practice. 

Judge  S.  B.  Craig  was  born  in  Braceville  in  1844.  He  at- 
tended school  in  Warren  and  in  Farmington,  and  earned  monej- 
whicli  enabled  him  to  take  a  course  in  Allegheny  College  at 
Meadville.  He  gradiiated  in  1871,  immediately  began  the  study 
of  law  with  Hutchins,  Glidden  &  Stull,  was  admitted  in  1873,  and 
began  the  practice  soon.  He  served  two  terms  as  probate  judge. 
He  continues  to  practice,  and  devotes  a  part  of  his  time  to  the 
People's  Ice  &  Cold  Storage  Company,  of  which  he  is  president. 

George  M.  Tuttle,  who  died  in  1907  at  the  age  of  ninety- 
two  years,  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  characters  at  the 
Trumbull  County  bar.  He  was  born  in  1815  in  Connecticut, 
and  was  a  self-educated  man.  When  young  he  worked  on  his 
father's  farm.  All  his  life  he  was  much  interested  in  mechanics. 
He  made  clocks  and  studied  as  he  worked,  whether  at  field  work 
or  shop  work.  He  began  the  study  of  law  in  1837  in  Connecticut. 
During  this  time  he  clerked  in  the  postoffice  as  well,  but  this 
double  duty  told  on  his  health,  and  he  had  to  cease  all  kinds  of 
laljor.  When  his  father's  family  moved  to  New  York  state  he 
taught  school.  They  did  not  remain  long  in  New  York,  but  came 
to  Colebrook,  Ashtabula.  Here  he  continued  his  old  habits  of 
working  and  studying.  He  studied  law  with  Wade  &  Eauney, 
of  Jefferson.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  the  next 
winter  taught  school  and  practiced  law.  In  1844  he  removed  to 
Warren,  where  he  spent  the  rest  of  liis  life.  After  he  began 
active  practice,  he  never  ceased  until  1902.  He  was  long  asso- 
ciated in  business  with  Hon.  Milton  Sutliff.  The  latter  made 
him  his  executor,  and  bequeathed  to  him  a  portion  of  his  estate. 
His  other  partners  were  Judge  Humphrey,  Alexander  McCon- 
nel,  Wm.  Whittlesey,  John  M.  Stull,  F.  E.  Hutchins  and  his 
son-in-law,  Charles  Fillius.  He  was  elected  common  pleas  judge 
in  1866,  and  served  imtil  1872.  He  was  a  member  of  the  consti- 
tutional convention  of  1871.  He  was  a  great  reader  from  his 
earlv  childhood.     He  was   one  of  four  men  possessed   of  the 


HISTORY   OF  'riJUMlU'l.l.  OOLWTY  175 

largest  libraries  in  town,  Mr.  Perkins,  Jutlge  Taylor  and  C.  A. 
Harrington  being-  the  others. 

L.  C.  Jones  came  to  the  bar  later  than  most  of  his  cotempo- 
raries,  bnt  was  snccessl'nl  after  he  began  practice.  He  was  born 
in  Hartford  townsliiii  in  1822,  on  Christmas  day,  and  his  parents 
were  of  Pnritan  blood,  having  come  from  Connecticnt.  Middle- 
aged  people  remember  his  mother,  who  lived  to  extreme  age. 
She  belonged  to  a  family  of  longevity.  Of  her  brothers  and 
sisters,  one  died  when  over  ninety,  and  one  at  one  hnndred  and 
two,  the  others  between  these  two  ages.  Mr.  Jones  attended  the 
Western  Reserve  College  at  Hudson.  Paii  of  the  time  he  sup- 
ported himself  when  he  was  getting  his  education,  and  learned 
the  trade  of  painting  chairs.  Determining  to  be  a  doctor,  he 
attended  medical  lectures  at  Colnm))ia  College  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  returned  to  Hartford,  where  he  jiractieed  medicine 
for  nearly  two  years.  .Although  he  had  liked  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, he  did  not  like  the  practice.  He  therefore  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business,  but  this,  too,  for  various  reasons,  was  as  rm- 
satisfaetory  to  him  as  was  medicine.  Judge  John  Crowell  urged 
Iiim  to  study  law,  and  this  he  did.  being  admitted  in  1854.  He 
practiced  in  his  home  town  nntil  18(J2,  when  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  which  partnership  continued  for 
fourteen  years.  This  was  one  of  the  most  successful  firms  in  the 
valley,  and  the  records  show  Taylor  &  Jones  to  be  the  attorneys 
of  most  of  the  important  cases  of  that  time.  He  was  a  state 
senator  for  two  terms,  was  registrar  in  bankruptcy  for  many 
years,  was  the  hrst  city  solicitor  of  Warren,  and  accmnulated  a 
goodly  property. 

Judge  William  T.  Spear  has  served  almost  continuously 
for  a  tiuarter  of  a  century  as  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state  of  Ohio.  He  was  born  in  Warren,  his  father  being  Edward 
Spear  Sr.  and  his  mother  Ann  (Adgate)  Spear.  We  have  seen 
in  the  general  history  the  position  which  Edward  Spear  occu- 
pied in  the  community,  and  the  nujther  was  a  strong  character, 
a  cousin  of  John  Hart  Adgate,  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  War- 
ren. Mr.  Edward  Spear  was  a  worker  in  wood,  having  been  asso- 
ciated with  Mr.  White  in  a  building  north  of  the  Presbyterian 
church.  Here  they  had  machinery  which  was  run  by  horse 
power,  and  some  of  the  old  citizens  of  Warren  remember  how 
William  nsed  to  conscientiously  drive  the  horse  that  turned  th^ 
capstan.  This  picture  of  his  childhood  was  almost  repeated  by 
his  son  Lawrence,  who  nsed  to  drive  the  Jersey  cow  of  the 


176  HISTUliY   OF  TKUMBULL  COLWTV 

Xliyses  IStevens,  walkiug  leisurely  down  the  tree-covered  Malion- 
mg  avenue  with  his  hands  on  the  cow's  hip.  These  two  generally 
walked  along  and  turned  in  at  the  very  spot  where,  more  than  a 
generation  before,  the  judge  had  driven  his  father's  horse. 
Judge  Spear  obtained  his  education  in  the  common  school  of 
Warren  and  in  Junius  Dana's  Latin  School.  His  sister,  Mrs. 
Hoyt,  was  one  of  the  most  beloved  women  of  her  daj^  She  and 
William  were  alike  in  looks  and  character.  Her  two  daughters, 
-\.nnie  and  Abbie,  still  reside  in  Warren.  Judge  Spear  learned 
the  printer's  business,  beginning  work  in  the  office  of  the  Trum- 
bull Count  If  WJiig.  This  later  became  the  Whig  and  Transcript. 
James  Dumar  was  editor  and  publisher.  Mr.  Spear  followed 
the  printing  business,  working  in  Pittsburg  and  two  years  in 
New  York  City.  He  finally  concluded  that  the  law  opened  a 
wider  field,  and  l)egan  studying  with  Jacob  D.  Cox,  aftenvards 
general  and  governor.  I{e  graduated  from  the  Harvard  Law 
School  in  1859,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  year.  He 
was  first  associated  with  J.  D.  Cox  and  Robert  Ratlitf ;  later 
with  John  C.  Hutchins  and  C.  A.  Harrington.  He  spent  three 
years  in  Louisiana  practicing  his  profession  in  connection  with 
the  management  of  a  cotton  plantation.  In  1864  he  married 
Frances  E.  York,  of  Lima,  New  York.  Mrs.  Spear  is  a  woman 
of  fine  education,  taught  in  the  Warren  high  school,  and  was  a 
great  addition  to  the  society  in  which  Judge  Spear  moved.  She 
has  been  tiiily  a  helpmeet  and  a  companion.  They  have  four 
sons.  Judge  Spear  was  elected  to  the  conunon  pleas  bench  in 
1878,  re-elected  in  1883 ;  elected  supreme  judge  in  1885,  and  has 
served  continuously  since.  Judge  and  Mrs.  Spear  reside  in 
Columbus. 

The  fathei-  and  grandfather  of  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  both  bear- 
ing the  name  of  Elisha.  settled  in  Nelson  in  1814.  They  had  in- 
tended locating  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga,  but  when  they 
came  to  view  their  land  the  sand  seemed  so  uninviting  and  the 
wind  so  fierce  that  they  worked  back  onto  the  Nelson  hills,  and 
ehosG  a  lovely  spot  midway  between  the  center  of  Nelson  and 
the  center  of  Hiram.  Elislia  married  Amanda  Couch,  of  Con- 
necticut, who  died  leaving  one  son,  Samuel.  He  then  married 
the  yoimger  sister,  Thyrza.  Mrs.  Taylor  was  a  woman  of  strong 
character,  fine  physique  and  a  wonderful  helpmeet  for  a  pioneer. 
She  had  four  boys  and  one  girl.  Ezra  Booth,  named  for  his 
uncle,  the  Methodist  preacher,  his  family  intending  he  should 
be  a  preacher,  was  born  July  9.  1823.    He  woi'ked  on  the  farm. 


EZRA   B.  TAYLOR 


HISTOKY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY  177 

attended  the  soliools  in  winter,  sometimes  in  summer,  and  his 
mother  made  many  sacriiices  in  order  that  he  might  have  the 
education  he  desired.  He  read  by  the  log  fire  and  wallied  many 
miles  to  borrow  a  book  which  he  would  hear  was  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. At  an  early  age  he  taught  school  at  the  center  of  Nelson 
in  the  Academy.  He  studied  law  with  Eobt.  F.  Paine,  of  Gar- 
rettsville,  afterwards  judge.  He  passed  the  examination  in 
1845,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Chardon.  He  was  then 
twenty-two  years  old.  He  practiced  one  year  in  Garrettsville, 
and  moved  to  the  county  seat,  Ravenna,  in  1847.  Married  Har- 
riet M.  Frazer,  daughter  of  Col.  William  A.  Frazer,  in  1849. 
She  died  in  1876.     They  had  two  children,  Harriet  and  Hal  K. 

Mr.  Taylor  entered  into  ]iartnership  with  Gen.  Lucius  V. 
Bierce  after  he  had  x^'i'ficticed  a  year  alone,  and  as  General 
Bierce  was  a  strong  man  with  a  good  practice,  this  was  a  great 
advantage  to  ^Iv.  Taylor,  and  he  improved  it.  He  later  had  for 
his  partners  John  L.  Ranney  and  Judge  Luther  Day,  the  father 
of  Judge  William  Day  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  In  1849  he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Portage 
county. 

He  came  to  Warren  in  1861  and  formed  a  jiartnership  with 
L.  C.  Jones,  which  continued  until  187(i.  He  was  one  of  the 
"squirrel  hunters,"  and  Avas  a  private  in  the  171st  Ohio  Na- 
tional Guard.  A^Hien  he  returned  home  he  was  elected  colonel 
of  the  regiment.  He  was  appointed  judge  in  1877  to  till  the  un- 
expired term  of  Judge  Frank  Servis.  hi  1880  he  was  elected 
to  Congress  to  succeed  James  A.  (lartield,  who  had  been  elected 
to  the  senate.  General  Garfield  never  took  his  seat  in  the  senate, 
because  he  was  nominated  and  elected  to  the  jtresidency  that 
same  year.  Judge  Taylor,  therefore,  filled  General  Garfield's 
unexpired  term,  going  to  Washington  in  December,  1880.  Major 
McKinley  had  been  a  member  of  the  judiciary  committee  of  the 
house,  and  took  Garfield's  place  on  the  ways  and  means  commit- 
tee when  Garfield  left  that  body.  .ludge  Taylor  was  ai)pointed 
a  member  of  the  judiciary  conunittee  in  McKinley 's  place,  and 
he  served  on  this  committee  as  chairman  when  the  Republican 
party  was  in  power,  always  at  other  times  as  a  member.  He 
was  a  member  of  other  committees  of  the  house — commerce, 
claims,  etc.  He  was  a  member  of  the  conference  committee,  and 
was  eijually  responsible  with  Senator  Slierman  for  the  passage 
of  the  law  known  as  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Bill.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  bankruptcy  bill ;  assisted  Speaker  Reed  in  making 


1?8  IIISLOKY   OF  TltUMBULL  COUNTY 

the  rules  wliioh  have  been  so  severely  criticised  duriug-  this 
present  year.  He  gave,  as  chairman  of  this  committee,  the  onl^^ 
majority  report  on  the  question  of  woman  sutt'rage  which  has 
ever  been  given  by  any  counuittee  in  the  national  house  of  repre- 
sentatives. Speaker  Seed  once  made  a  minority  report  which 
Judge  Taylor  signed.  The  congressional  speech  which  attracted 
the  most  attention  was  that  on  the  Chinese  question.  After 
thirteen  years'  service  he  retired,  for  personal  reasons.  He 
entered  into  a  partiiershi])  in  1884  with  his  son-in-law,  George 
W.  Upton,  which  existed  until  1905,  when  a  stroke  of  apoplexy 
caused  the  former  to  retire  from  active  practice. 

In  early  life  ]Mr.  Taylor  l)elonged  to  debating  societies,  and 
was  much  interested  in  public  affairs,  sucli  as  libraries,  agricul- 
tural societies,  etc.  Once,  when  dining  with  General  Hazen  in 
Washington,  the  latter  showed  him  a  premium  card  which  he 
received  when  living  on  his  farm  near  Garrettsville  for  raising 
broom  corn.  This  was  signed  by  Ezra  B.  Taylor  as  secretary. 
Both  at  that  time  were  yoimg  men.  These  two  men  had  many 
stories  to  tell  that  evening  of  their  boyhood  life  on  the  farm 
(they  lived  within  a  few  miles  of  each  other),  to  the  amusement 
of  the  other  guests. 

Judge  Taylor  once  told  the  writer  that  when  he  took  up  his 
duties  as  common  pleas  .iudge  he  was  greatly  troubled  lest,  in 
some  doubtful  or  evenly  balanced  case,  his  personal  opinion  of. 
or  feeling  towards  one  of  the  parties  or  attorneys  might  uneou- 
scionsly  tend  to  bias  his  judgment.  But  he  was  both  glad  and 
surprised  to  find  that  from  the  time  he  entered  upon  the  trial 
of  a  cause  it  became  to  him  a  mere  impersonal  abstraction,  in 
which  he  was  hardly  conscious  that  he  knew  the  parties  or  their 
council;  this  fact  quieted  his  fears.  This  is  a  rare  trait,  but  on 
intimate  acqiiaintance,  and  years  of  practice  with  him  at  the 
bar,  and  before  him  on  the  bench,  the  writer  was  confirmed  in 
the  belief  that  this  was  true. 

As  a  lawyer  and  judge,  lie  for  many  years  before  his  retire- 
ment stood  with  the  foremost  of  those  in  northeastern  Ohio.  Of 
fine  })hysique,  ]3leasant  appearance  and  address,  keen  perception 
and  (juick  of  thought,  with  a  retentive  memory  and  good  com- 
mand of  langnage,  he  was  not  an  orator  by  any  standard  of  the 
schools,  save  that  of  nature,  but  was  always  an  interesting  and 
persuasive  advocate,  commanding  attention  whenever  he  spoke ; 
and  much  because  he  never  spoke  unless  he  had  something  to 
.say,  and  his  earnestness  of  look,  tone  and  manner  left  with  his 


HISTORY  OF  TKHMHULr.  COUNTY  J79 

hearers  Jittle  duiiitt  of  lii^.  cuiivietioii  that  his  cause  was  a  good 
one.  As  a  judge  he  stood  among  the  best.  His  knowledge  of 
the  hiw  and  liow  to  apply  it,  with  liis  logical,  reasoning  mind  and 
sound  judgment  and  a  conscientious  desire  to  be  right,  fitted  him 
for  this.  But  i)erhaps  his  most  sterling  ((uality  on  the  licnch  was 
his  keen  sense  of  justice,  fairness  and  right,  withoul  whirh  few- 
causes  ever  safely  jjassed  through  his  hands. 

Judge  Taylor  is  by  nature  optimistic.  .VUliough  ml  off 
from  his  business  associates  by  his  illness,  he  declaics  that  these 
last  four  years  of  his  life  have  been  his  hapi)iest  ones.  •'  Kvei'y- 
l)ody  is  so  good  to  me,"  he  says.  His  vigor  of  mind  continues, 
and  his  life-long  philosophy  is  his  strength.  His  only  daughter, 
Mrs.  Upton,  has  been  his  life-long  companion  and  conira<U'.  The 
relation  e.xisting  between  these  two  persons  is  as  ))eautifid  as  it 
is  rare. 

The  late  Judge  Elias  PI  Koberts,  whose  sudden  death  oc- 
curred November  2-1:,  1908,  in  Sharon,  Pennsylvania,  was 
the  only  circuit  judge  that  Trumliull  County  ever  had. 
He  had  recently  been  elected  to  this  ofdce  uuder  the  new 
law,  and  his  loss  will  lie  dee])ly  felt  by  this  court.  For  the  past 
five  years  he  had  been  judge  of  the  court  of  conmion  ])leas 
for  the  Warren  district,  and  w;is  one  of  the  youngest  men  ever 
honored  willi  that  distinction.  He  was  a  native  of  Wclisville, 
Columl)iaiia  count},  and  his  higher  literary  studies  were  pur- 
sued at  .Motuit  I'nion  College,  .Vliiance,  Ohio,  fi-oiii  which  he 
graduated  in  the  philosoiihical  course  in  1888.  He  taught  scho()l 
for  a  number  of  years,  being  superintendent  of  the  .\ewtoii 
Falls  schools  foi-  four  years,  and  (hiring  his  labors  as  a  teacher 
he  jirepared  himself  for  the  law. 

Judge  Koberts  was  admitted  to  the  bai-  in  18!)|,  and  in  Oc- 
tober of  the  following  year  entered  the  office  of  T.  H.  (xillmer  of 
Warren,  where  he  remained  for  four  years,  or  until  his  election 
as  prosecuting  attorney  in  189(i.  His  energetic  yet  conservative 
administration  of  this  otfice  stamped  him  as  a  lawyer  of  such 
lireadth  and  sound  judgment  that  he  received  the  apjiointment 
of  the  common  ])leas  judgeshi])  as  successor  to  Judge  T.  J.  (iill- 
mer,  and  at  the  fall  election  of  liMlo  he  was  elected  for  the  regu- 
lar term. 

The  following  is  a  concise  and  truthful  estimate:  "Judge 
Roberts  was  a  conservative  but  fearless  man  when  it  came  to 
deciding  cases,  and  had  the  ability  to  keep  the  courts  going  so 
that  docket  cases  did  not  congest.     As  an  orator  he  had  few 


180  llIS'rOKY  OF  TJIUMBULL  COUNTY 

peers."  He  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  and  several 
other  fraternal  organizations.  He  was  just  as  jiopular  in  other 
courts  of  the  subdivision  as  he  was  at  home,  and  a  case  never 
came  before  him  of  whose  merits  he  did  not  have  some  knowl- 
edge. 

Judge  T.  I.  Gillmer  has  lived  his  entire  life  in  Trumbull 
County.  He  was  born  in  1844.  His  father  died  early,  and  he 
had  tlie  management  of  the  estate  and  the  care  of  his  mother. 
He  attended  common  and  academic  schools,  and  graduated  from 
the  Iron  City  Commercial  College  in  Pittsburg  in  1858.  Alter 
reading  law  with  Hon.  John  F.  Beaver  he  was  admitted  in  1870. 
He  practiced  in  Newton  Falls  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Beaver.  He 
moved  to  Warren  in  1874,  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in 
1875,  became  a  partner  of  Hon  L.  C.  Jones  in  1880,  was  elected 
common  pleas  judge  in  1886,  discharging  the  duties  of  this  office 
with  great  conscientiousness  and  ability.  He  retired  from  the 
judgeship  in  1903  and  formed  a  partnership  with  his  son,  E. 
I.  Gillmer,  which  exists  at  this  writing.  In  1870  he  married  Helen 
Earl,  and  their  married  life  was  exceedingly  hai^py.  Mrs.  Gill- 
mer, who  died  in  1908,  was  a  devoted  mother  and  a  faithful  wife. 
She  and  her  husband  were  interested  in  educational  and  public 
affairs.  She  was  a  memlier  and  a  worker  in  the  Disciple  church ; 
he  was  an  officer  and  is  now  acting  president  of  the  Library  As- 
sociation. Their  oldest  child,  Elizabeth,  is  the  wife  of  J.  W. 
Packard.  R.  I.  Gillmer  and  his  daughter  Katharine  reside  with 
the  judge.  Mr.  Gillmer  owns  a  farm  in  Newton  township  that 
was  ]mrchased  by  his  grandfather  from  the  Connecticut  Land 
Comjiany  in  1807. 

Thomas  H.  Gillmer  was  born  in  Newton  township  in  1849. 
He  had  a  common  school  education,  and  attended  the  Normal 
School  at  Lebanon.  He  began  his  ]irofessional  life  as  a  teacher, 
and  studied  law  later  with  Ratlitf  &  Gillmer.  He  was  admitted 
in  1878,  and  began  to  practice  in  Newton  Falls.  Later  he  moved 
to  Warren  and  had  an  office  with  his  cousin,  T.  I.  Gillmer.  He 
was  elected  prosecuting  attorney,  and  for  ten  years  or  more  has 
been  a  member  of  the  school  board,  most  of  the  time  as  presi- 
dent. He  has  l)een  exceedingly  prosperous  in  business,  being- 
connected  with  many  of  the  prominent  manufactories  of  the 
city.  He  has  been  active  in  the  organization  of  the 
Eepublican  party  in  the  county.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  Congress  after  Stephen  A.  Northway's  death,  but  was 
defeated  by  Charles  Dick.     He  was  connected  with  the  First 


HlSTOin:   OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  18i 

National  Bank  as  an  officer,  and  upon  the  merging-  of  tlie  War- 
ren Savings  Bank  with  tlie  First  National,  under  tlio  title  of  the 
Union  National  Bank,  he  became  us  president. 

George  AV.  Upton  was  born  in  Sacramento,  California,  in 
1857.  His  father  was  at  that  time  prosecuting  attorney,  and 
had  been  a  member  of  the  Michigan  legislature,  in  which  state 
he  had  stopped  on  his  way  west  from  his  New  York  home.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  California  legislature,  and  when  George 
was  eight  years  old  the  family  moved  to  Oregon.  Here  the 
father  became  circuit  judge,  and  later  chief  justice  of  the 
supreme  court. 

George  "W.  was  educated  in  the  Portland  schools,  both  }>uhlic 
and  private.  He  was  a  teacher  for  a  little  time,  and  was  of  the 
party  which  surveyed  the  disputed  islands  lying  between  the 
United  States  and  British  Columbia.  He  was  appointed  cailet 
to  West  Point  in  1876,  where  he  spent  four  years. 

His  father  having  been  appointed  comptroller  of  the 
treasury  in  1877,  the  family  moved  to  Washington.  Here  he 
attended  Columbian  Law  School,  graduated,  and  came  to  Warren 
in  1884.  He  entered  into  partnership  with  Judge  Ezra  B.  Tay- 
lor, whose  daughter.  Harriet,  he  married,  and  this  partnership 
continued  until  he  went  to  South  America,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  business  five  years.  He  was  appointed  prosecuting  attorney 
by  Judge  T.  I.  Gilhner  in  1895,  and  served  during  the  construc- 
tion of  the  present  court  house.  Because  of  his  mechanical  turn 
of  mind  he  now  devotes  himself  to  the  practice  of  patent  law. 

Charles  Fillius  was  born  at  Hudson,  Summit  county,  Ohio, 
in  1852.  Aside  from  a  common  education,  he  graduated  at 
Hiram  College.  He  read  law  by  himself  in  the  beginning,  and 
finally  in  the  office  of  Marvin  and  Grant,  attorneys-at-law  in 
Akron,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878.  Mr.  Fillius  began 
practice  at  Cuyahoga  Falls  in  1879,  and  continued  till  he  came 
to  W^arren  in  1882.  He  then  married  the  daughter  of  Judge 
George  Tuttle,  and  the  two  men  formed  a  partnership  which 
lasted  twenty  years,  when  Judge  Tuttle  retired.  Mi*.  Fillius 
has  been  identified  with  the  general  interests  of  the  town,  serving 
as  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Children's  Home.  He  is  director 
of  the  Western  Reserve  Bank,  and  is  one  of  the  main  supports 
of  the  Christian  church. 

He  has  been  unfortunate  in  being-  a  Democrat  in  a  commun- 
itv  where  the  Eepublican  party  is  dominant,  otherwise  he  would 
have  filled  several  high  positions  of  trust  and  honoi*.    Mr.  and 


182  lIISTOi;y   OF  TKF.AFr.FLL  (OL'XTY 

Mrs.  Fillius  have  one  sou,  (Jeoige,  who,  like  his  father  and 
grandfather,  is  a  lawyer,  just  admitted. 

Lulie  E.  ^lackey  was  born  in  Vienna  in  1870.  She  is  a  self- 
made  woman,  although  like  most  self-made  men  she  owes  a  great 
deal  to  her  mother,  who  sympathized  with  her  in  her  ambitions 
and  who  made  some  of  her  work  jiossible.  Her  father  was  Ira 
B.  and  her  mother  Mina  Mackey.  She  attended  school  in 
Vienna.  Niles,  and  began  teaching  when  she  was  sixteen.  She 
took  care  of  herself  l)y  luird  work  at  the  time  she  was  studying 
stenography.  Although  she  never  mentions  this  fact,  it  is  gen- 
erally known  that  she  obtained  the  education  in  this  line  which 
made  her  siiccess  possible  by  working  early  in  the  morning  and 
very  late  at  night.  This  sacrifice  she  had  to  make  because  her 
father  died  in  188!).  Her  mother,  who  is  still  living,  lives  with 
her  at  their  country  home  lietween  Niles  and  Girard.  Here  Miss 
^Mackey  owns  a  large  farm.  In  1894  Miss  Mackey  was  appointed 
court  stenographer  by  T.  I.  Gillmer,  upon  the  recommendation 
of  two  associate  judges  and  the  leading  attorneys  of  Trumbull 
and  Mahoning  counties.  She  was  the  first  woman  to  hold  so 
responsible  a  place  in  this  Judicial  district,  and  made  good  to 
such  an  extent  that  she  is^still  serving,  at  the  end  of  fifteen 
years.  The  salary  and  fees  of  this  office  are  very  good,  and 
Miss  Mackey  has  made  g6od  investments,  so  that  she  is  not  only 
successful  in  her  calling  but  in  the  way  in  which  the  world 
speaks  of  success.  Her  court  association  led  her  to  study  law 
under  Judge  T.  I.  Gillmer,  and  in  the  offices  of  T.  H.  Gillmer. 
Hon.  E.  E.  Eoberts  and  Prof.  Kinkead  of  the  Ohio  University 
of  Columbus.  She  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1898,  being  sworn 
in  by  Judge  AYilliam  T.  S])ear.  Slie  is  the  only  woman  attorney 
in  Trumbull  County. 

Charles  ]\I.  AYilkins,  who  has  just  begam  his  first  term  as 
common  pleas  judge,  was  born  in  Warren  in  1865.  His  early 
education  was  olitained  at  tlie  public  schools,  and  later  he  at- 
tended Tjehigh  ITniversity.  His  law  preceptor  was  John  J. 
Sullivan,  and  he  was  admitted  in  1891.  He  was  city  solicitor  in 
190l)-l!l()i;;  prosecuting  attorney  1903- '06.  He  resigned  as  solic- 
itor to  acce))t  the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney.  He  resigned  from 
the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
judge.  He  had  been  elected  judge  in  1908,  and  would  have  taken 
his  place  January  1,  1909.  Judge  E.  E.  Eoberts,  whose  tei-m 
would  have  expired  January  1,  1909,  died  before  the  expiration 
of  that  term,  and  Judge  Wilkins  was  appointed  to  this  vacancy. 


HiSTor;y  of  tku-aibull  couxty  i83 

Judge  E.  0.  Dilley  was  l)orn  in  1861;  educated  iu  the  Cort- 
land schools  and  Hiram  College;  studied  law  with  E.  B. 
Leonard;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1895.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Knights  of  Pythias,  the  Maccabees,  was  elected  probate 
judge  in  1908  and  assumed  the  duties  of  his  office  on  February 
y,  1909. 

"William  B.  Kilpatrick,  now  mayor  of  Warren,  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  1877.  He  studied  law  with  George  P.  Hunter,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1901.  He  attended  no  school  except  the 
Warren  high  school,  but  has  been  a  student  of  economic  ques- 
tions. He  is  the  only  Democrat  since  the  war  time  who  has  been 
elected  to  the  office  of  mayor.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias  and  the  Odd  Fellows.  He  was  a  candidate  for  judge  of 
common  pleas  court  in  1908,  and  ran  far  ahead  of  his  ticket  in 
his  own  town. 

Judge  Frank  S.  Chryst  was  born  in  Lordstown,  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  graduated  from  Allegheny  College  in 
1880.  He  studied  law  with  Jones  &  Gillmer,  and  was  admitted 
in  1882.  Was  in  partnership  with  Frank  W.  Harrington  from 
1888  to  1891;  was  later  a  partner  of  Judge  I).  R.  Gilbert.  He 
Avas  elected  probate  judge  in  1902,  sei'A'ing  two  tenns,  from  1903 
to  1909.  At  this  writing  Judge  Chryst  has  just  moved  into  a 
new  home  on  ^lonroe  street,  occupying  a  lot  upon  which  stood 
one  of  the  oldest  houses  in  Warren.  Here  Mr.  Porter,  the 
grandfather  of  Joseph  and  Mary  Porter,  now  residing  in  this 
city,  lived,  and  it  afterwards  became  the  property  of  Miss  Laura 
Harsh,  whose  father,  John,  and  mother,  Nancy,  were  among  the 
very  early  settlers  in  Warren. 

Frank  R.  Cowdrey  is  a  son  of  Julius  X.  Cowdrey,  the  two 
being  in  jiartuership  at  Niles,  Ohio.  Mr.  Cowdrey  was  born  in 
1878.  studied  law  with  his  father,  Julius  N.  Cowdrey,  and  was 
admitted  in  1900.  He  Avas  educated  in  the  Niles  schools  and  the 
Ohio  Normal  Fniversity  at  Ada. 

Josej^h  Smith  was  born  in  1870,  educated  in  the  Niles 
schools,  and  studied  law  with  Hon.  C.  H.  Strock.  He  Avas  admit- 
ted to  practice  in  Columbus  in  1895.  He  is  city  solicitor  of  Niles, 
past  W.  M.  of  Mahoning  Lodge  394,  F.  &  A.'m.,  and  past  C.  C. 
of  Niles  Lodge  No.  138,  K.  of  P.  He  was  associated  in  business 
with  Wm.  H.  Smiley  for  a  little  time  before  his  death. 

R.  K.  Hulse  was  born  in  Bazetta,  receiA^ed  his  early  educa- 
tion in  the  Bazetta  schools  and  the  Seminary  at  Farmingtou 
until  1843.    He  then  went  to  work  for  Mr.  Belden  in  his  carriage 


184  HISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

sboio  iu  Warreu.  Here  lie  had  access  to  a  library  kept  by  D.  M. 
Ide,  and,  at  the  suggestion  of  Judge  Birchard  read  Blackstone. 
He  studied  law  witli  Judge  Yeomans.  Was  a  member  of  the 
125th  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteers,  served  as  corporal  sergeant. 
1st  sergeant,  second  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant  and  captain. 
After  the  war  he  comi^leted  his  studies,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1877,  and  retired  in  1902.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order,  and  of  the  Methodist  church.  He  has  been  a  teacher  or  a 
scholar  iu  that  church  for  fifty-seven  years.  He  married  Miss 
Hannah  Payton  in  1847. 

Mr.  G.  P.  Gillmer  was  born  in  Newton  township  in  1872. 
He  studied  law  with  T.  H.  Gillmer,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1902.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  New- 
ton Falls,  at  the  Northern  Indiana  Normal  University,  at  Val- 
paraiso, Ind.,  receiving  the  degree  of  B.  S.  He  also  attended 
Waynesburg  College,  Waynesburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  resides  in  Niles,  and  is  a  trustee  of  the 
First  Methodist  church  of  that  place.  He  is  a  Knight  Templar, 
a  Shriner,  member  of  the  1.  0.  0.  F.  and  the  K.  of  P. 

Plon.  Warreu  Thomas  was  born  in  1876,  educated  in  the 
Cortland  schools,  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Tuttle  &  Fillius 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1899.  He  served  two  years  in 
the  Ohio  house  of  representatives,  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary 
committee  of  that  body,  and  is  now  assistant  attorney-general 
of  the  state.  He  resides  in  W^arren.  He  has  actively  engaged 
in  politics  in  the  last  few  years. 

Jay  Buchwalter  was  born  in  Daltou,  W^ayne  county,  Ohio, 
in  1874.  He  studied  law  with  Tuttle  &  Fillius  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  iu  1901.  He  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Mount  Union  College.  He  is  interested  in  pol- 
itics, and  has  an  active  practice.  He  is  affiliated  with  the  Meth- 
odist church  and  interested  in  educational  matters. 

EoUin  I.  Gillmer,  who  is  associated  with  his  father.  Judge 
T.  I.  Gillmer,  was  born  in  Newton  Falls  in  1873.  He  attended 
the  Warren  schools,  Hudson  Academy,  and  University  of  Michi- 
gan. He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1897.  He  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  as  United  States  commissioner.  He  belongs  to 
the  Masons,  the  Elks,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church. 
He  is  the  youngest  of  the  four  Gillmers  now  at  the  Trumbull 
County  bar. 

D.  M.  Hine,  who  has  been  maj^or  of  Newton  Falls  and  is 
attorney  for  that  village  at  present,  was  born  in  Paris,  Portage 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  185 

county.  Pie  obtained  his  education  iu  tlie  common  schools  and  at 
Mount  Union.  He  taught  for  several  years.  I£e  attended  the 
Cincinnati  Law  School,  graduating  with  honors  in  181 CJ.  Jle  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  that  same  month,  ^lav.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Odd  Fellows. 

A.  E.  AYonders  graduated  from  the  Warren  high  scliool  in 
1896,  and  has  spent  all  of  his  life  in  Warren.  He  studied  in  the 
office  of  Homer  E.  Stewart  and  at  the  Ohio  State  Law  School. 
He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1900.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Mahoning  Lodge  No.  29,  I.  0.  O.  F.,  and  Trumbull  Encampment 
No.  47,  I.  0.  0.  F.  :\lr.  Wonders,  like  his  father  before  him,  is 
an  ardent  Methodist.  He  married  Miss  Mabel  Izant,  whose 
family  likewise  are  devoted  ]\Iethodists. 

Alcher  L.  Phelps,  one  of  the  youngest  members  of  Trumbull 
County  bar,  was  born  in  1873.  His  early  education  was  obtained 
in  the  Bristolville  schools,  and  he  later  studied  at  the  State  Uni- 
versity in  Columlnis.  His  law  studies  were  pursued  under  the 
instruction  of  John  J.  Sullivan,  George  P.  Hunter,  while  he  also 
attended  the  law  school  at  Columbus.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Columbus  iu  1897.  He  has  served  as  city  solicitor  of  the 
town  of  Warren,  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  church,  as  well 
as  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  Elks,  and  Warren  Com- 
mandery.  Knights  Templar. 

George  T.  Hecklinger,  the  grandson  of  the  late  M.  B.  Tay- 
ler,  on  his  mother's  side,  and  Daniel  Hecklinger  on  the  father's 
side,  was  born  in  Warren  in  1875.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  Mercerburg  College.  Studied  law  at  the  Western 
Univer.sity  of  Pennsylvania.  Was  admitted  in  1898.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  health,  the  Royal  Arcanum,  Odd  Fellows 
and  ]\rasons.    He  is  a  Methodist,  as  were  his  parents  before  him. 

William  E.  Tuttle  is  the  third  son  of  Judge  George  M. 
Tattle.  He  was  born  and  lived  all  his  life  in  Warren,  Ohio.  He 
graduated  from  the  Warren  high  school,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Columbus  iu  the  early  '90s.  His  business  is  largely  an 
office  business,  as  he  deals  in  real  estate,  municipal  bonds,  etc. 
He  has  an  office  in  Youngstown,  as  well  as  in  Warren. 

George  W.  Snyder  was  born  in  Hartford  in  1839.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools;  he  read  law  with  L.  C.  Jones 
at  Hartford,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867.  He  located 
at  Orangeville,  and  has  held  several  positions  in  that  village, — 
those  of  justice  of  the  peace,  mayor  and  piostmaster. 

AYilliam  B.  Morau  was  born  in  Leitrim  covmty,  Ireland,  in 


186  IliS'J'OKY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

184ti.  With  his  parents  he  located  in  Trumbull  County  in  1852. 
He  is  sell-educated,  and  in  early  life  taught  school.  He  began 
the  study  of  law  in  1870,  being  with  Hutchins,  Tuttle  &  StuU  in 
1872.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  iu  1874  and  located  in  Ver- 
non. AVithin  the  last  few  years  he  moved  to  AYarren,  that  his 
family  might  have  the  advantage  of  the  schools,  and  here  he 
continues  to  practice. 

M.  J.  Sloan  was  born  in  Greene  in  1844.  He  early  enlisted 
in  the  army,  serving  two  years.  He  attended  school  in  Greene, 
Orwell,  and  Oberlin  College.  He  earned  the  money  to  defray 
his  expenses  while  in  ()])erlin.  He  studied  law  and  taught  school, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874.  Most  of  his  law  reading 
was  done  with  John  C.  Hale,  of  Elyria.  He  first  located  in 
Niles,  then  moved  to  Warren.  He  has  been  prominent  in  G.  A. 
R.  circles,  was  elected  mayor  in  1906.  At  present  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  pardons  for  the  state  of  Ohio. 

Washington  Hyde  was  born  in  West  Farmington  in  1847, 
and  belongs  to  one  of  the  families  who  settled  that  town.  He 
made  great  sacrifices  to  get  his  education  at  ihe  Seminary  in 
Farmington.  During  part  of  his  course  he  rang  the  bell  of  the 
Seminary.  He  graduated  in  1867,  attended  Michigan  University 
in  1870,  graduated  from  the  law  department  of  that  college  in 
1872.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  year,  and  began 
practicing  in  AVarren.  He  was  elected  prosecutor  in  1879,  and 
re-elected  in  1881.  He  is  connected  as  a  stockholder  with  several 
business  enterprises  of  this  city. 

John  LaFayette  Herzog  was  born  in  Warren  in  1857.  He 
obtained  his  education  in  the  AVarren  high  school  and  studied 
law  with  Sutlift'  cV:  Stewart.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1878,  and  has  spent  his  entire  life  in  Warren.  His  practice  has 
been  largely  of  settling  estates,  and  not  much  in  the  line  of  liti- 
gation. He  has  a  fine  knowledge  of  law,  but  is  exceedingly 
modest  and  retiring. 

LaFayette  Hunter  was  born  in  Howland  in  1846.  He  at- 
tended school  at  Newton  Falls,  normal  school  at  Hopedale.  In 
1872  he  went  to  commercial  college  in  Cleveland.  Took  his  law 
course  at  ^\.lbany.  graduating  in  3874,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  the  same  year.  He  located  at  Warren,  Ohio,  where  he  has 
since  practiced.    He  is  commissioner  of  bankruptcy. 

Eobert  T.  Izant  was  born  at  Great  Elm,  Somersetshire. 
England,  in  1855.  He  came  to  AVarren  with  his  parents  in  1872. 
and  soon  thereafter  became  clerk  in  the  office  of  John  M.  Stull. 


HISTORY   OF  TRU-AIBT'LL  COUNTY  187 

He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878,  aud  practiced  for  a  uumber 
of  years.  When  the  Tnmibull  Building  &  Loan  Association  was 
formed  he  became  treasurer  of  it,  and  lias  devoted  all  liis  time 
to  that  institution  since,  being  largely  responsible  for  its  success. 
He  married  Sadee  King  of  Kinsninn,  and  with  her  is  a  worker 
in  tlie  Methodist  church. 

A.  A.  Drown  Avas  born  in  Nelson  in  1850.  Jle  attended  Icjcal 
schools  and  Hiram  College.  Read  law  with  Taylor  &  Jones,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875,  and  has  since  contiiuied  to  i>ractice 
his  profession,  most  of  the  time  in  Warren. 

David  E.  Clilliert  was  born  in  Vernon  in  ]84(;,  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Gustavus  in  185().  He  attended  district  school 
and  Oberlin  College,  lie  began  the  study  of  law  in  1871  with 
Taylor  &  Jones.  \\c  was  admitted  at  Cantield  in  1873.  He 
began  ]jractice  in  1875;  was  associated  with  Judge  Taylor  in 
1880;  lie  served  two  terms  as  2^robate  judge,  and  continues  the 
practice  of  law  in  the  city. 

Emerson  P>.  Leonard  received  liis  education  in  tlu'  common 
schools,  Penn  Line,  Pennsylvania,  high  school  at  Jeft'erson,  and 
Kingsville  Academy.  Studied  law  with  W.  P.  Holland  (his 
brother-in-law),  Jeft'erson,  Uliio.  Was  admitted  at  Cleveland  in 
1871.  Was  prosecuting  attorney  of  Ashtabula  county  for  two 
terms.  He  is  now  in  active  ]ii'actice  at  Warren.  F.  D.  Templeton 
being  his  ])artiicr. 

M.  15.  Leslie,  nl'  Hubbard,  Avas  boru  in  that  town  in  1851. 
He  studied  law  with  Judge  George  Arrell,  and  was  admitted  in 
1878.  He  Avcnt  to  school  in  Poland,  and  Avas  .iustice  of  the  peace 
three  years. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Baldwin  is  city  solicitor.  He  studied  law  with 
John  ]\I.  Stull,  and  has  made  a  si>ecialty  of  securing  abstracts 
of  titles. 

Wade  li.  Deemer  Avas  born  in  P^iwler,  18(i5.  He  earned 
the  money  for  education  i)y  working  as  a  machinist.  He  com- 
pleted his  course  of  study  in  188()  at  Ncav  Lyme  College.  He 
studied  law  Avith  C.  H.  Strock  of  Xiles,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1891.  In  1892,  May,  he  began  practicing  law  at  Girard, 
and  in  Octol)er  of  the  same  year  married  ^tyrtle  C.  Baldwin,  of 
Austinburg. 

Clare  Caldwell  Avas  born  in  AVarren  in  1881.  He  graduated 
at  the  ATarren  high  school,  took  a  course  at  Western  Reserve 
College  in  Cleveland,  graduating  there,  also  from  the  Western 
Reserve  Law  School  in  1905.     Spent  some  time  in  Cleveland, 


188  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

and  iu  1907  began  ijraetifiug  law  in  Niles,  where  lie  now  resides. 
He  is  the  youngest  man  at  the  bar  in  Trumbull  County  at  this 
writing,  and  Judge  E.  B.  Taylor  is  the  oldest. 

From  the  time  the  author  was  a  little  girl  she  has  listened 
to  the  tales  AAiiich  lawyers  loved  to  tell  of  another.  Some  of 
them  might  not  be  of  general  interest,  and  space  would  not  allow 
the  recording  of  many  here,  anyway.  However,  she  ventures 
to  give  one  of  two. 

An  attorney  of  rather  doubtful  reputation  was  defending 
a  client  for  arson.  The  counsel  for  the  defense  was  attempting 
to  prove  an  alibi.  The  man,  colored,  was  known  not  to  be  able 
to  write.  When  he  "was  called  ujDon  in  answer  to  question  he 
said  that  he  could  not  have  burned  the  building  because  he  was 
in  Sharon  that  night. 

"How  do  you  remember  that  it  was  that  night?"  asked  the 
prosecuting  attorney. 

"Because  I  remember  writing  to  my  mother  that  very  day." 
"Writing  to  your  mother?"  ejaculated  the  prosecutor,  as  he 
handed  the  accused  a  pencil  and  paper,  saying,  "write  'Sharon, 
Pa.,  August  19th,  1881.'  "  The  colored  boy's  eyes  glistened. 
This  was  exactly  what  his  lawj^er  had  said  would  happen. 
Clutching  the  pencil  tightly  and  wetting  it  often,  he  produced 
the  following:  "Charon  Pa.  Aug  91.  1881."  Handing  it  back 
triumphantly  to  the  prosecutor,  he  w-as  surprised  when  it  was 
read  to  hear  a  general  laugh.  The  prosecutor  suggested,  "Mr. 
Blank  is  a  good  writing  teacher,  isn't  he?"  "Fine,"  replied 
the  boy.  Whereuiion  the  coimsel  for  prisoner  objected,  the  usual 
discussion  took  place,  but  the  boy  was  convicted. 

The  Germans  who  settled  the  lower  part  of  Trumbull  and 
upper  part  of  Mahoning  formed  a  community  by  themselves. 
They  learned  the  English  language  slowly  and  imperfectly.  In 
one  case  a  large  proportion  of  the  jury  was  of  these.  One  young, 
dapper  fellow,  because  of  his  better  knowledge  of  "English  as 
she  is  spoke,"  was  made  foreman  of  the  jurj'.  This  was  in  the 
days  when  verdicts  were  returned  orally.  After  long  deliberation 
this  jury  was  unable  to  agree,  and  returned  to  the  court  room 
to  so  report.  But  the  clerk,  supposing  they  had  agreed,  pro- 
ceeded with  the  usual  formula,  and  asked,  "Gentlemen  of  the 
jury,  have  you  agreed  upon  a  verdict?"  The  dapper  little  fore- 
man pox)ped  up  and  said:  "Yaas."  The  clerk:  "How  do 
you  find — for  the  plaintiff  or  for  the  defendant?"     Foreman: 


HISTOKY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  189 

"Vos  is  dot?"  The  clerk:  "Win',  how  do  you  fiud  by  your 
verdict?  Do  you  iind  for  the  plaiutift'  or  for  the  defendant?" 
Foreman:  "O,  we  ton't  iind  noddings  for  any  o'  dem  fellers;  te 
ohury  has  cot  shplit." 

On  another  occasion  two  brothers  of  that  community,  Jake 
and  John,  went  together  to  the  county  seat  to  pay  their  taxes 
and  transact  business.  In  the  afternoon  Jake  wandered  into 
the  courtroom,  just  as  they  were  impanelling  a  jury.  The  i-egu- 
lar  panel  being  exhausted,  Jake  was  called  and  sworn  in  as  one 
of  the  talesmen.  At  the  adjournment  of  the  court  the  judge  was 
very  impressive  in  warning  the  jury  that  they  must  not  talk 
among  themselves  about  the  meiits  of  the  case,  nor  listen  to 
others  so  talking,  nor  permit  any  person  to  speak  to  them  of 
matters  involved  in  the  case.  Jake  took  all  this  very  literally. 
As  he  approached  the  hotel  where  they  stopped  John  was  on  the 
steps  waiting-  for  him,  and  called  out,  "Well,  Chake,  is  you 
ready  to  go  home?"  Jake  stopped  and  held  ui>  both  hands 
warningly,  and  said:  "Ton't  slipeak  mit  me.  Ton't  shpeak 
mit  me.     I  ish  te  chury." 

At  one  time  one  of  the  ])riests  at  St.  Mary's  "looked  upon 
wine  when  it  was  I'ed  in  the  cup"  too  often,  until  he  could  not 
get  on  without  it.  Ilis  ])arishiouers  lirst  noticed  that  he  was 
sometimes  a  little  worse  for  drink,  and  then  the  townsjieople 
knew  it.  An  attorney  in  town,  who  had  no  nose  for  news,  was 
particularly  gifted  at  minding  his  own  business,  had  had  occa- 
sion to  hear  the  complaints  from  a  client  of  the  dissipation  of 
this  otherwise  good  priest.  Because  it  came  in  a  business  way 
he  remembered  it.  Very  soon  thereafter,  when  he  was  attending 
court  in  a  nearliy  town,  a  Catholic  gentleman,  devout  of  nature, 

asked  him  if  it  were  true  that  Father drank  to  excess. 

The  lawyer  replied,  "Personally  I  do  not  know,  for  I  am  not 
aequamted  with  him;  Imt  some  of  my  friends  at  home  tell  me 
he  does."  It  seems  that  proper  church  officials  had  decided  to 
investigate  the  case  of  this  priest,  and  the  man  was  asking  for 
a  real  purpose.  The  proceedings  were  begun,  and,  one  morning, 
some  weeks  after,  when  the  Warren  lawyer  was  sitting  in  his 
l)ack  office,  the  priest,  in  a  good  deal  of  temper,  came  hurriedly 
in.  "1  understand,"  said  the  father,  "that  you  have  reported 
to  headquarters  that  I  am  a  drunkard."  The  lawyer,  a  resolute 
but  gentle  man,  pursued  his  desk  work  for  a  few  nitiments.  and 
then,  looking  up.  said,  "I  never  saw  you  before.  I  never  said 
Aon  were  a  drunkard.    I  did,  however,  tell  a  man  that  Warren 


.190  nisToitY  OF  ti;umbi;ll  county 

people  said  you  drauk  too  muoli."  AVhereupon  the  jjiiest  laid 
his  hand  on  the  side  of  his  large,  red  nose  and  said,  "I  want  you 
to  know,  sir,  that  God  made  that  nose."  "Possibly,"  said  the 
attorney,  coolly,  "but  He  never  colored  it." 

AVlien  Judge  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  as  a  very  young  man,  had  lieeu 
practicing  law  a  few  years  in  Kavenna,  his  wife  awakened  one 
night  by  hearing  burglars  in  the  house.  He  therefore  grabbed 
a  pistol  and  went  in  the  direction  of  the  noise.  The  Imrglar, 
hearing  him  coming,  jumped  out  tlie  window,  ran  through  the 
yiu'd,  and  cleared  the  side  fence.  Mr.  Taylor  discharged  the 
revolver.  Imt  found  no  dead  man  in  the  vicinity  when  he  exam- 
ined. A  little  time  thereafter  he  was  called  to  the  jail  to  defend 
a  man  for  burglar>  .  When  they  had  talked  the  case  over  Mr. 
Taylor  felt  so  sure  that  the  man  was  guilty  that  he  persuaded 
him  to  thus  plead,  in  order  to  receive  a  light  sentence.  Mr. 
Taylor  then  talked  seriously  to  the  prisoner.  He  explained  how 
easy  it  was  for  a  man  to  lead  a  decent  life  and  to  be  respected 
by  his  fellow  citizens,  and  how  wicked  it  was,  as  well  as  dan- 
gerous, to  pursue  the  life  of  a  criminal.  Continuing,  he  said: 
"It  is  a  horrible  thing  to  be  the  cause  of  so  much  suffering  to 
women  and  to  children.  Now,  the  other  night  my  wife  awakened 
me  telling  me,  there  was  a  burglar  in  the  house,  and  that  fright 
made  her  sick.  Of  course,  I  went  after  the  man  and  shot  at  him, 
l)ut  that's  all  the  good  it  did.  I  probably  did  not  come  within 
rods  of  him."  The  prisoner  smiled  and  said.  y)icking  np  a  hat 
with  a  hole  in  it.  "You  came  near  enough,"  jxiinting  to  the  hole. 
That  this  man  had  been  ]\Ir.  Taylor's  burglar  made  him  all  the 
more  interested  in  his  future.  Before  he  left  him  the  prisoner 
had  promised  to  plead  g-uilty,  to  serve  his  time,  and  to  lead  a 
decent  life.  After  his  sentence,  when  he  had  been  home  with  his 
family  but  a  few  weeks,  the  driver  of  a  stage-coach,  or  a  car- 
riage, having  a  trunk  of  valuable  things  on  the  liack,  rejjorted 
that  on  reaching  his  destination  they  were  missing.  After  much 
search,  the  trunk  with  part  of  the  goods  being  uiissiug,  was 
found  in  the  barn  of  a  respected  farmer,  Avho  stated  he  saw  the 
prisoner  take  otf  the  trunk.  The  time  server  was  therefore  ar- 
rested, ]nit  in  jail,  and  he  sent  for  Mr.  Taylor.  He  protested 
that  he  was  not  guilty,  and  soon  Mr.  Taylor  believed  liim.  He 
swore  he  had  kv\)t  his  promise  and  would  keep  his  promise.  The 
case  came  to  trial.  Because  of  his  past  reputation,  everything 
pointed  to  his  cdnviction.  The  farmer  was  to  go  on  the  witness 
staud    iiinii("diatel\-   after   the   noon   hour.      As   the   time   grew 


]1IST01!Y   OF  TlMMi;!  LL  (OlXl'V  lill 

nearer  and  nearer  he  grew  very  i)ale  aiul  nervous,  and  when  the 
court  was  convened  in  tlie  afternoon  he  took  the  witness  stand 
and  confessed  that  he,  himself,  and  not  the  i)risoner,  was  the 
guilty  party.  The  hap})}'  ending  of  this  story  is  tliat  the  accused 
man  went  liack  to  his  own  township,  established  a  good  reputa- 
tion among  his  neighbors,  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  which 
office  lie  held  for  many  years,  and  AvJien  lie  died  was  held  in 
high  esteem  by  all  who  knew  liiiii. 

An  elderly  man  who  used  to  )a;ictice  at  the  Trumbull  bar 
says:  "I  renu'inber  the  tirst  time  Judge  Thurman  came  into 
our  couuty  to  ]u)ld  a  session  of  the  supreme  court.  Under  the 
old  constitution,  judges  of  the  supreme  court  went  on  the  circuit 
also,  and  once  a  year  one  of  tiieni,  with  two  common  pleas 
judges,  heki  a  session  of  the  supreme  court  in  each  county.  The 
lawj'ers  had  gotten  into  a  sort  of  slovenly,  undignified  course, 
not  befitting  the  dignity  of  a  court,  .hidge  Tluirman  was  six 
feet  in  height,  of  splendid  physique,  and  one  of  the  best  dressed 
and  best  groomed  men  that  I  ever  met.  When  he  came  into  the 
courtroom  that  morning  faultlessly  attired,  and  with  a  dignity 
which  matched  his  attire,  witli  immaculate  shirt  front,  collar 
and  cuffs,  and  took  his  seat  between  the  other  two  judges,  every 
lawyer  was  at  attention;  and  when  he  took  out  his  silver  snuff- 
box and  placed  it  open  on  the  desk  before  him,  and  laid  liis  white 
cambric  handkerchief  l)eside  it,  adjusted  his  cuffs,  opened  the 
docket,  and,  with  a  glance  around  the  room  which  took  in  every 
lawi'er  present,  said,  'If  the  gentlemen  of  the  liar  will  give  atten- 
tion, we  will  proceed  with  the  call  of  the  docket,'  every  lawyer 
did  pay  attention;  and  thereafter  there  was  no  lounging  with  feet 
on  the  trial  table,  uns(>emly  levity  or  want  of  decorum:  and  no 
lawyer  thought  of  ,-ul(lressiug  the  court  without-  rising  to  his 
feet.  The  couit  was  levohitionized  iu  half  a  minute,  and  the 
lawyei's  on  tlieir  better  behavior.  And  this  continued.  In  fact, 
a  court  is  such  as  a  judge  makes  it." 

Here  is  given  a  list  of  the  men  who  have  served  'ibumbull 
County  as  Common  Pleas  Judges: 

1808— Calvin  Pease.  I,S37— Van  R.  Humphrey. 

1810— Benj.  Buggies.  184-I^Eben  Newton. 

1815— George  Tod.  1847— Benjamin  F.  Wade. 

1830— Eeuben  Wood.  IS.')!- (Jeoi-ge  Bliss. 
1833— Mathew  Birchard. 


192  HISTOIiY  OF  TlJUilBULL  COU^^TY 

The  above  ^vere  elected  by  the  legislators.  The  constitution 
of  1S51  abolished  associate  judgeships,  and  judges  were  elected 
liy  men  of  the  subdivision  of  the  district.  Trumbull,  with  ]\[a- 
liouiug  and  Portage,  made  the  second  subdivision  of  the  ninth 
judicial  district. 

The  Common  Pleas  Judges  elected  are: 

1852- '57— Luther  Day.  188(i       —Albert     A.     Theyes 
1857- '62 — Benjamin    F.    Hoft-  (vice  Spear.) 

man.  1887- '97 — Jos.  E.  Johnston. 

1862- '67— Charles    E.    Glidden.  1888  to  date— Geo.  F.  Robin- 
1867- '72— George  M.  Tuttle.  son. 

1868-'78— Philo^  B.  Conant.  1893       —Geo.  F.  Eobinson. 

1871- '72— Charles   E.   Glidden.  1897-'99— Jas.  B.  Kennedy. 

1877       — Francis  C.  Servis.  1899   to   date — Disney  Eogers. 

1877- '80— Ezra  B.  Taylor.  i903-'08— E.  E.  Eoberts. 

1878-'86— AVm.  T.  Spear.  1908    to    date— Chas.    M.   Wil- 
1880- '87— George  F.  Arrell.  kins. 

1886       — -T.  J.  Gillmer. 

There  has  never  been  but  one  ]ierson  suffer  the  death  pen- 
alty in  Trumbull  Count>-.  That  was  Ira  "West  Gardner  of  Gus- 
tavus.  He  married  Anna  Buell,  a  widow,  who  had  a  beautiful 
tlaughter  of  sixteen,  Frances  Maria.  Gardner  in  1832  tried  to 
seduce  this  girl,  and  was  repulsed.  Fearing  him,  she  went  to 
the  home  of  a  nearby  neighbor,  staying  there  for  some  little 
time.  At  last  Gardner  sent  word  to  her  that  if  she  would  return 
home  she  would  be  safe.  Needing  some  clothing,  she  took  advan- 
tage of  this  offer,  and  Gardner,  meeting  her  at  the  gap  of  the 
fence.  ]ilunged  a  butcher  knife  into  her  heart. 

He  was  tiied  and  convicted.  Eoswell  Stone  was  the  prose- 
cuting attorney  and  Comfort  jMygatt  sheriff.  He  was  escorted 
to  the  place  of  hanging  by  a  great  procession  and  band,  Selden 
Haines  lieing  in  couunand  of  the  soldiers.  People  who  had  chil- 
dren away  at  scIkkiI  brought  them  home  to  witness  the  execution. 
We  now  wonder  liow  these  parents  reasoned,  but  one  of  the 
young  men  who  Avas  thus  brought  many  miles  remembers  that 
his  father  said  he  might  never  have  another  chance  to  see  an- 
other hanging,  and  he  was  right.  The  children  of  the  sixties 
were  not  like  those  of  the  thirties,  for  the  former  always  shivered 
as  they  jiasscd  the  corner  of  South  and  Chestnut  streets  on  the 
wav  to  ccnictcix-,  and  dare  not  look  towards  the  tree  from  which 


HISTOIJY   OF  Tltl'MBULL  COUA'TY  193 

Gardner  is  .supposed  to  have  s\yiing'.  Whether  the  tree  was  still 
standing  at  that  time  is  not  certain.  Possibly  ohildren  are  like 
men  and  horses,  less  afraid  where  many  people  are  congregated. 
Sheriff  Mygatt  said  that  he  did  not  believe  he  was  going 
to  be  able  to  discharge  his  duty  in  the  case  of  Gardner,  but  that 
he  did  work  himself  up  to  the  point.  He  took  the  i)risoner  in 
his  own  carriage,  led  by  AA'arren's  first  band,  Avhicli  jilayed  a 
dirge.  The  military  organization  formed  a  hollow  square  around 
the  scaffold.  Elder  Mack,  a  Methodist  minister,  walked  with 
Mr.  Mygatt  and  the  prisoner  to  the  scaffold.  A  hymn  was  sung, 
in  which  the  jirisoner  joined,  and  he  was  then  swung  to  a  great 
overhanaing  limb  where  he  breathed  his  last. 


CflAPTER  XVII. 

Indians  as  Wakriors. — State  Militia. — Soldiers  of  1812. — Sol- 
diers OF  18(31. — Wakren  Benevolent  Society. 

One  of  the  hardest  enemies  any  country  has  ever  had  was 
the  Indian.  He  was  treacherous,  making  contracts  which  he 
never  thought  to  keep,  and  as  tlie  white  man  continued  to  despoil 
his  hunting  ground,  he  added  liatred  to  his  treachery.  He  did 
not  come  into  the  open,  but  credit  upon  the  camp  quietly  at  night 
and  massacred  the  sleejiers.  He  shot  from  behind  trees  and 
bushes,  on  traveler  and  farmer.  Because  of  his  life  in  the  open 
air  he  was  strong,  and  he  always  carried  his  arms  with  him  in 
his  ordinary  occupation.  He  knew  how  to  get  food  from  the 
forests  with  little  trouble,  and  how  to  protect  himself  against 
cold  and  rain.  The  early  settler  of  old  Trumbull  County  soon 
learned  to  follow  the  red  man's  ways.  He  carried  his  gun  to 
mill  and  to  meeting,  and,  no  matter  how  much  the  Indian  might 
pretend  friendship,  he  understood  his  nature,  and  dealt  accord- 
ingly. 

Before  Ohio  was  a  state,  militia  organizations  were  estab- 
lished, but  the  time  between  the  coming  of  the  first  pioneer  and 
the  organization  of  Ohio  as  a  state  was  so  short  that  there  was 
no  general  militia  organization  in  old  Trumbull  County.  The 
Ohio  constitution  divided  the  state  into  four  militaiy  districts, 
and  specific  laws  were  passed  in  regard  to  them.  Elijah  J. 
Wadsworth  of  Canfield  was  elected  major  general  of  the  fourth 
division,  and  Trumbull  County  was  included  in  that.  General 
Wadsworth  issued  his  first  division  orders  in  April,  1804.  In 
this  order  he  divided  the  fourth  division  of  militia  into  five  regi- 
ments. The  First  Brigade,  including  Trumbull  County,  was 
divided  into  two  regiments.  Benjamin  Tappan  and  Jonathan 
Sloan  were  appointed  aides-de-camp  to  General  Wadsworth.  At 
the  military  election  of  1804  the  list  of  officers  which  the  1st  and 
2nd  Regiments  elected  included  some  names  familiar  to  the 
people  of  Trumltull  County.  Among  these  are  Captain  Nathaniel 

194 


HISTORY  OF  THUMBULL  COUNTS'  195 

King,  Lorenzo  Carter,  Setli  Harrington,  Zoplier  Case,  Homer 
Hine,  Eli  Baldwin,  John  Strnthers,  (xeorge  Tod,  Samuel  T.ylee, 
William  Bnshnell,  James  Heaton.  John  P^walt  and  John  Camp- 
bell. 

The  New  England  peoi)le  who,  early  in  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, had  gone  to  Canada  to  take  advantage  of  the  homestead 
law,  as  they  saw  a  war  with  England  approaching,  eame  into  the 
northern  ])ortion  of  Ohio,  and  their  numbers  increased  each  year 
until  1812.  For  that  reason  tlie  fourth  division  was  divided  into 
four  brigades.  The  connnanders  were  Gens.  Miller,  Beall.  Miller 
and  Paine.  The  Third  brigade,  which  the  readers  of  this  history 
will  be  most  interested  in,  was  commanded  by  (leueral  Simon 
Perkins.  He  was  an  efficient,  brave  officer.  This  Third  Brigade, 
under  General  Perkins,  consisted  of  three  regiments,  of  which 
Wm.  Raven,  J.  S.  Edwards  and  Richard  Hayes  were  lieutenant 
colonels.  When  Congress  increased  the  United  States  army  in 
1812  George  Tod  was  appointed  major  of  the  Seventeenth  United 
States  Regiment.  Governor  Tod  seemed  to  be  a  very  versatile 
man.  He  was  a  scholar,  a  law  maker,  a  .iudge,  and  a  soldier, 
always  holding  high  rank. 

General  Perkins  issued  an  order  in  April,  1812,  to  his  lieu- 
tenant colonels,  telling  them  to  secure,  by  enlistment,  twenty- 
three  men  to  serve  in  the  United  States  army  as  a  detachment 
from  the  militia  of  the  state.  "If  they  cannot  be  secured  by 
enlistment,  thirteen  are  to  be  secured  by  draft." 

In  reading  the  history  of  the  war  of  1812  it  is  strange  to  see 
how  the  delays  and  the  jealousies  and  the  intrigues  and  the  pol- 
itics entered  in  exactly  as  they  entered  in  at  the  time  of  the  war 
of  1861,  and  as  they  will  always  enter  in  till  men  learn  that  the 
greatest  thing  in  the  world  is  love  for  one's  fellow  man. 

The  first  men  in  Trumbull  County  who  saw  the  necessity'  of 
armed  forces  drilled,  and  after  the  militia  was  formed  they  had 
regular  appointed  "training."  These  days  of  training  were 
often  made  sort  of  holidays,  and  the  whole  comnmnity  gathered 
in  some  spot  to  see  their  men,  sometimes  in  uniform  colored  by 
liomo  dyes  and  made  by  women  of  the  family,  go  through  the 
manoeuvre  of  arms.  Some  years  later  the  sons  of  wealthy  men 
of  Ohio  had  select  companies  with  real  uniforms,  brass  buttons, 
and  like  things,  which  stirred  the  envy  of  homespun  soldiers. 

The  tirst  company  in  the  war  of  1812,  organized  under  the 
government  through  Gen.  Simon  Perkins,  had  for  ca])tain  John 
W^.  Seely;  ensign,  James  Kerr. 


196  lUSTOltV  OF  Tin'-MIULI.  COUNTY 

Historians  tell  ns  that  President  Madison,  altliough  a  states- 
man, was  not  a  war  president,  and  his  secretary  of  war  was  no 
l)etter.  We  are  inclined  to  believe  this  the  truth  in  regard  to 
the  latter,  since  lie  trusted  a  war  message  to  the  mails  of  that 
time,  instead  of  sending  it  by  messenger.  The  consequence  was 
that  the  British  on  the  southern  shore  of  Canada  knew  the  dec- 
laration of  wai'  three  days  before  General  Hull  had  lieen  notified. 
History  also  tells  us  that  Hull  did  not  advance  on  Maiden,  as 
he  was  supposed  to  do.  and  as  it  is  believed  he  ought  to  have 
done,  at  the  time  when  his  men  were  ambitious  and  anxious  to 
tight.  Historians  are  not  at  all  reticent  in  regard  to  him,  but 
say  that  he  was  not  a  traitor  nor  a  coward,  but  "an  iml)ecile 
caused  by  drunkenness."  Anyway,  be  surrendered  at  a  time 
when  be  need  not  have  surrendered,  gave  to  the  Britisli  the 
stores,  the  whole  of  Michigan,  and  left  the  western  frontier  of 
northern  Ohio  the  prey  to  the  blood-thirsty  Indians  and  their 
allies.  He  himself  was  captured,  but  exchanged  for  thirty  Brit- 
ish prisoners.  He- was  court-martialed  and  sentenced  to  be  shot 
for  cowardice,  but  was  pardoned  by  President  Madison.  The 
terror  which  spread  over  old  Trumbull  County,  at  the  news  of 
this  defeat,  can  be  imagined.  However,  it  did  not  take  long  for 
the  hard-headed  (leneral  AVadsworth  to  act.  He  waited  for  no 
orders,  but  issued  a  connnand  for  men  to  rendezvous  at  Cleve- 
hui<l.  Colonel  Whittlesey  says,  "The  orders  were  received  in 
the  Third  and  Fourth  Brigades  like  the  call  of  the  Scottish 
chiefs  to  the  highlands."  As  soon  as  the  Trump  of  Fame  liad 
confirmed  the  surrender  of  Hull,  the  men  of  Trumbull  County 
who  were  physically  able  shouldered  their  guns  ready  to  tight. 
They  did  not  wait  for  any  distinct  orders.  Exaggerated  stories 
came  from  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga  by  messenger.  Women 
and  children  who  had  been  in  Cleveland  and  that  vicinity,  fright- 
ened to  death,  came  hurrying  into  Trumbull  County  for  safety, 
and  bore  witness  to  the  truth.  It  happened  to  be  Sunday  when 
the  messengers  bearing  the  sad  news  reached  Warren.  Meetings 
which  were  in  session  dispersed,  guns  were  cleaned,  knives  were 
shar])ened,  and  like  ])reparations  were  made.  Colonel  Hayes' 
regiment  nmstered  at  Kinsman's  store.  This  included  men  from 
the  east  side  of  Trumbull  County,  and  before  August  26th  the 
other  regiments,  under  Colonel  Eayen  and  Colonel  Edwards, 
were  on  their  way.  In  fact,  so  many  men  ruslied  to  the  defence 
(if  their  country  that  General  AVadswortli  sent  part  of  them  back, 


TiisToiiY  OF  'i'i;r:\rRT'LL  cofxty  Fir 

to  their  dLsgust.  He  said  tlic>  wi'i-e  needed  to  judlect  the  iKtuu! 
property  and  home  i)eopU'.  (leneral  Perkins  was  given  connnand 
of  the  army  at  the  front,  antl  reaehed  Camj)  Ilnron  on  Sei)teni- 
ber  (ith.  It  is  possible  that  the  newly  ui'ganized  tioops  were  in 
their  places  ready  to  defend  before  anything  was  known  dt  cmii- 
ditions  at  the  war  department  in  Washington.  These  tr(((>))s 
were  in  the  neighboi'hood  of  the  malarions  cnnnti)  ,  and  suffered 
tei'ril)ly  from  sickness.  If  tlie  enemy  had  attacked  tlieiii  a(  that 
time  they  would  have  l)een  easily  dvercome. 

On  the  28th  of  September  volunteers  were  caHed  Inr  to  go 
again.st  the  Indians,  who  Avere  making  tliemselves  obnoxidus  in 
the  neiglilioi-hood,  and  on  the  next  day  an  engagement  took  place 
in  which  six  men  were  killed,  ten  were  wounded.  Among  tlie 
latter  was  Joseph  McMahon,  of  Salt  Springs  fame,  lie  escape(l 
deatli  at  that  time,  but  was  killed  on  the  way  lunne. 

A  good  many  soldiers  li-om  Trumbull  County  were  in  the 
ranks  when  Harrison  won  his  splendid  victory  in  the  fall  of  ISi:;. 

The  men  who  lent  their  aid  in  establishing  the  civil  govern- 
ment of  old  Trumbull  County  were  the  men  who  defended  the 
frontier  and  helped  to  carry  to  successful  termination  the  war. 
Among  these  was  Elijah  W'adswoith,  who  suffered  greatly  from 
personal  debt,  which  he  contracted  for  the  government  in  raising 
the  troo])s.  This  is  a  shameful  statement  for  anyone  to  have  to 
record,  (ieneral  Perkins,  .Indge  Tod,  Calvin  Pease,  whose  his- 
tory we  have  read,  gave  their  s]ilendid  talents  to  the  govern- 
ment service.  Eev.  Josejth  Badger  was  postmaster,  chaplain 
and  nurse.  He  manufactuied  one  of  the  old  time  hand-grinding 
mills  and.  fiom  the  meal  he  made,  prepared  mush  which  tilled 
the  stomachs  of  the  half-sick  soldiers.  Tie  was  ver\-  popular 
anu)ng  his  men  for  like  actions. 

Although  the  war  of  ^y^^2  maimed  and  killed  many.  <le- 
stroyed  families  and  wiought  gi-eat  hardshijis,  it  brought  the 
])et)])le  of  Trumbull  Ciuudy  to  the  idea  that  there  must  be  general 
military  organizations  and  tiiat  each  man  must  be  willing  to  do 
liis  duty  as  a  soldier.  Fi-om  that  time  on  the  militia  was  more 
])o])ular,  trainings  wei'c  had  often,  and  ammunition  was  always 
ovl  hand. 

It  would  be  useless  to  attem]it  to  give  the  causes  of  the  war 
of  18(>1,  oi-  anything  more  than  a  nu^ntion  of  the  part  which 
Trumbull  County  peoi)le  took  in  it.  The  tirst  men  to  go  liom 
Trumbull  County  reported  at  Cleveland  in  the  s})ring  of  ISIil 
in  answer  to  Lincoln's  call  for  troojjs.     These  men  were  largely 


198  iiisi'oKY  OF  'ri!r:\ir5rLL  county 

mert'liaiits  and  |)r()tVssioiial  uien  I'roin  the  towns.  There  were 
few  fanners.  Tlie  company  from  Trinniiull  County  was  known 
as  "Company  Jl."  Its  ('ai)tain  was  Joel  F.  Asper,  the  first  lieu- 
tenant was  George  L.  Wood.  (His  daughter,  Grace  Wood 
Sclnnidt,  now  resides  in  Warren. )  .\.fter  the  promotion  of  Wood 
to  captain,  Asper  having  been  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel, 
Holbert  C.  Case  became  first  lieutenant,  and  James  P.  Brisbane 
second  lieuteiumt.  Among  the  non-commissioned  officers  who 
were  mustered  out  at  the  time  the  company  was  were  First  Ser- 
geant Joseph  Pollock,  Sergeant  John  L.  Davis,  Sergeant  John  A. 
Chafl'ee,  Sergeant  John  Pollock;  Corporals  Henry  H.  Pierce, 
David  L.  Ilerst,  Samuel  L.  Vance;  Privates  Steven  Buri'ows, 
Eeuben  AV.  liowei-,  Setli  J.  Coon,  William  Hunter,  William  A. 
Leavens,  Jacol)  H.  Mohler,  Eurastus  C.  Palmer,  George  W. 
Parker,  Samuel  S.  Pelton,  Hiram  Shaffer,  William  H.  Tracey, 
Alfred  Webster,  Benjamin  Wilson,  Adison  White,  Henry  A. 
Weir,  (^f  the  non-connnissioned  officers  who  were  wounded, 
Sergeant  Ellis  Fox,  Corporals  Charles  Glendening,  Joseph  Kin- 
caid.  l)a\id  Wintersteen,  and  Wagoner  James  Moser  were  re- 
lented. I^k'ven  of  this  comi)any  were  killed  in  Imttle,  ten  died, 
si.K  are  not  reported,  forty-five  were  discharged  before  the  ex- 
]tiration  of  service,  and  two  were  transferred. 

Coin])any  H  belonged  to  the  7th  Ohio  Eegiment,  Volunteer 
Infantry.  Tlicx  gathered  at  Camp  Taylor,  marched  into  Cleve- 
land in  citi/ciis'  clothes,  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  Camp  Den- 
nison.  a  hdi  rid  )ilace,  awaited  them.  It  was  so  early  in  the  war 
thai  i)i()iier  ])re})arations  had  not  been  made,  and  they  suffered 
greatly  fi'oin  cold.  Joel  B.  Tyler,  of  Ravenna,  Ohio,  was  elected 
colonel,  William  Creighton,  lieutenant  colonel,  and  John  S.  Case- 
ment, major.  General  Casement  was  a  ])opular,  brave  young 
officer,  and  is  still  living.  He  has  l)een  a  pros]ierous  man.  is  now 
as  then  optimistic  and  generous.  This  regiment  went  to  West 
Virginia,  camping  at  Clarksburg.  They  were  ordered  to  march 
to  Weston  to  procure  $()5,f)0()  in  gold  which  had  been  left  in  the 
bank  there.  They  then  proceeded  to  Glenville,  to  reinforce  the 
17tli  Ohio.  They  were  then  ordered  to  establish  communications 
with  General  Cox.  A  little  later  they  had  a  conflict  with  General 
Floyd's  forces,  in  which  120  men,  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners, 
wei'c  left  u]ion  the  field.  Part  of  the  regiment  went  to  Gauley, 
and  while  there  received  a  stand  of  arms  from  jieople  of  the 
Western  Reserve.  General  Dyer  assumed  command  in  October, 
1^61,  and  the  regiment  started  in  pursuit  of  General  Floyd.    It 


HLSTOliY  OF  TKUilBULL  COUNTY  199 

soon  was  at  the  very  front.  During  that  winter  tlie  soldiers  suf- 
fered greatly  from  cold,  and  General  Lander,  having  died,  was 
succeeded  by  General  Shields.  The  first  real  battle  which  the 
7th  participated  in  was  that  of  "Winchester.  In  this  battle,  four- 
teen were  killed,  51  wounded,  and  several  taken  prisoners. 
After  this  l^attle  the  7th  was  ordered  to  Fredericksburg.  This 
was  132  miles  off,  and  was  a  nine-day  march.  In  the  battle  of 
Shenandoah  the  5tli  and  7th  Regiments  fought  under  the  cover 
of  standing  wheat,  3,000  men  against  14,000.  When  they  finally 
had  to  retreat  the  7th  Kegiment  was  in  the  rear  guard,  and  it 
never  broke  line,  but  even  sometimes  halted  to  fire  on  the  enemy. 
They  went  to  join  McClellan,  and  came  under  the  command  of 
General  Banks.  The  7th  was  present  at  the  Battle  of  Antietam, 
but  was  held  back  as  a  reserve  force,  and  did  not  have  to  fight 
much.  In  1862  the  ranks  of  this  regiment,  which  originally  had 
a  thousand  men,  were  reduced  to  less  than  three  hundred.  Two 
hundred  men  were  added  to  their  number,  and  they  went  into 
winter  ciuarters,  where  they  stayed  until  April,  1863,  about  two 
years  from  the  time  they  had  reported  at  Cleveland.  The  7th 
JRegiment  was  in  the  hottest  jtart  of  the  dreadful  fight  of  Chan- 
cellorsville.  They  held  their  position,  fighting  until  ordered  to 
retreat,  and  finally,  when  the  federal  forces  withdrew,  the  7th 
and  two  other  regiments  lirought  up  the  rear.  When  one  meets, 
in  business,  men  who  engaged  in  all  the  battles  of  the  7th,  one 
cannot  help  but  wonder  how  they  ever  survived  such  a  terrible 
ordeal.  At  Chancellorsville  this  regiment  lost  14  killed  and  70 
wounded.  On  June  1st,  after  hard  marching,  they  were  at  Gettys- 
l)urg.  In  this  fight,  one  of  the  most  terrible  of  the  Civil  war,  they 
were  hurried  from  point  to  point,  but  because  of  the  constant 
change  of  position  they  lost  only  one  man  and  17  wounded.  From 
Gettysburg  they  went  to  New  York  to  quell  the  riots,  and  in 
August  went  into  camp  on  Governor's  Island.  In  September 
they  were  ordered  to  the  western  department,  and  Avere  under 
General  Hooker.  They  went  into  winter  quarters  in  Alabama. 
Here  they  expected  to  have  a  little  wannth  and  rest,  Imt  soon 
had  to  leave  these  good  quarters  for  Lookout  Mountain.  If  they 
could  not  have  the  comfort  of  camp,  they  at  least  had  the  joy  of 
seeing  the  Union  flag  planted  on  this  mountain.  However,  this 
was  little  satisfaction,  because  very  soon  they  were  engaged  in 
the  fight  of  Missionary  Ridge,  where  Colonel  Creighton,  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Crane  fell,  and  where  the  slaughter  was  terrible. 
The  7th  lost  19  killed  and  61  wounded.    They  returned  to  Bridge- 


200  HISTORY  OF  Tltr.MlULL  COUNTY 

port,  and  in  .May  orouri'ed  the  l)attlt'  of  Kooky  Face  liidge.  This 
hattle  was  a  victorious  one,  witli  shght  loss.  Allien  the  three 
years  were  up,  many  of  the  soldiers  of  the  7th  did  not  want  to 
re-enlist,  although  some  did.  Those  who  did  were  put  in  with 
the  5th,  and  marched  with  Sherman  through  Georgia.  The  regi- 
ment was  mustered  out  on  July  8,  1864,  and  had  served  more 
than  three  years,  during  which  time  1,80U  men  had  served  with 
it.  It  was  in  more  than  tw-enty  hattles,  "and  only  two  hundred 
and  forty  men  remained  to  bring  home  the  colors,  riddled  by 
shot  and  shell.  It  had  served  east  and  west,  was  always  in  the 
van,  and  participated  in  the  hottest  battles  of  the  war." 

The  19th  Regiment  had  three  companies,  B,  C  and  G,  which 
were  composed  largely  of  men  from  Trumbull  and  Mahoning 
counties.  This  regiment  reached  Cleveland  soon  after  the  7th 
had  left.  They  went  into  camp  at  Columbus.  Samuel  Beatty 
was  colonel.  Company  B  was  among  those  which  were  sent  to 
Camp  Goddard  for  drill.  The  8th  and  10th  .ioined  this  19th  and 
made  a  brigade  over  which  (xen.  William  S.  Rosecrans  was 
placed.  This  brigade  w'as  to  do  service  in  West  Virginia,  and 
it  did  its  duty  well.  In  the  fall  of  this  year  there  was  reorganiza- 
tion of  this  regiment.  Among  the  men  well  remembered  in 
Trumbull  County  belonging  to  this  regiment  were  Captain  James 
M.  Nash  of  Caniield,  Lieutenant  Henry  M.  Fusselmau,  Second 
Lieutenants  O.  P.  Shaffer,  Henry  D.  Stratton.  Oscar  O.  Miller. 
Job  D.  Bell,  First  Lieutenants  Homer  C.  Reid,  Asael  Adams. 
Sergeant  M.  O.  Messer,  Captain  Franklin  E.  Stowe,  First  Lieu- 
tenant George  M.  Hull,  Second  Lieutenant  Jason  Hurd. 

The  20tli  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  came  into  existence  after 
the  call  for  volunteers  in  May,  1861.  Charles  Whittlesey,  a 
graduate  of  W'est  Point,  was  made  colonel.  Manning  F.  Force 
was  lieutenant-colonel.  This  regiment  was  under  heavy  fire  be- 
fore Fort  Donelson,  and  after  the  surrender  of  the  fort  was  sent 
north  in  care  of  the  prisoners,  and  was  scattered.  By  the  middle 
of  March  seven  companies  were  called  in,  gathered  on  the  Ten- 
nessee. In  A}n-il  these  men  were  fighting  at  Pittsburg  Landing, 
where  they  met  considerable  loss.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Force  was 
in  command.  After  the  fall  of  Corinth  the  regiment  was  trans- 
ferred to  Bolivar,  and  in  August  it,  with  two  other  regiments, 
repulsed  General  Armstrong  Avith  thirteen.  Two  companies,  C 
and  K,  were  captured.  Because  of  the  gallantry  of  the  men  at 
this  time  several  officers  were  promoted.  In  the  early  winter 
of   '62  the  20tli  was  assigned  to  duty  under  General  Logan's 


JIISTOKY   OF  'riilMIU   LI,  ('orXI'V  -.'(U 

division.  It  went  to  Alempliis,  and  then  tn  Clinton,  .larkson. 
Champion  Hills.  At  the  latter  place  it  was  in  an  advance  posi- 
tion, but  lield  its  i)lace  in  the  veginieiit  until  the  anunuuition 
gave  out.  It  wa.s  just  about  to  charge  in  de.spei-ation  when  the 
65th  Ohio  relieved  it.  This  regiment  took  an  honoialile  place  in 
the  Vicksburg  canijiaign,  and  more  than  two  tliii'ds  of  its  men 
re-enlisted  in  18()4.  In  March  they  were  allowcil  xctcran's  fur- 
lough, and  were  in  camp  at  Deunison  May  1st.  'i'licy  were  trans- 
ferred to  Clifton,  Tennessee,  and  were  in  the  battle  of  Kenesaw 
Mountain.  Later,  they  fought  at  Atlanta,  and  marclied  to  the 
sea.  They  had  some  skirmishing  aftei-  that,  but  their  liard  days 
were  over,  and  tlicir  joy  knew  no  Ixumds  when  they  learned  that 
Johnston  was  to  surrender,  'i'liey  particijiated  in  the  grand 
review  at  AVashingloii.  and  were  muster<Ml  out  at  ( 'oiumbus  (ui 
June  12th. 

The  23rd  Regiment  of  Ohio  \'oluiitcei-s,  although  recruited 
]ai-gel.y  in  Mahoning  County,  had  nuuiy  members  well  known  in 
Trumbull  County.  It  was  organized  at  Camj)  Chase  in  1861.  W. 
S.  Rosecrans  was  colonel.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  was  major,  and 
later  became  brigadier-general.  This  regiment  fought  at  South 
Mountain,  Antietam,  Berr^-A-ille,  North  Mountain  and  Cedar 
Creek.  It  was  mustered  out  at  Cumberland  in  hSIi,").  Among  the 
men  known  by  Trumbull  County  people  were  William  McKinley, 
Jr.,  who  Avas  second  lieutenant,  \)v.  .John  McCurdy,  of  ^'oungs- 
town.  surgeon,  ()scar  Bosley.  who  lixcd  manv  vears  in  Warren, 
Charles  W.  McNabb.  dared 'j).  Porter. 

The  24th  Ohio  \'olunteer  Infantry,  which  was  organized 
uuder  Lincoln's  call  for  troo])s,  had  a  company  (F)  of  Trumbull 
County  men.  Its  first  encounter  was  near  Cheat  Mountain,  Mr- 
ginia.  A  little  later  it  was  transferred  from  the  east  to  the  west 
division,  and  in  April,  1862,  was  at  Pittsburg  Landing.  It 
marclied  through  the  deei)  swamps  to  Saxannah,  and  rea<-lied  the 
battle  on  the  second  day.  All)ert  S.  Hall,  a  member  of  C'ompany 
F,  was  severely  woimded  here.  The  regiment  ])articipated  in 
several  skirmishes  from  Pittsburg  Landing  to  Corinth.  In 
December,  1862,  this  regiment  had  only  three  hundred  men. 
These  men,  however,  wei*  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River  and  held 
an  important  post.  Lieutenant  Charles  Harmon,  of  Wari'en. 
was  killed  on  the  first  day  of  this  fight.  Among  those  who  are 
well  remembered  by  Trumbull  County  ]ieo])le  were  Lieutenant 
Harmon,  John  "W.  Brooks,  Albert  S.  Hall,  Captain  \\'arrington 
S.  Weston,  First  Lieutenant  Emerson  Mciriti,  Sergeant  .lolin  .L 


20:2  JllSTOKY  OF  TIJUMBULL  COUNTY 

Zinsser,  Corporal  Aaron  Robbins  aud  Leonard  Blessing,  Wallack 
A\'.  Drake.  Amzi  C.  Williams,  Kicliard  Elliott,  William  R.  Spear, 
John  Q.  AVilson. 

One-half  of  the  men  belonging  to  the  105th  Regiment  came 
from  Trumbull  and  Mahoning  counties.  It  did  valiant  service 
in  Kentucky;  it  marched  from  Covington  to  Louisville,  and  it 
was  attached  to  tlie  divisions  commanded  by  Brigadier-General 
Jackson.  The  tirst  battle  was  fought  at  Perrysburg.  The  regi- 
ment was  in  ]\[urfreesboro  in  March,  and  about  fourteen  miles 
from  that  place  gave  John  Morgan  a  drubbing.  This  regiment 
\<'as  in  Chattanooga  in  September,  took  part  in  the  maneuvering 
and  participated  in  the  battle  of  ^Missionary  Ridge.  It  was  in 
the  Atlanta  campaign,  but  was  not  in  the  heaviest  of  the  fight, 
and  was  in  the  review  of  Generals  Sherman  and  Schofield  at 
Goldsboro.  "The  sight  was  imposing.  Full  twenty-five  per  cent 
of  the  men  were  bai'efooted.  They  were  ragged  and  dirty.  Manj' 
in  citizens'  dress  and  many  in  rebel  uniform."  They  had  a  long 
march  back  into  Virginia,  sometimes  covering  thirty-five  miles  a 
day,  and  after  the  grand  review  in  Washington,  May  24,  1865, 
they  were  mustered  out.  Among  the  persons  belonging  to  this 
regiment,  well  known  in  Trumbull  County,  were:  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  George  T.  Perkins,  Dr.  Charles  X.  Fowler,  Marshall  W. 
Wright  (quartermaster).  Adjutant  Ambrose  Robbins,  Lester  D. 
Tayler,  Sergeant-Major,  and  John  McHard,  Porter  Watson, 
AVilliam  Doty,  Daniel  B.  Stambaugh,  Peter  Hiinrod,  Robert  C. 
Porter,  John  E.  Stambaugh,  Fred  Harrington,  Hugh  Lowrey, 
John  A.  Ewalt,  James  A.  Crawford,  Norval  B.  Cobb,  Calvin  L. 
Rawdon,  Thomas  Quigley,  Chauncey  M.  Hunt,  Captain  William 
AVal'ace,  Charles  A.  Brigden,  Lucius  Perkins.  Calvin  Rawdon 
was  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  entered  the  City  of  Mexico  with 
Scott.    He  outlived  all  Mexican  soldiers  from  Trumbull  County. 

The  125th  Regiment  was  the  regiment  known  as  Opdyke 
Tigers.  It  was  organized  at  Camp  Cleveland  in  1862.  It  ar- 
rived in  Kentucky  early  in  January.  Cn  the  1st  of  February  it 
started  for  Nashville,  Tennessee,  being  eight  days  on  the  way. 
It  was  in  advance  of  the  march,  had  a  number  of  small  fights,  and 
was  ordered  to  rejiort  to  Murfreesboro  in  June.  This  was  a  ter- 
rible march.  It  was  in  the  hottest  part  of  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga,  on  the  19th  and  20tli  of  Se])tember.  It  behaved  with  such 
bravery  at  that  battle  that  it  really  saved  the  day.  This  regi- 
ment was  discharged  at  Camp  Chase  in  September,  1864.  Colonel 
Emerson  ()])dyke  was  the  commanding  officer;  George  L.  Woods 


niSTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  203 

was  the  major.  Albert  Yeoioaus  was  captaiu  of  Company  B, 
and  other  Trumbull  County  men  among  the  officers  and  soldiers 
were  Eigiey  C.  Powers,  captain,  First  Lieutenant  Elmer  Moses, 
First  Lieutenant  Ralsey  C.  Rice.  Company  C — First  Lieutenant 
Heman  E.  Harmon.  The  remaining  soldiers  of  this  regiment 
hold  a  reunion  each  year  in  Warren,  and  usually  call  upon  Lucy 
Stevens  Opdyke,  who  was  and  is  so  interested  in  the  regiment 
because  it  was  her  husband's  pride.  Mis.  Opdyke,  although 
living  in  New  York,  is  usually  at  the  home  of  her  sisters,  the 
Misses  Stevens,  at  the  time  of  the  reunion. 

The  171st  Ohio  Volunteers,  National  (luards,  was  mustered 
into  service  in  1864.  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  (i,  II  and  I  were 
from  Trumbull  County.  The  going  away  of  this  regiment  was 
one  of  the  events  of  war  time  in  Warren.  In  the  first  place,  it 
was  late,  and  people  were  thoroughly  aroused,  and,  in  the  second 
place,  the  men  composing  these  companies  were  well  known  in 
social  and  professional  life.  Its  first  duty  was  on  Johnson's 
Island,  and  it  was  ordered  to  Kentucky  in  June,  really  in  defense 
of  Cincinnati.  ?iIorgau  was  really  foraging  for  supplies  and 
loot,  but  his  boldness  drove  fear  to  the  hearts  of  the  })eople  in 
his  vicinity.  They  proceeded  to  Cynthiana  to  reinforce  the  ]68th 
Ohio.  The>'  were  surrounded  by  the  enemy,  who  largely  out- 
numbered them,  and  after  a  hot  fight  were  captured.  The  losses 
on  l)oth  sides  were  very  heavy.  The  prisoners  taken  were  made 
to  travel  double-quick  most  of  the  way  for  forty-five  miles.  They 
were  afterwards  paroled,  returned  to  duty  on  Johnson's  Islnnd 
and  were  mustered  out  at  the  end  of  the  hundred  days.  The 
stubborn  resistance  of  this  regiment  prevented  Morgan  from 
reaching  Cincinnati.  Joel  F.  Asper  was  the  colonel,  Ilemau  E. 
Harmon  lieutenant-colonel.  Manning  A.  Flower  majoi',  F.  C. 
Applegate  surgeon.  i\]nong  the  men  well  known  in  this  county 
in  this  regiment  were:  George  Stiles,  Captain  Frank  E.  Hutch- 
ins,  Lieutenant  Fred  Kinsnu^n,  Lieutenant  Frank  J.  Mackey, 
Greoi'ge  N.  Hapgood,  William  A.  Camp,  James  H.  Smith,  Henry 
J.  Lane,  Jefferson  AYilson,  Jules  Vautrot,  George  W.  Pond,  AYill- 
iam  B.  Brown,  Kirtland  M.  Fitch,  Charles  Burton,  Amzi  Hovt. 
William  H.  Brett,  William  H.  Dana,  E.  C.  Andrews,  Phili])  Art- 
man,  E.  H.  Ensign,  Chai'les  P.  Fusselman.  Eomeo  II.  Freer, 
Wallace  Gilmer,  George  Holland,  Henry  Iddings,  (leorge  Jame- 
son, John  Kinsman.  Th.eodore  McConnell,  Henry  A.  Potter,  Ed- 
ward K.  Patch,  B.  H.  Peck,  William  Peffers,  Henry  Eickseker, 
John  Rush,  Jr.,  Ezra  V>.  Tavlor,  George  II.  Tavlcr,  George  Van- 


204  HISTOHY  OF  'ri.TMr.rLI.  lOUXTY 

Grorder,  An\zi  C.  Williamson,  Hugh  Watson,  Edward  Woodrow, 
John  Woodrow  and  Washington  Wel)l).  Captain  of  ('ompany  B 
was  Eichard  Odell  Swindle)-;  Company  C,  Joseph  M.  Jackson; 
Company  1),  Evan  jMorris;  Comi)any,  H,  Harlan  TIatcli:  Coni- 
])any  I,  Cyrns  jMason. 

The  197th  Regiment  was  organized  in  response  to  the  last 
one-year  call  by  President  Lincoln.  It  was  inade  xi\)  from  vet- 
erans of  other  regiments  mostly,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Balti- 
more in  18()5.  It  was  composed  largely  of  young  men.  The 
captain  of  Company  B  was  George  B.  Kennedy;  Henry  hidings, 
Alonzo  Brooks,  Wm.  H.  Brett,  Charles  F.  Harrington,  .losiah 
S.  Katliff,  Plumb  Sutliff,  were  among  the  soldiers. 

The  2nd  Ohio  Volunteer  Cavalry  was  recruited  l)y  Hon.  B. 
F.  Wade  and  Hon.  John  Hutchins  in  the  summer  of  1861.  It 
was  a  cavalry  regiment,  and  those  ,ioining  were  from  the  best 
families  and  highest  vocations  in  the  community.  In  the  early 
winter  it  went  to  Camp  Denison,  and  early  in  '()2  to  ^Missouri. 
It  raided  this  state  and  engaged  in  an  encounter  with  Quantrell's 
forces.  Although  this  was  a  short  encounter,  our  regiment  was 
successful.  Later  it  captured  Fort  Gibson.  It  was  under  the 
command  of  (Jeneral  Blunt  in  the  fall,  and  fought  at  Carthage, 
Newtonia.  Cow  Hill.  Wolf  Creek,  White  River,  Prairie  Grove, 
Ai-kansas.  C'aptain  V.  Kautz,  wlio  was  a  son-in-law  of  Governor 
Tod,  was  made  colonel  of  this  regiment  after  Charles  Doulileday 
had  been  ])romoted  to  brigadier-general.  Colonel  Kautz's  brigade 
pursued  John  Morgan  and  captured  him  at  Bluffington  Island. 
It  was  in  active  service,  joined  Rosecrans'  army,  and  when  the 
time  came  for  enlistment  many  men  re-enlisted.  It  became  a 
part  of  Sheridan's  cavalry,  and  assisted  in  the  capture  of 
Early's  army.  It  captured  a  large  amount  of  horses,  wagons, 
and  so  on,  and  i^articipated  in  the  grand  review  at  AVashingtou. 
It  is  estimated  that  this  regiment  marched  27,000  miles  and  par- 
ticipated in  97  engagements.  As  we  have  said,  the  colonels  were 
Charles  Doubleday,  V.  Kautz,  A.  B.  Xettleton  and  Dudley  Stew- 
art. Robert  W.  Ratlit¥  was  lieutenant-colonel,  George  L.  Pur- 
rington,  Henry  L.  Burnett  were  among  the  majors.  Gaylord  B. 
Hawkins  was  the  chaplain.  L.  D.  Bosworth  was  second  lieuten- 
ant, and  among  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  who 
were  known  in  Trumbull  County  were  Byron  M.  Peck,  Frederick 
Brice,  George  W.  Kennedy,  ( )rin  J.  Chalker. 

The  Second  Cavalry,  which  was  reciuited  by  B.  F.  Wade  and 
IIf)ii.  John  Hutchins,  was  ranked  as  the  (ith  Ohio  Cavalry.     The 


iiis'roKY  OF  'nnMBrij.  cuixtv  305 

('anip  at  wliicii  they  recruited,  near  Warren,  ^vn^i  iiained  Camp 
Ihitchiiis.  People  in  the  coimty  were  much  interested  in  this 
regiment,  and  often  went  to  see  tlieni  drill.  Xeiirly  one-third  of 
the  regiment  belonged  to  Trumbnll  County.  It  went  to  Camp 
Ciiase  and  then  into  Virginia,  joined  (Jeneral  Fremont  and  pur- 
sued Jackson  down  the  Shenandoah.  Its  first  regular  engage- 
ment was  at  Cross  Keys.  It  was  also  (>ngaged  at  some  other 
small  ])laces,  and  came  under  the  <'oumiand  of  Pope.  It  was 
fourteen  days  under  lire  at  Kapitahannock.  It  wa.s  at  the  second 
battle  of  Bull  Run.  It  was  very  active  against  Lee,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  (lettysburg.  It  did  ]iicket  duty  when  the 
army  was  in  winter  quarters,  and  it  seemed  to  be  always  in  the 
advance  guard.  It  opened  the  engagement  at  Appomatox  Court 
House,  and  it  acted  as  (ieneral  Grant's  escort  from  Appomatox 
to  Burksville  Station.  Among  the  men  well  remembered  by  the 
residents  of  Trumbull  County  Avere  Priel  H.  riutchius,  Charles 
R.  Hunt,  William  AVoodrow. 

The  12th  Cavalry  was  organized  with  Robert  \V.  Ratliff  as 
commissioned  colonel;  Frank  H.  Mason  was  adjutant;  the  chap- 
lain was  Thomas  W.  Roberts.  Thi.s  regiment  continued  the 
guard  of  the  ])risoners  on  Johnson's  Island,  and  the  last  of 
^larch.  lS(i4,  ])roceeded  to  Kentucky.  Here  it  did  service  against 
^lorgan,  Breckenridge,  etc.  The  next  year  it  was  in  Tennessee, 
and  destroyed  raih'oad  connections  and  like  work.  It  aided  in 
the  capture  of  .left'  Davis.  It  was  in  seivice  two  years.  Edward 
B.  Reeves  was  in  this  regiment,  as  was  .lohn  Crawford,  Ira 
AVilcox  and  (J.  W.  Bear. 

The  2nd  Ohio  Heavy  ^Vrtillery  was  the  nucleus  of  the  1st 
Ohio  Heavy  Artillery.  William  Rutan  was  a  non-commissioned 
officer  in  Com])any  (i,  as  was  Isaac  H.  Bennett.  Jacol)  H.  Bald- 
win and  Isaac  M.  \Voodrow  were  among  the  privates. 

The  14th  Ohio  Independent  Battery  was  organized  by  W;ide 
and  Hutcliins,  and  entered  into  service  in  8e])tember,  1861.  It 
was  captured  iji  its  first  engagement,  Pittslnirg  Lauding.  Colonel 
Jerome  B.  Burrows  sei'ved  with  it  three  years,  and  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Setli  M.  Laird.  Both  are  well  known  in  this  county. 
Among  the  officers  well  renuMubei'ed  here  were  William  Smith, 
Homer  II.  Stull,  Walter  B.  King.  Among  the  non-commissioned 
officers  were  Thomas  Douglas  and  treorge  Harsh.  William 
Rutan  was  a  ]irivate  in  this  regiment,  as  was  also  Edward  Spear, 
who  was  transferred.  Captain  J.  B.  Burrows  aud  First  Lieu- 
tenant Edwai'd  Spear,  of  the  14tli  Ohio  Independent  Battery, 


206  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

recruited  the  lotli.  It  was  attached  to  the  army  of  the  Tennessee. 
Edwtird  Spear  was  captain;  R.  C.  Darling  was  among  the  non- 
commissioned officers.  Frank  0.  Bobbins  of  Niles  was  one  of 
tlie  privates.  The  Warren  Home  Committee  consisted  of  Henry 
B.  Perkins,  Junins  Dana,  Matliew  B.  Tayler,  Charles  R.  Hunt, 
John  M.  Stull,  James  Hoyt.  Charles  S.  Field,  so  long  identified 
with  the  commercial  interests  of  Warren,  had  charge  of  the  en- 
rollment for  the  provost  marshal.  Ambrose  M.  Bobbins  of  Niles 
was  clerk  in  the  captain's  department.  Among  the  men  of  the 
early  days  who  helped  to  raise  money  for  Warren  and  who 
always  kept  the  treasury  full,  were  Charles  R.  Hunt,  James 
Hoyt,  John  M.  Stull,  Humphrey  Harsh,  Alouzo  Truesdell. 

On  the  edge  of  the  Mahoning  river,  about  where  the  Monu- 
ment stands,  the  first  schoolhouse  was  erected,  the  first  jail  was 
built,  and  here  stood  the  office  of  Mr.  H.  C.  Belden.  In  the 
'40s  a  regular  benevolent  society  was  formed  among  the  women 
of  the  town.  Mrs.  Heman  Harmon  was  the  president,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Spear  Hoyt  and  Mrs.  Betsey  Opdyke  Patch  assistants. 
There  were  then  no  hospitals  or  charitable  organizations,  and 
the  women  of  this  society  helped  care  for  the  sick,  took  care  of 
the  needy  poor,  and  sewed  for  those  who  under  sudden  misfor- 
tune or  distress  needed  help.  When  the  war  broke  out  this  asso- 
ciation turned  its  attention  to  helping  the  soldiers,  and  Mr. 
Belden  offered  his  office  as  headquarters  for  this  work.  Mrs. 
Heman  Harmon  turned  over  the  care  of  her  household  to  her 
oldest  daughter,  Maria,  afterwards  Mrs.  Delano,  and  gave  all  her 
attention  to  this  work.  She  was  president,  Mrs.  Charles  Howard 
was  the  vice-president  and  Mrs.  Florilla  Wolcott  Stull  the  secre- 
tary. Here  bandages  were  made  for  the  soldiers,  as  was  clothing 
of  all  kind,  lint  was  scraped,  fruits  of  all  kinds  canned,  and 
everything  i^ossible  done  for  the  boys  who  were  at  the  front. 
Some  women  who  could  not  attend  these  meetings  worked  at 
home,  and  no  record  was  kept  of  the  amoimt  of  work  done  or  of 
the  people  Avho  assisted  in  it.  Elizabeth  L.  Iddings,  who  pre- 
pared the  article  on  Pioneer  AVomen,  with  the  assistance  of  Mrs. 
Homer  Reid,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Baldwin,  Mrs.  B.  J.  Tayler,  Miss  Har- 
riet Stevens,  Mrs.  Mary  Perkins  Lawton  and  Mrs.  Homer  Stew- 
art, has  given  a  partial  list  of  those  who  attended  most  fre- 
quently. It  is  as  follows:  Mrs.  E.  B.  Taylor,  Mrs.  George  N. 
Hapgood,  Mrs.  Frederick  Kinsman,  Mrs.  Lewis  Hoyt,  Mrs.  Ira 
Fuller,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Belden,  Mrs.  Henry  Smith,  Mrs.  Cyrus  Van 
Gorder,  Mrs.  Charles  Harmon,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Tyler,  Mrs.  Calvin 


HISTORY  OF  THUMBULL  COUXTY 


3or 


Sutliff,  Mrs.  Ellen  Gilbert,  Mrs.  Eunice  Hawkins,  Mrs.  J.  B. 
Dunlap,  Mrs.  George  VanGorder,  Mrs.  Oliver  Patch,  Mrs.  Lewis 
Iddings,  Mrs.  Allison,  Mrs.  Bostick  Fitch,  Mrs.  George  Town- 
send,  Mrs.  Comfort  Patch,  ]\lrs.  T.  J.  McLean,  Mrs.  E.  E.  Hoyt, 
Mrs.  B.  P.  Jameson.  But  two  of  this  list  are  living  today — Mrs. 
Eunice  Hawkins  and  j\irs.  George  VanGorder. 


Roster  of  Ex-Soldiers  of  Trumbull  County. 


Name  of  Soldier.    Co.    Eeg't. 

1.  Charles  A.  Brigdeu,  L  105th  O.  V.  I.. 

2.  C.  Edward  Brigden,  B,  23d  0  .V.  I..  . 

3.  Irwin  E.  Brigden,  A  and  G,   179th 

86th  0.  V.  I 

4.  Galvin  P.  Barb,  1, 105th  O.  V.  I 

5.  David  Bower,  I,  105th  0.  V.  I 

6.  Robert  N.  Holcomb,  I,  105th  0.  V.  I.  . 

7.  Austin  H.  Belden,  E,  196th  O.  V.  I.  .  . 

8.  Orman  L.  Kibbee,  llth  0.  V.  B 

9.  Job  Reynolds,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

10.  George  Stone,  E,  6th  0.  V.  C 

11.  Henry  Combs,  K,  6th  0.  V.  C 

12.  R.  B.  Tracy,  K,  6th  0.  V.  C 

13.  Edwin  R.  Loveland,  II,  41st  0.  V.  I. .  . 

14.  Frank  S.  Rigel,  B,  6th  O.  V.  C 

15.  George  AV.  Wilcox,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

16.  Robert  A.  Wilcox,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

17.  Aliah  R.  Harshman,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C.  . 

18.  Henrv  Higlev,  G,  2d  O.  V.  C 

19.  Edward  Hirshfield,  G,  73d  Pa.  V.  C. . 

20.  ? 

21.  Caleb  French,  B,  125th  O.  V.  I..  . 

22.  Alonzo  Rich,  C,  177th  0.  V.  I..  . . 

23.  Almond  H.  Clark,  G,  86th  0.  V.  I. . 

24.  Henry  Hoffman,  G,  S6th  0.  V.  I. .  . 

25.  Chancy  W.  Bates,  A,  18th  0.  V.  I. 

26.  Auretus  White,  G,  18th  0.  V.  L.  . 

27.  Chester  Linscott,  G,  18th  0.  V.  L. 

28.  James  Sealey,  C,  84th  0.  V.  L.  . 

29.  Wallace  Tracv,  C,  84th  0.  V.  I..  . 

30.  John  Combs,  B,  23d  0.  V.  I 


Postoffice. 
.  .  Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .  Mesopotamia,  U. 
and 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .  Mesopotamia,  O. 
. .  Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .  Mesopotamia,  0. 
..Mesopotamia,  0. 
..Mesopotamia,  0. 
. .  Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .  Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 

..Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  O. 
.  .  Mesoijotamia,  0. 
.  .  Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
. .  Mesopotamia,  O. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .  Mesopotamia,  0. 


■20S 


'A5. 


HISTORY  OF  TIMMIULL  COUNTr 


S. 

y. 

10. 

11. 

12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
]7. 


9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 


Leiuv  E.  Bo.slev,  B,  41st  O.  \'.  1..  .  . 

Edwin  Difford,  19th  0.  V.  I..- 

Alvin  Williams,  D,  197tli  ().  Y.  1..  . 
Liuman  Easton,  F,  39tli  0.  Y.  L.  .  . 
Lin  0.  TTavens.  A,  ]00tli  N.  Y.  Y.  1. 

/lloonificlii. 


Josei)li  Jackson,  A,  (itii  ().  W 
Wells  Bushnell,  A,  (itli  0.  Y. 
Austin  Berry,  A,  6th  0.  Y.  ( 
George  S.  Keldon,  A,  6th  O. 
Daniel  Rex.  A,  6th  0.  Y.  C. 
Samuel  Rex,  A,  6th  O.  Y.  C. . 
William  Williams.  K.  6th  0. 
Albert  Smith,  J,  105th  ().  Y. 
Robert  Windram,  I,  105th  O. 
Thomas  Andrews,  I,  105th  O. 
George  Haine,  I,  105th  ().  Y. 
James  Edney,  D,  2d  O.  \'.  ( 
D.  W.  Waters,  H,  7th  ( ).  \\  i. 

A.  Kincaid,  25th  0.  Bat 

A.  ().  Iluutlev,  Barters,  Ind. 
J.  K.  Wing,  Major  and  Q.  M. 
John  S.  ^IrAdoo,  4tli  ind.  Ba 


('.  .  . 

v.. .  . 
V.  V. 


Y.  C 

1 

Y.  I.. 
Y.  I.. 
1 


s.  s. 


^'rl 


<hiir(]. 


.  .  Mesopotamia,  0. 
..Mesopotamia,  0. 
..Mesopotamia,  0. 
..Mesopotamia,  0. 
.  .  ^lesopotamia,  0. 


.  .Bloomtield,  O. 
.  .Bloomfield.  0. 
.  .Bloomfield,  0. 
.  .Bloomtield,  0. 
.  .Bloomfield,  0. 
.  .Bloomfield,  O. 
.  .  Bloomfield,  ( >. 
.  .  Bloomfield,  U. 
..Bloomfield,  O. 
.  .  Bloomfield,  O. 
..Bloomfield,  O. 
.  .Bloomfield,  0. 
..Bloomfield.  0. 
..Bloomfield,  0. 
..Bloomfield,  O. 
.  .  Bloomfield.  O. 
.  .Bloomfield,  U. 


and  A. 


George  C.  Allen,  I),  2d  O.  V.  C. 
H.  J.  Wolcott,   D.  2d.  ().  Y.   C. 

196th  O.  Y.  I 

Daniel  Winchel.  L,  (Jtli  ().  Y.  C. 
S.  H.  OhoiTee,  1,  6th  O.  Y.C.  ... 
A.  G.  Pelton,  E,  6th  0.  \'.  C .  .  . 
('.  E.  Stockwell,  F,  39th  O.  A\  T.. 
Alfred  T.amphen,  G,  2d  O.  H.  A 
William  Horton,  14th  O.  Bat.  . 
James  Crozier,  25th  ().  Bat.  .  .  . 
Smith  Pimev.  D,  104th  O.  Y.  T.. 
Z.  C.  Hillman.  E,  171st  O.  Y.  T.. 
Edwin  Winr-hel.  G,  177th  0.  Y.  I 
D.  E.  Lillibridge.  G,  177th  and  S6th  0.  V.  I. 


.  Greensburg.  0. 

.  Green sburg.  0. 
.Greensburg,  0. 
.  Greensburg,  0. 
.Greensburg,  O. 
.Greensburg,  O. 
.Greensburg.  0. 
.  Greensburg,  O. 
.Greensburg.  O. 
.Greensburg.  O. 
.Greensburg,  O. 
.Greensburg.  0. 
..Greensburg.  0. 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 


1'4 


J.  K.  Nims,  G,  ITTtli  and  86tli  0.  V 
8.  B.  Hedges,  A,  2d  P.  H.  A.. 
Tlieodove  Kerlin,  U.  S.  Navy. 
A\'.  S.  Downs,  Marine  Brigade 
I'hester  Tuttle,  C,  125th  6.  V 
Jason  Case,  C,  125th  O.  V.  I.  . 
Sidney  Higgins,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I.. 
QuincY  Lattin,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I.. 
Joseph  Young,  F,  198th  O.  V.  I. 

A.  A.  Eavmond,  I,  21st  Mich.  V.  : 

John  Kirkly,  Mich.  V.  I 

Aron  J.  :Merritt,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I. 
W.  E.  Lattiu,  B,  105th  0.  V 
J.  S.  Williams,  B,  105th  0.  ^ 
Lorenzo  Sjiarks,  B,  105tli  0. 
S.  R.  Sample,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C.  .  . 
K.  W.  Ch'ane,  D,  19th  0.  V.  C.  . 
T.  P.  McCoy,  E,  6th  0.  V.  C. .  .  . 

B.  A.  Jham,  B,  29th  0.  V.  I 

I.  S.  Kithridge,  B,  105th  0.  Y.  I 


I... 
.  I. .  . 
V.  I 


209 


.  .  Greensburg,  O. 
.  .Greensburg,  O. 
.  .  Greensburg,  0. 
.  .Greensburg,  O. 
.  .  Greensburg,  0. 
.  .Greensburg,  0. 
.  .Greensburg,  0. 
.  .Greensburg,  O. 
.  .Greensburg,  0. 
.  .  Greensburg,  0. 
. .  Greensburg,  0. 
.  .  Greensburg,  0. 
.  .  Greensburg,  0. 

TriumiJi,  0. 

Triumph,  0. 

Triumph,  0. 

.  .  Greensburg,  0. 
.  .Greensburg,  0. 
.  .  .  .Gustavus,  0. 
. .  Greensburg,  0. 


Kiiismnii. 


J.  AV.  Gleason,  K,  7th  Kansas Kinsman,  0. 

G.  11.  Xickersou,  G,  145th  Pa Kinsman,  0. 

A.  R.  Grover,  Staff,  12th  Mass. ;  92(1  V.  S.  C.  L.Kinsman,  O. 

Robert  Spencer,  C,  2d  Cav Kinsman,  0. 

Zahnon  Mathews,  G,  171st  ().  X.  G Kinsman,  0. 

L.  B.  Fobes,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman,  0. 

A.  Mathews,  B,  125th  0.  X.  (i Kinsman,  0. 

John  Wallace,  G,  171st  U.  X.  G Kinsman,  O. 

J^ewis  Sharp,  F,  6th  C*av I\insman,  0. 

Sam  Vernon,  G,  l-45th  Pa Ivinsman,  O. 

Ethelbert  Fobes,  G,  171st  0.  X.  G Kinsman,  0. 

Dan  Bidlake,  14th  0.  Bat Kinsman,  O. 

A.  J.  Kesler,  B,  28th  Pa Kinsman,  O. 

John  Gillis,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I Kinsman,  O. 

F.  J.  Fobes.  B,  125th  0.  V.  I Kinsman,  0. 

Lyman  Root,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I Ivinsman,  O. 

Allen  Jones,  Surgeon,  13th  0.  V.  I Kinsman,  O. 

R.  K.  Ilulse,  K,  125th  0.  V.  I Kinsman,  O. 

]\Iarcus  Christy,  K,  100th  Pa Kinsman,  0. 

Vol.  1—14 


210  IllSI'din    OF  TKl'MBULL  COrXTY 

20.  Richard   Partridge,  2ytli  O.  V.  I Kinsmau 

21.  Homer  Hnibert,^105th  0.  V.  I Kinsman 

22.  George  H.  Griswold,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

23.  J.  W.  Chase,  B,  6th  Cav Kinsman 

24.  George  W.  Birrell,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

25.  Isaac  J.  Allen,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

26.  Wilton  A.  Christy,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

27.  John  M.  Allen,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

28.  James  V.  Betts,  G,  111th  Pa Kinsman 

29.  A.  R.  Fordice,  H,  14th  Pa.  I Kinsman 

30.  A.  C.  Parker,  A,  41st  O.  V.  I Kinsman 

31.  J.  T.  Brown,  K,  67th  O.  V.  I Kinsman, 

32.  D.  F.  Allen,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

33.  D.  T.  Gillis,  G,  171st  O.  N.  G Kinsman 

34.  C.  O.  Fitch.  B,  125th  0.  V.  I 

35.  J.  W.  Betts Kinsman 

36.  Nelson  Root,  C,  2d  Cav Kinsman 

37.  W.  A.  Thomas,  G,  111th  Pa Kinsman 

38.  Absolom  Betts  Kinsman 

39.  L.  P.  Andrews,  Staff,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

40.  Stephen  Smith,  G,  171st  O.  N.  G Farmdale 

41.  William  Miller,  Trumbull  Guards Kinsman 

42.  Daniel  R.  McCoshrick,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

43.  Henry  Frazier,  171st  O.  N.  G Kinsman 

44.  H.  N.'  Tracy,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I Kinsman 

45.  Thomas  AVebber,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman 

46.  R.  J.  Morf ord,  C,  55th  Pa Kinsman 

47.  Wallace  P.  Losser,  F,  2d  0.  C Kinsman 

48.  John  Stoner,  I,  105tli  ().  V.  T Kinsman 

49.  Wiliard  Sandy,  F,  2d  ().  Cav Kinsman 

50.  I).  K.  McKinssie,  F.  2d  ().  V.  C.  and  155tli.  .  .Kinsman 

51.  Joe  ]\Iarvin,  G,  9th  Ind.   Cav Farmdale 

52.  Daniel  Burns,  (i,  171st  O.  N.  G Farmdale 

53.  F.  K.  Alayborn,  G,  15th  X.  J.  Eng Farmdale 

54.  I..  W.  Roberts,  G,  10th  0.  Cav Farmdale 

55.  Ij.  G.  Parsons,  F,  7th  Wis.  Cav Farmdale 

56.  1).  G.  Brockway,  K,  7th  Kansas  I Farmdale 

57.  H.  L.  Perkins,  'g,  171st  0.  N.  G Farmdale 

58.  Miles  Gilder,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Farmdale 

59.  Isaac  M.  Newton,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Farmdale 

(;o.  Theron  Peck,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Farmdale 

61.  Philo  Meacham,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Farmdale 


O. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
O. 
0. 
O. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
O. 

0. 

o. 

0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
C). 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 

o. 
(). 
o. 
o. 

0. 
(). 


iiis'|'(»i;y  of  Ti;i':\iBrLi.  coitnty 


211 


62.  H.  L.  Buniham,  G,  171st  ().  N.  G Kinsiimu,  (). 

63.  A.  W.  (lillis,  G,  171st  0.  N.  G Kinsman,  (). 

64.  Alonzo  H.  Porter,  G,  171st  O.  N.  G Kinsman,  (). 

65.  W.  ('.  Kiehards,  B,  12th  Pa.  I Kinsman,  (). 

6{).     .\hraham  Angles,  C,  2d  U.  H.  A Kinsman,  (). 

67.     Wayne  Sjiear,  Trnmbnll   Guards Kinsman,  (). 

6i<.  .loci   Hawley. 

Oninf/crillt'. 


1.  Henry  Brown,  i),  211tli  Pa 

2.  .lames  1).  Burnett,  F,  24tli  O.  V.  1. 

3.  John  A.  Cai-mon,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I. 

4.  Leonard  Deemington,  A,  83d  Pa.  . 

5.  Edsell  R.  Pell,  C,  2d  O.  V.  C 

6.  Gassius  M.  Fell,  B,  57th  Pa 

7.  George  W.  8nvder,  C.  84th  0.  V.  I 

8.  W.  S'.  Trimbell,  H,  145tli  Pa 

9.  Austin  Marentain,  G,  177th  ().  V.  I 

10.  If.  M.  Green,  1st  Pa.  H.  Art 

11.  .1.  W.  Hoffman,  G,  78th  Pa 

12.  A.  L.  Jones,  0,  84th  O.  V.  I 


.Or 
.  Or 
.Or 
.Or 
.Or 
.Or 
.Or 
.Or 
.  Or 
.Or 
.Or 
.Or 


angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
angev 
ansev 


ille,  0. 

ille,  O. 

ille,  O. 

ille,  0. 

ille,  O. 

ille,  O. 

ille,  O. 

ille,  O. 

ille,  0. 

ille,  0. 

ille.  O. 

ille,  O. 


(Illslllfll.'- 


1.  W    (i.  .\lgei-,  (',  2!)tli  O.  \^  I.  . 

2.  \j.  B.  Brainard,  G  2!)th  O.  V.  I. 
::.  (i.  1).  Brocket,  C,  2!»tli  O.  V.  I. 

4.  \V.  Chambers,  G,  2!ltli  O.  V.  I 

5.  .1.  Noble,  (',  2()th  O.  V.  I 

6.  X.  II.  Baily,  G,  29th  O.  V.  I  .  .  . 

7.  Albert  E.  Brainard,  Band,  29th  O.  V. 

8.  Erastus  Brainard,  Band,  29th  O.  V.  I 

9.  Buell  W.  Brainard,  Band,  29th  O.  V. 
10.  E.  R.  Brainard,  G,  125th  O.  V.  I 
n.  .1.  i.loyd,  K,  1st  IT.  E.  B 

12.  G.  Montgomery,  F,  24th  O.  V.  I 

13.  W.  SulliVant,  F,  24th  O.  V.  I .  . 

14.  L.  Petton,  6th  O.  V.  G 

15.  L.  ,].  Morey,  M,  6tli  O.  V.  G.  .  . 

16.  James  Ellis,  K,  6th  O.  V.  G.  .  .  . 

17.  T.  Church,  F.  24th  O.V.  \ 


. (rusta\ 
.  (Justav 
.  Gust  a  V 
.  (xustav 
.  Gustav 
.  Gustav 
.  Gustav 
.  Gustav 
.  Gustav 
.Gustav 
-Gustav 
.Gustav 
.Gustav 
.  Gustav 
.Gustav 
.  GvTstav 
.  Grustav 


(). 
o. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 

O. 
us.  O. 
us,  O. 
us,  O. 
us.  O. 


us. 


21-2 


IIISTOrtY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


18. 
11). 
■2(1 
•21. 


24. 
iT). 
26 
27 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 


3-t. 
35. 
3(i. 


F.  K.  Lewis,  17tli  0.  V.  I Gustavus 

(K  .lustin,  C,  125tli  0.  V.  I Gustavus 

E.  Hurch,  K,  177tli  0.  V.  I. Gustavus 

Menry  Giiler,  D,  171st  0.  N.  G Gustavus 

Ro])ert  Wallace,  D,  171st  O.  N.  G Gustavus 

John  Smith,  A,  103d  Pa.  I Gustavus 

.lames  Smith,  F,  -l-7th  Pa.  I Gustavus 

lleury  Chalk,  I,  8th  I.  L.  C Gustavus 

Peter  Lauou,  E,  13tli  Mich.  I Gustavus 

p].  Southwick,  I),  27th  Map.  I Gustavus 

.).  Loutzhiser,  G,  171st  O.  N.  G Gustavus 

—  Sajasen,  C,  83d  Pa.  I Gustavus 

.1  nmes  Brimdon,  E,  65th  0.  V.  I Gustavus 

—  Henry.  E,  lOStli  0.  V.  I Gusta^^.ls 

William  Johnson,  F,  1st  Oregon  C Gustavus 

John  Catlain,  H,  52d  III.  I Gustavus 

Jolm  G.  Bryant,  6th  O.  V.  C Gustavus 

Closes  Bryant,  87th  ().  V.  I Gustavus 

:\Fatt  RileV.  R.  ■47th  Ind.  I Gustavus 


Funiiiiu/tot. 

Weslev  ('.  Fishel,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I. 
Warren  II.  Fishel,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I 
Bockman,  John,  K,  Stli  111.  Cav.  .  .  , 
Howard  M.  Hughes,  G,  41st  0.  V.  I 
Alonzo  W.  Greer,  H,  171st  0.  V.  I. 
Svlvester  Harshmau,  B,  125th  0.  V. 
Andrew  J.  AVinters,  K,  -tlst  0.  V.  I 

8.     S.  M.  Bowers,  II,  171st  0.  V.  I.  .  .  . 

!).     Washington  Strock,  A,  17th  0.  V.  I 
1(1.     James  II.  Snow,  H,  171st  ().  V.  I.  . 

11.  Adiron  F.  Osmer,  H,  171st  O.  Y.  I. 

12.  ( )riel  C.  Osmer,  H  171st  S:  D  196th  0 

13.  Patrick  Cox,  D,  6th  O.V.C 

14.  Cyrus  S.  Thompson,  I,  I77tli  ( ).  V.  I 

15.  llenrv  M.  Kibbee,  H,  171st  O.  V.  I 

16.  ( )rlando  Bimdy,  B,  125th  O.  V.  I. 

17.  Alexander  France,  B,  8()th  ().  V.  I 
IS.     .!.().  Lattimer,  A,  29th  O.  V.  I.  .  . 

19.     Zuia  J.  Buck,  25th  Art 

2(1.     A.  T.  King,  E.  53d  Mass 


.W 
.W 


.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 

V.I. 


.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 

.w. 
.w. 


Farmington,  0. 

Farmington,  0. 

.Farmington,  0. 

Farmington,  O. 

Farmington,  0. 

Farmington.  O. 

Fannington,  0. 

Farmington,  O. 

Farming-ton,  0. 

Farmington,  O. 

.Farmington,  O. 

.  Farmington,  0. 

.Farmington,  O 

Farming-ton,  0. 

Farmington,  0. 

Farmington,  O. 

Farmington,  0. 

Farmington,  O. 

Farmington,  0. 

Farmington,  0. 


HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


213 


2L 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 


47. 

48. 


W.  J.  Haine,  I,  lOotli  U.  V.  I 

James  Caldwell,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

L.  C.  Wolcott,  D,  2d  O.  V.  e' 

Rodney  Miller,  H,  171st  O.  V.  I 

Michael  Clark,  D,  6th  O.  V.  C 

Albert  Morrison,  H,  171st  O.  V.  I.  . .  . 

Joseph  Radford,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

William  Barnes,  I,  49th  Pa 

Edwin  Oatley,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

William  Wolcott,  D,  6th  0.  V.  C 

J.  W.  Beldeu,  D,  2d  O.  V.  C 

Ariel  Chapman,  11,  171st  0.  V.  I 

Chester  Steele,  F,  171st  0.  V.  I 

John  W.  Wilcox,  H,  171st  0.  V.  I.  .  .  . 

M.  W.  Griffith,  II,  171st  0.  V.  I 

Harry  Ford,  G  177th  and  II  7th  0.  V. 

William  Lamlesson,  D  &  H,  171st  0.  V 

Chaimcv  Dalney,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

William  D.  Hickok,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C.  .  .  . 

William  Harklerode,  II,  171st  0.  V.  I 

Harmon  Osborn,  II,  171st  0.  V.  I.  .  .  . 

George  Thomas,  B,  lOStli  0.  V.  I.  .  .  . 

H.  P^  Tmuer,  A,  29th  O.  V.  I 

Edwin  D.  Lewis,  B,'  105th  0.  V.  I.  .  .  . 

Harlan  H.  Hatch,  II,  171st  0.  V.  I.  . .  . 

George  Harshman,  Battery  E,  5th  N.  Y 
H.  Art.,  transferred  to  Battery  L 
5th  U.  S.  Lt.  Art ". 

Silas  Curtis,  H,  171st  O.  V.  I 

Amiel  Kincaid,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 


Farmington 
P^armington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Famiington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Farmington 
Fanningtou 
Farmington 
Farmington 


Farmington,  0. 
Farmington,  0. 
Fannington,  0. 


b'livtol. 


1.  A.  A.  House,  A,  6th  U.  V.  C.  .  .  . 

2.  H.  H.  Pierce,  II,  7th  0.  V.  I 

3.  M.  B.  Mayhew,  D,  196th  0.  V.  I. 

4.  C.  B.  Strickland,  B,  41st  0.  V.  I. 

5.  J.  A.  Sager,  A,  6th  0.  V.  C 

6.  M.  Parringer,  B.  125th  0.  V.  I.  . 

7.  B.  II.  Mayhew,  B,  105th  0.  V.  C . 

8.  L.  Gale,  Jr.,  A,  6th  0.  V.  C 

9.  D.  E.  Cannon,  H,  171st  0.  N.  G. 


N.  Bristol,  0. 

..  ..Bristolville,  0. 

N.  Bristol,  O. 

...  .Bristolville,  O. 

N.  Bristol,  0. 

.  ..  .Bristolville,  0. 

N.  Bristol,  O. 

N.  Bristol,  0. 

N.  Bristol,  0. 


IIISTOKV   OF  TIMMI'.rM.  CorXTY 


2H 

10.  \V.  J.  Urinnell,  F,  2(ltli  U.  V. 

11.  11.  F.  Sager,  A,  (5tli  0.  V.  C.  . 

12.  J.  H.  Barton,  F,  19tli  (,).  V.  M 

13.  .].  B.  Johnstou,  D,  l2d  U.  V.  C 

14.  .1.  B.  Ramsdell,  B,  lOotli  U.  V.  I 

15.  .1.  U.  Nelsou,  C,  19tli  0.  V.  I.  . 

16.  ,J.  B.  Hedges,  C,  57th  Pa 

17.  S.  C.  Thorp.  A,  6th  ().  V.  C... 

18.  S.  S.  Chu-,  — ,  14tli  O.  Art.  .  . 

19.  J.  C.  Osborn,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I. 

20.  T.  C.  Hart,  C,  2d  O.  V.  C 

21.  ().  E.  Davidson,  E,  177th  0.  V. 

22.  Seth  Hart,  B,  105th  0.  V.  1.  .  . 

23.  C.  W.  Feutou,  B,  6th  O.  V.  C. 

24.  S.  O.  Hart,  B,  105th  0.  V.  1 .  . 

25.  Lewis  Struck,  C,  196th  0.  V.  I . 

26.  George  M.  Hull,  C,  19th  (J.  V.  I 

27.  Alonzo  Wiley,  I,  Mass.  and  63d  0. 

28.  Chauncy  Trains.  H,  171st  0.  N.  CI 

29.  A.  H.  Bright,  H,  171st  O.  N.  G.  .  . 

30.  Bradford  Gale,  Trumbull  Guards 

31.  H.  H.  Hescock,  B,  105th  ().  V.  I.  . 

32.  Frank  Osborn,  D,  196  O.  V.  I.  .  .  . 

33.  Josiah  Osborn,  ^,  64tli  O.  V.  1 .  .  . 

34.  John  G.  Kagy,  ■— ,  64th  O.  V.  1.  .  . 
.35.  J.  A.  Cummins,  D,  2d,  and  K  6th  0. 
.36.  Carlos  P.  Lyman,  Capt.,  G,  100th  U 

37.  W.  L.  Hunter,  Tawnes  Co.,  Pa.  Vol 

38.  W.  AV.  Hale,  A,  6th  0.  V.  C.  .  .  . 

39.  Daniel  Cutting,  G,  19th  O.  V.  I . 

40.  J.  J.  Sutlitt',  D,  6t]i  O.  V.  C... 

41.  C.  AV.  Huntley,  B,  6th  O.  V.  C.  . 

42.  S.  F.  Huntley,  E,  23d  ().  V.  I .  .  . 

43.  A.  .].  Shiveley 

44.  G.  Fisher.  C.  15th   Pa.  V.  C 

West  Mecc( 


V 


.  Bristolviile 
.  .N.  Bristol 
,  .N.  Bristol 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 

.X.  Bristol 
.Bristolviile 
,  .N.  Bristol 
,  .N.  Bristol 
.  .N.  Bristol 
,  .N.  Bristol 

.N.  Bristol 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 

.N.  Bristol 

.N.  Bristol 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.  Bristolviile 

.N.  Bristol 
.Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.  Bristolviile 
.Bristolviile 
.  Bristolviile 
.  Bristolviile 

Bristolviile 


\V.  S.  Hulse,  B,  105th  O.  V.  I 

W.  M.  Johnston,  D,  6tli  0.  V.  C.  .  . 
Harry  Mabannah,  D,  105th  0.  V.  I. 
J.  J.  Winans,  E,  2d  0.  V.  C 


..  ..W.  Mecca,  0. 

....W.  Mecca,  0. 

....W.  Mecca,  0. 

.  ..  .W.  Mecca.  0. 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


5.  John  Sillev,  I,  6th  0.  V.  C.  .  .  . 

6.  Alit  Hillger,  I,  6tli  0.  V.  C 

7.  .Jolm  Genger,  I,  142d  Pa 

8.  George  Henrv.  A,  41st  0.  V.  I. 
[).  T.  H.  Heury,"A,  41st  U.  V.  I.  . . 

10.  Samuel  Heury,  A,  41st  0.  V.  I. 

11.  Jolm  Edgar,  B,  76tli  Pa.  V.  . .  . 

12.  Samuel  Shaffer,  I,  6th  O.  V.  C . 

13.  Sedrick  Hulse,  Navy 

14.  Sidney  Powers,  — ,  14th  L.  Mass.  B 

15.  Reuben  Sanner,  E,  177th  Infantry 

16.  H.  C.  Reynolds,  H,  171st  Infantry 

17.  William  Taylor,  H,  171st  Infantry 

18.  George  Huntley,  E,  6th  0.  V.  C.  .". 

East  Mecca. 

John  A.  Chaffer,  H,  7th  O.  V.  I. 
James  Chafee,  I,  6th  0.  V.  C .  .  . 
Henrv  Bettiker,  G,  56th  1.  V.  I.  . 

4.  William  Quiggh,  C,  2d  0.  V.  C.  . 

5.  Norris  Meaeham,  B,  125th  O.  V. 


at 


.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W. 
.W^ 


2lo 

Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  O. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  O. 
Alecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 


.Mecca,  0. 
.Mecca,  0. 
.Mecca,  0. 
.Mecca,  0. 
.Mecca,  O. 


Jnluistoii. 


1.  .).  K.  Elder,  S,  M,  2d  0.  V.  C.  .  . 

2.  A.  W.  Bridges,  D,  177th  0.  V.  I . 

3.  R.  D.  Bebee,  B,  87th  0.  V.  I. 

4.  Merin  Johnson,  E,  18th  Wis . 

5.  J.  P.  Button,  K,  41st  0.  V.  I 

6.  John  Law.  D,  177th  O.  V.  I.  . 

7.  John  Regula,  G,  9th  U.  S.  I.  . 

8.  James  K.  Buell,  B,  87th  0.  V.  I 

9.  Ed  Baldwin,  Bat.  C,  3d  U.  S.  Art 

10.  John  M.  Bebee,  25th  0.  Battery 

11.  Francis  Cotton,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I. 

12.  James  K.  Dye,  F,  145th  Pa ...  . 

13.  John  M.  Smith,  A,  41st  0.  V.  I.  . 

14.  James  Tompkins,  K,  41st  0.  V.  I 

15.  Sam  Fenn,  B,  125th  O.  V.  I.  . . . 

16.  George  Murdock,  B,  125th  0.  V. 

17.  Thomas  Lontzenheim,  B,  125th  0 


V.  I. 


Johnstonville,  U. 
Johnstonville,  0. 
Johnstonville,  0. 
Johnstonville,  O. 
Johnstonville,  0. 
Johnstonville,  0. 
Johnstonville,  0. 
Johnstonville,  0. 
Mecca,  0. 

Johnston,  0. 

Johnston,  0. 

Johnston,  O. 

.Latimer,  (). 

.  Latimer,  O. 

Johnston,  0. 
.  .  .Farmdale,  0. 
Johnstonville,  O. 


216 


HISTOKY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 


18. 
19. 

20. 


3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 


C.  H.  Roberts,  D,  177tli  0.  V.  I Johnstonville,  0. 

Bennett  Curtiss,  I,  6tli  0.  V.  C Warren,  0. 

D.  H.  Shoft',  A,  27tli  Iowa Cortland,  0. 


Vernon. 

Henry  L.  Beach,  Baud,  29tli  0.  V.  I Burghill 

James  Beach,  C,  2d  O.  V.  C Burghill 

Alvin  Baker,  D,  103d  0.  V.  I Burghill 

Job  Biggin,  A,  6th  0.  V.  C Burghill 

Morgan  Brown,  B,  125th  O.  V.  I Burghill 

Uriah  Burns,  A,  169th  Pa Kinsman 

A.  R.  Fell,  D,  6th  0.  V.  C Burghill 

A.  L.  Fell,  0,  10th  Pa.  R Burghill 

Harry  Giddings,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I Vernon 

F.  C.  Hobart,  G,  171st  0.  V.  I Kinsman 

Oscar  Hobart,  G,  171st  0.  V.  I Kinsman 

Clinton  Hobart,  G,  171st  0.  V.  I Kinsman 

James  Hamilton,  D,  177th  0.  V.  I Latimer 

David  A.  Hall,  D,  177th  0.  V.  I Burghill 

Fayette  Havnes,  G,  171st  0.  V.  I Kinsman 

F.  H.  Knight,  B,  125th  O.  V.  I Burghill 

Frank  Moran,  E,  6th  0.  V.  C Burghill 

Monroe  Mountain,  — ,  177th  0.  V.  I Burghill 

W.  H.  Mallvin,  B,  76th  Pa Burghill 

Samuel  Mackey,  E,  27th  Iowa  V.  I Burghill 

James  Reed,  D,  24th  Mass Burghill 


Southington. 

1.  Nathan  Smith,  H,  20th  0.  V.I... . 

2.  J.  A.  Harwood,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I.. 

3.  M.  D.  Haughton,  H,  171st  0.  V.  I. . 

4.  Charley  Harshman,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I 

5.  W.  J.  Helsley,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I 

6.  Daniel  Brobts,  H,  20th  0.  V.  I 

7.  Jacob  Shaffer,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I..  .  . 

8.  H.  A.  Haughton,  H,  171st  0.  V.  I. .  . 

9.  L.  J.  Haughton,  H,  1 84th  O.  V.  I. .  . 

10.  P.  D.  Hatch,  C,  123d  0.  V.  I 

11.  Ben  Craver,  C,  2d  0.  C 

12.  H.  D.  Mercer,  D,  6th  0.  V.  C 


.  . .  Southington,  0. 
.  .  .Southington,  0. 
.  . .  Southington,  0. 
. . .  Southington,  O. 
..'.Southington,  0. 
.  .  .  Southington,  O. 
.  .  .Southington,  0. 
.  .  .Southington,  0. 
.  .  .  Southington,  O. 
.  .  .  Southington,  0. 
. . .  Soi;thington,  O. 
.  .  .Southington,  0. 


HISTORY  OF  TKOEBULL  COUNTY 


sn 


13.  Addison  White,  H,  7tli  O.Y.I Soutliiuo-ton,  0. 

14.  S.  H.  Nortou,  B,  -ilst  0.  V.  I Southington,  0. 

15.  J.  C.  Fox,  H,  7th  0.  V.  I Southington,  O. 

16.  S.  Doty,  G,  19th  0.  A'.  I Southington,  0. 

17.  Charles  Smith,  1),  125th  ( ).  X.  I ■. Soutliiugton,  ( ). 

18.  A.  H.  Silveruail,  E,  128tli  0.  ^'.  I Southington,  (). 

19.  J.  Long,  D,  125th  0.  V.  I Southington,  ( ). 

20.  Kiley    White,  H,  171st    0.  X.  G. ;    H,  7th 

0.  V.  I Southington,  O. 


Chit  III pioii. 

1.  John  :\IurphT,  C,  125th  U.  X.  I. 

2.  Hiram  Shaffer,  H,  7th  0.  V.  I. . 

3.  Morris  Osboru,  H,  7th  0.  V.  I. .  . 

4.  Joseph  Landers,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I. 

5.  Jacob  Mesmer,  I,  6th  0.  V.  C.  . 

6.  Henry  Merwin,  K,  75tli  111 

7.  0.  K.'  Anderson,  H,  171st  0.  N.  G 

8.  A.  D.  Prentice,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I. 

9.  J.  N.  Woodrow,  G,  2d  0.  H.  A. . 

10.  Thomas  Mahany,  6th  0.  V.  C.  . 

11.  James  Mahanv,  Capt.  Smith's  Ind 

12.  A.  A.  Harshm"an,  E;  5th  N.  Y.  H. 

13.  W.  L.  Pierce.  G,  2d  0.  H.  A 

14.  Daniel  Lodwick,  B,  105th  O.  V.  I 

15.  Wesly  Hale,  I,  6th  0.  C 

16.  Evans  William,  — ,  19th  0.  V.  I.  . 

17.  W.  C.  Balden,  H,  7th  0.  V.  I 

18.  Hiram  Gilbert,  K,  C.  R.  C 


Bazetta. 

Marshall  Davis,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I 
J.  E.  Fanrot,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I..  . . 
H.  W.  Jackson,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I 

4.  E.  Hadsell,  B,  105th  0.  V.  L.. 

5.  L.  Lake,  B,  105th  O.  V.  I 

6.  W.  J.  Shaffer,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I. 

7.  Asa  Crooks,  I,  6th  0.  X.  C. . . 
James  Havhusk,  I,  6th  0.  V.  C. 
William  Parks,  E,  177th  0.  V.  I 


Ar 


.Champion,  (). 
.Champion,  (). 
.Champion,  (J. 
.  Champion,  0. 
. Champion,  (). 
.Champion,  O. 
.Champion,  0. 
.Champion,  0. 
.  .  .Warren,  0. 


.Champion,  (J. 
.  Champion,  0. 
.  .  .Warren,  0. 
.  Champion,  0. 
.Champion,  0. 
.Champion,  0. 
.Champion,  0. 


.Cortland,  0. 
.Cortland,  0. 
.Cortland,  O. 
.Cortland,  0. 
.Cortland,  O. 
.  .Warren,  0. 
.Cortland,  O. 
.Cortland,  0. 
.Cortland,  O. 


■21S  11ISJ-()1;Y  of  'riMMlil  ll  lolmy 

10.  E.  L.  Ervitt,  J),  Jii-t  U.  \'.  1 Cortland,  0. 

11.  A.  Mavuard,  F,  9tli  0.  V.  1 Cortland,  O. 

12.  F.  S.  Esmond,  C.  Il25tli  N.  V Cortland,  O. 

13.  G.  W.  Weir,  H,  134tli  Pa Cortland,  0. 

14.  S.  L.  Love,  B,  136tli  Pa Warren,  0. 

15.  Benj.  Battles,  6,  19th  0.\.  1 Cortland,  O. 

16.  W.  H.  Brown,  I,  12th  Mo.  Cav Cortland,  O. 

17.  J.  H.  Sheldeu.  G,  2d  0.  H.  A Cortland,  O. 

18.  G.  F.  Pinkertou,  Trumbull  Guards Cortland,  0. 

19.  Jeuy  Freer,  Trumbull  Guards Cortland,  O. 

20.  R.  Winues-al.  Trnniliull  (Juards Cortland,  O. 

<  'iililitltd. 

1.  James  A.  Hardy,  C,  19th  U.  \'.  I Cortland,  U. 

2.  Eugene  Lattin,  B,  41st  0.  V.  1 e'ortland,  0. 

3.  Hugh  Lowry,  B,  105th  0.  V.  1 Cortland,  0. 

4.  Cassius  M.  Hadsell,  — ,  14th  0.  V.  B Cortland,  O. 

5.  Anthony  Burrows,  C,  125th  O.  V.  T Cortland,  0. 

(i.     ^V.  N.  Morev,  K,  6tli  N.  Y.  Cav Cortland,  0. 

7.  J.  P.  Lake,  F,  24th  0.  V.  T Cortland,  0. 

8.  Joseph  Bailv,  Trumbull  Guards Cortland,  0. 

9.  W.  P.  Merry,  Trumbull  Guards Cortland,  0. 

10.  A.  V.  Uutcher,  A,  41st  0.  V.  1. .  .  : C^ortland,  0. 

11.  D.  N.  Gebhart,  C,  19th  Pa.  Cav Cortland,  0. 

12.  B.  H.  Lake,  K,  41st  0.  V.  1 : Cortland,  O. 

13.  H.  D.  Holcomb,  D,  177th  (X  V.  T Cortland,  O. 

14.  F.  C.  Tracele,  — ,  25th  0.  B Cortland,  O. 

15.  A.  Williamson,  F,  24th  0.  V.  I Cortland,  0. 

16.  J.  W.  Worting,  C,  57th  111 Cortland,  0. 

17.  G.  H.  Morey,  A,  29th  0.  V.  1 Cortland,  0. 

18.  Samuel  H.  Spencer,  Surgeon,  49th  0.  V.  I. .  .  .  Cortland,  0. 

19.  G.  C.  Gilbert,  K,  13th  N.  Y Cortland,  0. 

J.  B.  Ramsdell Cortland.  O. 

Fowler. 

1.  Kilev  Hall,  I),  6th  O.  ^^  C Cortland,  0. 

2.  George  Hayes,  1^,  6th  0.  V.  C Cortland,  0. 

3.  Picton  Hayes,  I),  6th  O.  V.  C Cortland,  0. 

4.  Hiram  Hull,  G,  6th  0.  V.  C Cortland,  0. 

5.  Amos  Bowers.  B,  Lst  Bat.,  Pa Fowler,  0. 


HISTORY   OF  TRU:\IHri.l-  C'OIXT^ 


219 


10, 

n. 


\V.  \\achfiifeld,  1.  74tli  Pa Fowler,  O. 

E.  X.  I-5aklwiu,  A,  171st  0.  V.  1 Fowler,  0. 

James  Waters,  H,  171st  O.  \.  i Fowler,  O. 

H.  D.  Baldwiu,  H,  171st  U.  V.  1 Tyrrell,  0. 

Ridiard  Holetou,  C,  27tli  0.  V.  I Fowler,  ( ). 

H.  Bettiker,  G,  56t]i  J.Y.I Fowler,  ( ). 

A.  McCorkle.  A.  I'lid  A[im Cortland,  (). 


Ilaiifnnl. 


1 .  A.  P.  Kepiier,  A.  41  st  U.  V.  1 Hartford 

■1.  Edward  Pforet,  A,  41st  0.  V.  I Hartford 

:).  J.  N.  Hill,  A,  134th  Pa Hartford 

4.  B.  F.  Whirton,  E,  6tli  O.  ^\  C Burgbill 

.').  Robert  Gamble,  D,  2nd  0.  X.  C Harti'ord 

ti.  Corwiu  S])eueer,  TrmnbuU  Guards Hartford 

7.  Dwigbt  Spencer,  Trnnibnll  Gnards Hartford 

8.  M.  Jobnston,  Trmnlmll  Gnards Hartford 

'■>.  Setb  Bartbolomew,  Trumbull  Guards Hartford 

1(1.  l.  J.  Bates,  Trumbull  (Juards Hartford 

IL'.  Jacob  AVylaud,  G,  84tli  O.Y.] Hartford 

i:;.  Adam  Clark,  I,  212tli  Pa.  H.  A Hartford 

14.  John  jMessersmitb,  K,  138tb  Pa Hartford 

1.').  Truman  Borden,  — ,  125th  O.  V.  S Hartford 

l(i.  John  W.  Burnett,  C,  84tli  ( ».  A'.  I Hartford 

17.  John  Beaver,  I,  122d  O.  ^'.  I Hartford 


Bracrrill, 


1.  George W. Brown.  D.  2(1  ().  V.  (\;  F, 

o."n.  G 

2.  Lewis  B.  Holt,  I),  2d  ( ).  V.  C 

:;.  :\Iartin  V.  Oriah,  K,  6tli  0.  Y.  C. .  .  . 

4.  Erastus  E.  Oviatt,  G,  19th  G.  X.  I. 

0.  Hobart  L.  Taft,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I. .  .  . 

(i.  Hiram  H.  Smith,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G., 

7.  Newton  L.  Taft,  F,  171st  O.  N.  G.. 

8.  Weslev  Craig,  H,  20th  0.  V.  I. .  .  . 

9.  Arial  M.  North,  G,  19th  O.  X.  I. ,  .  . 

10.  Cvres  L.  North,  G,  19th  O.V.I. ;  G,  1 

11.  William  S.  North,  G,  19th  0.  V.  L. 

12.  John  Kellv,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I 


171st 

Newton  Falls,  O. 

.  .  .  .Braeeville,  O. 

.  .  .Braeeville,  0. 

,  .  .  .Braeeville,  0. 

,  .  .  .Brace\'ille,  0. 

Newton  Falls,  O. 

, .  .  .Braeeville,  0. 

.  .  .  .Braeeville,  0. 

. .  .  .Braeeville,  0. 

H.xV.Braceville,  O. 

.  .Braeeville,  O. 

.  .Braeeville,  0. 


220  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

13.  Eiley  D.  Miller,  G,  19tli  0.  V.  I Phalaux^ 

14.  Lawrestou  Lane,  G,  19tli  0.  V.  I Newton  Falls 

15.  Jason  Hurd,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I Newton  Falls 

16.  Samuel  Goodhart,  H,  20tli  0.  V.  I Leavittsburg 

17.  Lewis   Long,   B,    105th   0.   V.   L;    C,    r24th 

0.  V.  I Braceville 

18.  Riley  L.  Rood,  D,  7th  U.  S.  I Phalanx 

19.  Franklin  A.  Rood,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G Phalanx 

20.  Allian  G.  Rood,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G Phalanx, 

21.  H.  D.  Wright,  D,  5th  Mich.  C Phalanx 

22.  Joel  N.  Allen,  D,  6th  0.  V.  C Braceville 

23.  Isaac  Price,  G,  94th  O.  V.  I Braceville 

24.  George  French,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I Braceville 

25.  William  Smallsread,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G.;  G, 

19th  O.  V.  I •.  . .  .Braceville 

26.  Eli  Fulwiler,  D,  6th  0.  V.  C Braceville 

27.  John  O.  McConnell,  E,  2d  0.  V.  C Phalamx 

28.  J.  A.  Wilson,  D,  84th,  and  E,  60th  0.  V.  I ...  .  Braceville 

29.  David  Philips,  E,  41st  0.  V.  I Phalanx 

30.  John  Smith,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I Braceville 

31.  Isaac  H.  Benedict,  G,  2d  0.  H.  A Braceville 

32.  James  D.  Thompson,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C Leavittsburg 

33.  Homer  Dice,  G,  2d  0.  V.  A Phalanx 

34.  Sidnev  Hickok,  D,  6th  0.  V.  C Newton  Falls 

35.  John  L.  Wager,  E,  6th,  and  I,  2d  0.  V.  C. . .  .  Braceville 

36.  Reuben  Mahurin,  G,  26th  0.  V.  I Braceville 

37.  Franklin  B.  Smith,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I Phalanx 

38.  Henry  Everett,  I,  93d  N.  Y.  I Phalanx 

39.  Philemau  Perry,  K,  6th  0.  V.  C Phalanx 

40.  Ezra  V.  Miller,  D,  171st  0.  N.  G Leavittsburg 

Warren  ToiiusMp. 


1.  A.  W.  Huight,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I Leavittsburg,  0. 

2.  E.  J.  Warner,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I Leavittsburg,  O. 

3.  Milo  Burnett,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I Leavittsburg,  0. 

4.  S.  S.  Williams,  A,  171st  0.  N.  G Leavittsburg,  0. 

5.  Robert  Crout,  — ,  Pa Leavittsburg,  0. 

6.  Jacob  Carson,  B,  7th  0.  V.  I Leavittsburg,  0. 

7.  A.  L.  Carson,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I Leavittsburg,  O. 

8.  W.  W.  Wilson,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I.,  and  G,  2d  H.  A..Warren,  0. 

9.  George  Wilson,  Sr AVarren,  0. 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


231 


10.  Ellis  Fox,  H,  Tth  0.  V.  I AVarren,  O. 

11.  Jacob  Mover,  G,  124tli  0.  Y.  I Wavreu,  0. 

V2.  John  Kinsmau,  A,  171wt  O.  V.  1 AVarreu,  O. 

13.  George  Harsh,  14th  O.  Bat Warren,  O. 


Lonlstuun. 

L  A.  I).  Bailey,  F,  171st  (».  \M 

1^.  George  Wonders,  F,  171st  O.  \.  I. 

;].  W.  Tronp,  F,  171st  0.  V.  I 

4.  B.  F.  lintz,  F,  171st  0.  V.  1 

5.  William  Piatt,  F,  171st  0.  V.  I..  .  . 
(i.  Peter  Grim,  H,  20tli  0.  ^M 

7.  G.  Buck,  ir,  20th  O.  V.  1 

8.  Peter  Buck,  H,  20th  ( ).  A\  I 

9.  John  Lawrence,  H,  20tli  0.  ^'.  1. .  . 

10.  Ensign  Lawrence,  II,  20tli  ().  \.  I. 

11.  Solomon  Dustman,  K,  7()th  0.  \.  I 

12.  Albert  H.  McClerv,  — ,  171st  0.  V.  ] 

13.  Uriah  Carson,  D,  19th  C).  V.  I 

14.  Philip  DelaugJiter,  I,  13th  (J.  V.  I 

15.  J.  W.  McMahon,  E,  Sdth  0.  ^\  I..  . 

16.  August  Weehr,  Navy 

17.  J.  W.  Thatcher,  — ,  2(1  0.  V.  C 


Warren  Ciiii — Flrsi  Ward 


1.  P.  W.  Patliff,  Lnt.  ("ol.,  12tli  0.  T 

2.  :\I.  J.  Sloan,  G,  86tli  O.  X.l 

3.  G.  Rawdon,  B,  105th  O.  X.l 

4.  P.  L.  Webb,  G.  8Gtli  O.  \.  I 

5.  M.  Woodford,  E,  40th  Wis 

(i.  F.  J.  Mackev,  A,  171st  O.  N.  G.  . . 

7.  J.  W.  Masters,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I.  .  . 

S.  M.  ilathews,  B,  19th  O.  V.  I 

9.  Al  Webb.  A,  41st  ( ).  A\  I 

10.  IT.  A.  Canfield,  A.  (ith  ().  V.  G.  .. 

11.  11.  Merrill,  B,  171st  ().  X.  G 

12.  James  Trimlile,  I,  Gth  ().  V.  G.  .  . 

13.  David  Lewis,  F,  (3th  O.  V.  C 

14.  H.  J.  Clark,  G,  1st  O.  L.  A 

15.  W.  W.  Wallace,  I,  105th  O.  V.  I. 


Warren,  0. 

AVarren,  0. 

.  .  Lordstown,  0. 
.  .Lordstown,  O. 
.  .Lordstown,  (). 

Warren,  O. 

.  .Lordstown,  O. 
.  .Lordstown,  O. 
.  .Lordstown,  0. 
.  .Lordstown,  O. 
.  .  Lordstown,  O. 
.  .Lordstown,  O. 
.  .Lordstown,  0. 
.  .Lordstown,  0. 
.  .  Lordstown,  O. 
.  .Lordstown,  0. 
.  .Lordstown,  O. 


AVar 
War 
War 
War 
War 
War 
War 
War 
War 
War 
War 
War 
rienv 
.  .  Ak 
.  .Ak 


reii,  O. 

reu,  0. 

ren,  O. 

ren,  0. 

ren,  O. 

ren,  0. 

ren,  0. 

ren,  O. 

ren,  0. 

ren,  O. 

ren,  O. 

ren,  ( >. 

:illc.  (). 

ri.ii.  (). 

ron,  (). 


222 


lllSTOHY  OF  TUr.MHrLL  COIXTY 


16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22 
23. 
2-t. 
25. 
2(i. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
.30. 

31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
•'!  / . 
38. 

:'!». 
4(1. 
41. 
42. 
4.3. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
.50. 
51. 


.54. 


H.  K.  Harmon,  C,  19th  C).  V.  I .  .  . 

R.  Sutcliff,  II,  10th  ().  V.  C 

A.  C.  Braiuard,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I. 
A.  J.  Hathawav,  G,  19th  O.  V.  I. 
E.  R.  Wise,  F,  11th  Pa.  Infantry 
J.  Vautrot.  Jr.,  C,  84th  0.  V.  I.  . 
Frank  Rowan,  A,  171st  O.  V.  I.  . 
W.  C.  Winfield,  F,  41st  O.  V.  I.  . 
Richard  Rawdon,  0,  lOStli  ().  V.  I 

Edgar  Jones,  U.  S.  Navy 

George  Van  Gorder,  A,  171st  C).  V 
J.  J.^'Trnesdell,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I.  . 
A.  Yeomans,  B,  125th  O.  V.  I.  . .  . 

R.  C.  Rice,  B,  125th  0.  V.  I 

A.  L.  Wilson,  C,  19th  ( ).  V.  I ...  . 
George  Harsh,  — ,  14th  ().  V.  I.  .  .  . 
John  Hunter,  L,  14th  ().  V.  B .  .  . 
W.  H.  Hana,  A,  171st  O.  V.  I.  .  . 

Rev.  J.  W.  Campbell 

Will  Spear,  F,  24th  ( ).  V.  I 

George  Bear.  G,  26th  ().  V.  I 

H.  P.  Fox.  I),  2d  Map.  I 

Will  Camp,  A,  171st  O.  V.  I.  ... 
George  Pond,  A,  171st  O.  V.  1.  .  . 
William  Forbis,  B,  105th  0.  V.  1 
J.  W.  Grimasy,  D,  143d  O.  V.  I. 
C.  ().  Hart,  C,  19th  ().  V.  I 

E.  B.  Taylor,  A,  171st  ( ).  X.  G.. 
Thomas  Brierly,  C,  19th  U.  V.  I. 

Will  Brown,  G,  6th  O.  V.  C 

Ben  Lain,   D,  1st  Pa 

W.  AV.  Drav,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I.... 
John  R.  Frese,  A,  2d  0.  V.  C .  .  . 
Frank  Hutchins,  A,  171st  0.  V.  I 
S.  W.  Peffer.  E,  54th  ().  V.  I... 

J.  P.  Frank.  — ,  6tli  ().  V.  C 

Allen  Jones,  Surgeon.  13tli  ().  V. 
S.  C.  Thaver,  B,  1st  Minn.  H.  A 
Thomas  Ilartlv,  E,  75tli  N.  Y.  V 

F.  C.  Fassett,  —  25th  N.  Y.  B.  . 
Will  Saunders,  — ,  53d  Kv.  T.  . 


.  .Akron, 
.  .  Akron, 
. .  Akron, 
.  .  Akron, 
.  .Akron, 
.  .  Akron, 
.  .Akron, 
.  .  Akron, 
.  .Akron, 
. .  Akron, 
.  .  Akron, 
.  .Akron, 
.  .  Akron, 
. .  Akron, 
.  .Akron, 
.  .Akron, 
.  Warren, 
.  W'arren, 
.  Warren, 
.  Warren. 
.  Warren, 
.  Buffalo, 
.Buffalo, 
.  Buffalo, 
.  Buffalo, 
.Buffalo, 
.Bulfalo, 
.  Buffalo, 
.  Buffalo, 
.  Warren, 
.Warren, 
.Warren, 
.  Warren, 
.Warren, 
.  Warren, 
.Warren, 
Kinsman. 
Kinsman, 
Kinsman, 
Kinsman, 
Kinsman. 


iiisToin-  oi--  Ti.'rMi'.rij.  (oi  ntv  -i-i^ 

J.  G.  Baldwin.  D,  I'd  ().  \'.  1 Ciiu-iimati,  O. 

G.  A.  Gerhart.  I,  loOth  X.  V Ciiiciiinati.  O. 

C.  H.  AVilliams,  E,  4th  N.  il ("incimiati,  O. 

A.  p.  Stiles,  F,  22d  Iowa AVarren,  O. 

J.   stiller    Wavreii,  ( ). 

Frank  Rowan   Warren,  ( ). 

S.  R.  Rein,  C,  177tli  O.  V.  i Warren,  (). 

W.  Bartholomew.  A,  171st  O.  V.  1 Warren,  O. 

G.  Raker Warren,  ( ). 

J.  Riley,  E,  lM  ().  11.  A Warren,  (). 

(J.  8.  Gardner.  F.  I(i4tli  O.  V.  I Warren,  (). 

.1.  A.  Bozel,  A.  1(l4tli  O.  V.  1 Warren,  ( ). 

James  Lamb   Warren,  ( ). 

J.  H.  Dilley.  J.  (ith  O.  V.  1 Warren.  ( ). 

F.  W.  Simons Warren,  ( ). 

W.  Coe Warren,  ( ). 

J.  F.  Alcorn.  C,  18tli  Pa Warren,  ( ). 

W.  H.  Oviate Warren.  O. 

H.  P.  Fox Warren,  (). 

L.  E.   Skiner,   7(itli Warren,  O. 

Jonathan    Lewis Warren,  (J. 

W.  H.  Kirkpatriek Warren,  0. 

J.   R.  Lachman Warren,  O. 

H.  C.  Reid Warren,  0. 

A.  0.  Caldwell Warren.  ( ). 

J.   F.   Wilson Warren.  O. 

W.  C.  Stiles Warren.  O. 

.1.  B.  Kingsley Warren.  O. 

W.  Herbert   Warren,  ( ). 

John   Giohter    Warren,  ( ). 

\]'(irri'n  Cifi/ — Si'((i)i(l  Wdid. 

1.  LI.  J.  Ado  ate.  G,  i;»th  O.   \'.   I Warren.  ( ) 

2.  C.  H.  Angstadt,  G,  86th  ().  V.  1 Warren,  O. 

3.  J.  W.  Bell,  U.  S.  Navy Warren,  (). 

4.  W.  A.  Birchard,  U.  S.  Navv Warren,  (). 

5.  John  W.  Brooks,  B,  24th  O.  V.  I Warren,  O. 

6.  Alouzo  Brooks,  E,  196th  0.  V.  I Warren.  O. 

7.  Washington  Brown,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I Warren.  0. 

8.  Thomas"  Douglas.  14th  O.  Battery Warren,  ( ). 

9.  Amos  Dillon,  A,   ]45th  Pa AA'arren.  ( ). 


22i  HISTOEY  OF  TUUMBULL  COUNTY 

10.  E.  H.  Eusigu,  A,  171st  0.  V.  I 

11.  —  Forsythe,  — ,  Md 

12.  Warren  Fuller.  C,  Sltli  0.  X.  I 

13.  T.  C.  Fusselman,  A,  171st  O.  V 

14.  Aaron  Gilbert,  K,  6th  U.  S.  C. 

15.  J.  P.  Gartner,  B,  l-25tli  0.  V.  I 

16.  W.  W.  Henry,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I. 

17.  A.  C.  Hunt,  H,  20th  0.  A'.  I.  . . 

18.  John  S.  Hovt,  B,  84th  0.  V.  I. 

19.  H.  E.  Hubler,  A,  86th  O.  V.  I. 

20.  J.  S.  Kugler,  I,  7th  0.  V.  I.  .  . 

21.  H.  X.  Kellogg,  I,  6tli  O.  Y.  C 

22.  W.  H.  Kirkpatrick,  C,  59th  0. 

23.  AV.  P.  Lease,  I,  6th  O.  X.  C.  . . 

24.  E.  E.  Lewis,  A,  18th  O.  Y.  I. 

25.  Benjamin  Lane,  Pa.  V 

26.  C.  C.  McNutt,  C,  125th  O.  Y.  1 

27.  E.  AV.  Aloore,  — ,  14th  O.  B .  .  . 

28.  John  AlcConnell,  B,  124th  0.  Y. 

29.  James  B.  Aliller,  F,  24th  0.  Y.  I 

30.  J.  E.  Lachman,  Alusician,  46th 

31.  J.  AV.  Alasters,  C,  19th  0.  A".  I. 

32.  H.  L.  Alusser,  — ,  14th  O.  B.  . .  . 

33.  Isaac  O^veny,  H,  20th  0.  Y.  I.  . 

34.  George  H.  Peck,  G,  19th  0.  Y.  I 

35.  AV.  H.  Eaudon,  H,  29th  O.  Y.  I 

36.  AVill  Eeed,  F.  171st  0.  Y.I.... 

37.  John  L.  Smith,  C,  19th  O.  Y.  I. 

38.  Truesdell  Allison,  A,  171st  0.  A 

39.  Allen  AValker,  L  7th  0.  A''.  I.  . . 

40.  John  AVilkins,  G,  26th  0.  A^  I. 

41.  John  N.  AA'eeks,  C,  19th  0.  A".  I 

42.  H.  B.  AVeir.  B,  86th  O.  Y.  I.  . . 

43.  E.  B.  AVaketield,  G,  177th  (_).  Y.  I 

44.  Benjamin  Morgan,  27th  U.  S.  I.,  Colored 

45.  Thomas  Greu,  U.  S.  I.,  Colored 

46.  ().  A.  Caldwell,  ]),  2d  O.  V.  C .  . 

47.  John  1).  Aliller,  C,  19th  O.  Y.  I 

48.  John  AVilson,  C,  19th  O.  V.  I.  . 
4i».  Alvane  Hemon,  A,  25th  IT.  S.  C 
50.  Ferdinand  Lewis,  G,  7th  X.  A'.  ( 


.  .AVarren,  0. 

.AVarren,  0. 

.  AVarren,  O. 
,  .AVarren,  O. 
.  .AVarren,  0. 
.  .AVarren,  0. 
.  .AVarren,  O. 
.  .AVarren,  0. 
.  .AVarren,  0. 
.  .AVarren,  O. 
.  .AVarren,  0. 
.  .AA'^ari-en,  O 
.  .AVarren,  0 
.  .AVarren 
.  .AVarren 
.  .AVarren 
. .  AVarren 
.  .AVarren, 
.  .AVarren 
. .AVarren 
.  .AVarren 
. .AVarren 
. .AVarren 
. .AVarren 
. .  AVarren 
.  .AVarren 
. .AVarren 
. .AVarren 
.  .AA'arren 
.  .AA'arren 
. .AVarren 
.  .AVarren,  0 
.  .AVarren,  0 
. .  AA'arren,  0 
.  .AA'arren.  O 
.  .AA'arren,  O 
.  .AVarren,  O 
. .  AVarren,  0 
.  .AA'arren,  O 
.  .A\^arren,  O 
.  .AA'arren,  0 


HI8T0EY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 


225 


51.  AV.  McCaudles,  C,  lltli  Peuna.  V. 

52.  William  P.  Price,  C,  77th  Penn. . 

53.  Eli  Mock,  A,  197tli  0.  V.  I 

54.  James  M.  Powell,  E,  23d  0.  V.  I. 
James  Haybiisk,  I,  Gtli  0.  V.  C .  . 
Amzi  Williamson.  F,  24th  0.  V.  I 
Aron  Gilbert,  K,  Gth  Reg.  IT.  S.  C 
Benjamin  T.  Coal,  C,  lltli  0.  V.  I 
John  R.  Freas  


4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 

09 


24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


.Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 


l]^arre)i  City — Third  Wend. 


1.     .) 


F.  Wilson,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I 

Rudolp  Rowe.  A,  171st  0.  V.  I.  .  . . 
AVilliam  Smiley,  F.  24th  0.  V.  I.  . . . 
Leonard  Blessing,  F,  24th  0.  V.  I.  . 
Charles  Hill  (colored),  A,  12th  U.  S. 
Samuel  Feuton,  E,  196tli  Hancock  V, 
Tom  McGiiire,  D,  124th  0.  V.  I 

Richard  Little,  Navv 

Homer  C.  Reid,  I,  19th  0.  V.  I 
Sammie  Miner,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I 
JolmBahr,  I,  37th  O.  V.  I.  .  .  . 
John  Wilson,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I. 
Jonas  Rader,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I. 
Henry  Lane,  A,  171st  0.  V.  I. 
Ben  McKee,  Trumbull  Guards 
John  H.  Lamb.  E.  19th  and  7th  — 
A.  A.  Truesdell.  19th  0.  V.  I. 
.\mos  Wright,  H,  20th  O.  V.  I. 
Nick  Selkirk.  — ,  6th  0.  V.  C. . 
R.  P.  McClelland,  D,  211th  Pa 
J.  W^.  McClelland.  A,  139th  Pa 
M.  0.  Messer,  C.  19th  0.  V.  I. 
W.   G.  Watson,  I,  B.  3d  W.  V. 

1st  and  3d  0.  V 

Henrv  Ricksicker,  A,  171st  0.  ^^ 
John  Slater,  — ,  2d  0.  V.  B. . . . 
James  Gibson,  K,  1st  Iowa  C .  . 

A.  F.  Spear.  — ,  Pa.  V.  I 

John  Hammell.  I,  6th  0.  V.  C .  . 
John  Reiter.  H.  19th  0.  V.  C.  . 


Color 
C 


Lt 


ed 


.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Wax'ren 
.  Warren 
.Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  AVarren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 
.  Warren 


.Irt. 


.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 


2-26  HISTOEY  OF  TItUMBULL  COUA'TY 

30.  Dana  Mullen,  Trumbull  Guards Warren 

31.  Wallace  Heald,  F,  47 th  Wis.  V.  I Warren 

32.  Amasa  Hoyt,  — ,  19th  — Warren 

33.  James  Gillet,  G,  — ,  0.  V.  I Warren 

34.  Crile  Warren 

35.  L.  P.  Gilder,  —  150  V.  B Warren 

36.  J.  Sampson,  U.  S.  Navy AVarren 

37.  D.  Harklerode,  F,  6tli  O.  V.  C Warren 

38.  William  Peffers,  Trumbull  Guards Warren 

39.  B.  F.  Parker,  G,  2d  0.  H.  Art Warren 

40.  W.  C.  Stiles,  A,  6th  0.  V.  C Warren 

41.  J.  B.  Kiugsley,  C,  105th  0.  V.  S Warren^ 

42.  James  Moser,  H,  7th  0.  V.  I Warren 

John  Elliott,  F,  121st  Pa Warren 

James  Charter Warren 

Lloyd  Pardee,  F,  5th Warren 

William  Elliott,  G,  —  Essex Warren 

Jake  Lynn,  A,  41st  0.  V.  I Warren 

AYalter  Williams,  — ,  1st  V.  C Warren 

Wilson  Boyd,  171st  0.  V.  I Warren 

Josiali  J.  Smith,  25tli  0.  B Warren 

Edw.  Bowder,  F,  45th  N.  Y Warren 

J.  M.  Kerr,  4th  V.  (C.  S.  A.) Warren 

J.  Leese,  K.,  55th  Pa Warren 

G.  Wonders    Wai'ren 

A.  D.  Stiles,  F,  22d  Iowa Warren 

James  Mill   Warren 

J.  W.  Brooks Warren 

Alonzo  Brooks  Warren 

Homeland. 


1.  L  N.  Crooks,  G,  6th  0.  V.  C Warren,  0. 

2.  Samuel  Crooks,  I,  6th  0.  V.  C Warren,  0. 

3.  Shelden  Crooks,  A,  41st  0.  V.  I Warren,  0. 

,  4.  Isaac  Swager,  I,  6th  0.  V.  C Warren,  O. 

5.  Calvin  L.  Stevens,  I,  6th  0.  V.  C Niles,  O. 

6.  Clisby  Ballard,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I Warren,  0. 

7.  Enos  Hake,  G,  6th  0.  V.  C Niles,  0. 

8.  Jacob  Hake,  I,  128th  — Niles,  0. 

9.  Samuel  Hake,  I,  105th  0.  V.  I Newburgh,  0. 

10.  Merwin  Tidd,  I,  105th  0.  V.  I Warren,  0. 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


•.'•?7 


11.  Henry  Tnttle,  B,  1st  U.  S.  I 

12.  Jonathan  Thompson,  Trumbull  Guar 

13.  Josiah  Ratliff,  D,  19(3th  0.  V.  I.  . . . 

14.  Hiram  Laughlin.  C,  29th  0.  V.  I.  . . 

15.  Hugh  Love^  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 

16.  B.  B.  Harshmau,  H,  20th  V.  V.  I.  . . 

17.  Richard  Waterman,  D,  6th  O.  V.  C. 

18.  E.  E.  Entriken,  C,  6th  0.  V.  C 

19.  V.  M.  Hart,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C 

20.  Willis  Eeed,  C,  6th  0.  V.  C 

21.  John  Spear,  E,  23d  0.  V.  1 

22.  John  Elliott,  F,  121st  Pa 

23.  W.  W.  Miller,  D,  171st  0.  N.  G. . .  . 

24.  Sidney  Hippie,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G. . . 

25.  Ed  Eichmond,  — ,  6th  0.  V.  C 

26.  W.  J.  Nanga,  C,  101st  P.  V.  I 

27.  George  W.  Kennedy,  C,  2d  0.  V.  C. 


ds 


.  ...Niles,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.  Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
....Niles,  0. 
.Warren,  O. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  0. 
.Warren,  O. 


Vienna. 

1.  Henry  S.  Truesdell,  I,  6th  O.  V.  I Vienna,  0. 

2.  J.  B.  Kingsley,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I..  . : Vienna,  0. 

3.  J.  H.  Truesdell,  Trumbull  Guards Vienna,  0. 

4.  Joel  Hawley,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I Vienna,  0. 

5.  Samuel  Ralston,  B,  57th  Pa Vienna,  0. 

6.  Robert  Sti-anahan,  D,  171st  0.  N.  G Vienna,  0. 

7.  John  W.  Davis,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I Vienna,  0. 

8.  James  C.  Nolan,  B,  140th  Pa Vienna,  0. 

9.  William  Y.  Stewart,  — ,  2d  Ky Vienna,  0. 

10.  Warren  Garrard,  A,  46th  111" Vienna,  0. 

11.  Edwin  Tiiiesdell,  Trumbull  Guards Vienna,  0. 

12.  I.  D.  Henrv,  B,  102d  Pa Vienna,  0. 

13.  D.  J.  Powell,  D,  211th  Pa Vienna,  0. 

14.  S.  C.  Wliitten,  A.  76th  Pa Vienna,  0. 

15.  A.  J.  Bingham,  G,  21st  Pa.  C Vienna,  0. 

16.  Thomas  Brannar,  — ,  la.  C.  D.  C Vienna,  0. 

17.  Emory  Tribby,  B,  76th  Pa Vienna,  0. 

18.  John  C.  Dray,  Trumbull  Guards Vienna,  O. 

19.  Alfred  Combs,  H,  7th  0.  V.  I Vienna,  O. 

20.  Lucius  Scoville,  Trumbull  Guards Vienna,  0. 

21.  Edwin  Boyd,  D,  177th  0.  V.  I Vienna,  0. 


228 


IIISTOUY  OF  'JMU'AEBrLL  COUNTY 


AVilliam  J.  Cozad,  D,  100th  Pa Vienna,  0. 

R.  J.  Stewart,  C.  105th  0.  X.  1 Vienna,  0. 


4. 

5. 
"  6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 


4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
K). 
1]. 
V2. 
1.3. 
14. 
]5. 


J.  E.  Bentley,  H,  84th  111 Br 

Daniel  W.  Pritchard,  E,  ludejiendent  Bat..  .Br 
W.  N.  Carter,  F,  2d  O.  N.  G Br 


A.  B.  Bear,  B,  105th  0.  X.  L 

J.  A.  Fussehnau,  A,  86th  ().  X.  I.  . 
Harrv  Gregory,  C,  171st  ( >.  N.  G.. 

F.  G.  Peck,  C,  2d  (J.  V.  C 

John  Waddel,  I,  1st  0.  B 

E.  H.  Fnsselman,  (',  171st  U.  X.  I 
AV.  W.  Redmond,  L,  3d  Pa.  xVrt.  . 
George  Strnble,  C,  2d  O.  V.  C  .  . 
Cornelius  McCambridge,  D,  2d  111 
Thomas  Redmond,  L,  3d  Pa.  Art. 

William  Ulp,  C!,  6th  0.  A^  C 

Henrv  Patterson.  B,  19th  0.  V.  I. 
David  A.  Williams,  B,  84th  0.  V.  I 
James  Baker,  D,  211th  P.  X.  I. .  .  . 

