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THE
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f
WAR AND ITS HEROES.
ILLUSTRATED
c4
A
9
i: 1 «■ H M ON Ds
AYRES <fc -WADE
L
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year v; ;- by
AYRES & WADE,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Confederate .States for the Eastern
District of Virginia.
r*
j
\
PREFACE
The Publishers, with much diffidence, present to the public the first volume
of "The WAR am' its Heroes." They would not, however, appear t"
nii'v the imperfections of the work l-\ begging the indulgence of its rea
The circumstances under which it 18 issued at this time arc patent to all who
have lived in our mi'lst through even the last six months of the great stl
of which it is in part commemorative. That the work is incomplete is
which requires no apology, the struggle itself being incomplete. That i*
not appear in the flashing garb of enameled paper, and blue and gold, is au
' which anticipates excuse. The Publishers base their confidence
kind reception on the merit of accuracy, and they give it to the cunt-;
I in which the reader may find pleasure, and from which the historian may
gather information with assurance of its truth. The series will f four
or mot b of which will be issued in
mit. The engravii been executed with I skill,
and arc tak< a : iphs obtained by the Publisl
The bi • which accompany them, are made up I
- and ptivai
is one which has long been held in • and at an early period
I, with a view I
The interna i< upon the state
■ ■
await • on of all tl arrai which had been made, the pttb-
lld Mill bode' ml months, but we |
^vith tl - " with the <arly birds of the
appear in a ^arb less inviting than our own tut would d< sire. Th< ?uc •• iing
volumes Will <■■
■
INTHOIH'CTION.
We B k • u vain how many
of those whose immortalit; fruiti id i'i the toach of death will have taken
their pi* - in the balls i f the Eternal ere the concluding volumes of our work
thr world. Hope, with i-- gi lden veil, bides from as all save the
Future. Bui we have .seen the Past, and are familiar with its
'•. ': ■ That oourage which defends, that
ioh dares, that fire of soul which barns a path of fury through a
sea oi ■ ami recorded over their unnumbered graves and glisten in the
memorial Light of their tattered flags, [n this Revolution all arc hen
leader is nut only a representative, but an imj i. His heart is tic
of the Army. The sympathy is sublime — it than love — it is
ration 1 That vast and terrible aggregation of armed men' which
suddenly leaped from the bosom of the Smth. early in the Spring of L861, was
no pulseless, cold and mere obedient machine. Lts linn and jugular tread, as
it massed on the bristling bord tl (forth, or moved in stately columns
■long thi shadowless v Jl - ■• lown by the Bounding sea," was not the step of a
"stauding army." That monstrous accumulation of human puppets tell to the
fortune of the enemy. The animus of independence gathered its propelling
force in every breast of the great uprising mass of Southern patriots, and n at
momentum, forward, everywhere, to the held of danger.
There was no impediment in space — no quiver in the speeding nerve. They
shot from point to point like oomete ug along the surface of the earth.
Thi will be known in the future as the Bpirit of '61.
ime Sumter, and Bethel, and Manassas. The tufted green of patri-
archal .it had peacefully nodded in the winds of eighty summers ; the
slopes • verdure on whose cushioned surface had shone for many a year
the starry tracks of I ver which the bee and fairy butterfly swam, in
innyair; the weird and perfumed thicket, and the dell, mossy
and sha< • • ■, :. | jeclud I: and the innumerabl fields of laughing j'rain: and
the ha l romanc ,canis — threw oil' their sweet
:. .I ; .- atmospheiv ,,\' War. Peace,
that lo . in haloes lie flashing, um n rimso! f our hero-
. in the music id' the sea and stayed the crash of
t impending conflict; Peace, thai ulvcjry way along the eve of
I, in th dawn A star had fallen,
:'. It fell an j - of the past. The
iter rolled away, grim with death, but bright with triumph
INTRODUCTION. v
to Southern arms. Then a year of disaster came and red Ires lit up the horizon
The lurid gleam shone horrible with visions of dismay, distress and shame, an<l
the pain went home to myriads of Southern hearts. Anothi I ind with
victories, terrible in carnage, swept in full-orbed glory by. We torn from the
threshold of the fourth to look back through the vipta of fire, and view, amidst
■red scenery, the features of the dead !
Animate in death, in battle front, gory on breast and cheek and arm. and
palled in the smoke of the first Manassas, Bee and Barton lie. Upon the
blooming prairies of Kentucky another battle "ridea upon the storm/' and I
noble Zollicofi eh falls expiring under the very gaze of the exultant foe. Still
deeper on the distance of the West, under a storm ol li id, brave men, ming
with their allied brothers of the forest, lfiourn over M< Ci i w>CH and M< i • i -if.
whose priceless Mood the thirsty sod drink- in beneath th ir feet. At Bhiloh
a martyr falls. In the mountainous wilds of Northern the Asn
sublime in deeds, almost invulnerable, pour out their life. The yon;.- and
chivalrous Wise i on the treaeheron
'•other choice" of heroes — death — and dies in triumph, though a capt
the brave and bliTllaut Latane falls in the deadly fray that illumii
arms - men in the charge at I !
Hut wept by the very stars of Heaven, that trembled as they looked upon
idnight flashes in the Wilderness, the bleeding form oi
of the Soutl ail Jackson, meets, with it- drapery ol
wandering L'a/' — on whicha country calls in vain and will n
-for
" ?hn rfiiiPTnlpf-rs thpp »* one
I r Poet's '; -
}]( t inarMe wrought, hrr D
- tbpp hor babe's first lippi-
For thins h<r evenii |
At paid' ■'• couch and COttagC I *
Hf-r soldh r, I ioginp with
thy sake a • -
Ilia j>lig:htp'] maiden, when »1 i
ITS,
kl of tby fate ■■•
The scne end.- n .f*V
'I
ting
South.
I
and in
h it seems not m their nal
yet tr ?«eed.
C O NT E N T s .
rnucl Cooper 17
General Robert Edward Lee 21
Lieutenant-General Thomas Jon kaon _'7
Major John Singleton Moabj 35
Major-General Wade Bampton 43
Major- •< Woodson Smith ;:
ral .lames Longstreet 50
Lieutenant- General Ambrose Powell Hill 54
ral Richard S. Ewell 56
Major John Pelham SO
General Jo. -ton Johnston 87
Brigadier-General James 11. Lane "<
nant- General John C. Pemberton 76
Commodore . Bolliaa M
ral John B. Hood
Major-General T. C. Hiudman
'ii-neral Martin Luihcr Smith •
r
d
GENERAL SAMl'KI. ('(lOl'KR.
GENERAL SAMUEL COOPER.
The world has Been but one Caesar ami one Napoleon, nor is it probable that
it will tee another of either for ten centurito to come. Jfet, when armies are
already organized, and provided with all the weapon* and munitions of war,
there will always be found generals to lead them with, at 1< ble ability.
To originate armies out of the mass of a population unused to the ■tern disci-
of the camp — to create the munitions of war out of literally nothing — to
form soldieR i population brave indeed, but undisciplined and impatient
traint — this is a tn>k. quite as difficult as to lead them to victory after thej
have b( tnized. The mind that accomplishes this is, at least as rare
as the mind that conceived the battle ol Pharealia, or that planned th
throw of the Russians and Austriana at Austerlitz.
d tlii- [acuity in a high degree, and 10 does the illustrious
• i- the purpose of this sketch to illustrate. It is
to remark, thai the task accomplished by Caroot was much easier than
that accomplished by General Cooper. The former bad an army of 150,000
which had been employed by the King, and which had al
<\<r to the K publ in with. This body afforded ■ nucleus around
which the new levies might be formed into an army, and many of 1
■f it- ranks The latt* r ha 1 do a Ivanl
liged to create all — army, artillery, small arm-, bora* -. the
_■ the men, every thing in fact — for w<
had neither money to buy, the proj
it we had had it To the ama to 1
profoundly il army a
I •
•
: than t<> all i»th<T ;. mhim 1.
•
J
I atudy *
il I
Jit arttlK :
i • in 1 v 1 7. an .
■ -
j the same year, of I ry, and, in
lg THE WAR AND ITS HEKi I
lit] Ii. 182B, hi i • came aide-de-camp to '"icneral Macomb, aud con-
tinued to serve in that capacity until 1880. In 1881, he was appointed captain,
I.}- brevet, " for faithful service ten yean in mm grade." In ls.".»'>, he beeaeM i
full captain. In 1^17, he was made brevet major of the staff (assistant adjutaaft-
. and, in 1848, brevet colonel of the staff, "for meritorious conduct,''
particularly in the perfortnano of his duties in the prosecution of the Mexican
war. Ii 1852, General Cooper, whose peculiar talent had become widely known
. nny and the public, was appointed sdjutant-general of the United v
Into that <>fli<< , he was brought directly and continually into contact with the
ent of the Confederate States, when Secretary of War to the
Doubtless President Davis soon dneovered his extraordinary
qualifications for that office, if he wai ignorant of them before. The
quenees were moist beneficial to the country. Genera] Cooper, whose political
principh w had long been well known, resigned his office three days after the
inauguration of Lincoln (7th March, 1861 He immediately offered his ser>
President Davis, and, on the 16th of March, was appointed Adjutant-
Genera] of the Confeder. Stal !' und a Herculean task before him.
An army was to be created, furnished with every thing, and taught to fight.
My he has accompli. -bed his task let the noble army now in the field and
the proud military attitude of the country testify.
General Cooper is the compiler of a work on tactics, designed for the use
( f ti • militia of the United States. It is highly spoken of by those who are
acquainted with the subject of which it treats. He is the highest in rank of
all our gent
GENERAL UOBKRT EDWARD LEE
GENERAL ROBERT EDWARD LEE.
The achievement* of this distinguished officer form the most renui
chapter, Dot « > 1 1 1 y in the history of the pi gantte war, but, in acse
■-. in the entire annals of war. To detail them minutely would fill a
volume even larger than this, and we, therefore, leave this agreeable task to the
future historian. In the halcyon 'lavs, which we opine are not far d
the student of history will delight to dwell upon them. lelight
to find rescued from oblivion any little circumstance of early youth in which
Napoleon or Washington was concerned.
Kobert Bdward Lee is n member of the old historical family of Westmoi
Lees He is th«' youngest son, by a second marriagi eral Hear]
known to history by bis wubriqwtof "Light Eforse Harry." the friend
afidant of Washington, and the author of one of the most pleasant his-
irritten by ■ Virginian. He waa horn at Stratford, in Westmoreland
county, in 1806, in the same house and in tl basher iti irhiei l'ichard
Lcc and Fraecti Ligl Inde*
]•« nd< re born.
H. entered West 1' iat, as a cadet from 1 : , in 1825 < »n the
frst day of his . nV took the load <.f I it utitil he
graduated in 1829, having ri< \ . r been marked with i d
to a reprimand, or received any otheT - punishm< luring
the wh"le i leno Saving graduated at
■ 1 for si rvice in tb< whieli
wm ahrayi filli ■] Ana the r.-mk^ 1 1 the I
Mw field of duty in July, 1829, wit] We
I him until 1 v--r'. wh. ■ 1
for fixing the boundary I'm. (I e fir»t
in July, 1 v ■>. In 1-
In 1 847, 1
ratted inxj'-r, fbr "gallant
Gtordo, tought April lMh. 1 v47 11- i -.rond br' '■ .'sllntit and
luct" in the bat aid Ohm 1 van tov
lieuten 1 by brci battle
•
appoint
h.I)«.w ; 1 .