Freeman  Aga,  G,  6th  0.  V.  C 

L.  C.  Jenkins,  F,  57th  Pa 


Newton  Toioish 


A.  S.  AVood,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G..  .  . 
E.  E.  AVood,  F,  171st  U.  N.  G.  .  . 
William  Goodhart,  H,  20th  O.  X. 
Charles  Kistler,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G 
G.  L.  Medley,  G,  6th  0.  X.  C. . . . 
Amson  Parker,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G. 
C.  E.  Barber,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G..  . 
J.  IT.  Gillett,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G.  .  . 
H.  JI.  Dallev,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G.  . . 
Chai-les  Medley,  I,  128th  0.  X.  I. 
.John  Loneliarger,  H,  20tli  ().  V.  I 
David  Longenbarger,  H,  20th  0.  V.  I 
Charles  Flick,  H,  20th  0.  X.  I..  . 
Erdly  Hallock,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G. 
Joshua  Ramalia,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G 


Art 


P- 


...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
...Br 
.Br 
...Br 
...Br 


ooktiekl 
ookfield 
ooktiekl 
ookfield 
ookfield 
ookfield 
ookfield 
ookfield 
ooktield 
ookfield 
■ookfield 
ookfield, 
ookfield 
ookfield 
ookfield 
ookfield, 
ookfield 
ookfield 
ookfield 


.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
.Newton 
.  Newton 
.  Newton 
,  Newton 


Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls 

Falls,  0 

Falls,  0 


JIISTOKV  OI 


'];i':\IBlLL  COUATY 


■?■:?!) 


16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 


3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
1.3. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


George  Alleu.  (',  19tli  0.  \.  1 

Ira  Hine,  F,  171st  O.  V.  1 

C.  B.  Leyde,  F,  171st  U.  X.  I 

J.  M.  Caleuder,  — ,  171st  O.  V.  J.  .  .  . 

B-obert  Maekey,  2d  O.  V.  C 

Robert  Force,  6tli  O.  \'.  (' 

J.  H.  Stewart,  21st  ().  \'.  I 

P.  M.  Hardmau,  H,  7tli  ().  V.  I 

D.  M.  Bricker,  H,  105tli  O.  V.  I 

Washiugtou  Brown,  — ,  15th  Battery 


Xewtou 

F 

ills, 

Xewtou 

F 

ills. 

Newton 

F 

ills. 

...Prie 

etown, 

Newton 

F 

ills, 

Newton 

F 

ills. 

Newton 

V 

ills, 

Newton 

F 

ills. 

Newton 

V 

ills, 

Newton 

F 

ills. 

WvatJii'istidd  and  Nilev. 

David  Shelar,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I X 

0.  L.  McCartv,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I N 

T.  J.  McKay,  C,  103d  Pa X 

John  W.  Adams,  G,  26th  O.  V.  I N 

Edward  Cormick,  B,  171st  O.  N.  G N 

Cyres  C'ochran,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G N 

W.  y.  Chambers,  0,  22d  Pa N 

Richard  Lauigan,  — ,  Pa N 

Wallace  Drake,  F,  24th  O.Y.l N 

John  Miller,  B,  171st  0.  N.  (f N 

J.  J.  Shaffer,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G N 

W.  E.  Hughs,  H,  20th  O.  V.  I N 

Roliison  Stewart,  G,  19th  0.  ^^  I N 

Jolm  Linney.  E,  6th  O.  ^".  ( ' N 

Jonah  AVoodou,  F,  171st  U.  N.  G X 

Albert  Johnson,  II,  67th  ().  V.  I X 

James  W.  McBride,  C,  214th  Pa N 

Charles  Coiley,  C,  6tli  G.  V.J X 

Robert  Howe,  G,  11th  Pa N 

Ed  Cassidv,  B,  4th  0.  V.  I N 

William  Wheldou,  6th  Pa.  H.  Art N 

Joseph  Hickey.  B,-  171st  O.  N.  G N 

Scot  Loekwood,  K,  191st  O.  V.  I N 

Lafayette  Bear,  B,  194th  O.  V.  I N 

George  F.  Reiter,  G,  19th  O.Y.l N 

Julius  N.  Cowderv,  B,  85th  O.  V.J N 

C.  linger,  G,  4th  0.  V.  I N 

William  Mason,  B,  171st  O.  V.  I N 

A.  P.  Carlton,  — ,  2d  0.  V.  C Niles,  0. 


ilcs 

<) 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

(> 

iles 

() 

iles 

0 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

0 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

0 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

() 

iles 

G 

iles 

{) 

iles 

G 

330 


IIISTOIJY  OF  TKUMRULL  COUNTY 


30.  Ju.suph  Miller,  (Jth  O.  V.  C 

31.  Ave  Van  Wye,  — ,  C,  19tli  0.  V.  I 

32.  J.  B.  Luce,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I 

33.  James  Wirenian,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G 
31.  Thomas  D.  Thomas,  E,  26th  0.  V. 

35.  C.  J.  Callihan,  — ,  14th  Pa.  Cav .  . . 

36.  John  Eager,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G .  .  . . 
.•'7.  Joseph  Fisher,  C,  19th  O.  V.  I.  . 

38.  T.  G.  Stigleman,  M,  6th  0.  V.  C.  . 

39.  G.  L.  Campbell,  B,  171st  O.  N.  G 

40.  Hiram  Ohl,  C,  25th  O.  V.  I 

41.  Edgar  Lockwood,  I,  105th  0.  Y.  I. 

42.  Thomas  Smith,  G,  34th  lud 

43.  Jacob  Holzbach,  C,  9th  U.  S 

44.  Thomas  J.  AVilliams,  B,  5th  O.  V 

45.  M.  G.  Butter.  B,  171st  O.  N.  G.  . 
46  John  Nedge 

47.  Jacob  Neithemer,  B,  181st  U.  N.  G 

48.  James  B.  :\rcRol)erts,  1),  198th  O.  T 

49.  A.  E.  Lincoln.  A,  41st  0.  V.  I 

50.  Lemuel  Hollowav,  F,  16th  0.  V.  I. 

51.  J.  H.  Tidd,  E,  196th  O.  V.  I 

52.  Ed  AVhitehouse,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I. . 

53.  Fred  AVilson,  A,  3d  New  Jersey  I 

54.  J).  H.  Mogee,  G,  100th  Pa.  I.  . ! .  . 

55.  Alex  Mackev,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I..  . . 

56.  W.  H.  Patterson,  B,  123  0.  V.  I. 

57.  John  L.  Davis,  N.  7th  0.  V.  I.  .  . 

58.  Jacob  Shelar,  B,  171st  O.  N.  G.  . 

59.  Ben  Seagrass,  G,  2d  0.  H.  A 

60.  John  A.  Neis,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G. 

61.  Sam  11.  AVhite,  — ,  15th  O.  N.  G .  . . 

62.  C.  W.  Tallitzer,  C,  19th  O.  V.  I. . 

63.  Henrv  R.  Swindler,  B,  171st  O.  V 

64.  B.  L.  Pierce,  C,  171st  O.  V.  L.  .  . 

65.  Lafayette  Seatou,  C,  105th  O.  Y. 
iM\.  Joseph  Van  Wye,  B,  84th  0.  \'.  I. 
fi7.  ( )scar  Tibbitt.  C,  105th  0.  V.  1. .  .  . 

Henry  Tnttle,  B,  1st  U.  S 

68.  T.  B."  Tait,  10th  Army  ( 'oust .... 

69.  W.  P.  Parker.  G.  19tb  < ».  V.  L.  .  . 


...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  O. 
...Nile.s,  0. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  0. 
. .  .  Niles,  O 
...Nile.s,  O. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  O. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  0. 
.  .  .Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  O. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  O. 
...Niles,  O. 
...Niles,  O. 
...Niles,  0. 
...Niles,  O. 
...Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

.  .Niles,  0. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles.  O. 

.  .Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  0. 

..Niles.  0. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Nile-s,  O. 

.  .Niles,  O. 

..Niles,  O. 

..Niles.  0. 


HISTORY  OF  TEmiBULL  COUNTY 

70.  Norman  Potter,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I Niles 

71.  William  Emery,  G,  Utli  Pa.  C Niles 

72.  James  Brogau,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G Niles 

73.  Lewis  Woods,  — ,  7th  0.  V.  I Niles 

74.  George  Anderson,  — ,  129th  Pa Niles 

75.  A.  B.  Coble,  Trumbull  Guards Niles 

76.  Truman  Waldron,  Navy Niles 

77.  Lester  Moore,  A,  142d  Pa Niles 

78.  Thomas  Willard,  F,  76th  0.  V.  I Niles 

79.  John  Jenkins,  — ,  171st  0.  N.  G Niles 

80.  Willis  Beary,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G Niles 

81.  Frank  Kingsley,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G Niles 

82.  Eli  Ferguson,  13,  171st  0.  N.  G Niles 

83.  Charles  Holton,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G Niles 

84.  Charles  McDermot,  Navv Niles 

85.  Henry  Stroek,  5th  0.  V.  I Niles 

86.  James  Draa,  B,  171st  O.  N.  G Niles 

87.  John  Thomas,  F,  13th  Pa Niles 

88.  Philip  Artman,  B,  171st  0.  N.  G Niles 

89.  John  E.  Edwards,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I Niles 

90.  Eichard  Lanigan,  I,  8th  Pa.  I Niles 

91.  S.  L.  Wood,  I,  7th  O.  V.  I Niles 

92.  G.  B.  Lloyd,  G,  87th  Pa Niles 

93.  A.  A.  Adams,  — ,  171st  0.  V.  I Niles 

94.  Heniy  Stein,  — ,  6th  0.  V.  C Niles 

95.  Walter  Williams Niles 


231 

0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
O. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 

o. 

0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 
0. 


Mineral  Bidge. 


10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 


Eli  J.  Ohl.  K,  196th  O.  V.  I 

Leander  Kegavise,  A,  86th  O.  V.  I 
John  B.  Lewis,  C,  19th  0.  V.  L.  .  . 
David  Barringer,  H,  20th  0.  \.  I.. 
Daniel  T.  Williams,  B,  7th  0.  \.  I 

J.  W.  Cesna,  H,  105th  0.  V.  I 

William  Jones,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I..  .  . 
Thomas  Jarrett,  A,  105th  0.  V.  I 
James  Parker,  D,  171st  0.  V.  L.  .  . 

Evan  Price,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I 

Daniel  Shvrie,  B,  142d  Pa 

Jacob  White,  C,  19th  0.  V.  I 

Michael  Friegan,  F,  24th  0.  V.  I. . 


.  Minera 
.  ^linera 
.Minera 

M 

.  Mineral 
.  Mineral 
.  Mineral 
.Mineral 
.  Mineral 
.  Mineral 
.  ^lineral 
.  Mineral 
.  Mineral 


Ridge,  0. 
Ridge,  0. 
Ridge,  0. 
eander,  O. 
Ridge,  O. 
Ridge,  0. 
Ridge,  0. 
Ridge,  O. 
Ridge,  0. 
Ridge,  0. 
Ridge,  0. 
Ridge,  O. 
Ridge,  0. 


HISTOllY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 


Thomas  Morris,  A,  13th  0.  V.  I.. 

John  Hood,  E,  6th  0.  V.  C 

William  H.  JohnsoD,  D,  115th  O.  Y 

John  Crum,  H,  20th  0.  V.  I 

Riley  Carter,  A,  113th  0.  ^'.  I 

E.  R.  Edwards,  20th  0.  Bat 

John  Elmer,  Trumbull  Guards .  .  . 
Casper  Helwig,  Trumbull  Guards. 

John  Bellard,  G,  2d  0.  H.  A 

Sylvester  Carter,  B,  7th  0.  V.  I.  . . 
William  Ague,  25th  0.  V.  Bat.  .  . . 
W^illiam  Bowman,  F,  41st  O.  V.  I.. 
Robert  G.  Roberts,  D,  171st  0.  N.  ( 
Martin  Turrell,  F,  24th  0.  V.  I..  .  . 

Henry  Hood,  F,  171st  0.  N.  G 

Samuel  C.  Patterson,  55tli  Peun.  . 


.  .  Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .  [Miner 
.  .  Miner 
. . Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .  Miner 
.  .Miner 
.  .  Miner 


Ridge,  U. 

Ridge,  O. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  O. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  0. 

Ridge,  O. 


Liberty. 


J.  W.  Anderson,  D,  2d  0.  V.  C Y'oungstown,  0. 

Lemuel  Granger,  G,  6tli  0.  V.  C Church  Hill,  0. 

James  H.  Miller,  G,  6th  0.  V.  C Sodom,  0. 

Isaac  Granger,  E,  19th  0.  V.  I Sodom,  0. 

Henry  L.  Green,  G,  19th  0.  V.  I Churchill,  0. 

Levi  Bearer,  B,  19th  0.  Y.  I Girard,  0. 

A.  L.  Hood.  C,  19th  0.  V.  I Girard,  0. 

David  J.  Williams,  G,  26th  0.  V.  I Church  Hill,  0. 

Alvan  Gruver,  B,  76th  0.  V.  T Sodom,  0. 

H.  M.  Boys,  I.  105th  0.  V.  1 Vienna,  0. 

M.  J.  Hood,  C,  105th  0.  ^' .  I Sodom,  0. 

John  P.  Rosser,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I Church  Hill,  0. 

John  B.  Miller,  C.  105th  0.  V.  I Girard,  0. 

Josiah  Seachnil,  C,  105th  O.  V.  I Girard,  O. 

John  Geddis,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I Sodom,  0. 

Josiah  Oliver,  105th  0.  V.  I Youugstowu,  0. 

Thomas  Guy,  C,  150th  0.  V.  I Church  Hill,  0. 

W.  W.  Guy,  F,  150th  0.  V.  I '.  .  .  .Church  Hill,  0. 

George  H.  Bearer,  D,  171st  0.  N.  G Girard,  O. 

Jonathan  Keifer,  D,  171st  O.  N.  G Girard,  O. 

John  Applegate,  C,  171st  0.  V.  I Church  Hill,  0. 

Vincent  Hollenbeck,  C,  171st  0.  V.  I Church  Hill,  0. 


IIISTOIJY  OF  TKriMIU'LL  (orXTY 


233 


23.  Beuj.  R.  Havis.  — ,  171st  O.  V.  I 

24.  Thomas  Chiles,  A,  197th  O.  \'.  1 

25.  John  J.  Brisbme,  — ,  loOth  O.  ^^  Art 

26.  George  W.  Carnej',  L,  4th  Pa.  V.  Cav 

27.  Thomas  J.  Miller,"  E,  r)4th  Pa.  V.  I. 

28.  James  W.  Wood,  H,  7th  Pa.  V.  I.  . 

29.  Ales  Mealey,  G,  155tli  Pa.  V.  I.  .  .  . 

30.  Sidney  W.  Wood,  A,  9th  Mich.  V.  I 

31.  John  E.  Patterson.  I,  ll.^)t]i  ().  V.  I 

32.  Solon  Darlina'    


Cluurli    Hill.  (). 

Cluurh    11  ill,  (). 

Si.doni.  <». 

Chun'h  Hill,  U. 

Church  Hill,  O. 

Church  Hill,  (). 

Church  Hill,  (). 

Girard.  O. 

Church  Hill,  O. 
Girard.  (). 


(Hi  aid. 


1.  A.  J.  Jewell.  E.  177th  ().  V.  I 

2.  William  Ward,  Jr.,  15tli  O.  Battery 

3.  George  Phillips,  1^,  171st  0.  N.  G 

4.  Joseph  Leavett.  C,  19th  0.  V.  I.  . 

5.  F.  N.  Reapsummer,  D,  171st  0.  N 

6.  Ambrose  Eckmau,  D.  171st  0.  N. 

7.  Fred  C.  Reinger,  F,  12th  Pa.  C 

8.  Thomas  Craft,  T,  56tli  Pa.  I.  .  . 

9.  John  Borth,  D.  'il  P.  V.  I 

10.  Michael  Carroll,  2d  IJ.  S.  A.  .  . 

11.  N.  B.  Carlton,  1),  171st  O.  V.  I. 

12.  Jacob  Shaffer,  1,  lOfitli  O.  V.  I 

13.  W.  J.  Read,  C,  2d  Md.  V.  [.  .  .  . 

14.  Fred  Cauley.  B.  8th  O.  V.  I... 

15.  Allen  Patterson,  (i.  (ith  ( ).  V.  C 

16.  George  Olliver.  11.  7th  ( ).  V.  T. 

17.  Jame"^^  McGrath,  B,  171st  O.  V.  I 

18.  P.  L.  Rush,  E,  2d  0.  V.  C 

19.  Mathias  Falkinstein,  B,  84th  ().  \ 

20.  Thomas  J.  Thomas,  I,  7th  ( ).  V.  I 

21.  Sylvester  Peunell,  D,  6th  0.  V.  C 

22.  Edwin  A.  Reep,  D,  143d  0.  V.  I. 

23.  James  McEvoy,  G,  76tli  Pa 

24.  Henry  Britt,  F,  3d  Pa.  C 

25.  David  T.  Arner,  D,  19th  C.  V.  I. 

26.  Nicholas  Green,  D,  171st  O.  V.  I. 

27.  Evan  Morris.  171st  O.  V.  T 


.  .  .Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .Gir 
...Gir 
...Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  . .  Gir 
...Gir 
...Gir 
.  .  .Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
...Gir 
...Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
. .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
..  .Gir 
.  .  .Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 
.  .  .  Gir 


ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 
ard 


234 


1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 

7. 
8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 


HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY 
Hubbard. 


N.  J.  Pound,  B,  105th  0.  V.  I 

Eli  C.  Reed,  A,  lOSth  O.  V.  I 

C.  N.  Clingan,  B,  19tli  0.  V.  I 

Charles  Hammond,  D,  41st  0.  V.  I. 

John  Pollock,  H,  7th  O.  V.  I 

William  McKinley,  C,  125th  0.  V.  I 
Daniel  Murphv,  F,  19th  U.  S.  I.  . . . 
M.  B.  White,  B,  84th  0.  V.  I.,  and 

0.  N.   G 

John  Sinclair,  C,  105th  0.  V.  I 

John  Sinclair,  I,  19th  0.  V.  I 

H.  W.  Feidler,  M,  5th  Pa.  C 

G.  W.  Feidler,  — ,  1st  Pa 

H.  A.  Huff,  M,  6th  H.  Art 

George  W.  Newton,  5th  0.  V.  I.  .. 

Lemuel  Marsteller 

A.  Remalia,  H,  7-th  0.  V.  I 

H.  W^  Hescock,  H.  7th  0.  V.  I 

IV .  A.  Loveless,  B,  2d  Mich.  Cav.  . . 

E.  H.  Jewell,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 

Eli  McFall,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 

S.  J.  Hoover,  C,  171st  O.  N.  G 

]\[artin  Warner    

John  Doyle  

John  Randell,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 

W.  H.  Portertield,  C,  171st  O.  N.  G 
L.  W.  Burnett,  C,  171st  O.  N.  G. . . . 
James  Portertield,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 
A.  G.  Weirick,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 
IL  L.  Clingan,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 
L.  T.  Clingan,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 
Hugh  Veach,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G. 
Martin  Bentley,  C,  171st  O.  N. 

John  Carroll,  D,  1st  Pa 

John  Jackson,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G 
W.  J.  Jackson,  C,  171st  O.  N.  G 
S.  H.  Tyler,  C,  171st  0.  N.  G. 

D.  D.  Struble,  D,  1st  Pa.  Rif . . 

Robert  Nephew   

A.  W.  Hume,  C,  171st  O.  N.  G. 


. . .  Hubbard, 
.  . .  Hubbard, 
. . .  Hubbard, 
.  .  .Hubbard, 
. .  .Hubbard, 
.  . .  Hubbard, 
. .  .  Hubbard, 
171st 

.Hubbard, 
Coalburgh, 
.  Hubbard, 
.  Hubbard, 
.  Hubbard, 
.  Hubbard, 
.  Hubbard, 
.  Hubbard, 
.  Hubbard, 
.Hubbard, 
.Hubbard, 
.Hubbard, 
. . .  .  Coalburgh, 
.  .  .  .  Coalburgh, 
.  . . .  Coalburgh, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  Coalburgh, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
. .  Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
. .  Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 
.  .Hubbard, 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 


235 


40.  J.  J.  Bui-k,  Cliaplain,  S2d  0.  V.  I Hubbard,  0. 

41.  G.  R.  Stevenson Hubbard,  0. 

42.  D.  J.   Edwards Hubbard,  O. 

43.  L.  L.  Campbell,  L,  2d  Cav Hubbard,  0. 


Coalburgh. 

Thomas  Phelps,  B,  19th  0.  V.  I.  . . 
James  S.  Hoover,  — ,  171st  O.  N.  G 
Benjamin  Mathews,  — ,  19th  0.  V.  I 

L.  S.  Burnett   

John  Waddell,  I,  1st  0.  V.  L.  A.  .  .  . 


.Coalburgh,  0. 
.Coalburgh,  0. 
.Coalburgh,  O. 
.Coalburgh,  O. 
.Coalburgh,  O. 


CHAPTEK  XVllL— KELIGIUUS  UKGAXIZATIUXS. 


Connecticut  Law. — First  Missionaries. — First  Church  ix  Old 
Trumbull  County. — First  Preaching. — Baptist  Church. 
— Presbyterian  Church. — Christ's  Church  (Episco- 
pal).— Central  Christian  Church. — First  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church. — St.  Mary^'s  Church 
(EoMAN  Catholic). — German  Lutheran 
Church. — Zion  Reformed  Church. — 
Tod  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. — Christian  Science 
Church. — Grace    United 
Evangelical   Chltrch. 
•  — Second    Chris- 

tian Church. 

AVht'ii  tile  ( 'oiiiH'ctirut  fathers  loaded  their  wagons  for  their 
iiew  hoiue.s  in  Ohio  they  bronght  with  them  their  crowns  and 
scepters,  for  each  was  inonarcli  of  liis  family,  but,  be  it  to 
their  credit,  they  left  the  whi])])ing  post  and  ducking  stool  be- 
hind. After  a  time  they  wore  the  crown  less  often  and  the 
scepter  was  seldom  seen. 

Those  of  us  who  have  lived  the  New  England  life  in  Ohio 
know  that  most  of  our  great-grandfathers  never  smiled,  that  few 
of  our  grandfathers  caressed  their  wives  or  kissed  their  children, 
but  we  rejoice  that  the  real  change  came  before  our  time,  for 
to  be  snuggled  to  sleep  in  our  mother's  arms,  or  kissed  awake  by 
our  father's  hps,  is  worth  all  else  in  the  world. 

The  children  of  our  Connecticut  ancestry  had  desire  for  re- 
ligious liberty,  as  had  the  Pilgrim  fathers  and  mothers,  as  had 
the  Connecticut  pioneer  or  the  tirst  inhabitant  of  the  "Western 
Reserve.  They  kept  quiet  on  Sunday  liecause  it  Avas  more  com- 
fortable than  being  beaten;  they  committed  chapters  of  the  Bible 
by  heart  for  the  same  reason.  But  when  the  father  and  mother, 
with  such  of  the  grown  people  and  children  whose  turn  it  was, 

236 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  237 

liad  (liivi'ii  oft'  to  c'hureli  aud  were  safely  out  of  sight,  pande- 
iiioiiiuiH  veigiied.  And  it  contimied  till  the  child  stationed  at  the 
ujjper  window  as  sentinel  sighted  the  returning  carriage  on  the 
further  hill.  Then  was  the  house  tidied,  then  did  the  children 
take  up  their  Bibles,  and  received  the  look  of  approval  for  their 
supposed  good  conduct. 

Some  good  came  out  of  these  Sunday  disolioyances,  for  sev- 
eral men.  who  afterwards  became  orators  and  trial  lawyers,  first 
learned  to  speak  before  these  home  audiences,  while  one  woman, 
a  noted  advocate  in  the  temperance  cause,  dates  her  aliility 
to  talk  with  ease  to  the  days  when  she  played  church  on  Sunday 
morning,  and  insisted  on  iireaching  a  sermon  with  the  hairclotli 
chair  as  a  ]mlpit.  Both  men  and  women  have  said  tliat  these 
meetings  were  always  ended  by  riot,  but  the  haircloth  chairs  were 
made  by  hand,  of  seasoned  wood,  witli  the  best  of  glue  and  var- 
nish, and  could  stand  any  kind  of  use. 

Old  men  and  women  living  today  in  Trumbull  County,  who 
have  endured  all  kinds  of  hardships  and  seen  grievous  sorrows, 
look  back  u])on  the  Sundays  of  their  childhood  witli  horror.  The 
Sabbath  began  Saturday  at  sundown  and  closed  Sunday  at 
sundown.  With  the  twilight  a  gloom  settled  upon  the  children 
(the  older  folks  enjoyed  a  few  hours  of  rest)  which  seemed  in- 
tolerable. J5i1)le  reading  by  one  of  the  family  was  had.  and  long 
meaningless  audible  prayers  Avere  made.  As  the  children  knelt 
either  on  the  bare  floor  or  thin  carpet,  their  knees  ached,  and  it 
was  impossible  to  be  still.  As  a  recreation  they  were  allowed  to 
read  the  Bible  by  the  tallow  dip  or  the  flaming  log.  or  go  to  bed. 

A  man,  at  this  writing  aged  eighty-six.  as  a  child  had  a  num- 
ber of  brothers,  and  he  says  that,  when  lads,  so  forlorn  and  de- 
pressed wei-e  they  all  on  Sunday  that  they  used  to  say  they 
wished  tlie>'  A\ere  dead.  In  order  that  they  might  surely  know 
just  when  the  day  was  really  done,  they  climbed  onto  the  huge 
woodpile,  which  was  in  their  dooryard.  to  Avatch  the  setting  sun. 
and  when  at  last  it  disappeared  the  shout  which  went  up  from  the 
stack  of  logs  aud  sticks  was  never  surpassed  by  the  whoop  of  the 
Indians  who  formerly  occupied  the  territory.  They  jimiped  or 
rolled  from  the  ]nle.  chasing  each  other,  fought  and  played,  out- 
side in  summer,  by  the  huge  logs  in  winter,  till  the  parents,  ex- 
hausted with  the  tempest,  sent  them  early  to  bed.  Yes.  the 
desire  foi-  religious  liberty  in  the  heart  of  the  Puritan  is  finally 
rcalized  by  us.  through  our  fathers  and  mothers. 

In  October,  1793,  the  general  assembly  of  Connecticut,  as  we 


238  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

have  seen,  authorized  the  sale  of  the  land  in  what  is  northeastern 
Ohio,  and  at  the  same  time  enacted  "that  the  moneys  arising 
from  the  sale  *  *  *  be  established  a  perpetual  fund,  the 
interest  whereof  is  granted  and  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  use 
and  benefit  of  several  ecclesiastical  societies,  churches,  or  con- 
gregations in  all  denominations  in  the  state,  to  be  by  them  ap- 
plied to  the  support  of  their  respective  ministers,  or  preachers 
of  the  gosi^el,  and  schools  of  education,  imder  such  rules  and 
regulations  as  shall  be  adopted  bj"  this  or  some  future  session  of 
the  general  assembly."  As  this  provision  really  amounted 
towards  the  establishment  of  a  fund  for  the  supporting  of  the 
church,  it  created  a  great  deal  of  discussion  and  hard  feeling. 
As  is  always  the  case,  people  saw  great  dangers  ahead  in  attach- 
ing the  church  to  the  state.  In  some  localities  public  meetings 
were  held,  and  for  two  years  a  great  deal  of  anxious  thought  was 
given  to  the  matter,  all  for  naught,  because  the  lands  were  not 
sold.  When,  in  1795,  the  assembly  passed  a  new  act  in  regard  to 
this  western  land,  the  provision  for  the  ministers  was  left  out, 
and  when,  a  few  months  later,  this  land  was  bought  by  the  Con- 
necticut Laud  Company,  the  money  which  was  to  be  applied  to 
the  ministers,  as  well  as  to  the  schools,  was  applied  to  the  schools 
only. 

Who  the  first  missionary  was  in  the  district  of  Old  Trumbull 
County,  or  where  the  first  sermon  was  preached,  will  probably 
never  l)e  known,  because  traveling  priests  visited  the  Indians 
and  traders,  while  the  Moravians  devoted  their  energies  to  the 
Indians  in  particular. 

Little  or  no  mention  is  made  by  the  surveyors  of  any  relig- 
ious services,  except  those  of  burial.  The  Connecticut  Land 
Company,  as  we  have  seen,  offered  land  to  the  first  "gospel 
minister'"  who  should  take  up  residence  in  the  county.  We 
always  think  of  Massachusetts  in  the  olden  time  as  religious  be- 
cause of  the  Puritans,  and  of  Connecticut  the  same  because  of 
the  Blue  Laws. 

Dr.  B.  A.  Hinsdale,  in  the  Magazine  of  Western  History, 
says: 

"The  settlement  of  the  Reserve  was  opened  at  a  time 
when  New  England  was  at  a  low  ebb.  Old  Connecticut  did 
not  at  first  send,  as  a  rule,  what  she  considered  her  best 
elements  to  New  Connecticut.  At  a  later  day,  the  character 
of   the   emigration   improved   in    respect   to    religion   and 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  239 

morals,  but  the  first  emigratiou  was  largely  made  up  of  men 
wlio  desired  to  throw  oft'  the  heavy  trammels  ol'  au  old  and 
strongly  conservative  community,  where  church  and  state 
were  closely  connected  and  where  society  was  dominated  by 
political  and  religious  castes.  vStill  further,  the  east  was  at 
this  time  swept  by  au  epidemic  of  land  speculation,  while  the 
laxative  moral  infiueuce  of  a  removal  from  an  old  and  well- 
ordered  society  to  the  woods  produced  its  usual  effect." 

At  first  thought  wo  considered  this  statement  of  Mr.  Hins- 
dale almost  an  exaggeration,  l)ut,  as  we  studied  history  further, 
we  find  that  it  was  not  the  first  emigrants  who  were  devoted  to 
the  religion  of  their  fathers,  Init  those  who  came  later — our 
grandfathers,  nut  our  great-grandfathers. 

So  far  as  we  actually  know,  William  C.  Wick  preached  the 
first  sermon  within  the  limits  of  old  TnnnbuU  County,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1799.  He  came  from  Washington,  Pennsylvania.  Records 
show  he  was  ordained  to  preach  in  August.  It  may  be  he  thought 
it  wise  to  practice  on  the  frontiersmen.  Anyway,  they  gathered 
to  hear  him,  and  later,  when  he  came  to  Youngstown  and  estab- 
lished a  church,  he  had  the  support  of  the  people.  Youngstown 
has  always  been  a  church-going  place. 

The  best  known  of  the  early  preachers  was  Eev.  Joseph 
Badger.  He  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  was  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  was  a  college  graduate,  and  licensed  to  preach  in  1786.  He 
occupied  a  pulpit  in  Massachusetts,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the 
missionary  field  of  the  AYestern  Reseiwe  in  1800.  The  cold 
weather  set  in  before  he  crossed  the  Pennsylvania  mountains. 
He  came  slowly  from  Pittsburg  and  reached  Youngstown  De- 
cember 14th.  The  following  day,  Sunday,  he  preached  to  the 
inhabitants,  who  were  glad  to  vary  the  monotony  of  their  hard 
lives  by  any  sort  of  service.  He  soon  visited  other  townships  on 
the  Reserve,  and  Harvey  Rice  is  the  authority  for  saying  that  in 
the  following  year  (1801)  he  visited  every  settlement,  and  nearly 
every  family,  in  old  Trumbull  County.  He,  and  the  ministers 
who  followed  him,  as  well  as  the  lawyers,  spent  much  of  their 
time  in  the  saddle,  crossing  streams  by  wading  or  swimming, 
and  on  the  whole  their  lives  were  hard.  However,  the  ministers 
were  w^ell  received  by  the  residents,  even  if  they  were  not  much 
in  sympathy  with  what  they  taught,  and  the  best  that  the  pio- 
neers had  in  the  way  of  food,  or  any  kind  of  comforts,  was 
theirs.     What  records  the  earlv  missionaries  left  agree  with 


240  llLSTUliY   OF  Th'KMl'.ULL  COUNTY 

L*roi'.  Hinsdale '«  stateiiicnt  tliat  the  first  people  who  came  to  this 
Eeserve  were  not  so  religions,  so  .service-loving,  as  we  have  al- 
ways supposed  them  to  liave  been. 

Jjeonard  Case  is  authority  I'or  the  statement  that  Eev. 
Henry  Speers,  from  AVashington  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  JunC; 

1800,  preached  the  first  sermon  at  the  county  seat,  Warren.  This 
service  was  held  below  the  Lane  homestead,  on  what  is  now 
South  Main  street.  About  fifty  persons  were  present,  and  Lewis 
.Morris  Iddings  says:  "Lrobably  at  no  time  since  has  so  large 
a  proi>ortion  of  the  inhabitants  of  A¥arren  attended  church  on 
any  one  Sunday."  Mr.  Sjieers  belonged  to  the  Baptist  denom- 
ination. 

Jn  Die  I'all  of  L^Ol  l\cv.  Mv.  Badger  i-ctui-ned  to  Connecticut, 
and  in  1802  brought  his  household  effects  and  his  family  to 
northeastern  Ohio.  He  took  up  his  residence  in  Austinburg, 
built  a  log  cabin,  and  resumed  his  labors.  In  1809  he  went  east, 
severed  his  connection  with  the  Missionary  Society,  and  returned 
to  the  Reserve  to  continue  his  work.  He  had  received  seven  dol- 
lars a  week  in  the  beginning  from  the  Connecticut  Society,  but 
later  this  was  reduced  to  six  dollars.  He  was  a  Presbyterian 
in  creed,  im]iidsive  of  nature,  but  had  the  ability  of  controlling 
himself,  so  1hat  he  was  sup])osed  to  be  much  more  patient  than 
he  really  was.  Like  all  successful  ministers,  he  was  fond  of  tell- 
ing and  hearing  stories.  He  was  chaplain  in  the  war  of  1812 
luider  Harrison,  and  died  at  Perrysburg,  1846,  aged  89. 

The  first  church  built  in  old  Trumbull  County  was  at  Aus- 
tinburg. There  is  a  tale  oft  told  that  this  church  was  dedicated 
by  breaking  a  bottle  of  whiskey  over  its  spire,  but  if  this  was 
done,  it  was  not  done  with  the  consent  of  the  church  people,  but 
b>'  a  wag  of  a  sailor,  who  climbed  the  steeple  to  do  it  for  a  joke. 
This  eliureh  association  was  organized  October  21st,  1801,  and 
the  building  was  of  logs.    There  Avere  sixteen  charter  members. 

It  was  thought  that  the  second  church  was  organized  in 
Hudson  in  1802.     It  is  known  that  in  Mr.  Badger's  riding  in 

1801.  when  he  noted  the  irreligious  tendency  of  the  people,  he 
said  Hudson  was  the  only  spot  where  he  found  any  deep,  hearty 
religion.  Here  he  organized  a  church  of  ten  men  and  six  women. 
It  is  strange  that  these  two  first  churches  had  the  same  number 
of  charter  members. 

The  exact  date  of  the  organization  of  the  third  church  is  not 
known.  Most  writers  give  Warren  the  credit  for  the  third 
clnnvh.  but,  after  careful  investigation,  the  author  of  this  work 


(Loaned  by  W.    J.    Kerr.) 


JOHN    REEVES,    SR. 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COT'NTY  241 

thinks  the  tliird  ohiirch  was  iu  Yonngstown,  oi'ganized  iu  1801, 
with  Kev.  William  Wick  as  pastor. 

Tlie  fourth  church  (Baptist)  was  established  in  Warren  in 
1803.  The  Baptists  Avere  very  strong  in  Western  Pennsylvania 
and  Ohio  at  tliis  time. 

liiiptisi  CJnircli. 

As  stated  aliove,  Kev.  Henry  Speers.  a  Bai)tist,  ])reached 
the  tirst  sermon  in  Warren  on  ,lune  8,  1800. 

in  1801  Eev.  Thomas  (1.  Jones,  of  Shenango,  Pennsylvania, 
hegan  i (reaching  every  other  Sunday  in  Warren.  He  is  supposed 
to  be  the  first  minister  avIio  had  a  cliai'ge  in  the  limit  of  present 
Trumbull  County.  Space  will  not  ])ermit  the  naming  of  the 
formation  of  the  churclies  through  old  Trumbull  County.  Those 
given  liere  are  within  the  limits  of  the  present  boundaries. 

In  180;!  Isaac  Dally,  Effie  Dally,  Jane  Dally,  Samuel  Bur- 
nett. Nancy  Burnett,  John  Leavitt  Jr.,  Caleb  Jones,  Mary  Jones, 
Samuel  Fortner  and  Henry  Fortner  organized  a  church,  with  the 
Rev.  Charles  B.  Smith  presiding.  It  was  called  "The  Concord 
Baptist  Church."  and  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  was 
adopted.  Harry.  Xellie,  Winifred  and  George  Ewalt  are  de- 
scendants of  Isaac  Dally. 

During  that  year  (ISO.'!)  the  following  five  pei'sons  were 
added  to  membership:  Samuel  (L)uinby,  Samuel  Hayden,  Sophia 
liayden,  William  and  Martha  .Jackman.  For  two  years  after  the 
organization,  meetings  for  ]irayer  and  for  conference  were  held 
in  the  houses  of  the  members. 

Tn  180,j  Elder  Parklmrst,  of  the  M\\\  Creek  cliuicli  (Youngs- 
town)  )>reached  here  "and  received  into  the  chunh  !iy  baptism 
and  the  laying  on  of  hands"  John  Reeves,  John  Dally  and  wife. 
William  J.  Kerr,  in  "One  Hundred  Years  of  Bajili^t  History  in 
Wari'en,  ()hio."  says:  ".Tohu  Reeves,  at  whose  lionic  in  How- 
land  many  cluircli  meetings  and  ])reaching  services  were  held  in 
the  years  to  follow,  ])roved  to  lie  one  of  the  most  valuable  mem- 
bers tlie  church  ever  had.  He  was  a  member  until  liis  death. 
1851.  He  was  one  of  the  six  who  refused  to  leave  the  church  and 
faith  in  the  schism  of  1828.  In  the  year  1805  he  re])resented  the 
Concord  Baptist  church  as  a  delegate  to  the  ]\lahouing  Baptist 
Association,  held  in  Mill  Creek  (Youngstown).  He  ])resented 
the  letter  and  the  credentials  of  the  church,  upon  which  the  Con- 
cord churcli  was  received  into  the  Mahoning  Association." 


M-i  IIIS'I'OUY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

iu  1810  Adaius^oii  Beutley  ))ecauie  the  regular  pastor,  aud 
the  cougregatiou  gre\t  under  his  teachings  so  that  in  1821- '22  a 
church  was  built  on  High  street  where  the  Christian  church  now 
stands.  The  land  upon  which  this  church  stood  was  deeded  "by 
Ephraim  (^uinby  to  the  trustees  of  the  Baptist  church,  called 
Concord,  their  heirs  and  assigns,  to  be  used  for  Baptist  church 
purposes  only."  (Kerr.)  At  this  time  there  were  twenty-six 
members,  fourteen  of  whom  were  men.  "A  portion  of  tlie  church 
membership  was  in  Youngstown  and  vicinity,  and  for  three  or 
four  years  the  church  met  half  the  time  at  that  place." 

In  1815  thirteen  members  formed  a  new  church  at  Austin- 
town. 

The  early  sessions  of  the  Baptists  were  held  in  tlie  gi-oves 
when  the  weather  permitted,  in  the  house,  and  sometimes  in  the 
court  house.  In  summer  many  services  were  held  at  John 
Eeeves',  but  in  inclement  weather  iu  the  house  of  .Jeremiah 
Brooks.  The  largest  nvnnber  of  meetings  were  held  here.  This 
house  stood  about  where  the  Mahoning  Branch  (Erie)  railroad 
station  now  stands. 

In  1828  AValter  Scott  and  J.  C.  Mitchell,  "devout  followers 
of  Alexander  Campbell,  came  to  Warren  'to  besiege  and  take  the 
place.'  "  At  tirst  they  were  rather  coldly  received,  but  soon  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Bentley,  of  the  Baptist  church,  allowed  them  the  use  of 
his  edifice,  and  the  congregation  soon  taxed  the  capacity  of  the 
church.  Among  the  converts  made  were  almost  tlie  entire  mem- 
bership of  the  Baptist  church.  In  fact,  this  first  Warren  church, 
the  Baptist,  was  taken  possession  of  by  tlie  new  congregation. 

At  this  time  there  was  a  great  controversy  among  church 
people  as  to  the  right  form  of  baptism,  and  different  matters  of 
doctrine.  So  much  so  that  sometimes  ill  feeling  was  engendered 
between  members  of  the  same  family,  aud  l)etween  neighliors 
and  foraier  friends.  This  was  true  in  regard  to  the  Bai>tists  and 
the  l)isci])les,  although  no  more  so  in  these  two  churches  nf  War- 
ren than  in  all  churches  of  that  time. 

By  this  ett'ort  of  the  two  Disciples,  the  Bai>tist  society  was 
almost  lost  for  fifteen  years.  The  six  people  who  clung  to  the 
Baptist  faith  were  John  Reeves  and  wife  (Sarah  (^)uinby),  E])h- 
raim  Quinby  and  wife,  and  two  cUiughters. 

In  1834  seven  persons  met  at  the  home  of  Rphraini  (.Juinby, 
and  the  Baptist  church  was  reorganized.  Elder  Ja'cob  Morris 
being  the  presiding  officer.  John  Reeves  was  their  elected  clerk, 
and  held  that   office  for  many  vears.     Immediatelv  after  this 


(Loaned  by  W.    J.    Kfir.  ) 

BAPTIST   CHURCH    ON    PINE    STREET.   BUILT   IN    1845. 


HISTOIJV   OF  'I'lMMIil'l.L  (OUXTY  -IV.', 

orgcmization  foiii-  jiersous  were  received  into  the  climrli  li\    let- 
ter.   The  Rev.  ^Ir.  ^NTorris  became  the  pastor,  serviny  until  is;;(i. 

Tn  1835  a  resolution  was  passed  withdrawing  the  hand  of 
fellowship  from  all  who  hail  dejjarted  from  the  faith  of  the  regu- 
lar Baptist  ehureh  in  Warren,  calied  "Concord."  hi  this  same 
year  the  churoli  was  inoorjiorated.  In  LSoli  the  Concord  church 
united  with  the  Beaver  Baptist  Association,  of  Beaver,  I'euusyl 
vania,  and  three  years  later,  when  the  Trumbull  Baptist  .\ssocia- 
tion  was  formed,  it  united  with  that.  On  the  first  of  June  the 
same  year  a  Sunday  school  was  organized,  but  its  meetings  were 
not  always  regular. 

Rev.  Morris  was  followed  hy  Hev.  Kolla  .1.  Sniitli.  U'ev. 
.John  Winters  connected  himself  with  the  church  in  IS.'iS.  His 
daughter,  Eliza,  married  a  son  of  John  Reeves  8r.,  Lewis  R. 
Reeves.  They  moved  to  Iowa,  where  ^Ir.  Reeves  became  a  law 
partner  of"  8.  T.  ^liller,  in  Keokuk.  Air.  Reeves  died  there,  as 
did  also  Mrs.  Miller.  After  a  time  Eliza  Winters  Reeves  mar- 
ried Mr.  Miller,  and  later  Abraham  Lincoln  appointed  him  as 
one  of  tlie  justices  of  the  sui)i'eme  court.  Airs.  Miller,  l)ecause 
of  her  official  jiosition  and  mental  attainments,  was  one  of  the 
leaders  of  Washington  society.  She  never  foi'got  her  old  asso- 
ciates in  the  Baptist  churches  of  this  vicinity,  and  when  meeting 
M^arren  people  always  incpiired  about  them. 

During  Mr.  Winters'  administration  four  thousand  dollars 
W'as  j-aised  for  the  building  of  a  church,  Mr.  John  Reeves  having 
given  the  land.  It  stood  on  the  west  side  of  Pine  street,  between 
High  street  and  Mai'ket  street.  At  this  writing  it  is  still  stand- 
ing, but  it  is  in  a  very  dila))idateil  condition,  and  suggests  noth- 
ing of  its  early  ap])earance.  It  h;is  been  us(m1  as  a  >liop.  a 
laundry,  and  a  second-hand  store. 

During  ^Ir.  Winters'  admiiii~;tration  Xancy.  the  daughter  of 
John  Reeves,  afterwanls  .Mrs.  1.  X.  Dawson,  united  with  the 
chun'h  and  continued  to  be  a  member  for  luoi'c  than  fifty-six 
years.  She  was  one  of  W'.n-ren's  nu)st  respected  and  beloved 
citizens,  sweet  and  gentle  of  manner,  a  devoted  Avife,  a  loving- 
mother.  She  absolutely  lefused  to  take  any  pai't  in  any  difi'ei-- 
ings  or  dissensions  which  came  into  the  church,  and  stood  as  a 
living  example  of  her  Master's  teaching,  "that  ye  love  one  an- 
other." The  Chrnnich  of  September  5,  18-1:3,  gives  notice  that 
the  Baptist  Association  of  Trumbull  County  will  meet  in  the 
Methodist  K])iscoi)al  church  the  following  (lay,  polder  Hall  to 
preach. 


244  HISTORY  OF  Tljr:\[BrLL  COUXTY 

Rev.  Lewis  Uanstead  became  pastor  iu  1849,  and  remained 
four  years.  lie  was  popular  and  energetic,  and  many  ])eople 
lironglit  into  the  church  through  liis  effort  were  long  thereafter 
conscientious  and  faithful  workers.  Only  one  of  this  numlier  is 
now  living,  Mrs.  Abbie  Haymaker.  Rev.  John  D.  Meeson 
served  from  1852- '56. 

Rev.  E.  T.  Bro\vii  began  his  work  in  185(),  and  in  1859  lie 
and  Elder  Knap])  conducted  gos])el  meetings  and  fifty-seven  peo- 
j)le  were  baptized.  .Vt  this  time  the  Baptist  church  was  the  iinest 
church  in  tlie  cit\-,  and  the  largest  number  of  young  men  were 
members  of  the  congregation. 

This  church  has  sent  out  i)ut  one  missionary,  Miss  Sarah 
A.  Fuller,  who  married  Rev.  ^Ir.  Satterly,  going  with  him  to 
India.  Mr.  Satterly  died  two  years  later  of  cholera,  and  Mrs. 
Satterlv  died  on  her  homeward  trip  and  was  buried  at  sea. 

Alien  O.  Fuller  and  John  T.  Wilson  followed  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Brown.  Rev.  George  Pierce  served  the  congregation  for  tliree 
years.  He  was  succeeded  in  1869  by  Rev.  Robt.  Telford.  During 
Mr.  Telford's  administration,  in  1870,  Rev.  George  Balcomb,  an 
evangelist,  held  special  meetings.  At  this  time  forty-five  people 
were  converted  and  baptized.  The  services  created  great  excite- 
ment, and  the  evangelist  did  not  have  the  approval  of  conserva- 
tive church  men  or  of  liberal  citizens. 

Rev.  J.  P.  Stevenson,  who  served  aliout  three  years,  was 
very  poinilar  with  his  church  and  with  Warren  people  generally. 
He  married  Nellie  Brooks,  who  was  a  grand-niece  of  Jeremiah 
Brooks,  at  whose  house  the  early  church  services  were  held.  Her 
grandfather  was  Oliver  Brooks,  whose  house  on  South  street 
is  still  standing  back  of  the  first  site.  Her  father  was  James 
Brooks,  who  did  Inisiuess  on  ^Market  street  fifty-six  years.  She 
was  a  fine  scholar,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1873.  ^Ir.  Steven- 
son married  for  his  second  wife  Miss  Florence  Tyler,  daughter 
of  N.  B.  Tyler,  and  they  now  reside  in  Des  Moines,  he  being  dean 
of  the  college  there.  Mr.  Stevenson's  place  was  supplied  tem- 
porarily by  Rev.  A.  G.  Kirk,  of  New  Castle,  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  followed  by  Rev.  W.  T.  Whitmarsh,  who  served  until  1879, 
ard  soon  thereafter  became  an  E])iscopalian. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Hutson,  who  served  from  1879  to  1885,  was  one 
of  the  most  popular  men  in  the  church's  history.  He  interested 
men,  and  under  his  leadershi])  the  church  grew  in  every  way. 

Hev.  J.  S.  Rightnour,  1).  1)..  served  from  188.5  to"  1890. 
During  these  years  ])reparaticns  were  made  for  the  building  of 


HISTOliY  OF  TUrMBL'LL  ^OU^■'rV  -.Mo 

a  new  chiiirli.  A  lot  was  purehased  from  Dr.  Lyiiinii  near  the 
corner  of  Park  avenne  on  High  street. 

Rev.  William  Codville  followed  Mr.  Riglitnoui-  in  ISDO.  and 
in  1891,  Aiignst  olst,  gronnd  was  broken  for  a  new  chiircli. 
Here,  for  the  first  time,  so  far  as  is  laiown,  women,  who  through 
all  ages  since  the  time  of  Christ  have  aided  in  every  way  His 
Church,  were  recognized  in  the  preliminary  services  of  the  build- 
ing of  a  church.  "The  first  shovel  of  dirt  taken  up  was  jiassed 
to  Mrs.  Uriah  Hntchins,  who,  in  turn,  passed  it  to  Mrs.  l*h()el)e 
Sutliff,  then  to  Elizabeth  Quinby  Stiles,  and  so  on  down  the 
line." 

The  name  of  the  church  was  changed  in  189o  from  C'oncord 
to  the  First  Baptist.  On  this  date  the  Baptist  church  of  Mecca 
united  with  the  Warren  church.  The  First  Baptist  cliurch  was 
dedicated  in  September,  1894,  and  the  total  cost  was  .$2o,000, 
and,  as  late  as  1898,  $9,500  was  still  due  on  it.  In  January,  1900, 
this  debt  was  paid.  Since  that  time  $1,000  has  been  spent  in  im- 
provements. 

The  house  wliich  had  been  occupied  by  Dr.  Lyman  was 
moved  to  the  west  of  the  lot,  and  now  serves  as  the  home  of 
the  ministei'. 

Rev.  Chester  F.  Ralston  succeed  Dr.  Codville.  He  was  a 
man  of  liberal  views,  and  was  successful  in  his  work.  Rev.  F. 
Q.  Boughton  followed  Mr.  Ralston,  and  Rev.  W.  E.  Barker  is  the 
present  pastor. 

Among  some  of  the  old  and  prominent  families  connected 
with  tlie  Ba]3tist  church  we  find  the  names  Quinby,  Reeves.  Tyler, 
Sutliff,  Haymaker,  Fuller,  Park,  Stiles,  Griswold,  Dawson,  Tut- 
tle,  Hoyt,  Gillmer  and  Harmon.  Facts  in  regard  to  these 
families  are  to  be  found  elsewhere. 

The  church  is  now  in  a  prosperous  condition.  About  two 
j^ears  ago  Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  A.  G.  Ward  j^resented  the  congregation 
with  a  beautiful  organ. 

This  is  not  the  place  to  make  personal  mention  of  late  mem- 
bers of  the  church,  but  we  make  an  exception  in  the  case  of  Mr. 
George  Day,  who  was  one  of  the  stanchest  supporters  of  the 
church  for  many  years,  and  who  was  likewise  a  faithful  citizen. 
He  has  but  lately  passed  away;  we  cannot  but  think  of  him  as  we 
write  the  facts  connected  with  the  church  where  he  so  long  served 
as  officer  and  instructor. 

Among  the  prominent  men  who  have  been  sui^erintendents 
of  the  Sunday  school  are  I.  N.  Dawson,  U.  H.  Hutch  ins,  R.  S. 


•>u\  His'i'OKY  OF  'ri!r:\iP.i"LL  ^ou^'TY 

Parks,  (i.  U.  Griswold,  .1.  ('.  Uniiiev.  K.  A.  Parmer,  George  E. 
J)ay  and  G.  W.  Byard. 

Tlie  |)resent  officers  <it'  tlic  rliui-cli  are: 

Cli-rk,   W.  ,r.  Kerr. 
Fiaanciul  St'cri't;irv,  li.  i'.  McCoy.  Treasurer,  Al.  G.  AVard. 

Board   of   Deaeons : 
M.  J.  Sloau.  W.  A.  Heakl.  K.  T.  Meade, 

W.  J.  Kerr,  Charles  Miller,  A.  G.  Judd. 

Trustees : 
W.  A.  Heald,  A.  G.  Judd,  J.  B.  Phillips. 

Grant  W.  Byard,  (i.  R.  Bateheller, 

Finance   Board : 
.T.  C.  Oriole,  A.  G.  Ward.  A.  1).  Griffith. 

W.  G.  Hurlbiirt.  W.  .1.  Kerr. 

P lesbiltcridu  Cliiircli. 

The  Missionary  ISociety  of  Coiinet'ticut  iustriieted  Rev. 
.Joseph  Badger,  tlie  missionary  elsewliere  referred  to,  a  Presby- 
terian, to  preach  in  Warren.  Tiiis  he  did  in  the  homes  of  the 
different  settlers,  as  did  also  Rev.  William  Wick  of  Youngstown 
and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Tait  of  western  Pennsylvania.  A  Congrega- 
tional clinrch  under  the  Union  ])lan  was  organized  on  the  19th  of 
November,  1803,  nnder  the  name,  ''The  Church  of  Christ  in  War- 
ren, Ohio. "  The  following  six  persons  were  the  organizing  mem- 
bers: Thomas  Prior,  Betsey  Prior,  Thomas  Ross,  Rosalinda 
Ross,  Polly  Land  and  Elizabeth  Davison.  So  far  as  we  know  no 
descendants  of  these  early  Presbyterians  are  now  living  in 
Warren  except  Mrs.  H.  C.  Baldwin,  Miss  Mary  and  Mr.  S.  C. 
Iddings.     Elizabeth  Davison  was  their  great-aunt. 

In  the  organization  of  churches  at  that  early  day,  wiiat  was 
called  a  "plan  of  union"  was  frequently  adopted,  and  churches 
consisted  of  members  from  both  the  Presbyterian  and  Congre- 
gational bodies.  The  original  document  said  that  tliey  were  sol- 
emnly charged  to  "keep  the  covenant  with  each  other,  looking- 
for  Divine  assistance  to  the  great  Head  of  the  Clnir<'li.  to  wiutse 
grace  they  were  committed." 

From  ISOi)  to  1808  Rev.  Jonathan  Leslie  was  an  occasional 
supply  for  the  Church  of  Christ,  Warren.  In  1804  Thomas  Rob- 
bins  was  chosen  moderator.  The  Rev.  James  Duncan  acted  as 
stated  supply  for  two  yeai-s.  In  1817  the  Hamjishire  ]\lissionary 
Society  of  Massachusetts  sent  as  missionary  Rev.  Joseph  Curtis, 
and  he  was  reguarly  installed  in  1820.  He  was  a  faithful  pastor, 
and  the  church  ])rospered  under  his  ministry.  He  ceased  his 
ser\-ice  because  of  failing  health.    It  was  not  until  October,  1808, 


(Loaned   by   the  Tribune.) 


PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH. 


HISTORY  OF  Ti.TMKrLL  COUNTY  347 

that  they  Jiad  a  reguhir  pastor,  and  even  then  he.  the  h'ev.  .hunes 
Boyd,  alternated  between  Newton  and  Warren. 

During  the  years  from  ISoH-lSGO  there  was  a  division  in 
the  Presbyterian  denomination  Ifnown  as  the  "old"  school  and 
the  "new."  (This  same  division  occurred  under  other  names  in 
other  denominations.)  The  Warren  church  in  those  years  be- 
longed to  the  Presbytery  of  Trumbull,  and  the  Synod  of  the 
Western  Reserve  was  atfiliated  with  the  "new"  school.  The 
W^arren  church  has  lived  to  see  not  only  the  union  of  the  "old" 
and  the  "new"  school  in  187U,  but  the  healing  of  the  Cumber- 
land division  in  UlOli  and  the  di'awing  together  of  all  denomina- 
tions. 

March  1,  l8oU,  the  lot  on  which  the  Presbyterian  church 
now  stands  was  sold  to  Simon  Perkins,  Zalmon  Fitch,  Asael 
Adams,  possibly  others,  by  Charlotte  Smith,  for  $(iO(l.  The  deed 
states  that  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  obstructions  to  the 
view  and  preventing  destruction  by  fire,  no  building  should  be 
south  of  or  near  the  proposed  church  building. 

•Josiali  Soule,  the  gi-andfather  of  ]\Irs.  Howard  Weir,  helped 
to  build  this  structure.  The  chui-ch  was  dedicated  in  1832,  Eev. 
Charles  B.  Storrs  preaching  the  sermon,  and  the  C'ongregational 
form  of  government  was  changed  to  Presbyterian  in  1838.  In 
1845  it  was  incoriiorated  under  the  name  of  "The  Fii-st  Presby- 
terian Church." 

In  184f)  the  church  was  repaired  and  improved  and  the 
next  year  the  lecture  room,  which  was  used  for  Sunday  school 
and  for  many  church  meetings,  was  erected  north  of  the  church. 
This  house,  at  the  time  the  new  church  was  built,  was  moved,  and 
it  now  staiids  on  the  west  side  of  Mahoning  avenue,  just  north  of 
tlie  water  works  station.  It  is  used  as  a  dwelling  for  two 
families. 

The  old  church  edifice  served  its  purpose  until  1875,  when 
it  was  torn  down  to  make  room  for  the  present  Imilding.  The 
church  organization,  a  strong  one  in  the  beginning,  has  at  times 
stood  still  as  far  as  membership  was  concerned,  but  of  late  years 
has  grown  phenomenally,  and  is  now  one  of  the  strongest  in 
the  city. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  Presltyterian  church  Mr.  Simon 
Perkins  and  Frederick  Kinsman  purchased  for  use  in  that 
church  a  violoncello.  Mr.  Ide,  a  partner  of  W.  M.  Porter,  then 
a  bookseller  with  a  store  where  Masters  Bros,  now  is,  played 
this  instrument.     A  goodly  number  of  people  in  the  church  dis- 


248  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

approved  of  this  kind  of  music,  aud  Mr.  Thomas  Pew,  au  uncle 
of  H.  S.  and  Jolm  A.  Pew,  with  a  number  of  followers,  went  to 
the  Methodist  church.  They  said  they  did  not  have  to  have  a 
fiddle  to  help  worship  God.  During  the  '5Us  this  instrument  was 
played  by  Junius  Dana. 

The  bell  in  the  present  Presbyterian  chui-ch  is  the  oldest 
church  bell  in  the  city.  It  was  bought  in  1832  by 
George  Mygatt,  aud  was  the  only  bell  Warren  had 
for  many  years.  It  announced  the  joys  and  the  sorrows; 
it  called  out  people  in  case  of  danger,  fire,  etc.;  it 
was  employed  to  wake  people  at  six  o'clock  in  the 
morning  and  to  tell  them  that  it  was  nine  o'clock  at  night;  it 
was  rung  when  the  people  were  called  together  in  the  interests 
of  the  Ashtabula-Warren  turnpike;  when  the  question  of  the 
academy  was  to  be  discussed,  and  when  the  Ohio  and  Pennsyl- 
vania Canal  question  was  agitated.  In  case  of  death  this  bell 
used  to  toll  slowly  the  number  of  strokes  announcing  the  age 
of  the  person  dead.  It  was  used  for  the  last  time  in  a  general 
public  way  to  ring  in  the  Fourth  of  July  of  Centennial  year, 
and  in  a  local  public  way  when  the  voters  in  1908  decided  to  per- 
mit no  saloons  in  Trumbull  County. 

The  old  church  edifice  stood  very  high.  There  was  a  long 
flight  of  steles  leading  up  to  it.  The  pulpit  was  high  and  the 
ceiling  was  high.  To  childish  eyes  the  latter  seemed  quite  near 
the  sky.  The  pews  had  doors  which  swung  open  and  shut  with 
more  or  less  noise ;  in  fact,  the  watching  of  these  doors  and  the 
listening  to  the  music  was  about  all  the  attraction  the  old  church 
offered  to  children.  The  aisles  were  decidedly  inclined — so  much 
so  as  to  make  the  elderly  and  the  fat  breathe  hard  as  they 
climl)ed  them.  Two  huge  cannon-stoves  stood  by  the  doors,  but 
the  lieat  from  them  made  little  impression  on  the  air  of  the  large 
room.  Foot-stoves  were  used  there  within  the  recollection  of 
many  residents  of  Trumbull  County.  Miss  Anne  Brown,  of 
North  Bloomfield,  as  a  little  child  was  a  visitor  in  the  family  of 
Leicester  King.  She  says  she  used  to  tease  to  prej^are  Mrs. 
King's  foot-stove  for  her  use  in  church.  Mr.  Whittlesey  Adams, 
the  oldest  living  member  of  this  church,  who,  when  quite  young, 
accompanied  his  mother  to  church  each  Sunday,  remembers  that 
he  always  carried  the  foot-stove,  and  that  when  his  mother's  feet 
were  warm  so  that  she  could  spare  it,  she  lifted  it  over  the  pews 
to  the  people  near  her  who  had  driven  some  distance  to  church 
and  who  had  no  foot-stove.    Mr.  Adams  savs  he  remembers  well 


HISTORY   OF  TRIMBILL  COUNTY  249 

the  people  attendiug  that  early  ciiurch,  and  no  picture  is  any 
more  vivid  to  him  than  that  of  General  Simon  Perkins,  who  wore 
a  military  cape  lined  with  scarlet,  and  on  cold  days,  in  chnrcii, 
wrapped  one  end  of  it  around  his  head. 

Among  the  early  influential  families  attending  this  church 
we  find  the  names  :  Kinsman,  Adams,  Perkins,  Iddings,  Dickeys, 
Dana,  Estabrook,  Stiles,  ;\JcLain,  Stratton,  Fitch.  Ahell,  Spear, 
Harmon,  Howard,  Woodrow,  Harrington,  Davisons,  and 
Porter. 

Churches  are  somewhat  like  families  in  that  they  have 
serious  squabbles  and  differences,  important  only  to  the  mem- 
bers, and  which  are  kept  from  the  world  so  far  as  possible.  ]\[ost 
families,  most  churches  haA'e  them,  so  none  of  us  need  feel  dis- 
graced when  ours  are  referred  to. 

Rev.  Nathan  Purinton,  who  was  pastt)r  of  the  church  from 
1840-1848,  was  a  progressive  man,  and  built  up  the  church  rap- 
idly. At  one  time,  November,  1841,  seventy-seven  people  joined 
the  church,  among  whom  was  Mr.  Whittlesey  Adams.  After  a 
time  Mr.  Purinton  ceased  to  please  his  peoj^le.  This  is  not  so 
recorded  in  the  church  record,  b\it  members  of  the  church  today 
wliose  fathers  and  mothers  were  then  active  remember  distinctly 
the  troul)le,  and  letters  and  papers  which  have  come  into  the 
Ijossession  of  the  writer  .substantiate  the  tales  of  today. 

One  of  the  early  mothers  in  the  Presbyterian  church,  writing 
back  east  to  her  family,  says: 

"I  presume  you  have  heard  from  some  other  letters  of 
the  great  conflict  we  have  had  for  several  months  past  with 
Mr.  Purinton,  our  minister.  Nothing  could  be  done  with  him 
but  to  starve  him  out.  He  is  gone  at  last,  very  reluctantly, 
to  St.  Louis.  A  rich  son-in-law  has  established  themselves 
in  mercantile  l)usiness.  He  will  not  be  likely  to  trouble  us 
any  more. ' ' 

Because  there  is  nothing  officially  recorded,  reports  vary  as 
to  the  cause  of  Mr.  Purinton 's  impeachment.  Opinion  is  divided. 
Some  informants  say  it  was  because  he  was  a  Mason,  or  sympa- 
thized with  the  Masons ;  others  that  he  chewed  tobacco.  Neither 
of  these  offenses  is  serious  enough  to  produce  a  like  result  today. 
Therefore,  whichever  it  was  is  immaterial;  probably  it  was 
something  doctrinal,  since  "the  letter  of  the  law"  has  created 
more  discomfort  to  others  tlian  Masonrv  or  tobacco. 


350  HISTOliY   OF  'riU'AIBrLL  COUNTY 

Tilt'  Rev.  William  C.  Clark  followed  Mr.  Purintoii.  He  was 
installed  in  1848  and  served  until  1853.  He  was  a  popular  man 
and  gave  up  work  l)e('ause  of  ill  health.  He  died  in  Detroit  in 
1870.'^ 

Four  men  served  tlu'  churcli  fiom  18().'!  to  1884,  Henry  Rich- 
ard Hoisington,  Benjamin  St.  .John  Page,  Nathaniel  P.  Bailey, 
and  Alexander  .Jackson.  Mr.  Hoisington  served  four  years,  was 
acceptable  to  his  people  and  during  this  time  more  than  a  hun- 
dred persons  united  with  the  church.  At  one  time,  under  his 
supervision,  noon-day  ])rayer  meetings  were  held,  conducted 
chiefly  b.y  young  men.  Rev.  Benjamin  St.  J.  Page,  who  followed 
Mr.  Hoisington  was  one  of  the  most  eccentric  and  sensational 
preachers  the  church  has  ever  had.  He  drew  outsiders  to  his 
meetings  by  giving  out  i)eculiar  subjects,  one  of  them  being,  the 
"Devil's  Fence."  He  and  the  Eijiscopal  rector  held  spirited  dis- 
cussions on  dancing.  Most  of  the  membej's  added  during  his 
administration  were  by  letter. 

Rev.  Nathaniel  P.  Bailey  served  the  church  about  ten  years. 
He  was  greatly  respected,  a  man  of  fine  presence,  and  ability. 
His  wife,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Comstock,  who  wrote  "Comstock's 
Philosophy,"  was  a  woman  of  education  and  refinement.  She 
and  her  children  entered  into  the  life  of  the  town  and  were  of 
great  assistance  to  Mr.  Bailey  in  his  work.  The  membership  of 
the  church  during  his  administration  was  329;  the  Simday  school 
had  about  350  members,  and  was  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Mr. 
Edward  S.  Kneeland  was  the  superintendent.  It  was  during  Mr. 
Bailey's  time  that  the  new  chi^rch  was  built  and  the  Ladies'  Aid 
Society  earned  $10,000,  which  was  used  in  the  building  and  fur- 
nishing. It  was  during  his  administration  also  that  the  first 
Woman's  Missionary  Society  was  organized.  There  were  but 
six  people  present  at  the  first  meeting.  Mrs.  Olive  Howard  was 
made  president.  Only  one  of  the  charter  members  now  survives, 
Mrs.  Polly  Stratton  Reid. 

Rev.  Alexander  .Jackson  came  to  the  church  in  1879  and  sev- 
ered his  connection  in  1884.  He  was  educated  in  the  Universities 
of  Glasgow  and  Edinburgh,  finishing  his  divinity  course  in  this 
country.  He  was  active  in  service,  forceful  in  preaching,  but 
dictatorial  in  manner  and  methods.  Although  the  people  of  Old 
Trumbull  County  were  largely  English  and  Scotch-Irish,  they 
do  not  take  kindly  to  the  spirit  of  these  countries,  and  in  Warren 
churches  Avhere  ministers  from  these  English  countries  have  had 


HISTORY  OF  TKUMHIM.L  COUN'J'V  251 

charge  tlu'ii'  ways  linvc  not  l)eeii  satisfactory  to  the  i)eoi)le  they 
serve.  ]\Ir.  Jackson  was  no  exception.  During  his  pastorate  the 
church  did  not  grow,  hut  this  might  liave  heen  the  ease  under 
any  niinistei-  l)ecaus('  tlicrc  is  apt  to  he  reaction  after  churcli 
huilding.  Mr.  .lackson  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  James  D. 
Williamson,  who  scrvcil  three  years  and  who  was  greatly  hon- 
ored and  io\'cd  hy  his  congregation.  He  was  cultured,  leflned, 
sympathetic  and  tactful.  His  congregation  regretted  very  much 
his  removal  to  Clexcland  in  ISSS.  He  was  educated  at  the  AVest- 
ern  Reserve  I'nivcisity  (then  Hudson  College)  and  u|)on  his 
reniovjd  recommended  a  college  friend,  the  Rev.  W.  L.  Swan,  to 
th(^  clinrcli.  Mr.  Swan  served  ten  years.  He  was  greatly  re- 
s]>ected,  and  did  good  work  in  all  directions. 

Rev.  Samuel  W .  McFadtlen  followed  ]Mr.  Swan.  He  was  a 
young  man  and  interested  young  i)eo])le  in  chui'ch  work.  He  was 
engaged  because  of  his  ability  as  a  ]ireaeher.  In  this  respect  he 
was  a  disappointment,  not  that  he  did  not  preach  well,  but  his 
sennons  had  nothing  unusual  ahout  tliem.  Since  leaving  War- 
ren he  has  grown  in  his  ])i-ofessioii  and  now  has  a  fine  church  in 
Seattle,  Washington. 

In  1!i()4  Rev.  Franklin  P.  Reinhold,  of  Windsor  Locks,  Cou- 
neciicut,  became  pastor  of  the  church.  He  has  been  the  most 
successful  minister  the  church  has  evei-  had.  lie  believes  that 
religion  to  lie  effective  nuist  be  ])ractical;  lie  believes  in  institu- 
tional churches;  he  believes  that  orthodoxy  needs  reforming;  he 
is  exceedingly  liberal  in  his  beliefs,  going  back  to  the  simple 
teachings  of  Christ,  trying  to  follow  those  teachings  himself,  and 
to  show  others  Iioav  to  follow,  lie  is  interested  in  the  civic  life 
of  the  connuunity,  and  raises  his  voice  iu  behalf  of  all  good  works. 
He  is  industrious,  zealous,  magnetic  and  has  the  power  of  con- 
veying these  attributes  to  tlie  members  of  his  congregation.  He 
is  respected  by  all  otliei'  jiastors  and  congregations. 

The  )>iesent  edifice  was  erected  in  l(S7n,  and  was  dedicated  iu 
1S7S  on  the  seventy-tiftli  anniversary  of  tlie  organization 
of  the  church  society.  Dr.  Evans,  of  Youngstown,  preached 
the  sermon;  Rev.  Hoisington  assisted  in  the  sendee. 
The  eldei-s  at  that  time  were:  Edward  Spear,  William 
Woodrow,  Samuel  Dickey,  Hezekiah  Peck,  Julius  King,  and 
Si)eucer  Parish.  Hezekiah  Peck  is  the  only  one  of  these  men 
now  living  in  Warren;  Julius  King,  the  only  other  living  mem- 
ber, resides  in  New  York.  The  church,  a  handsome  building, 
cost  $52,000.     There  are    three    memorial    windows,    the    iirst 


252  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COU^^TY 

erected  by  the  clinrcli  iii  inemoi'v  of  Mary  Bishop  Perkins,  the 
second  presented  by  the  sons  of  Edward  Spear  in  memory  of 
their  fatlier,  and  the  third,  Miss  Estabrook's,  purchased  bj^ 
church  organization  and  friends.  Miss  Estabrook  conducted  for 
many  years  a  large  Sunday-  school  class  in  this  church.  She  was 
one  of  the  best  Biljle  scholars  of  this  vicinity  and  although  a 
teacher  in  our  schools,  a  member  and  officer  in  most  of  the  im- 
portant organizations  of  the  city,  her  first  thought  was  given  to 
and  her  best  work  was  done  for  her  church.  Her  death  in  1907 
deprived  the  Presbyterian  Association  of  a  most  valued  worker. 

Mrs.  Lucia  A.  1).  Park  was  one  of  the  later  members  of  the 
churcli  who  gave  her  thought  and  time  to  the  welfare  of  the 
organization.  She  was  particularly  interested  in  the  missionarj' 
work  of  the  church,  and  her  death,  which  occurred  just  before 
Miss  Estabrook's,  was  greatly  regretted  by  her  fellow  workers. 

The  church  has  had  twelve  regularly  installed  ministers,  and 
six  ministers  who  have  served  as  pul])it  supplies  for  i)eriods  of 
from  six  to  eighteen  months  each : 

1803-  Eev.  Joseph  Badger,  (^)rganizer. 

1803-05  Eev.  Thomas  Bobbins,  Supply. 

1805-08  Eev.  Jonathan  Leslie,  Supply. 

1808-13  Eev.  James  Boyd. 

1813-16  Eev.  James  Duncan,  Supply. 

1817-31  Eev.  Joseph  AV.  Curtis. 

1831-32  Eev.  George  W.  Hulin,  Supply. 

1832-34  Eev.  J.  A.  Woodruff,  Supply. 

1834-39  Eev.  Josiah  Towne. 

1839-48  Eev.  Nathan  B.  Purinton. 

1848-63  Eev.  William  C.  Clark. 

1863-67  Eev.  Henry  E.  Hoisington. 

1867-68  Eev.  Benj."st.  John  Page,  Supply. 

1869-79  Eev.  Nathaniel  P.  Bailey,  D.  D. 

1879-84  Eev.  Alexander  Jackson,  Ph.  D. 

1885-88  Eev.  James  D.  Williamson,  D.  D. 

1888-98  Eev.  William  L.  Swan. 

1899-03  Eev.  Samuel  W.  McFadden,  D.  D. 

1904-  Eev.  Franklin  P.  Eheinhold. 

In  the  early  churches  the  question  of  selling  pews  was  one 
which  called  forth  much  discussion.  Church-goers  always  felt 
and  still  feel  that  it  is  hardly  right  to  own  pews  and  yet  it  is 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBrLL  COUNTY  ;i53 

trying  for  people  who  are  realh-  interested  in  church  work  not 
to  have  a  seat  on  the  very  occasions,  nnusual  services,  when  it 
is  most  wanted.     The  Chnniicle  of  1844  contains  the  following: 

"Notice  is  hereby  given  to  all  who  may  wish  to  attend 
divine  services  at  the  Presbyterian  church  in  Warren,  hav- 
ing no  seats  of  their  own,  that  they  are  invited  and  requested 
to  take  seats  wherever  they  may  find  one  vacant,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  those  who  have  been  detained  from  the  House  of 
God  by  the  aforementioned  cause,  will  banish  those  feelings 
.     and  accept  the  invitation  so  cordially  given. 

"By  request  of  the  stockholders  at  their  yearly  meeting. 
January  1.  1844." 

In  the  Whici  £  T lanscy'ipt  under  date  December  29,  1853,  we 
read  "The  pews  of  the  Presliyterian  church  were  offered  for 
sale  to  the  highest  bidders." 

The  following  item  shows  humor  on  the  part  of  an  editor: 
A  baby  was  found  on  the  Presbyterian  cln;reh  stei)s  the  1st  of 
December,  1861,  and  the  editor  of  the  Clironiclp  says  "whoever 
lost  such  an  article  can  call  at  the  (.'ounty  Tiitirniai'v  and  ])i'ove 
the  property." 

Samuel  Dickey's  family,  his  jiarents,  his  children,  liis  grand- 
('hildren  have  all  been  ardent  Presbyterians.  Nancy  Dickey,  the 
mother  of  Samuel,  in  a  letter  to  her  friends  in  New  Hampshire 
tells  all  about  their  life  in  their  home,  both  the  new  one  and  the 
old,  about  their  neighbors,  and  especially  about  their  grand- 
child. Of  their  neighbors  she  says:  "Rev.  DuBois  (Episcopal) 
is  an  excellent  man  and  one  of  the  very  best  of  neighbors.  *  *  * 
There  have  been  donation  parties  this  winter.  Mr.  Clark  (Pres- 
byterian) had  about  $120  worth  carried  in.  The  Methodists  and 
Baptists  each  had  about  the  same.  Mr.  DuBois  is  rich.  He  car- 
ries in,  or  sends  in,  to  the  rest."  Mr.  Bailey  was  the  first  of  the 
Presbyterian  ministers  who  did  not  depend  somewhat  u])on 
being  paid  by  gifts  of  hams,  potatoes,  wood,  etc.  Under  the  date 
of  June  14,  1850,  she  says:  "Our  church  has  been  thoroughly 
repaired,  painted,  and  carpeted,  shade  trees  set  out  around  it 
and  is  now  being  enclosed  with  a  ]iretty  board  fence.  All  of  the 
churches  here,  except  two.  now  have  l)ells."  Then  the  grand- 
mother's tenderness  shows  itself  in  the  following,  "Edward 
(Samuel's  son)  is  now  two  years  and  eight  months  old:  cannot 


354  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

talk  very  plain.  lie  learned  his  a,  1),  c's  in  a  week  and  is  now- 
reading  words  of  three  letters." 

In  November,  1908.  the  Presbyterian  church  celebrated  the 
105th  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  church  in  AVarren, 
and  the  thirtieth  anniversary  of  the  dedication  of  the  ]iresent 
church  building. 

Letters  were  read  from  people  formerly  identified  with  the 
church,  and,  as  the  names  of  the  ministers  who  had  served  the 
church  were  called,  the  people  who  joined  under  that  administra- 
tion arose.  After  this  roll  call,  communion  was  served  to  the 
hirgest  number  of  communicants  within  the  history  of  the 
church. 

One  of  the  workers  of  twenty-five  years  ago  in  the  Presby- 
terian church  was  Julius  King.  His  mother,  lovingly  known  as 
'.'Auntie  King,"  was  a  devoted  church  woman.  She  was 
a  daughter  of  Jesse  Halliday,  the  pioneer.  Mr.  King  was 
not  only  active  in  the  church  but  in  the  Sunday  school.  He  and 
his  wife  were  im])ortant  factors  in  the  church  work.  During  his 
time  the  different  churches  in  Warren  took  turns  holding  serv- 
ices in  the  district  sehoolhouses  nearby  the  city.  On  one  occa- 
sion Mr.  King  was  conducting  a  service  in  the  Howland  school- 
house,  near  the  Reeves  and  Ewalt  farms.  He  had  chosen  for  the 
lesson  the  chapter  containing  the  statement  about  the  rich  man 
and  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven.  He  had  read  this  verse,  and  was 
ex])laining  that  it  did  not  mean  exactly  what  it  said,  namely  that 
no  rich  man  could  enter  into  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  since  no 
camel  could  go  through  the  eye  of  a  needle,  but  that  there  was  in 
the  wall  of  Jerusalem  a  passage-way,  or  gate,  known  as  the 
Needle's  Eye,  .md  that  a  loaded  camel  could  get  through  that 
oi)ening  by  having  its  burdens  removed,  by  kneeling  down,  and 
by  having  someone  pull  and  someone  push.  This  seemed  to  be 
satisfactory  to  most  of  the  persons  present,  but  a  gentleman 
named  French,  clearing  his  throat,  spake  as  follows:  "Well, 
Brother  King,  it  seems  to  me  even  with  your  explanation,  that 
it  takes  a  deal  of  pushin'  and  a  deal  of  pullin'  to  get  a  rich  man 
into  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  "  The  author,  who  had  been  inter- 
ested in  these  rural  meetings,  having  assisted  in  some  of  the 
services  of  her  own  church,  and  having  come  to  this  meeting  to 
see  how  other  denominations  conducted  theirs,  laughed  out  loud 
and  slid  out  the  door  near  which  .she  happened  to  be  sitting. 
What  the  rest  of  the  discussion  was  is  not  knoAvn,  but  sure  it  is 
that  Mr.  King,  from  good  business    management    and    honest 


IIIS'I'OK'Y   OF  'I'lMMl'.ILI.  (Ol   XTV  255 

effort,  has  since  acc'iiiimlated  eiiuiigli  of  tlie  worldly  goods  to 
laake  him  nervous  about  this  verse,  if  he  still  l)elieves  as  lie  did 
then,  and  sure  it  is,  no  matter  how  he  believes,  his  life  has  been 
such  as  to  make  him  stand  a  better  clKUice  foi-  ejiteriuii  than 
many  of  his  fellow  men. 

Some  of  tile  earlier  records  of  the  chuicli  were  destroyed  in 
the  fire  of  ISfiO  which  swejit  the  lower  section  of  (lur  city.  Tlie 
Ijartial  rect)rds  show  that  1,365  ])ersons  have  joined  the  church 
on  confession  and  1,175  by  letter;  o7S  adults  have  been  bai)tized 
and  542  infants.  The  present  membership  of  the  church  is  67;> 
together  with  7li  additional  ])ersons  whose  names  are  on  the  re- 
served roll,  making  a  total  of  745.  The  oldest  living  member  of 
the  church  today  is  Mr.  Whittlesey  Adams.  He  .joined 
on  Sunday,  Xoveml)er  13,  1841,  in  connection  with  7(i 
other  persons  during  the  pastorate  of  the  Rev.  Nathan  B.  Purin- 
ton.  Since  1853  the  church  has  raised  for  benevolent  purjioses 
$89,764;  since  1865  it  has  raised  $170,453  for  congi'egational 
expenses.  Tlie  earliest  record  of  the  Warren  church  which  ay)- 
pears  in  the  minutes  of  the  general  assemlily  is  one  made  in 
1823,  a  contribution  of  two  (h)llars  toward  the  comiuissioiu'rs' 
fund.  At  that  time  the  church  was  a  member  of  the  Grand  IJiver 
Presbytery,  which  was  a  part  of  the  Synod  of  Pittsburg. 

The  fifth  anniversary  of  the  pastorate  of  Mi'.  Reinhold  oc- 
curred June  1,  1909.  During  his  ministry  the  organiza- 
tion has  had  a  steady  growth  in  its  membershi]).  over 
three  hundred  persons  having  been  received  into  the  church 
by  him.  The  church  is  now  the  second  hirgest  in  Ma- 
honing Presliytery  and  its  Bible  school  with  a  mem- 
bership of  ()1'0  also  occupies  the  second  ])hic('  among 
the  Bible  schools  of  tin'  Mahoning  Presbytery.  Its  Westminster 
Men's  Club,  organized  Se))tember  22,  1905,  was  the  lirst  cliiirch 
men's  club  in  AVarren,  and  its  contril)utions  to  the  enlarging  life 
of  the  church  and  the  city  easily  ccnistitute  it  one  of  the  strong- 
est church  organizations  in  this  part  of  Ohio.  Another  of  the 
unique  features  of  this  ciiurch's  life  is  the  sowing  school  for 
girls  which  lias  just  completed  its  iifth  year  of  work.  A  well 
defined  course  of  study  is  followed,  covering  a  period  of  three 
years  and  modeled  after  the  course  in  the  Pratt  Institute  of 
Brooklyn.  The  school  is  under  tlie  direction  of  Mrs.  Reinhold 
as  su])erinteudent  and  a  corps  of  eight  teachers,  and  thus  far 
fifteen  girls  have  completed  the  work  of  the  school  and  have  been 
graduated.     The  other  departments  of  the  church  having  to  do 


256  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBI'LL  COUNTY 

with  orgauizations  for  women  aud  organizations  for  young  peo- 
ple are  thoroughly  equipped  and  in  excellent  condition. 
The  present  officers  of  the  church  are : 

THE  SESSION. 

James  E.  Beebe.  George  W.  Kneeland. 

Franklyn  H.  Cannon.  Willis  J.  ilunson. 

James  A.  Estabrook.  George  M.  Smith. 

John  0.  Gorton.  Homer  E.  Stewart. 

Ered  C.  March,  Clerk.  Charles  F.  Walker. 

THE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES. 
H.  Samuel  Pew.  Edward  S.  Kneeland. 

William  Wallace. 

THE  PRUDENTIAL  COMMITTEE. 
Charles  F.  Walker.  Frank  A.  Millikan. 

John  B.  Estabrook. 

Ch  fist  Ch  u rch  (Episc opal) 

The  first  service  held  l)y  the  Episcopalians  in  AVarren  was 
in  1813.  The  Bev.  ]\rr.  Serle  conducted  it  and  i^reached  the  ser- 
mon in  the  court  house.  Bishop  Chase  also  held  service  in  the 
court  house  at  a  little  later  date.  At  that  time  there  were  two 
communicants  in  AVarren,  Mrs.  Lavinia  Kowe.  and  her  daughter 
Mrs.  Charlotte  Smith.  Mr.  Justus  Smith  came  to  AVarren  in 
1812  with  his  family,  and  Mrs.  Eowe  accompanied  them.  She 
lived  in  a  small  house  back  of  the  present  residence  of  Dr.  Sher- 
wood. Her  father  was  an  Episcopal  minister  and  was  lost  at 
sea  when  going  to  England  to  be  ordained.  At  that  time  the 
Anglican  church  had  no  bishoj)  in  America.  Mrs.  Eowe,  m 
pleasant  weather,  often  rode  her  horse  to  Canfield,  fifteen  miles 
distance,  to  attend  services.  The  early  bishops  and  clergymen 
who  visited  Warren  were  entertained  in  the  homes  of  Mrs.  Eowe 
and  ]\Irs.  Smith.  Mrs.  Eowe  was  the  grandmother  of  Henry  W. 
and  Charles  Smith.  Her  grandcliildren  were  brought  up  in  the 
faith  and  were  affiliated  with  her  church,  assisting  in  its  suijport 
b(>th  in  Yoimgstown,  where  her  granddaughter,  Maria  Tod, 
lived,  and  in  Warren.  Charles  Smith  was  a  vestr^^nan  of  Christ 
cliurch  for  inauy  years.  Her  great-grandchildren,  with  one  or 
two  exceptions,  were  communicants,  and  ])art  of  them  very  active 
as  workers  today,  while  one  great-great-granddaughter,  Sally 
Tod  Smith,  has  been  the  organist  and  soloist  at  Christ  church 
for  several  years. 

Mr.  Edward  A.  Smith,  writing  in  the  Union  Church  Neics, 
in  1891,  savs: 


.^ ^  -'  «*if'*'^ 


m      <?:, 


HISTOEY  OF  TllUilBULL  COUNTY  257 

The  parish  was  orgauized  by  the  Kev.  Mr.  Harrison,  in 
1836,  under  its  present  name,  (Christ  church,)  and  was  in- 
corporated by  an  act  of  the  legishiture  iu  1842,  by  petition 
]iresented  by  the  Hon.  Jolm  Crowell.  An  original  paper 
still  in  existence,  drawn  up  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  an 
organization  of  the  parish,  undated,  supposedly  1836,  reads 
as  follows : 

Wt'.  wliosc  unines  are  hereunto  aftixeil,  deeply  impressed  with  the  iiupor- 
tauee  of  the  Christian  religion,  and  earnestly  wishing  to  promote  its  holy 
influence  in  the  hearts  and  lives  of  ourselves,  our  families  and  our  neighbors, 
do  hereby  associate  ourselves  together  nnder  the  name,  style  and  title  of  the 
jiarish  of  Christ  church,  in  the  township  of  Warren,  County  of  Trumbull,  and 
state  of  Ohio,  and  b}'  so  doing  do  adopt  the  Constitution  and  Canons  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  diocese  of  Oliio,  in  communion  with  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  Warren. 

Signed: — .John  Crowell,  Jacob  H.  Baldwin,  wardens;  Edward  E.  Hoyt. 
Wm.  S.  Knight,  .John  Supple,  layman  Potter,  Henry  Curtiss,  vestry ;  Charles 
Wolcot,  Hiram  Baldwin,  .John  Veon,  il.  B.  Tayler,  Oliver  H.  Patch,  .James 
Hoyt,  .John  B.  Canfield,  Thos.  H.  Best,  John  L.  Frazier,  Henry  W.  Smith, 
Addison  Weatherbee,  Wm.  Johnson,  Samuel  Cliesney,  Edwin  Leffingwell,  E.  P. 
Eanney. 

^Ir.  Harrison  was  rector  of  the  parishes  in  Canfield  and 
in  Boardmau,  then  in  Trumbull  County,  and  gave  to  the 
church  here  some  oversight  and  an  occasional  service.  A 
subscription  of  a  small  sum  of  money  was  obtained  for  him 
in  acknowledgment  of  his  efforts,  in  April,  1837.  It  was 
signed  by  the  following  persons : — Jacol)  H.  Baldwin,  John 
Crowell, 'j.  D.  Taylor,  Lyman  Potter,  Wm.  S.  Knight,  Thos. 
H.  Best,  James  M.  Scott,  John  Veon,  Chas.  Smith,  Jonathan 
Tngersoll,  Heniy  "\V.  Smith,  Wm.  Pew.  John  Supple.  Addi- 
son Weatherliee  and  M.  B.  Tayler. 

After  this  time  there  seems  to  have  been  no  activity  in 
the  parish  until  the  summer  of  1841,  when  it  was  reorgan- 
ized under  the  Eev.  C.  C.  Townsend,  who  remained  in  charge 
for  two  years,  in  connection  with  that  of  St.  Mark's  church. 
Xewton  Falls.  The  names  of  the  vestry  at  about  this  time 
so  far  as  can  be  learned  were,  S.  D.  Harris  and  C.  J.  Van 
Gorder.  wardens;  John  Crowell.  Geo.  Parsons,  Jr.,  U.  B. 
^^^lite  and  Herman  Canfield,  vestrymen.  Services  were 
held  in  the  old  court  house,  and  on  one  Christmas  its  gloomy 
interior  was  adorned  with  evergreens. 

In  tlie  Whic/  <£■  Transcript  for  A])ril  5,  1842.  we  read,  "The 
wardens  and  vestry  of  Christ  church  will  hold  their  first  meeting 
under  their  charter  of  incorporation  at  the  court  house  on  Sat- 


258  HISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

iirday,  April  16,  1842,  at  2 :00  P.  IL  By  the  Order  of  the  Vestry. 
Cyrus  J.  VanGorder,  secretary." 

Between  the  administration  of  Rev.  C.  C.  Townsend  and 
Eev.  DuBois,  lay  services  were  held  in  Colonel  Hari'is'  paint 
shop,  which  stood  across  the  river  near  the  end  of  the  old  bridge, 
and  later  in  Mr.  Barley's  school  room,  the  King  Block.  The 
first  record  we  have  of  an  Easter  Monday  election  is  that  of 
18-16,  when  the  parish  register  tells  us  that  S.  D.  Harris,  U.  B. 
White  were  elected  wardens,  Wm.  H.  Weeks,  C.  J.  VanGorder, 
George  Parsons,  Jr.,  John  Crowell  and  William  G.  Barley,  ves- 
trymen. From  that  time  there  has  been  no  year  when  such  elec- 
tions were  not  held. 

In  1846  a  lot  at  the  corner  of  Liberty  street  and  Franklin 
alley  was  purchased  of  Br.  Blatchley.  In  September  the  corner- 
stone of  the  church  was  laid  without  any  formal  ceremonies. 
This  is  to  he  regretted  because  within  the  last  few  years  this 
building  was  razed  and  if  the  usual  papers  had  been  put  in  the 
coi'nerstoue  we  might  have  had  some  valuable  data  i^reserved  for 
us.  In  the  summer  of  1848  the  first  services  were  held  in  this 
church,  and  in  the  fall  of  1849  it  was  consecrated  by  Bishop  Mc- 
Ilvaine.  At  the  top  of  the  steeple  was  a  gilt  cross,  and  of  this 
the  bishop  did  not  approve.  It  is  said,  as  he  was  reviewing  the 
church,  he  remarked,  "Gentlemen,  you  better  remove  that,"  but 
his  advice  was  not  taken  and  this  emblem  remained  in  its  place 
as  long  as  the  steeple  stood. 

Shortly  after  the  consecration  the  Kev.  Mr.  BuBois  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  pastor.  His  wife  was  the  daughter  of  Bishop 
McI lvalue  and  both  he  and  she  were  cultured,  refined  people. 
Possibly  he  was  the  most  popular  pastor  the  church  has  ever 
had.  He  lived  on  the  west  side  where  his  neighbors  greatly  re- 
spected him.  He  had  a  boat  in  which  he  used  to  cross  the  river 
to  attend  to  his  chiirch  duties  and  other  business.  His  home  was 
the  center  of  society  as  far  as  church  people  were  concerned. 
Older  members  of  the  parish  have  related  to  younger  members 
the  delightful  times  the  early  Episcopalians  had  at  the  BuBois 
home.  He  organized  the  Sunday  school,  a  ladies'  aid  society 
and  called  together  people  of  the  parish  to  discuss  matters  per- 
taining to  the  parish.  Through  the  generosity  of  his  friends  in 
the  east  he  obtained  a  library  for  the  Sunday  school. 

The  service  of  the  Episcopal  church  is  usually  attractive  to. 
folks  outside  and  the  first  Christmas  eve  service  (it  is  doubtful 
if  the  other  Protestant  churches  at  this  time  considered  it  reli- 


HISTORY   OF  Tl!L'-\Ii!ULL  COUNTY  259 

gioiis  to  celebrate  (.'liristmas)  during  Mr.  DuBois'  administra- 
tion the  cliurt'h  was  beautifully  trimmed  with  evergreens  and 
the  music  was  remarkable.  Judge  lloft'niau  and  George  Seeley 
plaj'ed  the  violins,  Milton  Palm  the  bass  viol,  Zeb.  Weutworth 
the  trombone.  Dr.  James  A^anG order  the  French  horn,  and  Ed. 
Reeves  the  flute.  Of  these  musicians,  two  are  now  living,  Judge 
Hott'man  of  California,  aged  97,  and  Ed.  Reeves,  who  resides  at 
Mount  Clemens,  Michigan.  In  1853  Mr.  DuBois  resigned,  mov- 
ing to  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

As  a  rule  the  Episcopal  church  does  not  exist  in  I'ural  dis- 
tricts in  (Jliio.  Towns,  esijecially  county  seats,  are  largely  re- 
cruited from  the  country.  Consequently  the  Episcopal  church 
does  not  gain  members  as  do  other  churches  from  rural  districts. 
In  the  case  of  Christ  church  parish  a  large  percent  of  its  mem- 
bership has  drifted  into  the  cities,  and  although  large  classes  are 
confirmed  each  year  they  make  up  little  more  than  the  number 
lost  by  removals  and  deaths.  In  character  this  parish  is  one  of 
the  strongest  in  the  state,  but  its  parishioners  are  not  regular 
attendants  at  its  services  and  its  congregations  are  small. 

Bishop  Mcllvaine  was  one  of  the  strongest  characters  the 
church  has  liad  in  its  history.  He  was  tall,  straight,  magnificent 
in  appearance,  possessed  of  great  intellect,  and  oratorical 
powers.  lie  could  not  do  aught  but  impress  people  with  his  per- 
sonality. In  addition  he  had  great  executive  ability,  loved  jus- 
tice and  was  fearless  when  it  came  to  his  duty. 

Bishop  Bedell  was  greatly  beloved  by  Ohio  Episcopalians, 
was  an  exceedingly  spiritual  man,  his  presence  being  almost  like 
a  benediction.  He  was  scholarly,  interesting,  and  devoted.  He 
performed  his  duties  well  as  a  bishop,  imless  he  erred  a  little  in 
discipline.  Wiien  there  were  factional  quarrels  in  local  churches, 
as  there  used  to  be  in  most  local  churches  of  most  denomina- 
tions, particularly  when  they  were  small  and  struggling,  he  re- 
fused to  take  a  hand  or  to  issue  any  order  in  regard  to  it.  Shak- 
ing his  head  he  would  say,  ''You  must  settle  your  difficulties 
yourself." 

After  the  Rev.  Mr.  DuBois'  departure,  in  1853,  Christ 
church  had  no  rector  for  two  years.  Rev.  Joseph  E.  Ryan  then 
took  chai'ge  and  served  three  years. 

Rev.  Cornelius  S.  Abbott  was  very  popular  and  successful. 
In  1860  the  congregation  had  so  increased  under  his  management 
that  measures  were  taken  to  enlarge  the  building.  However, 
the  great  fire  changed  the  plans  and  when  the  matter  of  enlarge- 


260  HISTOIIY  OF  TIir:\rBrLL  COUXTY 

ment  wa.s  again  taken  ui),  in  the  snninier  of  1862,  it  was  decided 
to  build  a  new  church  iuf^tead  of  remodeling,  so  a  lot  on  High 
street  was  purchased  from  ]\lr.  J.  F.  Asper.  Mr.  J.  H.  Black- 
burn of  Cleveland  was  the  architect,  and  on  Ascension  day,  1863, 
the  cornerstone  was  laid  by  Bishop  Bedell,  assistant  bishop  of 
the  diocese,  aiding  the  rector.  Bishop  Bedell  also  consecrated 
the  building  in  April,  1865.  AVheu  the  building  conunittee  made 
its  report  of  monies  collected  and  bills  yjaid,  they  found  they  had 
$82.09  left,  which  was  tui'ued  over  to  the  church  treasury.  This 
is  such  an  unusual  condition  that  it  is  worthy  of  record.  One 
hundred  and  twenty-two  persons  contributed  to  the  building  of 
the  church,  and  of  the  amounts  pledged,  less  than  tifty  dollars 
was  found  not  to  be  collected.  This  too  was  a  remarkable  fact. 
Eev.  Cornelius  Abbott  was  rector  of  the  church  from  1858  to 
1867.  In  1864  the  church  on  Park  avenue  was  sold  to  the  Ro- 
manists. On  Easter  Sunday,  1864,  the  last  Sunday  services  were 
held  in  the  old  church,  and  Tuesday  evening,  of  that  same  week, 
was  the  last  mid-week  service.'  For  a  few  months  before  the 
new  church  was  entirely  tinished,  semnces  were  held  in  the  room 
over  Andrews  &  Weeks'  store. 

The  Rev.  Charles  T.  Steck  succeeded  Mr.  Abbott,  serving 
eleven  months.  For  a  little  time  thereafter  the  parish  was  with- 
out a  rector,  and  in  March,  1869,  Rev.  Henry  L.  Badger  took 
charge.  He  was  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments  and  gentle  man- 
ners, and  the  people  of  the  parish  were  very  much  disai^pointed 
when  the  bishop  of  Nevada  urged  him  to  take  up  the  missionary 
work  in  that  territory.  He  stayed  west  several  years,  but  the 
climate  was  not  at  all  agreeable  to  him  or  his  family,  and  later 
he  had  a  parish  in  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 

Rev.  Thomas  J.  Taylor  was  the  rector  from  October,  1871, 
to  April,  1873.  During  his  time  the  church  did  not  grow  or  even 
hold  its  own. 

Rev.  A.  R.  Kieft'er  was  the  next  minister  and  he  served  the 
longest  of  any  one  connected  with  the  parish.  He  was  energetic, 
able  and  ])ractical.  Under  his  administration  the  church  grew 
greatly.  Partly  because  of  ill  health  he  resigned  to  take  a  parish 
at  Colorado  Springs,  Colorado.  During  his  charge  a  rectory 
was  purchased,  which  now  stands  on  the  corner  of  Franklin  and 
Vine  streets,  and  the  parish  rooms  were  built.  He  was  rector 
at  Bradford,  Pa.,  for  many  years  and  furnished  the  author 
some  facts  for  this  chapter.  He  died  before  the  book  was 
issued. 


IIISTOItY  OF  TKU.MRrLL  COrXTY  261 

Rev.  James  A.  Mathews,  of  Arkansas,  took  up  the  work  in 
I880  and  oontimied  it  a  year  and  a  half.  P^'roni  AVarren  lie  went 
to  Illinois,  and  hitci'  to  Missmiri.  where  he  died.  Jh-  was  siic- 
oeeded  by  the  Kev.  11.  1^.  (ianihh',  who  served  al)ont  ,1  ye;ir.  Mr. 
Gamble  was  prohahly  the  h'ast  ]io]inlar  of  aii\-  minis- 
ter Christ  ehureh  lias  had.  He  went  to  Kuropc  for  a 
vacation,  and  while  he  was  none  members  of  the  clinrch 
made  some  needed  i-epairs.  The  walls  were  decorated, 
new  carpets  put  down,  the  tablets  at  the  l)ack  of  the  eiiiircli  \\\>nn 
which  the  commandments  and  the  Lord's  Pra>er  were  iiis(  lilieil, 
w^ero  removed,  and  a  l)eantifnl  stained-glass  window,  ]ireseiited 
by  the  children  of  Hon.  Frederick  Kinsman,  was  put  in.  .\p- 
pareutly  Mi.  Gamble  lielieved  the  minister  to  be  the  head  of  the 
church  and  felt  affronted  that  repairs  were  made  in  his  absence, 
for  we  find  in  the  parish  books  a  record  of  this  work  done,  end- 
ing with  "The  amdersigned  is  in  no  way  responsil)le  for  these 
changes  which  were  effected  during  his  al)sence.  JF.  Lansdowne 
Gamble." 

About  ]892  a  new  rectory  was  l)uilt  on  High  street.  (Jen- 
erous  donations  were  made  by  the  aunts  of  the  Misses  [Tall,  Mrs. 
Boardman  and  Mrs.  Wade,  of  Xew  Haven,  Connecticut,  who 
have  done  much  for  the  church. 

Some  years  since  a  chapel  which  was  not  consecrated  and 
which  is  used  for  Sunday  school  and  all  sorts  of  meetings,  social 
as  well  as  religions,  was  added  to  the  church  building  on  the  west 
side.  Very  recently  the  ladies  of  the  church  built  a  substantial 
lirick  house  for  the  janitor  in  the  rear  of  the  chui'ch.  wliii'h  adds 
considerably  to  the  church  propei'ty. 

In  the  church  ])roi)er  are  three  memorial  windows,  one  to 
Mr.  and  Airs.  Orlando  Morgan,  the  former  having  been  vestr>- 
man  of  the  church  for  many  years  and  the  latter  a  devoted 
church  woman  during  all  the  years  of  her  married  life.  One  to 
Lizzie  B.  Hunt,  a  successful  teacher  in  the  primary  department 
of  the  Sunday  school,  and  long  connected  with  the  church,  having 
come  over  from  the  Lutln'ran.  Probably  more  yomig  children 
were  brought  into  the  Sunday  school  and  later  became  church 
members,  through  Mrs.  Hunt's  influence  and  teaching,  than 
through  any  other  one  member  of  the  church.  The  sons  of  Fred- 
erick Kinsman,  as  above  stated,  placed  in  the  chance!  a  large 
beautiful  window,  in  memory  of  the  mother  and  father  who  wei-e 
among  the  most  faithful  su]iports  of  and  workers  in  the  <'hurch 
for  vears.     ^Ir.  Kinsman  was  vestryman    and    officer    in    the 


2G'3  HISTOTJY  OF  TUrilBTILL  COUNTY 

cliiircli,  gave  a  great  deal  i)f  time  and  thought  aud  much  money 
to  the  i^arish,  while  Mrs.  Kinsman  was  one  of  the  best  church 
workers  that  any  parish  ever  liad.  Botli  of  these  people  were 
not  only  beloved  in  the  cliurch  Imt  in  the  community.  At  the 
time  of  the  presentation  of  tliis  window,  Eev.  Frederick  Kins- 
man, their  grandson,  preached  the  sermon.  Lately  he  has  been 
made  bisho])  of  Delaware. 

Too  much  credit  camiot  lie  given  the  early  vestrymen  for 
the  condition  of  the  parish  of  Christ  church.  They  were  men  of 
good  education,  possessed  of  business  abiUty,  conscientious 
church  men,  and  exceedingly  generous  tinanciallj'.  At  the  end 
of  each  fiscal  year  always  they  made  up  a  goodly  amount  from 
their  own  pockets.  Among  these  were  John  L.  Weeks,  who  was 
lay-reader,  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school  and  always 
present  at  all  services ;  Mr.  John  H.  McCombs,  one  of  the  war- 
dens, who  was  always  at  his  place  on  Sunday  and  who  assumed 
much  responsibility;  Judge  George  F.  Brown,  who  at  the  close 
of  the  war  moved  to  Mississippi ;  ^fr.  Charles  Smith,  who  from 
the  very  beginning  was  connected  with  the  church,  as  his  mother 
and  grandmother  had  been  before  him;  Dr.  John  R.  Woods,  who 
acted  as  lay-reader;  Mr.  Orlando  ^Morgan,  who,  although  not  a 
commmiicant,  was  always  present  at  vestry  meetings  and  at 
church;  Lewis  J.  Iddings,  whose  daughter  Miss  Mary  has  been 
a  communicant  and  consistent  member  since  early  womanhood, 
and  whose  son,  Samuel,  is  now  junior  warden. 

Thomas  J.  McLain,  who  for  many  years  was  lay  reader  and 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school  as  well,  and  also  one  of 
the  wardens,  was  a  practical  Christian,  devoid  of  any  small  o] 
narrow  traits  of  character,  of  sunny  temperament,  and  full  of 
kindness.  When  he  left  the  city  to  enter  the  consular  service  of 
the  United  States,  the  parishioners  greatly  missed  him. 

None  of  these  men  are  now  living. 

Edward  A.  Smith  is  the  oldest  communicant  connected  with 
the  Episcopal  churcli.  He  came  to  Warren  in  IS-lfi,  attended  the 
early  services  which  were  conducted  by  Mr.  Harris,  and  has  been 
identified  with  the  church  ever  since.  He  is  now  senior  warden, 
having  been  elected  in  the  place  of  John  L.  Weeks,  in  1875;  he 
has  therefore  been  serving  in  that  capacity  for  thirty-four  years. 
Mr.  Smith's  oldest  son,  named  for  his  relative,  Frederick  Kins- 
man, is  one  of  the  vestrymen,  and  Mrs.  Smith,  all  through  her 
carlv  womanhood,   worked   in   the   several   societies,   while  the 


HI.STOKY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY  2G3 

daughters  have  been  comieeted  witli  both  eliurch  and  Sunday 
school  work  for  years. 

Among  the  names  on  the  parish  register  -wliieh  are  famiUar 
to  Trumbull  Count}'  jieople  were  the  names  of  Smith,  McCombs, 
Kinsman,  Freeman,  Hunt,  Baldwin,  Morgan,  Porter,  McNutt, 
Taylor,  Hucke,  Ratliff,  Packard,  Fitch,  Bierce,  Woods,  Heaton, 
Vautrot,  Iddings,  AVise,  McCounell. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  rectors  since  Christ  church  was 
organized :  Kev.  J.  L.  Harrison,  Rev.  C.  C.  Towne,  Rev.  Geo.  W. 
Dubois,  Rev.  Joseph  E.  Rvan,  Rev.  C.  S.  Abbott,  Rev.  Chas.  T. 
Speck.  Rev.  Henry  L.  Badger,  Rev.  Thos.  J.  Taylor,  Rev.  A.  R. 
Keifer,  Rev.  J.  A.'  ^Mathews,  Rev.  C.  W.  Hollister,  Rev.  Herbert 
D.  Cone,  Rev.  A.  A.  Abbott,  at  present  arch-deacon  of  the  dio- 
cese, and  Rev.  Henry  E.  Cooke,  who  has  recently  resigned  his 
position  to  devote  his  time  to  the  raising  of  the  AVilliam  A. 
Leonard  Bishop's  fund.  Rev.  James  S.  Sherin  has  at  this  writ- 
ing just  begun  his  work  as  pastor. 

The  present  bishop  of  this  diocese  is  William  A.  Leonard, 
who  was  so  long  rector  of  St.  John's  church  in  Washington,  at 
which  more  presidents  of  the  United  States  have  worshiped 
than  in  any  other  church  in  Washington.  LTuder  the  supervision 
of  Bishop  Leonard,  the  diocese  has  grown  greatly. 

The  present  officers  of  the  church  are  as  follows: 

Senior  warden,  Edward  A.  Smith ;  junior  warden,  S.  C. 
Iddings;  members  of  the  vestry,  Thomas  Kinsman,  Fred- 
erick K.  Smith,  E.  R.  Wise,  C.'W.  Tyler,  George  D.  Kirk- 
ham,  W.  George  Lane,  S.  R.  Russell,  H.  A.  Sherwood. 

Central  Chr'islhoi  Church. 

Thomas  Campbell  was  l)oin  in  Ireland  in  17(i3.  His  father 
was  a  strict  member  of  the  Church  of  England  and  Thomas  early 
showed  interest  in  religioiis  things.  The  formalities  of  the  Eng- 
lish church  did  not  satisfy  him  and  he  soon  began  to  associate 
with  a  branch  of  the  Presbyterian  church  which  had  seceded 
from  the  "Kirk  of  Scotland."  In  1787  he  married  Jane  Cor- 
ueigle,  a  French  Huguenot,  whose  ancestors  had  been  driven 
from  France  by  Louis  XIV.  She  was  gifted  with  a  strong  men- 
tal and  moral  character,  and  was  of  great  value  to  her  husband, 
Thomas,  in  his  life  work.  They  had  eight  children.  He  not  only 
preached,  but  taught  school,  and  the  extra  labor  impaired  his 


2G-i  inSTOIJY  OF  TnT':\rBrLL  corxTY 

health  so  a  sea  voyage  was  prescribed  for  him.  He  lauded  at 
Pliiladelphia,  but,  like  other  people  with  reform  natures,  he 
could  not  keep  quiet  and  began  preaching  in  Pennsylvania. 
Through  his  efforts  there  came  into  being  at  AVashington,  Penn- 
sylvania, the  "Christian  Association."  He  had  left  his  school  in 
the  hands  of  his  only  son  Alexander,  but  in  tlie  fall  his  family 
joined  him.  In  later  years  he  visited  the  Western  Reserve  many 
times,  especially  when  discord  or  misunderstanding  arose  among 
the  early  churches.  He  has  been  in  Warren,  as  this  church  was 
one  of  the  very  early  ones,  strong  from  the  lieginning.  His  son 
Alexander  w^as  born  in  Ireland  in  1788.  He,  however,  had  a 
mixture  of  Irish-Scotch  and  French  blood.  He  completed  his 
course  at  the  University  of  Glasgow.  Having  been  reared  in  the 
strictest  schools  of  the  Presbyterians,  he  had  a  profound  rever- 
ence for  the  word  of  God.  He  fitted  into  the  life  in  western 
Pennsylvania  where  his  father  settled  as  though  he  had  been 
born  in  this  country.  It  is  a  beautiful  thing  to  see  how  the  minds 
of  Alexander  and  his  father,  Thomas  Campbell,  ran  together; 
how  they  eschewed  creeds  and  taught  what  to  them  seemed  the 
simple  teaching  of  Jesus.  For  forty  years  he  published  a  paper 
which  at  first  was  kno-mi  as  "The  Christian  Baptist"  and  later 
"The  Millenial  Harbinger."  These  contained  editorial  essays. 
The  debates  between  his  father  and  John  Walker,  in  1820,  and 
between  his  father  and  W.  L.  ]\[cCalla  in  1823,  were  published  in 
this  magazine  and  did  a  great  deal  in  converting  people  to  what 
was  known  then  as  "the  simpler  faith."  Unlike  most  students, 
reformers,  and  preachers,  he  was  a  good  business  man.  Al- 
though he  traveled  and  preached  at  his  own  expense,  entertained 
in  his  own  home  hundreds  and  lumdreds  of  people  who  came  to 
see  him  in  dilTerent  capacities,  yet  he  accumulated  a  great  deal 
of  wealth.  He  established  the  college  at  Bethany  which  secured 
for  itself  a  national  reputation,  and  he  became  identified  with 
the  people  of  West  Virginia,  where  his  home  was.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature  in  1829,  acting  on  the  judiciary 
committee,  and  was  on  intimate  terms  with  Chief  Justice  Mar- 
shall, ex-President  Madison,  and  had  many  contentions  with 
John  KaudoliDh.  He  had  a  most  wonderful  personal  influence 
over  people  who  came  under  him,  but  he  never  seemed  to  care 
for  title  or  position.  The  doctrine  which  he  and  his  father 
taught  was  easily  espoused  by  the  liberally  inclined  settlers.  By 
outsiders  they  were  known  as  "Campbellites."  The  belief  of 
the  Christian  church  began  and  spread  from  the  Ohio  valley  into 


msi'OKY  OK  ■I'ldMiirLi.  corN'ry  -hi-) 

Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia  and  Kentnrky.  Alexander 
Campbell  held  no  offiee  higlier  than  elder  in  iiis  own  congrega- 
tion. He  has  been  in  Warren  often  and  his  grandson  (  W.  ( ". 
Pendleton),  liis  great-grandson  (Austin  Pendleton)  and  liis 
great-great-grandehildren  live  here,  also. 

Theology  lias  never  wholly  satisfied  ])ractical  ]ico)ilc.  Keli- 
gioii  lias.  Eaeli  seel  tliat  arises  and  lives  docs  so  because  its 
teachings  are  siniiilei-. 

The  earnest  Baiitist  iieojilc  wlm  founded  tlie  first  church  in 
Warren  liad  an  nnnsual  man  as  a  leader,  Adainson  Bentley.  It 
seems  that  he  did  what  hundreds  of  ministers  are  doing  today 
— studied  into  new  ideas  and  gave  those  same  ideas  to  his  con- 
gregation without  name,  until  they  believed  largely  as  he  be- 
lieved. He  had  occasion,  after  he  had  rend  the  discussions  of 
Alexander  Campbell  with  some  early  divines.  Walker,  McCalla, 
etc.;  to  go  into  Kentucky  on  business.  He  either  made  an  excuse 
or  accidentally  stopi)ed  at  the  West  Virginia  liinne  of  Alexander 
Campbell  on  his  return  and  there  imbilied  more  of  the  thought 
which  seemed  rational  to  him,  and  this  in  turn  he  gave  his  peo- 
ple. In  the  days  of  ^fr.  Bentley  peo]ile  could  not  afford  to  pay 
a  minister  a  snfificient  sum  for  his  supjiort  and  so  ministers  en- 
gaged in  other  occupations  often.    [Mr.  Bentley  was  a  merchant. 

Although  Thomas  and  Alexander  Camv)bell  were  devoted 
Christians  and  gave  a  lilieral  inter] )retation  of  the  Scri))tures  to 
the  world,  it  Avas  not  due  to  them  alone  that  the  church  grew. 
The  Western  Hescr\c  was  th(>  place,  and  the  Ix'ginniug  of  the 
nineteenth  century  was  the  time,  for  the  planting  of  such  a 
church.  The  men  who  gathered  on  the  Western  Keserve  were 
from  all  parts  of  the  then  civilized  country.  They  had  all  shades 
of  beliefs  and  the  di.scussions  which  arose  led  to  investigations 
so  that  the  "Cauii)hellites"  found  many  people  not  associated 
with  any  chui-ch,  as  well  as  ])eople  dissatisfied  with  their  own 
creed.  These  they  ]iroceeded  to  enlighten  as  to  gosj^el  and  gath- 
ered them  into  the  fold. 

Walter  Scott  was  born  in  Scotland,  his  father  was  a  ]iro- 
fessor  of  music  and  cultured  withal,  his  mother  a  persun  of  most 
pure  and  religions  life.  His  sister  was  a  lace  maker  and  taught 
that  art  in  Warren  at  one  time.  He  came  to  Xew  York  after  his 
parents'  death  to  be  with  his  uncle,  George  Tunes.  lie  had 
drifted  away  from  his  Presbyterian  church  through  the  influ- 
ence of  a  ]\Ir.  Forrester,  who  prepared  young  men  foi'  the  min- 
istry.   Forrester  immersed  him.    JTe  at  first  opened  a  classical 


266  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

school  aud  later  met  Mr.  Cami^bell  in  Pittsburg.  He  assisted 
Mr.  Campbell  in  editing-  "The  Christian  Baptist."  In  fact,  it 
was  he  who  proposed  the  word  "Baptist,"  Mr.  Campbell  intend- 
ing to  call  the  publication  "The  Christian."  He  was  long  asso- 
ciated with  both  Thomas  (the  father)  and  Alexander  Campbell 
(the  son).  He  was  also  associated  with  Sidney  Rigdon,  a  Bai> 
tist  minister  of  Pittsburg,  who  is  ranked  second  to  Bentley 
among  the  early  Baptist  ministers,  and  who  is  remembered  by 
people  of  Trumbull  County,  more  especially  because  of  his  advo- 
cacy of  early  Mormonism. 

A.  S.  Hayden,  in  the  "Early  History  of  the  Disciples,"  is 
authority  for  the  statement  that  in  January,  1828,  "the  town 
(Warren)  lay  in  si^iritual  lethargy,  jarofoundly  ignorant  of  the 
tempest  of  spiritual  excitement  about  to  sweep  over  the  place. 
Bentley  had  preached  well  and  lived  well,  but  he  held  not  the 
key  to  the  heart,  nor  was  he  skilled  to  awaken  the  music  of  the 
soul."  At  this  time  Brother  Scott  and  Brother  Mitchell  came 
to  Warren.  It  was  their  intention  to  bring  about  a  revival  and 
they  did.  Their  meetings,  at  first  held  in  the  court  house,  were 
not  well  attended  at  all,  and  Mr.  ]\Iitchell  was  quite  disgusted  at 
the  way  Mr.  Scott  conducted  them.  When  he  remonstrated  with 
him,  the  older  man  told  Mitchell  that  they  would  have  to  do 
something  out  of  the  ordinary  in  order  to  claim  attention.  The 
first  audience  was  composed  of  a  few  elderly  people  aud  a  group 
of  boys.  He  made  the  boys  laugh,  and  then  talked  a  little  seri- 
ousness to  them.  The  two  men  stayed  at  the  house  of  Jeremiah 
Brooks.  Through  the  Rev.  j\lr.  Bentley 's  permission,  the  Bap- 
tist church  was  secured  and  this  was  crowded  the  first  evening. 
From  this  time  on  conversions  were  made,  immersions  were  had 
and  the  entire  village  was  excited  over  the  doctrine  advanced  by 
these  men.  When  the  evangelists  went  from  their  evening  meet- 
ings, people  would  follow  them  to  talk  aliout  their  salvation. 
Sometimes  the  two  men  would  be  awakened  in  the  night  either 
by  persons  who  wished  to  have  their  doubts  cleared  or  by  others 
wishing  to  be  immei'sed.  When  the  meetings  were  at  an  end  Mr. 
Scott  and  his  assistant  had  not  only  brought  to  the  church  peo- 
ple outside  the  Baptist  church,  but  with  a  very  few  exceptions 
all  the  people  inside  the  church,  and  the  minister,  Mr.  Bentley, 
as  well.  R.  J.  Smith  used  to  say  that  sinners  at  that  time  were 
ha]jtized  and  Baptists  capsized.  The  congregation  continued  to 
occupy  the  house  built  by  the  liajitists,  and  on  this  lot  the  pres- 
ent Christian  church  stands.     I^robably  there  never  was,  any- 


HISTORY  OF  TKI'MBTLL  COUXTY  267 

where,  a  case  before,  or  since,  where  a  congregation  as  old,  as 
large,  and  as  influential  went  over  to  another  denomination,  tak- 
ing elders,  deacons,  ministers,  and  meeting-house  as  well. 

The  Eev.  Adamson  Bentley  was  born  in  1785  in  Allentown, 
Pennsylvania.  lie  came,  when  quite  young,  with  his  father  to 
Brookfield.  He  became  an  ardent  Bai)tist  early  in  life  and  was 
a  devoted  student.  He  began  to  ])i-each  when  nineteen  years, 
holding  to  the  teachings  of  Calvin.  In  1810  he  settled  in  Warren 
and  in  May  of  that  year  was  ordained.  ( )ne  year  later  he  be- 
came the  pastor  of  the  church  and  served  for  twenty-one  years. 
The  writer  of  his  biography  says  : 

"It  is  our  fortune  to  be  acipiainted  with  few  persons  in 
a  lifetime  who  wield  a  personal  influence  so  su]ireme.  Tall, 
manly,  graceful,  with  a  countenance  radiant  with  good  na- 
ture, affable  and  dignified,  he  would  stand  among  dignita- 
ries as  his  equals  and  condescend  to  the  lowly  with  a  gentle- 
ness which  won  the  attachment  of  every  heart." 

After  the  coming  of  Scott  Mr.  Bentley  preached  with  fresh 
power  and  zeal.  The  next  year  he  was  chosen  with  Scott,  Hay- 
den  and  Bosworth  to  travel  about  in  the  interests  of  the  church, 
and  in  1831  he  removed  to  Chagrin  Falls,  where  he  died.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Bethany  College.  ■ 

Among  the  early  strong  men  of  the  Christian  church  was 
Cyrus  Bosworth.  He  served  in  several  official  capacities,  was 
sheriff  of  the  county  for  two  terms,  and  is  said  to  have  carried 
the  news  of  Perry's  victory  to  Pittsburg  as  express  messenger. 
His  first  wife  was  an  eastern  woman,  very  helpful  to  him  in  his 
work,  and  his  second  wife  was  Sarah  C.  Case,  a  sister  of  Leon- 
ard Case. 

The  Christian  church  in  Bazetta  was  organized  in  1848 ;  in 
Brookfield  in  1828;  in  Fowler  in  1832;  in  Hartford,  1830;  How- 
land,  1828;  North  Jackson,  1852;  Xiles,  1842;  Southington,  1828; 
and  other  churches  in  Trumlmll  County  were  organized  and  were 
numerous,  which  fact  strengthened  the  Warren  church,  because 
as  farmers  moved  into  town  to  educate  their  children,  or  to  en- 
gage in  Iiusiness,  they  naturally  allied  themselves  with  their  own 
denomination. 

Among  the  people  connected  with  the  early  church  we  read 
the  names:  Austin,  Lamphear,  Aledbnry,  Sampson,  Briscoe, 
Hutchins,  King,  Bosworth,  Ratliff,  Williams,  Camp,  Pond,  Dally, 
Soule,  Burnett,  Brett,  Ernst,  Dunlap,  Folsom,  Scott. 


2-68  HISTOEY  OF  TRT::\[BrLL  COrXTY 

No  history  of  the  Christian  ehiin-h  should  he  written  witli- 
out  special  mention  heing  made  of  Harmon  and  Mrs.  Austin, 
who  devoted  mucli  of  their  time  during  the  years  of  their 
strengtii,  mueh  of  their  tliought,  and  their  money,  to  the  huikling 
up  and  maintaining  of  the  Christian  eliurcli.  Knowing  of  the 
interest  of  Harmon  and  Minerva  in  the  church,  tlieir  children 
gave  a  svnu  of  money  to  he  applied  toward  the  l)uilding  of  a 
parsonage.  His  father  Benajah  was  identified  with  the  early 
church  and  the  early  history  of  the  town  and  when  he  first  came 
here  o'wned  the  Murburger  farm,  afterwards  in  1812  buying  tbe 
]ilace  on  the  Leavittsburg  road,  on  which  his  sou,  his  grand- 
daughter, his  great-grandson  and  his  great-great-grandeiiildren 
now  live.  Mrs.  Austin  was  Minerva  Sackett  of  Cantield.  Her 
father  helped  to  organize  the  Christian  church  of  Cantield.  and 
she,  her  family  and  her  sisters  devoted  themselves  to- the  Warren 
church.  Xellie  Austin,  marrjang  a  grandson  of  Alexander 
Campbell,  united  two  strong  Christian  families. 

Plans  for  erecting  a  church  edifice  were  considered  in  1H20, 
but  it  was  June  8,  1823,  before  the  first  services  were  held  within 
these  walls,  and  even  then  the  structure  was  not  completed. 
Robert  Gordon  did  the  brick  Avork,  and  Isaac  Ladd,  the  father 
of  Irwin  Ladd,  had  the  contract  for  the  woodwork.  The  latter 
says  that  this  was  the  first  building  in  "Warren  where  the  seats 
were  paneled,  and  the  ends  had  turned  knobs  and  ornamental 
pieces.  Benajah  Austin  was  one  of  the  members  of  the  build- 
ing committee. 

The  church  was  a  S(iiuire  building,  without  towers  or  orna- 
ments. There  was  a  gallery  which  was  very  high,  and  seats  on 
the  lower  floor  and  in  the  gallery  were  on  a  level,  so  it  was  hard 
for  those  in  the  back  ])art  to  see.  Fourteen  steps  led  up  into  a 
liigh  pulpit  box.  In  this  box  the  minister  could  not  be  seen  when 
sitting.  Pews  were  held  by  pew-holders,  the  doors  being  locked. 
The  backs  of  the  ])ews  were  rather  high,  as  were  the  pews  in 
most  of  the  early  churches.  The  object  of  this  in  the  beginning- 
was  to  keep  the  auditors  from  seeing  their  neighbors  and  to 
compel  attention  to  the  services,  but  the  truth  was  that  in  many 
of  the  early  churches  the  tired  parishioners  rested  their  heads 
on  the  back  of  these  high  pews  and  went  to  sleep.  With  high 
l)ews  and  sleeping  parents  the  children  who  were  so  inclined  to 
pinch  and  kick  each  other  unseen  had  a  splendid  chance.  In 
fact,  some  of  the  early  Episcopal  churches  in  Virginia  had  a 
woman  with  a  switch  whose  duty  it  was  to  walk  up  and  down  the 


IIISTOI.'Y  OF  TllUMBULL  COUXTY  269 

aisles  slowly,  tapping  the  obildreu  over  the  head  who  were  uot 
tliiuking  about  the  artieles  of  faitii  or  jiossessed  of  j)roper 
decorum. 

Here  is  a  list  of  siihserihers  to  this  first  Christian  (•hiu-cli : 

We,  the  subscribers,  severally  agree  to  pay  to  .Jereniiali 
Brooks,  Leicester  King  aud  Adamson  Bentley,  or  their  suc- 
cessoi-s,  trustees  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Warren,  the  sums 
set  to  our  names  for  the  purposes  above  specified,  payable 
as  follows:  One-fourth  when  the  cellar  walls  are  completed; 
one-fourth  when  the  walls  are  built  and  one-fourth  when  the 
house  is  enclosed ;  the  remainder,  when  the  amount  of  funds 
raised  are  ex]iended. 

Warren.  Fel)i-uary  15.  ISi^o. 

Adamson  Bentley    $l2U() 

Leicester  King 100 

Jeremiah  Brooks  300 

Emery  Thayer  20 

Oliver  Brooks  lt)() 

James  Scott,  in  sawing ll.") 

Jacob  Harsh   50 

John   Gordon    10( i 

Eo1)ert   Gordon    50 

(xeorge  Hapgood   15 

Horace  Stevens   15 

Ephraim  Quinby   200 

William  Heatou  25 

Mark  Westcott,  to  be  in  woi-k 100 

Macajah  Brooks    50 

Thomas  D.  Webli 100 

Zadok  Bowen   30 

Archibald  Beeves    10 

Isaac  Heatou,  in  ]i)'oduce 75 

Jacob  Drake   SO 

Zeph.  Jjuce.  in  hauling 25 

^[oses   Earl,   in   ])riiduce 10 

John  Eatliff,  in  ])r()duce 10 

Charles  Vauwy.  in  hauling 25 

Jolm  Clurg,  one  bbl.  pork  pd.  in  full 12 

Edward  P'lint,  to  be  paid  in  work 50 


.270  HISTORY  OF  TltUMBULL  COUNTY 

Edward  Week,  to  be  paid  in  boards  and  pro- 
duce         50 

John  W.  Adgate,  to  be  paid  in  hauling 15 

Benajah  Austin   100 

In  1852  the  house  was  remodeled,  the  spire  was  put  on,  seats 
were  changed,  pulpit  cut  down. 

After  Mr.  Beutley  moved  away,  for  four  years  there  was  no 
regular  pastor.  Marcus  Bosworth  and  John  Henrj'  labored  with 
a  good  deal  of  zeal  and  preached  occasionally.  In  1834  John 
Hartzell  moved  to  the  lower  part  of  towm  and  was  made  asso- 
ciate elder  with  Cyrus  Bosworth.  During  this  time  of  the 
church  history-  such  men  as  Zeb.  Rudolph,  J.  H.  Jones,  Moss, 
Perky,  Brockett,  and  Allerton  were  occasional  speakers.  John 
Smith  had  direct  charge  for  about  tw^o  years.  In  1847  J.  E. 
Gaston  took  charge  of  the  congregation  and  he  served  until  1851, 
when  Isaac  Errett  became  pastor,  serving  for  four  years.  The 
Rev.  Mr.  Errett  was  one  of  the  strongest  men  the  church  has 
ever  had.  He  was  followed  by  Joseph  King,  a  graduate  of 
Bethan}'^  College,  who  served  for  one  year.  During  this  time 
Calvin  Smith  and  James  A-  Garfield  frequently  addressed  the 
congregation.  J.  W.  Errett  was  also  a  pastor,  resigning  in  1859. 
The  next  year  Edwin  Wakefield  gave  a  portion  of  the  year  to 
the  congregation.  In  1861  J.  W.  Lamphear  became  pastor  of  the 
church,  serving  seven  years,  not  in  succession,  however,  since  he 
was  absent  two  years  of  that  time.  Some  of  the  strongest  men 
in  the  Christian  church  preached  here  occasionally,  such  as 
President  Pendleton  and  B.  A.  Hinsdale.  In  1870  J.  L.  Darsie 
became  pastor;  1874,  I.  A.  Thayer;  1881,  George  T.  Smith.  The 
last  four  pastors  were  E.  B.  Wakefield,  J.  M.  VanHorn,  M.  L. 
Bates,  and  J.  E.  Lynn. 

During  the  pastorate  of  E.  B.  Wakefield,  in  1889,  the  present 
church  at  a  cost  of  $30,000  was  erected.  From  the  very  begin- 
ning the  congregation  taxed  the  cai^acity  of  this  building.  Mr. 
Wakefield  resigned  to  take  a  professorship  at  Hiram  College, 
which  he  still  holds.  He  was  followed  by  Mr.  VanHorn,  during 
whose  service  the  church  grew  and  the  parsonage  was  erected. 
The  membership  was  doubled  and  a  debt  of  $9,000  paid  off. 

M.  L.  Bates  was  possibly  the  most  emotional  and  brilliant 
pastor  the  cliurch  has  had  of  late  years.  Although  he  only 
served  two  years  he  added  many  members,  212  at  one  time.  He 
also  organized  on  a  more  active  basis  the  missionary  work.    He 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 

DISCIPLES'    CHURCH. 


IIISTOEY  OF  TEUilKULL  COUNTY  271 

resigned  to  take  a  course  at  Coluin))ia  University  and  is  novr 
president  of  Hiram  College. 

Five  young  peojale  of  fine  eliaraoter  have  entered  tlie  Cliris- 
tian  ministry  from  this  ohureli :  (Miarles  S.  ]\Iedbury,  Howard 
Weir,  and  James  Brown;  Raymond  ^IcCorkle  is  doing  good  mis- 
sionary woi'k  in  Japan,  while  Eva  Raw  is  a  missionary  to  Nan- 
kin, China. 

On  November  8,  1908,  tlie  one  liundred  and  fifth  niniiver- 
sary  of  the  founding  of  the  Concord  Baptist  church  was  liad  )jy 
this  congregation  with  approi)riate  services.  Letters  were  read 
from  tlie  Revs.  VanHorn,  Darsie  and  Bates.  Addresses  were 
made  by  Messrs.  LjTin,"  Wakefield,  Reynard,  and  Dr.  Codville. 
The  latter,  a  Baptist  clergj-man  who  had  occupied  the  Baptist 
pulpit  in  Warren  for  many  years,  spoke  feelingly  on  the  present 
friendliness  of  the  Baptist  and  Christian  churches.  It  seemed  as 
if  this  word  was  the  thing  most  needed  in  this  celebration.  It  is 
always  easier  for  the  man  who  has  won  the  battle  to  feel  kindly 
towards  the  man  who  has  lost  than  it  is  for  the  man  who  has 
lost  to  feel  kindly  towards  the  man  who  has  won.  Today,  within 
a  block,  stand  two  churches  which  were  at  one  time  one,  both 
prosperous,  occupying  each  a  place  in  the  connnunity,  each  bent 
on  doing  its  duty  in  the  way  it  shall  see  it. 

One  of  the  early  followers  of  Thomas  Campbell  said  that 
the  eai'ly  Christian  ministers  were  able  to  do  their  duty  because 
of  the  guidance  of  the  Heavenly  Father  and  the  devotion  of  the 
earthly  wife.  True  was  this  not  only  of  the  Christian  ministers 
bui  of  other  denominations  also.  While  the  men  were  in  the 
field  preaching  and  exhorting,  the  women  at  home  did  their  own 
work  as  mothers,  and  fathered  the  family  and  attended  to  the 
business  interests  as  well. 

At  the  church  anniversary  exercises  above  mentioned,  Mrs. 
Alice  Briscoe  Andrews  read  a  paper  on  "The  Mothers  of  the 
Church,"  which  brought  tears  to  the  eyes  of  a  large  share  of 
the  listeners,  the  truth  of  the  devotion  of  these  early  mothers 
was  so  plainly  brought  forth. 

The  present  membership  of  the  Central  Christian  cliurch 
is  l,OrjO,  and  its  officers  are : 

Pastor,  Rev.  J.  E.  Lynn.  Elders,  E.  D.  Snider,  A.  S. 
Brown,  J.  L.  Cross,  C.  G.  Pritchard  and  F.  T.  Stone. 
Deacons,  Charles  Fillius,  M.  L.  Hyde,  J.  F.  Reid,  George  C. 
Braden,  E.  M.  Porter,  F.  H.  Alexander,  S.  A.  Corbin,  B.  W. 


■-';■-'  iiisTOJtY  OF  Ti;i;.MJirj.L  cuuxty 

Pond,  J.  H.  Hall,  J.  E.  LaclnnuD,  H.  M.  Page,  H.  M.  Mackey, 
B.  C.  Ferguson,  Charles  H.  Sager,  J.  B.  Mansell,  J.  D. 
Cook,  D.  W.  Campbell,  Albert  Wyand,  Austin  Pendelton, 
AV.  F.  Rowe,  F.  W.  Perry,  John  Ikerman,  "W.  G.  Baldwin. 
Trustees,  II.  Q.  Stiles,  e'.  K.  Nasli,  Henry  Harwood,  T.  G. 
Dunbani,  II.  I>.  AVeir  and  I.  !..  Lane. 

Leicester  King's  I'aunly  went  to  the  Presbyterian  chuix-h. 
They  had  a  helx)er  in  the  family  who  had  been  very 
good  to  Mrs.  King  at  the  time  of  some  Presbyterian  meeting, 
helping  in  the  entertainment  of  delegates,  etc.,  and  when  the 
early  Disciples  were  going  to  have  some  out-of-town  folks  Mrs. 
King  said  to  this  housekeeper  or  cook,  "You  were  so  interested 
in  my  church  meeting,  tiiat  I  will  entertain  some  of  your 
people."  In  this  way  she  came  to  know  some  of  the  Disciiile 
leaders  and  afterwards  joined  that  church.  The  older  mem- 
bers of  the  church  say  she  was  one  of  the  strongest  and  best 
Avomen  their  congregation  ever  had.  Mr.  Harmon  Austin,  Sr., 
who  was  clerk  of  the  church  inany  years,  said  that  Mrs.  King 
never  allowed  the  contribution  box  to  pass  her  without  putting 
something  in  it.  When  she  knew  they  were  going  to  take  regu- 
lar collections  she  was  oi  course  prepared,  but  if  something- 
came  u])  unusual,  and  she  had  no  money,  she  put  in  something- 
else  ;  whatever  she  happened  to  have  in  her  pocket,  her  thimble, 
her  handkerchief,  or  even  a  button.  These  she  would  redeem 
later.  She  said  she  never  wanted  to  lose  an  opportunity  of 
giving  something,  no  matter  how  small,  to  every  worthy  cause. 

Leicester  King  was  one  of  the  prominent  men  in  Warren. 
He  was  successful  in  business,  belonged  to  a  good  family,  but 
(lid  not  go  into  the  Disciple  church  when  his  wife  did.  She  died 
before  he  did,  and  when  he  returned  from  the  cemetery  on  the 
day  of  her  funeral,  he  went  direct  to  the  rivei»  and  was  baptized, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Christian  church. 

First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  settlement  of  Warren  there  seemed 
to  be  no  place  for  the  warm-hearted  Methodists.  Whether  the 
Puritan  spirit  predominated,  or  whether  the  first  preachers  did 
not  present  the  question  in  the  right  way,  we  do  not  know.  But, 
throughout  early  Trumbull  County  the  Methodist  church  either 
was  jiot  planted  or  did  not  grow  when  it  was  planted.     How- 


[IlSTOItY  OF  TRlMBrLL  COUNTY  2T3 

ever,  to  Trumbull  C'ouuty,  to  A'eruou  town^slli])  esjiecially, 
belongs  the  distinetiou  of  liaviiiy  organized  tlie  tii'st  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  class  npon  the  Western  Beserve. 

John  Bridle,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Wai'veii  and  an 
ardent  Methodist,  regretted  exceedingly  that  no  Aiethodist 
church  was  established  in  Wairen.  One  day  he  said  to  his  wife, 
"Mother,  I  cannot  stand  it  here  without  my  Methodist  meetings. 
On  the  following  Sunday  he  harnessed  his  horse  to  his  dearborn 
and  drove  to  Youngstown.  The  roads  were  so  bad  that  it  took  him 
all  day  to  get  there.  He  stabled  his  horse  and  went  to  cjuarterly 
meeting-  in  the  evening-.  He  brought  before  the  presiding-  elder 
the  necessity  and  desirability  of  organizing-  a  church  at  Warren. 
The  elder,  after  talking  the  matter  over  with  him,  said  that  he 
disliked  to  make  the  attempt,  since  the  last  man  he  sent  to 
Warren  to  preach  was  rnn  ont  of  town  over  Webb's  Hill  by 
some  ungracious  citizens.  Mr.  Bridle  told  him  that  the  house 
in  which  he  lived  (standing-  where  the  Warren  dry  goods  store 
is)  had  a  room  in  the  second  story  large  enough  for  a  meeting- 
place,  and  he  would  assure  any  minister  sent  there  perfect 
protection.  The  elder  promised  to  send  a  minister  in  four 
weeks.  At  that  time  he  came  himself,  Mr.  Bridle  kept  his  word, 
a  meeting-  was  had  and  a  class  organized.  Authorities  differ 
as  to  the  number  and  personnel  of  this  class.  This  difference 
is  probably  due  to  the  confusing  of  the  jieople  belonging-  to  the 
first  class  at  the  first  meeting  and  those  which  joined  witliin  a 
few  months.  At  any  rate,  John  Bridle  was  appointed  leader 
and  some  of  the  members  of  that  early  class  were  Ann  Bridle, 
Lewis  Reeves,  Hannah  Reeves,  Romanta  Brockway,  Sarah 
Cohen,  John  Barnes,  Josiah  Soule,  Sarah  Barnes,  Nancy  Hud- 
son, Alexander  Stewart  and  Xancy  Harsh.  Sarah  Jane, 
the  daughter  of  John  Bridle,  who  married  Thomas  Tait,  a 
Methodist  minister,  and  is  now,  ;it  the  age  of  eighty-five,  resid- 
ing in  Niles,  says  that  the  first  class  was  composed  of  five  mem- 
bers, her  father  and  mother,  Josiah  Soule,  Nancy  Harsh,  and  a 
woman  who  later  moved  to  Garrettsville  and  whose  name  she 
cannot  recollect.  Of  these  early  Methodists  little  is  known  and 
few  descendants  exist.  Nancy  Harsh's  daughter,  Laura  Harsh, 
resides  in  Warren,  is  an  ardent  Afethodist,  and  a  few  years 
since  presented  the  church  with  a  beautiful  cliandelier  for  the 
main  room.  Josiah  Soule  lived  for  many  years  on  North  Elm 
street,  near  the  fair  grounds.  His  daughtei-,  Julia,  resided  in 
the  same  place  until  a  few  years  ago. 


274  IIISTOIIV    OF  Ti;U.Mi;i  LI.  COl'-XTY 

111  1820  Eev.  Ezra  Booth  and  Alfred  Bronsou  were  in 
charge.  Fradenburgh  says  of  Ezra  Booth:  "He  possessed  a 
noble  physique,  six  feet  in  heiglit,  a  large  head,  broad  shoulders, 
and  tine  proportion.  lu  intellect  he  was  far  above  the  average." 
He  was  a  conscientious  scholar,  and  Dr.  Charles  Eliot  once  said 
to  him,  "If  the  Methodist  church  had  a  college,  with  a  A^acant 
chair  of  history,  that  would  be  the  place  for  you."  "He  was 
the  soul  of  honesty,  morality  and  sincerity."  He  married  Dorcas 
Taylor,  the  sister  of  Elisha  Taylor,  of  Nelson,  whose  house  was 
the  winter  home  of  numberless  circuit  riders  for  many  years. 
The  grandchildren  of  the  Taylors  say  that  this  family  gave  so 
much  to  the  church  as  to  impoverish  themselves,  and  although 
only  one  of  them  is  today  a  Methodist,  they  all  say  they  are  glad 
they  did,  because  doing  for  the  church  they  loved  was  their  only 
extravagance,  their  only  joy  outside  the  home. 

Some  of  the  meetings  of  the  early  Methodist  class  were 
held  at  the  residence  of  Lewis  Eeeves,  who  was  the  callage 
jailor.  In  those  days  the  jailor,  and  not  the  sheriff,  lived  at  the 
jail.  The  building  in  which  Mr.  Eeeves  lived  was  the  old  log 
jail  which  stood  on  the  present  jail  lot. 

In  1821  Benjamin  Stevens  was  elected  leader,  and  held  that 
office  for  sixty-two  years.  The  first  sacrament  was  administered 
by  Mr.  Bronson  and  Father  Bostick  in  a  grove  on  the  bank  of 
the  river.  The  first  cjuarterly  meeting  was  held  in  1827.  Charles 
Eliot  was  the  presiding  elder.  This  resulted  in  the  conversion 
of  many  people.    There  were  forty  additions  to  the  church. 

The  preacliing  for  this  denomination  was  generally  held  in 
the  court  house,  at  first  irregularly,  then  on  every  other  Satur- 
day evening;  later,  on  Sunday  evening.  Eegular  Sunday  morn- 
ing services  were  established  in  182-1,  and  about  that  time  the 
academy,  standing  where  the  public  library  now  stands,  became 
the  place  of  class  and  prayer  meetings.  In  1836  a  protracted 
meeting,  resulting  in  a  good  many  converts,  was  held  in  this 
same  place.  Benjamin  Stevens,  Aaron  B.  Eeeves  and  Albert 
Van  Gorder  purchased  from  Thomas  J.  McLain  Sr.  for  $400 
a  lot  for  a  church,  and  the  following  year,  just  eighteen  years 
from  the  time  of  the  first  organization  of  the  church,  a  meeting- 
house was  erected  on  the  liank  of  the  river.  This  was  approached 
by  an  alley,  in  later  years  running  between  the  Hapgood's  and 
Masters  Brothers'  stores.  Then  it  was  one  of  the  most  beau 
tiful  spots  in  the  town,  overlooking  the  winding  river,  the  park, 


OLD    METHODIST   CHURCH. 

From  a   painting   by  John  W.   Bell,   now  in  the  possession   of  his  wife, 

Ella  M.  Bell. 


HISTORY   OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY  275 

the  lowlands- of  the  Perkins  estate  and  the  Quinhy  Hill.  The 
business  houses  erowded  this  hiter,  so  that  tlie  outlook  was  not 
attractive. 

When  the  excavation  I'oi-  this  liuildinii-  was  lienui:  it  was 
found  to  have  been  an  old  cemetery,  then  sujjposcd  to  have 
been  Indian,  but  it  may  possibly  have  been  white  nicii.  as  later 
investigation  has  shown  that  like  cemeteries  in  other  pai-ts  of 
New  Connecticut  were  probablj'  cemeteries  for  white  i)eo])le. 

This  church  was  dedicated  November  9,  1837,  the  ]ire;i!'lKMs 
on  the  circuit  being  Arthui'  M.  Brown  and  John  Cram.     IJev. 
John  Luccock.  D.  I).,  a  former  circuit  rider,  ]ireach('d  the  dcdi 
catory  sermon. 

The  building  conunittee  for  this  first  church  consisted  of 
Benjamin  Stevens,  Albert  Van  Gorder,  George  Hapgood.  A. 
B.  Reeves  and  Isaac  Van  Gorder.  William  Logan  and  William 
D.  Crawford  were  the  contractors.  In  1839  Warren  was  made 
a  station  and  for  the  first  time  had  a  regular  miuistei'.  He 
was  Rev.  L.  D.  Mix.  He  received  as  his  salary  the  first  year, 
$115,  apportioned  to  him  as  follows:  Rent,  $40;  wood,  $25; 
table  expenses,  $50.  The  membership  at  this  time  was  about  125. 

This  building  was  sufficient  until  1866,  when  preparations 
were  begun  for  a  larger  church.  The  old  church  was  built  some 
what  after  the  lines  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  but 
neither  the  steps  nor  the  steeple  were  as  high.  The  choir  sat 
in  the  gallery  at  the  back  part  of  the  church,  and  during  the 
singing  the  congregation  turned  aliout  and  faced  the  choir.  The 
interior  was  as  plain  and  lacking  in  ornamentation  as  was  the 
First  Presbyterian  church,  but  either  the  writer  had  grown  in 
size  or  had  become  accustomed  to  high  walls;  at  any  rate,  the 
ceiling  did  not  seem  so  high,  nor  the  windows  so  tall.  Some 
very  eloquent,  stirring  semions  were  preached  in  that  old  house, 
and  the  women  of  that  church  for  many  years  labored  inces- 
santly to  raise  money  for  the  new  church.  The  quilting  which 
they  did  was  of  such  nicety  as  to  give  them  a  re])utation  which 
has  lasted  through  three  generations. 

The  ministers  of  this  church  were  very  outspoken  during 
the  war  times,  and  some  of  their  members  who  sympathized 
with  the  South,  or  who  considered  that  politics  should  not  he 
preached  from  the  pulpit,  severed  their  connection  with  this 
organization  and  went  to  other  churches. 

Because  the  first  preachers  were  circuit  riders,  and  because 


27(5  llISTf)I!V   OF  ^I'lMMlU'LL  COUXTY 

the  Methodist  church  helieved  in  the  itineracy  of  its  ministers, 
early  records  were  not  made  and  there  is  no  complete  list  of  the 
men  who  have  served  as  ministers  in  the  First  Methodist  church 
of  \\'arren.  Among  the  fourscore  or  more  were  sucli  noted 
men  as  Dr.  Charles  Eliot,  theologian,  editor  and  author;  the 
elocjuent  AVilliam  Seahon;  Dr.  William  Hunter,  the  Methodist 
hymn  writer;  John  J.  Steadman,  the  orator  and  great  debater; 
Gaylord  B.  Hawkins,  the  accomplished  scholar  and  educator; 
])]-.  John  Peet,  the  elocjuent  and  fearless  wartime  preacher. 
The  present  minister  is  Rev.  W.  B.  Winters. 

The  Warren  [Methodist  Episcopal  church  has  entertained 
live  annual  conferences,  large  and  important  bodies  of  the 
denomination,  namely : 

The  old  Erie  conference,  held  July  28  to  August  4,  1841, 
Bishop  H.  E.  Roberts  presiding.  Albert  Van  Gorder.  in  the 
Warren  Chro)ikie,  calls  the  different  church  choirs  togetlier 
to  prepare  for  the  conference  music.  July  9-16,  1851,  Bishop  T. 
A.  Morris  presiding.  July  15-21,  1868,  Bishop  C.  Kingsley 
presiding.  East  Ohio  conference,  September  22-28,  1880,  Bishop 
Thomas  Bowman  presiding.  This  was  a  memorable  session  of 
the  conference,  and  attracted  an  immense  gathering  of  Meth- 
odists in  AVarren  on  account  of  the  great  Grant-Conkling  meet- 
ing, which  was  held  here  during  the  session  of  this  conference. 
The  last  annual  conference  entertained  by  the  church  was  held 
Septem])er  l!)-24,  1894,  Bishop  J.  M.  Walden  presiding. 

In  1851-52  this  church  was  remodeled  at  an  expense  of 
one  thousand  dollars.  Rev.  G.  B.  Hawkins  was  pastor  of  the 
church  then.  At  that  time  a  new  altar  rail  was  put  in  and  the 
church  carpeted.  Rose  Hawkins,  now  Mrs.  Leet,  the  daughter 
of  the  i)astor,  remembers  playing  in  the  basement  of  this  church 
when  the  repairs  were  being  made,  and  how  she  admired  the 
half-spheres  which  were  used  in  making  the  balls  which  orna- 
mented the  new  cu])ola. 

Among  the  influential  and  early  citizens  who  attended  this 
church  we  find  the  names  of  Stevens,  Van  Gorder,  Hunt,  Alli- 
son, Stull,  Marvin,  Tayler.  Potter,  Gilmore,  Hoyt.  Patch, 
Hawkins,  Jameson,  Hall. 

The  new  church  standing  on  High  street,  between  Pine  and 
Park  avenue,  was  dedicated  in  June,  1874.  The  cost,  including 
the  lot,  was  $55,000,  $7,500  of  which  was  raised  in  three  hours' 
time  the  dav  the  building  was  dedicated.    In  1878  a  tierce  wind 


(Photo  loaned   by    Freil   Byard.) 

NEW    METHODIST    CHURCH,    WARREN. 


HISTORY  OF  Tl!T':\[BrLL  COUXTY  2:r 

of  the  nature  of  a  cyclone  cut  a  path  through  Warren,  doing 
much  damage  as  far  as  trees  and  chimneys  were  concerned,  and 
lifted  the  roof  of  the  new  Methodist  church  from  its  position. 
When  this  was  replaced,  slight  changes  were  made  in  the 
interior,  drop  beams  supplanting  the  plain  ceiling.  This  build- 
ing is  110  feet  long,  75  feet  broad,  with  a  front  elevation  of  65 
feet.  For  many  years  the  steeple  of  the  Methodist  church  was 
not  completed.  This  was  done  at  the  same  time  these  other 
repairs  were  made. 

The  founders  of  the  church  recognized  the  importance  of 
the  religious  training  of  the  children,  and  immediately  planned 
for  the  formation  of  Bible  classes.  The  Sunday  school  i^roper 
was  organized  in  1827,  under  the  direction  of  a  board  of  man- 
agers composed  of  the  following  persons:  Richard  Brooks, 
Josiah  Soule,  L.  M.  Beeves,  Alexander  Anderson  and  Benjamin 
Stevens.  One  of  the  early  day  superintendents  of  the  school 
was  Judge  Eufus  P.  Spaulding,  who  later  became  one  of  the 
prominent  lawyers  of  Cleveland. 

At  that  time,  the  records  inform  us,  there  were  "40  male 
scholars"  and  "-6.3  female  scholars";  and  16  teachers — "7 
males"  and  "9  females."  Happily  society  has  outgrown  the 
use  of  these  terms  applied  to  members  of  the  human  family. 
To-day  the  Sunday  school  is  a  large  and  flourishing  institution, 
with  an  average  attendance  of  600. 

In  the  '80s  the  Methodists  had  the  largest  congregation 
and,  the  writer  thinks,  the  largest  Sunday  school  in  the  city. 
But  of  late  years  the  Christian  church  has  equaled  if  not  sur- 
passed it  in  both  directions.    The  membership  now  numbers  902. 

The  officers  of  the  church  at  present  are : 

OFFICERS   AND  COMMITTEES. 

Ti-ustees— J.  W.  Masters,  B.  .J.  Taylor,  K.  O.  Brainard,  W.  J.  Masters,  C.  E. 
Iiiman,   Martin   Hecklinger,   R.   T.   Izant,  A.  E.  Wonders,  T.  M.  Sabin. 

Stewards— .John  Pew,  .J.  H.  Ewalt,  F.  B.  Gilder,  S.  B.  Craig,  George  Warner. 
C.  C.  Clawson.  District  Steward;  B.  .J.  Taylor,  Recording  Steward;  .Tay  Buchwalter. 
Homer  Robins,  James  Mahan,  W.  W.  McFarland,  .J.  F.  Button. 

Class   Leaders — E.    H.    Masters,   N.  Lang,  H.  L.  VanGorder. 

Leaders  (confirmed  as  members  of  the  Quarterly  Conference,  therefore  mem- 
bers of  the  Official  Board) — William  Southwiek,  D.  M.  Frum,  Frank  Mahan,  L.  K. 
Latimer,  Charles  Pew,  R.  B.  Royce,  Noah  Dibble,  L.  G.  Lease,  Charles  H.  Adams, 
M.  P.  Gleason.  George  Hapgood. 

Among  the  members  of  the  Methodist  church  who  were 
workers  for  many  years  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  M.  Stull.  Mrs. 
Stull  was  Florilla  Wolcott,  of  Farmington,  and  a  woman  of 


x'TS  TIISTOKY  OF  ^J'Rl'AriU'LL  COUXTY 

nuii.suall\  strong,  sweet  duiraeteiisties.  She  was  a  Presby- 
teriau,  but  when  her  hitsband  became  interested  in  the  Meth- 
odist church  she  went  with  him.  They  were  both  fond  of  fun 
and  they  enjoyed  a  joke  on  each  other  c[uite  as  well  as  on  out- 
siders. One  day  in  a  church  meeting,  when  they  were  talking 
of  the  missionary  work,  Mr.  StuU  arose  and  said  that  one  of 

their  missionaries,  Miss  ,  had  not  been  mentioned  in 

the  list  of  workers  and  that  for  his  part  he  wished  to  commend 
her  to  the  church  members.  He  said  he  thought  any  woman 
who  went  to  a  strange  country  and  worked  for  the  church  should 

receive  some  recognition,  and  in  the  case  of  Miss 

he  felt  this  was  particularly  true,  since  her  services  were  being 
rendered  in  such  a  hot  country  (he  referred  to  India.)  Hear- 
ing a  snicker,  he  looked  about  and  saw  Mrs.  StuU  convulsed 
with  laughter.  Speaking  outright,  he  said,  "Frill,  what  are 
you  laughing  at!"  Mrs.  Stull  replied,  "Your  remarks  are 
rather  pointed,  since  ^Tiss has  been  dead  for  years." 

St.  Mdri/'s  Clnircii  (Bnuuin  Catholic). 

Rev.  Patrick  O'Dwyer  was  the  first  priest  to  visit  Warren. 
He  came  at  long  intervals.  He  was  stationed  in  Cleveland  from 
1837  to  18o9.  Eev.  John  Conlon,  pastor  of  Dungannon,  visited 
this  city  as  a  station  in  3849.  From  that  time  on  "the  spiritual, 
interests  of  the  few  Catholics  of  Warren  were  looked  after  by 
the  resident  pastors  of  the  following  places :  Randolph,  Akron, 
Summitsville,  St.  Cohuuba,  Youngstown  and  Niles." 

In  1858  Rev.  W.  C) 'Connor  liought  a  lot  for  a  church  on 
(^uinby  Hill,  near  where  the  canal  afterwards  ran.  In.  1862 
Rev.  E.  M.  O'Callaghan,  who  had  succeeded  Father  O'Connor, 
found  the  lot  undesirable  and  sold  it.  In  1864  he  liought  the 
])ro])erty  which  had  belonged  to  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church,  remodeled  the  building  suitable  for  the  Catholic  services. 
Prior  to  the  buying  of  this  church  mass  had  been  celeln-ated  in 
several  private  houses. 

In  1868  Rev.  E.  J.  Conway  was  given  this  chaige,  and  he 
was  the  first  resident  priest.  He  built  a  house  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  priest  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  He  only  sei-ved  until 
1869,  when  Warren  was  made  a  mission  of  Niles. 

In  October,  1870,  Rev.  E.  J.  Murphy  had  charge  of  the 
parish.     He  enlarged  the  priest's  house  and  made  other  im- 


(Loaned    liy   the   Tribune 


ST.  MARY'S  CATHCLIC  CHURCH. 


IllSTOUY  OF  TIU'MJU'LL  (JOUXTY  279 

provemeuts.  Diiriug  his  time  there  was  a  parish  school,  but 
upon  his  removal,  in  March,  187."],  it  was  discontinued. 

In  1873  and  in  1876  Warren  Catholics  were  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Niles  church. 

In  1873  Rev.  A.  Paganini  was  resident  priest,  remaining 
two  years.  He  went  to  Italy  for  a  visit,  and  his  cousin,  J. 
Paganini,  attended  to  the  duties  of  the  parish.  Upon  the  former 
priest's  return,  in  1876,  he  took  charge.  While  he  was  gone  the 
cousin  had  improved  the  church  xn'operty  without  authority, 
and  plunged  tlie  parish  into  debt.  The  church  was  sold  in  1876, 
while  Bishop  Gilmore  was  in  Europe.  The  bishop  was  greatly 
distressed  over  this  state  of  affairs  and  he  raised  money  by  loan 
to  pay  oft'  the  indebtedness,  and  the  loan  was  repaid  by  the 
parishes  throughout  the  diocese  and  also  by  several  fairs  at 
W^arreu.  This  is  the  only  time  that  a  parish  in  northei-n  Ohio 
ever  defaulted  its  financial  obligations,  and  in  this  the  people 
were  not  to  blame.  Rev.  A.  Paganini  was  removed  in  March, 
1876.  He  was  succeeded  in  a  few  months  by  Rev.  B.  B.  Kelley, 
who  remained  in  charge  until  February,  1877.  Since  that  time 
the  pastors  have  been  Rev.  M.  J.  ^lurphy,  1877-1879;  Rev.  W. 
J.  Manning,  1879-1882;  Rev.  F.  M.  Scullin,  1882-1884;  Rev.  D. 
O'Brien,  from  February  to  September,  1884;  then  the  church 
became  a  mission  of  Niles  until  1886.  This  was  the  fourth  time 
that  the  Warren  church  had  been  put  under  the  management 
of  the  Niles  church.  This  was  because  there  were  few  Catholics 
in  Warren  and  because  the  town  grew  largely  from  the  county, 
and  the  rural  districts  of  Ohio  are  not.  as  a  rule.  Catholic 
districts. 

In  1886  Rev.  Ambrose  A.  Welier  became  ]»astor  of  the 
church.  Father  Weber  was  a  German  and  greatly  beloved  by 
his  people.  He  was  gentle  and  conscientious.  During  his  time 
the  old  church  was  improved  somewhat,  and  his  residence  as 
well.  He  bouglit  the  large  bell  now  in  use,  supplied  the  church 
with  stations,  neat  furnishings,  and  a  goodly  supply  of  vest- 
ments. He  bought,  in  September,  1895,  for  $1,700,  six  acres  of 
land  for  a  parish  cemetery.  This  adjoins  the  city  cemetery, 
on  the  Niles  road,  and  is  a  great  convenience  to  the  Catholics 
of  Warren,  because  before  that  they  had  to  go  to  Niles  for  inter- 
ment. In  May,  1891,  he  purchased  a  lot  70  feet  by  202  feet,  on 
High  street,  at  the  cost  of  $3,000.  The  last  payment  was  made 
in   February,   1900.     In  1900  Father  Weber  bought  the  Park 


380  HISTOlfY  OF  TEUMBFLL  COUNTY 

Avenue  sfliool  property  from  the  Warren  city  board  of  educa- 
tion for  $3,500.  He  intended  to  have  a  parochial  school  here. 
When  Father  Weber  had  hold  of  the  pai'ish  there  were  only 
thirty-five  families  connected  with  it. 

Rev.  P.  C.  N.  Dwyer  succeeded  Father  Weber  as  pastor 
of  the  church.  He  began  his  services  in  July,  1901,  and  it  is 
largely  due  to  him  that  St.  Mary's  has  such  a  commodious  and 
substantial  building.  In  March,  1902,  this  new  church  on  High 
street  was  begun.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  on  July  20,  1902, 
the  church  was  enclosed  the  same  year,  and  in  1903  the  first 
mass  was  said  in  the  basement  at  Christmas  time.  The  dedica- 
tion of  the  church  was  held  on  July  20,  1907.  The  total  cost  of 
the  church  property,  including  church  building,  lot  and  ]iarson- 
age,  with  all  furniture  and  fixtures,  was  $60,000. 

The  present  officers  of  the  church  are  Peter  Boyle,  John 
Mock  Jr.,  M.  J.  Ryan  and  Charles  ]\Iortz.  The  present  member- 
ship is  about  600. 

y^idii  BcfoDiK.'d  Church. 

Zion's  Reformed  church  was  organized  October  26,  1891. 
The  present  Imilding  was  erected  the  following  year,  the  corner- 
stone being  laid  July  30th. 

For  many  years  St.  Paul's  Lutheran  church,  standing  on 
Vine  street,  near  Market,  was  used  by  a  congregation  under  the 
same  title,  that  is  Zion  Reformed  church,  in  conjunction  with 
the  Lutheran  congregation.  This  church  was  burned,  and  the 
two  congregations  separated,  the  first  Zion  Reformed  church 
disbanding.  This  first  church  purchased  a  lot  on  which  the 
pi'esent  Zion  church  stands.  They  held  their  last  communion  on 
the  25th  of  August,  1872.  After  a  time  the  trustees  turned  a 
lot  which  occu])ied  about  the  same  position  on  Pine  street  that 
the  old  church  had  occupied  on  Vine  street  over  to  the  present 
organization.  This  new  church  cost  $3,000.  It  had  twenty-six 
charter  members.  The  congregation  was  organized  by  Rev. 
C.  W.  Brugh,  who  served  until  1896.  He  was  followed  by  Rev. 
E.  H.  Laubach,  who  served  two  years.  Rev.  J.  J.  Gruber  served 
eight  years,  that  is,  until  1904.  Rev.  George  Th.  Nevin  Beam, 
who  served  five  years,  followed.  The  present  pastor  is  Rev. 
Hange.  The  memJiership  is  165.  The  elders  of  the  church  are 
Messrs.  Martin  Schneider,  J.  J.  Deitz,  Julius  Ziegler;  the  dea- 
cons, Joseph  S.  Morrison,  Charles  E.  Gilbert,  John  C.  Schmidt. 


ST.    PAUL'S    LUTHERAN    CHURCH. 


HISTORY  OF  Tl!r:\rF.rLL  CorXTY  281 

The  Sunday  school  in  connection  with  the  church  was 
organized  hy  Rev.  J.  C.  Horning  in  ]89-l-.  The  tirst  meeting  was 
held  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  after  that  in  the  third  floor  of  the  old 
Opera  House  block;  later  in  Odd  Fellows  hall,  until  the  churcJi 
was  dedicated. 

Tod  Avenue  Methodist  Episeopal  Churclt. 

The  Tod  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal  church  was  estalilished 
in  1897.  L.W.  LePage  was  apiwinted  minister  for  West  Warren 
at  the  conference  held  in  September  of  that  year.  In  1898  the  fol- 
lowing men  were  elected  at  the  conference  of  the  First  Metliodist 
church,  as  trustees:  B.  F.  Wonders,  R.  P.  McClellan,  A.  R. 
Moore,  C.  L.  Bailey,  A.  F.  Spear  and  J.  F.  Wilson.  These  trus- 
tees purchased  a  lot  at  the  corner  of  Tod  avenue  and  Buckeye 
street  from  James  M.  Quinby  and  wife  for  .$900.  The  building- 
committee  consisted  of  Rev.  Mr.  LePage,  B.  F.  Wonders,  A.  R. 
]\Ioore  and  J.  F.  Wilson.  The  erection  of  the  church  began  in 
April,  1898,  and  was  dedicated  in  August  of  the  same  year.  It 
cost  $4,000.  The  pastors  have  been  as  follows:  Rev.  L.  W. 
LePage,  1898-1900 ;  Rev.  W.  H.  Talmadge,  1900-1901 ;  Rev.  H.  H. 
Scott,  1901-1904;  Rev.  S.  L.  Boyers,  six  months;  Rev.  L.  C. 
Ilallock,  iinished  out  Mr.  Boyers'  term  of  six  months  and  served 
an  additional  year.  Rev.  F.  H.  Hill  took  charge  in  1906  and  still 
serves. 

A  parsonage  was  built  in  1904,  costing  $1^,700. 

The  present  trustees  of  this  church  are  A.  L.  Tavler,  F.  S. 
Gould,  S.  E.  Wanamaker,  Jesse  Diehl,  R.  D.  McCauley,  B.  F. 
Wonders,  A.  R.  Moore,  Mrs.  Anna  Hurd,  Lewis  Durst.  So  far 
as  we  know,  Mrs.  Hurd  is  the  only  woman  holding  a  church 
position  of  this  kind  in  Warren.   The  present  membership  is  260. 

CJiristiaii  Science  ChurcJi. 

In  1901  a  Christian  Science  Society  was  organized  in  War- 
ren, the  members  meeting  in  private  homes.  On  January  5, 
1902,  the  first  public  services  were  held  in  a  room  over  the 
First  National  Bank,  with  Miss  Ella  Phelps  as  first  reader. 
On  ]\liss  Phelps  leaving  town  some  six  months  later.  Miss  Lucie 
B.  Ohl  was  elected  first  reader  and  Charles  S.  Adams,  second 
reader.  In  October,  1903,  meetings  were  discontinued,  but  were 
resumed  a  year  later  in  a  private  house  on  High  street.     In 


•28-?  llIS'r()l?Y   (»F  TlMMIU'Ll.  COrXTY 

October,  li*06,  Air.  Adams  wa^  chosen  first  reader  and  Miss 
Matilda  AAHiite,  second  reader.  In  November,  1906,  the  meet- 
ing place  -was  changed  to  a  room  on  the  second  floor  of  the 
(Tillmer- Wallace  Block,  on  Main  street.  In  the  following  June 
Miss  White  moved  to  Youngstown,  and  Miss  Jennie  A.  Terry, 
of  Cortland,  was  chosen  to  fill  her  place.  In  December  a  front 
room  on  the  first  floor  of  the  Opera  House  block  was  secured 
and  sei'^fices  held  there  and  reading  room  ke^^t  open  every  after- 
noon except  Sunday.  Tlie  first  reader  now  is  Charles  S.  Adams, 
and  the  second,  Mrs.  Amelia  Sommers.  Though  at  present 
organized  as  a  society,  a  church  will  eventually  be  formed  under 
the  name  of  First  Church  of  Christ,  Scientist,  of  Warren,  Ohio. 
Mr.  Adams  is  a  great-great-grandson  of  Mrs.  Rowe,  the 
first  Episcoi)alian  and  a  son  of  Wliittlesey  Adams,  the  oldest 
Presliyterinn. 

(iracc   Vnlivd  Kraii(i('liral  Chiinli. 

in  VM'l  the  Ohio  Conference  was  urged  to  take  up  missions 
of  the  above  church  in  cities.  The  conference  appointed  Rev. 
S.  E.  Wright,  Rev.  T.  R.  Smith,  Rev.  J.  A.  Grimm,  and  lay 
brethren,  Hemian  AV.  Masters,  M.  B.  Templin,  G.  W.  Ripley 
and  Levi  Bear,  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the  mission  in 
Warreu.  Tlie  only  local  man  was  Herman  AV.  Masters.  This 
committee  secured  a  lot  on  Belmont  street  for  $700.  In  April, 
1903,  Rev.  H.  D.  Schultz  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of  this 
mission.  This  church  organization  started,  as  did  many  of 
those  of  the  early  days,  with  a  meeting  in  the  couiihouse.  The 
school  board  granted  them  permission  to  use  the  wooden  build- 
ing then  on  Mercer  street  as  a  temporary  place  of  meeting. 
The  first  services  held  there  were  the  last  Sunday  in  May.  At 
that  time  a  Sunday  school  of  twenty-eight  members  was  organ- 
ized, H.  Blake  Masters  being  the  superintendent.  Wlien  the 
church  organization  was  perfected  the  establishing  members 
were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  W.  Masters,  G.  W.,  Blake,  John,  Charles 
and  James  INIasters,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  H.  Morrow,  Miss  Sadie 
Morrow  and  H.  D.  Schultz.  In  Jime,  ground  was  broken  for 
the  new  church,  and  on  the  23rd  of  August  the  corner-stone 
was  laid.  Those  assisting  in  this  ceremony  were  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Jester  and  Scott  of  the  Methodist  churches.  Rev.  Mr.  Bates  of 
the  Disciple,  Rev.  Mr.  Ralston  of  the  Baptist,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Crowe  of  the  Presbyterian.     Three  hundred  and  eight  dollars 


T[]ST()liY   OF  'I'lUMIULL  CorXTY  283 

were  secured  on  this  occasion.  The  church  was  dedicated  on 
Noveml)er  L'2nd,  by  Bishop  R.  Dubbs,  of  liarrisburg,  Pennsjd- 
vauia.  It  is  a  pretty  little  church,  well  heated,  lighted  and 
carpeted.  The  brethren  in  Reading,  Pennsylvania,  gave  a  bell, 
and  Elmer  Harold,  of  Leetonia,  a  iiijie  di-gan.  Tlie  cost  of  the 
church  was  about  $6,200. 

Rev.  H.  D.  Schultz  continued  his  pastorate  for  two  years 
and  a  half.  He  was  followed  by  J.  H.  Elder,  who  served  one 
year.  Rev.  ,1.  H.  kSchweisberger  was  in  charge  two  years,  and 
the  i)resent  incumlient  is  Rev.  J.  Howard  Sloan. 

SccuiuJ  Cliristltiii  ('JnircJi. 

In  l!)U(i  it  was  decided  to  erect  a  Christian  churcli  on  the 
west  side,  in  order  that  the  nieni))ers  living  on  that  side  might 
not  have  so  far  to  walk,  and  because  the  Tod  Avenue  church, 
Methodist,  was  interesting  the  children  in  its  Sunday  school, 
as  well  as  some  of  the  members  in  the  church  itself.  Therefore, 
in  1907,  the  second  Christian  church,  corner  West  Market  and 
^lulberry,  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $11,000,  and  was  dedicated 
Ajn-il  14.  1907.  The  charter  membership  was  composed  of 
21  (i  mem1)ers  of  the  Central  Christian  churcli,  who  voluntarily 
left  the  home  church  they  had  helped  to  build  for  the  new  one 
all  liad  united  in  founding.  Rev.  C.  ().  Re^Tiard,  the  present 
pastor,  began  his  work  on  dedication  day.  The  membership 
at  this  date,  March,  1909,  is:  Resident,  384;  non-resident, 
thirty;  total,  414.  A  Bible  school  with  a  weekly  attendance  of 
300,  strong  missionary  and  social  organizations,  together  with 
a  harmonious,  x)rogressive  spirit  in  tlie  entire  memljersliip,  are 
factors  that  promise  large  usefulness  for  this  church. 


CHAPTER  XIX— SCHOOLS. 


School    Lands    in    Western     Reserve. — First    Schools    and 
Teachers    in    Warren. — Warren    Academy. — School    Dis- 
cipline.— Select  Schools. — Beginning  of  Public  School 
System. — Early    Teachers    and    Superintendents. — 
Reminiscences. — Uncomfortable  Schoolhouses. — 
Old-Time    Pedagogy. — Warren     Schoolhouses 
for   Fifty  Years. — Public   School   Teach- 
ers.— Board  of  Education. — Superin- 
tendents.— Alumni   of   Warren 
High  School. 

WHien  Connecticut  passed  laws  in  regard  to  the  selling  of 
its  western  lands  it  provided  that  in  every  township  500  acres 
of  laud  should  be  set  apart  for  the  support  of  schools.  This 
act,  however,  was  never  effective,  because  only  the  Salt  Spring- 
tract  was  disposed  of  by  Connecticut  itself.  ^\Tien  the  state 
later  authorized  the  sale  of  the  land,  it  provided  that  the  money 
arising  from  that  sale  should  be  held  in  the  perpetual  fund 
which  should  be  used  for  the  payment  of  ministers'  salaries,  the 
erection  of  churches  of  all  denominations,  and  for  school  pur- 
poses. This  action  was  disapproved  of  strongly,  and  finally, 
when  the  land  actually  was  sold,  the  entire  sum,  as  we  have 
seen,  was  kept  for  the  use  of  Connecticut  schools.  This  was 
invested  in  such  a  way  that  the  $1,200,000  became  $2,000,000. 
This  was  a  large  sum  for  the  early  days,  and  all  teachers  and 
most  text  books  pointed  out  this  wonderful  act  of  a  conscientious 
and  ]irogressive  i:»eople.  The  generosity  in  regard  to  schools, 
however,  applied  only  to  the  mother  state.  Either  accidentally 
or  purposely  Connecticut  sold  the  Western  Reserve  without  pro- 
viding any  kind  of  school  fund,  which  was  a  drawback  to  coloni- 
zation. Many  old  residents  today  testify  that  their  mothers 
who  came  into  this  wilderness  nearly  broke  their  hearts,  not  at 
the  thought  of  bringing  their  children  into  the  wilderness,  but 

?84 


IirSTOlJV  (>F  'I'ln'ilBrLL  COUXTY  385 

that  there  was  no  chance  of  educating  them,  when  they  were 
here.  The  state  of  Ohio  had  made  proper  i^rovision  for  its 
schools,  but  this  provision  did  not  ai>]ily  to  three  reservations, 
the  Western  Eeserve,  the  Virginia  Military  district  and  United 
States  miUtary  bounty  hinds.  It  is  easily  seen,  then,  that  these 
ini])ortant  reservations  were  at  a  disadvantage. 

In  1807  Congress  appropriated  eighty-seven  and  one-half 
s(iuare  miles  in  Tuscarawas  and  Holmes  counties  for  schools 
of  the  three  above  mentioned  districts,  and  lifty-nine  square 
miles  more  in  1834.  This  last  appropriation  came  from  the 
northwestern  part  of  the  state.  The  Western  Reserve  therefore 
had  93,760  acres  of  land,  the  proceeds  of  which  could  apply 
to  the  maintenance  of  schools.  It  was  found  very  hard  to  lease 
these  lands,  and  consequently  the  legislature  sold  them  in  1852. 
The  result  brought  a  quarter  of  million  of  dollars  for  the  sup- 
port of  schools  in  the  Western  Reserve.  This  is  known  as  "The 
Irreducible  School  Fund,"  and  is  still  used  for  the  purpose 
which  it  was  intended.  All  school  treasurers  report  each  year 
a  certain  sum,  insigniticant,  to  be  sure,  in  comparison  with  the 
general  fund,  but  still  a  contrilmtion.  For  instance,  in  Warren 
for  the  school  year  1908-0!)  it  amounted  to  $158.96. 

The  first  schoolhouse  in  the  city  of  Warren  stood  on  the 
])resent  Monumental  Park.  It  was  of  logs,  as  was  also  the  sec- 
ond one,  which  was  located  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Park 
Hotel.  The  third  sclmolliousc  was  a  frame  one,  Iniilt  north  of 
the  first  structure. 

Mr.  (leorge  Parsons  was  the  first  teacher  in  the  tirst  school- 
house.  Mr.  John  Leavitt  was  probably  the  first  teacher  of  the 
second  schoolhouse.  This  building  soon  became  a  dwelling  house. 