22 THE WAR AND ITS HHif
famous regiment of cavalry of which Albert Sydney Johnston was colonel, and
as- such highly distinguishing hi issr If in the desperata tight with the Indians on
the prairies of Texas, which create! so much exoitomenl at the time. Nor do
we know how he came to he at Washington at the time of John Urown's ■tleafi
at insurrection ; bat we do hmn that he wm scut bj President Buchanan, with
a body of mtifaatSi to osptare that outlaw, and that he did it.
Bstth is a brief outline of the services rendered to the old United Stat
Robert K. Lee during the long period ol thirty years.
In the old army he was believed by all officers, almost without exception to
many degrees, the most accomplished soldier in the whole army. His
superiority, indeed, was bo incontestable, that it excited no jealousy whatever
in any quarter. When his reputation had Itch somewhat impaired tor the
time, by bis campaign in Western Virginia) a distinguished officer, now in the
of Virginia, but heretofore for many years an officer in the old army
of the United States, observed that injustice was done to General Lee —
. . D the old army, each officer perfectly understood the calibre of every
other — that Lee was, by t lie acknowledgment of all, the tir.-t man in the ser-
vice— and that, if an opportunity were afforded him, he would prove what he
wjs, in a way that would .-ileuee scepticism forever. The opinion entertained
of him by General Scott is well known. "Lee," said that vain and self-suffi-
cient old coxcomb, '• is the greatest military genius in America, myself not
excepted." He might reiy well say so, if it be true, as has often been said, that
to the genius of Lee he owed the laurels he had reaped in Mexico. Whether
this anecdote, however, lie true or false, it is well kuown that he regretted the
Joss of Lee mure than that of all the other officers, when Lee determined to
stand by the land that gave him birth, and that be made the most strenuous
efforts to retain him. lie might Sfl well have attempted U) roll back the earth
i.'i its daily revolution upon it axis. General Lee is the most thorough of si]
ians. Virginian in sentiment and feeling, hia father's boh could Boarcely
being; but he u more thoroughly Virginian than could be expected even
from a person born and connected like himself. So intense is this feeling, that
i been heard to say, even since his wonderful successes have placed him
3': the very head Oi his Age, that he had but one ambition, and that was to be
mor of Virginia. It was, therefore, as certain as any future event could
it as soon as Virginia seceded, he would go along with her. She did
in April, lsr,]? and, a few days after, her Convention appointed him
Oawnundat in-Chief of her forces. He arrived in Richmond about the 25th
of April, having sent in his resignation of his commission in the old army some
time before.
General Lee immediately entered upon the duties of his office. It may be
presumed that they were of the most arduous character ; but difficulties disap-
I beneath his fingers, as though they had been dissolved by magic. He
Lad an army to organize and drill, the materials of war to create almost out of
nothing, the troops to arm, clothe and feed, after they had been collected, aud
THE WAR AND IT>S HERO 23
all the duties of a minister of war to discharge, in ad lition to his more imme-
diate duties of General-in-Chief. It is impossible, for the want of materials, to
furnish an account of his administration between the time of entering upon his
office and that of turning the army of Virginia over to the I loofcdoiMjjr. When
the difficulties with which he was surrounded are token into consideration, we
feel convinced that his .services will bear a comparison with those of Can
an)- other war minister that ever existed. When President Davit made oil
appointments of generals, he was the third on the list; General Cooper being
first and General .Sydney Johnston second. The appointments were made with
reference to the rank held by each officer in the old army.
After the defeat and death of General Garnett, General Lee was appointed
by President Davis to take command of our forces in Western Virginia. In the
early part of August he repaired to his command, carrying with him reinforce*
ments enough to swell his force to 16,000 men. On the thort campaign which
ensued it is nol our purpose to dwell. It is well known to have (ailed, wh< thi I
through any fault of the General it is impossible, among conflicting statements,
to decide. The hopes of the people were very high when he took eommaad,
and their confidence in his skill unbounded. When, therefore, the campaign
rt mite 1 in a failure, there was no measure to the indignation of the country.
President Davis, however, who is himself a military man, ami had the who]..
(act* in hit D, formed a very different opinion of the ease from any that
10 formed by those who knew nothing but what had b. •
the newspapers. Tie acquitted General Lee thoroughly, and that acquittal must
I at the time, howeror, by the
people. General Lee's militar tion f-'ll immeasurably, a
the most popular generals in the senrii lly unpopular. II;.-
of the lolly and injustaoe
of ju'l_ man by the standard of popular s] i Had h< i
li .1 him ol • a li.it he really was, he would
down to p r, entirely unequal
even i
Lmm lial this nnsua ■ s»ful : Lec
was appoint I I mmaad in tM mil '
1 he vu it it in prat tios
in fortifying .■ and harbor of Charleston 1! I I
Having accomplished th hmond. It wa*
loon after thii thai our
Their effect upon the country was depressing in th-' sxtroai
that tim. i, pawed a joint r- - ■bit' <n ■•
mander-in-Chief Wh< ther th
know, but ha -i-o.ms of hi« own accord t«> ha General Los in a po*itioo
almost at ; in one wl. him, in fact, the larpr t the
1 and direction of t! • • adviee tl
24 THE WAR AM' - 0E9.
ntration was adopt only one that could enable our
in)', ri- «r I Dt4 n<i successfully with the huge levies of the Yank'
We doh come t>> tin- rea/ comtneneemeol of General Lee's career, a career so
brilliant as to establish his claim t'> be reckoned among the greatest captains
that have risen in the world. The army "!' McClellan was around Richmond.
It had been, at the commencement of the Peninsula campaign, 1 1 *. ^ . i m k > strong.
It had Buffered several) in battle, and more Bert rely still from dia Mbe. Still it
numbered, according to the best estimate we have been able to make, at least
180,000 men. General Johnston lia<l gained a great victory at Beren I
but the country was deprived ol his seftices at this critical juncture by the
wound which he had received in that battle. President Davis believed
that nobody could so well supply his place a< General Lee, and he was accord-
rdertid to take the command. He did so on the 1st of June. He saw, at
a glance, that the siege of Richmond could not be raised without beating the
. aemy out of the formidable works in which they had entrenched themselves,
and he immediately set about devising the means to accomplish it. How it was
d we lcav«- the future historian to describe. It suffices Our purpose t" chron-
icle the result. In the course of one week. General Lee, by a Beries 64 combi-
- unsurpassed ha the history of war, had succeeded in beating the enemy
out of a succession of fortifications of the most formidable character, had driven
him from around Richmond, tO B place thirty miles belQW, and had relieved all
fear- for the safety of the capital. That he did not completely destroy the
enemy was no fault of his.
Genera] Lee is the most successful general of the age. His exploits are bril-
liant almost beyond example. When we say this of a man who commands an
immense army, it is supererogatory to say anything of bis talent-. Nothing but
genius of the highest order can conceive the combinations necessary to insure
the uninterrupted success ,,\' so large a host, over an enemy greatly superior in
force, In all departments of science his acquirements are great, and has besides
an Uncommon Block of general information. His judgment is as c|iiick as his
military glance, and it rarely deceives. Withal he i> one of the most unpre-
tending men in the world — a thorough gentleman in his manners — very affable
to all Who approach him — and extremely amiable in private life. He is about
five feet ten inches high, was eminently handsome in his youth, is still one of
the finest looking men in the army, tides like a knight of the old crusading
. it in b fatigable in business, and hears fatigue like a man of iron.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON.
LIEUT. GEN. THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON.
Thomas Jonathan Jackson was born January 21, 1824, in Clarksburg, Har-
rison county, Virginia. His great grandfather, an Englishman by birth, emi-
grated to the we.-tern portion of Virginia; nnil Ivlward Jackson, grandfather
of the general, ires surveyor of Lewis county for a long time, representing it in
the Legislature. His son, Jonathan Jackson, father of the general, moved to
Clarksburg, where he studied and commenced the practice of law with his
cousin, John G. Jackson, acquiring considerable reputation, and marrying M ■
V il. a daughter of Thomas Neal, of Wood county. He, however, beeaaae
embarrassed in his circumstances by going security for friends, and all his
property was eventually swept away. When he died, in 1v_'7. bis children
were left penniless. These childien were four in number — two sons and two
daughter Thomas, the subject of this sketch, being the younge.-t, an-1 at the
time but three years old.
The child was thus left apofl the very threshold "f Uf< to learn th>
lesson of poverty, lint this lesson, thus early learned, bote ample fruil
soil SO rich and auspicious to the Inez growth of the human soul. The
man was taught from the tUMneeauenl "t ike up
by honest toil fur the Deglecl of fortune, and, instead of frittering away 1
and faculties in the haunt* of pi a^iire «.r the frivolous pursuits •
rally, tip turn hi > to tlie more ennobling nil I
for t! in which be v me.
- the death of hii parents he was tik> d to tin home of an uncle in
Lewis • il recaained al thai pen imily hon
sons, in which his father h el b< I D born — until lo r ach< 1 tl
Here he labored on the farm in Human i in the
winter. the rudiments of a plain English 'duration — what hi
iubs( qnently was due to si and hi* ultimate studies at the
Virginia Military Insl N wid
to have been grave ami serious— hi « di- nscientiou* and
complet. ||r - unels in the maoagemerr 'inn. are! noon
■
Kgencc and probity His . athy am
"ho knew and
- fliruggle to enrrc out his ovr
) dependence. A proof of this friendly
Ojg THE WAS AND ITS BKR01
pethy is contained in the fact that, at the age of s!xtcrn} he wu elected
constable of th- county of Lewis, the duti< - of which office he discharged with
intell p 1 credit.
inclinations of the young man Mem, however, to have pointed oat early
towards arms as a profession. Some hereditary instinct of his family for war
probably developed itself in the grave and serious youth — bul t<> those irho
believe, as we do, that a mightier hand than man's Bhapes all human events,
this early inclination will appear to have been the means of fitting him f<>r tin-
grand part he was eventually to have in the assertion of Southern liberties It
is certain that young Jackson found himself impelled toward a milttarj career,
and at tin- an n he sit out for Washington, on f *• •« »r , to Becure, if
possible, an appointment as oadet at West Point. This he was enabled to-do
through the instrumentality of Borne political friends), and he entered upon his
Studies there in 1 s42.
In July, l*4(i, at the age of twenty-two, he graduated with distinction, was
brevetted second lieutenant, and immediately ordered bo report for duty in
Mexico, under General Taylor, lie served under that commander until General
Sedtt tonk the field, when lie w.i- transferred to the command of the latter.
Hi- military career was distinguished and his promotion rapid. In August,
lv17. In- was made first lieutenant in Magruder's battery; brevetted captain lor
"gallant and meritorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and Cherobus
August L'(,th, 1847, (August, 1848,) and brevetted major "for gallant and
meritorious conduct in the hattlc of Chcpultepcc," September 1-lth, 1.17.
(March, 1840.) No other officer had so distinguished himself ami risen 00
rapidly as the young Virginian. The unknown youth had. in this brief space
of time, attracted the attention of his generals, and become one of the most
promising young officers of the army.
Tin- oltmste of the country had, however, told powerfully upon a frame at no
time Verj robust. His health became so impaired that he was unahle to dw-
cbarge his duties, and, with the high souse of honor which marked hischarat
ho, ou the conclusion of peace, resigned his commission, | February 29th, 1852. i
Returning to Virginia, lie obtained a professorship in the Virginis Military
Institute, and continued in the performance of the important duties ot this
position until the breaking OUt Of the present war. Soon after entering upon
his duties at the Military Institute, he married Miss Junkin, daughter of the
Kcv. Dr. Junkie, principal of the Washington College. This lady and her
children died, and he was afterwards married to Miss Morrison, of North Caro-
lina— his only living child, a daughter, horn shortly before hi- death, being the
sole issue of this marriage.
It is said that, while in Mexico, 8 hattery ol the enemy was pouring a storiu
of shot and -hell down a road, along which he wished his men to advance.
They remained under cover, out of the fire, shaken in nerve and fearing to
venture forth. This was excessively distasteful and mortifying to their young
commander, and, leaving them, he advauced to the road, and calmly walked up
THE WAS AND ITS HERO! - 29
and down among the plunging shot and shell, calling out, coolly, "Oosne nn —
this is nothing — you see they can't hurt me!"
It will thus be seen that, cither from native COUflgge or that sentiment of
predestination alluded to, young Jackson had already acquired the dauntless
nerve and coolnesB which afterwards rendered him so famous.
The penetrating eyes .>!' Napoleon, had he seen that youth calmly walking
amid tho heavy lire of the enemy's artillery, and declaring coolly that it "could
not hurt him,"' would have discerned much in his fan- — would have undi
that this yeung man would "ge far."
The first position, we believe, held by General Jackson, after the ^cession
of Virginia, was that of commandant of the camp of instruction at the Fair
Grounds, in Richmond. He, however, did not remain long in this position.
Having received the first colonel's commission issued by the • r her
>u, he was ordered to a point where he would be of mors use to the cause
in which we were about to <-n_ -• Accordingly, "n the 3d of M ly, 1861, he
took command at Harpers Ferry, and continued in that position until tl
of May, when be loss relieved by General Joseph E.Johnston. Jackson was
then assigned to the command of the infantry of the army of the Shenandoah.
General Johnston, after taking coum ad, assigned to Colonel •'
important duty of checking the Yankee General Patterson in 1"- That
duty v..- performed to the entin il Johnston arid the
In his official report of the battle "!' Man
said :
•• < »:i the 2d of July, General Patt< rson again cross* 1 thi
rouant to instruct re him [a rel
him a - in the affaii at Palling Watem. With a battalion of the
5th A imeot 1 i
Itilfully taking a position
of hi- them for i
•
■
1, and
I'.ut it w.
tion whir], iced bin . n th^
At the 1 i hi.*
. -
mas L I're-t
Harper; the 27th Virginia, Lieutenant-* olunel Echols, and the 8M Virginia,
30 TBB WAR AND ITS BE1U :
I mm! Cmniag; numbering in all 2,611 of th< I d of the
Valley of Virginia.
BOW in: GOT Tin: namk Of " STONIWALL."
Twafl ;it the first battle of MuiMU, when the Southern leaders "saw with
impressible anguish the exhaustion of the troops, the waning fortunes of the (lay,
and the countless reserves which the enemy hurled incessantly upon their thin
and weary lints AnODg these was the heroic Qenenl Bee, in command of the
4th Alabama and some Mississippians, who wen Dearly worn ont by the terrible
ordeal through which they had passed. Bee rode up and down the lines, cheei-
injr on the men, and beseeching them, by all they held dear, not to give way,
when he met Jaokson, and said, in the bitter despair of his heart, " Gfeneral,
th> i/ an h.atnfj us back!" The face of the stern, silent soldier betrayed no
answering emotion. The keen eye glittered for an instant; the lips opened;
and in the curt, peculiar tones of the speaker he said, " Sir, ic> will give //fin
tlt> bayonet!" Bee seemed to gather new inspiration from theWOfds; he gal-
loped back to the remnants of his command, and, fronting to Jackson, called
out to his men, u Thru is JacJeaon standing like <> ttonewaUl Let us determine
todu here, amd vm will conquer, FoUowmet" * * *
At Manassas, "the country had gained a splendid victory against enormotu
odds ; and, although he did not then know it, Jackson had gained n name with
which he is furcver inseparably identified. When the hemic Bee exclaimed,
"There is Jackson standing Kke a stonewall" he unconsciously employed a
term which thenceforth clung to Jackson more closely than his baptismal appel-
lation. From that hot day of battle, the leader of the men of the Valley was
known as "Stonewall Jackson" — his command as the "Stonewall Brigade."
Many are ignorant and few recall the fact, that the great soldier was christened
"Thomas Jonathan." His veritable christening in the popular heart was on
that evening of Manassas, when Bee, about to surrender his great soul to his
Maker, baptized him, amid blood and fire, "Stonewall jACKSOtr!"
On Saturday, the 22d of April, General Jackson rapidly moved his little
army from cam]' near Mount Jackson back to ('edar Creek, twenty-six miles, in
one day, and camped there that night, making his headquarters in Strasburg,
which was evacuated by the enemy the day before. Early the next morning
(Sunday) he again moved forward, and his artillery opened on the enemy,
near Kernstown, about twelve o'clock. An artillery duel was kept up until
about four o'clock in the afternoon, when the. enemy's infantry advanced in
force, and were met heroically by Jackson's brave little band. Three times the
" stars aud stripes " fell, and three times did our gallant troops drive the enemy
headlong to the hill. The first brigade (the " Stonewall ") finally came up,
and again a fresh column of the enemy was driven back, leaving the side of the
hill black with their dead.
No battle has been fought during the war against such odds and under
euch trying circumstances. "With a force not exceeding 3,500 men — men who
THE WAR AND ITS HEROIft ^1
had been on forced marches for weeks, the ranks thinned by the process of
re-organization in front of the enemy — Jackson attacked 20,000 fresh troops,
repulsed them again and again, and so crippled the dastardly foe that he darrd
not, with all his numbers, follow him in his retreat. Notwithstanding the «.'T»a*t
disparity in their forces, the enemy themselves could claim nothing mere thaa
a " drawn battlt ."
We next hear of the untiring hero at Swift. Run Gap, occupying .1 b<
position, with daily skirmishes with the enemy. lie remained in thh ]
a short time, and then fell back to Staunton. Tu the meantime, the enemy had
fallen hack down the Valley fur the purpose of uniting the commands of Mc-
Dowell, Banks and Fremont Immediately after thi>- movement on the pari of
the enemy, Jackson, with his force-, on the 7th of May, 1861, left Staunton,
and on tin evening of the same day the rear-guard of his army encamped four
miles west of Buffalo dan. fourteen miles from Staunton. GreoetaJ Johnston's
forces had advanced to Shenandoah Mountain, in pursuit of Millroy, who was
falling hack before the united forces of Jackson and Johnston. Millroy i^ "-aid
to have had about 8,000 effective men.
(hi Thursday, the 8th, a bloody fig'h t took place between Jaekl • « and
the enemy under (lencral Millroy, at Sutliugton Hill, near McDowell. After
four hours' righting, the enemy were completely routed and driven from all
points 'Jeucral Jackson thus briefly and gracefully announced his
V /
•>th.
To General S. OOOPI R :
nor anna with victory al McDowell yesterd
T J Jack*
Major-*.* Dtr&).
to re-inforee Millroy the day the I u
did not arrive in time. Jackson captured in this fight one liundred }*>xi*
of ammunition, five hundred rifles and Minie m
dry saddles, and nearly two hundred bead of cattle, whi
stolen from th< cidnens living in the vicinity, 1
of the enemy was BUppo ahoul 1. •'■'
i the 6ght, the 1 M army w.-k. re-ii roowt
ami w. hear nothing mort from "\ir gallant hero until th( I r,
whi' h WU aiii,
w I
During th< last tht "h bnlliint m/coWM.
(>n Friday, tht and owe section of
lcry, in addition to many priffMsa, cspturfd i »n Saturday, IfanW un
column, whilst retreating from Sir. Winehe*t.er. was pierced : t>,/> r**»r
part retreating towar On Sunday, the other part was routed at
TBI V.'A t A LOBS
-. Brigadier-Genera] George II. Stuart was pursuing
them with cavalry and artillery, and capturing many. A large amount of
rdnance and other stores have fallen into our kai
T. J. Jackson.
After hia defeat, Banks, with the remnant of his army, fled across the Poto-
oaptured at Martinsburg were immense. The result "f this
was the* annihilation of an army fir 12,000 to 15,000, the capture of an
lyisions, small arms, ordnai .-tore-, horses, wagons and camp
equipage almost incredible, and the destruction of the Baltimore and Ohio road,
main artery which connects the Yankee capital with the West ! .lack-on
i lid fine rifles, two thousand muskets, six hundred Backs of salt,
■ hundred wagons, many horses, twelve pieces of artillery, - three being rifled
510 'J11111 worth of medicines, hospital sti i ry imaginable
: — splints, amputating instruments, chloroform*, oi -. dried fruits,
fresh oheese, every luxury a sick man could desire, and clothes without limit.
nel Ashby, hearing of many Yankee Butlers who hail recently set up their
shops in t lie country, Beized them and loaded two hundred wagons with the
ler. A portion of the captured -tores had to ho destroyed in our retreat,
but all the l'ums and medioinsj were saved.
pal Jackson followed Banks in his retreat, striking a blow wh<
:tunit\ offered, until he reached the Potomac. He then turned to meet
the combined forces of the enemy under Fremont, Shields ami Mix, who were
ring to get in his rear. He fell hack this side of Winchester, making
•nl at Port Republic, in Rockingham county, a short distance this side of
;i river.
Sunday morning, the 8th oi dune, 1862, the enem\ crossed the river in two
columns, and made an attack — Fremont being pitted against Ewcll, ami Shields
• Jacksdh. Altera Bhort conflict, Freemont was completely routed and
botiv pursued by Ewell, while Jaokaon held Shield- in cheek, aid was pressing
him againsl the Shenandoah. The following characteristic dispatch was received
from Jackson announcing the viol
KlJLl POBT REPUBLIC, &th,
Via Staunton, J 1862.
: Coopxr, Adjutant-General :
Through God's blessing, the eneni} near Port Republic was this day
routed, with the loss of BIZ piece- of hi- artillery.
| Signed] T. J. Jackson,
Major-Gsneral Commanding.
The old hero, after giving the astute Yankee generajs a Bevere lesson in the
art oi' war, left them fortifying against his advance, and proceeded with bis
victorious, army in a different direction. We hear nothing more from him until
the ball opens in front of Richmond. At the battle of tlaines' Mill — in the
darkest hour and moment — at that period in the day's fight when the enemy
Tin-: WAB AND ITS HEROES. 33
ha<l almost succeeded in flanking us on the left — great consternation is li< .
in tlir w la ! Volley npon volley is heard in rapid n, which i- at i
recognised and cheered by our men. '• [( rat, "on our
right!" STes, two or three brigades of Jackson's army had flanked 1 1 1 « - enemy,
and were getting in his rear. Jackson had moved fast, and wag now eradeav<
ing to head the retreating foe. Jus! as th" sun was about to sink in the 'West —
just as th'' la>t volleys are Indistinctly heard in the enemy's rear — a
arrives, announcing that, "through the Providence bf God," Jackson^had fallen
upon the retreating column, broken it, and captured three hundred prison
Th • battle was won, and the exhau-* . who had remained to strike I
finishing blow, wrap their martial cloak around them, and quietly sleep ypou.
the field of battle.
';il can fully prepared biographii Jackson havii j
been publish) of which — 51 ire indebted for much
tained in this brief sketch,) we de< i '■> ui into furtl
details, and, therefore, come to the closing chapter in the life of tl •iod
good man.