So  far  as  is  known,  the  first  woman  who  taught  school  was 
Miss  Mary  Case,  the  daughter  of  Leonard  Case,  Sr.,  and  the 
mother  of  Misses  Mary  and  Harriet  Stevens.  She  was  a  very 
talented  woman,  had  a  sweet  voice,  sang  in  the  early  choirs, 
was  a  devoted  student  a]id  In'ought  her  family  uji  to  love  study 
and  culture.  She  married  j\Ir.  Benjamin  Stevens,  and  together 
tliey  lived  a  long,  useful,  happy,  loving  life. 

The  second  Avoman  teacher  was  Miss  Nancy  Bostwick.  She 
was  the  aunt  of  ]\Irs.  ^lary  B.  Harmon  and  was  the 
sister-in-law  of  Oliver  Patch's  mother.  Her  school  was 
known  as  "A  Young  Ladies'  Seminary."  It  was  held  in 
the  third  storv  of  Castle  ^^'illiam.    It  is  recorded  that  "she  gave 


286  IITSTOKY  OF  TEr:\rF>rLL  COUXTY 

at  least  one  publif  exhibition,  at  wliit'h  young  ladies  read  essays 
and  performed  in  general,  as  is  nsual  upon  such  occasions." 
Some  of  the  early  men  teachers  were  George  Parsons,  John 
Leavitt,  Alexander  Sutherland.  Samuel  Forward,  Colonel  Cyrus 
Bosworth  (who  married  Sarah  Case)  and  a  Mr.  Olcott.  The 
school  of  the  latter  was  in  existence  about  the  time  of  Miss 
Bostwick's  and  was  taught  in  a  house  which  stood  between  the 
present  McConnell's  eating  house  and  Perry's  printing  place. 
Mr.  Olcott  was  a  Yale  graduate  and  a  good  teacher. 

On  November  10,  1818,  an  advertisement  apjjears  in  the 
Western  Reserve  Chronicle,  of  the  grammar  school  to  be  opened 
in  Warren  in  which  Latin  and  Greek,  English  language,  geog- 
raphy, arithmetic,  geometry,  philosophy  and  logic  will  l)e  taught. 
Mr.  Reed  was  teacher.  The  tuition  for  Latin  and  Greek  and 
higher  branches,  $5;  for  arithmetic,  grammar  and  geography, 
.$3.  The  committee  was  Adamson  Bentley,  J.  B.  Harmon, 
Jeremiah  Brooks,  Ephraim  Quinby. 

In  the  early  '20s  Mr.  Tower  had  a  school  in  a  frame  Iniild- 
ing  which  stood  where  the  Warren  dry  goods  store  now  is,  but 
faced  Park  avenue.  Alwut  this  time  Miss  Norton,  afterwards 
Mrs.  General  Curtis,  of  Sharon,  taught  in  a  building  on  East 
Market  street  that  had  been  used  as  an  office  by  Judge  Calvin 
Pease.     Here  Miss  McNeal  also  kept  school. 

In  1837-38  a  select  school  was  held  in  a  large  frame  building 
where  the  machine  shop  belonging  to  W.  C.  and  Austin  Pendle- 
ton now  stands.  Mr.  Daniel  Jagger  was  the  teacher.  He  was 
a  resident  of  Windham,  and  taught  here  again  in  1840  in  a 
store  room  which  stood  on  the  east  part  of  the  lot  now  owned 
liy  the  Warren  Packard  estate,  corner  of  High  and  ^lahoning. 

In  1819  L.  Andrews  opened  a  school  on  Main  street. 

About  1818  the  Warren  School  Association  was  formed. 
The  original  trustees  were  James  Quigley,  Richard  Iddings. 
Samuel  Leavitt,  Francis  Freeman  and  George  Parsons.  These 
trustees  erected  the  academy  about  1820.  There  were  four 
departments,  two  primary  departments,  one  for  girls  and  boys, 
jind  two  high  schools,  one  for  girls  and  boys.  However,  the 
boys  and  girls  did  not  long  stay  separated,  although  the  schools 
— the  primary'  and  high  schools — were  separate. 

An  advertisement  for  the  Warren  Academy-,  April  22,  1828, 
says  that  the  summer  term  will  begin  on  the  12th  day  of  ^lay, 
and  the  dejjartment  for  boys  Avill  be  about  as  it  was  before. 


(iis'i'ditv  OK  Ti.M'.MBrij.  corx'i'v  -.'s: 

"In  tiddition  to  this,  arraugcniients  have  ))t't'n  made  wiiereby 
an  apartment  in  the  building  will  l)e  approjiriated  exclusively 
for  the  accommodation  of  girls,  in  which  will  he  taught  nil  the 
useful  and  many  of  the  ornamental  branches  of  education." 

The  first  teachers  were  Messrs.  Ciuiningham  and  Johnson. 
After  that  Rufns  P.  Spaulding,  Eeuhen  Case,  Jacob  Osborne, 
C'a])tain  Thompson,  Miss  Clarissa  Norton  (^Irs.  (Jeneral 
Curtis),  David  1^.  Cole,  lval]ili  Hickox,  Irene  Ilickox  (Mrs. 
Scranton),  John  Crowell,  Mr.  Babbitt,  Selden  Haines,  A.  Cad 
walader,  Mr.  Harlow,  Anderson  Dana,  Morris  Iddings  and 
Francis  Gillette.  The  early  accounts  of  this  academy  never 
seem  to  discoimt  tlie  al)ility  of  these  teachers  to  teacli,  but  a 
great  deal  is  said  about  tlieir  ahility  or  inahility  to  govern. 
The  right  of  people  in  authority  to  domineer  over  those  under 
them  in  the  state,  in  the  school,  in  the  home,  was  never  for  a 
minute  doubted.  In  a  history  iniblished  hy  Williams  &  Brothei's, 
in  1882,  we  find  the  following: 

"Corporal  ])unishment  was  at  that  time  not  only  the 
usual,  but  the  necessar.y  way  of  enforcing  obedience,  even 
though  it  was  an  academy.  Along  one  wall  there  was  a 
bench  about  eighteen  inches  from  the  floor.  Boys  were  pun- 
ished by  being  required  to  kneel  and  place  their  heads 
under  this  bench.  A  whole  row  might  sometimes  be  seen 
thus  bowed  down  and  resting  on  their  hands  and  knees. 
Vigorous  and  unexpected  use  of  a  long  ruler  as  the  master 
walked  hack  and  forth  among  the  repentant  line  sent  one 
head  here  and  another  there,  thumping  against  the  wall. 
Anderson  Dana,  the  father  of  Junius,  l»oi-e  the  reputation 
of  being  one  of  the  best  of  teachers." 

Francis  Gillette  was  rigid  in  his  discipline.  He  re(piired  per- 
fect recitations.  For  one  ei-ror  in  reciting,  a  jnipil  received  one 
stroke  of  the  ruler.  For  the  second,  two,  and  so  on.  History 
records  that  John  B.  Harmon  reached  as  high  as  sixty- four  i-a]>s. 
Discipline  grows  less  strict  in  each  succeeding  year.  In 
the  report  of  1875,  under  the  paragraph  "Punishment"  of  the 
rules  and  regulations,  we  find:  "In  inflicting  cori)oral  ]nmish- 
ment — which  should  be  resorted  to  only  in  cases  of  extreme 
necessity  arising  from  flagrant  and  persistent  disobedience — no 
other  instrument  shall  be  used  but  a  common  rod.  The  hands 
and  liead  shall  be  exempt."    While  nowadays,  if  a  teacher  whose 


2SS  HISTUIJY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY 

pupil  is  most  disobedient  uses  a  ruler  or  a  stick  on  his  hand, 
or  if  he  shakes  a  girl  or  slaps  a  boy,  parents  are  outraged. 

Papers  in  the  possession  of  old  residents  of  AVarren  show 
that  in  the  early  days  of  the  academy  studies  were  paid  for 
separately.  Bills  still  kei)t  by  descendants  of  the  original 
parents  who  sent  children  to  school  read  :  Arithmetic,  so  much ; 
Geography,  so  much ;  and  so  on.  They  were  also  credited  with 
cord  wood,  because  the  pupils  were  obliged  to  furnish  the  fire. 

Mr.  Lewis  Morris  Iddings,  in  "Sketch  of  the  Early  Days  of 
AVavren. "  says : 

■'AVhen  the  academy  was  completed,  one  of  the  first 
applicants  for  the  position  of  head  master  was  W.  H. 
McGuffey,  afterward  celebrated  as  the  compiler  of  Eclectic 
series  of  reading  and  spelling  books  and  as  president  of 
Miami  University,  but  then  a  young  man  living  at  Coits- 
ville.  He  presented  himself  before  Dr.  Eaton,  George 
Swift  and  Mr.  Olcott,  who  comprised  the  board  of  exam- 
iners. Mr.  Swift,  as  well  as  Mr.  Olcott,  was  a  graduate  of 
Yale  College,  and  the  examination  was  quite  severe.  Mr. 
McGuft'ey  failed  and  was  rejected.  He  afterwards  said  the 
mortification  he  felt  acted  as  an  incentive  for  further  study, 
to  which  he  attributed  his  success  in  life.  *  *'  **  We 
can  learn  but  little  of  the  course  of  study  pursued.  It  proli- 
ably  comprised  the  ordinary  branches  of  an  English  educa- 
tion, with  'small  Latin  and  less  Greek.'  " 

This  academy  was  a  sm-ccessful  school,  and  many  of  Trum- 
bull County's  first  citizens  obtained  their  education  there. 

Hon.  T.  J.  McLain  Jr.,  who  spent  most  of  his  life  in  Warren 
and  was  one  of  the  most  respected  and  beloved  citizens  of  that 
city,  wrote  a  "Historical  Sketch  of  the  Schools  of  Warren,"  a 
copy  of  which  is  now  possessed  by  the  city  school  board.  Mr. 
McLain  attended  these  schools,  aftei'wards  was  connected  with 
his  father  in  the  banking  business,  was  a  member  of  the  boards 
of  education,  vestryman  in  Christ  <'luucb.  and  was  for  manj' 
years  consul  at  Xassiui.  the  Island  of  New  Providence.  He 
says : 

"During  the  decade  immediately  jireceding  the  organ- 
ization of  the  present  graded  schools  the  i)rincipal  instruc- 
tors in  Warren  were  .Junius  Dana,  Prof.  Brouson,  William 


HISTOIIY  OF  'JliUMBULL  COUNTY  285) 

G.  Darley,  Martha  Calendar  (Mrs.  E.  E.  Hoyt),  Martha 
and  Fannie  Dickey,  Lucy  CUark,  S.  1).  Harris,  Dr.  J.  E. 
Woods,  and  a  Baptist  clerg-jinan  named  Brown,  wlio,  by  his 
persistent  and  merciless  use  of  the  rod,  strap  and  ferule, 
acquired  a  reputation  for  brutality  which  has  never  been 
equaled  in  the  history  of  our  schools.  Being  now  dead,  we 
will  say  to  his  remains  A\hat  he  never  said  to  a  pupil, 
' Requiescat  in  pace.' 

"About  1844  Prof.  Bronsou  established  an  Ejjiscopal 
Female  Seminary."  This  stood  on  the  west  portion  of  the 
lot  now  owned  by  Mr.  Judd,  on  South  street.  "The  project, 
however,  not  proving  a  success,  he  soon  abandoned  it,  and 
opened  a  select  school  for  boys  and  girls  in  the  basement 
of  the  old  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  on  the  river  bank. 

"Junius  Dana,  who  was  the  leading  educator  from  ISiO 
to  1848,  generally  taught  a  select  school  in  summer  and  a 
district  school  in  mnter,  part  of  the  time  alone,  and  on 
several  occasions  in  connection  with  Daniel  Jagger.  The 
select  schools  were  held  in  the  McFarland  block,  in  the 
academy,  and  in  King's  brick  block  on  Main  street. 

"  W'm.  U.  Darley,  an  English  gentleman,  also  taught 
a  select  school  in  King's  block  [now  the  Wallace-Gillmer 
block]  from  1846  to  1849,  which  was  largely  attended  and 
(pnte  successful. 

"In  1844-45  three  small  frame  sclioolhouses  for  dis- 
trict schools  were  built,  one  on  the  corner  of  School  and 
Prospect  streets,  another  on  the  north  side  of  East  High 
and  the  third  south  of  the  Canal,  and  were  at  the  time 
regarded  as  an  im])ortant  adjunct  to  tlie  educational  facili- 
ties of  the  village. 

"Under  the  system  of  district  schools  then  extant,  the 
school  taxes  were  not  collected,  as  now,  by  being  placed 
upon  the  duplicate,  but  the  directors  were  empowered  to 
collect  them,  and  in  case  of  refusal  to  pay  they  were  author- 
ized to  sue  as  in  any  other  case  of  indebtedness.  This  gave 
rise  sometimes  to  considerable  litigation,  and  amusing 
instances  are  narrated  in  connection  with  such  proceedings. 
At  one  time  three  of  the  wealthiest  citizens  in  the  village, 
dissatisfied  with  the  schools,  refused  to  pay  their  taxes; 
whereupon  the  directors  levied  iipon  the  harness  of  one. 


290  HISTOEY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

the  fat  calf  of  another,  and  the  wagon  of  the  third,  exposing 
these  articles  at  public  sale,  at  the  court  house  door  to  the 
highest  bidder,  to  the  infinite  amusement  of  those  taxjiayers 
who  had  cheerfully  responded  without  process  of  law.  This 
summary  example,  it  is  said,  was  potent  for  a  long  time  in 
facilitating  the  collection  of  school  taxes. 

"The  studies  pursued  in  the  select  and  district  schools 
of  this  time  were  reading,  writing,  spelling,  arithmetic, 
grammar,  geography,  history,  algebra,  geometry,  astron- 
omy, natural  philosophy,  chemistry,  botany  and  geology, 
with  a  moderate  amount  of  Latin  and  Greek;  the  higher 
branches  were  mostly  taught  in  the  select  schools. 

"About  this  time  important  changes  were  being  made 
in  the  public  school  system  of  the  state,  with  special  refer- 
ence to  the  better  regulation  of  schools  in  cities,  towns  and 
villages.  And  on  February  21,  1849,  a  general  act  was 
passed  by  the  legislature,  the  provisions  of  which  seemed 
to  meet  the  approval  of  many  citizens  of  "Warren.  John 
Hutchins  delivered  a  jiublic  lecture  upon  the  subject,  and 
on  March  31,  1849,  a  legal  call  was  made  for  an  election 
to  decide  whether  the  village  should  adopt  the  above  men- 
tioned act.  This  call  was  signed  by  six  resident  freeholders, 
namely,  Mathew  Birchard,  Leicester  King,  John  B.  Harmon, 
R.  P.  Eanney,  Milton  Graham,  L.  J.  Iddings. 

"The  election  was  held  at  the  court  house  on  April 
10,  1849,  B.  F.  Hoffman  acting  as  chairman,  Joseph  Perkins 
as  assistant  chairman,  and  I.  L.  Fuller  as  clerk.  The  vote 
stood,  for  the  law,  134;  against  the  law,  22.  So  the  law  was 
adopted.  On  the  23rd  of  the  same  month,  at  an  election,  E. 
P.  Eanney  and  George  Tayler  were  elected  to  serve  as  mem- 
bers of  the  board  of  education  for  one  year.  M.  Birchard 
and  B.  P.  Jameson  for  two  years,  Joseph  Perkins  and  John 
Hutchins  for  three  years.  The  board  organized  on  April 
30th  by  choosing  M.  Birchard  for  president,  John  Hutchins 
for  secretary,  and  George  Tayler  for  treasurer.  School 
examiners  were  appointed  as  follows,  namely:  Julian 
Harmon  for  one  year,  Jacob  Perkins  for  two  years,  Eev. 
W.  C.  Clark  for  three  years. 

"After  a  very  brief  delay  the  board  proceeded  to 
organize  a  school  under  the  law.  A  high  school  was  estab- 
lished, under  the  charge  of  Miss  Martha  Dickey,  in  a  two- 


HISTORY  OF  'J'KUMBULL  COUNTY  291 

story  frame  building,  -vrliich  stood  on  the  site  of  tlie  present 
brick  structure  on  ]\Ionroe  street.  [Bj*  the  "present  struc- 
ture" Mr.  McLaiu  meant  the  high  school  building  which 
was  torn  down  in  1882  to  make  room  for  the  present  build- 
ing.] The  several  frame  school  buildings,  the  property  of 
the  respective  sub-districts  under  the  old  system,  were 
utilized  by  the  board,  and  other  rooms  were  rented,  so  that 
six  primary  and  secondary  schools  were  opened  during  the 
smnmer  months,  taught  respectively  by  Fannie  Dickey, 
Mary  Brown,  Amanda  Brown,  Elizabeth  A.  Tuttle,  Mary 
Tillotson  and  Francis  James.  The  salaries  paid  the  teach- 
ers at  this  time  were  $4  per  week  in  the  high  school  and 
$3.50  in  others.  The  price  of  tuition  for  foreign  scholars 
was  fixed  at  $3  per  term  in  the  high  school  and  $1.50  per 
teiTU  in  the  primary. 

"The  following  course  of  study  was  established:  For 
primary  and  secondary  schools — Eclectic  Spelling  Books, 
Eclectic  First,  Second  and  Third  Readers,  "Wells'  Elemen- 
tary Grammar,  Thompson's  Mental  and  Practical  Arith- 
metic, Parley  &  Morse's  Geography,  and  Wilson's  History 
of  the  United  States. 

"For  the  high  school — McGuffey's  Fifth  Eeader.  Man- 
daville's  Course  of  Reading,  Morse's  Geography,  AV ells' 
School  Grammar,  Thompson's  Practical  and  Higher  Arith- 
metic, Lumas'  Algebra,  Davies'  Legrende  Geometry. 
Davies'  Surveying,  Smith's  Illustrated  Astronomy,  Par- 
ker's Natural  Philosophy,  Gray's  Chemistry,  Ackerman's 
Natural  History,  Cutler's  Physiology,  Wood's  Botany, 
Wilson's  American  History,  Hitchcock's  Geology,  Olen- 
dorff's  French  Grammar,  Arnold's  Latin  and  Greek  series. 

"During  the  summer  arrangements  were  perfected  so 
that  upon  the  lOtb  of  September,  1849,  the  first  regiilar 
session  of  all  the  schools  opened  with  the  following  corps 
of  teachers,  namely:  M.  D.  Leggett,  superintendent  and 
principal  of  high  school,  with  the  salary  of  $700  per  annum; 
Miss  Lucretia  Wolcott,  assistant  in  the  high  school,  with 
a  salary  of  $200  per  annum ;  Miss  Lucretia  Pomeroy,  prin- 
cipal of  the  grammar  school,  with  a  salary  of  $175  per 
annum ;  ^Martha  Dickey,  M.  A.  Booth,  Lucia  Cotton,  Francis 
Jane,  Amanda  Brown,  Marietta  Leggett,  in  the  primary 
and  secondary  schools,  at  $3.50  per  week. 


•jy,>  iiisToi.'V  OF  Tj;r:\ii;rij.  couxty 

•'At  the  flo^e  of  the  tirst  year  ]\1.  i).  Leggett  [who  later 
was  commissioner  of  patents]  resigned  tlie  suijerintendeuey 
of  the  schools,  and  J.  B.  C-ox  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy, 
entering  upon  his  duties  September  1,  1851,  and  serving 
for  three  years  nt  a  salary  of  $600  jier  annum." 

In  ISo.'i  there  were  nine  teachers  emi)loyed  in  Warren  in 
the  schools,  and  the  attendance  was  5-42.  "On  September  1, 
1854,  Eev.  James  Marvin  assumed  charge  as  superintendent, 
occupying  that  jjosition  for  eight  years,  at  a  salary  of  at  first 
$900,  then  $1,000,  and  finally  $1,200  jier  annum." 

Mr.  AVhittlesey  says  :  ' '  The  building  occupied  by  the  liigh. 
school  was  built  originally  for  a  two-story  carjjenter  shop, 
located  on  tlie  south  side  of  ]\lonroe  street.  After  it  had  been 
occupied  a  short  time  it  was  divided  into  two  buildings  to  be 
used  as  dwelling  houses ; ' '  one  of  these  parts  is  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  Mrs.  Mae  B.  Camp ;  the  other  half  was  moved  to 
the  east  side  of  North  Park  avenue  and  owned  bv  Mrs.  A.  J. 
Hart. 

In  1839  the  boys  who  attended  ]\lr.  Calendar's  school  were 
Samuel  L.  Freeman.  Jefferson  Palm,  James  ^IclNIillan  and 
George  Seely. 

In  the  early  schools  the  ordinary  branches  were  taught,  but 
there  were  no  special  teachers.  Music,  drawing  and  pemuan- 
shiji  were  taught  in  s^iecial  schools.  Eunice  Towne,  the 
daughter  of  a  Presbyterian  minister,  taught  drawing  and  paint- 
ing. In  1844  M.  J.  A.  Severance  had  a  writing  school,  and  the 
editor  of  the  Chronicle  says:  ""We  would  advise  all  who  are 
'  deficient  in  the  use  of  the  pen  to  avail  themselves  of  the  oppor- 
tunity now  presented  to  learn  to  write  an  elegant  hand  at  a 
very  small  expense." 

About  this  time  Mrs.  L.  L.  Chamberlin  opened  a  school  in 
Warren  to  teacli  "all  the  accomplishments  necessary  to  female 
education."  Samuel  Quinby,  John  Hutchins  and  Edward  Spear 
are  given  as  reference.  The  year  before — 1843 — Miss  M.  J. 
Eeynolds  oi)ened  a  school  for  "Young  Ladies." 

In  ]845  Mr.  and  ]\lrs.  Charles  F.  Bronson  o]iened  a  school 
for  young  ladies,  advertising  that,  "Foreign  pupils  may  reside 
witli  his  family.  Term  16  weeks.  $100  per  year,  including 
l)oard,  washing,  fuel,  lights  and  ordinary  English  education. 
All  will  be  taught  useful  and  ornamental  branches." 


HI8T01?Y  OF  TIUWIBULL  CorXTV  -.'ii:! 

Martha  and  Frances  (commonly  failed  Fannie)  Dickey 
were  among-  the  early  teachers.  In  the  fall  of  1X45  these  two 
young  women  had  a  school  of  sixty  scholars.  Their  mother 
says  in  a  letter  written  to  relatives  east:  "Martha  teaches  in  the 
village  and  boards  at  home.  Mrs.  Mason  says  her  talent  (night 
not  to  be  wasted  in  the  kitchen.  Frances  went  seventeen  weeks 
to  Mr.  Dana,  he  is  a  very  good  mathematician."  One  sentence 
which  this  mother  writes  to  interested  friends  applies  so  directly 
to  the  teachers  in  our  own  school  today  that  it  is  (|noted: 
"Martha  and  Frances  are  busying  themselves  this  summer  in 
altering  their  dresses  and  making  new  ones.      ■  Martha 

looks  much  better  since  school  closed." 

At  the  time  that  J.  D.  Cox  was  superintendent  of  tlic  schnols 
he  resided  on  Elm  street,  near  the  Lake  Division  of  the  I  >.  iJc  ( ). 
railroad.  He  was  supporting  himself  and  his  family  on  the 
magnificent  sum  of  $600,  and  owned  no  overcoat.  lie  used  to 
wear  a  cape  about  his  shoulders.  There  was  no  street  lighting 
at  that  time,  at  least  not  on  Elm  street,  and  the  trees  were  so 
thick  that  when  he  got  in  the  neigh  bo  I'hood  of  Scott  street  (that 
street  was  not  cut  through  to  p]lm  in  those  days)  he  was  obliged 
to  feel  his  way,  by  the  rail  fence  on  the  west  side  of  the  street. 
Mr.  Cox  was  afterwards  general  in  the  army,  governor  of  the 
state  and  secretary  of  the  interior  under  Grant. 

Mrs.  Ira  P\;ller,  whose  father,  Horace  Stevens,  lived  for 
some  time  in  the  house  which  stood  on  the  present  lot  of  the 
Misses  Hall's  home,  said  she  remembered  attending  a  school 
taught  by  ]\liss  Lathrop  in  the  academy.  She  was  led  to  school 
when  the  roads  were  dry,  taken  on  horseback  when  it  was  not. 
It  seems  incredible  that  children  living  on  Mahoning  avenue 
would  have  to  ride  to  school  as  near  as  the  present  public 
library.  However,  then  there  were  no  sidewalks,  no  pavements, 
and  in  spring  the  mud  was  deep  enough  to  mire  a  child.  Mrs. 
Fuller  said  she  cherished  a  dainty  needle  book  which  Miss 
Lathrop  gave  her  the  day  she  went  away  to  be  married.  She 
received  a  reward  of  merit  card  signed  by  Eufus  Spaulding 
when  she  attended  his  schools.  Among  her  childish  friends 
were  Emil\-  Siiaulding,  Olive  Freeman,  Elizabeth  Van  Gorder, 
Elizabeth  Courtney,  Elizabeth  Collins  and  Mary  Stevens.  The 
last  is  the  only  one  living;  she  resides  almost  next  door  to  the 
old  home  of  her  cousin,  Mary  Stevens  (Mrs.  Fuller). 

Selden  Haines,  one  of  the  early  teachers  of  the  old  academy. 


294  HISTOEY  OF  TRrMBULL  COUNTY 

in  writing  to  Lis  great-nephew.  Judge  D.  R.  Gilbert,  under  the 
date  of  October  21,  1882  (Mr.  Haines  was  then  eighty-two  years 
old),  gives  some  facts  which  we  quote  here: 

"My  father  left  Connecticut  in  the  fall  of  1818  and 
settled  in  Vernon,  where  he  died  in  1849,  aged  eighty-five. 
In  the  summer  of  1820  I  began  the  study  of  Latin  with 
Reuben  Coe.  In  September,  1821,  I  came  east  to  Gran- 
ville, Massachusetts,  and  spent  a  year  preparing  for  col- 
lege. I  was  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1826,  in  a  class 
of  106 — the  largest  class  that  ever  graduated  at  any  Ameri- 
can college  prior  to  the  year  1837.  I  began  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  Hooker  &  Talmadge.  Talmadge  was  United 
States  senator  in  after  years.  I  was  married  in  1828,  though 
'poor  as  a  church  mouse.'  We  landed  at  Vernon  with  noth- 
ing to  do  for  a  living,  and  nothing  to  do  with.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  weeks  I  was  engaged  to  teach  in  what  was  called 
Warren  Academy — being  nothing  but  a  miserable  brick 
shanty  with  two  school  rooms.  In  the  meantime  I  pursued 
my  study  with  John  Crowell,  since  called  Gen.  Crowell,  of 
Cleveland.  I  tried  my  best  to  give  universal  satisfaction 
Avith  my  pupils,  and  at  the  end  of  six  months  a  majority 
of  my  patrons  were  grumbling.  Judge  Pease  [Calvin],  a 
prominent  citizen,  came  to  my  rescue.  He  advised  me  not 
to  try  to  please  anybody  but  myself.  The  result  was  that  I 
became  quite  popular  with  the  pupils.  I  occupied  the  jaosi- 
tion  about  eighteen  months  and  was  succeeded  by  Hon. 
Francis  Gillette,  of  Hax'tford,  Connecticut,  who  was  after- 
wards United  States  senator.  He  was  the  father  of  Gil- 
lette, a  greenback  member  of  Congress  from  Iowa.  Among 
my  pupils  were  four  sons  of  Gen.  Perkins;  also  Miss  Maria 
Smith  [Tod]  and  Miss  Cornelia  Pease  [Kinsman],  and  Mrs. 
Simon  Perkins,  of  Akron." 

The  schoolhouses  referred  to  by  Mr.  McLain  as  being  an 
improvement  on  what  preceded  were  the  most  dismal,  uncom- 
fortable sort  of  buildings.  Tlie  one  which  was  on  Prospect  was 
moved  off  in  1870  or  1871  onto  the  lot  owned  by  Mrs.  Eunice 
Hawkins,  wliicli  adjoined  on  the  north  the  school  property.  It 
was  remodeled  and  has  been  used  ever  since  as  a  dwelling. 
The  first  teacher  at  Prospect  school  was  George  Maltby,  of 
Southington,  and  the  second,  S.  D.  Harris,  who  was  lay-reader 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBC'LL  COUXTY  295 

in  the  Episcopal  cliurch  and  afterwards  was  editor  of  the  Ohio 
Farmer.  He  moved  to  Colnmbns.  George  Hapgood,  Sr.,  many 
years  editor  of  the  Chronicle,  taught  here  in  184:6. 

One  of  the  other  schoolhouses  was  moved  onto  Clinton 
street,  and  it  is  now"  used  as  a  residence.  The  author  of  this 
volume  attended  three  of  these  schools.  None  of  them  were 
comfortable,  but  the  one  on  Prospect  street  was  the  least  invit- 
ing. It  was  set  flatly  on  the  ground,  with  no  cellar,  and  conse- 
quently the  floor  had  the  same  temperature  as  existed  outside, 
with  additional  dampness.  Scholars  huddled  around  the  old 
cannon  stove  in  the  corner,  Imrning  their  copper-toed  shoes 
and  scorching  the  fronts  of  their  clothes,  to  return  to  their 
seats  and  in  a  few  moments  be  as  cold  as  ever.  Small  jackets 
and  shawls  were  worn  by  the  children  and  the  outer  garments 
which  hung  in  the  entry  were  so  cold  that  they  had  to  be  warmed 
at  the  fire  before  putting  them  on.  The  windows  were  pur- 
poseh'  made  so  high  that  children  could  not  see  out  when  stand- 
ing by  them.  The  seats  were  very  low  and  imcomf ortable.  So 
down  in  this  pit,  shivering  and  disconsolate,  the  little  folks  of 
tJie  north  part  of  the  town  had  to  turn  up  their  faces  to  see 
a  bit  of  sky,  and  to  relieve  themselves  of  the  thought  they 
were  in  prison.  However,  in  this  half-cellar,  many  young  people 
learned  to  read  and  write,  wIkj  afterwards  went  out  into  the 
woi'ld  and  became  not  only  useful,  but  famous.  Notably  among 
these  was  Kenyon  Cox,  the  great  artist.  In  one  of  these  uncom- 
fortable seats  he  studied  just  enough  to  keep  from  being  jiun- 
ished,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  time  drawing  pictures  for  the 
amusement  of  those  who  sat  near  him.  The  only  things  the 
writer  can  remember  as  being  bearable  about  that  "old  north 
school"  was  the  playgTound  and  the  teacher.  Her  name  was 
Hall,  and  she  was  a  conscientious,  tender  developer  of  children. 

The  High  street  schoolhouse.  which  stood  on  the  lot  where 
General  Ratliff  built  a  home,  which  is  now  owned  by  Charles 
Wood.  It  contained  two  rooms  for  the  primary  and  secondary 
grades.  The  windows  here  were  not  so  high,  and  the  sun 
seemed  to  get  into  the  building.  It  was  not  nearly  so  cheerless. 
Among  the  teachers  who  served  for  some  time  there 
were  Gen.  E.  W.  Ratliff,  Miss  Julia  Stevens,  a  sister 
of  ]\Irs.  Ira  Fuller  (who  married  Mr.'  Snook,  a  teachei", 
and  whose  children  reside  in  Seattle,  Wash.) ;  and 
Mrs.  Kennedv  Andrews,  who  at  that  time  was  Miss  Kennedy. 


•-'!ir,  HisTOjn'  OK  TKr:\iBrLL  county 

]\Irs.  Andrews'  daughter  lias  a  picture  of  some  of  lier  mother's 
pupils,  which  was  always  cherished.  Mrs.  Frank  J.  Mackey, 
DOW  residing  on  Park  avenue,  as  Carrie  Shaler,  was  a  success- 
ful school  teacher  and  remembers  all  of  the  scholars  she  taught 
and  has  followed  the  lives  of  a  great  many  of  them. 

In  these  schools  were  held  spelling  matches,  and  the  classes 
stood  to  recite  in  front  of  the  teacher.  Scholars  who  missed 
words  in  spelling  were  obliged  to  step  down  and  let  the  success- 
ful scholar  go  ahead  of  him.  The  pupil  who  stood  at  the  head 
of  the  class  each  day  received  a  mark  and  on  the  following 
day  began  at  the  foot  of  the  class  to  work  his  way  up  to  the  head 
again.  At  the  end  of  the  term  the  child  having  the  largest 
number  of  "head  marks"  was  given  a  prize.  One  of  tlrese 
spellers,  now  in  business  in  Warren,  who  received  a  number  of 
these  rewards  for  excellence  in  spelling,  is  noted  for  his  incor- 
rect spelling  today. 

The  morning  sessions  of  these  scliools  were  opened  with 
Bible  reading,  singing  and  prayer.  In  most  cases,  the  teacher, 
turning  her  back  to  the  pupils,  knelt  on  the  floor,  with  her  elbows 
in  the  wooden  chair,  as  she  asked  the  Father's  blessing  on  the 
saints  and  sinners  alike  over  whom  she  exercised  jurisdiction. 
During  this  morning  hour,  because  of  the  position  of  the  teacher, 
the  small  boy  was  more  largely  tempted  than  at  any  time 
during  the  day,  and  many  were  the  wet  paper  wads  and  other 
liglit  missiles  which  were  thrown  at  the  praying  teacher.  Be 
it  to  their  credit,  few  girls  indulged  in  this  undignified  pro- 
ceeding. But  they  giggled,  sometimes  out  loud,  and  the  gigglers 
were  always  equally  punished  with  the  real  offenders. 

The  water  was  brought  from  a  near-by  well,  and  stood  in 
the  pail  during  the  session.  The  "teacher's  pet,"  or  the  pupil 
in  good  standing,  was  allowed,  in  the  middle  of  the  morning 
and  again  in  the  afternoon,  to  pass  this  licjuid  refreshment  in 
a  long-handled  dipper. 

The  only  advantage  these  dingy,  dark  school  rooms  had 
over  the  later  schools  was  that  the  aisles  were  necessarily  short, 
and  the  terror  Avhich  overtook  a  pupil  when  on  Friday  after- 
noon he  made  his  way  to  the  platform  to  "speak  his  piece" 
was  of  short  duration.  In  the  intermediate  department  of  the 
old  high  school,  where  the  aisles  were  interminable,  a  pupil  had 
time  to  have  one  or  two  attacks  of  "blind  staggers"  before  he 
or  she  reached  the  platfoi'ui  to  recite  "Gray's  Elegy"  or  read 


lllSTOliY  OF  'I'lJIMIU  LL  COrXTV  397' 

an  essay  on  "Spring."  After  more  than  half  a  lifetime,  with 
its  sorrows  of  many  kinds,  the  anthor  still  shivers  at  the  thought 
of  Friday  afternoon,  and  when  she  sees  the  pupils  of  today, 
unoonseiously  and  naturally,  without  getting  white  and  red  by 
turns,  without  putting  their  fingers  in  their  mouths,  or  twisting 
up  the  corners  of  their  aprons,  recite  and  sing  and  read,  she 
wonders  what  was  the  matter  with  the  old  method  wliicli  was 
persecution  and  crucifixion. 

In  isr)4.  ]\Iay  1!),  a  meeting  was  held  in  "Empire  Hall," 
Iddings  lUock,  the  lower  part  of  which  is  now  occupied  by  Albert 
Guarnieri,  to  jirovide,  by  taxation,  for  money  to  build  school- 
houses.  Six  thousand  dollars  was  considered  a  sufficient  sum.  A 
month  or  two  later  the  lot  on  Monroe  street,  together  with  the 
old  building,  was  bought  from  Joseph  Perkins  for  $1,40(1. 
(Whether  Mr.  Perkins  had  allowed  the  old  trustees  to  put  a 
building  on  his  lot,  or  whether  he  was  acting  in  an  official 
capacity,  is  not  certain.)  The  lot  niton  which  the  present  Tod 
Avenue  school  stands  was  bought  of  Anna  J.  Gordon  for  $500. 
A  year  later,  Edward  E.  Hoyt  &  Co.  sold  for  $900  the  lot  upon 
which  was  a  frame  building,  on  Park  avenue,  lot  now  owned 
by  William  Henderson  Company.  The  first  Iniilding  was 
repaired  and  made  into  two  schools. 

The  first  school  held  on  Quinby  Hill  (West  Side)  was  in 
the  dwelling  of  Petei'  Gaskill.  ]Iis  wife,  Dorcas,  was 
the  teacher.  Her  father  was  an  educated  Hishman,  who 
taught  the  first  select  school  in  New  Castle  in  1825.  Dor- 
cas attended  the  early  Warren  schools,  receiving  in 
struction  from  Eunice  Towne,  Daniel  Jagger  and  Junius  Dana. 
She  fii-st  taught  at  the  age  of  thirteen.  One  of  the  first  build- 
ings she  occupied  as  a  schoolhouse  was  on  the  property  latei- 
owned  by  the  first  St.  Mary's  church.  When  the  home  of 
Edward  Spear,  Sr.,  stood  where  the  Methodist  church  now  is, 
she  had  a  school  there.  At  different  times  she  taught  in  the 
session  room  of  the  old  Presbyterian  church,  in  the  session 
room  of  the  Methodist  church,  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  in 
the  King  Block,  and  later  in  a  number  of  private  dwellings. 
She  was  never  sarcastic  to  her  pupils  and  never  critical  of 
pupil,  parent  or  condition.  She  lived  until  1908,  and  never 
ceased  to  have  an  interest  in  the  schools  of  the  city.  She  taught 
about  fiftv  vears,  and  had  the  record  for  longest  teaching,  with 


■J9S  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

the  exception  of  Miss  Lottie  Sackett,  who  taught  thirteen  years 
in  colleges  and  academies  and  forty  years  in  the  public  schools. 

Miss  Sackett  is  the  daughter  of  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Canfield,  and  spent  most  of  her  life  in  the  family  of  her  sister, 
Mrs.  Harmon  Austin,  and  is  now  retired  as  a  teacher  and  makes 
her  home  with  her  niece,  Nellie  Austin  Pendleton.  Through 
her  acquaintance  in  school  and  church,  she  probably  knows  more 
people  in  Warren  and  vicinity  than  any  other  one  person.  She 
began  her  teaching  in  the  Warren  schools  under  J.  D.  Cox, 
though  she  first  taught  in  the  family  of  Mr.  Henry,  in  Austin- 
town.  She  taught  under  Mr.  Leggett,  Mr.  Marvin,  Mr.  Cald- 
well and  Mr.  Moultou.  For  some  time  she  had  a  private  school 
at  301  High  street.  She  also  taught  in  Youngstown,  in  Alli- 
ance, in  the  Girls'  Seminary  at  Mount  Vernon,  and  in  Hiram 
College. 

In  1855  $8,000  was  raised  by  taxation,  and  a  brick  high 
school  building  was  begun.  Richard  Craven  and  Soule  &  John- 
son were  awarded  the  contract  for  the  building  and  it  was 
finished  the  following  year.  The  Gibson  family,  for  several 
generations,  have  been  bricklayers,  plasterers  and  contractors, 
and  Eobert  Gibson  helped  make  the  brick  for  this  first  school- 
house.  In  1857  the  first  diplomas  were  granted.  A  i^ieture  of 
this  first  school  building,  j^ublished  in  the  Chronicle,  speaks 
of  the  elegance  of  the  building,  its  beautiful  location,  its  appa- 
ratus for  natural  sciences,  its  splendid  teachers ;  states  that  the 
academic  year  will  consist  of  three  terms  of  fourteen  weeks 
each  and  that  at  the  close  of  the  first  and  second  term  there  will 
be  a  vacation  of  one  week.  "The  second  day  of  the  county  fair, 
Thauksgiviug  day,  the  25tli  of  December  and  the  1st  of  January 
will  be  regarded  as  liolidays." 

In  1859  the  Warren  school  district  was  enlarged,  taking 
in  some  of  the  township  of  Howland,  and  some  of  the  district 
of  west  Warren.  In  1864  a  two-story  brick  schoolhouse  was 
erected  on  the  lot  bought  of  Anna  Gordon,  and  upon  which 
the  present  Tod  Avenue  building  stands.  The  amount  voted  for 
this  building  was  $3,500.  In  1862  the  average  monthly  wages 
of  the  teachers  in  the  state  of  Ohio  was:  males,  $27.81; 
females,  $16.05. 

So  much  interest  and  pride  was  there  in  the  early  schools 
that  the  pupils  of  those  days  always  speak  with  the  greatest 
deference  and  reverence  of  the  first  three  superintendents,  Gen- 


HISTORY  OF  TEr:MBULL  COUXTY  299 

eral  Leggett,  General  Cox  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Marvin.  The  latter 
resigned  in  1862,  when  he  becames  a  professor  in  Allegheny 
College  at  Meadville.  Hugh  J.  Caldwell  became  superintendent 
in  '63,  serving  three  years.  lie  received  the  highest  salary 
the  third  year  of  any  of  the  four,  was  a  good  superintendent, 
later  moved  to  Cleveland,  where  he  became  judge  and  where 
he  still  resides. 

The  first  three  superintendents  served  ))efore  the  author's 
time,  but  Mr.  Caldwell  was  the  first  superintendent  under  whom 
slie  studied.  She  remembers  him  as  a  large,  pleasant,  firm 
man,  who  frightened  herself  and  her  companions  nearly  to 
death  when  he  visited  the  schools.  It  was  the  same  kind  of 
fright  as  a  child  of  today  has  of  a  policeman.  After  he  had 
been  in  the  room  a  little  time  the  fear  wore  off,  and  then  she 
laughed  at  him  in  her  heart,  and  sometimes  out  loud,  because 
he  was  so  fat  that  it  was  hard  for  him  to  cross  one  leg  on  top 
of  the  other.  If  this  pupil  and  that  superintendent  were  to 
meet  today  the  laugh  would  be  on  the  other  side. 

One  of  the  early  teachers  in  the  high  school  was  Frances 
York,  now  Mrs.  William  T.  Spear.  There  never  was  a  better 
teacher  in  the  high  school  force.  "VMien  one  of  her  sons  entered 
college,  his  examinations  were  so  perfect  in  English  that  the 
professors  asked  who  Ms  teacher  had  been  and  he  proudly  and 
quickly  replied,  "My  mother."  Miss  York  had  exceptionally 
good  health.  Her  fair  complexion,  her  red  cheeks,  were  attract- 
ive, and  at  a  late  Alumna;  Association  meeting  one  of  her  old 
pupils,  a  man,  said  that  when  the  fire  needed  replenishing 
Miss  York  did  not  take  the  time  of  the  boys  to  bring  in  the 
coal  or  replenish  the  fire,  but  did  it  herself.  "I  can  see  her 
now,"  said  he,  "walking  down  the  aisle  with  a  full  pail  of 
coal  on  lier  arm,  teaching  as  she  went."  She  afterwards  mar- 
ried William  T.  Spear,  a  sketch  of  whose  life  is  given  elsewhere, 
although  he  lias  been  a  successful  man,  Mrs.  Spear  is  just  as 
strong  a  character  as  he,  and  would  have  been  able  to  do  just 
as  much  as  he  has,  had  she  been  a  man.  How  do  we  know 
that  the  work  which  is  known  as  "woman's  work,"  known  as 
the  "small  work,"  will  not  some  day  hold  as  exalted  a  place  in 
the  eyes  of  the  world  as  the  man's  work,  now  known  as  the 
"greater  work." 

Another  teacher  mider  Superintendent  Caldwell  was  Eoxy 
Wilcox.     She  taught  here  eight  years,   and  endeared  herself 


300  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

to  the  commuuity,  esijeoially  to  one  man,  wlio  waited  at  least 
twenty  years  for  lier  to  be  his  wife.  He  was  one  of  her  pupils. 
As  Eoxy  Wilcox  she  had  hosts  of  friends,  and  as  Mrs.  George 
Tayler  she  retained  her  old  friends  and  has  made  and  held 
many  new  ones. 

The  breaking  out  of  the  war  had  its  effect  upon  the  schools, 
as  well  as  n])on  the  business  and  home  life.  In  Trumbull  County 
it  was  liai'dly  thought  worth  while  to  hold  certain  district  schools 
in  winter,  because  the  attendance  was  so  small.  The  older  boys 
went  to  war,  and  for  that  reason  the  older  girls  had  to  do  double 
duty  at  home  and  had  no  time  for  stud}\  On  June  11,  1862, 
thirty  young  men  were  drawn  from  the  classes  of  the  city  schools 
to  go  to  war. 

The  wooden  buildings  on  Prospect  street,  High  street  and 
Park  avenue  (then  Liberty  street),  having  become  a  disgrace  to 
the  growing  town,  and  the  board  of  education  apparently  being- 
dilatory,  if  not  negligent  in  regard  to  them,  a  spirited  election 
took  place  in  the  summer  of  1869,  four  new  members  being- 
elected.  Almost  immediately  a  new  brick  schoolhouse  was 
erected  on  the  Park  avenue  lot.  The  entire  cost  of  completing 
and  finishing  this  building  was  $8,000.  Dr.  Julian  Harmon  and 
M.  B.  Tayler  were  the  building  committee;  the  superintendent, 
I.  N.  Dawson. 

Early  the  next  sjn-iug  the  High  street  lot  was  disposed  of. 
the  lot  where  the  pi-eseut  Market  street  building  stands  was 
purchased,  and  a  building  erected  thereon.  William  Ernst  and 
Joshua  R.  Seely  were  the  contractors.  The  building  commit- 
tee was  Dawson  and  Harmon,  Mr.  Dawson  acting  as 
superintendent,  also. 

The  funds  which  had  been  voted  were  exhausted  and  another 
bond  issue  was  made  for  $20,000.  With  this,  new  land  was 
added  to  the  Prospect  street  lot,  and  a  brick  house  erected, 
being  finished  in  1872.  Messrs.  Downs,  Elliott  &  Co.  and  Wil- 
kins  &  Sidells  were  the  builders.  T.  J.  ]\reLain  and  Julian 
Harmon  were  the  building  committee. 

The  next  year  the  same  committee  and  the  same  contractors 
erected   the  building  on   Fulton   street. 

During  Mr.  Caldwell's  time  an  intermediate  department  was 
started  in  the  high  school  building,  third  floor,  and  in  1874 
$3,000  were  expended  in  repairs  and  improvements  on  the  high 
school  building. 


HISTOKV   OF  TJv'r.MlULL  CorA'TV  301 

Although  the  term  of  service  of  the  tir.st  three  superiu- 
tendents  was  long,  the  fourth,  Mr.  Caldwell's,  rather  short, 
the  next  three  superintendents  served  altogether  only  four 
years— J.  J.  Childs,  in  1867;  William  H.  Pitt  followed  with  a 
term  of  two  years;  and  H.  B.  Furuass  began  his  services  on 
Sei)tember  1,  1869,  staying  only  one  year.  Mr.  Furuass  was  a 
strong  man,  and  introduced  some  new  systems  into  the  sdiodl. 
He  is  I'emembered  by  the  pupils  of  '6'.)  and  '70  l)y  the  sliii])ers 
which  he  wore  often  in  the  school  room,  rather  than  by  his  work. 

Ill  1871)  .1.  ( '.  Barney  became  sujierintendent  of  the  scli()t)is 
and  served  until  ]876.  He  was  aii  excellent  superintendent. 
J  lis  wife  was  pi-inci])ai  of  the  high  school.  She  was  an  excep- 
tional woman.  She  taught  faithfully  and  carefully  and  endeared 
her  pupils  to  her  as  slie  taught.  The  children  of  the  '7()s  who 
were  in  the  liigh  school  can  see  her  now  as  she  sat  in  her  chair 
behind  the  table  on  the  elevated  platform,  or  as  she  walked 
back  and  forth  with  her  delicate  fingers  handling  her  watch 
chain,  wliile  they  parrotted,  "The  moral  ipiality  of  an  action 
resides  in  the  intention,"  and  additional  pages  of  Wayland's 
;\[oral  Philosophy,  which  meant  nothing  in  the  world  to  them.  In 
those  days  the  pupil  who  had  the  best  memory  was  considered 
the  best  ])upil.  No  child  was  excr  asked  to  tell  the  story  in  his 
own  words.  That  the>-  di<l  not  rebel  against  some  of  the  things 
ill  thai  cours"  of  study  was  diic  largely  to  the  influence  of  ^Ir. 
and  Mrs.  IJarney.  We  can  sec  her  now,  with  her  soft  yellow 
hair,  braided  so  carefully  that  not  a  strand  was  out  of  place 
all  day,  and  her  light  brown  dress,  trimmed  with  darker  velvet, 
with  snoAv-white  niching  at  the  neck  and  hands.  This  careful 
detail  <is  to  dress  was  carried  out  as  to  pedagogy. 

It  was  (hiring  the  adniinistiatioii  of  ]Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  Barney 
that  Lafayette  Herzog,  a  Warren  attorney,  took  a  course  in 
German,  stood  at  the  head  of  his  class,  received  almost  daily 
the  coinineiidatioii  of  his  teacher,  Aviiile  some  of  the  yniiiils 
jealously  wii)e(l  their  eyes  liecause  they  could  not  ]iut  a  whole 
sentence  between  the  auxiliary  and  the  verb  or  could  not  get 
the  umlaut  iiroperly.  His  teachers  did  not  know,  neither  did  his 
fellow  ])n]iils.  until  the  end  of  the  course,  that  he  spoke  German 
at  home  ;nid  that  his  educated  German  mother  was  his  real 
teacher. 

^Iv.  and  ;\rrs.  Barney  have  devoted  their  whole  life  to 
teachinii'.     Thev  are  both  still  living. 


30-2  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

lu  1875  a  lot  ou  First  street  was  purchased  at  the  cost  of 
$800,  aud  in  1876-77  the  present  building  was  erected  on 
this  lot. 

In  1879  fifty-four  pupils  were  crowded  out  of  the  Prospect 
and  East  Market  Street  schools  and  a  building  belonging  to 
Mrs.  W.  T.  Van  Gorder,  on  Pine  street,  was  rented  for  their 
accommodation  aud  Mrs.  Dorcas  Gaskill,  who  had  taught  a  se- 
lect school  in  that  building,  was  elected  teacher. 

The  following  year,  1880,  148  scholars  were  enrolled  in  the 
intermediate  school.  This  was  entirely  too  many  for  every 
reason,  and  the  upper  room  in  the  First  street  building  was 
fitted  up  as  an  intermediate  school  and  in  the  spring  forty 
pupils  were  transferred  to  that  building. 

In  1880  the  school  room  on  Pine  street  was  not  very  satis- 
factory because  it  was  on  the  street,  with  no  playgrounds,  and 
several  suggestions  for  enlarging  Market  Street  or  some  of 
the  schools  were  made.  The  board  was  not  satisfied  with  any 
of  these  suggestions,  and  the  thought  became  general  that  a 
central  granmiar  school  would  better  be  erected  instead.  Dur- 
ing the  year  1882-83  a  liigh  school  building  was  erected  on 
Monroe  street.  The  citizens  took  a  great  pride  in  this  building. 
It  was  heated  by  steam,  had  grates  in  every  room,  the  furniture 
was  of  approved  order,  and  it  was  well  lighted.  It  cost  nearly 
$40,000.  The  contractors  were  Joshua  E.  Seely  and  Eobert 
Wilkins,  and  Henry  Ernst  was  the  superintendent. 

In  the  report  which  Samuel  F.  Dickey,  as  president  of  the 
board  of  education  for  the  year  1884-85,  presented  he  says: 
"There  is  still  need  of  a  new  building."  This  has  been  the 
experience  of  every  board  of  education  from  the  beginning  of 
tiie  Warren  schools.  As  soon  as  one  building  is  completed  it  is 
seen  that  it  is  insufficient. 

There  was  at  that  time  a  primary  school  of  fifty  or  sixty 
pupils  in  a  house  on  High  street,  the  primary  school  at  East 
Market  was  crowded,  therefore  the  board  of  education  pur- 
chased a  lot  at  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Scott  streets,  aud  Mr. 
Dickey  says:  "Wlien  this  house  is  built  our  city  will  be  well 
provided  with  school  accommodations  for  many  years."  Just 
as  every  board  of  education  has  made  the  statement  given  in 
the  paragraph  above,  so  has  every  board  believed  with  Mr. 
Dickey,  to  find  itself  mistaken. 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 

FIRST    BRICK    HIGH    SCHOOL. 


'>"^- 


(LoaneJ   by  the  Tribune.) 


EAST  SIDE  HIGH  SCHOOL,  WITH  GLIMPSE  OF  CENTRAL 
GRAMMAR    SCHOOL. 


HISTORY  OF  TRmiBULL  COUNTY  303 

The  Elm  street  scboolhouse  was  built  in  1885.  It  stands  on 
the  corner  of  Scott  and  Elm  streets.  The  soil  of  the  grounds 
is  of  a  very  clayey  nature,  and  here  the  bricks  for  the  tirst 
court  house  were  made.  The  plans  for  this  building  were  made 
by  John  Eikerman  and  it  was  designed  for  a  four-room  build- 
ing. The  hall  and  two  rooms  on  the  north  were  built.  The  town 
did  not  grow  in  that  direction  and  the  other  two  rooms  have 
never  been  added.  The  erection  of  the  grammar  school  on 
Harmon  street  relieved  the  congestion  in  that  part  of  town. 
The  Elm  street  schoolhouse  is  in  nice  repair,  having  been  lately 
supplied  with  a  new  furnace.  It  cost  $12,000,  and  the  building- 
committee  were  Messrs.  Spear,  Angstadt  and  Dickey. 

A  lot  was  purchased  on  the  corner  of  Mercer  and  Belmont 
in  1890  from  Jacob  B.  Perkins  for  $2,600.  A  temporary  frame 
school  was  erected,  which  was  occupied  until  the  Central  Gram- 
mar building  was  finished.  It  was  then  used  for  a  dwelling, 
for  the  Grace  Evangelical  church,  and  tinall)^  sold  to  ]\[r. 
Stewart,  who  removed  it  to  Olive  street,  where  it  now  stands. 

In  1892  some  land  was  bought  of  A.  E.  Andrews  for  $1,700, 
another  portion  from  the  estate  of  Turhaud  K.  Hall  for  $900, 
another  portion  from  Dr.  Julian  Harmon  for  $2,300.  This, 
together  with  a  portion  from  the  high  school  ground,  furnished 
the  land  upon  which  the  Central  Grammar  school  was  erected. 
The  work  was  begun  in  1892.  The  bond  issue  for  this  was 
$30,000,  but  before  it  was  completed  the  board  of  education 
realized  that  the  school  was  not  going  to  furnish  the  relief 
exjDected,  and  they  added  a  third  story.  This  story  has  been 
occupied  by  one  or  more  schools  every  year  since  the  building 
was  erected,  save  one.  There  has  always  been  objection  on  the 
part  of  the  board,  and  of  the  patrons  of  the  school  as  well,  to  the 
use  of  this  as  a  school  room  (it  was  intended  for  a  hall),  but 
the  constant  increase  of  the  schools  makes  it  compulsory.  The 
building  committee  for  the  Central  Grammar  school  was  C.  H. 
Angstadt,  Kennedy  Andrews  and  S.  F.  Dickey.  John  L.  Smith 
was  superintendent  of  construction. 

A  new  building  was  erected  on  the  Tod  avenue  lot  in  1897. 
Tliis  cost  $20,000  and  was  at  its  time  the  finest  public  building 
in  the  way  of  heating  and  sanitation  in  the  city.  The  architects 
were  Ousley  &  Boucherle,  of  Youngstown.  Among  the  con- 
tractors were  AVentz,  and  Bartlett  Brothers  Company.  The 
building  committee  was  comjiosed  of  Messrs.  Craig,  Angstadt 


4504  IIISTOIJV   OK  TKI'.MIULL  CULWTY 

and  MiU-hell.  This  buildiug  liacl  i^ix  .school  rooms  and  two 
.smaller  rooms,  one  for  sujierintendent's  office.  It  was  not  long 
before  the  six  school  rooms  were  crowded,  and  one  of  the  small 
rooms  has  been  occupied  by  a  school  for  some  years.  Before 
the  erection  of  this  building-  there  was  a  great  deal  of  talk 
among  the  patrons  of  the  school  as  to  the  unruly  behavior  of  the 
children  of  that  portion  of  the  city.  In  certain  parts  of  that 
school  district  there  were  many  children  who  had  little  or  no 
discipline  at  home  and  few  advantages.  This  new  building 
])roduced  the  most  wondrous  effect  on  the  children.  They  took 
great  pride  in  it  and  were  elevated  by  their  surroundings. 

The  writer  cannot  jtass  the  Tod  Avenue  school  without 
paying  a  slight  tribute  to  Mrs.  Gertrude  Alderman,  who  has 
been  the  only  woman  principal  of  graimnar  grades  in  Warren 
since  the  separate  grammar  schools  were  erected.  She  has 
more  influence  over  her  pupils  than  any  other  principal  we  ever 
have  had,  and  the  teachers  under  her  love  her  to  such  a  degree 
that  they  reliel  against  any  thought  of  transference  to  other 
Iniildings. 

In  1899  a  bond  issue  of  .+;i(),0!)()  was  approved  by  the  voters 
for  the  erection  of  the  Market  Street  school  building.  The  old 
brick  schoolhouse  was  torn  down  and  one  of  the  finest  buildings 
in  the  city  erected.  It  has  nine  rooms,  wide  hall,  plenty  of  light, 
best  of  ventilation.  This  building  was  intended  as  an  eight 
room  building,  but  was  tinally  constructed  with  nine  rooms,  and 
before  the  end  of  the  first  year  every  seat  was  tilled.  In  1898 
two  women  were  elected  to  the  school  board  under  the  new 
school  law.  There  had  been  two  vacancies  on  the  board.  Mr. 
B.  F.  Craig  had  died,  and  the  board  was  asked  to  fill  the  vacancy 
by  appointing  a  woman.  It  considered  the  matter  and  decided 
not  to  do  it.  One  of  the  men  on  the  board  who  was  favorable 
to  the  a])pointment  of  women  was  George  Mitchell,  the  presi- 
dent. However,  he  was  in  the  minority.  A  little  time  there- 
after he  was  seized  with  an  acute  illness  and  died.  Again  the 
board  was  asked  to  appoint  a  woman.  Again  it  refused.  The 
women  making  this  request  had  no  bitterness  of  feeling  at  the 
refusal,  candidly  saying  if  they  were  men  and  did  not  believe 
in  woman  suffrage  they  would  have  done  the  same  thing.  How- 
ever, they  determined  to  have  two  candidates  at  the  next  regular 
election.  Mr.  Jules  Vautrot  and  Walter  D.  C*ampbell  had  been 
ap))oint('d  to  these  vacancies.    Four  of  the  men  stood  for  re-elec- 


I 


yp.   -,r|- 


r    1;    11     '^ 


,         .1     '. 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 

CENTRAL    GRAMMAR    SCHOOL. 


HISTORY  or  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  305 

tion,  and  two  women,  Carrie  P.  Harringtou  and  Harriet  T. 
Upton,  went  before  the  primaries  as  candidates.  Mr.  Gillmer 
had  been  in  tlie  position  of  president,  and  Mr.  Weir  treasurer, 
for  many  years.  The  two  women  received  the  higiiest  votes, 
Mr.  Gillmer  and  Mr.  Weir  the  next,  Mr.  Vautrot  and  Mr. 
Campbell  being  defeated.  Although  the  men  had  opposed 
women  going  onto  the  lioard,  when  they  really  were  elected  they 
treated  them  with  the  greatest  courtesy  and  equality.  This  can- 
not be  said  of  some  boards  in  other  parts  of  the  state,  but  it  is 
true  of  the  Warren  board. 

When  the  Market  Street  school  was  constructed  the  com- 
mittee consisted  of  two  men  and  two  women.  This  was  the  tirst 
time  that  women  had  been  connected  with  the  construction 
of  any  large  public  building  in  Trumbull  County.  The  architect 
of  this  building  was  George  F.  Hammond,  of  Cleveland,  and  the 
contractors  were  Bartlett  Brothers,  Wentz  &  Co.,  Peck-William- 
son Company.  The  superintendent  of  construction  was  Mr. 
Charles  H.  Craig. 

In  1902  bonds  for  $30,000  were  issued  for  repairing  the 
high  school  building.  The  front  part  of  the  building  was  used, 
and  about  a  third  added  to  it  in  the  rear.  The  lower  floor  was 
used  for  the  science  department  and  the  upper  floor  for  the 
assembly  room.  This  assembly  room  seated  about  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty  and  at  the  end  of  the  first  year  all  were  filled. 

In  proportion  to  the  population,  more  children  attend  the 
Warren  schools  than  attend  the  schools  of  other  cities  in  the 
state.  Warren  is  unlike  many  other  county  seats  in  that  it  is 
not  a  school  center.  The  larger  towns,  Newton  Falls,  Niles, 
Cortland,  Girard,  have  good  schools,  and  a  large  number  of  the 
townships  have  centralized  schools.  The  AVarren  Tribune  is 
the  authority  for  the  statement  that  in  recent  years  52  per 
cent  of  the  high  school  graduates  have  entered  universities, 
colleges,  or  other  institutions  of  learning.  Of  the  forty-four 
graduates  in  1906,  nineteen  began  courses  in  these  institutions; 
of  the  thirty-eight  in  1907,  twenty-four;  of  the  thirty-four  in 
1908,  sixteen. 

There  are  about  3,000  children  of  school  age  in  the  town  of 
Warren.  Charles  E.  Carey  is  the  superintendent,  and  the  fol- 
lowing is  a  list  of  the  teachers : 


sou 


HISTOKY  OF  TRUMBLLL  COUNTY 


(Vry,  Chemistry-Physiology. 
Mc'lhi'inutics. 


Hi  (/It  School. 

F.  E.  Ostrander,  Principal. 

■Virginia  Eeiil,  Latin-Greek. 

Jennie  Delin,  English-Mathematics 

Alice  Bowen,  German. 

Ethel  Crandall,  History-EngUsli. 

Edna  Perry,  English. 

Helen  E.  Sweet,  Latin. 

M.  N.  Fitzgerald,  Commercial. 

Evan  L.  Tvl.-i 

Harley  Miii 

A.  B.   Fr.ist,    I'hy^irs. 

Elizabeth   Gillmer. 

Alice  Hall. 

Mabel  Truesdcll. 

Inez  White. 

Central   Oiuiiiiiiu 

Daniel  Guiney,  Principal. 

Anna  Spear. 

Clara  Chase. 

Mary  "Wilcox. 

Myrta  Keeler. 

Mattie  Gillmer. 

Mabel  Eeid. 

Mary  Izaut. 

Zilla   Spear. 

Mildred  Heppell. 


First  Street. 


Alice  Baldwin. 
Mary  Wark. 
Emma  Ripley. 


Market  Street. 
\Vm.   S.  Gledhill,  Principal. 
.\ettio  B.   Mathews. 
Bernice   Gilmore. 
Grace    Kiehols. 
Madge   vVhitney. 
Addie  Swisher. 
Lulu   Nenton. 
Maude  Fox. 
Gertrude  E.   Miller. 

Tod   Areniu. 
Gertrude  Alderman,  Principal. 
Harriett  Fletcher. 
Anna  Horton. 
Georgia  Lee  Eobinson. 
May  Holloway. 
Grace  Somerwill. 
Minnie  Bishop. 

Fulton  Street. 
Mary  Kearney. 
Kittle   Howard. 

Elm  Street. 
Carolyn  Taggart. 
Lucy  Beach. 

Prosjiect  Street. 
Lillian  Meeker. 
Melda   Morgan. 

Miisie. 
Olney  Manville. 

Drairing. 
Maybella   A.   Chapman. 


List  of  Verniers  of  Board  of  Education 
Since  Its  Organi::ation. 


Mathew  Birchard. 
Eufus  P.  Eanney. 
Joseph  Perkins. 
George  Tayler. 
B.  P.  Jameson. 
John   Hutchins. 
Azor   Abell. 
Zalmon  Fitch. 
Mathew  B.  Tayler. 
Ira  L.  Fuller. 
Henry  B.  Perkins. 
Julian   Harmon. 
T.    E.   AVebb. 
Wm.    Eitczel. 
J.  H.   McCombs. 
John  L.  Weeks. 
Charles  A.  Harrington. 
Thomas  J.   McLain,  Jr. 
I.  N.  Dawson, 
.lohn  S.  Edwards. 
O.   H.   Patch. 
.1.  J.  Gillmer. 


Julius  King. 
Charles   C.   Adams. 
George  B.  Kennedy. 
Seth    M.   Laird. 
S.  F.  Dickey. 

A.  F.   Spear. 
Wm.  M.  Lane. 
Dr.  I.  A.  Thayer. 
Kennedy  Andrews. 
C.  H.  Angstadt. 
H.  C.  Christy. 
Henrv  Bohl. 

W.   C.   Caldwell. 
T.  Kinsman. 
L.  C.  .lones. 
S.  B.  Craig. 
Marshall  Woodford. 
George   Mitchell. 

B.  F.  Craig. 
Henry  B.  Weir. 
II.  .1.  Barnes. 
T.  H.  Gillmer. 


lllSTOltY  OF  TI}U:\IBULL  COUNTY  307 

AV.  D.  riniii.tiell.  Kchvard    A.    Voit. 

Carrie    P.    Jlarrinynm.  Wm.    C.    Ward. 

Harriet  T.  Upton.  If.  H.  Sutherland. 

B.   F.    Wonders.  S.   ( '.   Iddings. 

Charles  II.  Aiig>t;ult  has  the  honor  of  serviug  the  h)u<i-est 
term  as  member  of  the  Warren  school  board.  He  was  a  member 
of  that  body  twenty-two  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
building  eommittee  which  constructed  all  of  the  later  buildings. 
He  refused  to  serve  longer  and  in  11)03  was  succeeded  by  8.  C. 
Iddings. 

List   of   Suptiiiitcnihuls   of    ll'ancii 
Sclioo/s  .Siiicc    hS-il). 

Salary.  Salary. 

1849,  M.    D.    Leggett,    1    yr $    700  1, SOS,  Henry    B.    Furuass.     I     \r,.^L',o6o 

18.50,  Jacob   D.   Cox,   3   yrs (iOO  1S69,  J.  C.  Barney.  6  yrs.  ...'...    1,800 

1853,  .Tames   Marvin,    8   yrs 1,200  1875,  Edwin  F.  Moulton,  111  vi-s..    1,900 

1861,  Hugh  .1.  Caldwell.  4  yrs 1,300        1888,  Jas.  Lasley,  3  yrs '.....    1,500 

I860,  J.    .r.    ChiKls,    1    yr 1,L'00        1891,  R.    S.    Thoraasi    6    vrs L',000 

18G6.  W.    H.    Pitt,    2    yrs 1.200        1897,  C.   E.  Carey,  12  yr.s 2,500 

The  ]i]'eanible  to  the  constitution  of  the  Warren  High  School 
Alumni  Association  reads  as  follows: 

•  A\'e,  the  graduates  of  AVarren  High  School — to  jjerfect 
and  cement  more  certainly  friendship  and  comity  worthy 
of  descendants  of  the  same  Alma  Mater — to  secure  and 
preserve  by  full  minutes  of  our  proceedings  faithful  records 
of  the  ])rogress  of  the  institution  and  the  alumni  to  a  degree 
not  attainable  so  easily  and  surely  by  any  other  means,  to 
ett'ect  by  literary  and  other  exercises  our  mutual  improve- 
ment, do  adopt  for  the  basis  of  our  government  the  following 
Constitution : 

This  stilted  style  strikes  us,  of  this  da.y  of  short  sentences, 
as  being  almost  ludicrous. 

List  of  (irddiiiifcs  SInre  flic  Organiz<iiii)ii  of  flir  I'uhlic  Scliool.s. 

Cld.ss  of  lS.->7.  Mary  .1.  Hutcliins. 

Eliza   M.   Smith.  Ophelia  E.  Carrier. 

Marv  Mi-Ewen.  .\rtelissa   H.   Hull. 

Harvey  C.  Clark.  Rachel  Ross. 

Ella  Reeves. 

'"'«■'•■■■-■  <'f  ^S°S-  Sarah  J.  Allison. 

Mary  E.  Doud.  .Maggie   K.   Harmon. 

Sarah  H.  Douglass.  George  Baldwin. 

Eliza  S.  Smith.  .Tolin  S.  Ewalt. 

Edward  W.  Hoyt.  Charles   S.    Abell. 
Mary   MeQuiston.  ^-.^.^^^^  ^^^.  ^^^,_^ 

(loss  of   IS50.  (ieorge  W.  Millikin. 

John   C.   Hutchius.  Welty  Wilson. 

Kate  Mc<^uiston.  ^  Henry  Woodruff. 


308 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 


Class  of  1S61. 

Cornelia  II.  Fuller. 
Louisa  A.  Brown. 
Mary  Bascom. 
Julia  Baldwin. 
Laura  Bell. 
Heury  H.  Townsend. 
(.'lKirle,s  H.   Frazier. 

Class  of  1862. 
Horace  L.  Fuller. 
Lizzie  Baldwin. 
Jennie  Birchard. 
Jennie  E.  Clark. 
Franc  P.  Harmon. 
Justine  L.  Iddings. 
Maria  Bobbins. 
Amelia  D.  Webb. 

Class  of  1S6S. 
Emma  S.  Sutliff. 
Helen  F.  Siitliflf. 
Jennie  Sniitb. 
Carrie  L.  Sbaler. 
Florence  Townsend. 
Carrie  M.  Carter. 
Olive  A.  Allison. 
Emma  Frazier. 
Gertrude  O.  Tayler. 
8usan  R.  McLain. 
Anna  Hoisengton. 
Edwin  a.   Andrews. 
William  Ccicbrin. 

Class  of  1S64. 
riiarles  G.  Burton. 
( 'lara  E.  8oule. 
Maria  K.  Black. 
Nellie  King. 
Louisa  Marvin. 

Class  of  1865. 
Sarah  Reeves. 
Helen  A.  Tayler. 
Kate  L.  Sutliff. 
Frances  Soule. 
George  H.  Tayler. 

Class  of  1866. 
Olive  Smith. 
Charlotte  McCombs. 
Maria  Smith. 
Mattie  A.  Harmon. 
Elizabeth  L.  Iddings. 
Mary  Fitch. 
Lizzie  S.  Fuller. 
Henera  McQuiston. 
Clara  Harmon. 
Emma  Brooks. 
Charles  F.   Harrington. 
George  L.  Jameson.  ^ 

David  B.  Estabrook. 
Roscoe  0.  Hawkins. 


Class  of  1867. 
Olive  Graeter. 
ilaiy  Bradford. 
Edward  Dickey. 
Charles  S.  Freer. 

C'Mss  of  1868. 
Alice  E.  Briscoe. 
Ada  S.  Xoble. 
Minnie  E.  Richmond. 
Mary  Ensign. 
Louise  A.  Andrews. 

Class  of  1869. 
Flora  Forbis. 
Belle  H.  Sutliff. 
Ella  P.  Fuller. 
Jerusha  Webb. 
Mary  E.  Patch. 

Class  of  1870. 
Ella  Van  Gorder. 
Frederika  E.  Graeter. 
Eugene  L.  Weeks. 
Emma  Min  Young. 
Beniamiu  L.   MilUkin. 
Kittie  E.  Howard. 
Maria  L.  Tayler. 
Fannie  M.   Dickey. 
Mary  V.  Brett. 

Class  of  1871. 
Albert  H.  Van  Gorder. 
Clarence  L.  Ward. 
Frank  M.  Ritezel. 
Mary  E.  Jameson. 
Martha  J.  Fox. 
Addie  B.  Parish. 
Jennie  E.  Homan. 
Hattie  L.  Abell. 

Class  of  1872. 
Lucius  E.  Fuller. 
Olive  B.  Van  Gorder. 
Nellie  K.  Austin. 

Class  of  1873. 
Frank  D.   McLain. 
David  Jameson. 
Hattie  A.  Taylor. 
Nellie  G.  Brooks. 
Mary  E.  Field. 
Emma  Christianar. 

Class  of  1874. 
R.  Buel  Love. 
Louis  R.  Dawson. 
Mary  C.  McXutt. 
Anna  G.  Wheeler. 
Alice  M.  Thompson. 
Jennie  Tyler. 
Belle  Graeter. 

Class  of  1875. 
J.   LaFayette  Herzog. 
Frank  F.  Reed. 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 


309 


Hal.  K.  Taylor. 
Almon  D.  Webb. 
Frederick   K.   Smith. 
Edward  J.  Wheeler. 
Lottie  J.  Tayler. 
Marion  Davidson. 
Mary  S.   Tuttle. 

Class  of  1S7G. 
Ida   J.  Brett. 
M.  Libbie  Brown. 
Alice  H.  Lattin. 
Mary  B.  Perkins. 
Olive  D.  Perkins. 
Charles  B.  Ball. 
Florence  F.  Eawdon. 
Mary  L.  Selkirk. 
Phebe  T.  Sutliff. 

Class  of  1877. 
Grace  H.  Adams. 
Minnie  C.  Foote. 
Minnie  M.  Howard. 
Mary  F.   Kinney. 
Mary  E.  Messerschmidt. 
Julia  L.  Pratt. 
Hattie  L.  Pratt. 
Florence  Tayler. 

Class  of  1S7S. 
Alice  Christianar. 
Ad(Ue  J.  Reid. 
Lucy  B.  Tayler. 
Adilie  M.  VanGorder. 
Robert   S.   VanGorder. 

Class  of   lS?i). 
Jcannie  D.  Brown. 
Gertie  A.  Campbell. 
Maggie  Clement. 
Cornelia  M.   Harmon. 
Agnes  E.  Hazeu. 
Carrie  J.  Hummel. 
Mabel  L.  King. 
Jennie  M.  Landers. 
Alice  M.  Lucas. 
Carrie  L.  Park. 
Lizzie  Reid. 
Laura  P.  Smith. 
Olive  S.   Tayler. 
Jidwin  S.  Yeomans. 
Anna  L.  Wolcott. 

Class  of  ISSO. 
Nellie  Brady. 
Grace  C.  Brown. 
Maggie  E,  Fox. 
Jessie  F.  Freer. 
Frank  F.  Fuller. 
Allie  1.  Hall. 
Nellie  F.  Hull. 
Mary  Izant. 
Mame  S.  Jones. 
Carrie  L.  Pond. 


Doll  M.   Richards. 
Lydia  B.  Sutlift'. 

Class  of  ISSl. 
Mary   E.   Andrews. 
Grant    Byard. 
Nellie  C."  Darling. 
Charles   E.  Clapp. 
Robert   Hoag. 
Maude   L.   Moulton. 
Anna  C.   Sidels. 
Will  E.   Tuttle. 
Lillian   M.    Tyler. 

Class  of  ISSJ. 
Benjamin   Anderson. 
Lizzie  Biggars. 
Louis  Spear. 
Charles   Smith. 

Class  of  18SS. 
Mabel  Adams. 
Olive  Brown. 
Mary  Carney. 
Addison  I'ee. 
•Jennie   Geuss. 
Charles  Gibbons. 
Ella  Uarwood. 
Anna  Jameson. 
Bosa  Miller. 
Nettie  Thayer. 
Cloyde  Smith. 
Charles   Wilkins. 

Class  of  1834. 
Josie  C.  DeForest. 
Tryon    G.    Dunham. 
Rita  E.  Hucke. 
Frank  B.  Minor. 
Angle  Peck. 
Grace  H.  Reid. 
Sally  H.  Woods. 

Class  of  1885. 
Eleouore    B.    Gibson. 
Louise   P.   Senior. 
Will  C.  Ward. 
Helen  R.  Adams. 
Grace  E.  Brierly. 
Agnes    M.   Hamilton. 
Anna    M.    Spear. 

Cla.is  of  1S86. 
Charles  Adams. 
Jennie  Dillert. 
Allison  Gibbons. 
Frank   Longmore. 
Franc  Matthews. 
Frank  McBerty. 
Emerson    VanGorder. 
Jennie  M.  Adams. 
Etta  S.  Adams. 
Rosa  A.  Barringer. 
Clara  J.  Biggera. 


310 


HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 


John   S.   Cailawaltler. 
Mabel   Catlton. 
Louise  M.  Deitz. 
Bpvt   H.   D'Tnns. 

Class  of  1SS7. 
Lillian  I.  Damon. 
Fred  W.  Adams. 
Kate  M.  Clapp. 
Grace  Carlton. 
Mattie  L.  Gillmor. 
Lucy  A.  Hapgood. 
Martha  C.  Hoyt. 
Frank  P.  Bartholomew. 
Isabel  Palmer. 
OUve  M.  Palmiter, 
CornoUa  U.  Smith. 
Zell  P.  Smith. 
Stella   M.  Eoberts. 
Mabelle  A.  Boss. 
Julia  A.  Smith. 
Gertrude  Wilkins. 
Mary  C.  "Wheeler. 
Benjamin  C.  Van  Wye. 

Class  of  18S8. 
Alice  Brooks. 
Lulu  Conzett. 
Laura  Christianar. 
Susie   Cordell. 
C.  W.  Foulk, 
Anna  Parker. 
Amelia  Gross. 
Clara  Hunt. 
Vinona  Printz. 
Jolin  McClelland. 
Cora  Lampson. 
Zilla  Spear. 
Lucy  VanWye. 

Class  of  1889. 
Mary  Babbitt. 
Minnie  Beck. 
Jennie    McCracken. 
T'annie  Cline. 
Maude  Long. 
Blanche  Baldwin. 
William  Volt. 
Almon  G.  "Ward. 
Carrie   Christianar. 
May  Kirkpatriek. 
Frank  Parks. 
"Virginia  Eeid. 
"^'ard   JlcKee. 

Class  of  1890. 
William   L.   "WoodroTT. 
(Jeorgia  A.   Palmer. 
Homer  A.  Eeid. 
Annie  C.  ?.lackey.  . 

David  "W.  Drennen.  \ 

Lillian  B.  McKee. 
Amasa  Day  Cook. 


Gertrude  E.  Eicksecker. 
E.   Burt   Kernohan. 
.Mary  F.   Estabrook. 
.James  D.  Brooks. 
Etta  Alice  Lewis. 
Carrie  Dora  Ciloeckle. 
Ella  Van  Tuyl. 
Delia  Craft. 

Class  of  1801. 
George  Baehr. 
Minnie  Bishop. 
Clara  Briscoe. 
.\iinnie   Driiy. 
Edward  Gibbons. 
Susie  Ingersoll. 
Esther  Jones. 
Bertha  Kirkpatriek. 
ilabel  Long. 
Ida  Warren. 
Glenn   C.   Webster. 

Class  of  1892. 
Amarilla  Dawson, 
ilary  Andrews, 
ilat'ilda  Gloeckle. 
.lohn  Leslie. 
Ella  P.  Harmon. 
.Maud   Crawford, 
(iertrude  Drennen. 
Nina   Trunkey. 
George   Klein. 
Tayler  McCurdy. 
Luther  D.  Harper. 

Class  of  189.1. 
Grac   Daugherty. 
Edith  Bartholomew. 
Clara  Waldeck. 
Carrie  "Warren. 
Anna  Davis. 
Margaret  AVatson. 
Margaret  McGunnigal. 
Effie  Mae  Eowe. 
Anna  Hanson, 
.lohn  Estabrook. 
Harry  Angstadt. 

Class  of  1894. 

(  harlotte  Sutliflf. 
Grace  E.  Vautrot. 
Alice  L.  Sager. 
Frances  S.  Hanson. 
Olive  M.  Love. 
Minnie  E,  Waldeck. 
Marv  L.   Gibbons. 
Mary  C.  Wallace. 
.Jennie  A.  Delin. 
Edith   A.    Kirkpatriek. 
( 'lareuce  A.  Dietz. 
Edwin  B.  Andrews. 
John  A.  CUne. 
Will  H.  Clawson. 
Elmo  B.  Herbert. 


HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 


311 


(Jharlcs  H.  Fresher. 
Will  A.  Spill. 
Halbert  G.  Keid. 
Harvey  J.  Wilson. 
Milton  S.  Stewart. 

Class  of  1895. 

Sallie  A.  Babbitt. 
Charles  C.  Bubb. 
Marv  L.  Beardsley. 
ilar'y  L.  Ewalt. 
(Jlara  L.  Ewalt. 
Gertrude  S.  Fowler. 
Grace  E.  Little. 
Pearle  il.  Long. 
I)ebo!-ah  H.  Owen. 
Minnie   M.   Schneider. 
Helen  D.   Stewart. 
Blanc-he  H.  Angstadt. 
Lucy  M.  Beach. 
Mav  E.  Butler. 
AUce  B.  Craig, 
ilary  L.  Downs. 
David  Ree<l  Estabrook. 
Clara  M.  Fa.x. 
Charlotte  JIcKinney. 
Florence  M.  Morey. 
Grace  T.  McCurdy. 
Stanley  H.  McKee. 
Mary  M.   Mackay. 
Lillian  W.  Sloan. 
XelUe  S.  Shook. 
Albert  J.  Sutliff. 
Gertrude  "Si.  Walker, 
(iladvs  S.  AVhitnev. 
Blanche  E.  Wise." 

Class  of  1896. 

-Jennie  Eose  Cline. 
Birdell  F.  Barnes. 
Maude  B.  Clawson. 
Grace  Conzett. 
Helen  E.  Eussell. 
Alice  L.  Andrews. 
Jessie  M.  Biggers. 
Nellie  G.  CUnite. 
Lerov  L.  Crawford. 
Editii  ilay  Dray. 
r'lara  Mae  Koch. 
W.  B.  Kilpatriek. 
Margaret  Meneely. 
Charlotte  B.  Watson. 
Fanny  Burnett. 
Blanche  Churchill. 
Blanche  Dray, 
.losephine  Daughertv. 
Hazel  E.  Foote. 
Etta  B.  Kennedv. 
M.   E.   ilurray. 
Emma  C.  Eipley. 
Adelbert  E.   Wonders. 


Class  of  1897. 
Francis  Bailey. 
Laura  Beach. 
Ruth  Beach. 
.Josephine  Burnett. 
Amy  Caldwell. 
Ella  Craig. 
Elsie  Dennison. 
May  Dray. 
Laura  Hapgood. 
Olive  Howard. 
Jessie  Hyde. 
Mabel  Izant. 
Jessie  Isles. 
Gertrude  Koouse. 
Ella  Murray. 
Fred  Messer. 
Harry  Mackey. 
William  Pew. 
Irwin   Southwick. 
Florence   Kennedy. 
Mabel  Truesdell. 
Mabel  VanWye. 
Daisy  Thatcher. 
Cirace  Weir. 
Minnie  Biggers. 
Mark   Gunlefinger. 
Letitia  Clark. 

Class  of  1898. 
Gertrude  Andrews. 
Warren  Bailey. 
Arthur  Bartholomew. 
Edith  Boyles. 
Eugene  Chase. 
E.  Clare  Caldwell. 
Marian  Craig. 
Myrtle  Daughertv. 
Susie  Fulk. 
Isaac  Hill. 
Kate  Harrington. 
Lewis  Kennedy. 
Clara  McClella'nd. 
Sallie  Tod  Smith. 
JIattie  Spill. 
Marjorie  Storier. 
Myrtle  Willard. 
Blanche  Williams. 
Alice  Moon. 

Class  of  1899. 
.Jessie  McKee. 
Arthur  Boyes. 
Carolyn  Clawson. 
Anna  Crowe. 
Jessie  Clark. 
Eugene  Craig. 
Blanche  Dea. 
Clark  Funk. 
.\ddie  Howard. 
Edith  Izant. 
Margaret  Kellv. 


313 


HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 


Alice  Leonard. 
Mary  Eiee. 
Lomary  Slater. 
Mary  Southwick. 
Eugene  Sabin. 
Miriam  Braden. 
Harry  Strong. 
Dean  Taylor. 
Philip  Vautrot. 
Virgil  Weir. 
Florence  Wonders. 
Minnie  Webster. 
May  A'an  Houter. 
Bessie  Woodward. 

Class  of  1900. 

Ruth  Hapgood. 
Prances  L.  Hapgood. 
Eubie  E.  Swager. 
Mary  McNutt. 
Eleanor  Hatfield. 
Mignon  B.  Moyer. 
Mabel  R.  Murray. 
Edith  Brobst. 
Hefeu  J.  Spangenberg. 
Bessie  J.  Gillmer. 
Helen  C.  Pond. 
Clayton  J.  MeCorkle. 
Raymond  MeCorkle. 
Erauk  Craft. 
Curtis  J.  Bailey. 
Pen-is  D.  Templeton. 
George  Fillius. 
J.  W.  Love. 
Byron  Bartholomew. 
Roy  Barringer. 
Roscoo   Olmstead. 

Class  of  1901. 

Lucy  Hoyt. 

Mary  A'ewhard. 

Grace  Potter. 

Diliie  Slater. 

Mabel  Reid. 

Clara  Ripper. 

Emma  Quinn. 

Jessie  Kilpatrick. 

Mary  Geiger. 

Clare  Strong. 

William  Cobb. 

Roy  Storier, 

Henry   Paden. 

Loren   Hunter. 

Charles   Love. 

Benjamin  McKee. 

Roland  M.  Weaver. 

Harry  Ruhf. 

William   Meub. 

Frank  VanWye. 

Ella  Grimmesey.  4|k 

Clara  Grimmesey. 

Xorval  Cobb. 


Class  of  JOOS. 
J.  H.  Marshall. 
Anna  Wallace. 
Hazel  McKee. 
George  W.  Tru.xal. 
Frank  I.  Truxal. 
Robert   VVadsworth. 
Mary  E.  Day. 
Lillian  Koehler. 
Frank  Daughertv. 
Alfred   Tayler.  ' 
Eugene  Skinner. 
Florence  Sjiear. 
Adaline  VanWye. 
t  ranees  Dunn. 
Elizabeth  Cobb. 
Anna  Wonders. 
Leon   Ernest. 
.\lbert  Koehler. 
Homer  F.  Pierce. 
Dora  A.  Kale. 
Ethel  Wanaraaker. 
Bessie  L.  Jamison. 
Blanclie  Love. 
Maude  Wright. 
Blanche  Jeffery. 
William  G.  Watson. 
Jessie  Wright. 
Pearl  Nesbit. 
Homer  E.  Stewart,  Jr. 
Charles  W.   Hyde.' 
James  C.  Hunter. 
Ray  P.  Barber. 
Carlton  Lovejoy. 

Class  of  1903. 
Earl  D.  Diggers. 
Edna  Hull. 
Cassandra  Burnett. 
Mark  Gates. 
Carl   W.   Raw. 
George  Pew. 
Elroy  Dutton. 
Gertrude  Mortz. 
Ella  Phelps. 
.Maude   Warren. 
Harry  J.  Love. 
Ralph  Jackson. 
Lorena  Dunbar. 
Laura  Raymond. 
John  Mullin. 
Lamont   Gilder. 
Jacob  Ewalt,  Jr. 
Edith  Ward. 
Florence  Jackson. 
Mary  A.  Reeves. 
Ella  Fleming. 
Eva  Draber. 
Henrietta  Herrick. 
Mabel  Ewalt. 
William  Hapgood. 
Louise   Millikin. 
Agnes   Murdoch 


H18T0KV  OK  'I'l.'lMI'.riJ.  coiXTY 


313 


Esfella   Potter. 
Haze]  Cranage. 
Ella  Tucker. 
Olga  Brobst. 
Howard   R.   Weir. 
Alta  Beck. 
May  Jlolloway. 
Alice  McCorkle. 
Dora  L.  Hit-kox. 
George  Martin. 

Class  of  l'J04. 
Albert   Andrews. 
Nina  Burnett. 
Howard  Bailey. 
Mae  Bauman. 
Clara  Boyes. 
Mary  Cratsley. 
William   Collins. 
Louis  Dunn. 
Helen  Dennison. 
Eosaunah  Dennison. 
Lulu  Dennison. 
William   Franklin. 
Lois  Gruber. 
Laura  Gaskill. 
Lucy  Hapgood. 
Iva  Hewitt. 
Susan  Jameson. 
.John  Jameson. 
Ma.xwell  Kennedy. 
George   Mosier. 
Joseph  JlcCorkle. 
Edward  Pickering. 
Helen  Palm. 
Eobert  Schmidt. 
Arthur  Southwick. 
Lessie  Tucker. 
Hazel  Voit. 
Mary  Van   Tuyl. 

Class  of  1905. 
Vera  Stantial. 
Pearl  Burlingame. 
Stiles  Koones. 
Nat  Sabin. 
Charles  Harrington. 
Jay  Eaymond. 
Ethel  Jones. 
Ethel  Taylor. 
Fred   Myers. 
Addie  Swisher. 
Harry  Snider. 
.Jacob  Spangenberg. 
John   Hanson. 
Louise   Richards. 
Blanche  Chryst. 
Clyde  Nesbit. 
Mabel  Brown. 
Mary   Glaser. 
David  Gillmer. 
Lena  Grimmesey. 
ifabel   Masters. 


Madge   Whitney. 
Ethel  Doming. 
Henry  Porter. 
Roy  Hemplo. 
Aliie  Gilbert. 
Frank  Pickei'ing. 
Bess   Dunliar. 
Inez  Hecker. 
Josejiliine  A\'itherstay. 
.foe  Gibson. 
Lucy  Leah. 
Bernice  Beach. 
Mary  Cunningham. 

Class. of  irjoa. 
Warren  .Strong. 
Charles  Carev. 
William  Little. 
Louis  Vautrot. 
Webb  Elliott. 
Phryne  Gilmore. 
Helen  Howard. 
Clara  Angstadt. 
Helen  Lamb. 
Celia  MeCorraiek. 
Nina  Johnson. 
Ruth  Drennen. 
Earl  MeCamaut. 
Nelson  Eichards. 
Marguerite  Hutson. 
Margaret  McDonald. 
Mary  Beebe. 
Justine  Iddings. 
Iva  Hieko.x. 
Jessie  Masters. 
Olive  Jjamb. 
Aunabelle  Ailing, 
(-'alvin  Campbell. 
CJeorge  Tuttle. 
Helen  Eiehenberger. 
Hattie  Thomas. 
Mary   E.   Johnson. 
Minnie  Dift'ord. 
Paul  Gates. 
Carsou  Cottle. 
.John  Bussell. 
Robert  Warren. 
Myrtle  Brown. 
Reta  Sager. 
Audrey  Doty. 
Leo  Dolan. 
Edwin  Halstead. 
Jessie  Hanson. 
Jason  Moore. 
Ben  Lane. 
Fred  Beck. 
Mary  Wark. 

Class  of   1907 
.Marjorie   Hanson. 
-Mae  Chryst. 
Helen  Morrison. 
-Marjorie   Thomas. 


:il4 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 


Ida  Blot!. 

Priscilla  Harrington. 
Vera  Wilson. 
Elva  Cook. 
.Marie  Elliott, 
ilonroe  Miller. 
\Villiam  Barkley. 
William  Craig. 
Ralph   Nash. 
Theresa  iMiin'ay. 
(iertriule  Loveless. 
Mary  Kistler. 
Hazel  Turner. 
Frank  Chapman. 
Burt   Kibler. 
Forrest  Brooks. 
Kudolph  Hafer. 
Fretl  Hivt. 

-Marguerite  Sutherlan.l. 
Claribelle  Dunn. 
Marguerite  Van  Wye. 
Mabel  Elliott. 
Griswold  Hurlburt. 

Class  of  1908. 
Laura  Iviug. 
Laura  Evans. 
Orin  Southwiek. 
Henry  P.   Morris  Hutchison. 
Gladys   Truman. 
Loreta  Kincaid. 
Paul  Thomas. 
Maude  Foulk. 
John  E.  Ikerman. 
Sherrill  B.  Greene. 
Austa  Huntley. 
Helen  Goering. 
Eea  Boyd. 

Sarah  Chryst.  » 

Hazel  Todd. 
Koila   S.   Thompson. 
Hazel  Brobst. 
Beth   Richards. 
Clyde  F.  Wildman. 
Frances  E.  Archer. 
George  B.  Goldner. 
Carl  Edmunds. 
Carl  Glaser. 


Gertrude    Sager. 
Mabel   Harsh. 
Irene  Park. 
Florence  Grimmesey. 
William  A.  Ritezel. 
Lillian  Richards. 
Sadie  Mullen. 
Frances  Grimmese.y. 
Lida  B.   Leach. 
Frank  Harnar. 
Arthur  White. 

Class  of  1909. 
Marguerite  Mahan. 
Marjorie  MeConney. 
Anna  C.   McFarland. 
Clarissa  Mingling. 
Anna  Newberry. 
Helen   M.   Sideis. 
Ethel  M.  Cauffield. 
Nora  Christman. 
Eleanor  and  Violet   (.'ulver. 
Marjory  Difford. 
Grace  Edwards. 
Grace  M.  Elliott. 
Edna  W.  Gorton. 
Helen  E.  Hunt. 
Katherine    Iddings. 
Bertha  Izant. 
C.  R.  Baker. 
W.  F.  Bartholomew. 
Harrison  Burrows. 
Glen  E.  Dakiu. 
Carl  W.  Dichl. 
William  Haine. 
John  Hapgood. 
Edwin  Holscher. 
*Stewart   Hughes. 
James   Izant. 
Crawford   Minglin. 
Loris  E.  Mitchell. 
Peter  Mortz. 
Thomas   Myers. 
Herbert   Otting. 
Clarence  Reeves. 
Carl  F.  Thomas. 

*  Died    just    before   g'.-aduation. 


0  H A PTER  XX— MEDICINE. 


Fkateknity     of     Tkumbull     County     Physicians. — Thkodoke 

Shepaed,   "Phy'sician." — Women   in   the  Profession. 

— Miraculous    Cures. — John     W.     Seely. — 

John  B.  Harmon. — Daniel  B.  Woods. 

— Physicians  of  Later  Times. 

— ^Medical  Notes. 

No  pbysiciau  in  Tninibull  Comity  lias  achieved  national 
reputation,  or  discovered  any  great  cures,  or  done  unusual, 
original  ■n'ork.  However,  on  tlie  whole,  they  have  been  an 
earnest,  honest  set  of  men,  wlio  in  the  early  days  suffered  great 
physical  hardships,  and  in  the  later  have  experienced  anxiety 
and  care  unknown  to  men  in  other  professions.  Men  from  Trum- 
bull County  have  taken  high  places  in  special  Avork  of  cities 
and  hospitals,  and  the  record  which  they  have  made  is  worthy 
of  all  men.  In  the  old  time  there  was  more  strife  among  physi- 
cians and  their  individual  followers,  just  as  there  was  among 
the  ministers  and  their  churches,  and  hiwyers  and  their  clients. 
Today,  however,  it  is  surely  true  that  in  no  county  in  the  state 
does  a  better  fraternal  feeling  exist  than  among  the  doctors  of 
the  Trumbull  Comity  j\Iedical  Association. 

There  were  "medicine  men"  among  the  Indian  tribes  of 
this  vicinity,  and  it  is  barely  possible  that  physicians  from 
Pennsylvania  were  through  New  Connecticut  before  the  Con- 
necticut Land  Comjjauy  came.  But  accompanying  the  first  party 
of  surveyors  was  Theodore  Shepard,  registered  as  "physician." 
Dr.  Shepard  was  also  here  the  second  summer,  1797. 

The  diaries  of  tlie  surveyors  scarcely  mention  this  physician 
or  the  work  he  did.  All  seemed  to  be  very  well  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  survey,  but  after  living  for  weeks  outdoors,  sleep- 
ing through  a  wet  season  when  they  were  tired  and  hungry, 
they  developed  malaria,  not  our  kind  of  "  dumb  ague,"  since 
they  sometimes  had  three,  usually  two,  chills  a  day.     The  rec- 

315 


316  TIISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

ords  state  that,  being  short  of  mediciue,  the  people  with  head- 
quarters at  Cleveland  used  bark  of  trees  and  roots,  hoping  to 
relieve  themselves  of  this  disagreeable  affliction.  At  the  time 
of  the  death  of  a  member  of  the  party,  one  of  the  sui'veyors 
writes:  "He  tiirned  purple  after  he  died,  and  Dr.  Shepard 
thinks  he  must  have  had  putrid  fever."  When  the  surveyors 
departed  in  the  fall  of  1796,  this  doctor  went  with  them,  and 
those  who  were  left  depended  upon  home  remedies.  A  child 
was  born  to  Mrs.  Kingsbury  during  the  winter,  with  no  attend- 
ing physician,  and  some  authorities  say  that  Mrs.  Gun,  of 
Cleveland,  had  a  child,  with  only  a  squaw  as  nurse. 

Few  women  have  lieen  in  the  profession  in  Trumbull 
County.  The  tirst,  as  far  as  we  know,  was  Dr.  Helen  Betts,  a 
native  of  Vienna,  who  studied  with  Dr.  Daniel  Wood,  practiced 
a  little  while  in  Warren,  removed  to  Youngstown,  where  she 
had  a  large  practice,  and  later  to  Boston,  where  she  made  a 
name  for  herself.    She  still  is  in  active  practice. 

Dr.  Melvina  Abel;  Dr.  L.  Caroline  Jones,  who  practiced 
with  her  husband,  Dr.  Allen  Jones,  of  Kinsman ;  Dr.  Rose  Rals- 
ton Ackley,  and  Dr.  Sarah  P.  Gaston-Frack,  of  Niles,  are  the 
women  practicing  longest  in  the  county.  Among  the  early  set- 
tlers women  acted  often  in  the  place  of  physicians,  instances  of 
the  same  being  given  in  different  i^arts  of  this  history.  Almost 
every  township  had  such  nurse  or  midwife.  Some  of  their 
recorded  deeds  are  heroic  enough  to  deserve  some  of  the  medals 
so  graciously  bestowed  today.  They  did  not  get  them,  nor  did 
anyone  else ;  money  was  too  scarce  to  waste  it  in  rewards,  and 
time  too  full  to  think  of  aught  save  present  duty.  We  are  dis- 
mayed when  we  read  how  diseases  were  treated  in  the  pioneer 
time  of  the  county.  For  typhoid  fever  there  was  calomel, 
bleeding,  closed  windows.  Poultices  were  used  where  now 
boracic  acid  and  a  clean  cloth  are  the  remedies.  Victims  of 
tuberculosis  were  advised  to  avoid  cool  air  and  were  allowed  to 
sleep  in  a  room  with  many  other  members  of  the  family.  This 
country  was  supposed  to  be  a  place  where  consumptives  got 
well,  and  many  did.  It  was,  as  a  rule,  the  people  who  had  the 
least  money  and  the  fewest  comforts  who  recovered.  The 
reason  for  this  is  easily  seen.  The  cabins  through  which  the 
wind  blew,  and  into  which  the  snow  fell,  and  whose  logs  held  not 
the  fatal  germs,  were  favoral)le  places  for  tuberculosis  patients. 
Twenty  years  from  now,  when  someone  writes  the  history  of 


HISTORY  OF  TPvUMBULL  COUXTY  317 

Trumbull  County,  he  will  point  to  the  errors  of  medicine  of  this 
time.  But  not  to  medicine  alone  will  his  tinger  point,  but  to 
theology,  to  politics,  to  philanthropy,  and  even  philosophy.  One 
has  only  to  read  the  pages  of  history  to  find  that  many  an  old 
doctor  was  in  his  cups.  Today  the  author  does  not  know  one 
drunken  doctor  in  all  Trumbull  County. 

Stories  are  recounted  in  manuscripts  and  by  word  of  mouth 
of  the  curing  of  people  in  mysterious  ways  in  our  early  days. 
Students  of  metaphysics  today  explain  these  as  being  rational 
and  natural  methods  of  cure.  Then  it  was  mysterious,  miracu- 
lous. Now  the  mental  healer  teaches  that  the  real  person  is 
soul,  that  soul  is  part  of  God,  that  God  cannot  be  seen,  and  that 
tlirough  the  action  of  mind  the  body  may  be  conrtoUed  exactly 
as  the  clothes  are  controlled.  Whether  this  be  true  or  not 
twenty  years  from  now  will  tell.  In  the  meantime  we  will 
believe  it  when  we  are  well  and  make  haste  to  the  doctor  when 
we  are  ill. 

An  honorable  non-sensational  resident  of  Trumbull  County 
vouches  for  the  following:  In  the  early  days  of  Warren  there 
was  a  man  who  had  rheumatism.  He  was  bed-ridden.  The  citi- 
zens were  then  like  persons  of  one  family.  They  cared  for  each 
other  when  sick,  when  in  trouble  and  distress.  For  a  long  time 
Warren  people  had  waited  upon  this  man,  giving  him  food,  lift- 
ing him  in  bed.  and  doing  all  they  possibly  coiild  for  him.  Occa- 
sionally the  Indians  would  get  i;gly  from  too  much  "fire-water," 
and  iii)on  one  such  occasion,  when  they  began  to  have  fighting 
symptoms  in  the  neighborhood,  a  courier  ran  into  town  to  tell 
the  people  that  the  Indians  were  about  to  descend  upon  them  to 
massacre  them.  Whether  this  word  reached  all  the  inhabitants 
or  only  a  certain  proportion  is  not  known,  but  the  neighbors  of 
the  bed-ridden  rheumatic  were  informed.  They  ran  for  their 
lives.  When  they  were  some  distance  out  of  town  one  of  them 
remembered  that  they  had  left  the  patient  to  suffer  torture  alone. 
As  they  stopped  to  discuss  whether  it  was  wise  for  them  to  go 
back  for  him,  they  heard  a  most  terrible  howling  and  yelling  in 
the  woods  behind  them.  Thinking  the  first  of  the  angry  redmen 
were  about  to  descend  upon  them,  they  were  appalled,  but  soon 
saw  the  bed-fast  man  leaping  over  logs,  swinging  his  hands  in 
the  air,  and  yelling  at  the  top  of  his  lungs. 

We  read  in  the  history  of  Mecca,  ])repared  by  Amoretta 
Bevnolds  and  a  committee,  that  ^Irs.  William  Pettis  of  Mecca 


318  HISTORY  OF  TIU'MBULL  COUNTY 

was  an  invalid  for  years.  After  a  time  her  physician  decided 
that  if  she  only  so  thought  she  could  leave  her  bed.  He,  how- 
ever, could  not  persuade  her  of  this  belief.  He  therefore  brought 
with  liim  one  day  when  he  paid  liis  visit  a  goodly  sized  snake 
which  he  placed  between  the  sheets.  "It  had  the  desired  effect 
of  bringing  her  to  her  feet  and  keeping  her  there. ' ' 

Mrs.  Walter  King,  whose  father,  Mr.  Holliday,  kept  a  hotel, 
and  whose  husband  o\\'ned  the  King  Block,  was  a  terrible  suf- 
ferer from  asthma.  She  was  having  an  unusual  attack  when  a 
great  tire  in  town  occurred.  They  carried  her  from  her  home 
thinking  to  save  her  life,  and  in  a  certain  sense  they  did,  for 
she  never  had  another  attack  of  asthma. 

Dr.  John  W.  Seely  located  in  Howland  township  in  1801. 
Like  many  of  the  Warren  settlers  he  was  from  Pennsylvania. 
In  1802  he  brought  his  family  here,  and  for  many  years  prac- 
ticed within  a  radius  of  ten  miles.  Very  little  record  is  left  of 
this  doctor's  professional  life.  Like  all  peoj^le  of  his  time  he 
was  interested  in  the  settlement  of  the  country,  enlisted  in  the 
war  of  1812,  was  made  captain  and  devoted  a  great  deal  of  his 
spare  time  to  working  for  the  completion  of  the  Ohio  canal.  He 
died  of  apoplexy  in  Akron  in  March,  1841  when  the  celebration 
of  the  opening  of  the  canal  was  held. 

Among  the  early  settlers  of  Warren  was  Enoch  Leavitt,  for 
wliom  Leavittsburg  was  named.  His  son  Enoch  was  a  young 
man  in  1805  when  his  peojjle  came  here  and  not  many  years 
after  that  date  had  a  good  rejiutation  as  a  physician.  It  is  said 
that  Dr.  Leavitt  used  a  good  deal  of  calomel,  herbs  and  roots. 
Like  Dr.  Seeley,  little  record  is  left  of  his  professional  life.  He 
died  in  1827  and  was  buried  in  Leavittsburg. 

Dr.  John  B.  Harmon  was  probalily  the  first  doctor  to  have 
an  office  and  enjoy  a  good  practice  in  the  town  of  AVarren.  His 
father,  Eeuben,  was  an  influential  citizen,  and  in  179(3,  the  year 
that  the  first  surveyors  appeared  in  New  Connecticut,  bought 
of  Samuel  H.  Parsons  tive  hundred  acres  in  the  Salt  Springs 
tract.  On  this  date,  John  B.  began  the  study  of  medicine  in 
Vermont  and  the  following  year  the  father  was  making  salt  from 
the  springs.  About  1800  the  family  were  residing  at  Salt 
Springs.  It  is  said  that  the  father,  Eeuben,  and  the  son,  John 
B.,  were  exactly  alike  in  temperament,  and  somewhat  alike  in 
appearance.  Tliis  family,  therefore,  were  among  the  first  of 
Truml)ull  ("oimty  ])ioneers.    They  suffered  great  hardships  and 


HIS'IOHY  (IK  'I'KlMHn.L  ( OIXTV  319 

all  of  them  were  exceedingly  brave.  The  wife  "was  a  resohitc 
capable  woman,  a))ove  average  height,  of  broad  niusciilar  Imild, 
sociable,  cheerful  and  of  iudomital)k^  ])atience  and  persever- 
ance." In  1806  Reul)eu  Harmon  returned  to  Vermont  to  finish 
some  business  and  took  his  son  John  B.  with  him  in  order  that 
lie  might  tiuish  his  studies  with  Dr.  Bhickmer,  who  was  a  skilful 
physician  of  Dorset  and  his  brother-in-law  as  well.  Wlien 
Reuben  returned  to  the  Salt  Springs  tract  he  found  that  the 
agent  whom  he  left  there  had  disapjieared  with  two  thousand 
dollars,  and  he  was  thus  deprived  of  means  to  support  his  family 
through  the  winter.  Not  being  discouraged,  he  set  in  motion 
some  new  plans,  was  taken  with  a  fever,  and  died  aged  57,  leav 
ing  a  large  family.  The  stories  of  the  exjieriences  of  the  dif 
ferent  members  of  this  family  read  like  the  most  tictitinus  talc 
of  romance  and  adventure.  <Jne  sister,  Clara,  married  a  sou  of 
John  Leavitt,  whom  she  divorced  for  intemijerance,  later  mar- 
ried Dr.  John  Brown,  of  New  York  state.  Another  sister,  Betsey 
Harmon,  was  twice  married,  the  last  time  to  Albert  Opdyke. 
Gen.  Emerson  Opdyke  and  Betsey  Opdyke,  the  wife  of  Oliver 
H.  Patch,  were  two  of  the  children.  Another  brother,  Heman 
Harmon,  was  identified  with  the  early  interests  of  Warren 
as  a  merchant,  as  sheriff,  and  manufacturer.  He  married  the 
daughter  of  George  Parsons,  and  had  a  large  family  of  children, 
all  of  whom  grew  u])  here. 

Dr.  Harmon  was  particularly  fitted  for  the  life  of  a  i)ioneer 
doctor  since  he  had  had  a  good  deal  of  out-of-door  life  in  ^^er- 
mont.  His  strong  physique  and  his  ability  to  endure  hardships 
served  him  well.  He  finislied  his  study  with  Dr.  Enoch  Leavitt 
and  located  in  Warren  for  general  practice  in  1808.  He  ac- 
quired considerable  exi)erience  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  was 
commissioned  as  captain.  In  his  early  years  he  rode  his  horse 
to  the  different  settlements  in  old  Trumbull  County,  Cleveland, 
Painesville,  Ashtabula,  etc.  His  mother  continued  to  live  on 
the  Salt  S])rings  tract  for  some  time.  In  1816  he  built  a  home 
for  himself  in  Warren  and  for  a  long  time  had  different  mem- 
bers of  his  family  and  friends  as  housekeeper.  He  had  numer- 
ous accidents  happen  him  in  his  practice,  such  as  severely  in- 
juring his  back  in  falling  from  his  horse.  Pie  injured  his  back 
and  legs  in  a  runaway  and  was  left  lying  in  the  snow  for  a  long- 
time before  assistance  arrived.  He  had  an  o])erati()n  for  tumor 
"beneath  the  deep  pectoral  muscle,"  from  which  he  neai-ly  died. 


3->0  lil.STOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

He  "was  sued  foi-  malpractice  in  1838,  Dr.  John  "W. 
and  Sylvauus  Seely  being  made  parties.  Joshua  E.  Gid- 
diugs,  Benjamin  F.  Wade,  SutlitT  and  Eanney  prosecuted, 
■while  David  Tod  and  R.  P.  Spaulding  defended.  Prob- 
ably there  has  never  been  a  ease  tried  in  Trumbull 
County  for  malpractice  in  which  the  physicians  and  at- 
torneys were  all  men  of  such  note  and  ability.  The  charges  were 
not  proved,  but  the  expense  was  so  large  that  we  are  told  "he 
paid  more  for  his  lawyers  and  other  expenses  connected  with 
the  trial  thau  he  ever  made  from  surgery."  Like  the  other 
pioneer  doctors,  he  learned  to  sleep  on  his  horse,  in  his  sulkey, 
and  to  do  without  sleej)  entirely  for  many  hours  together.  There 
is  a  romance  told  of  an  early  disappointment  in  love  as  there 
has  been  of  men  in  all  times,  sometimes  with  triath,  sometimes 
not.  However,  later  upon  the  recommendation  of  friends  and 
by  letter  he  became  engaged  to  Sarah  Dana  of  Connecticut  and 
married  her  in  1822  at  Pembroke,  N.  Y.  He  drove  there  in  a 
double  sleigh  and  brought  her  home.  She  was  a  fond  wife,  a 
good  companion,  a  tender  mother  of  his  children,  looked  after 
their  education,  and  her  especial  recreation  was  in  the  raising 
of  beautiful  flowers.  Dr.  Harmon  died  of  pleuro-pneumonia  in 
1858,  his  wife  living  ten  years  longer. 

Sylvanus,  the  son  of  Dr.  John  W.  Seely,  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1795,  read  medicine  with  his  father.  In  the  war  of 
1812  he  entered  the  service  and  worked  with  Dr.  John  B.  Har- 
mon, being  present  with  him  at  the  attack  of  Fort  Mackinaw. 
Having  married  a  Virginia  woman  he  went  there  to  practice  for 
a  while,  but  returned  to  Warren  and  lived  here  the  rest  of  his 
life.  His  widow  Mary  lived  for  over  iifty  years  in  the  house 
next  the  present  tire  department,  opposite  the  former  brick 
schoolhouse  on  Park  avenue.  It  is  still  standing  and  is  one  of 
the  oldest  Warren  residences.  He  died  in  1849,  having  estab- 
lished a  good  reputation  and  practice.  He  was  the  father  of 
Mrs.  Cyrus  Van  Gorder  and  the  grandfather  of  Mrs.  John 
Kinsman. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  these  early  physicians  had  not 
more  of  the  habits  of  the  Connecticut  surveyors,  as  the  latter 
kept  notes  and  records  of  all  their  doings. 

Among  the  early  physicians  practicing  between  the  years 
1840-1861  was  Dr.  Farreil.  We  have  been  unable  to  ascertain 
anything  about  his  work  except  that  he  is  kindly  spoken  of  by 


H18T0KY  OF  TEUilBULL  OOrXTY  331 

hi-s  cotemporaries.  Other  pliysiciaus  of  his  time  were  Dr.  Enoch 
Blattsley,  Dr.  Kuhu.  Dr.  D.  W.  Jameson,  Dr.  Xiohols.  Dr.  Will- 
iam Paiue. 

Possibly  the  doctor  \Yho  was  best  kiioAvu  for  the  longest 
period  of  time  was  Daniel  B.  Woods.  He  was  of  German  de- 
scent, his  father  going  from  Pennsylvania  to  Youngstown,  set- 
tling near  Mill  Creek.  Dr.  Woods  was  the  oldest  of  the  family 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  began  his  studies  at  Allegheny  Col- 
lege. He  did  not  graduate,  having  stopped  at  the  beginning  of 
the  last  term.  He  first  practiced  with  Dr.  J.  A.  Packard  in 
Anstintown.  He  attended  a  regular  course  at  the  Ohio  Medical 
College  at  Cincinnati,  receiving  there  his  degree  of  M.  D.  He 
opened  his  office  then  in  Warren,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death.  He  was  astute  in  his  profession,  and  in  the  world  at 
large.  His  gentle  manner  assisted  him  greatly  in  his  practice. 
At  this  date,  people  say  that  he  used  some  of  the  methods  now 
employed  by  mental  healers.  AVhether  this  is  authentic  or  not 
we  do  not  know.  He  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  first  men  in 
this  region  to  use  ether  in  surgical  operations.  He  did  not 
specialize.  He  was  a  regular  physician  and  had  little  patience 
with  any  modified  school.  He  was  a  familiar  figure  in  the  com- 
munity and  his  several  horses  were  known  throughout  the 
county.  He  drove  long  distances  at  all  times  of  year,  and  being 
an  ardent  Democrat,  as  important  elections  approached,  one 
might  meet  him  in  the  country,  his  horse  jogging  on,  taking  its 
natural  gait,  while  he  perused  the  paper.  He  had  the  faculty  of 
making  his  patients  feel  that  he  could  make  no  mistakes. 
He  had  a  large  family  of  children,  had  many  sorrows 
and  disappointments,  Imt  he  never  dwelt  upon  them.  He 
either  had  the  ability  of  dismissing  them  from  his  mind,  or  at 
least  appearing  so  to  do.  He  did  the  same  with  his  patients. 
His  wife,  Phoebe  Holliday,  survived  him  by  many  years  and 
died  at  the  home  of  her  daughters,  Dr.  Elizabeth'  and  Emma 
Woods,  in  Toledo.  His  son  Dal  was  well  prepared  for  his  pro- 
fession, and  practiced  with  his  father.  His  daughter  Elizabeth 
is  one  of  the  leading  i^hysicians  of  Toledo. 

Dr.  Julian  Harmon,  a  son  of  Dr.  John  B.  Harmon,  was  born 
in  1824,  graduated  at  the  Western  Eeserve  College,  at  the  Cleve- 
land Medical  College  and  practiced  with  his  father  rmtil  1854. 
After  that  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  J.  P.  Smith  at  one 
time  and  Dr.  Metcalf  another  time.    His  early  practice  was  uu- 


323  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

der  severe  conditions.  Physicians  Avere  not  plenty,  roads  were 
bad,  and  be  often  rode  in  tbe  mud  and  in  tbe  snow  a  good  part 
of  the  waking  hours  of  a  day.  He  was  not  nearly  so  rugged  as 
bis  father  and  was  induced  in  1865  to  go  into  the  drug  busi- 
ness. The  year  of  1868  was  a  memorable  one  for  him  in  that  he 
lost  sixteen  thousand  dollars,  a  large  sum  for  those  times,  in  tbe 
failure  of  his  business,  and  at  the  same  time  bis  wife  died.  She 
was  a  cousin  of  Frederick  Kinsman  and  a  popular,  helpful 
woman.  He  and  Dr.  Metcalf  dissolved  partnership  in  1875.  He 
occupied  the  old  Harmon  office,  situated  on  the  rear  of  the  lot 
where  the  Harmon  house  now  stands.  When  his  youngest  child, 
Julian  Harmon,  was  admitted  to  practice,  they  were  associated 
together  for  a  time.  Dr.  Harmon  enjoyed  a  large  practice 
among  the  residents  of  the  city.  He  was  oi^timistic,  gentle,  and 
successful.  He  had  a  long  and  painful  illness,  suffering  from  a 
cancer.  He  married  a  second  wife  in  1871,  Mary  E.  Bostwick, 
of  Canfield,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons,  the  elder  one  dying  in 
1881.  '\Vlien  he  died  be  left  two  daughters  by  the  tirst  wife,  one 
son  by  the  second.  Dr.  Julian  Harmon,  the  younger,  having  died 
before  him.  Olive,  the  youngest  daughter,  has  successfully 
managed  the  property  which  was  left  her,  largely  from  her 
mother's  side,  and  is  a  musician  of  fine  education. 

One  of  the  best  known  physicians  of  the  Trumbull  County 
Medical  Society  is  L.  G.  Moore  of  Kinsman.  He  has  lived  in 
that  town  all  his  life  and  been  identified  with  its  interests.  He 
was  born  in  Kinsman  in  1819,  received  his  early  education  at  the 
Kinsman  Academy,  spent  a  year  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity, and  one  year  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan.  His  medical 
preceptor  was  Dr.  Allen  Jones,  who  is  well  remembered  as  a 
physician  and  a  legislator.  Dr.  Moore  spent  one  year  at  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  Medical  College  in  New  York  City,  and  graduated 
at  Long  Island  Hospital  and  Medical  College  in  1873.  He  has 
practiced  in  Kinsman  for  thirty-sis  years,  and  although  not  a 
specialist,  he  has  given  a  great  share  of  his  time  outside  of  gen- 
eral practice  to  the  diseases  of  women. 

Dr.  Eose  Ealston  Ackley  was  born  in  1860  in  Marion  county, 
Iowa.  Moving  to  Ohio,  she  received  her  school  education  at 
Howard,  Knox  county.  She  studied  medicine  at  the  Cleveland 
University  of  Medicine  and  Surgery,  now  the  Cleveland  Home- 
opathy College,  graduating  in  1896.  She  practiced  in  Cleve- 
land at  the  Dispensary  for  Women  and  Chiklren,  until  she  came 


HISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  323 

to  AVarreD,  where  she  had  a  general  practice.  She  is  the  only 
woman  physician  in  Warren,  is  an  active  member  of  the  Disciple 
church,  and  is  the  wife  of  Thad  Ackley,  who  has  been  in  busi- 
ness many  years  in  Warren. 

Dr.  J.  S.  Brown  of  Mecca,  who  has  been  a  member  of  the 
pension  examining  board  since  1897,  was  born  in  New  York 
City  in  1854.  His  common-school  education  was  obtained  in 
Mecca;  he  attended  the  Dennisou  University,  at  Granville,  Ohio, 
and  graduated  at  Colgate  University,  in  Hamilton,  New  York. 
Studying  medicine  with  Dr.  H.  S.  Smith,  who  at  that  time  lived 
in  Mecca,  he  graduated  at  Cleveland  iu  1882.  He  has  practiced 
in  this  town  all  the  years  of  his  professional  life,  and  has  given 
special  attention  to  the  diseases  of  children. 

Thomas  H.  Stewart,  of  Churchill,  was  the  son  of  Dr.  V.  (1. 
Stewart.  He  received  his  early  school  education  at  Murrys- 
ville,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  born  in  1838.  He  graduated 
from  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburg,  Penns3dvania,  in  1863. 
Three  years  later  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  this  in- 
stitution ;  entered  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of 
Michigan  in  1869 ;  began  the  practice  of  medicine  the  next  year 
at  Churchill.  He  was  in  active  practice  until  two  years  ago, 
when  he  was  obliged  to  go  south  during  the  winter  for  his 
health.  Dr.  Stewart  is  one  of  the  oldest  of  Trumbull  County's 
doctors.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  legislature  in  1867-68 
and  in  1886-89.  He  is  a  Mason,  an  official  in  the  Methodist 
church  at  Churchill,  and  was  at  one  time  president  of  the  Trum- 
bull County  Medical  Society. 

Dr.  D.  E.  Hoover,  one  of  the  most  successful  of  the  yoimg 
physicians  of  Warren,  was  born  at  North  Benton,  Ohio,  in  1871, 
where  he  received  his  academic  education.  His  father  and 
brother  are  both  physicians  and  the  family  have  lived  in  Alliance 
during  the  late  years.  Dr.  Hoover  attended  Mount  Union  Col- 
lege and  graduated  in  medicine  at  the  Western  Eeserve  Uni- 
versity in  Cleveland  in  1895.  He  spent  a  year  and  a  half  at 
the  Cleveland  City  Hospital,  was  interne  at  Bellevue  Hospital 
in  New  York  for  two  months,  and  one  year  at  the  general  hos- 
pital in  Vienna,  Austria.  His  professional  life  aside  from  that 
has  been  entirely  spent  in  Warren,  where  he  came  in  1896. 

W.  H.  Button  was  born  in  Warren  township  in  1858.  His 
academic  education  was  had  at  the  center  of  Nelson.  He  at- 
tended both  Hiram  College  and  the  Western  Eeserve  University 


3-M:  HISTOKY  OF  N'Ur.MIU'lJ.  COl'XTY 

at  Clevelaud.  ile  studied  iiiediciiie  witli  Dr.  E.  J.  Goodsell  of 
Nelson  aud  Dr.  Julian  Harmon  of  AVarreu.  He  graduated  in 
medicine  at  the  AVestern  Eeserve  University  in  Cleveland.  His 
professional  life  has  been  spent  in  Trumbull  County  with  the 
exception  of  two  years;  ])i'acticed  five  years  in  Burghill,  five 
years  in  Brookfield,  two  years  in  Parkman.  thirteen  years  in 
Pluliliard. 

Among  the  older  doctois  of  Trumbull  County  is  J.  U.  Lati- 
mer of  West  Farmington.  He  was  born  in  Wellington,  Ohio, 
in  1836;  was  educated  at  Rock  Creek,  and  studied  medicine  there 
also.  His  preceptor  was  Dr.  Mills,  and  he  graduated  at  the 
E.  M.  Institute  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  iii  1868.  At  different  times 
he  practiced  in  Rock  C'reek  and  Lenox,  both  in  Ashtabula  county; 
LeMoore,  California,  and  twenty-seven  years  at  West  Farming- 
ton,  Ohio. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Williams,  of  Niles,  Ohio,  was  born  in  Lisbon  in 
1863.  In  this  ])rett}"  town  he  received  his  common-school  edu- 
cation, and  attended  Mount  Union  College.  His  medical  educa- 
tion was  received  at  Ann  Arbor,  the  University  of  Michigan, 
where  he  graduated  in  1890.  His  professional  life  has  been 
spent  in  Niles,  Ohio,  where  he  is  in  general  practice,  though 
much  interested  in  surgery. 

Dr.  Sarah  Gaston  Frack  is  the  only  woman  physician  in 
Niles.  She  has  a  large  and  lucrative  practice,  and  is  a  credit 
to  her  profession.  She  was  born  in  Atlantis,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1869.  Her  common-school  education  was  obtained  in  Utica, 
Pennsylvania.  She  graduated  from  the  Edinboro  State  Normal 
School  and  attended  Allegheny  College  at  Meadville,  aud  Oberlin 
College,  Ohio.  Before  she  entered  college  she  studied  medicine 
under  Dr.  Susan  F.  Rose,  of  Meadville,  Pennsylvania.  In  1895 
she  graduated  from  the  Cleveland  Homeopathic  Medical  and 
Surgical  College.  She  practiced  for  a  short  time  in  Detroit, 
Michigan,  before  settling  in  Niles.  Two  or  three  years  ago  she 
married  Evan  Frack,  and  has  continued  her  practice  since. 

Dr.  H.  A.  Fiester  was  born  at  East  Lewiston,  Ohio,  and  is 
in  general  practice  at  Newton  Falls.  His  father.  Dr.  J.  N. 
Fiester,  was  his  preceptor,  and  later  he  studied  in  the  Cleveland 
College  for  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  Aside  from  a  common 
education  in  the  Newton  Falls  schools,  he  took  a  general  course 
in  Oberlin  and  AVooster  Universities. 

Dr.  Daniel  G.  Simpson  is  one  of  the  younger  and  successful 


HISTOKV  OF  TRr:\[IUI.L  COT'XTV  325 

Warren  physioiaus.  His  native  place  was  Grove  City,  Pennsyl- 
vania, wliere  he  was  born  iu  1871.  He  attended  the  district 
scliool  of  Pine  township.  Mercer  county,  and  Grove  City  College. 
At  the  latter  place  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1894  and 
of  A.  M.  in  1898.  He  studied  two  years  in  tlie  University  of 
Michigan  and  two  years  in  the  University  of  Illinois  school  of 
medicine.  A  few  years  since  Dr.  Simpson  married  Miss  IjuIu 
Couzett,  one  of  the  successful  teachers  of  the  Wari'en  schools. 

C.  C.  Tidd,  M.  D.,  of  Mineral  Ridge,  was  a  native  of  ( 'lai-ks- 
ville,  Mercer  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  born  in  187.").  lie 
has  been  in  general  practice  in  Mineral  Eidge  for  eight  years. 
His  general  education  was  obtained  in  the  Clarksville  ])ubli(' 
schools  and  high  school.  He  graduated  from  the  Western 
Reserve  Medical  College  in  Cleveland  in  1899.  He  spent  three 
years  at  Oberlin  College.  He  practiced  one  year  in  Clarksville. 
his  home  town,  and  six  months  he  was  physician  iu  charge  of  the 
Children's  Fresh  Air  Cam]!  at  Cleveland. 

Dr.  L.  G.  Leland  has  })racticed  in  Trumbull  and  Ashtaluila 
counties,  and  now  resides  at  Newton  Falls,  where  he  is  in  active 
practice.  He  was  born  in  Windsor,  Ohio,  in  1860.  Aside  from 
his  common-school  education,  he  studied  at  Grand  Prairie  Semi- 
nary, Onarga,  Illinois,  and  at  the  Western  Reserve  University, 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  graduated  from  the  medical  department 
of  the  last  named  university  in  1883. 

Dr.  Clarence  S.  Ward,  who  was  born  in  Geneva,  Ashtabula 
county,  in  185-I-,  attended  school  there  during  his  early  child- 
hood. His  father  having  moved  to  Warreu,  he  attended  the 
high  school,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1871.  He  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Henry  McQuiston.  He  gradu- 
ated from  the  University  of  Michigan  medical  department,  hav- 
ing received  the  degree  ad  eundem  from  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College.  In  the  early  years  of  Dr.  Ward's  jiractice 
he  was  associated  with  D.  B.  Wood,  and  did  post-graduate  work 
rejieatedly  in  New  York  and  the  Philadelphia  Polyclinic.  He 
did  hospital  work  in  New  York  City,  but  his  practice  has  been 
entirely  in  Warren.  Although  he  has  been  much  interested  in 
surgery  and  performed  some  very  delicate  operations,  he  con- 
siders himself  a  general  practitioner  only. 

Dr.  John  I.  King  was  born  in  Harrison  townsliiji.  Grant 
county,  Wisconsin,  in  1848.  He  spent  his  early  life  in  Cali- 
fornia, Washington  and  Ohio.    He  attended  the  district  schools, 


32G  HISTOEY  OF  TRU-AIBFLL  COUNTY 

was  five  years  at  Alleglieny  College,  at  Meadville,  beginning 
the  study  of  medicine  in  1867.  His  preceptor  was  David  Best, 
M.  D.  He  attended  two  courses  of  lectures,  six  months  each,  at 
the  medical  department,  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor. 
He  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  at  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Medical  College  in  1873.  That  same  year  he  began  prac- 
tice in  Greece  City,  Butler  county,  Pennsylvania.  The  next 
year  he  located  in  Burghill.  He  married  Emoinda  C.  Brown 
in  1882 ;  she  died  in  1889  leaving  one  child,  Eliza  Jane.  He  again 
married  in  1891,  his  wife  being  Mrs.  Addie  J.  Fitch.  That  same 
year  lie  went  to  Martel,  Marion  county,  Ohio,  returning  to  Burg- 
hill five  yeai's  ago,  where  he  resumed  his  practice  of  medicine. 

Dr.  John  McCartney  has  practiced  medicine  in  Girard  for 
many  years.  He  studied  with  Isaac  Barclay  and  graduated 
from  tlie  Cleveland  Medical  College  in  1861.  In  1872  he  mar- 
ried Sarah  Packard,  daughter  of  John  Crum.  Later  he  mar- 
ried Sophia  Hauser,  and  she  too  died  a  few  years  since. 

Dr.  Charles  W.  Thomas,  one  of  the  most  successful  of  the 
younger  doctors  of  Warren,  was  boi'n  in  Cleveland  in  1877.  His 
education  was  had  in  his  home  town,  having  attended  the  public 
schools,  the  high  school,  and  Adelbert  College.  He  received  the 
degree  A.  B.  from  the  latter  institution,  and  his  medical  degree 
from  the  "Western  Beserve  University.  He  came  to  "Warren  to 
have  charge  of  Dr.  Hoover's  office,  when  the  latter  spent  a  year 
in  Eurojie,  and  he  has  since  resided  here.  He  was  married  soon 
after  settling  here,  and  has  three  little  children. 

Dr.  Martin  S.  Mayliew  is  one  of  the  oldest  doctors  in  Trum- 
bull County,  being  a  year  younger  than  Dr.  Latimer,  and  a  year 
older  than  Dr.  Stewart.  His  whole  life  has  been  spent  in  this 
county  and  his  education  had  here,  except  his  medical  educa- 
tion. He  attended  the  Bristol  district  schools,  the  seminary  at 
Parmington.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  C.  T.  Metcalf  of 
Bristol,  and  in  •1865  graduated  from  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan. His  practice  has  been  in  Trimilnill  County,  first  in  Bris- 
tol, then  in  Johnston,  and  then  in  Cortland.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  May- 
hew  have  both  been  interested  in  and  identified  with  the  welfai'e 
of  Cortland. 

Dr.  M.  L.  Williams  is  a  Trumbull  County  man  in  every 
sense  of  the  word.  He  has  practiced  in  Warren  twenty-one 
years.  Before  that  he  spent  seventeen  years  in  his  profession 
at  A'ienna.     He  was  born  in  the  latter  town  in  18-1-9.  attended 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  3-27 

school  there  and  at  "Warreu,  his  college  education  being  had  at 
Hiram.  He  studied  medicine  -^ith  R.  P.  Hayes,  M.  D.,  ■who  prac- 
ticed so  long  in  Vienna,  and  graduated  at  the  University  of 
^Michigan  in  1871. 

Dr.  J.  Ward  of  Cortland  has  practiced  fourteen  years  in 
that  town.  He  is  a  Pennsj'lvanian  by  birth,  having  been  born 
in  Venango  county  in  1859.  His  common-school  education  was 
had  in  Crawford  county.  He  studied  medicine  in  Meadville, 
graduating  from  the  medical  department  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve University  in  1885.  He  began  his  practice  in  his  native 
state,  tirst  in  Crawford  county,  then  six  years  at  Alton,  one  year 
in  Randolph,  Xew  York.  From  Alton  he  removed  to  Cortland, 
where  he  has  since  resided. 

Dr.  E.  E.  Brinkerhoft"  of  Bristolville  was  one  of  ten  sons. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common-schools  of  Grand  Alew,  Illinois, 
attended  the  high  school  at  Leiianon,  Illinois,  Eureka  College. 
read  medicine  in  Dudley,  same  state,  and  graduated  from  the 
Medical  Institute  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  188(3.  He  practiced  for 
a  year  and  a  half  in  Youngstown,  when  he  moved  to  Bristol- 
ville, where  he  has  since  resided.  Dr.  Brinkerhoft" 's  practice  is 
necessarily  rural,  but  he  gives  s]iecial  attention  to  diseases  of 
women  and  children. 

Dr,  Archibald  F.  Swaney  is  one  of  the  few  doctors  in  Trum- 
bull County  who  were  born  in  a  Southern  state.  His  native 
town  was  New  Cumberland,  West  Virginia.  Here  he  attended 
the  co]nmon-schools,  graduating  from  the  high  school  in  1893. 
He  graduated  from  Ohio  Medical  University  at  Cohmibus  in 
1903.  He  studied  medicine  and  surgery  under  T.  ]\I.  Haskins,  at 
Haskins  Hospital,  Wheeling,  West  ^'irginia,  and  located  at 
Niles,  Ohio,  where  he  enjoys  a  lucrative  practice. 

Chaxies  T.  Swaney,  a  brother  of  A.  F.  Swaney,  was  like- 
wise born  in  New  Cumberland,  West  Virginia,  in  1871.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common-schools  of  New  Cumberland,  studied 
medicine  with  A.  D.  Mercer,  M.  D.,  of  his  home  town.  Gradu- 
ated at  the  Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus.  (Jhio,  in  1897. 
Took  a  post-graduate  course  in  medicine  at  the  New  York  Post- 
Graduate  Medical  School  in  1903.  Has  practiced  in  Niles  since 
1897. 

Frederick  Kinsman  Smith,  M.  D..  was  Ixirn  in  "Warren  in 
1858.  He  belongs  to  one  of  the  oldest  families  of  the  city,  has 
been  identified,  himself,  with  its  interests.    His  father,  Edward 


3-2S  IIISTOIJY   OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

Smith,  is  the  ohlest  merchant  in  Warren,  and  his  motlier  was  a 
member  of  the  celebrated  Pease  family.  Dr.  Smith  graduated 
from  the  public  schools,  from  the  Western  Reserve  College, 
and  the  University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor.  He  spent  some 
time  in  Europe  pursuing  his  studies,  and  was  in  general  practice 
in  Allouez,  Michigan ;  Calumet,  Michigan ;  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and 
some  years  since  removed  to  Warren.  Although  he  is  in  gen- 
eral practice,  he  has  specialized  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear  and 
throat,  giving  particular  attention  to  the  eyes.  He  is  the  only 
physician  in  Warren,  practicing  at  this  time,  who  was  born  here. 

C.  L.  Moore,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Beaver,  Mercer  county, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1873.  Aside  from  his  common-school  educa- 
tion, he  attended  the  McElwain  Institute  two  years,  received  the 
degree  of  B.  S.  from  the  Fredonia  Institute  in  Mercer  county  in 
1893.  Studied  his  profession  under  Dr.  E.  H.  Jewett,  of  Cleve- 
land, and  received  his  medical  degree  from  the  Cleveland  Home- 
opathic Society  in  1899.  Did  post-graduate  work  in  the  New 
York  IIomeo]nithic  Medical  College  in  1905,  and  at  Cleveland 
City  Hospital  in  1908.  He  practiced  six  months  in  Guernsey 
county,  since  then  at  Burghill,  Ohio. 

Dr.  C.  W.  Lane,  now  residing  in  West  Warren,  was  a  native 
of  Michigan,  having  been  born  at  Caro.  He  obtained  his  school 
education  at  Vassar  City,  graduating  from  New  Lyme  Insti- 
tute. His  collegiate  work  was  done  at  the  Western  Reserve 
University,  from  which  he  graduated.  He  received  his  medical 
diploma  from  the  Western  Reserve  College.  He  first  practiced 
in  Cleveland,  and  since  then  in  Warren. 

Dr.  W.  A.  Werner  was  born  in  1856  in  Lordstown ;  went 
to  district  school  in  North  Jackson  for  a  little  time.  When  he 
was  eight  years  old  his  parents  moved  to  Youngstown,  and  he 
finished  his  education  in  that  city,  graduating  at  the  Rayen  high 
school  in  1873.  He  attended  Western  Reserve  College,  then  at 
Hudson,  graduating  in  1877;  taught  school  for  five  years,  four 
years  in  Youngstown.  Studied  his  profession  at  the  Cleveland 
Medical  College,  graduating  in  1885.  Began  his  practice  in 
Youngstown,  lived  at  Austintown  later,  and  his  practice  was  of 
course  rural ;  then  moved  to  Niles,  where  his  business  has  since 
been. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Leaming  began  practicing  his  profession  in  Niles 
but  is  now  in  Vienna.  His  whole  life  has  been  spent  in  Trum- 
bull county.  Born  at  Hartford  in  1869,  he  received  his  common- 


HISTORY  OF  TIU'MIULL  COIXTY  339 

school  education  in  that  towu.  He  attended  college  at  Cleveland 
and  studied  in  the  Cleveland  Medical  ( 'ollege,  graduating  iii 
1898. 

Although  I)]-,  (ieorge  K.  Miniiicli  is  not  an  Ohio  man  ))y 
birth,  he  has  lived  in  the  state  most  of  his  adult  life.  His  birtli- 
l^lace  was  New  Wilmington,  Pennsylvania;  his  birth  year  1S71. 
His  education  was  i-eceived  in  the  New  Wilmington  ])ub]ic 
schools,  and  Westminster  College.  His  prece|)tors  were  Dr. 
F.  E.  Bunts  and  vSurgeon  (i.  W.  ('rile  of  Cleveland.  He  gradu- 
ated from  the  medical  department  of  the  University  of  Wooster 
in  1893.  He  ])racticed  one  year  in  Cleveland,  two  years  in 
Congo,  twelve  years  in  West  Farmington,  where  he  still  resides. 

Jesse  E.  Thompson  naturally  chose  the  profession  of  medi- 
cine because  his  father  was  a  physician.  The  latter  acted  as  his 
preceptor.  He  was  born  in  Cortland  in  1876,  received  his  early 
education  in  the  Cortland  and  Bristol  schools.  He  studied  at 
Mount  Hermon,  Massachusetts,  and  Ohio  State  University.  Like 
most  of  the  doctors  of  Trumbull  county,  he  received  his  medical 
training  at  the  Western  Beserve  University,  graduating  in  ]!t04. 
He  enjoys  a  good  practice  at  Bristolville. 

Albert  AV.  Thompson  has  practiced  during  his  itrofessional 
life  entirely  in  Truml)ull  County.  He  was  born  in  1845  at  Bris- 
tol and  has  practiced  there  and  in  Cortland.  At  present  his  son 
is  associated  with  him  in  the  former  place.  He  was  educated  in 
the  Bristol  schools  and  West  Farmington  Seminary.  His  first 
studies  were  conducted  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  A.  J. 
Broekett  of  Bristolville,  and  were  finished  at  the  medical  col- 
lege in  Cleveland,  now  the  Western  Reserve  University. 

Dr.  George  J.  Smith  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  having  been  Ijorn  in 
Cincinnati,  May  8,  1875.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  Birming- 
ham, Alal)ama,  where  he  attended  school.  Later  he  attended 
the  Pittsburg  high  school,  graduated  at  the  Pittsburg  College, 
and  attended  the  University  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  gradu- 
ating from  the  medical  de])artment  in  1898.  He  was  house  phy- 
sician at  St.  Francis  Hospital  one  year,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  ]iracticing  in  Niles. 

Dr.  D.  R.  Williams,  of  (xirard,  is  a  native  of  Iowa.  He  was 
born  in  that  state  in  1864.  He  had  a  common-school  education 
in  the  Hubbard  district  and  high  school,  attended  Mount  Union 
College;  received  his  medical  education  at  the  Western  Reserve 
University,  graduating  in  1891  at  the  Starling  Medical  School, 


330  IIISTOKY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

Columbus,  Oliio.  He  began  practice  iu  Iowa,  stayed  there  three 
years,  but  for  the  last  fifteen  years  has  resided  in  Girard. 

Dr.  Andrew  J.  Eathburn  is  a  native  of  Tnimbull  County, 
having  spent  most  of  his  professional  life  here  also.  He  was 
born  in  Hartford  in  1835;  attended  common-schools  in  Hart- 
ford. He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  F.  F.  Donaldson,  Green- 
ville, Pennsylvania ;  also  with  Dr.  Daniel  B.  "Woods  of  Warren, 
and  J.  Y.  James  of  Sharon.  He  attended  lectures  at  the  Buffalo 
Medical  College  in  1865  and  1866,  "Western  Eeserve  College  in 
1866-67,  and  passed  the  medical  examination  by  the  Ohio  state 
medical  examining  board.  He  took  a  post-graduate  course  in 
therapeutics  and  surgery  in  Chicago.  He  followed  his  profes- 
sion thirty-four  years  in  Brookfield  and  Hubbard.  He  prac- 
ticed twelve  years  iu  Youugstown  and  the  last  nine  years  in 
Hartford.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Eclectic  Association. 

Dr.  L.  M.  "Wright  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Since  the 
formation  of  the  township  of  Brookfield  many  of  the  residents 
have  come  from  the  state  directly  on  the  east.  Dr.  "Wright's 
home  town  was  Bakerstown,  where  he  was  born  in  1875.  He 
received  his  common-school  education  in  Philadelphia  and 
Bethel,  Pennsylvania.  He  attended  "Westminster  College  at 
New  "Wilmington,  where  he  received  his  degree  of  A.  B.  Gradu- 
ated from  Marion-Sims  Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
and  began  practicing  at  Mention,  of  that  state.  His  later  prac- 
tice has  been  at  Brookfield,  Ohio. 

One  of  the  young  doctors  of  "Warren  is  John  C.  Heushaw, 
whose  native  town  is  Coalport,  this  state.  He  received  his  com- 
mon-school education  at  Sharon,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  degree 
B.  S.  from  Hall  Institute.  He  entered  Pulte  Medical  College, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1893,  receiving  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1896. 
The  first  ten  years  of  his  professional  life  were  spent  at  Vienna, 
and  three  and  one-half  years  in  Warren.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Ohio  State  Medical  Society,  and  the  American  ]iledical  Asso- 
ciation. 

L.  S.  Moore  Jr.  is  one  of  the  younger  doctors  of  the  county. 
He  was  born  in  Kinsman,  attended  common  and  high  school  in 
that  town,  afterwards  going  to  Stanford  University.  His 
medical  education  was  received  at  the  Western  Eeserve  Uni- 
versity. Dr.  Moore  graduated  from  the  University  in  1906; 
spent  fifteen  months  in  the  Cleveland  City  Hospital,  and  in  1907 


HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  331 

began  practice  iu  Kinsman,  where  his  father  had  long  l)een  one 
of  the  leading  physicians. 

Dr.  T.  M.  Sabin,  one  of  the  oldest  practitioners  iu  Warren, 
was  born  at  Mayfield,  Cuyahoga  county,  in  1850.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  ]\Iayfield  common-schools,  and  in  the  acad- 
emy of  that  town.  His  home  was  in  the  section  of  the  township 
now  known  as  "Gates  Mills."  He  received  his  collegiate  educa- 
tion at  the  Western  Eeserve  University,  graduating  from  the 
medical  department  iu  1875.  Before  that  he  had  studied  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  A.  H.  Davis,  of  Willoughby.  He  began  his  prac- 
tice at  Willoughby,  spent  three  years  in  Iowa  recruiting  his 
health,  took  up  practice  in  Bedford,  and  then  came  to  Warren, 
where  most  of  his  i^rofessional  life  has  been  spent.  He  is  a 
]\[ason,  a  member  of  the  ^letliodist  church,  was  at  one  time  on 
the  board  of  j^eusion  examiners,  and  enjoys  a  lucrative  practice. 

Dr.  J.  P.  Claypole  of  Xiles  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  having 
l)een  born  in  Marysville  in  1869.  He  graduated  from  the  Hahne- 
mann Medical  College  of  Philadelphia  in  1893,  having  received 
his  common-school  education  in  Youngstown  and  his  medical 
education  under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  McGranagan.  He  prac- 
ticed in  Youngstown  from  1893  to  1896,  tlien  removed  to  Bed- 
ford, Pennsylvania,  where  he  stayed  three  years,  and  settled 
in  Xiles  in  1899,  where  he  continues  to  practice. 

Dr.  G.  B.  McCurley,  who  was  born  in  the  centennial  year, 
has  spent  his  life  in  Cortland.  Here  he  was  born,  educated,  and 
practices  his  profession.  He  attended  the  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  at  Chicago,  graduating  in  1899.  For  a  time  he  studied 
with  Dr.  0.  A.  Palmer,  of  Warren,  since  which  time  he  has  prac- 
ticed in  Cortland. 

Dr.  S.  C.  Clisby  is  a  Trumbull  County  man,  having  been 
born  in  Gustavus  in  1872.  His  tirst  education  was  obtained  in 
the  district  school  of  that  township.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
New  LjT^ne  Institute,  receiving  his  A.  B.  degree  at  Adelbert  Col- 
lege, and  his  doctor's  degree  at  the  Western  Eeserve  University 
of  Cleveland.  He  began  practicing  in  1901  in  Kinsman  and  has 
continued  to  reside  there. 

Dr.  Hubert  L.  Boot,  a  native  of  Kinsman,  was  born  in  1867. 
He  attended  the  Kinsman  schools,  the  Kinsman  Academy,  and 
graduated  at  the  Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus,  Ohio.  He 
began  his  practice  in  Kinsman  and  continues  there. 

Dr.  Herbert  A.  Sherwood  has  been  the  longest  in  practice 


333  ]ITST01;Y  01-^  TIU'^rBl'LL  rOT-XTY 

of  any  doctor  in  "Warren.  He  was  liorn  on  a  farm  in  Fredericks- 
town  in  1851.  Like  most  rnral  residents,  he  attended  district 
school  and  the  Fredericktown  high  school.  He  also  studied 
medicine  in  the  same  town,  his  preceptor  being  Dr.  E.  M.  Hall. 
He  graduated  in  1876  from  the  Cleveland  Homeopathic  College. 
He  located  in  Warren  the  same  year,  where  he  has  enjoyed  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  the  Ohio  Medical  Society,  the  American 
Institute  of  Homeopathy,  and  the  Ohio  Homeoj^athic  Society. 

Dr.  "\V.  F.  Horton  is  a  native  of  Trumlmll  County.  He  was 
born  in  Cortland  in  1865.  His  primary  education  was  had  at 
Fowler  Center.  Later  he  studied  in  the  schools  in  Cleveland, 
and  for  a  short  time  at  Hiram  College.  He  had  no  preceptor, 
but  studied  medicine  as  he  taught  school.  Three  different  years 
he  attended  the  Medical  Institiite  at  Cincinnati,  graduating-  in 
1893.  His  professional  life  has  been  spent  at  Cortland,  where 
he  enjoys  a  good  practice. 

Dr.  C.  M.  Bice  of  Newton  Falls  not  only  stands  well  in  his 
profession  but  as  a  citizen  as  well.  He  was  liorn  in  Palmyra 
in  1857 ;  obtained  his  common-school  education  at  Xewton  Falls, 
Cleveland,  and  New  York.  Graduated  from  the  Western  Re- 
serve Medical  College  in  188rl-,  and  has  spent  his  professional 
life  in  Newton  Falls.  His  father  was  his  preceptor,  and  the 
fact  that  he  was  associated  with  him  was  of  great  assistance  to 
Dr.  Rice. 

Dr.  James  McMurray  was  born  in  Sliarpsville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1848.  He  was  educated  in  the  Sliarpsville  schools  and 
in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Edinboro,  Pennsylvania.  He 
studied  medicine  under  the  direction  of  his  father  in  Sliarps- 
ville and  graduated  from  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  in  1875. 
His  professional  life  has  been  spent  in  Hubbard. 

Dr.  W.  S.  Thompson  of  Girard  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  having 
been  born  at  Harland  Springs  in  1870.  He  is  now  practicing 
at  Girard  and  has  been  since  1892.  He  received  his  education  in 
his  home  town,  taking,  at  the  end,  a  three  years'  course  in  the 
college  located  at  Harland  Springs.  He  graduated  at  seventeen, 
and  taught  four  years  thereafter.  Studied  with  Dr.  A.  P. 
Albaugh  of  Kilgore  for  a  year  and  a  half.  Took  a  three  years' 
course  in  the  Starling  Medical  College  of  Columbus,  graduating 
in  1896.  Practiced  in  his  home  town  a  little  more  than  six  years 
and  then  moved  to  Girard. 


HISTOiiY  OF  TUUMBULL  e'OUNTY  333 

Dr.  <j.  A.  Huntley,  now  practicing-  in  Greene,  is  a  Trumbull 
County  man.  He  was  born  in  Bloomfield  in  1871,  and  received 
his  common-school  education  in  that  town.  He  attended  Hiram 
College,  studied  with  0.  A.  Huntley,  and  in  1895  graduated  from 
the  Western  Reserve  University.  He  practiced  for  a  little  time 
in  Copley,  Sunmiit  county,  before  going  to  Greene. 

Dr.  W.  S.  Bond,  of  Hubbard,  is  a  native  of  Ashtabula 
county,  having-  been  liorn  at  Rock  Creek  in  18G1.  His  early  edu- 
cation was  obtained  in  that  town  and  in  1900  he  graduated  from 
the  Starling  Medical  College  at  Columbus.  That  same  year  he 
began  practice  at  Hubbard,  where  he  continues  to  reside. 

Dr.  O.  A.  Huntley,  who  has  spent  most  of  his  professional 
life  in  North  Bloomlield  and  who  has  been  identified  with  the 
business  interests  there  as  well,  was  born  in  Sharon,  Medina 
county,  Ohio,  in  1842.  He  received  his  early  education  in  the 
district  school,  and  the  academy  at  Granger,  Medina  county.  He 
'  studied  medicine  with  Rufus  Randall,  of  Bath,  Summit  county, 
Ohio,  and  at  the  medical  college  in  Colmnbus,  finishing  in  1866. 

Dr.  Harlan  M.  Page,  the  junior  ])artner  of  Sabin  &  Page, 
was  born  in  Ross,  Michigan,  in  1864.  He  was  educated  in  the 
high  school  at  Bedford,  went  to  the  University  of  Michigan,  and 
graduated  at  Hiram  College  in  1890.  He  studied  medicine  at 
the  Western  Reserve  University  at  Wooster,  and  at  Jefferson 
^Medical  College,  graduating  from  the  latter  place.  He  taught 
his  profession  in  Hiram  College,  after  liis  graduation,  and  prac- 
ticed in  that  town  with  great  success.  He  married  Addie  Zol- 
lars,  the  daughter  of  President  ZoUars  of  Hiram  College.  A 
few  years  since  he  came  to  Warren,  where  he  has  engaged  in 
general  practice,  specializing  in  certain  diseases  of  the  eye.  Dr. 
Page  is  a  memlier  of  and  an  officer  in  the  Disciple  church. 

Alfred  L.  Albertson  was  born  in  1848  in  New  Jersey.  His 
parents  were  Pennsylvanians,  and  in  1868  he  began  the  study  of 
medicine  with  Dr.  Kerr  in  Philadeljihia,  and  took  a  course  of  lec- 
tures at  the  Jefferson  Medical  College.  He  also  had  a  course  in 
Cincinnati.  He  early  practiced  in  Newton  Falls,  then  removed 
to  Cleveland.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Rice  of  Newton 
Falls,  and  they  reside  in  Warren,  although  the  Doctor  continues 
his  practice  in  Cleveland. 

The  following  are  also  members  of  the  Trumlmll  County 
Medical  Society,  but  the  author  has  been  unable  to  obtain  any 
information  in  regard  to  their  lives  and  work : 


334  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

Dr.  David  S.  Lillibridge,  Mesopotamia. 

Dr.  H.  S.  Brown,  Niles. 

Dr.  F.  J.  Eitterspach,  Niles. 

Dr.  Henry  V.  Ormerod,  Niles. 

Dr.  Thomas  0.  Clingan,  Niles. 

Dr.  H.  McA.  Mealy,  Newton  Falls. 

Dr.  Charles  A.  Martin,  North  Bloomiiekl. 

Dr.  C.  S.  Fenton,  Orangeville. 

Dr.  W.  C.  Holbrook,  Orangeville. 

Dr.  E.  M.  Bancroft,  Phalanx. 

Dr.  E.  L.  Wrentmore,  West  Farmington. 

Dr.  AYesley  P.  Arner,  Fowler. 

Dr.  John  F.  Keeiie,  Gnstavns. 

Dr.  Charles  "\V.  Banks,  Hartford. 

Dr.  John  M.  Elder,  Mineral  Eidge. 

Dr.  C.  A.  Archer,  Warren. 

Dr.  M.  I.  Hatfield,  Warren. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Scoville,  Warren. 

Dr.  G.  N.  Simpson,  Warren. 

Dr.  W.  D.  Cunningham,  Girard. 

Dr.  F.  C.  Hunt,  Girard. 

Dr.  G.  E.  Stevenson,  Hubbard. 

Although  Dr.  Dudly  Allen  of  Cleveland  is  not  a  Trumbull 
County  man,  we  like  to  claim  him,  as  we  do  Dr.  Benj.  Millikin, 
the  well  known  eye  and  ear  specialist  of  Cleveland. 

The  following  are  clippings  from  old  newspapers  which  may 
interest  readers : 

Trump  of  Fame,  June  16,  1812.  "In  conformity  to  the 
laws  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  regulating  the  practice  of  physic 
and  surgery,  a  number  of  the  members  of  the  Medical  So- 
ciety of  the  Sixth  District,  convened  at  Warren,  Trmnbull 
County,  Ohio,  on  Monday,  the  1st  day  of  June,  when — 

"Doet.  John  W.  Seely  was  chosen  chairman;  Doct. 
David  Long,  secretary,  and  Doct.  Shadrack  Bostwick, 
treasurer. 

"The  society  then  proceeded  to  elect  members  to  meet 
the  general  convention  at  Chillicothe,  on  the  first  Monday  of 
November  next,  and  the  following  persons  were  chosen, 
viz.:  Docts.  Charles  Dutton,  Peter  Allen,  and  Joseph  De- 
Wolf. 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  335 

"The  following  question  -n-as  then  propounded  for  the 
discussion  of  the  society  at  their  next  meeting,  viz. :  '  From 
whence  and  in  what  manner  does  the  blood  issue  that  is  ex- 
pectorated in  pleurisy  that  terminates  favorably?' 

"The  meeting  then  adjourned  to  meet  again  at  AVarreu 
on  the  tirst  Monday  of  February  next. 

•'John  W.  Seeley,  Chairman. 
"David  Loxg,  Sec." 

Dr.  B.  Austin  advertises  in  the  Chronicle  in  1840. 

Advertisement,  Jan.  28,  1840,  J.  H.  McBride,  Indian 
physician.    Office  one  door  south  Charles  Smith's  store. 

Dr.  S.  Woodin,  dentist,  advertises  March  2,  1811. 

Dr.  J.  S.  Kuhn,  eye  specialist,  Feb.  23,  1841. 

Doct.  J.  Lloyd  of  Liberty,  Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  pro- 
poses to  cure  the  following  diseases :  hydrophobia,  epilepsy. 
Xo  cure,  no  pay.    (1844) 

Trumbull  County  ]\redical  Society,  1840,  A.  Hartmau, 
sec. 

Dr.  D.  B.  Woods,  married  to  Miss  Phebe  L.  Ilalliday, 
by  Eev.  A.  G.  Sturges,  on  May  12,  1842. 

Daniel  Wannemaker  writing  from  Albert  Lea,  Minn., 
July  31,  1885,  to  the  Chronicle,  says:  "He  (old  Dr.  J.  B. 
Harmon)  more  than  tifty  years  ago  pulled  a  tooth  for  me, 
in  the  siunmer  of  1834.  I  foimd  him  at  the  old  court  house. 
Then  he  took  an  old  dull  jacknife  and  cut  around  the  tooth. 
That  hurt  some,  but  I  was  a  boy  then  and  had  not  learned  to 
chew  tobacco,  but  I  could  take  a  pretty  stiff  horn  of  whisky, 
a  conmion  article  in  every  family. ' ' 

Meeting  of  doctors,  in  October  27,  1818,  Jno.  B.  Har- 
mon, sec. 

Notice  of  medical  meeting  for  the  last  Tuesdav  in  Oc- 
tober, 1827. 

Meeting  of  Medical  Society  of  May  27,  1828.  Jolm  M. 
Seely  was  elected  president;  C.  C.  Cook,  vice  president; 
Charles  Dutton,  treasurer,  and  John  B.  Harmon,  secretary. 
Homer  Tylee  received  a  diploma.  Dr.  Haney  Manning  was 
appointed  delegate  to  attend  a  convention  held  in  Columbus, 
and  John  Truesdale  a  beneficiary  to  attend  a  course  of  lec- 
tures for  the  year  1828. 

Thomas  Sherwood.  I\r.  D.,  had  poem  in  Chronicle  in 
1840. 


3(j  HISTOKV   OF  'I'ld MIUJ.L  (01 MT 

lu  1861  filled  teeth  '-ATitli  .i^-old  for  50c,  with  tinfoil  fur 

Medical  Society  met  at  llowlaud  Spi'ings  with  Dr.  J. 
Harmon  as  secretary',  Aug.  2,  187(i. 

AVm.  Heaton  commenced  i)ractice  of  medicine  in  AVar- 
ren,  1819. 

Medical  Notice.  Dr.  Ashael  Brainard  and  Geo.  R. 
Espey  were  examined  Nov.  2,  1820:  Dr.  Brainard 's  theme 
was  on  Fever;  Espey 's  on  Dysentery.  They  were  given  di- 
plomas. John  M.  Seely,  pres. ;  John  B.  Harmon,  see. ; 
Charles  Dutton,  treas. 

In  1860  Dr.  Warren  Iddings  allowed  patent  for  im- 
provement on  embalming  of  dead  bodies.  The  Chronicle 
wishes  him  to  reap  a  rich  harvest  from  his  invention. 

1861,  Drs.  Harmon  and  Smith  of  AYarren  offer  sei-\dces 
free  to  the  families  of  all  who  go  to  fight  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  the  government. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 


Masons. — Odd  Fellows. — Knights  of  Pythias. 

Ill  the  year  1803  a  number  of  "Free  and  Accepted  Ancient 
York  Masons"  residing  in  Trumbull  County  detemiined  to 
establish  a  lodge  of  the  order  in  Warren.  Samuel  Tylee,  Martin 
Smith,  Tryal  Tanner,  Camden  Cleveland,  Solomon  Griswold, 
Aaron  Wheeler,  John  Walworth,  Charles  Button,  Arad  Way, 
Gideon  Hoadlay,  Ezekiel  Hover,  Turhaud  Kirtland,  John 
Leavitt,  William  Raven,  George  Phelps,  James  B.  Root,  James 
Bunscombe,  Samuel  Spencer,  Joseph  BeWolf,  Baniel  Bushnell, 
Calvin  Austin,  and  Asael  Adams  petitioned  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Connecticut  (most  of  these  men  had  come  from  that  state) 
for  authority  to  "congregate  as  Free  and  Accepted  York 
Masons"  and  to  form  a  lodge  under  the  Connecticut  jurisdic- 
tion and  protection.  Samuel  Tylee  carried  this  petition  to  the 
city  of  New  Haven,  presented  it  to  the  Grand  Lodge  then  in 
session.  The  charter  which  was  granted  at  this  time  bears  the 
date  of  October  19th,  A.  L.  5803,  A.  B.  1803.  Samuel  Tylee 
was  appointed  deputj'  grand  master,  directed  to  proceed  to 
Warren  to  dedicate  the  new^  lodge  and  install  its  officers. 

On  March  16,  1804,  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  Beputy 
Grand  jMaster  Tylee,  together  with  the  grand  officers  whom  he 
had  appointed  pro  tempore,  went  in  procession  to  the  room 
provided  and  opened  the  Grand  Lodge  in  the  tirst  three  degrees 
of  Masonry  in  the  proper  form.  The  following  men  were  pro- 
posed as  officers  of  the  new  lodge:  Right  Worshipful  Turhand 
Kirtland,  master;  Right  Worshipful  John  Leavitt,  senior  war- 
den; Right  Worshipful  William  Ra^'en,  junior  warden;  Calvin 
Austin,  treasurer;  Camden  Cleveland,  secretary;  Aaron 
Wlieeler,  senior  deacon;  John  Walworth,  junior  deacon; 
Charles  Button  and  Arad  Way,  stewards ;  Ezekiel  Hover,  tyler. 
Being  fully  satisfied  with  their  character,  skill,  and  qualitica- 
tions  for  the  government  of  the  new  lodge,  and  having  also 

337 


338  HISTORY  OF  TEr.MBl'LL  rOINTY 

received  the  entire  and  unconditional  consent  of  the  brethren 
l>reseut,  tlie  deputy  grand  master,  with  the  otlier  grand  otificers, 
acting  under  the  authority  given  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Con- 
necticut, then  proceeded  to  ' '  constitute,  consecrate,  and  solemnly 
install  the  said  petitioners  and  their  said  officers  by  the  name 
of  Erie  Lodge  No.  47,  Ancient  Free  and  Accepted  York  Masons, 
agreeably  to  the  ancient  usages,  customs,  and  laws  of  the  craft, 
under  the  protection  and  jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Connecticut."  And  now,  having  in  proper  fonn  solemnly 
erected  this  lodge  to  God  and  dedicated  it  to  the  holy  Saint 
John,  it  now  being  legally  empowered  as  a  lodge  of  Free  and 
Accepted  Masons  to  work  and  act  as  such  in  strict  conformity 
to  the  ancient  charges  of  the  fraternity,  the  usual  rites  and 
ceremonies  ])erformed,  the  Grand  Lodge  at  three  o'clock  closed 
in  form,  "with  great  harmony."  At  five  o'clock  on  the  same 
day  Erie  Lodge  convened  in  the  lodge  room  in  "Warren,  and 
meetings  were  held  from  that  date  at  varying  intervals.  In 
1807  George  Tod,  John  Leavitt,  and  "William  Rayeu  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  correspond  with  other  lodges  in  the 
state  in  regard  to  the  formation  of  a  grand  lodge  for  the  state 
of  Ohio.  The  following  fall,  George  Tod  and  John  Seeley  were 
chosen  delegates  from  Erie  Lodge  No.  47,  to  a  convention  to  be 
held  in  Chillicothe  the  first  Monday  in  January,  1808,  at  which 
time  the  state  legislature  would  be  in  session.  Credit  is  there- 
fore due.  to  old  Erie  Lodge  for  being  the  first  to  take  steps  in 
the  formation  of  a  grand  lodge  in  Ohio.  Five  other  lodges  were 
represented  at  the  conference  in  Chillicothe,  which  resulted  in 
a  resolution  to  form  a  grand  lodge,  and  measures  to  render 
the  resolutions  effective  by  completing  the  organization.  George 
Tod  was  secretary  of  tliat  convention.  Rufus  Putnam  was 
chosen  Rt.  ^Y.  Gr.  M.,  and  George  Tod  of  Erie  Lodge,  Rt.  "W.  S. 
G.  "W.  The  delegates  appointed  in  December,  1808,  from  Erie 
Lodge  to  the  Grand  Lodge,  "at  their  grand  communication  to 
be  held  in  January  thereafter"  were  George  Tod,  Samuel 
Huntington,  and  John  H.  Adgate.  These  representatives  car- 
ried the  original  charter  granted  them  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Connecticut,  and  surrendered  it  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio, 
receiving  in  its  place  "a  warrant  of  dispensation."  Under  this 
warrant  the  same  by-laws  which  were  in  force  under  the  charter 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Connecticut  were  adopted,  and  the  lodge 
continued  to  work  under  its  authoritv  with  the  same  designation 


niSTOKY  OF  TKUMBITLL  COUNTY  339 

as  l.)efove,  "Erie  No.  47,"  until  1S14,  when  tlif  (iraiid  Lodge 
issued  a  charter  of  constitution,  constituting-  and  ajqiointiug 
"Samuel  Tylee,  Francis  Freeman,  Elisba  Whittlesey,  Seth 
Tracy,  William  \V.  Cotgreave,  John  Leavitt,  Calvin  Austin. 
and  their  successors  forever,  a  regular  lodge  of  Free  and 
Accepted  Masons,  to  be  hailed  by  the  name  of  Erie  Lodge 
Xo.  .']."  The  several  lodges  were  numbered  iu  accordance  with 
their  order  of  precedence  as  determined  by  the  dates  of  original 
establishment.  Erie  Lodge  was  antedated  by  lodges  in  ^larietta 
and  Cincinnati,  but  was  the  eldest  on  the  Reserve,  that  is.  in 
Old  Trumbull  County. 

Cxeorge  Tod  was  not  only  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in 
the  early  history  of  Trumbull  County,  but  he  was  }n-ominent  in 
many  different  directions.  He  was  initiated  and  passed  in  1804. 
raised  1S05,  elected  master  of  the  lodge  iu  1811,  was  prominent 
in  establishing  the  (xrand  Lodge,  secretary  of  the  convention  at 
Chillicotlie,  was  the  first  grand  senior  warden  of  the  (Irand 
Lodge,  and  served  the  local  lodges  iu  every  capacity.  The  mem- 
bers  forming-  the  lodge  were  from  Cleveland,  A'oungstown, 
Canfield,  Poland,  Hubbard,  and  other  points. 

Among  the  early  members  who  have  descendants  in 
Tiumbull  County  wei-e  John  H.  Adgate,  Edward  Scoville,  Elisha 
Whittlesey,  Seymour  Austin,  Lyman  Potter.  Richard  Iddings. 
Isaac  Ladd.  Asael  Adams,  George  Tod,  Lewis  IToyt,  Joliu  B. 
Harmon,  Cyrus  Bosworth,  Rufus  P.  Spaiilding.  Jacob  H. 
Baldwin,  Isaac  Heatou,  Jeremiah  Brooks,  Edward  Sj)ear, 
Benjamin  Towne,  Henry  Stiles,  David  Webli,  Adamson  Bentley. 
Robert  Bentley,  Samuel  Wheeler,  William  Andrews,  Elderkin 
Potter.  John  Shook.  Ebenezer  Thomi)son,  Reuben  Case,  dames 
Goe,  John  Harrington,  Benjamin  and  Horace  Stevens. 

Some  of  the  early  members  of  Erie  Lodge  Xo.  47  were 
members  of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company.  They  were  all  of 
them  strong-  men.  X"o  one  knows  the  location  of  the  room  in 
which  the  lodge  was  instituted,  nor  where  the  first  meetings  were 
held.  "Tradition,  having  a  foundation,  no  doubt,  says  they  met 
in  1810  in  the  gambrel-roofed,  red  frame  building-  in  which  the 
Western  Reserve  Bank  was  first  organized,  that  stood  on  the 
east  side  of  Main  street."  From  1812  Benjamin  Stevens  served 
nearly  all  offices  of  the  lodge  and  presided  in  the  oriental  chair. 
In  1810  to  1815  they  met  at  Hadley's  Tavern,  which  stood  where 
the  Wallace-Gillmer  block  now  stands.     "From  this  room  thev 


34(1  IIISTOUV   OF  TIMMIU'LL  COl-XTY 

marched  in  procession,  on  tlie  celebration  of  St.  John's  day,  in 
June  of  those  years,  to  a  log  building  then  used  as  a  schoolhouse, 
standing  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  park,  west  of  Main 
street,  and  north  of  the  present  city  building. ' '  Soon  after  this, 
probably  in  1816,  they  removed  to  "Castle  William,"  after- 
wards known  as  "Pavilion  Hotel."  In  1823  the  lodge  paid  rent 
to  Benjamin  Towne,  wlio  itresumably  kept  the  hotel  and  ])erhaps 
owned  the  building.  They  continued  to  occupy  this  building  imtil 
1829,  when,  under  the  great  excitement  of  anti-Mason  feeling, 
the  lodge  became  weakened,  and  sometime  between  that  and 
1833  Erie  Ijodge  No.  3,  as  did  many  others  of  the  Grand  Lodge, 
suspended.  The  charter  of  this  lodge  was  consumed  by  fire 
when  the  liouse  of  Edward  Spear,  father  of  Judge  William  T. 
Sjtear,  was  liurned  in  1835.  This  house  stood  on  the  ground  now 
occupied  by  tlie  First  Methodist  church. 

In  1854  a  number  of  Masons  who  were  connected  with  the 
old  lodge,  that  is.  No.  3,  met  at  the  home  of  one  of  the  members 
as  they  had  done  more  or  less  during  the  interval,  and  made 
ap]ilication  to  the  grand  master  for  a  new  charter.  The  warrant 
and  dis])ensation  of  June  21st  was  issued  to  Richard  Iddings, 
Jacob  If.  Baldwin,  J.  B.  Buttles,  William  H.  HoUoway,  Henry 
Stiles,  J.  Kodgers,  H.  Benham,  Garry  C.  Reed,  J.  Veon, 
Benjamin  Stevens,  Edward  Spear,  John  B.  Harmon,  Alexander 
McConnell,  and  II.  McManus,  under  the  title  of  "Western 
Reserve  Lodge."  The  first  communication  under  this  dispensa- 
tion was  held  July  7,  1851.  During  the  lap.se  of  Erie  Lodge 
No.  3,  another  lodge  had  been  established  by  that  name,  luit  in 
the  same  year  when  a  charter  was  granted  by  the  Grand  Lodge 
at  its  anniial  communication  the  former  title  was  restored,  with 
the  luime  "Old  Erie."  The  lodge  was  constituted,  under  the 
new  cliarter,  in  the  lodge  rooms  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.  in  Iddings' 
Block,  on  .January  30,' 1855,  by  John  M.  Webb,  of  Cantield 
Three  months  later  tliey  moved  to  rooms  in  the  Gaskill  House 
(now  the  Austin  House),  when  the  officers  were,  Edward  Spear, 
W^  M.;  Charles  R.  Hmit,  S.  W.;  Jacob  H.  Baldwin,  J.  W.; 
Henry  Stiles,  treasurer;  John  M.  Stull,  secretary;  William 
Greene,  S.  D. ;  Edward  Spear  Jr.,  J.  D.  Ebenezer  H.  Goodale, 
tyler.  F^arly  in  18(i2  they  removed  from  Gaskill  House  to  a 
liall  built  for  tlieui  in  the  third  story  of  the  present  Second 
National  liaiik  building.  In  1869  the  third  story  of  the  present 
I'liion  Xatitiiial   Bank  was  fitted  vi])  for  them  in  a  very  elegant 


HISTORY  OF  TRU.MBULL  COUNTY  341 

way.  In  1904  the  MasoDic  Temple  Company  purchased  a  huild- 
ing  at  the  northeast  corner  of  ]\Iarket  and  Pine  streets,  remod- 
eled it,  and  this  was  occupied  by  the  various  Masonic  bodies 
October  1,  1904.  On  the  evening  of  March  16,  1904,  Old  Erie 
Lodge  celebrated,  in  a  quiet  way,  a  centenary  of  the  organization 
of  Masonry  in  the  Western  Reserve. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  Trumbull  County  Masons  the  meet- 
ings were  always  at  the  time  of  full  moon.  There  was  nothing 
mystic  about  this,  but  it  was  done  because  the  members  many  of 
them  came  on  horseback.  There  were  no  artiiicial  lights,  and 
traveling  through  the  woods  was  not  only  lonesome  l)ut  often 
perilous. 

The  past  masters  of  Old  Erie  Lodge  No.  o,  are  Turhand 
Kirtland,  Edward  Paine,  Martin  Smith,  George  Tod,  John 
Leavitt,  Samuel  Tylee,  Francis  Freeman,  Adamsou  Bentley, 
Benjamin  Stevens,  Edward  Flint,  Ri;fus  P.  Spaulding,  Cyrus 
Bosworth,  Edward  Spear,  R.  A.  Baldwin,  Charles  R.  Hunt,  Tliad 
Ackley,  E.  C.  Cady,  H.  B.  AVeir,  S.  F.  Bartlett,  W.  A.  Reeves, 
George  H.  Tavler,  C.  F.  Clapp,  George  A.  Mitchell,  T.  II.  Gill- 
mer,  B.  J.  Tavlor,  II.  H.  Sutherland,  AVilliam  T.  Fee,  C.  M.  Wil- 
kins,  W.  C.  Ward,  D.  W.  Cami)bell,  W.  A.  Spill,  Alva  M.  Ohl, 
Dan  G.  Simpson,  F.  K.  >Smitli,  Fred  T.  Stone.  Present  master, 
Fred  C.  ]\Iarch. 

There  are  a  number  of  active  Masonic  lodges  in  Trumbull 
County:  Jerusalem  Lodge  No.  19,  of  Hartford,  was  chartered 
in  1814.  H.  K.  Hull  is  worshipful  master.  Mahoning  Lodge 
No.  394,  Niles,  chartered  in  1867,  George  S.  Brown,  master. 
Gustavus  Lodge  No.  442,  Kinsman,  chartered  1870,  F.  A. 
Roberts,  master.  Newton  Falls  Lodge  No.  462,  chartered  1872, 
W.  K.  Gardner,  master.  AVesteru  Reserve  Lodge  No.  507,  West 
Fai-mington,  chartered  1875,  F.  S.  Hart,  master.  Cortland 
Lodge  No.  529,  Cortland,  chartered  1882,  Jay  E.  Miller,  master. 
Mahoning  Chapter  No.  66,  R.  A.  M.,  Warren,  originally  char- 
tered 1824,  re-chartered  1855,  C.  M.  Oliphant,  i\I.  E.  H.  P. 
Warren  Council  No.  58,  R.  &  S.  M.,  Warren,  chartered  1871,  C. 
Harrv  Angstadt,  T.  I.  M.  Warren  Commandery  No.  39,  K.  T., 
chartered  1884,  C.  M.  Wilkins,  E.  C. 

(Note. — The  details  regarding  organization  and  early  his- 
tory of  the  original  lodge  as  here  given  have  been  compiled  from 
the  records  in  the  ]iossession  of  the  Old  Erie  Tjodge). 


34-2  HISTOltY   OF  THI-M  lULI,  CorXTY 

Odd  Felloirship. 

On  May  21,  184-1:,  a  charter  was  issued  to  Mahoning  Lodge 
No.  29,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  with  the  following- 
members:  Charles  Pease,  James  Benson,  Josiah  F.  Brown, 
L.  P.  Lott,  and  E.  AV.  Weir.  The  charter  was  signed  by 
Samuel  AV.  Corwin,  M.  \\.  G.  M.;  H.  N.  Clark,  R.  AV.  D.  G.  M., 
and  Daniel  S.  Shelbacker,  E.  AV.  G.,  secretary  and  counselor, 
signed  by  Albert  G.  Day,  G.  C.  secretary. 

The  "lodge  was  instituted  May  24,  1844,  in  the  hall  of  Daniel 
Gilbert's  block,  on  the  corner  of  Market  and  Libertv  streets, 
by  D.  D.  G.  ]\1.  Gideon  E.  Tindall,  assisted  by  P.  g".  Brother 
E.  T.  Nichols,  both  of  Cleveland.  The  following  officers  were 
elected  and  installed  into  office :  Lewis  P.  Lott,  N.  G. ;  Josiah  F. 
Brown,  A''.  G. ;  Charles  Pease,  secretary;  E.  AV.  AA'eir,  treasurer. 
Aleetings  were  held  on  that  evening  and  on  the  afternoon  and 
evening  of  the  following  day.  The  following  persons  were 
initiated  at  these  meetings:  Sullivan  D.  Harris,  AVilliani  H. 
Xewhard.  Arthur  Pritchard,  A.  F.  Hunt,  AA^illiam  L.  Knight, 
Charles  E.  Hunt,  0.  P.  Tabor,  Asael  E.  Adams,  Levi  M.  Barnes, 
and  A.  AV.  Bliss.  At  the  end  of  the  year  the  membership  was 
fifty-four. 