Tt was at the battle of Chanccll r the 28th nf April, 1863, after the
confliet was over, when Jackson himself had said "the danger is all over, the
enemy :." and he had given the order for A 1'. Hill - on,"
that the chieftain turned from the front, and, accompanied
back, in a trot, toward his own men. ly in the darkoefl it WW now
nine or ten i M — the little bod; or
dry charging, and the i ;'t and left of die road
fired i ettdoen volley into them with the most 'a»n
Beswell, of General •! I borne into our lines by hi*
hone; Colonel Crutchfield, chief of ; two Cn1i'
wire killed. General •' ball in hi* left are
below the shoulder- joint, shattering the 1 me and sei ring the chief art
i through ■ " w and wrial
exit thi
hand, ft] fr"
from his horse, and a All
my wounds are by my own n
The flring wai ir--
II, wai 1 1 • ■ t hack in
. and hi
th-' n ir. amid a heavy fire from I
down, and tl
OOOttfcW n. adding t . the injury of the arm and
ral Jack*
fiv.
to the f, M Hun If. ?
,;} THE WAR AN'D ITS BBROK.
at one tine told Pr. BfoGuire he thought he was dying, and would have bled to
death, bat a tovniqnet was immediately applied. Pot two boon he was nearly
pulseless from the ihook. am bo was being carried from the field, frequent
inquiries were made by the soldiers, u Who have you there '.'" He told the
doctor, "Do not tell the troopa 1 am wounded."
<>n the Thursday following, all pain had ooasod, hut a mortal prostration
cauic on, from which he never recovered. He still conversed feebly, and >;ti«l ,
I osider these wounds a bleating ; they were given me foe tome good and
wise purpose, and I would DOt part with them if 1 could."
i tlii- time he continued to .-ink, and on Sunday morning it was <.bvious
.;d only live a few hours longer. His mind was still clear, boWOTOq
and he asked -Major Pendleton, his adjutant -general, " who was preaching at
[quarters on that day'.''' Mrs. Jackson was with him during his la.-t
moments, and conversed with him fully and freely. She informed him that he
v,.u- about to die, and his reply was, " Very good, very good: it it oil right!"
Ee then sent messages to si! hi- friend-, the generals and others, and mur-
mured, in a kw voice, his wi.-h to be buried iu ''Lexington, in the Valley of
Virginia."
li- mind then began to wander, and that delirium which seises upon the
most powerful minds, the must vigorous brains, at the mysterious momeut, when
the last Bands fall from the glass, began to affect him. lie gave usders to the ■
oonunisaary of his corps, the burgeons, and the commanders. Among the last
words which e-caped his lips were, "A. P. Bill prepare for action."
■ this be speedily sank, and at fifteen minutes past three in the evening
he tranquilly expired.
MAJOR .10I1X SINGLETON MOSBY.
thejlaring pari I !»uch
valuable -< irvic< a | . •!, • bum u ^1 ij r J< I " by.
John Singleton M too of A.lfnd D M iby, fermerlj of A1l>emarle
county, Ya , bttt n iw r« -J.
nal grandson r>f Mr. J ami - M< Laurine, Sr . 1 I iia.
Hi* moil M< Lmrinc.
1 • '• . .
1>. • ml ■ ■ . 1 - i, and i ' iia Wl
nog man li c v the 11 late
Unit iini-N r fo C< ntraj
At the BQTOenooD>an< of b<
1 iti.'i'-n county, Va . wl <-m suoccwfully encaged
in the practice of law. lie in w»ion, and entered
TI1K WAR ASH ITS BEB0B9.
the :.. ivatc, be any raised in Wa.-li
county, aii-1 oommanded by Captain Jones — now Geocr.il Jones — in which posi-
t i • ■ r i 1; months. Upon the prom ition of Captain Jouea to the
. <•! the l.-t \ . .ilry, Mosbj was chosen as adjutant
11' > I in tlii^ position but a short time, for upon the reorganization]
(if the regiment, from son ilonel was thrown out, and consequent
Ijatant n duty. Mosby was thcu chosen by General J. ... 1!.
Stoat • of independent scout.
Ih first attracted public attention when General Jox-ph 11. Johnston, then
amend of the Army of the Potomac, fell back from Manassas. On this
m, desirin • rtain whether the movement of McClellau was a feint,'
or if he really intended to march his army to 1 1 » « - Peninsula, General Jol
bched M in the desired informationn. Taking li\e men with
him, Mosbywent in the rear of McClellan'sarmy, where he remained son*
spending his time in converse with the Yank. rs, from whom he gained all
.iry information, and then made his way safely hack to General Johustoria
headquarters.
Daring the summer of 18C2j Major Mosby was sent from Hauovcr Court
house on a missioa to General Jackson, who was then ou the upper Rapids*
He was the bearer of an oral communication, and as the route was dangerous,
had no papers about him exci pt a brief note to Berve as a voucher of his iden-1
tity and reliability. With thi ■ major proceeded on his journey, ami
stopping at Heaver Dam station, mi the Virginia Central Railroad, to rest aud
feed hie horse, was, while quietly Bitting on the platform at the depot, surprise!
and bagged by a detachment of tho enemy's cavalry.
Mow, to be caught thus napping, in an unguarded moment, was gall andl
wormwood to the brave major, lie had deceived and outwitted the enemy sc
often, had escaped from their olutches bo regularly up to that time, that to tind
himself surprised thus, filled him with internal rage. Prom that moment his
sentiments toward the enemy increased in intensity. They had been all alonp
decidedly unfriendly — they were now hitter. They took him away with tin in,
searched him, and filched his credentials, and published them as an item ol
interest in the Northern papers, and immured the partisan in the Old Capitol.1
Jn due course of time he was exchanged. He returned with a handsoowfl
new satchel and an increased affection for the STankees. lie laughed at hb1
misfortunes, but Bet down the account to the credit of the enemy, to be settle*!
at a more convenient opportunity.
One of the most daring exploits of this gallant partisan is thus graphically
ribed by the army correspondent of the " Illustrated News:"
Previous to tho 8th of March, Major Moabyhad put himself to much trouble
to disoover the strength and positions of the enemy in Fairfax county, with the
i of making a raid in that direction, if circumstances permitted. The
information brought to him was as follows: On the Little River turnpike, at
Germantownj a mile or two distant from Fairfax, were three regiments of the'
THE WAR AND IT3 HEROES. 37
ncmy's cavalry, commanded by Colonel Wynflbam, acting brigadier-general,
pith his headquarters at the court-house. Within a few hundred yards of
,he town were two infantry regiments. In the vicinity of Fairfax station, about
wo miles ofT, an infantry brigade was encamped. And at Centreville there was
IBOtber infantry brigade, with cavalry and artillery.
Thus the way to Fairfax Court-house, the point which the major d<
o reach, seemed completely blocked up with troops of all arms — infantry, artil-
ery and cavalry. Tf he attempted to approach by the Little River turnpike,
LJolonel Wyndham's troopers would meet him full in front. If he tried the
•outc by the Warrenton turnpike, a brigade of infantry, with cavalry to pursue
md artillery to thunder at him, was first to be defeated. Jf he glided in along
the railroad, the brigade at Fairfax station was" in his track.
The "situation" would have appeared desperate to almost any one, however
wentnrous, but danger and adventure had attractions for Major Mosby. If
;he peril was great and the probability of success slender, all the greater would
oe the glory if he succeeded And the temptation was great. At Fairfax
Jourt-housc, the general headquarters of that portion of the army, Brigadier-
acneral Stoughton and other officers of high rank were there known to be,
ind if these could he captured, great would be his triumph, and horrible the
Mnsequent gnashing of teeth among the enemy.
In >pi'. of th< enormous obstacles whi h presented themselves in his path,
Kfejor Mosby determined to undertake no less an enterprise than entering the
;own, seizing tin in their bi ying the huge quantities of public
rtores, and bearing "if his prisoners in triumph.
The nighi of Sunday, March 8th, ws - favorable to the expedition,
rhe weather was infamous, the night as dark as pitch, and it was raining
iteadily- With a detachm* nt of twenty-nine men, Major Mosby *et out on
lid.
made his of Aldie. Proceeding down tlic
',. r turnpik< a route from the court*] I the moui
be 1 nt within about thn f Chantilly. Here, turning to the
■tUt, ! fcbout half-way h< t •
Ithc turnpik* I treville well to the
Ho was now the Little River I
[Wairent m turnpikes an ! iliar with
By
z through the • nting
| y generally, v ; •
on th( ids.
Advancii manner I
in paths only, which ti-
the pa :
1 ille and Fairfax, at a p lint al en the t*
had thu- been successfully .-.
3S THE WAR ANT» ITS BEROBS.
on the Little Kivcr road, or discovery by tin f .reo ported at Centreville. That
place was now in their rear: they had " naked " around it and its warders;
but tin* perils of the enterprise had scarcely oomnu ooed. Fairfax Cuurt-honse
tall about four miles distant, and it mi girdled with cavalry and infantry.
approach was gvai the attempt to enter the place seemed des-
perate, but the major determined to essay it.
Advancing resolutely, ha came within ■ mile and i half of the place, when he
found the '• •'•}' force. hirertly ill hi- path were the infantry
f«wwL 1 1 which he had been notified, and all advance was cheeked in that
direction. The major did not waver in bis purpose, however. Making ■
detour to the right) and leaving brae enemy's camps far to his left, he struck
into the road leading from Fairfax southward to the railroad.
This avenue was guarded like the rest, but by a picket only, and Mosby
knew thoroughly how to deal with pickets. Before the Bleepy and unsuspicious
Yankees were aware of their danger, they found pistols presented at their ;
with the option of surrender or death presented to them. They surrendered
immediately, were taken in charge, and, without further. ceremony, Major Mosbj
and his band entered the town.
From thai moment the atmosl Bilenee, energy and rapidity of action were
requisite. The major h nod reaching the court-house at midnight,
but had 1" i two hour- by mistaking the road in the pitch darkness.
com two o'clock in the morning, and an hour and a half, at the very
utmost, was left him to finish his business and escape before daylight. It
morning found him anywhere in that vicinity, he knew that his retreat would be
•. and the whole party killed or captured, and this would have spoiled the
fun of the affair. He accordingly made his dispositions rapidly, enjoined
complete Bilenee, and s< I to work, in earnest, The small hand was divided
into detachments, with Bpecial dutii led to each. Two or three.- of these
detachments wi re Bent to the public Btablcs where the fine horses of the general
and hi- . with instructions to carry them off without noise.
Another p C nel Wyndham's headrrua ikehimpfi
Anotl er to Colonel Johnson's, with similar ordi -
Taking Bix nun with him, Major Mosby, who proceeded upon sure informa-
• straight to the headquarters of Brigadier-General Stoughton. This
worthy Vermonter, and a ten F Mars; a graduate of West Point,
and a Buppre88-the:rebellion-in-ninety-days' man. He had just been assigned
to the command of the post, and much was expei ted from a brigadier of such
ardor and zeal in the service.
Alas! how litt i] have w ir own fates — a moral observation
which the present narrative powerfully enfoi
" Twas midnight, in his guarded tent
The Turk was dreaming of the honr
When Greece, her knee in suppliance bent,
Should ;remlle at his power.''
THE WAR AND ITS HEROES. 30
And, lo! the brigadier was even then in the power of that Marco Bozzaris,
Major Mosby. " Stoughton's Bitters " came in the shape of a Confederate
partisan !
The major entered his chamber without much ceremony, and found him
reposing in all the dignity and grandeur of a brigadier-general commanding,
whose person and slumbers are sacred. Making his way toward the bed, in tho
dark, the partisan shook him suddenly by the shoulder.
'■ Who is that ''." growled the sleepy brigadier.
u dot up quick, T want you," responded the major.
"Do you know who 1 am," cried the brigadier, sitting up in bed, with a
scowl. " 1 will have you arrested, sir."
" Do you know who / mq '.' " retorted the major, shortly.
" Who are you ?"
" Pid you ever hear of Mosby?"
" Yc ! Tell me, have you caught the rascal ! "
" No; but he has caught you !" And the major chuckled.
•• What does all this mean, sir?" cried the furious brigadiei
"It means, sir," the major replied, very coolly, "that Stuart-* Cavalry are
n of this place, and you are my prisoner. Get up and come along,
or yoo arc a dead man ! "
The brigadier groaned in anguish of soul, but was compelled bo obey, ami
1, and placed him under guard. His staff i wen
captured without difficulty, but two of the former, owing to the darkn<
Mifusion, subsequently made tb< i
.while the other d work. They entered tl -tables,
with their accoutrements, all beloo (Been,
number of prisoners. Ha horses were left, for 1
bering the retreat.
Del Wyndhai - no to
I
i re made : i . having r<
u makii
It was now about hall morning, and it !
I
I
lb had intended ' and
ho in th" houses which
it Would 1 |, even I
cdvb.ihlo. time was wan'
many 1 The
lingly made h
•y five in nun/' i .
n B W
Tin: WAR AND ITS li
V,"\ \. Barker, STork ( lavalry : Colonel Wyndham's
neral; thirty pi biefly of the 18th Pennsylvania and
Lsl Ohio Cavalry, legraph operator at the place XI » were placed
upon the captured horses, and the ut in silence on their return.
Major Moebv. I • which had obndacted him into the court-
house— that which Hut this was ooly to deceive the
if they attempted pursuit. J K- km d turned off",
and } armed I Followed in advancing, coming ont on
the ' a turnpike, about a mile and a half from the town. This time,
finding no guardi on the main road, he continued to follow the turnpike until
lie came to the belt of woods, whicl about half a mile from
Centreville. At this point of the inarch, one of the prisoners, Captain Darker,
counting a, made a effort to effect his
He broke from the guards, dashed out of the ranks, and tried hard
to reach the fori. H< was stopped, however, by a shot from one of the party,
which came so near him that he thought it advisable not lo risk a repetition of
it. He accordingly came back and gave himself np again to his eneni
q turning to the right, the major proceeded on his way, passing directly
benea rtifications. He passed so near them that he distinctly
the bristling muzzles of the oannon iii the embrasures, and was challenged
by the sentinel on the redoubt. Making no reply, he pushed on rapidly — for
the i].r: was dawning ai I no time was to be lost — passed within a hundred yards
the infantry picket* without molestation, swam Cub Run, and again came
out on the Warrenton turnpike at GToveton. He had passed through all his
Clanked Centreville, was on the open road to the South; he was safe]
He had penetrated to the very heart of the enemy's position; glided through
their camps ; capture i their pinkets ; seiz< d their officers id bed ; borne off their
horses; laughed at, and befooled, and outwitted them completely; and had not
lost i man in the intei pi
of Major Mosby would furnish material l'or a volume whieh
would r< :i romanoi than a true statement of actual occurrences,
ll« raids, encounters and adventures, that
hit . omitted them to paper, would be regarded as the efforts
of 1:
ndent gives the annexed pen-and-ink sketch of the gallant
major: His figure is slight, muscular, Bupple and vigorous; his eye is keen,
penetratii a the alert; he wears his sabre and pistol wfth the air of
a man who slet ps with them buckled around his waist, and handles them
habitually, almost unconsciously. The major is a determined man in a (barge,
dangerous on a scout, hard to outwit, and prone to "turn up'' suddenly where
he is least exp< U '.. and baug away with pistol and carbiue.
>IAJOR-GENERAL WADE IIAMFTON'
MAJOR-GENERAL WADE HAMPTON.
Major- General Wade Hampton was born in the city of Charleston, Soutk
Carolina, in the year 1818. His father, Colonel Wade Hampton, was a dis-
tinguished officer in the war of 1812 and an aide-de-camp to G< neral Jacksxm
at the battle of New Orleans. He was an eminent and esteemed citizen of
South Carolina, distinguished as an enlightened and liberal agriculturist, and
greatly respected fir his elevated and pure character as a man.
The mother of the subject of our sketch wa> Miss Anne Fitz Simmon?,
daughter of Christopher Fitz Simmons, for many years a merchant of Char
ton city. His grandfather was General Wade Hampton, a distinguished officer
of the Revolution, and for a number of years a prominent citizen of South.
Carolina.
The pres ml Hampton, who, it will be seen, descended from a lour;
line of military heroes, received his education at the South Carolina < '"liege,
where he graduated, with much distinction, at a very early age. While yet
quite a young man, he was married to th< t of Genera!
Fr;,- ton, of Virginia, by which union he had three children —
tin-in gallant young officers in the C miliurj
name which they bear. The present wil teral Ha the onlj
ivernor McDuffie, of South Carolina.
to the present wm. time and atten-
tion aim :id with much •
■ '1 in both br oee
of Li which pi ion. H
f the A!:
th and the SoutA,
oa,
and, with pi I eharactcri-tie !il *r>U
take an active
and Hb'i.n; part in the first butt
« attle, while gallant
I promiiKat
par. s around
THE WAR AND IT.- H
icbmonJ, he w . .airy
.1 V.. B. Stuart, in which position he has been untiring,
ntion "f t1 : <-y. He has since had
a rai,;. ' red upon him bj the E*n -
I ii t i • oeral Ham] I ived three
-one in the hip from ~ IB the luad — all
bat, forto tal.
era] Hampi -in Columbia, Soutb Carolina, and is
lOvn by all Soul lc of true Southern hospitality; and as one
the hands 3 uth.
MAJOR-GENERAL GUSTAVUS WOODSON SMITH.
MAJ. GEN. GUSTAVUS WOODSON SMITH.
General GustaTUS Woodson Smith wa> born on the 1st day of January, 1822,
near Georgetown, Scott county, Kentucky. His parents were both natives of
the same county. His grand-parents — paternal and maternal — removed from
Eastern Virginia to Kentucky in the time of Daniel Boone, whilst the red men
still disputed with the whites for possession of their favorite hunting-ground —
the far-famed "Blue Grass District." He is by lineage, education and habits
a thorough Kentuekian.
Through the influence of Colonel Richard M. Johnson, then Vice Pn
of the United States, who was the close neighbor and life-long personal and
political friend of Bodes Smith, the paternal grandfather of the subject of this
sketch, Gustavus W. Smith was appointed a cadet, and tntered the T'nitcd
Military Academy in 1838, and, at the end of six month-, had established
a reputation f<>r ability of no ordinary character, and was placed firti in mathc-
• reported to be equal, if nor. to any ev< r grads
Wet Point
On leaving the Military Academy In 1842, he was ippoioted a lieutenant in
the United Star. In 1846, altl i lieu-
tenant and low on the li m of the slow promotion in that celebrated
corps, he * ted by the ,-ineer and ordered upon duty a-
Bant oi tlje oompany of snd mint i, then
1 i • npany
tod died in New Orleans, on his way to his hon
Lieutenant Smith, as senior
i i: to the end of th< a ir Tl i i th< •
llellan an I
This ; art in all the open-
ly, in mai _■'- and I
Cerro Qordo, Cootn
In the city of Ml itenaet Smith, nt :
5 tt, officially an:
often and more high
as at Geno
commended more 1
more important sen at Vera Crux ar. I it the
4- THK WAR AND ITS HEROES.
arbitrary tad unjust role had been laid down, and wu rigidly adhered to, thai
lieuti nantfl should n ■ a than t< ■ ■ bn
Mao; tenant Smith's former juniors, who belonged to oorpe in which
promotion was more rapid than in that of th -, had reached the grade
of first lieutenant, and, by receiving two brevets upon that grade, were made
majors; but none of these, it I, had a separate command.
In 1849, Lieutenant Smith was appointed principal assistant professor of
i Dgine< ring and the art of war at West Point Military Academy, with the rank
of captain, and continued to fill that position until the 18th <>f December, 1854,
at which time hi 1 from the army of the United Stat.'-:.
In 1 t to New Orleans, ami in October, 1856, ret
from that j ■ ]■.., e to tl e city of New York.
Capl IVUS \\\ Smith, as he was Mill called, won t'"r himself in civil
life a reputation fully equal to that which ho had previously established in the
army. II i> administration for three years of the highly responsible position
confided to him in the city of Xew York is regarded by the ablest and hot
m< ii of that city as unequalled for ability and sterling integrity, ami wrung
even from his political foes a mead of praise of which any man might well feel
proud.
From his connexions and political Opinions, no one doubted which side Cap-
tain Smith would espouse. Time passed On. Fort Sumter was bombarded, the
battle of Manassas fought, Kentucky was still in the old Union, and Captain
Smith was yet in New York He reamed Kentucky early in August, 1881,
and his Southern friends then learned that he had been suddenly stricken
down by disease in New York city just two weeks before the bombardment of
Port Sumter — had been confined to his room for marly three months, and so
BOOn BS he was able to travel, had proceeded to his old home in Kentucky,
where he hoped to recuperate his shattered strength and health.
"When the Kentucky Legislature, in the winter of 1861, by an almost unan-
imous vote, declared that the seceded States should not be coerced into the
Union, it was underst 1 in Kentucky that Captain Smith was the chosen
military leader id that. State. On arriving at home, he found that a majority
of the people of Kentucky had been deceived and betrayed, and immediately
determined not to be enchained with her even temporarily under the rule of the
Yankees, rle therefore left Kentucky, aud, ori reaching Nashville, offered his
services to the President of the Confederate States, stating that lie had left the
North ami come back to the South with the intention of sharing her destiny.
In a few days afterwards he proceeded to Richmond, and, without application
on his part, upon the recommendations of Generals A. S. Johnston, .Joseph E.
Johnston, and Beauregard, was by the President appointed, a major-general.
A~ commander of the second corps of the Army of the Potomac, whilst
Beauregard commanded the first, and Joseph K. Johnston the army — as com-
mander of the left wing of Johnston's army in the celebrated retreat from
Centreville, and of the rear-guard and left wing from Vorktown in retiring
THE WAR AND ITS HEROES. 49
upon Richmond — his services upon the battle-field of "Seven Pines," wkerc
he had no special command until after General Johnston was wounded — his
conduct as commander of Johnston's army from the time the latter was wounded
until General Lee was ordered to take command of that army — his services as
commander of Richmond and its defences, including the country from Wil-
mington to "Winchester — his services in North Carolina during the two threat-
ened advances of the enemy in December, 1802, and the following January,
cannot and will not be forgotten by the army or the people.
In the early part of 186-3, owing to some misunderstanding between himself
and the President, General Smith resigned.
Immediately after his resignation was accepted, such wns his patriotic desire
to aid all in his power in our great struggle that he offered his services to
General Beauregard as volunteer aid in the then expected attack on Charleston,
in any capacity in which he could for the time being be made useful This
offer was accepted, and he was with General Beauregard in the gallant defence
of that city in April, 1*G3.
He now occupies the position as President of the Georgia Manufacturing and
Mining Company at Etowah, Georgia ; but we understand accepted this lucra-
tive and responsible position with the distinct understanding that if ever his
services arc needed, or can be made available in defence of the State of Geor-
gia, hifl present residence, or if when the great struggle is mad*' by Kmtuckians
for Kentucky, which he believes is sure to come, that he must be relieved of
the responsibilities of President, and receive his orders from the Governor
either of tl U s, to both of whom he has already pledged his sen;
LIEUT. GEN. JAMES LONGSTREET.