The  fire  of  1846  destroyed  Mr.  Gilbert's  block,  and  most  of 
the  furniture,  regalia,  emblems  and  wardrobes  which  were  in 
the  lodge  room  were  lost.  A  special  meeting  called  by  the 
noble  grand,  at  the  request  of  thirteen  members,  was  had  in 
the  hall  room  of  the  American  House,  now  Dana's  Musical 
Institute.  AVilliam  H.  Newhard,  one  of  the  charter  members, 
was  proprietor  of  this  hotel.  At  this  meeting  the  hall  com- 
mittee was  instructed  to  gather  the  scattered  pi'operty  belong- 
ing to  the  lodge,  and  a  special  committee,  consisting  of 
Brothers  AVilliam  AVilliams,  Alanson  Camp,  and  F.  K.  Hubliard, 
was  appointed  to  ascertain  the  amount  of  loss  of  each  individual 
member.  If  this  committee  ever  reported,  no  recoi-d  was  made 
of  it. 

On  June  .'50,  1846,  a  circular,  issued  by  the  authority  of 
the  lodge,  was  sent  out  to  lodges  of  this  and  adjacent  states, 
telling  of  the  disastrous  fire,  and  asking  assistance.  The 
response  was  liberal,  and  this  timely  help  assisted  in  re-estab- 
lishing the  lodge.  Brothers  T.  J.  McLain,  M.  B.  Tayler  and 
Zalmon  Fitch,  were  the  committee  appointed  to  distribute  the 
funds.     Brothers  Alexander  MeConnell,  A.  P.  Lott  and  A.  AV. 


HISTORY  OF  TR[':\rF.ULL  COUNTY  343 

Bliss  were  appointed  on  a  committee  to  procure  a  new  meeting 
place,  and  they  secured  for  thirty  dollars  a  year  a  room  iu 
Asael  Adams  brick  block  on  Main  street,  later  known  as  the 
King-  block.  This  was  done  and  the  lodge  met  here  imtil  July 
12,  1847,  at  which  time  it  moved  into  the  Empire  block,  which 
had  been  erected  on  Samuel  Chesney's  land  by  Lewis  Iddiugs, 
the  first  floor  of  which  is  now  occupied  by  Albert  Guarnieri.  It 
remained  in  this  Ijuilding  for  nearly  forty  years.  Its  next  home 
was  in  the  Masters  &  Myers  block  on  Main  street. 

Mr.  William  Stiles,  either  by  will  or  by  instructions  to  his 
trustees,  planned  for  the  erection  of  a  block,  provided  the  Odd 
Fellows  would  occupy  the  third  story.  This  they  gladly  did, 
moving  into  its  handsome,  new,  spacious  quarters,-  May  1,  1906. 

The  war  had  its  effect  upon  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  as  it  had  upon 
everything.  The  membership  fell  from  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five,  to  fifty.  Capital  and  invested  funds  were  ma- 
terially diminished  by  individual  loans  and  deposits.  Recovery 
was  gradual,  and  the  membership  at  present  is  about  four 
hundred  witli  invested  funds  of  $12,000. 

A  number  of  lodges  in  the  county  and  in  the  vicinity  have 
growu  out  of  this  lodge.  All  told,  the  Warren  lodge  has  in- 
itiated over  four  hundred  members,  some  of  whom  have  become 
very  prominent  in  national  and  state  politics,  professions  and 
trades. 

Few  lodges  have  been  honored  with  so  many  Grand  Lodge 
officers  as  has  Mahoning  Lodge.  General  T.  J.  McLain  was 
elected  grand  patriarch  of  the  Encampment  Branch  of  the 
order  in  1852.  and  served  as  representative  to  the  Sovereign 
Lodge  from  this  branch  in  1850,  1853  and  185-t.  He  was  elected 
grand  master  of  Ohio  in  1855. 

D.  M.  Lazarus  was  elected  grand  i:)atriarch  of  the  Grand 
Encampment  in  1878 ;  grand  warden  of  the  Grand  Lodge  in 
1874.  and  grand  conductor  of  the  Grand  Lodge  in  1877. 

Chai'les  R.  Hunt  was  grand  conductor  in  1853. 

Benjamin  Cranage  was  gTand  guardian  iu  1855. 

Charles  S.  Field  served  as  representative  to  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Ohio  for  six  years,  and  was  then  elected  grand  master 
in  1887. 

M.  S.  Clapp  served  as  representative  to  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Ohio  for  eight  years;  was  elected  grand  master  in  1892;  and 


344  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

served  as  representative  to  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  for  two 
terms. 

F.  J.  Mackey  was  elected  representative  to  the  Grand  En- 
campment of  Ohio  for  twelve  years  and  in  1906  was  elected 
grand  patriarch  of  the  Encampment  of  Ohio. 

The  following  named  members  have  been  elected  and  served 
as  noble  grand  and  for  such  service  received  the  rank  and  title 
of  past  grand: 

18-44,  Levi  1'.  Lott,  J.  F.  Brown  and  Chas.  Pease. 

1845,  Jacob  Benson,  E.  W.  Wier  and  L.  P.  Lott,  (2d  term). 

1846,  Wm.  H.  Newhard  and  Charles  R.  Hunt. 

1847,  Charles  Pease  (2d  term)  and  A.  W.  Bhss. 

1848,  Alex.  McCounell  and  D.  Hitchcock. 

1849,  L.  J.  McLain  and  F.  K.  Hurlburt. 

1850,  James  D.  Watson  and  Robert  W.  Ratliff. 

1851,  S.  D.  Harris  and  Joel  F.  Asper. 

1852,  C.  M.  Patch  and  M.  D.  Leggett. 

1853,  Peter  Gaskill  and  D.  B.  Gilmore. 

1854,  James  Ho>i:  and  M.  McManus. 

1855,  E.  H.  Allison  and  Benjamin  Cranage. 

1856,  Warren  Packard  and  John  M.  Stull. 

1857,  Joel  F.  Asper  (2d  term)  and  E.  H.  Goodale. 

1858,  J.  Goldstein  and  J.  C.  Johnson. 

1859,  B.  C.  Jameson  and  Leonard  Burton. 

1860,  Rufus  Thomas  and  William  R.  Stiles. 

1861,  L.  Burton  (2d  temi)  and  Joel  F.  Asper  (3d  term). 

1862,  Thomas  McConnick  and  James  G.  Brooks. 

1863,  Josiah  Soule  and  Daniel  Bishop. 

1864,  L.  Burton  (3d  term)  and  J.  G.  Brooks  (2d  term). 

1865,  C.  C.  McNutt  and  H.  D.  Niles. 

1866,  B.  Goehring  and  C.  M.  Patch  (2d  term). 

1867,  W.  Y.  Reeves  and  M.  C.  Woodworth. 

1868,  Alouzo  Trusdell  and  J.  G.  Brooks  (3d  temi). 

1869,  J.  W.  Hofstie  and  D.  M.  Lazarus. 

1870,  J.  W.  Hofstie  (2d  tenu)  and  E.  A.  Burnett. 

1871,  John  B.  Hardv  and  Michael  Parker. 

1872,  R.  S.  Elliott  and  E.  W.  Moore. 

1873,  M.  B.  Deane  and  John  L.  Smith. 

1874,  James  D.  Hoone  and  Wilson  Downs. 

1875,  Geo.  B.  Kennedy  and  John  Buchsteiner. 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  345 

1876,  D.  S.  Jackson  and  Robert  S.  AVilkins. 

1877,  William  Dennis  and  John  L.  Smith  (2d  term). 

1878,  C.  N.  Van  Wormer  and  John  AY.  Masters. 

1879,  F.  J.  Mackey  and  J.  W.  McAIurray. 

1880,  A.  R.  Hunt  "and  James  McCormick. 

1881,  Charles  Holman  and  S.  W.  Park. 

1882,  H.  P.  Bassett  and  A.  L.  Jameson. 

1883,  F.  P.  Izant  and  V.  C.  Jeans. 

1884,  Dr.  J.  Hannon  and  D.  H.  Heeklinger. 

1885,  F.  W.  Merriau  and  W.  F.  Angstadt. 

1886,  E.  D.  Kennedy  and  F.  C.  McCounel. 

1887,  W.  H.  Pefters  and  S.  B.  Craig. 

1888,  Samuel  Cosel  and  James  G.  Baldwin. 

1889,  F.  F.  Little  and  E.  A.  Voit. 

1890,  W.  L.  Christianar  and  B.  F.  Wonders. 

1891,  Alonzo  Weaver  and  T.  U.  Wilson. 

1892,  Zaek  Long  and  C.  H.  Struble. 

1893,  James  McCracken  and  H.  B.  Drennen. 

1894,  John  Biggers  and  H.  A.  Voit. 

1895,  H.  J.  Vogley  and  C.  B.  Kistler. 

1896,  John  11.  Slater  and  A.  C.  Burnett. 

1897,  F.  S.  Christ  and  C.  B.  Loveless. 

1898,  R.  W.  Elliott  and  H.  W.  Van  Nye. 

1899,  Charles  F.  Jones  and  C.  B.  Wood. 

1900,  Jacob  Brenner  and  William  Nesbit. 

1901,  J.  W.  Slater  and  J.  M.  Gledhill. 

1902,  J.  C.  Wilhelm  and  D.  G.  Simpson. 

1903,  W.  A.  Spill  and  John  H.  Rarick. 

1904,  George  R.  Watson  and  Edward  Owens. 

1905,  George  T.  Heeklinger  and  Fred  B.  Downs. 

1906,  J.  A.  Bartholomew  and  R.  T.  McCoy. 

1907,  Frank  Daum  and  N.  A.  Wolcott. 

1908,  M.  S.  Clapp  and  Guy  Dillon. 

1909,  E.  B.  Truesdell  and  D.  A.  Bradley. 

Mahoning  Lodge  has  paid  to  its  members  since  its  organi- 
zation, for  benetits  and  charitable  purposes,  about  $75,000. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  Ohio  has  under  its  jurisdiction  about 
900  subordinate  lodges,  with  a  membershii^  of  over  85,000.  These 
subordinate  lodges  have  an  invested  fund  of  over  $3,000,000. 
with  an  annual  revenue  of  about  $800,000,  and  paid  for  the  relief 
of  its  members  during  the  past  year  over  $250,000. 


316  HISTORY  OF  TIU'MBILL  COUXTY 

The  present  officers  are: 

Malioitiitg    Lodt/e    No.    SO.  Cunton    U'arren  No.  07,  P.  it. 

X.   G.,   Earle  b'.   True'sdell.  ('ummaudant.  F.  J.   Mac-key. 

V.  G.,  D.  A.  Bradley.  Lieutenant,   J.   X.   Wadswo'rth. 

Bee.   Sec.,   .1.    M.   GJedhill.  Ensign,   E.   A.   Voit. 

Fin.   Sec,  F.  H.   Alexander.  Clerk,  J.  M.  Gledhill. 

Treas.,   C.  B.   Kistler.  .\ceoiintant,  F.  P.  Izant. 
Trustees,  M.  S.  Clapp,  S.  B.  Craig,  Chas.        rmmhnU   Encampment    ]J7.  I.   0.   0.  F. 

E.   Kistler.  C.  P.,  A,  H.  Denny. 

Odd  FeUoH-s'  Club.  H.  P.,  Clarence  H.  Case. 

Pres.,  M.  S.  Clapp.  S.  W.,  Chas.  Wilson. 

Viee-Pres.,   Theo.    Herlinger.  .1.   W..  Dana   Baldwin. 

Sec,  J.   M.  Gledhill.  Scribe,   F.   .T.   Mackev. 

Treas.,  E.   A.  Voit.  Treas.,  E.   A.  Voit.  " 
House    committee.    F.    J.    Mackey,   Chas.       Trustees,  John  Buchsteiner.  .T.  X.  Thomp- 

Holman,  Geo.   T.   Hecklinger.  "  son,  W.  F.  Angstadt. 

Knufhts  of  Pi/f]iias. 

Inde])euclence  Lodge,  No.  90,  Knights  of  Pythias,  of  War- 
ren, was  instituted  July  27,  1875.  Among  the  charter  members 
were  Dr.  C.  S.  Ward,  Azor  E.  Hunt,  James  McCormick,  F.  M. 
Ritezel,  George  H,  Tayler,  L.  H.  Tliayer,  George  B.  Kennedy, 
H,  A.  Potter,  and  S.  A.  Corbin,  The  lodge  was  instituted  in 
the  quarters  on  the  third  floor  of  the  Second  National  Bank, 
which  was  occupied  by  the  order  for  twenty-four  years,  when 
the  present  Castle  Hall  in  the  Trumbull  Block  was  taken. 

The  membership  is  nearly  300.  The  meetings  are  held  on 
Thursday  nights  of  each  week  and  the  quarters  are  furnished 
with  clubroom  accommodations,  with  dining,  liilliard  and  card 
room  and  dance  hall  features. 

The  present  corps  of  officers  is:  Chancellor  commander, 
B,  F.  Parsons,  Jr. ;  vice  chancellor,  Thomas  Lewis ;  prelate, 
E.  J.  Fnsselman ;  master  at  arms,  Frank  Small ;  master  of  work. 
Ed.  Finn;  inside  guard.  Jay  Quackenbush;  outside  guard,  M.  B. 
Small ;  keeper  of  records  and  seals,  William  Fields ;  master  of 
finance,  Monroe  Van  Gorder;  master  of  exchequer,  W.  B.  Pat- 
ton  ;  trustees,  William  Eatwell,  J.  E.  Davis,  J.  J.  Dietz. 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 

OLD    WESTERN    RESERVE    BANK. 


CHAPTER   XXll— BANKS. 

Old  AVksterx  Re;5j;rve  Bank. — First  Nation.vl  Bank. — AVarrex 
Savings  Bank. — Commercial,  National  Bank. — Union   Xa- 
Ti0N.\L  Bank. — Second  National  Bank. — Trumbull  Na- 
tional Bank. — Western  Reserve  National  Bank. — 
Farmers'   Banking   Company  of  West   Faeming- 
ton. — Dollar  Savings  Bank  Company  of  Niles. 
— First    Nation.-u:.    Bank    of    Cortland» — 
North   Bloomfield   Banking   Company. 

Old  Wt'stfiu  Reserve  Bauk. — The  lirst  bauk  eliartered 
on  the  Western  Reserve  was  tlie  Western  Reserve  Bank 
in  Warren.  Oliio.  and  it  existed  from  1811  to  1863.  It 
had  a  long  and  lionorable  history.  Althonoli  it  was  tlie 
tirst  hank  organized,  it  was  also  the  only  one  to  remain 
solvent  to  the  end  of  the  state  hank  organization.  The 
incorporators  were  Simon  Perkins,  Robert  B.  Parkman,  Tnr- 
liand  Kirtland,  George  Tod,  John  Ford,  S.  C.  ^lygatt,  Calvin 
Anstin,  William  Rayen,  and  John  Kinsman.  General  Simon 
Perkins  was  the  tirst  president,  Zalnion  Fiteh,  the  second, 
George  Parsons,  the  third,  and  last.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
organization  this  bank  did  Inisiness  in  a  store  situated  on  Main 
street,  between  South  and  Franklin  streets,  on  the  east  side. 
In  1816  and  '17  the  old  Western  Reserve  Bank  was  erected  on 
the  lot  where  the  Union  National  Bank  now  stands.  This  lot 
was  purchased  of  Mrs.  Charlotte  Smith.  The  capitalization  of 
the  bank  in  the  beginning  was  $100,000.  Twice  this  organiza- 
tion was  forced  to  snsjiend  pa^inent  until  the  New  York  liauks 
were  able  to  resume  business.  In  1816  its  charter  was  extended 
to  18-t3.  It  then  went  into  liquidation  but  in  1845  it  was  re- 
constructed under  the  Independent  Banking  law,  its  charter 
running  to  1866. 

The  names  of  the  people  connected  with  this  early  bank  are 
of  special  interest  to  the  readers  of  this  history.  We  are  there- 
fore g•i^^ng  the  list  of  the  subscribers  to  the  original  sfock. 

347 


348  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

Name                                       Shares  Amount 

Calvin  Austin 200  $  5,000 

David   Clendenin 200  5,000 

John  Ford 300  7,500 

Turhand  Kirtland 300  7,500 

Polly  Kirtland 20  500 

John  Kinsman,  Sr 800  20,000 

Simon  Perkins,  Sr 300  7,500 

William  Raven 300  7,500 

Asael  Adams,  Sr 20  500 

Seymour  Austin 20  500 

John  Andrews 20  500 

John  Brainard 4  100 

William  Bell,  Jr 50  1,250 

Adamson   Bentley 20  500 

Mary  Bentley.  ..' 10  250 

David  Bell 20  500 

Oliver  Brooks 20  500 

Richard  Brooks 10  250 

David  Bell 12  300 

Benjamin  Bentley,  Jr 2  50 

John  Leavitt 25  650 

Lydia  Dunlap 8  200 

John   Doud 20  .    500 

Charles   Dutton 75  1,875 

Anne  Jane  Dutton 25  625 

Edward  Draa 4  100 

Daniel   Heatou 20  500 

Francis  Freeman 25  625 

Otis  Guild 20  500 

Lois  Guild 5  125 

Jerusha  Guild 10  250 

Peter  Hitchcock 10  250 

John  B.  Harmon 20  500 

Ira  Hudson 20  500 

Benjamin  J.  Jones 10  250 

^   .        Thomas  G.  Jones 10  250 

Jared  Kirtland 20  500 

Abram    Kline 30  750 

Samuel    King 40  1,000 

.    Charles   King 20  500 


HISTORY  OF  TIIUMBULL  COUXTY  3-19 

Samuel   Leavitt 40  1,000 

Henry  Lane :20  500 

Wheeler  Lewis 20  500 

Lambert  W.  Lewis 120  500 

Comfort  S.  Mygatt 100  2,500 

Calvin    Pease 20  500 

Laura  G.  Pease 10  250 

George  Parsons 20  500 

Francis  M.  Parsons 5  125 

Ephraim  Quinby 100  2,500 

James  Quigley 20  500 

Samuel    Quinby 20  500 

Plumb   Sutliff.' 20  500 

Samuel   Tyler 50  1.250 

Trial    Tanner 8  200 

Mary   Tanner 2  50 

Johii  E.  AVoodbridge 20  500 

Elisba  Whittlesey 10  250 

Fannie  Witherby 5  125 

Josiah   Wetmore 4  100 

Henry  Wick 60  1,500 

David  Webb 4  100 

James  Hezlep 20  500 

E.  T.  Boughton 12  .300 

Eobert  Montgomery 50  1,250 

Nancy    Quinby ' 20  500 

It  will  be  seen  that  ten  of  these  stockholders  were  women. 

The  first  board  of  directors  consisted  of  the  following  per- 
sons: Simon  Perkins,  Turhand  Kirtland,  Francis  Freeman, 
John  Ford,  William  Rayen,  Calvin  Austin,  Comfort  S.  Mygatt, 
Calvin  Pease,  Henry  AVick,  Leonard  Case,  David  Clendenin, 
William  Bell  Jr.,  and  IJichard  Hayes.  Zalmon  Fitch  was  the 
first  cashier,  Kali)h  Hickox  tlie  second,  and  George  Tayler  the 
third. 

The  only  sign  the  Western  Reserve  Bank  had  was  one 
twenty-two  inches  long  and  seven  inches  wide ;  one  side  read, 
"Bank  Shut,"  the  other  side,  "Bank  Open."  The  sign  was 
hung  on  hinges  so  when  the  bank  was  open  it  hung  down,  and 
when  it  was  closed  it  shut  u]).  "Zalmon  Fitch  was  the  cashier. 
Just  at  the  tick  of  the  clock  liis  cleanly  shaven  face  and  l)rown 


350  HISTOHY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

wig  eaine  to  the  door  and  turned  the  sign  up  or  dowu,  as  it  was 
nine  or  three.  The  men  wlio  managed  this  institution  were  not 
only  men  of  eayiital  hut  men  of  hrains  also." 

L'liiiiii  Xdtioiiiil  Baiili. 

AVhen  the  Western  Eeserve  Bank  went  out  of  husiness  the 
new  bank,  under  the  name  of  the  First  National,  was  formed, 
composed  largely  of  the  same  stockholders  and  the  same  offi- 
cers. The  capital  stock  was  $125,000,  with  a  ])rivilege  of  rais- 
ing to  $300,000.  The  following  were  elected  directors  of  the 
organization :  Saumel  Quinbv,  Frederick  Kinsman,  Louis  J. 
Iddings,  B.  P.  .lameson,  M.  B.'Tayler,  H.  B.  Perkins,  and  J.  H. 
McCombs.  H.  B.  Perkins  was  elected  president,  and  George 
Tayler  cashier.  George  Tayler,  who  had  been  connected  with 
the  Westenr  Reserve  Bank,  died  in  1864,  and  his  brother,  M.  B.. 
was  elected  to  fill  his  place  and  served  faithfully  in  that  capa- 
city for  many  years.  ITe  died  in  1880.  John  H.  McCombs 
succeeded  him.  AViiliam  R.  Stiles  succeeded  Mr.  McCombs,  and 
John  H.  Nelson  was  the  last  cashier  of  that  bank. 

The  Warren  Savings  Bank,  organized  with  William  "Wal- 
lace, ])resident;  H.  S.  Pew,  vice  i)resident;  Oscar  Caldwell,  cash- 
ier, (>('cui)ied  the  room  where  McClure's  drug  store  now  is  for 
a  number  of  years  and  did  a  good  business.  Without  cause, 
two  or  three  times,  runs  were  started  on  this  bank,  but  so  firm 
Avas  the  foundation  that  no  hai'm  was  done  it. 

A  bank  known  as  the  Commercial  National  Bank  was  organ- 
ized a  little  later  than  the  AVarren  Savings  Bank.  When  the 
spirit  of  combination  entered  into  l)usiness  concerns,  l)anks  in 
the  Valley  began  to  combine  and  the  Commercial  was  absorbed 
by  the  First  National.  A  little  later  the  Warren  Savings  Bank 
combined  with  the  First  National,  and  as  the  three  were  in 
one,  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Union  National  Bank.  This 
bank  occupied  the  building  erected  by  the  First  National  on  the 
spot  of  the  historic  Western  Reserve,  and  the  stockholders, 
many  of  them,  are  the  descendants  of  the  original  stockholders 
of  the  Western  Resei-A'e.  The  president  of  the  bank  is  T.  H. 
Gillmer ;  the  cashier,  William  Wallace,  and  the  board  of  directors 
is  as  follows:  T.  H.  Gillmer,  H.  S.  Pew,  Georg-e  H.  Tayler, 
R.  A.  Cobb,  John  W.  Masters,  Alexander  McKee,  W.  A.  Smith. 
W.  T.  Griswold,  J.  L.  Herzog,  W.  G.  Lamb,  D.  R.  Gilbert,  0.  A. 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBFLL  (OrXTY  351 

Caldwell.  S.  B.   Craig,  Ileni-y  Q.  Stiles.  C.  C.  Clawson.  V.  K. 
Smitli,  William  Wallace. 

Second   XdfioiKiI  Bank. 

The  Second  Xatioual  Bank  was  orgauized  in  1880  tlirungli 
the  instrnmentality  of  Kivt  M.  Fitoh.  D.  J.  Adams  was  the 
president;  Aaron  Wentz,  viee-i)resident ;  Kirt  "S\.  Fitch,  cashier. 
The  directors  were  K.  ^1.  Fitch,  (,".  A.  Ifarriugton.  K.  W.  Kat- 
lift",  Aaron  Wentz.  J.  ( ).  Hart.  S.  F.  Bartlettr  E.  Finney,  Mr. 
Brown,  Mr.  Lynn,  D.  J.  Adams  and  A.  A.  Drake.  A.  B.  Camp 
was  teller.  The  stock  was  issued  at  $100  a  share  and  the  amount 
was  $100,000.  This  l)ank  was  opened  in  the  Iddings  Block.  It 
was  a  very  protitahle  business  undertaking  for  some  time,  when 
it  met  with  loss  through  its  cashier,  and  was  afterwards  reor- 
ganized. Gen.  B.  W.  Ratlitf  became  the  cashier  and  8.  C. 
Iddings  the  teller.  C.  A.  Harrington  was  later  cashier  and  is 
now  its  president,  and  Samuel  C.  Iddings  is  the  cashier.  This 
bank  has  continued  to  do  an  excellent  Inisiness  and  has  stood  by 
itself,  not  entering  into  any  of  the  combinations  or  consolida- 
tions with  the  other  hanks.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  board 
of  directors:  C.  A.  Harrington,  W.  Hyde,  E.  E.  Nash.  Homer 
E.  Stewart,  George  S.  Pond,  John  J.  McCleau,  Fred  W.  Adams, 
E.  A.  Moherman,  W.  J.  :\lasters,  R.  B.  Wick,  S.  C.  Iddings. 

WcsliTii  Ifcscrrc  Xdtiuinil  I'xnth. 

The  Trumbull  National  Bank  of  Warren  was  organized  in 
June.  1865,  with  an  authorized  cajntal  stock  of  .$150,000.  The 
charter  was  granted  on  July  5,  18fi5.  Its  tirst  lioard  of  directors 
were  Charles  Smith,  Henry  W.  Smith,  Harmon  Austin,  Giles 
0.  Griswold,  R.  S.  Park,  Warren  Packard  and  Jesse  Haymaker. 
The  board  organized  by  electing  Charles  Smith  president,  and 
John  S.  Edwards,  cashier.  Kirtland  M.  Fitch  was  later  elected 
cashier  to  succeed  Mr.  Edwards  and  in  January,  1880,  Edward 
C.  Smith  was  elected  cashier  to  take  the  place  of  Mr.  Fitch. 

S.  C.  Iddings  was  elected  teller  in  April,  1880.  Charles 
Smith  died  on  June  19,  1882,  and  in  July  of  the  same  year  ]Mr. 
Harmon  Austin  was  elected  president  of  the  bank.  Daniel  A. 
Geiger  entered  into  the  employ  of  the  bank  as  its  bookkeeper 
on  A]iril  3,  1883.  S.  C.  Iddings  liaving  resigned,  Mr.  Thomas 
Kinsman  was  appointed  teller  in  July,  1883.    0.  L.  Wolcott  was 


•352  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

elected  cashier  of  the  bank  in  May,  1884,  to  succeed  Edward  C. 
Smith.  Edward  F.  Briscoe  was  appointed  teller  in  July,  1884, 
in  place  of  Thomas  Kinsman.  Giles  0.  Griswold  was  elected 
president  of  the  bank  in  January,  1885. 

At  a  special  meeting-  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Trum- 
bull National  Bank,  held  on  April  4,  1885,  there  being  present 
Giles  0.  Griswold,  George  M.  Tuttle,  John  M.  Stull,  Henry  Tod, 
Jules  Vautrot,  Sr.,  Albert  Wheeler,  O.  L.  Wolcott.  Upon  motion 
of  Mr.  Stull,  it  was  resolved  to  organize  a  new  bank  with  a 
capital  stock  of  $100,000  to  take  the  place  of  the  Trumbull 
National  Bank  at  the  expiration  of  its  charter  on  July  5,  1885, 
and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  secure  subscriptions  to  capital 
stock. 

The  Western  Reserve  National  Bank  was  organized  on 
May  26,  1885,  and  its  first  board  of  directors  elected  on  that  date 
were  Giles  0.  Griswold,  Albert  W'heeler,  Heniy  J.  Lane,  George 
M.  Tuttle,  Kennedy  Andrews,  H.  J.  Barnes,  H.  S.  Pew,  Addi- 
son Rodgers  and  (_).  L.  Wolcott.  The  board  organized  on  May 
30,  1885,  electing  Albert  Wheeler  president;  0.  L.  Wolcott, 
cashier;  Edward  F.  Briscoe,  teller,  and  Daniel  A.  Geiger,  book- 
keeper.    The  bank  commenced  business  on  July  6,  1885. 

Mr.  Briscoe  resigned  in  April,  1892,  to  accept  the  cashier- 
ship  of  the  First  National  Bank,  Cortland,  Ohio,  and  Daniel  A. 
Geiger  was  promoted  to  teller.  0.  L.  Wolcott  died  on  December 
9,  1893,  and  Daniel  A.  Geiger  was  elected  cashier  of  the  bank 
in  February,  1894.  Albert  Wheeler  died  on  May  1,  1905,  and  in 
July  of  the  same  year  S.  W.  Park  was  elected  president,  and 
Charles  Fillius,  vice  president. 

The  capital  stock  of  the  bank  was  increased  from  $100,000 
to  $200,000  on  February  19,  1907,  and  on  February  22,  1907,  it 
took  over  by  consolidation  all  the  assets  and  business  of  the 
New  National  Bank  and  the  Savings  Bank  Company,  of  this 
city.  In  1905  the  bank  building  was  enlarged  and  remodeled 
at  the  cost  of  $16,900. 

The  present  board  of  directors  are:  S.  W.  Park,  Alfred  R. 
Hughes,  Charles  H.  Angstadt.  C.  A.  Crane.  A.  G.  Ward,  W. 
D.  Packard,  T.  G.  Dunham,  Charles  Fillius,  W.  A.  Williams, 
D.  L.  Helman,  George  H.  Jones,  C.  L.  Wood,  C.  B.  Loveless, 
G.  W.  Kneeland,  Jules  Vautrot,  Jr. 

The  present  officers  are :     S.  W.  Park,  president ;  Charles 


HISTORY  OF  TPlUMBULL  COFXTY  353 

Fillius,  vice  i^vesident;  Daniel  A.  Geiger,  cashier;  J.  H.  Nelson, 
assistant  cashier;  E.  F.  Briscoe,  assistant  cashier. 

Tlir  Tnniiliiill  tSaring.'<  d'  Luaii  J.vs<jci(itiuiL 

The  Trumball  ISuviugs  &  Loan  Company  was  formed  Feb- 
ruary 28,  1889,  with  an  authorized  capital  of  $100,000.  Incorpo- 
rators :  Jacob  H.  Ewalt,  S.  A.  Corhin,  John  W.  Masters,  J.  E. 
Porter,  Eobert  T.  Izant.  The  first  president  was  William  Wal- 
lace, who  served  from  March  16,  1889,  when  the  company  was 
ready  for  business,  imtil  January'  10,  1893,  when,  at  his  request, 
he  was  succeeded  by  John  W.  Masters,  who  has  served  in  that 
capacit}^  ever  since.  Robert  T.  Izant  was  elected  secretary  at 
the  beginning  and  still  serves.  The  capital  stock  has  been 
increased  to  $500,000,  and  the  assets  reach  $700,000.  The  object 
of  this  association,  aside  from  those  of  an  ordinary  bank,  is  to 
aid  in  building  and  buying  houses  and  homes  in  Warren  and 
vicinity.  The  company  has  a  savings  department  and  lends 
money  exclusively  on  first-mortgages  on  real  estate.  It  does 
no  commercial  business.  It  has  never  had  to  foreclose  a  mort- 
gage, and  never  had  but  one  loss,  that  of  $300.  It  owns  its  own 
building,  which  stands  on  the  northeast  corner  of  High  street 
and  Park  avenue.  This  was  built  in  1889.  Over  a  thousand 
homes  have  been  built  and  bought  in  AVarren  and  vicinity 
through  this  company.  Five  per  cent  interest  is  paid  on  loans. 
The  officers  at  the  present  time  are:  President,  John  W.  Mas- 
ters; vice  president,  William  H.  Kirkjiatrick;  secretary  and 
attorney,  Robert  T.  Izant;  directors,  William  Wallace,  Jacob 
II.  Ewalt,  D.  AV.  Campbell,  Jay  Buchwalter,  Albert  Brown,  Will- 
iam B.  Kilpatrick.  Edwin  ().  Izant,  E.  L.  King,  Frank  R. 
Adams. 

Wi^'^t  Faniiington — The  Farmers     h'liiikliu:/  Coiiipaiiii. 

The  Farmers  Banking  Company,  of  West  Farmington,  was 
organized  in  October,  1897.  They  own  their  own  building,  and 
have  a  paid-up  capital  stock  of  $25,000.  A.  H.  Clark  has  been 
president  since  the  organization,  L.  B.  Kennedy  was  secretary 
and  treasurer  from  1897  to  1900,  I.  E.  Kennedv,  from  1900  to 
1903;  A.  H.  Barbe,  from  1903  to  1905;  J.  A.  Ensign,  from 
1905  to  1909.     The  present  directors  are  A.  H.  Clarke,  C.  E. 


354  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

Stevens,  G.  E.  Minnich,  George  W.  Willcox,  A.  Coulter,  W.  E. 
Bates,  Charles  Thoipe,  M.  W.  Griffith,  George  Fram. 

Niles — TJie  Dollar  Savings  Bank. 

The  Dollar  Savings  Bank  Company,  of  Niles,  was  incorpo- 
rated November  14,  IdOi.  organized  January  2,  1905,  and  opened 
for  business  on  January  11,  1905,  with  a  paid-up  capital  of 
$100,000.  The  first  officers  of  this  bank  were :  President,  W. 
Aubrey  Thomas;  first  vice  president,  Wade  A.  Taylor;  second 
vice  president,  John  W.  Eaton;  secretary  and  treasurer,  F.  W. 
Stillwagon;  assistant  secretary,  W.  Manning  Kerr;  assistant 
treasurer,  William  H.  Stevens. 

These  first  officers  are  all  serving  in  their  respective  capa- 
cities, with  the  exception  of  W.  Aubrey  Thomas,  who,  owing  to 
his  congressional  duties  at  Washington,  resigned  in  January, 
1906,  and  was  succeeded  by  George  B.  Bobbins,  who  has  since 
that  date  acted  as  the  president  of  the  bank.  In  July,  1905, 
the  Dollar  Savings  Bank  Company  purchased  the  building, 
fixtures  and  outfit  formerly  occupied  by  the  City  National  Bank, 
and  located  on  the  place  of  birth  of  AVilliam  McKinley. 

The  present  board  of  directors  consists  of  prominent  and 
influential  men  of  Niles  and  surrounding  territoiy,  and  are  as 
follows :  George  B.  Bobbins,  Wade  A.  Taylor,  John  W.  Eaton, 
Charles  S.  Thomas,  Harry  M.  Stevens,  William  Cunnick,  S.  H. 
Stillwagon,  John  L.  McDermott,  F.  J.  EoUer,  W.  A.  Hutchins, 
G.  P.  Gillmer,  John  Warner,  L.  H.  Young-  and  John  G.  Leitch. 

Cortland — Tlie  First  National  Bank. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Cortland  was  organized  in  1892 
and  commenced  business  in  September  of  that  year.  The  capital 
stock  was  $50,000.  William  H.  Wartman  was  the  first  presi- 
dent. After  he  died  N.  A.  Cowdery  was  elected  in  his  place  and 
is  still  serving.  J.  H.  Faimce  has  always  been  the  vice  presi- 
dent. E.  F.  Briscoe,  of  Warren,  was  the  first  cashier;  Charles 
E.  Dodge  succeeded  him.  Both  of  these  men  accepted  positions 
in  Warren,  one  as  cashier  of  the  New  National  Bank,  the  other 
as  cashier  of  the  Savings  Bank.  Both  of  these  were  consoli- 
dated with  the  Western  Eeseiwe  Bank  of  Warren,  and  Mr.  Bris- 
coe is  receiving  teller  in  that  bank  now.  J.  E.  Kennedy,  form- 
erly of  Girard,  is  the  present  cashier  at  Cortland.  The  bank 
building  is  the  property  of  the  bank. 


HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  355 

North  Bloomfield — TJie  North  BlooiiifieJd  Banking   Company. 

The  Noi-th  Bloomfield  Banking  Company  was  incorporated 
in  1903.  The  first  officers  were:  President,  George  E.  Haines; 
vice  president,  0.  A.  PIi;ntley;  secretary  and  treasurer,  H.  W. 
House.  The  present  officers  are:  President,  John  S.  McAdoo; 
vice  president,  D.  W.  Eussell ;  secretaiy  and  treasurer,  O.  A. 
Huntley.  The  capital  stock  is  $25,000,  and  the  paid-in  capital 
stock  is  .$12,500.  The  hoard  of  directors  consists  of  John  S. 
McAdoo,  D.  W.  Eussell  S.  T.  Cauffield,  S.  S.  Welshman,  J.  H. 
Cook.  H.  J.  Wilcox.  E.  J.  Knight,  Jason  Case,  0.  A.  Huntley. 


CHAPTER  XXin— NEWSPAPERS. 

FiBfciT  Newspaper  ox  Western  Reserve,  "Trump  of  Fame." — ■ 
Changed    to     "AVestekx     Resee\t;     Chronicle." — Peculiar 
Clippings  from  "Trump  of  Fame" — "Trumbull  County 
Whig" — "Trumbull     County     Democrat" — "Warren 
Daily  Chronicle" — "The  News  Letter" — "The  Con- 
stitution"— "The    Warken     Record" — "Western 
Reserve   Democrat"  —  "W.vrren   Tribune"  — 
"The    Liberty    Herald"  —  "The    Cortland 
Gazette  ' ' — ' '  Cortland    Herald  ' ' — ' '  Niles 
Independent  ' ' — ' '  Niles   News.  ' ' 

The  lirst  newsi^aper  published  on  the  Western  Reserve, 
the  Trump  of  Fame,  was  issued  on  Tuesday,  June  16,  1812. 
Its  offices  were  at  the  corner  of  Market  street  and  Libertv' 
street  (Park  avenue).  This  building  was  burned  in  the  fire  of 
1867.  Thomas  D.  Webb,  often  referred  to  in  other  parts  of  this 
history,  was  the  editor,  and  David  Fleming-  the  printer.  The 
latter  owned  the  type. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Iddiugs,  the  granddaughter  of  Mr.  Webb, 
says  it  was  the  intention  to  call  this  publication  "A  Voice  from 
the  Wilderness."  When  they  got  ready  to  set  the  head,  they 
found  the  letters  V  and  AV  lacking  among  the  type  of  proper 
size.  Therefore  they  had  to  abandon  the  name,  and  substituted 
the  Trmnp  of  Fame.  Mr.  W^illiam  Ritezel,  in  an  article  which 
he  wrote  for  the  Chronicle,  on  "The  Pioneer  Paper  of  the  West- 
ern Reserve,"  said  "Li  those  days  it  was  common  to  have  a 
cut  of  some  kind  at  the  head  of  the  editorial  column,  and  the 
printer  l)eing  at  a  loss  for  a  proper  emblem  to  grace  that  de- 
partment, appealed  to  Judge  Pease  to  suggest  something 
suitable.  His  Honor  promptly  resi>onded  that  he  thought  an 
'Owl  would  be  the  right  thing  in  the  right  place,  with  the 
legend  immediately  under  it,  "The  voice  of  one  crying  in  the 
wilderness."  '  " 

It  is  not  clear  therefore  whether  Judge  Pease  suggested 

356 


illS'l'oKV  OF  'I'lM'Mr.l'LL  I'OIX'J'V  357 

the  name  of  "Tlie  ^"oice  from  the  Wilderness,"  or  just  the 
emblem.  Probably  it  was  tlie  latter,  and  the  liriii  ineiiibers 
themselves  chose  the  former. 

The  name  the  Tiinnii  of  Fanic  was  neither  snggestive  nor 
a])j)ro]u-iate,  and  it  was  changed  by  'Sir.  Fitch  Bissell,  who 
owned  the  ])ublication  in  1816.  Benjamin  Stevens,  whose  in- 
terest in  all  things  in  early  Trumbull  rouuty  was  great,  sug- 
gested to  Mv.  Hissell  tiuit  it  would  suit  the  people  of  this 
conununity  better  if  his  paper  bore  a  less  high-sovmding  name. 
He  then  suggested  the  ll'esteni  Bcsern'  CJiroiiicle  or  Gazettf. 
We  are  told  that  Mr.  Bissell  did  not  approve  of  this  suggestion 
but  in  a  few  weeks  accei)ted  it  and  on  the  4tli  of  (Jctober. 
1816,  Volume  1,  Number  1,  of  the  TFcs/*;'/-;/  Be.^rrrc  CJnoiiuie 
was  issued. 

From  the  first  number  of  the  'rniiiij)  <if  Fanir  we  ipiote  the 
following : 

"'Truiiij)  <if  Faiiif.  printed  in  Warren,  County  of  Trum- 
bull, Ohio,  by  David  Fleming,  for  Thomas  D.  AVel:>l).  The 
Tniiitj)  nf  Faille  is  printed  every  Tuesday,  and  forwarded 
as  early  as  possible  to  subscribers. 

"Price  to  subscribers  whose  papers  are  conveyed 
thi-ough  the  postottice,  two  dollars  per  annum,  to  be  paid  in 
advance,  or  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents,  payable  at  the  expi- 
ration of  the  year.  Terms  to  companies  who  take  the  paper 
at  the  office  and  jiay  for  them  in  money  on  their  deliveiy 
or  half-yearly  in  advance,  one  dollar  and  three-quarters. 

"Post  riders  supplied  on  reasonable  terms — and  it  is  an 
indispensable  condition  that  payment  be  made  at  the  expira- 
tion of  every  quarter.  Advertisements  inserted  three  weeks, 
one  dollar  for  every  s(|uare,  and  twenty-five  cents  for  each 
additional  insertion. 

"Afany  kinds  of  i)roductions  of  the  county  will  be  taken 
in  payment  if  delivered  ^t  the  office,  or  at  such  ])laces  as 
nuiy  be  designed  by  the  editor. 

"All   letters   to   the   editor  coming   through   the  post- 
office  must  be  postpaid  or  tliey  will  not  be  attended  to." 
The  first  editorial  reads  : 

"It  may.  perhaps,  he  expected  that  the  editor  will 
make  some  declaration  of  his  political  creed;  he  would  be 
very  sorry  to  disappoint  the  public  expectation,  but  he  has 


358  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

ever  viewed  those  protestations  of  friendship  or  enmity 
made  with  an  intention  of  courting  the  favor  of  any  class 
of  peojjle,  of  doubtful  avithority.  He  will  assure  the  ijublic 
that  he  is  no  monarchist  nor  aristocrat. 

"His  paper  shall  be  open  to  the  decent  communica- 
tion of  any  political  faith,  with  liberty  to  himself  of  com- 
menting upon  anything  that  shall  be  offered  for  publica- 
tion. As  he  is  the  nominal  editor,  he  has  determined  to  be 
the  real  editor.  Men  frequently  involve  themselves  in  pri- 
vate feuds,  and  to  vent  their  spleen  and  malignity  against 
each  other  make  a  newspaper  the  vehicle  of  their  slander- 
ous tales.  News  of  this  kind  can  never  be  interesting  to 
the  community  and  they  may  be  assured  that  no  considera- 
tion, either  of  favor  or  of  pecuniaiy  kind,  shall  ever  induce 
the  editor  to  permit  its  insertion." 

July  Stli,  under  the  head,  "Hymeneal."  are  the  marriages 
and  they  note  those  of  England  and  Connecticut  in  particular. 
One  reads : 

"In  Lincolnshire  (England),  Corporal  Dupre  to  Miss 
N.  Trollope,  with  a  fortune  of  12,000  pounds.  Miss  Trol- 
lope  fell  in  love  with  him  when  he  was  on  parade  with  the 
soldiers.  The  next  morning  she  commimicated  her  senti- 
ments to  liim,  which  he  joyfully  accepted,  and  on  the  fol- 
lowing day  he  led  her  to  the  altar  of  Hymen." 

The  number  of  July  Stli  has  the  declaration  of  war  drawn 
by  Congress,  and  signed  by  Henry  Clay,  speaker  of  the  house 
of  representatives;  William  H.  Ci'awford,  jDresident  of  senate, 
pro  tem;  approved  by  James  Madison,  dated  June  18,  1812. 
The  message  of  Madison  is  also  given  and  signed  by  James 
Monroe,  as  secretaiy  of  state,  also. 

July  8,  1812,  Adamson  Bentley  occupies  a  full  half-column 
of  the  Tniiiip  of  Fame,  telling  of  one  John  North,  who  in 
iMarch  came  through  this  country  posing  as  a  Baptist  minister. 
He  also  posed  as  a  single  man.  Bentley  took  great  pains  to  find 
out  about  him  and  declares  him  a  fraud. 

In  a  marriage  notice  of  July  15  we  find  the  following 
verse : 

"Hail,   wedlock  I      Hail,   inviolable   tye! 
Perpetual   fountain   of   domestic  joy. 
Lnve.     friendship,    honor,    truth,    and    pure    delight, 
Ilarnioniou*;,    niinfjle    in   the  nuptial  rite.'' 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  350 

lu  tlie  same  iinmlier  is  aiuiouueed  a  camp  meeting,  under 
the  patronage  of  tlie  ^Methodist  Episcopal  clinreli,  to  commence 
the  2Sth  of  August,  in  Smitlifield,  on  Mr.  Marry 's  land,  Trumbull 
County,  Ohio,  Jacob  Young,  Thomas  J.  Crockwill,  managers. 

Aug-ust  19,  1812,  Trump  of  Fame:  "General  Perkins  has 
ordered  a  muster  of  the  commissioned  and  stait"  officers  of  the 
Third  Brigade,  Fourth  Division,  Ohio  Militia,  to  be  held  at  the 
house  of  Asael  Adams,  in  Liberty,  on  the  2nd  and  3rd  day  of 
September.  Also,  that  the  field  officers  appear  with  their  side 
arms  and  the  captains  and  subalterns  and  staff  officers,  with 
muskets,  and  that  they  ])erform  camp  duty  that  night." 

The  following  advertisements  are  of  interest : 

Nathan  L.  Eeeves,  Taylor,  and  Ladies  Habit  ^^faker,  calls 
his  place  of  business  The  Ked  House. 

John  ^klann,  jun.,  "Informs  his  friends  and  the  publick  gen- 
erally that  he  continues  to  carry  on  the  hatting  business, 
in  all  its  various  branches  at  the  'sign  of  the  hat,'  at  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  publick  square  in  this  town." 

Ephraim  Quiuby  and  AVm.  A\'.  Morsman  advertise  a  new 
carding  machine,  whicli  is  "highly  recommended." 

Adamson  Bentley,  the  Baptist  minister,  had  to  piece  out  his 
salary  by  engaging  in  business.     June  16th  he  and  Jere- 
miah Brooks  give  notice  of  dissolution  of  partnership. 
Many  of  the  advertisements  were  for  stray  animals ;  many 
for  giving  notice  of  debt. 

"LOST.  Between  Leavittsburg  and  Warren,  a  large  pitch- 
ing fork,  marked  on  the  ferrule,  I.  L.  A  favor  will  be  con- 
ferred by  leaving  it  at  the  sign  of  the  Cross  Keys  in 
AVarren." 

"Davis  Fuller,  Saddler.  Informs  his  friends  and  the  publick 
in  general  that  he  still  continues  the  saddling  Inisiness  in 
the  town  of  Hartford,  Number  5,  in  the  first  range,  etc." 
Hats,  furr  and  wool  hats  are  made  by  Frederick  Kirtland 
at  Parkman. 


360  IIISTOKV   OF  TKr.MlULL  COIXTY 

$120  Keward  will  be  given  by  tlie  subscril)er  to  any  person 
who  will  give  such  information  respecting  the  person  who 
cut  the  bridle  of  the  suliscriber  in  the  evening  following  the 
30th  day  of  last  month,  as  that  he  may  be  convicted,  in 
a  court  of  law. 

Thomas  D.  Webb  advertises  for  a  lost  book,  "Crown — 
Circuit  Companion,"  with  the  name  of  Samuel  Huntington 
written  therein. 

"Whereas,  my  wife,  Phebe,  has  frequently  wandered  from 
the  path  of  duty  which  that  infallible  criterion,  the  Word 
of  God,  i^lainly  points  out,  and  has  conducted  herself  in  that 
unbecoming  manner  which  is  a  disgrace  to  her  sex,  and 
still  persists  in  the  constant  and  willful  neglect  of  her  duty 
as  a  wife,  I  therefore  forbid  all  persons  harboring  or  trust- 
ing her  on  m^^  account  and  I  will  pay  no  debts  of  her  con- 
tracting after  this  date.  Azel  Tracey." 
"Hartford,  September  18,  1827." 

Under  the  date  of  ()ctol)er  11,  1827,  Phebe  replies  ))y  say- 
ing she  often  has  asked  for  a  trial  among  impartial  men 
and  "I  am  still  in  full  communion  with  the  Presbyterian 
church  and  enjoy  the  confidence  of  its  members.  The  opin- 
ion of  my  neighbors,  also,  I  am  happy  to  present  as  testi- 
mony of  my  general  character."  Neighbors  say,  "We  have 
been  well  acquainted  with  Mrs.  Tracy  from  her  youth  to  the 
present  tune  and  we  believe  her'  to  be  shamefully  abused, 
and  thus  publicly  slandered  without  any  just  cause." 

In  the  Sejjtember  27,  1827,  number  of  Clnojiicle  a  reward 
of  six  and  one-fourth  cents  is  offered  for  the  return  of  a 
runaway  apprentice.    The  notice  is  by  Eichard  Iddings. 

Under  headline,  "Beware  of  a  Villain":  "Says  the  things 
stolen  were  a  Castor  hat  manufactured  iu  Salem,  N.  Y.,  by 
Jno.  Adams;  two  handkerchiefs  and  a  pair  of  stockings. 
The  name  of  the  thief  is  Wm.  Briggs,  who  lodged  with  the 
subscriber  and  before  daylight  he  decamped.  Said  Briggs 
is  about  seventeen,  with  long  and  remarkably  slim  legs. 
walks  lame,  has  a  down  look  when  spoken  to,  is  very  impu- 


UlSTOHV   OF  TlM'Mr.ri.L  CorXTV  'Mil 

dent  and  talkative  when  eneonrasied.  $5  is  offtMed  Uiv  liini. 
A.  B.  F.  Orrasby,  Cleveland." 

In  182S  we  find  that  Hapgood  ».<:  (^)uinby,  luojirietors  of  the 
Triiinp  of  Fame,  advertise  that  a  boy  ran  away  from  them 
named  Grin  Cook.  Althongh  this  boy  was  IS  years  old, 
he  was  bound  out  to  them.  "All  persons  are  cautioned 
against  harboring  or  employing  said  runaway.  25c  reward 
will  be  given  to  anyone  who  will  bring  him  back,  but  no 
exjienses  jiaid."     They  then  ask  r'xchanges  to  copy. 

As  said  abo\-e,  the  first  iiuml)er  api)eared  in  June,  1S12. 
Eighteen  months  from  that  time  James  White  l)ecame  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm.  In  1814  Mr.  Webb  retired,  Samuel  (,^)uinln- 
taking  his  place.  The  firm  was  then  known  as  James  \Miite 
&  Co.  This  company  sold  to  Fitch  Bissell  as  above  stated.  In 
1817  Sanuiel  Quinby  again  owned  the  paper,  having  for  assist- 
ant Elihu  Spencer.  Mr.  Spencei-  died  in  two  years,  and  George 
Hapgood  took  his  place  on  March  1-f,  1819,  and  kept  it  for 
twenty-two  years.  During  this  long  service  of  Mr.  Hapgood, 
as  editor,  there  were  several  changes  in  the  ownership  of  the 
paper.  After  Mr.  Quinby  came  Otis  S])rague,  1819;  E.  E. 
Thompson,  1821;  William"  Quiiibv,  1822;  John  Crowell.  1828; 
Calvin  Pease,  1830;  A.  W.  Parker,  1832. 

In  1848  the  Whigs  established  a  paper  known  as  the  Triini- 
bidl  Counfii  Whig.  Later  its  name  was  changed  to  the  Western 
Reserve  Transcript.  The  Transcript  of  June  16tli  quotes  this 
from  the  Mahoning  Free  Democrat:  We  have  been  in  a  good 
many  printing  offices  in  our  time  and  have  seen  females  emiiloyed 
in  setting  type  in  more  than  one,  but  we  must  say  that  we  never 
knew  a  proprietor  to  employ  girls  to  do  the  work  who  was 
not  either  too  poor  or  to  mean  to  pay  journe^mien  a  fair  pi'ice 
for  their  labor."  The  editor  says:  "From  what  we  can  learn 
respecting  the  young  man  who  presides  over  the  columns  of  the 
Free  Democrat,  we  have  set  him  down  as  a  conceited  ass,  who 
will  have  his  bray  at  all  hazards."  He  then  explains  they  do 
not  intend  to  employ  female  workers  over  .iourneymen  and  that 
the  female  employees  he  has  have  got  as  much  brains  as  other 
people.  "We  hold  that  females  ought  to  be  permitted  to  engage 
in  any  business  for  which  they  are  physically  and  mentally 
capacitated." 


3G-'  HISTORY   OF  TIU.MBULL  COUNTY 

Mr.  Hapgood  retired  from  the  editorship  of  the  Clironkie 
ill  ISJrl.  In  1853  E.  D.  Howard  purchased  the  paper,  and  the 
next  year  the  Chronicle  and  the  Weste)ii  Reserve  Transcript 
became  the  Western  Reserve  Chronicle  and  Transcript.  James 
Diimars  continued  to  be  the  editor,  and  the  paper  was  published 
in  the  Empire  block  -which  had  lieen  the  home  of  the  Chronicle. 
In  1855  Mr.  George  X.  Hapgood  (the  sons  of  George  Hapgood 
Sr.)  and  C.  A.  Adams  bought  out  the  printing  establishment 
including  the  jiaper,  and  restored  to  it  its  old  name  the  West- 
ern- Reserve  Chronicle. 

Floris  B.  Phinptou,  long  connected  with  the  Commercial 
Gazette  of  Cincinnati,  received  his  first  editorial  experience  in 
Warren.  He  worked  on  one  of  the  early  papers,  and  after- 
wards was  connected  with  the  Chronicle.  From  the  latter 
paper  we  quote  the  following:  "Floris  B.  PljTnpton  married 
to  Cordelia  A.  Buslmell  of  Eavenna.  'It  will  be  seen  from 
the  above  that  our  whilom  friend  has  at  leng-th  adjured  bach- 
elordom,  and  has  exchanged  the  friendship  of  life  for  its  love.'  " 

Mr.  William  Eitezel  was  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the 
Trumbull  County  Democrat.  After  that  paper  became  Repub- 
lican, it  was  consolidated  with  the  Chronicle.  Mr.  Eitezel 
becoming  the  junior  member  of  the  firm.  This  was  in  1861. 
Soon  Mr.  Adams  retired,  and  Mr.  Hapgood  died.  Mr.  Eitezel 
was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Weekly  Western  Reserve 
Chronicle  until  1877,  when  a  company  was  formed,  B.  J.  Taylor 
and  Frank  M.  Eitezel  being  associated  with  him.  In  1897  the 
Chronicle  moved  into  new  offices  built  for  them  by  Lamb  & 
Strong,  adjoining  the  old  Eitezel  homestead.  Mr.  Eitezel  died 
in  1902,  having  been  editor  of  the  Chronicle  for  forty-one  years, 

Mr.  Taylor  retired  in  1905,  and  the  William  Eitezel  Print- 
ing- Company  was  formed.  The  Chronicle  is  now  owned  by 
Frank  M.  Eitezel  and  F.  M.  ^'auGorder. 

The  Warren  Daily  Chronicle  was  started  in  1883.  It  was 
the  first  daily  in  the  city. 

The  early  numbers  of  the  Chronicle  contain  little  or  no 
local  news.  People  were  supposed  to  have  curiosity  and  in- 
clination enough  to  learn  the  doings  of  their  neighbors  and 
fellow  citizens  themselves.  Elihu  Spencer  was  the  first  editor 
to  devote  space  to  local  events. 

Although  the  Chronicle  has  had  among  its  owners  and 
editors  men  of  fine  business  abilitv  and  iutegritv,  the  two  best 


HISTORY  OF  TRrMBULL  COUXTY  363 

known  were  Mr.  George  Hai^good  and  ^Ir.  William  Kitezel. 
They  each  had  a  long  time  of  service,  the  latter  nearly  twice 
as  long  as  the  former,  and  they  lived  at  such  diii'ereut  times 
that  there  is  no  possibility  of  comparing  their  ability  or  the 
results  whicli  they  obtained.  In  ]\Ir.  Hapgood's  day  it  cost 
little  to  run  a  newspaper  or  printing  office,  and  an  energetic, 
clever  young"  fellow  could  buy  and  pay  for  a  partnershij)  in  a 
concern.  In  Mr.  Eitezel's  day  it  took  a  great  deal  of  ability  to 
properly  and  successfully  manage  a  paper.  In  ^Ir.  Hapgood's 
day  there  were  fewer  books,  fewer  magazines,  mail  facilities 
were  small,  and  a  successful  editor  must  be  a  student.  In  'Sir. 
Eitezel's  day  the  competition  was  great,  politics  were  com- 
plicated and  it  took  calm  judgment  and  a  just  mind  to  lead  the 
dominant  party  of  that  time.  Mr.  Hapgood  was  loved  and  re- 
spected by  his  subscril)ers  who  were  personally  attached  to  him. 
[Mr.  Eitezel,  a  vigorous,  conservative  writer,  moulded  o]iinions 
of  his  readers,  and  had  the  respect  of  all  of  them. 

Mr.  Frank  Eitezel,  the  present  editor  of  the  Clirai/irlr.  has 
carried  out  the  policies  of  his  father,  and  under  his  manage- 
ment the  paper  has  grown.  His  work  is  referred  t(i  in  another 
l)art  of  this  liistory. 

On  July  1,  190!),  tlie  Wrstcni  Beserre  Chronhle  (weekly) 
and  the  Warren  Dally  Clwoiiidr  will  find  a  new  iHune  in  tiie 
]\Iasonic  Temple  block. 

Tlir  Xeirs  Letter. 

Thomas  J.  McLain,  Sr..  and  his  brother,  J.  G.,  established 
the  Neirs  Letter,  in  1830,  which  was  the  Democratic  organ  for 
a  goodly  portion  of  the  Western  Eeserve.  It  was  the  strongest 
Democratic  paper  of  its  time  and  received  a  good  financial 
support  from  Democrats.  In  1839  this  property  was  sold  to 
Christopher  Columbus  Seely  and  William  Baldwin,  and  the 
name  was  changed  to  the  TrionhiiU  Democrat.  In  those  days 
it  was  necessary  that  editors  and  proprietors  sliould  know  the 
printer's  trade.  Neither  Mr.  Seely  nor  Mr.  Baldwin  were 
printers.  Mr.  Baldwin  died,  and  the  men  who  were  standing 
at  the  head  of  the  Trumbull  County  Democracy,  Dr.  Daniel  B. 
Woods  and  Sharon  Cotton,  bought  the  paper,  not  expecting  it 
to  be  a  financial  success,  but  that  the  party  might  have  an 
organ.     John  M.  Edwards,  who  was  for  so  manv  vears  identi- 


361  HISTORY  OF  TUrMP-rLL  COl'XTY 

fied  with  aud  interested  in  jmblie  ati'airs  of  Trmuhull  and 
Mahoning  counties,  was  the  editor.  He  was  of  the  family  of 
the  great  Jonatlian  Edwards,  of  Massachusetts,  and  a  connec- 
tion of  John  Stark  Edwards,  Trumbull  County's  first  recorder. 
He  was  an  able  editor,  but  for  some  reason  the  business  part 
of  this  paper  was  not  well  managed  and  there  were  frequent 
changes.  At  one  time  a  Mr.  Harrington  owned  it,  and  later 
Mr.  J.  B.  Biittles  aud  E.  B.  Eshalman  were  joint  proi)rietors. 
Mr.  Eshalman  remained  in  the  firm  but  a  little  time,  and  in 
1854  the  paper  became  the  property  of  Eitezel  &  Mills.  Will- 
iam Ritezel  was  a  practical  printer  and  in  the  days  immediately 
l)receding  the  war  he  developed  editorial  powers.  As  stated 
above,  when  the  ([uestion  of  secession  or  union,  slavery  or  free- 
dom, was  the  question,  Mr.  Eitezel  declared  himself  in  favor 
of  union,  and  in  1S61  his  paper  was  consolidated  with  the 
Chronieh',  which  had  already  absorbed  the  Transcript,  and  this 
new  pa]>er  retained  the  old  name  the  ChrnuieJc 

The  Cnnstifntion. 

.letl'erson  I'alm  was  one  of  the  early  Democrats  who  sym- 
pathized largely  witli  the  South.  During  the  high  feeling  in 
the  early  days  of  the  war,  he  suffered  much  for  what  he 
believed  to  l)e  right.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  he  moved  to 
Kentucky,  but  there  he  found  that  the  southerners  had  little 
use  for  northerners,  no  matter  what  their  beliefs  were,  and  he 
returned  to  Warren.  He  was  one  of  the  very  first  Democratic 
newspaper  men.  lie  was  a  compositor  in  the  office  of  the 
News  Letter,  and  afterwards,  in  1840,  started  a  periodical, 
Memiri/,  for  John  G.  McLain.  The  type  and  fixtures  belonging 
to  this  i}aper  were  moved  to  Youngstown  and  used  for  printing 
the  Olire  Branch.  The  Mercury  was  discontinued.  When  the 
Chronicle  and  the  Democrat  united,  it  left  the  Democratic  party 
without  an  organ.  It  was  hard  for  this  party  to  sustain  a  paper 
because  there  was  such  a  variance  of  belief  among  the  mem- 
bers. Many  were  Democratic  in  name  only ;  some  were  in  favor 
of  modified  means  of  putting  down  the  rebellion;  while  a  few 
were  outright  southern  sympathizers.  In  1862  the  Democratic 
party  founded  the  Constitution.  Jefferson  Palm  was  the  edi- 
tor. More  than  a  thousand  names  were  entered  on  its  subscrip- 
tion list.  In  1S(>7  Judge  Mathew  Birchard  and  E.  H.  Ensign, 
both  Democr;itic  lawyers,  bought  the  jjaper  and  later  it  became 


JllS'lOin    (IF  TIUMHri.L  ('OIATY  :!65 

the  property  (if  \\'illiam  Birohard,  the  sun  of  the  former.  In 
the  early  70s  Lucius  Fuller,  the  sou  of  Ira  Fuller,  one  of  the 
strongest  Democrats  of  the  county,  was  city  editor.  This  jjaper 
was  discontinued  early  in  the  '8()s,  when  Mr.  "William  Birch- 
ard,  because  of  contiuucd  ill  health,  retired  and  moved  to 
Washington. 

'J'ilf    W'dlirli    h'liiinl. 

In  1S7G  the  ]]'tiir(it  Uvcord  came  into  existence.  .Jefl'erson 
Palm,  who,  as  we  have  seen,  assisted  in  the  founding  of  the 
first.  Democratic  paper,  the  News  Letter,  the  second  Democratic 
paper,  the  Coiistitiitiun,  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  War- 
ren Reeord.  Selden  B.  Palm,  his  sou,  was  associated  with  him. 
In  1882  the  Reeord  was  sold  to  a  company,  and  published  under 
the  name  of  the  Demoenit.  Some  of  the  members  of  this  com- 
pany were  Jefferson  Lamb,  John  K.  Woods,  J.  W.  Klump,  of 
Mecca,  and  James  L.  Lamb.  Freeman  Moore  was  its  first 
editor,  and  he  was  succeeded  In-  Eoliert  Paden.  Jefferson 
Lamb  bought  this  ])i()]ierty  from  the  other  owners  and  M.  M. 
Padgett  became  the  editor.  Under  his  editorship  and  Mr. 
Lamb's  management,  this  i)roperty  became  more  valuable. 
When  Mr.  Padgett  left  Warren  to  engage  in  newspaper  work 
in  the  west.  David  Fisher  was  made  editor.  A^nil  1,  1907, 
Horace  ilolbrook  ))Ui-cliased  the  property  of  Jefferson  Lamb, 
and  is  now  editor  and  proprietor.  ^Ir.  Holbrook  is  a  vigorous 
editorial  writer  and  has  caused  the  Eepublicans  of  Trumbull 
Tounty  some  discomfort,  and  the  non-]")ai'tisan  reader  some 
aumsement.  since  he  became  the  editoi-. 

Ttie  }y(irreu  TrUnme. 

In  August.  lS7(i.  the  }Varreii  Trihniie  made  its  appearance. 
^\'.  S.  Peterson,  who  had  been  a  Congregational  minister  and 
later  the  editor  of  the  Canfiehl  News,  was  the  editor  and  the 
proprietor.  Some  years  later  his  two  sons,  A.  M.  and  0.  M.. 
were  associated  with  liim.  Mr.  Peterson  was  a  well  educated 
man,  was  an  able  writer,  and  apparently  loved  a  scrap.  It  is 
thought  that  he  came  into  Trumlnill  County  to  oppose  Garfield 
and  the  machine.  He  had  hardly  gotten  imder  way  before 
Garfield  came  up  as  a  candidate  for  United  States  senator  and 
no  longer  represented  this  district  in  Congress.    Warren  never 


366  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

had  had  controversy  among  newspapers  of  one  party  and  the 
Tribuue  made  things  lively  for  office-holders  and  other  jjersons. 
When  ]\Ir.  Peterson  sold  the  paper,  he  secured  a  position  in 
^Vashiugton  and  lived  there  for  some  time  before  his  death. 
William  H.  Smiley  bought  the  Tribune  in  March,  1884.  He 
became  the  editor  and  Frank  D.  McLain,  whose  father  so  long- 
before  had  founded  the  News  Letter,  and  whose  brother,  Hon. 
Thomas  J.,  had  been  a  writer  of  a  good  deal  of  note,  became 
the  city  editor.  He  is  now  with  the  Philadelphia  Inquirer. 
Warren  never  had  a  brighter  sheet  than  that  edited  by  Mr. 
Smiley.  He  was  a  forceful  writer,  a  man  of  great  integrity, 
and  his  paper  devoted  to  the  jarinciples  of  the  Eepublican  party 
made  a  place  for  itself  in  the  community.  Names  which  he 
gave  to  people  and  to  things  still  exist.  "Spinster"  Dell  will 
never  be  forgotten,  and  neither  will  the  "Idler."  Mr.  Smiley 
was  a  self-educated  man  and  a  very  talented  one.  He  wrote 
verse  which  was  very  creditable.  In  1891,  wishing  to  give 
personal  attention  to  some  business  of  his  in  the  south,  he 
sold  the  Tribune  to  E.  D.  Lampson,  of  Ashtabula.  Mr.  Smiley 
established  a  daily  paper  which  only  existed  a  little  time,  but 
Mr.  Lampson  established  the  Daily  Tribune,  which  has  grown 
and  expanded  ever  since.  In  1892  Mr.  Lampson  sold  out  to 
C.  H.  Newell  and  H.  F.  Harris,  and  the  latter  were  the  editors 
until  189J-,  when  it  was  purchased  by  W.  C.  Deming  and  F.  E. 
Bussell.  At  that  time  the  Tribune  Company  was  formed. 
Prior  to  this,  the  Tribune  had  been  most  of  the  time  a  success 
in  all  ways  exceiDting  that  of  finance.  J.  AV.  Eussell  was  presi- 
dent of  this  company,  W".  C.  Deming,  editor,  and  F.  E.  Eussell, 
business  manager.  Zell  P.  Hart  was  employed  by  this  com- 
pany, and  when  Mr.  Eussell  retired  a  new  company  was  formed 
in  which  she  and  George  Braden  were  included.  Mr.  Braden 
in  the  beginning  attended  to  the  advertising  and  like 
business.  Later  Thomas  H.  Deming  and  C.  B.  Eigg,  who  had 
had  charge  of  the  mechanical  part  of  the  work,  bought  stock 
in  the  company;  Mrs.  Hart  became  the  business  manager, 
William  C.  Deming  retained  the  editorship,  and  Thomas  Dem- 
ing was  city  editor.  In  1900  W.  C.  Deming  purchased  the 
Cheyenne  (Wyoming)  Tribune,  and  is  still  its  editor  and  presi- 
dent of  the  company.  Mr.  Deming  removed  to  Cheyenne  and 
Thomas  H.  Deming  took  his  place  as  editor.  The  business 
management  was  in  the  hands  of   Mrs.    Hart.      In    1907    she 


HISTURV  UF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  367 

married  A\'.  C  Deming,  and  Eugene  Sabiii  succeeded  her  as  the 
head  of  the  busmess  end  of  the  Tribune.  Tlie  present  owners 
of  the  Tribune  are  W.  C.  Deming,  Zell  Hart  Deming,  T.  H. 
Deming  and  C.  B.  Rigg.  The  present  officers  are  president, 
W.  C.  Deming;  secretary  and  treasurer,  Zeli  Hart  Deming; 
vice  president,  C.  B.  Rigg;  business  manager,  E.  P.  Sabin;  edi- 
tor, Thomas  H.  Deming. 

Soon  after  the  formation  of  tlie  present  Tribune  Company 
with  \\.  C.  Deming  and  ]\Irs.  Hart  at  the  head,  business  ]iros- 
perity  began  for  the  Tribune  and  has  continued  ever  since. 
The  paper  is  Republican  in  principle  and  has  a  wide  circula- 
tion. It  has  fearlessly  stood  for  all  things  progressive  in  the 
community,  and  has  done  much  for  Warren  and  Trumbull 
County. 

The  Liberty  Herald 

At  different  times  there  have  been  papers  published  in 
Trumbull  County,  for  a  short  time  only.  One  of  the  early  ones 
was  the  Liberty  Herald,  edited  by  Tait  &  "Walling  between 
1840  and. 1850. 

The  Cortland  Gazette. 

The  Cortland  Gazette  was  established  and  edited  by  John 
Johnson  in  the  early  '70s.  The  office  was  burned  and  tlie  files 
destroyed  in  1887  or  '88. 

Cortland  Herald. 

The  Cortland  Herald  was  established  and  edited  by  II.  D. 
Holcomb  from  1888  to  189-lr.  II.  C.  Freeman  purchased  the 
property  and  edited  the  paper  for  five  years.  In  1899  it  sus- 
pended. The  following  year,  1900,  the  plant  was  purchased  by 
Carl  C.  Hadsell,  who  reorganized  it  and  who  has  been  conduct- 
ing its  publication  ever  since. 

TJie  Niles  Indepeyident. 

In  1867  the  Niles  Begister  was  established,  the  piiblishers 
being  Edward  Butler  and  E.  E.  ]\[oore.     Rev.  William  Camp- 


oliS  illS'l'OKY  OK  'riilMIULI.  couxa'Y 

bell  was  editor,  in  18G8  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Niles 
Independent  by  J.  JI.  Fluhart.  In  1871  M.  D.  Sanderson,  a 
brother  of  Hon.  Thomas  Sanderson,  of  Youngstown,  bought  the 
plant  and  conducted  the  paper  foj-  several  years.  Later  he  had 
as  a  partner  Captain  Dyer.  In  May,  1876,  the  paper  was  pur- 
chased by  McCormick  &  Williams,  and  in  1883  the  interest  of 
Mr.  Williams  was  taken  over  by  Mr.  McCormick,  who  con- 
trolled and  edited  it  until  his  death,  twenty-two  years  ago.  Mrs. 
Ella  McCormick  assumed  the  editorship  and  business  manage- 
ment. She  is  the  only  woman  owning  a  newspaper  in  Trum- 
bull County.  In  1894  Andrew  A.  Mooney,  of  New  York,  became 
editor,  and  the  policy  of  the  paper  was  changed  from  that  of 
independent  to  l)eiii(i('ra(\v. 

Niles  News. 

The  Niles  Dailij  Neirs  issued  its  first  number  December 
1,  1890.  M.  J.  Flaherty,  agent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Lines  of 
the  city,  was  the  publisher.  At  that  time  the  News  was  a 
four-page  paper,  twelve  by  twenty  inches.  In  politics  it  was 
independent,  but  later  became  Republican.  The  following  men, 
in  the  order  given,  have  acted  as  editors :  D.  J.  W^illiams,  J.  C. 
McNally,  Ivor  J.  Davis,  AY.  C.  Brown,  J.  McGowan,  George  C. 
Braden,  and  Sam  E.  Davison.  Mr.  Davison  formerly  lived  at 
West  Union,  Ohio.  The  News  has  always  had  a  large  nmnber 
of  subscribers,  with  a  fine  circulation  in  Niles,  and  a  general 
circulation  in  the  county,  particularly  the  lower  part.  It  is 
now  an  eight-page  paper,  and  is  a  credit  to  the  community  in 
which   it   is  pulilished. 


CHAPTER  XXIV— CEMETERIES. 


EiKST   Burying-Ctkound  in  Western  Reserve. — Warren  Ceme- 
tery  AND   ITS  Distinguished  Dead. — Coffins   and 
Hearses. — Oak  wood  Cemetery^. 

The  fii-f^t  graveyard  in  Warren  was  pro)jal)ly  located  on 
tlie  land  now  owned  by  the  Iddiugs  family  on  South  street. 
There  were  few  graves  there,  with  some  headboards,  at  the 
time  John  S.  Edwards  excavated  for  his  house.  There  were 
burying  places,  probabl}'  of  Indians  (possibly  of  white  men), 
notably  where  tlie  old  ]\Iethodist  church  stood  on  the  river  bank, 
and  Avhere  Charles  Angstadt's  house  stands  on  South  street. 

The  tirst  cemetery  on  the  Western  Reserve  of  which  there 
is  now  any  record  is  situated  on  Mahoning  avenue  (Warren) 
at  the  rear  of  the  present  residence  of  J.  E.  Beebe.  As  stated 
elsewhere,  the  turnpike,  now  known  as  Mahoning  avenue,  ran 
farther  to  the  west  and  undoubtedly  the  cemetery  was  located 
on  tlie  street.  The  land  was  given  by  Henry  Lane,  Jr.,  to  be 
used  only  for  cemetery  purposes.  A  stri])  for  an  entrance, 
about  eighteen  feet  wide,  was  bought  later  of  Joseph  Crail, 
who  occupied  the  present  Beebe  home.  A  few  years  ago  the 
fence  separating  this  from  Mr.  Beebe 's  land  decayed  and  another 
one  lias  never  been  erected.  At  different  times  efforts  have 
been  made  to  have  this  cemetery  abandoned,  without  success. 

In  ]\Iay,  1846,  the  town  council  appointed  Josejih  Perkins 
and  George  Hapgood  to  superintend  the  erection  of  a  suitable 
fence  around  the  grounds  of  the  cemetery.  Aliout  sixty-five 
rods  of  fence  was  required,  of  oak  boards  and  sawed  oak  i)osts, 
of  suitable  height. 

The  body  of  Mrs.  John  Hart  Adgate  was  the  tirst  interred 
in  that  cemetery  (1804),  and  the  last  was  Mrs.  Eunice  Wood- 
row,  wife  of  William  S.  AVoodrow.  Zephaniah  Swift,  cliief  jus- 
tice of  Connecticut  and  the  author  of  Swift's  Digest,  who  died 
while   visiting   some   members    of  his    family   here,    was   first 

369 


3T0  HlSTOin'  OF  THUMBULL  COUXTY 

interred  iu  this  old  burying  ground,  later  removed  to  Oakwood 
Cemetery,  and  has  within  a  year  been  moved  to  a  second  resting 
place  there.  He  was  the  great-graudfatlier  of  Miss  Olive 
Ha  I'm  on. 

Whittlesey  Adams  says : 

Many  soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812-14  were  buried  here 
whose  graves  were  originally  marked  liy  wooden  head- 
stones, but  are  now  wholly  unmarked. 

We  mention  herewith  only  a  few  of  these  having  a  local 
historical  interest  remaining  yet  in  the  old  cemetery.  ]*Iany 
of  these  graves  are  marked  by  substantial,  well  preserved 
head-stones  and  monuments  with  inscriptions. 

General  John  Stark  Edwards  was  the  first  county 
recorder,  iu  1800,  of  Trumbull  County,  which  then  included 
the  entire  AVestem  Beserve.  He  was  elected  to  Congress 
from  this  district  in  October,  1812,  and  died  Febmai^"  22, 
18i;>.  A  monument  such  as  deep  affection  would  suggest 
was  placed  over  his  grave. 

Daniel  Dana,  died  in  1839.  A  Bevolutiouary  soldier 
and  the  grandfather  of  Charles  A.  Dana,  the  noted  editor 
of  the  New  York  Sun,  and  also  the  assistant  secretary  of 
war  under  Abraham  Lincoln  during  the  Civil  war. 

Calvin  Austin,  associate  judge  of  the  common  pleas 
court,  1802  to  1807. 

Samuel  Leavitt,  state  rei^resentative,  1813-1814. 

General  Boswell  Stone,  a  brilliant  young  lawyer  and 
state  representative  in  1826,  died  in  1833. 

William  Cotgreve,  state  representative  in  1815-1816. 

Eliliu  Spencer,  died  in  1819,  editor  of  the  Western 
Eesei-ve  Chronicle  in  1817  and  1818. 

Thomas  D.  Webb,  editor  of  the  Tntuip  of  Fcuiie  in 
1812  to  1815,  the  first  newspaper  published  in  the  Western 
Keserve.     He  was  also  state  senator  in  1828-9. 

Samuel  Chesnev,- assistant  postmaster  of  Warren  from 
1812  to  1833. 

John  Tait,  a  fearless  and  enthusiastic  disciple  of  Alex- 
ander Campbell  during  the  twenties  and  thirties. 

AVilliam  L.  Knight,  prosecuting  attorney  of  Trumbull 
County,  1835-1839. 

John  Supple,  an  educated  ex]iert  accountant  and  book- 
keeper of  Gen.  Simon  Perkins,  1830-1844. 


lllSTdl.'Y  OF    ri.'LMHI  1.1,  COLXTV  :;:i 

Heur\-  Lane,  a  state  representative  iu  181G,  IsiS,  ISl'J 
and  1826.  who  was  also  a  donor,  aboiit  1800,  of  the  laud 
on  which  the  old  cemetery  now  stands. 

Eli  Hoyt,  member  of  the  Warren  (Juards,  and  killed 
by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  gun  iu  March,  184o. 

E.  W.  Coats,  a  iiromiueut  merchant  during  the  forties. 
The  gra\e  is  surroruided  by  a  sul^stantial  iron  fence,  but 
the  head-stone  is  broken  and  down.  After  his  death  in 
b*^4()  regularly  once  a  yeai'  his  widow,  during  her  life, 
journeyed  from  her  distant  luune  iu  eastern  Xew  York  state 
to  Wai-reu  tn  tenderly  ]ihnit  Howei's  on  and  care  for  his 
grave. 

Howard,  only  son  of  Hon.  K.  P.  Ranuey.  chier  justice 
of  the  supreme  coui't  of  Ohio  for  ten  vears,  lS51-lS(ii!,  died 
in  1846. 

Sanmel  Elwell,  father  of  Gen.  .John  Elwell,  who  was  a 
state  rejn'esentative  in  1854-5,  and  author  of  a  well  known 
work  on  medical  jurisprudence. 

The  wife  and  daughters  of  Zalmon  Fitch,  who  was  the 
first  cashier  of  the  Western  Reserve  Bank,  the  first  liank 
on  the  Western  Reserve,  from  1812  to  1838. 

The  children  of  Oliver  IT.  Patch,  merchant  and  mayor 
of  the  city  in  184;i. 

The  wife  and  children  of  Cyrus  Boswoi'th,  sheriff  of 
Trumbull  ( 'ount>"  fi'om  1825  to  1S21I,  and  also  a  state  repre- 
sentative iu  1822-0. 

The  wife  of  General  T.  J.  [NFcLain,  editor  of  the  War- 
ren Weeklij  Xcirs  Lfffrr  from  b'-'3()  to  ]8.38,  who  was  also 
a  lianker  and  mayor  of  the  city. 

The  childi-en'of  A.  W.  Parker,  edit(.r  of  the  AVestern 
Reserve  Citron  Id  i   from  1832  to  1853. 

Hiram,  a  brother  of  Hon.  Lewis  M.  Iddiugs,  consul  gen- 
eral at  Cairo,  Egypt. 

Lucv,  a  daughter  of  James  Hovt,  mavor  of  the  citv  in 
1845-8. 

]^Iary  Forman,  1838,  the  mother  of  John  C.  Forman, 
a  prominent  1)usiness  man  of  Cleveland  for  the  past  forty 
years. 

~Sly.  Arthur  Woodrow,  whose  father    and  mother    rest   in 
this  picturesque   spot,  has  given  the  editor  the  names  of  the 


3T-?  HISTORY  OF  1'Rr:\IBrLL  COUXTY 

following  persons  whose  bodies  at  one  time  were  buried  in  this 
cemetery : 

H.  Riitan;  J.  Adgate;  Cornelia  Crowell,  daughter  of 
General  John  Crowell;  Dr.  Sylvanus  Seely;  William  MeFar- 
land;  Robert  McFarland;  Isaac  Ladd;  William  Woodrow;  Will- 
iam Smith  Woodrow;  Robert  Gordon;  Horace  Rawdon;  Johna- 
than  Rawdon;  Charles  Stevens;  Henry  Harsh;  Jacob  Harsh; 
Susannah  Cantield,  an  aunt  of  George  and  M.  B.  Tavler,  and 
David  Bell. 

William  Smith  Woodrow  lived  in  a  house  which  stood  on 
the  lot  Dr.  Sherwood  now  owns.  He  was  a  carpenter  and  cabinet 
maker.  He  had  a  shop  on  that  place,  and  liis  sou,  Arthur  Wood- 
row,  says:  "Many  a  night  have  I  held  the  candle  while  father 
made  and  stained  a  black  walnut  coffin.  At  that  time  a  solid 
black  walnut  coffin  could  be  bought  for  $5.50,  and  when  covered 
with  black  it  cost  from  $8.50  to  $12.50." 

Mr.  Adams  says : 

"Previous  to  about  1841  a  bier  instead  of  a  hearse  was 
used  at  the  funerals  in  Warren.  A  l)ier  was  a  framework 
on  which  the  coffin  or  casket  containing  the  corpse  was  laid 
liefore  burial,  also  on  which  it  was  carried  on  the  shoulders 
of  four  men  from  the  house  to  the  grave.  The  bier  when 
not  in  use  was  ke])t  in  the  conference  room  of  the  basement 
of  the  frame  church  building  of  the  Presbyterians  on  Mahon- 
ing avenue.  The  bier  ceased  to  be  used  about  1841,  when 
Peter  Fulk,  a  liveryman,  brought  out  a  veiy  plain,  solemn 
appearing  vehicle  on  four  wheels  and  two  side  curtains  and 
called  it  a  hearse.  Its  cost  was  not  exceeding  $75.  This 
was  used  until  about  1867,  when  John  O.  Hart  and  Nathan 
Folsom,  who  had  a  livery  stable  located  on  the  southeast 
corner  of  South  Park  avenue  and  Franklin  street,  brought 
out  a  carriage  of  better  appearance,  with  glass  sides  and  of 
more  modern  style.     This  hearse  cost  about  $600." 

In  184S  Jacob  Perkins,  Frederick  Kinsman  and  Josei)h  Per- 
kins purchased  about  sixteen  acres  of  land  east  of  Red  Run  on 
the  present  Niles  avenue,  in  order  that  the  growing  town  might 
have  a  suitable  place  for  burying  its  dead.  One  or  two  infor- 
mal meetings  of  persons  interested  were  held  and,  finally,  in 
1850  John  Harsh,  L.  J.  Iddings,  Frederick  Kinsman,  Joseph 
Perkins,   ]Mathew  Birchard,   Richard  Iddings,   D.   B.   Gilmore, 


HISTOKY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  373 

Hiram  Iddings,  B.  F.  Hoffman  and  Orlando  Morgan,  at  a  meet- 
ing- held  in  the  Iddings  &  Moi'gan  store,  Chester  Bidwell  and 
Jacob  Perkins  also  Ijeing  present,  resolved  to  incorporate  the 
Oakwood  Cemetery  Association.  The  imjjrovements  made  on 
this  cemetery,  AvitU  one  excejjtion,  have  been  from  the  sale  of 
lots.  Frederick  Kinsman  left  by  will  a  sum  of  money  to  be 
used  in  making  a  lake,  but  the  trustees  concluded  that  it  was 
not  best  to  have  a  body  of  water  on  that  ground,  and  the  money 
I'everted  to  the  Kinsman  heirs,  who  used  it  in  purchasing  a 
memorial  window  for  the  Episcopal  church.  The  year  before 
the  association  was  formally  organized,  Elizabeth  Lewis  Iddings, 
the  only  daughter  of  Richard  and  Justina  L.  Iddings,  died  and 
her  body  was  interred  on  this  land.  This  was,  therefore,  the 
first  burial  in  Oakwood  Cemetery. 

The  association  bought  from  the  assignee  of  S.  L.  Free- 
man additional  land,  and  now  the  tract  is  several  times  as 
large  as  the  original.  The  last  purchased  from  the  south  side 
of  the  Erie  track  is  a  beautiful  wood  to  which  there  had  been 
no  direct  access  ))y  road,  since  the  land  in  fi'ont  of  it  was 
purchased. 

A  few  years  since,  the  association  erected  a  chajjel  at  the 
entrance  of  the  cemetery  where  services  could  be  held,  and 
during  the  past  year  Mrs.  H.  B.  Perkins  has  erected  a  white 
marble  chapel  and  vault  which  she  has  presented  to  the  asso- 
ciation in  memory  of  her  husband,  Henry  B.  Perkins.  This 
building  is  large  enough  for  burial  services  and  is  a  handsome, 
artistic  structure. 


CHAPTER  XXV. 


Ageicultural  Fairs. — First  ]*Iills. 

The  early  settlers  were  deeply  iuterested  in  agriculture 
and  when  they  gathered  together  sociall)^  or  for  the  purpose  of 
raising  buildings,  they  compared  experiences  with  beneficial 
results. 

In  the  Cliroiiicle  of  January  7,  1819,  is  a  notice  of  a  meet- 
ing of  the  people  of  this  vicinity  at  the  house  of  James  Hillman, 
December  22,  1818,  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  an  agricul- 
tural society.  George  Tod,  William  Bayen  and  Calvin  Pease 
were  a  committee  to  prepare  and  report  articles.  Robert  Mont- 
gomery was  clerk  of  the  meeting  and  Samuel  Brysou,  chair- 
man. An  address  was  made,  which  is  printed,  explaining  in 
detail  the  objects,  one  of  which  was  to  encourage  domestic  man- 
ufacturers. "By  domestic  we  mean  products  of  family 
industry.  Idleness  is  destructive  to  every  social  as  well  as  moral 
23rinciple.  Many  families  are  idle  for  the  very  best  of  reasons 
— because  they  have  nothing  to  employ  themselves  about.  They 
are  in  the  habit  of  buying  that  which  they  want;  and  that  which 
they  do  manufacture  they  slight,  because  it  is  only  for  every- 
day use.  An  emulation  is  wanted.  If  family  fabricks  were 
made  of  better  material,  with  more  care  and  pride,  foreign 
stuffs  would  soon  be  out  of  fashion  and  of  course  out  of  use." 

]n  August,  1821,  at  the  Cattle  Show  and  Fair,  the  com- 
mittee announced  "Plowing  match  to  start  at  12:00  o'clock." 
These  early  fairs  were  not  for  the  people  of  present  Trumbull 
County  alone  but  for  the  whole  vicinity.  Mrs.  Angeline  "War- 
wood,  whose  father  was  Mr.  Lee,  of  Farmington,  remembers 
attending  a  fair  held  in  the  court  house  when  she  was  a  girl. 
She  is  now  eighty-five  and  lives  in  Warren.  This  was  probably 
for  domestic  products  only,  possibly  fruits.  Mrs.  Warwood 
says  that  members  of  her  family  entered  rag  carpets,  and  she 
remembers  how  these  carpets  and  quilts  were  Inmg  for  display 
from  the  balcony  in  the  court  house. 

374 


HISTORY  OF  TKOIRULL  (orXTY  375 

The  managers  of  the  Trumbull  Couuty  Agricultural  Fair 
iu  1846  were  Thomas  J.  McLaiii,  8r.,  Frederick  Kinsman, 
Daniel  Gilbert,  Samuel  Qniuby,  John  Hutehiu.s  and  Chester 
Bidwell. 

In  the  early  premium  lists  the  cash  prizes  were  rather 
small  and  the  committee  awarded  other  articles,  possibly  con- 
tributed by  merchants  or  manufacturers.  For  instance,  in  the 
premium  list  of  1850  the  best  coop  of  turkeys  received  iifty 
cents  and  the  Ohio  Cultivator.  In  that  day  the  premiums  on 
bed  quilts  was  just  the  same  as  it  is  now,  and  as  some  of  the 
same  bed  quilts  have  been  on  exhibition  almost  every  year  in 
the  last  tAventy  years,  there  is  a  possibility  that  some  of  those 
which  were  shown  in  1850  are  still  being  entered. 

In  1860  Z.  T.  Ewalt,  of  Howland,  received  the  lirst  pre- 
mium on  turkeys,  his  wife  received  a  dollar  for  the  first 
premium  on  bread,  and  ^Frs.  Morris  Iddings,  the  second 
premium  on  domestic  flannel. 

In  the  early  published  premiuuL  lists,  if  any  young  girl  was 
fortunate  enough  to  secure  a  premium,  that  fact  was  not  pub- 
lished in  her  own  name,  but  in  her  father's.  For  instance  if 
Mary  Smith  received  twenty-tive  cents  for  the  best  crocheted 
tidy,  when  published  we  read  "Twenty-live  cents  for  best 
crocheted  tidy — daughter  of  William  Smith."  This  was  a  little 
indetinite,  since  there  were  usually  several  daughters.  Read- 
ers, then  and  now,  would  have  been  astonished  to  have  read, 
"Fifty  cents,  coop  of  ducks,  son  of  William  Smith,"  and  John 
Smith,  whose  father  was  William,  would  have  called  attention 
to  the  fact  that  he  was  an  individual  and  had  an  individual 
name. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  Agricultural  Association,  horse 
racing  was  a  feature.  Men  drove  their  own  trotting  horses. 
During  the  war  time,  Warren  citizens  paid  as  high  as  five 
dollars  to  witness  these  farmers'  trots.  It  was  real  pleasure, 
too,  because  the  best  horse  really  beat.  Now-a-days,  people  sit 
in  the  grand  stand  and  jockeys  sell  the  races,  and  the  people 
themselves  are  "sold."  There  never  was  a  time  Avhen  the 
people  of  Trumbull  County  were  so  fooled  and  so  maniimlated, 
apjiareutly  unknowingly,  as  at  the  present  time. 


Among  the  trials  of  the  early  settlers  was  the  preparing  of 
gTain  so  that  it  could  be  used  for  food.  In  the  beginning,  a^ 
stated  elsewhere,  two  stones  were  placed  together,  the  upper 


376  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

oue  liaviug  a  spring  iDole,  or  other  kind  of  devices  for  moving 
it,  and  between  these  stones  wheat  and  corn  were  ground  by 
hand.  It  was  a  slow,  tedious  process,  and,  unless  the  greatest 
pains  were  taken,  was  not  well  done.  Among  the  most  grievous 
trials  of  the  early  settlers  was  going  to  mill  because  there  were 
no  roads  and  no  bridges.  As  soon  as  possible  mills  were 
erected  in  the  vicinity  of  settlements.  The  first  mill  in  old 
Trmnbull  County  was  at  "Willoughby  and  was  in  working  con- 
dition in  the  fall  of  1798.  The  second  was  between  Youngstown 
and  Canfield  at  the  fork  of  Indian  river.  The  author  does  not 
know  whether  this  was  the  Mill  Creek  mill  or  not.  The  third 
was  erected  in  the  fall  of  1799  in  that  part  of  Cleveland  which 
for  many  years  was  known  as  Newburg. 

The  first  mill  in  Warren  was  built  by  Henry  Lane  and 
Charles  Dally.  In  June,  1800,  they  began  the  construction  of  a 
dam  across  the  Mahoning  river  where  the  present  dam  now  is. 
It  was  not  finished  that  season  and  the  high  water  and  ice 
during  the  winter  destroyed  it.  The  next  year  they  worked 
faithfully,  friends  assisting  them,  but  the  dam  was  not  finished 
and  in  use  until  1802.  This  dam  is  still  standing,  although  it 
has  been  raised  and  repaired.  On  this  site  now  stands  the 
Warren  Water  &  Light  Company's  plant.  In  1844  Chancey 
Porter  came  to  Warren  from  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  and 
erected  a  sawmill  on  upj^er  Mahoning  avenue  about  where  the 
ford  is.  After  a  time  he  noticed  that  flax  grew  very  abundantly 
and  that  the  seed  was  little  used.  He  conceived  the  idea  of 
having  a  flax  mill.  The  grist  mill  which  Henry  Lane  had  built, 
and  of  which  Dally  was  part  owner,  had  been  bought  by  Gideon 
Finch,  then  James  VanGorder.  Mr.  Porter  purchased  this  mill 
with  the  idea  of  making  linseed  oil.  His  theory  in  regard  to  the 
manufacture  of  oil  was  right,  but  he  had  not  the  means  to  carry 
it  on.  He  was  the  first  Warren  man  to  grind  the  flax-seed  for 
market.  Giles  O.  Griswold  observed  Mr.  Porter's  experiments, 
concluded  it  was  a  good  business  and  bought  him  out.  Thus  was 
the  same  old  story  told  over  of  the  man  without  money  and 
with  inventive  genius,  and  the  man  with  money.  Mr.  Griswold 
later  built  a  down-town  mill.  Daniel  Camp  and  some  others 
owned  the  upper  mill,  and  finally  Mr.  Griswold  bought  the 
property,  repaired  it,  installed  up-to-date  machinery,  and  it 
was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1880  and  never  rebuilt.  Chancey 
Porter  and  his  family  were  long  identified  with  Warren.     He 


(Photo  loiined  li.v  Fretl  By;ird.) 


THE  UPPER    DAM    AND    WATER    WORKS. 

On  the  right  is  the  site  of  the  first  Van   Gorder  mill,  owned  by  Justus 

Smith,  and  a'so  of  the  oil  mill.     On  the  left,  further  up  the  bank, 

was  the  Dally  farm,  where  the  first  white  child  was  born. 


HISTORY  OF  TlirMBn.L  OOl'XTY  377 

lived  on  ]\Ioni'oe  street  in  a  lioiise  which  stood  where  the  resi- 
dence of  E.  C.  Andrews  now  stands.  When  his  son  Byron  was 
married  the  harn  whicli  stood  on  liis  phice  was  moved  onto  the 
property  west  of  the  house  and  made  into  a  residence.  This 
has  been  removed  while  this  history  was  being  written,  and 
Judge  Chryst  has  erected  a  house  ui^on  the  spot.  The  old 
Porter  house  was  burned,  and  the  Misses  Calendar,  sisters  of 
Mrs.  E.  E.  Hoyt,  built  the  present  residence.  Chancey  Porter 
was  leading  his  cow  down  j\lahoning  avenue,  and  as  he  passed 
over  a  sluiceway  which  was  in  front  of  the  j^resent  residence 
of  Edward  Kneeland,  the  cow  eitiier  became  unruly  or  fright- 
ened, pulled  him  into  the  ditch,  and  he  sustained  injuries 
from  which  he  died.  His  son  Alanson  had  a  large  family  of 
children,  most  of  whom  reside  in  Warren.  They  are  Charles, 
Henry,  Edward,  Joseph,  Mary;  Addie,  the  oldest  daughter  is 
recently  deceased.  William  resides  in  Cleveland,  and  James  in 
Youngstown.  The  latter  is  the  youngest  of  the  boys  by  the 
first  wife  (maiden  name  Ray)  and  is  one  of  the  most  accom- 
plished photographers  in  the  state.  He  has  taken  several 
valuable  prizes  at  National  Photographic  exhibitions. 

Although  the  upper  mill  was  the  oldest  and  the  most  his- 
toric, there  was  only  a  year  or  two  difference  between  the 
construction  of  that  dam  and  the  lower  dam,  which  ran  from 
the  corner  of  Main  and  JNIarket  streets  across  the  river.  This 
dam  was  constructed  by  George  Loveless,  who  came  to  Warren 
in  1800.  He  was  the  great  uncle  of  Frank,  Charles  and  W^illiam 
Loveless  of  this  city.  He  owned  ninety-seven  acres  of  land 
on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  Part  of  this  he  sold  to  Mr. 
Daniels  and  part  to  Ephraim  Quinby.  It  is  family  tradition 
that  he  owned  part  of  Quinby  Hill.  He  was  proprietor  of 
Warren's  iirst  store,  which  stood  on  the  east  side  of  Main 
street,  probably  below  Franklin.  It  was  a  log  building.  He 
had  fine  business  ability  and  was  industrious,  as  are  his 
descendants. 

There  were  several  mills  of  one  kind  and  another  at  the 
west  side  of  this  dam.  James  Scott,  who  seemed  to  have  been 
a  very  industrious  citizen,  had  a  contract  for  these  buildings, 
and  they  finally  passed  into  the  possession  of  James  L.  Van- 
Gorder,  who  not  only  kept  hotel,  had  landed  interests,  took 
contracts  for  certain  buildings,  but  always  was  identified  with 
the  mill  properties  in  this  city.     His  sons  Albert  and  George 


3:8  HISTORY  OF  Tin'MBULL  COUXTY 

were  associated  with  him  in  the  lower  mill  aud  continued  in 
that  business  all  of  their  business  life. 

James  L.  VanGorder  owned  both  upper  and  lower  mills. 
The  carding-,  spinning,  weaving  and  fulling  mill  of  Benjamin 
and  Charles  Stevens  stood  just  below  the  lower  VanGrorder 
mill.  North  of  the  VanGorder  mill  was  a  factory  used  by  the 
Stevenses  for  furnisliing  satinets,  and  farther  north,  a  lumber 
mill,  by  James  Scott. 

In  Benjamin  and  Augustus  Stevens'  advertisement  on  June 
17,  1819,  we  lind:  "Cloth  will  be  received  and  dressed  on  the 
sliortest  notice,  aud  in  the  neatest  manner,  and  at  all  seasons 
of  the  year,  provided  enougli  is  received  for  a  mill  full." 

AVhen  the  canal  was  built  in  Warren,  the  dam  was  moved 
south  to  where  it  still  stands.  Before  this  dam  was  raised, 
when  tlie  water  was  low,  people  standing  on  the  Market  street 
bridge  could  see  the  remains  of  the  Loveless  dam. 

As  stated  above,  Giles  0.  Griswold  was  the  tirst  man  to 
operate  extensively  an  oil  mill  in  the  present  Trumbull  County. 
The  goodly  fortune  which  he  left  was  largely  acquired  in  the 
oil  business.  His  tirst  mill  was  on  Upper  Malioning  avenue; 
the  second  on  Dawson  street.  Some  years  before  his  death  he 
erected  a  tine  plant  in  the  northeast  portion  of  the  city.  This 
is  now  occupied  by  the  C.  A.  Crane  Company.  Mr.  Griswold 
was  an  ardent  Baptist,  a  bank  official,  and  during  middle  life 
his  home  was  one  of  the  most  hospitable  of  the  city.  Mrs. 
Griswold  was  a  gracious  hostess  and  greatly  esteemed  by  AVar- 
ren  people.     Their  home  is  now  owned  by  A.  G.  Judd,  a  I'elative. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 


"Wareex  Debating  Society. — Members  and  Descexdaxts. — Pub- 
lic Library. — Circulatixg  Library. — Warrex'  Library 
AssociATiox. — The  Carxegie  Library. — Trumbull 
Coux'TY'  Artists. 

*Tlie  yuuiiu,'  men  ^vho  lived  uinety  years  ago  iu  barren 
were  progressive  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  good  citizenship, 
and  they  organized  a  deliating  society  on  the  evening  of  October 
20.  J817.  Certain  rules  and  regulations  were  established  by 
which  they  were  governed.  Constitution  and  by-laws  were  duly 
adopted,  meetings  were  held  each  week.  Questions  for  discus- 
sion were  jiresented  by  different  members.  From  these  several 
questions  the  jiresident  selected  the  one  to  be  discussed  at  the 
next  following  meeting.  The  merits  of  the  question  each  even- 
ing were  decided  by  the  president  and  the  merits  of  the 
argument  were  decided  liy  three  judges. 

The  i)resident  selected  tive  members  each  evening  who  were 
to  take  the  affirmative  and  tive  members  to  take  the  negative 
sides  of  the  debate. 

AVe  give  a  few  extracts  from  the  records  of  the  society: 

"The  following  persons  having  met  on  the  evening  of  the 
20th  of  October,  1817,  for  the  purpose  of  forming  themselves 
into  a  debating  society,  did  ordain  and  establish  certain  rules 
and  regulations  by  which  they  resolved  to  be  governed:  Cyrns 
Bosworth.  n.  F.  Leavitt,  Wheeler  Lewis,  Edwai'd  Potter,  John 
Love,  George  Mygatt.  Henry  Stiles,  S.  E.  Bishop,  Isaac  Ladd. 

"Wheeler  Lewis  was  duly  elected  president  and  H.  F. 
Leavitt  secretary  pro  tern.  The  following  question  was  chosen 
by  the  president  to  lie  discussed  on  the  evening  of  the  23rd 
inst.,  at  which  time  the  society  resolved  to  meet:  'Is  Nature 
Generally  ^lore  Pleasing  to  the  Eye  than  Art?'     Messrs.  John 


"This  sketch  of  the    Deliating    Society    was    prepared    by 
^Miittlesev  Adams. 


380  HISTOIJY  OF  lUU-MBULL  COUXTY 

Harsh,  R.  Fleming,  Martin  Bentley,  Thomas  G.  Stewart,  Benja- 
min Stevens,  Edward  Fling  and  John  B.  Hannon  were  admitted 
members  of  the  society.  William  Bishop  was  elected  to  pre- 
side at  the  next  evening  of  meeting  as  president,  after  which  the 
society  adjourned. ' ' 

October  30,  1817,  the  question  was  discussed  and  decided 
in  the  affirmative,  after  which  the  following  gentlemen  were 
admitted  members :  Samuel  Quinby,  Thomas  Wells,  Heman  E. 
Harmon,  John  Gordon,  William  Quinby  and  Horace  Stewart. 
A  motion  was  made  by  the  society  that  the  present  constitution 
compiled  and  recommended  by  H.  F.  Leavitt  be  revised  and 
Messrs.  Bishop,  Bosworth,  Leavitt,  Bentley  and  Harmon  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  revise  the  same.  The  following  ques- 
tion was  selected  for  the  subject  of  the  next  debate:  "Is  War 
a  Greater  Evil  than  Luxury?"  William  Bishop  was  re-elected 
president  for  the  next  evening. 

March  2,  1820,  society  convened;  Samuel  Leavitt,  presi- 
dent; Edward  Flint,  secretary;  Roswell  Mason,  treasurer.  The 
question  debated  this  evening  was:  "Was  the  Last  War  an 
Advantage  to  the  American  Nation?" 

Arguments  for  the  affirmative  were  by  Roswell  Stone,  John 
Brown,  Eward  Flint.  Arguments  for  the  negative  were  by 
George  Swift  and  Benjamin  Stevens. 

The  merits  of  the  question  were  decided  by  the  president 
in  favor  of  the  affinnative,  and  the  merits  of  the  arguments 
in  favor  of  the  negative. 

The  officers  for  the  ensuing  term  were  elected  this  evening, 
viz.:  President,  Roswell  Mason;  secretary,  Edward  Flint;  stand- 
ing committee,  George  Swift,  Roswell  Stone  and  George  Mygatt. 

The  ciuestion  selected  for  the  next  evening  was:  "Would 
a  Foreign  War  Be  Beneficial  to  the  United  States?"  The 
affirmative  to  be  argued  by  H.  Stevens,  George  Mygatt,  George 
Swift  and  Benjamin  Stevens.  The  negative  to  be  argued  by 
Roswell  Stone,  Adamson  Bentley  and  Isaac  Ladd. 

The  judge,  for  the  next  evening  was  E.  Leavitt,  signed 
Edward  Flint,  secretary. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  the  members :  Lorran 
Andrews,  Samuel  E.  Bishoii,  Cyrus  Bosworth,  James  Clark, 
Seabury  Ford,  Edward  Flint,  John  Gordon.  Levi  Hadley,  Heraan 
R.  Hannon,  John  B.  Harmon,  Walter  King,  George  Swift, 
Francis  Freeman,  Roswell  Stone,  Roswell  Mason,  John  Brown, 


HISTUKY   OF  TKl-MIULL  COUNTY  381 

Edward  Potter,  A.  L.  Norton,  Isaac  Ladd,  H.  F.  Leavitt,  Samuel 
Leavitt,  John  Love,  George  Mygatt,  Calvin  Pease,  Edward 
Potter,  Samuel  Quinby,  William  Quinby,  Benjamin  Stevens, 
Horace  Stevens,  Thomas  G.  Stewart,  Wheeler  Lewis,  James 
D.  Buruham,  John  Harsh,  R.  Fleming-,  Martin  Bentley,  Jacob  H. 
Baldwin,  Adamson  Bentley,  Thomas  Wells,  George  Hapgood, 
Augustus  Stevens,  Henry  Stiles,  Josiah  Soule. 

Seabury  Ford  was  nominated  for  governor  by  the  ^Vliig 
State  convention  on  February  10,  1848,  on  the  fifth  ballot.  Ezra 
B.  Taylor,  from  Portage  county,  and  Jacob  Perkins,  from  Trum- 
bull County,  were  delegates  in  the  convention.  Seabury  Ford 
was  elected  governor  on  the  Whig  ticket  in  October,  1848,  and 
a  month  later  the  state  went  Democratic  at  the  presidential 
election.  Seabury  Ford  was  very  popular  among  his  Whig 
brethren.  He  was  the  last  governor  of  Ohio  ever  elected  by  the 
"V^^lig  party.  Ezra  B.  Taylor  and  Jacob  Perkins  were  the 
youngest  members  of  the  Vfliig  State  convention  of  1848. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  some  of  the  descendants  and 
relatives  of  members  of  the  pioneer  debating  club,  to-wit:  Wal- 
lace W.  Ford,  Mrs.  Mary  P.  Lawton,  Mrs.  Ester  C.  Nichols. 
Olive  E.  Harmon,  Ella  Harmon,  Erwin  Ladd,  Mrs.  Henry  C. 
Dietz,  Mrs.  Albert  Jameson,  ]\Irs.  Edward  Briscoe,  Mrs.  Charles 
Ewalt,  Virginia  Reid,  Lucy  Hoyt,  Anna  S.  Hoyt,  Lucy  E.  Hoyt. 
Abbie  Hoyt.  Charles  S.  Adams,  Norman  W.  Adams,  Thomas 
Kinsman,  Charles  P.  Kinsman,  Vance  Potter,  George  Quinby, 
Harriet  Stevens,  Mrs.  H.  P.  McCurdy,  Maiy  Stevens,  Heni-v 
Q.  Stiles,  George  H.  Jones,  Mrs.  Rollin  A.  "Cobb,  Harriet  P. 
Jones,  Fred  T.  Stone,  Laura  Harsh,  Mrs.  Howard  B.  Weir, 
Mathew  B.  Tayler,  George  H.  Tayler,  Mrs.  John  J.  Sullivan, 
Mrs.  Emerson  J.  Boyd,  Donald  JMcCurdy,  Charles  D.  Hapgood, 
Coraelia  G.  Smith,  Mrs.  Sarah  Hapgood  Van  Gorder,  Mrs.  Lucy 
Baldwin  ^lurdock,  Charles  Smith  Adams,  George  W.  Hapgood, 
Dr.  Fred  K.  Smith.  And  besides  the  above  named  there  are 
many  more  descendants  and  relatives  of  the  Warren  pioneer 
debaters  now  living  in  this  city. 

The  following  copy  of  a  conti-act  for  rent  shows  a  little 
touch  of  the  simple  life  of  ninety  years  ago  in  Warren: 

"Agreed  with  Simon  Taylor  for  the  room  for  the  use  of  the 
debating  society,  he  to  find  candles  and  wood  and  make  and 
exting-uish  the  fire,  for  which  the  society  are  to  pay  50c  for  each 
and  everv  evening  thev  mav  occu]3v  said  room  from  December 
Ki,  1819. '' 


3S3  HISTOKY  OF  Tin;:\iBrLL  corxTY 

From  the  records  of  the  society  it  appears  tliat  the  society 
was  in  an  active  and  vigoroiis  condition  for  six  j-ears.  It  may 
have  been  in  existence  ninch  longer. 

Publiv  L'tbranj. 

In  1814  or  ISl.j  the  lirst  ]il)rary  in  old  Trumbnll  County 
was  estalilished  in  Warren.  It  contained  abont  1,000  volumes, 
mostly  of  biography  and  history.  It  was  located  in  the  cabinet 
shop  of  Mr.  White,  wliicli  stood  north  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
There  Avas  little,  aside  from  church  and  social  gatherings,  to 
entertain  people,  and  so  this  library  was  a  popular  institution. 
Mr.  "WTiite  served  as  librarian  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and 
there  are  many  men  and  women  living  in  "Warren  today  who 
read  those  books  which  were  under  his  care. 

In  the  early  '40s  W.  N.  Porter  and  Mr.  Ide  had  a  cir- 
culating library.  December  20,  1842,  we  find  in  the  Western 
Eeserve  Chronicle  the  following:  ""Wheat,  corn,  hay,  oats, 
wood,  butter,  tallow,  and  most  kinds  of  produce  will  be  received 
for  subscriptions  to  Porter  &  Ide's  circulating  library.  Mr. 
Porter  was  a  cultured  gentleman,  who  had  a  large  and  well 
regulated  book  store  in  the  room  now  occupied  by  the  Masters 
Brotliers  Grocery  Company.  His  daughter,  Charlotte,  married 
Dr.  David  Jameson  and  resided  all  her  life  in  the  homestead  on 
AVashington  avenue,  near  Mahoning.  She  died  in  June  of  this 
year.  His  son,  William  F.  Porter,  was  associated  with  him  for 
many  years,  but  because  of  failing  health  moved  to  Colorado, 
where  he  stayed  for  some  years  before  his  death.  He  -n-as 
artistic  in  temperament  and  painted  some  very  creditable  pic- 
tures. He  married  Nancy  Williams,  who  still  lives  in  their 
homestead  at  the  corner  of  Elm  and  High  streets.  She  is  an 
ingenious  woman,  and  at  one  time  patented  a  cover  for  slate 
frames  which  woidd  have  netted  her  a  handsome  return  had  it 
not  been  at  that  time  teachers  decided  to  use  tablets  instead 
of  slates.  William  N.  and  Nancy  Porter  had  two  sons,  Eugene 
and  William.  The  latter  died  in  early  youth,  and  the  former  by 
bequest  of  his  aunt,  Charlotte,  Porter  Jamison  has  received  half 
interest  in  the  old  Porter  homestead. 

In  1848  Jacob  Perkins,  Dr.  Julian  Harmon,  Judge  George 
M.  Tuttle  and  Orlando  jMorgan,  with  some  others,  originated  the 
"Warren  Library  Association."  The  books  of  the  fir.st  library 
were  transferred  to  this  company  and  the  trustees  and  patrons 


(Plioti.   luaneil   by   Frecl  Bynrd.) 


THE    PUBLIC    LIBRARY. 


HISTOKY  OF  TlMMi'.ri.l,  COlM'Y  383 

desiriug-  to  extend  the  work  of  the  library,  ojjeiied  a  reading 
room  in  connection  with  it.  (ieorge  VanGorder  was  tiie  li- 
brarian for  three  years,  and  the  library  was  in  liis  lather's 
block,  which  was  afterwards  destroyed  by  lire.  Smiic  jicrsons 
who  had  contributed  books  and  money  to  the  iirst  association 
did  not  exactly  apjirove  of  this  library  on  the  larger  scale. 
However,  it  flourished  for  a  time.  It  was  sustained  by  ])rivate 
subscription,  and  entertainments,  especially  lectures,  were 
given  for  its  benefit.  Among  those  who  gave  the  lectures  were 
Jacob  Perkins,  Judge  .Milton  Sutliif,  (Ieorge  M.  Tuttle,  Dr.  D. 
B.  AVoods,  and  Dr.  Julian  Harmon.  Later  the  Library  Asso- 
ciation decided  that  it  could  not  keep  open  botli  reading  room 
and  liln-ary,  and  decided  to  close  the  reading  room  and  stop 
periodicals;  to  remove  the  library  to  the  office  of  M.  D.  Leggett; 
to  keep  it  open  for  the  drawing  and  clianging  of  liooks  on  Tues- 
days, Thursdays  and  Saturdays  of  every  week;  that  the  stock- 
holders be  taxed  the  sum  of  fifty  cents  and  those  not  stock- 
holders one  dollar  per  year  for  the  use  of  the  library.  In  1854 
the  library  susi)ended  and  the  books  were  sold  at  public  auction 
and  to  private  individuals.  There  were  about  two  thousand 
volumes  and  many  of  them  are  now  to  be  found  in  the  libraries 
of  the  older  residents.  The  ])eo])le  who  had  objected  to  the 
formation  of  this  second  library  had  occasion  to  say  "I  told 
you  so,"  and  those  who  had  given  books  to  the  first  liln-ary  had 
reason  to  feel  rebellious  when  they  were  sold  to  the  iiighest 
bidder. 

In  1877  some  books  were  gathered  together  and  the  nucleus 
of  a  new  library  was  established.  From  the  beginning  Dr.  Ju- 
lian Harmon  had  lieen  interested  in  the  library  question,  and 
this  third  library  was  entrusted  to  his  care  in  his  office  on  Har- 
mon street.  Professor  E.  F.  Moulton  was  president.  Dr.  Har- 
mon was  secretary,  and  the  library  was  maintained  by  dollar 
memberships.  For  eleven  years  this  organization  was  in  exist- 
ence, then  President  Monltou  called  a  meeting  at  Dr.  Harmon's 
office,  on  the  10th  of  duly,  1888,  to  consider  seriously  the  ques- 
tion of  a  library  for  Warren.  The  meeting  was  adjourned  a 
week  and  twelve  or  fifteen  persons  perfected  the  jilans  at  the 
office  of  P.  L.  Webb.  George  T.  Townsend  was  chairman  of 
that  meeting  and  P.  L.  Webb  secretary.  Afarshall  Woodford 
was  elected  iiresident.  P.  L.  Webb  secretary  and  treasurer;  ex- 
ecutive committee.  Dr.  T.  M.  Sabin,  Judge  D.  K.  Gilbert,  and 


384  HISTORY  OF  TET'MBFLL  COUNTY 

j\Irs.  S.  AV.  Parks.  So  far  as  we  know  this  was  the  first  time 
a  woman  had  acted  in  official  capacity  in  connection  with  the 
library  association.  More  women  than  men  were  pres- 
ent at  this  meeting,  among  them,  the  Misses  Mary  Id- 
dings,  Maria  Heaton,  Ella  Estaln-ook,  Fanny  Hall,  Helen 
Bierce,  Mrs.  S.  W.  Park,  Mrs.  Woodford,  and  Mrs.  W.  T. 
Brown.  The  name  of  the  Warren  Library  Association 
was  retained.  The  two  cases  of  books  which  had  been 
in  Dr.  Harmon's  office,  were  transferred  to  Mr.  Webb's  office 
and  he  served  as  librarian  for  two  years.  On  the  22nd  day  of 
September,  1888,  the  library  opened  with  two  hundred  and 
ninety-four  volumes.  Ten  years  later  they  had  4,000  volumes. 
This  library  was  opened  two  afternoons  and  evenings  in  the 
week.  No  one  in  connection  with  this  association  received  any 
salary,  but  there  were  expenses  to  be  met,  particularly  that  of 
the  purchase  of  new  books.  The  association  therefore  arranged 
for  a  course  of  lectures,  and  the  committee  having  this  in 
charge  secured  a  list  of  responsible  persons  who  agreed  to 
make  good,  individually,  any  deficit  and  to  give  to  the  Library 
Association  any  profits.  The  first  course  was  given  in  1888  and 
'89  and  tlie  lecture  course  was  continued  five  years.  Eight  hun- 
dred dollars  was  realized  in  this  way,  and  that  sum  really  made 
it  possible  to  continue  the  work.  In  1890  the  association  was 
incorporated,  bv  Henrv  B.  Perkins,  Marshall  Woodford,  B.  J. 
Taylor,  P.  L.  Webb.  S."  W.  Parks,  W.  C.  Stiles,  and  W.  S.  Ker- 
nohan.  Marshall  Woodford  was  i;)resident,  B.  J.  Taylor,  vice- 
])resident,  0.  L.  Wolcott,  treasurer,  T.  D.  Oviatt,  secretary  and 
librarian.  From  this  time  on  the  success  of  the  lilirary  was  ap- 
parent. Mr.  Woodford  gave  a  great  deal  of  thought  and  time 
to  the  management  of  affairs,  and  when  he  was  suddenly  taken 
away,  Mrs.  Woodford  took  his  place,  acting  as  librarian. 

The  law  of  the  state  of  Ohio  allowed  a  tax  to  be  levied  for 
library  ]mrposes,  and  supervision  to  he  had  either  by  the  city 
council  or  the  board  of  education.  The  association  chose  to 
l)ut  itself  in  the  hands  of  the  board  of  education  rather  than 
the  council.  This  body  therefore  made  the  levy  and  for  the  first 
time  in  its  existence,  the  board  of  education  divided  on  the  lines 
of  men  and  women,  the  women  A'oting  for  the  higher  levy  and 
tlie  men  for  tlie  lower. 

On  April  1,  1898,  the  Warren  Free  Lil)rary  liecame  a  real- 
itv.    The  first  books  were  drawn  that  dav,  and  the  liln-arv  was 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  385 

opened  to  all  citizeus  aud  residents  of  school  district.  During 
the  smumer  the  evening  honrs  were  lengthened,  the  room  being- 
open  from  6 :30  to  8 :00.  The  officers  of  this  tirst  Free  Library 
were:  President,  B.  J.  Taylor;  vice-president,  "W.  C  Stiles; 
treasurer,  P.  L.  Webb;  librarian  and  secretary,  Mrs.  Wood- 
ford. In  1896  one  hundred  and  ninety-eight  people  drew  books ; 
in  1898,  one  thousand  and  twenty-five.  In  1899,  the  high  school 
library,  of  two  hundred  boolcs,  was  transferred  to  the  Free 
Library.  In  1899  the  library  had  become  such  an  attractive 
place  that  people  who  went  there  for  books,  stayed  and  visited 
until  the  trustees  voted  that  no  talking  above  a  whisper  should 
be  allowed.  So  well  was  this  law  enforced,  as  long  as  the 
library  was  in  the  building,  that  to  this  day  when  towns-people 
open  the  door  of  the  National  American  "Women  Suffrage  As- 
sociation, they  begin  conversation  in  a  whisper. 

In  1898  an  endowment  gift  of  $3,500  was  made  the  library 
and  the  interest  from  this  has  served  a  goodly  purpose. 

In  1878  Judge  Milton  Sutliff  left  by  will  $10,000  to  pro- 
vide the  youth  of  Warren  with  a  place  for  entertainment  and 
enjoyment.  Tlie  phrase  relating  to  this  was  obscure  aud  for 
that  reason,  nothing  was  done  with  it  until,  liy  mutual  agree- 
ment, George  M.  Tuttle,  the  trustee,  with  the  consent  of  all  per- 
sons interested  under  the  will,  agreed  that  this  amount  might 
be  turned  over  to  the  Library  Association.  The  old  building 
which  had  been  used  as  an  academy  aud  which  had  been  occu- 
pied by  Mr.  Sutliff  as  an  office,  was  turned  over  to  the  library, 
and  the  rents  accruing  therefrom  were  used  for  its  mainte- 
nance. This  had  to  be  done  through  the  city  authorities  and  all 
were  pleased  when  it  was  thus  settled. 

When  the  court  house  was  building,  provision  was  made  on 
the  first  floor,  west  wing,  for  the  library,  and  here  the  associa- 
tion established  itself  in  1897.  Mrs.  Woodford  was  librarian  at 
the  munificent  salary  of  $300  and  her  assistants  gave  their 
time  gratuitously.  It  thus  being  determined  that  the  Library 
Association  was  a  fixture  in  the  community,  donations  were 
made  to  it  of  money  and  of  books  and  those  donations  have 
been  continued.  Mrs.  Woodford  resigned  to  accept  a  position 
in  Oberlin  where  she  would  be  with  her  mother  and  her  sister, 
and  Miss  Elizabeth  Smith,  of  Cleveland,  succeeded  her.  Miss 
Smith  served  two  or  three  years,  and  upon  her  return  to  Cleve- 
land, Miss  Cornelia  Smith  was  elected  librarian  and  has  served 
ever  since.     Too  much  praise  cannot  be  given  to  Miss  Smith 


336  HISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

for  her  devotion  aud  her  iuterest.  Under  her  management,  the 
library  has  become  a  place  where  yonng  and  old  cannot  only 
receive  books,  bnt  can  be  guided  to  all  sorts  of  references  and 
helpful  articles. 

About  190-t  the  Library  Association  decided  to  accept  the 
offer  of  Andrew  Carnegie  to  give  $28,000  to  the  library  and 
building-  was  begun  in  the  fall  of  that  year.  It  was  finished 
in  February,  1906.  As  Mr.  Carnegie  always  reciuires  that  the 
city  obligate  itself  in  the  expense  of  maintaining  his  libraries, 
the  city  levied  a  proper  tax.  The  bill  providing  for  this  free 
library  placed  the  control  in  the  hands  of  the  city  authorities. 
The  city  now  levies  .7  mill  and  last  year  this  amounted  to  $3,200. 
As  the  libraiy  was  built  on  the  Sutlitf  land,  and  as  a  i^rovision 
of  the  Sntlift'  will  must  be  carried  out,  the  first  floor  was  made 
into  a  hall  and  named  "Sntliff  Hall,"  and  the  library  proper 
is  on  the  second  floor,  although  part  of  the  rooms  on  the  first 
floor  are  used  by  the  library  for  storage.  Within  the  last  year 
this  hall  has  been  used  as  a  gymnasiiun  for  boys.  The  will  of 
Mr.  Sntlift'  provided  for  both  boys  and  girls. 

The  library  now  contains  over  15,000  books. 

The  officers  are  president  of  the  board,  B.  J.  Taylor;  vice- 
president,  T.  I.  Gillmer;  treasurer,  P.  L.  Webb;  members, 
S.  W.  Parks,  Homer  E.  Stewart,  Charles  Fillius,  Mary  Perkins 
Lawtou. 

TnonbtiU  County  Artists. 

A  number  of  Trumbull  County  citizens  have  made  their 
mark  in  the  artistic  world.  Foremost  is  Kenyon  Cox,  the  son 
of  J.  D.  Cox,  who  is  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  Warren 
schools.  This  artist  now  lives  in  New  York  City,  and  enjoys 
an  enviable  reputation  among  artists  and  art  schools.  His  wife 
is  likewise  an  artist. 

John  W.  Bell,  the  son  of  Eeuben  Bell,  had  decided  talent 
in  painting,  and  some  beautiful  productions  of  his  are  in  Tram- 
bull  County  homes.  Mr.  Cox  studied  abroad  and  had  every 
advantage,  but  Mr.  Bell  was  not  so  fortunate,  and  developed 
his  talent  largely  in  New  York  and  eastern  cities.  His  specialty 
was  autumn  landscapes.  He  did  some  veiy  good  work  in  water 
color.  He  married  Ella,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Metcalf.  who  like- 
wise had  artistic  tastes  and  who  was  successful  in  marketing 
his  pictures.    He  had  the  truly  artistic  temperament  and  cared 


HISTOIJY  OF  TJtUMBULL  COUNTY  387 

little  for  tlie  financial  part  of  pictnre  painting. 

A.  T.  Millar,  a  resident  of  Cortland,  a  student  of  Mr.  Bell, 
afteiTvards  studied  in  New  York  and  Europe,  and  no^\'  does 
very  creditable  work.     He  lives  in  New  York. 

John  Crawford  was  the  first  of  Warren's  artists,  and  had 
good  ideas  of  colors.  He  died  when  veiy  young,  giving-  great 
prouiise. 

William  F.  Porter  had  decided  artistic  tastes,  but  did  not 
make  this  his  profession. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 


FiEE  Depaetmext. — Fire  of  1846. — Primitive  Methods  of  Fire 

Protectiox. — Fire  Companies  and  Apparatus. — "The 

Great  Fire." — City  Hall  axd  Paid  Dep.artmext. 

Until  within  a  few  years  the  citizens  of  Warren  1:)ecame 
greatly  alarmed  at  the  ringing  of  the  fire  bell.  Even  as  late  as 
1880  a  day-time  fire  brought  forth  an  enormous  crowd,  while 
an  alarm  rung  in  the  night  called  men  from  their  beds  and 
caused  women  to  anxiously  await  the  result  at  home.  This 
unnecessary  fear  was  present  because  of  the  terrible  conflagra- 
tions which  in  the  past  had  visited  the  city.  The  tale  had  been 
so  often  told  that  although  people  were  too  young  to  have  seen 
the  destruction,  still  it  was  firmly  fixed  in  their  minds. 

The  first  destructive  fire  was  in  1846;  the  others  in  1849, 
1855.  1860,  1866,  and  1867. 

In  the  early  days  of  Warren  there  were  few  ways  to  spend 
money  raised  by  taxation,  and  in  1838  there  was  a  surplus  of 
$800  in  the  treasui^^  During  that  fall  it  was  decided  to  spend 
.$295  for  a  rotary  engine  for  a  fire  department.  Machines  of 
this  kind,  at  that  time,  were  very  imperfect.  This  one  was  built 
after  the  plan  of  a  force  pump  and  was  warranted  to  throw 
a  hundred  gallons  of  water  per  minute  upon  a  three-story  build- 
ing. It  was  necessary  to  have  a  tub,  to  be  filled  by  a  bucket 
brigade,  so,  after  all,  this  machine  did  not  do  away  with  the 
primitive  fire  department — men  and  pails. 

The  early  newspapers  show  that  the  early  citizens  feared 
what  came  to  them  and  tried  to  avoid  it.  We  read  that  on 
December  9,  1840,  a  call  for  citizens  who  were  interested  in  the 
protection  of  property  from  fire  to  meet  was  made.  In  the 
following  ]\Iarch  we  find  this  statement:  "At  a  city  meeting 
held  in  Mr.  Babbitt's  school  room  the  question  of  better  fire 
e((uipment  was  discussed  and  it  was  resolved  that  an  efficient 
fire  department  was  necessary  for  the  protection  of  property." 

388 


IlisTuKY  OF  Ti;rMBULL  COlWTY  389 

Again,  in  Angnst,  lSJ-5,  "The  tax-payers  of  tlie  borough  of 
Warren  are  requested  to  meet  at  the  court  liouse  on  Thursday 
evening  next  to  take  into  consideration  the  propriety  of  pur- 
chasing a  tire  engine  by  tax." 

At  the  time  of  the  purchase  of  tliis  eugiue  a  fire  company 
was  formed  and  its  duty  was  not  only  to  manage  the  fire  but 
to  do  police  service  as  well.  The  citizens  of  the  town  were 
requested  to  take  their  place  in  the  bucket  brigade.  This  com- 
pany had  to  i^ractice  once  a  month,  and  after  the  novelty  wore 
oft',  the  filling  of  the  tub  was  a  laborious  task,  distasteful  to  all. 
Notwithstanding  the  preiiaration,  this  company  had  no  chance 
to  serve  in  the  first  fire,  of  1846,  because  the  buildings  were 
largely  of  wood  and  the  fire  was  under  sucli  headway  that 
nothing  as  small  and  as  inefficient  could  have  much  effect  upon 
the  Ijurning  mass.  The  fire  department  did  the  best  it  could, 
but  citizens  became  very  mucli  excited  and  often  ran  throwing 
water  on  the  fire  from  the  individual  buckets  instead  of  keeping 
tlie  tub  filled,  and  tinally  the  truck  broke  and  the  engine  was 
placed  on  boxes  where  it  was  worked,  but  to  little  purpose. 
This  fire  started  about  eleven  o'clock  on  Monday  night,  June 
1st,  the  alarm  being  given  by  the  Presbyterian  bell,  now  rather 
worse  for  its  years  of  work,  but  still  hanging  in  the  Presbyterian 
steeple.  It  originated  in  the  grocery  store  of  Fred  Bolemyer, 
which  stood  where  the  Warren  Hardware  Company  now  is  on 
Market  street,  went  down  ]\lain  street  nearly  to  Franklin,  and 
east  on  Market  to  Park  (Liberty)  and  down  Park  a  short  dis- 
tance. Twenty-four  Imildings  were  burned,  and  among  them 
some  of  the  best  firms  in  town  lost  heavily.  Among  these  were 
Smith  it  ^klcCombs,  whose  store  was  in  the  block  of  Henry  W. 
and  Charles  Smith,  S.  M.  Eupp.  hardware  store,  the  Liberty 
Hei'ald  Printing  Office,  several  law  offices  in  the  Smith  Block, 
the  brick  building  of  J.  L.  VanGorder,  and  the  three-story  brick 
building  of  Daniel  Gilbert,  on  the  corner  of  Market  and  Park, 
the  store  of  Iddings  &  Best,  the  public  market  house.  Democratic 
printing  office,  the  post  office,  the  county  treasurer's  office,  the 
store  of  B.  P.  Jameson  (here  a  man  lost  his  life),  James  Hoyt, 
Patch  and  Allison,  were  all  destroyed.  The  park  was  filled  with 
all  sorts  of  merchandise,  furniture.  The  store  of  Henry 
Stiles  and  Asael  Adams,  standing  just  north  of  Market,  on 
the  east  side  of  Park,  were  saved,  although  the  goods  Avere  car- 
ried out  and  more  or  less  damaged.  Many  ladies  were  in  the  rank 
of  the  bucket  brigade  and  did  heroic  work  in  helping  to  save  these 


390  HISTORY  OP^  TRUirBULL  COUXTY 

buildings  as  well  as  the  bank.  Little  insurance  was  carried  in 
those  days  and  tlie  financial  loss  was  very  great.  Among  others 
suffering  loss  in  this  fire  were:  A.  Bartholomew,  Morgan 
tS:  Stell,  Lott  &  Freeman,  L.  S.  Kibbee  &  Son,  Kibbee,  Moser 
&  Co.,  Thornton  &  King,  L.  Graham,  A.  F.  Hunt,  Zahnon 
Fitch,  J.  ^V.  Collins,  J.  M.  Milligan,  A.  Luke  &  Co.,  Daniel 
.l:igger,  George  Austin,  Fred  Bolemyer,  J.  &  J.  I)unlai>,  Caleb 
Peck.  J.  R.  Williams,  Levi  Nichols",  A.  Luke  &  Co.,  A.  &  C. 
Westcott,  the  postoffice,  Woodrow  &  Chapman,  Day's  barber 
shop.  Dr.  W.  Iddings,  Dr.  J.  Farrell,  and  two  or  three  lawy^ers' 
ofiSees  on  Franklin  street. 

The  old  Western  Reserve  Bank  stood  where  the  present 
Union  National  stands,  and  George  Tayler,  with  the  assistance 
of  friends,  heroicall.y  saved  this  building,  which  was  on  fire 
several  times.  The  Odd  Fellows  lodge,  several  doctors  and 
lawyers  had  their  rooms  and  offices  burned  and  suifered  accord- 
ingly. Changes  were  made  in  firms  and  in  businesses  at  that 
tune.  The  Libert ij  Herald  was  never  issued  again;  the  pub- 
lisher, Mr.  Tait,  became  librarian  of  the  Cleveland  Public 
Library,  and  the  editor,  Mr.  Rice,  became  editor  of  the  Ohio 
State  Journal  at  Columbus. 

Although  the  fire  of  1846  has  been  handed  down  in  press, 
and  by  word  of  mouth,  the  following  is  quoted  from  a  letter 
which  the  mother  of  Samuel  Dickey  wrote  to  him  when  he  was 
in  New  Hampshire  on  a  visit,  "Ere  this  reaches  you,  you  will 
doubtless  learn  from  public  papers  what  a  great  conflagration 
there  has  been  in  Warren,  last  Mondaj'  night.  Some  say  even 
greater  than  that  in  Pittsburg,  according  to  the  population  of 
the  ];)lace.  On  Monday  night  about  half  past  eleven,  I  was 
awakened  by  the  church  bell.  Ijooked  out  of  the  window  and 
saw  a  bright  light.  I  thought  in  the  direction  of  the  Presby- 
terian church.  We  got  up,  partly  dressed  ourselves,  and  went 
out  to  the  road.  Found  it  south  of  the  church.  Your  father 
called  up  John  and  Jake  and  he,  himself,  went  as  far  asthe 
liridge  barefooted.  He  could  then  see  it  was  on  Market  street. 
He  could  see  VanGorder's  Idock  all  aflame.  Smith  «S:  McComb's 
store  ImrTiing  and  likely  to  take  the  whole  of  ^larket  street, 
and  Main  street.  He  came  home,  dressed  himself,  went  back 
again,  got  into  line  and  stayed  until  the  fire  subsided,  which 
was  about  three  o'clock.  When  he  came  home,  to  our  deep  re- 
gret, he  told  us  Market  street  was  in  ruins  as  far  as  Adams 
store,  market  house  and  all,  and  Main  street  above  the  post 


IILSTORY  OF  TRU:\rBULL  COUNTY  391 

office.  One  or  two  houses  on  the  other  side  of  the  street  were 
saved  with  great  exertion.  There  are  no  other  stores  remain- 
ing now  except  Adams'  and  Stiles'  on  Liberty  street,  on  Main 
street,  Hoyt's,  Charles  Smith,  and  many  of  the  goods  of  those 
stores  were  taken  out  and  much  injured.  Our  friend,  Towne, 
had  almost  everything  taken  out  of  his  house  and  a  great  many 
other  houses  were  emi)tied  of  their  contents.  Mr.  VanGordei- 
remained  in  his  house  so  long,  clearing  out  goods,  that  his 
friends  were  alarmed  aliout  him,  and  he  had  at  last  to  jump  out 
of  the  second-story  window.  ]\lr.  VauGorder  is  said  to  be  the 
greatest  sutTerer  among  them  all.  He  is  said  to  have  lost  $10,- 
000.  He  had  intended  to  have  insurance  when  he  completed  his 
line  block  of  Iniildings.  The  sympathy  of  the  public  are  deeply 
enlisted  for  him.  It  is  supposed  he  will  go  on  with  the  flour 
mill  across  the. river.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  property  covered 
by  insurance.  Mr.  Bidwell  says  the  insurance  companies  of 
Trumbull  County  will  lircak  up  and  that  he  himself  will  lose 
very  much." 

Warren  now  knew  that  (uic  thing  it  must  have  was  an 
efficient  tire  department.  In  July,  of  this  same  year  1846,  James 
Hoyt  and  Oliver  H.  Patch,  upon  request  of  the  citizens,  went  to 
Cleveland,  purchased  a  Button  at  the  cost  of  $()0().  This  was 
the  type  of  hand  engine  with  which  wc  arc  all  familiar.  It  was 
a  great  improvement  on  the  oNl  one.  There  was  little  or  no 
money  in  the  treasury  at  the  time,  and  apparently  the  town 
had  no  right  to  levy  a  tax.  However,  then,  was  done  the  thing 
whieli  always  can  be  done  when  an  emergency  arises,  a  waj'^ 
was  found  to  use  an  old  and  unused  law  in  regard  to  bonding 
the  city  for  this  purpose.  This  stiitute  allowed  the  treasurei- 
to  issue  certificates  on  the  treasury  which  were  receivable  for 
taxes.  After  a  good  deal  of  effort  a  sufficient  amount  of  certifi- 
cates were  sold  to  pay  for  the  engine.  The  old  fire  company 
was  abandoned,  and  a  new  one  was  perfected.  Charles  Mes- 
senger became  the  chief.  (William's  History  of  Trumlnill  & 
Mahoning  Counties.)  "The  Council  offered  a  standing  premium 
of  $3  to  the  member  of  the  company  w^o  would  reach  the  en- 
gine house  first  in  case  of  fire.  The  house  stood  on  Liberty 
street,  back  of  the  First  National  Bank  building.  A  close  con- 
test was  made  for  this  prize,  on  the  night  of  the  great  fire  of 
1849  which  consumed  two  blocks  on  Market  street.  The  fire 
■was  seen  apparently  at  the  same  time  Ijy  W.  R.  Stiles  and  James 
Hoyt,  both  merchants.    Both  ran  with  all  possilile  speed  toward 


392  HISTOKY  OF  TEUHBULL  COUXTY 

the  eugiue  house,  where  they  arrived  so  nearly  at  the  same 
time  that  at  the  iustaut  Mr.  Hoyt  grabbed  for  the  latch,  Mr. 
Stiles  seized  it,  thus  winning  the  money." 

The  constitution  of  the  Mahoning  Fire  Company  Xo.  1, 
adopted  in  1863  and  of  Neptune  Fire  Company,  Xo.  2.  adopted 
in  1868,  are  on  file  in  the  present  fire  department.  Part  of 
article  4  of  Mahoning  reads,  in  reference  to  members,  "On  the 
alarm  of  fire  they  shall  repair  to  the  engine  house  to  assist  in 
conveying  the  apparatus  to  the  fire — to  assist  in  using  it  while 
there — and  to  return  it  to  its  proper  place  in  the  house.  Any 
member  leaving  the  apparatus  without  the  permission  of  the 
foreman,  or  the  commanding  officer,  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine 
for  the  first  offense,  of  121/2  cents,  for  the  second  offense,  25 
cents,  and  for  the  third  offense,  expulsion." 

In  the  X'eptune  constitution,  we  read,  "Xo  person  shall 
become  a  member  of  this  company  under  the  age  of  seventeen, 
or  who  is  not  of  respectable  moral  character." 

In  both  the  constitutions,  great  stress  is  laid  on  fines  and  on 
expulsion.  In  the  old  records  we  find  several  dismissals  for 
drunkenness. 

In  an  old  book  at  the  fire  department,  yellow  with  age,  are 
the  following  names  of  the  active  members  of  the  Xeptune  Fire 
Company  No.  2,  for  1867:  W.  J.  Kerr,  AV.  H.  Herzog,  D.  H. 
Hecklinger,  Whit  Adams,  K.  S.  Elliott,  John  Hardy,  B.  Gear- 
ing, David  Camp,  C.  S.  Fusselman,  Frank  Camp,  Adam  Mack. 
Amos  Dillon,  William  Hayes,  Marion  Wisell,  Joseph  Eobinson. 
James  Eobinson,  George  Gandholt,  Robert  Clark,  James  Park- 
er, John  Spear,  J.  L.  Smith,  L.  Hecklinger,  A.  Burustein,  Joseph 
Alescenter,  Sam  Tandzenheizer,  W.  Clark,  H.  A.  Strong,  Eli 
Vakir,  H.  Schultz,  J.  Hammell,  Ben  Miller,  W.  Bushnell,  J. 
Lewis,  James  Moon,  R.  Braden,  J.  M.  Tuttle,  II.  M.  Pierce, 
Andrew  Hahn,  John  Moon,  Joseph  Waldeck,  A.  X.  Dietz,  S. 
Miner,  V.  Cady,  Byron  Harrick,  Levi  Camp,  Alfred  Wilson, 
Theo.  Bobolsky,  William  Crawford,  Horace  Bushnell,  Fred 
Squire,  John  AA'recter,  R.  S.  Wilkins,  Z.  Long,  W.  Brown,  J. 
W.  Gilbert,  Patrick  Duliy,  Adam  Waldeck,  D.  S>-mes,  W.  Ward, 
Jr.,  W.  F.  Peffers,  S.  Wright,  W.  Morris,  A.  Winders,  Andrew 
Jewell,  Bostiek  Parker,  D.  D.  Drennen,  C.  W.  Tyler. 

A  second  hand  engine,  bearing  the  name  of  "Saratoga" 
was  purchased  in  1851  and  a  company  organized.  Whether 
this  was  an  entirely  new  company,  or  a  reorganization  of  the 
old,  we  do  not  know.    In  1855  another  engine  was  purchased. 


HISTORY  OF  TliU-MBULL  rOlXTY  393 

Although  the  tire  of  1846  was  a  dreadful  one,  that  of  1860  was 
worse,  and  is  always  known  as  "the  great  tire."  Almost  the 
entire  business  part  of  the  town  was  destroyed.  This  seems 
strange  when  it  started  at  mid-day,  but  when  we  know  of  the 
wooden  buildings,  the  shingle  roofs,  and  the  dry  season,  we 
can  see  how  soon  such  a  conflagration  would  be  beyond  control. 
This  fire  started  in  Truesdell  &  Townsend's  furniture  factory, 
located  on  south  side  of  Fulton  street  near  Main.  There  was 
a  strong  wind  and  the  burning  embers  were  easily  carried  to 
the  livery  stable  of  Peter  Foulk  on  Franklin  street.  This  time, 
both  sides  of  Main  street  burned,  and  several  acres  were  laid 
in  waste. 

The  covered  bridge  was  destroyed,  and  fell  into  the  river. 
Many  houses  on  Mahoning  avenue  had  the  shingle  roofs.alrlaze. 
the  ^lethodist  church  was  on  fire  in  several  places,  and  Prof. 
James  Marvin,  then  su]>erintendent  of  the  ]mblic  schools,  got 
onto  the  roof  and  saved  it  by  the  help  of  the  bucket  brigade. 
Almon  D.  Webb,  the  father  of  Peter  L.  Webb,  did  the  same 
tiling  for  the  Presbyterian  church..  Edward  A.  Smith  is  the 
only  man  now  engaged  in  business  who  was  in  business  at  that 
time.  There  were  two  fire  companies,  Mahoning  No.  1  and 
Neptune  No.  2.  The  former  was  located  on  South  Park  av- 
enue and  the  second  in  a  brick  building  located  in  the  small 
park  between  city  hall  and  West  ?klarket  street.  Members  be- 
longing to  the  Mahoning  No.  1,  now  living,  are  John  Buch- 
steiner,  Jas.  Finn,  John  Bebhan  and  Michael  Goeltz,  while  of 
Neptune  No.  2, — Whittlesey  Adams,  Judge  William  T.  S]iear, 
Homer  C.  Eeid,  and  Wm.  J.  Kerr  are  still  living. 

This  fire  brought  financial  distress,  but  in  the  long  run  was 
good  for  the  town,  for,  although  more  than  $300,000  worth  of 
property  was  destroyed,  buildings  were  all  re-built.  Before  this. 
Main  street  was  below  grade,  and  now  this  was  l)rought  up  to 
the  right  level  and  a  good  foundation  made.  Befoie  two  years 
had  passed,  all  blocks  were  rebuilt,  all  occupied. 

The  fire  of  1867  swept  away  the  buildings  from  the  corner 
of  Park,  to  the  building  now  occupied  by  Mrs.  Koj)]).  The  store 
on  the  corner  where  the  Warren  Dry  Goods  store  now  stands 
was  used  by  Charles  Boughton  as  a  crockery  store,  and  over 
this  the  Misses  Foreman  had  a  millinery  establishment.  These 
two  women  carried  on  successful  business  in  Warren  for  a 
great  many  years.  They  escaped  from  this  fire  with  their  lives. 
They  lost  their  stock  of  goods,  all  their  ilothing  and  furniture. 


3114  IIISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

The  women  of  the  towu  gladly  and  generously  gathered  to- 
gether, made  garments  for  them,  and  they  were  soon  able, 
either  from  their  own  savings  or  by  a  loan,  to  secure  a  new  line 
of  goods  and  resume  business.  They  were  the  leading  milliners 
of  the  town  for  many  years  and  during  the  latter  part  of  their 
lives  occupied  rooms  at  the  southern  end  of  the  present  Union 
National  Bank  building. 

Since  that  time  a  number  of  business  places  have  been  de- 
stroyed by  tire,  and  now  and  then  a  residence  or  two,  liut  on  the 
whole,  iires  have  been  few  and  the  department  very  efficient. 

In  1868  the  first  steamer  was  purchased.  Including  a  good- 
ly bit  of  hose,  it  cost  $9,000.  It  was  named  for  the  mayor,  I.  X. 
Dawson,  and  the  fire  department  bore  also  the  same  name. 
People  now  who  were  children  in  that  day  remember  how 
proudly  John  L.  Smith,  as  the  captain,  led  the  parades  on 
Fourth  of  July  and  like  occasions,  and  how  he  used  to  thunder 
his  commands  through  a  brass  horn.  After  this  department 
had  been  called  out  for  the  slightest  fire,  the  children  of  the 
town,  for  weeks  after,  going  back  and  forth  to  school,  would 
make  a  horn  of  their  hands  and  in  as  deep  tones  as  possible 
imitate  Capt.  Smith  in  "Play  away,  No.  1." 

In  1881  a  new  steamer  was  purchased,  costing  $-l:,000. 
There  was  no  change  in  the  fire  company  as  to  name. 

In  1874  the  city  hall  was  built  at  the"cost  of  $40,000.  The 
lower  part  of  this  building  was  arranged  for  the  fire  depart- 
ment, and  horses  were  used  for  the  first  time  to  draw  the  en- 
gines, when  the  company  was  installed  in  this  building.  The 
erection  of  the  city  hall  caused  a  good  deal  of  comment  on  the 
part  of  the  older  citizens.  These  men  realized  the  value  of  the 
land  given  by  Mr.  Quinby  to  the  city,  and  as  most  of  them 
had  traveled,  were  well  educated,  and  knew  the  possibility  of 
this  public  park,  they  had  guarded  the  Quinby  gift  and  re- 
gretted greatly  the  sale  of  the  land  lietween  the  river  and 
Quinby  Hill,  particularly  the  part  opposite  the  city  hall,  and 
tliey  also  objected  to  the  construction  of  the  city  hall,  first 
because  it  obstructed  the  view  of  the  river,  but  principally  be- 
cause they  believed  a  stable  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city  liuild- 
ing  would  finally  make  the  building  unfit  for  use.  The  town  has 
lived  to  see  the  wisdom  of  the  early  fathers,  and  has  partially 
rectified  its  mistake  by  taking  the  fire  department  out  of  the 
linilding. 

In  189()  the  present  fire  department  building  was  erected 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 


OLD    ENGINE    HOUSE,    WHERE    CITY    PARK    NOW    IS. 


HlSTOliY  OF  THUMBULL  COUNTY  395 

on  Park  avenue.  It  cost  about  $20,000.  lu  1899  the  Volunteer 
Fire  Company  ceased  to  exist,  the  present  tire  company  was  or- 
ganized, and  the  office  of  chief  of  fire  department  created.  D. 
K.  Moser  was  elected  chief,  and  lias  held  that  office  ever  since. 
He  has  been  a  very  efficient  man. 

The  firemen,  at  this  writing,  on  duty  in  this  building  are 
Chief  Moser,  Grant  Drenueu.  William  (ii'iffith.  Dennis  Gates, 
and  Milton  Poulton. 

As  many  mannfacturies  have  sprung  ui>  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  city,  for  several  years  pressure  has  been  lu'ought 
to  bear  for  the  establishment  of  a  tire  department  in  that  sec- 
tion, and  in  1908  a  building  was  erected  and  equipped.  The 
captain  in  this  station  is  Harry  ]\[ills,  John  Graham  and  Stan- 
lev  Johnson  being  the  men  on  dutv. 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

Germax-Ameeicax    Families    of    Teumbull    Couxty. — Daxiel. 

BiscHOFF. — Cheistianae,   Voit,   Dietz,    Sh.alee,   Derk, 

GoEKixG,  Hucke,  Waldeck,  Koehlee,  Etc. 

The  Germans  were  among  the  very  best  of  Warren's  early 
citizens.  In  the  lieginning-  those  who  came  were  men  and  women 
of  unusual  talent.  Many  of  them  were  well  educated,  all  were 
frugal,  and  were  willing  to  take  part  in  anything  which  was  for 
the  welfare  of  the  community.  It  is  a  pity  that  no  record  has 
been  kept  of  these  staunch  citizens,  and  that  even  the  children 
and  the  grandchildren  know  little  about  them.  ]\Iost  of  them 
were  Lutherans,  and  came  from  Germany  proper.  Among  these 
was  George  Gairing,  who  was  very  well  educated  and  a  cabinet 
maker  by  trade.  Daniel  Bischoff  (later  written  Bishop)  was 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  his  time.  He  was  educated,  had  fine 
business  sense,  and  was  a  sort  of  a  go-between  for  the  people 
here  and  those  in  Germany.  He  kept  up  his  home  interests 
and  sold  steamship  tickets  to  those  wishing  to  go  back  and 
forth.  He  had  quite  a  family  of  children,  having  had  two  wives. 
It  is  a  pity  that  no  jncture  is  iireserved  of  his  first  store,  which 
was  a  low  affair,  with  a  little  door,  and  stood  on  the  spot  where 
the  Bishop  block  now  stands.  He  sold  candy  and  later  beer 
and  wine.  Possilily  he  sold  these  in  the  beginning.  The  family 
lived  in  the  house  and  on  the  door  was  a  bell  which  rang  as 
customei-s  opened  it.  It  was  the  cleanest  place,  and  it  seems 
as  if  candy  never  tasted  so  good  when  bought  anywhere  else. 
Mr.  Bishop  was  very  pleasant  to  children,  and  we  all  saved  our 
money  to  spend  it  there.  ]\Ir.  McQuiston,  who  kept  a  place 
across  the  street,  used  to  buy  old  bottles,  and  many  a  summer 
day  has  the  writer  spent  the  morning  gathering  bottles,  bar- 
gaining with  Mr.  McQuiston  for  the  sale,  and  as  soon  as  the 
pennies  were  in  her  hand,  dashing  across  the  street  to  Bishop's, 
pushed  in  the  door  with  the  ringing  bell,  and  called  for  three 
cents'  worth  of  Jugu  Paste. 

396 


HISTORY  OF  TR^-^rBULL  COUNTY  397 

Another  oue  of  the  leading  Germans  was  Henry  Christianar. 
He  was  a  first-class  wagon-maker,  and  was  associated  with 
John  ]\Iartin  in  business.  Mr.  Christianar  had  a  capable  wife 
and  family  of  children.  Three  of  his  daughters  taught  in 
Warren  and  in  Cleveland.  Emma,  the  oldest,  married  Azor 
Hunt  and  now  lives  in  Homestead.  Fred,  the  youngest  of  the 
boys,  was  especially  successful  in  business  and  owned,  at  the 
time  of  his  death  a  few  months  ago,  part  of  the  Colonial  Hotel. 

(.)ne  of  the  most  industrious  and  well  beloved  of  the  early 
Germans  was  Lewis  Voit.  He  was  a  painter  by  trade,  and  a 
man  who  adhered  strictly  but  gently  to  the  teachings  of  his 
church.  He  had  a  goodly  family  of  boys,  all  of  whom  reside 
in  this  city.  Fred,  the  youngest,  follows  his  father's  trade; 
while  Ed  has  the  leading  furniture  store  of  the  city,  his  brother 
Henry  being  associated  witli  him.  Will  is  one  of  the  leading- 
druggists,  a  partner  of  Byard.  Ed  has  been  a  member  of  the 
board  of  education,  and  Will  of  the  city  council. 

Captain  Wilhelm  Dietz  came  to  this  country  in  1851.  From 
Xew  York  he  stopped  in  the  state  but  later  came  to  Warren. 
Two  of  his  sons  were  A.  N.  and  George.  He  was  a  tanner. 
George  and  A.  X.  were  coopers.  Both  these  men  were  exemplary 
citizens,  George  being  the  father  of  Louise  Brenner,  Youngs- 
town,  and  Clarence,  of  this  city.  A.  N.  married  Kathrine 
Baelir,  who  was  born  in  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  Germany,  in  the 
castle  of  Coburg,  in  which  Martin  Luther  resided  at  the  time 
he  wrote  the  famous  hymn  "Ein  Feste  Burg  ist  Unser  Gott." 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dietz  were  both  strong  characters,  lived  exemplary 
lives,  Mrs.  Dietz  dying  a  few  years  ago.  Four  children  still 
live,  William,  a  very  successful  business  man  of  Cleveland; 
August,  connected  with  the  Erie  Eailroad  in  Cleveland,  holding 
an  important  position;  Henry,  teller  of  the  Union  National 
Bank;  and  Minnie,  who  is  stenographer  and  confidential  clerk 
of  T.  H.  Gillmer. 

Air.  Frederick  Shaler,  a  carpenter,  who  resided  most  of  his 
married  life  on  Market  street  near  the  comer  of  Vine,  was  one 
of  the  reliable  early  German  citizens.  He  died  in  the  late  '60s. 
but  his  wife  survived  him  many  years.  She  spent  her  time  in 
the  home  of  her  daughters,  Airs.  Seigfried,  of  Y'oungstown,  and 
Airs.  F.  J.  Alackey,  of  Warren.  A  younger  daughter.  Frankie, 
died  in  youth.  Air.  Shaler  was  held  in  high  esteem  l)y  his  Ger- 
man acquaintances  and  English  neighbors. 

Two  Germans  long  identified  with  Warren  were  Alvers  and 


398  IIISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

Herliuger.  In  the  begiuning  they  were  laborers  in  the  brick- 
yard on  the  flats.  Later  they  owned  this  plant.  David  Her- 
linger  had  a  large  family  of  children:  Elizabeth,  now  Mrs. 
Wakefield;  John,  employed  at  the  McMyler  Works;  Theodore, 
the  baker;  David,  a  barber;  Lena,  Mrs.  Henry  Voit;  George, 
a  molder.  They  are  all  useful  citizens.  Of  Mr.  Myers'  children 
four  reside  in  Trumbull  County:  Jacob  follows  his  father's 
trade  and  is  at  present  connected  with  the  brick  company  on 
the  west  side;  Christopher  is  a  grocer;  William,  a  fanner  at 
Newton  Falls ;  and  Charles  is  the  jimior  member  of  Vautrot  & 
Myers. 

Samuel  Derr  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  who  devoted  his 
time  to  the  keeping  of  a  hotel  and  to  the  running  of  a  mill  in  the 
lower  part  of  town.  He  died  very  suddenly  in  the  prime  of  life, 
and  left  a  widow  with  a  family  of  children  to  partially  provide 
for.  Mrs.  Derr  kept  a  boarding-house  for  many  years  where 
the  library  now  stands,  and  was  very  successful  in  that  business. 
At  present  she  has  a  grandson,  Louis  James,  and  a  grand- 
daughter, Olive  Lamb,  residing  in  this  city. 

John  Goering,  who  came  early  from  Germany  to  Warren, 
was  a  stone  mason  and  contractor.  Mr.  Goering  was  a  man  of 
unusual  integrity  and  he  helped  to  construct  many  of  the  large 
buildings  erected  in  Warren  between  1850  and  1870.  For  many 
years  he  resided  opposite  the  Lutheran  church  on  Vine  street, 
but  later  bought  property  on  Howland  Heights,  which  has  just 
been  sold  by  his  children.  Mr.  Goering  came  of  an  excellent 
family  in  Germany.  His  nephew  is  now  postmaster  in  Coburg, 
and  another  nephew  was  an  architect  of  no  mean  reputation. 
He  had  two  daughters  by  his  first  wife,  two  sons  by  his  second. 
The  oldest  daughter,  Julia  Fisher,  lives  in  Colorado;  the 
younger  daughter  recently  married  Mr.  Wolcott  of  Jefferson, 
and  resides  there,  while  the  two  sons  are  residents  of  Warren, 
Frederick  being  a  carpenter,  and  Charles  the  senior  member 
of  the  firm  of  Goering  &  Ohl. 

George  Bmno  Hucke  was  a  German  who  came  to  Warren 
in  the  early  '50s  and  married  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Tod  of  Newton 
Falls.  They  resided  all  their  married  life  in  Warren,  where 
Mrs.  Hucke  still  lives.  Their  daughter  is  Mrs.  Nelson  Cottle, 
of  Porter  avenue.  Mr.  Hucke  was  a  fine  musician,  had  a  rich 
baritone  voice,  and  for  many  years  had  charge  of  the  music 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  had  a  fine  education,  and  in  ordi- 
nary conversation  showed  little  accent  of  speech,  but  when  he 


HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY  399 

poured  forth  his  soul  in  song  the  German  was  very  apparent. 
One  can  almost  hear  him  now  as  he  sang  the  Te  Deum  "We 
praise  te,  Oh,  Gott,  We  acknowledge  te  to  be  te  Lordt." 

The  Waldeck  family  was  a  large  one.  Heniy,  Joe,  and 
John  were  successful  business  men.  They  were  originally 
Catholics,  but  Joe  and  John  early  became  Protestants.  Henr}^ 
adhered  to  his  faith,  and  was  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of 
St.  Mary's  }iarish.  The  Waldeck  Bakery,  whieli  was  managed 
by  Henry,  and  later  by  his  son,  was  one  of  the  best  stores  of  the 
kind  that  Warren  ever  had.  Joe  was  a  barber,  and  in  his  shop 
the  girls  of  the  '60 's  had  their  hair  shingled,  he  being  careful 
not  to  "pull."  John,  tlie  youngest  of  the  family,  is  in  the  insur- 
ance business  and  has  been  very  successful. 

John  Koehler,  who  for  many  years  had  the  marble  estab- 
lishment in  this  city,  stood  at  the  very  head  of  the  German 
residents.  Every  motion  and  action  showed  his  breeding  and 
training.  Self-respect  was  written  on  his  face.  He  was 
resi)ected  by  Americans  and  loved  by  his  own  countrymen  here. 
He  lived  on  Howland  Heights,  next  to  his  friend  and  neighbor, 
John  Goering.  He  had  a  large  family  of  children.  Only  one, 
Mary,  who  married  John  Waldeck,  now  resides  in  the  city. 
Neither  Mr.  nor  Mrs.  Koehler  lived  beyond  middle  life, 

Augustus  Graeter  was  one  of  the  best  educated  Germans 
who  came  to  Warren.  He  and  his  family  are  referred  to  in  the 
cha])ter  under  Hotels. 

John  Baehr,  who  now  resides  on  First  street,  is  a  brother 
of  the  late  Mrs.  A.  X.  Dietz.  He  is  a  painter  by  trade,  and  for 
many  years  has  been  a  leader  in  his  occupation.  He  was  long 
associated  with  John  Eebhan,  who  now  resides  on  Niles  av- 
enue. Both  these  men  were  interested  in  Warren's  welfare  in 
the  '50 's  and  '60 's,  Mr.  Eebhan  being  one  of  the  most  efficient 
members  of  the  tire  company. 

John  Bucksteiner,  a  shoemaker  by  trade,  uow  working  for 
J.  A.  Pew  &  Son,  who  has  worked  longer  at  his  trade  and  more 
constantly  than  any  other  shoe  man  in  the  city,  like  his  other 
German  friends,  is  one  of  the  most  substantial  citizens.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  early  tire  department,  and  he  and  Chris- 
tine Lemley  saved  the  King  Block  from  destruction  in  the  fire 
of  1860.    His  son,  John,  is  one  of  the  leading  merchants. 

The  early  Germans  in  Warren  were  most  of  them  Luther- 
ans and  had  social  affairs  of  their  own.  They  were  very  hosisit- 
able  and  each  felt  responsible  for  the  other.     They  had  good 


400  HISTOUY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

disoii)liiie  in  their  families  and  almost  all  of  the  second  and 
third  generation  are  reputable  citizens.  If  any  of  their  coun- 
trjTiien  misbehaved,  they  helped  him  as  long  as  it  seemed 
best,  and  then  dropped  him  with  utter  disgust  forever.  In  the 
beginning  most  of  them  lived  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
town,  east  of  ]\Iain  street,  below  the  canal.  Here  they  had  their 
own  gardens,  and  their  yards  were  full  of  flowers.  Some  of 
those  who  came  later  were  not  as  well  educated  nor  as  prosper- 
ous as  the  first  residents,  but  they  were  just  as  hospitable,  and 
just  as  home-loving.  As  other  nationalities  came  here  and 
were  employed  in  the  rolling  mill,  and  like  places,  the  Germans 
moved  to  the  west  side  and  the  east  end,  but  their  flowers  and 
their  prosperity  went  with  them.  When  the  hard  times  came 
and  these  other  foreigners  who  had  received  large  wages  had 
to  be  assisted  by  the  town,  the  Germans  cared  for  themselves 
and  when  other  houses  filled  with  idle  workmen  sitting  on  the 
porches  with  the  appearance  of  despair,  the  flowers  bloomed  in 
the  German  gardens  and  the  German  and  his  family  felt  little 
or  nothing  of  the  strain. 

The  early  Germans  used  their  own  language  in  the  homes, 
it  was  i>reached  to  them  in  the  church,  and  in  the  early  days 
a  German  school  was  held  in  summer  in  the  Fulton  Street 
schoolhouse,  and  later  such  a  school  was  had  in  the  Lutheran 
church.  These  German  Germans  disliked  very  much  to  be  con- 
fused with  the  Pennsylvania  Dutch,  and  although  they  re- 
spected the  Germans  who  came  from  Pennsylvania  with  their 
distorted  language,  they  always  distinctly  made  it  known  that 
thev  were  the  real  Germans. 


CHAPTER  XXIX.—  BRACEVILLE. 


Jonathan  Brace. — Oviatt  Family. — Other  Settlers. — ISchools 
AND  Churches. — Phalanx. — "B.\ttle  of 
THE  Snakes.'' — Tornado. 

Tliis  township  was  named  in  honor  of  Jonathan  Brace,  who 
was  one  of  the  three  men  pnrohasing  land  from  the  Couuecti- 
cnt  Land  Company  in  1799.  The  other  two  were  Enoch  Per- 
kins and  Roger  Newberry.  The  following  year  Jnstin  Ely,  who 
owned  land  in  Newton  as  did  Jonathan  Brace,  became  asso- 
ciated with  them.  The  land  was  conveyed  to  Pardon  Brown, 
and  these  five  men  became  joint  owners.  The  township  was 
surveyed  in  1802,  and  the  first  deed  made  was  to  Francis  Free- 
man in  1803,  and  for  many  years  some  of  his  descendants  lived 
on  this  property.  He  himself  lived  at  AVarren  and  became  iden- 
tified with  the  building  up  of  that  place.  His  old  homestead,  on 
the  corner  of  South  and  Main  streets,  still  stands,  while  a  house 
which  he  built  before  that,  and  which  stood  at  the  east  of  the 
Austin  House,  adjoining  it,  was  torn  down  only  a  few  years 
ago.  He  built  for  his  son,  Samuel  Leavitt  Freeman,  the  brick 
house  standing  on  the  north  side  of  South  street  between  Park 
and  Main  streets.  This  sou,  Samuel,  married  Charlotte  Tod, 
the  daughter  of  Dr.  Tod.  of  Newton,  and  his  daughter,  Olive, 
married  for  a  second  husband.  General  Robert  AW  Ratliff.  In 
1803  Mr.  Millan  built  a  log  cabin  lietween  Braceville  and  War- 
ren and  went  home  to  bring  back  his  family.  The  Indians,  as 
they  often  did,  burned  this  emjjty  cabin  and  the  owner  never 
returned,  although  the  place  was  called  ]\nilantown  until  1811, 
when  it  became  Braceville.  Some  historians  say  that  Ralph 
Freeman  was  the  first  settler  of  Braceville,  while  others  give 
this  credit  to  Samuel  Oviatt.  This  difference  of  opinion  comes 
from  the  fact  that  Freeman  was  a  bachelor  and  did  not  main- 
tain a  real  home,  while  Oviatt  was  married.  Ralph  married 
Betsey  Stowe,  daughter  of  Comfort  Stowe,  and  their  daughter. 
Frances,  undoubtedly  named  for  Francis  Freeman,  married 
Julius  Austin.    Julius  was  a  cousin  of  Harmon  Austin  Sr.    The 

401 


402  HISTOUY  OF  THU-MErLL  COUNTY 

Freemau  and  the  Austin  families  were  connected  in  several  dif- 
ferent ways,  widow  Austin,  a  greatgrandmother  of  Mrs.  Peu- 
deltou,  married  Samuel  Leavitt  for  a  second  husband.  Their 
daughter  was  the  mother  of  Samuel  L.  Freeman.  Freeman 
and  William  Mossman  erected  a  log  cabin  on  the  river  in  I8O0. 
Freeman  got  his  land  from  his  brother  Francis,  Mossman  pur- 
chased a  hundred  acres.  They  kejjt  house  by  themselves,  had 
a  cow,  and  many  stories  are  told  of  the  food  they  served  them- 
selves, and  the  management  they  employed,  while  many  a  tidy 
housekeeper  repeats  the  story  of  the  unclean  condition  of  their 
utensils,  etc.  Mr.  Mossman  did  not  seem  to  relish  this  life, 
moved  to  "Warren,  where  he  kept  a  tavern,  and  afterwards  to 
Buffalo. 

Samuel  Oviatt,  with  his  wife,  Louise  Beckwith,  two  chil- 
dren, his  brother  Stephen  and  Ms  bride,  Sally  Stone,  came  into 
the  township  in  1804.  They  came  by  the  way  of  Pittsburg  from 
Goshen,  Connecticut.  From  Warren  there  was  no  road,  and 
they  had  to  cut  one  through  the  forest.  They  were  six  weeks 
on  their  way.  Their  father  had  purchased  a  thousand  acres  of 
land.  They  built  their  cabin  south  of  the  center  and  here,  for 
many  years  Henry,  a  grandson  of  Samuel,  lived. 

These  first  settlers  of  Braceville  suffered  the  same  priva- 
tions that  the  settlers  of  other  townships  did.  They  had  few 
vegetables,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  iirst  winter  they  were  de- 
spairing when  a  turkey  appeared  near  their  cabin  and  was 
shot  by  one  of  the  men,  while  Mrs.  Stejshen  Oviatt,  seeing  a 
deer  near  the  house,  although  rmused  to  fire-arms,  killed  it. 

Sally  Stone  Oviatt  was  the  mother  of  the  first  child  born 
in  Braceville.    His  name  was  William  J. 

Early  in  1805  Joshua  Bradford  and  his  wife,  Anne  Dunn, 
with  three  sons  settled  on  Braceville  Bidge,  the  highest  land  in 
Trumbull  County. 

A  little  later  the  father  of  the  two  Oviatts,  Samuel  Sr., 
with  his  wife,  Sarah,  his  son  Edmimd  and  wife,  Ruth,  Seth  and 
Mark,  and  their  daughters  Maria  and  Lucretia,  took  up  their 
home  near  their  sons  Samuel  and  Steven.  It  will  be  seen, 
therefore,  that  among  the  early  settlers  the  Oviatts  were  strong 
in  number.  They  still  are  among  the  most  important  residents 
of  that  town.  At  the  time  that  Samuel  Oviatt  Sr.  came,  the 
tribe  of  Indians  who  had  treated  with  Moses  Cleaveland  at 
Conneaut  had  a  little  village  on  the  Mahoning.  Their  chief, 
Paqua,  was  with  them.     Tliey  were  friendly,  but  annoyed  the 


lUSTOHY   OF  TKU.AIBrLL  COIN'rV  403 

settlers  by  (-oiistaiitly  lieggin.ii'  for  whiskey  and  powilcr.  When 
the  trouble  with  tlie  Indians  at  J)eerlield  oecnrrech  at  which 
time  a  man  by  the  name  of  Devine  was  made  l)lind  ))y  the  sliot 
from  an  Indian,  this  village  was  abandoned  and  here  was 
found  one  of  the  kettles  which  had  been  used  at  Salt  S|trini;s 
for  the  making-  of  salt.  The  Braeeville  Indians  had  u>pd  it  for 
making  maple  sugar. 

In  ISll  Comfort  Stowe  and  his  wife,  Kaehel  Woodwin,  ar- 
rived in  Braeeville  with  nine  children.  This  family  was  long 
identified  with  the  township  through  the  <'hildi-en  and  grand- 
children. Their  great-grandson,  Hobart  Ij.  Taft.  now  icsides 
on  this  homestead  land. 

In  1812  Fowler  Merwin,  who  with  his  wife,  ]\Iercy  .lolin- 
son,  had  gone  to  Braeeville  in  1807,  ran  for  justice  of  the  peace 
against  Solomon  Oviatt.  This  election  was  set  aside  after  Mer- 
win had  been  declared  elected,  on  the  ground  that  he  was  the 
clerk  of  the  election.  The  following  month.  May,  another  elec- 
tion was  had,  when  Oviatt  was  declared  elected.  This  election 
was  likewise  set  aside.  Of  course,  such  a  contest  as  this  made 
bitter  feeling  between  the  families  who  had  resided  in  Goshen, 
Connecticut.  On  the  Fourth  of  July,  the  third  election  was 
held  and  the  people  took  hold  of  the  matter  fairly  and  elected 
Robert  Freeman.  He  was  the  father  of  the  first  settler,  Ralph, 
and  a  brother  of  Francis.  lie  was  not  only  the  first  .iustice  of 
the  peace  of  the  townshiji,  )mt  he  was  the  first  person  to  die. 
He  was  buried  on  the  Freeman  farm  and  later  interred  in  the 
township  cemetery.  This  cemetery  was  laid  out  in  1812,  and 
Saber  Lane,  wife  of  Isaac  Lane,  who  died  in  January,  18i;i,  was 
the  first  person  buried  therein. 

Harriet  Cleaveland  Taft,  a  niece  of  Moses  Cleaveland, 
whose  father,  Camden,  settled  in  Liberty,  married  Auren  P. 
Taft  and  settled  in  Braeeville.  She  and  her  daughter,  r)live. 
are  now  living  on  the  old  Taft  homestead. 

Among  the  residents  of  Braeeville  who  are  well  known 
citizens  of  Cleveland  now  is  Frederick  L.  Taft,  Avho  was  born 
there  in  1870.  His  father,  Newton  A.  Taft,  was  of  the  same 
family  as  President  Taft,  and  his  mother  was  Laura  A.  Hum- 
phrey. Judge  Birchard,  of  Warren,  was  his  great-uncle.  He 
graduated  from  the  Xewton  Falls  ITnion  schools,  attended  Cin- 
cinnati Law  School  and  was  admitted  when  he  was  21.  He  be- 
gan practice  in  Cleveland,  was  appointed  city  solicitor  in  1898; 
in  190(3  he  was  atipointed  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 


404:  HISTOEY  OF  THl'-MBI'LL  COUXTY 

to  fill  a  vaeaucy.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Eepublican  con- 
veution  of  1908  which  nominated  AVilliam  II.  Taft. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  N.  D.  C'hipman,  educated  jieople,  moved  to 
Braceville  in  1835.  They  had  no  children  of  their  own,  but 
they  took  eight  young  girls  at  different  times  into  their  family. 
Some  of  these  were  given  exceptional  education.  They  also 
assisted  three  young  men  to  prepare  for  college. 

]\Iartha  Hedges,  who  was  born  in  Canaan,  Connecticut,  came 
with  her  parents  to  Braceville  in  1836.  She  was  a  successful 
school  teacher  and  married  Mr.  Alfred  Elwell  of  AVarren. 
Their  wedding  trip  was  taken  to  a  National  Suffrage  Conven- 
tion in  Akron.  They  resided  in  AVarren  for  many  years.  Mrs. 
Elwell  was  a  great  helpmeet  to  Mr.  Elwell  and  she  laughingly 
tells  how  she  made  his  clothes,  coats  and  all,  when  they  lived  in 
Warren.  Mrs.  Elwell,  in  later  life,  when  she  and  her  husband 
were  very  prosperous  financially,  and  lived  in  Willoughliy,  was 
the  president  of  the  Ohio  Woman  Suffrage  Association.  Even 
at  this  date  she  retains  a  little  of  her  New  England  accent  and 
speaks  of  woman's  suft'rage  as  if  it  were  spelled  w-o-r-m-a-n 
suffrage.  Her  husband,  Alfred,  died  a  few  years  ago,  after  a 
long  and  tedious  illness  from  paralysis. 

The  first  hotel  was  built  in  1816,  and  kept  by  Aaron  Stowe, 
who  also  had  charge  of  the  postofRce.  He  was  postmaster  until 
1850.  This  building  stood  where  John  Barkley's  house  now 
stands.  AVhen  the  new  building  went  U]>,  it  was  moved  one-half 
mile  west  of  the  center. 

The  first  mail  carrier  in  Braceville,  going  from  Cleveland 
to  Warren  was  Erastus  Lane.  He  brought  the  news  of  Hull's 
surrender. 

The  first  school  of  Braceville  at  the  center  was  of  logs,  and 
built  in  1812.  Laiira  A.  Humphrey  Taft,  the  historian  for  the 
township  of  Braceville  of  the  Memorial  to  Pioneer  Women  of 
the  Western  Beserve,  says:  "Oliver  Humphrey,  while  hauling 
a  load  of  goods  to  Cleveland,  broke  his  wagon,  and  going  to  a 
little  log  house  for  assistance,  found  it  was  a  school-house.  The 
teacher  was  Mercy  Anna  Birchard,  a  sister  of  Judge  Mathew 
Birehard,  who  was  teaching  the  first  regularly  organized  school 
in  Windham.  He  (Hum]7hrey)  was  so  pleased  with  the  appear- 
ance of  the  young  teacher  that  he  pursuaded  Samuel  Oviatt, 
the  director  with  whom  he  boarded,  to  engage  her  for  the  winter 
school.  They  were  married  in  1815."  One  of  the  early  teachers 
was    Miss   T.ucy   Humphrey,   who  journeyed   from   Connecticut 


HISTORY  OF  TKU-AIBULL  COrXTY  405 

to  Farmingtoii  to  visit  her  sister,  Mrs.  Daniel  Taft.  She  mar- 
ried Nonnaii  Stowe.  Among  the  other  teachers  were  Martha 
Hedges,  Mrs.  Harriet  Marsh,  Miss  Griswold,  Miss  Barnes,  Miss 
Lane.  The  children  of  Braceville,  today,  do  not  have  to  wade 
throxTgh  snow  and  mnd  in  imbroken  forests  to  schoolhouses. 
They  have  the  advantage  of  the  schools  of  Newton  Falls,  and 
of  course  some  district  schools  still  exist  for  the  cliihlren  of 
the  lower  grades. 

The  first  religious  organization  in  Braceville  was  called  the 
Bible  Christian  church.  Its  services  were  held  at  the  center 
log  schoolhouse.  Father  Boss  led  this  body  and  his  followers 
were  known  locally  as  Eossites.  In  1812  Eev.  William  Penn 
preached  in  the  schoolhouse  and  organized  a  Presbyterian 
society.  This  church  grew  and  a  church  edifice  was  built, 
finally  was  disorganized,  and  the  building  was  used  for  some 
time  as  a  town  hall.  In  1814  Comfort  Stowe  was  clerk  and 
deacon  of  the  organized  Congregational  church.  Meetings  were 
held  in  the  schoolhouse  with  occasional  pi'eaching.  In  1835 
a  house  was  erected ;  in  183(3  twejity-seven  members  were  added 
at  the  time  of  revival,  and  the  next  year  Rev.  Selden  Haines, 
whose  work  as  teacher  and  lawyer  is  mentioned  elsewhere, 
served  one  year  as  minister.  The  Abolition  question  disrupted 
the  church  and  in  1876  the  property  was  sold  and  the  fund 
loaned  to  the  American  Missionary  Society. 

In  1816  a  Methodist  class  was  organized  and  Hervey  Stowe 
became  class  leader,  and  later  a  new  church  organization  was 
pei-fected.  His  home  was  the  home  of  the  Methodist  ministers 
for  sixty  years.  In  his  house  regular  preaching  was  had  for 
twenty  years  and  he  led  the  congregational  singing  for  twenty- 
five  years.  Surely  the  Methodist  body  is  indebted  to  this 
devoted  churchman.  The  first  ^lethodist  church  was  a  large 
house  of  logs.  Hervey  Stowe  and  Hei'vey  Allen  made  a  trip 
to  Pittsburg  for  the  glass  and  nails  for  this  building.  The 
house  was  occupied  until  1838.  when  a  new  one  was  built,  which 
was  remodeled  in  1874. 

The  United  Brethren  organized  in  1857.  Their  first  meet- 
ings were  held  in  the  old  schoolhouse  which  occupied  the  same 
ground  as  the  schoolhouse  on  Eagle  Creek.  The  i^resent  building 
was  dedicated  in  1875. 

The  Christian  Church  had  preaching  half  the  time  in  1867- 
68.  In  1869  Eev.  J.  N.  Smith  held  a  series  of  meetings  at 
Braceville  Center  with  good  result.     Converts  were  baptised 


40G  HISTORY  OF  TliUMBULL  COUXTY 

in  the  ]\Ialiouiug  river.  The  question  of  organizing  a  church 
■was  taken  up,  and  on  January  31,  1869,  the  church  was  organ- 
ized. Tlie  early  ministers  gave  part  time  only  and  had  little 
salary.  In  lS7-i  it  was  decided  to  build  a  church.  It  was  erected 
that  summer  and  is  now  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

The  patrons  of  the  Cleveland  Division  of  the  Erie  Eailroad 
remember  the  station  Phalanx.  In  1846  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  persons  formed  a  colony  and  settled  in  the  northwest  por- 
tion of  the  township.  They  erected  a  large  house  in  which 
schools,  church,  and  meetings  could  be  held.  They  also  erected 
a  number  of  log  cabins.  They  all  worked,  keeping  their  time, 
and  dividing  the  profits  equally.  Like  all  such  communities  it 
was  short  lived,  lasting  only  four  years.  Tradition  has  it  that 
it  was  called  Phalanx  because  the  houses  were  close  together 
and  reminded  one  of  soldiers.  When  this  community  was  doing 
business  it  was  a  lively  place  with  its  mills,  store,  etc. 

No  history  of  Braceville  could  be  written  without  mention 
of  two  things  which  every  writer  has  noticed,  the  tornado,  and 
the  battle  of  the  snakes.  Howe,  the  historian,  gives  an  account 
of  the  latter  in  which  he  says  that  Mr.  Oviatt,  an  old  gentleman, 
having  been  informed  that  a  number  of  rattlesnakes  were  in  a 
certain  tract  of  the  wilderness,  after  asking  a  number  of  ques- 
tions as  to  whetlier  there  was  a  ledge  and  a  spring  in  the 
vicinity,  planned  to  go  fo  the  spot  about  the  last  of  May  and 
"have  some  sport."  Armed  with  sticks,  forked  and  straight, 
they  proceeded  to  the  ground.  In  a  few  moments  they  were 
surrounded  by  rattlesnakes.  The  fight  began,  the  snakes  beat 
a  retreat,  and  when  they  reached  the  top  of  the  hill,  the  ledge 
was  fairly  covered  with  them.  The  same  were  collected  in 
heaps  and  they  were  found  to  number  486.  Some  of  them  were 
as  large  as  a  man's  leg  below  the  calf,  and  five  feet  in  length. 
They  were  rattlesnakes  and  black  snakes.  After  this  adventure 
men  from  adjoining  towmships  visited  these  grounds  until 
eventually  the  snakes  were  all  made  away  with. 

The  tornado  is  usually  written  up  from  papers  left  by 
Franklin  E.  Stowe.  This  destructive  wind  storm  occurred  on 
the  23rd  of  July.  1860.  Two  clouds  were  noticed,  one  going 
south  and  the  other  east.  AVlien  they  came  together,  a  dark 
Ijody  seemed  to  fall,  which  swept  over  a  certain  territory  as  far 
as  Pittsburg.  The  wind  twisted  off  great  trees,  lifted  barns, 
destroyed  houses,  killed  people  and  animals.  The  railroad  sta- 
tion, and  a  grocerj^  store  of  Lucius  Wood,  the  station  agent, 


HISTORY  OF  TRU3fBULL  COUXTY  407 

were  laised  several  hundred  feet  higii,  revolved  together  and 
went  all  to  pieces.  The  station  had  freight  in  it,  one  being  a 
box  of  hardware,  containing  bolts,  buckles,  etc.  One  bolt  was 
found  stuck  in  a  tree  to  the  depth  of  an  inch  a  mile  and  a  half 
from  the  starting  place.  A  handsaw  was  carried  a  mile.  A 
freight  car  ah'eady  loaded,  standing  on  the  track,  was  totally 
demolished;  another  car  was  carried  five  hundred  feet  and 
splintered  all  to  pieces.  Seven  himdred  dollars,  which  was  in 
the  express  office,  was  blown  away  and  never  found.  In  some 
houses,  William  Benedict's,  for  instance,  the  I'oof  was  blown 
ofi,  rails  and  boards  were  fastened  into  the  siding,  while  the 
clothing-  in  draws  was  carried  completely  away  and  never  found. 
The  line  of  the  storm  went  down  the  Mahoning,  struck  the  cor- 
ner of  Lordstown  and  Warren.  "Wlien  it  reached  the  lower  part 
of  Trmnbull  County  it  began  to  rise,  and  as  it  rose  all  sorts 
of  debris  were  dropped.  The  number  of  killed  and  injured 
was  not  known,  but  for  many  3'ears  thereafter  children  who 
went  to  Braceville  on  the  railroad  and  saw  the  grocery  which 
arose  on  the  sight  of  the  old  one.  were  filled  with  awe  and 
rejoiced  when  the  train  was  out  of  the  town. 


CHAPTER  XXX.— BAZETTA. 

Bazetta  and  the  County  Seat. — First  Settlers. — First 

Orchard. — BACoNSBrRG  or  Cortland. — Schools 

and  Churches. 

Bazetta  is  the  central  township  of  Trumbull  County.  For 
that  reason,  in  the  contention  for  the  county  seat,  geograph- 
ically, its  claim  was  good.  But,  as  Warren  was  very  near  it, 
people  thought  if  there  was  to  be  a  change  at  all,  it  should  be 
more  of  a  change. 

"When  the  Connecticut  Land  Company  was  formed  provi- 
sion was  made  for  the  sale  of  a  certain  number  of  acres,  and 
if  there  should  be  an  excess  it  was  to  go  to  a  company  formed 
for  the  purpose  of  receiving  it.  Such  a  comjoany  had  existed 
in  the  survey  of  a  tract  in  New  Yoi'k  state  and  the  financial 
result  had  been  satisfactory.  However,  instead  of  there  being 
more  ■  land  in  the  New  Connecticut  than  was  supposed,  there 
was  less.  The  survey,  as  we  have  seen  in  the  early  chapters, 
was  not  very  accurate.  David  Huntington,  Nathaniel  Shalor, 
Samuel  P.  Lord,  Sylvester  Mather  and  Eichard  McCurdy  bought 
the  township  of  Bazetta.  The  sui-vey  showed  this  land  to  con- 
tain 17,247  acres.  But,  when  a  re-survey  was  made  it  was  found 
there  was  275  acres  more  than  the  sui-vey  showed.  This  was 
very  gratifying  to  the  proprietors,  and  in  1802  the  land  was 
divided  off  into  lots.  The  Mosquito  Creek  runs  through  this 
township  and  one  or  two  other  small  creeks.  It  is  a  fertile  and 
a  prosperous  township,  although  it  was  not  settled  as  early  as 
some  others  because  of  the  speculative  natures  of  the  pro- 
prietors. 

The  first  settlers  were  Edward  Schofield,  John  Budd  and 
their  families,  who  had  resided  in  Hubbard.  They  had  to  cut 
their  way  through  the  woods.  They  were  soon  followed  bj^ 
Henry  K.  Hulse,  Josejih  Purden,  John  Godden,  Joshua  Oatley, 
Moses  Hampton,  and  their  families.  William  Davis  was  from 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania.     A  Mrs.   Dixon,  a  widow 

408 


IIISTOHY  OF  TlU;:\lP.rLL  CorXTY  409 

with  a  large  family,  was  also  among  the  early  settlers. 

When  the  war  of  1812  came  on  Henry  Hulse,  Benjamin 
Eowlee,  Constant  Kowlee,  James  Dixon,  Walter  Dixon,  William 
Davis,  and  Samuel  Tanner  went  to  the  defense  of  their  countr>'. 
Most  of  these  went  as  far  as  Sandusky,  where  they  had  a  skir- 
mish with  the  Indians.  When  William  Dixon  got  to  Cleveland 
he  was  allowed  to  turn  back  because  of  the  needs  of  his  family. 
Walter  Dixon  was  wounded,  but  recovered.  It  just  happened 
that  when  these  men  were  called  their  oats  were  ready  to  cut. 
The  women,  taking  their  babies  into  the  tield,  left  them  in  the 
shade  of  the  wood  to  be  cared  for  by  older  children,  while  they 
cut  and  harvested  the  grain.  When  their  huslmnds  returned 
they  found  the  work  well  done. 

Bazetta  was  not  unlike  the  other  townships  in  that  the  first 
houses  were  of  logs,  with  no  floors,  or  at  best  puncheoned,  no 
doors  and  no  windows.  Wolves  carried  off  their  sheep,  killed 
their  cattle,  while  bears  feasted  on  their  fattened  pork.  Deer 
and  wild  turkey  were  common.  Buckwheat  fields  had  to  be 
watched  lest  the  turkeys  carry  olf  the  grain.  Although  in  many 
places  we  read  that  clothes  were  made  of  buckskin,  Aaron  Davis, 
who  wrote  up  this  township  in  1875  for  the  Historical  Collec- 
tion of  Mahoning  County,  in  speaking  of  the  deerskin,  says : 
"The  material  used  for  dressing  the  skins  was  the  animals 
brains,  prepared  by  being  mixed  in  warm  water,  and  being- 
rubbed  imtil  it  assumed  the  appeai'ance  of  thick  soapsuds.  The 
hair  having  been  loosened  by  soaking  the  hide  in  water, 
the  hair,  grain,  and  flesh  is  removed  by  laibbing  with  something- 
like  a  currier's  knife.  The  skin  is  then  allowed  to  remain  in 
brain  water  for  some  time ;  after  which  it  is  taken  out  and 
stretched,  pulled,  and  rubbed  until  it  assumes  that  porous, 
spongy,  and  peculiar  feeling  to  the  touch  found  only  in  Irack- 
skin." 

The  first  orchard  planted  in  Bazetta  was  that  of  William 
Davis,  Sr.,  who  came  in  1811.  His  wife  was  a  granddaughter 
of  General  Stark  of  the  Revolutionary  war,  her  name  being- 
Ann  Luce.  Mrs.  Davis  was  a  woman  of  strong  character.  Her 
husband  was  an  invalid  for  some  years,  dying  in  1860,  and  she 
not  only  performed  her  duty,  but  part  of  his,  took  care  of  her 
own  children,  and  inspired  them  with  courage  to  clear  the  home- 
stead. She,  like  many  other  of  the  pioneer  women,  gave  home 
to  other  children,  in  this  case,  three.  She  lived  to  be  nearly 
a  hundred  vears  old. 


410  IIISTOKY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUNTY 

lu  1816  Samuel  Bacon  and  family  came  to  Bazetta  from 
AVarreii.  It  seems  strange  that  few  of  the  early  families  of  this 
township  were  from  the  far  east.  Mr.  Bacon  exchanged  his 
Warren  property  for  the  mill  property  of  Benton  &  Brooks, 
which  he  or  his  family  operated  until  1850.  The  upper  dam  on 
the  river  was  built  about  1829;  the  grist  mill  was  built  by  Mr. 
Schofield  about  1812.  The  Bacons  were  good  business  men  and 
before  long  a  hamlet  spruug  up  about  their  land  which  has  con- 
tinued to  grow.  It  was  known  as  Baconsburg.  In  1829  Enos 
Bacon,  son  of  Samuel,  opened  the  first  store  there. 

The  Erie  Railroad,  when  it  was  the  A.  &  G.  W.,  named  the 
station  Cortland.  The  author  of  this  history  has  not  been  able 
to  learn  why  the  township  was  called  Bazetta,  nor  why  the  town 
■was  called  Cortland.  It  was  incorporated  in  1824  and  Asa  Hine 
was  the  mayor. 

The  family  of  Posts  were  among  the  early  settlers. 

The  first  sehoolhouse  in  Bazetta  stood  in  Coi'tland  on  Wal- 
nut Creek.  It  was  made  of  unhewn  logs.  The  windows  were 
of  paper  oiled  with  bears'  grease;  they  were  a  little  unusual 
because  they  were  the  leaves  taken  from  copy  books,  and  were 
an  abstraction  for  the  scholars  because  the  different  kinds  of 
writing  as  well  as  the ,  original  copy,  usually  a  proverb, 
could  be  plainly  seen.  The  writing  desks  in  this  building  were 
made  by  boring  holes  in  the  wall,  driving  in  wooden  pegs,  and 
lajang  boards  thereon.  In  1814  this  building  was  replaced  by  a 
new  one  built  on  the  same  plan.  Cortland  high  school  was 
established  by  the  special  act  of  the  legislature  and  was  opened 
in  1877.  Women  were  elected  to  the  school  board  of  this  village 
almost  as  soon  as  the  school  law  was  passed.  R.  D.  Leffing-well 
is  the  present  superintendent. 

The  first  church  organized  in  the  township  was  at  East 
Bazetta.  This  was  about  the  year  1820  and  the  denomination 
was  Baptist.  The  charter  members  were  James  and  Dorcas 
Boweu,  William  and  Anne  Davis,  Samuel  and  Rachel  Headley, 
Samuel  and  Rachel  Bacon.  They  were  originally  members  of 
the  Concord  Baptist  church  at  Warren.  ]\rembers  were  soon 
added  to  this  Ijody,  until  they  had  a  membership  of  forty-four. 
Meetings  were  held  in  private  houses  and  sometimes  in  the 
sehoolhouse.  Edward  Schofield,  the  pioneer,  was  among  the 
leaders  of  this  society  and  sometimes  preached  for  them.  Like 
the  church  at  Warren  this  became  a  Disciple  organization. 
This  Christian  church  was  organized  by  Thomas  Campbell  in 


(Loaneil  by  N.    A.    Cowdrey.) 

CORTLAND    CHRISTIAN    CHURCH. 


HLSTOltY  OF  TIJUMBULL  COLWTY  411 

182S.  There  were  twenty-eight  charter  members.  The  official 
board  consisted  of  Elders  Samuel  Bacon,  Samuel  Hoadly,  and 
Asher  Coburn;  Deacons,  James  Bowen,  and  A.  ^Y.  Coburu. 
The  "occasional  preachers"  for  some  years  after  the  organiza- 
tion were  Adamson  Bentley,  Marcus  Bosworth,  Jolm  Apple- 
gate,  A.  B.  Green,  William  Hayden,  Jonas  Hartzell,  J.  L.  Lam- 
phere,  John  Henry.  The  pastors  in  succession  have  been  Har- 
vey Brockett,  John  T.  Philliits,  Calvin  Smith,  James  Calvin, 
ay".  S.  AVintield,  Clark  Braden,  AY.  B.  Goodrich,  AY.  S.  Hayden, 
Orrin  Gates,  E.  AYaketield,  J.  AI.  Alouroe,  C.  P.  Cone,  1).  C. 
Hanselman,  I.  A.  Thayer,  R.  T.  Davis,  Peter  A'ogle,  E.  A.  Bos- 
worth, D.  P.  Thayer.  C.  AI.  (31iphaut,  A.  Baker,  J.  Mann,  G.  AV. 
Moore,  AV.  H.  Smith,  S.  C.  Pierce,  B.  AI.  Derthick  and  Jas. 
Egbert,  the  present  pastor.  The  present  official  board  consists 
of  Elders  N.  A.  Cowderv,  E.  C.  Faunce,  M.  B.  Halstead,  H.  L. 
Dray;  Deacons,  H.  G.  Bacon,  E.  E.  Barnes,  L.  E.  Post,  A.  B. 
Cowdrey,  AV.  B.  Galley,  J.  L.  Bucher. 

The  date  of  the  erection  of  the  iirst  small  wooden  church  in 
Cortland  is  not  known.  It  stood  on  the  south  side  of  Alain 
street,  where  E.  A.  Sigler's  residence  now  is.  It  was 
moved  from  that  spot,  used  as  an  academy,  later  purchased  by 
Air.  John  Johnson,  and  moved  back  onto  Alain  street.  Here  the 
Cortland  Herald  office  was  imtil  it  burned.  In  1850.  on  the 
])resent  church  lot,  a  larger  but  plain  building  was  constructed. 
In  1874  it  was  remodeled,  at  an  expense  of  $4,500,  and  is  the 
]iresent  church  building.  The  parsonage  which  adjoins  it  was 
built  in  1898  and  cost  $1,800.  These  buildings  stand  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Alill  and  Grove  streets.  The  present  memberslii]i  of  the 
church  is  about  200. 

The  first  meeting  held  by  the  Presbyterians  in  Bazetta  was 
in  1841.  At  this  meeting  the  subject  of  building  a  house  of  wor- 
ship was  discussed  and  decided  upon  favorably.  Nathan  Lattin 
donated  the  land  for  the  church  at  the  center.  This  society 
was  incorporated  in  1842  under  the  name  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian and  CongTegational  Church  Society. 

The  Alethodist  church  of  Cortland  was  organized  in  18-35 
with  J.  J.  Steadman  and  E.  Burkett  as  the  first  preachers.  The 
Rev.  Air.  Steadman  was  one  of  the  strongest  men  intellectually 
in  this  vicinity.  T\".  AI.  Oatley  was  first  class  leader.  The  first 
church,  built  in  1840,  stood  on  the  hill  just  beyond  where  the 
]iresent  creamery  stands.  It  occupied  this  position  for  twenty 
years,  then  if  was  removed  to  the  site  of  the  present  church. 


412  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBI'LL  COUXTY 

111  1880  it  took  another  journey,  this  time  to  Park  avenue, 
and  is  now  known  as  Grange  Hall.  A  new  brick  church  was 
built  at  that  time,  of  which  Rev.  J.  E.  Cope  is  the  pastor.  The 
parsonage  was  built  in  1867. 


CHAPTER  XXXI.— BLOOMFIELD. 


First  Peopeietors. — Grand  Eiver  axd  Bloomfield  Swamps. — 

Feeey  Family. — A  Pioxeee  Dog. — Mex  and 

Women  of  Note. —  Brown  Family. — 

Schools  and  Churches. 

Peter  Chardon  Brooks,  of  Boston,  was  the  owner  of  the 
land  now  known  as  Bloomlield.  He  sold  it  to  Ei»liraim  Brown 
of  West  Morelaud,  New  Hampshire,  and  Thomas  Howe  of 
Williamstowu,  Vermont,  in  1814.  Brown  and  Howe  were 
nephew  and  nnele.  They  had  been  in  business  together.  Event- 
nally,  Howe  sold  ont  to  Brown,  reserving  one  thousand  acres 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  township  for  himself.  Although 
Bloomfield  was  settled  by  able  people,  Brown  is  the  best  known 
early  citizen  because  of  his  ability,  his  wealth  and  his  pul)lic 
spirit.  Bloomfield  is  a  fertile  township  and  its  citizens  have 
always  been  pros]ierons. 

In  the  early  days,  in  connection  with  Bloomtield  we  always 
heard  of  the  Grand  River  and  the  Bloomtield  swamps.  The 
Grand  River  at  certain  times  of  year  allowed  the  emigrants  to 
paddle  up  it  as  far  as  Alesopotamia.  But,  of  late  years,  it  is 
hardly  mentioned  in  Trum))ull  County  except  when  a  few  hope- 
ful fishermen  patrol  its  lianks  louging  for  an  occasional  bite. 
The  word  "swamp"  drove  terror  to  the  hearts  of  most  chil- 
dren, because  there  were  dreadful  tales  told  of  men  and  ani- 
mals getting  into  quicksand  and  being  drawn  down  to  death. 
In  the  early  days,  the  Bloomfield  swamp,  in  some  places,  could 
not  be  crossed  even  by  horses,  but  now  these  swamps  are  so 
drained  that  in  some  seasons  of  the  year  there  is  no  sugges- 
tion of  swam]!.  In  the  early  days,  huckleberries  and  whortle- 
berries were  found  in  great  abundance  here  and  here  ]iigeons 
flocked  in  great  numbers  and  were  killed  for  food.  People  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  country  often  saw  large  flocks  going 
over  to  the    Bloomfield    swamjis.     The    disappearance  of  the 

413 


414  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

water,  and  consequently  of  the  linckleberry,  together  with  the 
work  of  the  hiinter,  lias  made  the  Bloomtiekl  pigeon  a  rare 
bird. 

S.  E.  Ensign  of  llesopotaniia  surveyed  the  towns! lip  for 
Howe  and  Brown,  and  divided  it  into  lots.  It  was  called  West 
Moreland,  undoubtedly  because  West  Moreland  was  Mr. 
Brown's  home  town  iu  New  Hampshire. 

The  tirst  settler  was  Ljinan  Perry  of  Brooktield,  who  came 
in  1815.  He  reached  the  township  after  six  weeks'  travel.  He 
came  as  many  other  settlers  did,  by  sled  as  far  as  possible, 
hnishing  up  the  trip  by  wagon.  He  had  with  him  a  man  helper 
with  wife  and  three  children.  There  was  not  a  road  then  iu 
the  township,  nor  a  house  between  Rome  and  Bristol.  The 
family  therefore  went  into  a  deserted  cabin  in  Bristol.  Mr. 
Ferry,  the  man,  and  Mr.  Ferry's  son  put  up  a  cabin  into  which 
the  family  moved.  As  related  iu  the  other  part  of  this  work 
very  often  there  was  no  fireplace  in  these  early  cabins  and 
cooking  was  done  outside,  by  the  side  of  a  chestnut  log.  It  was 
too  cold  at  this  time  of  year  to  cook  by  a  log  outside,  and  so  they 
built  their  lire  next  to  the  green  logs  inside,  their  chimney  being 
a  hole  in  the  roof.  When  the  logs  began  to  burn  they  piled  up 
stones  to  protect  that  end  of  the  house.  Here  they  lived  and 
worked  imtil  the  spring  came. 

Mrs.  Ferry  Avas  the  tirst  white  woman  to  enter  the  town. 

In  tlie  s]iring  of  1816  a  number  of  settlers  came  to  Bloom- 
field  to  clear  their  land  and  put  up  their  cabins,  and  Mrs.  Ferry 
not  only  took  care  of  her  own  family  but  cooked  for  twenty 
others.     Her  granddaughter  says  : 

"I  can  remember  hearing  my  grandmother  tell  how 
during  the  first  year  in  Bloomtield  she  was  asked  to  do 
the  work  for  twenty,  including  her  own  family.  The  sup- 
per was  corn-meal  nmsh  and  milk,  served  hot  from  the 
iron  kettle,  dished  out  with  what  she  called  a  puddin' 
stick,  the  onlj^  variation  of  the  meal  being  the  dishes  in 
which  it  was  eaten.  The  boarders  were  arranged  on 
benches  around  the  room,  while  basins,  tin  cups,  pans  and 
pails  were  brought  into  requisition  to  augment  the  limited 
supply  of  bowls.  Occasionally  when  they  could  afford  it, 
thick  Orleans  molasses  was  poured  over  the  mush  as  a 
crowning  dessert." 


■      HISTORY  OF  TKU.MBUI.L  ((UN'IY  -115 

The  womeu  slept  in  the  lower  part  of  the  cabin  while  the 
luen  crawled  \\\)  the  ladder  and  slept  soundly  on  the  Hoor. 
Mrs.  Ferry  lived  to  ))e  ninety  yeni's  okl.  They  had  seven  chil- 
dren who  lived  in  this  vicinity. 

Mehitalde  Howe,  the  sister  of  Thomas  Howe  and  the  aunt 
of  P^iihraini  Brown,  was  the  lirst  to  die  in  Bloomfield.  Her 
daughter,  Harriet,  was  the  tirst  white  child  horn  in  the  county. 
She  never  married,  and  lived  until  1862.  The  lirst  marria.iie 
was  that  of  Jolm  Weed  and  Jemima  Bigelow. 

In  Thoinas  Howe's  family  there  was  Udt  a  death  anioni;,' 
the  children  until  the  yoinigest  was  forty-six  years  old.  .Vn 
old  story  worth  repeating  is  that  of  tlie  dog,  Argus,  who  ac- 
companied the  early  settlers  in  1815.  The  dog  either  l>ecame 
tired,  dissatisiied  or  was  stolen  iu  New  York  state.  When  ^Ir. 
Howe  was  going  through  that  place  some  months  later,  he  sa\\' 
the  dog  and  claimed  it.  The  landlord  said  he  had  raised  him 
from  a  pup.  Whereupon  ^Ir.  Howe  ordered  Argus  into  his 
cutter,  told  him  to  watch  it,  and  then  dared  the  landlord  to 
take  anything  from  the  cutter.  The  dog  stood  guard  and  did 
not  allow  the  landlord  to  come  near  him,  and  proceeded  with 
his  master. 

In  181.J  William  Crowell,  Israel  Proctor,  Samuel  East- 
man, David  C'omstoek  walked  from  A'ermout  to  Bloomfield. 
David  Comstock  was  noted  as  heing  the  best  wood-chopper  of 
the  township. 

The  first  justice  of  the  i)eace  was  .Tared  Kimball,  who 
lived  north  of  the  center. 

Aaron  Smith,  who  arrived  in  ]81(i,  built  the  first  frame 
building  in  the  townshi]!.  It  was  afterwards  removed  to 
Bristof. 

John  Bellows,  one  of  the  early  settlers,  made  bricks  which 
were  used  in  the  construction  of  some  of  the  early  chimneys. 

Mr.  Proctoi',  another  early  settler,  married  Betsey  Hunt- 
ington, a  sister  of  Mrs.  Ephraim  Brown. 

In  some  of  the  early  townshi))s  were  settlements  of  Cfer- 
maus,  in  others,  Scotch,  but  the  foreigners  who  settled  in 
Bloomfield  were  English. 

The  township  was  organized  in  1816  and  the  first  officers 
were  elected  at  the  liouse  of  Plphraim  Brown. 

Thomas  Howe  did  not  move  his  family  to  Bloomfield  until 
1817,  his  wife  and  five  children  coming  with  liim.  She  was 
a  woman  of  verv  benevolent  nature.     He  was  a  member  of  the 


41{i  HTSTOHY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY 

Ohio  legislature  and  he  lived  to  be  more  than  eighty.  His  chil- 
dren were  identified  more  or  less  with  Bloomfield,  Dr.  G.  W. 
being  one  of  the  early  teachers  and  later  a  doctor  for  forty- 
fonr  years.  He  was  surgeon  for  three  years  in  the  war  of  the 
Bebellion  and  his  services  were  especially  commended.  He 
was  twice  elected  to  the  Ohio  legislature.  William  Howe  did 
not  spend  much  of  his  early  life  in  Bloomfield.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  business  in  Pittsburg  and  the  ore  districts  of  Lake 
Superior.  He  was  a  clerk  in  the  provost  office  in  Warren  dur- 
ing the  rebellion.  He  married  Melvina  Flowers  and  had  nine 
children. 

Mrs.  Howe  did  not  like  the  new  country  and  if  it  had  not 
been  for  the  care  of  her  large  family  she  would  have  suffered 
greatly  from  homesickness.  She  used  to  make  a  peculiar  kind 
of  cracker  of  bread  dough  with  butter  pounded  in  which  she 
sent  to  sick  people.  She  was  a  fastidious  housekeeper,  and 
it  is  said  that  whenever  they  wanted  a  cobweb  for  medicinal 
lour^joses  they  never  could  find  one  in  her  house. 

Asa  Works  came  to  Bloomfield  in  1817.  He  lived  but  nine 
years  and  left  four  children.  He  was  a  hatter.  His  son.  Nel- 
son Works,  was  long  identified  with  the  township. 

Mrs.  Works  was  both  father  and  mother  to  her  children. 
It  was  hard  for  pioneers,  when  there  were  men  in  the  family, 
to  do  the  hardest  of  the  work,  Init  of  this  family  of  five,  four 
were  women,  and  still  they  were  able  to  maintain  themselves 
and  the  mother  and  the  son,  Nelson,  who  were  inseparable, 
lived  and  died  on  the  farm  which  they  chose  for  their  home. 
One  daughter,  Mary,  was  a  ]iart  of  this  household.  She  was 
a  school  teacher,  a  tailor,  and  such  a  splendid  nurse  that  her 
services  were  called  for  very  often  among  the  early  settlers. 
Many  of  the  children  born  were  first  dressed  by  her  and  many 
are  those  that  she  dressed  for  the  grave.  She  was  very  small, 
retiring,  but  exceedingly  brave.  She  never  feared  to  go 
where  there  were  contagious  diseases,  and  lived  to  be  sixty- 
five  years  old.  ^lartha  Works  was  left  a  widow  early,  like 
her  mother.  She  too  kept  her  little  family  together.  She  had 
to  incur  debt  in  the  beginning,  but  with  the  assistance  of  her 
children,  she  paid  all  her  obligations  and  her  children  were 
prosperous,  and  so  was  she.  It  is  said  that  on  Sunday  she 
loaded  her  own  children  and  some  of  the  neighbors'  into  an 
open  buggy  and  drove  to  the  center  to  church,  no  matter  what 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  417 

the  weather  was.  This  was  a  ride  of  four  miles.  She  lived 
until  1886. 

Joseph  K.  Wing  was  born  in  Wihnington,  ^'ernlont,  and 
came  to  Bloomliekl  in  1831.  He  married  Maiy,  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Ephraim  and  Maiy  Brown.  He  was  a  merchant, 
was  a  captain  in  the  rebellion,  assistant  quartermaster  of 
United  States  Volunteers,  brevetted  major  and  lieutenant 
colonel.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1869  and  again  in 
1871.  One  of  his  daughters  was  named  for  Julia  King,  who 
married  Charles  Brown. 

Eliza  Knapi)  Haskell  was  one  of  the  early  temperance 
women.  AVe  find  one  or  two  of  these  in  almost  every  town- 
ship. It  is  said  that  she  made  the  first  stand  against  having 
alcohol  at  raisings  in  the  township. 

Delana  Cornell,  who  came  to  Bloomfleld  in  1833,  was  not 
exactly  a  pioneer,  but  she  was  so  staunch  a  citizen  that  she  is 
mentioned  here.  Before  1813  she  was  left  a  widow  with  four 
children,  and  with  splendid  management  and  good  cheer  she 
supported  and  educated  her  family,  preserving  at  the  same 
time  her  keen  sense  of  humor  which  made  her  society  sought 
for  as  long  as  she  lived. 

In  1818  Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  Nathaniel  Goodhue  moved  to 
Bloomfleld  from  Putney,  Vermont.  He  was  a  lawyer,  and 
Bloomfleld  was  not  much  of  a  place  for  lawyers,  so  within  a 
few  years  he  moved  to  Warren.  His  wife,  Sarah  Sargent,  be- 
longed to  a  well  established  family  of  tl*e  east  and  was  an 
unusual  woman.  Her  daughter,  Sarah  S.,  married  Joseph 
Scott,  a  brother  of  James  Scott  of  "Warren.  George  Washing- 
ton attended  the  wedding  of  Nathaniel  Goodhue  and  Sarah 
Sargent,  and  William  McAdoo,  now  living  in  North  Bloom- 
field,  has  the  dress  of  the  bride  and  of  the  groom,  to- 
gether with  many  other  interesting  articles  belonging  to  this 
rather  famous  coujile.  Nancy  C.  Goodhue  married  James  Mc- 
Adoo, July  1,  1840,  and  settled  in  Michigan.  William  McAdoo, 
of  Bloomfleld,  is  their  son,  is  a  banker,  a  prosperous  property 
holder  of  Bloomfleld,  and  lives  on  the  old  road  running  to 
Warren,  just  south  of  the  center.  He  married  [Miss  Wing  for 
a  flrst  wife,  a  niece  of  Miss  Anne  Brown,  and  Miss  Marjory 
Leach  of  Warren,  for  a  second  wife. 

In  1822  John  Smith  came  to  Bloomfleld  and  seven  years 
later  married  Julia  Amie  Wright.  [May  Wright  Sewell.  who 
had  a  classical  school  in  Indianapolis  and  was  identifled  for 


ilS  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

mauj"  years  with  the  National  Suffrage  Association,  was  her 
niece. 

When  Ephraini  Brown  and  Tlionias  Howe  decided  to  come 
into  New  Connecticut,  they  expected  to  take  up  land  near 
Cleveland,  but  the  Cuyahoga  river  and  the  lake  shore  seemed 
so  dreary  that  they  decided  on  Bloomtield.  The  family  came 
in  a  chaise  to  Buffalo,  then  to  Grand  river  in  boats  and  by 
horseback  to  North  Bloomtield.  Mrs.  Brown  felt  very  badly 
about  leaving  the  eastern  couutrj'  because  of  her  home  asso- 
ciates and  because  her  children  would  not  have  the  advant- 
ages of  school.  Her  granddaughter,  Elizabeth  B.  Wing,  says 
of  her: 

"She  showed  great  judgment  in  her  preparation  for 
it  [western  life]  by  bringing  stores  of  useful  articles  not 
obtainable  in  a  new  country,  even  to  a  well  selected  va- 
riety of  medicines  and  simples,  which  in  the  absence  of  a 
physician  in  the  settlement  she  used  with  skill  and  gen- 
erosity. Her  family  w^as  large  and  irregular.  Seekers 
for  land  came  frequently  to  the  place  and  as  there  was  no 
public  house  of  entertainment,  many  strangers  were 
made  welcome  in  her  home." 

She  was  so  homesick  that  when  she  had  been  here  two 
years  she  went  back  to  New  England.  It  was  the  intention 
to  go  from  Fairport  by  boat  but  when  they  found  the  boat  had 
gone,  rather  than  turn  back,  she  went  all  the  way  by  horse- 
back. 

The  old  log  house  which  was  built  for  Ephraim  Brown  in 
1815  was  five  years  later  made  into  a  handsome  home,  and  it 
now  stands  as  it  was  then.  The  bricks  used  in  it  were  brought 
from  Warren.  The  window  frames  are  in  good  condition  and 
hold  the  glass,  with  few  exceptions  which  was  put  in  them  in  the 
beginning.  The  stone  steps,  somewhat  worn,  are  still  in  use. 
At  one  time  it  was  thought  to  change  them,  but  Mr.  Fayette 
Brown  said  too  many  good  friends  had  come  and  gone  over 
those  steps  to  make  any  change  now.  The  house  is  beautifully 
kept.  The  walls  of  the  guest  chamber  are  covered  with  blue 
and  white  paper  which  looks  as  if  it  might  have  been  put  on 
a  year  or  two  ago.  In  reality  it  has  been  on  the  walls  eighty- 
two  years.  The  color  is  a  delft  blue  and  white.  It  was  made 
before  paper  was  manufactured  in  rolls  and  it  was  put  on  in 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COU^"TY  il9 

squares.  The  liaugiugs  are  the  same  color  and  equally  eleau, 
although  they  are  not  quite  so  old  as  the  paper.  The  muslin 
curtains  and  bed  canopy  have  been  replaced  but  they  are  exactly 
the  same  in  style,  shape  and  material  as  the  original.  In  this 
room  are  some  engravings  of  Leicester  and  Mrs.  King  (Charles 
Brown  married  Julia  King)  and  some  Japanese  etchings.  In 
one  of  the  other  chambers  is  a  stove,  one  of  the  tirst  brought 
into  the  county.  It  has  been  used  since  1840  and  shows  no 
signs  of  giving  out. 

Of  the  nine  children  of  Ephraim  and  Mrs.  Brown  but  two 
are  now  living.  Fayette  Brown,  of  Cleveland,  and  Anne  F. 
Brown,  who  lives  in  the  homestead.  Miss  Brown  is  a  charming- 
woman.  She  was  educated  largely  by  her  mother,  went  to 
school  very  little  at  the  early  schools.  The  education  of  her 
children  was  Mrs.  Brown's  greatest  worry,  and  as  soon  as  it 
was  possible  many  of  them  were  sent  away  to  school.  Mary, 
the  oldest  daughter,  went  east  before  Anne  was  born,  and 
the  younger  girl  did  not  see  the  older  until  she  was  two  years 
old.  When  ]\Iary  came  back  she  wanted  Anne  to  go  to  school, 
and  the  child  agreed,  the  older  sister  seating  her  on  top  of  her 
desk  with  her  back  to  the  teacher.  The  little  girl  said  she  was 
willing  to  do  this  because  she  loved  to  look  into  the  face  of  her 
beautiful  sister.  Miss  Browoi  says  she  never  remembers  getting 
tired  of  having  her  mother  read  to  her,  and  that  she  and  her 
brothers  and  sisters  often  got  up  at  four  o'clock  in  the 
morning  in  order  to  have  her  mother  read  imtil  breakfast  time. 

The  Brown  children  had  an  advantage  of  a  peculiar  kind 
of  education,  since  most  of  the  cultivated  visitors  to  this  part 
of  the  country  stayed  with  them  when  passing  through. 
Joshua  R.  Giddings  was  often  in  their  home  and  stopped  there 
on  his  return  to  Washing-ton  after  his  resig-nation.  Mr.  Brown 
was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  house  of  representatives  and  the 
senate.  This  house  was  one  of  the  stations  on  the  underground 
railway,  and  abolition  and  politics  were  talked  here.  ■Meetings 
of  many  kinds  were  held  in  this  house. 

As  the  young-  ladies  grew  up  they  traveled  in  the  east,  and 
for  this  I'eason,  and  because  they  were  of  a  large  family  con- 
nection, Miss  Brown  acquired  the  habit  of  staying  at  home  and 
there  are  many  people  now  living-  in  Bloomiield  who  are  not 
acquainted  with  her.  She,  as  a  child,  visited  the  family  of 
Leicester  King.  It  used  to  be  a  great  pleasiu-e  for  her  to  fill 
Mrs.  King's  footstove,  which  she  carried  across  the  street  to 


4-20  HISTORY  OF  TRUilBULL  COUXTY 

diureli.  She  remembers  the  trundle  bed  in  which  she  slept  in 
the  King  home,  the  cabinet  shop  of  A\Tiite  &  Spear  across  the 
way,  and  that  one  time  when  she  was  a  young  lady  at  the  sea 
shore,  she  was  surprised  to  tind  a  sig-n  hanging  out  from  a  shop 
'•^Yliite  &  Spear."  The  writer  was  astonished  to  find,  on  her 
library  table,  a  copy  of  the  Woman's  Journal.  She  has  taken 
this  from  its  beginning.  She  kept  all  the  numbers,  but  as  maga- 
zines and  periodicals  multiplied,  she  found  she  was  not  able 
to  save  everything,  and  so  offered  these  to  Oberlin  College, 
where  Lucy  Stone  finished  her  education,  although  she  was  not 
allowed  to  read  her  graduating  essay  because  she  was  a  woman, 
The  authorities  were  delighted  to  possess  them  and  they  are 
now  in  the  library. 

The  dining-room  in  the  Brown  homestead  is  spacious,  with 
old  silver,  glass  and  artistic  crayon  pictures  of  Miss  Brown 
and  her  older  sister,  EUzabeth.  These  children  were  taught 
music  in  the  early  day  and  their  piano  was  the  second  one 
brought  into  Trumbull  County.  It  is  still  in  the  possession  of 
the  family,  being  in  the  home  formerly  belonging  to  Mrs.  Wing 
(Mary  Brown).  For  years  Miss  Elizabeth  and  Miss  Anne, 
devoted  to  each  other,  lived  in  this  homestead,  and  it  was  a 
great  blow  to  the  latter  when  the  older  sister  died.  Few  women 
are  so  beautifully  cared  for  as  is  Miss  Brown,  in  these,  her  later 
years.  She  has  a  care-taker,  who  is  a  nurse,  a  friend  who  makes 
her  home  with  her  and  reads  to  her,  two  house  servants,  and 
men  about  the  place.  Although  she  is  right  in  the  heart  of  the 
country,  from  her  library  window  she  can  see  Mesopotamia, 
and  Middlefield  beyond.  Directly  east  of  her  house  is  the  di\dde 
from  which  on  the  north  the  water  flows  into  Lake  Erie,  and 
on  the  south  into  the  Ohio.  A\1ien  she  was  a  child  she  never  grew 
tired  of  having  her  mother  read  to  her,  and  now,  no  one  reads 
to  her  no  matter  how  many  hours  at  a  time  when  she  wishes 
them  to  stop.  She  used  to  drive  to  Warren;  although  there  is 
a  macadam  road  running  in  a  straight  line  fi'oni  the  court 
house  to  her  home,  she  has  not  driven  it  in  many  years.  She 
goes  to  Cleveland  to  visit  her  brother,  her  nieces  and  grand- 
nieces  and  nephews,  but  slie  says  she  is  always  glad  to  be  home 
and  feels  so  thankful  that  her  father  did  not  decide  on  Cleveland 
instead  of  Bloomfield.  She  thinks  that  under  present  conditions 
all  the  organizations  of  the  present  are  necessary,  but  she  has 
never  allied  herself  with  any  of  them  except  the  Forestry  Asso- 
ciation.    She  regrets  the  wanton  destruction  of  the  splendid 


IlISTOKY  01-    TUrMBl'LL  ('OUXTY  421 

forests  of  iiorthorn  Ohio.  In  1S20  lier  father  hrought  a  yumig 
maple  tree  from  Bristol  and  planted  it  in  the  door  yard.  This 
has  been  one  of  the  most  beautiful  trees  in  the  vicinity.  A  few 
years  ago,  when  the  leaves  were  heavy  with  rain,  nearly  one- 
half  of  the  tree  was  blown  oft.  This  scar  has  been  hitely  scrnped 
and  tilled  with  cement. 

Mrs.  Epliraim  Brown  had  a  sister,  Polly,  who  uian-ied 
David  Penniman.  Her  daughter,  Mary,  married  AInsha  Cross 
and  now  resides  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  B.  F.  Pond,  on  Wash- 
ington avenue,  Warren.  Mrs.  Cross  is  now  ninety-three  years 
old  but  retains  her  mental  faculties.  She  has  always  been  a 
student  and  interested  in  progressive  things.  She  was  the 
leading  spirit  in  the  organization  of  the  Woman  Suffrage 
Society  which  existed  in  Warren  in  the  late  '70s.  This  society 
did  not  live  long  because  of  ridicule,  but  its  child  is  the  Political 
E(|uality  Club,  the  largest  and  most  influential  woman's  club 
in  Trumbull  County. 

The  first  schoolhouse  in  Bloomfield  was  made  of  logs  and 
stood  on  the  farm  of  Leman  Ferry.  Here  Chester  Howard 
taught  in  the  winter  of  1817-18.  CSlv.  Howard  was  a  In-other 
of  Mrs.  Thomas  Howe ;  taught  forty-two  winter  and  twenty-six 
summer  terms.)  There  was  a  schoolhouse  built  early  at  the 
center,  but  the  first  school  held  there  was  in  Lewis  Clisby's 
log  cabin,  and  Noah  M.  Green  was  the  teacher.  Elizabeth 
Huntington,  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Ephraim  Brown,  taught  in  this 
same  cabin.  When  Elizabeth  Brown  was  a  little  girl,  two  or 
three  years  old,  her  sister  ^lary  and  her  brothers  took  her  to 
school.  One  day,  as  she  sat  there,  she  became  greatly  frightened 
b}^  seeing  a  pair  of  yellow  eyes,  looking  through  the  cracks  of 
the  flooring  on  the  platform.  These  eyes  turned  out  to  lielong 
to  an  inoffensive  sheep. 

Elizabeth  Huntington  was  long  remembered  by  her  pupils 
with  great  love  and  respect.  She  was  very  thorough  with  her 
classes  in  spelling,  and  other  primary  studies,  and  brought  out 
a  number  of  excei)tionally  good  spellers.  ^^Hien,  in  1823,  .she 
married  Mr.  Proctor,  she  went  to  Baltimore  and  New  York 
Citv  to  live,  but  finally  returned  to  Bloomfield.  where  she  died 
in  1882. 

Among  the  early  teachers  were  Mr.  John  Smith  of  Bloom- 
field, who  was  a  very  strict  disciplinarian;  later,  Clarissa 
Howe,  Sophronia  Otis,  ^liss  Goodhue  (the  aunt  of  J.  S. 
McAdoo),  Samantha  Converse  (afterwards  Mrs.  Dr.  Tlamui  of 


422  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

Cleveland  aud  the  mother  of  Mark  Hanna),  Caroline  Converse, 
Mi8s  Atkins,  Jnlia  Ann  Wright,  "^ho  afterwards  married  John 
Smith,  Almenia  Saiinders,  Adeline  Warner,  Charlotte  Kendell 
(sister-in-law  of  John  Smith),  and  Miss  Ellen  Gates  from  Con- 
nectient,  an  excellent  teacher  of  Latin.  This  list  was  followed 
by  some  others  until  the  late  '50s,  when  the  Eev.  D.  L.  Hickox 
and  his  wife  opened  a  school.  In  1860  George  W.  Andrews  and 
his  wife,  Oberlin  graduates,  taught  five  or  sis  years.  Their 
school  was  most  excellent,  many  pupils  coming  from  neighboring 
townships,  some  even  from  Pittsburg,  Cleveland  and  Massillon, 
to  attend.  Mr.  Hickox  gave  up  teaching  to  study  for  the  minis- 
try, and  for  the  last  thirty-tive  or  forty  years  has  been  at  the 
head  of  the  theological  department  of  Talladega  College  in 
Alabama,  and  for  nine  years  was  acting  president  of  that  insti- 
tution. His  school  was  a  private  one  and  since  his  day  the 
schools  in  Bloomfield  have  not  kept  up  to  his  standard.  In  the 
past  few  years  the  schools  have  had  excellent  teachers  but  there 
are  fewer  pupils  attending  than  formerly.  The  Bloomfield 
schools  are  now  centralized.  There  are  no  district  schools,  and 
there  are  no  scholars  going  to  other  schools.  Mr.  C.  C.  Pierce 
is  su])erintendent  of  schools. 

Three  women  have  been  members  of  the  school  board  of 
Bloomfield:  Mrs.  Hitchcock,  Mrs.  Works,  and  Mrs.  Mary  ^lat- 
son,  who  is  now  clerk. 

Tn  1815  the  Eev.  ^Ir.  Cole,  a  Congregational  preacher,  and 
the  Rev.  ]\rr.  Badger  ]5i'eached  sermons  in  Bloomfield.  Rev. 
Ira  Eddy  preached  in  Mr.  Thayer's  house  in  1817.  The  next 
year  Mr.  Eddy  organized  a  class  of  the  Methodist  chi;rch  in 
Bloomfield.  Charles  Thayer  was  leader  and  there  were  seven- 
teen members.  Interest  after  a  while  died  out,  though  there 
was  occasional  preaching  in  the  first  log  schoolhouse  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  township.  In  1830  interest  revived  and 
Willard  Tyrrill  became  class  leader.  In  1835  a  house  was  built 
by  the  Methodists  and  Congregationalists.  This  was  burned 
in  1852.  Five  years  later  these  two  associations  joined  again 
and  built  a  church  which  is  now  standing. 

The  Congregational  church  was  organized  as  a  Presby- 
terian by  Rev.  Giles  H.  Cole  in  1821.  There  were  four  or  five 
charter  members.  Up  to  1830  there  were  about  twenty-eight 
niem1)ers.  In  1826  Calvin  Clark  and  Asa  Smith  were  deacons. 
Elijah  Ballard  was  chosen  deacon  in  1832.  During  the  early 
years  there  were  a  numlier  of  missionaries  preaching  here  and 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  423 

in  1827  Rev.  Edsou  Hart  was  ordained  pastor.  lu  1859  the 
church  became  Congregational  in  form.  About  this  time  there 
was  a  good  deal  of  change  such  as  this  in  the  Presb\i;erian  and 
Congregational  churches.  Slaveiy  was  the  cause  of  tliis  change. 
The  Congregational  society,  in  conjunction  with  the  Methodists, 
built  a  cliurch,  as  above  stated,  and  sold  their  share  to  the 
^Methodists.  Recently  the  Disciples  and  Congregationalists 
have  shared  their  church  building,  having  purchased  a  part  of 
the  Methodist  church. 

About  1829,  at  a  public  meeting  held  in  Bloomfleld  to  raise 
money  for  a  preacher,  it  was  agreed  to  hold  services  in  the 
center  schoolhouse.  Under  this  agreement  the  Presbyterians 
wei'e  to  have  the  use  of  the  house  one-half  the  time,  the  Baptists 
and  Methodists  one-fourth,  the  Unitai'ians  one-fourth.  Two 
years  before  this,  Benjamin  Alton,  of  Xew  York  state,  had 
settled  in  the  township  and  Ephraim  Brown  hired  him  for  the 
one-fourth  time  allowed  the  Unitarians.  Alton  fell  imder  the 
speW  of  Thomas  Campl^ell  and  became  converted.  This  con- 
version broke  up  the  union  of  the  four  parties,  although  Alton 
continued  to  preach.  In  1832  he  was  preaching  half  the  time 
and  made  converts.  The  ministers  of  the  denomination  then 
known  as  "Campbellites"  visited  Bloomtield  and  added  other 
people  to  the  congregation.  Mr.  Alton  moved  to  Illinois 
and  the  same  year  Rev.  ]\[arcus  Bosworth  effected  an  organiza- 
tion. A  large  number  of  names  were  added  to  the  membership. 
In  1848,  under  the  i^reaching  of  Rev.  Isaac  Errett,  the  number 
was  doubled.  Three  j^ears  later  they  built  the  church  at  the 
center,  Mr.  Errett  being  the  lirst  ]iastor.  In  1854  Edwin  "Wake- 
field was  ordained  as  an  evangelist.  Cyrus  Bosworth,  ]\r.  S. 
Clapp,  Isaac  Errett  and  B.  F.  Perky  officiated.  In  1879  a  half 
interest  in  the  church  which  was  erected  in  1849  and  cost  $1,600 
was  disposed  of  to  the  Congregationalists.  who  now  hold  regular 
meetings. 


CHAPTER  XXXII.— BEOOKFIELD. 


"The     Green." — First    Persons    and     Events. — Mills    and 

Blast  Furnace. — Schools  and   Teachers. — 

Churches. 

Brookfield  is  probably  the  township  in  which  the  survey- 
ors record  that  the  laud  was  high  enough  for  them  to  see  into 
Pennsylvania.  Before  they  reached  this,  they  had  had  a  strug- 
gle with  swamps,  and  were  delighted  at  the  outlook.  "When 
surveyed  it  was  known  as  number  4,  range  1.  It  was  original- 
ly owned  by  Samuel  Hinckley,  of  North  Hampton,  Massachu- 
setts, and  was  probably  named  for  Brookfield,  Massachusetts. 
He  donated  laud  at  the  center,  which  was  called  "the  green." 
He  also  gave  the  ground  for  the  cemetery,  one  acre.  Jacob 
Himiasou,  who  first  settled  near  the  center  cleared  the 
"green"  and  burying  ground.  These  grounds  were  improved 
by  people  of  the  township  and  becrfme  the  public  burying  place. 
The  first  person  buried  in  this  cemetery  was  the  Eev.  Mr. 
Johnson. 

It  is  recorded  by  several  historians  that  James  Mc]\Iullin 
came  to  this  township  in  1796.  This  surely  must  be  a  mistake 
of  date,  because  the  first  surveyors  did  not  come  until  that 
summer  and  he  could  not  very  well  have  received  a  deed  for 
liis  laud  then.  This  error  probably  occurred  by  some  early 
recorder  saying  he  came  about  that  time.  If,  however,  the 
date  should  be  right,  he  would  not  only  have  been  the  first  set- 
tler within  the  present  limits  of  Trumbull  County,  but  of  the 
Eeserve  as  well.  He  built  a  log  house  in  the  eastern  ]iart  of 
the  township  not  far  from  the  state  line,  after  the  plan  of  all 
the  first  log  houses,  and  here  he  lived  for  some  time.  He  had 
seven  sons,  his  grandson,  James  the  son  of  William,  being  the 
first  white  child  born  in_  the  township. 

The  first  wedding  was  that  of  his  son,  Samuel,  to  Eliza- 
beth Chatfield.     Rev.  Thomas  G.  Jones,  who  preached  for  the 

424 


HISTORY  OF  TRU.AIBULL  COUNTY  4v'o 

early  Baptists  in  Warren,  l)ut  who  lived  in  Brooktield,  \)v\- 
I'ormed  tliis  ceremony. 

Rev.  Thomas  G.  Jones,  who  was  a  neighbor  of  ^FcMullin, 
together  with  his  brother,  Benjamin,  was  the  first  mereliant 
in  Broolcfield.  In  1802  he  built  a  log  cabin  of  two  rooms.  In 
one  his  family  lived;  in  the  other  he  kei^t  his  goods.  The 
family  room  w^as  in  front  and  there  was  no  outside  door  to  the 
store  room.  The  shelves  were  made  of  puncheon  set  on  pegs 
driven  into  the  logs.  Customers  walked  through  the  family 
rooms  to  buy  goods.  Mr.  Jones  preached  most  of  his  sermons 
over  the  edge  of  Pennsylvania  and  he  was  the  first  preacher 
in  Brookfield.  The  first  tavern  was  kept  by  Constant  Lake, 
one  mile  north  of  the  center. 

Among  the  early  settlers  following  Mr.  McMullin  were 
Mr.  Chatfield,  Judge  Hughes,  Constant  Lake,  Ethan  New- 
comb,  John  Briggs,  and  Benjamin  Bentley.  The  latter  built 
the  first  frame  barn  of  which  there  is  any  account.  All  records 
in  regard  to  Brookfield  mention  this  barn,  but  some  note  that 
it  took  three  days  to  raise  it,  that  two  hundred  men  were  pres- 
ent to  assist,  and  that  two  liarrels  of  whiskey  were  consumed. 
This  seems  a  rather  large  story. 

The  township  was  organized  in  1810  and  the  first  election 
took  place  at  the  house  of  Constant  Lake  for  the  ])uri)ose  of 
electing  townshiji  officers.  William  Cunningham,  Anthony 
Patrick,  and  John  D.  Smith  were  chosen  trustees.  The  names 
of  Bartholomew,  ITumason,  Fowler,  etc.,  are  still  familiar  in 
the  township. 

The  first  death  was  that  of  Mrs.  Henry  Gandy.  Her  body 
was  not  interred  in  the  cemetery,  but  at  the  edge  of  the  woods. 

The  first  justice  of  the  peace  was  Judge  Hughes,  who  was 
the  land  agent  for  Judge  Samuel  Hinckley  till  about  1820. 

The  early  roads  were  made  of  logs  and  rails.  The  first 
saw  mill  and  grist  mill.  Judge  Hughes  built  about  the  year 
1808.  Many  of  the  settlers,  before  1830,  came  from  Hubbard 
and  other  townships  below  Brookfield.  A  little  later,  a  nimi- 
ber  of  the  Brookfield  settlers,  and  many  of  the  sons  of 
the  settlers  moved  to  Youngstown  and  were  identified  with 
its  history. 

Brookfield  was  one  of  the  townshi]is  in  which  coal  was 
found,  and  one  blast  furnace  was  erected  there  for  the  mak- 
ing of  iron  in  1836.  It  was  erected  near  the  center.  There 
was  a  foundrv  connected  with  it.   The  ore  was  obtained  in  Hull- 


436  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

bard,  and  charcoal  way  used  for  smelting.  It  was  never  finan- 
cially a  success  although  it  had  many  different  owners. 

The  Indians  encamped  often  along  Big  Yankee  Eun  as 
they  did  along  the  streams  in  many  parts  of  the  county.  The 
Indian  boys  and  the  white  boys  used  to  play  together,  and  al- 
though the  white  boys  could  throw  the  Indian  lioys  in  wrestl- 
ing the  Indians  could  distance  them  in  running.  The  only  time 
the  settlers  had  trouble  with  them  was  when  they  went  into 
Pennsylvania  and  returned  with  plenty  of  whiskey. 

Between  the  '60s  and  the  '80s  farming  communities  paid 
a  good  deal  of  attention  to  agricultural  fairs,  and  Brookfield 
had  one  of  the  very  best  of  the  associations  in  the  county. 

The  first  schoolhouse.  of  course,  was  of  logs  and  stood  on 
Big  Yankee  Eun.  The  first  teacher  was  Lois  Sanford,  of  Con- 
necticut. David  Shepard  was  one  of  the  early  school  teachers, 
teaching  southeast  of  the  center.  Jacob  Humason's  school 
was  on  the  west  side  of  the  "green."  Humason  had  been  a 
merchant  before  coming  to  ^"ienua  and  was  a  very  good  teach- 
er.   These  schools,  of  course,  soon  gave  way  to  district  schools. 

In  the  beginning  the  townships  of  Vienna  and  Brookfield 
had  elections  in  common.  The  Presbyterian  church,  which 
was  early  organized,  was  situated  at  the  center  of  Vienna.  In 
1816  the  people  of  Brookfield  organized  a  church  under  the 
direction  of  Bev.  James  Satterfield,  of  Mercer.  He  acted  un- 
der authority  of  the  Hartford  presbytry.  The  call  for  the  or- 
ganization of  this  church  was  signed  by  Robert  Hughes,  Jacob 
Up.  Mathew  Thompson,  James  Montgomery,  James  Kerney, 
Robert  Montgomery  and  John  Laferty.  Martha,  the  wife  of 
James  ^Montgomery.  Martha,  the  wife  of  Robert  Hughes, 
Sarah,  the  wife  of  Mathew  Thompson,  Jane  Montgomery, 
James  Kerney,  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  Jacob  Ulp,  Abigail  Laff- 
erty,  Mary  Lafferty,  and  her  daughter.  May,  Anne  Lafferty 
and  her  daughter,  Anne,  and  Nancy  Lafferty  were  the  mem- 
bers forming  this  church.  In  1817  a  frame  building  was 
erected,  Isaac  Flower  making  the  nails  by  hand.  This  stood 
near  the  ]>resent  cemetery.  In  1818  Rev.  John  Core  was  or- 
dained at  Youngstown  and  became  the  minister  of  Vienna  and 
Brookfield.  In  1818  the  three  men  who  first  signed  the  call, 
Hughes,  Ulp  and  Tliompson,  were  elected  elders.  Rev.  James 
Anderson  was  the  pastor  in  1833,  and  built  up  the  church 
by  his  activity.  This  church,  in  1837,  had  the  same  disturb- 
ance which  manv  churches  of  the  same  denomination  had  at 


HISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  427 

about  the  same  time.  Youuger  and  newer  people  wished  to 
adopt  new  methods  and  older  people  disapproved.  In  Greene 
this  division  Avas  known  as  "old  lights"  and  "new  lights,"  in 
Brooktield  as  "old  school"  and  "new  school."  The  majority 
of  the  Brooktield  church  remained  with  the  "old  school."  In 
1843  Eev.  Joseph  Smith  officiated  and  admitted  sixteen  mem- 
bers. In  1845  Eev.  Ward  became  the  pastor.  His  adminis- 
tration was  popular  to  the  congregation.  After  live  years' 
service  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Jacob  Coon.  Eev.  H.  Weber 
followed  him  in  1853.  In  1854  the  congregation  had  sixty-two 
members.  Eev.  N.  B.  Lyons  was  the  jsastor  in  1860,  Eev.  C.  S. 
Eice  in  1866,  Eev.  W.  "C.  Falconer,  1868.  The  church  soon 
after  that  began  to  decline  and  regular  preaching  was  discon- 
tinued until  1871,  when  a  revival  in  the  Methodist  church 
awakened  the  people  of  Vienna.  Meetings  were  held  in  the 
houses  of  the  members  and  the  church  was  repaired.  In  1873 
the  congregation  only  ninnbered  twenty.  Eev.  J.  K.  Stockton 
liecame  the  pastor. 

The  Christian  church  of  Brooktield  was  organized  in  1874, 
The  charter  members  were  Jesse  Hoagland,  Henrv  Patterson, 
A.  Tayler,  R.  S.  Hart,  H.  Hamilton,  J."w.  Groves,"  S.  C.  Ham- 
ilton, Susan  Groves,  Mary  and  Flora  Tayler,  Lucy  Struble, 
Caroline  Seaburn,  Mary  Groves,  Mary  A.  Toward,  Catherine, 
Hannah  and  Carrie  Jones,  E.  A.  Clark,  Mary  Christie,  Emily, 
Kate  and  0.  Hart,  Elsie  Mason,  G.  W.  and  Sarah  Burton,  J. 
and  ^lary  McMullin,  0.  J.  and  Hester  Burnett,  Mystilla  Jones, 
I>.  and  Mary  Eandell,  A.  and  Esther  ]\IcCollimi,  Emily  Patter- 
son, Lorain  Hatch,  Elnora  Day,  James  Haney,  and  Lavinia 
]\rontgomery.  In  1876  the  present  church  was  erected.  Before 
that,  meetings  were  held  in  the  town  hall. 


CHAPTER  XXXIII.— BRISTOL. 


Gekman    Settlers. — Baughman,   Sager   and   Barbe. — Schools. 
Mennoxite  and  other  RELiGiors  Organ- 
izations.— Temperance. 

Alfred  AVolcott,  I'or  the  Coiiuecticut  Laud  Company,  sur- 
veyed No.  6,  range  4,  which  was  called  Bristol  for  his  home 
town.  For  the  services  of  surveying  he  was  given  three  hun- 
dred and  tifty  acres  of  land  and  he  erected  thereon  a  log  cabin 
at  the  center  of  the  township.  He,  however,  did  not  remain 
very  long,  and  the  first  actual  settler  was  Abraham  Baughman, 
who  brought  his  family  in  1804,  settled  on  a  creek  which  was 
afterwards  named  for  him.  His  cabin  stood  about  a  mile  east 
of  the  center  and  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  the  north  line 
of  the  township.  He  was  elected  one  of  the  first  trustees  of 
the  township  aud  erected  a  saw  mill  and  grist  mill  in  1806  near 
his  home.  He  ran  these  mills  as  long  as  he  lived  in  the  town- 
ship. 

William  Sager,  of  Shenandoah,  Virginia,  with  his  family 
arrived  in  Bristol  in  1805.  He  was  one  of  the  early  Germans 
of  the  Reserve.  The  first  night  spent  in  Bristol  was  with  his 
sister,  Elizabeth,  Mrs.  Abraham  Baughman.  Mr.  Baughman, 
with  his  two  sons,  started  out  to  cut  a  road  a  mile  and  a  half 
long  to  Mr.  Sager 's  land.  Mr.  Sager,  his  wife  and  one  child 
were  obliged  to  sleep  in  their  wagon  for  some  time.  He,  how- 
ever, built  his  log  cabin  which  was  constructed  as  they  all 
were,  and  when  he  had  one  floor  finished  he  moved  in.  That 
year  they  had  born  to  them  a  son,  Jacob,  who  was  the  first 
white  child  born  in  Bristol.  Later  they  had  six  other  children. 
These  children  were  afterwards  substantial  citizens  of  the 
township  and  the  county.  Rebecca  married  Mr.  Hyde  of  Farm- 
ington.  Mr.  Sager 's  father,  Gabriel,  was  a  Mennonite.  He 
came  to  Bristol  in  1810.  His  son,  Samuel,  came  in  1811  and 
stayed  five  years,  when  he  removed  to  Beaver  county,  Penn- 
sylvania.   Two  of  his  daughters  married  Baughmans,  and  two 

428 


BRISTOLVILLE    PARK. 


HISTORY  OF  TIU'MBULL  COFXTY  4-20 

Barbes.  The  Banglimau  families  did  not  stay  very  long-  in 
Bristol,  but  the  Barbes  are  among  the  substantial  citizens  there 
now. 

William  Barbe  also  came  from  Shenandoah  county  and 
both  he  and  John  had  large  families  of  children,  ^largavet 
Barbe  married  Mr.  Parker  of  Bristolville ;  Barbara,  'Sir.  Thay- 
er of  North  Bristol,  and  Elizabeth,  Mr.  Norton. 

It  will  be  seen  then  that  the  early  settlers  of  Bristol  were 
Germans,  and  some  of  the  (Jerman  characteristics  still  adhere 
to  their  descendants. 

Bristol  settled  very  slowly.  It  was  midway  between  the 
north  and  the  south,  both  of  which  developed  fast.  It  was  not 
imtil  the  turnpike  was  constructed,  and  supplies  could  be  se- 
cured more  easily  that  the  township  began  to  fill  up. 

Gabriel  Sager  taught  the  first  school  in  the  winter  of  181(1- 
11.  His  pupils  being  his  relatives  and  friends,  his  lessons  all 
being  said  in  German.  Two  years  later  the  first  English  school 
was  held  in  a  log  cabiii  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  north  of 
Bristolville.  The  teacher  was  Seth  I.  Ensign.  Two  years  later 
the  daughter  of  Rev.  Joseph  Badger,  Lucy,  taught  school,  in 
a  cabin  near  Bristolville.  The  first  schoolhouse  was  erected 
at  North  Bristol  in  1812  by  "William  Barbe,  Samuel  and  William 
Sager.  At  a  very  early  time  there  was  a  log  schoolhouse  at 
Bristolville. 

As  a  rule  German  school  teachers  were  ministers,  and  vice 
versa.  Gabriel  Sager,  who  taught  the  first  school,  organized 
the  first  church.  He  was  a  Mennonite,  and,  like  all  the  followers 
of  Menno,  he  did  not  believe  in  infant  baptism,  and  refused  to 
take  oath  of  any  kind  to  hold  office,  or  to  support  the  state  in 
war.  Some  of  the  organizations  believed  in  the  washing  of  feet. 
Members  of  this  section  are  now  found  in  the  Netherlands, 
Germany,  Russia,  but  are  numerous  in  the  United  States.  The 
services  were  held  in  Mr.  Sager 's  house.  The  society  chd  not 
grow  greatly,  never  erected  a  church  building,  and  dislmuded 
after  their  leader's  death. 

"\Miat  was  true  in  many  other  townships  in  old  Truml^uU 
Comity  was  true  in  Bristol.  They  had  a  society  of  Bible  Chris- 
tians whose  first  preacher  was  Rev.  John  Cheney.  Meetings 
were  held  in  schoolhouses,  homes,  and  newly  built  barns,  about 
1818.  Among  the  members  of  this  organization  were  Deacon 
Abijah  Lee  and  his  wife  of  Farmington.  Most  of  the  members 
of  this  class  later  became  Disciples. 


430  HISTOKY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

At  different  times  the  Baptists,  both.  Calvinists  and  Free 
Will,  had  small  organizations  within  the  township.  In  1817 
Rev.  Giles  H.  Cowles,  Abial  Jones  and  Joseph  Treat  organized 
a  Presbyterian  church  for  both  Bristol  and  Bloomfield.  This 
was  not  only  for  both  towns  but  both  Congregationalists  and 
Presbyterians  had  advantage  of  it.  After  a  while  the  name 
Bloonitield  was  dropped  and  the  church  was  known  as  the  Pres- 
byterians and  Congregationalists  church  of  Bristol.  The  ques- 
tion of  slavery  which  disrupted  so  manj'  churches  had  its  effect 
on  this  organization  and  it  withdrew  from  the  presbytery.  After 
some  of  the  older  members  had  died,  and  the  question  of  slavery 
was  settled  this  church  was  attached  to  the  Congregational 
system.  The  first  standing  moderator  of  the  church  was  John 
Barnes.  He  and  Lyman  Ferry  made  the  church  committee,  and 
Rollard  Dutton  was  the  first  clerk.  Among  the  early  preachers 
were  the  Eev.  Mr.  Cole,  Jones,  Curtis,  Leslie  and  Miller. 
The  first  church  belonging  to  this  combination  of  Presbyterians 
and  Congregationalists  was  erected  by  the  Presbyterians. 
The  nest  was  a  two-story  frame  building  and  was  built 
on  the  town  land  of  the  village  near  the  old  graveyard.  In  1847 
a  comfortable  church  was  dedicated. 

Although  the  early  history  of  the  Methodist  churches  in 
old  Trumbull  County  is  exceedingly  interesting  because  of  the 
personnel  of  the  early  circuit  riders,  very  little  history  is  pre- 
served in  regard  to  them.  This  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
ministers  moved  often,  even  when  they  had  a  charge,  and  most 
of  them  were  itinerant.  In  1818  Rev.  Ira  Eddy  formed  a  class 
in  Bristol.  John  Norton  and  wife.  John  Hammond  and  wife, 
Magdaleua  and  Hannah  Kline  were  the  six  members.  The 
meetings  of  this  early  class,  like  the  beginnings  of  most  all 
churches,  were  held  in  schoolhouses,  houses  and  barns.  Some- 
times there  would  be  a  deserted  cabin  which  would  be  used. 
This  was  true  of  Bristol.  Wlien  a  two-story  schoolhouse  was 
built  the  meetings  were  held  there  and  about  the  time  the 
Presbyterian  church  was  constructed  the  Methodists  built  a 
church  also.  In  1881  this  house  was  remodeled,  Mrs.  Dr. 
Brockett  giving  $1,000  toward  this  work.  This  church  is  at 
present  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

The  members  of  the  Bible  Christians,  who  became  Disciples, 
attended  sei-vices  in  Bloomfield,  but  in  1868  Eev.  J.  N.  Smith 
and  Rev.  N.  N.  Bartlett  organized  a  Disciple  church  with 
Hiram  Thayer  and  A.  A.  House  as  overseers.    Jacob  Sager  Sr., 


HISTOEY  OF  TKU.MBULL  CUUATY  431 

the  first  wliite  child  born  in  the  county,  was  one  of  the  deacons. 
Tliis  society  immediately  set  about  building  a  church  which  cost 
$2,000.  Rev.  N.  N.  Bartlett  was  the  first  pastor,  Eev.  Edwin 
Wakefield  preached  one  year,  and  his  sou,  Rev.  E.  B.  Wakefield, 
took  charge  of  the  congregation  in  1874.  Under  his  leadership 
the  church  grew  and  he  divided  his  time  between  Bloomfield 
and  Bristol. 

At  one  time  there  was  a  Society  of  Dunkards  in  Bristol 
l3ut  it  never  thrived. 

The  early  settlers  of  Bristol  hoped  to  make  use  of  the 
Grand  river  as  a  highway,  but  the  stream  was  shallow,  full  of 
underbrush  and  logs,  and  except  at  very  high  water,  when  it 
was  almost  impossible  to  draw  loads  to  the  river,  it  was 
not  navigable.  Produce  was  carried  to  Paiuesville  ))y  the 
Sagers  and  Baughmans,  but  it  was  found  too  laborious  to  be 
remunerative. 

It  is  supi>osed  that  men  of  some  sort  resided  in  Bristol 
before  the  early  settlers  here  mentioned.  On  William  Sager's 
place,  when  he  determined  to  clean  out  a  spring  for  his  well, 
he  found  it  had  been  stoned  up  by  somebody  who  had  preceded 
him.  In  plowing  he  found  black  earth  which  was  of  the  nature 
of  charcoal.  His  son,  Joseph,  as  a  boy,  when  digging  in  the 
dirt,  found  some  earthen  vessels.  From  this  evidence  it  was 
concluded  that  somebody  at  some  time  made  i:)ottery  on  this 
Sager  farm. 

Indians  were  very  often,  in  the  early  days,  at  Bristol,  but 
nothing  could  be  leai-ned  from  them  in  regard  to  the  pottery, 
and  if  it  was  the  work  of  red  men,  it  was  some  other  red  men 
than  those  with  whom  the  settlers  were  familiar,  since  they 
were  not  handy  with  tools,  or  given  to  labor. 

Baughman's  creek  was  so  full  of  fish  when  the  early  settlers 
arrived  that  they  furnished  a  large  part  of  the  food  and 
quantities  of  them  were  salted. 

As  narrated  in  some  of  the  other  townships,  and  in  the 
general  history,  the  temperance  agitation  began  at  an  early 
date  by  men  and  women  in  different  sections  refusing  to  sei've 
whiskey  at  raisings,  and  in  women  refusing  to  drink  wine  at 
weddings,  but  so  far  as  we  know,  Bristol  is  the  first  town  which 
took  on  the  crusade  method.  In  1858  we  read  "A  week  or  two 
since  fifty  women  and  a  party  assembled  and  made  an  attack 
on  the  grocery  of  one  Miller;  some  dragged  the  proprietor  out 
of  doors,  and  held  him  down,  while  others  knocked  in  the  head 


43-2  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

of  his  cider,  whiskey,  ^■ineg■al•,  and  rum  barrels.  Miller  has 
commenced  a  suit  against  them." 

Lyman  Potter,  the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  performed  the 
marriage  service  for  Jacob  Baug-hman  and  Barbara  Good.  It 
was  the  first  marriage  in  the  township.  Mr.  Potter  kept  the 
first  tavern. 

Emmet  Moore,  who  died  of  consumption  in  1810,  was  the 
first  adult  person  buried  in  the  township  buiying-ground  at 
the  center. 


CHAPTER  XXXIV.— CHAMPION. 


The  Rutax  Family. — A  Pet  Deep,. — Williaji  Woodeow. — 

Mrs.  ^^^alkee's  Expeeiexce  with  a  Bear. — Eaely 

School  Teachers. — CnrRCHES. 

Township  5.  range  i.  was  named  Champion  for  Heuiy 
Champion,  of  Connecticnt,  who  was  land  agent  for  this 
section  of  the  country.  A  few  families  came  to  the  town- 
ship about  1800,  settling  iu  the  southern  part  of  the  township. 
They  paid  $2.50  per  acre  for  their  land.  Because  of  the  gi'owtk 
of  Warren,  the  owners  of  this  property  thought  it  was  likely 
to  increase  also  and  raised  the  price  to  $10.00.  For  this  reason 
the  town  was  one  of  the  last  to  be  settled.  It  has  never  been 
very  thickly  settled  and  the  land  on  the  western  border  is  heavy 
with  clay. 

The  first  settler  was  named  Nichols.  He  stayed  but  a  little 
time  and  no  record  can  lie  had  of  him. 

The  first  permanent  settler  was  AViUiam  Rutan,  who  came 
in  1806.  His  wife  was  Hannah  Lane,  of  Bellvernon,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Mr.  Rutan  and  his  family  have  heen  among  the  pros- 
perous and  influential  peojile  of  Champion.  He  intended  to 
settle  in  "Warren,  but  after  staying  there  a  year  concluded 
to  move  onto  the  rolling  country  at  the  north.  There  were  two 
children,  Catharine,  who  was  l)orn  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
Henry  L.,  born  in  Warren.  Mr.  Rutan's  log  cabin  was  the  first 
residence  built  in  the  township  by  a  permanent  settler.  Indians 
camped  between  Warren  and  the  Eutan  cabin,  iu  and  about  the 
woods,  which  until  a  few  years  ago,  when  the  trees  were 
removed,  has  been  chosen  for  camps  when  white  men  wish  to 
camp,  and  by  gypsies  who  cared  to  make  a  stop  in  the  vicinity 
of  Warren.  The  Indians  were  always  friendly,  but  they  stole 
chickens  and  teased  for  supplies. 

In  1835  Catharine  Rutan  married  Solon  Gilson  and  died 
a  few  mouths  later.    She  and  her  mother,  naturally  companion- 

433 
Vol.  I— 2S 


434  HISTOHY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

able,  had  been  drawn  iuto  close  relationship  by  their  pioneer 
life,  and  in  less  than  a  year  the  mother  died. 

William  Eutan  married,  then,  Eebecca  Shield  Guy,  of 
Boardman.  She  was  born  in  West  Virginia,  her  father  was 
a  slave  holder,  but  when  he  saw  that  slavery  was  wi'ong  he 
freed  his  men.  One  old  colored  man  refused  to  be  freed  and 
came  north  with  the  family.  The  second  Mrs.  Rutan  had  a 
daughter,  Mary  Guy,  and  a  little  time  after  Mary  Guy  came 
with  her  mother  iuto  the  Rutan  family,  Henry  L.  Rutan,  the 
remaining  child,  married  her.  Thus  the  family  was  doubly 
connected. 

The  oldest  daughter  of  Henry  Rutan.  Hannah,  says  that 
when  her  mother  first  came  to  Champion  she  caught  a  young 
fawn  which  had  strayed  from  the  woods  into  the  fields.  It  soon 
became  a  gentle  pet.  It  would  often  go  iuto  the  woods,  play 
willi  the  young  deer,  but  if  anything  frightened  it,  ran  home 
bouncing  over  the  fences,  and  rushing  into  the  family  bedroom, 
where  it  felt  safe.  One  day  a  himter  killed  it,  and  when  he 
found  the  bell  around  its  neck,  knew  it  was  Mary's  deer,  and 
brought  the  bell  home  to  her  with  many  apologies. 

The  home  of  the  Rutans  was  built  in  1820  and  is  yet  in 
excellent  repair.  Hannah  married  John  Crawford,  the  artist, 
and  when  she  liecame  a  widow,  returned  from  Warren  to  Cham- 
pion, where  she  spent  the  rest  of  her  days.  Her  daughter,  Mrs. 
Burton  Gray,  resides  in  Boston.  ]\Iartin  Luther  Rutan  and 
Mary  still  reside  in  this  old  home,  which  has  held  five  genera- 
tions of  happy  iseople. 

Soon  after  William  Rutan  settled  in  Champion,  William 
Woodrow  and  his  wife,  Martha  Smith,  bringing  their  two  chil- 
dren, came  from  Westmoreland,  Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  Wood- 
row  rode  on  horseback  and  carried  her  son,  about  two  years 
and  a  half  old,  in  her  arms.  Besides  this  load,  the  horse  had 
saddlebags  packed  with  household  articles.  Mr.  Woodrow 
walked,  drove  two  cows,  carried  a  knapsack  on  his  back  in 
which  was  his  six-month  old  son.  They  had  shipped  their 
goods  to  Pittsburg  to  be  transferred  to  Beaver,  where  they 
would  be  brought  to  Warren  and  thence  to  Champion.  Mr. 
W'oodrow  had  been  in  Champion  the  year  before  and  had  built 
a  cabin  which  stood  about  where  the  present  Presbyterian 
church  stands.  They  had  nine  children,  seven  boys  and  two 
girls,  all  except  one  of  whom  reached  adult  age.  The  two 
youngest  were  twins,  called  Calvin  and  Alvin.     In  1S2S  Mr. 


HISTOKY   OF  Tl{r.MBrLL  COUNTY  -i3.j 

A\'o()drow  eret'tt'il  tlit'  family  homestead,  which  still  stands  and 
is  in  good  condition.  It  was  made  of  bricks  whioli  were  manu- 
factured in  the  vicinity.  The  IJutan  and  AVoodrow  familie.s 
were  very  closely  connected.  AVhen  the  man  of  one  of  the 
households  was  away,  the  wife  of  that  Ikiusc  tixik  her  lialues 
aud  spent  the  night  in  the  liome  of  tlie  others.  .Mthough  the 
Indians  seemed  always  friendly,  the  women  were  nioi-e  or  less 
afraid  of  them.  AVilliam  AVoodrow  was  more  or  less  of  a  juker, 
as  were  his  descendants,  and,  one  night  when  his  wife  and  hab- 
ies  were  staying  at  the  Rutan  house,  he  came  home  in  the  even- 
ing and,  taking  on  the  Indian  way,  crept  stealthily  n\>  to  the 
porch,  opened  the  door,  aud  grabbed  Mr.  Rutan,  to  the  hoi'ror 
of  the  women  and  the  children,  and  probably  Air.  Rutan  as 
well.  In  looking  over  the  records  of  Champion  we  tind  the  his- 
tory of  these  two  families  interwoven.  The  two  sons,  Ileury 
Rutan  aud  Smith  Woodrow,  were  both  great  hunters. 

The  first  election  was  held  at  the  house  of  AVilliam  Wood 
row.  lie  was  one  of  the  townshi])  clerks.  AVilliam  Rutan  was 
one  of  the  trustees. 

In  the  formation  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  ^h\  Rutan 
and  Air.  AVoodrow  were  alternately  appointed  comniissioner.s 
to  different  meetings,  of  the  presbytry  to  make  arrangeuu'nt 
for  the  establishment  of  a  church. 

AVilliam  Rutan  built  the  first  frame  hon>e  in  the  town- 
ship; AVilliam   Woodrow  built  the  first   brick. 

The  AA'oodrow  children  married  and  settled  largely  in  this 
part  of  the  country.  AVilliam  Smith  Woodrow,  commonly 
known  as  Smitli,  married  Eunice  L.  Holts  of  Alassachusetts. 
An  old  lady  who  attended  the  Presbyterian  church  in  A^'arren 
said  that  Air.  and  Mrs.  Smith  AVoodrow  were  the  handsomest 
couple  that  e\-er  walked  into  the  Presbyterian  church.  As  a 
good  share  of  their  life  was  s])ent  in  AVarreu,  their  history  is 
given  under  that  town. 

John  AA'oodrow  married  Polly  Cox  of  Bristol  and  lived 
and  died  on  the  Champion  state  road.  Nelson,  the  son,  lived 
upon  his  father's  place  on  the  State  road. 

Morgan  married  ^lary  Cleveland,  lived  for  a  time  in  AVai'- 
reu,  and  went  to  Michigan,  where  he  died. 

Mai-y  married  John  Ewalt  of  Howland.  He  moved  to 
Pittsburg. 

Henry  li\'ed  and  died  upcm  the  old  ])lace  in  ('bam])ion.  H<> 
had  three  wives,  all  of  whom  belonged  to  old  and  distinguished 


430  HISTOKY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXXr 

familifs  iu  Trnmbnll  County.  His  first  wife  was  Lydia  Wol- 
cott,  a  eomiectiou  of  Mrs.  John  M.  StuU ;  his  second  wife  was 
Xeviali  Elwell,  a  sister  of  the  well  known  "Father"  Elwell  of 
AVarren;  and  the  third,  was  Fannie  Estabrook,  who  is  a  half- 
sister  of  Miss  Mary  Estabrook,  now  residing  in  Warren.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Woodrow  died  within  twenty  days  of  each  other. 

Polly  AVoodrow  married  a  Mr.  Lane,  of  Lordstown. 

In  1816  John  Chambers  and  his  wife,  ]\Iary  Imlay.  came 
to  live  in  Champion.  Mary  died  in  1829,  leaving  seven  chil- 
dren, three  of  whom  were  girls.  John  married  for  a  second 
wife  Rachel  Laird  Morrison,  a  daughter  of  James  Laird,  and 
so  good  a  stepmother  was  she  that  all  these  seven  children 
loved  her  dearly.  One  of  these  daughters,  Hannah,  the  school 
teacher,  married  AVilliam  Laird  of  Mesopotamia.  Eliza  mar- 
ried Joseph  Pierce,  and  was  greatly  beloved  by  all  the  children 
of  the  township.  Mary  married  Edward  Pierce  in  1856,  and 
lived  all  her  life  within  a  mile  of  her  birth]  )lace. 

Andrew  Donaldson  was  a  neighbor  of  William  Rutau,  liv- 
ing there  twenty  years.  In  1826  the  four  families  mentioned 
above  were  the  only  families  living  in  Champion. 

Edward  Pierce,  of  Armstrong  county,  Pennsylvania,  was 
the  first  of  the  second  set  of  emigrants.  He  came  to  Champion 
iu  1828.  The  family  settled  in  a  weaving  house  where  the 
AVoodrow  girls  spun  and  wove  the  clothing  for  their  large 
family.  As  soon  as  their  log  cabin  Avas  done,  they  entered 
it  and  lived  there  a  long  time. 

Another  of  the  early  families  was  that  of  the  Dursts. 
They,  too,  were  Pennsylvanians,  and  they,  too,  had  large 
families.  Their  goods  were  loaded  onto  a  big  wagon  and  on 
this  Mrs.  Durst  and  her  little  children  rode  while  the  older 
children  and  Mr.  Durst  walked.  Up  to  1829  almost  all  of  the 
settlement  of  Champion  was  in  the  southern  part.  James 
Walker  and  his  wife,  Margaret  Cowen,  made  the  first  settle- 
ment in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township.  Mr.  Walker 
and  his  brother,  Samuel,  made  a  road  five  miles  long  running 
from  their  farm  to  Red  Run.  While  this  was  being  done  Mrs. 
Walker  stayed  at  the  cabin,  taking  care  of  the  children  and 
the  animals.  This  was  quite  a  care  since  at  that  time  there 
were  no  doors  in  their  cabin  and  the  wild  animals  could  easily 
enter  the  first  floor.  Usually  Mrs.  Walker  took  her  children 
up  into  the  loft  and  dragged  the  ladder  after  her.  As  this  sec- 
ond story  was  never  very  high  it  was  not  a  comfortalile  ]>lace 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  (OI'XTY  437 

to  spend  the  night.  One  night  there  was  a  great  disturbance 
about  the  enclosure  where  a  cow  and  calf  was  kept.  The  next 
morning  she  found  a  bear  had  been  trying  to  breakfast  iipon 
one  or  both  of  the  animals.  She  could  see  the  prints  of  his 
feet.  She  started  on  its  tracks  and  saw  that  it  had  entered  a 
hollow  tree.  She  returned  to  the  house,  secured  tire  and  kind- 
lings, made  a  fire  at  the  foot  of  the  cavity,  and  Inirned  both 
tree  and  bear. 

In  183-1:  Mr.  George  Boerstler  came  from  Lancaster.  Penn- 
sylvania, and  bought  the  farm  which  had  been  owned  by  An- 
drew Donaldson.  His  wife  died  before  he  left  Pennsylvania, 
and  his  daughter  Margaret  looked  after  his  household  until 
1837,  when  Mr.  Boerstler  married  Mrs.  Bronstetter  of  Austin- 
town.  Although  she  was  born  in  America,  she  never  spoke 
anything  but  German. 

One  of  the  important  residents  of  Champion,  Mr.  Jacob 
H.  Baldwin,  was  born  in  New  York  in  1792,  removed  to  Board- 
man  in  1811,  was  married  to  Florinda  Waller,  of  Palmyra,  in 
1815.  They  had  fourteen  children,  thirteen  of  whom  married; 
two,  Mrs.  Emily  Hyde  of  Bristol,  who  now  lives  with  her 
granddaughter  in  Amherst,  Massachusetts,  and  Lucy  W.  Mur- 
dock,  of  Warren,  alone  survive.  Matilda  married  a  Mr.  Adgate 
of  the  early  Adgate  family  of  Warren;  Julia  married  Mr. 
Stanho])e  of  the  old  Stanhope  family  of  Kinsman;  Rebecca 
married  a  Mr.  Meachan  of  Kinsman.  In  1816  the  family 
moved  from  Boardman  to  Youngstown,  where  Mr.  Baldwin 
was  in  partnership  with  his  uncle,  Eli  Baldwin.  In  1819  he 
was  appointed  collector  of  taxes  and  visited  every  taxpayer 
in  the  county.  In  1820  he  was  appointed  to  take  the  census 
of  Trumbull  County.  In  1821  he  was  county  auditor  and 
served  seventeen  years.  In  1840  he  was  appointed  appraiser 
of  real  estate  and  he  visited  every  farm  in  the  county  person- 
ally and  appraised  all  small  lots  in  towns  and  villages.  In 
1834  he  built  a  large  house  in  Champion  and  moved  his  family 
there.  In  1842  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  legislature; 
1844  he  was  presidential  elector,  casting  his  vote  for  Clay  and 
Freliughuysen.  He  lived  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in  Cham- 
pion but  moved  to  Kinsman  in  1867.  where  he  lived  ten  years. 
In  his  middle  life  he  probably  knew  more  people  in  Trumbull 
County  than  any  other  one  man. 

One  of  the  sweetest  women  who  ever  lived  in  Cham]uon 
was  Sally  Porter.     She  was  born  in  an  ox-sled  on  tlie  wav  to 


43S  HISTORY  OF  TRUilBFLL  COUXTY 

Clarion  county,  Peunsylvania.  Here  her  eliildhood  was  spent. 
She  married  Johu  Eayeu  in  1834  and  moved  to  Champion. 
She  had  four  daughters,  Mrs.  Margaret  Parmalee,  Mrs.  James 
Rayen,  Mrs.  Benjamin  Leacli,  and  Mrs.  J.  H.  MeEwen.  The 
two  former  live  in  Cleveland,  and  the  latter  in  Youngstown. 

AVlien  I\lr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Pierce  left  Armstrong  county, 
Pennsylvania,  for  Champion,  their  friends  believing  they 
had  taken  their  lives  in  their  hands,  said  goodbye  to  them  for- 
ever. Five  years  later  Mrs.  Pierce  returned  to  Pennsylvania 
with  her  daughter  Martha  riding  behind  her  on  horseback. 
A\'.  L.  Pierce  was  long  a  Champion  citizen. 

Among  the  later  people  who  lived  in  Champion  were :  Mrs. 
Sarah  Russell  Packard,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  Osborne,  ^Iv.  and 
Mrs.  John  M.  MeCombs,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peter  Musser,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Jonas  Huber,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Price,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Barnard  Lenny,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  Elliott,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Henry  Determan. 

Because  Champion  had  so  few  settlers,  it  was  a  good  hunt- 
ing ground  for  Warren  sportsmen.  Turkey,  deer,  wolves  and 
bear  were  laid  low,  to  the  gratification  of  the  hunter  as  well  as 
the  settler. 

The  first  road  in  Champion  was  the  one  built  by  Turhand 
Kirtland  and  the  next  one  was  the  Warren-Ashtabula  turn- 
pike, to  which  we  have  referred  so  often.  This  latter  was  a 
toll  road. 

The  first  term  of  school  in  Champion  was  taught  by  Cath- 
arine Church  in  1815.  The  first  scholhouse  was  a  log  one  which 
stood  south  of  the  residence  of  William  Woodrow.  There 
were  too  few  families  in  Champion  in  the  early  days  to  make 
a  school  prosperous  or  hardly  possible.  In  1829  or  '30  a  brick 
schoolhouse  was  erected  opposite  the  Presbyterian  church, 
where  the  frame  schoolhouse  later  stood.  A  school  was  taught 
in  William  Woodrow 's  shop  previous  to  the  erection  of  the 
brick  schoolhouse.  Hannah  Chambers  was  one  of  the  first 
school  teachers,  although  it  is  not  certain  whether  she  ever 
taught  in  Chamjiiou  or  not.  Lena  Kyle,  who  lived  in  Kinsman, 
taught  school  in  Champion  in  1836.  She  received  $18  and  her 
l)oard  for  five  months'  teaching.  Mrs.  Harper,  when  she  was 
Sally  Wilson,  Mrs.  Rutan,  and  IMrs.  Shelden,  were  also 
teachers. 

Churches  in  Champion  have  never  been  as  well  supported 
and  attended  as  the  churches  of  the  other  townships,  because 


HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  439 

of  the  few  settlers,  and  the  uearuess  of  the  township  to  War- 
reu.  la  1838  Mr.  William  Eutau  attended  the  meeting  of  the 
presbytery  at  Slippery  Eock  to  state  the  desire  of  (_"hanipion 
people  for  a  church.  Rev.  William  0.  Strattou,  the  father  of 
Mrs.  Homer  C.  Reid  of  AVarren,  was  appointed  to  i^reach  at 
Champion  and  consult  with  the  people  there.  After  careful 
investigation,  Mr.  Stratton  thought  the  time  was  hardly  right 
for  perfecting  an  organization.  The  next  year  Mr.  AVilliam 
Woodrow  went  on  the  same  errand  to  the  same  body,  then  as- 
sembled at  New  Lisbon.  This  time  the  congregation  was  taken 
under  tlie  presbytery's  care.  In  a  few  months  Rev.  William 
[NlcCombs  was  a})pointed  to  minister  over  this  congregation  for 
one-tifth  of  the  time.  Mr.  Rutan  and  Mr.  Woodrow  kept  up 
their  interest  in  this  church  matter  until  the  church  was  estab- 
lished with  fifteen  members,  most  of  them  lieing  from  the 
Rutan,  the  Woodrow  and  the  Pierce  families.  In  1842,  the 
iirst  house  of  public  worship  was  erected,  and  stands  south 
of  the  center  on  the  turnpike  road.  Rev.  J.  S.  Dickey  is  the 
only  regular  pastor  this  church  has  ever  had. 

In  1848  the  Methodist  church  was  organized.  Eight  men 
and  their  families  were  charter  members.  A  spot  of  land  for 
the  church  and  for  the  burying  ground,  on  the  state  road,  near 
the  west  line  of  the  townsliip,  was  given  by  George  Ross,  and 
a  house  was  erected.  During  the  war,  the  church  was  reduced 
in  nmnbers  and  in  1870  preaching  was  no  longer  had.  It  be- 
longed to  the  Sonthiugton  circuit.  About  the  time  they 
ceased  to  have  a  regular  preacher,  meetings  were  held  in  tlie 
town  house  at  the  center  and  in  L870  a  church  was  built  and 
furnished  at  the  cost  of  il^2,200.  In  the  beginning  there  were 
thirty-five  memliers  and  the  church  was  dedicated  in  1875. 

At  one  time  there  was  a  church  of  the  denomination  of 
United  Brethren.  Their  meetings  were  held  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  ('hampion,  adjoining  Bazetta.  At  first  there  was  a 
small  church,  and  in  1878  a  better  one  was  built. 

Chamiiion  has  three  cemeteries,  one  near  the  Presl)yte- 
rian  church  on  the  turnpike,  the  other  by  the  Methodist  church 
mentioned  above,  and  one  at  the  center,  wliich  is  oldest,  hav- 
ing been  purchased  by  the  township  in  1840.  The  first  inter- 
ment here  was  the  body  of  Caroline  Rudisill. 

A  postoffice  was  established  in  Champion  in  1850.  John 
Harper  was  the  postmaster,  and  after  his  time  Stephen  Kim- 


440  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

ball.  This  was  never  a  ijrofitable  office  and  the  residents  of 
Champion  got  their  mail  for  many  years  at  Warren.  "When 
the  Ashtabnla  &  Pittsbi;rg  Eailroad  was  built  a  little  postoffice 
■was  maintained,  hut  now  the  residents  have  rural  free  delivery. 


CHAPTER  XXXV.— FARMINGTON. 


Original  Owners   and  Xame. — The  AVolcotts. — Taftsville. — 

Mrs.  James  Stull. — Lee  Family. — The  Hides. — Other 

Pioneers. — Charles  A.  Dana. — Schools. — Farmington 

Academy. — Subscription  List  for  Preacher. — 

Church  Societies. 

Range  5,  township  6,  wliicli  has  occupied  au  important  place 
in  Trumbull  County's  history,  from  1811  to  1817  was  called 
Henshaw.  Among  the  eleven  owners  of  this  township  were 
Ebenezer  King  Jr.,  and  John  Leavitt  Jr.;  also,  Samuel  Hen- 
shaw. This  property  changed  hands  several  times  and  finally 
most  of  it  belonged  to  Solomon  Bond.  Samuel  Henshaw  was 
one  of  the  original  owners,  and  Luther  Henshaw  superintended 
and  directed  the  survey  of  the  township.  AAHiether  the  name 
was  given  for  both  these  men,  or  for  only  one,  is  not  known. 
It  is  supposed  that  the  name  "Farming-ton"  was  given  this 
township  by  E.  P.  Wolcott,  Avho,  before  coming-  to  Trumbull 
County,  lived  in  Farmington,  Connecticut,  the  home  of  his  wife, 
Clarissa.  Some  accounts  credit  Dennis  Lewis  of  Bristol,  Con- 
necticut, with  naming  the  town.  At  any  rate  it  was  named  for 
Farmington.  Connecticut. 

David  Curtis  and  Captain  Lewis  Wolcott  were  the  first 
settlers.  They  came  in  1806.  The  first  women  to  come  were 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Curtis,  Mrs.  Anna  Ledyard  Curtis,  and  Mrs. 
Elihu  Moses.  These  women  all  left  comfortable  homes  and 
took  up  the  usual  hard  life  of  pioneer  women.  Very  little  has 
been  preserved  in  regard  to  them  or  their  early  home  life,  but 
it  was  undoubtedly  the  same  as  that  endured  by  the  women 
of  the  other  townships. 

Lewis  Wolcott,  his  descendants  and  connections  made  their 
impress  upon  the  township.  They  had  large  families,  they  were 
good  citizens,  and  the  name  is  always  connected  with  the  town- 
ship.   Wolcott  and  Curtis  walked  all  the  way  from  Connecticut, 

441 


U2  HISTORY  OF  TKU-MBrLL  COFXTY 

carryiug  their  olothiug  and  ueeded  articles  in  a  knapsack. 
Wok'ott  stopped  in  Vienna  a  year,  working  for  Joel  Humiston. 
When  these  two  men  arrived  in  Farmington,  they  did  what  the 
first  arrivals  did  in  all  townships,  chose  a  spot  (where  Mr. 
Kibbee's  house  so  long  stood  in  West  Farmington),  stuck  some 
poles  in  the  ground,  put  bark  on  the  top  and  made  themselves 
a  house. 

Josiah  AVolcott,  of  AVethersfield,  settled  in  the  town 
of  Bristol,  Connecticut,  in  1800.  Solomon  Bond,  above 
referred  to,  set  forth  the  glories  of  the  New  Connecticut 
in  such  a  way  as  to  i^ersuade  him  to  buy  a  thousand  acres  of 
land  in  the  township  of  FaiToington.  In  the  winter  of  1806-07, 
he,  his  brother  Theodore,  his  son  Horace,  and  his  nephew 
Lewis,  with  Gad  Hart,  visited  their  new  land,  and  constructed 
a  log  cabin,  where  they  passed  the  winter.  They  suffered  a 
good  many  hardships  and  encountered  dangers.  The  straw 
with  which  they  filled  their  bunks,  they  got  in  Mesopotamia, 
and  the  forest  was  so  dense  without  paths  of  any  kind  running 
direct,  that  they  followed  the  old  Indian  path  towards  Warren, 
from  Mesopotamia,  until  they  reached  the  Grand  river,  and  then 
turned  north  reaching  their  home  on  the  ice.  Mr.  Wolcott 
returned  to  New  EngUmd  in  the  summer.  He  had  a  most 
fatiguing  journey.  His  iiorse  died  in  Pennsylvania,  and  he 
had  to  walk  the  rest  of  the  way.  However,  he  succeeded  in 
returning  with  his  family  to  a  cabin  which  Horace,  his  son, 
had  erected  during  his  absence.  He  took  great  pride  in  the 
fact  that  he  had  floors,  a  loft,  doors,  and  other  extravagant  (?) 
things.  However,  when  the  women  of  the  family,  with  the 
houses  in  their  home  town  plain  in  their  mind,  arrived  in  the 
wilderness  and  saw  this  humble  hut,  it  was  impossible  not  to 
show  wet  eyes.  In  1808  Horace  married  Sabrina  Tracy  and 
had  nine  children,  his  wife  dying  in  1865  and  he  in  1873. 

The  Wolcott  family  was  a  mixed  one.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wolcott  had  lieen  previously  married.  Each  had  three  daugh- 
ters. ]\Irs.  Wolcott 's  children  were  named  Higgins.  She  was 
a  rather  unusual  woman.  Her  father  had  been  a  sea-captain 
and  he  had  brought  her  many  beautiful  presents  from  foreign 
countries,  and  she  had  received  a  practical  education  at  his 
hand.  These  women,  therefore,  were  ill  prepared  for  the  hard- 
ships awaiting  in  the  wilderness.  Mrs.  Wolcott 's  first  husband. 
Dr.  Higgins,  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Bevolutionary  war.  From 
the  "Memorial  to  the  Pioneer  AVomen  of  the  Reserve"  we  quote: 


HISTORY  OF  TEU.MBULL  COl-XTY  443 

"He  was  a  courtlj'  geutleman,  resplendent  iu  lace  frills, 
jeweled  knee  buckles,  and  powdered  wig.  Equally  fine  in 
stilt'  brocade,  slippers  and  fan,  was  his  wife  Nancy.  She 
l)rought  with  her  to  her  home  in  the  forests  of  the  Reserve, 
P>oston-made  gouiis  and  other  wearing  apparel  which  show 
her  to  have  had  dainty  taste  and  a  fine  figure.  '  *  *  * 
After  her  death  these  long  unused  gowns  were  divided 
among  hei'  daughters  and  are  still  in  the  hands  of  her 
descendants." 

She  died  iu  1824  and  ^Ir.  AVolcott  married  the  third  time. 
This  wife  was  a  Mrs.  Brown,  of  Warren.  He  seems  to  have  had 
a  fondness  for  widows,  and  iiis  family  largely  consisted  of 
daughters.  The  last  child,  that  of  the  third  marriage,  was 
named  Nancy,  the  name  of  his  second  wife. 

Josiah  Wolcott  early  recog-nized  the  fact  that  one  of  the 
most  needed  things  iu  this  new  country  was  a  mill.  The  nearest 
IDoints  wliere  grain  could  he  ground  were  Garrettsville  and 
Bristol.  He  made  three  attempts  to  build  one  before  he  was 
successful. 

E.  P.  Wolcott.  the  son  of  Josiah,  who  spent  most  of  his 
life  in  Farmington,  held  several  positions  of  trust,  and  died 
in  1881. 

(_'aptain  Erastns  was  the  fourth  son  of  Josiah  and  Lydia 
Wolcott.  He  was  only  eight  years  old  when  his  father  came 
to  Farmington.  He  married  Almira  Hannahs,  of  a  well  known 
Nelson  family.  He  was  captain  of  the  state  militia  iu  1825. 
His  wife  died  in  1865  and  the  following  year  he  married 
Celestia  Worrell,  whose  first  husband  was  John  Worrell.  He 
died  the  following  year. 

Charlotte,  a  daughter  of  Josiah  Wolcott,  who  married 
William  Smith,  was  for  years  the  only  milliner  in  the  township. 

Theodore  Wolcott  became  a  permanent  citizen  of  Farm- 
ington in  1814.  His  wife  was  Ehoda  Goodrich ;  he  had  nine 
children.  He  lived  to  be  seveuty-three,  his  wife  eighty-eight. 
His  oldest  son,  Lewis,  was  well  remembered  by  the  business 
men  of  the  present  time.  He  was  the  father  of  0.  L.  Wolcott. 
and  of  Mrs.  Florilla  Wolcott  StuU.  0.  L.  Wolcott  was  born 
in  182.3,  married  Martha  F.  Kibbee  of  the  Kibbee  family  of  the 
township.  Both  ]\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Wolcott  have  died  within  the 
last  few  years.  Their  children  living  are  Ella  H.  (Mrs.  Cham- 
berlain), Emma  A.   (Mrs.  Millikin),  Carrie  F.   (Mrs.  Peters), 


■iU  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

Grace  L.  (Mrs.  Smith),  and  Frank  B.  Mr.  Wolcott  served  four 
years  as  county  auditor,  taking  his  seat  in  1859;  served  two 
years  as  commissioner  of  railroads  and  telegraphs;  became 
cashier  of  the  Trumbull  National  Bank  (now  Western  Ee- 
sei-ve)  in  1884.  He  was  greatly  respected  in  his  home  town 
and  took  a  proper  place  in  the  business  life  in  Warren  upon 
his  removal  to  the  county  seat.  No  woman  in  Warren  was 
better  beloved,  did  more  for  philanthropy  and  church,  than 
did  Florilla  AVolcott,  the  wife  of  John  Stull.  Her  deeds  are 
referred  to  in  several  places  in  the  AVarren  history.  She  was 
an  ideal  wife  and  mother.  Her  husband,  John  M.  Stull, 
although  much  more  delicate  of  constitution  than  she  was,  sur- 
vived her  many  years.  Their  daughter,  Minnie  (Mrs.  A.  F. 
Harris),  resides  in  the  Stull  homestead  on  Mahoning  avenue, 
and  has  devoted  a  goodly  part  of  her  time  the  last  few  years  to 
the  maintaining  of  the  Public  Kindergarten.  She  has  one  son, 
Stull  Harris. 

Gad  Hart  moved  his  family  to  Heushaw  in  1807  and  lived 
in  the  cabin  which  the  first  settlers  had  constiiicted.  It  stood 
where  the  Wolcott  store  stood  so  many  years. 

In  1815  Orin  Taft  and  Daniel  settled  on  the  State  road, 
and  after  a  few  other  families  had  congregated  near  them,  the 
settlement  became  known  as  "Taftsville."  From  1816  to  1820, 
the  postoffice  was  there  and  Daniel  Taft  was  the  first  post- 
master. The  Tafts  were  influential  people.  The  wife  of 
Daniel  was  Mary  Hmnphrey.  She  arrived  in  Youngstown  with 
her  people,  in  1800.  Her  sister  Kezia  taught  the  first  school 
(or  one  of  the  first)  in  Youngstown.  Mrs.  Henry  Taft  was 
Lamira  Kirkham,  sister  of  Samuel  Kirkham,  the  author  of 
"Kirkham's  Grammar."  Sarah  J.  Hart,  one  of  the  sisters 
of  the  well  known  Hart  brothers,  married  a  Taft  and  by  this 
marriage  two  of  the  old  families  of  Farmiugion  were  united. 
Mrs.  Taft  has  been  one  of  the  most  energetic  women  of  Farm- 
iugton.  She  was  an  officer  in  the  Ohio  Woman  Suffrage  Asso- 
ciation in  the  '80s,  and  has  always  been  interested  in  temperance 
work. 

Mrs.  James  Stull  was  from  Glasgow,  Scotland.  Her  maiden 
name  was  Mclllvee.  Her  daughter,  Henrietta  Stull,  married 
Henry  McKinney,  afterwards  common  pleas  jiidge  in  Cleveland, 
and  lier  son  was  John  M.  Stull,  often  referred  to  in  other  parts 
of  this  work.  The  sterling  qualities  of  this  staunch  Scotch 
woman  were  shown  in  her  son  and  her  granddaughter.     Judge 


HlSTOr.Y  OF  TI^r^rBULL  COUXTY  445 

McKinuey's  mother  lived  in  AVest  Farmingtoii,  and  liis  sister, 
Sally  Ann,  -was  the  wife  of  Joel  Tyler.  Mrs.  McKinney  was 
one  of  the  hardest  workers  in  Farmington.  It  is  recorded  that 
she  did  her  own  work  when  they  kept  thirty  eows,  and  sjjun  two 
runs  of  yarn  a  day.  Sadie  McKinney  Haserrot  is  the  grand- 
daughter of  this  Anna  ITollev  McKinney  and  of  Katherine 
Melllvee  Stull. 

Abijali  Lee,  unlike  most  of  the  early  settlers  of  Farming- 
ton,  came  from  New  York.  He  traveled  the  whole  five  hundred 
miles  in  winter,  bringing  with  him  his  mother-in-law,  who  was 
eighty-three  years  old,  and  eleven  children.  His  oldest  son 
was  Eoswell.  The  latter  was  the  father  of  Angeline  Warwood, 
one  of  Warren's  most  respected  citizens,  who  now,  at  the  age 
of  eighty-five,  resides  in  Warren.  He  was  a  very  generous 
man  and  at  one  time  when  a  neighbor,  Mrs.  McKay,  lost  her 
only  cow,  he  gave  her  one  of  his  own.  Boswell  married  Sally 
Smith  of  Oppenlieim.  His  brother  Isaac  was  engaged  to  Sally's 
sister,  Mary,  and  when  Eoswell  went  east  for  Sally,  Isaac 
begged  Mary  to  return  with  them.  In  those  days  as  in  this, 
a  good  many  of  the  barbaric  thoughts  of  marriage  were  still 
held  by  people,  and  most  brides  insisted  that  the  bridegroom 
should  at  least  come  to  fetch  them,  if  they  did  not  come  to  catch 
them.  So,  Mary  hesitated  a  long  time  before  she  would  consent 
to  go  to  Isaac.  However,  the  distance  was  so  long  that  she  con- 
cluded to  waive  ceremony.  The  lover  met  the  party  at  Eock 
Creek,  where  they  had  come  in  a  sleigh,  and  the  four  were  car- 
ried to  Farmington  by  oxen  and  a  sledge.  They  were  married 
the  next  day. 

Almira  Lee,  who  married  AVilliam  Griffith,  kept  one  of  the 
most  hospitable  homes  in  Farmington.  Here  were  held  apple- 
bees,  quilting  bees,  social  meetings  of  old  and  young  people,  as 
well  as  prayer  meeting. 

The  Lee  family  was  such  a  large  one  that  when  it  was 
joined  with  the  Hydes,  equally  large,  there  were  enough  children 
to  start  a  school. 

Ira  Hyde  and  his  wife,  ^lary  Parker,  reached  Fai*mington 
in  1818,  having  spent  thirty-nine  days  on  their  journey.  Mrs. 
Hyde  was  of  Scotch  descent  and  a  woman  of  most  optimistic 
temperament.  With  his  brother  Joel,  Ira  settled  in  East  Farm- 
ington. Eunice  Hall  of  Oppenlieim.  New  Y'ork,  was  the  wife  of 
Joel.  She  came  to  Farmington  in  a  wagon  drawn  by  a  yoke  of 
oxen  and  a  team  of  horses.     The  familv  of  Joel  Hvde,  Ira 


446  HISTORY  OF  TKl'MBULL  COUNTY 

Hyde  and  Abijali  Lee  stopped  at  tlie  liouse  of  Eden  Wildman 
the  first  night  in  their  new  home.  Wildnian  had  sent  some 
grain  to  the  mill  to  be  ground  and  as  was  very  often  the  case, 
the  grist  was  delayed.  When,  therefore,  these  visitors  arrived, 
it  was  necessary  to  send  four  miles  for  corn  meal  for  their 
suppers.  However,  both  guests  and  hostess  were  happy  to  see 
each  other.  Sarah  Hyde  married  Comfort  Hurd  of  Southing- 
ton  and  was  the  mother  of  several  men  who  aftei-wards  became 
influential  citizens  of  that  town.  Of  all  of  the  Hyde  daughters, 
Eliza  was  possibly  the  most  in-osiaerous.  She  early  taugiit 
school,  married  Joel  Peck,  and -settled  in  the  Hyde-Lee  neigh- 
borhood. She  lived  a  long,  active,  useful  life,  and  left  a  fine 
property  which  was  the  result  of  good  business  management  on 
the  part  of  herself  as  well  as  her  husband. 

One  of  the  interesting  figures  in  Faiiniugton  was  Maiy 
House!,  who  was  a  famous  singer,  and  one  of  the  best  spinners 
and  weavers  the  township  had.  Her  father  helped  to  consti-uct 
the  capitol  building  at  Washingion. 

In  1835  Ira  B.  Crane  and  his  Avife,  Lucy  Eawdou,  came  to 
Farmington  to  live.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Horace  Eawdon, 
who  kept  Eawdon's  Hotel  in  Warren.  As  a  young  woman  she 
was  exceedingly  popular.  Her  husband  was  a  shoemaker.  She 
helped  him  bind  shoes  and  often  in  the  busy  season  worked  way 
into  tlie  night  with  him. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Benton  were  among  the  most  substantial 
of  Farming-ton's  citizens.  Mrs.  Benton  lived  to  be  ninety-one 
years  old,  was  active  in  the  First  Presbyterian  church  of  Farm- 
ington, and  was  so  good  a  knitter  that  she  sold  socks  and  stock- 
ings of  her  own  make.  She  is  remembered  as  the  woman  who 
"shot  the  bear." 

We  think  of  the  pioneer  women  as  always  being  at  hard 
labor,  Imt  occasionally  a  woman,  either  from  executive  ability 
or  inclination,  managed  to  retain  some  of  the  ways  of  eastern 
society.  Mrs.  Amos  P.  Woodford,  and  her  sister.  Miss  Wheeler, 
held  Saturday  afternoon  receptions,  about  1814,  which  the 
young  women  of  the  neighborhood  attended.  At  these  meetings 
they  were  taught  the  art  of  "polite  conversation,  how  to  ajjpear 
in  com])any"  and  how  to  do  fine  sewing  and  embroidery. 

Among  the  early  settlers  of  West  Farmington  were  Joel 
and  Eliza  Peck.  Their  second  child.  Dr.  Allen  Peck,  was  a 
physician  who  studied  in  New  York  City  and  Cleveland,  prac- 
ticing in   Springfield,  New  Mexico   and  Omaha.     He  married 


HISTORY  OF  TRt  Mr.T'LL  COIWIT  447 

Cordie  A.  Fuller,  who  was  likewise  a  native  of  Farmiugtou. 
Her  father  was  major  of  militia  and  postmaster  at  Taftsburg. 
After  Dr.  Peek's  marriage  he  resided  for  a  time  in  Farmington, 
then  in  Cleveland,  Akron,  retiii'ning  to  Cleveland,  where  he 
died  in  1878.  He  left  two  children,  Frank  J.  and  Cora  M., 
who  now  reside  in  Cleveland,  which  is  Mrs.  Peck's  home.  The 
men  of  the  Peck  family  were  tall  and  very  strong,  and  Mr. 
Frank  Peck  is  Hke  them  }iliysicaliy.  Mrs.  Cordie  Peck  is  a 
.sister  of  .Mrs.  Alk^n  Jones,  formerly  of  Kinsman. 

We  have  seen  how  the  Wolcotts,  tiie  Hydes,  the  Lees,  with 
their  large  families,  were  intiuential  citizens  in  the  first  days 
of  Farmington.  Probaltly  no  family  of  the  later  times  was 
better  known  than  that  of  the  Harts.  The  boys  began  their 
lives  in  Farmington,  were  educated  there,  most  of  them  came 
to  Warren  and  separated  for  different  ])arts  of  the  country. 
They  were  interested  in  politics  and  whatever  county  candidate 
had  the  Hart  boys  on  his  side  was  sure  to  make  a  good  showing 
in  the  nominating  convention,  at  least.  The  father  was  Joseph 
C.  Hart;  the  mother,  Rosanna  Cloff.  ^\y.  Hart  was  from  Con- 
necticut, Mrs.  Hart,  Massachusetts.  They  came  to  Ohio  in 
1840.  They  had  thirteen  children.  Hiram  S.,  who  lived  in 
Gustavus,  and  followed  his  trade  as  a  blacksmith,  now  resides 
in  Warren,  with  his  son  Clinton.  He  is  eighty-four  years  old. 
Frances  married  Mr.  Fries.  Sarah  J.  (Mrs.  Taft)  is  elsewhere 
referred  to.  Ann  .Jeanette  became  ^Irs.  Maltby.  John  O. 
Hart,  for  many  years  a  successful  clothier  in  Warren,  died  about 
thi-ee  years  ago.  He  was  president  of  the  New  National  Bank, 
and  a  substantial  citizen.  He  married  Miss  Caldwell,  a  sister  of 
Oscar  Caldwell.  Arlington,  who  married  Sadie  Augstadt, 
and  resided  for  a  while  in  Warren,  is  dead.  Albert  ^l. 
died  from  exposure  in  a  lebel  prison  during  the  war.  Me- 
lancthon  ])racticed  law  in  Warren.  Cleveland  moved  to  Okla- 
homa and  married  Mary  Caniji,  a  sister  of  A.  B.  Cam]i.  He 
died  a  few  years  since,  and  his  widow  residing  in  Guthrie,  has 
managed  his  property  very  successfully.  \'.  ^.l.  Hart  re- 
sides in  Warren.  His  wife  was  Miss  Clark  (if  .Mesopotamia. 
Their  son,  Ross,  is  ])ro])rietor  of  a  shoe  stoi-e.  The  mother 
of  this  family  lived  to  be  seventy  three  years  old.  and 
was  an  able  Avoman,  strong  of  mind  and  heart.  She  was 
devoted  to  her  church,  an  energetic  worker,  and  exceedingly 
charitable. 

Each  township  in  Trumbull  County  has  one  or  more  citizens 


448  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

who,  from  natural  ability,  environment  or  circumstances,  has 
acquired  more  or  less  national  fame.  Charles  A.  Dana,  who 
came  to  Farmington  in  1833  from  New  Hampshire,  stands  in 
tliat  position  in  Farmington.  He  was  editor  of  the  New  York 
Sun  for  many  years,  when  it  stood  at  or  near  the  head  of  the 
metropolitan  j^ress. 

The  oldest  resident,  at  the  present  time,  is  James  C.  Ken- 
nedy, who  came  to  Farmington  in  1839  with  his  wife,  Sarah 
Curry.  They  had  eleven  children,  two  of  whom  have  made  more 
than  an  ordinary  place  for  themselves  in  the  literary  world: 
James  H.,  who  wrote  "History  of  Cleveland"  and  who  is  now  a 
newspaper  man  in  New  York;  and  Charles  E.,  who  made  the 
Plain  Dealer  of  Cleveland  the  most  powerful  newspaper  of  nor- 
thern Ohio,  and  who  has,  at  this  writing,  become  one  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  Cleveland  Leader. 

The  first  marriage  in  Farmington  was  that  of  Lewis 
Wolcott  and  Nancy  Higgins. 

Anna  Bruce,  the  wife  of  Asahel  Belden,  was  the  first  and 
probably  the  last  to  construct  an  oven  in  Farmington.  She 
grew  tired  of  trying  to  bake  in  a  kettle,  and  trying'  to  have 
an  oven  made  for  her,  so  made  it  herself. 

The  first  white  people  in  East  Farmington  were  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Eden  Wildman. 

The  first  woman  suffragist  was  Mrs.  Samuel  French.  She 
was  not  only  fearless  as  to  principles,  but  on  meeting  a  bear 
in  the  forest,  saved  her  life  by  suddenly  opening  her  umbrella 
and  shouting  at  the  same  time. 

Mrs.  Selden  Spencer  was  a  self-educated  woman  and 
interested  in  the  cause  of  woman  suffrage.  Her  daughter,  Mrs. 
E.  K.  Lewis,  shared  her  mother's  beliefs. 

The  first  birth  was  that  of  Caroline  Wolcott  on  September 
12,  1808. 

The  first  person  to  die  in  Farmington  was  Mary  (com- 
monly called  Polly)  Wolcott.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Josiah 
Wolcott,  and  on  her  trip  to  the  West,  when  she  walked  much 
of  the  way,  she  fell  from  a  log  while  crossing  a  stream,  into 
the  water,  contracted  a  cold,  and  later  had  tuberculosis.  She 
died  in  1808,  and  the  spot  which  was  cleared  for  the  purpose  of 
digging  her  grave  is  now  used  for  the  cemetery. 

Mr.  Stewart,  of  Vienna,  established  the  first  store  in  Farm- 
ington.    It  stood  on  the  southeastern  corner  at  the  center. 

In  the  spring  of  1816  the  first  schoolhouse  was  erected 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 


JAMES    KENNEDY. 


HISTORY  OF  TIU'-MBrLi.  C'OrX'J'Y  449 

in  Farmington  on  the  northeast  corner  of  the  center.  Josiah 
Wolcott  and  Captain  Benton  cut  the  logs.  Erastus  Wolcott 
hauled  the  logs.  Almira  Hannahs  was  the  first  school  teacher 
of  Fanniugton.  These  two  were  later  married  and  their  de- 
scendants ought  to  feel  proud  of  the  part  they  played  in  the 
early  education  of  the  children  of  Fanniugton. 

Very  soon  after  the  erection  of  this  first  schoolhouse  a 
second  one  was  put  up  where  the  business  houses  in  West 
Farmington  now  stand. 

Among  the  early  teachers  of  this  township  were  Amelia 
Belden;  Sarah,  Mary  and  Eliza  Hyde;  the  daughters  of  Harriet 
Lee  and  Newton  Wolcott;  Sarah  A.  French;  Sophia,  Martha 
and  Maria  Hatch ;  Mary,  Eliza  and  Loretta  Lamberson.  Rev. 
Daniel  Miller  was  the  first  teacher  in  the  academy.  Other 
teachers  were  Mr.  Chapin,  Daniel  Branch,  M.  D.  Leggett, 
Caroline  and  Adeline  Griffith,  Adeline  Miller,  Julia  McKay  and 
a  Miss  Wells.  In  1831  this  academy  was  established  and  was 
known  as  the  Farmington  Academy  until  18-19.  James  Greer 
was  the  first  principal  and  so  successful  was  he  that  there  were 
sometimes  nearly  three  hundred  students  under  him.  In  1849 
so  popular  was  this  school  that  the  old  building  was  abandoned, 
money  secured  from  libei'al  people  in  the  county,  and  when  the 
three-story  building  was  completed,  it  was  known  as  the  "Farm- 
ington Normal  School."  In  the  beginning  the  Congregatiou- 
alists  exercised  authority  over  the  management,  but  in  1854  the 
trustees  transferred  this  control  to  the  ]\Iethodist  church.  In 
this  contract  it  is  stipulated  that  all  sects  and  denominations 
shall  have  equal  advantage.  At  this  time  the  name  was  again 
changed.  It  became  the  "Western  Reserve  Seminary."  In 
1868  two  dormitories  were  erected  and  here  the  students  nuiy 
board  at  club  rates.  This  seminary  has  always  had  a  good 
standing  and  many  a  Trimibull  County  boy  has  been  educated 
and  consequently  made  a  name  for  himself,  because  of  the 
existence  of  this  institution.  Senator  Stewart,  of  Nevada,  was 
educated  here,  as  was  General  Asa  W.  Jones  and  John  M. 
Stull.  Junius  Dana,  who  taught  so  successfully  in  the  early 
Warren  schools,  was  educated  in  this  seminary. 

In  1816  the  settlers  of  Henshaw,  together  with  those  of 
Bristol,  Mesopotamia,  Parkman,  and  Bolestown,  decided  that 
there  ought  to  be  preaching  in  that  neighborhood.  The.v  stated 
that  this  ought  to  be  done  for  the  sake  of  adult  and  the  children, 
but  it  is  most  likely  that  they  were  thinking  of  the  children, 


450  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

since  most  pioneers  were  anxious  about  the  education  of  their 
offspring.  A  subscription  list  for  the  purpose  of  pajnng  the 
minister  was  circulated  with  the  following  results :  Josiah 
Wolcott,  $30;  David  Curtis,  $8;  William  Wilson,  $10;  Gad  Hart, 
$12;  Zenas  Custis  Jr.,  $6;  Lewis  Wolcott,  $7;  Josiah  Wolcott, 
$5;  Gad  Bartholomew,  $10;  Ezra  Curtis,  $5;  John  D.  Heath- 
man,  $5;  Josiah  P.  Danford,  $8;  Dennis  Lewis,  $10;  Jake  Bar- 
tholomew, 13  cents;  Amos  P.  Woodford,  8  cents;  Horace  Wol- 
cott, $7.  The  above  were  all  from  Henshaw,  and  the  subscrip- 
tions received  from  Bristol  amounted  to  $77.25. 

The  Congregational  church  at  Farmington,  like  most  of 
the  Presbyterian  churches  of  the  county,  was  organized  by  the 
Eev.  Joseph  Badger,  on  the  union  plan.  The  first  members 
"were  Abiel  and  Rel^ecca  Jones,  Josiah  and  Nancy  Wolcott, 
David  and  Elizabeth  Curtis,  David  and  Lois  Belden,  Eimice 
Hart,  Polly  Benton,  and  Rebecca  Jones.  Later  Theodore 
Wolcott  and  his  wife  Ehoda  and  Gad  Hart  were  admitted  to 
membership.  The  deacons  were  Josiah  and  Theodore  Wolcott. 
The  first  preachers  were  Eevs.  Badger,  Leslie,  Darrow  and 
Jones.  The  church  was  under  the  care  of  the  Grand  River 
Presbyter^'.  The  growth  of  this  early  church  was  slow  imtil 
1825.  On  July  10,  1825,  Rev.  Luther  H.  Humphrey  baptized 
forty  children.  In  1860  the  church  became  Presbyterian  and 
continued  until  1874,  when  it  returaed  to  its  first  organization. 
Congregational. 

The  first  church  of  this  denomination  was  the  pride  of  the 
community.  It  had  a  steeple.  It  was  built  in  1828,  continued 
to  be  used  until  1850.  At  this  writing  there  are  few  services 
held  in  the  church  building,  which  was  the  second  one  erected 
by  this  organization. 

Rev.  Daniel  Miller,  one  of  the  first  teachers  in  the  academy, 
organized  a  church  at  West  Farmington  in  1834.  It  had  six- 
teen men  and  twenty-three  women  members  to  start  with.  ]\[ost 
of  them  came  from  church  organizations  at  the  center.  It  has 
lived  all  these  years  and  done  very  good  work. 

In  the  fall  of  1818,  in  the  log  schoolliouse  in  East  Farm- 
ington, a  Methodist  class  of  seven  members  was  formed  by 
Ira  Eddy,  comj)osed  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eden  Wildman  and  the 
Tatter's  mother,  Joel  and  Eunice  Hyde  and  daughter.  Rev. 
Eddy,  Jacob  Baker  and  "Father"  Wilbur  were  among  the 
first  preachers. 

The  first  Metliodist  society  was   organized  at   Taftsburg 


HISTORY  OF  TRU.ALBULL  COUXTY  iol 

by  Elder  Sweeney  in  1825.  Tlie  members  were  Clarissa, 
Aretliusa  and  Anna  Bosworth,  Jane  and  Mary  Taft,  James  and 
Catherine  Stnll,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grosbeak.  The  first  meetings 
were  held  in  the  ball  room  of  the  State  Road  Hotel. 


CHAPTER  XXXVI.— FOWLER. 

Salt  Manufacture  by  Indians. — Mrs.  Asa  Foote. — "Tyrrell 

Hill." — An  Important  AIanufactory. — The  Morrow, 

Baldwin,    Doud,   and   Alderman    Families. — 

Congregational,  Methodist  and 

Christian  Churches. 

Township  5,  range  2,  was  first  called  "Westfield"  in  honor 
of  the  home  town  of  Samuel  Fowler,  who  purchased  this  tract 
in  1798  for  less  than  fifty  cents  an  acre.  -Later  the  township 
took  his  name.  Abner  Fowler  was  the  first  white  man  to  live 
there.  He  was  a  surveyor  by  profession  and  received,  one 
hundred  acres  of  land  for  his  services.  His  wife  having  died 
at  his  home  in  Massachusetts,  he  came  to  this  new  country, 
built  a  log  house,  and  for  a  time  lived  alone.  He  was  one  of 
a  family  of  ten  children  who  lived  to  be  from  sixty  to  ninety 
years  old.  They  were  all  fathers  of  families.  The  house  of 
James  Fowler,  a  son  of  Samuel,  used  to  stand,  within  the  mem- 
ory of  the  oldest  settlers,  a  little  south  of  the  center. 

Authorities  differ  as  to  who  the  first  woman  resident  was. 
It  is  recorded  that  when  Alma  Barnes  was  seventeen  years  old 
(1800)  she  came  to  this  township  and  was  the  first  white  woman. 
But  Mrs.  C.  D.  Hayes,  in  "The  Pioneeer  Women,"  says  that 
when  Levi  Foote  and  his  family  arrived  in  1801,  the  women 
of  his  family  were  the  first.  At  any  rate,  Mrs.  Foote,  and  Mr. 
Foote 's  mother,  Mrs.  Thompson,  who  was  a  relative  of  Aaron 
Burr,  were  bright  women.  They  located  near  the  center  in 
1801. 

Whatever  may  be  the  disagreement  about  the  first  white 
woman  who  made  a  home  here,  there  is  no  dispute  about  the 
first  white  child.  She  was  Lydia  Foote,  the  daughter  of  Levi 
and  Millie,  and  was  born  in  1805. 

There  were  Indians  in  the  township  of  Fowler  when  the 
white  men  arrived,  but  there  was  nothing  unusual  about  them 
either  in  their  lives  or  in  the  way  which  they  treated  the  white 
men.  They  made  salt  which  they  said  they  Ijoiled  from  water 
obtained  in  Johnston.     If  this  were  so,  it  seems  strange  that 

452 


HlSTOIjy   OF  TIUMIU'LL  COUXTY  4oo 

no  settlers  later  found  any  brackish  \Yater  in  that  viciuity. 
They  sold  their  product  to  Colonel  Hayes.  Salt  at  this  time 
was  often  as  high  as  twenty-five  dollars  a  barrel. 

In  1801)  there  were  living  in  the  township  the  families  of 
Levi  Foote,  Lemuel  Barnes,  J.  Fisher  and  John  Morrow. 

Although  the  Fowlers  were  among  the  early  settlers,  few 
if  any  of  their  descendants  lived  out  their  lives  there.  Two  of 
Abner's  children  came  to  that  country,  but  one  moved  to  Brook- 
field,  and  the  other  died  in  Hartford.  Abner  Fowler's  mother, 
who  was  the  widow  of  Asa  Foote  before  her  marriage,  was  so 
remarkable  a  woman  as  to  be  claimed  by  the  historians  of 
Vienna,  Fowler,  and  Hartford.  She  lived  to  be  one  hundred 
years  old  and  was  a  most  remarkable  woman  in  every  way. 
When  in  Fowler,  she  shot  a  wolf,  and  seemed  to  have,  in  every 
way,  the  courage  of  a  backwoodsman.  Several  facts  in  regard 
to  her  life  will  be  found  in  the  Hartford  chapter. 

The  year  1806  marked  the  arrival  of  seven  families  from 
Connecticut.  Among  these  were  Elijah  Tyrrell  and  wife,  her 
three  brothers  (Meeker)  and  their  families,  and  Wakeman  Silli- 
man  and  wife,  all  of  whom  became  well  known  in  the  histoiy  of 
Trumbull  County.  They  settled  in  the  part  of  the  township 
which  was  afterwards  called  "Tyrrell  Hill."  Li  fact,  the 
women  of  the  company  stayed  at  the  house  of  .loel  Humiston 
in  Vienna,  while  the  men  went  on  to  Fowler  to  prepare  some 
kind  of  quarters  for  them.  As  these  houses  were  built  near 
the  Vienna  line,  the  men  were  really  not  far  separated  from 
their  families.  This  little  community  soon  had  a  schoolhouse, 
and  Esther  Jennings  was  the  teacher,  Wakeman  Silliman  offer- 
ing his  house  for  this  school.  Elijah  Tyrrell's  house  was  of 
unusual  grandeur  for  that  time.  It  was  split  logs,  it  had  an 
upper  floor,  and  also  a  door  with  wooden  hinges.  ^\liereas 
many  of  the  early  settlers  were  content  to  eat  from  boards  or 
chests,  his  house  had  crude  tables  made  with  cross  legs.  There 
was  not  a  nail  nor  a  spike  used  in  the  construction  of  this  house 
or  its  furniture.  Everything  was  made  of  wood,  and  the  logs 
of  course  were  chinked  with  mud.  It  was  around  this  then 
comfortable  home  that  friends  and  relatives  gathered.  Mrs. 
Tyrrell  had  dishes  and  spoons,  few  in  number,  to  be  sure,  but 
soon  one  of  the  Meekers  built  a  little  shop,  put  up  his  lathe, 
and  then  he  made  wooden  dishes  and  wooden  spoons  and  forks, 
so  there  was  plenty  to  be  had. 

Elijah  Tyrrell's  father,  Asahel,  was  a  soldier  in  the  war 


454  TITSTORY  OF  TT;r:\IBrLL  COUXTY 

of  the  Eevolution,  and  Elijah  was  in  the  war  of  1812.  He 
was  by  trade  a  blacksmith,  and  had  a  shop  in  Fowler.  In 
fact,  the  men  who  settled  about  Tyrrell  Hill  were  all  mechanical 
and  this  corner  of  the  township  was  attractive  to  the  pioneer. 
Later,  when  Abijah  Tyrrell  came  west  and  went  into  the  shop 
with  Asahel,  the  son  of  Elijah,  their  place  was  one  worthy  of 
any  manufacturers  of  this  district.  They  made  knives,  chains, 
plows,  hoes,  axes,  scythes,  etc.  The  Tyrrell  famih'  made  the 
first  scythes  manufactured  in  Trumbull  County,  and  sold  all 
they  could  make. 

We  have  seen  that  the  first  birth  in  the  township  was 
that  of  Lydia  Foote. 

Abner  Fowler  was  the  first  man  to  die. 

Abner  Fowler  Jr.  and  Esther  Jennings  were  the  first 
to  marry. 

James  Fowler  built  the  first  frame  house;  Daniel 
Meeker,  the  first  sawmill. 

Elijah  Tyrrell  was  the  first  lilacksmith,  and  he  also 
had  the  first  cider  mill.  In  1819  he  manufactured  ninety- 
six  barrels  of  cider. 

Isaac  Smith  was  Fowler's  first  undertaker.  He  was 
also  an  early  postmaster  and  justice  of  the  peace. 

The  first  justice  of  the  peace  was  John  F.  Kingsley, 
who  served  fifteen  years. 

The  first  doctor  was  Moses  E.  Porter. 

The  first  merchant  was  Elijah  Barnes,  who  kept  store 
at  Tyrrell  Hill. 

Caleb  Leonard  was  an  early  mail  carrier  on  the  War- 
ren-Ashtabula route. 

Among  the  early  families  settling  in  Fowler,  well  known 
in  other  parts  of  the  country,  were  the  Morrows.  When  they 
first  arrived  in  Fowler  they  had  no  house,  and  slept  in  their 
wagons.  John,  as  we  have  said,  was  the  pioneer.  His  son 
Robert  was  the  father  of  James,  who  married  the  oldest  daugh- 
ter of  Dwight  Chapman  of  Hartford,  and  of  Martha,  the  first 
wife  of  Edwin  Bennett,  of  Warren.  Miss  Emma  Bennett,  of 
Warren,  is  a  great-granddaughter  of  John  ]\Iorrow.  Sarah 
Morrow,  daughter  of  John,  and  wife  of  William  Jones,  was 
among  the  early  teachers. 

Ephraim  Baldwin  was  also  one  of  the  substantial  pioneers 
of  Fowler.     He  married  Celestia  Wlieeler,  who  came  to  Fowler 


IIISTOI.'Y  OF  TlU'.Air.ULL  COTXTY  -[:>r, 

about  1803.  They  had  ten  children,  seven  girls  and  three  boys. 
Mr.  Baldwin  used  to  take  the  cheese  which  Mrs.  Baldwin  made 
to  Ashtaluila  and  other  places  on  the  lake,  and  exchange  it  for 
merchandise.  Mrs.  Baldwin  was  left,  while  he  was  on  these 
trips,  alone  with  this  gi'eat  brood  of  children.  Besides  her  own, 
she  cared  for  two  oi"phan  gi-andchildren.  She  used  to  entertain 
these  two  little  folks  telling  them  of  the  early  times  in  Fowler, 
how  the  Indians  used  to  come  to  her  father's  home  and  how 
she  used  to  hide  behind  her  mother's  skirts  because  she  was  so 
afraid  of  them.  The  children  and  grandchildren  of  Ephraim 
Baldwin  have  been  very  numerous  and  a  majority  of  them  lived 
in  Trumbull  County.  In  most  cases  they  have  been  connected 
by  marriage  with  other  pioneer  families.  Lucy  married  A.  R. 
Silliman  (whose  mother  was  Naomi  Tyrrell.)  They  had  a  large 
family  of  children.  The  oldest.  Alice,  married  one  of  the 
Siglers,  of  Fowler,  and  now  lives  in  Cleveland.  Mary  married 
C.  C.  Clawson,  of  an  old  Trumbull  County  family  and  who 
at  present  is  county  auditor.  Olive  married  a  Swager, 
likewise  of  Trumljull  County,  and  Carrie  married  Mr. 
Fred  Stone,  the  son  of  Roswell  Stone,  a  very  important 
man  in  Trumbull  Coitnty's  early  history.  Darius  Baldwin,  a 
son  of  Ephraim,  was  for  many  years  a  merchant  in  Fowler,  and 
Henry  C.  married  Justine  Iddings,  whose  family  on  both  sides 
were  among  the  very  first  settlers  of  Warren  township. 

Samuel  Doud,  with  his  wife,  Lois  Garrett,  in  1822  came 
west  with  their  eleven  children.  They  had  a  wagon  drawn  by 
three  horses,  which  held  tlieir  provisions,  goods,  etc.,  while 
Mrs.  Doud  and  her  younger  children  occupied  another  cart. 
Mr.  Doud  and  some  of  the  older  children  walked  most  of  the 
way.  It  took  them  three  weeks  to  reach  Fowler,  and  here  Mrs. 
Doud  and  the  family  stayed  two  years,  while  Mr.  Doud  went 
on  to  Vienna  and  cleared  up  land,  to  which  the  family  finally 
moved.  He  died  in  1849  and  Mrs.  Doud  returned  to  Fow^Ier, 
where  she  spent  her  last  days.  ^Irs.  Doud  had  a  hard  experi- 
ence, without  comforts,  and  having  been  used  to  a  comfortable 
home  in  the  east,  she  became  so  awfully  homesick  that  they 
feared  she  would  not  live.  Accompanied  by  her  husband  and 
a  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nichols,  leaving  the  older  children  to  care  for 
the  younger,  they  set  out  for  a  trip  to  New  England.  They 
found  their  parents  dead,  and  so  many  changes  having  occurred, 
they  realized  their  home  was  really  gone,  and  returned  satisfied 
with  the  conditions  under  which  thev  lived.     A  granddaughter 


456  HISTOKY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

of  Mrs.  Doud,  a  daughter  of  Adeline,  was  one  of  the  veiy  active 
elderly  women  of  Fowler,  a  few  years  ago. 

Mrs.  C.  D.  Hayes,  of  Tyrrell  Hill,  is  responsible  for  the 
statement  that  Emily  Beach,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Harry  Beach, 
was  so  small  at  the  time  of  her  birth  that  they  could  slip  a 
tea-cup  over  her  head,  but  that  she  grew  with  such  marked 
rapidity  that  she  was  a  woman  of  more  than  ordinary  size. 
She  first  married  Mr.  Trowbridge,  and  then  Ephraim  Post,  who 
was  for  years  one  of  the  substantial  citizens  of  Cortland. 

Among  the  early  families  of  Fowler  was  that  of  the 
Aldermans.  Many  of  their  descendants  are  now  in  Trumbull 
County.  Timotliy  had  a  daughter,  Dorcas,  who  was  the  mother 
of  L.  W.  Sanford,  a  former  treasurer  of  Trumbull  County 
and  now  residing  in  Warren.  Dorcas  had  five  other 
children  aside  from  L.  W.,  but  he,  and  Noble  F.  of 
Pittsburg,  are  the  only  two  now  living.  Lyman  Alderman  had 
a  son  Lewis.  Lewis  was  twice  married;  first  to  Annie  Hutchins, 
who  had  a  daughter  May.  The  latter  is  a.  dressmaker  residing 
in  Warren.  Lewis'  second  wife  was  Margaret  Butts,  whose 
son  Homer  was  possibly  the  best  known  of  the  AldeiTiaans  of 
his  generation.  He  married  Ida,  the  daughter  of  Darius  Bald- 
win, and  thus  two  Fowler  families  were  united.  George 
Alderman  married  Mary  Greenwood  of  the  well  known  Green- 
wood family,  and  their  yomigest  child.  Homer  (a  family  name), 
married  Gertrude  Campbell.  This  marriage  united  two  of 
Trumbull  County's  oldest  families  also.  George  Alderman 
died  in  1871,  and  his  wife  Mary  carried  on  the  farm  for  some 
time  very  successfully.     She  died  the  middle  of  June,  1909. 

The  people  of  Fowler  have  always  kept  a  record  of  the 
fact  that  at  the  time  of  Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie,  the  dis- 
charge of  the  cannon  was  plainly  heard  there. 

In  the  general  history  of  Trmnbull  County  the  author 
dwelt  at  length  on  ax  marks  found  in  trees  which  showed  them 
to  be  several  hundred  years  old,  and  marked  by  men  living  here 
before  any  of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company  appeared.  Most 
of  these  marks  were  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Western  Reserve, 
although  there  were  occasionally  those  at  Canfield  and  otlier 
portions  of  the  south.  Elijali  Tyrrell  in  his  diary  says  that 
in  1821  he  felled  a  tree  which  had  two  hundred  and  five  annular 
rings.  This  would  make  the  tree  standing  before  the  landing 
of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers.  Some  scientists  now  tell  us  that  occa- 
sionally trees  make  two  ring  growths  a  year. 


nisTOKY  OF  ■I'lUMi'.ri.L  corxTY  i.-.r 

The  deprivation  aud  the  experiences  of  the  first  settlers 
of  Fowler  were  ahnost  identical  with  those  of  other  townships. 
There  was  the  same  spinning,  the  same  cooking,  the  same 
Indians,  the  same  making  of  garments,  woven  and  spun  by 
women,  as  well  as  the  buckskin  trousers;  the  same  clearing-  of 
land,  felling  of  trees,  raising  of  stock  and  organization  of  the 
county. 

Rev.  Joseph  Badger  is  sui)posed  to  have  preached  the  first 
sermon  in  Fowler  in  ISO".  No  early  records,  however,  have 
been  kept  of  the  first  churches.  Among  the  first  was  a  Congre- 
gational church.  It  is  presumed  that  when  the  congregation 
was  organized,  it  was  on  the  union  plan.  Money  was  raised 
and  a  house  built  in  18.36,  on  condition  that  other  denominations 
might  hold  services  in  it.  This  organization  disbanded  after  a 
time  because  there  were  not  enough  people  to  attend  it.  Simon 
Aldrich,  Charles  Tucker,  Henry  Sanders,  John  Morrow  and 
Carrie  Barnes,  for  the  sum  of  twenty-five  dollars,  purchased 
the  lot  on  which  this  house  stood.  Gideon  Waterhouse  and  his 
wife  Phoebe  made  the  deed.  The  title  was  transferred  to  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  August,  1873,  and  since  that 
time  the  property  lias  belonged  to  this  denomination. 

In  the  very  early  days  of  Fowler,  as  early  as  1815,  a 
Methodist  class  was  formed  of  Rev.  Alfred  Bronson  and  his 
wife,  Abner  Fowler  and  his  wife,  Newman  Tucker  and  his  wife, 
and  Charles  Tucker.  Mr.  Bronson  had  settled  in  Tyrrell  Cor- 
ners in  1812.  He  later  took  up  the  property  at  the  corners 
which  Mr.  Stewart  had  cleared  of  timber,  and  upon  which  he 
was  about  to  raise  a  house,  when  he  suddenly  left  and  never 
came  liack.  Soon  after  the  formation  of  this  class.  Rev.  Joseph 
Davis,  a  local  preacher,  his  wife  and  several  members  of  the 
Barnes  family.  Joined.  Their  first  church  was  erected  south 
of  the  center  and  was  a  small,  plain  affair.  There  is  preaching 
every  other  Sunday  at  this  church.  There  have  been  some 
members  of  the  United  Brethren  church  in  Fowler  and  they 
had  a  church  in  the  western  part  of  the  town,  at  Fowler  Ridge. 
Sei-vices  are  occasionally  held  there  by  other  denominations. 

The  Christian  church  built  a  house  for  services  in  1852. 
Although  the  congregation  has  not  been  large,  they  have  gen- 
erally held  services  since.  This  church  is  on  the  east  side  of 
the  public  square,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Derthick,  of  Cortland, 
preaches  there  every  other  Sunday. 


CHAPTER  XXXVIL— GREENE. 

Canadian    Immigrants. — The    Wakefields,    H.\eeingtons    and 
Other    Pioneers. — Character    of    First    Settlers. — Pio- 
neer   Incidents. — Epit.aphs. — R.    C.    Rice's    Reminis- 
cences.— Formation  of  the  Township. — Calvinist 
Pioneers. — First  Churches. — A  Bear  Story. 
Attending    the    Corwin    Meeting. — The 
Schools   of   Greene. — The   Harring- 
ton School. 

In  the  allotment  of  land  of  the  Western  Reserve  Company, 
Joseph  Howland  secured  the  township  of  Greene,  and  Gardner 
Greene,  of  Massachusetts,  secured  the  township  of  Howland. 
They  afterwards  exchanged,  and  named  the  townships  accord- 
ingly. Mr.  Greene  sold  one-half  of  the  township  to  a  Mr. 
Parknian.  This  township  was  the  last  settled  in  the  county, 
litigation  delaying  the  sale.  So  far  as  we  'know  there  is  no 
deed  signed  by  Greene  himself  on  record  in  Trumbull  Comity. 
This  trouble  was  tinally  settled  in  1843  or  '44.  The  part  sold 
to  Parkman  was  the  east  half  of  the  township. 

In  the  early  part  of  1800  Canada  offered  160  acres  of 
land  to  any  man  who  would  settle  on  it,  and  a  good  many  people 
from  Vemiont  and  other  New  England  states  accepted  this 
offer.  A'\^ien  the  war  of  1812  came,  and  England  exacted  of 
the  emigrants  that  they  become  British  subjects  or  leave  the 
country,  most  of  them  abandoned  their  newly  acquired  farms 
and  came  to  northeastern  Ohio. 

Dr.  John  Harrington,  of  Brooktield,  Vermont,  who  married 
a  sister  of  old  Mr.  Wakefield,  died  leaving  six  children,  and 
one  of  them,  AVilliam,  was  sent  away  from  home  and  bound 
out  until  he  was  twenty  years  old.  As  the  boy  grew,  he  realized 
his  master  was  unfair  with  him,  since  he  had  promised  to 
educate  him,  but  instead  had  allowed  him  to  go  to  school  only 
two  months.  At  eighteen  he  bought  his  remaining  time  and 
went  to  visit  an  Uncle  Joseph,  in  New  Hampshire.     ]\Iany  years 

458 


HISTOEY  OF  TIUAIBILL  COUNTY  459 

after,  when  Judge  Glidden  and  ^Ir.  Harrington  were  associated 
in  business  in  Warren,  Judge  Glidden  learned,  while  on  a  visit 
east,  that  this  great-uncle  of  ^Ir.  Harrington's  was  his  grand- 
father. 

One  of  William  Harrington's  sisters  had  been  among  the 
people  who  had  moved  into  Canada  with  the  homesteaders. 
Therefore,  young  William  went  into  her  neighborhood  and 
began  work.  He  immediately  showed  executive  ability,  and 
was  emjiloyed  by  men  in  the  lum))er  business,  and  later  had 
charge  of  a  large  body  of  French-Canadian  workmen.  He 
learned  to  speak  French.  Seeing  the  War  of  1812  approach- 
ing, he  sold  out  his  interests  and  went  back  to  Brookfield,  Ver- 
mont, where  his  mother  was  living  with  his  older  brother,  John. 
At  this  time  there  was  great  excitement  in  New  England  about 
the  lands  in  Ohio,  and  the  Harringtons  talked  of  migrating  to 
this  country. 

In  the  meantime  the  families  of  Eice,  Merritt,  Bartlett 
and  Crane,  having  the  western  fever,  had  settled  in  western 
Pennsylvania.  They,  likewise,  sent  back  word  of  the  fertility 
of  that  country,  so  that  finally  John  Harrington  and  his  wife. 
William  Harrington  and  his  mother,  with  some  others,  rigged 
up  a  sled,  sold  off  their  goods  and  started  for  (Jhio.  When 
they  got  to  Buffalo  they  found  just  a  few  houses,  blacksmith 
shop,  grocery,  and  a  tavern.  They  also  found  the  snow  nearly 
gone,  and  they  felt  sure  they  could  not  reach  their  destination 
by  sled.  They  were  greatly  troubled  as  to  what  to  do,  when  the 
Buffalo  people  told  them  that  many  of  the  emigrants  used  the 
ice  on  the  lake.  They  therefore  set  out  that  way.  They  made 
all  possible  speed,  since  the  ice,  already  covered  with  water, 
was  fast  melting.  After  some  travel,  seeing  a  creek,  they 
decided  to  run  to  shore.  Their  horses,  when  turned  toward 
land,  set  off  at  a  furious  pace  and  never  stopped  i;ntil  their 
load  was  safe,  although  they  had  to  pull  up  quite  an  embank- 
ment. The  family  felt  that  they  owed  their  deliverance  to 
"Old  Baldy"  and  "Old  Eagle"  and  cared  for  them  tenderly 
thereafter.  What  was  true  of  other  pioneers  was  also  true  of 
this  party.  They  no  sooner  were  out  of  one  trouble  until  they 
were  in  another.  Although  they  were  safely  ashore,  they  did 
not  know  whether  they  were  in  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  or  New 
York.  There  was  not  a  sign  of  life  anywhere.  Leaving  the 
women  iirotected  by  the  sled  and  blankets,  they  set  out  to  find 
shelter  if  possible.    When  they  had  gone  five  or  six  miles,  what 


4(30  HISTORY  OF  Tin'MBULL  tJOrNTY 

was  their  astonishment  to  come  upon  their  neighbors  and  rela- 
tives who  had  moved  from  their  own  section  to  Canada  and 
then  into  western  Pennsylvania.  They  retraced  their  steps  for 
those  left  behind,  and  when  night  came  down  they  were  all 
safe  under  the  roof  of  friends.  This  was  as  remarkable  an 
instance  as  any  recorded  in  this  history. 

The  question  of  migration  to  Ohio  was  being  discussed 
among  these  families,  and  finally  Uncle  John  Wakefield,  Eph- 
raim  Rice,  Roswell  Bartlett,  and  John  and  William  Harrington 
came  to  Trumbull  County.  They  hunted  up  General  Perkins, 
who  they  learned  was  the  land  agent,  and  he  told  them  that 
Greene,  which  then  included  Gustavus  and  Kinsman,  was  the 
one  township  not  settled,  and  advised  them  to  take  this.  They 
therefore  proceeded  to  Greene,  selected  their  lots,  and  Mr.  John 
Wakefield  and  William  Harrington  came  back  to  Mr.  Perkins, 
when  they  were  told  that  they  each  must  deposit  $50.  Mr. 
Wakefield  had  no  money.  William  Harrington  had  $93,  and 
General  Perkins  allowed  him  to  pay  this  on  both  lots.  The  five 
settlers  then  went  back  to  Greene  and  built  five  cabins.  All 
five  would  work  on  one  cabin  until  it  was  done.  AYlien  these 
buildings  were  completed  the  men  returned  to  Pennsylvania, 
secured  their  families  and  brought  them  on. 

The  first  settlers  in  Greene  were  Lydia  Wheelock  Merritt 
and  her  son,  about  twenty  years  old,  Ichabod,  and  a  younger 
son,  Aaron.  They  arrived  in  this  township  on  an  April  night. 
They  made  a  bedstead  of  poles  and  bark,  and  upon  this  Mrs. 
Merritt,  then  about  sixty,  slept,  with  the  stars  for  a  canopy. 
The  next  day  the  Wakefield  family,  and  soon  the  rest  of  the 
party,  appeared. 

The  pioneer  life  in  this  township  then  began.  Up  to  1816 
not  one  bit  of  timber  had  been  cut,  not  a  clearing  had  been 
made,  nor  a  road;  in  fact,  the  township  was  in  just  the  condi- 
tion that  the  other  townships  were  in  1799  and  1800.  These 
old  settlers  were  Calvinists  and  very  strict  in  regard  to  relig- 
ious observances.  They  were  a  fine  people,  and  lived  like  one 
family.  C.  A.  Harrington  is  authority  for  the  statement  that 
of  all  those  early  families,  not  one  child  went  wrong,  so  far  as 
he  can  recall.  Today  the  Merritts,  the  Rices,  the  Harringtons, 
and  so  on,  are  the  families  influential  in  Greene.  Ephraim 
Rice  was  a  very  peculiar  man,  rather  "sot"  in  his  way.  He 
had  two  brothers,  David  and  Jacob. 

The    first   child   born   in    Greene   was    Deborah    Harring- 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  4(il 

ton.  Edwin  Wakefield,  born  in  1818,  was  the  first  male  t-liild. 
He  afterwards  became  a  remarkable  minister  of  the  Disciple 
congregation  and  was  the  father  of  E.  B.  AVakefield,  professor 
in  Hiram  College. 

The  first  settlers  in  Greene  erected  their  houses  along  the 
east  branch  of  Mosquito  creek,  but  after  a  time  the  county  built 
a  road  east  of  this  pioneer  road,  and  when  tlie  new  houses  went 
up  the  settlers  abandoned  the  creek  road. 

The  boj's  living  along  the  Mosquito  creek  used  to  trap  minks 
and  muskrats.  For  the  former  they  got  I'ly^  cents  a})iece,  for 
the  latter  25  cents.  Now  these  same  minks  would  bring  many 
times  this  sum,  while  muskrats  could  not  be  sold  at  any  price. 

David  Rice,  wlio  came  to  Greensburg  in  1818,  traveled  1,700 
miles  in  thirty  days  in  a  horse  and  sleigh.  He  erected  a  grist 
mill  on  Mosquito  creek.  It  was  a  log  mill,  and  the  mill  of  Rice 
&  Martin  in  Greens))urg  was  the  outcome  of  that  mill. 

The  early  cooking,  like  that  of  other  townships,  was  done 
in  the  fireplace,  either  before  the  coals,  in  the  ashes,  or  hanging 
from  the  crane.  And  peojile  visited  there  as  they  did  in  other 
townships,  stopping  a  day  or  two,  and  the  occasion  was  one  of 
hilarity.  One  time  such  a  party  arrived  at  the  home  of  "William 
Harrington,  and  just  as  they  appeared  a  peculiar  charactei- 
in  the  neighborhood  (Mapes),  who  was  a  hunter,  wandering 
around  in  the  woods,  wearing  a  coon.skin  cap  with  a  tail  hanging 
down  in  front  of  each  ear  and  one  beliind,  dropped  in.  ^Ir. 
Harrington  asked  him  if  he  did  not  think  he  could  go  out  and 
shoot  a  turkey.  He  replied  lie  thought  he  could.  He  soon 
returned  with  the  fowl,  and  in  a  short  time  it  was  dressed, 
stutTed  and  hung  l^y  a  string  in  front  of  the  fire,  to  roast.  It 
then  became  the  duty  of  young  Charles  to  sit  and  turn  it  so 
it  would  be  browned  all  around.  Young  Charles  was  not  infat- 
uated with  this  job,  and  he  noticed  that  by  twisting  the  string 
pretty  tight  it  would  untwist  and  twist  up  again,  and  allow 
him  to  take  a  little  leisure.  He  had  just  discovered  this  won- 
derful invention  and  was  working  it  out  when  his  mother,  who 
was  overseeing  the  cooking,  informed  him  that  she  could  not 
have  grease  splattering  all  oyer  everything,  so  he  had  to  go 
liack  to  his  despised  task,  slowly  turning  until  he  was  nearly 
roasted  himself. 

It  was  the  habit  of  the  mothers  of  Greene  in  the  early 
spring  to  call  up  their  children  on  Sunday  morning  and  give 
them  a  dose  of  picra,  and  every  Monday  morning  a  teaspoonful 


46-.'  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

of  sulplmr.  This  was  entirely  regardless  of  the  fact  whether 
they  needed  this  medicine. 

AVhen  the  mother  of  William  Harrington  died  people  said, 
"Greene  now  has  no  doctor."  She  was  a  spry,  capable  little 
woman,  who  had  learned  some  things  about  drugs  from  her 
husband,  and  more  from  practice  in  a  new  country.  Hardly  a 
child  was  born  in  Greene  during  her  lifetime  that  she  was  not 
at  the  bedside  of  the  mother.  When  she  grew  older  and  not 
quite  so  fieet  of  foot,  her  boys  bought  her  a  horse,  on  which 
she  used  to  ride  at  a  lively  pace  whenever  she  was  needed. 

The  tirst  frame  house  built  in  Greene  was  that  of  William 
Harrington.  At  that  time  whiskey  was  always  used  at  the  rais- 
ing of  any  building.  i\lr.  Isaac  Morey,  the  grandfather  of  ]\Iiss 
Jennie  Bartlett,  of  Warren,  had  the  contract  for  building  this 
house.  Mr.  William  Harrington  decided  that  he  would  have 
no  whiskey  at  the  raising.  Uncle  John  AVakefield  was  making 
the  pins  which  fastened  the  beam  when  the  folks  arrived  for 
the  raising.  They  were  informed  that  there  would  be  no  whiskey 
served,  but  they  would  have  plenty  of  food.  Thereupon  the 
men  congregated  in  a  spot  and  appointed  a  committee  to  consult 
Mr.  Harrington.  He  repaired  to  the  place  where  John  Wake- 
field was  making  the  pins  and  said  that  there  was  a  "strike" 
on.  While  they  were  consulting  what  to  do,  a  man  appointed 
for  the  purpose  came  and  requested  that,  since  they  were  not  to 
be  furnished  whiskey,  Mr.  Harrington  would  allow  them  to  buy 
it  for  themselves  at  the  store.  Immediately  John  Wakefield 
spoke  up  and  said,  "If  there  is  whiskey,  I  won't  make  the  pins." 
Whiskey  was  therefore  forbidden,  and  the  men  dropped  their 
work,  went  a  little  distance  in  a  field  and  began  to  play  ball. 
There  were  left  four  or  five  old  men,  some  boys,  and  two  yoimg 
men.  Mr.  Morey  said  it  was  not  possible  to  raise  the  great  logs 
which  then  were  used  for  the  frame  with  that  help.  Those 
present,  however,  disagreed  with  him,  and  the  building  was 
raised.  The  strange  part  of  it  was  that  a  little  later  the  chair- 
man of  the  committee  demanding  whiskey  became  a  temperance 
man  and  afterwards  an  ardent  Prohibitionist.  One  great  joy 
of  a  radical  is  that  he  lives  to  see  the  conservative  come  to  his 
side. 

One  of  the  early  characters  of  Greene  was  Bazaleel  Waste. 
He  played  the  fiddle  for  the  amusement  of  his  friends,  and  was 
a  shoemaker.  He  would  bring  his  kit  of  tools  into  a  corner 
of  a  kitchen,  where  the  leather  for  the  family  shoes  was  piled 


HISTOEY  OF  TRUiMBULL  COFXTY  4f;3 

lip,  and  here  he  would  stay,  boarding  in  the  family,  nntil  all 
the  members  were  shod. 

One  of  the  interesting  plat-es  in  Greene  is  the  old  cemetery. 
A  man  named  Isaac  Sirrine  went  up  to  Ashtabula  county  and 
brought  liaek  his  own  tombstone,  marked,  except  the  date  of 
his  death.  He  said  he  composed  the  following  original  e])itaph. 
but  this  is  too  familiar  to  the  readers  of  this  history  for  them 
not  to  know  where  it  came  from:  "Here  at  last  the  old  man 
lies;  Nobody  laughs  and  nobody  cries.  Where  he's  gone  and 
how  he  fares,  Nobody  knows  and  nobody  cares."  After  he  died 
his  brother  James,  on  reading  this,  felt  rather  sorry,  and  ordered 
tlie  following  cut  beneath  the  verse:  "But  his  lirother  James 
and  his  wife,  Emmaline,  they  were  his  friends  all  of  the  time." 
This  same  Isaac  Sirrine  had  three  daughters  who  died  of  con- 
sumption. This  is  their  epitaph:  "Strange  as  it  seems,  but 
still  'tis  so.  Here  lies  three  daughters  all  in  a  row;  All  cut  down 
right  in  their  ]n'ime.  The  daughters  of  I.  and  ]\I.  Sirrine." 
There  was  a  very  nice  old  man  living  in  Greene  who  had  an 
enormous  wen  on  his  head.  It  was  so  noticeable  that  none 
could  see  him  without  remembering  him.  This  is  the  epitaph 
upon  his  gravestone:  "Our  father  lies  beneath  the  sod,  His 
soul  has  gone  up  to  his  God;  We  never  more  shall  hear  his 
tread.  Nor  see  the  wen  upon  his  head. ' ' 

Among  the  things  most  needed  and  most  wanted  liy  the 
pioneers  of  Old  Trumliull  County  was  salt.  We  have  seen  how 
the  brackish  water  in  the  Salt  Springs  district  made  that  land 
valualile.  Salt  was  sometimes  made  by  leeching  ashes,  which 
were  in  abundance  because  of  burning  so  much  timber.  This 
lye  was  boiled  down,  and  made  a  brown  salt,  which  was  ordi- 
narily called  black  salt.  A  good  deal  of  this  was  made  at  one 
time  in  Greene.  The  question  of  transportation  of  anything 
in  the  early  days  was  the  question.  The  residents  of  Greene 
hewed  out  logs,  making  one  end  ])oiuted,  filled  this  with  salt, 
liitched  oxen  to  it,  and  dragged  it  through  the  woods  to  New 
Lyme,  or  across  the  swam])s  to  Bloomfield.  They  received  three 
dollars  per  hundred  pounds  for  this  product.  Sometimes  these 
rude  boats  were  used  to  carry  the  women  and  children  to  church 
in,  to  carry  grain  to  mill,  and  so  forth.  Anyone  who  has  ever 
ridden  on  a  stoneboat,  or  on  the  kind  of  sleds  which  farmers 
construct  w^ith  flat  board  runners,  knows  how  easy  it  is  to  draw 
these  over  all  sorts  of  bad  roads. 

Mr.  E.  C.  Rice,  the  son  of  Jacob,  came  to  Greene  when  a 


464  HISTORY  OF  TRUilBULL  COUNTY 

mere  child  and  lived  there  until  he  was  elected  county  recorder, 
when  he  boiight  a  home  on  Washington  avenue,  AVarren,  where 
he  now  resides.  He  is  a  little  over  seventy  years  old,  but  from 
childhood  has  been  interested  in  pioneer  affairs  and  really  has 
more  information  in  regard  to  Greene  than  people  who  are 
much  older.  He  says  when  he  was  a  child  there  were  about 
forty  log  cabins  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home  which  were  more  or 
less  dilajndated  and  unoccupied.  He  used  to  tiy  hard  to  learn 
who  had  occupied  them,  but  without  success.  He  says  M.  M. 
Cooley,  who  lives  at  the  Middle  C'orners,  is  authority  for  the 
story  that  in  the  very  early  history  of  Greene  a  boat  was  lost 
on  Lake  Erie.  One  man  at  least  was  saved.  As  he  started 
to  swim  from  the  wreck  a  box  hit  him,  and  he  grabbed  at  it 
and  it  really  assisted  him  in  his  swim  to  shore.  When  he 
reached  the  shore,  and  was  rested  enough  to  proceed  on  his 
journey,  he  said  to  himself  that  instead  of  leaving  the  box  he 
would  carry  it  with  him.  Wandering  a  little  bit  farther,  he 
came  upon  a  cabin,  obtained  food,  and  after  he  was  dried  and 
rested  determined  to  push  on  into  the  country.  It  happened 
that  a  number  of  the  early  settlers  of  Greene  had  either  been 
sailors  themselves,  or  belonged  to  sea-faring  families.  It  is 
supposed  for  this  reason  he  went  to  Greene.  Either  at  the 
cabin  where  he  tirst  stopped,  or  in  Greene,  he  opened  his  box, 
and  found  it  contained  twelve  hundred  pounds,  English  money. 
He  decided  to  liuy  a  home  for  his  father  and  mother  and  was 
so  pleased  with  a  grove  of  maple  trees  which  stood  on  the 
present  Joe  Hubbard  farm  that  he  bought  it  and  his  parents 
came  there  to  live.  His  name  was  Wilbur.  Some  of  these 
maples,  or  the  remnants  of  them,  are  still  standing. 

There  were  a  great  many  maple  trees  in  the  townshij)  of 
Greene  and  from  these  the  Indians  made  sugar.  They  had  no 
kettles,  and  had  not  been  thoughtful  enough  to  steal  some  from 
the  Salt  Springs  tract,  as  Indians  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
county  did,  so  they  made  their  sugar  in  an  unusual  and  primi- 
tive way.  They  gathered  the  sap,  putting  it  into  huge  hollowed- 
out  logs,  and  into  this  they  dropped  red-hot  stones  previously 
heated  in  a  tire  of  logs.  The  stones  of  that  vicinity  were  smooth 
pieces  of  granite  rubbed  round  by  ages,  and  held  heat  a  long 
time.  Mr.  Rice,  in  plowing  on  his  place,  at  one  time  turned  up 
a  lot  of  these  stones  which  showed  that  they  had  been  burned, 
and  later  examined  the  maple  trees  near  by,  which  showed  the 
scars  of  having  been  tapped  many  years  before. 


HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COrXTY  465 

The  ludiaus  were  quite  uumerous  at  oue  time  in  the  town- 
ship of  Greene,  and  people  living  there  today  occasionally  find 
pipes,  arrow-heads,  etc.,  and  Mr.  Charles  Dennison,  who  spent 
his  early  life  in  Greene,  found  a  most  perfect  Indian  ax. 

Two  brothers  of  Ealsa  Clark,  one  mariying  Fanny  Fell, 
the  other  Emiline  Chapman,  lived  in  one  cabin,  while  a  second 
cabin  was  being  constructed.  They  were  busy  during  the  day 
and  often  away  from  home.  The  two  young  women  were  thus 
left  in  the  lonesome  spot  by  themselves.  They  were  both  fear- 
less, but  one  day  about  noon  they  saw  standing  in  the  road 
opposite  their  house  an  Indian  who  was  considered  a  dangerous 
fellow.  They  could  not  conceal  the  fact  that  the  men  were 
away,  and  they  did  not  know  what  might  happen.  Finally,  one 
of  the  women  attempted  a  strategy.  She  opened  the  front  door, 
drew  out  a  table,  set  it  for  four,  and  when  the  noon  hour  ar- 
rived, went  to  the  door  and  blew  the  horn.  The  result  was  not 
what  she  expected.  The  Indian  seemed  to  know  that  no  men 
were  near.  The  other  woman  said  to  her  sister-in-law,  "Since 
this  has  not  worked,  I'll  try  something  else."  She  therefore 
loaded  the  gun,  stood  in  the  doorway,  pointed  it  at  the  red  man, 
let  him  know  she  was  going  to  shoot,  and  he  broke  for  the 
woods.  It  took  a  good  deal  of  courage  to  face  an  ugly  Indian 
in  a  spot  which  was  isolated  and  alone. 

As  said  elsewhere,  the  township  of  Greene  was  composed 
of  Kinsman,  Gustavus  and  Greene.  Some  difference  of  opin- 
ion on  public  matters  in  1819  caused  the  separation  with  the 
formation  of  the  present  Kinsman.  Before  this,  the  portion 
now  known  as  Kinsman  had  been  the  place  for  holding  elections. 
Gustavus  then  became  the  palace  for  the  transaction  of  township 
affairs.  In  1820  the  same  dissatisfaction  which  had  caused  the 
first  split  caused  the  second,  and  Gustavus  was  made  into  a 
township.  This  act  made  also  Greene  a  townshii).  and  the  first 
election  was  held  at  William  Harrington's  house  in  1820. 
Ebenezer  Kee  was  made  clerk,  Ephraim  Eice,  John  Harrington 
and  Eoswell  Bartlett,  trustees.  David  Eice  Avas  treasurer; 
Ephraim  Eice  and  John  Wakefield,  overseers  of  the  poor. 

The  early  residents  of  Greene  were  Calvinists.  Most  of 
them  believed  in  fore-ordination,  election  and  saint's  perse- 
verance. In  the  early  days  missionaries  went  through  the  town- 
ship and  meetings  were  held  in  houses.  After  a  time  they  were 
sometimes  held  in  groves  and  when  new  buildings,  especially 
barns,  were  put  up,  there  was  often  preaching  there.     These 


4(;g  HISTOEY  of  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

old  sermons  were  long,  Calvinistie  in  doctrine  and  were  almost 
all  of  tliem  preached  with  a  kind  of  drawl  in  the  voice,  kind  of 
a  singing  tone.  The  mother  of  John  Waketield  was  of  exceed- 
ingly pious  disposition.  She  believed  that  whatever  was  sent 
was  for  the  good  of  the  person  afflicted.  People  living 
in  Greene  today  say  that  they  have  heard  her  repeat  many 
times : 

"ily  life  shall  forever  be 
Guided  by  His  firm  decree; 
He  that  fixed  and  formed  tbe  eartli 
Fixed  my  first  and  second  birth." 

This  second  birth  referred  to  her  experience  in  religion.  People 
in  this  conununity  talked  about  their  first  and  second  birth. 

They  would  say  their  first  birth  occurred  in  ,  mentioning 

the  place  where  they  were  born;  their  second  birth  occurred 
in ,  mentioning  the  town  where  they  were  baptised. 

One  of  the  old  preachers  was  Elder  Woodworth,  close- 
communion  Baptist.  He  was  bony,  tall,  had  little  black  eyes 
set  way  back  in  his  head.  The  Methodists  went  to  Greene  to 
start  a  class  and  afterwards  this  became  the  Methodist  church, 
and  Elder  Woodworth  came  there  to  preach,  saying  he  was 
going  to  "squelch"  this  new  society.  He  preached  from  the 
text.  "We  are  all  clay  in  the  hands  of  the  Father." 

The  first  church  was  a  log  one  built  in  the  woods  at  what 
was  known  as  "the  middle  corners."  Like  buildings  were 
usually  put  at  the  center  of  the  town,  but  since  the  west  half 
of  Greene  was  not  sold  until  a  late  day  this  church  was  built 
between  the  center  and  the  east  line  and  known  as  above.  There 
was  no  fire  of  any  kind  in  this  church  and  the  seats  were  slabs 
of  logs  with  legs  stuck  in.  They  were  built  high  enough  for 
old  people,  and  children's  feet  could  not  touch.  It  is  pretty 
hard  for  girls  and  boys  to  keep  their  feet  still  am^way,  but 
when  they  are  swinging  in  the  air  it  is  especially  hard.  Mr. 
C.  A.  Harring-ton  remembers  tr;^'ing  to  keep  his  legs  from 
swinging  when  he  sat  in  this  old  church  and  he  also  remembers 
how  his  mother  stopped  in  the  woods  and  broke  a  stick  and 
switched  him  because  he  had  not  sat  still. 

The  most  noted  minister  this  congregation  had  was  the 
Rev.  Crane.  As  the  second  generation  came  on,  they  rebelled 
at  the  Puritanical  belief  of  their  fathers  and  there  was  a  split 
in  the  church.  Unlike  most  splits,  the  older  and  stricter  people 
went  to  the  spot  that  is  now  Kenilworth,  built  a  chui'ch,  while 


HISTOEY  OF  TRT;:\rBrLL  COUNTY  407 

the  yonuger  people  kept  tlie  old  log  church,  and  the  Kev.  Air. 
Crane  stayed  with  them.  The  common  tei*m  for  these  two 
chtirehes  were  the  "'old  lights"  and  the  "neAv."  The  denom- 
ination was  New  England  Congregational. 

At  one  time,  a  man  named  Jenkins  came  there  t(^  preach. 
He  was  so  beautifully  dressed  tliat  all  the  people  in  town 
watched  him.  Tliey  wore  home-spun,  he  had  broadcloth;  he 
wore  a  big  black  silk  neckerchief,  the  ends  of  which  he  pulled 
out  in  a  picturescjue  way;  he  was  fat  and  after  he  liad  preaciied 
a  little  while  would  take  otf  his  necktie,  lay  it  on  the  desk; 
pretty  soon  his  coat  would  come  oft',  then  his  vest;  then  his 
collar.  When  he  got  a  little  over  half  through  he  would  put 
on  his  collar,  then  his  A'est,  then  his  coat,  and  then  his  necktie. 
The  cliildren  were  perfectly  delighted  when  he  liegan  to  dress 
himself.  There  was  one  old  minister  wlm  used  to  tell  such 
big  stories  that  the  people  did  not  believe,  lie  said  that  when 
he  was  converted  the  roots  of  the  trees  t'racked  so  you  could 
hear  them  a  mile  (  ? )  • 

One  of  the  ministers  was  a  fine  singer  and  he  used  to  sing 
this  hymn : 

■•I    lovr    lllV    .IfSllS,    I    klKiw     r    (1,1, 

And   the'lirctlireii   s:iy   tlii'v  luve   Him   too.'" 

This  had  a  number  of  verses  in  which  were  mentioned  different 
things  which  were  loved.    When  it  came  to  the  verse: 

"F  liiM>  iiiv  sistern.   T  kiinw  T   dci. 
All. I   the'lii'i'threii   say   tlicy   luve   tliriii    too," 

the  men  in  the  congregation  would  sing  this  with  a  long,  loud, 
lusty  tone.  Even  if  they  ap]ieared  serious,  there  was  humor  in 
them  after  all. 

The  first  frame  barn  raised  in  Greene  belonged  to  E])liraim 
Rice,  and  here  preaching  was  had  by  Elias  Morse.  Elias  had 
preached  before  in  Greene  and  lie  had  not  satisfied  the  people 
veiy  well,  and  they  had  decided  that  he  was  not  called  to  preach. 
However,  as  he  wanted  to  come  again  they  got  up  this  meeting 
for  him.  He  said  that  he  understood  that  somebody  had  said 
he  was  not  "called"  to  preach  and  then  he  gave  an  exact  de- 
scription of  how  he  was  ''called,"  told  where  he  was,  and  how 
God  said  to  him  "to  go  and  preach  the  Gospel,"  and  the  devil 
was  near  and  said,  "You  can't  preach."  This  he  reiteated  sev- 
eral times,  and  finally,  when  he  repeated  what  the  devil  had 


468  TIISTOin'  OF  TRinrBULL  COrXTY 

said,  a  meml)ei"  of  the  congregation  spolve  up  lond  enougli  to 
be  heard,  "The  devil  was  right." 

Some  of  the  finest  singers  in  Trumlmll  County  were  in 
Greene.  Ephraira  Eiee  sang  bass,  E.  Cobb  and  Aaron  Merritt, 
tenor.  Eplaraim  Rice  had  a  long  Roman  nose,  little  blue  eyes, 
and  when  he  sang  he  held  his  book  at  nearly  arm's  length, 
swung  it  up  and  down,  and  beat  time  with  his  feet.  The  chil- 
dren of  the  old  residents  inherited  much  of  this  musical  genius, 
and  Mr.  Myrtle  Rice,  when  he  was  over  eighty  years,  sang  so 
well  as  to  be  called  upon  to  sing  solos  at  funerals  and  on  other 
occasions. 