The name of no officer in the Confederate service has become more familiar
to the general reader than that of Lieutenant-* ieneral James Longstreet, The
immboi of important conflicts in whioh he has been engaged since the Brat
shook of arms at Manas.-as, and the ability and gallantry he has displayed 'i
each, lias won for him a proud position in the front rank of distinguished
Confederate officers.
James Longstreet was bora in the State of South Carolina, and ia about forty-
three years of age. Fot many years past he has been a citizen of Alabama.
He entered the Military Academy at West Point in L838, M a cadet from
South Carolina, and graduated in the olaafl of 1842, bo celebrated for the
number of it- distinguished members. Longatreet's grade was number fifty-
four in the class, which contained about sixty members. Among his classmates
we notice the names of Pope and Rosecxanz of the Federal army, ami 1>. II.
Hill, Lowell, G. W. Smith, Van Horn, M. L. Smith. Rains. MoLawa and R. II.
Anderson of the Confederate army. We venture the assertion that, notwith-
standing tbe low grade of Longstreet in his class, there is not one of the above-
named officers who would ooi willingly ezohange reputations with James Long-
street, who has justly won the title of "the hard fighter."
On the l.-t of July, 1842, General Longstreet took bis position in the United
& brevet seoond lieutenant of the Fourth Regiment of Infantry,
in which he served until March, 1845, when he was transferred to the Eighth
Regiment. He was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in February, 1847,
having previously been distinguished in the battle of Monterey, from June,
L847, to July, 1849, be Berved as adjutant to his regiment. He was breveted
.aptain for "gallant and meritorious conduct" in tin* battles of CootreraS and
Chernbnaoo, August 20th, 1847, and major for "gallantry" in the battle of
El Molino del Roy, September 8th, 1847. He was highly distinguished and
severely woumkd in the assault on Chapultepec, September loth, 1847. It
will thus be seen that the career of Lieutenant Longstreet, in the Mexican war,
was one of uncommon brilliancy, and that he enme out of the war with an
established reputation for courage and ability at the early SfJ*e of twenty-seven.
He became a captain in December, 1852, and paymaster, with the rauk of
major, in July, 1868.
General Longstreet was first brought prominently before the Southern public
at the battle of Bull Run, on the 18th of July, 1801, where he commanded,
likut";n^t
THE WAR AND ITS HEROES. 53
and subsequently at the battle of Manassas, July 21st, 1861, in which he
commanded a brigade under General Beauregard. JIc va.s afterwards male a
major-general under General Joseph E. Johnston.
After the battles around Richmond, in which General Longstreet bore a
prominent part, he was made lieutenant-general under General Lee, who
assumed command of the army after the battle of Seven Pines, General John-
ston having been woundod in that engagement. General Longstreet continued
with the army of the Potomac until after the battle of Gettysburg, when he wai
transferred to the command of a separate army, which, at the present writing,
(February, ls^4,) is successfully engaged in the defence of East Tennessee.
As a "fighter" General Longstreet stands second to no officer in the army,
and it is said that, during his connection with the army of the Potomac, General
Lee reposed the most unbounded confidence in his coolness, skill and courage.
General Longstreet combines, in an eminent degree, the qualities of a great
soldier, viz : the spirit and dash to storm a formidable position; the Stubborn
courage and cool judgment to maintain his ground against superior numbers,
and thesflfcill and ability to control and direct an army, cither for offensive or
defensive operations.
General Longstreet is about six feet high, weighs at least two hundred
pounds, and, as will be seen by his portrait, wears a heavy, flowing brown
justly rej one of the finest looking men in the army
LIEUT. GEN. AMBROSE POWELL HILL.
Ambrose Powell Hill was bom in Culpeper county, Virginia, aud is th * MB
•f Major Mill, who, fur many years, trail a leading politician and merchant of
that county.
The subject of our sketch entered West Point, as a cadet from his native
State, in L848, ami graduated on the 3d of June, 1847. On the 1st of July,
1*47, he was oommuaioned brevet second lieutenant First Artillery, and on the
tftith of August, 1847, he was promoted second lieutenant.
ll< entered the Confederate service at the commencement of the war, an
colonel of the loth Regiment Virgiuia Volunteers. At the first battle of
Manassas tnifl regiment, with the remainder of (jeneral Joseph E. Johnston's
oommaud, arrived on the field just in time to insure and complete the great
victory of that memorable day.
THE WAR AND ITS HKROES. 5§
At the battle of Williamsburg he had risen to the rank of brigadier-general,
and in that fight exhibited an extraordinary spirit and energy, which was
recognized by all who observed his behaviour on the field.
In the disposition of the forces around Richmond previous to the seven day?
fighting, General Hill, who had now been made a major-general, occupied with
his division the extreme left of our position in the neighborhood of Meadow
Bridge. He was placed in command of one of the largest divisions of the
army, composed of the brigades of Anderson, Branch, Pender, Gregg, Field,
and. perhaps, sumo others, which he rapidly brought to perfection in organiza-
tion. It was made his duty to cross at Meadow Bridge and make the first
attack upon the enemy 'a forces. Here he maintained a terrible conflict with
the enemy, encouraging his troops by examples of personal audacity, which
kept him constantly exposed to the enemy's fire.
That position of the enemy being gained, the division of General Hill followed
bi- subsequent movements, being placed first on the line of our advance and
bearing the brunt of the action, to F razor's farm, where occurred the memorable
engagement in which hi> command, composed of his own and one division of
General Longstreet's, fought the entire Yankee force, and achieved a success
which broke the spirit of the invading horde and completed the circuit of our
\ i.l. :
General Hill, with his battle-scarred, veterans has borne a conspicuous part
V( ry battle fought by the army of the l'otouiac, from the first engagement
at V ■ • tW tb* battle of Gettysburg.
LIEUT. GEN. RICIIAKD S. EWELL
Richard S. Ewell is a native of Prince William county, Virginia. We liaTC
Dot been able to ascertain the year of his birth ; but, as he entered the Military
my of West Point in 1886 and graduated in 1R40, we presume he is
somewhat turned of forty. He was appointed second lieutenant of cavalry by
on the Let of July, 1840, and full second lieuteuant the November
following. On the 18th of September, 1845, he was made first lieutenant, and,
with that rank, went into the Mexican war. He WOO his promotion to captain
in the field, having received it for "gallant and meritorious conduct^' in the
battles of Contreras and Chcrubusco.
Captain Swell was anion.,' the first to cast his fortune with the South when
his native State seceded. Hi.- Bret appearance was at Fairfax Court-house,
when a party of cavalry were surprised by the enemy, and Governor Smith
succeeded in rallying them. Ewell, we believe, had no command; but, when
the alarm took place, he rushed into the street, in the very midst of the danger,
and, by his energetic remonstrances and fearless exposure of his person, con-
tributed greatly to prevent a catastrophe. With the rank of colonel, we next
find him in command of the camp of instruction for cavalry at Ashland. His
services here were invaluable and their effect has been felt throughout the war.
His discipline was stern and rigid, but humane, and, out of raw mounted
militia, he soon formed a most efficient body of troops. At the first battle of
Manassas, Ewell, now a brigadier, was stationed with his cavalry on the right.
In that position, he was detained all day, without participating in the dangers
and glory of the fight. An order was sent to him to advance to Ccntreville,
and fall upon the flank and rear of the enemy. That order never reached him.
Had it arrived in time, the oonsequenoe would have been the capture of 20,000
men, the titter destruction of the Yankee army, and, in all probability, the
capture of Washington. Soon after this battle, Ewell was made a major-general
and placed in command of a division.
Upon Jackson's retreat after the battle of Kernstown, Ewell was sent to
re in force him. The two great soldiers seemed formed to act together. The
utmost cordiality always existed between them. Each was too noble, too brave,
too generous, to feel the slightest jealousy of the other. Upon all occasions,
Jackson bore testimony to the invaluable services of Ewell ; and Ewell, in
return, always expressed the highest admiration for Jackson. In nearly all of
Jackson's battles in the Valley, Ewell was a participant, and the part he bore
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD 8 E¥
THE WAR AND ITS HEROES. 59
was always prominent. At Port Republic, Ewell was pitted ■g»intt Fremont.
He routed him completely and clapped an extinguisher upon his pretensions
to be considered a soldier. Since that time, Fremont has been continually
sinking in the estimation of the Yankees, and has now at last found his level,
as the chief of an army ©f negroes.
General Ewell was in all the battles around Richmond in which JteksOB*!
corps was engaged. When the latter was ordered to the Piedmont country to
chastise the miscreant Rope, Ewell was his right-hand man. lie distinguished
himself greatly in the battle of Cedar mountain, and was the life and soul of
the inarch to MuuMM. In the second battle of that name, he was *o severely
wounded in the leg, that amputation was rendered necessary. He bore the
operation with gm( fortitude and even cheerfulness. V- >.>on as he had
sufficiently recovered, he was removed to Richmond, where, in the house of hm
friend, Dr. Hancock, who had been his surgeon on a former occasion, he lay
several months, occasionally suffering great pain. Having finally recovered, he
was made a lieutenant-general and placed in command of one-half of Jackson >
old corps, out of which two had been formed, General A. P. Hill commanding
the other. It is -aid that Jackson, on his death-bed, express'-*! hu earnest
desire that Ewell might be -his successor. That he was eorrect in his estimate
of Ewell's capacity for command has been reudered sufficiently evident. The
capture of Winchester was one of the most magnificent achievements >j the
war, and places its author, at once, in the foremost rank of our ire-j.'.wis
MAJOR JOHN PELHAM
I'l.. ■• gallant Pelham," is he was styled by his commanding general, was a
i:itive of Alabama, and commanded the horse artillery attached to the cavalry
livisiun of General J. B. 1!. Stuart. He entered the army at the commenoe-
•it of the war sod was engaged in every battle fought io Virginia from the
llrst Ifsnesean, io 1861( to the battle of Keysville, March 17, 1863, where he
fell mortally wounded, with the battle-cry on his lips and tho light of victory
beaming from his eye. The army correspondent of the "Illustrated News"
thus notices the sad event:
On the morning of the 17th of March, Averill's Federal cavalry, three
thousand in the saddle, crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford and attacked
ibout eight huudred of (ieneral Fitihugh Lee's command, who faced, without
shrinking, these great odds, and fought them stubbornly, at every point,
'hroughout the entire day.
THE WAR AND ITS HEROES. 61
"When the sun set on that tranquil evening — sinking slowly down behind th*
quiet forest, unstirred by the least breath of wind — the long and desperate
struggle was decided. The enemy was retiring "badly hurt;" and General.
Stuart added in his dispatch, "We are after him. His dead men and horses
strew the road."
Nn border battle has been fought during the entire war; and never have the
entmy reeled back in greater confusion before the Southern steel than here.
Our heroes won the day by hard and di ,-hting, in charge aftr-r charge;
but lost in the Struggle some of the most valiant hearts that ever beat. Pullor,
Harris and Pelham were among the number — the "gallant l'elham" of the
battle of Fredericksburg. He wie in the performance of his duty as chief ol
artillery, and WM riding toward his general, when a regimeut of cavalry swept
by him in a charge. He was waving his 1 1 cheering them on, when
■ ball from a carbine struck him en the head, mortally wounding him. lie
lingered until after midnight, on the morning of the l*th, when General Stuart
telegraphed to Mr. Curry, of Alabama:
"The noble, the chivalric, the gallant l'elham is no more. He was killed in
action yesterday. His remains will be Bent to you to-day. now much he was
beloved, appreciated and admired, let the tears of agony we have shed, and
the gloom of mourning throughout my command, bear witness. His loss is
irreparable."
The body of the young officer v to Piichmond — laid in state in the
capital of Virginia — and we arc told that " some tender hand deposited an
evergreen wreath, intertwined with whil . upon the
all that was mortal of the fallen U - family received the soldier V
remains j they were taken to his Southern Virginia, ti
had surrendered him to Alabama, the Ian I rth.
Tn a general order i'-sui <1 on th< il Si ill said : •
his comrades, it ii [well upon what you have so ofter>
Von wvll know how,
though young i
genuini of deportmenl — h< ittle-field I
«.f a vit. ran, and di irbeblc
poolneei thil army,
from the fir~t M
ption, a brilliant .. i- .r in all.
" Tlie memory of the
and pur ty of chat irta ot
all who knew hit
.'"ccssful. He f'll — the
I : vice be 1.
war.
"In token of rff . and
iff will wear the military | days; aa
C,2 THE WAR AND ITS BMtOHg,
officer of >taff, Major Von Borcke, will place his remains in the posses-
sion of hi*- bereaved family, to whom is tendered, in behalf of the division, the
nan trance of heartfelt sympathy in this deep tribulation.
" !n mourning bin departure from his accustomed post of honor on the field,
let in strive to imitate hie ibUwi, and trait that what is loss to us, may be
man than pain to him."
When killed, Pedum wa> but twenty-four year> of age, but he had made for
If a "greet immortal name."
The correspondent of the " Illustrated News," above alluded to, famished
that paper with the aunexed particulars in regard to his short but brilliant
career :
A - • • . greet Star, of Alabama, and descended from an old and honorable
family then . he had more than the courage of his race and clime. Be chose
arms a> his profession, and entered West Point, where he graduated just as the
Wat commenced. He lost no time in offering his services to the South, and
reoeived the appointment of first lieutenant in the Confederate States army.
Proceeding to Harper's Kerry, when (General Johnston was in command there,
he was assigned to duty a.* drill-officer of artillery, and in the battle of Manassas
commanded a battery, which he fought with that obstinate and daring courage
which afterwards rendered him so famous. He speedily attracted the attention
of the other generals of the armj, and General J K. J>. Stuart entrusted him
with the organization of the battalion of Horse Artillery which he Subsequently
oommanded is nearly every battle of the war upon Virginia soil. Here I knew
him first
mettl when he took command of that now famous corps, a new
ry fighting seemed to be inaugurated. The rapidity, the rash,
the in the cavalry were grafted on its more deliberate brother. Not
once, i itedly, has the Horse Artillery of Pelham given chase at full
spee 1 i I Bying enemy ; and far in advance of all infantry support, unlimbered
and hurled its thunders on the foe. It was ever at the point where the line
was u ..,; however headlong the -barge of the cavalry, the whirling
gtt»* ft de it, all ready for their part. ''Trot, march!" had yielded to
'' g*Ui ; the battalion — it was rushed into position, and put in action with
a rash 3 and 'wand out among the guns where the bolts fell thickest was the
tillerist ; cool and self-possessed, but, as one of his officers bsM
as gay a* a schoolboy at B frolic." He loved his profession for
itsotn and often spoke to the officers above alluded to of the
h< would have in the present campaign ; but 1 anticipate
my subject
( '"' the command of General Stuart, he secured the warm
SI d ' mited confidence of that general, who employed his services upon
every occasion Thenceforth their fortunes seemed united, like their hearts;
and the name of the young man became noised abroad as one of the most des-
perate fighter? of the whole army He was rightly regarded by General Jacksou
THE WAR AND ITS HEROES. 63
and others as possessed of a very extraordinary genius for artillery; and when
any movement of unusual importance was designed, Pelham was assigned to the
artillery to be employed.
His career was a brief one, but how glorious! How crowded with great
events that are history now. Let us glance at it :
When our forces fell back from Manassas in 1801, his batteries had their part
in covering the movement, and guarding the fords of the Rappahannock. During
the campaign of the Peninsula, his Blakely was as a sentinel on post next tho
enemy; and at the battle of Williamsburg his courage and skill transformed raw
militia into veterans. Tn the seven days' battles around Richmond he won fade-
less laurels. With one Napoleon, he engaged three heavy batteries, and fought
them with a pertinacity and unfaltering nerve which made the calm face of
(Jeneral .lack son Lrlow ; and the pressure of that heroic hand, warm and eloquent
of unspoken admiration Soon afterwards, at the "White House," he engaged
a gunboat, and driving it away, after a brief but hot encounter, proved how
fanciful were the terrors of these "monsters," as they were then called. After
that work in the Peninsula, the young man was famous.
His L'reatest achievements were to come, however; and he hastened to record
them on the enduring tablets of history. Prom the moment when his artillery
advanced from the Rappahannock, to the time when it returned thither, to the
day of Fredericksburg, the path of the young leader was deluded with the
bltod of battle. At Mauassaa ho rushed his guns into the very columns of the
enemy almost : fighting their sharpshooters with canister, amid a hurricane of
balls. At Shaipsburg be had command sf nearly all the artillery on our left,
and directed it with the hand of the matter. When the arm y orossed hack
into Virginia he * : pardstown, and guarded the f rd with an
obstinate valor, which spoke in the regular and nn sensing refer beration of hie
•mouthed N ■ they roared on, hour after hoar, driving bw k th*'
uy.
Of tho 'lay- whir' 1 that excitiog period, many persons will long
hold tho memory U was io an h wu • a/hither tl
war bore him I
forth in all its In the old hall on I
mnded !•■ s*ho reminded him - bin own
in far Alabama; there, D the trampi , ,tnn, in that b< in-
try I I to pa-s some of hit
kin-: n — with meat, his courtesy, his
hieh br< ill almost — blushing like a girl
ftl times — and •
with all aroun I I thai regal 1 nun an<l women which ■
the pre**: rossessor. In the beautiful
Autumn forests; by the -t ream with :»ll
oakt> of the lawn, he thus w . r a time — an •
Alabama, but lo?ed, admired and cbemhed by warm hearts in alia. When
04 THE WAR AND ITS HEROES.
he left the haunts of the old " bower " I think he regretted it. But work
called him.
The fiat had gone forth from the imperial closet at Washington, that another
"On to Richmond'' should be attempted — and where the vultures of war
hovered, there was the post Off duty for the Horse Artillery. The cavalry crossed
the Rluc Hidge, and met the ad valuing column at Aldic — and l'elham was
again in his clement, hurling destruction upon the ranks of General Bayard.
Thenceforward, until the banks of the Kappahaunock were reached by the
cavalry, falling back in order, ad was designed — from that instant the batteries
of the BOOM Artillery disputed every step of ground. The direction of the
artillery was hit with unhesitating confidence to the young officer ; and those
who witnessed, during that arduous movement, the masterly handling of his
gum. ean tell how this confidence was justified. It was the eye of the great
soldier, the hand of the born artillerist which was evident in his work, during
those days of struggle. He fell back neither too soon nor too late, and only
limbered up his guns to unlimber again in the first position which he reached.
Thus fighting every inch of the way from Aldie, round by Paris and Markham's,
he reached tlm Rappahannock, and posted his artillery at the fords, where he
stood and bade the enemy defiance. That page in the history of the war is
scarcely known ; but those who were present know the obstinacy of the cont<
and the nerve and skill which were displayed by the young officer.
That may be uuknown, but the work done by l'elham on the great day of
l"r« derieksburg is a part of history now. All kuow how stubbornly he stood on
that day — what laurels encircled his young brow when night at last came. This
was the climax of his fame — the event with which his name will be inseparably
connected. With one Napoleon gun, he opened the battle on the right, and
instantly drew upon himself the fire, at close range, of four batteries in front,
and a heavy enfilading fire from 30-pOUnjd 1'arrois across the river. Rut this did
not daunt him. Tliat NapoleOD gun wa- the same which he had used at the
battle of Cold Harbour — it was taken from the enemy at Seven Pines — and, in
the hands of the young officer it had won a fame which must not be tarnished
by defeat ! It- grim voice must roar, however great the odds; its reverberating
defiance must roll over the plain, until the bronze war dog was silenced. Bo it
roared on steadily, with l'elham beside it, blowing up caissons and continuing to
tear the enemy's ranks. General Lee was watching it from the hill above, and
exclaimed, with eyes filled with admiration, " It is glorious to see such courage
in one so young!" It was glorious, indeed, to sec that one gun, placed in an
important position, J'old its ground with a firmness so unflinching and heroic —
to sec a beardless boy sternly standiug in that horrible hurricane of shell, with
iron resolution and a soul as immovable as rock. Not uutil his last round of
ammunition was shot away did Pelhain retire, and then only after a peremptory
order 6ent to him. He afterwards took command of the entire artillery on the
right, and fought it until night with a skill and courage which were admirable.
He advanced his guns steadily, and at nightfall wae thundering en the flank of
THE WAT? AND : 05
the retreating foe, who no longer r< ; lied No tins ir came back from
those batteries he had fought with 1p> Napol g — he had triumphed*
That triumph was complete an 1 placed forevei uj a record, when the
commander-in-chief, whom he loved and admired i him the
name, in his report, of the "gallant Pelham."
Supreme tribute to his courage — immortalizing him in history ! To he the
none mentioned in all that host of heroes, and mentioned as the "gallant
Pelham !"
Thenceforward there was little f<>r him to desire. He had never cared fur
rank, only ]<.> ; anil now his nam,' was deathless. It i« true that
he had sometimes said, with modest and noble pride, that lie thought it some-
what hard to be considered I 2 for promotion, when they gave him great
commands — as at Sha lied on him when
the hardest work w 1 in< . But he never d sired a mere title he had
not won, and did hi* soldier's duty thoroughly, trusting to time. So noble and
important, however, had been his recent services that promotion was a n
of course. The President had appointed him a Lieutenant-Colonel, and it only
awaited the formal confirmation of the Senate when he fell on tl 'ian-
n"<-k. Ui- f.ill was a | unity to the nation, but none to him. It wa3
tit that such a spirit should lay down his irreat work the hard life of the
world had dimmed the polish of the good kni| lie wai
no promoti in at the 1 men. He had won, if not worn
boo inished his ta^k, the
■
world.
I
adid, how rich in ' the an?; n a
■■ with the leader tn
combats, and fought hi
of his h
I
■ II — intuit
- ; and th
: '
1
that
the
-
^ THE WAR AHD ITS BKR01
from the hands of the well known young loader. What terrified the foe
was ge of success to our own men. The roar of Pelham's Napoleons
was a welcome sound. When (he deep-mouthed thunder of those Lruns was
heard, the faintest took heart, and the conte-t as-uincd a new phase to all — for
that sound had proved on many a field the harbinger of Victory. At Maiia--
Williamsburg, OoW Harbour, Groveton, Ozhill, Sharpsburg, Sheppardstown,
Kearneysvillo, Al die. Union, Upperville, Bfarkham, Barbee'e, Basel River and
Frederioksbarg — at these and many other places, he fought hi- Bone Artillery.
and handled it with heroic contempt of danger! One day. when I led
him to speak "t his career, he counted up something like sixty battles, great
and .-mall, which he had been in. and in every one lie had home a prominent
part Talk with the associates of the young leader iii those hard-foughl battles,
and tiny will tell you h hundred instattCt s .if his dauntless courage. At BfanSBSaS,
ik position in a plaec so dangerous, that an officer, who had followed lii til
up tj that moment, rode away with the declaration, thai "if Pelham was fool
gh to stay there, he was not." But General Jackson thanked him, as he
thanked him at Cold Barbour, when the brave young soldier cante hack covered
with dust from fighting his Napoleon — the light of victory in fa At
Markham, while he was fighting the enemy in front, they made a circuit and
charged him in the rear; hut he turned his gUOS about, and fought them, as
before, with his "French Detachment,'' Binging the loud, triumphant Mars>il-
IttUe, as that .-am.1 Napoleon gun broke their ranks and drove them hack. All
that whole ureal movement was a marvel of hard fighting, however, and lVlhum
was the hero of the stout, elose struggle, as he was of the hot contest on the
right a' Fredericksburg. Any other chief of artillery might have sent his
. In. leaving the direction of the guns to such officers as tin- brave Captain
Henry; hut this did not suit the young chieftain. He must go himself with
the "lie L'tm sent forward, ami he.-ide that piece he remained until it was
id back— directing hi- men to lie down, hut Bitting his own horse, and
intent solely Upon the movement- and designs of the enemy, wholly earcle-.- of
the "lire of lull-' hurled against him. It was glorious, indeed, as General
nob heroism in the boyish artillerist and well might
General Jackson speak of him in terms of "exaggerated compliment/' snd ask
General Stuart " if he had anotJier Petham, to give him to him!"