We  have  referred  in  other  pai'ts  of  this  history  to  the  fact 
that  the  children  of  the  early  settlers  of  Trmnbull  County 
rebelled  against  the  strict  teaching  and  the  Calvinistic  princi- 
l>les  which  existed  in  this  locality.  It  was  strange  that  religious 
teachers  of  that  time  did  not  see  what  we  now  see,  namely, 
that  the  natural  child  instinct  taught  it  the  Christ  principle, 
and  that  the  i^arent  was  the  perverted  one.  Anyhow,  all  through 
old  Trumbull  County  we  hear  over  and  over  again  how  children 
lied  and  begged  and  grew  sick  rather  than  go  to  church.  We 
also  learn,  as  narrated  in  several  other  places,  how  children 
behaved  while  parents  were  at  church. 

]\Ir.  R.  C.  Rice  when  a  small  child  petted  one  of  the  cats 
in  the  barn  until  it  became  quite  tame.  One  Sunday,  having 
this  cat  inside  the  house,  he  lured  a  wild  barn-cat  into  the 
living  room  and  set  to  work  to  make  a  yoke  for  these  two  cats, 
expecting  to  tame  them  and  break  them  as  he  would  a  pair  of 
calves.  His  brother,  older,  remonstrated  with  him,  explaining 
to  him  that  the  cat  differed  in  nature  from  the  calf,  but  to  no 
purpose.  He  carefully  made  the  yoke,  the  bows,  the  pins,  and 
yoked  the  cats.  Of  course,  they  refused  to  stand,  refused  to 
pull,  refused  to  do  anything  but  lie  on  the  floor  and  scratch  and 
fight.  In  this  fight  the  yoke  broke,  and  unfortunately  the  tame 
cat  was  free  and  the  wild  cat  was  left  with  the  yoke  on  its  neck. 
Crazed  by  this  appendage,  it  jumped  into  the  dish  closet,  and 
despite  the  frantic  scat  of  the  boys,  did  not  leave  the  shelves 
until  most  of  the  dishes  were  on  the  floor.  The  boys  gathered 
up  the  fragments,  put  what  few  were  left  on  the  front  of  the 
shelves,  and  sat  down  sorrowfully,  hoping  the  mother  would 
not  notice  what  had  happened.  However,  dishes  were  too  hard 
to  obtain,  money  was  too  scarce,  for  any  woman  not  to  notice 
such   destruction  the  minute  her  eves  rested  on  the   shelves. 


HISTOIJY  OF  TEUMBULL  ^()U^"^Y  4Gi) 

Since  the  cider  boy  had  protested  against  the  yoiving,  iie  imme- 
diateiy  iaid  the  blame  on  the  yonnger,  and  told  all  the  story 
in  sucli  a  ridienions  way  tliat  the  mother  could  not  help  but 
laugh,  and  in  that  day  as  in  this,  when  a  cliild  has  made  the 
motlier  see  tlie  ridiculous,  has  replaced  a  frown  with  a  smile, 
his  battle  is  won. 

Nearly  every  old  pioneer  whom  the  author  has  seen  has 
told  a  bear  story.  Few  of  these  have  been  repeated.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  little  out  of  the  ordinary.  When  Mr.  Rice  was  a 
very  small  boy  some  of  these  children  went  to  school  as  early 
as  three  or  four  years  of  age,  becai;se  they  were  in  the  way  at 
home.  He  attended  a  school  taught  by  Polly  Ann  Harvey. 
The  seats  were  of  hewn  logs,  and  the  back  seats  had  in  some 
places  boards  so  placed  as  to  make  a  writing  shelf.  One  day 
in  the  early  sirring,  it  being  cold  enough  to  have  had  a  little 
fire  in  the  morning,  the  teacher,  looking  out  of  the  window,  saw 
a  bear  coming  from  the  thicket.  She  immediately  called  to  the 
children  that  a  bear  was  coming.  The  door  was  locked,  the 
windows  were  put  down,  the  fire,  which  was  not  needed  in  mid- 
day, was  stirred  up,  children  gi-abbed  their  dinner  pails,  filled 
the  same  with  water,  put  tliem  on  the  coals,  the  teacher  put  a 
poker  in  the  embers  and  breathlessly  they  awaited  the  approach 
of  the  bear.  Young  Eice  was  too  little  to  know  the  danger,  and 
climbing  upon  the  writing  shelf  watched  with  great  interest  the 
approach  of  the  animal.  He  was  thin  from  his  winter  sleep, 
and  walked  rather  slowly.  Approaching  the  house  he  went  to 
the  front  where  the  children  usually  ate  their  dinner,  excepting 
to  find  some  food  there.  Then  he  began  slowly  walking  around 
the  hoiise.  Finally,  one  of  the  girls  discovered  that  one  of  the 
small  panes  of  glass  was  broken.  She  therefore  took  her  small 
shawl  and  stuffed  it  in  the  crack.  Around  came  the  bear,  and 
when  he  either  saw  or  smelled  the  shawl,  he  made  a  dive  for 
the  window,  and  at  the  same  time  uttered  a  vicious  growl  that 
frightened  the  children  almost  to  death.  Grabbing  the  shawl, 
he  ran  with  it,  tearing  it  to  pieces.  At  this  time  he  was  at  the 
back  of  the  house,  and  the  children  inside  were  getting  dread- 
fully frightened.  Then  it  was  that  a  young  man  with  his  dog- 
came  walking  down  the  roadway.  The  teacher  called  to  him 
that  they  were  besieged  by  a  bear,  and  he  called,  "Wait  a 
minute,"  and  disappeared.  His  dog  did  not  follow  him,  but, 
like  the  bear,  knowing  of  the  feeding  place  of  the  children, 
rejDaired  to  the  front  of  the  schoolliouse.     The  bear,  having  fin- 


470  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

islied  the  shawl,  started  on  its  walk,  and  encoimtei'ed  the  dog. 
Before  the  latter  realized  it,  the  former  had  cuffed  his  ears, 
and  then  a  race  began.  Around  the  house  went  the  dog,  with 
the  bear  after  him.  The  latter  was  the  more  dangerous,  but 
the  former  was  more  fleet  of  foot.  The  children  in  watching 
this  race  forgot  their  o^vn  fear.  The  bear,  weak  from  want  of 
food,  kept  losing  ground,  and  tinally  the  dog  made  a  dash  for 
home  through  the  woods.  The  young  fanner,  ujjon  reaching 
home,  got  his  gun,  and  accompanied  by  his  brother,  also  armed, 
repaired  to  the  return  path  of  the  bear,  and  shot  it  near  the 
schoolhouse.  Then  the  children  bravely  opened  the  door,  and 
viewed  the  remains.  School,  of  course,  was  dismissed,  for  how 
could  children  multiply  or  spell  after  such  a  dangerous  adven- 
ture? In  fact,  it  was  several  days  before  the  school  resumed 
its  normal  tone. 

The  Greene  citizen  best  known  to  the  public  is  Mr.  Fenelon 
Eice,  grandson  of  David  Eice.  For  many  years  he  was  at  the 
head  of  the  Conservatory  of  Music  at  Oberlin  and  really  built 
lip  that  branch  of  the  college  to  its  present  condition. 

Fifty  years  ago  there  was  a  tailor  shop,  wagon  shojjs,  two 
shoemakers,  two  tanners,  carding  mill,  and  all  sorts  of  like 
stores  at  the  center  of  Greene.    Now  there  is  a  single  store. 

One  year  Mr.  Harrington  and  his  father  went  to  Kins- 
man to  sell  a  load  of  wheat.  They  got  thirty-one  cents  a  bushel. 
Just  as  they  were  driving  away,  Mr.  John  Kinsman,  the  mer- 
chant, brought  out  a  great  roll  of  something  white  and  told 
them  it  was  cotton  cloth.  This  was  the  first  they  had  seen. 
They  asked  the  price  of  it  and  found  that  it  was  fifty  cents  a 
yard.  They  l)ought  one  yard  to  take  home  to  show  their  family. 
It  therefore  took  a  bushel  and  three-quarters  of  wheat  to  buy 
one  yard  of  cloth. 

In  the  camiiaign  of  1840,  when  everybody  was  so  excited, 
the  Wakefield  boys  and  the  Harrington  boys  were  very  anxious 
to  come  to  town  to  the  Corwin  meeting.  After  mi;cli  consulta- 
tion, the  fathers  decided  they  could  come.  They  got  two  ox 
carts  and  a  driver  for  them,  and  the  boys  in  the  greatest  excite- 
ment hurried  to  the  woods,  made  a  log  cabin,  on  which  they 
tacked  coonskins,  and  at  michiight,  before  the  meeting,  they  left 
Crreene,  with  old  Ben  Lewis  driving  the  oxen,  and  the  boys, 
Avith  some  girls  of  the  family,  inside  the  cabin.  Mr.  Harring- 
ton says  that  the  women  of  the  family  and  neighborhood  got  so 
interested  in  this  cabin  that  they  made  a  nice  flag  for  them 


inSTOlIY  OF  TRU-^IBULL  COUNTY  471 

and  the  boys  put  up  a  tiag-pole  ou  the  caliiu.  They  met  with  no 
misfortunes  iintil  they  started  to  ford  a  creek  whose  bed  was 
rather  uncertain,  and  the  cabin  came  near  landing  in  tlie  water. 
However,  they  righted  themselves  and  had  no  more  trouble  till 
they  got  this  side  of  Baconsburg  (Cortland),  when  the  branches 
of  a  big  tree  were  so  low  that  they  could  not  get  under  without 
breaking  the  flag-pole.  However,  there  was  a  way  around  this, 
for  they  let  down  the  fences,  di'ove  through  the  held,  and 
arrived  in  AVarren  safely  and  on  time.  The  boys  in  this  cabin 
were  Frank  Rood,  Charles  Harrington,  Edwin  and  Sidney  Wake- 
field (and  two  girls).  They  reached  Mecca  at  daylight.  This  day' 
was  the  most  wonderful  of  the  boys'  lives.  They  heard  Tom 
Corwin  sj^eak  and  saw  all  this  wonderful  procession.  It  was_ 
said  that  one  log  cabin  was  drawn  by  twenty  pairs  of  oxen.  The 
speaking  was  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  pai'k,  and  there 
was  a  picture  of  Van  Buren  hanging  near,  to  which  Corwin 
referred  now  and  then. 

The  tirst  schoolhouse  in  Greene  was,  of  course  of  logs,  and 
stood  a  mile  north  of  the  corners,  while  the  second  was  a  frame 
building.  The  latter  was  on  the  road  near  the  south  cemetery. 
Among  the  iirst  teachers  were  Roswell  Bartlett,  William  Har- 
rington, James  Bascom,  Rhoda  Rice,  Mary  Evans  and  Charlotte 
Bascom. 

Each  fall  the  patrons  of  the  schools  would  get  together 
and  plaster  up  the  cracks  of  the  logs  of  the  first  schoolhouse 
with  mud  or  whatever  they  could  get,  and  then  the  school 
would  begin.  The  teachers  were  paid  in  produce.  A  Miss 
Bascomb,  who  afterwards  married  William  Harrington, 
received,  among  other  things,  a  log  chain  for  her  services.  Her 
son,  C.  A.  Harrington,  who  was  longer  identified  with  the 
Greene  schools  than  any  one  other  person,  used  to  receive  his 
pay  half  in  money  and  half  in  store  scrip.  He  used  to  board 
around,  and  most  of  the  jDlaces  were  vei'y  comfortable.  Some 
places,  however,  were  pretty  bad,  and  when  it  was  his  turn  to 
board  there  he  used  to  walk  home  every  night,  six  miles  and  a 
half,  and  back  in  the  morning. 

Although  Mr.  Harrington  was  a  successful  school  teacher, 
he  never  was  taught  either  grammar  or  arithmetic  in  a  school. 
His  father  being  lame,  was  not  able  to  do  hard  farm  work,  and  he 
made  ox  yokes  and  ax  helves  for  the  comnn;nity.  Winter  eve- 
nings he  would  have  his  bench  at  the  side  of  the  fireplace.  The 
bits  of  wood  which  fell  from  his  knife  Charles  would  pile  into 


i72  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

the  fire,  aud  thus,  lying  on  the  hearth  by  the  bkize  of  this 
wood,  he  taught  himself  algebra.  After  a  time  he  went  to 
school  one  term  at  Farmingtou  and  another  teiTa  at  Austin- 
burg.  Finally  he  saved  enough  money  to  go  to  Oberlin.  There 
he  took  Latin  and  Greek  and  the  higher  studies.  He  had  laid  by 
a  sufficient  sum  for  his  books  and  tuition,  and  earned  his  board 
by  selling  wood  in  Oberlin.  As  he  was  about  to  graduate  he 
learned  that  he  would  have  to  take  Hebrew.  He  knew  nothing 
about  this.  He  made  up  his  mind  that  since  he  was  not  going 
to  be  a  i^reacher,  it  was  foolish  to  spend  the  time  on  this  study, 
and  so  he  went  home  expecting  to  return  and  graduate  the 
next  year,  when  it  was  proposed  to  make  Hebrew  optional. 
Upon  his  return  to  Greene,  someone  suggested  that  he  teach 
school.  He  therefore  had  some  handbills  printed,  giving  the 
time  and  place  of  opening.  When  the  morning  arrived  he  was 
suii^rised  to  find  twenty-nine  scholars  waiting,  and  by  the  end 
of  the  term  he  had  fifty.  He  taught  for  several  years.  His 
school  grew  until  it  numbered  two  hundred.  The  scholars  were 
in  different  houses  and  he  was  the  superintendent,  board  of 
education,  and  everything  else  connected  with  school  manage- 
ment. This  experience  served  him  well  in  after  years  when 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Warren  school  board.  His  early  school 
in  Greene  was  so  well  known  throughout  the  county  that  both 
M.  D.  Leggett  and  J.  D.  Cox,  superintendents  of  the  AYarren 
schools,  visited  it  for  their  own  instruction.  Among  those  early 
teachers  were  Lauren  Coleman,  Lewis  Harrington,  Dwiglit  Kee. 
and  Elder  Bates.  This  school  ran  until  the  war  broke  out,  when 
the  young  men  went  into  the  service,  and  the  schools  generally 
were  more  or  less  disorganized. 

In  most  townships  there  were  academies,  but  Air.  Harring- 
ton's school  took  the  place  of  such  institution.  His  scholars 
are  scattered  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  in  his 
travels  and  those  of  his  friends  they  are  very  often  run  upon. 
Some  years  ago  Mr.  Harrington  was  visiting  relatives  in  Alin- 
nesota,  and  in  driving  he  became  very  thirsty.  Getting  out  of 
the  carriage  to  procure  a  drink,  he  discovered  a  large  patch  of 
melons.  His  thirsty  condition  made  this  fruit  particularly  at- 
tractive. Going  to  the  house,  he  asked  if  he  could  buy  some 
of  the  melons.  The  housewife  replied,  "No,"  but  she  would 
give  him  all  he  wanted.  As  he  was  leaving  she  watched  him 
pretty  closely,  and  then  asked,  "Aren't  you  Charles  Harring- 


(  Loaned   by   the  Tribune.) 


IIISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY  473 

ton?"  And  wiien  she  found  she  had  g-uessed  right,  slie  told 
him  she  was  one  of  his  old  jDupils. 

Captain  Beeman,  who  taught  school  in  "West  Farmington 
at  one  time,  was  a  West  Pointer.  He  brought  up  his  scholars 
after  West  Point  training.  Every  boy  who  entered  the  school- 
room had  to  salute  when  he  came  in.  Every  girl  had  to  curtsey. 
When  they  stood  up  in  the  class  the  teacher  would  say,  ' '  Atten- 
tion. Manners,"  when  the  boys  must  fold  their  arms  and  the 
girls  piously  crossed  their  hands.  When  school  was  dismissed 
the  coromand,  "Attention,  Manners,  March,"  was  given. 

During  the  present  century  the  schools  of  Greene  have  been 
centralized,  following  the  example  of  Gustavus  after  that  town- 
ship had  adopted  the  plan  a  year  before.  The  residents  voted 
to  bond  the  township  for  $8,000,  and  the  district  schoolhouses 
and  their  lots  were  sold  for  $2,000.  The  new  brick  central 
schoolhouse  cost,  furnished,  $8,200,  and  is  a  modern  two-story 
building,  equal  in  all  respects  to  the  average  city  schoolhouse. 


CHAPTEK  XXX\11I.— GUSTAVUS. 

Pelton  Family. — The  Gildeks. — Calvin  Cone. — Other  Early 

Families. — John  Brown  Jr. — A  Great  Inventor 

■ — Physicians. — Schools  and  Teachers. 

— Beligious  Organizations. 

Township  7.  range  l',  was  named  for  Gustavus  Storrs, 
whose  father.  Col.  Lemuel  Storrs,  surveyed  and  numbered  the 
lots  of  the  township  in  1800.  The  first  settler  was  a  ship  car- 
penter and  a  farmer,  Josiah  Pelton,  of  Killingworth,  Connecti- 
cut. He  purchased  the  land  in  the  east  and  came  out  to  look 
at  it  in  1800.  He  stayed  all  summer,  and,  not  needing  his  horse, 
turned  it  out  to  isasture.  Never  did  any  horse  have  a  Ijetter 
summer  vacation.  He  grew  fat  and  sleek  and  wild.  He  pre- 
ferred his  new  home  to  his  old  one,  and  when  his  master  sought 
him  for  the  home-going  trip,  it  was  necessary  to  lasso  him  in 
order  to  catch  him.  He  made  the  journey  carrying  part  of  the 
time  his  master  and  part  of  the  time  a  missionary  who  was 
returning  home.  Upon  reaching  Connecticut  Mr.  Pelton  offered 
one  hundred  acres  of  land  to  the  first  woman  who  would  promise 
to  make  Gustavus  her  home.  His  son  Jesse  had  a  sweetheart 
in  Granby,  Connecticut.  Her  name  was  Euhamah  DeWolf.  She 
came  with  her  father's  family  to  Vernon  and  stayed  there  until 
January,  1803.  In  June  (1802)  a  cabin  was  erected  by  Mr. 
Pelton,  Indians  as  well  as  white  men  helping  to  construct  it, 
and  they  were  married  in  September,  her  husband,  before  this, 
having  lived  alone  in  the  cabin.  Mrs.  Pelton,  by  virtue  of  com- 
plying with  this  agreement,  owned  the  one  hundred  acres  of 
land  in  Gustavus.  However,  the  deed  was  made  out  to  her 
husband,  as  were  most  deeds  of  like  nature  of  that  day.  In 
fact,  at  that  time  women  did  not  own  their  own  clothes,  and 
altliough  they  wore  skirts,  these  skirts  belonged  to  their  hus- 
Ijands.  If  they  met  with  an  accident,  such  as  breaking  a  leg. 
their  husbands  brought  suit,  and  any  money  recovered  belonged 
to    the    husband.      Today    women   in    Gustavus,    in    Trumbull 

474 


ttist()i;y  of  TT]r:\inri.L  cofxty  4:5 

County,  aud  in  Ohio,  own  their  own  eh>tht's.  and  own  their 
own  limljs. 

This  home  in  the  wiklerness,  over  which  Hiiliauiah  DeAVolf 
Pelton  presided,  became  a  mecca  to  which  travelers  and  mis- 
sionaries came.  One  iron  kettle  served  for  boiling,  baking  and 
frying,  and  in  this  home  were  the  first  religious  meetings  of  the 
township  held.  Here  was  the  first  birth  and  the  first  death. 
"<)nt  of  the  pieces  split  from  a  chestnut  log  a  rude  coffin  was 
made  to  bury"  Ruhamah's  baby.  This  pioneer  had  nine  chil- 
dren, five  of  them  girls.  She  was  fond  of  reading,  and  in  this 
inimitive  home,  with  all  its  privations  and  cares,  she  grew  men- 
tally and  morally,  aud  lived  to  be  nearly  ninety  years  old.  The 
name  of  Pelton  has  l)een  connected  with  (fnstavus,  Hartford, 
Vernon  and  that  vicinity  since  1800. 

lu  180.3  Elias  Pelton,  another  son  of  Josiah,  with  his  wife, 
settled  in  Gustavns  on  a  tract  north  of  the  center.  Josiah 
Pelton  and  the  mother  came  with  him.  The  former  had  planned 
that  each  of  his  sons  should  have  a  farm  of  one  hundred  acres. 
Apparently  the  daughters  must  manage  some  other  way.  Zilpha 
married  E]li])haz  Perkins,  and  this  was  the  first  marriage  in  the 
townshi]).  They  waited  for  nearly  a  year  for  a  minister  to 
marry  them.  Barbara,  a  granddaughter  of  Josiah,  and  a 
daughter  of  Elias,  was  the  first  white  girl  to  be  born,  who  lived, 
in  the  township.     Her  brother,  Storrs,  was  the  first  white  boy. 

In  1804  fifty  peo])le  came  to  Gustavus.  Prominent  among 
these  was  Obediali  Gildersleeve.  He  obtained  permission  from 
the  court  to  drop  the  last  part  of  his  name,  aud  the  family  has 
since  been  known  as  "Gilder."  Mr.  Gildersleeve  settled  about 
one-half  mile  east  of  the  center.  He  had  eight  children  when 
he  arrived,  and  one  was  born  afterwards.  He  died  in  1805, 
when  he  was  fifty,  and  he  was  among  the  first  to  be  buried  in 
the  graveyard  north  of  the  center.  His  wife  lived  to  be  seventy 
years  old,  and  throughout  her  whole  life  had  great  love  for 
children.  Several  generations  have  been  proud  to  claim  her  as 
their  Sunday  school  teacher.  Like  most  of  the  strong  women  of 
her  time,  she  was  an  ardent  abolitionist  and  drove  wagonloads 
of  slaves  to  the  lakes,  where  they  made  their  escape.  She 
had  a  great  sorrow  in  the  death  of  her  daughter,  Chloe,  who, 
while  riding  came  upon  the  quicksand  near  the  bank  of  the 
Pymatuning,  which  had  undermined  the  crust,  and  was  pre- 
cipitated into  the  river.  The  horse,  and  a  cousin  who  was  riding 
with  her,  escaped,  but  Chloe  was  drowned.    Phoebe  Gilder  was 


4:g  histoky  of  teumbull  couxty 

oue  of  the  most  intellectual  of  this  large  family.  !She  studied 
at  school  aud  at  home,  reading  everything  she  could  lay  her 
hands  upon.  She  seemed  to  see,  as  she  grew  older,  the  disabili- 
ties which  the  law  placed  on  women,  and  writes:  "A  Mrs. 
Ballard  had  the  misfortune  to  marry  a  man  of  small  intellect, 
who  tinally  became  idiotic.  She  procured,  by  an  attorney,  the 
right  of  government  over  a  minor,  and  then  she  bought  and 
sold  and  moved  at  her  own  will.  She  lived  to  be  over  eighty 
years  old. ' '    Mrs.  Gilder  herself  lived  well  up  into  the  nineties. 

Calvin  Cone  and  family  came  to  Gustavus  with  the  Gilder- 
sleeve  party.  He  was  from  Hartland,  and  after  living  in  Gus- 
tavus a  few  years  moved  to  Hartford.  He  was  the  first  justice 
of  the  peace  in  Gustavus,  probably  1808,  and  was  a  state  senator 
from  Trumbull  County  in  1806.  Mrs.  Cone  is  commended  by 
local  historians  for  the  work  she  did  in  the  wilderness  home 
when  her  hiisband  was  in  the  legislature. 

Mr.  Cone  realized  that  a  blacksmith  was  a  necessity  for  a 
new  country,  and  he  induced  Jehiel  Meacham,  of  Hartland, 
Connecticut,  to  come  to  Trumbull  County  to  follow  his  trade, 
offering  him  fifty  acres  of  land  if  he  would  settle  in  Gustavus. 
This  was  cpiite  an  inducement,  so  he  started  in  1805,  with  his 
family  stowed  away  in  sleds  drawn  by  oxen.  When  they 
reached  Canaudaigua  his  wife,  in  getting  into  the  sled,  fell  and 
injured  herself.  The  rest  of  the  party  came  on,  but  Mr.  Mea- 
cham remained  with  his  wife,  who  shortly  died,  and  was  buried 
there.  He  then  took  his  little  girl  in  his  arms,  put  his  boy  be- 
hind him  on  his  horse,  and  this  sorrowful  little  family  reached 
Mr.  Cone's  home  in  the  early  spring,  when  the  wood  flowers 
were  just  beginning  to  bloom  and  when  the  woods  were  full  of 
the  early  wild  birds.  This  little  girl,  Pattie,  later  became  Mrs. 
Ebenezer  St.  John,  and  another  daughter  Lydia,  Mrs.  Benja- 
min Allen,  of  Kinsman. 

Sally  Cone,  a  daughter  of  these  early  settlers,  married 
Wayne  Bidwell,  in  1815.  In  1832  he  died  leaving  four  children. 
She  managed  the  farm  and  reared  the  family. 

In  1816,  William  Eoberts,  and  his  wife  Margaret,  came  to 
Gustavus  from  Canton,  Connecticut.  He  was  a  tanner  and  a 
shoemaker,  also  was  a  natural  musician  and  taught  music  in 
several  places  in  Trumbull  County.  Music  was  his  pleasure, 
and  he  neglected  his  trade  to  his  financial  embarrassment. 
"Wlien  he  died  he  had  little  property  to  leave,  and,  through  no 
mismanagement  on  his  widow's  part,  it  was  wasted,  and  when 


HTSTOEY  OF  TEOIBULL  COUNTY  477 

she  was  old  "there  was  no  room  for  her  at  anj'  fireside." 
However,  Sophia,  her  daughter-in-law,  who  had  more  cares  than 
the  other  children,  gave  her  a  home  in  her  family,  where  she 
was  comfortably  cared  for  the  rest  of  her  life.  Mrs.  Phoebe 
Barnes  Bridgeman  in  "^Memorial  to  the  Pioneer  Women  of  the 
Western  Eeserve,"  says:  "Tlmrzah  Andrews  Roberts  was  a 
small,  round-faced  woman,  as  full  of  energ>-  as  a  grain  of  pep- 
per. To  her  the  four  cardinal  virtues  were  industiy,  neatness, 
promptness,  and  economy.  When  her  husband  was  beset  with 
some  hurrying  customer  for  a  pair  of  new  shoes,  she  would 
thrust  her  snowy  cap  inside  the  door,  and  in  tones  like  those  of 
a  fife  major  would  say,  'Now,  William,  don't  promise  those 
shoes  until  you  know  you  can  have  them  done.'  She  criticized 
everybody  and  everything,  and  whether  favorably  or  adverse- 
ly, with  equal  heartiness  and  good-will." 

Eiverius  Bidwell  was  a  well  educated  man  of  Connecticut. 
He  married  Unicia  Hotchkiss  in  1810,  and  in  1812  moved  to 
Gustavus.  She  made  the  trip  rather  comfortably,  since  her 
rocking  chair  was  put  into  a  large  wagon.  Mr.  Bidwell  was 
eccentric,  but  earnest.  At  one  time  he  was  collector  of  taxes 
and  he  walked  at  a  brisk  gait,  barefoot,  from  house  to  house, 
collecting,  and  when  he  was  through  walked  to  Columbus  to 
settle  with  the  state  treasurer.  He  was  postmaster  at  Gustavus, 
'but  being  gone  so  much  of  the  time,  his  wife  really  did  the 
business.  In  1834  he  removed  to  Kinsman,  where  he  always 
took  an  active  interest.  His  father,  Eiverius  Sr.,  married 
Phoebe  Roberts  and  emigrated  to  Gustavus  about  1813,  l)ring- 
ing  the  most  of  his  family  with  him.  His  daughter,  ^Marietta, 
a  sister  of  Riverius  Jr.,  married  Buell  Barnes  and  settled  on 
the  home  farm  in  East  GustaA'us.  She  was  veiy  musical,  and 
could  sing-  sweetly  all  her 'days.  She  was  an  ardent  Aboli- 
tionist and  assumed  part  of  his  home  duties  while  he  was  in 
the  legislature,  being  glad  to  be  able  to  help  him  indirectly  to 
repeal  the  infamous  black  laws. 

One  of  the  well  remembered  families  of  Gustavus  was  the 
Waters,  Abner  and  Lucy.  They  came  from  Landisfield.  She 
was  a  very  devout  woman  and  her  brother-in-law,  Joshua  R. 
Giddings,  said,  "It  is  an  inspiration  to  talk  with  sister  Lucy." 
She  died  rather  early  in  life  and  in  1829  her  husband  married 
again.  Their  wedding  was  the  first  one  in  the  townshi]^  at 
which  wine  or  whiskey  was  not  served. 

Jesse  Lindsav  was  another  of  Gustavus'  citizens  who  came 


4T8  llISTOlfV  OF  TRU-AEBULL  COUNTY 

from  Grauby,  Connecticut.  When  he  married  Jerusha  Eice 
they  settled  in  Gnstavns.  She  was  one  of  the  most  industrious 
women  that  Gustavus  ever  had.  She  and  a  friend,  Mrs. 
Streator,  often  spun  lialf  the  night  after  having  done  their  other 
work  and  put  their  children  to  lied.  She  was  a  very  well 
informed  woman  and  knew  as  nmch  about  politics  as  most  of 
the  men  of  the  neighliorhood.  A  Gustavus  man,  in  sj^eaking 
of  her  intelligence  and  information,  said  she  "was,  I  think,  as 
capable  of  voting  as  men." 

Asa  Case  and  his  wife,  Dosa  Case  and  his  wife,  came  to 
Gustavus  in  the  autumn  of  1812,  from  Canton,  Connecticut. 
Hepzibah  and  Thurzah,  the  wives,  walked  many  days,  each 
carrying  a  baby  in  the  arms.  The3'  settled  near  the  home  of 
Joseph  Hart,  in  the  midst  of  an  unbroken  forest,  filled  with  all 
sorts  of  game,  and  both  men  and  women  applied  themselves 
diligently  to  the  work  of  making  home  out  of  the  forest.  Dosa 
had  the  first  peach  orchard  in  that  region. 

One  of  the  men  who  achieved  unpleasant  notoriety  in  Gus- 
tavus was  Ira  W.  Gardner,  who  murdered  his  step-daughter 
because  she  refused  to  yield  to  his  lustful  passion.  He  stabbed 
her  with  a  ))utcher  knife,  hitting  her  heart.  He  was  the  only 
man  hanged  in  Truml»ull  County,  and  Gustavus  people  still 
.S])eak  of  him  with  the  utmost  contempt. 

Another  man  known  throughout  the  United  States  at  the 
time  was  John  Brown  Jr.  He  married  Weltha  Hotchkiss,  of 
Gustavus.  Later  he  moved  to  Vernon,  went  to  Kansas,  and 
finally  died  at  Put-in-Bay.  When  his  father  went  to  Harper's 
Ferry,  the  son  was  suspected  of  being  in  conspiracy  with  him 
and  the  authorities  sought  to  arrest  him.  When  the  United 
States  marshal  reached  Jefferson,  Brown's  friends  told  him 
that  at  least  a  thousand  men  would  resist  his  arrest,  as  he  was 
in  no  way  guilty,  whereu])on  the  marshal  withdrew. 

Few  people  know  that  Elisha  Gray,  the  inventor,  lived  for 
some  time  in  Trumbull  County.  He  Avas  exceedingly  poor,  and 
one  year  he  asked  Mr.  David  Gilbert,  the  father  of  Judge  D. 
E.  Gilbert,  to  allow  him  to  live  in  a  little  house,  one  stoiy, 
fifteen  by  twenty,  which  stood  on  Mr.  Gilbert's  place.  This 
was  not  plastered,  but  Mr.  Gray  pi;t  boards  on  the  inside,  and 
))a]iered  it  so  that  it  looked  comfortable.  However,  it  was 
exceedingly  cold.  One  springtime,  tiring  of  his  poverty.  Gray 
rented  a  sugar  camp  in  the  vicinity  and  urged  Mr.  Gilbert  to 
allow  his  second  son,  D.  E.,  then  a  lad  about  eighteen,  to  assist 


HISTORY  (»F  Ti;r:\iBrLL  corxTV  4:9 

him  iu  tlie  sugar  eainp.  The  arraiigeiiieut  was  made  aud  Gray 
and  young  Gilliert  went  to  work,  and  work  they  did,  for  the 
camp  was  not  well  equipped.  They  were  several  miles  from 
home  and  they  would  boil  as  late  as  they  possibly  could  and 
often  iiad  not  time  to  go  home  at  night.  Being  particularly 
tired  one  night  young  Gilbert  suggested  that  they  crawl  into 
the  schoolhouse  which  was  not  far  away  and  sleep  on  the  floor. 
This  they  did.  A  few  nights  later,  instead  of  going  to  the 
schoolhouse  they  crawled  onto  the  hay  in  a  near-by  barn.  In 
the  night  they  awakened,  each  shaking  with  a  chill.  When  they 
were  sufficiently  aroused  they  found  that  a  snow  storm  had 
come  up,  that  the  roof  was  so  I'tiII  of  holes  they  were  covered 
with  snow.  They  therefore  decided  to  walk  home.  Taking 
their  lantern  they  started  cross  lots.  They  soon  entered  a  piece 
of  woods.  Here  young  Gilbert  had  played,  here  he  had  hunted 
for  squirrels  and  birds  aud  he  knew  every  bit  of  it.  Someone 
had  had  a  fire  in  the  woods  that  day  and  there  was  a  little  of  it 
left,  not  enough  for  warmth  liut  so  it  could  be  seen.  They 
started  to  cross  the  woods  near  this  lire  and  in  half  an  hour  they 
found  themselves  back  at  the  fire,  although  they  had  supposed 
themselves  to  be  going  straight  ahead.  This  happened  two  or 
three  times.  Finally  young  Gilbert  suggested  putting  out  the 
lantern  which  they  were  carrying,  thinking  possibly  the  first  of 
the  moining  light  might  soon  be  there.  They  walked  this  way 
to  the  edge  of  the  woods  where  they  fcnind  the  camp,  and  then 
got  their  bearing.  Although  they  did  not  reach  home  until 
three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  they  went  to  work  as  usual.  They 
"sugared  off"  and  had  enough  cakes  to  fill  the  bottom  of  a 
wagon.  With  great  joy  they  started  home  with  their  load.  Be- 
fore they  Avere  half  way  there  a  rain  came  up,  and  hurry  as  they 
might,  the  melted  sugar  was  running  from  the  wagon. 

Api)arently  Mr.  Gray  was  more  successful  with  electrical 
appliances  than  with  farming.  All  the  while  he  was  wintering 
in  this  cabin  he  was  working  on  inventions,  and  sometimes  as  he 
boiled  sap  he  would  sit  and  dream  in  front  of  the  fire  to  the  con- 
sternation of  young  Gilbert,  who  had  to  constantly  watch  lest 
the  fire  go  out  or  the  sugar  burn.  A  chuni  which  at  this  time 
he  patented  proved  unsuccessful.  When  he  was  working  on 
the  telephone  his  wife  really  became  alarmed  about  him.  He 
was  then  in  Oberlin.  Days  and  weeks  at  times  he  sat  u]!- 
stairs  like  a  man  in  a  dream.     She  thought  he  was  losing  bis 


480  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

mind.  One  day  lie  came  running  down  stairs  calling  "Eureka," 
Delia,  Eureka." 

His  early  friends  who  knew  liini  well  believed  he  invented 
the  telephone  which  now  bears  Bell's  name.  Gray  cared  noth- 
ing for  fame,  but  did  care  for  the  invention  itself.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  a  lawsuit  was  begim  by  Gray  against  Bell  for 
the  infringement  of  patents,  and  that  it  never  came  to  trial. 
Although  Gray  was  very  poor  before  that,  aftei-wards  he  had 
much  money,  and  before  he  was  through  this  amounted  to  a  mil- 
lion dollars.  It  was  supposed  that  he  allowed  Bell  to  have  the 
name  for  a  certain  sum  of  money  or  interest  in  the  business. 

The  first  physician  to  settle  in  this  township  was  Xaphtali 
Streator,  who  came  early  in  1800.  Dr.  Allen,  of  Kinsman,  had 
a  large  practice  in  Gustavus.  Dr.  Isaac  Barclay  later  practiced 
in  Gustavus.  He  had  a  reputation  among  members  of  his  own 
profession  throughout  Trumbull  County.  He  was  one  of  seven- 
teen children,  the  youngest  of  twelve  brothers. 

Gustavus  was  early  attached  to  Greene  in  its  organization, 
but  in  1821  became  a  distinct  township.  The  first  trustees  were 
Ithemur  Pelton,  Asa  Case  and  Rufus  Beman;  Joseph  Hart  was 
the  treasurer;  Thaddeus  Selby,  township  clerk. 

In  1808  Sally  Wakeman  taught  the  first  school  in  a  new  log 
barn  northeast  of  the  center.  Patrons  paid  the  tuition,  and 
her  salary  was  seventy-five  cents  a  week. 

The  first  schoolhouse  was  built  in  1813,  on  Riverius  Bid- 
well's  place.  Esther  Bidwell,  although  she  had  but  just  arrived 
in  the  district,  was  the  teacher.  Clothing  and  food  were  very 
scarce  and  sometimes  the  children  had  no  head  covering,  but 
tied  up  their  ears  with  a  pocket  handkerchief,  and  often  had  no 
food  except  meat,  beside  grain  which  was  boiled.  There  were 
times  when  they  did  not  have  this,  l)ut  lived  on  boiled  beech 
leaves. 

Lucy  Case  was  one  of  the  early  teachers,  and  she,  like 
Esther  Bidwell,  was  greatly  beloved. 

In  1841  money  was  contributed  for  the  erection  of  an 
academy  at  Gustavus.  Rev.  Benjamin  Fenn,  Buell  Barnes, 
and  others,  started  this  project.  Stock  was  sold  for  ten  dollars 
a  share.  Buell  Barnes  was  then  a  member  of  the  legislature, 
and  he  secured  the  incorporation  of  the  company,  and  in  184.3-4 
the  building  was  erected  and  work  liegun  in  it  in  the  fall. 
Franklin  B.  Howe  was  the  principal.     In  1881  a  boarding  hall 


HISTORY  OF  Tr.r.MBULL  C'OUXTY  481 

costing'  $:2,3(>()  was  built.  The  academy  buildiug  was  later 
bought  by  the  township  and  became  the  pulilic  high  school. 

Gustavus  was  the  tirst  township  in  Trumbull  County  to 
adopt  the  modern  system  of  centralized  schools.  Previous  to 
centralization  there  were  seven  school  districts,  one  joint  sulv 
district,  and  a  township  high  school  located  at  the  center.  Dur- 
ing the  '90s  the  high  school  building,  which  had  been  the 
academy  building,  was  condemned  by  the  state  inspector  of 
public  buildings.  The  school  board  sent  a  committee  to  the 
partially  centralized  schools  of  Kingsville  township,  Ashtabula 
county,  to  investigate  its  centralized  rural  schools.  This  com- 
mittee reported  favorably,  and  the  question  of  centralization 
was  submitted  to  the  voters  of  Gustavus.  The  first  vote  re- 
sulted in  a  tie;  the  second  in  a  majority  of  17.  Some  of  the 
districts  at  tirst  proposed  to  remain  out;  but  all  tinally  came 
in,  and  .$3,000  was  voted  for  a  new  building.  The  old  district 
schoolhouses  were  sold  for  $25  to  $125  each. 

Unfortunate  management  caused  a  higher  tax  rate  than 
the  citizens  had  expected  under  the  new  system,  and  those  op- 
posed to  the  plan  had  the  strongest  kind  of  basis  for  their 
arguments — the  pocket-book.  But  opposition  in  Gustavus  has 
ceased,  and  there  is  no  serious  thought  of  return  to  the  old  sys- 
tem. AVith  this  as  a  model,  adjoining  townships,  profiting  by 
the  pioneer  experience  of  Gustavus,  have  adopted  the  central 
school  .system. 

As  stated  elsewhere  preaching  was  had  at  the  house  of 
Jesse  Pelton.  Among  the  early  preachers  were  the  Eevs. 
Badger,  Bobbins,  Osgood.  In  1809  Eev.  Henry  Cowles,  a  Cou- 
gregationalist  from  Austinburg,  iireached  at  the  house  of 
Josiah  Pelton,  who  is  supposed  to  have  paid  him  for  his  work. 

In  1825  Eev.  Joseph  Badger  and  Ephraim  T.  "Woodruff 
held  services  and  nearly  thirty  people  were  organized  into  a 
Congregational  church.  This  was  done  in  the  usual  way,  that 
is  on  the  jJan  of  union.  In  1825  it  was  voted  that  the  presby- 
tery take  the  management  of  the  church,  Eufus  Beman  became 
clerk  and  deacon,  while  he,  together  with  Asa  Case  and  Abner 
"Waters,  constituted  a  standing  committee.  Eev.  Joseph  Badger 
became  the  pastor  and  served  ten  years.  He  resigned  on 
account  of  infirmities  of  age  and  Eev.  Benjamin  Fenn  suc- 
ceeded him.  In  184-1  Eev.  E.  B.  Chamberlain;  after  that  some 
of  the  pastors  ha\'e  l)een  Allen,  Cone,  Spellman,  Chamberlain, 
Dye.     Mr.  Dye    served  in    1866  and  the    question  of    slavery, 


4S3  HISTOUY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

which  troubled  so  many  of  the  early  churches,  crept  into  this, 
and  the  Oougregatioualists  withdrew,  forming  a  separate 
church.  The  Presbyterians  reduced  in  numbers,  were  after  a 
time  forced  to  abandon  their  services.  They  had  erected  a 
church  at  the  center,  but  it  is  not  now  in  use. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  so  few  records  of  the  early  Metho- 
dists of  Trumbull  County  have  been  preserved.  Almost  noth- 
ing is  to  be  had  in  regard  to  this  denomination  in  Gustavus.  A 
class  was  formed  there  about  1809,  but  missionaries  and  circuit 
riders  rarely  came  into  that  township,  the  people  attending  the 
church  in  Kinsman.  Just  when  the  first  log  meeting-house 
north  of  the  center  was  erected  is  not  known;  no  list  of  Metho- 
dist ministers  is  kept. 

At  one  time  a  factory  building  was  remodeled  and  i;sed 
for  a  church.  The  quarterly  conference  records  begin  with 
August  29,  1835.  Ira  P.  Elder  was  the  presiding  elder,  Steven 
Hubbard  was  the  preacher,  and  the  assistant  was  E.  J.  L. 
Baker.  The  circuit  at  that  time  consisted  of  Gustavus  Center, 
Boons,  Kinsman,  Morse,  Bates,  Jolmston  Center,  Mecca, 
Greene,  West  Mecca. 

Alfred  Mowry  had  the  contract  in  1856  for  erecting  the 
present  meeting-house.  It  cost  $2,160.  The  building  commit- 
tee consisted  of  S.  P.  Eobbius,  Franklin  Holcomb,  Draper 
Eeeder,  Harvey  Moore,  and  David  Kinleyside.  The  church 
membership  was  then  seventy,  with  one  on  probation. 

In  1908  the  church  was  remodeled.  The  present  mem- 
bership is  one  hundred  and  two. 

The  question  of  a  parsonage  for  this  church  was  brought 
U13  at  quarterly  meeting  by  Brother  Winans  in  1838,  it  was 
again  considered  in  1842.  In  18-1:4  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  estimate  the  cost  of  such  a  building.  In  1846  two  himdred 
and  fifty  dollars  was  subscribed,  and  a  building  committee  ap- 
pointed. About  1857  this  building  was  completed.  Five  years 
ago  it  was  re-roofed  and  a  stable  erected. 

In  1838  there  were  only  two  Sabbath  schools  on  this  cir- 
cuit. In  November,  1845,  there  were  "four  Sabbath  schools 
all  of  which  were  closed  for  the  winter."  In  these  four  schools 
there  were  521  volumes  of  books.  In  1855  we  read  that  the 
schools  were  closed  for  the  winter.  As  late  as  1861  we  find 
that  the  scholars  could  get  to  the  schools  in  the  winter  time, 
and  since  then  they  have  not  been  closed.  Ralph  G.  Staley  is 
the  present  pastor. 


HISTORY  OF  TPtUMBULL  COUXTY  483 

Michael  Scott  gave  the  hiud  for  the  new  (A)iigregatioual 
church,  aud  iu  the  deed  was  a  clause  ])roYiding  that  when  it 
was  no  longer  used  for  church  purposes  it  was  to  revert  to  him 
or  his  heirs.     Ahout  fifteen  years  ago  it  was  torn  down. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX.— HAETFORD. 
Bt'KGHiLL,  Beockway's  Hill,    Dutch  Ridge. —    The  Bf.aixaed 

AND  BUSHXELL  FAMILIES. AeEWAL  OF   ElaM 

Jones. — Fiest  Events. — Teachees  of 

THE  Fiest  Schools. — Chi-ech 

Communion  in  a  Geove. — 

Fanny  Dana  Gage. — 

Oe.angeville. 

Township  5,  range  1,  named  for  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
lias  a  rather  interesting-  history.  In  the  north  part  of  the  town- 
sliip  is  a  rise  of  ground  fifty  feet  liigli  with  a  numher  of  springs 
near  its  base.  Here  four  of  the  early  families  settled.  Mr. 
Bushnell,  who  lived  in  the  lower  part  of  the  township,  used  to 
call  this  settlement  "the  burg"  and  later  it  became  Burghill. 
The  portion  of  Orangville  which  is  in  Trumbull  County,  is  in 
the  northeast  part  of  this  township.  A  rise  in  the  ground  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  township  is  known  as  "Brockway's  Hill," 
while  in  the  southeast  portion  the  Germans  early  settled,  and 
the  term  "Dutch  Ridge"  was  applied  to  this  district. 

Hartford  was  settled  very  early,  Ashael  Brainard,  Ed- 
ward Brockway,  Isaac  Jones,  all  of  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
coming  to  the  township  in  1799.  The  first  named  was  unmar- 
ried, and  he  stayed  through  the  winter  in  the  cabin  which  they 
built.  In  the  fall  they  had  sowed  some  wheat.  The  other  two 
returned  with  their  families  in  the  spring,  so  that  the  first 
settlement  inigiit  be  said  to  be  that  of  either  1799  or  1800. 

Edward  Brockway  is  the  best  remembered  of  these  three 
men  because  of  his  large  family  connection.  He  married  four 
times,  had  children  by  each  wife,  and  as  two  of  his  wives  were 
widows  with  children,  his  combined  family  numbered  twenty- 
five.  If  he  had  been  alive  today  "Teddy,  the  Lion  Hunter," 
might  have  brought  him  some  African  keepsake.  Of  course, 
it  is  no  consequence  that  four  women  gave  .up  their  lives  in 
the  rearing  and  caring  for  this  numerous  progeny.  Eight  of 
Edward  Brockway's  children  were  girls,  and  five  of  them  mar- 
ried into  the    Jones    family.     A    granddaughter  of    Lorinda 

484 


IIJSTOIIY  OF  TI7r:\[BrLL  COUNTY  iS5 

Broekway,  Rebee'ca  .Jones,  remained  a  spinster  and  was  t'oi- 
many  years  a  sneeessfnl  milliner,  liaving  a  large  nnmbcr  of 
patrons. 

Braiuard  sjient  the  winter  in  clearing  land  and  preparing 
for  the  coming  of  the  two  families.  One  night  two  Indian  visi- 
tors after  having  partaken  rather  freel}'  of  whiskey  became 
(juarrelsome  on  their  way  home,  and  one  killed  the  other  near 
the  farm  which  was  so  long  the  home  of  Dwight  Chapman  and 
liis  family.  In  after  years  some  students  exhumed  the  remains 
and  his  skeleton  was  a  long  time  in  Dr.  Wilcox's  office  at  Burg- 
hill. 

AVhen  Mr.  and  jNIrs.  William  Bushnell,  whose  descendants 
have  lieen  numerous  in  Hartford,  reached  that  township,  they 
slept  under  a  covering  made  by  partly  chopping  a  tree,  and 
leaning  the  fallen  part  against  the  stump.  A  hard  rain  came  on 
and  they  had  to  remain  there  most  of  the  time  for  nine  days. 
This  family  was  a  happy  one,  l)ut  when  fever  raged  ten  members 
of  it  died,  one  being  Mrs.  Bushnell. 

]Mrs.  Sarah  P.  Bushnell,  who  edited  the  chapter  on  Hart- 
ford in  the  "Memorial  to  the  Pioneer  Women  of  the  Western 
Eeserve, "  tells  of  the  inn  which  was  opened  by  David  Lane, 
and  was  the  second  hotel  in  that  place,  Aaron  Broekway  having 
kept  the  first.  "Near  it  was  the  old  military  parade  ground 
where  Colonel  Bichard  Hayes  assembled  his  soldiers  in  1812, 
and  near  the  road  in  front  of  the  house  the  same  old  spring  is 
seen.  The  old  Pennsylvania  covered  wagons,  loaded  with 
freigiit  from  Philadelphia  to  snp]ily  the  needs  of  the  new  coun- 
try, made  this  a  place  of  rest.  ^  *  *  *  It  is  said  at  one 
time  Mrs.  Lane  had  been  baking  a  large  quantity  of  pies  and 
cakes  for  a  special  occasion,  in  the  old  brick  oven  outside. 
After  taking  tliem  out  she  placed  them  in  a  shed  back  of  the 
log  house  t"0  cool,  and  proceeded  with  her  work.  On  going  to 
put  them  away  it  was  found  that  a  band  of  sneaking  Indians 
had  appropriated  them  to  their  private  use." 

Bathsheba  Burr,  a  relative  of  Aaron  Burr,  was  born  in 
1755  and  lived  one  hundred  years.  Her  native  state  was  Con- 
necticut. She  married  Joseph  Foot  and  moved  to  New  York 
state.  He  went  to  the  war  of  1776  and  left  her  almost  destitute. 
At  one  time  she  left  her  children  in  the  house  alone,  threw  a 
sack  of  corn  on  her  back  and  walked  twenty  miles  to  mill.  Her 
husband  died  during  the  wai',  and  a  nearby  neighbor  gave  her  a 
piece  of  meat  and  a  pan  of  meal  for  temporary  subsistence. 


486  HISTORY  OF  TEr:\rP.rLL  COUXTY 

She  had  four  diildreu.  She  bound  out  the  oldest  "aud  -with  the 
three  remaiuing  started  on  foot,  carrying  one.  leading  one,  while 
one  trudged  by  her  side."  She  begged  as  she  went,  "and  like 
Naomi  of  old,  returned  to  her  home  and  her  kindred  in  Connec- 
ticut." One  would  think  that  so  terrible  an  experience  as  this 
would  have  made  future  joys  impossible.  But  we  next  find  her 
married  to  Isaac  Fowler  and  going  to  Vienna  in  1799.  and  later 
she  became  the  third  wife  of  Captain  Thomas  Thompson.  If 
the  pioneers  were  short  on  provisions  and  comforts  they  seem 
to  have  had  plenty  of  husbands  and  wives.  Captain  Thomp- 
son's daughter,  Abigail,  was  for  many  years  deputy-post- 
master. 

Mary  Bushnell,  the  daughter  of  General  Alexander  Bush- 
nell  and  the  wife  of  Simon  Estabrook  of  "Warren,  lived  at  the 
beginning  of  the  excitement  occasioned  by  the  underground  rail- 
way. At  one  time  a  person  convicted  of  helping  many  of  these 
darkies  to  Canada  could  be  punished  by  imprisonment  and  a 
tine  of  not  less  than  .$500.  For  this  reason  many  a  colored  man 
has  been  guided  to  safety  by  women  of  northeastern  Ohio. 
Mary  Bushnell  at  one  time  drove  alone  through  the  dark  woods, 
conducting  some  colored  men  till  she  reached  the  house  of  Levi 
Sutliff  in  Vernon,  which  was  the  nearest  station  to  her  father's 
house.  Here  the  first  Mrs.  Levi  Sutliff,  Mary  Plumb,  joined 
her  and  they  drove  with  their  passengers  at  a  goodly  speed, 
reaching  Andover,  Ashtabula  county,  before  daylight,  where 
the  men  were  again  taken  under  cover,  kept  during  the  day  and 
reached  Canada  safely.  Sarah  Bushnell  tells  how  Phoebe 
Bushnell  Borden  rode  to  Mercer,  Pennsylvania,  and  back,  hav- 
ing her  purchases  hung  on  the  horn  of  her  saddle  and  a  set  of 
dishes  in  her  lap.  Mrs.  Borden  was  the  last  of  the  adult 
pioneers. 

Titus  Hayes  and  his  wife  Deborah  Beckwith  came  to  Hart- 
ford in  1804  with  their  son,  Col.  Richard  Hayes.  Titus  Hayes 
spent  the  winter  under  Washington  at  Valley  Forge.  Eichard 
Hayes  was  colonel  in  the  Ohio  militia  and  was  in  the  war  of 
1812.  Edward  Hayes,  the  grandson  of  Titus,  was  a  colonel  in 
the  war  of  the  rebellion. 

One  of  the  strong  characters  of  Hartford  was  Elam  Jones 
and  his  wife  Sarah  Hyde.  They  kept  the  tirst  tavern  at  the 
center  of  the  township.  He  brought  the  first  books  for  the 
library  which  long  existed  in  the  township  and  he  was  the 
]i))rarian.     Mrs.  Jones  was  born  in  1776  and  lived  ninety-five 


HISTOEY  OF  TUUMBULL  COUXTY  4S7 

years.  Mrs.  Buslmell  says  that  Mrs.  Joues  arrived  with  her 
husband  and  her  bal)y  ou  the  -ith  of  July,  1S05.  "When  they 
reached  the  center  of  the  township  all  the  men  of  the  town  were 
celebrating-  Independence  day  by  clearing  oft'  the  foi'est  trees 
from  the  green  upon  which  the  schoolhouse  soon  appeared, 
followed  in  1819  by  the  church  which  now  (1896)  stands.  This 
chui'ch  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  church  building  with  a 
steeple  in  Trumbull  County."  Women  as  well  as  men  helped  to 
build  this  Congregational  church.  Mrs.  Jones  did  her  part  by 
furnishing  dinners  for  the  carpenters  and  finishers,  and  her 
daughters,  Harriet  Jones,  afterwards  Mrs.  Parker,  and  Electa 
Jones,  afterwards  Mrs.  Bushnell,  carried  the  dinners  in  their 
hands  a  half  a  mile  so  that  the  men  might  not  lose  any  time  by 
coming  for  it.  The  brother  of  these  enterprising  girls  was 
Hon.  Lucien  C.  Jones,  who  for  many  years  was  one  of  the  lead- 
ing attorneys  at  the  Trumbull  Coimty  bar,  residing  in  later  life 
in  Warren,  and  his  children,  Harriet  and  George,  reside  in 
Warren  now. 

Most  of  the  townships  in  Trumbull  County  were  fortunate 
in  having  German  settlers.  Those  in  the  southern  tiers  had  the 
most.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Kepner  were  the  first  Germans  of 
Hartford.  No  matter  where  we  have  found  these  settlers,  what 
their  condition  was,  we  always  find  flowers.  Mrs.  Kepner 
brought  tulips,  lilies,  roses  and  herbs,  and  some  of  these  lilies 
a  few  years  since  were  thrifty  bullis,  sending  up  beautiful  white 
flowers.  "Her  beautiful  hemstitched  linens,  high  feather  beds 
and  sanded  floors  were  the  admiration  of  her  neighbors." 

The  tirst  justice  of  the  peace,  Titus  Brockway,  was  also  the 
tirst  postmaster. 

The  first  dwelling  house  at  the  center  was  built  l)y  Seth 
Thompson  Sr.,  in  18in.  It  was  of  course  of  logs  and  it  stood 
north  of  "the  green." 

The  first  apple  tree  was  on  the  farm  of  Titus  Brockway. 

The  war  of  1812  added  largely  to  the  inhal)itants  of  the 
town  of  Hartford,  as  it  did  to  most  of  the  northeastern  town- 
ships. 

The  first  white  child  born  in  the  township  was  Harriet 
Merry  (1801).  A  flag  used  for  the  celebration  of  the  Fourth 
of  July  in  1821  was  made  at  her  house,  she  having  married 
Theron  Plumli.  Her  sons  w-ere  Hon.  Samuel  Plumb,  of  Ober- 
lin,  Ohio,  and  Hon.  Ealpli  Plumb,  a  leading  citizen  of  Streator, 
Illinois. 


488  HISTOEY  OF  TltUMBULL  COUNTY 

The  first  bride  was  Jerusha  Bushnell,  who  married  Linus 
Hayes,  and  she  the  first  adult  to  die. 

The  first  jserson  to  be  buried  in  the  cemetery  at  the  center 
was  Lucy,  the  daughter  of  Asa  and  Lucy  Andrews. 

The  first  physician  in  Hartford  was  Dr.  Daniel  Upson. 
After  a  time  he  moved  to  "Worthington,  Franklin  county,  Ohio, 
and  later  to  Talmadge,  where  he  died  in  1863.  He  was  the 
father  of  Judge  William  Upson  of  Akron,  and  his  grandson 
Henry  is  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  Cleveland. 

The  first  school  which  the  children  of  Hartford  attended 
was  one  at  Burghill,  taught  by  Miss  Bartholomew;  scholars 
from  Vernon  and  Hartford  both  attended  here.  In  1805  a 
frame  building  was  erected  on  the  "green."  It  was  one  of  the 
first  frame  buildings  in  the  town.  It  was  moved  around  from 
one  position  to  another  and  served  as  church  and  town  hall  as 
well  as  schoolhouse.  The  first  woman  teacher  in  this  school- 
house  was  Amanda  Finney.  Wells  Andrews  taught  in  the 
winter. 

One  of  the  largest  early  schools  had  one  hundred  and  six 
scholars,  and  Theodore  Trade  was  the  teacher.  He  not  only 
taught  this  day  school,  but  taught  writing  and  spelling  in  the 
evening,  and  for  this  day  and  night  service  he  received  $17  a 
month. 

The  first  schoolhouse  in  the  "mill"  district  was  erected 
about  1808,  and  General  Charles  "Woodruff  was  the  teacher. 
The  second  schoolhouse  was  near  the  mill-dam  and  Miss  La- 
vinia  Flower  was  the  teacher,  and  that  winter  Thomas  Bushnell 
Jr.  had  charge.  This  schoolhouse  was  of  logs,  as  was  the  one 
in  the  east  district.  The  east  school  was  taught  by  Electa 
Jones.  We  quote  the  following  from  Williams  history:  "The 
first  school  on  the  ridge  was  taught  bj"  Miss  Pluma  Moore.  The 
first  schoolhouse  in  the  west  district  stood  on  the  Bates  farm 
about  one-half  mile  north  of  Bates  Corners."  Among  the 
teachers  of  Hartford  was  Marshall  Woodford.  He  was  at  one 
time  the  principal  of  the  schools  in  Warren,  and  when  he 
stopped  teaching  and  began  practicing  his  profession,  law,  he 
was  elected  member  of  the  Warren  school  board,  and  did  most 
excellent  service  in  that  capacity.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Warren  Library,  and  his  sudden  and  unex- 
pected death  was  a  shock  to  all  his  acquaintances. 

A  schoolhouse  built  in  1827  at  Burghill  and  one  the  next 
year   at   the   center  were   used  by  Hartford  jjupils  for  nearly 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY  489 

a  quarter  of  a  century,  wheu  they  were  removed  to  make  room 
for  new  ones. 

In  the  early  '80s  there  were  nine  district  schools  in  the 
townshii).  At  present  tlieir  common  scliools  are  centralized, 
and  William  E.  Lingo  is  superintendent. 

The  first  school  of  the  higher  grade  was  tauglit  by  John 
Crowell  in  182-i  at  the  house  of  Thomas  Thomjjson.  Sixteen 
years  later  Miss  Caroline  Billings  had  a  school  for  young  ladies, 
which  was  so  thorough  and  efficient  as  to  l^e  still  remembered. 

The  general  assembly  i)assed  an  act  incorporating  the 
Hartford  high  school  in  1849,  and  the  fall  of  that  year  John 
Lynch  began  teaching.  He  was  a  very  efficient  instructor.  In 
1871  the  school  was  held  in  the  old  church  which  had  been  aban- 
doned. It  was  repaired  at  the  cost  of  $200(1.  Edwin  Bennett 
was  among  the  trustees,  and  the  school  was  named  Hartford 
Academic  Institute.  This  school  was  maintained  by  tuition  and 
private  contribution. 

Rev.  .Joseph  Badger,  who  organized  most  of  the  Presi)y- 
terian  and  Congregational  clmrclies  in  Trumbull  County,  was 
the  first  preacher  to  hold  service  in  Hartford.  In  1800  peo- 
]ile  from  Hartford  and  Vernon  attended  his  meetings  and 
three  men,  Edward  Brockway,  Isaac  Jones,  and  Charles 
^lerry,  probably  their  wives  also,  were  present  from  Hartford. 
Although  there  was  some  agitation  about  the  formation  of  a 
church  society,  it  was  not  until  1803  that  Edward  Brockway 
and  his  wife,  Sarah  Bates,  Timothy  Crosby,  Titus  Brockway, 
Plumb  Sutliff,  Sarah  Palmer,  and  Sarah  Smith  decided  to  be- 
come jnemliers.  The  church  was  organized  on  the  plan  of 
union.  Their  first  communion  was  held  in  a  grove  because  so 
many  peojile  were  present  that  no  liuilding  would  accommo- 
date them.  Forty  communicants  were  present.  Rev.  Mr.  Tait, 
of  Mercer,  preached  the  sermon.  Captain  Thomas  Thompson 
must  have  been  a  public-spirited  citizen,  since,  as  we  have  seen, 
the  first  liigh  scliool  was  held  in  his  house  and  in  1804  a  four- 
days'  meeting  of  the  Congregationalists  was  held  in  his  barn. 
Wells  Andrews,  tlie  teacher  of  1805  above  referred  to,  was  one 
of  these  first  communicants,  and  afterwards  became  ])astor  of 
the  church.  So  far  as  we  know  this  was  the  first  church  or- 
ganized on  the  union  plan  in  the  ]ireseut  Trumbull  County.  It 
was  called  "The  Church  of  (Jirist  in  Hartford,  A'ernon  and 
Kinsman." 

The  meetings  were   held   in   the  different   townships,   and 


iW  HISTOIJY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

as  there  was  uo  settled  place  of  -worship,  neither  were  there 
any  settled  pastors.  In  1819  a  church  was  erected.  Rev. 
Harvey  Coe  hecame  the  pastor  in  1814.  Like  the  Eev.  Mr. 
Badger  he  is  mentioned  in  several  places  in  this  history.  For 
nine  years  Mr.  Coe  jireached  in  the  three  towns.  The 
first  deacons  of  the  Hartford  liranch  were  Titiis  Brockway  and 
Daniel  Bushnell.  Two  years  after  the  erection  of  the  church, 
that  is  1821,  there  were  210  members.  In  September,  1823, 
forty-three  persons,  among  them  many  of  the  best  known  citi- 
zens of  the  township,  decided  to  form  a  church  of  their  own. 
Rev.  Harvey  Coe  was  at  this  organization  and  later  resigned 
his  pastorate.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  AVells  Andrews, 
who  was  so  connected  with  this  church  through  family  ties, 
through  early  days  spent  in  the  township,  that  he  was  very 
valuable  in  the  church  life.  The  church  jirospered  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  In  1840,  forty-two  persons  withdrew  to  form  a 
Presbyterian  church.  Rev.  George  Young  was  the  minister 
and  the  first  meeting  was  held  at  the  center  in  the  brick  school- 
house.  Subsequent  meetings  were  held  in  Alva  Hart's  store, 
and  a  church  erected  in  1846.  Hon.  Seth  Hayes  gave  a  larger 
part  of  the  money  for  the  building  of  this  church,  and  his  wife, 
Sarah,  presented  the  bell.  In  1852  the  church  re-united  with 
the  original  church.  In  the  meantime  Philo  Borden  and  his 
son  Russell  gave  laud  on  which  a  parsonage  was  built  in  1843. 
John  Keep  was  one  of  the  early  pastors  and  Theodore  J.  Keep 
was  also  a  pastor.  Rev.  B.  Fenn,  one  of  the  noted  early  Pres- 
byterian diyines,  was  also  a  pastor. 

The  iirst  Methodist  church  to  be  organized  on  the  Western 
Reserve  was  at  Vernon.  The  year  was  1801.  The  history  of 
this  is  given  in  detail  in  the  history  of  Vernon  township.  The 
people  of  ^''ernon  and  Hartford  were  so  closely  connected,  and 
the  place  of  meeting-  in  Vernon  was  so  near  Hartford,  that  it 
was  moved  into  the  latter  township.  Readers  interested  in 
this  church  may  read  about  it  in  Vernon. 

About  1820  occasional  meetings  were  held  in  the  school- 
house  at  Brockway  Mills.  Regular  preaching  was  not  had  un- 
til 1822,  when  the  circuit  riders  appeared  quite  regularly. 
Later  a  class  was  formed  and  meetings  were  held  regularly, 
but  the  time  had  to  be  set  to  suit  the  riders.  In  1850  a  regular 
minister  was  given  the  church,  and  seven  years  later  a  build- 
ing was  constructed.  Miss  Sarah  Fowler,  daughter  of  Abner 
Fowler,  was  one  of  the  largest  subscribers  to,  and  most  de- 


HISTOIJY  OF  TRF-AIBULL  COrXTY  491 

voted  member  of,  this  oliiu-eli.  In  the  '80s  Miss  Cynthia  Bur- 
nett, who  later  married  and  moved  to  Florida,  was  the  suiteriu- 
teudent  of  the  Sunday  school. 

The  Disciple  church  was  organized  during  the  excitement 
of  the  early  Campbellites.  The  men  who  did  the  preaching 
and  the  organizing  of  the  other  churches  in  Trumbull  County, 
visited  Hartford.  The  laliors  of  Hayden  and  Marcus  Bos- 
worth  brought  forth  fruit.  Alexander  Campbell  and  Walter 
Scott  both  preached  here.  The  organization  had  twenty-two 
members;  George  W.  Bushnell  was  the  overseer,  and  Elihu 
Bates,  leader.  For  twenty  years  this  church  held  its  meetings 
in  the  schoolhouse  on  "West  street  where  it  was  organized,  but 
in  1853  it  moved  to  the  center. 

The  oldest  cemetery  in  Hartford  is  at  the  center.  The 
land  was  given  by  Titus  Brockway  in  180.5.  Here  are  Iniried 
many  of  the  pioneers  of  whom  we  have  just  read:  Asahel 
Braiuard,  Edward  Brockway,  etc.  The  west  burying  ground 
was  given  to  the  township  liy  Elihu  Bates,  and  Mrs.  Samuel 
Bates,  who  died  in  1837,  was  the  first  buried  there.  The  bury- 
ing ground  at  Burghill  is  the  best  preserved  and  the  most  used 
now.  Eliza  Hayes'  body  was  the  first  interred  here.  The 
ground  was  given  by  the  Hayes  family  and  a  goodly  share  of 
this  family  sleep  there.  There  was  no  burying  place  at  Orange- 
ville  until  1841,  when  land  for  that  purpose  was  donated  by 
Augustus  Reid.    The  first  interment  was  Ann  Catherine  Root. 

The  author  has  tried  to  mention  in  each  of  the  townships 
persons  who  have  achieved  national  reputation.  Hartford's 
best  known  citizen  was  Fanny  Dana  Gage,  who  wrote  under 
the  pen-name  of  "Aunt  Fanny"  and  who  was  one  of  the 
leaders  in  the  "Woman  Suffrage  cause.  She  was  a  fine  talker, 
and  wielded  a  forceful  jien.  There  are  preserved  in  this 
county  addresses  which  she  made  to  Congress,  and  letters 
which  she  wrote  to  prominent  senators  and  legislators.  When 
the  century  has  rolled  around,  and  the  ciuestion  of  wonu^u's 
advancement  has  been  studied,  it  will  be  foimd  that  Mrs.  Gage 
]ilayed  a  part  in  the  solution  of  that  ciuestion  greater  than 
any  of  her  townsmen  C(Uild  imagine,  and  greater  than  her  co- 
temporaries  realized. 

Orangeville,  situated  in  the  township  of  Hartford,  spreads 
out  into  Pennsylvania.  The  state  line  is  one  of  its  main 
streets.  It  was  organized  in  1868.  Nelson  Hyde  was  its  first 
mavor.    As  soon  as  it  was  organized,  a  schoolhouse  was  built 


492  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

aud  its  schools  have  always  beeu  excellent.  The  land  on  which 
it  stands  was  part  of  the  land  owned  originally  by  Brockway 
aud  Merry.  The  first  settler  was  a  German  named  Jacob 
Lontzenhiser.  He  early  liuilt  a  mill  which  he  sold  in  1802. 
"We  have  read  in  other  parts  of  this  history  how  the  early 
pioneers  of  venturous  spirit  aud  commercial  inclination  loaded 
fiat-boats  aud  went  down  the  rivers,  Mahoning,  Beaver,  Ohio, 
and  ^Mississippi,  to  New  Orleans.  Such  a  boat  made  such  a 
journey  from  Orangeville  in  1821. 

The  first  merchant  of  Orangeville  was  Moses  Beach. 

The  first  postmaster  was  Eensselaer  Root. 

The  first  mail  route  was  between  Warreu,  Ohio,  and 
Frankliu,  Pennsylvania.     Letters  were  delivered  weekly. 

The  population  was  so  scattered  that  in  the  beginning  two 
or  three  townships  united  in  the  formation  of  churches.  This 
was  true  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Orangeville.  In  1816, 
through  the  influence  of  Jonathan  Sheldon,  a  Baptist  church  of 
Fowler,  Hartford  and  Vernon  was  organized.  As  Mr.  Sheldon 
lived  at  Fowler,  the  meetings  were  more  often  held  there,  al- 
though Hartford  had  its  share.  The  first  meetings  of  this  as- 
sociation, like  those  of  others,  were  held  in  schoolhouses  and 
private  dwellings,  sometimes  barns.  Sidney  Eidgon,  of  Vir- 
ginia, who  figured  in  the  early  Bajitist  and  Christian  churches, 
li\-ed  at  Hartford  for  some  months  and  preached  for  these 
early  Baptists.  The  interest  which  the  Baptists  in  many  town- 
ships took  in  tlie  Christian  faith,  was  taken  in  Hartford,  and 
so  many  believed  'in  the  new  teaching  that  the  old  church  was 
greatly  crippled.  Finally  in  1835  it  was  re-organized  at 
Orangeville.  Tt  was  then  Baptist.  Rev.  John  Winters,  of 
whom  we  read  in  the  Warren  Baptist  church,  ])reached  in 
Orangeville  in  1843  and  added  many  membei'S.  The  church 
still  exists. 

The  Oi-angeville  Methodist  church  was  organized  in  1837 
The  congregation  soon  Iniilt  a  small  meeting  house  and  in  1872 
erected  a  new  church. 

The  United  Brethren  church,  which  was  originally  organ- 
ized in  Pennsylvania,  moved  to  Orangeville  in  1872.  The  resi- 
dents of  Orangeville  contributed  liberally  to  the  support  of  this 
church  upon  the  condition  that  when  it  was  not  being  used  liy 
the  association  for  its  church  meetings,  it  could  be  opened  to 
othi^r  denominations  and  for  ])ublic  entertainments  as  well. 


CHAPTER  XL.— HOWLAXD. 

JOHX       H.iETE       AdGATE. 1)aXIEL       HaXK. A       XOTED     HuTEL. 

Seeley     P^ajiily. — Baebee      Kixg. — Ratliffs. — Reeves 

Family. — The    Heatox    Stove. — Ewalt. — 

Kexxedy. — Schools     axd    Teachees. — 

HoWLAX'^D    FlAG-STOXE. 

Chueches. 

Range  3,  miuil)ei-  4,  was  called  Howlaud  from  Joseph 
Howland,  lie  having  paid  $24000  for  the  township.  He  was  a 
cultured  gentleman  whose  ancestors  came  over  in  the  May- 
flower. His  wife,  Lydia.  was  a  connection  of  the  Huntington 
family. 

The  first  settler  in  this  township  was  John  Hart  Adgate, 
who  came  here  in  1799.  He  had  purchased  1,600  acres  of  land, 
built  his  cabin,  and  started  his  home.  He  had  a  goodly  family 
of  children,  and  an  Indian,  Benoni  Ockrum,  lived  with 
him.  His  descendants  up  to  the  present  time  have  lived 
within  a  few  miles  of  the  old  home,  and  they  have  married  into 
some  of  the  most  respectable  families  of  the  county.  Their 
connection  now  numbers  hundreds.  Those  bearing  the  name 
of  Adgate  who  are  in  business  in  "Warren  are  John  and  his 
sou  Frank,  florists. 

Another  family  widely  known  was  that  of  Hank.  Daniel 
Hank  and  his  wife.  [Mary  ]\iasterson,  came  from  Washington 
county,  Pennsylvania  in  1804.  They  drove  the  first  covered  car- 
riage in  the  township.  The  youngest  child,  Richard,  was 
brought  on  horseliack.  The  father  died  in  1821,  leaving  a  debt 
upon  his  farm,  and  a  large  family.  Mary  Hank  then  accomp- 
lished a  remarkable  thing.  She  reared  her  own  children,  and 
five  orphans  besides,  educating  and  clothing  them  all.  while  in 
addition  she  paid  off  the  debt  on  the  farm. 

Richard  Hank,  and  his  wife,  Harriet,  for  many  years  kept 
a  hotel  at  Howland  Springs.    Here  people  repaired  to  rest  and 

493 


494  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

drink  the  iron  water,  and  here  were  held  balls  and  parties  and 
picnics.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hank  were  most  genial  to  guests. 
Everybody  who  had  once  been  in  their  home  respected  them. 
Mrs.  Hank  was  a  famous  cook,  her  fried  chicken,  wafBes,  cream 
potatoes,  and  fried  apples,  are  still  remembered  liy  the  peo- 
l^le  who  ate  them. 

General  Garfield  often  visited  this  hostleiy,  and  under  the 
trees  near  the  old  bowling  alley,  he  and  the  politicians  of 
Trumbull  County  talked  by  the  hour  over  the  stirring  events 
of  the  early  days  of  the  war.  Here  his  wife  and  their  little 
daughter,  coimuouly  called  "Trot,"  after  Dickens'  "Betsey 
Trot  wood,"  spent  many  summer  days.  "Trot"  received  this 
name  because  the  General  and  Mrs.  Garfield  expected  and 
wanted  her  to  be  born  a  boy.  However,  she  did  not  live  many 
years,  and  lies  buried  in  the  cemetery  in  Hiram.  The  sons 
which  came  to  the  General  afterwards  have  all  l)een  a  credit  to 
him,  and  yet,  to  the  mother,  Molly,  the  youngest  child,  has  been 
the  great  comfort  of  her  later  years. 

Mary  Hank  lived  to  be  eighty-one  years  old,  and  her  son 
Eichard  and  his  wife  both  lived  to  great  age.  Probably  no 
two  people  ever  spent  more  happy  days  together  than  they.  In 
their  latter  lives  they  lived  in  Hiram,  and,  being  devoted  to 
the  Disciple  church,  had  a  great  deal  of  comfort  from  their 
religion. 

The  Seely  family.  Dr.  John  W.  and  Sylvanus,  were  How- 
land  people,  and  most  of  their  lives  were  spent  in  that  town- 
ship. Sylvanus  finally  moved  to  town,  and  with  his  children, 
George  and  Jane  Seeley  Van  Gorder  (the  mother  of  Mrs.  John 
Kinsman),  lived  at  one  time  in  the  house  now  standing-  on 
South  Park  avenue,  just  south  of  the  fire  department. 

Barber  King,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  was  an  iron  worker. 
The  story  is  told  of  his  romance  with  a  lady  of  the  aristocracy 
who,  against  her  parents'  wishes,  married  him,  and  came  to 
live  in  tliis  new  country.  It  is  family  tradition  that  he  was  one 
of  the  Connecticut  Land  Company  surveyors  of  the  second 
summer.  He  chose  land  in  Canfield,  and  there  brought  his 
wife.  After  a  residence  of  two  years  they  moved  to  Girard, 
and  later  bought  of  General  Perkins  a  hundred  acres  of  land 
in  Howland,  and  moved  into  the  house  he  built  in  1806.  It  hap- 
pened this  day  was  the  one  on  which  occurred  a  total  eclipse  of 
the  sun.  At  the  time  of  the  massacre  of  Wyoming,  referred  to 
several  times  heretofore,    Barber  King  was    captured  by  the 


HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  COU^'TY  495 

Indians  and  lield  six  montlis.  He  was  sixty-nine  when  lie  died, 
and  his  wife  lived  near!}'  twenty  years  longer.  His  son  AVill- 
iam  married  Alary  B.  Kennedy,  a  danghter  of  Samnel  Kennedy, 
and  he  operated  the  home  farm.  His  grandson,  James  Frank- 
lin, commonly  known  as  Frank,  was  one  of  the  most  snecess- 
ful  farmers  Howland  has  ever  produced.  He  married  Cornelia 
J.  Andrews,  a  danghter  of  Samnel  Andrews,  and  she  was  in 
every  way  a  helpmeet  to  him.  The  spring  water  which  was  at 
Howland  Springs  ran  through  tlieir  farm,  and  they  had  a 
picturesque  spring  house  in  which  their  milk  was  kept  and 
their  hutter  was  churned.  Mrs.  King  was  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful hutter-makers  of  Trumbull  County.  Upon  the  death  of 
her  husliand,  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago,  she  moved  into  town,  re- 
sided with  her  father,  Samuel  Andrews,  and  later  she  and  her 
sister  built  a  comfortable  home  on  Harmon  street,  where  she 
resided  until  her  death  two  years  ago.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Franklin 
King  had  two  children,  Kate,  who  married  a  Mr.  Edwards, 
descendant  of  Jonathan  Edwards  of  Massacliusetts,  and  lives 
in  Troy,  Ohio ;  Elmer,  the  son,  lives  on  the  home  place,  making 
the  fourth  King-  of  the  fourth  generation  occupying  this  farm. 
The  latter  is  now  county  commissioner. 

Another  family  identified  with  the  history  of  Howland  was 
that  of  the  Eatliffs.  They  emigrated  from  Pennsj'lvania  in 
1811.  John  married  Elizabeth  Wilson,  of  Irish  extraction.  He 
was  township  clerk  in  1821,  and  served  eighteen  years.  He  was 
justice  of  the  peace  six  years.  He  was  associate  justice  with 
Edward  Spear,  the  father  of  Judge  "William  T.  Si^ear,  and  Asa 
Haines,  the  grandfather  of  Judge  D.  R.  Hilbert.  Hon.  Ben- 
jamin P.  Wade  was  the  presiding  jiidge.  Mr.  Ratliff  was  a  de- 
voted member  of  the  Christian  church  from  181-t  to  1870,  being 
an  overseer.  At  one  time  lie  was  also  a  trustee.  His  daugh- 
ter married  Josiali  Soule  and  his  granddaughter,  Mrs.  Howard 
Weir,  now  lives  in  Warren.    Gen.  R.  W.  Ratliff  was  a  son. 

Mrs.  William  H.  Beebe,  the  granddaughter  of  John  Reeves 
Sr.,  thus  writes  in  the  "^Memorial  to  Pioneer  Women"  in  regard 
to  her  family : 

"Sarah  Quinby,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Aehsa  Park 
Quinby,  came  to  Howland  in  1803,  riding  lier  Xarragansett 
mare  across  the  country  from  Westmoreland  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  her  home  had  been  since  her  marriage  with 
John  Reeves  in  1799.     Their  first  child,  Arthur  Tappan, 


496  IIISTOltY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

bore  a  distinguished  name.  Tlie  cabin  n^jon  tlie  present 
Eeeves  place  had  been  put  up  the  previous  year  on  the  two 
hundred  and  fifty  acres  of  land,  but  one  acre  of  which  was 
cleared  of  the  virgin  forest.  The  linen  chest  was  fitted 
with  wooden  legs  for  a  table,  and  the  furniture  consisted  of 
loom,  wheels,  reels  and  a  dresser  to  contain  pewter  plates. 
With  these  all  in  place  in  one  room,  Mrs.  Beeves  was  well 
supplied.  The  next  spring  two  orchards  of  small  trees  were 
set;,  yet  standing,  one  on  the  present  Kinsman  place  and  the 
other  opposite  the  location  of  the  cabin  where  on  March  10, 
1804,  the  first  white  child  was  born  in  Howland,  and  named 
Samuel  Quinby,  and  rocked  in  a  sugar  trough.  Appren- 
ticed to  learn  carding  and  spinning  his  active  brain  carried 
him  to  New  York  City,  where  in  April,  1845,  he  died,  leav- 
ing a  daughter  Eugenia.  In  1806  the  birth  of  Abner 
Eeeves  was  the  occasion  for  bu^ang  a  cradle,  in  pajnnent  of 
which  a  ten-hundred-thread  linen  shirt  was  made,  the  flax 
■  grown,  spun,  woven  and  the  shirt  made  by  Mrs.  Eeeves. 
Spring  work  prevented  delivery  of  the  desired  article.  So 
she  insisted  upon  her  husband  carrying  the  baby  while  she 
managed  to  convey  the  cradle  home  on  horseback,  a  dis- 
tance of  sixteen  miles  through  the  four-mile  swamp  and 
along  a  bridle  path.  There  was  no  wagon  road  at  that 
time.  The  cradle  yet  rocks  the  babies  in  the  family.  'Tis 
made  of  polished  walnut,  dove-tailed  together,  four  feet 
long  and  fitted  with  a  top.  Mrs.  Eeeves  was  married  when 
she  was  fifteen,  had  twelve  children  and  lived  to  be  ninety- 
four  years  old.  Many  of  her  children  lived  to  old  age  and 
her  home  was  the  home  of  her  son  John.  Most  of  her 
children  and  grandchildren  became  successful  and  useful 
citizens." 

Her  husband  was  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  left  in  such  a 
hurry  that  she  had  to  haul  in  the  oats.  She  hid  her  copper 
kettle  under  a  stack,  "buried  her  spoons  and  waited  two  days  in 
hourly  expectation  of  being  murdered  by  the  Indians." 

John  Eeeves  Jr.  married  Harriet  Mason,  whose  brothers 
Henry  and  Hiram  and  sister  ]\Irs.  Josiah  Bobbins  were  among 
the  most  substantial  citizens  of  Niles.  Mr.  Eeeves  was  iden- 
tified with  the  history  of  Trumbull  County  in  the  '40s,  '50s  and 
'60s,  holding  the  office  of  treasurer,  and  he  died  on  his  seventy- 
ninth  birtlidav.   He  is  buried  in  the  cemetery  across  from  the. 


ITISTOnY  OF  TIU':\[P.rT.L  ( 'OrXTY  40r 

old  Reeves  liome,  wliere  liis  parents  aud  some  of  bis  ehildreu 
lie.  Mrs.  Eeeves  was  a  Avoman  of  education,  refinement  and 
with  a  lovable  nature.  Only  two  children  of  this  large  family 
survive,  Ella,  Mrs.  William  Beehe,  who  probalily  knows  more 
about  the  history  and  the  personnel  of  Trumbull  County  than 
any  other  person,  and  the  youngest  child,  John,  above  referred 
to.  Sarah,  the  third  child,  who  married  James  R.  Lamb,  and 
died  a  year  or  so  ago,  was  one  of  the  loveliest  characters  of  the 
Reeves  and  Mason  families.  Her  mother  called  her  the  "peace- 
maker. ' '  She  was  ever  ready  to  do  her  duty  in  the  home  of  her 
childhood,  of  her  sisters  or  in  her  own.  She  was  a  mother  to  her 
niece,  Mary,  and  withal  had  such  excellent  business  judgment  as 
to  make  a  business  success  of  her  life.  The  grandfather,  John 
Reeves  Sr.,  is  referred  to  in  the  history  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Warren,  as  is  his  daughter,  Xaney.  The  grandson  John  now 
lives  on  the  homestead  farm,  and  be  has  a  son,  John,  who  at  this 
writing  is  a  member  of  the  senior  class  of  the  high  school.  She 
has  great-grandchildren  living  in  Warren  and  Cleveland. 

James  Heaton,  who  with  his  brother  Daniel  manufactured 
the  first  iron  west  of  the  Alleghenies.  chose  Howland  for  his 
home  because  the  residents  of  that  township  were  cultured  and 
companionable.  He  lived  on  the  Voungstown  road  near  Mos- 
quito creek,  and  planned  to  make  a  commercial  center  at  that 
spot.  Later  he  went  to  the  mouth  of  Mosijuito  creek  in  Niles, 
and  his  history,  with  that  of  his  family,  will  be  found  in  the 
Niles  chapter.  He  early  began  to  manufacture,  from  bits  of 
iron,  stoves  and  like  articles.  The  log  schoolhouse  in  Howland^ 
nnlike  most  of  the  other  schoolhouses  of  that  time,  had  a  stove 
of  the  kind  which  was  known  throughout  this  district  as  "the 
Maria  Heaton  stove." 

In  1804  the  father  and  mother  of  Sarah  Reeves,  Samuel  and 
Ascha  Park  Quinliy,  liought  the  farm  now  owned  l)y  Frederick 
Kinsman's  sons.  The  children  in  this  family  were  all  grown 
and  with  them  came  Mrs.  Quinby-(,)uick,  the  mother  of  Ephraim 
and  Samuel  Quinby  and  Mrs.  Reeves.  She  lived  Init  two  years 
and  spent  her  time  between  her  two  sons. 

Samuel  Quinby  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War, 
and  his  wife  enjoyed  a  pension  for  his  services.  He  died  in 
1840,  and  had  a  military  funeral.  The  troops  who  were  going 
to  celebrate  Periw's  victory  assisted  in  the  services. 

The  Ewalt  family  was  another  one  identified  with  the  early 
historv  of  Howland.     In  1803  John  Ewalt  rode  a  fine  English 


498  HISTORY  OF  TEU-AIBULL  COrNTY 

mare  from  New  Jersey  to  "Warreu,  exchanging  it  for  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres  of  land  near  the  edge  of  "Warren.  Mrs. 
Ewalt  came  a  year  later.  They  stayed  in  the  family  of  John 
Beeves  until  their  house  was  finished.  The  Ewalt  family  were 
always  interested  in  the  cultivation  of  crops  and  were  among 
the  few  to  grow  sweet  potatoes. 

Zachariah  Tannehill  Ewalt  lived  at  Howland  Corners  for 
many  years.  He  was  well  up  in  the  eighties  when  he  died,  and 
he  and  his  wife  occupied  a  substantial  place  in  the  commimity. 
Mr.  Ewalt  remembered  historical  events.  No  citizen  was  bet- 
ter known  than  he.  He  was  an  ardent  Bepublican  and  of  social 
nature.  He  served  as  treasurer  of  the  county  for  some  time. 
His  wife  died  a  few  years  before  he  did,  and  their  place,  which 
was  the  center  of  hospitality,  has  just  been  sold.  He  had  four 
children,  the  oldest  John,  a  minister ;  Zachariah,  who  married  a 
Greenwood ;  Olivia,  jNIrs.  E.  H.  Peck,  and  Florence,  Mrs.  Eeid  of 
Chicago. 

.Jacob  Ewalt  lived  in  the  northwest  portion  of  Howland, 
and  like  the  rest  of  his  family  was  old  when  he  died.  His  two 
children,  Grace  Love  and  Jacob  Ewalt,  now  reside  in  Warren, 
and  he  has  great-grandchildren.  His  granddaughter,  (^live 
Love,  married  Glenn  Webster. 

Harris  Ewalt,  who  lived  on  the  home  fai'm,  married  Mar- 
garet True.  He  had  a  number  of  children,  but  only  Henry 
Clay,  of  Pittsburg,  and  Charles,  of  Howland,  now  survive. 
Charles  lives  on  the  home  farm,  his  wife  being  Ida  Hoyt,  of  the 
Warren  Hoyt  family. 

David  Ewalt  was  a  half-brother  of  John.  He  married 
Azuba  Dally  in  1816.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Isaac  Dally  and 
Effie  Lane  Dally,  who  were  among  the  first  settlers  in  Trumbull 
County  and  who  are  referred  to  in  other  parts  of  this  history. 
The  land  which  David  bought  is  now  occupied  by  three  of  his 
grandchildren,  Helen,  Winifred  and  George.  They  were  the 
children  of  Isaac  and  Lorinda  Ewalt.  The  oldest  of  Isaac's 
children,  Harry,  is  a  resident  of  Vienna,  having  married  Lucy 
Baldwin. 

The  Kennedy  family  lived  in  that  part  of  Howland  known 
as  "Over  the  Creek."  Samuel  Kennedy  and  his  wife  came  to 
Howland  in  1814.  They  had  ten  grown  children,  and  the 
youngest  one  was  born  in  August  after  their  arrival.  Mr.  Ken- 
nedy died  three  years  afterwards  and  the  mother  brought  up 
this  whole  brood.     She  suffered  all  kinds  of  privations.     Her 


HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY  499 

cattle  were  sick  and  strayed  away,  rattlesnakes  were  thick,  but 
nevertheless  she  was  optimistic,  taught  her  children  the  shorter 
catechism,  asked  the  blessing  upon  their  daily  food  and  lived  to 
see  all  her  children  settled  within  a  few  miles  around  her. 
They  married  into  the  families  of  Kings,  Battles,  Scott,  Caster- 
line  and  Iddings. 

(leorge  Hunter  and  his  wife,  Mary  Thayer,  the  former  from 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  and  the  latter  from  Poland,  lived 
their  married  life  in  Howland.  They  had  a  goodly  family  of 
children,  most  of  whom  are  living.  George  P.  was  a  lawyer  of 
Warren,  dying  a  few  years  ago.  LaFayette  still  practices 
here;  his  wife  was  Mattie  Sigler.  Cleopatra  married  Mr. 
Troxel  and  now  resides  in  West  Warren ;  Mary  married  Henry 
Christy,  of  Brooktield,  Warren,  and  they  now  live  in  Cleveland; 
Alice  is  Mrs.  ^lurray,  whose  husband  was  for  a  long  time  con- 
nected with  the  Erie  Eailroad. 

Howland  was  organized  as  a  separate  township  in  1812. 

The  first  schoolhouse  was  built  on  the  4th  of  July,  180-1.  It 
was  built  of  logs  and  the  desks  were  made  of  boards  laid  on  pins 
stuck  in  the  tioor.  One  of  the  early  log  schoolhouses  was  in  the 
northwest  section  of  the  township,  and  another  in  the  King- 
neighborhood.  Euth  Alford  was  one  of  the  early  teachers,  and 
John  Ewalt  about  1812  taught  in  the  northwest  district,  wliile 
Montgomery  Anderson  taught  in  the  King  district.  The  school 
districts  were  at  first  small,  but  after  a  while  were  made  larger, 
and  lietter  buildings  were  erected.  ]\[ost  of  the  pupils  in  How- 
land now  attend  the  Warren  schools. 

Tlie  first  marriage  was  in  180.i.  Jack  Legg  and  Connv 
Ward. 

The  first  frame  barn  was  erected  in  1822  by  Barber  King 
and  the  second  in  1826  by  John  Ratlitf. 

The  first  store  was  kept  by  John  Collins  at  the  Corners. 
^Ir.  Cadwalader  liad  the  first  grist  mill  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  i)resent  Cadwalader  Gulch,  and  Sam  Kennedv  the  first  saw- 
mill. 

One  of  the  largest  farms  in  Howland  belongs  to  the  H.  B. 
Perkins  estate.  Here  for  many  years  Austin  Andrews  lived. 
He  later  moved  to  Youngstown,  where  he  became  a  successful 
business  man,  associated  more  or  less  with  his  cousin,  Chancey. 
He  had  several  sons,  among  whom  Upson  became  a  leading  citi- 
zen of  Cleveland.  He  married  Harriet  Warmington  and  died 
recentlv.     It  was  on  the  Perkins  farm  that  Hon.  Thomas  Webb 


500  HISTOliY   OF  Tltl'-MBI'LL  COUXTY 

became  so  injured  in. a  barn  raising  as  to  have  to  be  obliged  to 
liave  his  leg  amputated. 

The  fiag-stone  furnished  by  Rowland  is  among  the  very 
best  used  anywhere.  It  is  hard,  and  withstands  all  sorts  of 
weather  and  wear.  Few  towns  of  the  size  of  Warren  have  so 
many  miles  of  good  flagging,  and  all  of  it  came  from  the  quar- 
ries on  the  Austin,  Kinsman  and  Ewalt  famis.  Mr.  Harmon 
Austin  made  a  goodly  part  of  his  fortune  in  selling  this  stone. 

As  mentioned  elsewhere,  many  of  the  early  services  of  the 
early  Baptist  C'hurch  were  held  in  the  home  of  John  Beeves. 
In  1815  Rev.  Josei)h  Curtis  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of 
Warren  organized  a  church  of  thirteen  members.  Five  years 
later  a  log  building  in  the  nortlieast  part  of  the  township 
served  for  both  church  and  school.  In  1821  a  Methodist  class 
of  ten  members  was  organized  in  this  same  building.  The  Pres- 
byterian organization  was  kept  alive  as  long  as  Mr.  Curtis  was 
in  Warren.  The  Methodist  class  never  became  a  regular 
church. 

The  year  of  the  coming  of  Scott  and  Mitchell  to  Warren 
saw  the  organization  of  a  church  in  Howland.  In  1830  a 
church  edifice  was  built  costing  $3,000,  on  the  road  near  Simeon 
Drake's  farm.  In  1862  the  Christians  erected  a  church  at  the 
center  which  cost  $1,700.  For  many  years  this  was  well  at- 
tended. As  Warren  City  takes  in  part  of  Howland  township, 
the  people  of  the  latter  township  attend  Warren  churches,  and 
are,  and  always  have  lieen,  identified  more  with  the  county  seat 
than  any  other  town. 


CHAPTE R  XLI.— HUBBAED. 

Samuel   Tylee. — William   Burnett. — Other   Early    Families. 

— Asael  Adams'   School. — Iron  and   Coal. — 

Religiolts     Organizations. — 

coalburg. 

Rauge  1,  township  o.  was  sold  by  the  Ooiinectifut  l.aiid 
Company  to  Xehemiah  Hubbard  Jr.  His  ageut  was  Samuel 
Tylee,  who  was  one  of  the  most  iufluential  Masons  in  the  early 
history  of  the  county.  He  used  to  drive  from  Hubbard  to  at- 
tend the  meetings  of  Old  Erie  Lodge  No.  -47.  He  and  his  fam- 
ily reached  the  township  in  1801  and  were  the  first  settlers. 
Their  cabins  stood  a  little  north  of  the  present  corners  of  the 
village.  His  wife  was  Anna  Sanford,  and  they  had  five  chil- 
dren when  they  came  to  the  township,  and  five  were  born  after- 
wards. After  her  death  he  married  Elizabeth  Ayers  and  they 
had  one  child.  He  died  in  1845.  He  was  the  first  justice  of 
the  peace  in  the  township,  and  was  so  careful  in  business  and 
possessed  so  much  integrity  that  not  a  little  of  the  in-os])erity 
of  that  township  in  the  early  days  was  due  to  him.  He  had  a 
brother,  Sylvester,  who  came  a  year  later  and  settled  near  him. 
This  part  of  the  township  was  sometimes  called  Tylee 's 
Corners. 

William  Burnett  came  the  same  year  that  Samuel  Tylee 
did.  He  left  his  home  in  the  fall,  but  reached  Beaver  so  late 
that  he  did  not  come  on  to  Trumbull  County  until  spring.  He 
found  Indians  in  his  neighborhood  and  had  the  usual  struggle 
of  the  pioneer.  Like  Samuel  Tylee,  and  most  of  the  pioneer 
fathers  Mr.  Burnett  had  two  wives.  This  was  such  an  ordinary 
thing  that  we  only  find  ex];)ression  of  surprise  when  there  were 
three  or  four.  In  1813  he  married  Barbara  Huff,  his  second  wife. 
He  had  eleven  children  and  lived  to  be  91  years  old.  His  son, 
Joseph  Burnett,  was  early  engaged  in  the  distillation  of  liquor, 
but  after  a  time  he  went  into  the  lumber  business  and  was  ]iro- 

501 


50?  HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY 

prietor  of  the  property  wliicli  was  later  known  as  Brockway's 
Mills.    It  is  situated  in  Hartford  township. 

Among  the  other  early  settlers  was  Jeremiah  Wolf,  who 
came  from  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  nail-maker  and  made  the 
nails  which  Samuel  Tylee  used  in  erecting  the  early  frame 
houses  in  the  township. 

Jesse  Hall  came  from  New  Jersey,  as  did  John  Ayers  and 
Martin  Shwartzwelter.  In  fact,  so  many  of  the  settlers  who 
came  at  that  time  were  from  New  Jersey  that  a  road  which  ran 
north  from  the  center  was  called  Jersey  street. 

John  Jewell  came  from  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania. 
He  died  in  Hubbard  in  1859,  while  his  wife,  Jane  Miller,  lived 
to  be  92  years  old.  His  son,  A.  M.  Jewell,  married  Rebecca 
Love  and  settled  in  Hubbard.  A.  M.  Jewell  was  an  active  and 
successful  business  man  from  the  beginning,  being  a  farmer, 
a  trader  in  live  stock,  and  in  1870  he  sold  out  and  retiring- 
moved  to  Warren,  where  he  lived  up  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  a  stockholder  in  the  First  National  and  Mahoning 
lianks  in  Youngstown  and  in  the  Trumbull  Bank  in  Warren. 
He  was  also  interested  in  the  banks  in  Hubbard.  His  children 
were  universally  successful.  William  A.  moved  to  Mississippi 
and  died  there. 

Stephen  Dougiiton  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  and  his 
relatives  have  lived  in  that  vicinity  for  these  many  years. 
Doughton  Station  was  named  for  one  of  the  descendants;  a 
daughter,  Mrs.  Marcus  Wallace,  now  resides  in  Youngstown. 

A.  E.  Cramer  was  another  New  Jersey  man  who  came  to 
Hubbard  and  who  had  two  wives.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace 
for  two  terms  and  county  clerk  for  thirty  successive  years.  He 
lived  to  be  77  years  old,  dying  in  1873.  His  sons,  S.  P.  and 
A.  K.,  were  both  justices  of  the  peace,  the  latter  being  mayor 
at  one  time  and  the  former  township  clerk. 

Matthew  Mitchell,  a  native  of  Ireland,  came  to  Ohio  in 
1805.  He  settled  in  Hubbard,  where  he  resided  until  1827,  and 
then  moved  to  Liberty,  living  there  rmtil  he  died  in  1831.  His 
wife  lived  to  be  96  years  old,  dying  in  1874.  Nathaniel  Mitchell 
was  born  in  1805  and  was  probably  brought  into  the  township 
as  an  infant.  He  married  Elizabeth  Murdoch  of  Coitsville.  He 
was  justice  of  the  ])eace  for  36  years  or  more  and  probably 
served  in  that  capacity  longer  than  any  other  Trumbull  County 
man.    He  was  also  township  trustee,  town  clerk  and  treasurer. 

Cornelius  Price  was  born  in  Hubbard  in  1812.    His  father 


HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY  503 

also  was  from  New  Jersey.  He  was  a  fanner,  married  a 
daughter  of  William  Burnett,  Anna,  and  was  long  ideutilied 
with  the  town's  interests. 

Judson  E.  Noble,  who  came  with  his  father  David  to 
Boardmau,  lived  there  until  twenty-five  years  of  age,  when  he 
went  to  Yoi;ngstown  to  work  at  his  trade.  He  was  a  carpenter. 
He  moved  to  Niles,  where  he  resided  until  1870.  He  married 
Mary  Aim  Eobins,  a  daughter  of  Josiah  Robins.  He  was  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  of  his  town,  was  court  crier  for  2-t  years,  and 
constable  several  years  in  Niles. 

Hubbard,  like  other  towns,  had  a  number  of  schoolhouses 
in  the  beginning,  all  made  of  logs.  The  first  was  probably  on 
the  farm  of  John  Gardner  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  town- 
shi]).     Whittlesey  Adams  has  furnished  the  following: 

Memorandum  of  the  country  school  kept  by  Asael 
Adams  in  Hubbard,  TrumlniU  Conntv,  commenced  Nov. 
2,  1804. 

The  following  is  an  account  of  the  number  of  pupils 
sent  by  each  subscrilier  and  amount  paid  by  each  sub- 
scriber : 

No.  Pupils     Amt.  P'd 

Samuel   Tylee    4  $10.52 

Sylvester  Tylee    2  5.11 

Hugh    Dunn    1  3.85 

Timothy   Roberts    2  4.13 

Timothy   Roberts   Jr 1  3.29 

Iddo   Bailey    1  2.55 

James   Frazier     2  7.41 

Samuel   Frazier     2  5.00 

William  Parrish    1  1.44 

Thomas  Kennedy    1  2.55 

Edward  Hanna    2  3.84 

David   Bailey    1  2.55 

William   Smith     1  3.70 

Giles   Clark     2  5.11 

Jehyel   Roberts    1  2.85 

William  Veacli     1  2.55 

William  Randall    1  4.98 

John  Cleaver   1  4.60 

It  is  of  local  interest  to  know  that  direct  descendants 
of  nearly  every  one  of  the  aforesaid  patrons  of  the  Asael 


50i  HISTOHY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUNTY 

Adams  school  are  living  today  in  Hubbard  and  Youugs- 
■    town. 

Asael  Adams  came  from  Canterbury,  Connecticut, 
with  his  father  to  Trumbull  County  in  1800.  He  was  then 
14  years  of  age.  When  18  he  opened  a  private 
school  in  JIu))bar(l,  November  2,  1804.  The  next 
year  he  taught  a  school  in  Cleveland.  Some  of  the 
grandsons  of  the  pioneer  school  teacher  are  Asael  E. 
Adams,  president  of  the  Dollar  Savings  &  Trust  Company 
of  Youngstowu,  Fred  W.  Adams  of  Warren,  George  Dana 
Adams,  president  of  the  Cleveland  Bag  Company,  with 
branches  at  Akron,  Detroit  and  Buffalo ;  Comfort  Avery 
Adams,  professor  of  electrical  engineering,  of  Harvard 
University. 

That  teacher  this  term  of  school  boarded  27  days  at 
John  Cleaver's  and  27  days  at  William  Randall's,  and  27 
days  at  Edward  Hanna's. 

That  Adams,  the  young  teacher,  governed  his  school 
by  kindness  and  gentleness  is  shown  by  the  following  writ- 
ten note  sent  liy  Samuel  Tylee,  the  leading  patron  of  the 
school  and  business  man  of  the  town,  to  tlie  teacher. 

To  Mr.  Asael  Adams, 

Feb.  11,  1805,  33  minutes  after  2  o'clock. 
Sh' — I  have  sent  my  son  Sanford  to  school  and  would  request  you  would 
be  as  tender  to  him  as  the  nature  of  governing  a  school  Tvill  admit. 

If  he  cannot  be  kept  in  school  without  disturbing  it,  be  pleased  to  let 
me   know    and   I    will   withdraw   bim   from   school. 

Fl'om    your   friend   and   humble   servant, 

SAMUEL  TYLEE. 

When  life  was  simpler  jjarents  took  more  personal 
interest  in  the  schools.  They  visited  them.  They  upheld 
the  hands  of  the  teachers  in  various  ways.  They  took  the 
school  into  the  home  life  and  the  child  did  not  find,  as  it 
does  now,  that  its  affairs  are  apart. 

The  district  schoolhouse  of  Ohio  has  served  its  pur- 
pose well.  For  nearly  a  hundred  years  it  has  been  an  in- 
stitution of  the  state.  Three-fourths  of  the  great  men  of 
Ohio  had  their  early  training  at  the  little  one  room  school- 
house  near  their  homes. 

There  they  were  taught  reading,  writing  and  arithme- 
tic. The  long  walk  across  the  fields  to  school  made  them 
hardy,  and  the  birch  rod  inculcated  in  them  the  spirit  to 
achieve  success  and  reach  the  hall  of  fame. 

General  Cyrus  Bussey  was  born  Oct.  5,  1833,  in  Hub- 


IIISTOKY  OF  Ti;r.M15rLL  (orXTY  505 

l);ird,  Truinljull  County,  O.  He  was  a  grandson  of  Samuel 
Tyiee.  (leueral  I'yius  Bussey  made  a  proud  record 
in  the  Civil  war  of  1861-5,  and  was  a  state  senator 
and  also  assistant  secretary  of  the  interior  in  the  cabinet 
of  President  Harrison. 

Hubl)ard  was  une  of  the  last  towns  to  be  organized  in 
Trumbull  County.  It  was  as  late  as  1801  before  the  village 
was  anything  but  a  country  crossroads. 

This  township  had  more  coal  deposit  than  any  other  in  the 
county  and  the  business  which  arose  therefrom  made  it  a 
flourishing  place.  Many  of  the  men  who  are  now  in  business 
in  Youugstowu  began  their  business  life  at  Hubbard.  Iron 
was  manufactured  there.  Andrews  and  Hitchcock  were  two  of 
Youugstown's  men  who  accumulated  projierty  from  Huljbard 
coal  fields,  and  G.  M.  INlcKelvey  of  Youngstown  began  busi- 
ness in  that  place. 

The  bank  at  Hubliard  has  always  had  fine  standing  and 
the  newspapers  have  always  lieen  well  patronized. 

In  1868  plans  were  made  for  establishing  a  free  high 
school.  A  building  .  costing  $10,000  was  finished  in  1870. 
Among  the  early  superintendents  were  S.  Q.  March,  Alexander 
Campbell,  J.  L.  Gillmer  and  1).  A.  Wilson.  The  schools  at  the 
time  the  village  was  incoiporated  became  union  schools. 

Unlike  the  history  of  the  churches  of  most  townships,  the 
Methodist  was  one  of  the  earliest  in  Hultltard.  A  class  was 
formed  by  Rev.  Noah  Fidler  in  1803.  The  members  were  Eev. 
Amos  Smith,  his  wife ;  William  Veaeh,  liis  wife ;  Mr.  Parish,  his 
wife;  Mr.  Frazee,  his  wife;  Amos  Thomas,  Joshua  Snyder,  Wil- 
liam and  Enos  Burnett.  After  a  little  time  another  class  was 
formed.  The  first  was  west  of  the  center.  The  second  was 
east  of  the  center.  Both  were  merged  into  the  Hubbard  church 
and  in  1810  there  were  fifty  members.  In  the  early  '50s  these 
two  churches  dwindled  in  membership  and  a  new  building  was 
erected  at  the  village,  costing  $2200.  Rev.  S.  K.  Paden  was  tlie 
minister  at  that  time,  riding  that  circuit.  The  west  church  be- 
came a  schoolhouse.  The  other  was  for  many  years  used  on 
occasions.  The  Metliodist  church  of  Liberty  at  this  date  has  a 
goodly  membersliip  and  is  in  a  live  condition. 

The  Presbyterian  church  came  soon  after  the  ]\lethodist, 
being  organized  the  next  year.  As  a  rule,  the  Presbyterians 
have  kept  their  records  while  the  Methodists  have  not,  but  in 


oOG  iiistoi;y  of  teumbull  couxty 

tlie  oase  of  Hubbard  the  Presbyterians  have  been  quite  as  remiss 
as  were  the  Methodists.  Rev.  James  Satterfield  was  one  of  the 
early  Presbyterian  preachers  and  for  fifty  years  he  was  an  oc- 
casional i)reaclier  in  the  townshija.  Among  the  early  members 
were  the  families  of  Tylee,  Clingham,  McMoran,  Portei-field, 
Jewell,  Stewart,  Love.  John  Jewell,  Sylvester  Tylee  and  Wil- 
liam Clingham  were  the  first  elders.  Their  first  church  was  a 
log  one  and  stood  near  the  graveyard.  It  was  replaced  by  a 
frame  building  and  in  1857  a  new  house  was  erected. 

There  was  a  few  Baptists  from  the  beginning  in  Hubbard, 
but  they  did  not  grow  and  it  was  not  until  1870  that  they  had 
any  church  building  worth  mentioning.     This  cost  $7,000. 

The  parsonage  which  belongs  to  the  Lutherans  now  was 
once  the  i^roperty  of  the  Baptists  and  was  used  by  them  for 
public  worship.  In  1819,  at  the  house  of  Jesse  Hall,  a  Baptist 
association  was  formed.  Mr.  Hall  was  an  influential  man. 
When  the  Christian  Baptists  began  their  work  and  Scott,  Mit- 
chell and  others  came  to  Warren  the  people  in  Hubbard  became 
interested  in  the  new  doctrine  and  formed  a  Disciple  church. 
Jesse  and  John  Applegate  were  overseers  and  served  in  that 
capacity  for  twenty-five  years.  Mr.  Applegate  was  one  of  the 
earlj^  preachers  and  besides  seiwing  the  church  at  home,  trav- 
eled very  much  abroad.  The  same  men  whose  names  have  been 
mentioned  as  preaching  in  almost  every  township  in  Trumbull 
County  might  be  mentioned  here.  They  were  Scott,  Bosworth, 
Lamphear,  Smith  and  I.  A.  Thayer.  In  1837  a  yearly  meeting- 
was  held  in  Hubbard  which  was  the  largest  assembly  of  the  kind 
ever  held  on  the  Western  Eesen^e.  The  Eev.  Mr.  Campbell 
was  there  and  a  large  number  of  converts  were  made.  The 
church  has  always  been  in  a  prosperous  condition. 

The  Eoman  Catholics  built  a  church  in  1868  costing  $3000. 
Eevs.  E.  0 'Callahan,  Peter  Becker,  John  T.  Schaffield  and  J. 
Klute  are  among  some  of  the  priests  who  have  seiwed  this  par- 
ish. In  1870  a  parish  school  was  organized  and  this  was  en- 
larged in  1880  and  given  over  to  the  sisters.  The  church  is 
called  St.  Patrick's  and  the  congregtaion  is  largely  Irish,  al- 
though there  are  a  few  Germans  and  some  Italians. 

Because  of  the  mines  in  Hubbard  many  of  the  residents 
were  Welsh,  and  in  1865  a  Welsh  church  was  organized.  Five 
years  before  this  forty  people  organized  a  Welsh  Baptist 
church.  They  held  their  meetings  in  the  Protestant  Methodist 
building,  and  in  the  late  '70s  bought  the  building  for  church  pui'- 


IIISTOliY  OF  Ti;U.MBL-J.L  COUNTY  507 

poses.  At  oue  time  the  cougregations  of  this  denomination 
were  very  large. 

St.  John's  olinrc'li,  CJerman  Lntherau,  was  organized  in 
1867.  Meetings  had  ))een  held,  however,  earlier.  A  church  was 
erected  in  1871  costing  about  $3000,  and  at  one  time  a  German 
school  was  held  in  connection  with  the  church. 

C'oalburg  is  a  hamlet  in  Hubbard  township  which  was  a 
lively  place  when  coal  was  plenty.  Here  the  principal  cemetery 
of  the  township  was  located  and  many  of  the  early  residents 
were  Imried  here.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  township  the 
Disciples  had  another  graveyard.  In  Coalburg  the  Methodists, 
Welsh  Baptists  aud  AVelsh  congregations  at  different  times  held 
meetings. 

The  son  of  William  Burnett,  Silas,  was  the  first  white 
child  born  in  Hubliard. 

Jeremiah  Wolf's  daughter  was  the  first  white  female 
child  born  in  the  township  of  Hubbard. 

Samuel  Tylee  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace  and  he 
also  built  the  first  frame  house. 

George  Frazer  built  the  first  brick  liouse  in  the  town- 
ship. 

Dr.  [Nlitcheltree.  of  near  Sharon,  was  the  first  phy- 
sician. 

Sylvester  Tylee  was  the  first  postmaster.  The  first 
distillery  was  also  on  his  farm. 

The  first  carding  mill  was  run  by  William  Elliot. 

The  first  tannery  was  built  by  Jehiel  Roberts. 

Dr.  John  INIitcheltree  was  the  first  merchant.  His  store 
was  partly  in  Pennsylvania  and  partly  in  Ohio,  but  as  he 
lived  in  the  Ohio  end  it  was  right  for  that  state  to  claim 
him.  He  was  a  physician  and  by  combining  his  business 
with  his  profession  he  accumulated  a  good  deal  of  money. 


CHAPTER  XLII.- -JOHNSTON. 

CAPTAIN     Bradley's     Family. — Two     Mechanics. — The     Hixe 
Party. — Schools  axd  Churches. 

Nathan  Moore  surveyed  nvunber  6,  in  the  second  range,  in 
1SU2.  Later  tliis  portion  of  the  county  was  called  "Johnston," 
after  Captain  James  Johnston,  of  Salisbiiiy,  Connecticut,  who 
originally  purchased  the  tract  from  the  Connecticut  Land 
Company.  It  was  not  until  1816  that  the  first  township  election 
was  held.  Before  that  Mecca  and  Bazetta  were  attached  to 
Johnston. 

Johnston  was  one  of  the  earlier  towns  settled,  James  Brad- 
ley and  his  family  arriving  there  in  1802.  They  came  from  the 
town  of  the  proprietor,  Salisbury,  and  were  five  or  six  weeks 
making  the  journey  to  Canfield,  where  they  stopped.  The  fam- 
ily consisted  of  Captain  Bradley,  his  wife,  Asentha,  three  sons, 
Thaddeus,  Moore  Bird  and  Ariel.  They  proceeded  from  Can- 
field  to  Quinby's  (Warren),  and  then  stopjDed  occasionally 
where  there  was  an  oi^ening  or  a  settlement.  They  had  to  cut 
a  way  in  many  places  in  order  to  let  the  wagons  through,  and 
camped  in  unbroken  forests,  finally  settling  west  of  the  center, 
where  they  lived  for  many  years,  although  in  the  last  years  of 
their  lives  they  moved  to  the  western  part  of  the  township. 
Mrs.  Bradley  lived  to  be  eighty  years  old,  dj'ing  in  1832.  When 
they  came  to  the  township  she  was  the  only  woman  for  many 
miles  around,  and  it  was  over  a  year  before  she  saw  a  woman, 
after  coming  into  her  new  home. 

The  oldest  son,  Thaddeus,  spent  part  of  the  time  on  the 
farm,  and  later  was  employed  in  some  nearby  towns,  where  he 
taught  and  sold  goods,  finally  returning  to  Johnston  and  set- 
tling on  the  home  farm,  where  he  died  in  1865.  He  left  about 
six  hundred  acres  of  land,  and  his  oldest  son  lived  upon  the 
home  farm. 

The  second  son  of  Captain  Bradley  bore  the  peculiar  name 

508 


HISTOEY  OF  TRFMBULL  COUNTY  .100 

of  "Moore  Bird,"  the  middle  uame  being  the  family  name  of  his 
mother.  He  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1790.  He  assisted  the 
family  as  soon  as  he  was  old  enough,  in  clearing  away  the  for- 
est, but  early  began  the  study  of  medicine.  His  preceptor  was 
Dr.  Peter  Allen.  Dr.  Bradley  removed  to  Mansfield  where  he 
practiced,  later  settling  in  Pennsylvania.  His  wife  survived 
him.     He  was  the  father  of  eight  children. 

Ariel  Bradley  was  nine  years  old  wlien  his  family  readied 
Johnston.  He  was  a  strong  youth,  was  one  of  the  truest  chop- 
pers in  the  county,  and  felled  the  first  tree,  so  far  as  known,  cut 
by  the  white  settlers.  He  was  not  able  to  stand  such  hard  labor 
and  studied  medicine,  and  was  the  first  physician  to  practice  in 
Johnston  township.  In  1828  lie  married  Laura  Barstow,  who 
lived  to  good  old  age.  They  had  one  daughter,  Reumah.  She 
married  Buell  Pelton,  had  two  daughters,  Emma  A.  and  Reu- 
mah, dj-ing  when  the  latter  was  one  year  old  and  the  former 
three. 

After  the  Bradley  family  came  two  young  men,  ))otli  me- 
chanics. They  were  Jared  Hill  and  James  Skinner.  They  ar- 
rived in  tlie  summer  of  18(14,  built  a  sawmill,  and  went  away 
during  the  winter.  They  married  two  women  in  Canfield,  and 
although  this  was  two  years  after  the  coming  of  Captain  Brad- 
ley, they  had  to  cut  roadways  wide  enough  to  allow  the  wagon 
with  their  goods  to  go  tlirough.  As  these  men  were  handy  with 
tools  (both  were  carpenters  and  one  a  mill-wright  as  well),, 
tlieir  services  were  sought  from  all  directions,  and  their  wives 
were  sometimes  left  alone  in  tliis  almost  Eveless  Eden.  The 
Indians  camped  near  them,  and  they  had  to  summon  all  their 
courage  to  be  able  to  stand  their  life.  In  a  little  time,  however, 
the  men  finished  their  sawmill,  built  a  grist  mill,  and  after  that 
people  brought  work  to  them  and  they  were  at  liome. 

In  1801  Mr.  Jaqua,  with  his  wife  and  five  children,  arrived. 
A  daughter  of  this  family.  Charity,  married  Solomon  Brainard 
and  tliis  was  the  first  wedding  in  the  township.  Mr.  Jaqua  was 
the  first  justice  of  the  peace.  Although  Mr.  Jaqua  and  his 
family  hnbored  hard,  were  more  or  less  successful  and  interested 
in  the  welfare  of  the  community,  they  later  moved  to  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

John  Brainard,  a  son  of  Charity,  was  at  one  time  a  jirofes- 
sor  in  the  Homeopathic  College  in  Cleveland. 

The  name  of  the  first  white  child  born  in  Johnston  is  not 


510  HISTORY  OF  TRl'MBULL  COUXTY 

known,  nor  is  it  certain  whether  it  was  a  boy  or  a  girl.  The 
records  say  a  "child  of  Mr.  AYalker." 

Zebnlon  Walker  settled  in  Johnston  in  1805,  had  several 
children,  and  of  conrse  a  wife,  who,  like  his  children,  seems 
nameless.  He  lived  near  the  Jaqua  family  and  these  groups  of 
children  were  company  for  each  other. 

That  same  year  a  number  of  families  arrived  from  Connec- 
ticut, all  of  whom  had  so  many  children  that  the  wilderness 
seemed  no  longer  such  a  desolate  place.  Daniel  Hine  Jr.  was 
one  of  these.  In  assisting  at  the  raising  of  the  house  of  one  of 
the  other  new-comers  (Mr.  Fuller's),  he  had  his  leg  broken,  and 
although  he  lived  a  long  and  useful  life  in  that  community',  he 
was  the  one  man  of  proper  years  who  did  not  go  to  the  war  of 
1812,  because  of  his  accident.  The  year  after  he  settled  in 
Johnston  his  father,  Daniel  Hine  Sr.,  Morris  Smith,  William 
^IcKee  and  David  Webb  took  wp  their  abode  in  this  township. 
"Father"  Hine  apparently  did  not  care  for  the  pioneer  life, 
for  in  a  few  years  he  took  his  family  to  Cantield.  where  they 
afterwards  resided.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Webb  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
McKee  had  goodly  families  of  children,  and  these  were  added 
to  the  young  people  already  mentioned.  Mr.  Webb's  son  Na- 
than was  a  weaver  of  cloth  by  trade,  and  after  attempting  to 
build  a  dam  of  his  own  he  finally  secured  the  privilege  of  using 
the  water  power  belonging  to  Hill  and  Skinner,  and  was  there- 
fore the  first  man  in  the  township  to  weave  cloth  and  fiMl  it. 

Erastus  Carter  was  with  the  Hine  party  and  he  settled  in  a 
]iart  of  the  township  away  from  the  others.  He  left  his  goods 
in  his  wagon  until  he  had  built  a  house  for  himself.  About  a 
year  after  his  arrival  he  lost,  by  death,  an  infant  child.  So 
far  as  we  know  this  was  the  first  death  among  the  first  settlers, 
and  Daniel  Hine  dug  the  grave  in  which  the  little  one  slept. 
This  was  where  the  present  township  graveyard  is.  Of  conrse 
Mr.  Carter  had  a  wife,  but  we  cannot  find  her  name  or  the  names 
of  his  eliildren. 

Daniel  Abell  came  to  the  township  in  1806.  He  returned  to 
Connecticut  for  a  wife,  and  resided  for  many  years  in  the  town- 
ship on  the  place  which  was  later  owned  by  Mr.  Bennett. 

Most  of  the  early  settlers  of  this  township  were  from  Con- 
necticut, as  we  have  seen,  but  in  1830  a  goodly  number  of  Pro- 
testant Irish  emigrants  came  into  the  northwest  comer  of  the 
township.  Settlers  of  the  same  kind  were  in  the  neighborhood 
of  (rustavus,  Greene  and  Mecca.     Ten  years  later  a  settlement 


HISTORY  OF  TltrMHULL  COUNTY  .jll 

was  made  in  the  southeast  corner.  The  first  Seotehmau  of  the 
township  was  Mr.  Robert  Hamilton.  The  Irish  settlers  organ- 
ized themselves  into  a  Methodist  society  and  had  their  schools, 
while  the  Scotch  were  Presbyterians,  but  they  established 
schools  also. 

In  183.3  Jsaiah  Bartlett  of  Plymouth  county.  .Massachusetts, 
with  his  wife.  Miriam  Mason,  moved  to  .Johnston.  ]\lr.  Bart- 
lett lived  until  1867,  his  wife  dying  three  years  later.  Two  of 
their  sons,  P.  M.  and  Alexander  M.,  were  ministers,  the  latter 
being  a  itrofessor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  Marysville  College.  S. 
F.  lives  at  the  county  seat,  was  sheriff  of  the  county  at  one 
time,  and  lately  was  a  candidate  for  mayor  on  the  Kepublican 
ticket.     His  daughter,  Jennie,  lives  with  him. 

J.  K.  Buehl  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  the  first 
teacher  in  the  town  was  Miss  Elizabeth  Hine,  who  taught  in  the 
northeast  part  of  the  town.  She  afterwards  married  Thaddeus 
Bradley.  Miss  Laura  Barstow  was  another  of  the  early  teach- 
ers, and  taught  in  a  log  schoolhouse  on  the  Center  road.  She 
received  $1.25  a  week  as  wages,  and  took  her  pay  in  whatever 
the  patrons  chose  to  give  her.  She  married  Dr.  Ariel  P)radley. 
and  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  dying  in  1900. 

Cortland  high  school  was  established  by  the  s])ecial  act  of 
the  legislature  and  was  opened  in  1877.  At  that  time,  or  later, 
the  high  school  was  classed  as  second  grade.  The  present  Cen- 
tral building,  costing  $4,000,  was  erected  in  1901.  The  town 
bonded  itself  to  furnish  this,  in  addition.  The  first  superin- 
tendent was  Pi'of.  H.  J.  Crawford.  He  served  three  years,  as 
did  H.  A.  Dielil.  Prof.  Stackhouse  next  served,  and  Professor 
Fawcett  is  now  in  charge.  The  four  rooms  in  this  building  ac- 
commodate fifty  scholars  each  and  four  teachers  assist  the 
superintendent. 

The  church  history  of  Jolmstou  differs  from  that  of  most 
townships  in  that  the  organization  began  among  young  people. 
As  we  have  seen  there  were  a  large  number  of  young  people  in 
the  families  of  the  early  settlers.  Many  of  these  possessed  fine 
voices,  and  it  occurred  to  them  to  get  together  and  have  some 
sort  of  service  in  which  singing  would  predominate,  on  Sun- 
days. Xone  of  them  felt  ecjual,  since  they  were  not  church 
members,  of  leading  in  devotional  exercises,  but  Daniel  Hine 
Jr.  oft'ered  them  his  house  and  on  the  night  of  the  first  meeting 
Dr.  "Wright  of  "\"ernon  ha])pened  to  be  in  the  neighborhood,  and 
led  this  little  congregation  in  prayer.     They  continued  their 


-31-?  ITISTOin'  OF  TRUMBULL  COl  XTY 

meeting's  for  some  time,  but  none  of  them  inclined  toward  lead- 
ership. About  this  time  a  tj'pe  of  fever  appeared  in  the  com- 
numity,  and  a  number  of  the  young  people  were  taken.  Wil- 
liam Adams  died  at  this  time  of  consumption.  For  some  of 
these  funerals  there  was  no  one  to  conduct  service ;  sometimes  a 
settler  would  offer  prayer,  but  many  times  the  dead  bodies  were 
laid  away  tenderly  with  love  and  tears,  but  without  words. 
This  made  a  deep  impression  on  the  community,  and  when  Mr. 
Hamlin,  a  man  of  liberal  mind  and  some  education,  a  Methodist 
l)y  profession,  came  to  the  community  and  learned  of  the  desire 
of  these  young  people,  he  offered  to  meet  with  them  and  lead 
them.  These  meetings  were  so  informal  that  they  became  sort 
of  conferences.  There  was  no  organization,  but  traveling 
preachers  and  missionaries  liked  to  stop  and  help  this  little  con- 
gregation, and  thus  it  grew.  We  find  among  the  names  of  the 
men  who  preached  for  this  body  those  who  helped  to  organize 
churches  in  different  parts  of  Trumbull  County.  There  were 
Mr.  Crosby,  Eev.  Badger,  Mr.  Eobbins,  Mr.  Darrow,  a  Presby- 
terian from  Vienna,  Air.  Sheldon,  Elder  Eigdon,  a  Baptist, 
Simon  Woodiiiff  and  a  Connecticut  missionary,  Mr.  Hanford. 
About  the  year  1812  this  little  class  was  made  into  a  station  and 
Eev.  James  ^McMahon  was  among  the  iirst  riding  the  Mahoning 
circuit,  who  i^reaehed  here.  This  class  was  formed  at  the  house 
of  Mr.  Lily,  and  the  following  men  were  among  those  present : 
Mr.  Hamlin,  Mr.  Spencer,  Mr.  Dickinson.  Their  wives  were 
with  them. 


CHAPTER  XLIII.— KINSMAN. 

JoHx  KixsMAX. — A  Paety  of  Famous  mex. — A  Cheerful,  Ex- 

EBGETIC   "WOMAX. KlXSMAX'   MlLL.^Dk.    AtJ.F.X. A 

Century-old  Church. — Kixsmax  Schools. 

Kinsman,  range  1,  township  7.  is  possibly  the  most  pictur- 
esque township  in  TrambuU  County.  It  is  rolling,  has  several 
streams  running  through  it.  was  once  covered  with  magnificent 
forests  and  had.  withal,  a  portion  of  treeless  land  which  was 
known  as  the  "prairie."  Added  to  these  physical  advantages 
was  the  fact  that  the  first  settlers,  as  well  as  those  who  came 
later,  were  of  unusual  education  and  birth.  In  each  of  the 
counties  on  the  Western  Eeserve  there  is  one  township  aside 
from  the  county  seat  which  considers  itself,  or  is  considered  by 
outsiders,  a  little  more  aristocratic  than  the  others.  Kinsman 
stood  in  this  relation  to  Trumbull  County. 

Uriah  Tracy,  Joseph  Coit  and  John  Kinsman  were  the  three 
men  to  whom  the  land  was  assigned.  Mr.  Joseph  Perkins,  of 
Norwich.  Connecticut,  had  an  interest  in  the  laud  of  this  town- 
ship and  some  others,  but  when  the  final  settlement  was  made 
Mr.  Perkins  took  his  land  in  Summit  county,  Mr.  Kinsman  in 
Kinsman.  Mr.  Kinsman  also  bought  the  interests  of  Coit  and 
Tracy,  the  latter  being  a  United  States  seuator  from  Comiecticut. 
The  township  then  assumed  the  name  of  Kinsman.  Mr.  Kinsman 
and  Simon  Perkins,  in  1799,  left  Connecticut  by  horseback, 
crossed  the  Alleghany  mountains  to  Pittsburg.  Mr.  Perkins 
repaired  to  his  land  in  Warren,  while  Mr.  Kinsman  made  his 
headquarters  at  the  home  of  John  Young,  at  Youngstown. 
After  preliminary  business  was  done  there,  such  as  surve^^ing, 
etc.,  he  proceeded  to  Kinsman,  put  up  a  cabin  near  the  center 
and  finished  the  survey.  It  was  not  until  two  years  later  that 
he  decided  to  transfer  all  his  interests  to  this  township.  In  the 
spring  of  1801  he  started  for  his  new  home. 

Probably  no  more  brilliant  party  of  men  ever  left  the  east 

513 

Vol.  1—33 


oU  HISTOHV  OF  TlJl'MBITLL  COl'XTY 

for  New  Conuectieut  than  the  party  of  which  John  Kinsman  was 
a  member.  Among  these  were  Simon  Perkins,  of  whom  we  have 
read  so  much  in  different  parts  of  the  history;  George  Tod,  one 
of  the  ablest  jurists  and  citizens  Trumbull  County  had;  Josiah 
Pelton,  the  pioneer  of  Gustavus;  Turhand  and  Jared  Kirtland, 
who  were  among  the  most  industrious  and  public-spirited  of  our 
citizens;  John  Stark  Edwards,  Trumbull  County's  first  recorder 
and  an  able  lawyer,  and  Calvin  Pease,  who,  as  judge,  citizen 
and  companion,  had  no  superior.  His  sons,  Calvin  and  Charles, 
afterwards  conducted  a  store  in  Warren  where  the  present 
Colonial  hotel  stands.  This  party  organized  itself  into  a  so- 
ciety. When  they  stopped  for  the  night  they  held  mock  trials, 
and  amused  themselves  in  that  way.  Any  one  familiar 
with  Judge  Calvin  Pease's  career  can  see  his  spirit  pervading 
this  party.  The  party  was  on  horseback,  except  the  Kirtland 
brothers,  who  had  a  wagon  and  horses. 

Ebenezer  Reeve  was  also  of  this  party.  He  had  been  in- 
duced by  Mr.  Kinsman  to  come  out  here,  and  as  he  was  weak- 
kneed  about  the  venture,  Mr.  Kinsman  proposed  that  he  be 
paid  twenty  dollars  a  mouth  during  his  absence,  and  forty  dol- 
lars in  case  he  did  not  like  the  country.  In  case,  however,  he 
did  like  the  country,  he  was  to  exchange  his  land  in  Connecti- 
cut for  land  in  Kinsman. 

Mr.  Kinsman  began  the  construction  of  a  double  log  house 
a  little  east  of  the  present  A'ernon  road,  but  did  not  tinisli  it. 
Instead  he  erected  another  in  the  neighborhood  where  the  busi- 
ness part  of  the  town  now  is,  and  he  and  Mr.  Reeve  returned 
to  Connecticut  in  the  fall  of  1801  leaving  the  work  to  be  finished 
by  John  C'ummings,  John  and  Isaac  Mathews. 

Although  Kinsman  and  Reeve  really  laid  out  the  town  and 
stayed  there  some  little  time,  they  were  not  really  the  first 
settlers.  David  Randall,  Martin  Tidd,  James  Hill,  with  their 
families,  all  of  whom  had  lived  in  Youngstown,  made  arrange- 
ments with  Mr.  Kinsman  in  the  fall  of  1801  for  land  in  this 
township,  and  in  the  spring  of  1802  they  moved  there.  James 
Hill  married  Sally,  the  daughter  of  Martin  Tidd.  Although 
they  all  started  together,  Mr.  Randall's  wagon  broke  down  in 
V'emon  so  the  other  two  families  arrived  ahead  of  him.  Mr. 
Tidd  and  Mr.  Randall  were  originally  from  Pennsylvania,  and 
lived  quite  near  the  settlement  in  W^yoming  at  the  time  of  the 
massacre.  Mr.  Tidd's  house  was  filled  with  the  people  who 
escaped  at  that  time.     He  was  an  uncle  of  Captain  Hillman, 


HISTORY  OF  Ti;r:\iBrLL  corxTV  :.i-i 

who,  as  Ave  have  seen,  was  one  of  the  most  useful  men  in  the 
early  history  of  the  valley.  Both  these  men  were  natural 
pioneers,  and  it  was  hard  for  them  really  to  settle  down.  Ran- 
dall moved  from  Pennsylvania  to  Marietta,  thence  to  Voungs- 
town,  Kinsman,  Ashtabula  county,  Kinsman,  and.  late  in  life, 
resided  in  Michigan. 

Mrs.  Randall  was  a  woman  of  great  strength  and  courage. 
She  used  to  tend  the  sawmill  during  her  husband's  absence. 
She  said:  "It  was  nothing  to  set  the  saw,  but  was  rather  hard 
to  tread  back  the  carriage  with  her  feet."  She  was  energetic, 
"genial,  jolly,  shrewd,"  and  was  able  to  meet  almost  anything 
which  arose.  When  she  tended  mill  she  had  her  spinning  wheel 
near  her,  so  when  the  logs  were  being  sawed,  that  is,  when  she 
was  doing  her  husband's  work,  she  was  spinning  wool  for  his 
clothes,  that  is,  doing  her  work.  Thus  did  women  in  early 
Ti'umbnll  County  so  many  times  do  double  duty.  If  Mr.  Ran- 
dall, for  any  reason,  had  been  left  to  watch  Mrs.  Randall's 
work,  it  would  never  have  occurred  to  him  or  anybody  else  that 
he  should  bring  his  own  business  into  her  kitchen,  and  keep 
both  going.  Historians  record  that  Mrs.  Randall  continued  ti> 
cheer  and  encourage  people  to  the  end  of  her  life. 

Mr.  Reeve  liked  Kinsman,  and  fulfilled  his  agreement  by 
disposing  of  his  Connecticut  laud  and  removing  to  the  town- 
ship. In  180:!  he  brought  his  daughters,  Deborah  and  Hannah, 
to  a  new  log  house,  where  they  lived  five  years.  These  were 
the  first  eastern  women  to  dwell  in  Kinsman.  It  is  said  that 
when  Hannah  saw  her  new  home  she  said:  "I  have  heard 
about  going  to  the  ends  of  the  world,  but  I  think  we  have  got- 
ten there." 

The  former,  Deborah,  married  PInnil)  Sutliff.  In  ISOli 
Hannah  married  John  Andrews,  a  native  of  East  Haddam. 
They  had  eight  children.  He  was  a  merchant.  He  was  among 
the  first  to  manufacture  pot-  and  pearl-ash  in  northern  ()hi(i 
Hannah  Andrews  took  great  interest  in  her  husl)and's  busi- 
ness, and  besides  assisting  him,  attended  to  her  duties  as  wife 
and  mother,  and  kept  a  little  boarding  school.  It  is  a  tradition 
that  she  braided  the  first  straw  hat  that  Joshua  R.  Giddings 
wore,  and  that  his  father  paid  for  it  in  wooden  liowls.  Her 
son,  Claudius  Buchanan,  was  a  missionary  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  and  died  there  in  1876. 

In  1802  Paul  Rice  and  his  mother  came  to  the  township, 
as  did  also  Alexander  Clark  and  Uriel  Driggs.    In  1803  Charles 


516  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

Case,  the  father  of  Zopher  Case,  aud  the  grandfather  of 
C.  C.  Case,  came  to  Kinsman.  Charles  Case  Sr.  was  fnll  of 
music,  as  is  his  grandson,  and  as  a  pastime  instructed  the 
settlers  in  singing,  note-reading,  etc. 

Isaac  and  John  Mathews,  with  their  sister  Betsey,  also 
came  in  1803,  and  lived  on  the  farm  afterwards  occupied  by 
Thomas  Kinsman. 

In  1804  Mr.  John  Kinsman  brought  his  family.  He  had 
four  children,  John,  Joseph,  Sally  and  Olive.  His  wife  was 
thirty-one  years  younger  than  he.  Unless  it  was  the  family 
of  Samuel  Huntington,  no  family  in  Trumbull  County  came 
to  the  western  home  in  so  much  comfort  and  elegance.  There 
was  a  two-horse  wagon  for  the  family,  two  four-horse  wagons 
for  the  goods  and  supplies,  an  ox-cart  aud  riding  horses.  At 
Beaver,  Gen.  Simon  Perkins,  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Kinsman,  with 
his  bride,  joined  the  party,  and  they  traveled  together  to 
Youngstown.  Cabins  had  been  erected  for  this  party,  and  a 
frame  house  was  put  up  the  next  season.  There  had  been  some 
sickness  before  their  arrival  and  several  of  the  party  had  the 
fever  and  ague.  Thomas  Kinsman,  the  father  of  Senator 
Thomas  Kinsman,  of  the  township,  was  born  late  in  the  sum- 
mer of  their  arrival. 

Plumb  Sutliff  moved  to  Kinsman  in  1806.  He  erected  the 
second  frame  house  in  the  towuship,  and  until  a  few  years  ago 
it  was  standing. 

In  the  year  18.35  there  were  thirty  families  in  the  town- 
ship. James  Hill  and  "Walter  Davis  were  shoemakers.  Ean- 
dall,  Christy  and  Tidd  were  blacksmiths.  The  latter  also  made 
cow  bells  which  were  very  necessary  in  the  new  coimtry.  David 
and  Elam  Lindsley,  Joseph  Murray,  John  L.  Cook  and  Jahazel 
Lathrop  were  the  caii:)enters.  They  were  none  of  them  mar- 
ried. While  the  Lindsley  brothers  were  clearing  land,  David 
had  his  thigh  fractured  by  a  falling  limb.  It  was  so  badly 
mashed  that  it  would  not  heal.  It  was  amputated  "with  a 
common  hand  saw  and  Mr.  Kinsman's  carving  knife." 

In  1805  there  was  a  great  deal  of  sickness,  and  the  people 
of  "\^ernon  attriliuted  the  same  to  the  back-water  caused  by  the 
mill  dam  which  was  across  the  Pymatuniug.  Finally  the  resi- 
dents of  Hartford  and  Vernon  sent  General  Smith,  Rev. 
Thomas  Bobbins,  aud  others  to  Kinsman,  to  beg  of  Mr.  Kins- 
man to  cut  his  dam  and  let  the  water  out.  ]\Ir.  Kinsman  re- 
ceived them  most  graciouslv,  took  them  home  to  dinner,  served 


HlSTOIJY  OF  TRU:\rBrLL  COUNTY  01? 

them  Avith  brandy  till  they  became  mellow  of  feeling.  He  then 
explained  to  them  that  he  had  a  lot  on  hand  at  the  mill,  that 
he  would  be  disappointing  many  if  he  destroyed  the  water 
power,  and  further  that  if  the  water  went  out  at  that  time  of 
year,  the  sickness  would  be  greater.  He  promised  in  tlie  spring 
to  cut  the  dam  and  let  the  spring  rains  flush  the  creek.  The 
deputation  returned  home  satisfied,  but  not  so  the  residents. 
They  accused  the  men  of  getting  drunk  on  ]\lr.  Kinsman's 
brandy,  and  they  threatened  to  cut  the  dam.  Finally  one  night, 
a  hole  was  made  which  was  soon  remedied.  Certain  ]>eople  in 
Vernon  were  suspected  and  when,  one  day,  Cyrus  W.  Marsh 
of  that  town  was  seen  standing  on  the  bank  of  the  creek  ^Ir. 
Kinsman  mounted  his  horse,  forded  the  stream,  and  asked 
]ilarsli  to  ride  double  with  him  to  his  store.  AVhen  satisfied  that 
Marsh  was  guilty,  ]Mr.  Kinsman  closed  the  door,  and  gave  him 
a  sound  drubbing.  Knowing  this  was  not  right,  that  is,  that 
he  had  exposed  himself  to  punishment  under  the  law,  he 
stepped  liehind  the  counter  and  in'oposed  to  pay  for  lireaking 
the  law.  He  and  Marsh  decided  that  three  dollars  worth  of 
goods  from  the  store  would  be  about  the  right  lu'ice  and  so  it 
was  done.  Tlie  Vernon  j^eople  were  outraged  tliat  [Marsh 
should  settle  at  so  low  a  price.  After  that  there  was  a  break 
in  the  dam  which  was  remedied,  and  in  1806  the  water  was 
drawn  off  and  J.  A.  Biissell  is  authority  for  the  statement  that 
a  case  of  fever  and  ague  has  never  since  originated  in  that 
town.  Kinsman  has  continued  to  grow  and  in  1806  a  saw  mill 
was  erected  by  the  Gillises  on  Sti-atton  creek.  Here  too  a  shop 
for  fulling  and  dressing  cloth  was  built  and  it  was  said  to  be  the 
first  fulling  establishment  in  the  eastern  ])art  of  the  state.  In 
1818  the  first  carding  machine  was  set  up  in  (Jillises'  mill. 

It  is  hard  for  us  to  realize  at  this  day  how  much  work  had 
to  be  done  by  the  early  manufacturers  themselves.  William 
Henry,  who  was  a  tanner,  had  to  collect  shells  and  burn  them 
to  make  the  lime  which  he  used  in  tanning  his  hides. 

Seth  Perkins  came  to  Kinsman  in  1804  and  in  the  fall 
married  LiK-y  Thompson  of  Hartford.  He  moved  first  to  \'er- 
non  and  came  back  to  Kinsman  in  1809.  His  wife,  who  was 
only  eighteen  years  old,  was  left  alone  in  their  forest  home 
while  he  went  to  the  war  of  1812. 

Dr.  Peter  Allen,  who  came  to  Kinsman  in  1808,  was  one 
of  the  first  doctors  of  that  community.  He  had  a  wonderful 
constitution,  and  could  work  day  and  night  for  a  long  period 


518  lIISTOin'  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

with  very  little  rest.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio  Medical 
Association,  surgeon  during  the  war  of  1812  and  was  repre- 
sentative in  the  Ohio  legislature  during  the  Harrison  cam- 
])aign.  He  married  Charity  Dudley  of  Connecticut,  who  was 
killed  in  a  runaway  accident.  The  following  year  Dr.  Allen 
married  Miss  Starr,  a  niece  of  Mrs.  Kinsman  and  General 
Perkins.     She  died  of  consumption  in  1846. 

Dr.  Peter  Allen  had  one  child  hx  the  first  wife,  whose 
Christian  name  was  Dudley  for  his  mother.  He  was  born  in 
1814.  His  first  office  was  in  his  father's  yard.  In  1821  lie  built 
a  most  beautiful  home  which  called  forth  the  admiration  of  his 
friends  and  neighliors.  He  moved  to  Oberlin  and  his  son,  Dud- 
ley P.  Allen,  is  now  one  of  the  leading  surgeons  of  Cleveland. 

When  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  McConuell  came  to  Kinsman 
in  1804.  and  went  to  the  house  which  Mr.  McCounell  had  put 
up,  tlie  mother  and  children  sat  on  a  log  outside,  while  Mr. 
McConnell  cut  an  opening  for  a  door.  They  also  had  to  cook 
outside  until  a  chimney  was  built. 

John  Brackin,  although  of  Scotch  descent,  early  lived  in 
Ireland,  having  married  Jane  King,  a  widow  with  two  sons. 
After  her  marriage  with  Brackin,  she  also  had  two  sons.  This 
family  left  Ireland  about  1803,  and  settled  in  Washington 
county,  Pennsylvania.  David  King  remained  in  Ireland  to  at- 
tend school.  The  family  moved  to  Kinsman  in  1804.  In  1805 
David  started  for  America,  his  step-father  meeting  him  and 
bringing  him  to  Kinsman. 

Jedediah  Burnham  had  almost  reached  his  majority  when 
,he  came  to  Kinsman.  He  was  pre-eminently  a  peacemaker  and 
whenever  there  was  difficulty  among  the  settlers  he  was  an  able 
counselor.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Jedediah  Burnham  of  Con- 
necticut. He  came  to  Kinsman  because  Mr.  John  Kinsman 
urged  him  so  hard  to  do  so.  He  taught  echool,  clerked  in  Mr. 
Kinsman's  store,  and  went  into  the  war  of  1812.  He  returned 
as  captain.  He  married  So])hie  Bidwell,  a  daughter  of  Eiver- 
ius  Bidwell  of  Gustavus.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  for 
twenty-one  years.  He  was  county  collector  when  he  had  to 
go  from  farm  to  farm  collecting  taxes.  He  was  also  at  one 
time  county  assessor.  He  was  deacon  in  the  churches  of 'Ver- 
non, Hartford  and  Kinsman,  and  lived  a  long  and  useful  life, 
dying  in  1874. 

Simon  Fobes  came  to  Kinsman  in  1817.  His  family  con- 
sisted of  his  wife,  a  sister    and  his  three    youngest  children. 


(Loaned  by  the  Chronicle.) 

KINSMAN    CHURCH. 


HISTOKY   OF  TRL'Ml'.l'LL  COL'XTV  519 

"He  was  a  man  of  uncommon  resolution  and  decision,  energy 
and  perseverance.  At  the  same  time,  lie  had  great  kindness  of 
heart,  and  was  ever  ready  to  assist  the  needy  and  help  the 
wronged  and  injured." 

Tlie  Presbyterian  church  of  Kinsman  has  heen  dwelt 
upon  in  the  chapters  on  Hartford  and  ^"ernon.  It  was  organ- 
ized in  1803.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Tait  and  the  ever-present  Rev. 
Jose])h  Badger  did  the  organizing,  and  it  was  formed  on  "the 
plan  of  union."  From  the  time  of  tlie  beginning  of  this  church 
there  has  hardly  been  a  Sunday  when  services  have  not  been 
held.  Among  the  Kinsman  people  who  belonged  to  this  church 
were  Jeremiah  and  Ebenezer  Reeve,  William  and  John 
Matthews,  Alexander  Clark,  John  Andrews,  Rachel,  George 
and  Nancy  Matthews,  Elizabeth  Dement,  William  Scott,  Isaac 
and  Prudence  Matthews,  Clark  Giddings,  Jacob  and  Electa 
Ford.  In  1813  there  were  eighty  members  on  the  roll  of  the 
Hartford- Vernon-Kinsman  church.  Then  it  was  that  Rev. 
Harvey  Coe,  of  whom  we  have  read  so  often,  who  had  been  or- 
dained to  the  missionary  field  the  year  before,  came  to  Ohio. 
He  was  the  pastor  of  this  church,  and  a  subscription  jjaper 
showing  the  amounts  given  by  the  Vernon  peojile  to  the  sup- 
port of  Mr.  Coe  is  still  in  existence.  The  pastorate  of  Mr.  Coe 
continued  sixteen  years.  He  preached  in  rotation  in  the  three 
townships.  More  than  400  jDersons  were  baptized  by  him.  In 
1821  there  were  210  church  members.  In  1823  44  of  these  were 
dismissed  in  order  to  form  a  separate  church  at  Hartford. 
Two  years  later  21  were  dismissed,  in  order  to  form  a  separate 
church  in  Gustavus.  In  1831  a  separate  church  was  formed 
for  Kinsman,  leaving  about  75  for  Vernon.  Mr.  Coe  married 
107  couples.  He  kept  an  account  of  all  the  deaths  in  that  region 
and  this  is  a  very  valuable  record  because  accidental  deaths 
and  those  from  intemperance  are  among  them.  More  people 
were  dismissed  from  the  church  for  intemperance  than  for  any 
other  one  thing.  For  this  reason,  a  temperance  society  was 
organized.  In  1828  a  Sabbath  school  was  formed  in  Kinsman 
by  a.  committee,  and  George  Swift,  a  brother  of  INIrs.  Dr.  Har 
mon,  was  probably  the  first  superintendent.  The  first  frame 
church  erected  in  Kinsman  belonged  to  this  denomination,  and 
it  stood  for  many  years  in  the  grove  wliere  the  state  road 
crosses  the  Gustavus  road.  It  was  torn  down  by  Dr.  Allen. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Coe,  as  is  stated  elsewhere,  was  one  of  the  found- 
ers   of    Western    Reserve    College.      The    Presbyterians    who 


.300  HISTOliY  OF  THUMBULL  COUNTY 

had  formed  the  Kiusmau  ohurch,  after  the  services  of  Mr.  Coe, 
had  the  name  of  the  church  changed  to  the  First  United  Con- 
gregational and  Presbyterian.  Jedediah  Burnham  was  stand- 
ing clerk  and  Abraham  Griswold  treasurer.  This  church  con- 
sisted of  71  members.  In  1831  and  1832  preparations  were 
made  for  the  building  of  a  new  church  and  a  fourth  of  the  ex- 
penses were  paid  by  Mrs.  Rebecca  Kinsman.  She  later  gave 
a  bell.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Mellvain  served  the  church  as  minister, 
and  he  was  followed  by  Mr.  Eldred.  At  the  time  of  his  or- 
dination and  installation,  President  Pierce  of  Western  Reserve 
College  delivered  the  address.  Mr.  Eldred  was  in  charge  of 
this  congregation  for  nearly  thirty-five  years.  The  church 
always  has  had  a  fine  standing  and  great  influence  in  the  com- 
munity, and  maintains  its  position  to  the  present  time. 

Among  the  early  settlers  of  Kinsman  were  Scotch  Presby- 
terians. In  18-t3  they  organized  an  association  which  continued 
for  some  time.  Their  meetings  were  sometimes  held  in  school- 
houses,  dwellings  and  the  town  house.  This  church  was 
finally  disorganized. 

Kinsman  was  one  of  the  few  townships  where  the  Episcopal 
church  flourished.  It  was  known  as  Grace  church.  It  was  or- 
ganized in  1863.  The  members  of  the  vestiy  were  John  R. 
Stanhope,  Isaac  Meacham,  Lorenzo  Moore,  Albert  Yeomans  and 
Charles  R.  Stanhope.  Captain  Stanhope  was  very  devoted  to 
this  church  and  erected  a  building  for  it.  He  later  gave  a  par- 
sonage which,  together  with  five  acres  of  land,  he  gave  to  the 
church  so  long  as  the  organization  kept  up  and  the  taxes  were 
paid.  Jacob  H.  Baldwin,  whose  daughter  married  the  son  of 
Capt.  Stanhope,  was  long  identified  with  this  church.  The  con- 
gregation is  small,  and  only  occasional  services  are  held  there. 

The  first  marriage  in  Kinsman  was  that  of  Robt.  Henry  and 
Betsy  Tidd. 

The  first  death  that  of  John  Tidd  in  1804.  His  also 
was  the  first  interment  in  the  cemetery.  The  first  girl  to 
die  was  Sallie  Kinsman,  daughter  of  .John  and  Rebecca. 

The  first  two-story  house  was  erected  by  Ebenezer 
Reed. 

The  first  eliildren  l»orn  were  twins,  Sally  and  Phoebe 
Randall. 

The  first  distillerv  was  erected  in  1804. 


HISTOKY  OF  TliUiJKLLL  COiXTY  5-?l 

Josiah  Yeomaus  made  the  first  broom-ooru  lu'ooms  in 
the  county. 

In  the  winter  of  1805  and  '06  a  night  school  for  boys  was 
taught  liy  Leonard  Blaclvburn.  The  next  year  he  liad  a  school 
in  the  Xeal  cabin.  The  first  selioolhouse,  a  log  one  of  course, 
stood  on  Strattou  creek.  It  had  the  log  benches  and  the  usual 
desks.  Jedediah  Burnham  was  the  first  teacher  in  this  building, 
and  he  taught  also  in  the  following  year.  Like  all  the  early 
teachers,  he  took  his  pay  in  produce  and  boarded  round.  Ben- 
jamin Allen  taught  part  of  the  winter  of  1807  and  1808.  Dr. 
Peter  Allen  finished  out  his  term.  Joseph  and  John  Kinsman 
were  among  the  early  teachers.  Ezra  Buell  and  Josiah  Yeo- 
mans  taught  between  the  years  1810  and  1816.  Eunice  Allen, 
afterwards  Mrs.  ^Meacham,  taught  the  first  summer  school  in 
1807.  Lucy  Andrews  (Mrs.  Jones)  of  Hartford,  Miss  Bushnell 
(Mrs.  Beecher  of  Shalersville)  were  among  those  who  taught 
in  that  building  during  late  years.  The  second  log  schoolhouse 
was  erected  in  the  north  part  of  the  township  and  the  third  one 
stood  near  the  stone  house  built  by  Seymour  Potter.  Dr.  Dud- 
ley Allen,  the  son  of  Peter,  attended  this  school.  There  was 
also  a  schoolhouse  near  the  Pennsylvania  line.  In  1820  the  town 
was  divided  into  districts,  and  a  subscription  resulted  in  the 
building  of  a  frame  schoolhouse.  Daniel  Lathrop  taught  this 
school.  It  was  a  very  good  building  for  the  time.  This  build- 
ing was  afterwards  removed  onto  the  Meadville  Road,  where 
it  was  conducted  under  the  name  of  the  village  schoolhouse. 
Here  Darius  Caldwell,  whom  all  residents  of  Trumbull  County 
of  that  day  knew,  and  who  was  for  a  long  time  .judge  in  Cleve- 
land, taught  for  some  time.  When  the  schoolhouse  of  1853  was 
built  it  stood  near  L.  C.  Perkins'  old  home.  In  1822  a  log 
schoolhouse  was  built ;  in  1825  the  second  frame  building,  and  in 
1828  one  which  stood  near  David  Brackin's  lioiise.  Two  were 
built  in  1834.  Kinsman  did  not  lead  in  establishing  higher 
schools,  although  they  came  to  realize  their  importance  early. 
Mr.  John  Kinsman  gave  land  for  an  academy  which  was  erected 
in  1842.  Squire  Andrews  gave  the  timber  and,  as  money  was 
very  scare  at  that  time,  other  contributions  were  made.  The 
first  tmstees  were  John  Christy.  Albert  Allen  and  Dr.  Dudley 
Allen.  A  long  list  of  capable  men  and  women  were  the  teachers 
in  this  academy.  ^Irs.  Johnson  perhaps  taught  longest  and  was 
most   respected    and   best   known.     ^Many   of  her   pupils   went 


T)-?-?  lIlSTOnV  OF  TltrMnULL  COT'XTY 

directly  from  tliat  aeadeiuy  to  colleges  and  seminaries  and  did 
good  work  in  those  institntions.  Because  the  people  of  Kins- 
man were  as  a  rule  well  to  do,  and  because  they  valued  schools, 
they  considered  it  their  duty  to  educate  their  children.  And 
probably  no  township  has  more  people  of  higher  education,  un- 
less West  Farmington  be  the  exception.  Of  course  Warren  is 
so  large  a  town  that  it  is  not  included  in  the  comparison. 

At  the  present  time  Kinsman  has  no  district  schools.  The 
two  public  schools  maintained  in  the  township  are  known  as  the 
Kinsman  Special  and  the  Kinsman  Centralized.  The  former 
has  been  in  existence  for  a  number  of  years,  and  the  latter  was 
established  in  1901  and  has  been  highly  successful.  The  board 
of  the  Special  school  is:  President,  H.  G.  Griswold;  clerk, 
Stephen  Emery;  treasurer,  J.  P.  Karr,  and  Walker  Jewell  and 
James  McClyster.  The  Centralized  board  members  are :  Presi- 
dent, George  Allen;  clerk,  Lauren  Cristy,  and  Jay  Thompson 
and  Claude  Mayborn.  The  Special  school  enrolls  105  pupils, 
and  the  Central  145.  .].  M.  May  is  superintendent  of  the  Spec- 
ial and  D.  C.  Hadsell  superintendent  of  the  Centralized  school, 
each  having  four  teachers  under  him. 

Among  the  substantial  families  of  Kinsman  was  that  of 
James  McConnell  King.  His  lirother  Joseph  was  at  one  time 
jjastor  of  the  First  Christian  Church  in  Warren.  The  family 
traces  its  ancestry  back  to  John  Knox,  the  great  Scottish  re- 
former. James  McConnell  King  married  two  cousins — Harriet 
Christy,  who  had  three  children — Frank,  Clara,  Isabelle  E.  and 
Mary  Ellen.  The  first  lives  in  Kinsman;  the  second  married 
Henry  A.  Delin  and  died  in  1906 ;  while  the  third,  Mrs.  Joseph 
L.  Cox,  resides  in  Sacramento.  The  second  wife  was  Lucy 
Christy.  Their  children  were  George  E.  King,  now  of  Kinsman; 
Robert  A.  King,  now  professor  of  German  at  Wabash  college, 
Crawfordsville,  Indiana,  and  Mrs.  Sadee  K.  Izant,  of  Warren. 
Prof.  King  married  Kate,  daughter  of  ?Ion.  A.  W.  Jones;  and 
Sadee  became  Mrs.  Robert  Izant. 


CHAPTER  XL IV.— LIBERTY. 

First  Settlers. — Gikakd,  Churchill  and  Sodom. — The  Promi- 
nent Families  of  Town  and  Country. — German- 
American  Residents. — Schools. — First 
Church  Organization. — Liberty 
Churches. 

The  records  of  Liberty  township  are  more  imperfect  than 
of  many  others.  .Inst  who  bnilt  the  first  cabin  and  settled  there- 
in is  not  positively  known.  His  name  was  Swager,  bnt  whether 
it  was  Jacob  or  his  cousin  Henry,  is  not  known.  Henry  Swager 
probably  was  there  as  early  as  1798.  He  lived  west  of  Church- 
ill, but  did  not  stay  very  long,  selling  his  place  to  Jacob  Boyd. 
He  then  moved  into  the  southeast  imrt  of  the  townshij)  and  died 
when  he  was  ninety-seven.  It  is  said  that  James  Mathews  came 
in  1798,  and  resided  in  Lilierty  until  1825,  when  he  moved  to 
Warren.  He  was  a  distiller  and  kept  a  tavern.  John  StuU 
came  in  1798,  and  his  father  the  year  after.  The  latter  did  not 
settle  there  until  181)0.  John  Ramsey  came  the  year  that  Val- 
entine Stull  did.  He  was  a  Virginian.  .John  Ramsey  was  one 
of  the  first,  and  George  Campl)ell,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  had 
lived  in  Pennsylvania,  was  there  in  1801.  He  lived  nearly  tifty 
years  in  the  same  place.  .lohn  and  Abram  Nelson,  two  other 
Virginians,  Samuel  Dennison  and  Xeal  McMullin  were  early 
found  here.  Robert  "Walker  was  there  about  1808  and  his  son, 
Robert  H.  Walker,  who  was  later  well  known  in  Youngstown, 
kept  a  store  at  Churchill  in  1833. 

There  were  three  hamlets  in  the  beginning  in  this  township 
— Girard,  Churchill  and  Sodonu  Churchill  was  at  one  time 
([uite  an  important  ])lacc.  Con!  was  discovered  there,  and  many 
industries  grew  up  from  that.  With  the  exhaustion  of  the  coal 
supply  the  town  declined. 

Girard  has  grown  constantly  and  is  now  almost  a  sul)urb  of 
Youngstown.     It  promises  to  be  a  place  of  good  size  since  the 


o-n  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

Mahoning  Valley  is  growing  towards  the  west.  It  will  not  be 
very  long  before  Warren  will  be  connected  with  Youngstown, 
and  the  lines  hardly  marked.  Girard  will  be  a  factor  in  build- 
ing np  this  valley  population.  The  slack  water  of  the  Mahoning 
river  at  this  point  affords  good  boating,  and  the  railroad  facili- 
ties, the  Erie,  B.  &  0.  and  Pennsylvania,  all  running  through, 
are  good.  In  fact,  Girard  was  laid  out  because  of  the  water  ad- 
vantages. 

William  Eichards,  a  very  successful  iron-worker,  lived  in 
Girard,  building  the  place  which  Evan  Morris  afterwards  owned 
and  where  his  heirs  now  live.  He  later  moved  to  Warren, 
where  lie  owned  and  operated  the  furnace  and  where  the  panic 
ruined  him  financially.  He  had  a  large  family  of  children. 
The  only  one  now  residing  in  Trumlmll  County  is  his  daughter 
Frank,  who  married  Jules  Vautrot,  the  son  of  Jules  Vautrot 
Sr.,  who  was  a  successful  jeweler  in  Warren  in  the  '60s  and  '70s. 

Abner  Osborne,  who  was  born  in  Youngstown,  came  to 
Girard  in  1841.  He  was  engaged  with  Josiah  Bobbins  and 
Jesse  Baldwin  in  the  grist  mill.  His  wife  was  Abigail  Allison, 
a  sister  of  Mrs.  William  McKiuley  Sr.  Margaret  married  Mr. 
ytambaugh  of  "^'oungstown,  and  their  daughter  Anna  married 
a  grandson  of  David  Tod.  Aimer  Osborne's  sons,  Frank  and 
Wallace,  are  among  the  leading  business  men  of  Cleveland.  A 
son  of  Abner,  William,  was  a  lawyer  in  Youngstown  and  in  Bos- 
ton. Wlien  his  cousin,  William  McKiuley,  was  made  president 
lie  was  appointed  consul  g-eneral  to  London,  and  died  a  little 
time  thereafter. 

Peter  Kline  was  the  most  extensive  landholder  in  Liberty 
township.  The  family  came  fi-om  Pennsylvania  and  settled 
first  near  Youngstown.  His  father  died  in  1816.  One  of  his 
))i-others.  Solomon,  lived  in  Cortland;  Jonathan,  the  oldest 
))i-other,  in  Caniield.  He  was  a  stockraiser  and  it  was  in  this 
Imsiness  that  he  made  his  money.  At  one  time  he  had  over 
seven  hundred  acres  of  land.  He  married  Esther  Brown,  and 
had  four  children.  In  1877  he  married  Elizabeth  Woodbridge 
Tayler,  the  daughter  of  Elliott  Woodbridge  of  Yoimgstown,  a 
great-granddaughter  of  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  the  widow  of 
George  Tayler,  who  was  the  cashier  of  the  old  Western  Re- 
serve Bank.  Mrs.  Tayler  by  her  first  marriage  had  a  large 
family  of  children,  only  one  of  whom,  Lucy,  the  wife  of  Will- 
iam C.  Andrews,  whose  father  was  A.  E.  Andrews  of  Warren, 
survives.     She  is  in  appearance  and  nature  largely  like  her 


IllSTolJY  OF  TIJU-MBFLL  COUXTY  525 

iiiother.  In  addition  to  the  success  Mr.  Kline  made  with  his 
cattle-raising,  coal  was  found  on  his  farm,  and  liis  ]jroperty 
greatly  increased.  He  was  a  successful  man,  but  rather  dicta- 
torial in  his  later  years. 

Mr.  William  Rayen  belonged  to  a  well  known  family  of  old 
Trumlmll  County.  His  father  lived  in  Girard  until  1833,  when 
he  moved  to  Champion.  He  died  there  in  185l!.  He  married 
Sallie  Porter,  and  his  daughter  Florence  was  for  many  years 
teacher  in  the  Eayen  School  in  Youugstown  and  is  now  ^Irs.  J. 
H.  McEwen.  William  Rayen  moved  to  Girard  in  1853  and 
married  Lucy  Hosier,  for  whose  family  the  portion  of  the  town 
known  as  "Hosier"  was  named. 

Hany  of  the  substantial  citizens  were  of  German  extrac- 
tion.    Of  tliese,  Louis  and  David  Hauser  were  well  known. 

Isaac  Hartzell  was  also  born  in  Germany  but  did  not  come 
to  America  until  18()7.  For  many  years  he  did  business  in 
Girard  and  is  now  located  in  Youngstown. 

C.  D.  Goodrich  was  the  son  of  Roswell  Goodrich,  who  pur- 
chased the  Holliday  mills  in  Liberty  township.  ]\Ir.  (Goodrich 
the  elder,  spent  his  last  days  in  Vienna.  The  son,  C.  D.,  was 
a  man  of  unusual  ability.  He  had  one  of  the  best  libraries  in 
the  town.  His  sous  inherited  his  talent  and  like  the  father  had 
more  than  ordinary  tastes.  Frank  E.,  who  is  now  connected 
with  the  Southern  Railroad  in  Washington,  had  he  turned  his 
attention  to  either  drawing  or  writing,  would  have  made  a 
name  for  himself.  Will  and  S.  E.  have  the  same  talent.  The 
daughters,  Hrs.  t)vens  and  ^Mrs.  Jones  of  Denver,  are  capable 
women.  C.  D.  Goodrich  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  ten 
years  and  after  an  interval  has  lately  been  re-elected.  He  is 
an  active  and  interested  member  of  the  order  of  Free  ^Masons, 
Odd  Fellows  and  Kniglits  of  Pythias. 

Frederick  Krehl  was  born  in  Germany  in  1840,  came  to 
America  in  1853,  and  after  living  at  Ganiield  and  Poland  moved 
to  Girard,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  tannery 
business.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being  Mrs. 
Sanzenbacher,  and  the  other  Mary  Krehl.  He  has  three  chil- 
dren by  first  marriage  and  seven  by  the  second.  Louis  Hauser 
was  long  engaged  in  business  with  him  and  his  extensive  tan- 
nery was  burned  a  few  years  ago,  since  which  time  his  son  has 
carried  on  the  business. 

George  Lotze  was  also  born  in  Germany  and  in  1855  was  a 
blacksmith  in  Vienna.    Two  years  later  he  came  to  Girard  and 


526  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

engaged  in  the  jewelry  busiuess.  He  married  Catherine  Keck 
and  they  had  seven  children.  Louis  L.  Lotze  was  one  of  the 
most  promising  men  of  the  valley.  If  he  had  not  died  early,  he 
certainly  would  have  made  his  mark  in  the  community.  As 
a  young  man  he  was  township  clerk.  He  was  postmaster  under 
Cleveland.  He  was  filled  with  civic  pride,  and  communicated 
the  same  to  his  companions.  His  brother,  Ed  H.  Lotze,  is 
now  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the  village. 

Among  the  very  earliest  settlers  was  Ambrose  Eckmau. 
He  lived  near  the  river  and  was  on  the  ground  so  early  that  the 
Indians  were  there  also.  He  had  a  son  Ambrose  who  married 
Alice  Wilson,  the  daughter  of  William  Wilson,  mentioned  else- 
where. Mrs.  Ambrose  Eckman  Sr.  was  a  clever  woman  and 
her  sister,  Betty  Coy,  was  the  milliner  of  the  town.  The 
women  of  Girard  remember  Betty  and  how  she  used  to  say  to 
them  when  the  hats  did  not  properly  fit,  "0,  you  are  just  like 
me,  head  so  big."  In  her  day  it  was  thought  strange  for  a 
woman  not  to  marry  and  she  was  sometimes  twitted  about  it. 
She  would  reply,  "Those  I  have  wanted  I  couldn't  get;  those 
I  could  get  the  devil  wouldn't  have." 

William  Wilson  came  to  Girard  in  the  very  early  days. 
His  children  were  W.  W.,  George  C,  who  married  Theresa 
Hauser,  and  two  daughters  now  ^L's.  Eckman  and  Mrs. 
Anderson. 

Henry  Barnhisel  had  one  of  the  most  beautiful  houses  in 
the  township  of  Liberty.  It  stood  south  of  the  Lutheran  church 
and  always  commanded  the  attention  of  travelers  on  the  state 
road.  He  had  a  large  family  of  children  who  were  prominent 
in  the  social  life  of  Trumbull  County  and  who  married  into  the 
old  families  of  that  time.  Ann  married  Mr.  Calvin  Harmon,  a 
son  of  Heman  Harmon  of  Warren.  Her  daughter  Clara  is  now 
Mrs.  Will  Smith  of  Youngstowu.  Frank  married  Will,  the  son 
of  Governor  Tod ;  Sue  a  Mr.  Bunts,  whose  son  is  the  well  known 
physician  in  Cleveland  and  whose  granddaughters  married  ]\[r. 
John  Stambaugh  of  Youngstowu  and  Mr.  Hugh  Wick.  Lucy 
married  Peter  Rush  and  for  many  years  lived  in  Warren. 
Mary  married  ^Milton  Powers  and  several  of  the  Powers  family 
have  inter-married  with  the  Krehls.  The  sons  were  Peter, 
John  and  Abe. 

Grover  Marshall  married  his  wife  Margaret  when  she  was 
fifteen  years  old.  They  were  among  the  early  settlers.  She 
went  to  school  in  the  log  schoolhouses  which  had  the  greased 


iiisToin'  OF  Ti;T':\[P.rLL  cot'xtv  5-2: 

Ijaper  windows.  They  owned  a  l)eantit'ul  place  ap  on  the  hrow 
of  the  hill  towards  Niles  where  the  \'ineland  Farm  now  is. 
They  were  grand  folks  for  those  times.  Their  house  had  a 
l»all  room  and  was  a  social  center.  They  liad  a  large  family 
of  children.  Henry  married  M'ary  Frack,  a  niece  of  Evan 
Morris.  Will  married  Sophia  Walters,  Mrs.  Shock's  daugh- 
ter. Stan's  wife  was  a  southern  girl.  (Irover  married  Rachel 
Wise.  \'irginia  married  Ed  Crandon,  and  Grace.  Jt)hn 
Sampson.  Mrs.  Marshall,  although  a  great-grandmother,  is  a 
young-looking  woman  and  interested  in  the  affairs  of  the  day. 
As  a  middle-aged  woman  she  encouraged  girls  to  do  for  them- 
selves in  business,  to  get  educations,  and  to  make  the  most  of 
their  lives  possible.  She  used  to  say  that  she  herself  had  not 
half  a  chance  in  her  youth,  llei'  daughter,  Mrs.  Crandon,  with 
whom  she  makes  her  home,  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  citi- 
zens of  the  town.  Long  left  a  widow,  she  has  been  the  fatlier 
as  well  as  the  mothei-  of  the  family.  Wherever  she 
is  placed,  in  home  or  church,  she  has  been  equal  to  tlie  demands 
made  upon  her.  Mrs.  Crandon's  daughter,  Mrs.  Cauffield,  has 
been  most  of  her  life  a  member  of  this  household.  Her  hus- 
band being  engaged  in  such  business  as  to  take  liim  away  from 
home.  Her  two  cliildren,  AVilliam  McKinley  and  Elizabeth, 
have  lived  with  her,  so  that  four  generations  liave  lived  in  peace 
and  happiness  under  one  roof.  At  present  Mrs.  Cauffield  and 
her  family  live  in  Cleveland.  Mr.  Ed  Crandon's  father,  that 
is,  the  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Cauffield,  was  one  of  the  very  earli 
est  settlers  in  Girard.  He  owned  a  tannery  and  Mr.  Krehl 
bought  it,  and  that  was  the  start  of  the  business  which  Mr. 
Krelil  and  his  sons  have  so  long  carried  on.  "VAHien  Mrs.  Cauf- 
field was  a  candidate  for  the  board  of  education,  people  inter- 
ested in  her  canvass  wanted  her  incture  which  could  be  used  in 
the  paper.  This  she  stubbornly  refused  to  do.  Finally  Mr. 
Krehl  waited  upon  her  and  after  using  all  kinds  of  argiunents, 
brought  about  the  wished  for  result  1iy  referring  to  tlie  great 
friendship  existing  between  him  and  her  grandfather  Ci'andon 
in  the  long  ago. 

Among  the  very  earliest  of  tlie  settlers  was  Peter  Carlton. 
His  daughter  Mary  married  John  Allison.  John  Allison  was 
a  brother  of  I\rrs.  William  McKinley  Sr.  Their  son  Will  mar- 
ried Maggie  Bixler.  Another  member  of  this  Carlton  family 
married  Martha   Rudolph,   a   cousin  of   Mrs.   Garfield.     So   in 


:.-i8  HISTUKY  OF  TEUMBULL  C0L3TY 

the  little  town  of  Girard,  two  families  are  conuected  by  mar- 
riage with  two  presidential  families. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  elderly  people  now  living  in 
Girard  is  Mrs.  Charles  Schoenfeld.  Many  people  in  that  town 
call  her  Aunt  because  of  the  relation  she  sustained  to  the  fam- 
ily. She  was  a  mid- wife  and  hundreds  of  children  were  brought 
into  this  world  under  her  attendance.  So  much  was  the  idea 
of  babies  connected  with  her  that  when  the  children  of  a  family 
wanted  a  brother  or  a  sister  they  always  threatened  to  go  to 
Aimt  and  get  one.  She  is  eighty-eight  years  old,  keeps  house 
by  herself,  and  says  she  thinks  it  is  so  funny  that  it  tires  her 
nowadays  to  put  down  carpets. 

Mrs.  Sophia  Walters,  who  had  children  of  her  own  when  she 
married  Mr.  Shuck,  was  one  of  the  women  in  the  early  days  of 
Girard  who  made  a  place  for  herself.  She  and  her  husband 
kept  a  store,  but  it  was  she  who  looked  after  the  business  and 
cared  largely  for  the  detailed  work.  She  made  a  success  of  this 
business  when  it  was  hard  for  women  to  make  a  success  in  like 
l^laces  and  few  are  the  people  of  the  older  families  residing  in 
Girard  today  who  do  not  remember  her  and  respect  her.  One 
daughter  married  Henry  Smith  and  another  Will  Marshall. 

Mr.  John  G.  Bixler,  a  well  educated  Gennan,  when  he  saw 
liis  little  family  growing  up  around  him  decided  to  come  to 
America  in  order  that  they  might  be  reared  in  a  republic.  He 
was  a  man  of  a  good  deal  of  strength  intellectually,  but  of. 
course  was  imbued  with  German  ideas.  He  married  Eebecca 
Kopp  and  she  was  undoubtedly  the  best  educated  woman  in 
Liberty  if  not  in  the  greater  vicinity.  As  she  lived  out  her  life 
and  added  to  her  knowledge  her  husband  used  to  think  that  she 
knew  too  much  for  a  woman  and  reproved  her  therefor.  She, 
however,  did  not  mind  that.  She  was  a  woman  of  progi'essive 
ideas  and  in  that  long-ago  time  when  her  friends  believed  in  a 
literal  Hell,  she  declared  that  Hell  was  simply  where  God  was 
not.  Her  oldest  daughter,  Mary,  married  David  Hauser,  and 
had  six  children.  Mrs.  Hauser  is  a  woman  of  unusual  strength 
of  character.  She  was  the  mother  to  her  parents  in  their  old 
age,  to  her  sisters  in  their  youth  and  devoted  herself  to  her 
children.  Until  a  few  years  ago  this  family  was  unbroken. 
David  Hauser  was  born  in  Germany  and  when  a  young  man  was 
fond  of  pranks  and  jokes,  and  it  is  told  of  him  that  he  was  the 
best  waltzer  among  his  set.  He  was  one  of  the  most  industri- 
ous men  that  lived  in  Girard.     He  was  a  butcher  bv  trade  and 


HISTOEY  OF  Ti;r.A[J!rLT.  I'orXTV  5-?0 

iu  summer  arose  at  one  o'clock,  butchered  his  cattle  and  had  the 
meat  iu  Youngstown  before  breakfast.  In  those  days  there  was 
little  ice,  no  coolers  and  fresh  meat  was  in  demand.  In  the  lat- 
ter days  of  his  life,  suffering  from  au  incurable  disease,  it  was 
not  so  hard  for  him  to  bear  the  pain  as  it  was  to  cease  work. 
He  was  lame  the  last  years  of  his  life.  In  chasing-  a  steer  or,  as 
the  Germans  put  it,  "a  piece  of  cattle,"  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Squaw  creek,  north  of  the  state  road,  the  animal  jumped  over 
an  embankment  and  Mr.  Hauser  in  his  anxiety  to  reach  it  went 
over  too.     He  injured  his  hip,  from  which  he  never  recovered. 

The  members  of  the  Hauser  family  were  particularly  de- 
voted to  each  other.  The  oldest  son  George,  who  died  a  year  and 
a  half  ago,  left  a  widow  and  a  son,  David.  E.  L.  Hauser,  the 
second  son,  who  was  in  business  with  his  father  and  brother, 
now  has  charge  of  his  own  and  the  family  business  and  is  one 
of  the  leading  men  in  Girard.  Although  of  the  minority  party. 
Democratic,  he  has  been  village  clerk,  and  has  been  appointed 
to  a  number  of  positions  of  trust.  Minnie  C.  is  book-keeper  and 
stenographer,  having  in  the  beginning  taught  school.  She  is  a 
capable  business  woman.  Georgena  married  Clyde  McKinney. 
the  son  of  Dr.  John  McKinney,  of  Mineral  Eidge.  Mrs.  Dr. 
McKinney  was  a  Tibbetts  and  that  family  were  descendants  of 
Moses  Cleaveland's  brother,  whose  remains  were  interred  in  the 
Girard  cemetery,  a  stone  marking  the  resting  place. 

Elizabeth  J.  Hauser,  the  youngest  of  the  daughters,  is  one 
of  the  leading  advocates  of  the  woman  suffrage  movement  in 
Ohio,  and  of  late  has  had  chai'ge  of  the  national  headcpaarters  of 
this  association  in  Warren.  She  has  also  been  chairaian  of  the 
National  Press  Committee  and  occupied  several  important  posi- 
tions in  the  association.  Few  women  have  given  as  much 
thought  and  time  to  the  question  of  woman  sutfrage  as  has  she. 
And  few  women  have  had  this  industry  coupled  with  ability. 
Charles  D.  Hauser,  the  youngest  of  the  family,  is  one  of  the 
leading  doctors  in  Yoimgstown.  Graduating  in  Buffalo,  he 
supplemented  his  education  in  Europe  and  has  devoted  his  time 
as  energetically  to  his  work  as  his  father  did  before  him. 

Mrs.  David  Hauser  had  brothers  and  sisters.  Elizabeth 
married  Charles  Hunt,  the  second  son  of  Simeon  Hunt  of  War- 
ren. She  was  a  woman  of  strong-  character  and  some  facts  in 
regard  to  her  life  are  given  in  the  chapter  on  the  Episcopal 
church  of  "Warren.  Maggie,  the  youngest,  married  AVilliam  Al- 
lison, referred  to  elsewhere,  and  now  living  iu  West  Xewton. 


530  HISTOKY  OF  TIIUilBULL  COrXTY 

Louis  Hauser,  the  older  brother  of  David,  and  his  wife 
Louisa,  spent  most  of  their  married  life  in  Girard.  He  was 
identified  with  the  ])usiuess  interests  of  that  town  and  was  well 
known  throughout  the  valley.  He  had  a  peculiar  sensitiveness 
about  being  indebted  to  others,  and  when  it  came  time  to  cele- 
brate his  golden  wedding,  instead  of  allowing  other  peo]>le  to 
give  presents  to  him  he  presented  each  of  his  children  with  a 
goodly  sum  of  gold.  His  oldest  daughter,  Mrs.  Keifer,  lives  in 
Youugstown.  Sophia,  Mrs.  Dr.  McCartney,  who  is,  lately  de- 
ceased, lived  in  Girard.  Theresa,  Mrs.  George  Wilson,  lives  in 
Girard.  Louise,  Mrs.  Charlie  Sidells,  who  is  an  invalid,  resides 
in  Warren. 

Among  the  older  settlers  of  Girard  was  James  McCartney. 
His  son  John  was  a  physician  and  mention  of  him  is  made  in 
the  chapter  on  doctors.  Another  son  was  Andrew,  and  his  son 
James,  who  graduated  at  the  Western  Reserve  Medical  Univer- 
sity, went  as  a  medical  missionary  to  Chung  King,  China.  His 
work  was  done  for  the  Methodist  church.  His  first  wife,  Keziah 
Thomas,  had  two  children  in  China  and  died  there.  His  second 
wife  was  a  Canadian  and  he  resides  in  her  country  now. 

The  first  schoolhouse  built  in  Girard  was  of  logs  with 
thatched  roof  and  parchment  windows.  It  was  built  about  1800. 
It  was  situated  on  the  right  side  of  the  road,  leading  from 
Youugstown  to  Warren,  on  land  owned  by  Peter  Carlton.  The 
Morris  Coal  Company's  office  is  now  on  that  same  site,  and 
Evan  Morris'  estate  now  own  the  land.  The  directors  of  this 
school  Avere  J.  Adams,  Augustus  Adams,  Samuel  Evei-itt  and 
Peter  Carlton.  The  school  district  was  then  five  miles  sciuare, 
but  in  1836  it  was  divided.  Seats  in  this  schoolhouse  consisted 
of  i3lanks  with  four  holes  bored  in  them,  with  sticks  for  legs. 

In  1836  a  schoolhouse  was  built  in  Girard  on  what  is  now 
Market  street,  at  the  public  square.  When  the  new  street  was 
opened  in  1864  it  was  moved  from  that  point.  A  little  later  a 
schoolhouse  built  in  Mosier  was  struck  by  lightning  and  Imrned. 
Later  a  building  on  High  street  was  used  as  a  high  school.  This 
is  now  used  by  Allen  Patterson  as  a  carpenter  shop. 

At  the  time  the  schoolhouse  was  built  in. Mosier  there  was 
one  built  in  Weathersfield,  which  was  in  this  school  district.  It 
was  later  burned,  and  all  the  books  were  destroyed  which 
worked  hardship  to  the  children  of  that  neighborhood.  There 
was  no  bridge  in  that  neighborhood,  and  a  good  deal  of  the 


niS'l'OKV   OF  'riJI'MHULL  COrXTV  o'M 

time  it  was  dangerous  to  foul  tlie  river.  The  sclioolliouse  was 
finally  replaced. 

Governor  Tod  gave  some  land  to  the  village  of  Girard, 
wliieh  was  known  as  ".Jefferson  Square."  In  1861  a  brick 
selioolhouse  was  built  on  this,  wliioli  cost  about  $5,000.  A  thou- 
sand dollars  was  paid  by  Liberty  township  and  the  rest  was 
raised  liy  po]inlar  subserijition.  The  brick  work  was  done  by 
Watson  dc  Bevey  and  the  carpenter  work  by  Mathews,  Hall  iS: 
Patterson.  John  McGlothery  and  Thomas  Gessop  were  putting- 
sheeting  on  the  belfry,  and  in  taking  down  the  scaffolding  it 
collapsed  and  the  men  fell  on  the  debris  on  the  roof.  Mc- 
Glothery was  not  much  hurt,  but  Gessop  was  hurt  about  the 
back,  and  they  put  him  in  a  big  chair,  and  with  block  and  tackle 
and  a  gin-pole  used  to  hoist  material  to  the  top,  let  him  to  the 
ground.  Mr.  Caldwell,  spoken  of  in  the  early  part  of  this  his- 
toi'y,  was  first  teacher  in  that  school.  He  is  now  common  i)leas 
judge  in  Cleveland.  The  building  is  now  used  for  public  pur- 
poses. Here  are  the  village  offices,  the  council  chamber, 
mayor's  office,  solicitor's  office  and  town  hall.  Edward  Kees 
was  the  architect  of  this  building,  and  he  was  secured  through 
the  efforts  of  Governor  Tod.  Among  the  prominent  men  at 
that  time  were  Abner  Kush,  Aimer  Osborne,  Mart  Heuston  and 
William  Richards. 

In  1876  a  frame  selioolhouse,  at  the  corner  of  Market  and 
Ashland  streets,  was  built  on  land  jmrchased  from  Abner  Os- 
borne. William  P]llis  was  architect;  Hawn  Brothers,  liuilders. 
and  it  cost  $],S(I().  At  that  time  A.  W.  Kennedy  was  superin- 
tendent, while  the  directors  were  C.  A.  Johnson,  S.  H.  Wilson, 
T.  W.  Case.  Evan  :\rorris,  IT.  X.  IXnialdson,  Allen  Byers.  Edgar 
Crandon. 

In  1887  a  brick  building  located  on  State  and  Elm  streets, 
on  land  purchased  from  Abner  Osborne  for  $1,000,  was  built. 
Ousley  and  Boucherle  were  the  architects.  Seventeen  thousand 
dollars  worth  of  bonds  were  issued.  This  covered  also  a  small 
selioolhouse  erected  in  ]\Iosier.  The  last  of  these  bonds  were 
]3aid  in  1900.  The  contractors  were  L.  L.  Beck,  C.  Mauser  and 
James  Squires.  The  board  of  education  consisted  of  W.  F. 
Allison,  president;  W.  J.  Wallis,  W.  W.  Wilson,  C.  D.  Goodrich; 
J.  A.  Jones,  treasurer;  Allen  Patterson,  clerk.  A.  W.  Kennedy 
was  superintendent.  The  house  in  the  beginning  had  three 
rooms,  a  recitation  room  and  a  superintendent's  office.  In  1905. 
at  the  cost  of  $13,000,  four  rooms  were  added.     The  ])lans  for 


.53-3  HISTORY  OF  THUMP.ULL  COUXTY 

this  addition  were  drawn  by  J.  ^Marcus  Miller,  "William  Marion 
and  Heller  Brothers  Co.  being  the  contractors.  The  one-room 
building  erected  at  Mosier  in  1887  was  erected  on  a  site  pur- 
chased from  the  Tod  estate  for  $225,  the  building  costing  $800. 

In  1905-06  the  last  brick  school  building  was  erected  on  land 
purchased  from  E.  L.  Hauser  for  $2,800.  It  is  an  eight-room 
building  with  an  auditorium  and  cost  $46,000.  J.  Marcus  Miller 
was  the  architect,  Louis  Andavasio  &  Co.  and  Heller  Brothers, 
contractors.  Directors  at  the  time  the  bonds  were  issued  for 
this  building  were  W.  J.  Zellar,  W.  J.  Wallis,  T.  E.  Mateer, 
James  Welch  and  Isaac  Vaughn.  Later  Welch  and  Vaughn  re- 
signed, and  E.  D.  Crimi  and  W.  R.  Deemer  were  appointed  to  fill 
their  unexpired  terms.     B.  J).  Hirst  is  the  superintendent. 

In  1907  Blanche  Caufield,  the  wife  of  George  Cai;field,  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  board  of  education.  This  was  the  first 
time  a  woman  had  served  upon  the  board.  In  1908  she  moved 
to  Cleveland  and  her  place  on  the  board  has  never  been  filled. 

Teachers  of  Girard  Public  Schools,  1909. 

North  Avenue:  Charles  Brooks,  Grace  Krehl,  Anna  Har- 
ris, Pliyrne  Gilmore,  Marie  Elliot,  Grace  Planton,  May  Oriel. 

Wilson  Avenue:  Mary  Marshall,  Marian  Ovens,  Eva 
Waggoner,  Anna  Morrison,  Emma  Green. 

Abbey  Street :     Zora  L.  Spear,  Mary  Williams. 

Mosier:     Myrtle  Williams. 

High  School:  W.  Eay  Wheelock,  principal;  Elizabeth 
Walhs,  W.  G.  Alexander. 

Members  of  the  Board  of  Education:  W.  J.  Wallis,  presi- 
dent; D.  R.  Williams,  M.  D.,  W.  J.  Zeller,  E.  D.  Cnnu;  W.  E. 
Deemer,  clerk;  James  G.  Lewis,  treasurer. 

As  we  have  seen  in  other  chapters,  there  were  missionaries 
on  the  field,  preaching  to  little  groups  of  people,  and  it  is 
doubtful  whether  the  dates  given  for  the  first  meetings  are 
early  enough.  The  Rev.  James  Duncan,  who  was  pastor  of  the 
associated  congregations  oi  Mahoning,  Little  Beaver  and 
Brush  Run,  was  at  Churchill  as  early  as  1803,  and  preached  to 
the  people  of  the  country  round  about.  Among  these  listeners 
was  William  McKinley  Sr.  The  Presliyterian  organization  in 
Liberty  was  one  of  the  oldest  on  the  Reserve.  In  previous 
chapters  we  have  recorded  the  two  or  three  of  this  denomina- 
tion.   The  first  elders  of  this  church  were  William  Stewart  and 


IIISTOKY   OF  TIRMBULL  COL'XTY  5oo 

James  Davidson.  Tiiere  were  pretty  uearly  lifty  members. 
They  chose  a  lot  iu  Liberty  offered  by  James  Apj^legate,  whicli 
laud  was  iu  his  family  for  loug  afterwards.  The  site  was  a 
beautiful  oue,  but  for  some  uukuown  reasou  the  original  iu- 
teution  was  not  carried  out  but  land  offered  by  Alexander  Mc- 
Cleery  was  accepted  and  the  Presbyterian  church  has  stood  in 
that  spot  ever  since.  In  1858  this  association  became  "The 
United  Presbyterian  Congregation  of  Liberty."  The  next  year 
about  eighteen  members  took  letters  to  the  Youngstowu  con- 
gregation which  was  then  formed.  These  Presbyterians  held 
their  first  services  in  a  tent,  and  this  is  the  only  record  we  have 
of  a  church  holding  services  that  way.  They  almost  always 
went  into  a  dwelling,  a  barn  or  a  schoolhouse.  This  tent  was 
moved  from  one  spot  in  the  neighborhood  to  another  as  it  was 
necessary  to  clear  oft'  the  land  round  about.  After  a  time  it 
rested  on  the  original  spot,  so  that  here  where  the  first  com- 
munion was  had,  the  church  tent  was  superseded  hy  a  log  house 
and  afterwards  by  a  better  building.  When  they  did  build  the 
log  church  they  did  not  like  it  very  well,  preferring  the  tent 
and  the  dwelling.  Sometimes,  however,  they  held  services 
there,  but  the  logs  on  which  they  had  to  sit  were  hard  and  the 
air  was  close  and  altogether  it  was  unattractive.  In  1811  the 
second  house  was  erected  but  before  it  was  finished  men  were 
called  into  service  and  it  was  some  time  before  it  was  com- 
pleted. It,  too,  was  made  of  very  large  hewn  logs.  This  build- 
ing was  enlarged  and  improved  in  1825,  and  in  1836  was  torn 
down  and  another  oue  erected  which  was  remodeled  in  1869. 
Mr.  Duncan  continued  to  be  pastor  for  many  years.  It  seems 
he  was  liberal  in  his  beliefs  for  that  time  and  after  awhile  some 
members  of  his  congregation  "told  on  him"  and  he  was  brought 
before  the  proper  authorities  and  tried.  He  did  not  believe  to 
the  fullest  extent  the  doctrine  of  atonement,  intercession,  etc. 
He  acknowledged  his  guilt  and  was  forgiven  and  went  back  to 
his  congregation.  Here  the  author  digresses.  She  wishes  to 
ask  a  question  which  she  hopes  someone  will  answer.  Why  is 
it  that  men  collectively,  or  rather  men  in  organized  bodies, 
modify  the  views  they  hold  outside  of  organized  bodies?  The 
author  has  known  ministers  who  believed  in  church  union  to  go 
into  the  general  synod  and  vote  against  it.  She  has  known 
Episcopal  priests  who  cared  little  for  apostolic  succession  and 
admitted  the  same  to  friends  in  the  congregation,  who  voted 
against    another  priest   who    had    said   that   it   mattered   not 


534  HISTORY  OF  TP.r.MBT'LL  COUXTY 

wliether  priests  received  their  authority  direct  from  the 
apostles  or  not.  Men  wlio  believe  in  reform  measures, — actu- 
ally believe  in  them, —  as  soon  as  they  are  inside  of  the  legisla- 
tive doors  vote  against  them.  Either  the  devil  lurks  in  bodies 
of  men  or  some  dominant  mind  controls  them.  AVhy  is  it 
though,  if  it  is  the  latter,  that  it  is  a  conservative  mind!  The 
liberal,  a  man  who  has  thought  out  cpiestions  carefully,  doesn't 
seem  to  accomplish  this. 

But  to  return  to  Liberty  township.  "When  the  Bev.  Mr. 
Duncan  returned  to  his  people,  that  is,  when  he  got  into  normal 
condition,  he  said  that  he  did  not  acknowledge  his  error  before 
the  synod  except  in  one  particular.  Although  there  were  no 
telegraphs  nor  telephones  nor  automobiles,  little  postal  service, 
this  news  soon  spread  to  the  authorities  and  he  was  suspended 
from  his  church  and  the  corumunion.  He  was  then  "down" 
and  like  all  men  that  were  down,  great  tales  were  told  about 
him.  Some  said  he  was  careless  in  money  atfairs,  that  he  did 
not  provide  for  his  family  and,  worst  of  all,  he  chewed  tobacco ; 
he  chewed  it  every  day,  he  chewed  it  on  Sunday.  "When  he 
waxed  warm,  he  chewed  it  in  the  pulpit.  Once  at  least  he  left 
his  sermon  and  went,  into  the  congregation  soliciting  a  piece 
from  one  of  his  church  officers.  He  is  the  second  minister  so 
far  as  we  know  in  old  Trumbull  County  who  was  exjielled  from 
the  Presbyterian  church  where  the  filthy  weed  entered  in. 
After  this  gentleman  of  tine  physical  proportions,  strong  mind, 
instructive  and  social  companions,  laid  down  his  clerical  robes, 
no  regular  pastor  had  the  congregation  for  five  years;  then 
the  Rev.  Robert  Douglass  was  installed.  He  served  three 
years,  dying  in  1820.  He  was  so  beloved  by  the  congregation 
that  they  erected  a  tombstone  to  his  memory,  and  he  now  sleeps 
in  the  Poland  cemetery.  For  twenty-six  years  Rev.  David 
(loodwillie  was  pastor  of  the  Liberty  and  Poland  congrega- 
tions. In  1859  he  ceased  to  preach  in  Poland  and  lived  the  rest 
of  his  life  in  Liberty.  He  says  that  during  his  pastoral  charge 
he  received  into  the  church  721  persons,  dispensed  communion 
olS  times,  baptized  .36  adults,  solemnized  229  marriages  and 
Ijreached  at  least  5,000  sermons.  He  was  the  son  of  a  minister 
and  his  eldest  son  was  a  minister.  His  youngest  sou,  Thomasi 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hapgood  and 
Goodwillie  of  Cleveland. 

Either  we  are  misinformed  as  to  numbers,  or  the  class 
formed  bv  Rev.  Dillen    Prosser  at    Churchill    was  one  of  the 


HISTORY  OF  TIIUMBULL  COUXTY  535 

largest  of  the  begiiming  classes  in  Trumbull  County.  There 
were  sixtj'  members.  As  the  Methodist  records  are  more  im- 
I)erfect  than  the  records  of  most  churches,  the  author  has 
striven  to  put  in  names  of  this  denomination  for  future  refer- 
ence. The  names  of  those  we  know  of  this  first  Churchill  class 
were  Edward  Moore  and  wife,  Edward  Malum  and  wife,  Peter 
Kline,  wife  and  family,  William  Trotter  and  wife,  John,  Naomi 
and  Caroline  Scott,  AVilliam  B.  and  Eliza  Leslie,  William  Smith 
and  wife,  Matthew  and  Mary  Trotter,  Alexander  Wright  and 
wife,  John  Wright  and  sister,  John  Hindman,  William  Hen- 
derson and  wife,  Jerome  Monroe  and  wife,  Irvin,  William, 
Thomas  and  Eliza  Moore,  Maria  Wannamaker,  Salome  Hen- 
derson, Edward  Ladd,  John  Clark,  and  William  Trotter. 
Trotter  was  the  class-leader  and  he  was  succeeded  by  John 
Clark.  The  first  church  erected  later  became  the  town  hall, 
It  was  used  b\^  the  congregation  until  1873,  when  the  present 
church  edifice  was  built.  Among  the  men  who  early  served 
this  congregation,  we  find  the  name  of  Rev.  Peter  Hortou,  who 
afterwards  made  a  reputation  on  his  circuit.  He  and  Ezra 
Booth  were  both  uncles  of  Ezra  B.  Taylor  or  Warren,  and 
when  the  Eev.  Mr.  Hortou  was  serving  the  church  in  this  local- 
ity his  sou,  P.  1).  Horton,  afterwards  an  attorney  in  Ravenna 
and  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  Ohio,  was 
born.  The  Methodist  church  building,  when  it  was  constructed, 
cost  $13,000  and  had  all  modern  conveniences.  The  Methodist 
church  in  Girard  was  among  the  first  organized  in  that  village. 
It  was  brought  about  through  the  efforts  of  Rev.  Dillen  Pros- 
ser.  Samuel  McMillan  was  the  class-leader  and  among  the 
members  were  Abigail  Osborn,  Betsy  McLean,  and  the  Holl- 
ingsworth  family.  The  first  meetings  were  held  in  a  log  school- 
house  which  stood  where  Obediah  Sheadle's  home  was.  Some 
of  their  meetings  were  held  in  Mr.  Hollingsworth's  store  and 
after  awhile  when  the  new  schoolhouse  was  built,  they  met 
there.  In  1852  a  small  plain  church  was  built,  and  the  present 
church  is  one  of  the  most  commodious  and  attractive  of  any  in 
the  village.  It  was  dedicated  in  1880,  is  in  Gothic  stvle  and 
cost  $4,500. 

The  Disciples  of  Girard  were  organized  very  much  later  iu 
Girard  than  in  other  townsliips.  It  was  1867  when  Orin  Gates, 
a  missionary,  organized  the  church.  The  elders  were  Charles 
C.  Fowler,  James  Shannon,  and  Ambrose  Mason.  William 
Shannon,  S.  H.  Miller  and  John  Patton  were  deacons.      The 


536  HISTOEY  OF  TIJUMBLLL  COUNTY 

present  building  was  erected  in  1871.  Tlie  ministers  who  liave 
served  this  congregation  were  well  known  throughout  Trum- 
bull County.  Among  the  early  ones  were  E.  1).  AVakefield, 
Henry  Camp,  James  Van  Horn,  T.  !S.  Hanselman,  X.  X.  and 
S.  S.  Bartlett. 

One  of  the  buildings  noticed  by  all  travelers  along  the  state 
road  was  the  plain,  old-fashioned  church  building  which 
stood  on  the  hill  and  next  to  which  is  the  cemetery.  This  was  the 
old  Lutheran  church.  Here  the  Germans  of  Girard  worshiped 
earnestly  and  faithfully  for  many  years.  They  were  men  and 
women  possessed  of  stalwart  character  and  were  rigid  in  their 
beliefs.  Their  children  were  obliged  to  go  to  church  and  Sun- 
day school  and  this  earlj^  discipline  undoubtedly  had  much  to 
do  with  the  stability  of  character  which  the  second  generation 
possesses.  It  must  be  said,  however,  that  these  Sunday  school 
scholars  are  not  now  supporters  of  the  Lutheran  church  and 
some  of  them  are  not  church-goers  at  all.  Among  the  attend- 
ants at  this  early  church  were  the  families  of  the  Hausers,  the 
Loetzes,  the  Krehls,  etc.  Some  years  ago  this  old  (jhurch  build- 
ing was  abandoned  and  to  the  regret  of  all  students  of  Triun- 
bull  County  history  and  old  residents  as  well,  this  church  build- 
ing was  sold  and  moved  to  another  part  of  town  where  it  now 
serves  as  a  stable.  The  present  Lutherans  erected  a  church  on 
Main  street  about  fifteen  years  ago,  where  they  now  hold  serv- 
ices.   The  minister  is  Rev.  Harvey  Simon. 

After  the  development  of  coal  in  the  township  of  Lilierty 
and  the  rise  of  the  iron  industry,  many  Catholics  moved  into 
the  township,  and  in  1868  the  first  mass  was  celebrated  in 
Girard  at  the  home  of  John  Kinney.  A  church  was  not  erected, 
however,  until  1892.  It  was  called  St.  Rose  and  has  been  a 
prosperous  church  of  the  valley.  The  priests  who  have  served 
this  parish  are  Revs.  E.  J.  Conway,  P.  McCaffery,  T.  J. 
Henry,  F.  McGovern,  J.  P.  Barry  and  J.  J.  Stewart.  A  men- 
tion of  St.  Rose  church  cannot  be  made  without  referring  to 
Father  Stewart.  He  is  one  of  the  staunchest  citizens  of  the 
valley.  He  is  beloved  by  his  congregation,  his  acquaintances 
and  even  by  those  of  us  who  do  not  personally  know  him.  He 
has  never  failed  to  stand  for  the  thing  that  is  right.  He  has 
been  a  loyal  temperance  worker  and  has  studied  the  ]ihilosophy 
of  mental  action  on  the  body  and  has  been  a  guide  and  hel]ier  to 
his  people  and  to  the  Protestants  as  well.  If  only  all  priests 
of  the  greatest  religious  organization  in  the  world,  the  Roman 


HISTOKY  OF  TKUMBT'LL  ('OL'X'J'Y  53? 

Catholic,  were  like  Father  Stewart,  the  feeling  between  Protest- 
ants and  Catholics  would  be  hardly  known. 

A  rather  unusual  church  organization  exists  in  Girard. 
It  is  known  as  the  Apostolic  Christian  Assembly.  Organiza- 
tion was  effected  in  1878  by  Rev.  J.  Bollinger.  Before  the 
organization  meetings  were  held  at  the  home  of  William  Ludt. 
The  original  members  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Ludt,  Charles 
and  Mrs.  Schenoenfeld  and  Mrs.  Mary  Fachield.  In  1878  a 
church  costing  $1,600  was  built  and  the  society  is  now  in  a  pros- 
perous condition. 


CHAPTER  XLV.— LORDSTOWN. 

Small  Homesteads  in  the  Beginning. — A  Land  Deal. — Bailey's 

Corners. — Well  Known  Families. — 

Schools. — Religion. 

Range  4,  number  3,  the  smallest  township  in  Trumbull 
County,  called  Lordstowu  for  Samuel  P.  Lord,  was  the  last  to 
be  settled.  The  owners  seeing  the  great  prosperity  of  the  other 
jjarts  of  the  county,  decided  to  hold  it  for  speculation.  When 
it  was  at  last  offered  for  sale,  it  was  settled  by  those  near  at 
hand,  many  of  the  purchasers  being  Pennsylvania  Dutch. 

The  first  cabin  was  built  by  Henry  Thorne,  from  Virginia. 
The  second  by  a  man  named  Durgy,  although  this  information 
is  not  thoroughly  corroborated.  In  1818  Andrew  Longmore 
built  a  house  of  logs  and  moved  his  family  there  from  Brace- 
ville.  They  had  eight  children,  four  girls  and  four  boys.  He 
was  a  weaver  by  trade.  His  son  George  lived  on  the  old  farm 
many  years.  Mrs.  Longmore  walked  through  the  woods,  carry- 
ing on  her  head  the  butter  which  she  had  prepared  for  the 
Warren  market.  On  Quinby  Hill  she  sat  down  and  put  on  her 
shoes  and  stockings  and  continued  her  journey.  The  skin  would 
grow  on  her  stubble-scratched  feet,  but  not  so  her  shoes. 

In  182-t  John  and  Robert  Tait  settled  north  of  the  center. 
They  were  blacksmiths. 

Two  years  later  Thomas  Pew  bought  a  place  south  of  the 
center,  and  he  and  his  family  lived  in  the  vicinity  for  many 
years. 

The  residents  of  this  township  were  frugal  people  of  little 
means  in  the  beginning,  who  bought  small  tracts,  and,  as  they 
could  afford  it,  added  to  their  possessions.  Thus  the  farms 
became  larger  and  larger,  and  the  population  smaller.  This 
was  true  of  some  other  townships  in  old  Trumbull  County. 
Elderly  men  testify  that  in  their  townships  a  large  number  of 
houses  which  were  occupied  in  their  boyhood  were  torn  down, 
or  allowed  to  decay. 

538 


HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COU^'TY  539 

Sometime  in  the  early  '30.s  James  Scott,  Cyrus  Bosworth 
and  Asael  Adams  i)urchased  one-fourth  of  the  township,  some 
6,500  acres.  This  belonged  to  the  heirs  of  Lord  estate.  They 
were  equally  interested.  The  land  sold  slowh*.  Mr.  Bosworth, 
who  had  other  large  interests,  became  nervous  and  proposed  to 
Mr.  Adams  that  he  take  his  third,  assuming  the  debt  with  it, 
and  if  in  the  end  the  venture  proved  protitalile  ^Ir.  Adams  might 
give  him  $100.  This  Mr.  Adams  agreed  to  do,  and  soon  the 
settlers  began  coming  in  greater  numbers.  Within  three  years 
the  land  was  all  sold.  Mr.  Adams  then  acquainted  !Mr.  Bos- 
worth of  these  facts  and  told  him  he  was  ready  to  pay  his  $100. 
[Mr.  Adams  then  wrote  a  check  for  ]\Ir.  Bosworth,  and  when  the 
latter  presented  it  at  the  bank  Mr.  Ralph  Hickox,  the  cashier, 
counted  out  a  $1,00(1.  Mr.  Bosworth  explained  that  the  cheek 
called  for  $100  only.  [Mr.  Hickox  tlien  showed  him  the  check. 
So  sure  was  Mr.  Bosworth  that  Mr.  Adams  had  made  a  mistake 
that  he  left  the  money  in  the  bank  and  went  to  see  [Mr.  Adams. 
Then  he  learned  that  Mr.  Adams  and  Mr.  Scott  had  talked  the 
matter  over  and  concluded  that  it  was  but  fair  that  [Mr.  Bos- 
worth should  have  more  than  the  written  contract  called  for. 

AYiiliam  Pew  came  from  Pittsburg  to  Lordstown.  [He  had 
six  children,  having  married  Isabella  [McEora.  Four  of  these 
children  died  young,  he  himself  in  '68  and  his  wife  in  '69.  She 
lived  forty  years  on  the  same  farm.  The  son,  John  C,  married 
first  Elizalieth  Pew.  of  Warren,  and  then  [Mary  P]r]iest,  of 
Braceville. 

'One  of  the  best  remembered  citizens  of  Lordstown  was 
Isaac  Bailey,  who  settled  in  the  township  in  1829.  [His  first  log 
cabin  stood  where  the  cooper-shop  later  was,  near  the  crossing 
of  the  Miller  and  Newton  Falls  road.  This  spot  was  known  as 
Bailey's  Corners  and  has  ever  since  held  the  name.  [His  wife 
was  Re1)ecca  Weaver,  and  she  and  he  carried  their  first  baby 
to  Canfield  to  have  it  baiitized.  They  reached  the  church  at  ten 
in  the  morning  and  walked  home  the  same  day,  making  a  round 
of  thirty  miles.  The  women  of  Lordstown  apparently  did  more 
outdoor  work  than  the  women  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
county.  Mrs.  Bailey  used  to  shear  all  of  the  sheep,  running 
f I'om  twelve  to  fourteen  head  a  day,  beside  doing  her  own  house 
work.  She  used  to  help  in  the  harvest  field,  keeping  pace  with 
the  men.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Kistler  lived  in  the  same  house 
with  the  Baileys,  used  the  same  fire  for  their  cooking  and  the 
same  imjalements. 


540  HISTOEY  OF  TEUMBULL  CUUXTY 

Among  the  earlier  settlers  of  Lordstowii  were  the  Packai'ds 
aud  the  Fiilks.  Thomas  Packard  was  the  first  road  supervisor 
of  Trimibull  Countj'  and  lived  in  Austintown  at  the  time  he  was 
appointed.  Mrs.  Packard  was  Julia  Leech,  of  New  Jersey. 
The}'  began  their  married  life  in  Austintown,  moving  to  Lords- 
town  in  the  early  '20s.  Their  home  was  in  that  part  of  the  town- 
ship known  as  ''Woodward  Hill,"  and  William  was  the  first 
l^ostmaster  Lordstown  ever  had.  Their  son,  Warren  Packard, 
had  in  his  possession  papers  issued  to  his  father  from  the  gen- 
eral postofifice  dated  1837.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Packard  had  nine  sons 
and  four  daughters.  Most  of  them  grew  to  adult  age,  Warren, 
Jack,  John.  Ellen  (Mrs.  Campbell)  and  Mary  being  well  known 
to  the  people  of  TrimibuU  County.  Mr.  Warren  Packard  was 
one  of  the  successful  business  men  of  the  city,  and  Maiy,  the 
youngest,  was  one  of  the  best  teachers  the  Warren  schools  ever 
had.  She  was  also  employed  in  the  schools  of  Washington 
where  she  achieved  quite  a  reputation  as  an  instructor. 
"Grandma"  Packard,  as  she  was  familiarly  known  by  the 
present  citizens  of  Warren,  was  in  her  early  days  an  ardent 
Presbyterian  and  for  many  years  rode  her  horse  to  Warren, 
accom]3anied  by  one  of  the  older  children,  to  attend  the  Presby- 
terian church.  Her  later  days  she  spent  on  Monroe  street  in 
Warren  in  a  home  provided  by  her  sons,  and  cared  for  by  her 
daughter,  Mary.  Her  grandchildren  living  in  Warren  are  W. 
D.  and  J.  W.  Packard,  Gertrude  Alderman  and  Irene  Loveless. 

Thomas  Duncan,  like  many  other  residents  of  Lordstown, 
came  from  Austintown,  his  father  having  lived  in  Washington 
county.  John  Duncan  was  one  of  the  very  first  settlers  of  the 
county,  reaching  Austintown  in  1799.  The  family  came  to 
Lordstown  in  1837,  where  they  lived  north  of  the  center  for  many 
years.  Thomas  Duncan  had  ten  children.  He  married  Susan 
Leech  of  New  Jersey.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  for  nine 
years,  and  an  ardent  Democrat. 

Leonard  Woodward,  of  Pennsylvania,  settled  in  1831  on  the 
fann  where  his  son  later  lived.  He  was  a  cari^enter  by  trade 
and  married  Ann  Moherman  of  Austintown.  They  had  a  large 
family  of  children,  some  of  whom  became  interested  in  lorogres- 
sive  cpiestions  and  stood  for  their  principles.  Mi-s.  Woodward 
was  a  quiet,  gentle  woman  and  an  expert  spinner.  Mr.  Wood- 
ward was  justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Andrew  Grove  were  among  the  eai'ly  settlers 
who  had  to  put  iip  with  the  inconveniences  belonging  to  a  much 


HISTORY  OF  TKL'.^dULL  fOUXTY  541 

earlier  time.  Their  house  consisted  of  one  room,  without  tloor 
or  door.  However,  she  was  the  possessor  of  a  very  beautiful 
calico  dress  which  cost  thirty-seven  cents  a  yard. 

Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Jonatlian  Crum  began  housekeeping  under 
aliout  the  same  conditions  as  did  'Mv.  and  Mrs.  Grove.  They 
took  their  meals  from  the  top  of  her  husband's  chest,  and  she 
helped  him  mow,  pitch,  stow  away  and  thrash  the  grain. 

When  Maria  Grove  became  Mrs.  Dil  Newhard  she  had,  in 
the  line  of  preserves,  one  gallon  of  preserved  pumpkin  and  one 
of  currants.  Her  wedding  dress  cost  twenty-five  cents  a  yard. 
When  she  was  a  girl  she  earned,  bj'  drying  peaches  around  the 
fire,  enough  money  to  Iniy  a  lilack  silk  dress.  When  she  was 
seventeen  she  had  a  pair  of  cotton  gloves,  which  she  bought  by 
selling  chestnuts.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newhard  lived  to  have  a  beau- 
tiful home,  and  although  we  know  little  about  them,  we  cannot 
help  but  think  this  thrifty  tendency  which  the  girl  of  seventeen 
manifested,  must  have  been  partially  responsilile  for  their  later 
success. 

John  Tait  married  Catherine  Lane,  who  was  the  widow 
Church.  They  early  settled  in  Warren,  and  Mr.  Tait  was 
among  the  party  that  went  to  Salt  Springs  at  the  time  of  the 
murder  there.  In  1826  Mr.  Tait  pi^t  up  a  double  log  house  on 
his  Lordstown  farm.  They  had  no  floors,  no  doors,  no  win- 
dows. They  cooked  out  of  doors.  Mr.  Tait  continued  his  busi- 
ness, that  of  blacksmith,  in  Warren  for  a  time,  but  later  settled 
upon  the  farm.  In  the  cool  days  Mrs.  Tait  used  to  fill  the  iron 
kettle  full  of  hot  coals  and  attempt  to  warm  this  doorless  house. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  Harshman,  with  nine  children,  located 
southeast  of  the  center  of  Lordstown  in  1836.  Their  house,  of 
course,  was  a  log  cabin  with  a  small  loft,  two  rooms,  in  one  of 
which  was  a  fire  place.  In  the  loft  were  the  beds  for  the  chil- 
dren and  the  stores  of  all  kinds.  This  large  family  was  a  gay 
one;  they  took  ox-sleds  and  drove  to  Austintown  to  singing 
school,  went  ten  miles  on  foot  to  quarterly  meeting,  in  Berlin,  and 
as  they  each  had  their  sweethearts  with  them  they  made  up  quite 
a  little  company.  George  Harshman,  in  1896,  said  that  when 
he,  his  brothers  and  friends  were  dresseci  for  state  occasions 
they  had  blue  swallow-tailed  coats,  bell-crowned  hats  with  fur 
an  inch  long,  and  red  bandana  handkerchiefs.  "Some,  however, 
wore  homespun  with  pewter  buttons,  old  Frazier's  make."  He 
does  not  seem  much  better  able  to  describe  ladies'  clothes  than 
do  most  men,  for  he  savs  ''The  ladies  dressed  in  clothes  of  their 


54-2  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

own  niauiifacture  with  high  bacli  combs."  "The  merchants  of 
AVairen  at  one  time  brought  on  a  stock  of  paper  bonnets,  made 
after  tlie  fasliionof  the  old  Pennsylvania  wagons,  and  stamped 
'imitate  Leghorn.'  They  generously  gave  one  to  eacli  of  those 
who  bought  goods  at  the  store."  He  then  tells  how  the  girls 
arrayed  in  these  bonnets  started  for  meeting  in  Ohltown,  were 
overtaken  by  the  rain  and  found  themselves  "adorned  in  slouch 
paste-board  bonnets  as  was  never  before  nor  since  seen  in 
Lordstown. ' ' 

The  homes  of  the  Dean,  the  Benninger,  the  Eavers.  the 
Wever  families  were  all  about  the  same.  Mrs.  Wever,  who 
was  early  left  a  widow,  reared  nine  children,  and  to  do  this,  of 
course,  she  had  to  toil  early  and  late,  spinning  and  weaving,  to 
get  food  for  her  little  folks. 

Mr.  C.  Ct.  Beardsley  was  one  of  the  reliable  citizens  of 
Lordstown  who  came  to  that  township  in  1840.  He  rode  a  horse 
and  had  fifty  cents  in  his  pocket.  His  father,  who  was  born  in 
Connecticut,  came  to  Ohio  in  181-t,  went  back  to  Connecticut  and 
finally  located  in  Canfield,  where  he  lived  and  died.  C.  Gr. 
Beardsley  married  Elizabeth  Wetmore  of  Canfield,  who  was  one 
of  the  substantial  citizens  of  that  place.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Beards- 
ley worked  hai-d  during  their  early  life  and  saved  money  which 
they  enjoyed  in  their  later  years.  She  was  a  Spiritualist. 
They  had  no  children  but  adopted  LeEoy  ^lathias,  who  lived 
on  the  old  homestead. 

James  Preston  and  his  wife.  Rachel,  were  Penusylvaniaus 
who  came  to  Lordstown  in  18"27.  Mrs.  Preston  died  in  1845,  and 
Mr.  Preston  married  Elizalieth  Crawford.  They  had  a  small 
family  of  children. 

The  first  school  districts  in  Lordstown  were  laid  out  in  1828. 
Changes  were  made  in  these  in  1830.  The  first  schoolhouse  in 
the  township  was  built  in  the  first  district,  on  Moses  Haskell's 
farm.     It  was  of  logs  and  was  taught  by  Mr.  Everett. 

The  first  schoolhouse  at  the  center  was  of  logs  and  Anna 
Harmon  was  probably  the  first  teacher.  It  is  recorded  that 
Anna  was  a  lover  of  "Bohea  tea,"  and  carried  a  cup  of  it  to 
school,  which  she  kept  hot  on  the  fire.  The  next  teacher  was 
John  Fullerton,  who  was  devoted  to  his  cups,  liut  of  a  stronger 
kind.  (Iranville  Sears  taught  school  in  the  daytime,  made  boots 
and  shoes  at  night.     He  did  not  spare  the  rod. 

Aliout  1840  a  frame  school  building  was  erected  at  the  cen- 
ter.    This  was  burned  and  was  replaced.     Rev.  Joseph  King  of 


HISTORY  OF  TKU.AIBVLL  COUXTV  .-.i:T 

Pittsburg  taught  a  select  school.  He  was  a  good  teacher,  had 
a  large  school,  taught  in  the  tow^l  hall  and  educated  iuan_y  teacli- 
ers  for  the  profession  of  teaching.  John  King  and  a  Mr.  Camp- 
bell were  among  the  early  teachers.  8.  F.  DeFord  was  one  of 
the  very  best  instructors  Lordstown  had.  E.  W.  Duncan  also 
taught  at  the  Center  school,  which  in  1870  was  sold  for  a  cheese 
factory  and  re-sold  in  1877  for  township  building.  In  1875  an 
educational  society  consisting  of  the  best  people  in  the  town- 
ship was  formed,  which  took  hold  of  the  local  schools -to  good 
effect.  There  is  now  a  high  school  at  the  center  of  Lordstown, 
but  many  of  the  children  in  the  upper  part  of  the  township  at- 
tend the  Warren  schools. 

The  early  residents  of  Lordstown  walked  to  meeting  in 
the  townships  nearby.  Li  183-1  the  tirst  Methodist  Episcoi)al 
church  was  organized  in  tlie  schoolhouse.  Before  this,  Mr. 
Ashburn.  whose  wife  was  a  great  ^lethodist,  often  entertained 
itinerant  ministers  who  spoke  in  the  log  schoolhouses  in  that 
vicinity.  Rev.  J.  W.  Hill,  who  was  the  first  minister  of  the 
lirst  class,  belonged  to  the  Youngstown  circuit.  In  ';55  and  ''.'A) 
Lordstown  went  into  the  Ellsworth  circuit  under  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  Dow  Prosser.  In  1842  the  ]\Iethodists  erected  a  church 
at  the  center,  and  the  following  spring  a  Sunday  school  was 
organized  with  Thomas  Pew  as  superintendent.  In  the  winter 
of  1839-40  a  revival  in  the  church  added  a  number  of  members. 
In  1855  another  successful  revival  was  held.  This  church  has 
been  abandoned  and  the  building  is  used  as  a  barn. 

The  first  United  Brethren  church  was  organized  in  1855 
by  Rev.  Hiram  Knight.  The  ministers  have  been  the  Rev.  Ex- 
cell,  Bolster,  Swihart,  Day,  Evans,  Miller,  Traver.  Moody. 
Borzee,  Smith,  Baldwin,  Landaw.  The  land  for  this  church 
was  donated  by  Charles  Ohl  and  he  also  gaA-e  a  small  lot  for  a 
cemetery.  It  is  in  this  cemetery  that  the  bodies  of  Mary  Pack- 
ard, the  wife  of  "Warren,  and  her  granddaughter,  Esther  ^Ic- 
Crum.  lie. 

When  Walter  Scott  and  James  Mitcliell  ]ireached  with 
such  religious  fervor  in  Warren,  they  interested  a  numbei-  of 
Lordstown  families.  John  Tait  was  one  of  these.  He  was 
baptized  at  midnight  in  the  Mahoning  river,  in  the  month  of 
January.  Marcus  Bosworth  and  John  Henry  followed  up  the 
interest  among  the  Lordstown  people  and  organized  a  society 
in  that  township  in  1830.  This  meeting  was  held  in  the  log 
schoolhouse,  on  the  old  David  Lewis  farm.    The  overseers  were 


:.4  1  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

Robert  Tait  and  Moses  Haskell ;  David  Lewis  aud  Jolm  Tait. 
trustees.  iWong  the  preachers  were  Walter  Scott,  Adamson 
Bentley  and  Llarcus  Brockett.  The  first  clmrch  was  built  in 
184-t  and  cost  $800.  Eev.  John  Henry  preached  the  sermon, 
and  the  congregation  sang  a  hyixin  set  to  a  tune  which  he  had 
arranged,  and  Robert  Tait  suggested  that  they  call  this  ' '  Forty- 
Four"  since  it  was  the  year  in  which  the  church  was  dedicated. 
Rev.  Henry  was  a  popular  preacher,  although  not  as  well  edu- 
cated as.  most  of  the  preachers  of  his  day.  He  was  one  of  the 
strongest  men  in  the  community  and  always  helped  at  rais- 
ings and  log  rolling's.  One  day  when  going  to  church,  he  met  a 
poor  man  and  invited  him  to  attend.  The  man  said  he  could 
not,  since  he  had  no  shoes.  The  preacher  removed  his  shoes 
and  presented  them,  and  preached  his  sermon  in  his  bare  feet. 
In  1868  a  new  Disciple  church  was  built  at  the  cost  of  $2,200. 
At  that  time  Rev.  Philander  Green  was  the  pastor,  and  he  was 
followed  by  D.  P.  Thayer  and  H.  D.  Niles.  This  church  has 
had  the  office  of  deaconesses,  Rachel  Dean,  Miranda  Jones,  and 
Mary  Tait  holding  the  office  at  different  times.  The  present 
pastor  is  Eev.  Mr.  Henry,  who  preaches  every  other  Sunday. 
As  said  in  the  early  part  of  this  sketch,  the  residents  of 
Lordstown  were  many  of  them  Germans.  In  1832  the  German 
Lutherans  and  the  German  Reformed  united  and  erected  a 
church  in  the  neighborhood  of  Bailey's  Corners.  This  log  house 
was  soon  replaced  by  a  frame  one  and  services  were  held  in 
it  until  1848.  At  that  time  the  house  was  burned.  These  same 
two  organizations  then  built  a  house  in  Warren  township  near 
the  site  of  the  first  liuilding,  and  services  are  held  there  now. 
It  is  En"lish  Lutheran. 


CHAPTER  XL\'l.— MECCA. 

Tl'RHAND    KlETLAND. FlEST     SeTTLEES    AND    EvEXTS. TeACHEES 

and  schoolhouses. oil  speculation. "  dixie.  " 

— The  Chueches. 

In  some  ways  range  3,  township  6,  later  called  Mecca,  is  one 
of  the  least  interesting  townships  in  a  historical  way.  The 
early  surveyors  complained  greatly  of  the  swamps,  and  this 
condition,  previous  to  its  settlement,  made  its  lands  less  valu- 
able than  the  lands  of  some  other  townships.  The  Connecticut 
Land  Company  sold  this  tract  to  Turhand  Kirtland,  of  whom  we 
have  read  so  much  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  history,  William 
Ely.  jMr.  Kingsbury  and  Mr.  Cowles.  Judge  Kirtland  owned 
the  largest  portion,  situated  in  the  northern  part.  Because 
of  the  swamjis,  it  is  supposed  that  he  did  not  pay  a  very  large 
])rice  for  it;  at  any  rate,  he  sold  it  on  very  easy  terms,  the  pur- 
chasers being  obliged  to  pay  interest  regularly,  but  were  given 
plenty  of  time  on  the  principal. 

"When  the  first  white  settlers  came  to  the  townshi])  they 
found  one  Indian  hut  on  the  banks  of  Moscjuito  creek,  but  it 
was  deserted.  Indians,  however,  often  camped  in  the  township. 
Some  of  the  settlements  in  Trumbull  County  were  twelve  years 
old  when  Joseph  Dawson,  a  resident  of  Poland,  built  the  first 
cabin  and  brought  his  family  to  Mecca.  For  nearly  two  years 
the  Dawsons  were  the  only  people  living  in  jMecca.  He  had  a 
large  family  of  boys  and  the  first  child  born  in  the  townshi]^ 
was  Nancy.  Mrs.  Dawson's  father,  John  Rose,  settled  north 
of  the  Dawson  farm,  which  was  in  East  Mecca,  in  1813.  He 
likewise  came  from  Poland,  and  he  remained  there  the  rest  of 
his  life,  and  some  of  his  descendants  still  reside  in  the  township. 
His  son-in-law,  Dawson,  however,  after  a  little  time  moved 
away.  It  is  said  that  the  Rose  cabin  was  a  very  small  affair, 
liut  was  kept  in  such  a  scrupulous  manner  that  it  was  remem- 
bered by  the  citizens  for  many  years.  The  Roses  were  of 
Quaker  descent. 

545 


546  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUXTY 

Amoug  some  of  the  early  settlers  was  Peter  Rowe,  of  Xew 
York.  When  at  a  logging  bee  in  his  native  state  he  saw  a  lovely 
girl,  asked  her  father  what  he  wonld  take  for  her,  and  when 
he  replied  a  shotgun  and  a  gallon  of  whiskey,  he  i^roduced  the 
articles  and  obtained  his  wife.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eowe  came  to 
Mecca,  and  their  son  ]\iartin  was  the  first  boy  born  in  the 
township. 

So  far  as  we  know,  the  first  burial  was  that  of  Elmira,  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sylvester  Taylor.  "She  was  buried 
on  what  is  now  (1896)  the  Hickox  farm.  A  few  years  later, 
when  other  bodies  buried  there  were  reinterred  in  the  cemetery, 
her  little  form  was  left  sleeping  alone  and  the  roots  of  a  black 
walnut  tree  hug  closely  the  spot  and  the  branches  sweep  over 
her  grave." 

The  first  bride  of  Mecca  was  Electa  Paine,  who  married 
Friend  Buttles.  Their  first  trip  after  their  wedding  was  in  an 
OS-cart  when  they  went  to  meeting.  It  is  astonishing  how  many 
women  walked  from  New  England  to  New  Connecticut.  Mrs. 
Buttles  was  one  of  these.  She  walked  all  the  way  and  drove 
a  cow.  Elmira  Buttles,  who  married  Levi  P.  Rice,  was  a  very 
delicate  person,  but  she,  too,  walked  from  Connecticut,  and  said 
she  felt  better  for  her  six-weeks'  tramp. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McNabb  walked  from  Mrginia  to  Poland, 
Ohio,  and  their  daughter  afterwards  settled  in  Mecca.  Mr. 
McNabb  carried  his  ax  through  the  unbroken  forest,  and  Mrs. 
McNabb  part  of  her  precious  wheel-head.  They  had  two  horses. 
On  one  was  the  rest  of  Mrs.  McNabb 's  spinning-wheel,  and  on  the 
other,  five  children.  In  order  to  get  all  the  children  onto  the 
horse  they  took  an  empty  straw  tick,  put  a  baby  in  either  end, 
threw  this  across  the  horse,  and  then  put  three  children  on  the 
back. 

The  first  blacksmith  in  Mecca  was  Joseph  Phillips.  He 
lived  on  the  farm  where,  later,  his  grandson,  Christopher,  lived. 

About  1830  Mr.  Mason  put  up  a  sawmill  on  the  Beaver  clam, 
about  a  mile  north  of  the  center. 

The  first  store  in  Mecca  was  that  of  Babcock  &  Bradley. 
It  did  not  long  exist.  James  Hezlep  had  a  store  at  one  time, 
which  he  sold  to  Daniel  Shehy.  James  Fowler  erected  the  first 
frame  store  in  the  to"\vnship.  This  building  is  still  in  existence. 
Daniel  Shehy  was  a  native  of  Yoimgstown,  and  figures  else- 
where in  this  history.  The  names  of  Fowler  and  Hezlep  are 
both  familiar  in  Youngstown. 


niSTOliY  OF  'I'ldMHULL  COTNTY  517 

The  first  postmaster  in  [Mfcca  was  Lemuel  iliekox,  and  the 
first  mail  route  was  from  Warrt-n  to  Ashtabula.  Ira  Knapp, 
who  carried  the  mail,  is  mentioned  in  other  ]iarts  of  tliis 
history. 

Tiie  early  stage  eoaehes  passed  through  3iieeea,  and  it  was 
as  lively  in  tlie  early  days  as  it  is  now. 

The  oldest  graveyard  in  the  towushi])  is  situated  south  of 
East  Mecca.  The  tirst  interment,  so  far  as  we  know,  was  in 
1828,  when  Euos  Clark  Pettis,  a  young  man,  died.  The  second 
interment  was  the  next  year,  when  the  wife  of  Ste])hen  Pettis, 
Olive,  died. 

Dr.  Ariel  Bradley  was  the  hrst  physician  of  Mecca,  and 
Theodosia,  the  wife  of  Jose  Chaffee,  was  the  natural  nurse  of 
the  township.  Many  people  preferred  her  to  a  ]iliysician.  In 
the  case  of  a  sick  call  "she  mounted  her  white  horse,  would 
gallop  through  the  woods,  or  if  need  be,  j^limge  into  ^Mosquito 
creek  and  swim  boldly  across  on  her  errands  of  mercy." 

The  first  schoolhouse — of  logs — was  at  East  Mecca. 
Salome  Fuller  was  the  first  teacher.  Noble  Mason  was  the 
first  teacher  in  West  Mecca.  The  building  in  which  he  taught 
afterwards  became  a  granary,  and  the  schoolhouse  was  some- 
times used  for  religious  purposes.  Lucretia  Meacham  taught 
school  in  her  cellar.  A  daughter  of  William  Smith  taught  school 
in  the  chambers  of  her  house.  Captain  Bethuel  Beman  was  one 
of  the  early  teachers.  There  was  no  academy  at  Mecca.  Proli- 
ably  the  schools  in  Greene,  the  academy  at  Bristol  and  Cortland 
were  all  so  near  at  hand,  and  Mecca  rather  sparsely  settled,  that 
there  was  no  call  for  a  school  of  a  higher  grade  in  that  township. 

In  the  '60s  no  township  in  Trumbull  County  was  as  well 
known  in  the  United  States  as  Mecca.  The  Yankee  pronuncia- 
tion still  prevailed  to  a  goodly  degree,  and  more  people  called 
this  township  "Aleccy"  than  "Mecca."  The  early  settlers 
knew  that  oil  existed  in  this  vicinity,  because  it  was  often 
present  in  wells  and  springs.  The  early  inhabitants  used  it 
sometimes  for  burning,  and  a  few  of  them  collected  enough  for 
the  market  and  sold  now  and  then  a  few  gallons.  The  early 
farmers  of  Mecca  were  always  more  or  less  chagrined  when 
evidences  of  oil  were  seen,  because  it  really  hurt  at  that  time 
the  value  of  land.  The  first  oil  was  pumped  on  the  land  of 
William  H.  Jeffries,  in  West  Mecca.  The  product  obtained  was 
a  very  thick  oil,  valuable  for  medicinal  purposes  and  for  refin- 
ing.    In  consistency  it  was  between  a  light  weight  of  vaseline 


MS  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBTTLL  COrXTY 

and  glycerine.  As  soon  as  the  Jeffries  well  was  i^roved,  specu- 
lators canae  in  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  Property  was 
sold  at  fabulous  jmces.  Wells  were  sunk,  houses  in  great  num- 
bers were  ^nit  up.  Warren  hotels  were  filled  with  speculators 
who  visited  Mecca  for  investigation.  All  the  conditions  of  an 
ordinary  western  mining  camp  were  i)resent  in  this  township. 
Men  seemed  to  lose  their  heads  and  determined  on  making 
money  in  one  way  or  another.  Selling  liquor  in  violation  of  the 
law  was  common,  and  at  least  one  or  two  men,  who  in  their 
old  age  have  been  respected  citizens,  at  that  time  paid  fines 
for  this  violation,  and  two  of  them  served  sentence  in  our  county 
jail.  The  jailor  was,  of  course,  lenient  with  these  men  and  they 
were  allowed  to  go  about  town  in  the  evening,  provided  they 
occupied  themselves  in  the  daytime.  There  was  nothing  for  the 
speculators  to  do  in  the  evenings  in  so  rural  a  region  as  Mecca, 
so  all  sorts  of  gambling  was  indulged  in.  It  looked  as  if 
''Dixie,"  the  name  given  to  the  oil  vicinity,  would  be  the  city 
of  Trumbull  County.  However,  the  oil  was  not  present  in  suffi- 
cient quantities  to  pay  for  extracting  it,  and  soon  "Dixie" 
became  a  deserted  village.  Most  of  the  houses  were  sold  for 
small  sums  to  people  in  AVarren,  who  transported  them  to  the 
latter  place  on  runners  in  winter,  and  some  of  them  were  left  to 
go  to  decay. 

The  first  church  in  ]\Iecca  was  Presbyterian.  Eev.  Hai"vey 
C'oe,  of  the  Domestic  Missionary  Society,  of  Grand  Eiver,  and 
Ephraim  T.  Woodruff",  of  the  Connecticut  Missionary  Society, 
were  present  at  the  organization.  The  following  were  the  first 
memliers :  John  Rowe  Sr.,  Friend  Buttles.  Susannah  Buttles, 
Sterling  Adkins,  Mary  Adkins,  Ruhamah  Tucker,  Aurelia 
Hickox,  Almira  Buttles  and  Eunice  Rose.  This  was  in  1822. 
and  two  years  later  the  church  was  received  by  the  Presbytery. 
John  Rose  Sr.  was  the  moderator,  and  Friend  Buttles  the  clerk. 
In  1842  a  plan  of  union  was  adopted,  but  of  late  years  the 
church  is  C'ongregational  in  government.  The  first  building 
which  they  occupied  was  a  frame,  which  they  bought  and  fitted 
up  as  a  church.  It  stood  near  the  jiublic  scjuare.  The  best 
known  minister  was  the  Rev.  Mr.  Winans.  His  name  is  familiar 
to  all  Methodists  and  C*ongregationalists  of  Triunbull  County. 

In  1832  the  Free  Will  Baptists  of  Mecca  met  at  the  house 
of  Alanson  Smith,  Elder  Rolling  and  George  Collins  being 
])resent.  An  organization  of  seven  members  was  perfected. 
Tlieir  names  have  not  been  preserved.    Rev.  Rollin  was  the  first 


JIISTOEY  OF  TrJ;:\lBrLL  i:()UNTY  549 

preacher,  and  Elder  Saiiinel  Weir  was  associated  with  liim  in 
his  work.  Occasionally  meetings  were  held  in  1840  liy  Freeman 
Straight,  in  3S47  l)y  Rev.  S.  A.  Aldrich,  in  i85-l-,  by  Rev.  S.  T. 
Bates.  Rev.  E.  II.  Ilighee  was  pastor  from  1858  to  1868,  and 
before  his  time,  through  the  efforts  of  Evangelist  McConnough, 
sixteen  members  were  added  to  the  church.  During  the  first  of 
Mr.  Higbee's  services  a  revival  resulted  in  fifteen  new  mem- 
bers; in  1863,  fourteen  new  meml^ers.  Since  1867  no  services 
have  been  held  by  this  church.  The  Congregationalists  and  the 
Free  Will  Bajjtists  each  owned  a  half  interest  in  the  cliurcli 
pro])erty.  which  was  finished  in  1839. 

The  first  regular  Baptist  church  was  organizt'd  in  1833. 
Henry  K.  Hultz  was  moderator;  Noble  Mason,  the  early  teacher, 
was  clerk.  Tlie  memliers  were  John  ('ook,  Henry  K.  Hultz, 
Uzal  W.  Bowen,  Mr.  Mason,  David  Campbell,  Alanson  ^IcCol- 
lonr,  Daniel  Ferguson,  Virgilius  E.  Remington,  Martin  Daniels. 
Philander  S.  Crittenden,  Asaliel  Chapman,  George  Sperry. 
James  Cook,  Xoah  Bowen  and  William  Hull.  Surely  there  were 
some  wohien  in  this  congregatioii,  although  no  names  are  given. 
This  congregation  worshiped  in  a  hewed  log  church,  but  it  did 
not  live  very  long.  It  was  resuscitated  in  1841  with  some  of 
the  same  members — Henry  K.  Hultz,  John  Cook,  Abner  Mason, 
James  Cook,  Noali  Bowen,  Alnsha  S.  Underwood,  Lyman  Pier- 
son,  Samuel  Buck,  Amos  Cook,  Bela  Phelps  Jr.,  Josiali  (lalpin. 
AVilliam  Liddle,  Zachariah  Cook,  Samuel  Jerrold,  Jesse  Gris- 
wold,  Lucius  S.  Brown,  Daniel  Higiiee.  At  the  time  of  the 
reorganization  a  churcli  at  East  Mecca  was  Iniilt,  whi<'li  is  still 
standing.  For  a  numlier  of  years  there  luis  been  no  regular 
preaching  in  this  church. 

The  Methodist  society,  as  is  usually  the  case,  was  organized 
in  a  class  in  1837,  iiossibly  at  an  eai'lier  date.  In  183!)  this 
society  moved  to  AVest  Aieeca.  Among  the  members  were 
Joseph  Duncan,  John  Dean,  Ambrose  Irwin,  William  Irwin, 
others  "and  wives."  In  184!)  $1,800  was  sjient  in  building  a 
church  at  West  Mecca.  At  that  time  there  were  fully  lifty  mem- 
bers. Rev.  Henry  Wiuans  was  one  of  the  ministers.  Because 
the  Methodist  clergy  moved,  at  first  each  year,  and  later  at 
longer  intervals,  tliei'e  are  few  records  found  in  regard  to  their 
early  church.  The  present  membership  is  seventy-four;  tbey 
have  preaching  every  Sunday  and  class  meeting  every  other 
Sundav.  The  trustees  are  F.  Johnson,  John  Irwin,  Fletcher 
Irwin, "W.  D.  Chandler,  G.  F.  Troxel  and  J.  M.  Love. 


.•.-.11  HISTORY  OF  THU.MBULL  COUXTY 

The  Disciple  cliurcli  was  organized  about  tlie  time  of  many 
of  the  other  Christian  churches  in  Trumbull  County.  The  over- 
seers were  Daniel  Hosford  and  Silas  Jones.  The  deacons  were 
George  W.  Dean  and  Thomas  Stanley.  The  church  edifice  is  at 
East  Mecca  and  was  built  in  1868. 


CHAPTEK   XL\'l J. — MESOPOTAMIA. 


The  Name. — Spekry   Family. — The   Guilds. — Tracy. — Pioneer 
Deyelopment. — First  Teaching  and  Preaching. 

Number  7,  in  the  5tli  range,  was  organized  in  1819,  under 
the  name  "^Mesopotamia."  It  is  a  pity  that  the  early  settlers 
did  not  use  some  Indian  name,  some  name  that  \vas  charactei'- 
istie  of  the  vicinity,  or  some  New  England  name  of  family  or 
town.  Mesopotamia,  meaning-  between  two  rivers,  never  did 
and  never  has  seemed  appropriate.  However,  the  people  of  the 
present  day  are  not  to  blame  for  the  name  any  more  than  is 
the  swarthy,  stout,  short  girl  who  is  named  "Lillie."  The  town- 
ship is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  Trumbull  County.  It  is 
rolling,  is  rural  in  every  way,  has  beautiful  forests,  the  homes 
are  in  good  repair,  and  everything  about  it  seems  prosperous. 

Here  was  the  early  home  of  .lohu  Stark  Edwards,  the  first 
recorder  of  Trumbull  County,  of  whom  we  have  read  much  in 
earlier  chapters.  His  father,  Pieri)ont  EJdwards,  of  New  Haven, 
owned  most  of  the  land,  and  the  son  acted  as  his  agent  for  the 
sale  of  the  same.  Unlike  many  of  the  townships  in  the  south, 
the  early  settlers  were  mostly  from  New  England.  .Tohn  Stark 
Edwards  visited  the  township  in  1799,  and  upon  his  return  home 
offered  to  give  one  hundred  acres  of  land  to  the  iirst  five  men 
who  should  purchase  land  and  bring  their  families  to  the  new 
country  to  live.  He  likewise  offered  fifty  acres  of  land  to  each 
of  the  first  five  single  men  wlio  would  i)urchase  and  live  upon 
land  in  that  township.  In  1806  he  gave  the  land  for  the  ])resent 
])ark. 

In  1800  Ilezekiah  Si)erry.  his  children,  Aljihias,  Martha  aud 
Cynthia,  arrived  in  Mesopotamia  and  built  a  log  cabin.  It  will 
be  seen  by  this  chvte  that  Mesopotamia  was  settled  almost  as 
early  as  Warren.  The  next  year  he  went  back  to  Woodbridge, 
Connecticut,  and  brought  out  his  wife  and  the  rest  of  the  chil- 
dren.   He  had  thirteen  in  all.     Five  of  the  dnuglitei's  and  three 

551 


552  HISTORY  OF  TRUilBULL  COUNTY 

of  the  sous  married,  aud  all  of  the  sous  lived  aud  died  iu  the 
township.  Captain  Sperry  built  the  tirst  frame  house  in  the  town- 
ship. The  mother  lived  there  twenty-six  years,  and  the  father 
thirtj'-two.  Although  this  family  did  not  sutler  unusual  hard- 
ships, aud  its  members  Avere  moderately  happy,  yet  with  so 
large  a  family  there  were  a  immber  of  sorrows.  The  youngest 
son,  Lucius,  who  never  married,  contracted  typhiod  fever  during 
his  service  in  the  war  of  1812.  was  brought  home  aud  died. 
Three  of  his  sisters  contracted  the  disease  and  died  also. 
Hannah,  the  eldest  daughter,  married  Zeri  Sperry  and  lived  in 
Middletield.  While  she  was  visiting  her  father  in  Mesopota- 
mia her  own  house  was  burned  and  her  husband  perished  in 
the  flames.  She  afterwards  married  a  Mr.  Lyman,  of  Windham, 
and  outlived  all  her  family,  reaching  the  extreme  age  of  ninety- 
four. 

The  second  family  to  arrive  was  Otis  and  Lois  Giiild  and 
their  family.  Their  Connecticut  home  was  Sharon,  and  they 
came  to  the  Western  Reserve  in  1800,  moving  to  Mesopotamia 
in  180L  Lois  Guild  kejit  one  of  the  most  hospitable  homes  in 
northern  Trumbull  Couuty.  Writers  who  followed  her  speak 
of  her  bounteous  suppers  as  being  remembered  by  all  ]\[esopo- 
tamia  people.  She  was  the  sole  possessor  "of  a  red  broadcloth 
cloak,  by  which  she  was  known  far  and  near."  When  the 
family  came  they  had  four  children,  and  three  daughters  were 
born  to  them  afterwards.  It  is  supposed  that  Charlotte,  who 
was  born  the  year  of  their  arrival,  was  the  first  white  child  ])orn 
in  the  township,  but  there  is  some  imcertainty  about  this, 
because  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Clark  was  born  about  the  same  time. 
The  youngest  child  of  this  family,  Aurelia,  was  lioru  at  the  exact 
time  that  friends  were  laying  away  in  old  mother  earth  her  little 
sister  whose  name  she  bore.  This  second  Aurelia  lived  to  be 
eighteen  years  old,  but  for  half  her  lifetime  she  was  blind. 
Mrs.  J.  M.  Laird  records  in  the  "Memorial  to  Pioneer  Women 
of  the  Western  Reserve"  the  fact  that  Charlotte  Guild  liuilt 
a  monument  for  herself  of  good  deeds ;  that  she  was  very  indus- 
trious, could  card  and  spin,  taught  school,  was  fond  of  books, 
was  an  expert  horsewoman.  She  married  Flavel  Sheldon  in 
1821,  at  which  time  Rev.  Joseph  Curtis  preached  a  sermon 
taking  for  his  text,  "Come,  for  all  things  are  now  ready."  She 
was  often  seen  riding  a  horse  so  spirited  that  most  women  aud 
some  men  could  not  bear  to  ride,  and  in  front  of  her  she  carried 
two  children,  with  another  on  behind. 


IIISTOlfY  OF  TlfU.MF.rLL  COUNTY  553 

Seth  Tracy  and  his  wife,  Sylphinia  Hawley,  witli  six  Hiil 
dren,  a  daugliter  being  born  to  tlieni  after  they  arrived,  luadc 
the  third  family  to  settle  in  ^Ieso])otaniia.  Their  home  was 
Pittstield,  ^Massachusetts.  As  was  usual,  Air.  Tracy  ])rece(hHl 
the  family,  located  his  farm,  and  brought  his  family  with  him 
in  ISO].  Tliey  came  by  wagon  from  Pittstield  to  Wliitestowii. 
New  York.  Here  they  took  boats  and  i)roceeded  as  far  as 
Niagara.  The  lioats  were  then  hauled  around  the  falls,  ami 
they  proceeded  on  their  way  via  Lake  Erie.  They  rowed  u)! 
the  Grand  river  as  far  as  ^^■indsor,  going  tlie  rest  of  the  way 
by  land.  They  slept  under  bark  jiut  on  jioles.  as  did  hundreds 
of  other  emigrants,  until  their  cabin  was  done.  The  men 
chopped  some  trees,  stirred  the  virgin  forest  with  pick  axes, 
dropped  corn  into  these  holes,  Irat  had  no  further  time  for 
cultivation.  Their  land  was  near  the  present  center  of  JMesoixt- 
tamia  and  there  was  seven  hundred  acres  of  it.  About  live 
years  after  their  arrival  the  lirst  orchard  of  the  township  was 
set  out  on  Mr.  Tracy's  land,  and  a  few  of  these  trees  still 
stand.  Mrs.  Tracy  possessed  a  very  sweet  voice  and  sang  at 
meetings  and  on  like  occasions.  Louise  Branche  Tracy,  the 
mother  of  Seth,  died  in  1S17.  and  liers  was  the  first  interment 
in  the  cemetery.  C'larissa,  the  oldest  daughter  of  Mr.  and  ]\Irs. 
Tracy,  was  the  first  ])erson  to  be  married  in  the  township,  and 
her  father,  being  justice  of  the  peace,  performed  the  ceremony. 
The  third  sister,  Sabrina,  married  Horace  Wolcott,  of  Farm- 
ington.  Linens  Tracy  was  ])ossib]y  the  liest  known  of  the 
family,  because  of  his  many  years  and  Iiis  ))usiness  life  in 
Warren.  When  a  young  man  he  was  em])loyed  by  William  Bell, 
a  AVarren  merchant,  and  later  by  Leicester  King.  He  finally 
bought  Mr.  King's  goods  and  removed  them  to  Alesoijotaniia, 
continuing  in  business  there  for  several  years.  From  early 
boyhood  be  was  interested  in  things  jiertaining  to  war,  and 
when  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  King  studied  military  tactics  fi-om 
books  and  had  a  hundred  wooden  soldiers  Avhicli  he  would 
maneuver  on  a  board,  thus  practically  learning  his  lesson.  Lie 
served  as  lieutenant  major  and  colonel  of  militia,  and  before^ 
that  he  had  been  corporal  in  the  war  of  lSr2.  He  was  very 
much  interested  in  the  war  of  the  Eebellion,  helped  to  train 
the  soldiers,  and  his  sons  were  in  that  war. 

Among  the  most  enterprising  and  capaltle  people  of  ^leso- 
potamia  were  Isaac  Clark  and  his  wife,  Susan  Gates.  They 
reached  Mesopotamia  in  1804,  having  spent  three  years  pre- 


55i  IILSTOEY  OF  TRrilBFLL  COUXTY 

viou.s  in  Buvtou.  Mr.s.  Clark  was  exeeediugly  ingenious.  Her 
husband  needing  a  suit  of  clothes,  she  sheared  a  bear  skin  and 
a  sheep  skin,  carded  the  two  together,  si)un  the  yarn,  wove  the 
cloth  and  made  the  suit. 

Dr.  Joseph  Clark  was  the  first  practicing  physician  in 
Mesopotamia,  settling  there  in  1801. 

Asenatha  Tracy  Smith  was  so  skilful  a  nurse  that  many 
persons  preferred  her  to  a  physician.  Her  husband  and  she 
settled  in  Mesopotamia  in  1805.  Their  son  Edmund  married 
Polly  Lee,  a  daughter  of  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Farmington. 
and  she  lived  to  be  more  than  ninety  years  old.  They  lived 
all  their  lives  on  the  land  which  (xager  Smith  first  took  up,  and 
two  daughters,  Elmira  Ensign  and  Amarette  Eeynolds,  lived 
there  also.  The  former  had  and  used  the  l)lack  walnut  loom 
with  which  the  women  of  her  family  had  woven  for  almost  a 
century.  It  was  hewn  out  and  planed — not  a  bit  of  it  was  sawed. 
It  is  now  in  one  of  the  old  buildings  on  the  farm  where  D.  L. 
Smith,  the  brother  of  these  women,  lives.  Mrs.  Grager  Smith 
was  to  all  }nu-poses  and  intentions  a  "new  woman"  of  that  time. 
She  longed  and  begged  for  an  oven  in  which  to  bake  her  bread, 
and  when  her  recpiest  was  not  granted  she  made  one  herself  out 
of  clay,  which  answered  every  purpose. 

Thomas  Bowyer  was  the  first  Pennsylvanian  to  settle  in 
Mesopotamia.  James  Laird  and  family  were  also  from  Penn- 
sylvania, and  their  descendants  are  well  known  throughout 
Trumbull  County.  They  first  lived  in  a  log  cabin  on  the  C.  P. 
Lyman  fai'ui,  and  there  a  large  fanuly  of  children  was  reared. 
They  married  and  intermarried  Avith  the  old  families  of  the 
northern  part  of  the  county.  Ste])hen  Laird  was  a  memlier  of 
the  Ohio  legislature  in  1881-82,  the  first  representative  that 
Mesopotamia  ever  furnished  Trumbull  County.  Rachel  Laird, 
who  married  Seth  Mori'ison,  came  to  ]\[esopotamia  a  little  after 
her  father's  family.  Her  nei)hew,  Seth  ^\.  Laird,  was  well 
known  in  Trumbull  County,  was  the  cashier  of  the  Savings 
Bank  in  Warren,  and  his  marriage  with  ^liss  Clark  united  two 
of  Trumbull  County's  old  families. 

The  first  graves  in  Mesopotamia  were  marked  by  stones 
cut  by  John  Tomlinson.  Some  of  them  are  still  standing, 
although  much  defaced. 

The  first  sawmill  in  the  townshii)  was  built  by  John  Stark 
Edwards  in  1803.  Two  years  later  a  grist  mill  was  built.  Both 
these  mills  were  run  hv  water  from  the  dam  on  Mill  creek. 


HFSTOIJY  OF  Tl!r:\IBrLL  COUXTY  555 

Mesopotamia  liad  fewer  distilleries  than  other  townships. 
Some  of  the  townships  in  old  Trnmbnll  County  had  as  many  as 
eighteen.  Griswold  Gillette  was  the  owner  of  the  Mesopotamia 
distillery,  and  the  work  was  done  in  a  log  building  near  the 
center. 

The  first  tavern  was  built  in  1823,  by  Dr.  D.  L.  Newi-omli, 
of  New  York.  This  building  was  later  used  in  the  construction 
of  another  hotel,  built  and  owned  by  Isaac  Clark. 

It  is  stated  in  other  histories  of  townships  that  the  early 
settlers — that  is,  the  w^omen — made  all  the  garments  which  the 
family  wore,  with  the  exception  of  shoes.  It  seems  in  Mesopo- 
tamia that  the  men  among  the  early  settlers  made  the  shoes. 
This  became  so  onerous  tliat  Hezekiah  Sperry  went  to  New 
Haven  and  spent  a  year  learning  to  make  shoes,  and  when  he 
returned  worked  at  his  trade,  traveling  from  house  to  house. 
He  carried  his  own  tools,  made  his  own  pegs,  and  somel)ody 
spun  the  shoe  thread  for  him. 

Seth  Tracy  offered  his  house  for' the  first  school,  which  was 
held  in  1803.  It  was  taught  by  Samuel  Foward.  The  next  year 
Samuel  Higlee  was  the  teacher,  and  the  third  teacher  was 
Jerusha  Guild,  mentioned  before.  In  1806  the  first  schoolhouse 
was  built,  and  this  was  on  Seth  Tracy's  farm.  Linens  Tracy, 
who  had  only  attended  school  six  months,  tai;ght  in  this  liuilding 
successfully. 

The  first  sermon  preached  in  ^Mesopotamia  was  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Badger.  The  church  was  organized  in  1817,  with  eight 
members,  and  was  Presbyterian.  It  lias  since  become  Congre- 
gational. Among  the  early  memliers  we  find  the  names  of  Tracy, 
Gillette,  Loomis.  Guild,  Laird,  Morrison  and  Crawford.  The 
first  church  edifice  cost  $500,  and  was  erected  by  the  Presby- 
terians in  1822.  The  second  church  of  this  denomination  cost 
$2,500,  and  was  erected  in  1843.  The  first  regular  pastor  was 
Eev.  Randolph  Stone. 

The  dates  of  the  formation  of  the  early  Methodist  churches 
are  in  most  cases  unknown,  and  just  when  the  classes  became 
churches  is  not  certain.  The  first  Methodist  preacher  in  Meso- 
])otamia  was  named  Daniels,  and  the  first  meeting-house  of  this 
denomination  was  erected  in  1830.  It  has  been  twice  rebuilt, 
the  last  time  about  ten  years  ago.  Among  the  early  Methodists 
we  find  the  names  of  Sanderson,  Laird,  Easton,  Ensign,  Parker, 
and  Smith.  Mrs.  Sandei'son  was  one  of  the  most  active  of  the 
early  members.    The  first  qiiarterh-  meeting  was  held  in  Elisha 


556  HISTORY  OF  TEU^ilBT'LL  COUXTY 

Sandorson's  baru.  In  1833  a  great  revival  took  place,  when 
about  fifty  persons  "experienced  religion."  Among  the  early 
elders  -n-ere  Mack,  Ira  Eddy,  and  AVilliam  Brown.  Among  the 
circuit  riders,  Isaac  AVinans  and  James  Mc^NIecham. 

There  was  quite  a  tendency  toward  liberal  religion  in  the 
northern  part  of  Trumbull  County  in  the  early  days.  There 
was  a  Universalist  church,  which  has  since  become  the  town 
hall.  AMiy  this  church  disbanded  we  do  not  know.  It  is  said 
that  the  interest  in  Spiritualism  among  its  members  weakened 
it.  The  fact  probably  is  that  in  those  days  people  who  were  not 
orthodox,  and  were  not  held  in  the  church  for  the  same  reason 
that  orthodox  people  were  held  in  the  church,  did  not  think  it 
necessary  to  den>'  themselves  in  order  to  keep  up  their  organi- 
zation. 


CHAPTER  XLVIII.— XEWTOX. 

Xewtox   F.4iLs. — "PricETOwx." — Jesse  Halliday. — Dk.   Brox- 

sox. — Xewtox  Falls  ^'illage. — Schools. — 

Chvrch   Orgax-^izatioxs. 

.In  the  early  history  of  Trumbnll  Connt.y,  Xewton  township 
3.  range  5,  i^layecl  an  important  part.  In  fact,  at  one  time,  the 
place  now  known  as  "Xewton  Falls"  bid  fair  to  rival  Warren. 
Because  of  the  water  power,  many  residents  of  Trumbull  County 
took  their  business  there,  although  a  goodly  number  of  them 
later  returned  to  Warren.  In  1802  Alexander  Sutherland,  from 
Pemisylvania,  settled  on  Duck  Creek,  at  the  place  later  known 
as  "Duck  Creek  Corners."  His  wife  and  infant  daughter  were 
with  him.  He  stuck  some  posts  in  the  ground,  covered  the  sides 
with  bark,  and  used  quilts  for  doors.  About  that  same  time 
came  Ezekial  Hover.  He  and  Mr.  Sutherland  made  the  tirst 
path  to  the  mill  at  Youngsto'^ai.  Mr.  Sutherland  was  an  influ- 
ential person  in  the  community  after  the  settlement  was  made. 
He  was  county  recorder  for  several  years.  His  son  James 
carried  the  mail  from  Warren  to  Canton  when  there  was  no 
house  between  his  father's  and  Warren.  Many  a  night  has  this 
lad  trudged  through  the  woods  until  almost  morning,  carrying 
in  a  handkerchief  the  little  mail  for  the  settlers  of  Xewton 
township. 

Jesse  Halliday,  the  father  of  ]\[rs.  King  and  Mrs.  D.  B. 
Woods,  in  1803,  paddled  a  canoe  from  Warren  up  the  south  line 
of  Xewton.  He  went  agroi;nd  in  the  rapids  near  Xewton,  and 
decided  that  if  there  was  that  much  force  in  the  water,  it  was  a 
good  place  to  stop  and  build  a  mill.  He  therefore  put  up  a  little 
shanty  and  the  next  year  his  mill  was  going.  A  few  months  later 
a  road  was  opened  to  Warren  liy  way  of  the  Ledge.  This  is  the 
spot  which  was  afterwards  known  as  ''Price's  Mills,"  or  "Price- 
town."  It  was  named  for  the  Price  family.  Mrs.  Dr.  Tod  was 
a  Miss  Price,  and  consequently  Mrs.  S.  L.  Freeman,  Mrs.  J.  B. 
Perkins,  Mrs.  G.  B.  Hucke,  Mrs.  MeConnell,  and  Mrs.  Jane  T. 

SS7 


558  HISTOEY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

Eatliff  were  bis  gTancldaugliters.  Charles  Tod  aud  Mrs.  Ratliff 
are  the  two  of  this  family  now  living  in  Newton  Falls.  Later, 
the  name  of  Pricetown  became  Calender's  Mills.  This  original 
mill  of  Mr.  Halliday  was  a  crude  affair,  and  if  tbe  water  was 
low,  it  would  not  work,  so  tbe  people  of  Newton  went  to  Garrets- 
ville  for  their  "grist."  However,  Mr.  Halliday's  judginent  was 
good,  because  with  new  machinery  and  improvements  of  all 
kinds  this  was  a  business  center  for  many  years  afterwards. 

Jesse  Halliday  and  wife,  Sarah  Hover  (who  was  a  daughter 
of  Emanuel  Hover,  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war),  came 
to  Warren  in  1800.  He  kept  a  tavern  on  Main  street  and  owned 
a  great  deal  of  land  in  that  vicinity.  The  Indians  made  his 
tavern  their  stopping  place  when  coming  to  Warren  to  buy  and 
trade,  and  be  bad  much  influence  over  them.  After  a  few  years 
be  built  a  new  tavern,  which  bad  the  tirst  brick  chimney  in 
"Warren.  He  had  a  lax'ge  family,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  Cynthia, 
tbe  oldest,  bora  in  1803,  married  Walter  King,  a  jeweler  of 
Warren,  and  was  a  lifelong  resident  of  that  town,  dying  at  tbe 
age  of  96.  Phebe  Halliday  married  Dr.  D.  B.  Woods,  a  promi- 
nent physician  and  lifelong  resident  of  Warren,  and  both  are 
dead.  Lucy  Ann  married  a  Mr.  Black,  Hover  Halliday  died  in 
Detroit  a  nimiber  of  years  ago,  and  Jesse  Halliday,  Jr.,  was 
killed  in  tbe  War  of  1848  with  Mexico. 

In  180-i  Mr.  Kale,  Nathaniel  and  William  Staley,  aud  Daniel 
Dull,  settled  in  this  vicinity,  as  did  Manuel  Hover  and  Charles 
Adgate.  In  1805  Isaac  Hudson  settled  on  what  was  known  as 
"Kale  creek,"  while  in  1811  came  John  Hudson,  and  in  1814  Dr. 
Tracy  Bronson.  He  immediately  began  practicing.  Before  this 
tbe  people  of  this  settlement  bad  dejiended  upon  the  doctors  in 
Warren.  Dr.  Bronson  was  born  in  ]\Iiddlebury,  Connecticut. 
He  graduated  from  tbe  medical  department  of  Yale  College  in 
1813.  In  other  parts  of  this  work  we  have  told  of  the  Freeman 
family,  of  Braeeville  and  Warren,  and  it  was  into  this  family 
that  Dr.  Bronson  married,  his  wife  being  Mary,  tbe  daughter  of 
Robert.  She  died  in  1833,  and  the  next  year  he  married  Sarah 
Stanwood,  who  lived  until  3866.  He  served  three  times  in  tbe 
Ohio  legislati;re,  and  in  1840  was  a  member  of  tbe  "\^niig  national 
convention,  which  nominated  William  Hemy  Harrison  for 
president. 

The  best  known  }nembers  of  tbe  Bronson  family  was  Will- 
iam, tbe  youngest  son  of  Mary  Freeman  Bronson.  He  was 
brought  up  on  the  farm,  but  spent  some  time  in  surveying  when 


iilSTOlJY  OF  Ti;i':\[BrLT.  COTXTY  ooO 

the  Mahoning  Railroad  ^Yas  Imilt.  lie  had  a  nuniljer  of  children. 
One  bearing  the  name  of  Freeman  died  at  the  age  of  two  years. 
For  fifteen  years  William  Bronson  was  justice  of  the  peace  at 
Xewton,  and  was  twice  elected  commissioner  of  the  county. 

In  lSO(i  Ezekial  Hover  made  the  first  sun'ey  of  the  village 
of  Xewton  Falls,  and  in  1829  Joshua  Ilenshaw  made  a  second 
one.  Because  of  the  influential  family,  the  DuBois,  it  was  pro- 
posed to  call  it  "DuBoisville."  In  1807  John  Lane  built  a  house 
there,  and  in  1808  Bildad  Hine  and  family  came  from  Connecti- 
ciit.  In  1808  Mr.  Cantield  and  Harmon  Buggies  built  a  sawmill 
where  later  the  woolen  factory  stood,  and  in  1811  a  grist  mill 
was  started  there.  It  was  burned  doT\Ti  in  1817  by  a  drunken 
man,  wJio  took  lodging  in  it.  It  would  be  well  worth  some 
student's  time  to  go  to  the  old  papers  and  books  which  have  been 
read  by  the  author  of  this  history  and  note  how  many  lives, 
how  many  buildings,  how  many  limbs,  were  sacritieed  to  men 
made  irresponsible  by  alcohol.  Few  people  thought  of  it  then, 
but  we  think  of  it  now.  This  mill  of  Mr.  Cantield 's  was  not  re- 
built by  him,  but  in  1829  Horace  and  Augustus  Stevens  i3ut  up 
a  mill  there  and  for  many  years  they  had  a  large  list  of  custom- 
ers aud  did  most  excellent  work. 

Benjamin  B.  Yale  was  one  of  the  best  millwrights  of  the 
county.  He  worked  in  Braceville,  at  these  Newton  Falls  mills, 
first  for  Cantield  &  Buggies,  second  for  Cantield  and  Gillson; 
aud  later  for  John  Lane. 

The  first  male  child  born  in  the  township  was  X^oah 
Dull;  the  first  female,  Elsie  Sutherland. 

Thomas  McCay  aud  Polly  Moore  were  the  first  couple 
married. 

The  first  death  was  a  child  of  Peter  Deeoursey. 

The  first  sermon  was  preached  in  1808  by  Eev.  James 
Boyd. 

The  first  justice  of  the  peace  in  X'ewton  Falls  was  Ben- 
jamin Davison;  the  first  in  the  township,  Stephen  Oviatt. 

The  first  church  erected  was  at  Xewton  Falls  in  1837. 

First  mill,  built  by  Jesse  Halliday,  1807. 

The  first  bridge  was  built  in  1813  over  the  west  lirauch 
of  the  river. 

The  first  burying  ground  was  donated  by  Bildad  Hine 
and  Jonathan  Jacobs,  and  the  first  interment  there  was 
Captain  Reuben  Bostick,  brother-in-law  of  Mr.  Hine. 


560  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

The  Indians  were  not  only  early  around  Newton  township 
but  they  stayed  there  longer  than  in  many  of  the  other  town- 
ships. This  was  undoul)tedly  because  of  the  condition  of  the 
river,  and  the  hunting  in  that  vicinity,  and  because  it  was  on  the 
road  to  Salt  Springs.  They  were  sometimes  troublesome,  but 
usually  could  be  managed,  unless  they  had  too  much  "firewater." 
It  is  supposed  that  this  locality  for  many  years  had  been  their 
camping  ground,  because  near  where  the  Porter  Flour  Mill 
stood  for  many  years,  and  where  picnics  and  other  outings  were 
held,  was  a  large  body  of  stone,  overgrown  with  grass  and  small 
trees,  which  at  the  time  of  the  excavation  for  the  canal  proved  to 
be  an  Indian  l)urying  place. 

Newton  Falls  was  incorporated  as  a  village  in  1872  by  T.  I. 
Gillmer,  J.  N.  Ensign,  W.  L.  Hosier  and  C.  G.  Graham.  The 
first  election  was  held  in  1872,  the  trustees  being  Lyman  T. 
Soule,  Henry  Tayler,  James  F.  Porter.  H.  S.  Robbins  was  mar- 
shal; C.  G.  Graham,  clerk  and  treasurer. 

Newton  Falls,  as  we  have  seen,  in  the  early  days,  was  a 
business  center.  It  then  declined,  but  just  now  is  attracting  a 
good  deal  of  attention  because  the  Hydro-Electric  &:  Gas  Com- 
pany has  bought  the  mill  sites  and  erected  thereon  plants  from 
which  power  will  be  used  to  generate  electricity  which  will  be 
sold  to  cities,  villages,  and  individuals  down  the  valley.  Then, 
too,  of  late,  the  B.  &  0.  Railroad  has  shortened  its  route  between 
Youngstown  and  Akron,  not  running  its  main  line  into  Warren, 
so  tliat  i)assengers  from  Warren  and  vicinity  must  come  to 
Newton  on  the  branch,  if  they  are  to  use  this  line. 

Among  the  best  known  of  the  residents  of  Newton  Falls 
was  John  Beaver,  whose  biography  is  given  in  the  chapter  on 
the  Bencli  and  Bar.  Judge  T.  I.  Gillmer  and  T.  H.  Gillmer  were 
born  and  spent  their  early  lives  in  Newton.  They  are  also  re- 
ferred to  in  the  same  chapter. 

James  F.  Porter,  with  his  sons,  were  among  the  business 
men  of  Newton.  They  were  all  greatly  respected  by  Tiaunbull 
County  residents. 

The  first  school  at  Duck  Creek  was  held  in  a  log  house  which 
stood  near  the  sawmill.  Its  chimney  was  of  stone  and  an  im- 
provement over  the  first  chimneys  of  sticks  and  mud.  There 
were  no  windows  except  holes  in  the  logs,  and  the  seats  were, 
as  usual,  of  logs.  The  first  teacher  was  a  young  man  named 
Brooks. 

The  first  school  of  which  there  is  any  record,  in  the  village 


ir[S^TOi;V  OF  TIU'.AIIU/LL  CorXTV  fifil 

of  Newton  Falls,  was  in  1812.  Miss  Draper  was  tlie  teacher. 
"Hon.  Eben  Newton,  then  a  beardless  boy,  gave  young  America 
a  winter's  training  in  this  school."  The  schoolhouse  in  which 
he  taught  stood  on  the  spot  where  the  south  warehouse  was  for 
so  long.  Schoolhouses  began  about  this  time  to  appear  in  differ- 
ent ijarts  of  the  township,  but  there  is  little  or  no  record  kept 
of  them  or  their  teachers. 

The  high  school  and  then  the  union  school  were  established 
at  Newton,  and  this  institution  has  always  had  a  good  standing 
in  Trumljull  County  and  vicinity.  Among  the  later  teachers  were 
the  late  Judge  E.  E.  Eoberts  and  T.  H.  Gillmer.  The  latter  has 
always  lieen  interested  in  schools,  being  the  present  president  of 
the  Warren  city  board  of  education.  When  the  hardships  of  the 
scholars  in  the  AVarren  schools  are  lirought  to  his  attention,  he 
either  smiles  or  narrates  some  of  his  experiences.  In  his  day 
lessons  were  learned  by  heart,  and  he  can  now  recite  pages 
which  he  admits  he  hated  to  learn,  but  wliicli  he  declares  he  has 
Iteen  able  to  iise  in  many  ways.  When  pupils  are  given  a  slight 
shake,  now-a-days.  or  a  gentle  reprimand  he  calls  attention  to 
the  fact  that  his  punishment  was  being  made  to  squat  under  the 
table  with  his  head  against  the  luider  side,  where  he  was  not 
allowed  either  to  lineel  down  or  straighten  up.  He  says  he  can 
feel  his  back  ache  now  when  he  thinks  of  it.  No  wonder  that  a 
frown  or  the  shake  of  a  head  seems  slight  discipline  to  him. 

The  first  church  organization  in  Newton  Falls  was  the  Asso- 
ciate Reformed.  This  society  long  since  ceased  to  exist.  The 
T'aptists  also  occupied  the  liouse  formerly  used  by  this  church, 
lint  they  have  disappeared.  The  Episcoi>aliaus  held  services 
here,  and  Mr.  DuBois,  whose  work  is  described  in  the  chapter  on 
the  Episcopal  church  of  Warren,  at  one  time  lived  here,  and 
was  pastor  of  this  church.  M;niy  of  the  members  of  this  Epis- 
copal church  moved  back  to  A\'arr('ii,  or  elsewhere,  and  the  or- 
ganization finally  ceased  to  exist. 

Mr.  A.  S.  Tayler,  clerk  of  the  (.'hi-istian  churcli,  is  authority 
for  the  following:  "The  Christian  church  at  Newton  Falls 
(then  called  Disciple)  was  first  organized  as  a  Bai)tist  church  in 
1820.  It  was  reorganized  as  a  Christian  church.  March  12, 
1828,  at  Braceville.  It  had  twenty-seven  memliers,  and  is  said 
to  have  been  the  first  church  on  the  Western  Reserve  to  adopt 
the  Holy  Scripture  as  the  only  rule  of  faith  and  practice.  Wor- 
ship was  liad  in  the  schoolhouses  until  1839,  when  a  new  house 
was  erected  in  Newton  Falls,  near  the  graveyard,  where  services 


5R'3  HISTORY  OF  TKr:\IBULL  COUNTY 

were  held  imtil  June  21,  1908.  Among  the  preachers  were 
Marcus  Bosworth,  John  T.  Smith,  Harvey  Brockett,  John 
Parker,  Charles  McDongle,  Moses  Warreu,  E.  H.  Hawle}-,  Leon- 
ard Southmade,  A.  S.  Hayden,  H.  W.  Everest,  J.  H.  Roads. 
Methias  Christv,  J.  N.  Smith,  A.  W.  Ohls,  0.  C.  Atwater,  H.  D. 
Carlton,  W.  0.  More,  D.  P.  Thayer,  D.  J.  White,  0.  A.  Richards, 
M.  J.  Gradle,  C.  M.  Keene,  George  Musson,  D.  R.  Moss,  F.  A. 
Nichols,  E.  B.  AVakefield,  G.  P.  Simons,  Judson  H.  Ladd,  J.  C. 
Archer,  and  C.  B.  Stevens,  the  present  pastor.  The  present 
officers  of  the  church  are:  Elders,  A.  S.  Tayler,  D.  J.  AATiite, 
C.  E.  Penton,  C.  W.  Smith ;  deacons,  L.  L.  Robbins,  T.  J.  Morris, 
Henry  Harnar,  W.  A.  Davis,  James  Hoffman,  C.  H.  Hemar, 
E.  W.  McClure,  John  Hook;  financial  secretary,  M.  F.  Hudson; 
treasurer,  C.  W.  Smith;  clei'k,  A.  S.  Tayler.  The  number  of 
members,  325." 

The  Baptists  had  an  organization  as  early  as  1820.  Thomas 
Miller  was  the  preacher,  and  most  of  the  meetings  were  held  at 
the  house  of  Benoni  Johnson,  in  Braceville.  Here  Marcus  Bos- 
worth and  his  wife  were  baptized.  ^Marcus  Bosworth  was  the 
early  deacon;  he  was  also  the  recognized  leader  of  the  church, 
and,  as  we  have  noted,  became  one  of  the  most  efficient  members. 
AA^ien  the  other  Baptist  churches  of  the  county  became  interested 
in  the  teachings  of  Campbell,  Rev.  Jacob  Osborne  reorganized 
the  church,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Tayler. 

In  1836  Rev.  John  Treat  preached  to  a  number  of  people 
gathered  in  the  house  of  Horace  Stevens.  It  was  decided  then 
to  organize  a  Presbyterian  church  of  the  congregational  form. 
This  was  done  December  ■4th  of  the  same  year,  and  the  "Church 
of  Jesus  Christ"  was  the  name  given  it.  Joseph  Treat  and 
Chapin  Clark  were  the  first  ministers.  Among  the  early  mem- 
bers were  Hiram  and  Martha  Hiuman,  Luther  Lyman,  John 
Payne,  Amelia  and  ]\lartha  Beebe,  Lucy  Babbitt,  Amelia  Stevens, 
also  Horace  Stevens,  Reuben  Babbitt,  Henry  Hudson.  Emily 
Lyman,  Susan  and  Margaret  Patterson.  After  this  organization 
the  first  iniblic  worship  was  had  December  15th  and  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Clark  preached  the  sermon.  In  1840  preparations  were 
made  for  building  a  house  of  worship.  It  was  erected  on  the  lot 
then  owned  by  Isaac  Stanley  and  is  still  standing.  Professor 
Day,  of  the  AVestern  Reserve  College,  preached  the  dedicatory 
sermon  in  1842.  Robert  C.  Leonard  and  Daniel  Emmerson  were 
among  the  early  ministers.  At  that  time,  the  church  officials 
decided  not  to  allow  any  shows,  "models  of  new  inventions,  ex- 


HISTOKY  OF  TJ!U.AIBT'LL  COUXTV  503 

liibitiou  for  the  purpose  of  .speakiug  dialogues,  t-omedies  or 
orations"  or  to  allow  any  kind  of  decorations  wliioli  would  take 
the  minds  of  the  people  from  the  service.  It  was  also  required 
that  three-fourths  of  the  denomination  must  vote  in  favor  l)efore 
a  political  meeting  could  be  held  there.  In  1S6S  the  form  of 
church  organization  was  changed  to  Presbyterian.  In  18711  the 
rules  governing  the-  Congregational  church  were  adojited.  and 
were  holding  good  when  the  last  information  was  received  in 
regard  to  it. 

The  Metiiodist  church  was  organized  in  1837  with  the  follow- 
ing members:  "AYilliam  Earle  and  wife,  Widow  Harris,  Mrs. 
John  Hudson,  and  three  others."  The  Rev  Arthur  M.  Brown 
and  E.  J.  L.  Baker  were  the  ministers  who  assisted.  The  next 
winter,  a  protracted  meeting  was  held  in  the  Disciple  church,  a 
number  of  converts  being  made.  Eighty  persons  were  added  to 
the  church  in  1840  through  the  efforts  of  Lorenzo  Rodgers  and 
John  Roberts.  The  church  building  was  erected  in  1843.  Usu- 
ally the  minister  who  sei-A'ed  Braceville  served  Newton  Falls  as 
well,  until  1875.  In  that  year  the  Xewton  church  was  separated 
from  Braceville  and  it  had  a  membership  of  forty-six.  The 
present  building  was  erected  in  1904-05  and  cost  about  $12,000. 
It  was  dedicated  on  February  12,  1905.  In  1887  a  fine  parsonage 
was  built,  costing  about  $1,800. 

List  of  pastors  who  served  Xewton  Falls  church:  E.  J.  L. 
Baker,  183G;  A.  M.  Brown,  1836-37;  John  Crum,  1837;  Ira  Eddv, 
1838;  R.  J.  8il»ley.  1838;  B.  ().  Plimpton,  1838;  J.  W.  Davis, 
1839;  Aurora  Cal'lender,  1840;  P.  I).  Morton,  1840;  James  Gill- 
more,  1841;  R.  M.  Bear,  1841;  T.  B.  Tate,  1842;  Lorenzo  Rodg- 
ers, 1842-43;  W.  W.  Maltby,  1843;  Stephen  Heard,  1844;  J.  J. 
Steadman,  1844;  Lewis  Clark,  1845;  J.  W.  Lowe,  1846;  E.  B. 
Lane,  1847-48;  Milo  Butler,  1849-50;  J.  M.  Plant,  1851;  H.  ^\. 
Loud,  1852:  A.  M.  Brown,  1853-54;  R.  W.  Crane,  1855;  J.  H. 
Tagg,  1856-57;  G.  W.  Chesbro,  1858;  J.  H.  Hallock,  1859-60; 
H.  P.  Henderson,  1861-62;  J.  B.  Grover,  1863-64;  John  Graham, 
1865;  H.  M.  Chamberlain,  1866;  Hiram  Kellogg,  1867;  E.  D. 
McCreary,  1868;  C.  C.  Hunt,  1869;  J.  R.  Shaffer,  1870;  X.  C. 
Brown,  1871-72;  C.  V.  Wilson,  1873-75;  J.  H.  Starret,  1876; 
W.  A.  Clark.  1877 ;  E.  P.  Edmonds,  1878 ;  W.  L.  Davidson,  1879 ; 
John  Tribbv,  1880;  J.  J.  Wallace,  1881-82;  Samuel  Crouse,  1883; 
E.  B.  Lewis,  1884;  J.  R.  Jacobs,  1885-86;  I.  J.  Harris.  1887-89; 
I.  C.  Paugh,  1890;  E.  E.  Whittaker,  1891-92;  W.  X.  Webster, 


564  IIISTOUY  OF  TKr:\rBrLL  corxTY 

lS93-9ri;  J.  A.  Wright,  1S97;  E.  ^\.  Gardner.  1898-1901;  E.  AV. 
Wyriek,  1902-05 ;  W.  C.  Cain,  1906-08. 

Henry  "Wilidersou,  who  united  with  the  church  in  1840,  and 
J.  X.  Ensign,  in  1842,  both  now  deceased,  were  prominent  and 
active  workers  in  the  cliurch  for  many  years.  The  old  church 
and  property  was  sold  to  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Eailroad  in 
April,  1903,  for  $7,000,  after  which  the  new  church  was  built. 
The  present  officers  are  as  follows:  Eev.  W.  C.  Cain,  pastor; 
C.  F.  Gardner,  treasurer;  T.  A.  Beard,  secretary;  trustees  are 
L.  A.  Bobbins,  David  Beard,  O.  E.  Jones,  H.  P.  Hoover,  W.  A. 
Hindman.  J.  B.  Beard,  P.  B.  Ogan,  Lafayette  Lowry;  stewards 
are  W.  AV.  Klingerman,  Madison  Flohr,  C.  F.  Gardner,  Wade  K. 
Gardner,  T.  A.  Beard,  G.  A.  McMillen,  0.  0.  AYolcott.  Fred  Cory. 

Eev.  F.  C.  Becker,  Eev.  Huet,  and  Eev.  Mahnenschmidt,  in 
the  early  thirties,  ])reached  for  the  German  people  in  Newton. 
These  services  were  held  in  the  schoolhouse,  located  aboiit  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  below  the  center.  The  first  trustees  were 
Leonard  jMiller,  from  the  Lutheran  church ;  Jacob  Feister,  from 
the  German  Eeformed.  The  original  members  were  Jacob  Feis- 
ter, John  Loab,  from  the  German  Eeformed  church;  George, 
Jacob,  and  David  Lougenberger,  Leonard,  Jacob,  and  John 
Miller,  from  the  Lutherans.  AVe  presume  these  men's  wives 
were  members  of  the  church,  and  ])roliably  did  more  praying  and 
adhered  more  closely  to  the  moral  tenets  taught  than  did  their 
lords  and  masters.  But  German  men  of  those  days  loved  their 
fraus  in  their  way.  Init  not  as  equals.  This  church  organi- 
zation built  a  meetinghouse  in  1837,  and  constructed  a  new  one 
in  1850.  Father  Becker  was  an  efficient  pastor  of  this  .church 
for  more  than  fifty  years.  Among  the  ministers  who  preached 
for  the  German  Eeformed  on  alternate  Sundays  were  the  Eevs. 
Mahnenschmidt,  Eahhauser,  Euhl,  Eeuter,  Grether,  Fair,  Per- 
kins, and  Otting. 


CHAPTEK  XLIX.— SOUTHIXGTUX. 

Taxkee  Settlers. — The  XoRTO]sr  Family. — Ax  Uxprofessioxal 

Physiciax. — White. — The   Schools. — Eeligiox 

AXD  Its  Adherents. 

The  owners  of  township  5,  range  5,  were  Messrs.  Bolles. 
Cowles  and  Ely.  Bolles  owned  the  greatest  portion  and  it  was 
known  as  "Bollestown."  "When  the  name  became  Southington, 
or  why,  we  are  unable  to  state.  Physically,  it  is  not  an  attractive 
town.  Lying  at  the  foot  of  the  hills  of  Xelson  and  Hiram,  with 
the  more  picturesque  townships  of  Farmiiigton,  ('hami)ion  and 
Braceville  near  it,  it  sutlers  by  comparison.  Its  soil  is  heavy 
with  clay,  and  towards  the  western  edge  the  pudding  stone 
rock  of  Xelsou  ledge  comes  near  the  surface.  It  is  so  near  the 
county  seat,  has  no  water  to  speak  of,  and  only  one  railroad, 
so  that  it  has  not  groAvn  as  have  most  townships.  However, 
its  people  are  prosperous,  and  in  reading  the  history  of  the 
early  times  and  in  interviewing  old  inhabitants  we  iind  that  the 
descendants  of  those  who  tirst  came  are  the  leading  citizens. 

The  first  settlement  was  made  in  1805,  and  the  townshiji 
was  organized  into  election  districts  in  1817.  The  first  families 
were  pure  Yankees,  most  of  them  coming  from  Litchtield  county, 
Connecticut. 

In  1805  Luke  Yiets  and  his  wife ;  James  Chalker,  wife  and 
two  children ;  Benjamin  and  David  Yiets ;  Boderick  and  Horace 
Xorton,  came  in  ox  wagons  and  liad  the  usual  ex])erieuce  of  the 
pioneer. 

James  Xntt,  a  young  man  who  followed  soon  the  party  of 
1805,  married  Polly  Yiets.  He  was  the  first  .I'ustice  of  the  town- 
shi]!.  and  their  wedding  was  the  first  one  celebrated. 

Edmund,  the  son  of  James  Chalker,  was  the  iirst  child  born 
in  Southington,  and  as  he  lived  but  a  year  and  a  half,  his  death 
was  the  first. 

In  1810  Roderick  Xorton  went  to  Connecticut,  and  returned 
565 


5G6  HISTOEY  OF  TIU'MBULL  COUXTY 

iu  the  fall  with  his  bride,  Olive  Aliller.  AVhether  it  took  him  all 
summer  to  i^ersuade  her  to  take  up  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life 
we  do  not  know,  l)iit  that  he  and  she  spent  six  weeks  on  their 
wedding  journey,  and  that  she  was  quite  contented  in  their  new 
home  is  certain.  Their  oldest  son.  Homer,  lived  until  1896. 
His  house  stood  upon  the  identical  spot  where  his  father,  Rode- 
rick, burned  his  first  brush  lieap  in  1805. 

During  the  war  of  1811',  when  Homer  was  a  little  fellow, 
and  there  was  a  younger  baby,  Mrs.  Norton  spent  the  winter 
in  a  log  cabin  in  this  Southington  wilderness,  a  half  a  mile 
away  from  the  nearest  cabin.  At  that  time  her  only  comfort 
was  a  faithful  dog.  She  feared  both  wild  animals  and  Indians, 
and  she  often  burned  powder,  letting  the  fumes  go  through  the 
chincks  in  her  cabin,  to  scare  away  the  wolves.  She  had  nothing 
with  which  to  scare  the  Indians,  who,  fortunately,  did  not 
molest  her. 

Each  township  in  the  beginning  had  some  women  who  acted 
as  doctor  or  nurse,  and  Mrs.  Norton  was  that  woman  for  South- 
ington.  She  would  go  at  all  times  of  day  or  night  to  any  point 
where  she  was  needed  or  sent  for,  and  she  alleviated  a  great 
deal  of  pain  and  shared  in  many  sorrows.  She  reared  three 
sons,  two  of  whom  are  ministers,  one  a  lawyer,  and  six  daugh- 
ters. Possibly  she  did  not  realize  how  little  there  was  in  old 
Trumbull  County  before  she  came  here,  for  she  brought  her 
church  letter  with  her,  and  there  was  no  church  to  join.  Her 
two  youngest  children  were  twins,  Mary  and  Martha.  The  latter 
married  Charles  Wannamaker,  and  had  the  original  deed  of  the 
land  for  the  cemetery  at  the  center.  This  land  was  bought  of 
Joseph  and  Catherine  Rice  for  the  sum  of  $13.75.  It  was 
thought  instead  of  taxing  the  residents  that  a  subscription  list 
better  be  circulated.  The  persons  signing  this  paper  are  as  fol- 
lows: Roderick  Norton,  50  cents;  Leonard  Osborn,  25  cents; 
Joshua  Osborn,  50  cents;  Horace  Norton,  25  cents;  Milton 
( )sborn.  25  cents ;  Eberander  Crotford,  50  cents ;  Isaac  Hurd, 
25  cents;  Ira  Rose,  25  cents;  Seth  Hurd,  50  cents;  Gilbert 
Osborn,  25  cents ;  Stephen  Osborn,  25  cents ;  Stei^hen  Crofford, 
50  cents;  Chauncey  Taft,  30  cents;  Comfort  Hurd,  50  cents; 
James  Chalker,  50  cents ;  Chauncey  Curtis,  50  cents ;  Daniel 
Maltbie,  30  cents;  Luke  Viets,  50  cents.  The  trustees  were 
Roderick  Norton,  James  Hatch  and  Comfort  Hurd. 

Roderick  Norton's  sons,  Albert  and  Roderick  Jr.,  were 
Methodist  ministers,  while  his  daughter  Hannah  married  the 


HISTOEY  OF  TRmiBULL  COr^'TY  567 

Rev.  "William  S.  Poud.  Homer,  above  referred  to,  the  oldest 
child,  was  greatly  attached  to  his  mother,  and  from  her  received 
his  first  education.  Wlien  he  was  sixteen  years  old  he  had  a 
severe  illness  which  affected  one  of  his  legs  and  made  him 
permanently  lame  and  unable  to  do  hard  work.  Knowing  he 
must  have  some  trade  or  i:)rofession,  he  learned  to  make  shoes. 
He  worked  at  this  some  time  in  different  towns,  and  finally  deter- 
mined upon  having  an  education.  He  went  to  the  West  Farm- 
ington  Seminary,  later  took  writing  lessons  of  ^Ir.  Spencer,  the 
originator  of  the  Spencerian  method,  and  became  so  i^roficient 
in  this  art  that  he  taught  in  several  towns  in  Trumbull  County 
and  was  one  of  the  first  teachers  of  this  system.  He  not  only 
taught  in  this  vicinity,  but  in  Indiana  and  other  states  as  well, 
and  one  time,  when  at  Fort  Wayne,  he  had  saved  $100  from  his 
teaching,  and  with  this,  togetlier  with  his  horse  and  some  other 
things,  he  bought  land  in  DeKalb  county  and  Lagrange.  These 
investments  proved  profitable.  After  this  he  again  went  to 
AVestern  Eeserve  Seminary,  and  to  Allegheny  College;  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace,  and  finally  became  a  lawyer.  He 
married  Emma,  a  daughter  of  Jonas  Bond,  of  Euidburg,  whose 
brother  was  at  one  time  mayor  of  Chicago.  Tliej'  had  eight 
children,  and  accumulated  a  goodly  property. 

The  first  of  the  Hurd  family,  Seth,  his  wife,  Tliankful,  and 
nine  children,  some  of  whom  had  the  old  fashioned  names  of 
Joy,  Comfort  and  Freedom,  came  to  Southiugton  in  1808. 

Mrs.  Hurd  took  Mrs.  Norton's  place  as  town  nurse  and 
unjn-ofessioual  physician.  The  story  is  told  that  the  youngest 
son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hurd,  Isaac,  married  Lucretia  Viets  and 
that  they  supposed  of  course  they  could  live  with  the  old  people 
through  the  winter.  But  the  independent  Mrs.  Hurd  said, 
"When  bees  swarm  they  must  take  another  hive,"  so  young 
Isaac  and  Lucretia,  with  the  help  of  neighbors,  got  together  a 
roughly  built  cabin,  and  she  went  into  the  woods  near  at  hand 
and  gathered  moss  with  which  she  filled  the  crevices.  They 
prospered  through  their  intelligence  and  industry,  and  their 
hospitable  home  had  many  guests.  Here  the  Methodist  min- 
isters on  their  circuit  were  apt  to  stop,  and  those  old  Methodist 
ministers,  whose  hardships  were  plenty,  occasionally  stayed  a 
few  days  over  time  in  such  comfortable  homes  as  the  Hurds'. 
They  had  four  sons  and  one  daughter,  and  their  youngest  son, 
Frank,  for  many  years  owned  the  land  which  his  ancestors 
bought  from  the  Connecticut  Company. 


5(38  HISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COrXTY 

It  is  recorded  of  Mrs.  Comfort  Hurd  that  she  had  many 
adveutures  peculiar  to  the  early  pioneer  life.  Once  she  and  her 
sister,  Mrs.  Joy  Hurd,  were  gathering  berries,  when  they  came 
upon  a  bear.  Pretending  not  to  see  him,  they  walked  in  the 
opposite  direction  and  were  not  hamied.  Another  time,  when 
she  was  on  her  way  home  from  school  (she  was  a  teacher)  she 
got  lost  in  the  woods  and  had  to  stay  there  all  night,  her  only 
companion  being  her  horse. 

In  the  fall  of  1808  Elisha  Bronson,  Joseph  Eice  and  Henry 
"White  came  from  Connecticut.  A  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Bronson  was  the  second  white  girl  born  in  Southing-ton.  Her 
name  was  Lovisa  and  she  married  Henry  Joy,  and  both  of  them 
lived  to  good  old  age.  The  Bronsons  had  a  goodly  family  of 
children,  and  so  did  their  children,  so  they  have  many  descend- 
ants in  this  township.  One  of  these,  Mrs.  Lydia  N.  Bronson, 
eighty-live  years  old,  has  just  celebrated  her  birthday. 

Mary  E.  Hurd,  who  pi-epared  the  chapter  on  "Pioneer 
Women,"  at  the  tune  of  the  Cleveland  centennial  says  that 
Wealthy  Bronson  Fishel  had  ten  children  and  that  while  her 
husband  and  her  oldest  son  were  in  the  war  of  the  Eebellion 
she  took  care  of  seven  younger  children,  worked  one  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  of  land,  broke  and  drove  colts,  hauled  wood, 
went  to  mill,  etc.  At  the  time  of  the  writing  she  could  walk 
four  miles  without  any  fatigue. 

Mrs.  Hurd  is  also  authority  for  the  statement  that  one 
night  when  Mr.  Lewis  Yiets  was  away  and  Mrs.  Viets  and  their 
little  son  were  alone,  a  wolf  came  and  stuck  its  nose  imder  the 
blanket.  Mrs.  Yiets  decided  instead  of  being  frightened  herself 
to  frighten  the  wolf,  so  hurled  a  fire-brand  at  it.  with  the  desired 
effect. 

She  also  says  that  there  were  so  few  dishes  and  implements 
iu  that  township,  and  so  many  children,  that  the  son  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Horace  Norton  used  a  liroken  knife  and  a  shoemaker's  ■ 
awl 'to  eat  his  meals. 

The  family  of  Benjamin  Hobart,  who  came  to  Southiugton 
in  1830,  were  members  of  the  same  family  as  Yice  President 
Hobart.    They  had  the  same  great-grandfather. 

Among  the  later  responsible  families  of  Southiugton  is  that 
of  the  Thorpes.  Many  of  their  descendants  have  been  pros- 
perous and  well  educated. 

There  has  been  a  great  deal  said  in  the  different  chapters 
about  people  making  trips  back  and  forth  to  Connecticut,  but  so 


HISTOllY  OF  TJIUMBII.L  fOlWTY  5G<J 

far  as  we  know,  Demiis  "White,  of  Houthingtou,  made  a  greater 
uiim))er  of  trips  than  any  of  the  early  settlers.  He  went  seven- 
teen times  to  Connecticut,  traveling  nearly  every  time  on  foot. 
His  wife,  Lydia,  of  course  had  unusual  cares  during  his  absence, 
but  she  had  time  to  study  and  think,  and  she  was  the  first  tem- 
perance woman  in  Southington.  The  story  told  here  is  about 
the  same  story  as  we  have  told  in  other  townships  about  tlu' 
raising  of  liuildings  by  the  first  temperance  people,  who  refused 
whiskey.  In  most  cases  the  men  refused  to  raise,  and  old  men 
and  young  l)oys  took  their  places.  In  one  case  women  raised  the 
building.  But  in  this  case  the  men  did  it  themselves,  grnml)ling 
all  the  time,  however,  at  having  to  do  without  their  grog. 

It  is  said  that  Mr.  Rufus  Rice  attempted  to  follow  llie 
example  of  ^Ir.  and  ]\Irs.  "White,  but  the  men  in  the  crowd 
opposed  to  temperance  held  down  on  the  beams  instead  of  up, 
and  it  looked  for  a  time  as  if  the  building  would  not  be  raised 
Finally  the  temperance  men  seemed  to  be  strongest,  and  when 
they  really  showed  what  they  could  do,  the  opj^osers  decided 
to  help. 

Southiugton,  like  toAvnships  in  the  lower  part  of  the  county. 
had  a  goodly  number  of  Pennsylvania  Dutch  families  among 
the  settlers.  They  arrived  early  in  the  '30s  and  proved  to  be 
substantial  citizens.  Many  of  their  descentlants,  the  Hoffmans. 
Brobst,  Stroup,  Stocks,  etc.,  are  substantial  citizens  of  the 
township.  ♦ 

The  townshijis  near  the  county  seat  have  naturally  not 
grown  as  much  as  those  further  away.  Southiugton  has  been 
a  rural  community  always.  It  has  one  railroad  station,  and  in 
the  years  past  a  great  deal  of  cheese  was  made  here.  Just  now 
the  best  strawberries  that  are  brought  to  the  Warren  market 
come  from  this  township. 

The  first  school  in  Southiugton  was  held  in  a  dwelling  a1)out 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  south  of  the  center.  James  Nutt  was 
the  first  teacher,  beginning  his  labors  about  1814.  AVilliam 
Knowlton  early  taught  here.  The  first  building  which  was 
erected  for  school  purposes  exclusively  was  east  of  the  center. 
It  was  built  of  logs.  Afterwards  a  brick  schoolhouse  stood 
on  this  spot.  This  is  no  longer  in  existence.  In  182-t  a  sub- 
scription paper  was  circulated  to  obtain  money  for  the  erection 
of  a  school  building.  It  was  then  stated  that  the  Imilding  must 
stand  at  the  center,  or  "at  the  corner  of  lots  east  of  Asa 
Waldron's."    Not  enough  money  was  raised  at  that  time,  and 


370  HISTOllY  OF  TlU'ilBULL  COUXTY 

another  paper  was  circulated.  But  eveu  this  failed  to  bring 
about  the  desired  result.  Because  of  this  agitation,  the  school- 
house  above  referred  to,  having  been  built  in  1825,  was  erected. 
As  we  have  seen,  at  a  very  early  date  the  schools  of  Warren 
were  exceedingly  good,  and  also  at  an  early  date  the  West 
Farmington  Seminary  was  established.  At  a  later  date  the 
Garrettsville  high  school,  quite  near  at  hand,  and  Hiram  College 
but  ten  miles  away,  made  it  unnecessary  for  Southington  people 
to  establish  schools  of  their  own,  as  many  isolated  townshii^s 
did.  The  district  schools,  however,  were  well  conducted,  and 
the  pupils  well  ])repared  to  enter  the  schools  above  named. 

About  1805  James  Chalker  Sr.,  his  wife  and  son,  together 
with  Eoderick  Norton  and  Luke  Viets,  with  their  wives  (these 
men  were  his  brothers-in-law)  located  in  Southington  a  little 
west  of  the  center.  They  had  come  from  Connecticut  and 
stopped  en  route.  They  had  nine  sons  and  four  daughters,  most 
of  whom  settled  in  Southington  and  Nelson.  Newton  was  the 
third  son  of  James  Jr.  His  mother  was  Eliza  Hyde,  of  Farm- 
ington. From  his  youth  he  was  interested  in  education.  sti;died 
and  taught  by  turns,  and  when  he  became  a  lawyer  and  moved 
to  Akron,  he  decided  to  give  to  Southington  what  it  had  never 
had,  a  good  high  school.  He  therefore  erected  the  building, 
a  sketch  of  which  is  here  given,  the  lower  room  being  used  for 
the  high  school  and  the  upper  for  the  public  liln-ary  and  audi- 
torium. The  township  of  Southington  then  erected  on  the  same 
lot  another  school  building  for  the  children  of  the  lower  grades. 
These  were  completed  in  1907.  They  stand  at  the  center  of 
Southington  and  are  the  pride  of  the  inhabitants. 

The  first  church  building  in  Southington  was  used  by  the 
Pi'esbyterians,  Baptists  and  ]\Iethodists.  Mr.  Ely  gave  two 
acres  of  land  in  1817,  lying  a  little  north  of  the  center,  for  a 
house  of  public  worship.  He  not  only  gave  the  land,  but  he 
gave  the  glass  and  the  nails.  Presbyterian  missionaries  held 
services  in  Southingion  at  a  very  early  date.  Deacon  Maltbie, 
his  wife,  and  fourteen  children,  were  much  interested  in  these 
meetings,  and  he  was  the  mainstay.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sawyer  and 
David  Hatch  and  wife  were  early  members.  After  using  the 
union  meeting  house  a  building  was  erected  at  the  center,  but 
it  was  abandoned  many  years  ago. 

The  Baptists  in  the  early  days  erected  a  log  house,  where 
the  Presbyterian  house  later  stood,  and  held  meetings  there. 
Later  thev  had  a  house  a  mile  and  a  half  north  of  the  center. 


(Loaned  by  the  Tribune.) 

CHALKER    HIGH    SCHOOL. 


ITTSTORY   OF  TT^r:\ir.rLL  COrXTY  571 

wliicLi  was  afterwards  moved  to  the  northwestern  part  of  the 
township.  Dennis  White,  who  made  the  numerous  trijis  to  Con- 
necticut, was  an  earnest  Bajitist.  After  a  time  this  organiza- 
tion disbanded,  some  going  to  tlic  Metiuxlist  and  some  to  the 
Pisci])les. 

About  ISl'O  a  small  class  of  Methodists  existed  in  South- 
ington.  Tlieir  meetings  were  held  at  tlie  liomes  of  I>ukc  Viets 
and  Joseph  Kice,  and  later  they  held  services  in  tlic  old  brick 
sclioolhouse.  Among  the  first  members  were  James  Sr.,  Orin 
and  Joseph  C'halker,  Sterling  Osborne,  -Joseph  Eice,  James 
Nutt,  Joy,  Comfort  and  Isaac  Hurd,  and  Luke  Viets.  Joseph 
Eice  Avas  the  class  leader.  In  1838  the  neat  and  substantial 
church  at  tiie  center  was  built.  The  circuit  riders  visited  South- 
ington  early  and  often,  and  it  was  largely  through  their  efforts 
that  some  of  the  early  Baptists  came  into  tliis  fold. 

The  Disciple  church,  in  its  organization,  was  not  different 
in  this  township  from  other  townships.  When  Thomas  Camp- 
bell and  Mr.  Scott  and  Mr.  Applegate  were  in  the  vicinity  they 
converted  Samuel  Houghton  and  he  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Camp- 
bell. A  number  of  the  former  Baptists  joined  this  congrega- 
tion and  it  has  grown  steadily  from  that  time  on. 

The  early  (lermans  of  the  townsliip  organized  a  chnrcli  in 
1837.  There  seemed  to  be  less  division  among  the  Southington 
Penusylvania  Dutch  than  those  of  other  townships.  They  built 
a  house  the  year  they  were  organized,  and  this  served  their 
])uri)ose  until  18(i,")  or  '()6,  when  they  erected  another  one  on 
the  site  of  the  old.  Peter  Malmenschmidt  was  the  first  rector  of 
the  EeformedC'ongregation,  and  F.  C.  Becker  of  the  Lutherans. 
Among  the  early  Lutheran  ministers  were  Eevs.  Eauhauser, 
Euhl  and  Zink.  Among  the  Oerman  Eeformed,  Eevs.  Grether, 
Ottiug  and  Eughurst. 

The  Evangelical  church  was  the  last  one  organized.  In 
1852  Dr.  J.  C.  Bowman  and  his  wife  were  members  of  this 
church,  and  aliout  that  time  Mi'.  Leonard  and  j\Ir.  Hanipy  began 
preaching.  A  year  later  the  Eev.  Mr.  Staley  held  protracted 
meetings  in  a  log  house  south  of  the  corners,  and  the  church  was 
fully  organizecL  Jonatlian  Oswold  was  chosen  class  leader.  In 
1854  the  first  church  Iniilding  was  erected,  and  the  new  one  was 
built  in  187-2. 


'        CHAPTER  L.— A'EKXOX. 

Thomas  Giddings'  Narrative. — The  Akbival  of  the  First  Set- 
tlers AND  Their  Experiences. — "Bodily  Exercises." — 
Myra  K.  Pelton's  Article. — Sad  and  Romantic 
Incidents  of  Pioneer  Life. — Vernon's  Not- 
able    Families. — First     Methodist 
Class  in  the  Reserve. — Other 
Churches. — Vernon 
Schools. 

The  author  of  this  work  is  fortunate  in  being  able  to  pre- 
sent to  the  readers  facts  in  regard  to  the  history  of  Vernon 
prepared  by  three  students  of  three  generations. 

Hon.  Milton  Sutliff  wrote,  many  years  ago,  about  a  case 
which  depended  upon  the  original  survey  of  the  townshi])  of 
Vernon.  This  case  was  tried  before  Benjamin  F.  Wade,  and  the 
main  witness  was  Thomas  Giddings,  who  went  to  the  township 
of  Vernon  in  1798  and  who  for  twenty-five  years  had  not  been 
to  Warren,  the  county  seat.  He  walked  twenty  miles  to  attend 
this  case,  and  he  was  anxious  to  tell  his  whole  story  in  order  to 
get  through  in  time  to  walk  back  that  day.  His  testimony  was 
so  direct  that  it  interested  Mr.  Sutliff,  and  later  he  visited  this 
gentleman,  and  writes  of  him  as  follows : 

I  was  born  in  Hartland,  Hartford  comity,  Connecticut, 
27th  of  January,  1776. 

On  the  20th  day  of  April,  179S,  I  had  hired  to  Doctor 
Jeremiah  Wilcox  for  six  months  to  go  to  his  lands  in  num- 
ber 6,  1st  range,  in  Western  Reserved  lands  of  Connecticut, 
and  make  some  iinprovemonts.  He  agreed  to  pay  me  $10 
a  month  and  $10  for  my  expenses.  I  left  Hartland  that 
day  with  a  pack  on  my  back,  and  went  to  Litchfield  in 
Litchfield  county,  and  joined  in  company  with  Uriel  Holmes, 
Levi  Blakesley  and  Raphael  Cook.  The  next  day  we  went 
to  Millford,  and  John  Duncan,  ^Montgomery  Shalard  and 

572 


niSTOlJY  OF  TTirMP.rLL  COrXTY  573 

Curtis  wont  from  there  to  J'ittsbiiry.  From  that  place  some 
went  l\v  water.  Duncan  and  I  went  by  land,  to  drive  two 
(•OW.S.  The  first  day  ^^■e  drove  the  cows  down  the  nortli 
bank  of  the  Ohio  river  almost  three  miles,  to  the  house  of 
a  settler  liy  name  of  Woods,  and  stayed  there  over  night. 
The  next  day  we  canu'  to  Jjegionville,  as  then  called,  the 
old  cabins  before  l)uilt  and  occujiied  by  Gen.  Wayne's  ai'my, 
l)nt  found  them  empty  and  nobody  living  there.  We  went 
on  to  Beaver,  and  there  we  found  an  Indian  hunter  hy 
name  of  Brady,  vrho  was  living  there  near  the  mouth  of 
a  small  creek,  afterwards  called  "Brady's  Bun.''  There 
was  a  block  house  on  the  east  side  of  the  Beaver  lielow 
the  falls.  From  there  we  Avent  to  a  settler's  cabin  at  the 
])]ace  afterwards  caUed  (Jreersburg,  the  only  cabin  there  at 
that  time.  Between  that  cabin  and  the  state  line  we  found 
only  one  family,  of  the  name  of  \Vright.  From  AVright's 
cabin  we  went  Youngstown.  iiassing  through  the  township 
of  Poland,  iinding  no  dthe!-  cabin  or  family.  In  tlie  town- 
shi])  of  Youngstown  th.ere  were  then  four  families,  a  'Siv. 
Jlillmau,  the  two  Shehy  families,  and  Martin  Tidd,  Avho 
afterwards  lived  and  died  in  Kinsman.  AVe  stayed  over 
night  at  Flillman's.  I  slejit  on  his  tloor.  A  lai-gi'  uumlier 
of  friendly  Indians  came  to  Ililhnan's  in  the  morning. 
Duncan  and  I  left  the  cows  with  Alartin  Tidd. 

I  had  agreed  with  Holmes  for  when  we  had  driven  the 
cows  to  stay  and  attend  to  them  until  he  should  get  there 
from  Pittsburg,  and  Duncan,  at  Youngstown,  refused  to 
return  alone;  and  so  I  went  ahnig  with  him.  AVe  followed 
down  the  bank  of  tlie  Alahoning.  and  about  ten  miles  below 
Yomigstown  we  came  to  the  cal)in  of  a  man  by  uanu'  of 
Small,  who  had  a  boat  which  he  let  us  have.  AA"e  then  went 
down  the  river  and  down  the  Shenango  in  the  boat  to  the 
falls  of  the  Beaver  river.  It  was  after  dark  when  we  got 
near  the  falls,  and  hearing  the  roar  of  the  waterfall,  were 
afraid  to  go  very  near,  and  went  to  shore  and  tied  the  boat. 
AVe  then  followed  down  the  bank  of  the  river  as  best  we 
could  in  the  dark,  and  finally  discerned  a  light  and  got  to 
the  cabin  and  learned  of  another  house  below,  and  making 
a  torch,  we  followed  a  footpath  tliere  shown  us  to  the  other 
house,  where  we  found  Holmes  and  all  the  company,  and 
the  hands  of  Boardman. 

The  next  morning  Holmes'  company  loaded  their  goods 


574  HISTORY  OF  Tur:\rr,rLL  county 

on  the  boat  we  had  livought  down  and  we  went  up  the 
river  and  up  the  Mahoning  ]iast  Youngstown  to  the  moutli 
of  Mosquito  creek.  AVe  landed  the  boat  about  eight  or  ten 
rods  from  the  mouth,  up  the  Mosquito  creek,  on  the  south 
[east?]  bank.  There  I  tied  up  the  boat  and  Hohiies  named 
the  place  "Giddings  Landing." 

We  made  a  camjj  there  and  sent  back  the  boat  to  Mr. 
Small.  Titus  Hayes,  one  of  the  company,  then  stayed  to 
keep  the  camp,  and  Cook,  tlie  surveyor,  and  Curtis  and 
myself  went  with  Holmes  to  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
townshi]i  of  A^ienna  and  ran  a  line  to  the  north  and  south 
center  line  of  that  township  on  the  soutli  line.  Wlien  we 
found  the  center  ])oint,  we  ran  and  marked  a  line  for  the 
north  and  south  center  road  to  the  center  of  that  township. 
From  the  center  as  fixed  by  Cook  we  then  ran  and  marked  a 
center  line  west  to  the  west  line  of  the  townshi}). 

In  going  west,  almost  a  mile  from  the  center  I  found 
a  turkey  nest  of  thirteen  eggs.  The  hands  wanted  to  suck 
the  eggs,  but  liaving  found  the  nest,  I  claimed  the  eggs, 
giving  one  to  a  hand,  which  was  to  see  if  good.  I  took  the 
others,  six  in  each  pocket,  and  we  had  them  cooked  at  camp 
that  night  for  supper.  Near  the  turkey  nest,  on  tliat  line, 
we  found  an  oak  tree,  which  Cook  measured  witli  his  chain 
about  as  high  as  would  be  cut  to  fell  it,  and  called  it  eighteen 
feet  in  circumference. 

Tlie  next  day  we  surveyed  and  marked  an  angular  road 
from  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Vienna  to  the  center.  Afterwards 
Holmes  extended  the  survey  from  the  center  to  the  X.  E. 
corner  of  Hartford. 

r  stayed  a  week  or  ten  days  in  Vienna  with  Holmes' 
men;  and  then  insisted  on  going  on  to  Wilcox's  land.  No.  (x 
1st  range.  Vienna  was  then  called  No.  4,  2nd  range.  We 
knew  the  towns  tlien  by  the  number  and  range.  It  was  all 
New  Connecticut,  and  such  and  sucli  number  and  range.  We 
had  no  names  for  county  or  township  for  the  most  part. 
That  day,  Saturday,  about  iioon.  Gen.  Martin  Smith,  came  to 
us  at  Vienna  from  Sharon,  on  horseback.  He  had  come  up 
the  Brown  and  Shenango  as  far  as  Sharon,  six  or  eight  miles 
east  of  Vienna,  and  knowing  Holmes  had  come  on  with 
hands,  came  over  to  see  him  and  his  liands  before  going  to 
see  his  lands  in  No.  6,  Vernon.  He  stayed  with  us  over 
night.     In  the  night  I  happened  to  wake,  and  by  sound  of 


IllSTOltY   OF  Tlir.MlULL  rOL'XTY  575 

the  bell  foniul  that  Smitli's  horse  had  gone  far  off;  and 
waked  np  Holmes  and  Smith;  and  got  his  bridle,  and  fol- 
lowed by  the  sound  of  the  bell;  t)vertook  the  horse  in  Brook- 
tield,  and  caught  him.  It  was  a  dark  night,  but  I  managed 
to  ride  him  liaek,  keeping  the  course  through  the  woods ;  and 
we  then  hobbled  him,  and  so  found  him  near  by  the  next 
morning. 

The  next  day  I  went  with  General  Smith  to  Sharon, 
the  place  afterwards  named  Sharon.  There  were  then  three  • 
families  in  that  vicinity,  Andrew  Paterson,  Henry  Budd, 
and  Benjamin  Budd.  General  Smith  had  some  supplies  to 
be  taken  from  that  place  to  his  land,  and  we  loaded  them  on 
the  skiff,  o  barrels  of  flour,  1  of  whiskey,  some  meat  and 
cooking  utensils,  etc.  A  man  by  the  name  of  Ely  and  I  took 
the  skitt'.  Smith  rode  his  horses.  We,  Ely  and  I,  rowed  and 
shoved  the  skiff  up  the  Shenango,  the  day  after  getting  to 
Sharon,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Pymatuning;  and  tlien  up  that 
creek  to  the  southeast  corner  of  ^^eruon  township.  We  had 
a  good  deal  of  difficulty  in  getting  up  our  skiff,  had  to  cut 
out  logs  for  the  skiff  to  pass  aloug  the  stream  in  several 
places.  I  had  like  to  have  drowned  in  one  place,  being  no 
swimmer,  and  lost  my  only  coat  and  stockings  in  the  stream. 
We  tied  up  the  skiff  at  the  corner  of  the  township  and 
camped  there  over  night.  The  next  day  we  went  up  the 
south  line  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  township  and  with 
a  pole,  measured  by  my  hands,  nearly  correct,  measured  the 
line,  and  found  the  middle  or  center  of  the  south  line;  and 
from  that  place,  by  Smith's  pocket  compass  and  my  pole, 
we  measured  and  set  stakes,  marking  the  line  to  the  south- 
east corner  of  the  old  Wilcox  farm  about  half  a  mile  south 
of  the  center.  In  looking  for  water  I  followed  that  little  run 
up  to  the  large  spring  where  David  Sutliff  now  lives,  then 
the  Wilcox  land.  We  agreed  to  make  an  encampment  there 
by  the  spring,  and  I  cut  a  little  white  oak  there,  the  tirst  tree 
ever  cut  by  a  white  man  in  the  towuslii]i,  in  June,  1798.  AVe 
set  up  posts  cut  from  that  tree  and  with  poles  laid  across, 
and  peeled  bark,  made  us  a  very  good  caliin,  which  we  occu- 
pied for  some  time. 

The  next  day  we  went  down  to  Smith's  skiff  and 
brought  it  up  to  his  farm,  extending  from  near  our  cabin 
to  the  creek,  and  landed  the  skiff  and  cargo  on  his  land.  We 
then  made  a  dray  of  two  long  poles  and  bark,  and  put  the 


G  HISTORY  OF  i^nr:\[r.uLL  cot'xty 

barrel  of  wliiskey  on  the  dray  near  the  liorse.  I  took  the 
further  ends  of  the  poles  on  my  shoulders,  and  Smith,  lead- 
ing the  horse,  we  carried  it  to  the  encampment  we  had  pre- 
l^ared ;  and  in'  the  same  way  we  brought  up  the  flour,  and 
the  other  things  from  the  skiff.  We  hid  the  whiskey  under 
a  heap  of  brush.  An  Indian  came  for  whiskey  but  we  re- 
fused him  the  whiskey,  but  gave  him  a  slice  of  bread  and  also 
a  slice  to  another  Indian,  and  two  squaws  and  two  papooses, 
to  each  a  slice  of  bread.  The  Indian  that  wanted  the  whis- 
key would  after  that,  for  some  time,  call  every  noon  for  his 
dinner  but  refused  to  bring  the  squaws  and  children. 

After  a  while  General  Smith  returned  to  Pittsburgh, 
and  returned,  bringing  Aaron  Brockway  and  his  wife.  The 
two  Indians,  Isaac  and  Billy  Mohawk,  then  came  each  with 
his  squaw  and  three  papooses  to  our  encampment.  Aaron 
Brockway  and  wife  were  the  tirst  family  that  came  into  that 
township.  They  lived  in  the  encampment  until  Smith,  Ely, 
Brockvray  and  myself  early  in  July,  1798,  put  i;p  a  log  house 
for  them,  the  same  house  afterwards  occupied  by  old  Mr. 
Pelton.  We  all  worked,  making  an  improvement  of  some 
twelve  or  fourteen  acres  where  Daniel  Sutlitf 's  orchard  now 
is.  Our  seed  grain  we  packed  on  oxen,  from  Beaver,  sixty 
miles.  No  roads  were  cut  out,  but  the  path  was  by  blazed 
trees  through  the  woods. 

In  August,  1798,  when  Holmes  was  about  to  return,  we 
all  wrote  letters  to  send  back  by  him.  I  wrote  to  Ephraim 
Lilley  with  whom  I  had  lived.  It  was  asked  by  someone  of 
our  company,  "What  name  of  the  place  shall  we  date  our 
letters?"  and  I  said  Smithfield,  to  which  they  all  agreed, 
and  we  so  dated  our  letters.  In  my  letter  to  Lilley  I  made 
a  picture  of  a  stake,  after  the  name  Smithfield,  and  wrote 
"the  place  where  John  Eogers  was  burned";  and  the  town- 
ship continued  to  be  called  Smithfield  until  1812  or  1815, 
when,  without  any  good  reason,  the  name  was  changed  to 
Vernon. 

The  next  year,  1799,  Martin  Smith  came  back,  bringing 
his  family.  Joseph  DeWolf  came  with  him  and  took  up  the 
farm  on  which  he  settled,  the  next  farm  south  of  mine,  which 
was  the  farm  on  which  Erastus  Chapman  now  lives.  Mr. 
Palmer  and  his  son,  Warren  Palmer,  also  came.  The  old 
man  took  up  the  farm  next  south  of  the  center,  on  which 
Asa  Ilaynes  aftei-wards  lived,  and  Warren,  his  son,  took  up 


ITISTOKY  OF  TliOIBULL  COUNTY  57 

the  farm  south  of  Joseph  DeAVolf.  They  each  made  im- 
provements in  the  summer  of  1799,  put  in  crops  and  built 
cabins,  or  log  houses. 

In  the  lieginning-  of  the  next  season,  1800,  only  Brock- 
way  and  General  Smith  had  their  families.  Old  Mr.  Palmer 
and  his  son  Warren  had  returned  for  their  families  in  the 
fall  before.  In  June  of  1800  Abner  Moses  came  with  his 
children,  Abner  and  John  and  Polly,  who  aftenvards  mar- 
ried Hosia  Merry.  His  wife  had  died  on  the  journej-. 
About  the  same  time  old  Mr.  Palmer  and  his  son  Warren 
returned  with  their  families,  and  Joseph  DeWolf  with  his 
family,  his  son  Tensard  B.  driving  his  team.  I  went  back 
and  married  and  returned  with  ray  wife  in  June.  Abner 
Moses  took  up  the  farm  afterwards  occupied  by  Jones  King, 
and  Obed  Crosby  took  up  the  fann  next  north,  and  boarded 
Avith  me  and  made  a  clearing  that  summer.  My  place  was 
the  farm  now  owned  by  Erastus  Chapman.  In  1801  Obed 
Crosby  brought  his  family.  Perry  Sheldon  came  with  his 
wife  and  one  child  and  took  up  the  farm  on  which  he  lived 
and  died;  also  Plumb  Sutliff,  who  took  up  the  farm  south 
and  adjoining  his,  and  Samuel  Sutliff,  who  took  up  the  farm 
on  which  he  lived,  and  died  in  1840.  Wright  took  up  the 
farm  south  of  Plumb  Sutlift'.  now  owned  by  Ealsa  Clark,  and 
Luther  Thompson  the  same  year  took  up  the  farm  on  which 
he  lived,  and  died  recently.  Thomas  Thompson,  the  same 
year,  took  up  the  farm  east  of  the  creek,  afterwards  owned 
by  Gilbert  &  Miner. 

In  1802  Morgan  Banning  took  uj)  his  farm  south  of 
Thomas  Thompson.  Andrew  Burns  took  up  the  farm  east 
of  Joseph  DeWolf,  afterwards  owned  by  Sterling  G.  Bush- 
nell.  Samuel  Sutliff  brought  on  his  family.  Doctor  Wright 
married  and  brought  his  wife.  In  the  winter  of  1802-03 
Perry  Sheldon  and  Samuel  Sutliff  killed  thirteen  bears. 
In  1805  or  1806  I  killed  a  young  bear  on  a  Sunday  with  a 
club,  and  defended  against  the  old  one ;  drove  three  cubs  up 
a  tree  and  killed  one  of  them,  which  provoked  the  old  bear 
to  attack  and  drive  me  off,  but  I  returaed  with  Aaron  C. 
Sutliff  and  Abner  ]\Ioses,  who  helped  me  to  fell  the  tree, 
and  we  captured  the  two  cubs,  and  I  gave  one  of  them  to  the 
boys  for  helping  me  and  they  kept  it  for  a  pet,  chained  in 
a  hollow  stump.  Samuel  Sutliff'  and  Perry  Sheldon  had 
good  dogs,  Sutliff  had  a  gun,  and  Sheldon  a  spear  made  by 


5TS  HISTOKY  OF  TEUMBULL  COFXTY 

Tliompsou,  who  was  a  blaeksmitli,  and  attaclied  it  to  the 
end  of  a  stout  pole.  The  dogs  would  drive  the  beai'  up  a 
tree,  Sutlift"  would  shoot  it,  and  often  when  wounded  the 
l)ear  would  be  too  much  for  the  dogs,  and  Sheldon  would 
then  use  his  bear-spear  to  save  the  dogs.  Wolves,  deer, 
turkey,  and  all  game  was  very  plenty. 

In  180-1:  I  sold  the  farm  I  had  taken  up,  to  William 
Chapman,  the  grandfather  of  Erastus,  who,  with  his  wife 
and  their  son  William  and  wife  and  their  family,  had  come 
from  Connecticut.  I  then  took  up  the  farm  between  Samuel 
Sutlift" 's  aud  Perry  Sheldon's,  owned  now  by  Archibald 
Black.  In  April,  18U5, 1  got  a  log  liouse  raised  on  that  place, 
and  the  same  day  we  raised  Perry  Sheldon's  frame  house, 
the  first  frame  house  in  the  towuship.  In  February,  1807,  I 
sold  to  Stephen  Linsley,  and  moved  on  the  farm  I  then 
took  up,  on  which  I  have  since  lived,  a  mile  east  of  the 
center  of  the  township. 

In  the  fall  of  1803,  while  living  on  the  farm  sold  to 
Chapman  in  1805,  I  went  to  Washington  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, to  purchase  sheep,  and  there  fotmd  much  excitement 
upon  wliat  they  called  "bodily-exercises."  They  were  hold- 
ing frecjuent  and  general  meetings  in  that  settlement,  as 
there  told,  in  which  men  as  well  as  women  aud  children 
would  suddenly  fall  down,  and  when  again  on  their  feet 
frequently  fall  again  and  again,  without  any  perceptible 
cause.  There  were  three  resolute  young  men  there  at  that 
time  who  said  they  would  go  and  see  for  themselves,  wliether 
a  man  could  fall  down  without  any  cause,  and  they  attended 
one  of  the  meetings.  And  all  of  them,  the  same  as  many 
others  at  the  meeting,  suddenly  fell  one  by  one,  and  one  or 
two  of  them  and  perhaps  all  three,  fell  again  and  again  upon 
rising  to  their  feet;  and  Mdtliout  being  able  to  give  any 
reason  for  it,  said  they  could  not  prevent  it.  The  same 
tiling,  as  I  have  heard,  ext-ended  along  the  settlements  north 
in  Pennsylvania  to  the  settlement  a  few  miles  east  of 
Vernon,  wliere  ]\Irs.  Brockway,  my  wife's  sister,  on  a  visit  to 
Mr.  Linehe's  family,  found  this  "bodily"  exercise  had  made 
its  appearance,  and  was  herself,  while  there,  the  subject  of 
it.  Upon  her  return  to  my  house,  my  wife,  and  the  family 
of  General  Smith,  our  nearest  neighbor,  became  aflSicted 
in  the  same  way  as  they  were  in  Washington  county,  as  were 
others    in  our  settlement.      I  have    seen  General    Smith's 


HISTOKY  OF  TKUilBULL  COUXTY  5T0 

daughters,  then  little  girls  five,  six,  and  seven  years  old,  in 
the  winter  of  1804-05,  in  coming  across  to  my  house,  fall 
face  down  suddenly  in  the  snow,  and  jump  up  and  go  along 
a  few  rods,  and  fall  again,  without  any  apparent  cause. 
They  complained  of  no  pain,  nor  were  they  frightened ;  Init 
those  affected  in  this  way  would  thus,  in  meetings  and  at 
other  times,  suddenly  fall.  Their  healtli  seemed  good,  and 
not  affected.  The  thing  continued  for  two  or  three  years. 
Neitlier  the  preachers  or  doctors  could  explain  it  or  prevent 
it.  To  hold  or  attempt  to  restrain  when  they  were  thus 
cittaeked  only  made  the  matter  worse.  Their  health  seemed 
good  and  their  behavior  neither  better  or  worse  liy  lieiug  so 
affected. 

When  I  first  came  in  1798  there  was  a  small  tribe  of 
Indians  that  luid  an  encampment  in  the  southeast  corner  of 
Gustavns  and  soutliwest  corner  of  Kinsman,  from  75  to 
100  in  numbers.  Ten  or  twelve  of  the  tribe,  in  the  spring  of 
1806,  were  near  the  spring  on  the  farm  of  Samuel  Sutliff. 
'  the  next  farm  to  the  one  I  then  lived  upon.  In  the  fall  they 
would  dig  our  potatoes  nights  to  supply  themselves.  I 
tracked  them  with  my  dog  to  their  encampment,  and  told 
them  tbey  should  not  steal,  that  Sutliff'  and  I  would  each 
give  them,  if  they  would  come  and  aslv  us  when  they  were 
hungry,  or  wanted  anything  to  eat.  After  that,  while  they 
stayed,  they  would  come  and  ask  for  corn  or  potatoes,  and 
we  gave  them,  as  we  had  promised,  and  they  stole  uothiug 
afterwards. 

Mathews,  the  preacher  in  Kinsman,  about  that  time 
undertook  to  teach  the  tribe  to  work,  how  to  plant  and  work, 
and  to  read.  Some  of  them  learned  to  I'ead,  and  by  the  time 
the  war  occurred  in  1812  Mathews  had  taught  and  improved 
them  very  much.  On  the  commencement  of  the  war,  how- 
ever, they  all  disappeared,  or  nearly  all,  and  went,  as  sup- 
posed, to  Canada,  as  we  could  never  hear  of  the  tribe  after- 
wards. 

Myra  K.  Pelton  prepared  for  the  Woman's  department  of 
the  Cleveland  Centennial  Conuuission  an  excellent  article  in 
regard  to  Vernon,  from  which  we  quote  directly  and  indirectly 
as  follows : 

The  first  woman  who  braved  the  hardships  of  a  journey 
to  the  unbroken  forests  of  this  section  and  helped  to  raise 


580  HISTORY  OF  TEFMBULL  COFXTY 

the  first  log  cabin  was  Maiy  Willian  Emmons,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Jeremiah  Emmons,  the  first  practicing  physician  of 
Hartland,  Connecticut.  She  was  Ijorn  March  11,  1776,  and 
married  Aaron  Brockway,  of  Hartland,  June  30,  1796,  and 
with  him  came  to  New  Connecticut,  Gen.  Martin  Smith  and 
Thomas  Giddings  being  in  the  party.  They  arrived  June 
19,  1798. 

Her  brother.  Jeremiah  Emmons,  was  drowned  in  the 
Pymatuning,  and  the  night  after  in  the  midst  of  a  terrific 
thunder  storm  a  babe  was  born,  which  uttered  no  cry,  for 
life  had  fled.  Hers  was  the  first  child  born  in  Vernon.  In 
1803  Mrs.  Brockway  died,  leaving  a  son,  Jeremiah,  who  was 
given  to  the  care  of  ]\Irs.  Ruhama  Pelton,  of  Gustavus, 
with  whom  he  remained  until  after  the  return  of  his  father 
from  Connecticut,  where  on  February  1,  1804,  he  married 
Lucy  Buslmell. 

One  night  ]\Irs.  Pelton  dreamed  that  Jeremiah  was  sick 
and  died.  She  awoke,  then  slept  and  dreamed  as  before. 
Squire  Hawley,  of  Austinburg,  was  at  Mr.  Pelton 's  that 
night,  and  getting  up  to  see  to  his  cattle,  asked  Mrs.  Pelton 
what  was  the  matter,  as  he  saw  she  had  left  her  bed.  She 
told  him  her  dream.  The  next  day  Squire  Hawley«went  to 
Vernon,  remained  over  night,  and  on  his  return  told  Mrs. 
Pelton  that  Jeremiah  was  dead. 

"Martin  Smith  converted  his  Eevolutionaiy  sword  into 
an  ax,  and  came  to  prepare  a  home  for  his  wife  (Sarah 
Kellogg)  and  their  seven  children."  In  the  fall  of  1798  he 
went  back  to  Connecticut,  Hartland,  and  the  following  spring 
brought  his  family,  Mrs.  Smith  riding  on  horseback,  carry- 
ing little  one-year-old  Charlotte.  They  arrived  in  April,  and 
must  have  been  most  gladly  welcomed  by  Mrs.  Brockway, 
who  had  lived  for  months  without  seeing  the  face  of  a  white 
woman.  The  Smith  family  was  an  influential  one  from  the 
beginning.  The  daughter.  Electa,  taught  the  first  school  in 
1802,  near  the  southwest  corner  of  Smnuel  DeWolf 's  fanu. 
She  also  taught  in  Beaver,  Pennsylvania.  Chai'lotte  and 
Henrietta  lived  together  in  the  old  house  built  by  their  father 
north  of  the  homestead.  "They  kept  their  maiden  names, 
but  the  novelist  of  today  could  take  incidents  which  oc- 
curred in  their  lives  and  weave  them  into  a  romance. ' '  Mrs. 
Martin  Smith,  the  mother  of  this  family,  was  on  very 
fiiendly  terms  with  the  Indians.     "They  would  request 


HISTOltV  OF  THr.MnrLL  COT'NTV  .",81 

lier  to  allow  tlieiii  to  take  her  Ijaby,  llavilah,  Ixtiii  in  1801, 
to  their  camp  on  the  Pymatiiniug  for  the  day,  and  they  in 
return  would  loan  a  jiapoose.  Xo  harm  befell  him,  and 
towards  evening  the  little  fellow  would  be  returned." 

Rev.  Alvin  Coe  came  to  Ohio  in  1809  with  Rev.  Joseph 
Badger.  He  married  Sarah  Smith.  Both  were  set  ajmrt 
as  missionaries  in  18:22  liy  the  Western  Missionary  Society 
of  Pittsburg,  and  set  out  to  labor  amongst  the  Indians. 
They  located  in  Huron,  taught  school  at  Fort  Mackinaw; 
she  taught  at  Sault  St.  Marie.  All  the  settlers  who  knew 
^Ir.  and  ^Irs.  Coe  speak  of  them  with  the  greatest  tender- 
ness. They  seemed  to  be  welcome  in  families  wherever 
they  went.  Governor  and  Mrs.  Cass,  of  Detroit,  often  en- 
tertained them.  "On  one  occasion  a  number  of  girls  were 
gathered  to  hear  Mrs.  Coe  tell  about  the  squaws  and  the 
pappooses  whom  she  had  ))een  teaching.  One  little  instance 
she  mentioned  impi'essed  her  name  indelibly  on  my  mem- 
ory. Upon  being  asked  by  one  of  the  papooses  what  her 
name  was  she  told  her  it  was  Sallie  Coe,  whereupon  the 
child  repeated  'Sally  Coe.  Sally  Coe,  that  makes  me  think 
of  calico.'  " 

The  author  of  this  work  is  informed  that  Mrs.  (*oe  died  in 
the  infirmary  of  Trumbull  County.  It  hardly  seems  ])ossible 
that  she  could  have  been  so  neglected  and  forgotten  by  tlic 
people  of  the  county.  Probably  in  those  days  there  was  no 
fund  for  the  dependent  members  of  ministers'  families. 

In  this  history  we  have  noted  many  sad  things  which  haii- 
]»ened  to  the  early  emigrants,  and  Miss  Pelton  writes  of  Abner 
Closes,  his  wife  and  four  children,  who  accompanied  General 
Smith  and  Joseph  DeWolf  when  they  came  to  the  township  in 
1800.  Mrs.  Moses  "had  ridden  as  usual  one  day  and  was  slee]i- 
iug  in  the  wagon  with  her  children."  In  the  morning  she  was 
dead.  "For  some  reason,  ])]'obably  because  they  wei'c  only 
immigrants,  the  town  authorities  refused  to  bury  her."  The 
])arty  started  on  with  her  remains,  and  when  they  reached  the 
foot  of  the  mountain  they  nmde  a  grave  and  laid  her  away.  The 
father  and  children,  dumb  with  sorrow,  proceeded  with  the 
])arty.  Two  of  the  DeWolf  children,  Catherine  and  Kuliama. 
secure,d  daffodils  and  "crown  imiierials"  from  the  mountains 
on  their  journey  and  they  are  still  blooming  on  the  old 
homestead. 


58-?  HISTOKY  OF  TPJ-ilBULL  COUXTY 

^'eniou  towuship  furnished  many  men  who  have  been  known 
in  county,  and  some  in  state  history.  Corydon  Pahner,  of  War- 
ren, one  of  the  most  skillful  dentists  of  the  state  and  known 
throughout  the  United  States  by  the  students  who  studied  den- 
tistry in  Baltimore,  was  born  in  Vernon. 

in  1800  Ambrose  Palmer  and  his  son  Warren  came  to 
^'ernon  from  Litchfield,  Connecticut.  Warren  had  married 
Eunice  Spencer,  after  much  protest  on  the  part  of  her  peojile, 
first  because  she  was  so  young-,  and  second  because  he  was  com- 
ing into  the  wilderness  to  live.  This  objection  was  not  heeded. 
They  were  married  in  1797,  and  the  following  year  had  twins, 
who  looked  "so  nearly  alike  that  their  mother  put  badges  on 
them  to  distinguish  them."  Minerva  Palmer,  sister  of  Warren, 
accompanied  the  family,  riding  her  horse.  She  was  engaged 
to  marry  Titus  Brockway,  and  he  rode  with  her.  They  were 
married  a  year  later  and  their  wedding  was  the  tirst  in  ^"ernon. 
Charlotte  and  Harriet  Palmer,  the  twins  above  referred  to, 
were  fun-loving  girls  and  used  to  exchange  dresses  in  order  to 
confuse  their  friends.  One  evening  Elder  Jonathan  Sheldon 
visited,  as  he  supposed,  Harriet,  but  it  turned  out  afterwards 
that  it  was  Charlotte  arrayed  in  Harriet's  raiment.  These 
young  women  married  and  removed  to  different  jiarts  of  the 
country.  One  day  Charlotte  (Mrs.  Perry)  was  at  a  hotel  in 
Cleveland,  and  was  delighted  to  see  her  sister  Harriet  (Mrs. 
DeWolf )  approaching.  Hurrying  toward  her,  she  reached  out 
her  hand,  exclaiming,  "Why,  Harriet  how  did  you  get  here?" 
Her  hand  touched  a  mirror  and  not  Harriet.  Another  member 
of  this  gifted  family  was  Sylvia,  who  was  an  artist  of  no  mean 
re]nitation.  The  author  has  seen  some  of  her  work,  wild  flowers, 
which  was  exquisitely  delicate.  Dr.  Corydon  Palmer,  above 
refei-red  to,  was  a  brother  of  Harriet,  Charlotte  and  Sylvia. 

Dorothy  Bates  Holcomb  married  Balsa  Clark.  Vernon's 
wealthiest  resident.  Mrs.  Clark  lived  in  Vernon  about  seventy 
years.  Her  daughter.  Wealthy,  married  Dr.  Bobert  Brackin,  of 
kinsman,  and  Julia,  Dr.  James  Brackin,  of  Warren.  Three 
daughtei's  of  the  latter,  Mrs.  S.  B.  Palm,  Miss  Laura  Brackin 
and  Mrs.  Mary  Streator,  now  reside  in  Warren. 

The  most  remarkable  woman  who  founded  a  home  in 
A'ernou  in  1804  was  Ruth  Granger,  wife  of  Deacon  Samuel  Sut- 
liff,  who  came  from  Hartland,  whence  came  so  many  of  those 
hardy  i)ioneer  mothers.  Deacon  Sutliff  assisted  Rev.  Badger 
to  organize  manv  of  the  earlv  Congregational  churches  of  the 


HISTOIiY   OF  ^'III'MIU'LL  COUXTY  SKiH 

AV'eistein  Reserve,  ami  held  the  offiee  of  deaeou  in  the  church 
until  his  death.  Airs.  Sutlift'  was  a  relative  of  Gideon  Granger, 
])ostmaster  general  during  the  administration  of  Thomas  Jef- 
ferson, and  was  descended  from  a  family  distinguished  for 
patriotism  and  intellect.  With  no  means  of  obtaining  an  edu- 
cation, she  did  what  but  few  of  those  busy  women  thought  of 
doing — taught  herself,  and  assisted  her  sons  when  they  com- 
menced their  stuches.  Her  six  sons  honored  her  and  the  place 
of  their  birth  1)y  their  lives.  From  their  mother  these  boys 
inherited  strong  intellectual  qualities,  and  four  of  them  became 
lawyers.  Milton  graduated  at  Western  Reserve  College;  he 
was  state  senator  and  chief  .iudge  of  the  supreme  court  of  Ohio. 
Levi  was  admitted  to  practice  in  all  the  courts  of  this  state. 
Calvin  G.  was  a  i)artner  of  Alilton,  and  later  of  Hon.  John 
Hutchins,  now  of  Cleveland.  These  three  located  in  Warren, 
Ohio.  Flavel  died  young.  Hon.  A.  G.  Riddle  made  him  one 
of  the  characters  of  his  story  of  northern  Ohio,  Imt  with  a 
slightly  altered  name.  Mrs.  Sutliff's  attainments  were  varied, 
and  Judge  King,  who  was  accpiainted  with  her,  said  she  was  the 
strongest-minded  woman  he  ever  knew.  Her  knowledge  of  his- 
tory was  extensive,  and  she  was  a  woman  of  great  piety,  the 
Bible,  Milton's  poems  and  Pilgrim's  Progress  being  among 
her  favorite  books.  Owing  to  her  strict  observance  of  the 
Sabbath,  a  bear  escaped  being  killed.  Thomas  Giddings  saw 
one  near  the  east  of  where  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sutliff  lived,  and  went 
to  the  house  to  get  a  gun.  Air.  Sutliff  was  at  church  and  his 
wife  would  not  loan  it  because  it  was  Sunday.  She  entered  the 
higher  life  in  1844. 

Dr.  John  I.  King,  of  A'ernon,  had  a  horrilile  and  peculiar 
exi)erience  when  a  lad.  He  lived  with  his  father  and  mother 
in  Plattsville,  Wisconsin.  When  he  was  two  years  old  his 
father  died  in  California,  and  his  mother,  in  due  time,  married 
Harvey  PI.  Jones  and  had  two  children.  In  the  spring  of  1854 
Air.  Jones,  with  his  family,  started  from  AVisconsin,  across  the 
])lains,  to  AVashington  territory.  They  stopped  near  Seattle, 
and  on  the  28th  of  October  Air.  Jones  and  his  wife  were  mui'- 
•lered  liy  the  Indians.  Air.  Jones  was  shot  in  the  house  and  his 
Itody  burned  with  it.  Airs.  Jones  was  butchered  outside.  Young- 
King  was  theu  about  seven  years  old.  He  took  his  half-brother 
and  his  half-sister,  one  nearly  four  and  the  other  about  two 
years  old,  to  the  wigwam  of  some  friendly  Indians,  two  and  a 
half  miles  awav.     These  Indians  took  the  children  to  Seattle 


•384  HISTORY  OF  TKUMBI'LL  COUNTY 

iu  a  cauoe  that  night,  and  in  1856  tliey  were  brought  back  east. 
The  Joues  children  -were  left  in  Wisconsin,  and  although  they 
lived  three  miles  apart  and  had  not  seen  each  other  for  three 
weeks,  tlu'V  died  within  three  days  of  each  other,  of  diphtheria, 
in  1864.  Dr.  King's  boyhood  days  were  spent  in  A^ernon  town- 
shij),  and  he  is  now  a  practicing  physician  there. 

To  him  the  author  is  indebted  for  the  following  informa- 
tion: In  1800  Rev.  Obid  Crosby,  from  Hartland,  Connecticut, 
located  lands  in  township  6,  range  1,  first  called  Smithfield  and 
later  Vernon.  He  selected  lot  6  in  the  Wilcox  tract  and 
remained  during  the  summer.  In  the  spring  of  1801  he  returned 
with  his  family,  moving  into  a  cabin  which  he  had  assisted  his 
brother  Timothy  to  build  the  year  before  on  lot  7.  The  location 
of  this  cabin  is  of  much  interest  because  iu  it  was  organized  a 
Methodist  class  which  was  the  first  to  exist,  not  only  in  Trum- 
bull County,  the  AVestern  Reserve,  but  in  a  goodly  part  of  Ohio 
as  well.  This  log  house  stood  a  little  southeast  of  the  present 
(1909)  Hotel  Dilley,  in  the  village  of  Burghill.  Mr.  Crosby  and 
his  family,  his  daughter  states,  remained  in  that  cabin  six 
months.  During  that  time  Mr.  Crosby  was  erecting  a  house 
of  hewed  logs  upon  the  exact  site  of  Mr.  Robert  Milliken's 
home. 

The  persons  composing  this  first  class  were  Rev.  Obid 
Crosby ;  Jerusha,  his  wife ;  Ewing  Wright  and  wife ;  Eunice 
Brockway,  who  afterwards  married  Daniel  Bushnell — five  iu 
all.  Ewing  Wright  and  his  wife  may  not  have  been  members 
at  the  start,  but  it  is  su})posed  they  were.  This  class  met  in 
Mr.  Crosby's  new  house,  and  here,  for  a  year  or  so,  preaching- 
was  had.  After  that,  class  meetings  with  preaching  were  held 
in  a  log  l)arn,  in  the  northern  ])art  of  Hartford  township,  oppo- 
site the  present  residence  of  Enoch  James.  This  barn  stood 
a  mile  and  a  half  south  of  Mr.  Crosby's  hewed  house ;  it  belonged 
to  Col.  Richard  Hayes.  Services  were  held  in  this  place  until 
1804,  when  a  log  schoolhouse  was  built  in  front  of  the  house 
where  James  .Tones  now  resides,  that  is,  upon  old  Burghill. 
The  class  continued  to  meet  in  that  log  schoolhouse  for  five 
years,  when  the  frame  schoolhouse  was  built.  The  latter  stood 
upon  the  east  side  of  the  road,  southwest  of  where  Enoch  James 
resides.  The  site  of  this  frame  schoolhouse  is  still  plainly  seen. 
It  was  moved  to  the  west  side  of  the  road  and  placed  south  of 
the  spot  where  the  Orangevillo  road  begins.  This  frame  school- 
house  was  used  for  Methodist  services  until  the  two-story  brick 


HISTOKY  OF  ^^IIFMIU'LL  ('OUXTY  585 

sehoolliouse  was  built  in  18l27-l28.  This  brick  selioolhouse  stooil 
a  few  rods  north  of  the  township  line  within  the  present  limits 
of  the  cemetery  and  on  the  east  side  of  the  road.  In  18-1-9-1850 
it  was  torn  down  and  a  frame  schoolhouse  erected  on  its  site. 
In  1885  this  frame  schoolhouse  was  moved  a  mile  and  a  quarter 
south  and  is  uoaa^  used  as  a  barn  on  the  old  farm  of  Dr. 
Miner. 

In  1816  an  offshoot  of  this  first  Methodist  class  was  organ- 
ized at  numl>er  4,  now  Deneeu's  Corners,  on  the  Kinsman  and 
Orangeville  road.  This  class  was  divided,  or  abandoned,  after 
twenty-five  years'  existence,  part  going  to  number  3,  at  Sui)eri()r. 
on  the  Kinsman  and  Orangeville  road,  and  i)art  to  Orangeville. 
Number  o  was  gradually  al)sorbed  by  \'ernon  Center  and  by 
Kinsman.  In  1885  the  portion  which  was  at  Orangeville  was 
organized  into  a  church.  In  1836  the  Hartford  class  drew  off 
and  built  a  church.  This  growth  of  branch  classes  depleted 
the  parent  class  at  Burgliill.  In  18-18  "the  burg"  was  aban- 
doned as  a  preaching  place  and  a  class  was  formed  which  met 
in  the  old  brick  church  (Congregational,  built  in  1826)  at  the 
center  of  Vernon.  In  1853  the  Methodists  fitted  up  a  room  in 
the  warehouse  which  stood  on  the  south  side  of  the  road  leading 
east  from  the  center  of  Vernon.  This  Imilding  stood  across  the 
street  from  the  present  residence  of  Edward  Gilmore.  xVftei- 
staying  a  year  in  that  building  the  class  went  back  to  the  bi-ick 
church. 

Although  the  first  class  was  formed  in  X'ernon  at  such 
an  early  date,  it  was  not  until  1864  that  a  regular  appointment 
by  the  Methodists  was  made  at  Bui-ghill.  ^leetings  were  had  in 
the  frame  schoolhouse,  and  Rev.  Josiali  Flower  divided  his 
time  between  Burgliill  and  ^"ernon  Center.  The  latter  was  aban- 
doned as  an  appointment  in  f8()7.  At  that  time  Rev.  J.  R. 
Shearer  was  the  minister.  In  18()!)  the  class  rented  Bennett's 
Hall.  This  is  now  occuiiied  by  F.  II.  Pruden  as  a  hardware  and 
furniture  store.  September  124,  1871,  is  the  date  upon  which  the 
Methodists  began  using  the  Grove  Ilolcomb  house,  which  they 
moved  from  the  center  of  Vernon.  It  stood  between  the  places 
of  Daniel  Coe  and  Dr.  King.  In  June,  1872,  the  first  IMethodist 
Episcopal  church  building  was  erected  in  "\'ernon  upon  the  land 
bought  by  Rev.  Obid  Crosby  in  1801.  This  building  was  used 
until  1897,  when  it  was  sold,  and  the  money  ap]iropriated 
towards  Imilding  the  church   at   the  center  of  Vernon,  where 


5S6  HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY 

services  have  since  been  held.  The  church  erected  in  1872  and 
sold  in  1907  is  now  known  as  "Citizen's  Hall." 

Eev.  Obid  Crosby,  the  leader  of  the  tirst  class  of  Methodists 
on  the  Western  Eeserve,  was  i^robably  born  in  Hartland,  Con- 
necticut; at  least  it  was  his  early  home.  He  was  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution,  serving  under  "Washington.  He  was 
small  of  stature,  had  blue  eyes  and  sandy  hair  which  he  allowed 
to  grow  quite  long.  He  was  an  eloquent  speaker  and  a  good 
singer.  He  was  born  in  1753,  his  wife,  Jerusha,  four  years 
later.  They  both  died  in  "\"ernon  and  are  buried  in  the  old 
cemetery  near  the  center. 

Miss  Pelton  says : 

"The  Hartford  and  N'ernon  Free  Will  Baptist  Church 
of  Christ"  was  organized  March  9,  1840,  by  Elder  Ransom 
Dunn,  and  in  September  of  the  same  year  Elder  Dunn 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church.  Services  were  held 
in  a  brick  building  erected  in  1827-28,  with  a  school  room 
on  the  first  floor  and  a  room  for  church  j^urposes  above, 
south  of  the  Hayes  cemetery,  Burghill.  This  gave  place 
to  a  frame  schoolhouse  on  the  same  site,  which  was  used 
by  the  society  until  a  church  was  erected  near  the  north 
line  of  Samuel  Merrv's  farm  during  the  pastorate  of  Elder 
E.  H.  Higliee. 

Elder  A.  K.  ^loulton  delivered  the  dedicatory  address 
May  28,  1871,  and  was  assisted  1)y  Elder  Higbee,  who  was 
pastor  of  the  church  for  sixteen  years. 

In  1897,  when  the  society  was  in  charge  of  Rev.  F.  E. 
Mantle,  himself  a  member  of  the  Discijile  church,  the  church 
liuildiug  was  removed  nearer  to  Burghill  station  and  remod- 
eled. At  the  rededicatory  services,  which  were  held  Febru- 
ary 13,  1898,  Elder  Ransom  Dunn,  who  had  organized  the 
society  tifty-eight  years  before,  officiated. 

The  charter  members  numbered  thirty-seven,  and  there 
were  fifteen  additions  the  following  year.  The  membershi]) 
is  thirty-three  at  the  jiresent  time,  and  includes  one  charter 
member.  Wales  Henry,  who  is  over  eighty-seven  years  old. 

The  Vernon  Presl)yterian  church,  like  many  of  the  early 
Congregational  and  Presbyterian  churches,  was  called  "The 
Church  of  Christ."  The  first  effort  at  organization  was  mad© 
in  1802.    In  September,  of  1803,  Edward  Brockway  and  Sarah, 


lilSTOKY  OF  TIU^AIBULL  COUNTY  oS7 

liiis  wife,  Timothy  Crosby,  Sarah  Bates,  Titus  Broekway,  Pkimb 
SntliiT,  Susauuah  Pahuer,  and  Sarah  Smith  gathered  at  Mar- 
tin Smith's  house,  Eev.  Badger  being  present,  and  the  church 
was  organized.  On  the  following  Sunday  the  first  communion 
was  held  in  a  grove.  Kev.  Tait,  of  Mercer,  who  so  often  asso- 
ciated with  the  Eev.  Mr.  Badger,  preached  the  sermon.  This 
society,  like  many  of  the  societies  of  the  time,  adopted  "the 
plan  of  union,"  whicli  later  proved  distasteful  to  both  Pres- 
byterian and  Congregational.  Rev.  Harvey  was  installed  pastor 
of  this  church  in  1814.  and  continued  in  that  capacity  for  six- 
teen years.  Part  of  the  time  he  preached  in  Hartford,  Vernon 
and  Kinsman.  In  one  year  he  added  one  hundred  and  eleven 
jieople  to  his  congregation.  We  are  told  that  more  people  were 
expelled  from  the  church  for  using  intoxicants  than  for  any 
other  one  thing.  A  brick  church  was  built  in  the  ceiiter  of 
Vernon  in  1825  and  eventually  the  church  disbanded. 
Again  we  (juote  from  Miss  Pelton: 

Electa  Smith,  daughter  of  (ien.  Martin  Smith,  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of  the  township,  taught  the  first  school  in 
the  summer  of  1802,  the  schoolhouse  having  been  built  on 
the  Joseph  DeWolf  farm  on  the  site  where  now  stands  the 
Samuel  DeWolf  house. 

Dr.  Amos  C.  AVright  taught  the  following  winter  and 
some  of  the  DeWolf  children  studied  Latin  under  him. 
Sally  Wright,  sister  of  Dr.  Wright,  taught  in  the  siunmer 
of  1803.  Then  a  ^Mr.  Gilpin,  followed  l>y  Ebenezer  Chap- 
man. 

Other  early  teachers  were  Harriet  Hull,  Anna  Bab- 
cock,  Anna  Lindsley,  Asaliel  Jones  (father  of  Dr.  Allen 
Jones),  Charles  Pickett,  Milton  Morse,  (Hon.)  T.  A.  Thomp- 
son, Mary  Ann  Eeed,  (Hon.)  Edmund  A.  Eeed,  Samuel 
Galpin,  Elizalieth  E.  King,  Mary  E.  Crocker,  Ephraim  Kee, 
John  D.  King,  Theodore  Ward  (father  of  Mrs.  Schuyler 
Colfax)  two  winters  at  Vernon  Center,  Edward  Waid 
(afterwards  member  of  Congress)  one  winter  at  the  Center, 
Sarah  A.  Beach,  Annette  Clark,  Harriet  Eeed,  Caroline 
Russell,  Edmund  Borden,  Frederick  Partridge.  Moses 
Beach, Taylor, Bartlette,  C.  P.  Barnes. 

In  1901  the  district  schools  were  abandoned  and  the  cen- 
tralized system  inaugurated.     It  has  proved  a  success. 

Mrs.  Lilian  A.  Davis.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Beach,  and  Mrs. 


588  HISTORY  OF  TKrilBULL  COU^'TY 

Ellen  Rutledge  have  served  on  the  board  of  education.  The 
members  of  the  present  board  are  John  8.  Pelton,  ])resi- 
deut ;  AVm.  J.  Martin,  clerk ;  David  Lees,  ^Nfungo  Brownlee 
and  ^lark  Endkin. 

The  teachers  are  Superintendent  J.  E;  Boetticher;  as- 
sistant high  school  teacher,  Mrs.  Lena  Noxoa  Boetticher; 
grammar,  Miss  Edna  E.  Lowrie;  intermediate.  Miss  Elsie 
Neikle;  primary.  Miss  Zulu  Davis;  assistant  grade  teacher. 
Miss  Mary  Hobart. 

Caroline  Gray,  afterwards  Mrs.  Daniel  ^liller,  taught 
school  here  when  the  schoolhouse  stood  south  of  where  the 
road  diverges  to  Orangeville  at  the  late  Alvau  Hayes  farm. 
She  cut  notches  in  the  benches,  and  the  girls'  dresses  were 
not  allowed  to  lie  over  them.  She  had  a  whip  with  a  pin  in 
the  end  which  she  used  on  the  ]iupils  who  did  not  sit  up 
straight.  AVlien  the  girls  swept,  she  would  complain  of  the 
floor  not  being  clean.  If  they  excused  it  by  saying  dirt  had 
been  tracked  in  since  the  sweeping  was  done,  she  would 
reply,  "I  can  see  old  dirt." 

George  Hallock,  who  came  from  Rhode  Island  and  set- 
tled in  Fowler,  also  taught  in  this  schoolhouse. 

Sylvia  Ilaiues,  the  daughter  of  Asa  Haines,  was  also  one 
of  the  early  school  teachers.  She  taught  in  A'ernon  in  1830,  just 
norih  of  the  Sutlift"  grove.  Her  sister  Harriet  taught  in  the 
brick  schoolhouse  in  Burghill.  Sylvia  Haines  was  the  mother 
of  Judge  ]).  E.  Gilbert,  and  spent  her  last  days  in  "Warren. 

Mary  Anne  Smith,  who  married  Nathan  Morton,  was  a 
school  teacher  in  the  early  '40s.  Slie  had  five  daughfei's  who 
also  taught  school. 

Asa  Haines  Sr.  moved  to  "\'ernon  from  Connecticut  in  181 8. 
He  died  there  in  1840.  Asa  Haines  Jr.,  who  always  spelled  his 
name  "Haynes,"  was  born  in  Connecticut.  He  was  one  of  the 
last  of  the  associate  .instices  of  this  district.  He  was  a  saddler 
by  trade.    He  was  the  father  of  Sylvia  Haines  above  mentioned. 

Two  men  who  achieved  national  reputation  resided  in  Ver- 
non. One  was  P.  P.  Bliss,  who  moved  there  with  his  parents  in 
1844  and  lived  there  some  little  time.  His  mother  possessed  a 
beautiful  voice,  and  was  one  of  the  early  singers  who  could 
"read  notes."  Calvin  Kingsley,  who  attended  Allegheny  Col- 
lege, taught  school  in  ^"ernon,  and  resided  there  for  some  little 
time.    He  afterwards  became  the  well  known  Bishop  Kingsley. 


CPIAPTEK  IJ.— VIENNA. 


P''iRST     Events. — Bethsiteba     Burk. — Hutchins. — Woodford. — 
^Vheeler. — Bartholomew. — Betts. — IIumison. — 
Baldwix. — Mackey. — The  Schools 
AND  Churches. 

The  group  of  townsliips  in  the  eastern  ^jart  of  the  county 
were  separated  in  ]S()(i,  number  4,  running  through  the  tirst  and 
second  range.  In  1810  the  ranges  were  separated,  and  number 
4.  range  2,  was  created,  and  later  known  as  Menna.  When  or 
why  this  name  was  given  is  not  known. 

Tlie  tirst  marriage  was  that  of  Samuel  Hutchins  and 
Freelove  Flower,  and  the  second,  of  Levi  Foote  ( Beth- 
sheba  Burr  Foote 's  son)  and  Millie  Allen. 

Lavinia  Flower,  born  in  1801,  living  eighty  years,  was 
tlie  tirst  child  born  in  ^"ienua  township. 

The  tirst  death  was  that  of  Abiel  Bartholomew.  lie 
was  killed  by  the  falhng  of  a  tree  in  1805. 

The  tirst  frame  barn  was  built  by  Joel  Humison,  and 
the  second  by  Simeon  AVheeler.  I^oth  were  still  standing  a 
few  years  since. 

The  tirst  sawmill  was  Imilt  by  Samuel  Lowrey  and  was 
on  Squaw  creek. 

The  first  frame  liouse  Avas  Isaac  Humison's,  and  Isaac 
Powers  was  the  first  merchant. 

The  first  orchard  was  ])lanted  by  Simeon  Wheeler  on 
the  L  B.  Paine  farm.  Some  of  these  trees  were  seen  by  the 
author  a  few  years  since. 

Scpiire  Clinton  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
the  first  lawsuit  in  the  township  was  tried  before  him.  A 
man  who  drank  too  much  and  abused  his  wife  was  com- 
plained of,  by  her,  and  a  hearing  on  the  matter  was  held. 

Among  the  names  of  the  early  families  we  fiaid  Flower, 
Foote,  Palmer,  Paine,  Woodford,  Humison,  TMieeler,  Bartholo- 
mew, Lowrey,  Truesdell,  Stewart,  Andrews,  and  Hutchins. 

589 


390  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

The  origiual  owners  of  Vienna  were  Uriel  Holmes,  Eph- 
raim  Eoot,  and  Timothy  Burr.  Mr.  Holmes,  it  is  said,  came  out 
with  a  surveying  party  in  1798.  As  was  the  usual  way,  they 
went  east  in  the  fall,  and  returned  the  following  spring. 

The  dates  of  these  iirst  comers  are  confused,  and  no  writ- 
ten documents  could  be  obtained.  So  whether  Mr.  Flower  and 
Palmer  came  in  1799  or  1800  is  not  positive,  but  that  they  were 
the  iirst  settlers,  is  sure. 

Very  little  is  known  of  Mr.  Palmer.  He  was  one  of  the  sur- 
veyors emjjloyed  by  Holmes.  That  his  cabin  was  burned  in  1800, 
is  recorded. 

Possibly  this  is  the  place  to  speak  at  length  of  one  of  the 
most  remarkaljle  women  Trumbull  County  has  ever  had.  She 
was  Bethsheba  Burr,  a  relative  of  Aaron,  and  apparently  she 
had  some  of  his  initiative  and  energetic  spirit.  She  was  born  in 
1755,  in  Granby,  Connecticut,  and  married  a  Mr.  Foote.  Some 
records  say  his  name  was  Joseph,  others  Asa.  Undoubtedly  it 
was  her  energetic  spirit  which  brought  the  family  to  New  York. 
While  living  here,  her  husband,  like  most  of  the  men  of  that 
time  took  up  arms  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  killed,  and 
she  was  left  in  her  western  home  so  desperately  poor  that  it  is 
a  wonder  some  of  her  children  did  not  die  of  stai'vation.  Once 
she  carried  a  sack  of  corn  twenty  miles  to  get  it  ground  into 
meal,  leaving  her  children  alone  during  her  absence.  It  was 
that  or  starve.  The  nearby  neighbors  looked  after  her  some- 
what, one  of  them  giving  her  a  piece  of  meat  and  some  meal, 
upon  which  she  subsisted  for  a  little  time.  Finally,  binding  out 
her  oldest  son,  she  started  for  Connecticut  on  foot,  and  begged 
her  food  as  she  went.  She  carried  her  baby  in  her  arms,  led 
one  little  child,  while  the  other  walked  by  her  side.  Could  there 
be  a  more  desolate,  desperate  picture  than  this?  Two  things 
brightened  her  way,  one,  the  kindness  of  the  people  to  whom  she 
applied,  and  the  other,  that  she  was  going  home.  After  such  an 
experience,  one  would  expect  to  find  her  a  broken-down,  pessi- 
mistic person.  However,  she  was  not.  A^Hiat  she  did  for  a  little 
time,  we  do  not  know,  Imt  when  Isaac  Flower  and  his  party 
started  for  the  Western  Reserve,  she,  as  his  wife,  accompanied 
them.  When  they  arrived  at  Yomigstown,  the  'wagons  were 
more  or  less  dilapidated,  and  the  roads  im]iassable,  and  her 
daughter  Bethsheba  with  Freelove  Flower  (undoubtedly  her 
step-daughter)  walked  the  eighteen  miles  to  Vienna,  and  wei-e 
therefore  the  pioneer  women  in  that  town.    With  her  energetic 


HISTOIJY  OF  TIMMIULL  CorXTV  oDI 

spirit  she  entered  into  her  new  (hities,  and  died  in  that  town- 
ship, the  oldest  woman  to  have  ever  lived  there.  However  there 
were  eventful  years  between  tlie  time  she  first  set  her  foot  on 
Vienna  soil  to  the  time  she  was  laid  away,  peacefully  to  slee]) 
in  the  cemetery.  Her  daughter,  Lavinia  Flower,  was  the  first 
white  child  born  in  the  township.  She  married  a  Mr.  Steele, 
and  died  in  1881.  During  Mrs.  Flower's  early  life  in  Vienna, 
she  and  her  daughters,  possibly  the  girls  who  had  walked  to 
Connecticut  with  her,  were  in  their  cabin,  when  an  Indian  was 
seen  to  come  out  of  the  thicket,  followed  by  five  or  six  others, 
two  or  three  squaws,  carrying  pa])00ses.  They  came  directh' 
to  her  door.  Laying  their  bundles  on  the  grass,  they  had  a  con 
sulfation  in  which  there  was  a  good  deal  of  meri'iment.  Of 
course  Mrs.  Flower  was  alarmed.  But  her  natural  courage 
served  her  well,  for  she  walked  out,  greeted  them  cheerfully, 
shook  hands  with  them,  invited  them  in,  and  gave  them  food. 
Presently  they  asked  for  "tire-water."  She  explained  to  them 
that  there  was  none  in  the  house.  This  they  did  not  believe 
since  they  saw  tlie  whiskey  barrel  in  the  coruer.  She  ex- 
plained to  them  that  the  contents  tliat  morning  had  been  taken 
to  a  raising,  and  there  was  nothing  in  the  barrel  but  the  odor. 
At  length  they  were  convinced,  and  withdrew.  In  1813  Isaac 
Flower  died.  Levi  Foote,  Mrs.  Flower's  son,  had  moved  to 
Fowler,  and  his  child  was  the  first  white  child  born  in  that 
township  (Fowler).  One  of  the  foremost  citizens  of  Hartford 
was  Captain  Thomas  Thompson.  The  woman  he  brought  with 
him  was  his  second  wife,  and  she  died  about  the  time  that  Isaac 
Flower  passed  away.  C*aptain  Thompson  was  a  strong  char- 
acter and  certainly  Bethsheba  Burr  Foote  Flower  was  also.  It 
was  natural  therefore  that  these  people,  of  this  character,  both 
"twice  bereft,"  should  marry.  The  new  Mrs.  Thompson  dis- 
played the  same  courage  during  her  third  venture  in  her  new 
home  as  she  had  in  early  life.  She  killed  at  least  one  wolf,  in-ob- 
ably  two.  A  recorder  of  the  history  of  one  township  says  she 
shot  a  wolf,  and  another  that  she  caught  one  with  a  trap,  and 
received  the  ten  dollar  bounty  offered  for  it.  We  are  sorry 
to  record  that  the  man  who  loaned  her  the  trajj  claimed  half 
the  money,  and  as  far  as  we  know  this  was  the  only  time  Beth- 
sheba got  the  worst  of  the  bargain.  She  spent  her  last  days 
in  "\^ienna  as  recorded  above. 

Samuel  Hutchins,  a  lad  brought  up  by  Holmes,  had  helped 
Palmer  survey  the  township,  and  for  his  services,  was  given 


dl)->  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

one  liuudred  acres  of  land.  He  chose  what  is  now  known  as 
"Payne's  Corners,"  and  this  farm  was  probably  the  first  to 
Avhich  any  man  had  a  deed,  in  Vienna.  His  marriage  to  Free 
love  Flower  was  in  January,  1803.  Their  children  were:  Hi- 
ram, who  married  Eliza  Lane;  Amoretta  (Mrs.  Eichard  Treat) ; 
Mary  (Mrs.  Augustus  Fuller)  ;  John  married  Ehoda  Andrews; 
Serena  (Mrs.  Augustus  Eeid) ;  Lucia,  who  was  first  Mrs.  Cot- 
ton and  then  Mrs.  Andrews ;  and  Betsey,  Mrs.  L.  B.  Lane.  The 
latter  was  a  missionary  to  Siam.  These  children,  most  of 
them,  were  identified  with  the  early  history  of  Trumbull 
County.  Hiram's  daughter,  Lovisa,  married  S.  AY.  Strain,  and 
he  has  been  a  route  agent  for  fifty  years.  He  is  greatly  re- 
spected. His  youngest  son,  Charles,  is  the  leading  dressmaker 
of  Trumbull  County.  LTrial,  undoubtedly  named  for  L'rial 
Holmes,  who  had  been  a  father  to  Samuel  Hutchins,  married 
Emily  Bennett,  of  the  Bennett  family  of  Hartford.  One  of  her 
sisters  was  the  second  wife  to  Samuel  Qninby,  the  other  was 
Mrs.  Calvin  Sutliff.  John  early  moved  to  Warren,  was  a  law- 
yer, became  interested  in  politics,  local  and  state,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  national  house  of  representatives  from  1859-63. 
He  had  a  number  of  children,  Mary,  the  oldest  being  a  leader, 
socially,  in  her  girlhood  days ;  Horace,  who  became  associated 
with  Eockefeller  and  the  Standard  Oil  Company  when  a  young 
man,  and  is  now  exceedingly  wealthy ;  John  C,  who  was  first 
a  lawyer  in  AYarreu,  then  moved  to  Cleveland,  where  he  prac- 
ticed law,  became  judge  of  the  court,  postmaster  of  the  city, 
and  now  is  an  attorney  in  good  practice. 

The  third  family  to  settle  in  Vienna  was  Isaac  Wood- 
ford's. He  came  in  the  usual  way,  by  ox-cart,  and  suffered 
the  usual  ])rivation,  cutting  a  roadway,  and  all  that.  The 
Woodford  family  dates  back  to  the  Puritan  stock  more  direct- 
ly than  many  of  the  early  settlers  of  Vienna.  He  was  ordi- 
narily called  "Deacon,"  and  having  joined  the  church  at 
twenty -four,  it  is  recorded  that  he  adhered  to  the  motto  "As 
for  me  and  my  house,  Ave  will  serve  the  Lord. ' '  This  puts  the 
author  in  the  right  frame  of  mind  to  preach  a  sermon.  Was  it 
not  strange  that  custom  interpreted  religion  and  men  them- 
selves believed  that  a  man  was  absolutely  religious,  that  he 
was  saved  from  hell  fires,  when  he  said  that  "He  and  his  house 
would  serve  the  Lord."  It  has  only  just  begim  to  dawn  upon 
people  that  a  man  can  speak  for  himself;  that  the  wife  may 
have  her  own  religion,  that  the  children  under  guidance  may 


niST(.)i;Y  OF  Tiil'^llULL  I'orXTY  503 

develop  theiiis^elves.  No  man  has  a  right  to  say  what  others 
shall  do,  but  he  has  not  only  a  right,  but  a  bouudeu  duty  to 
say  what  he  himself  shall  do.  Well,  Deacon  Isaac  was  a  pretty 
good  man.  He  led  jjrayer  meetings,  taught  Sabbath  school,  did 
his  share  of  civic  work,  and  his  wife,  Statira,  literally,  "kept 
to  her  knitting."  She  not  only  knit,  but  she  s])un  and  wove, 
made  cheese  which  she  sold  at  five  cents  a  pound.  She  not 
only  sold  her  products,  but  slic  packed  the  same  on  her  horse, 
and  trotted  oft'  to  Warren,  ten  miles  away,  when  she  exchanged 
them  for  necessaries  and  luxuries,  which  her  family  ate  or 
used.  It  is  said  she  had  an  indomital:)le  will,  was  exceedingly 
robust  and  healthy ;  at  any  rate,  the  deacon  died  before  she  did. 
She  then  married  Henry  Lane,  and  was  the  second  time  a 
widow.     She  had  six  daughters. 

The  year  that  Isaac  Woodford  came  to  tlie  township,  Joel 
and  Isaac  Ilmnison.  Simeon  AVheeler,  Setli  Bartholomew,  and 
Sylvester  Woodford  came  also,  and  their  descendants  have 
always  been  among  the  xirominent  citizens  of  the  township. 

Darius  Woodford,  who  came  in  1804,  possibly  1803,  mar- 
ried Bertha  Bass,  and  together  they  made  the  trip  from  their 
Connecticut  home.  They  stayed  in  the  log  cabin  of  ^Ir.  and 
Mrs.  Isaac  AVoodford  until  theii'  own  house  was  erected.  Their 
frame  house,  which  replaced  the  log  one,  was  built  in  1812. 
One  night  during  the  early  years  of  their  marriage,  when  Mr. 
Woodford  had  gone  to  Warren  for  salt  and  other  iirovisions, 
and  was  overtaken  by  a  ]ianther.  he  sto))ped  at  Mr.  Lewis'  for 
the  night.  His  wife,  standing  outside  of  her  cabin  waiting  for 
him  to  come,  saw  that  the  roof  was  atire.  She  got  a  ladder, 
began  carrying  water,  doing  all  she  ]iossible  could  to  quench 
the  tlames,  which  were  getting  sadly  ahead  of  her.  Then  liap- 
])ened  the  thing  which  usually  happens  only  in  bouks.  In  that 
wild  country  where  houses  were  far  apart,  whei'c  ]»eo])k'  sel- 
dom went  out  at  night,  some  men  who  ha|)peued  to  have  busi- 
ness in  that  direction,  appeared  ujion  the  scene  at  tin'  right 
moment,  and  helped  her  to  save  her  home.  Her  oldest  daugh- 
ter was  one  of  the  early  school  teachers  of  Hartford.  She  was 
a  splendid  student.  She  attended  school  in  Warren,  and  after- 
wards the  school  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  which  Catherine 
Beecher  and  her  famous  sister,  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  taught. 
This  daugliter.  Eliza,  married  J.  J.  Humison,  and  thus  were 
united  two  of  the  early  families.  Eliza  lived  to  be  eighty  years 
old,  dving  in  1890.     The  second  daughter  married  Nathaniel 


5'.1-i  HISTORY  OF  Tur:\rBULL  corxTY 

Hayes,  the  tii\st  practieiug  physician  iu  Vienna.  Sophroua 
married  Adam  McClurg.  The  youngest  married  Mr.  Strain, 
and  lived  i^pon  the  old  homestead. 

Isaac  Woodford  Jr.  married  Phoebe  ^lerritt.  She  had  a 
rather  nnnsnal  education  for  the  girls  of  her  time  and  ^u'as  the 
first  person  to  sign  a  temperance  pledge  in  the  township.  Her 
husband's  uncle,  Darius,  was  one  of  the  earliest  temperance 
advocates  among  men. 

Simeon  Wheeler  was  the  father  of  Albert  Wheeler,  who 
began  life  in  Warren  as  a  tinner,  and  through  good  business 
methods  and  integrity  acquired  a  handsome  property.  For  a 
nnmlier  of  years  he  was  cashier,  and  then  x^resident,  of  the 
AVestern  Eesei've  Bank.  He  died  a  few  years  since  at  his 
home  on  Park  avenue,  leaving  a  widow,  Sarah,  who  was  a 
daughter  of  the  Mr.  Gaskill  who  built  the  Gaskill  House,  and 
who  is  referred  to  in  the  early  part  of  this  history.  From  this, 
union  there  were  three  daugliters,  Lillian,  Anna  and  Marion. 
The  oldest  and  youngest  now  reside  in  Trumbull  County,  Mrs. 
Late  Abel  and  Mrs.  Howard  Ingersol.  Simeon  Wheeler's  old 
farm,  after  a  time,  passed  by  sale  into  the  hands  of  Ichabod 
Payne,  and  the  portion  of  Vienna  in  which  it  stood  was  named 
Payne's  Corners. 

The  Bartholomew  family  were  long  identified  with  Vienna. 
E.  Bartholomew,  of  the  second  generation,  a  carpenter  and 
contractor  by  trade,  early  moved  to  Cuyahoga  county,  and 
when  he  was  twenty-two  returned  to  Warren,  where  he  lived  a 
great  many  years.  He  then  went  back  to  Vienna  and  died  re- 
cently. Two  of  his  daughters,  Ida  and  Mary,  married  and  re- 
sided in  Chicago.  Another  member  of  this  family,  AVilliam 
Bartholomew,  for  many  years  lived  in  Warren,  and  died  in 
3908.  His  oldest  daughter  married  J.  M.  Gledhill,  so  long  con- 
nected with  the  Warren  Chronicle.  One  of  the  older  members 
of  this  family,  Abial,  died  after  he  had  been  in  the  new  settle- 
ment but  a  year.  He  was  killed  by  a  falling  tree.  Miss  Lulie 
Mackey  says  "The  kind  neighbors  cleared  away  a  little  space 
of  the  forest,  and  in  a  rougli  coffin,  on  a  bleak  winter  day,  laid 
him  away, — the  first  in  that  silent  city,  which  has  grown  until 
today  its  inhaliitants  are  even  more  numerous  than  the  living 
around  them." 

Xenai)hon  Belts  and  his  wife  Jane  were  among  the  later 
settlers  of  Vienna.  Betts  was  a  minister  and  served  the  Pres- 
byterian church  twenty-eight  j^ears.     He  was  not  only  inter- 


uis'i'()i;v  OF  'I'lfr.Mr.rLL  corxTV  uii.!. 

ested  iu  his  own  tmvn.ship,  but  in  the  county's  educational  and 
religious  aii'airs.  He  had  five  children,  the  best  known  beini;- 
J)r.  Helen  Betts,  now  a  successful  practicing  physician  in  Bos- 
ton. Slie  was  the  first  woman  physician  in  Trumbull  County, 
being  a  student  of  D.  B.  Woods.  After  she  had  taken  her  medi- 
cal course  and  graduated,  practiced  foi-  a  little  time  in  Wancii, 
she  went  to  Youngstown,  and  then  to  15oston.  She  made  a  place 
for  herself  in  the  profession,  wlieii  that  profession  liardl>'  toler- 
ated women. 

James  .1.  Truesdell  reached  A'ienna  in  ISO,")  and  lived  the 
i-emainder  of  hi.-^  life  there,  dying  in  ISo'J.  He  was  justice  of 
the  peace  for  eighteen  years.  His  son  Hairy  was  also  a  lesi- 
dent  of  ^"ienna,  having  been  born  just  i)revious  to  the  coming 
of  the  family,  in  1834  he  married  Emmaline,  daughter  of 
Deacon  Wolcott.  Mr.  Truesdell  was  justice  of  the  i)eace  foi- 
twenty-one  years. 

One  of  the  most  important  families  in  ^'ienna  is  the  Jlumi- 
sons,  and  we  are  able  to  get  little  or  no  data  in  regard  to  them. 
From  the  beginning  they  were  good  citizens,  and  Joel  Hmni- 
son,  who  was  boi'u  in  1839  and  married  Juliette  A.  Befts.  was 
in  the  vigor  of  his  manhood  one  of  the  best  business  men  of 
the  town.  He  was  at  the  head  of  the  rake  factory  and  engaged 
in  other  enterprises.  The  mother  of  C.  H.  Andrews  of  Youngs- 
town was  Julia  Humison.  His  miildle  name  was  given  for  her 
family  and  he  was  liorn  in  Vienna. 

Jesse  Baldwin,  with  liis  wife,  T'hebe  Pardee,  and  ten  chil- 
dren, came  to  Vernon  in  1815  from  their  home  in  West  Avon, 
Connecticut.  Their  joui'uey  Avas  like  all  the  rest,  and  their 
hardships  were  the  same  after  they  reached  their  new  home. 
Airs.  Baldwin  (Phebe  Pardee)  was  a  cripple  from  childhood  and 
as  little  was  known  about  surgery  at  that  time,  or  about 
mechanical  apparatus  for  assisting  lame  i^eople,  she  went  aliout 
all  her  life  with  the  aid  of  a  chair.  Xancy,  the  oldest  daugh- 
ter, married  Allen  Kutliff,  a  brother  of  Judge  Milton  Sutliff, 
late  of  Warren.  Phebe,  another  daughter,  married  Alanson 
Smith  of  Fowler.  Xelson,  who  was  one  and  one-half  years  old 
when  his  parents  came,  lived  in  Vienna.  He  married  Maria 
Scoville.  The  old  Baldwin  homestead  in  Vienna,  located  one 
and  one-half  miles  west  of  Vienna  Center,  is  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  William  Munsou. 

Mr.  Baldwin  was  a  tanner,  and  Mrs.  Baldwin,  despite  her 
affliction,  made  the  clothing  winter  and  summer,  for  the  fam- 


r.OG  ITISTOItY  OF  TKT':\rBrLL  COrXTY 

ily,  and  she  was  a  inarvelou.s  needlewomau.  She  lived  with 
her  son  Nelson,  in  the  old  home  until  she  was  eighty-one  years 
old.  It  is  said  that  the  old  home  in  the  early  days  of  the  Bald- 
wins was  a  social  place,  and  that  they  were  all  exceedingly  hon- 
est and  straight-forward  in  their  dealings. 

Andrew  Mackey,  his  wife  Mary  Murray,  and  three  sons 
Hugh,  James,  and  Andrew  Jr..  came  to  Vienna  in  1805.  An- 
drew Jr.  married  Mary  Bartholomew,  whose  son  Ira  is  the 
father  of  Miss  Lulie  Mackey,  Mrs.  William  McNaughton  and 
Ira  ]\[ackey  Jr.,  of  AVarren.  Mrs.  Mary  Bartholomew  ^lackey 
was  the  daughter  of  Mrs.  Ira  Bartholomew,  who  taught  one 
of  the  first  schools  in  Vienna. 

Ira  Mackey  Sr.  was  born  in  ^''ieuna,  October,  1829.  Early 
jn  life  he  resolved  to  have  a  college  education,  but  this  was 
not  accomplished,  because  of  the  death  of  his  father.  In  1855 
he  married  Elmina  Baldwin,  who  is  still  living.  She  "is  known 
to  her  friends  to  be  ever  ready  to  assist  the  sick  and  needy  and 
lend  a  helping  hand  in  any  charitable  work;  unselfish  to  the 
last  degree;  ever  hospitable,  loving  her  home,  children,  and 
flowers  better  than  notoriety."  Their  children  are  Mellie  (Mrs. 
Wm.  McNaughton  of  Warren) ;  Lulie,  who  is  mentioned  in  the 
cha])ter  on  Bench  &  Bar;  and  Ira  B.  The  last  named  is  a 
pronfinent  lunilier  dealer  in  Warren.  He  married  Mina  Bris- 
bane, and  has  one  daughter,  Jean. 

One  of  the  siibstantial  citizens  of  A'ienna  was  Andrew  J. 
Andrews.  He  married  Eosina  Hamlilin,  and  after  her  death, 
Mary  Barnhisel.  His  occupation  was  that  of  a  cattle  drover. 
Two  children  were  born,  Lucy  E.  and  Lucius,  who  married  Cor- 
nelia AVoodford.  The  son  was  a  teacher,  and  his  daughter, 
Mary  E.,  is  the  wife  of  E.  L.  Hauser,  and  resides  in  Girard. 

We  have  noticed  that  in  each  township  there  was  a  woman 
or  two,  so  skilful  in  nursing  and  so  acquainted  with  herbs  and 
poultices,  that  she  took  the  ]iart  of  an  early  physician.  These 
women  expected  to  l)e  at  the  call  of  the  neighbors.  Mrs.  Daniel 
Griffis,  who  came  to  A^ienna  in  1819,  occupied  that  place  for 
that  townshi]).  Her  husband,  a  wagon-maker  by  trade,  a  dea- 
con in  th(>  Presbyterian  chiirch,  died  rather  early,  and  left  her 
with  six  children.  She  is  well  remembered  by  the  children  and 
the  grandchildren  of  the  early  Vienna  folks. 

Air.  and  Mrs.  Alderman  came  to  Vienna  in  1804.  They 
walked  most  of  the  way.  Mrs.  Alderman  carried  a  young  child, 
three  years  old.     They  slept  in  the  wagon  which  carried  their 


lilSTOlJY  OF  THU-AIEULL  COUNTY  M: 

goods,  aud  cooked  ou  the  grouud.  Mrs.  Alderman  and  children 
often  started  before  the  teams  were  ready  in  the  morning,  aud 
would  be  overtaken  by  noon.  ]Mr.  Alderman  died  when  they 
had  been  in  the  town  a  few  years,  and  she  bought  seventy  acres 
of  land,  aud  she  aud  her  daughters  paid  for  it.  In  181l!  they 
wove  one  hundred  yards  of  tow  and  liuen  cloth,  selling  it  to  the 
soldiers  in  Ashtabula  county  for  tifty  cents  a  yard. 

Miss  Lnlie  Mackey  says:  "In  the  spring  of  1S05,  the 
worthy  fathers  and  mothers  of  ^"ienna  recog-nized  the  neces- 
sity of  educational  privileges  for  their  rapidly  increasing  chil- 
dren, and  glancing  about  them  for  an  eligil)le  site,  they  de- 
cided upon  an  unoccupied  hog-pen  about  a  mile  south  of  the 
center.  This  was  immediately  swept,  garnished,  and  supplied 
with  greased  paper  windows,  for  the  children  were  more  preci- 
ous than  pigs,  and  when  properly  dedicated  by  the  insertion 
of  two  pins  for  the  support  of  whips  into  this  temple  of  learn- 
ing, came  the  youth  of  the  neighborhood,  and  were  presided 
over  by  Mrs.  Ira  Bartholomew.  The  following  winter  the 
'schoolhouse'  was  restored  to  its  original  use,  and  Mrs.  Bar- 
tholomew taught  in  a  cal)in.  The  next  summer  a  frame  school- 
house  was  built  at  the  center.  From  that  time  forward,  Vienna 
has  made  a  fair  school  record,  sustaining  for  many  years  an 
academy  and  graded  school  at  the  center." 

In  one  of  the  early  Warren  papers  we  hud  the  following: 

The  subscriber  expects  to  commence  an  English 
school  at  the  center  of  Vienna  on  the  first  Monday  of  De- 
cember next,  for  the  instruction  of  young  gentlemen  and 
ladies  in  aritlimetic,  English  grammar,  geography,  as- 
trontnny,  etc.  The  term  will  be  four  months  and  the  price 
of  tuition  $3  jier  term.  No  scholars  will  be  received  for  less 
than  half  a  term.  The  Sacred  Scriptures  will  be  daily  read 
in  school  and  the  strictest  attention  paid  to  the  morals  and 
manners,  by 

Nathax  B.  D.\eeow. 

The  first  schoolhouse  built  in  the  township  in  180G  was  a 
frame  building.  The  next  year  Andrew  Bushnell  of  Hartford 
was  the  teacher. 

The  Presbyterian  church  existed  early  in  Vienna.  It  was 
organized  in  1805  by  Thomas  Bobbins,  under  the  "plan  of 
union."     Isaac  Flower,  Eosannah  Williams,   Samuel  Clinton, 


598  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUNTY 

Anne  "Wheeler,  Josepli  and  Sylvia  Bartholomew,  John  and  Lois 
Clark,  Eobert  and  ]^lontgomery  Hughes,  James  and  Jane  Mont- 
gomery, and  Isaac  Woodford  were  the  original  members.  At 
first  services  were  held  largely  in  private  residences,  ^nd  some- 
times in  schoolhouses.  In  1810  they  had  a  regular  minister,  the 
Eev.  Nathan  Darrow.  He  stayed  four  years,  and  entered  the 
missionary  field.  Later  he  returned  to  Vienna,  where  he  taught 
school  and  preached  until  1828.  Eev.  John  Core  was  made 
pastor  over  the  church  at  Youngstown,  Vienna  and  Brookfield. 
In  1830  Eev.  Bierge  had  charge  and  stayed  five  years,  when. 
Eev.  E.  B.  Chamberlain  siicceeded  him.  Zenaphon  Betts  above 
referred  to  was  installed  as  pastor  in  1843,  and  continued  in 
that  capacity  until  his  death,  twenty-eight  years.  The  church 
was  for  some  little  time  Avithout  a  minister,  and  in  1873  Eev. 
J.  E.  Stockton  was  given  charge  of  the  congregations  of 
Vienna  and  Brookfield.  In  1835  Isaac  Woodford  was  deacon; 
in  1837,  Samuel  Hut  chins ;  in  1838,  Dexter  Clinton.  In  1853  the 
church  building  was  burned  and  everything  destroyed.  The 
next  year  the  new  church  was  dedicated.  Just  before  the  death 
of  the  Eev.  Mr.  Betts,  the  form  was  changed  from  Congrega- 
tional to  Presbyterian. 

The  Methodist  church  of  Vienna  is  no  exception  to  the 
Methodist  church  of  other  townships,  in  that  few,  if  any,  rec- 
ords are  kept.  A  class  was  early  formed  and  meetings  held  in 
the  southwest  part  of  the  township.  Sometimes  this  locality 
was  called  "Methodist  Corners."  Here  a  church  was  built. 
Timothy  B.  Clark  was  a  class-leader,  and,  besides  himself,  Ira 
Bartholomew,  Elisha  Booth,  Maria  Fuller,  and  Andrew  Mac- 
key  were  early  members.  In  1820  the  circuit  riders  began 
visiting  Vienna,  and  a  meeting-house  at  the  center  was  erected 
in  1850. 

At  one  time  the  Catholics  held  services  at  the  center  of 
Vienna,  but  after  the  coal  was  exhausted  in  that  township, 
their  services  were  discontinued. 

In  the  early  '60s  the  coal  of  Vienna,  which  had  been  seen 
in  small  quantities,  was  first  mined.  By  1869  these  coal  fields 
were  largely  developed,  and  a  branch  railroad  was  run  into 
the  township.  Ira  B.  Mackey  was  the  contractor  who  sank 
the  first  shaft  and  the  men  who  were  largely  interested  in  it 
financiallv  were  C.  H.  Andrews  and  AVilliam  J.  Hitchcock. 


CHAPTER  LIT.— WEATHERSFIELI). 

Harmon    Family. — Ohltown. — Mineral    Eidge. — Niles. — Iron 

]\Ianufacture. — The  Eaton  Family. — Founding 

AND  Growth  of  Niles. — William 

McKinley'. — Schools 

and  Churches. 

Xo.  3  rang-e  3,  was  named  Weatliersfield  from  a  town  in 
Connecticut,  but  probably  that  township  had  in  the  beginning, 
and  has  continued  to  have,  the  least  of  the  spirit  of  New  Eng- 
land of  any  of  the  townships  in  Trumbull  C'ounty.  The  fam- 
ous Salt  Springs  tract  referred  to  so  often  by  all  historians 
lay  largely  in  this  townshi}). 

Reuben  Harmon,  of  Vermont,  bought  this  tract  of  laud  and 
was  early  on  the  ground.  The  McMahon  tragedy  delayed  the 
settlement  of  that  district,  but  finally  Mr.  Harmon,  in  1801, 
l)rought  Ruth  R.  Harmon,  his  wife,  and  family  to  Weathers- 
field.  She  was  the  pioneer  woman.  Mr.  Harmon  died  early, 
and  Mrs.  Hamion  and  her  sons,  Heman  R.  and  John  B..  man- 
aged this  property  for  a  nmnber  of  years.  They  finally  moved 
to  Warren  and  were  identified  with  the  history  of  that  town- 
ship. The  family,  however,  continued  to  own  this  tract  for 
many  years. 

Josiali  Eobbins,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Niles,  visited 
this  tract  in  1799.  His  daughter,  Maria  Ingraham,  who  made 
a  study  of  the  people  and  conditions  of  the  early  times,  in 
speaking  of  the  pioneer  mothers  and  her  privations  and  cour- 
age, says,  '"A  thi'iftless.  Godless  woman  was  the  exception 
among  them." 

The  first  postoffice  was  established  in  Weathersfield  in 
1825,  Andrew  Trew  postmaster. 

Little  is  known  of  the  early  schools  of  the  townships,  and 
strange  as  it  may  seem,  there  was  not  a  single  church  in  this 
township  until  1840,  thirty-seven  years  after  the  first  church 

599 


600  HISTORY  OF  TEUMBULL  COUA'TY 

was  organized  in  tlie  county.  People  from  Niles  went  by  horse- 
back to  Yoiuigstown,  Howland,  and  Warren,  to  church,  often 
carrying  their  babies  witli  them,  as  they  did  elsewhere. 

The  first  burying  place  in  the  township  was  near  Salt 
Springs.  Several  interments  were  made  here  but  later  the 
bodies  were  removed,  and  the  exact  spot  where  they  lay  is 
not  known. 

The  Union  cemetery  is  the  principal  one  of  the  towushii). 
Burials  were  made  there  as  early  as  1804.  It  is  supposed  that 
Hannah,  daughter  of  James  Heatou,  was  the  first  body  buried 
here. 

Niles,  Ohltown,  and  Mineral  Ridge  are  in  this  township, 
and  most  of  the  history  is  found  under  those  heads. 

Oliltoicii. 

Ohltown  is  a  mile  and  a  half  west  of  Mineral  Ridge.  It 
was  named  for  its  first  settler,  Michael  Ohl.  Some  years  ago 
it  was  a  thriving-  little  hamlet,  but  the  coming  of  the  street 
car,  the  steam  car,  the  automobile,  telegraidi  and  telephone, 
has  done  for  Ohltown  the  same  thing  that  has  been  done  to 
other  towns — drawn  the  inhabitants  to  nearby  cities,  and  re- 
duced the  number  of  residents. 

Michael  Ohl  was  an  energetic  business  man  who  very  soon 
after  settling  built  a  grist  mill  and  a  saw  mill.  Both  were  ex- 
ceedingly primitive.  The  first  grist  mill  was  soon  replaced  by 
a  better  one,  and  as  this  was  burned,  a  third  and  more  sub- 
stantial one  was  erected  in  1844.  He  also  l)uilt  an  oil  mill,  but 
this  did  not  prove  a  financial  success,  and  was  abandoned.  He 
kept  the  first  store.  He  also  was  instrumental  in  starting  the 
first  school  in  1857.  Almou  McCorkle  was  the  first  teacher.  It 
was  held  in  the  old  Methodist  church. 

In  1838  a  Methodist  class  as  formed  of  fifteen  members, 
Joseph  Turner  being  the  leader.  After  a  time  Oliltowu  was 
made  a  station  on  the  Liberty  circuit,  and  very  many  able 
preachers  served  it.  Among  these  was  Stephen  Hurd.  He 
was  a  tall,  dignified  man,  and,  after  he  retired,  lived  in  IVar- 
ren.  The  circuit  riders  were  all  good  horsemen ;  most  of  them 
were  fond  of  horses,  naturally,  and  spending  so  much  time  with 
the  animals  as  they  were  obliged  to  in  their  long  drives,  they 
became  attached  to  them.  To  his  last  day  the  Rev.  Stephen 
Hurd  drove  his  horse,  which  was  light  of  foot,  about  the  streets 


lilSTOHY  OF  'ri;U3IBl'LL  ('(JI-XTY  601 

of  Warreu.  This  horse  had  not  as  line  a  tail  as  its  owner 
wanted,  and  he  therefore  purchased  a  false  tail  into  which  he 
put  the  stumpy,  real  tail,  strapping  the  same  to  the  crupper. 
Most  of  Warren's  citizens  admired  this  horse,  with  its  luxuriant 
tail,  but  the  small  boy  in  some  mysterious  way  knew  it  was 
false,  and  one  day  when  the  reverend  gentleman  hitched  his 
horse  on  Market  street,  at  the  time  of  day  when  the  streets 
were  iilled,  this  boy  unhooked  the  tail  strap  and  when  Mr. 
Hurd  cracked  his  whip  to  drive  away,  the  false  api)eudagc 
slipped  to  the  ground,  leaving  only  the  stnm])y  tail  in  view. 
Oh,  if  only  boys  would  use  this  sjilendid  suri)lus  enei'gy  for 
something  else  besides  tricks,  it  would  he  well! 

Because  of  the  iron  works,  mauy  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Weatherstield  were  Welsh,  and  thei-e  were  se\eral  churches 
in  the  townslii}i. 

The  (Jerman  jieople  were  in  certain  spots  in  this  town- 
ship, too,  and  in  18-1-5  there  was  a  German-Eeformed  church 
in  Ohltown,  wliich  was  later  sold  to  the  ^Methodists.  This  con- 
gregation was  converted  into  the  (*uiiil)er]and  Presbytei'ian, 
but  after  a  time  ceased  to  exist. 

The  Presbyterians  also  had  a  meeting  house  as  early  as 
1845.  They  later  sold  this  building  to  the  Primitive  Methouists, 
who  kept  tlie  I'lmi'di  for  a  few  years,  and  disbanded. 

^lineral  Ridge,  which  is  south  of  Niles,  is  a  hamlet  which, 
like  Ohltown,  has  decreased  rather  than  increased  in  the  last 
few  years.  It  is  situated  on  a  picturesque  rise  of  ground,  and 
here  was  found  coal  of  a  supei'ior  kind  and  most  of  the  peo- 
ple in  the  neighborhood  were  miners,  or  connected  with  that 
industry  in  some  way.    Of  course,  there  were  the  usual  farmers. 

Here  lived  Mr.  Abner  Webb,  who  married  IMargaret  Garg- 
hill,  and  whose  brother  was  a  man  of  financial  success.  His 
property  reverted  to  Grant  Webb,  a  son  of  Abner.  Grant  mar- 
ried the  daughter  of  Charles  E.  Henry,  who  was  United  States 
marshal  under  Garfield's  administration.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Welib 
now  live  in  Cleveland,  are  influential  citizens,  and  have  done 
much  in  many  ways  for  Hiram  College.  The  sister  of  Mrs. 
Webb,  Isabelle  Garghill  Beecher,  spent  her  childhood  here,  and 
began  her  public  life  by  teacliing  school.  She  is  probably  the 
best  known  reader  in  the  United  States. 


GO-i  I-IISTOKY  OF  TKUMBl'LL  COUXTY 

Niles. 

The  early  history  of  AVeatliersfield  aud  Niles,  in  a  certain 
sense,  is  identical.  Although  Niles  is  but  five  miles  away  from 
the  county  seat,  the  two  towns  are  as  much  unlike  as  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  Portland,  Maine.  The  differences  will  not  be  noted 
here  for  want  of  space,  but  it  might  be  well  to  say  that  there 
has  always  been  more  or  less  contention  and  jealousy  between 
the  two  towns,  just  as  there  has  always  been  between  individ- 
uals or  politicians  (seldom  are  there  two  United  States  sena- 
tors of  the  same  political  faith  from  the  same  state,  who  do  not 
manifest  this  spirit)  but,  strange  to  say,  although  the  Niles 
politician  has  discredited  the  Warren  politician,  and  the  War- 
ren newspaper  has  passed  unnoticed  the  Niles  newspaper,  and 
so  on,  the  women  of  Warren  and  Niles,  from  the  earliest  time 
to  the  present,  have  been  friendly,  sympathetic,  and  sociable. 

The  first  iron  made  west  of  the  Alleghanies  was  smelted 
in  a  little  furnace  constructed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yellow  creek, 
in  Poland,  about  1802.  Theophiliis  Eaton  was  a  deputy  gov- 
ernor of  the  British  East  India  Company.  He  possessed  both 
wealth  and  influence  and  in  1637  he  brought  a  Puritan  colony  to 
Boston.  He  had  had  the  advantage  of  travel,  and  although  the 
rest  of  the  company  were  thinking  about  religious  liberty,  his 
mind  was  largely  on  founding  a  commercial  community.  John 
Davenport  was  the  spiritual  leader  of  this  company,  and  Mr. 
Eaton  convinced  the  reverend  gentleman  thfjt  it  would  be  as 
much  of  a  spiritual  advantage  as  a  commercial  advantage  to 
move  on  to  some  fertile  spot  where  there  was  a  good  harbor. 
Both  these  men  felt  they  would  not  like  to  get  under  the  control 
of  the  government  of  Massachitsetts,  and  so  they  settled  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  and  named  their  town  New  Haven.  Of 
course,  they  soon  saw  they  would  have  to  have  a  ci\'il  govern- 
ment, and  ]\Ir.  Eaton  was  elected  governor  for  many  years. 
The  descendants  of  Theophilus  Eaton  were  possessed  of  his 
spirit  and  eventually  crossed  the  Alleghanies.  There  were  four 
brothers  who  remained  in  Trumbull  County,  James.  Daniel, 
Eeese,  and  Isaac.  Another  brother,  Bowen,  although  he  came 
here,  did  not  stay. 

Kidney  ore  was  found  on  the  surface  along  Yellow  Creek; 
wood  was  jilenty  with  which  to  make  charcoal,  and  the  creek 
was  sometimes  navigable  for  rafts,  so  that  astute  Eaton 
brothers,  James  and  Daniel,  built  a  crude  furnace,  and  began 


lllS'roKV  OF  'I'Rl'.Ml'.rLL  ('Or'NTY  U03 

the  mamifaeture  of  iron.  There  is  still  standing,  in  Striithers, 
the  lower  part  of  this  brick  foundation.  Since  men  have  piled 
lip  riches,  millions  upon  millions,  in  the  Makouing  A'alley, 
through  the  manufacture  of  iron,  it  seems  as  if  tliis  first  spot 
upon  which  it  was  made  should  be  marked  with  an  appropriate 
monument  of  some  kind.  However,  tliis  sort  of  sentiment  tlie 
transiilanted  Yankee  does  not  seem  to  have,  although  his  Xew 
Eugland  cousins  have  it  in  a  great  degree. 

James  Heaton  early  sold  his  interest  in  this  Struthers  fur- 
mice  to  his  brother  Daniel,  and  with  his  brother  Isaac  settled 
in  Ilowland  in  1805.  Isaac  sjjent  all  liis  life  in  Howland.  He 
was  identified  witli  its  interests.  He  liked  its  jieojile.  He  had 
two  children,  Maria,  and  a  sou,  who  afterwards  practiced  in 
"Warren.  He  was  justice  of  the  peace  for  many  years  and  was 
Ivuown  as  "Sciuire  Eaton." 

It  was  the  intention  of  the  Heatons  to  estaljlish  a  com- 
mercial town  in  the  wilderness  of  Trumbull  County,  and  after 
a  time  James  built  a  snmll  furuace  at  the  mouth  of  Mosquito 
creek.  Isaac  helped  in  this  enterprise,  but  continued  his  resi- 
dence in  Howland.  .James  built  a  cabin  on  Robbins  aveuue, 
just  )>eyoud  the  bridge,  in  a  spot  which  is  called  1iy  the  old  resi- 
dents, "('ircleville,"  and  it  is  still  standing.  After  a  time, 
James  sold  his  interest  in  the  first  furnace  to  some  men  of  the 
neighliorhood,  and  from  that  time  on,  although  there  were  sev- 
eral sales  made  before  much  financial  gain  was  had,  that  neigh- 
borhood has  been  the  life  of  the  iron  manufacture  of  Ohio. 

Daniel  Eaton  was  in  a  certain  sense  the  best  known  of  the 
brothers.  People  of  his  time  said  he  was  "as  odd  as  Dick's  hat- 
liand";  his  descendants  say  the  same  thing  of  him.  He  was  a 
liberal  in  belief,  and  yet  he  called  his  friends  "brother"  and 
"sister."  He  attended  no  church,  and  yet  entertained  min- 
isters and  missionaries.  He  sympathized  with  the  Mormon 
leaders  and  entertained  them  at  his  house,  not  because  he  be- 
lieved in  j\Iormonism,  liut  because  he  di.sbelieved  in  oppression. 
He  was  a  student  of  political  affairs  so  far  as  they  touched  the 
financial,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  espoused  an  original 
and  ])eeuliar  theory  of  issuing  paper  money.  He  despised 
shams,  was  a  good  hater,  and  a  believer  in  temperance  in  those 
intemperate  days.  Each  township  seemed  to  have  had  a  man 
or  a  woman  who  made  the  stand  for  temperance  earh',  and 
Daniel  Eaton  was  that  man  in  Weatliersfield.  He  was  about  to 
raise  a  building,  and  when  the  men  found  out  he  was  not  to 


60J:  HISTOEY  OF  TKUMBULL  COrXTY 

give  them  whiskey  or  alcohol  of  auy  kind,  they  left  the  prem- 
ises. This  happened  over  and  over  again  in  the  county,  but 
usually  the  building  was  raised  by  old  men  of  the  family  and 
boys  of  the  neighborhood.  In  this  case,  Mr.  Eaton  called  to 
himself  the  women  of  his  family  and  neighborhood  and  with 
their  assistance  got  up  the  frame.  This  is,  so  far  as  we  know, 
the  tirst  building  in  Trumbull  County  to  be  raised  by  women. 

Josiah  Bobbins  and  his  wife,  Electa,  dispensed  hospitality' 
to  all  travelers  and  visitors  of  the  vicinity.  Mr.  Bobbins  was  a 
temperance  man,  as  was  Dan  Eaton.  They  were  the  excep- 
tions of  their  times.  Wine  was  served  ordinarily  at  all  sorts 
of  dinners,  and  every  household  had  whiskey  on  the  sideboard 
or  mantlepiece  where  people  were  allowed  to  help  themselves. 
Maria  Bobbins  Ingraham  says:  "My  father  signed  a  temper- 
ance pledge  soon  after  his  first  marriage."  Dan  Eaton  drew 
up  a  pledge  in  1813,  which  obligated  all  the  signers  to  entire 
abstinence  from  all  intoxicating  liquors.  Laura  A.  Luce  says : 
"This  pledge  remained  in  my  grandfather's  family  until  1842 
or  '43  when  a  traveling  lecturer  begged  that  it  might  be  given 
to  him  as  it  was  much  the  earliest  pledge  of  the  kind  that  he 
had  ever  seen.  The  pioneer  women  who  signed  this  pledge 
were  Phebe  Blachly,  Naomi  Eaton,  Sarah  Drake,  Katie  Barnes, 
and  i\Iargaret  Eaton.  I  have  heard  my  grandmother  say  that 
liquor  was  served  at  all  huskings  and  quiltings,  and  her  cheeks 
would  Inirn  and  her  hand  tremble  when  she  passed  the  social 
glass  without  partaking." 

At  one  time  Mr.  Eaton  ran  for  office.  His  name  was  Daniel 
Heaton.  The  tickets  were  printed  "Dan  Eaton."  One  of  his 
descendants  says  that  for  this  reason  he  was  coimted  out.  Later 
he  had  the  legislature  change  his  name  to  Dan  Eaton,  so,  al- 
though the  other  brothers  retained  the  name  of  Heaton,  he 
was  known  as  Eaton.  Someone  at  the  time  playfully  said,  that 
as  ]Mr.  Eaton  wished  to  have  his  name  sound  like  his  brothers', 
he  dropped  the  "h"  in  order  that  the  English  in  the  Valley 
might  call  him  by  tlie  ]>roper  name,  that  is,  put  on  the  "h" 
when  it  was  not  there.  He  was  senator  from  Trumbull  County 
in  1813,  and  a  member  of  the  lower  house  in  1820. 

Bowen  Heaton  settled  on  the  Luce  farm  in  Weathersfield 
and  moved  to  Illinois  in  1836. 

James  Heaton  was  as  strong  a  man  as  Daniel,  but  not  so 
radical.  He  was  powerful  physically,  and  employed  all  spare 
moments  in  reading.     People  wondered  that  he  should  be  a 


lUSTOKY  OF  TRrJIBFLL  COUNTY  (iO.5 

AVliig  when  lie  was  interested  in  the  iron  business.  lie  ac- 
quired rights  on  the  Mosquito  creek,  built  a  dam,  a  grist  mill, 
cabin  for  his  workmen,  and  a  sawmill.  In  1807  he  had  a  forge 
in  operation  about  where  tlie  B.  and  0.  Railroad  crosses  the 
creek.  For  a  time  he  got  his  pig  iron  for  his  blooms  at  the 
Yellow  Ci'eek  furnace,  but  about  1812  he  built  a  blast  furnace, 
a  little  east  of  the  present  high  school  building.  This  was 
owned  by  his  children  and  his  grandchildren  and  went  out  of 
blast  in  the  '50s.  His  son,  Warren  Heaton,  was  early  asso- 
ciated with  him.  Before  this,  however,  McKinley,  Dempsey  & 
Campbell  rented  the  furnace,  and  in  1812  McKinley  and  Keep 
rented  it  again.  McKinley  moved  to  Poland  in  1842.  He  was 
the  father  of  "William  ^IcKinley,  the  president.  He  went  to 
Poland  partly  to  secure  educational  advantages  for  his  chil- 
dren. Had  he  remained  in  Xiles,  in  the  iron  business,  his  son 
probably  would  have  been  one  of  the  rich  and  prosperous  men 
of  the  vicinage.  However,  he  would  not  have  been  president,  but 
it  is  better  to  be  alive  than  to  be  president. 

Among  James  Heaton 's  children  was  Warren,  associated 
with  his  father  in  business,  as  above  stated;  and  who  ran  the 
furnace  between  'o."!  and  '42,  with  his  brother-in-law.  .losiah 
Robbins.  Warren  Heaton  married  Eliza.  McConnell,  a  daugh- 
ter of  John  and  Xancy  Travers,  and  their  children,  who  lived 
in  Warren,  were  James,  Julia,  and  Maria.  James  died  unmar- 
ried. Julia  was  the  wife  of  John  R.  Woods,  and  her  son,  James 
Heaton  Woods,  is  a  successful  business  man  of  Cleveland  who 
began  his  business  life  by  dealing  in  the  coal  of  the  Mahoning 
^'alley  where  his  great-grandfather  and  great-uncle  tirst  began 
their  work.  ^Irs.  Woods  had  a  large  family  of  children,  three 
of  the  eight  only  growing  to  adult  age.  Aside  from  James, 
there  was  Sally,  who  married  Harmon  Austin  Jr.,  and  ^Maria, 
commonly  called  May,  who  married  Rolland  Gillmer.  the  son 
of  Judge  T.  I.  Gillmer.  These  descendants  of  James  are  there- 
t'(ire  connected  with  the  ^IcConnells,  the  Woods,  the  Austins 
and  the  Gillmers,  all  of  whom  were  pioneer  families  in  the 
southern  i:)art  of  Trmiibull  County.  The  youngest  child  of 
Warren  Heattni.  and  the  only  living  Heaton,  grandchild  of 
.Tames,  now  resides  in  A\'arren,  and  bears  the  name  of  INTaria, 
which  has  been  in  all  generations  of  the  family. 

The  daughter  of  James  Heaton,  Maria,  was  the  first  white 
child  born  in  Xiles.  When  she  was  a  little  thing,  about  180!!, 
"following  an  old  English  custom,  her  father  carried  her  to 


GOG  HISTORY  OF  TRUilBULL  COUXTY 

light  the  first  lire  iu  his  new  charcoal,  blast  furnace,  and  to  give 
it  her  name.  It  was  known  as  the  'Maria  Furnace'  until  it 
went  out  of  blast  fifty  years  later."  This  Maria  was  the  pet 
of  the  family,  although  pets  of  those  days  would  not  consider 
themselves  pets  were  they  living  now.  She  went  to  school  in 
Howland  township,  then  iu  Warren,  then  in  Kinsman,  and 
finally  at  Little  Washington,  Pennsylvania.  In  1818  her  father 
built  the  house  now  standing  on  the  south  side  of  Koblnns  av- 
enue at  the  head  of  the  hill,  owned  by  W.  B.  Mason.  It  was 
built  after  the  Colonial  style  so  much  in  vogue  iu  Mrgiuia  and 
was  among  the  attractive  homes  of  the  county.  Here  many 
years  later,  Frank  ^^lason,  who  has  made  a  reputation  in  tlie 
diplomatic  service  of  the  United  States,  lived,  and  here  his 
brother  an  his  genial  wife  reside.  Maria  Heaton,  when  she  re- 
turned from  school,  gave  a  Halloween  party,  which  was  attended 
liy  the  young  people  of  the  neighborhood,  among  them  Charles 
and  Henry  Smith,  of  AVarren,  John  Crowell  of  the  same  place, 
and  Josiali  Robbins  of  Youngstown.  Among  the  things  to  eat 
was  a  turkey,  and  Mr.  Eobbins,  although  quite  young,  was 
asked  to  carve  it.  This  he  did  in  such  a  way  as  to  meet  the  ap- 
proval of  James  Heaton,  and  after  the  refreshments  wei'e 
served,  and  the  dancing  liegun,  people  noticed  what  a  beauti- 
ful couple  Josiah  Eobbins  and  Maria  Heaton  were,  and  when  he 
was  leaving  the  house  ^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Heaton  asked  him  to  call 
again,  which  he  did.  In  the  following  March,  they  were  mar- 
ried, and  this  home  l)ecame  their  home  until  it  was  sold  to  Am- 
brose Mason.  Maria  Heaton,  as  Mrs.  Eobbins,  lived  in  this 
house  all  her  married  life.  She  died  in  1835,  and  her  hus- 
liand  later  married  Electa  Mason,  the  sister  of  Henry,  Hiram. 
Harriet  (Mrs.  Reeves).  So  much  affection  for  and  connection 
with  the  early  families  was  there,  that  when  Electa  ^Mason's 
eldest  daughter  was  born,  she  was  named  Maria,  after  her 
father's  first  wife,  Maria  Heaton. 

After  a  time  the  little  manufacturers  started  near  the 
mouth  of  the  ]\[osquito  creek  grew  and  became  a  hamlet.  It 
stood  east  of  Mosquito  creek  and  north  of  the  Mahoning  river, 
including  the  main  part  of  the  business  portion  now.  It  was 
laid  out  in  1834  by  James  Heaton  and  his  sou,  Warren.  The 
former  gave  it  the  name  "Xiles"  from  the  Niles  Register,  pub- 
lished in  Baltimore,  Maryland.  This  Register  was  Mr.  Hea- 
ton's  standby.  Warren  in  1832  built  a  house  in  this  town,  and 
a  few  other  dwellings  existed.    In  1844  the  establishment  of  the 


HIS'I'OUY  OF  TKUMlJULL  COT'XTY  GU? 

AVarcl  Kolling  Mill  brought  a  miuiber  of  workmen,  so  that  in 
1850  there  were  about  a  thousand  persons  tiiere.  It  is  said 
that  the  bar  irou  majiufaetured  by  James  Heaton  in  ISO!)  was 
the  first  of  the  hammered  bar  produced  in  the  state  of  Ohio. 

The  first  store  which  existed  in  early  Xiles  was  for  the 
supply  of  the  workmen,  was  ke])t  l)y  Kobert  (^)uigiey,  and  stooil 
on  the  corner  of  ^lill  and  Main  streets.  lie  began  business  two 
years  after  the  town  was  laid  out.  In  IS.'!!)  Bobbins  aud  Mason 
had  the  second  general  store,  and  ]\Ir.  ^lason  continued  in  his 
store  until  1864.  The  families  of  the  Robbins  and  Masons  were 
large  and  intermarried,  so  that  the  connections  of  these  two 
in  Niles  are  large. 

The  lirst  landlord  was  Jacob  Eobinson.  His  liotel  stood 
where  the  Allison  Hotel  now  stands.  He  built,  later,  a  hotel 
on  the  west  side  of  the  street  and  kept  it  for  nuuiy  years.  James 
AVard  lived  iu  the  house  just  south  of  the  present  Allison 
House,  and  later  this  became  the  Connnercial  Hotel. 

The  town  of  Niles  became  incorporated  about  18()5,  and 
H.  H.  Mason  was  elected  mayor  in  January.  1866. 

There  were  several  private  schools  in  Niles  in  the  early 
'40s.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Blachley  founded  a  school  which  was  at- 
tended by  non-resident  pupils.  Amy  Eaton  had  a  select  school 
which  accommodated  boarders.  She  was  well  erpii^iped  for 
teaching.  Under  her  tuition  Josiali  Robins,  John  Heaton.  and 
David  McKiuley  ])repared  to  enter  Allegheny'  College. 

"We  find  the  following  interesting  document  in  connection 
with  the  ]iublic  schools  of  Niles: 

Friday,  September  ](i,  1842. 

Pursuant  to  previous  notice  the  house  holders  in  Dis- 
trict No.  8  in  "Weatherslield  townslii]\  Trumbull  County, 
Ohio,  met  for  the  purpose  of  electing  three  school  directors, 
the  meeting  being  called  to  order  by  appointing  William 
Mclvinley,  Jacob  Rol)ison  and  James  Dempsy  to  the  chairs. 

They  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  officers.  After 
canceling  the  votes  given  it  was  found  that  William  Mc- 
Kiuley was  elected  school  director  for  the  term  of  three 
y'ears;  Jacob  Robinson  for  the  term  of  two  years  and  Dr. 
Miller  Blachly  for  the  term  of  one  year.  The  said  direct- 
ors then  proceeded  to  select  one  of  their  number  for  dis- 
trict clerk  and  treasurer  which  ended  in  the  appointment 
of  William  McKinlev  to  that  office.    This  done  the  oath  of 


oos  HISTOIIY  OF  TIM'MBULL  COUXTY 

office  was  administered  liy  James  Dempsey  Esq.     Meet- 
ing' adjonrned. 

William  McKixley, 

District  Clerk. 

In  1S69  the  Union  school  district  was  formed  and  the  board 
consisted  of  six  members.  They  were  Josiah  Bobbins,  T.  Cal- 
vin Stewart,  William  Cam])l)ell,  S.  D.  Young,  William  Davis, 
and  William  C.  Mann.  Josiah  Eobbius  was  elected  president. 
The  Central  high  school  building  was  finished  in  1871,  and  the 
first  graduation  was  in  1875.  There  was  but  one  graduate, 
Frank  Bobbins,  who  entered  Hiram  College. 

The  superintendents  have  been  Prof.  L.  L.  Campbell,  C.  E. 
Hitchcock,  T.  H.  Bulla,  W.  N.  Wight,  and  Frank  J.  Boiler. 
Among  the  early  teachers  were  A.  J.  Luce,  Catherine  Hank, 
Sarah  Ann  Galbreath  and  Harriet  Hyde. 

The  following  needs  no  explanation;  "The  good-will  of  the 
authorities  and  the  community  is  shown  in  the  reappointment 
of  Miss  Hyde  at  an  advance  in  salary  amounting  to  $.50  per 
month,  and  perhaps,  also,  in  that  the  lady  was  not  paid  even 
a  part  of  her  salary  in  bar  iron." 

The  war  had  its  effect  upon  the  Kiles  school  as  it  had  u]3on 
all  other  institutions,  and  there  are  no  records  of  the  condition 
of  the  school  during  the  war  days. 

Present  board  of  education  of  Niles :  President,  W.  H. 
Pritchard;  secretarv,  J.  W.  Eaton,  W.  G.  Duck.  J.  W.  Tipper, 
W.  H.  Jenkins,  E.  A.  Gilbert,  H.  C.  Davis. 

Present  corps  of  teachers  in  Niles  schools : 

Central  High  Sclwol:  AV.  H.  C.  Newington,  principal;  C. 
A.  McCaughtry,  Elizabeth  Lloyd. 

Grades:  Alice  Gilbert,  Clara  Seagraves,  Estella  Potter, 
Lydia  Watson,  Lulu  Clark,  Bertha  Stephans,  Marion  Kelly. 

Warren  Avenue:  Mrs.  Florence  Southard,  principal; 
Cora  Strock,  Kate  Watson,  Delia  Cassidy. 

Leslie  Avenue:    Anna  Hughes,  ]n'incipal ;  Hazel  Butler. 

Cedar  Street:  Eebekah  Cook,  ]n-incipal;  Mrs.  Geo.  Craig, 
Elsie  Stallsmith,  Lida  Logan.  Clara  Williams.  Bertha  Thomas, 
Hazel  Gilbert,  Matilda  Erwin. 

Number  of  pupils  enrolled,  1410.  There  have  been  233 
students  graduated  from  the  Niles  high  school.  Of  these  166 
were  uii'ls  and  07  bovs. 


IllSTOKY  OF  TKr.MlULL  (.orXTY  609 

Trumbull  County  is  proud  of  the  fact  that  AVilliam  Alc- 
Kinley  Jr.  was  boru  within  its  limits.  Niles  is  greatly  gratified 
that  this  martyred  president  first  saw  the  light  there.  During 
the  McKinley  campaign  a  New  York  jtaper  asked  the  author 
of  this  work  to  write  an  article  on  McKinley's  boyhood.  Know- 
ing the  family  well,  she  thought  it  would  be  wise  to  consult  the 
mother  and  sisters  about  the  pranks  of  the  son  and  brotliei- 
upon  whom  the  eyes  of  the  world  were  then  turned.  She 
learned  that  he  was  always  kind  to  the  family,  that  he  nevei' 
(quarreled  as  did  other  children,  that  he  did  not  dislike  church, 
that  he  liked  to  go  to  Sunday  school,  that  he  never  fished  on 
Sunday,  that  he  liked  to  study,  felt  bad  when  school  was  out, 
did  not  care  for  the  rough  games  of  boys  or  the  coarse  talk 
of  older  men,  preferred  to  stay  in  the  house  and  read  or  play 
with  his  sisters  to  the  more  energetic  life  of  boys.  Fix  it  as 
she  could,  the  author  could  make  nothing  out  of  this  gentle  life 
that  could  not  lie  misconstrued  by  the  opposing  political  press 
men.  She  knew  the  other  side  would  call  him  "goo-goo"  and 
she  never  sent  the  article.  The  fact  that  he  liked  books  and 
quietude,  made  him  a  good  student  and  consequently  a  favorite 
with  his  teachers. 

One  of  the  first  of  these  teachers  was  Albe  Sanford.  J.  G. 
Butler  Jr.  says  he  was  locally  known  as  Santa  Anna.  He  came 
to  Niles  soon  after  the  Mexican  war  and  had  charge  of  the 
little  white  schoolhouse  for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  called 
"Santa  Anna"  from  some  suj^posed  resemblance  to  the  great 
Mexican  general,  possibly  because  of  his  peaceful  nature.  He 
was  a  character  and  his  methods  of  discipline  were  uni([ue. 
running  entirely  to  ridicule.  It  was  his  delight  to  make  a  girl 
sit  between  two  boys,  or  a  boy  between  two  girls,  as  punish- 
ment. This  sometimes  happened  to  young  McKinley.  He  liked 
it.  The  more  girls,  the  better.  It  is  related  by  all  McKinley's 
lieopie  that  he  was  genial,  bright,  got  his  lessons,  recited  them 
well,  and  behaved  himself  generally.  The  only  mannish  sport 
he  seemed  to  care  for  was  playing  soldier,  and  then  his  cap  was 
of  jiaper,  and  his  sword  of  wood.  The  family  moved  to  Poland 
when  he  was  about  ten  years  old  and  there  he  spent  the  rest 
of  his  school  days.  One  of  his  early  teachers,  Maria  Bolin,  now 
Mrs.  Kyle,  now  lives  in  Niles  and  remembers  with  pleasure 
when  William  was  one  of  her  pupils  in  the  old  frame  school- 
house  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  Church  streets.  His  sister, 
Annie,  lived  in  Niles  the  first  twenty  years  of  her  life,  except 


610  HISTORY  OF  TKUMBULL  COUXTY 

for  a  brief  period,  was  well  educated,  and  taught  school  in  Can- 
ton for  thirty  years. 

In  1814  a  Methodist  class  was  formed  at  the  house  of 
Ebenezer  Roller.  No  list  of  the  tirst  members  of  this  class  is 
in  existence.  Rev.  Samuel  Lane  was  a  circuit  rider  who  occas- 
ionally preached  there.  In  1870  a  church  was  erected  which 
served  the  purpose  until  1908,  when  the  present  handsome  edi- 
fice was  occupied  by  the  congregation.  It  is  a  beautiful  church 
and  its  members  are  proud  of  it. 

In  1838  steps  were  taken  for  organizing  the  Weathersfield 
Presbyterian  church.  This  was  accomplished  in  1839,  and  Rev. 
William  0.  Stratton,  the  father  of  Mrs.  Polly  Reid  of  Warren, 
organized  the  church  with  the  following  members :  Miller 
Blachly,  and  wife  Phoebe,  Eben  and  Anna  Blachly,  Robert 
Quigley,  Catherine  AVrighter,  Andrew  Trew,  Margaret  and 
Elizabeth  Biggart,  ]\Iiller  Blachly  Jr.  and  wife  Mary,  James 
and  Elizabeth  McCombs,  Eleanor  Bell.  Reverends  Stratton, 
Herr,  Dickey,  and  others  supplied  the  pulpit  until  1867,  when 
Rev.  Calvin  Stewart  was  pastor  five  years.  Revs.  S.  T.  Street 
and  A.  T.  Mealey  are  among  the  late  pastors.  The  present  one 
is  the  Rev.  Emil  S.  Toensmeier.  A  new  church  was  constructed 
in  1892  costing  $12,000. 

The  Christian  revival  in  Trumbull  County  did  not  seem  to 
penetrate  Niles  as  it  did  other  tow^nships.  It  was  not  until  1840 
that  Elder  John  Henry  organized  a  church  there  of  which  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Joshua  Carl,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  J.  Luce,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jacob  Robinson,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Burnett,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lewds  Heaton,  Nancy  Carle,  Mrs.  Battles,  Josiah  and  Polly 
Dunlap,  William  Winfield,  Seymour  Hake,  and  others  were 
members.  The  first  church  was  erected  between  1843  and  1844. 
and  among  the  long  list  of  ministers  who  have  led  this  flock  we 
find  the  names  of  John  T.  Smith,  Gideon  Applegate,  Methias 
Christy,  E.  W.  Wakefield,  N.  N.  Bartlett. 

We  are  indebted  to  W.  H.  V.  Newington  who  has  been 
active  in  the  Church  of  Christ  of  Niles  for  the  following  facts 
in  regard  to  the  later  history: 

"The  frame  building  which  preceded  the  present  hand- 
some brick  church  formerly  faced  the  south,  with  its  hack  or 
pulpit  end  turned  toward  Church  street.  This  was  for  the  pur- 
pose of  having  a  spacious  lawn  fronting  the  city  park.  In  the 
middle  eighties  this  building  was  turned  to  face  Mechanic  street 


(Loaned  by  the  Chronicle.) 

SEVEN    CHURCHES    OF    NILES. 


HlSTOltY   OF  'rKr-AIBULL  COTXTV  HU 

and  the  iiiterior  was  eonsidei-ably  repaired  and  improved.  In 
the  early  nineties  tlie  chnreh  was  deemed  inconnnodious  and 
nnbetitting  the  urowin.n-  congregation.  In  18!*4  the  ](resent 
l)eantifnl  eliurch  was  erected,  at  a  cost,  furnishing  inchided.  of 
abont  $16,000,  an  expense  which  wonld  be  nearly  donbled  at 
the  present  time.  When  tini.shed  it  was  the  finest  and  largest 
Protestant  chnreh  in  the  city,  and  was  the  first  to  install  a  pipe 
organ,  at  the  cost  of  more  than  $1,000.  Beside  the  auditorium 
it  has  a  large  Sunday  school  room  with  several  class  rooms 
opening  from  the  same  and  the  whole  connected  with  the  main 
room  by  sliding  doors.  The  basement  has  dining  room  and 
kitchen  with  lavatories.  The  building  is  heated  by  steam  and 
lighted  with  electricity.  At  the  present  time,  1909,  the  church 
has  again  been  considered  too  small  for  all  its  offices  and  plans 
are  being  formulated  to  enlarge  the  Simday  school  accommo- 
dations to  double  their  capacity.  In  1900,  a  handsome  parson- 
age was  built  at  the  south  end  of  the  church  lot,  and  has  i)roved 
of  great  aid  for  the  efficiency  of  church  work.  Of  the  ministers 
mentioned  in  the  earlier  article,  "Waller  Hayden,  J.  1\I.  Monroe, 
W.  H.  Eogers,  C.  C.  Smith,  and  E.  AV.  Wakefield  are  still  liv- 
ing.    To  these    must  be  added  as    pastors    since  1882 — Revs. 

Warren  Bowell,  Dr.  J.  W.  Lowe, Candee.  E.  E.  C'urry,  0.  M. 

Oliphant,  D.  M.  ]\Ioss,  D.  D.  Burt.  J.  F.  Mahoney  and  tlie  pres- 
ent incumbent  Allen  T.  (lordon.  All  of  the  original  members 
of  the  church  have  i)assed  to  the  better  life.  Hiram  Ohl  and 
George  Battles,  who  were  deacons  in  1882,  are  now  elders,  and 
with  them,  on  the  official  board,  are  associated  three  other  elders 
and  twelve  deacons.  In  1906,  Evangelist  Herbert  Youell  con- 
ducted a  very  successful  revival  meeting  at  which  time  two 
hundred  and  sixty-tive  members  were  added  to  the  church.  The 
present  membership  is  nearly  four  hundred." 

A  religious  society  in  Niles  known  as  the  Primitive  Metho- 
dists is  the  only  churcli  of  its  kind  in  the  county.  Rev.  AI.  Har- 
vey oi'ganized  it  and  was  its  first  pastor.  That  was  in  187o, 
and  six  years  later  a  church  building  was  erected.  It  was  situ- 
ated in  the  Russia  Field  and  was  attended  largely  by  the  iron 
workers. 

The  Baptist  church  was  organized  in  1868.  This  congrega- 
tion too  was  a  small  one  and  made  up  largeh'  of  mill  employees. 

St.  Stephen's  Roman  Catholic  church  was  formed  by  Rev. 
E.  N.  O'Callan.  This  has  always  been  a  strong  organization, 
since  so  manv  residents  of  Niles  have  been  Romanists.    Paro- 


(512  HISTOIIY  OF  TRfMBrLL  COUNTY 

cliial  schools  are  conducted,  aud  all  orders  connected  with  the 
church  are  prosperous.  The  priests  of  late  years,  at  least, 
have  been  men  of  strong  character  and  deserving  of  the  respect 
given  them. 

The  Welsh  Presbyterians  erected  a  church  in  1872  at  the 
cost  of  $6,000.  Before  this  society  had  a  church  of  its  own  it 
met  in  the  house  belonging  to  the  Cumberland  Presbyterians. 
It,  like  several  of  the  other  churches,  has  a  small  membership. 

The  Episcopal  church,  known  as  St.  Luke's  is  on  Robbins 
avenue  aliove  Vienna  street. 


('II AFTER  LIIL 


Civil  Llsts. — State  Senatohs. — Members  of  Congkess. — State 
Eepresextatives. — Goverxoes  from  Trum- 

BUI,L    rOT-XTY. MiSCELLAXEOrs 

Notes. 

State  Seuaturs. 

1803,  Samuel  Huntington,  March  Term. 
1803,  Benjamin  Tai)pan,  December  Term. 
1804-1805,'  George  Tod. 
1806-1809,  Calvin  Cone. 
3810-1811,  George  Tod. 

1812,  Calvin  Pease. 

1813,  Daniel   Eaton. 
181-4,  Turhand  Kirtland. 
1815,  Eli  Baldwin. 
1816-1817.  John  AV.  Seelv. 
1818-1821.  Eli   Baldwin.  " 
1822-1823.  Samuel  Brvson. 

1824,  Thomas  D.  WeblV* 

1825,  Henrv  Manning. 
1826-1827.  Eli  Baldwin. 
1828-1829,  Thomas  D.  Wehh. 
1830-1831,  AVm.  Rii)lev. 
1832-1833,  Ephraim  Brown. 
1834-1837  Leicester  King. 
1838-1839,  David  Tod. 
1840-1841,  John  Crowell. 
1842-1843,  Eben  Newton. 
1844-1845,  Samuel  Quinbv. 
1846-1849,  John  F.  Beaver. 
1850-1851,  Milton  Sutliff. 
1852-1853.  Jonathan  I.  Tod. 

*  Seat  contestec;!  and  '^hew  to  Hi'iiry  JIniining. 
613. 


G14  HISTORY  OF  TI^I'MBULL  COUNTY 

1854-1855,  Ira  Norris. 
1856-1859,  Robert  W.  Taylor. 
1860-18(il,  J.  Dolson  Cox. 
18(i2-1863,  Samuel  Quiuby. 
1864-1865,  Eben  Newton. 
1866-1867,  George  F.  Brown. 
1868-1871,  L.  D.  Woodwortb. 
1872-1875,  L.  C.  Jones. 
1876-1879,  J.  R.  Jobnson. 
1880-1882,  H.  B.  Perkins. 
1884-1886,  A.  D.  Fassett. 
1888,  Jno.  M.  Stull. 
1890,  E.  A.  Reed. 
1892-1894,  L.  C.  Ohl. 
1896-1898,  J.  J.  Sullivan. 
1900-1902,  Benj.  F.  Wirt. 
1904-1906,  Tbos.  Kinsman. 
1908,  David  Tod. 

Members  of  Cnvgress. 

1813,  John  S.  Edwards,  Warren,  TrumbiTll  County. 

1813-1814,  Rezin  Beall,  Wooster,  Waj-ne  County. 

1814-1817,  David  Clendenin,  Trumbull  County. 

1817-1819,  Peter  Hitelicock,  Burton,  Geauga  County. 

1819-1823,  Jolni  Sloan,  Wooster,  Wayne  Coimty. 

1823-1838,  Elisha  Whittlesey,  Canfield,  Trumbull  County. 

1838-1843,  Joshua  R.  Giddings,  Jefferson,  Ashtabula 
County. 

1843-1847,  Daniel  R.  Tilden,  Ravenna,  Portage  County. 

1847-1851,  John  Crowell,  Warren.  Trumlmll  County. 

1851-1853,  Even  Newton,  Cantield,  Trumbull  County. 

1853-1859,  Joshua  R.  Giddings,  Jefferson.  Ashtaliula 
County. 

1859-1863,  John  Hutchins,  AVarren,  Trumbull  County. 

1863-1880,  James  A.  Gartield,  Hiram,  Portage  County. 

1880-1893,  Ezra  B.  Taylor,  Warren,  Trumbull  County. 

1893-1898,  Stephen  A.  Northway,  Jefferson.  Ashtabula 
County. 

1S!)8-1902,  Charles  Dick,  Akron,  Summit  County. 

1902,  W.  Aubrev  Thomas,  Niles,  TriunbuU  County. 


1S03 
1803 
1804 
1805 
1806, 
1807 
1808 
1810, 
1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1824 
1825, 
1826 
1827 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838, 
1839 
1840, 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 


TIlSTOltY  OF  TIU^AIRFLL  COVXTY  615 

St  (lie  Rcprcsriitdtiff.-^. 

Ephraim  (.^uinliy,  Aaron  Wlieeler,  ]\Iaic'li  Tciiii. 
David  Abbott,  Ephraiui  (^niii))y,   I)eeeinl)ei-  Term. 
Amos  Spofford,  Homer  Hine. 
Homer  Hine,  James  Kingsbury. 
James  King-sbury,  John  P.  Bissell. 
John  W.  Seeiv,  James  Montgomery. 
1809,  Rich.  J.  Elliott,  Robert  Hughes. 
Aaron  Collar.  Thomas  G.  Jones. 
Thomas  G.  Jones,  Samuel  Bryson. 
Samuel  Bryson,  Benj.  Ross. 
Benj.  Ross,  Samuel  Leavitt. 
AVilson  Elliott,  James  Hillman. 
Samuel  Bryson,  \V.  W.  Cotgreave. 
Homer  Hine,  Henry  Lane. 
Eli  Baldwin,  Edward  Scotield. 
Henry  Lane,  Edward  Seofield. 
Henry  Lane,  Henry  Manning. 
Dan  Eaton,  Elisha  Whittlesey. 
Thomas  Howe,  Elisha  Whittlesey. 
1823,  James  Maekey,  Cyrus  Bosworth. 
Homer  Hine,  Ephraim  Brown. 
Ephraim  Brown,  Eli  Baldwin. 
Henry  Lane,  Roswell  Stone. 
1828,  Titus  Brockway,  AVm.  Riiiley. 
Jared  P.  Kirtland,  George  Swift. 
Benj.  Allen,  Richard  hidings. 
Calvin  Pease,  Jared  P.  Kirtland. 
Jedediah  Fitch,  Benj.  Allen. 
Walter  Johnson.  Thomas  Bobbins. 
Jared  P.  Kirtland,  Wm.  A.  Otis. 
Eli  Baldwin,  Tensard  R.  DeWolf. 
Seth  Hayes,  Tracy  Bronson. 
John  C.  Woodruff,  Tracy  Bronson. 
Tracy  Bronson,   Thomas   Howe. 
Isaac  Powers,  Thomas  Howe. 
Peter  Allen,  Josiah  Bobbins. 
John  Briggs. 

Jacob  H.  Baldwin,  Nathan  Webb. 
Henry  Manning,  Asahel  ^Medbuiy. 
Buell  Barnes. 


liii;  HISTORY  OF  'rnu:\iBrLT.  couxty 

1845,  Bnell  Barnes,  Henry  Boyd. 

1846,  Joseph  Truesdale. 

1847,  Joseph  Truesdale,  John  Harrington. 

1848,  Isaac    Lee,    Albert    G.    Riddle,    for    Triniilmll    and 
Geauga. 

1849,  John  Hutehins,  Albert  G.  Riddle,  for  Trnmliull  and 
Geauga. 

1850-1851,  More  C.  Bradley,  Gamaliel  H.  Kent,  for  Trum- 
bull and  Geauga. 

1852-1853,'" Franklin  E.  Stone. 

1854-1855,  Mathew  Birchard. 

1856-1857,  Ralph  Plum,  George  T.  Townsend. 

1858-1859,  Geo.  T.  Townsend,  Geo.  H.  Howe. 

1860-1861,  Robert  H.  Walker. 

1862-1863,  George  H.  Howe. 

1864-1865,  Austin  D.  Kibbee. 

1866-1867,  Austin  D.  Kibbee. 

1868-1869,  Wm.  Ritezel. 

1870-1871,  Wm.  Ritezel,  J.   K.  Wing. 

1872-1873,  J.  K.  Wing. 

1874-1875,  Thomas  J.  M'Lain,  Jr. 

1876-1877,  Thomas  J.  M'Lain.  Jr.,  1).  J.  Edwards. 

1878-1879,  Edmund  A.  Reed,  David  J.  Edwards. 

1880-1881,  Edmund  Reed. 

1882-1883,  Stephen  Laird. 

1884-1885,  Stephen  Laird. 

1886-1887,  Mark  Ames,  Thos.  H.  Stewart. 

1888-1889,  Mark  Ames,  Thos.  H.  Stewart. 

1890-1891,  Chas.  H.  Stroek. 

1892-1893,  Chas.  H.  Stroek. 

1894-1895,  Allen  Jones. 

1896-1897,  Allen  Jones. 

18f)S-1899,  Wm.  H.  Johnson. 

1900-1901,  Thos.  Kinsman. 

1902-1903,  Thos.  Kinsman. 

19fl4_-l905,  Warren  Thomas. 

1906-1907,  Warren  Thomas. 

1908,  R.  A.  Cobb. 

Governors  from  TrumhuU  Couiitt/. 
Samuel  Huntington,  Jacob  D.  Cox. 


iiisToifv  OF  'I'lMMiiiLL  ('()^^••^^■  m: 

The  ;mthor  has  been  teiiii)te(l  to  add  some  notes  which 
have  been  of  iiiti'rest  to  lier  and  whicli  cannot  !)(■  classified 
very  welh 

In  Chniiiidc  oi'  October  11,  184"J.  we  lind  "'I'lie  jiarty  who 
took  a  fennih'  cloak  from  tlie  ])ai'k  will  i)lease  retnrn  it  and 
receive  tlie  one   left." 

In  the  chaiiter  on  tiie  Presbyterian  dmrcli,  we  (|note  from 
a  letter  of  Mrs.  Dickey  to  her  son  Sanuiel,  who  had  gone  east 
to  be  married.  The  Dickey  homestead  stood  on  the  east  side  of 
Tod  avenue,  opi)Osite  the  place  where  Fannie  Dickey  ]\[esser 
now  lives.  When  this  latter  in-operty  was  pnrcha.sed  by  the 
Dickeys  there  was  a  hou.se  south  of  ^^rs.  ^[esser's  home,  and 
liere  Samuel  Dickey  brouglit  his  wife.  We  quote  the  follow- 
ing from  a  letter  which  Fannie,  the  sister  of  Samuel,  wrote 
him  at  the  same  time  his  mother  was  sending  a  letter.  She 
says  that  as  her  mother  has  told  him  all  about  the  tire,  she 
will  tell  a))out  the  weddings.  "The  tirst  was  Mrs.  Porter's 
and  Deacon  McFarland.  It  seemed  to  l)e  Gretna  (Ireen  alfair. 
She  was  watcjied  so  narrowly  by  her  friends  that  she  could  get 
uo  opportunity  to  have  the  knot  tied.  P'inally  Mr.  (Jilbert, 
knowing  what  a  fix  they  were  in,  offered  them  his  liouse  Avhere 
the  ceremony  might  he  performed,  and  took  it  upon  himself 
to  get  the  bride  there,  in  which  he  succeeded  admirably.  There 
ivere  about  a  dozen  invited  in  and  it  passed  off  quite  pleas- 
antly, and  it  was  all  carried  on  secretly  until  it  was  over.  They 
then  lode  down  through  Market  street  and  Main  street,  where 
they  received  most  ])rofound  bows.  Charlie  Smith  felt  i)retty 
well  worked  and  said  he  felt  very  much  as  he  did  when  he  was 
beat  after  election,  but  says  .she  did  just  as  he  would  have 
done  had  he  been  in  her  place.  Aliout  a  week  after  you  left 
Laura  Welib  was  allied  to  Dr.  Tddings.  Your  honored  pres 
enee  was  solicited,  not  knowing  that  you  had  left.  Martlia  and 
myself  were  there.  I  should  think  there  were  about  a  bun 
dred   [iresent.  We   have   got   our  new   car]iet   honi(» 

and  it  meets  our  expectations.  We  have  fifteen  yards  stand- 
ing in  a  roll  waiting  further  oi-ders.  Martha  has  gone  a  'gad- 
ding' up  to  Aunt  Mason's.  There  is  Avhere  you  may  imagine 
her  every  Saturday  afternoon.  You  know  she  must  go  and 
see  how  Aunt  Mason  feels  toward  Mr.  Puriiiton,  so  she  can  de 


(ils  HISTOKY  OF  TRFMBULL  COFXTY 

eide  whether  it  will  be  propej'  for  her  to  go  to  church  tomor- 
row or  not.  1  am  to  meet  her  at  your  house  for  we  are  going. 
to  stri])  yonr  rose  bushes.  You  had  better  come  home  and  see 
to  your  things." 

In  the  U'e.^teni  Reserre  Chronide  of  May  21,  1818:  Wal- 
ter King  advertises  mustard  spoons,  sugar  tongs,  ear  rings 
and  finger  rings,  watch  cases,  etc.,  together  with  cash  paid  for 
gohl  and  silver. 

A])ril  1,  1819.  A  marriage  notice  appears  as  follows: 
"Mr. Wright,  to  Widow  Rachel  Beckwith,  after  a  seri- 
ous struggle  of  two  nights'  courtship."  Married  by  Rev.  Jos. 
f'adger. 

Cluoniclv,  Aug.  10,  ]8l!].  "Dr.  Brooks  proposes  to  ad- 
minister 10  or  15  doses  of  the  protoxide  of  azote,  or  the  ex- 
hilarating gas,  in  the  Warren  Hotel  on  Tuesday  next  at  3:00 
o'clock  P.  M.  The  sensations  produced  by  this  gas  are  highly 
]ileasurab]e  and  resemble  those  in  some  degree  attendant  on 
the  ])leasant  period  of  intoxication.  Great  exhilaration,  an  irre- 
sistible propensity  to  laugh,  dance  and  sing,  a  rapid  flow  of 
vivid  ideas,  and  an  unusual  fitness  for  muscular  exertion,  are 
the  ordinary  feelings  it  produces.  These  pleasant  sensations 
are  not  succeeded  by  any  debiliating  effects  upon  the  system. 
A  more  full  account  of  this  gas  will  be  given  on  the  evening  of 
exhibition.  Tickets  of  admission  may  be  had  at  the  ytrinting 
office." 

An  advertisement.  "Jacob  Hake;  Taylor.  Coat  $3.00; 
Pantaloons,  $1.25;  Vest,  $1.25. 

Bonnets.  Florence,  straw  and  silk  bonnets;  also  palm 
hooks  and  an  I'xtensive  stock  of  bonnet  silks,  plain,  figured, 
and  |)lai(l.     \'eiy  low  at  Van(iorder  &  Canfield.     (1844.) 

From  a  full  geared  sawmill  to  a  pair  of  pocket  combs  can 
he  had  for  cash  at  awfully  reduced  prices.  Truly  astonish- 
ing at  \'an(iorder's  &  C'anfield's.     (1844.) 

Anv   Man,    Bov,  or  striijling  that  wants  to  buv  stuff  for 


TITSTOliV  or  'I'lM'MRrLL  C'OUXTY  010 

trousers  cheaper  than  was  ever  dreamed  of,  call  VanCiorder 
&   Caufield.      (1844.) 

Mr.  Isaac  VanGorder  of  this  township  has  presented  ns 
with  an  apple,  of  the  species  called  gloria  of  munda,  which 
weighs  27  ounces.      (184(i. ) 

Any  one  wishing-  to  buy  +1.00  worth  of  coffee  bring  ak)ng 
a  three  bushel  bag  to  put  it  in.    \^anGorder  &  Canfield. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  the  I'eaders  to  know  what  ])rice 
was  paid  for  furniture  in  the  lale  '40s  by  people  who  were 
going  to  housekeeping.  The  author  has  seen  a  memorandum 
containing  some  of  the  things  which  Minerva  Mackett  In-ought 
into  the  home  of  Harmon  Austin,  her  husband,  when  she  was 
mai'ried. 

New  beds  and  bedding    $27.50 

Two   bedsteads 10.00 

Beauroe    "25.00 

Table    5.00 

3    stands    10.00 

Brass  kettle    10.00 

Brass  kettle    3.00 

5  feather  beds,  25  lbs.  each   .31.25 

Bedding,  sheets,  blankets,      *     *     *      r^^i  ^^.^^gj^  42.25 

1  poor  bed  and  bedding fi.OO 

3   bedsteads     '. 19.00 

2  bedsteads   2.00 

1  desk  14.00 

"The  tirst  regular  celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July  was  in 
A\'arren,  in  1800."  "  *  *  *  It  "was  participated  in  )iy  citi- 
zens of  Youngstown,  Painesville,  and  other  points.  A  section  of 
a  hollow  iie])peridge  was  extemporized  for  a  drum  barrel,  and 
a  faun  skin  furnished  the  heads.  ^\.  fife  was  manufactured  from 
ari  elder.  ^lusic,  firing,  fun,  whiskey  and  speeches  were  al)un- 
daul,  and  it  is  (juestionable  whether  Warren  ever  had  a  more 
)iatri()tic  celebration." 

In  searcliing  among  the  early  records,  the  author  lias 
found  the  dates  of  the  marriages  of  many  people  who  were 
later  concerned  in  the  social  life  of  Warren.  They  are  as 
follows : 


620  HISTORY  OF  TlUMmLl.  CorXTY 

August  17,  ISlil,  George  Swift  aud  Ulive  Kiiismau. 

March  24,  1840,  K.  W.  Taylor  and  Louise  Woodhridge. 

March  26,  1840,  James  Hoyt  to  Elizabeth  Brown. 

March  25,  1840,  Frederick  Kinsman  and  Cornelia 
Pease,  Rev.  Purinton  officiating. 

April  16,  1840,  Louis  Iddings  and  Jane  C'hesney. 

1840,  ITrial  Hutchins  and  Emily  Bennett. 

Septemlier  2."],  18-10,  Cyrus  A'anGorder  and  Jane  W. 
Seeley. 

March  17,  1841,  Mathew  Tayler  and  Adeline  Hapgood. 

October  25,  1841,  Joseph  Perkins  and  Martha  Ellen 
Steele. 

February  14,  1842,  Charles  Brown  and  Julia  King. 

July  7,  1842,  David  Gilmore  and  Charlotte  Jamison. 

July  6,  1843,  Charles  Hickox  and  Laura  Freeman. 

December  14,  1843,  Josiah  Nelson  and  Eleanor  Byers. 

October  13,  1844,  Dr.  Corydon  Palmer  and  Mary  Craig. 

December  8.  1846,  William  Ijeffingwell  and  Lucy 
Adams. 

November  23,  1846,  Oliver  H.  Patch  and  Elizabeth 
Opyedyke. 

Jmie  15,  1853,  AYilliani  Stiles  and  Elizabeth  Quinlty. 

February  4,  185."),  Dr.  John  K.  Woods  and  Julia 
Heaton. 

.John  M.  Edwards  married  Phoel)e  Mary  Crail  on  July 
14,  1842.  The  above  notice  was  accompanied  by  a  "bountiful 
supply  of  'fixins'  and  most  delicious  they  were,  too.  May  the 
hap])y  i)air  enjoy  a  long  life  of  unalloyed  ha])))iness." 


/ 


'fy 


HISTdllV   OF  -l-UrMUCLL  CorXTV  (V?! 


Twt'uty  years  from  now,  when  the  writer  of  this  history  is 
an  old  woman,  possibly  sitting  on  her  poreh  under  the  green 
maple  trees,  a  man,  writing  a  History  of  Trnmbuil  County,  will 
present  himself.  "I  understand  you  came  to  Warren  in  the 
'(30s.  Will  you  tell  me  some  of  the  things  you  remember  of  that 
time?"  The  writer  will  reply  "Certainly."  For  she  will  not 
have  forgotten  how  gracious  and  kind  the  old  people  of  190!^) 
were  to  her  when  she  attempted  her  narrative  of  Trum))ull 
county.  She  therefore  will  tell  the  young  author  that  the  first 
thing  she  rememl)ers  was  waking  up  in  the  night  thinking  the 
building  in  which  she  was  sleeping  was  falling  down.  This  must 
have  been  her  tirst  night  in  Warren,  and  she  was  six  years  old, 
for  she  lived  at  the  GaskiJI  House,  kept  by  Mrs.  Schoenberger, 
which  later  became  the  Austin  House.  This  was  supposed  to 
be  the  best  hotel  in  the  city,  but  then,  as  now,  it  was  so  near  the 
railroad  track  that  the  passing  engines  seemed  to  be  directly 
next  to  the  window.  The  inside  of  that  house  is  a  perfect  ]>lank 
to  her,  with  one  excei)tion.  There  was  a  long  flight  of  stairs 
leading  from  the  upper  hall  to  the  dining  room.  This  was  sup- 
posed to  be  the  stairs  which  ladies  would  take  into  the  dining 
room,  so  as  not  to  have  to  go  through  the  public  hallway.  They 
were  steep  and  long  and  not  at  all  like  the  comforta1)le  stairs 
over  which  the  men  were  supposed  to  travel.  The  writer's 
mother  forbade  her  going  down  these  stairs  because  she  was 
such  a  little  thing.  The  writer  obeyed.  She  did  not  go  down 
the  stairs,  she  slid  the  banister  the  whole  way.  Several  times 
she  lost  her  balance,  or  partially  so,  by  catching  her  feet  in 
some  green  cloth  which  was  outside  of  the  banister,  probably 
placed  there  to  i)revent  the  people  at  their  meals  seeing  the 
skirts  and  the  ankles  of  the  women  as  they  came  down  stairs. 

The  writer  remembers  several  things  distinctly  which  hap- 
])ened  when  she  lived  at  this  hotel.  Young  men  who  used  to 
frecjuent  the  barroom  would  tell  her  to  go  across  the  street  and 
dig  in  a  sand  pile  and  maybe  she  would  find  pennies.  She 
always  did.  Eagerly  she  grabbed  these  and  ran  across  the 
street  to  a  little  grocery  which  had  a  funny  door  with  a  bell 


G2-2  HISTORY  OF  TRUMBULL  COUXTY 

attached  at  the  top.  After  this  bell  rang  it  seemed  a  half  a  day 
to  her  lief  ore  Mr.  Bishop  came  out  of  the  rear  room  to  give  her 
her  "Juge  Paste."  ]\[r.  Bishop  was  very  fond  of  children  and 
all  who  lived  in  this  neighborhood  loved  him.  Many  years  after, 
he  became  blind  and  the  writer  used  to  wish  that  she  could  do 
something  for  him  to  repay  him  for  the  pleasure  he  gave  her 
when  she  was  a  little  child. 

A  drayman  named  Mix  is  also  remembered.  He  drove  a 
white  horse,  and  came  to  the  Erie  station  for  freight.  He  used 
to  allow  her  to  ride  on  the  end  of  his  dray,  and  with  her  legs 
swinging  oft"  of  that  dray  she  had  ridden  miles  in  the  town. 
Once  she  cried  herself  to  sleep  because  her  father  was  a  lawyer 
instead  of  a  drayman. 

There  was  a  little  store  on  the  east  side  of  Main  street, 
either  just  on  or  just  below  the  B.  &  0.  tracks.  TJiis  was  a 
millinery  establishment  kept  by  Rothchild.  He  had  several 
children,  one,  Rosa,  was  just  her  age.  She  liked  this  store  be- 
cause she  could  buy  bits  of  yarn  and  ribbons  on  Sunday,  but 
she  could  not  buy  them  on  Saturday.  Long  after  this,  the  Roth- 
childs  moved  up  town,  occupied  a  store  between  the  Hapgood 
drug  store  and  the  original  McConnell  restaurant,  and  George 
and  Nathan  Gunlefinger  became  associated  with  them  in  business. 

She  remembers  when  the  ice  went  out  of  the  river,  or  a  flood 
came  down,  or  something  unusual  happened  in  the  river,  that 
the  body  of  a  man  was  fished  out  and  lay  on  the  platform  of 
the  Mahoning  station.  All  that  she  saw  was  his  water-soaked 
boots  but  even  that  sight  made  her  afraid  to  go  into  her  room 
in  the  dark,  for  long  after. 

Because  she  was  lonesome,  she  was  allowed  to  go  to  the 
one-story,  wooden  schoolhouse  which  stood  on  Park  avenue, 
second  lot  below  the  corner  of  Franklin,  on  the  west  side  of  the 
street.  This  school  was  heated  by  big  stoves  which  were  red 
hot.  She  thinks  the  room  might  have  been  comfortable,  but 
great  areas  of  plaster  were  otf  the  sides  and  the  wind  used  to 
whistle  so  that  she  got  the  earache  on  the  wind-side.  None  of 
the  teachers  nor  the  scholars  are  remembered  in  that  school. 
Aside  from  the  holey  wall,  two  things  remain  in  memory.  One 
was,  one  day  when  she  was  to  "speak  a  piece,"  and  had  reached 
the  second  verse,  the  whole  room  grew  black,  and  she  ran  home. 
She  remembers  the  teachers  used  to  punish  the  girls  by  making 
them  lie  on  the  floor  and  put  their  feet  on  the  seat.  "Impossi- 
lile,"  ejaculated  the  young  historian.     The  writer  admits  she 


HISTORY  OF  Tin":\ir.rLL  corx'rv  (;■>:', 

may  be  mistaken,  but  suggests  tliat  the  young  historian  call  on 
Mrs.  Albert  Jameson,  who  was  a  little  older  than  she,  and  who 
went  to  this  school. 

This  suggestion  recalls  to  the  writer's  niin<l  that  one  of 
the  first  houses  in  Warren  that  she  was  ever  in  was  that  of 
Mr.  E.  E.  Hoyt,  which  stood  on  the  southwest  corner  of  E^ranklin 
and  Main  streets.  She  went  with  her  mother  to  return  j\lrs. 
Hoyt's  call,  and  the  two  daughters  of  Mrs.  Hoyt,  Abbie  (Mrs. 
Briscoe)  and  Fannie  (Mrs.  Jameson),  had  the  lower  part  of  a 
book-case  titted  up  as  a  doll  house,  and  in  this  were  dolls,  and 
dolls'  furniture,  little  beds  made  up,  and  a  most  attractive  jjhice 
it  was  for  a  child  of  that  day.  There  were  then  few  toys.  These 
two  girls  were  playing  with  these  dolls  in  this  very  doll  house 
when  the  alarm  for  a  tire  of  1860  was  given.  Their  house  was 
not  burned,  although  at  different  times  fire  had  been  around 
them. 

The  next  bit  of  Warren  history  the  writer  remenilters  was 
seeing  houses  on  runners  coming  down  Park  avenue.  She  did 
not  understand  then,  but  she  now  knows  that  these  were  some  of 
the  houses  that  were  built  at  ]\Iecea  dui'ing  the  oil  excitement 
and  after  being  abandoned  were  brought  here. 

At  this  time  she  lived  at  the  American  House,  which  was 
kept  by  Mr.  Ed.  Beeves.  Here  the  engineers  who  planned  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  had  an  office.  They  used  to 
make  her  paper  dolls  on  Sunday,  and  buy  toy  balloons  for  her. 
Here  she  and  H.  L.  Williams,  a  colored  boy,  used  to  harness 
themselves  as  horses  and  get  a  younger  child  for  a  driver  while 
they  pranced  up  and  down  the  streets  and  through  the  park, 
while  the  mother  urged  her  to  be  the  driver  and  let  some  white 
boy  be  the  horse.  The  writer  remembers  that  she  rebelled  at 
the  thought  of  being  a  driver.  To  be  a  prancing,  dancing  run- 
away horse  was  much  more  to  her  liking.  She  finally  gained 
the  point  by  saying,  "But,  mother,  didn't  grandfather  kee]) 
darkies  in  the  woodshed  and  don't  you  always  tell  me  that 
colored  people  are  just  as  good  as  white?"  The  writer  has  in 
her  possession  the  drawing  table  upon  which  the  drawing  of 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Road  for  this  section  of  the 
country  was  done. 

The  next  she  remembers  was  the  old  north  school  standing 
on  the  corner  of  Prospect  and  School  streets.  This  was  the 
most  dismal,  coldest,  "awfulest"  schoolhouse  that  was  ever  in 
her  town.     Although  the  writer  never  excelled  in  scholarship  in 


(i-n  lllSTOHV  OF  TKU.MBLLL  COUNTY 

auy  scLool,  anywhere,  except  as  she  occasionally  later  took  good 
grades  in  Latin,  in  this  old  north  school  she  used  to  stand  at  the 
head  of  her  class  in  spelling  very  often.  Kenyon  Cox,  who  was 
her  age,  went  to  this  school.  He  was  not  a  very  good  student 
either,  in  those  days,  although  he  had  such  a  brilliant  mother 
and  father.  The  teacher  used  to  punish  him  by  making  him  sit 
with  the  girls. 

The  writer  rememljers  distinctly  the  Sunday  that  word 
came  that  John  Morgan  was  coming.  She  remembers  how  most 
of  the  men,  women,  and  children  in  town  collected  in  the  park. 
She  herself  sat  on  the  steps  of  the  present  Institute.  She  thinks, 
but  she  is  not  sure,  that  a  little  old  cannon  which  belonged  to 
the  town  was  taken  down  to  the  South  Street  bridge  as  Jolm 
Morgan  was  expected  to  come  up  the  Cantield  road.  He  was 
apprehended  at  New  Lisbon  before  he  got  this  far,  although  he 
was  reported  several  times  to  be  in  Cantield. 

She  remembers  living  in  the  house  now  occupied  Ijy  J.  P. 
Gilbert,  then  owned  l)y  Rev.  Joseph  Marvin.  Two  things  dis- 
tinctly impressed  upon  her  memory  were  the  terrible  mud  on 
the  present  Mahoning  avenue,  and  the  day  that  Joseph  Marvin 
had  a  sale  of  his  goods.  He  had  them  packed  in  one  of  the 
upper  rooms,  and  when  they  were  brought  down  on  the  front 
porch,  among  them  was  a  stuffed  loon.  She  wanted  that  bird  so 
liadly  and  hinted  at  the  same  to  Mr.  Marvin,  which,  of  course, 
was  very  wrong.  However,  early  in  the  afternoon,  the  auc- 
tioneer lifted  this  big  bird  onto  the  railing  of  the  porch,  and 
called  for  bids.  Nobody  seemed  to  care  for  it,  to  the  delight  of 
the  writer.  Several  times  during  the  afternoon  was  this  orna- 
ment offered  for  sale,  with  no  results.  Finally,  when  the  sun 
was  going  down,  and  neighbors  and  buyers  were  departing, 
with  crocks,  and  pictures,  and  books,  and  so  on,  Mr.  Marvin  said, 
"Little  girl,  do  you  want  this  loon?"  and  so  great  was  the  writ- 
er's joy  that  she  could  not  trust  herself  to  speak  aloud,  but 
nodded  her  head  quickly,  grabbed  the  precious  bird  and  dis- 
appeared with  it.  This  she  prized  for  eleven  years,  when  some- 
one stole  it  from  her.  She  thinks  that  this  loon  was  gotten  by 
Mr.  Dana  Marvin,  an  officer  in  the  navy,  who  presented  it  to 
the  father. 

She  recalls  a  few  times  in  her  child  life  when  she  was  out 
late  at  night  with  her  parents  or  older  friends,  and  the  gas  man 
would  be  ahead  of  them  and  put  out  the  little  flickering  gas  .iets 
which  were  in  scjuare  glass  lanterns  on  top  of  posts.     A  child 


iiist()i;y  of  ■rnrMiiii.L  corxTV  c.-.'-. 

wlio  cmild  ujirnite  at  jschool  that  lie  was  out  at  niglit  after  the 
gas  man  had  been  around,  was  a  i>reat  hero.  The  ,i>as  was 
lighted  ))y  one  man. 

Another  person  of  the  past  was  the  only  milkman  the  town 
liad,  Mr.  Peter  Gaskil].  He  used  to  sit  in  the  wagon  and  ring 
the  bell  until  the  customer  eanie  out.  The  thrifty  iKuisewife 
always  had  her  pan,  her  tickets,  and  in  winter,  some  heavy  wrap, 
lying  on  the  talile  near  the  door,  so  that  she  might  huriy  to  tlu' 
cart  and  not  keej)  the  man  waiting.  She  remembers  ^Ir.  Gaskill 
told  her  tiiat  Mrs.  ITerzog,  the  mother  of  LaFayefte  Plerzog, 
the  attorney,  took  milk  from  him  the  first  day  he  I'an  the  cart 
and  was  still  his  customer  to  the  end,  probal)ly  twenty  years. 

^Vnothei-  picture  is  the  old  writing  school  which  was  tauglit 
liy  H.  Clay  Ewalt  of  Rowland.  She  rememl)ers  a  boy,  long  since 
dead,  who  ]»icked  his  finger  and  filled  his  pen  with  blood  and 
wrote  her  name,  which  bit  of  jiaper  she  preseiwed  many  long 
years.  This  writing  school  was  held  over  the  store  of  Andrews 
&:  Weeks,  and  although  Mr.  Ewalt  could  make  beautiful  pen 
birds,  and  wrote  a  fine  hand  himself,  the  writer  did  not  inii>rove 
in  her  dreadful  penmanship. 

She  remembers  how  big  the  trees  were  in  the  park,  and  how 
the  park  had  a  goodly  grade  on  the  southwest  corner.  So  much 
so,  that  she  used  to  ride  flat  down  on  her  stomach  on  her  sled  in 
the  winter  time.  She  remembers  when  there  was  a  turnstile  at 
two  at  least  of  the  park  entrances,  and  she  remembers  seeing  a 
beautiful  young  lady,  who  is  now  a  grandmother,  swinging  on 
that  stile.  She  remembers  when  they  filled  in  the  park,  and 
covered  u\)  the  roots  of  the  trees  in  the  soutliwest  corner  so 
that  they  died. 

When  she  lived  on  Market  street  the  mud  was  so  dee]i  that 
in  the  sy)ring-time  horses  sometimes  could  not  i>nll  vehicles. 
Once  or  twice  conveyances  broke  down,  and  then  iier  father,  and 
Mr.  L.  C.  Jones,  liis  ])artner,  took  the  matter  to  the  "City 
Fathers"  and  the  <|uestion  of  sewering  the  town  was  agitated, 
which  led  to  results.  She  has  a  distinct  memory  of  when  tlie 
sewer  was  built  on  Market  street.  Sometimes  the  men  wIki  were 
working  there  would  let  the  children  down  into  the  ditch  on  dry 
summer  days,  where  they  would  play  until  they  were  thoroughly 
coated  with  blue  and  yellow  clay.  Once  a  flock  of  sheei),  after 
the  sewer  was  nearly  finished,  got  into  it  and  traveled  a  goodly 
distance.  She  then  lived  in  the  house  now  owned  by  John 
Camp))ell,  midway  l)etween  Vine  and  Pine  streets  on  the  north 

Vol.    I— 4U 


G-io  iiisToKV  OF  Ti;r:\iRrLL  corxTY 

side.  It  had  been  the  home  of  John  Weeks,  who  built  several 
nice  liouses  in  this  city,  one  owned  now  by  M.  S.  Chipp,  one  by 
Mrs.  W.  C.  Stiles,  on  Park  avenue.  Mr.  Weeks  was  very  fond 
of  flowers  and  fruit.  In  his  Httie  garden  spot  he  had  pears  of 
several  varieties,  five  or  six  apple  trees,  common  currants,  and 
cherry  currants,  Lawton  blackberries,  two  kinds  of  grapes,  vines 
growing  on  the  barn,  and  a  beautiful  strawberry  l)ed.  (Jn  the 
sjiot  of  the  strawberry  bed,  John  Campbell,  a  double  cousin  of 
President  William  ^LcKinley,  now  has  a  house  in  which  he 
himself  lives. 

The  old  Baptist  liell  had  the  most  horrible  tone  of  any 
church  bell.  Her  pet  dog  used  to  howl  every  time  it  rang,  and 
the  neighbors  threatened  to  have  it  killed.  She  used  to  sit  and 
hold  the  dog's  jaws  together  when  the  bell  rang,  explaining  to 
the  animal  that  it  was  a  question  of  life  and  death  with  it.  It 
seems  as  if  the  sexton  rang  that  bell  an  hour  each  Sunday 
moi'ning. 

She  remembers  how  l)ig  Eed  Kun  was  in  those  early  days 
and  how  sometimes  she  sailed  cucumber  boats  on  it,  sometimes 
waded  in  it,  but  she  particularly  remembers  a  spot  Ijelow  the 
Market  street  crossing  where  one  spring,  after  a  I'evival  in  a 
church  here,  she  acted  as  chaplain  and  baptized  six  or  eight  of 
the  younger  children  of  the  neighborhood,  using  the  Episcopal 
service.  For  this  wicked,  sacrilegious  performance,  some  of  her 
mother's  friends  tried  to  persuade  that  parent  to  chastise  her, 
but  the  mother,  not  belie^■ing  in  corporal  punishment,  com- 
promised by  promising  to  keej)  her  in  the  house  half  a  day  and 
to  make  it  right  with  the  child,  spent  the  entire  half  day 
])laying  with  her  herself. 

Another  relic  of  memory  is  the  old  brick  pond  on  which 
she  skated,  and  the  canal  basin  which  ran  at  right  angles  with 
the  Canal  proper,  up  to  South  street,  nearly  opposite  the  Tddings 
residence.  Here  she  was  allowed  to  skate  and  two  or  three 
times  in  her  life  did  she  go  to  Adgate's  pond.  Other  children 
went  often.  She  was  not  really  built  for  athletics.  She  remem- 
bers watching  the  young  men  and  women  of  that  day,  and 
remembers  some  of  the  skating  suits  which  the  high-school  girls 
wore.  Mattie  Harmon  (Mrs.  Hawkins),  Clara  Harmon  (Mrs. 
Bradshaw),had  skating  suits  of  black  and  white  woolen,  flattie's 
trimmed  with  pale  blue  stripes,  and  Clara's  with  light  red.  She 
wondered,  as  she  saw  these  two  young  women,  each  with  a  young 


IIISTOKV  (IF  'I'KrMi'.ll.l.  CorXTV  Cir 

iiiaii.  sailing  off  towards  Adgate's  pond,  whether  she  would  ever 
have  anything  so  elegant  as  a  skating  suit.    She  never  had. 

Then  there  were  tlie  dancing  schools  to  which  she  went  in 
the  afternoon,  while  the  older  people  went  in  the  evening.  Some- 
times she  was  allowed  to  stay  for  the  evening  ]iarty.  She 
remembers  full  well  the  dancing  master,  named  l>all(>u.  who 
wore  a  peculiar  kind  of  innnps  and  showed  off  fancy  steps  hy 
himself  in  the  middle  of  the  big  ball-room.  Her  life  was  so 
exceedingly  ordinary  that  she  congratulates  herself  that  she 
was  a  good  enough  dancer  to  have  this  great  Cleveland  thnicing 
master  lead  her  out  to  help  illustrate  these  steps.  She  can  shut 
her  eyes  and  see  old  Prof.  Powers  of  Mecca,  at  a  later  date,  with 
violin  in  hand,  counting,  "one-and-two-and-three-and-four"  if 
it  was  a  polka,  "one,  two,  three"  if  it  was  a  waltz.  On  occasions 
when  she  stayed  to  these  evening  dances,  she  rememl)ers  that 
many  of  tlie  young  men.  ])lenty  of  whom  died  early,  some  of 
whom  have  HvcmI  to  make  the  lives  of  their  families  miserable, 
and  others  our  best  citizens,  used  to  have  so  nmch  to  drink  that 
as  the  evening  wore  on  they  would  ))e  ([uite  imsteady  partners. 
She  remembers  a  grand  mascjuei-ade  ball  or  two,  in  one  of  which 
her  ]iartner  took  the  i>art  of  Romeo,  and  sent  to  Cleveland  for  a 
suit.  It  had  green  trunks,  ;ni<l  Hesh-colored  tights.  ( )f 
course  the  boy  wore  his  clothes  over  this  suit  when  he  went  to  the 
party,  but  when  lie  started  home  he  forgot  to  put  on  his  trou- 
sers. When  they  got  out  into  the  night  air,  ])eing  mid-winter. 
it  was  exceedingly  cool,  and  he  and  she  ran  all  the  way  to  her 
house  in  order  tliat  he  might  not  take  cold. 

The  beautifid  garden  of  Mrs..  Betsey  AVebb,  slie  used  to  go 
and  look  at  through  the  back  fences,  her  own  home  l)eing  on 
Market  street  exactly  oi)posite  Mrs.  Webb's  on  South.  Airs. 
Webb  was  a  very  cultured  woman,  read  a  great  deal  and  kept 
closely  to  herself.  Children,  as  a  rule,  were  more  or  less  afraid 
of  her.  Boys  would  sometimes  throw  sticks  and  stones  at  her 
garden  or  into  her  fruit  trees,  and  then  run.  One  day.  the 
writer  went  into  this  garden,  over  the  back  fence,  and  saw  a 
])eculiar  flower.  As  she  remembers  it,  it  was  a  pale  green.  She 
stooi)ed  to  look  at  it,  and  saw  Mrs.  Webb  coming  towards  her. 
Her  first  inclination  was  to  fly,  but  she  held  her  ground.  Mrs. 
Webb  came  clear  u])  to  her  without  saying  a  word,  and  the 
writer,  looking  u]i.  said,  "I  wanted  to  see  this  new  flower.  The 
other  children  are  afraid  of  you,  but  I  believe  people  who  love 
flowers  love  children."    When  the  writer  looked  up  again,  there 


6-38  HISTOKY   OF  ^'l.T.M  lUl.L  C'OUXTY 

wei'i'  tears  in  the  woman 's  eyes,  and  she  walked  into  tlie  house. 
Ever  after  that  the  child  was  welcome  in  the  garden,  and  Mrs. 
Wehl)  sometimes  gave  her  fruit,  ])lauts  for  her  own  garden,  and 
was  always  kind  to  her,  although  she  does  not  remember  any 
word  she  ever  spoke  to  her.  At  this  time  the  Hon.  Thomas  D. 
Wehl)  was  dead,  but  the  writer  remembers,  the  first  year  prob- 
ably she  was  in  Warren,  of  walking  with  her  mother  on  South 
street  and  seeing  Mr.  Webb,  sitting  near  his  office  door,  at  the 
top  of  the  old  stone  steps,  with  a  crutch  across  his  knee.  She 
remembers  when  there  were  but  two  or  three  houses  on  the 
block  between  Monroe  and  Washington,  and  east  of  the  house 
now  owned  by  the  Perkins  estate  on  Monroe  street.  There  were 
large  oak  trees  in  this  opening,  and  here  she  has  gathered 
acorns.  ,Iust  why  the  children  in  those  days  gathered  acorns 
no  one  knows.  They  were  not  fit  to  eat  and  were  of  no  use,  and 
yet  they  were  largely  desired. 

The  writer  recalls  the  feeling  there  was  at  the  close  of  the 
war  towards  the  men  who  sympathized  with  the  South.  They 
were,  of  course,  very  few.  She  remembers  a  large  concourse  of 
people,  in  the  park,  with  a  man  speaking.  She  also  remembers 
that  a  group  of  these  men  grabbed  another  man  and  started  with 
liim  towards  the  river.  She  was  later  told  that  the  main  speaker 
was  Valandingham,  and  that  Mr.  John  Stull,  in  liis  enthusiasm 
as  a  Union  man,  had  interrupted  the  meeting,  wliereupon  some 
men  favoring  secession  had  decided  to  throw  him  in  the  river. 
This  action  was  prevented  by  cool-headed  members  of  the 
Democracy  wlio  were  not  necessarily  in  favor  of  slavery.  These 
men  were  known  as  "War  Democrats."  ]\Ir.  Stull  was  never 
sorry  that  he  raised  liis  voice  at  this  time. 

The  old  Perkins  homestead  impressed  itself  on  her  mind. 
She  remembers  wandering  around  the  vacant  liouse,  and  com- 
ing upon,  here  and  there,  boxes  filled  with  pieces  of  silk,  bobinet, 
and  so  on.  She  remembers  particularly  the  flowers  and  fruits 
on  this  old  place,  and  how,  just  about  where  the  present  house 
stands,  was  a  tree  of  wine  apples.  This  tree  was  so  low  that 
the  children  could  sit  in  the  crotch  and  fill  themselves  with  tliese 
delicious  a])]i!es. 

The  children  of  her  early  days  used  to  have  sleighing  par- 
tics.  Old  Billy  Lee,  a  colored  man,  who  used  a  box  sled  for  the 
liauling  of  l)arn-yard  fertilizer,  would  clean  out  tliis  box  when 
the  snow  came,  fill  it  with  straw,  and  a  number  of  boys  would 
invite  an  ecjual  number  of  girls,  in  the  evening,  to  go  to  Bacons- 


llISToliY   OF  Tia.Mr.rLL  COrXTY  (l-.'U 

burg  ((Portland),  where  au  oyster  supper,  euiisistiiig  of  stewed 
oysters,  crackers,  cold  slaw,  coffee,  with  cake,  would  be  served. 
The  sleigh  bells  which  this  old  colored  driver  had  were  large, 
deep-toned,  beautiful  bells,  aud  could  be  heard  a  long  way  on  a 
still  night.  Nothing  could  have  been  more  uncomfortable  than 
this  old  sleigh  in  which  the  children  sat  flat  on  the  bottom,  with- 
out half  enough  covering,  and  yet,  to  have  a  sleigliride  to 
Baconsburg  was  the  event  of  the  winter. 

The  writer  remembers  the  singing  schools  of  the  early  '7Us, 
which  were  not  conducted  at  all  as  the  singing  schools  of  sixty 
years  earlier.  In  the  first  singing  schools  people  were  taught 
notes  and  execution,  and  really  were  educated;  they  occupied 
weeks,  sometimes  a  whole  winter,  but  the  singing  schools  of  the 
early  '7()s  were  money-making  things  for  some  straying  musi- 
cian, who  came  to  town,  got  all  the  children  excited,  had  them 
sing  an  hour  after  school  every  night,  and  ended  with  a  great 
spectacular  show  of  home  talent.  It  is  easy  to  know  how  little 
merit  there  was  in  these  entertainments  when  the  writer  states 
that  she  sang  the  soprano  in  a  duet  which  was  acted,  the  alto 
being  taken  by  Jules  Goldstein.  Neither  of  them  could  sing  at 
all,  but  there  must  have  been  something  interesting  about  it, 
because  this  pair  were  twice  encored.  At  these  entertainments 
there  were  always  angels  and  dear  little  girls  in  tarlatan  dresses 
with  gilt  stars,  and  fairies  who  danced,  or  tried  to. 

The  writer  remembers  some  of  the  early  graduations  when 
the  audience  threw  the  bouquets  at  the  graduates,  each  of  whom 
read  an  essay,  if  she  were  a  girl,  or  gave  an  oration  if  he  were 
a  boy.  They  were  usually  held  in  Webb's  Hall.  The  scholar 
with  the  most  bouciuets  was  the  happiest. 

She  remembers  how  once  she  rose  early  in  the  morning  to 
gather  hucklelierries  and  peddled  them  barefooted  down  ^lalion- 
ing  avenue  and  out  High  street,  to  the  utter  dismay  of  her  family. 
Once  she  saved  paper  rags,  and  taking  them  to  the  store  got  in 
exchange  some  cotton  handkerjjhiefs,  and  was  punished.  8he  be- 
lieves she  would  have  been  a  good  business  person  if  these  early 
enterprises  had  not  been  nipped  in  the  bud. 

Yes,  of  coui'se,  she  remembers  when  there  was  no  telephone, 
aud  she  thinks  she  remembers  when  there  was  no  telegraph. 
She  knows  of  a  time  when  street  cars  were  not  thought  of — and 
yet  the  young  man  writing  the  next  history  of  Trumbull  County 
will  tell  us  the  location  of  the  place  for  renting  flying-machines. 


INDEX. 


Abull.  Wirt  W..  138. 
Aiklcv.   Kose  Ealston,   S22. 
AiJaiiis.   Asael,   109.   110.   153,   503, 

•■|3!). 

Adams.   Wliittlesev.    1-23.   137,    1G3, 

•548,  370.  379. 
Adamson.  Bentlev,  265,  267. 
Ad.yati'.  John  H.',  77.  493. 
Adgate.  Mrs.  John  H.,  369. 
Agricultural  Fairs,  374,  426. 
Albertson,  Alfred  L.,  333. 
Alderman  Family,  456. 
Aldi'i'man.  Mrs.   Gertrude,   304. 
Allen.  Dudley  P.,  334,  518. 
Allen.  Peter,"  517. 
Allison,,  John,  527. 
Alumni,  Warren  High  School.  307. 
American  House,  109. 
Andrews,  Andrew  J.,  596. 
Andrews.  Austin,  499. 
Andrews,  Mrs.  Kennedy,  295. 
Angstadt,  Charles  H.,  307. 
.Vppleseed.  Johnny,  62. 
Artists,   of   Trumbull   County,   386. 
Ashtabula    County,    First    Settlers, 

54. 
Atlantic    &    Great    Western    T!.    H.. 

139. 
At;water.  Amzi.  44,  45,  46. 
Atwater  Township,  58. 
Austin,  Benajah,  83,  268. 
Austin.  Calym,  58,  370. 
Austin,  Eliphalet,  147. 
Austin,  Harmon.  83,  268. 
Austin  House.  107,  621. 

Bacon.  Samuel.  410. 
Baconsl>uru-.  410. 


Badger,  Itev.  Joseph,  239.  240,  246, 
450,  457,  481. 

Baehr,  John,  399. 

Bailev.  Isaac,  539. 

BaileV.  Xatlianiel  P..  250. 

BailcyV  Corners.  539. 

Hablwiii.  Fphraim,  454. 

Baldwin.  Jacob  H.,  437. 

lialilwin.  Jesse,  595. 

Baldwin,  W.  G..  187. 

Baldwin.  William  H.,  110. 

Banks  and  Banking,  347. 

Ba])tist  Church.  241;  Bazetta.  410; 
Bristol.  430;  Hartford,  492; 
Howland,  500:  Mecca,  549;  lH^ew- 
ton,  562;  Southington,  570;  Ver- 
non, 586. 

Bar  of  1831,  The,  166. 

Barbe,  William,  429. 

Barney.  J.  C,  301. 

Barnhisel,  Henry,  526. 

Bartholomew  Family,  594. 

BiTrtlett.  Isaiah,  5li. 

Battle  of  the  Snakes.  406. 

Baughman,  Abraham,  428. 

Bazetta  and  the  County  Seat.  408. 

Bazetta  Township,  408. 

Beach,  Emily.  456. 

Bear  Story.  469. 

Beardsley,  C.  G..  542. 

Beayer,  John  F.,  165. 

Beebe,  Mrs?.  William  H.,  495. 

Beeman,  Captain,  473. 

Belden.  H.  C.  206. 

Bell.  John  W..  386. 

Bell.  William,  88. 

Bench  and  Bar.  142 :  Anecdotes, 
188. 

Beutie\.  Ailanison.  242. 


632 


INDEX 


Betts,  Xeuophon,  594. 
Bichvell,  Eiverhis,  477. 
Biei'ce,  Lucius  V.,  162,  167. 
Birchard.  :\Iatliew.  121,  160,  ;364. 
Biivhard.  ilathew.  Home,    114. 
Bischotf,  Daniel  396,  621. 
Bixler,  John  G.,  528. 
Blachley,  Dr.  and  :\Irs.  6.07. 
Blast   Furnace   in   Brookfield,   425 ; 

at  Niles,  603. 
Bliss,  P.  P.,  588. 
Bloooifield  Swamps,  413. 
Bloomfield  Township,  413. 
•■Blue  Laws,'"  238. 
"Bodily  Exercises,"  578. 
"BoUestown,-'"  565. 
Bond,  W.  S.,  333. 
Boswortli,  Cyrus,  267,  539. 
Boundaries  of  Western  Reserve,  11. 
Bowycr,  Thomas,  554. 
Brace,  Jonathan,  401. 
Braceville  Township,  401. 
Bradley,  Ariel,   509. 
Bradlev,  James,  508. 
'■Brick'  Pond,"  92,  626. 
Bridges,   131. 
Bridle,  John,  273. 
Brinkerhoff,  E.  E.,  337. 
Brisbane,  James  P.,  198. 
Bristol  Township,  438. 
Brockwav,  Aaron,  576. 
Brockwa'v,  Edward,  484. 
Brockwav's  Hill,  484. 
Bronson.'  Charles  P.,  388,  392. 
Bronson,  Elisha,  568. 
Bronson  Family,  558. 
Bronson,  Trac%  558. 
Brookfield  Township,  434. 
Brooks,  .James  G.,  137. 
I'lriiwn,  Anne  F.,  419. 
Brown,  Ephraim,  61,  418. 
Brown,  Fayette,  418. 
Brown,  John  Jr.,  478. 
Brown,  J.  S.,  323. 
Buchwalter,  Jav,  184. 
Bucksteiner,  John,  399. 
BueM,  J.  K.,  511. 
Burshill,  484. 
Burnett,  William,  501. 
Burnhani,  Jedediah,  318. 


Burr,  Bathsheba,  485,  590. 
Bushnell,  Marv,  486. 
Bushnell.  Will'iam,  485. 
Button,  W.  H.,  323. 
B.  &  0.  Kailroad,  141. 

Caldwell,  Clare,  187. 

Canadian  Settlers  in  Greene,  458. 

Canals,  131. 

Camp,  Daniel,  376. 

Camp  Hutchins,  305. 

Campbell,  Alexander,  264. 

Campbell,  Thomas,  363. 

Carey,  Charles  E.,  305. 

Carlton,  Peter,  537. 

Carnegie,  Andrew,  386. 

Carter,  Erastus,  510. 

Case,  Asa,  478. 

Case  Family,  80. 

Case,  Holbert  C,  198. 

Case,  Leonard.  80,  97,  152. 

Case,  Mary,  285. 

Case,  Meshack,  79. 

"Castle  William,"'  90,  95,  105. 

Catholic  Church,  278;  Hubbard, 
506,  Liberty,  536;  Xiles,  611. 

Cemeteries,  369. 

Cemetery,  Greene  Township,  463. 

Central  Christian  Church,  263. 

Central  Grammar  School,  303. 

Centralized  Schools,  First,  481. 

Chalker,  Edmund,  565. 

Clhalker  High  School,  570. 

Chalker,  James  Sr.,  570. 

Chalker,  Xewton,  570.  • 

Chambers,  John,  436. 

Champion  TowTishii),  433. 

Charter  Oak,  9. 

Cheese  Making,  136. 

CJiesney,  James,  114. 

Chesney,  Samuel,  114. 

(Jhipman,  X.  D.,  404. 

Christ  Church,  Episcopal,  256. 

Christian  Church,  263 ;  Braceville, 
405;  Brookfield,  437;  Fowler, 
457;  Xewton,  561;  Xiles,  610. 

Christian  Science  Church,  281. 

Christianar,  Henry,  397. 

Chryst,  Frank  S.,'l83. 

Churches,       236;      Bazetta,      410; 


IXDKX 


63:; 


Bloomtiold,  4-3-2:  liraerN  ilU\  4<l 
Bristol,  4-29:  Bnmkfield,  426: 
(.'hajiipion,  438 ;  Farmington 
450 :  Fowli'v.  45T  :  Greeno,  46o 
Gusta\us.  481:  Hartford.  48!) 
Howland,  MO :  Hubbard.  505 
Johnston,  511 ;  Kinsman.  519 
Liberty.  53"i :  Tjordstown.  543 
^Iccca,  548 ;  31esopotamia.  555 
Xfw-ton.  561 ;  Xiles.  610  ;  Sonth- 
ingtou.  570  :  Vurnnn.  58(i :  Vi(_'n- 
na,  597. 

Church.    First    at    Austinhurg.    -Ui). 

Cliurch  Goinu'  Ainoim-  Pionocrs.  115. 
467. 

C'hurdiill.  :^->:]. 

Churchill.  Winston.  88. 

"Circlevillc,"  603. 

Citv  Hall,  Warren,  394. 

Civil  Lists.  613. 

Civil   War.  197. 

Clark.  A.  H.,  353. 

Clark,  George  Bogers,  50. 

Clark.  Isaac.  553. 

Clark.  Joseph,  554. 

Clark.  Balsa,  465,  58-2. 

Claypole,  J.  P..  331. 

Cleaveland.  Moses.  27.  28.  32.  35. 

Cleveland  &  Mahoning  E.  B..  138. 

Cleveland,  First  Houses  in.  38. 

Clisby.  S. C.  331. 

Coal  in  Brookfield.  425. 

Coal  in  Hubbard   Township.   505. 

Coalburg.  507. 

Coe,  Alvin,  581. 

Coe,  Eev.  Harvey.  490.  519. 

Columbus,  1.  4. 

Commercial  Xational  Bank.  350. 

Common  Plea.s  Judges,  191,  192. 

Concord  Baptist  Church.  241.  243. 

Cone.  Calvin,  476. 

Congregational  Church,  Bloomfield. 
422  :  Farmington.  450  :  Gustavus. 
481. 

Congressmen  from  TrmnljuU  Coun- 
ty. 614. 

Connecticut.  2. 

Connecticut  and  Pennsylvania. 
Boundary  Dispute.  11. 


ConnecticiU  dinstitution.  8. 
Cc)nnectic\U   Land  Ci>iiipany,  1(5.  27. 

142,  238:   Land  Company.  Direc-- 

tors    of.    27:    Law    and    L'eligion. 

236. 
CoiistitNlioii.  The,  364. 
Cooking.  Pioneer.  62.  67. 
Cornell.  Dehuia.  417. 
Cortland.    410:    Banks,    354:    High 

School.  511. 
Cortland   (htzeftr,  The.  367. 
Cortland  Herald,  The,  367. 
Corwin  ileeting,  470. 
Colgrcave.  William  W..  95.  lo5. 
County  Seat  War.  92. 
Court'  House.  First.  90. 
Court.    First    in    Trumlnill    County. 

146:  of   Common  Pleas,   146:  of 

(Quarter   Sessions.    146:   of   (Juar- 

ter  Sessions,  First,  90. 
Cowdrey,  Frank  E.,  183. 
Cowdrey,  Julius  X.,  174. 
Cowdrev.  X.  A..  354. 
Cox.  J.'  D..  166.  293,  299. 
Cox.  Kenvon.  295.  386. 
Craig,  S.  B.,  174. 
Cramer.  A.  E.;  502. 
Crane,  Ira  B..  446. 
Crawford,  John,  387. 
Crooks.  William.  77. 
Crosbv.  Obid.  584.  oSG. 
Cn>ss;  Abisha.  421. 
Crowell.  John.  161. 
Crum.  Jonathan.  541. 
Curtis.  David.  441. 

Dallv.  Charles,  376. 

Dallv  Family,  267. 

Dally.  Isaac,'  241. 

Dana,  Anderson.  287. 

Dana.  Charles  A..  448. 

Dana,  Daniel,  370. 

Dana.  Junius.  109.  138.  288.  289. 

Dana  Musical  Institute.  109. 

Daniels.  David,  57. 

Davison.  Benjamin.  77,  So.  81,  114. 

Davis,  William.  Sr..  409. 

Dawson.  Joseph,  545. 

Day.  George.  245. 

Deanc.  Lavinia,  l<)ii. 


(i:!l 


INDEX 


lArliR'l-.   \\-di\v   II..   187. 

Dfei-tiuld,  First  Settler,  58. 

Doming.  William  C,  366. 

Derv,  Samuel,  398. 

DeWolf.  Joseph,  576. 

Dickey,  ]\Iartha  and  Frances,  'ido. 

Dickev,  Samuel,  617. 

Dietz.' Wilhelm.'397. 

Dillev,  E.  O.,  183. 

Disciples    Churcli.   •i4:-i.   -^63;   Hart- 


.550 : 


354. 
436. 
50-2. 


ford,  491 :  Liberty 
town.  544 :  Mecca 
iugton,  571. 

"Di.\i«,"  .348. 

Doan,  John,  55. 

Dnrtors,  315. 

DoUai-  Savings  Bank 

I  )iinalils()n,  Andrew 

i»iuiglit(m.  Stephen 

iJoud,  Samuel,  455. 

Drown,  A.  A.,'  187. 

DuBois,  Eev.,  258. 

■•Duboisville,"'  559. 

'"Duck  t'reok  Corners.""  •; 

Duncan,  James,  532. 

Duncan.  Tiinmas,  540. 

Dunnavant,  W.  W.,  IIO. 

Dursts  l"aniilv,  436. 

•■Dutch  Kidgc,""  484. 


Lords 
South 


iglc  House,  108. 
arlv  Funerals,  372. 
aton,  Daniel,  603,  6Q3. 
aton,  James,  602. 
iton,  Theophilus,  602. 
man.  Ambrose,  526. 

lucation,  284.   (See  Schools.) 

hrards,  John  ^I.,  363. 

Iwards,  John  Stark,  86.  112,  147 

195,  370,  514,  551. 

izabeth,  Queen,  6. 
hu  Street  Schoolhouse,  303. 
Iwell.  Alfred,  404. 
ly,  Ijcwis,  58. 
mmons.  ^lai-y  W.,  580. 
mjjire  r)lock,  1 14. 
ngland,  4. 
nsign,  J.  X..  5()1. 
piscojial    Chui'cb.   256. 
])iscopal    {'"I'liiah'  Seminary,  289. 


I'^iitaphs,  (^uccr,  463. 

Erie  liailroad,  140. 

Estabrook,  Simon,  486. 

l-:vangelical    Church,    282:    South- 

iuuton.  571. 
Ewa'it  Fauiilv,  497. 
Ewalt,  H.  Clay,  625. 
Ewait,  Zachariah  T.,  375,  498. 

Fairs,  374. 

Farmers  Banking  Company,  353. 

Farniington  Township,  441;  Nor- 
mal School,  449. 

Farrell,  Dr.,  320. 

Ferries,  131. 

Ferry,  Lyman,  414. 

Fever  and  Ague,  52. 

Fiester,  H.  A.,  324. 

Fillius,  Charles,  181. 

Fire  Department,  388. 

'Tire  Lands,"  13,  14. 

Fire  of  1846,  388;  of  1867,  393. 

First  Baptist  Church,  245. 

First  Burials,  41. 

First  Court  and  Court  House,  90. 

First  Independence  Day,  33. 

First  National  Bank  of  Cortland, 
354. 

First  Newspaper,  356. 

First  Permanent  Settler,  48. 

First  Race  Track  in  Trumbull 
County.  82. 

Fitch,  Zalmon.  347,  349. 

Fiat-Boats.  131. 

'•Flats,""  The,  74. 

Flower,  Lavinia,  591. 

Fobes,  Simon,  518. 

Footstoves  in  Church,  248. 

Ford,  Seabury,  130,  381. 

Fort  Oswego,  30. 

Foster,  Stephen,  102. 

Fourteenth  Independent  Battery, 
205. 

Fowh'r,  Aljner,  452. 

Fowler  Township,  452. 

Frack,  Sarah  Gaston,  324. 

France,  4. 

Franklin  &  Warren  R.  R.,  139. 

Franklin  House,  110. 

Fi'aternities,  337. 


INDEX 


Jm'.v    Will    l'.a|iti^t    CliiHvli.    'Sli'ven. 

•VIS. 
Ficciiiaii.    l''r;iiuis.    111.  4Ul. 
l-'icclllilll     I  Idlllf.    117. 

J-'i-ivi 1,   Siiiiiiu'l    l.ravitt.  401. 

J-'ulIci'.    Ira    1...    111.    1(;4. 
Fiillci'.   Mi-s.  Iva.  •.'!):',. 

(ia.iiX-'.  Fanny  I  )ana.  4'.il. 
Gairini;.  (Jcoil;i'.  :!!m;. 
(ianlnev.   Ira  \V..   \'J->.  47^. 
(Tarficld.  .lanu's  .\.,  -.'(I.  4!t4. 
(xaskill    lli.iiso.  107. 
(niskill,    Mi)i--an.  1(17. 
(Jaskill.    W'Wv.  ■J!)7,  &H. 
(iernian  Anu'i'ican   Families;.  oHG. 
(lernian  SettliTs  in  liristol.  4"i8  :  in 

Xewton.  .")(;4. 
(iiddiii.us.  .Toslma   K..  I(i7. 
(4i(lilinus.  Tlionias.    'u'L 
Giltert.  Daviil  ]{..  1.S7. 
Gilder  Family.  47"). 
(7ildei-slccvc.  Olicdiah.  47-3. 
GilhiKT.   G.   I'..   IS -I. 
({illmci'.   I.'.illin   I.,  1S4. 
(Jillnier.  4"li(iiiias   II..  ISO.  3.30.  -301. 
(7ilhurr.  'V.   I..   ISO. 

(lirard.  .3-.':!  :  Scl Is.  rr.Vi. 

(iliddcn.  Cliai-I.'s  F..  li;s. 

(TOerinii'.  .Inlin.  .'I'JS. 

GoodJiui'.   Nathaniel.  417. 

Goodrich.  ( '.   1  >..  3-J.3. 

Goveniiirs    fviini    Trumhull    County. 

61(). 
Graeter.   Ananstiis.   Mt-2.  ?M). 
(4raeter   iloust'.  10".'. 
(Ti-and   Ki\<'i'.   Il:i. 
GranaxT.  K'nth.  3S-,'. 
(4raii't,  lioswL'll  M..  31. 
Gray.  Elislia.  478. 
"Green.  The."  4->4. 
(ireeiie.  Ganlner.  43S. 
(ilreene  Tn^nshiji.  43S. 
Greer,  .lames.  44'.i. 
(Iriffis.  Jlrs.  Daniel.  .3!»(i. 
Griswold.  (iilos  <)..  :!T<i.  378. 
Grove.  Andrrw,  34i). 
Grove,  ]\Jaria.  341. 
Guild,  Otis  and  Wife.  .352. 
Gnn,  Elijah,  28.  40. 


( iu<la\  us   .Veadeiny.  480. 
( iiisla\  us  'I'ln^  nsliip.  474. 

ilamcs.  Seldrn.   KUI,  ■.'113.    103. 

Hall.  .less,..  302. 

ilalliday.  .I<'sse.  234.  337.  33S. 

Hank   Family.  4!i3. 

Hank.  liieha'rd.  4'.)3. 

Ilapu I.  Gcoi-v.   102.  :;r,-,'. 

HarnKin.   diaries.  2()1. 

I  lai'uiiin,  Elias.  33,  3(i. 

Harmon.   Heman,  103,  2(l(i.  39i). 

Ilannmi.  .John  B.,  2Sr,  318,  335. 

Harmon,  .Julian,  331,  383, 

HaiuKin,  Eeuben,  599. 

liai'rin.nton.  Charles    A.,    173,    351, 

400,  471. 
Harrington,  Carrie  P.,  305. 
Harrington,  .John,  458. 
i  lai'i-inyton,  William,  458,  462. 
Ilai'i-isnii.  William  Henry,  143. 
Harsh.  .lohn.  118. 
Harshnian,  .Jacob,  541. 
Hart  Family,  447. 

Hartford  Aeademie    Institute,    489, 
llai-tloni  Township,  484. 
Haskell.  p]liza  K.,  417. 
HauK-r.  David,  528, 
llauser,  Elizabeth  .T..  529, 
Hauser,  Louis,  530. 
Haves,  Kiehard,  195. 
Haves,  Titus.  486. 
Heaton,  .James,  497,  003,  604, 
lleaton,  Warren.  605. 
Ilrcklinoer,  George  T.,  185. 
H.mIuvs.'  Martha,  404. 
Henry  VII,  5. 
llonshaw,  John  C,  330. 
Herlinjj-er,  David,  398. 
Herzog,  John  L.,  186. 
Herzoo-,  Lafavette.  301. 
Hiooins,  Dr..'  442. 
Hia'h  Street  School,  295, 
Hill,  .Jared.  509. 
llillman,    James,    38,    .30,    80,    152, 

374. 
Hine.    Danii'l.  Jr..  510. 
Hiiie.   1).  .M..  184. 
Hinsdale,  B.  A.,  238. 
Historical  Xotes,  617. 


Hoij 


IXDEX 


Hofl'nuin.  Benjainin  F.,  167. 
Hollev.  Alexander  H,,  39. 
Homes  of  Pioneers,  63. 
Homes,  Old,  of  Warren,  99. 
Honey,  Abram  S.,  53. 
Hoover,  D.  E.,  333. 
Hope  House,  108. 
Horse  Eacing,  375. 
Horton.  W.  F.,  332. 
Hotels,  of  Warren,  104. 
House  Eaising,  65. 
Hover,  Hezekiah,  557,  559. 
Howe,  Mehitable,  415. 
Howe,  Thomas,  415. 
Howland,  Joseph,  458. 
Howland  Springs,  493. 
Howland  Township,  77,  493. 
Hoyt,  Annie  and  Abbie,  135. 
Hoyt,  Lewis,  118. 
Hubbard  Township,  501. 
Hucke,  George  B.,  398. 
Hudson,  David,  55. 
Huise,  R.  K.,  183. 
Hmnason,  Jacob,  424. 
Humison,  J-oel,  593,  595. 
JIunter,  George,  499. 
Hunter,  Lafayette,  186. 
Huntley,  G.  A.,  333. 
Huntley,  0.  A.,  333. 
Huntington,  Elizabeth,  421. 
Huntington.  Samuel,  153. 
Hurd  Family,  567. 
Hurd,  Stephen,  600. 
Hutchins,  Francis  E.,  143,  169. 
Hutcliins,  John,  165. 
Ilutchins,  Samuel,  591. 
Hyde,  Ira,  445. 
Ilvde,  Washing-ton,  186. 

Iddings,  Elizabeth.  163,  356. 

Tddintjs.  Elizabeth  Lewis,  373. 

Tddin-s  Home.  113. 

Iddings,  Lewis  M.,  114,  118,  139. 

Iddings,  Mrs.  Morris,  375. 

Iddings,  Eichard,  113. 

Iddinirs.  Samuel  C,  351. 

Tndep.>ndence  Day  in  1800,  619. 

Indian  Council  at  Conneaut,  35. 

Indian  Paths,  127. 

Indian  Salt  Manufacture,  452. 


Indian     Traders     in    Western     Ee- 

scrve,  19. 
Indians,  465,  560,  579. 
Indians  at  Salt  Springs,  151. 
Indians  as  Warriors,  194. 
Ingersoll,  Jonathan,  165. 
Intemperance,  73. 
Iron  Manufacture  at  Xiles,  602. 
"Irreducible  School  Fund,"  285. 
Isabella,  Queen,  1. 
Izant,  Eotert  T.,  186,  353. 

Jail,. First,  95. 
.Jameson,  David,  382. 
Jefferson  Scjuare,  531. 
Jeflfries,  William  H.,  547. 
Jewell,  John,  502. 
Johnston  Township,  508. 
Jones,  Asa  W.,  173^ 
Jones,  Edward,  78. 
Jones,  Flam,  486. 
Jones,  L.  C,  175. 
Jones,  Thomas  G.,  97,  425. 

Kennedy  Family,  498. 

Kennedy,  James  C,  448. 

Kepner,  John,  487. 

Kilpatrick,  William  B.,  183. 

King,  "Auntie,"  254. 

King,  Barber,  494. 

King,  Ebenezer,  Jr.,  77,  441. 

King,  John  I.,  335,  583. 

King,  Julius,  254. 

King,  Leicester,  115,  248,  272,  419. 

Kingsbury  Family,  45. 

KingsbuiT.  James,  38,  40,  48,  147. 

Kingsley,  Calvin,  588. 

Kinsman  Centralized   Schools,    522. 

Kinsman,  Frederick,   16,   138,  373; 

Memorial,  261. 
Kinsman  Home,  116. 
Kinsman,  John,  96,  513,  516. 
Kinsman,  Mary  Van  Gorder,  135. 
Kinsman  Special  Schools,  522. 
Kinsman  Township,  513. 
Kirtland,  Jared,  514. 
Kirthind,  Turhand,    48.    127.    147, 

514,  545. 
Kline,  Peter,  524. 
Koehler,  John,  399. 


IXDEX 


637 


Knio-lits  of  rvthias.  ;)4(i. 
Krelil.  Fiv(l(?rii/k.  •")-'•"). 

LacUl,  Jnviii,  113.  IT.:. 

Ladd,  Isaac.  iCJ.  -.'(iS. 

Laird,  James,  554. 

Lake,  Constant,  425. 

Lake  Erie  and  Ohio  Canal,  132. 

Landon,  Jose23li,  44. 

Lane.  C.  W.,  328. 

Lane,  David,  4S5. 

Lane,  Erastiis.  404. 

Lane  Family.  Tii.  71). 

Lane.  Heniy.  .Tr..   110. 

Lane.  Honrv.  Sr..   lii.  .TS. 

Lane.  Henrv,  .'ul.  :i7(!. 

LaSalle,  IS.' 

Latimer,  J.  0..  324. 

Law.  David  and  Georae.  108. 

Lawver.    First   in  Western   liesevvc. 

25. 
Lawyers  and  Attorneys.  142. 
Leamino-.  J.  IT..  328. 
Leavitt.^  Enoch.  ,s:i.  3 IS. 
Leavitt  Familv.  S2. 
Leavitt,  John,'  :?.  81.  I(i4.  285. 
Leavitt,  John.  Jr..  441. 
Leavitt.  Samuel.  370. 
Lee,  A])ijali,  445. 
Lettinowell,  Phineas.  S3. 
Legal"   Status     of     Old     Trunil.ull 

Countv.  84. 
Leggett.'^iL  D..  IGti.  209. 
Leland.  L.  (i..  325. 
Leonard.  Emerson  B.,  187. 
Leonard.  William  A..  2(>3. 
Leslie,  M.  B.,  187. 
Letters.  Old,  121. 
Lilicrfii  Herald.  The.  3G7. 
Liherty  Township,  523. 
Lindsay,  Jesse,  477. 
London  Company.  7. 
Longmore.  Andrew.  538. 
Lordstown  Township,  538. 
Lotteries  in  Canal  Building.  132. 
Lolze.  George,  525. 
Liivi'laiid.  .\mos.  53. 

:Mrtekey.   Andrew.  5il(l. 
:\raeke'v.  Ira.  Sr..  5<i(i. 


:\la(k,'y.  Lulie  E..  182.  597. 

Mahiiuing  Canal.  13)3. 

.Mahoning  Cuunly.  97. 

.Mail  IJoutes,  First,  121. 

^Maple  Sugar,  464. 

■"Maria  Furnace,"  iMG. 

:\Iarriages,  Earlv,  619. 

:^^arket" Street  School.  304. 

Marshall.  Grover,  •"■i2(;. 

.Marvin.   Kev..  29:i. 

Marvin.  .Ii)s<'ph.  i;2  I. 

Masdii.    Frank   II..  205. 

-Mason.  Frank.  115. 

Masonic  Lodges,  341. 

^[asonrv,  337. 

.Masters.  John  W..  353. 

:Mavhew,  Martin  S..  326. 

Alc.Vdoo.  John  S.,  355. 

:\l.  A.l."..  William',  417. 

^It  ( 'nrlnev.  James.  530. 

McCai-tney.  John.  326. 

:\lc('(.nnell.  dames.  518. 

]tleCiirlev.  G.  B.,  331. 

:\lcGnlfev,  W.  IL.  288. 

:\lcKinlev,  William,  608. 

:\reLain,' Frank  D.,  365. 

:\IcLain.  T.  J..  Jr.,  2S8. 

■McLain.  Thomas  J..  Sr..  139.  363. 

^IcJIahou.  James.  73. 

:\rcMahon,  Joseph.  So.  150.  197. 

:ykA[ahon  Trial,  153. 

^IcMurrav,  James.  332. 

McQuiston,  Mr.  396. 

^[ecca  Township.  545. 

^ledicine,  315. 

^fedicines.  Pioneer,  ()5. 

:\[erritt,  Lydia  W..  460. 

^lerwin.  Fowler.  403. 

^Fesopotamia  Townshi]i.  551. 

;\retliodist  Church.  272:  Bazetta, 
411:  BraceviUe.  405;  Bloomfield, 
422;  Bristol,  430;  Champion, 
439;  Farming-ton,  450;  First  in 
Western  Pcserve.  584 ;  Fowler, 
157:  (instavu^.  4S2 :  Hartford. 
190.  492:  IIid)l)ard.  505;  Lordi^- 
town.  543;  :\Iecca.  549;  ^lesopo- 
taniia.  o')'> :  Newton.  5(13:  Xiles, 
ClO;   Ohltown.  (iOO  ;  Vivuna.  598. 

Mililarv  Ilistnrv.   I'.M. 


g;?s 


INDEX 


Militia,   i;)4. 
Militia  Trainins;',  195. 
Millar.  A.  T.,  387. 
Millikin.  Benjamin.  o;34. 
Mills  and  Flour-Making.  Tl. 
Mills.  Earlv,  ;5T.5. 
Mills  Fami'ly.  59. 
Mineral  Kidge.  GUI. 
Minich.  George  E.,  339. 
Minyouug.  William,  135. 
Missionaries,  First,  236,  238. 
:\Iitchell.  Matthew,  502. 
Mitcheltroe,  John.  507. 
MoiitgoiiieiT.  Louisa  jM..  8G. 
ilonumental  Park.  95. 
Moore,  C.  L.,  328. 
iloore,  L.  G.,  322. 
Moore,  L.  S.,  Jr.,  330. 
:\Ioran.  William  B.,  185. 
Moravians,  20. 
Morgan  Family.  54. 
Aforgan.  Orlando.  2G1. 
Mni's,'.  II.  K..  42.  70. 
,M(iirciw  Family,  454. 
Moses,  .\hiicr.  5S1 . 
Myers  Fainilv.  :!97. 
:\rvgatt.   ('(iiiirnrt.   15i;.    1!I2. 
Mv-;ill,  Gc.ii'-v.  24S. 
Mygall,   I'.illy.   15(i. 

Xai-row  (iauge  I'ailiMad,  140. 

National  House.  lOG. 

New  Connecticut.  Nature  of.  17. 

Newington.  W.  14.  \'..  GIO. 

Xrws-Lrlhr.  Tlie.   3(;3. 

Newspapers.  •■!5G. 

Newton  Falls.  Ill,  557.  55!). 

Newton  Townshi]).  557. 

Niles.  G02;  Banks.  ;i54. 

Niles  ] ndopciuh'ui .  The,  367. 

Niles  Xcwi<,  The.  368. 

Nineteenth  Regiment.  200. 

Noble,  Judson  E.,  503. 

North  Bloomfield  Banking  Co..  355. 

Northwest    Territory.    C'onquest    of. 

20. 
Xdrtoii.    Olive  :\[iller.  5GG. 
Xortoii.    Roderick.  565. 

Oakwood  Cemetery  Association.  373. 


Odd  Fellowship.  342. 

Officials     from     Trundiull     Countv, 

613. 
Old.  Michael,  600. 
Oldtown.  600. 

Oil  ]']xcitement  in  Mecca.  547. 
Old-Time  Preachers.  466. 
One   Hundred  and  Fifth  Pegiment. 

2(12. 
One    Hundred    and    Ninety-Seventh 

Pegiment,  204. 
One     Hundred     and     Seventy-First 

Ohio  Volunteers.  203. 
One     Hundred     and     Twenty-Fifth 

Pegiment,  202. 
■■Outario."  The  Packet.  135. 
Opdvke.  Emerson.  202. 
Orangeville,  491. 
Orchard,  First  in  Bazetta.  40!). 
Osborne.  Abner,  94.  524. 
Oviatt  Family.  401. 
Oviatt.  Samuel.  401. 


J.  W..  130. 

Thomas.  130.  540. 

William  D..  130. 
iii'lan  'SI..  333. 
■tterson.  3(54. 
Ambrose,  582. 
Ciirvdon.   582. 
W..'  352. 

(ieorge.  103.  285,  347. 
House,  103. 
Samuel  H..  13.  23.  25.  85, 


I'arkard. 
rackai-i! 

l';i.-kar<]. 

I'agc.   II 

I'alni.  .!( 

Tall 


Par 
1 


sons 
sons, 
43. 
tors 


Pi'esbvterian     t4uirch, 


PaviiidU.  The.  105. 

■■l'a\iie"s  Corners,""  592. 

I'ease.  Calvin,  44.  59.103.112.146, 

154.  155,  197.  374.  514. 
I'ease  Home,  112. 
I'ease,  Seth,  27,  29,  44,  154. 
"Peewee"  Eailroad,  14t). 
Peek,  Allen,  446. 
I'eck,  Joel,  446. 
Pelton,  Josiah,  474,  514. 
Peltcm,  Mvra  K.,  579. 
Pelton.  Puhamah  DeWolf.  475. 
Pennsylvania     Dutch,     Settlers     in 


<^)iiinli\ 

■    Faiiiilx". 

:'<. 

<,)iiiiili\ 

•  Hill.  ;.-, 

.  ii: 

i,'iiiiili\ 

■.   Saimicl 

.  T"i. 

•M  1 

INDEX 

Westoni  Kt-.^rrvc'.  '2'.). 
Perkins.  Heiirv   B..    i:!S.   ;!.-)ii.   :! 

499.  i,»iiiiiliv.   SanuK'l,  ::>.  ■•  W  .  Au:,.    I!);. 
Porkins  Ilomesteail.  rr.;s. 

Perkins,  Jacob  B..   Kio.   i:;s.  :isi.  I.'aili.iads,  i:!r. 

Perkins,  Joseph,  olo.  Uamlall.  David.  .■")14. 

Perkins,  Olive,  IIG.  Kansies  and  Towns,  'M',. 

Poj-kins,   Setli,  517.  ]?annev.  Rirfns  P.,  1(;4. 

Perkins.   Simon.  IvM.  lit").  :!!?.  .-ill.  liathlmin.  Andrew  .1..  :!;!(). 

Porkin>,  SinKUi.  llonic,   llC.  KatlilV   Faiiiilv.   I!)."). 

Peterson.  \V.  S..  Sc:,.  HatlilV,  \l.  W..   KKi.  •.".i:,.  :!:,!. 

Phalanx  Station.  4(ii;.  Ravenna.  •■|"i. 

Phel)is.  Alcher  L..  IS.").  Rawdon.  llm-ue.  li)4.- 

Physicians.  :]l'i.  Kaycn.  William.  l!i-">.  :;T-1.  :,•.'.-). 

Piano,  First  in  \\'aiTen.  lii:>.  iu'e\e.  l''Jienezer.  -"iR. 

Pierce,  Edward.  4:i(i.  Peeves.  Jolin.  -Ir..  4!M;. 

Pilgi-im  Fathers,  1.  I'l-eves.  Jolm.  '.Ul. 

Pioneer  Fnrnitnre.  d-l.  ReeM/s.  Le\\  is,  ■.'74. 

Pioneer  Life,  49.  (id.  I.'eevo.   Man.  111. 

Pioneer  AVomen,  Oeenpations  of,  07.  Reforuu'd  Church.  2S0. 

"Plan  of  Union,"  546.  Heli.i;ious  Oreanizations.  •3:!(1. 

Plvmonth  Companv,  7.  Rheinhold,  Franklin  P.,  ■.^')'.'.  -'-' 

Portage  ('(Uintv.  oS.  Rice,  ('.  AF..  -.V-'ri. 

Porter.  .Viigushis.  :.'7,   i,',!.  i;],,..    l-^phi-aiin.  4(i(i.  4(i7. 

Porter,  t'hauncev.  :i7(i.  Ri<c.    Fenehm.  17(i. 

Porter,  Sally,  437.  h'lce.    i;.  ('.,  li;s. 

Porter,  William  F.,  38-.',  .■>S7.  Riie.    U'lilu^.  .'i^^ii. 

Porter,  W.  X..  38-2.  U'ieliaids.  William.  .VM. 

Portugal,  4.  Ritc/.el.    Fi-ank  M..  Iii3.  3(;-.'. 

Postal   Facilities   in    Old   'i'l-undmll.  R'iiezcl.  William,  ::ii-.'.  MCo. 

121.  I!(iads.  Fust.  l-.'T. 

Postmasters  of  Warren.  Iv'ii.  K'uliliins.  (ieoi-ge  11..  3.M. 

Pi'esbvterian  Church,  ^lii.  iW;  ;   jla-  h'dliliin^.  Josiah.  ."ilHt.  r.dl. 

zetta,  411:  BrookHeld,  |-.'i;;   Hart-  R'.iljiTts.    Klias  F..  ITU.  .V>1. 

ford,   4S9:    Hulitiard,   .""id."):    Kiii>-  Ruhei'ts.  'i'liurzah  Andrews,  477 

man,    519;   Lilierty.    .")3-J :    M<'e(a.  Rolierls.   William.  47(i. 

o4S:  3Ies(iiintamia.  .")."').-):   Xewtim.  RimiI,   Hubert  L.,  331. 

r>i\-i :     Xilcs.     (ild:     Southington.  K'.iwe.   Favinia  Deanc.  lol.  -^-iCi, 

•"170;  A'ernon,   ."iSd  ;   A'ienna.   ■")97.  R'dwc.    Peter.  -VK;. 

Press,  The,  356.  R'osici-  of  Sdldim-s  in  Civd  Wai'. 

Price,  Cornelius,  505.  Ii'iissell.  .lacoii.  53. 

"Price's  Alills,"  557.  Riitau  l'"amilv.  433. 
Probate  Court,  14(i. 

Prospect  Street  School.  -294.  Saliiii.  T.  M..  331. 

Public  Lihrarv,  3S2.  Saekctt.  Lottie,  298. 

Puritans,  1.    '  Sager,  (iabriel,  429. 

Sager.  William,  428. 

<,)uigley.  Pobert,  (;d7.  Salt.  4(13. 

<,tuinby.  Ephraim,  73,  71,  Idl.   117.  Salt   Springs,  23,  25.  P27. 

242.  Salt  Springs  Murder,  15d. 


(ill1 


INDEX 


Salt   Springs  Tract,  13. 

Sant'ord.  Albe.  G09. 

Sattc'i-field.  James,  426. 

SchoonlVlil.  Charles,  528. 

Schools,  284:  Bazetta,  410:  Blnoin- 
field.  421;  Braceville,  404:  Bris- 
tol, 429  :  Brook-field,  426  :  Cham- 
pion,    438 ;     Fannington,     448 
Greene,  471,  473;  Gustavits.  480 
Hartford,    488;    Howland,    4'.)',) 
Hixbbard,     503,     504 ;    Johnston 
511 :  Kinsman,  521 ;  Liberty,  530 
Lordstown.     542 ;     ]Mecca,     547 
^lesopotamia,  555 ;  Xewton,  560 
Xiles,     607 ;     Southington,     569 
A'crnon.  587;  Vienna,  597:  War- 
ren, 30i;.  (122. 

School    Lands    of    Western    Itescrve. 
284. 

School  Superintendents,  ;501. 

Schoolhouses,  Pioneer,  66:  Old.  117. 

Scotch  Irish,  as  Settlers,  23. 

Scott.  James,  99.  109,  377.  539. 

Scott.  Walter,  265. 

Second  Christian  Chnreli,  283. 

Second  National  Bank.  351. 

Second  Ohio  Artiller}-.  205. 

Second  Eegiment  Cavalry,  204. 

Seely  Fami'lT,  494. 

Seely,  John'W.,  135,  318,  320,  334. 
394. 

Scelv.  S\lvanus,  320,  494. 

Settlers  and  Indians,  194. 

Settlers,  How  They  Came.  49,  60. 

Settlers  of  AVarren,  73. 

Seventh  OhioEeoimeut.  198. 

Sewcll,  :May  Wright,  417. 

Shaler,  Frederick,  397. 

Sheldon,  Fl)enezer,  57. 

Sliepard.  Tlieodore,  315. 

Shepard,  Warhani,  44. 

Sherilfs   of   Trundiull    County,   List 
of,  95. 

Sherwood,  Herbert  A..  331. 

Shoes,  When  Woi-ji  l>y  Women  Lio- 
neers.  (iO. 

Silliinan.  W'akeman,  453. 

Simpson.  Daniel  G.,  324. 

Singing  Schools,  629. 

Sii'rine.  Isaac,  463. 


Skinner,  James.  509. 

Sloan,  M.  J.,  186. 

Smiley,  William  H..  365. 

Smith.  Asenatha  Tracy,  554. 

Smith.  Charles,  101,  115,  138. 

Sndth,  Charles  W.,  162. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Charlotte,  256. 

Smith,  Edward  A.,  262. 

Smith,  Frederick  Kinsman,  327. 

Smith.  George  J.,  329. 

Smith,  Henry  W.,  101.  115. 

Smith,  James,  102. 

Smith,  John,  417. 

Smith,  Joseph,  183. 

Smith,  Justus,  101. 

Smith.  Martin,  580. 

Sniithfield  (Vernon),  576. 

Snyder,  George  W.,  185. 

Sodom,  523. 

Soldiers  Aid  Society,  206. 

Soldiers  of  Trumbull  County,   194. 

Southington  Township,  565. 

Southworth  House,  117. 

Southworth.  Silas,  117. 

Spatford.  Amos.  44. 

S])ain,  4. 

Spaulding.  Ihifus  P..  104. 

Spear,  I'M  ward.  102. 

Speai'.    Henry,  240. 

S])ear,  William  T.,  175. 

Spear,  :Mrs.  William  T..  299. 

Sperry,  Hezekiah,  551. 

S]>inning  and  AVeaving,  67. 

St.  Mary"s  Catholic  Chnrch.  278. 

St.  Pose  Catholic  Church.  536. 

St.  Stephen's  Catholic  Church,  611. 

Stage  Coaches.  128. 

State  Representatives,  615. 

State  Senators.  613. 

Su'vciis.  Horace,  111.  562. 

Stewart.  Homer  E.,  173. 

Stewart.  Thomas  H..  323. 

Stiles.    Ilenrv.  IIL 

Stiles.  Job.  2S.  40.  51. 

Stoddard,  Kicbard  :\r..  44. 

Stone.  Poswell.  ICK.  I!t2.  370. 

Stori'r,  Uichard,  73. 

"Stdw  Castle."  37.  4(1. 

Stow.  Joshua.  27,  30. 

Stowe.  Aaron.  404. 


INDEX 


ini 


Stowe,  Comfort,  403. 

Stowf,  Herve}-,  405. 

Streator,  Xaphtali.  480. 

Stiill,  James.  444. 

Stull,  John  M..  112.  2".  444. 

Subscription    List    for    First    Court 

House,  90. 
Sunday    Observance    in    Old    Truni- 

bull^  237. 
Superintendents  of  AVarren  Schools, 

307. 
Supreme     Judges     from     Trundjull 

County.  IGl. 
Sutherland,  Alexander,   12C>.   ')'>7. 
JSurvey  of  Western  Reserve,  13.  3."). 
Snrvevino;    Partv    of    179G,    27;    of 

1797,  44.         ' 
Sutliff,  Calvin  G.,  169. 
Sutliff,  Levi.  168. 
SutliiV,  Milton,  160,  385.  573. 
Sutliff,    Samuel,  582. 
Swanev,  Archibald  F.,  337. 
Swanev,  Charles  T.,  337. 
Swift, 'Zephaniah,  162,  369. 
S3'nimes,  Anna,  143. 
Symnies,  John  Cleves,  85,  143. 

Taft.  Frederick  L.,  403. 

Taft,  Harriet  Cleaveland,  403. 

Taft,  Xewton  A..  403. 

Taft,  Orin.  444. 

Taftsville,  444. 

Tait,  John,  541. 

'J'appan.  Benjamin,  55,  149,  194. 

Taverns,  Old,  128. 

Tayler.  A.  S.,  561. 

Tavler,  George,  350.  534. 

Tayler,  M.  B..  115.  135. 

TaVlor,  B.  J.,  386. 

Taylor,  Ezra  B.,  46,  130,  139,  143, 

i76,  190,  381. 
Telephone,  Inventor  of,  480. 
Thomas,  Charles  W.,  336. 
Thomas,  Warren,  184. 
Thomas,  W.  Aiibrev,  354. 
Thompson,  Albert  W.,  339. 
Thompson,  Jesse  E.,  339. 
Thompson.  Thomas,  591. 
Thompson.  W.  S.,  333. 
Thorne,  Henry,  538. 


Thorjie,  Joel  and  Wife,  55. 

Tidd,  C.  C.  335. 

Tod   Avenue  M.  E.  Church,  281. 

TimI   Avenue  School.  304. 

Tcid.   David.  115. 

Tod,  Georo-e,  97,  150,  195.  339, 
374,'  514". 

Tod,  Governor,  Home,  103. 

Tornado  in  Braceville,  406. 

Towne.  Benjamin,  105. 

Township  Histories,  401. 

Tracy,  Seth,  553. 

Tiansportation.  Pioneer,  (10. 

Tiansportation  Routes.  137. 

'i'riicsdcll.  James  J..  595. 

"■TruniliuH"  Canal  Boat,  13(i. 

Trumbull  Countv,  in  1609,  7  :  Art- 
ists of,  386  : "  How  SettlecL,  48 ; 
Xew  England  Influence,  6 ;  Offi- 
cials, 613;  Old,  Without  Law,  84 ; 
Original  Settlers,  33 ;  Organized, 
85;'  Soldiers  in  Civil  War.  307. 

Trumlndl  County -\gricultural  Fair, 
375. 

Tniiiihiill  ('iiiinhj  Democrat,  362. 

'J'nimhull  Countv  iledical  Associa- 
tion. 315. 

Trundiull    ('ouuty    Mcilical    Society, 

Tniiiilnill  Coiiiili/  Will;/.  3(11. 
Tniiiihiill  Dfmofrat,  oii:!. 
Ti'unibull  Family.  85. 
Trumlndl.  Jonathan,  85. 
Trumbull   Savings  and  Loan  Asso- 
ciation, 353. 
Tnniip  of  Fame,  The.  76,  356. 
Turn]iike  Roads,  139. 
Tuttle,  Georg-e  M.,  174.    . 
Tuttle.  William  E.,  185. 
Twelfth  Cavalry,  305. 
Twentieth  Regiment,  200. 
Twenty-Foiu'th  Regiment,  201. 
Twent}'- Third  Regiment,  201. 
Tylee, 'Samuel,  337,  501. 
T vice's  Corners,  501. 
Tvler,  Joel  B.,  198. 
Tvler.  Joel  W.,  168. 
Tyrrell,  Elijah,  453. 
T'vrrell  Hilj,  453. 


6i3 


INDEX 


T'nidii  National  Bank,  350. 
United  Bvethivn  Church,  Hartford. 

4!)-i  :  J.ordtitown,  543. 
Uniwrsali^t    Churcli,    ]\Io.su])otaniia, 

55li. 
T'psoii.   Daniel.  488. 
rpton.   (ie.irue  W..  181. 
I'liton.    Harriet  T.,  305.  6-21. 

A'an  (iorder.  .lames    L.,    105,    3TG, 

'M~,.  3T8. 
Van  (iorder  :Mill,  378. 
A'an  Gorder,  Sarah  H.,  137. 
A'arnmn,  James  M.,  85,  143. 
A\'rnou  Township.  572. 
Vienna,  589. 
Viets,  Luke,  570. 
"\'irainia  Charter,  4. 
Voit,  Lewis,  397. 

AVadsworth.  j^lijali,  131,  197,  194. 

Wakefield,  Kdwin,  461. 

Wakefield.  John,  462. 

AValdeek  Family,  399. 

Walker,  James,  436. 

AVallace,  William,  350. 

Walters,  Sophia,  538. 

Walworth,  John,  57. 

War  of  1812,  19o. 

"War  of  Counties,"  96. 

Ward,  Clarence  S.,  335. 

Ward.  J..  327. 

Warren  Aeademv.  286,  294. 

A\'arren,  Citv  Hall,  394;  Earlv  Set- 
tlers, 73; 'Fire  Department,  388; 
First  Sermon,  241;  First  School- 
houses,  385 ;  Map  of  Old  Houses, 
118;  Old  Homes,  99;  Postoffice. 
122;  Reminiscences  of,  621; 
Schools.  306;  Taxpayers  in  1804, 
84. 

Warren  Board  of  Education,  306. 

Warren  Debating  Society,  379. 

AVarren  Hif;h   School  Alumni.   307. 

Warren  Library  Association,  382. 

WaiTon  Public  Library,  382. 

Warren  Hrrord,  The,  364. 

Warren  Savings  Bank,  350. 

AVarren  School  Association,  286. 

AA^trren  Tribune,  The,  365. 


Warren  and  Youngstown,  Eivals  for 
( 'oiinty  Seat,  96. 

Warren, 'Moses,  37,  35.  44,  77. 

Warwood.  Mrs.  Angeline.  374. 

\\'aste,  Bazaleel,  462. 

Waters  Family,  477. 

Weathersfield  Township,  599. 

Webb,  Abner,  601. 

Webb,  Thomas  D.,  16,  88,  113,  155, 
162,  356,  370. 

AA'elsh  Families,  Hubbard,  506. 

AA'erner,  AV.  A.,'  328. 

AA^est  Farmington  Banks,  353. 

West,  Mrs.  Betsy,  627. 

AVestern  Eeserve,  Civil  Organization 
of,  142;  Disposal  of  Lands,  13; 
Original  Settlers,  23 ;  Purchasers 
of,  15:  Survey  of,  35;  Topogra- 
phy, 17;  AVithout  Law.  142. 

Western  Eeserve  Bank,  347. 

Wcstrrn  Reserve  Chronicle,  357. 

AVestern  Eeserve  Xational  Bank, 
351. 

Western  Eeserve  Seminary,  449, 

Western  Eeserve  Transcript,  361. 

AVheeler,  Allaert,  594. 

AA''heeler,  Simeon,  594. 

AVhiskey,  at  House-Eaisings,  463 ; 
Use  of  Amono-  Pioneers,  33,  73. 

AAHiite,  Charles,"l03. 

AVhite,  Dennis,  569. 

AAniittlesev.  Charles.  18. 

WhittleseV.  Elisha.  156. 

AA'ick.  AA'i'lliam  C.  239. 

AA'ilcox,  Eoxv,  299. 

AA'ilkins,  Charles  M.,  182. 

AVilliams,  C.  C,  324. 

AA^illiams,  D.  E.,  339. 

AVilliams.  M.  L.,  326. 

AVilliams,  AVilliara,  106. 

AVilldersou,  Henry,  564. 

AViug,  Joseph  K.,  417. 

AVilson,  AA'illiam,  526. 

AVolcott.  E.  P.,  443. 

Woleott,  Erastus,  443. 

Wolcott.  Florilla.  444. 

Woleott,  Josiah,  442. 

AVolcott,  Lewis,  441. 

AVolcott,  Theodore,  443. 

Wolf,  Jeremiah,  502. 


INDEX  G43 

Wnineu,    aud    Temperance,    33 ;    as      AVoodworth,  Elder.  -tGC. 

Colonizers,    1 ;    iu    Colonial    His-      Works,  Asa,  416. 

torv,   3;   as    Physicians,    316;   as      Wright,  L.  M.,  330. 

Pioneers,    61,    70;    at   the    Early      Wyoming  Valley,  9;  Massacre,  10. 

Fairs,  375 ;  on  Scliool  Board,  304. 
Wonders,  A.  E.,  185. 
Wood,  George  L.,  198. 
Woodford,  Sarins,  593. 
Woodford,  Isaac,  592. 
Woodrow,  Arthnr.  113. 

W Irow.  William  S..  373. 

WiHidniu-.  William.  434. 

W.i.Hlruir.  Charles,'48S. 

W.mmI-:.  Daniel  B.,  321,  558. 

Mdddward,  Leonard,  540.  Ziim  licformed  Church.  280. 


^' 

ink.>( 

s  as  Settlers.  2 

3. 

^' 

inket 

Settlers 

in 

Southington 

565. 

Y 

eomans,  Albci-t 

160 

.  203. 

^• 

rang 

John,  49 

■  ^ 

147. 

^' 

rang 

Ladies  Seminary,  285. 

^' 

rang 

-tofl'n,  50, 

98. 

0.^