Modest, brave, loving and beloved — the famous soldfer, the charming com-
panion, passed away from the friends who cherished him, leaving a void which
n till. Alabama lent him to Virginia for a time; but, alas!
pal.- face smiles no more as he return- to her. Many mourn his early death
here where his -lory was won, as in the southern land from wheiiec he came.
these— th< wile circle who loved him for his great qualities, and his kind,
good heart — his loss is irreparable, as it is to the whole land. The "breed of
noble minds" like hi- numerous, and, when such forms disappear, the
gap is hard to Gil — the struggle for our liberties is more arduous than hefore.
]>ut the memory of this threat young soldier still reuiaius with us — his uame is
immortal in history as in many heart* which throhbed at his death.
GENERAL JOSEPH I ' STON JOHNS!
-hr<l r<fC\ror i-
<>n Hi' "" '''" H
nnd bi Guilford, <
oioa, wl
nl.litcrni. . It b worth]
the la:
S3 TB
ful, though uncultivated mind,
tioa fur his old commander; a
i, thai lif Lad never fouud
him urof the Revolution, Judge Johnston married Bfial
Polly W of Patrick Henry, and one of the
I If he had ohoeen his wife
ohoec her gown, u for qualitiei
ly have- made a happier selection. Mrs. John<
1 1 i t'«j for the ability with which
. . .. aa Bhe had her peraona]
They imily, -"ii- an I i -. all of
persons i landing. Both parents paid the
lr eduoa . and physical, as well as mental; a
;n the direction ol yonth ia entrnated.
_ . . \' :in complete mastery over tin ir
all other.-, i is .it:al to human happinCCS; for the
mind fire in th w >rld, is tl e beel J of
tunica] of maal
boh wag the youngest. "When yet
ring 1 I a judge in Abingdon diatriot,
• seph received the rudiments of
•v of quick par;.-- and a bold and
. : his life, he had an opportunity
. be has since beeu distinguished
lident he broke an arm. Most
I in the loudest lamentation. Joseph, on
miafortu noet heroic foi I !<• shed
lie submitted t" the si the limb
with lian, making not a wry face, and
hi . With equal patience be bore the
o his a 1 1 in every incidc ■ d with
the ■• .. : his \< ars. \Y< i this eir-
. i lie, and affords a key tu his
trying' situations I in eau be
I him to choose a i ; i I
Nati rer, of an
old perienoe in fcl i i dj of Q-reene
he :. itural that lie should fei ml stirred
wit! ind ol a trumpet. It is reasonable to suppose, also,
thai . for a military early dis-
covering the mid encourage b il incUua-
ti i , ,;, L825, a cadet at the military academy
of West Poi : time ia the very zenith of its reputation. His applica-
TIIK WAR AND IT3 :
tion t<> lils studies, from the moment he i ofc red the walla of this institution,
was earnest sod devoted. How ' wis, we ' ' : i n k his after history
Tory clearly shows. He graduated in 1829, in th< rith Qeneral
Robert K. Lee, s circumstance a to render that
year and that elass forever mei Weal Point. Qftdet
Johnstoa was immediately assigi ■ with the rank of 1M
Lieutenant, by brevet. There a oo war ty for
distinction. Accordingly, we find I Lieu-
tenant, appointed Assistant C f 8ul
resigned the yi ted 1st 1 I '.cal
Engineers. This rank he held when the
conduct throughout that war wai od to
draw the ey< I of the whol< I
been pent, under the escort of a
noisance of a region which lay ai havil like in
boats, the party was waylaid by an
killed or disabled at the first fire. The men were
sinn. and were in imminent daoj Johnston
took the command, and, by his
cuing them. He laid hold of a •
out in race of tin i
i apoo him. T I i — i
a panic
mm of balls swept ai ouad .;
at /- of tbem
struck tl which h<
struck him immi d
Imir. and ranged backward to tl
hut not fracturing it <>r injuring
the troops bad caught c" much
esrried off th<
and throaghout the Florida i
■
proa
■
. wai mad< '
■
■
70 THE WAR AND ITS HEROES.
through the trial. Hi* WOOl ived OB the 12th of A] ril, exactly six
the battle of C lo, in which, of course, he was unable to
.r a j.art. However, lie r> jovered sufi1 resume his oommand in the
poinding battloa of the war. He distinguished himself at Molino del Key,
and was again severely woutidi d a; < 'hapultepec. These numerous wounds led
<;>i. tt, afterwards, to say of him: "Johnston is a great soldier, bat he
lias an unfortunate knack of getting himself shot in nearly every engagement,
Tlii aded, probablj is a erj but there could not be a more honorable
the gallantry lier. He was several times brevetted for
^.•'.llant and meritorious eonduot is this war, and at its conclusion, was retained
;i of Topographical Engineers. At what time he was promoted} wc
not aware; hut lie became I Colonel in the old army, and when the disrup-
i of the Union took place, was Quartermaster-General, lie immediately
gned and offered his services to his native State. He wee appointed to a
hi^h command by Governor Letcher, hut thinking he could he of more use in
the Confederate service, he resigned and offered himself to President Davis,
then at Montgomery. He was immediately appointed Major-General, and
ordered to take command of the forces at Harper's Ferry.
< >n the 23d of May, 1861, Genera] Johnston assumed the command of the
• Harper's Ferry, consisting { Dice regiments of infantry, two battalions
irttllery, and Colonel Stuart'.- cavalry. This lore.', numbering, in all, less than
•0<> men. was called the Army of the Shenandoah, as that which was placed
r down, nearly opposite Washington, under the command of General Bean*
ml. was called the Army of the Potomac General Johnston had a hard
task before htm, With his small force, he was expected to guard Harper's
ry, to repulse the Yankee General Patterson, who was said to be approaching
00 the Maryland side with 20,0 •' men, and to prevent him from forming a
junction with BioClellan, who was advanoing iii the direction of Winchester
from the western pari of Virginia. John-ton saw, at a glance, that the position
ot Harpers Kerry was of no importance whatever, since an enemy coining down
the \ alley of Pennsylvania might easily avoid it, and unite in his rear at Win-
chester, with an enemy coming down the Valley of Virginia. That snob i pro-
wa- on j'.„,t, he believed to be icrtain, when he learned, on the 18th of
June, that a force of 2,000 men, believed to be the advanced guard of MeClcl-
lau's forces, had arrived in Romney. He immediately determined to abandon
Harper's Ferry, having fir-t burnt and blown up the railroad bridge and set
tire to such of the buildings as were likely to prove useful to the enemy. At
the lame time he sent forward B detachment to Winchester to hold in check any
force that might come from the direction of Romney. On the 14th, while on
the march, he learned that Patterson had crossed at Williams-port, that he had
already possession of Martinsburg, and that there was nothing to fear from
Romney, from which the enemy had retreated. His course was instantly taken.
Jle occupied Uunkcr's Hill on the Martinshurg turnpike by a Hank march,
interposed his army between the enemy and Winchester, took up a strong posi-
THE WAR AND ITS ERRORS. 71
tion, and so intimidated Patterson that he immediately fell back across the river
Johnston then quietly and leisurely panned his march to Winchester. This
position was of great strategical importanoe, and its oooupatioa evinced a high
degree of skill on the part of the Confederate Qeneral. He iru now between
the forces of McClellan and Patterson, and could operate at his pleasure against
either before they could be joined by the others. At the same time he was in
a situation to unite with Beauregard, should he he attacked, through Ashby'a
gap and the railroad. Having ascertained that Patterson designed to cross the
Potomac again, he sent Colonel Jackson in advance to oppose him, there 1
no other troops between Winchester and Martinsburg but Colonel Stuart's cav-
alry, who acted as ■ corps of observation. Patterson crossed for the second
time on the 2d of duly, Jackson fell back before him, and drew up his small
force at Palling Waters. The enemy came on. A fierce conflict ensued, in
which .larks, in inflicted upon him a loss almost equal in number to the force he
had with him, and himself sustained scarcely any. When about to he out-
flanked, Jackson retired, bringing off forty-five prisoners, whom he had cap-
tured. Johnston advanced, with his whole force, to support Jackson, but
Patterson apparently had had enough of it; for he made no attempt to renew
the • at. Johnston then took op a position near Martinsburg, with the
hope of drawing Patterson into an engagement, bat he could not succeed. .'
remaining four days jt, this position, Johnston returned to Winchester. < >n the
16tl n advanced as far as Banket Hill, about ten mil»s from Winches
tor. and. i ! • lTtli, made a movement OH his left, in the direction of Smith-
field. Johnston instantly took the hint.
Be had I sen convinced, from the refusal of Patter- •
at Martinsburg, that he did not intend to fight him, and that his only •
to detain him in the Valley until the Grand Army from Washington should
have overwhelmed ird. This movement confirmed his original impi
-ion lie had already telegraphed to Richmond, reqnestii join
ird, and had received them accordingly Ordering the cavalry under
Colonel Stuart to make a movement in advance, as if for the purpose of bi
ing on a general i at, he completely <!■
<»f Stuart'i n 1 his whole army throu
Piedmont Station, oa t) I, from wl
to he transported by th< ind cavalry following as
rapidly I
MoaatsM on the morn Ith snd
I'd Alal ;itVr The re-t of hi*
• "tn BOOM I ii"t arr *-
road had promised that the\ should. Th' troop* thn- 1 to
hh'-ut 5,000 in number
^ • shall not here, with the limited -p»T at our oomanand, attfm:
•ho battle of Manaasas It i« nafnrient to <.ay that Amoral John-"
JUSUmin_ lined to :.
;_, THE WAB AM» ITS B
that, the the troops which had been left 1 -china "ii the proceeding
to arrive ia time, obliged the Confederate Generals to alter their original
. which was offensive, .'11111 await the attack 1 f the enemy — that the enemy,
turn the left wing 1 - —thai a long
lesperate battk ensued — thai an order sent posted on our
right centre, to charge the exposed flank of the enemy, miscarried — that in the
\,n crisis of the haul.-, Kirhy Smith arrived frith 1,700 men — that he ••
wounded and —that the attack of hi* body caused
the enemy to hesitate, and finally to give ground — and that hi.- discomfiture was
completed by the attack, made on his Hank by Colonel Early, at thi bis
The battle of Manassas had been fought, and the rout was the most
_-h known t" history since the day of Waterloo
The Army of the Potomac continued for seven months to occupy the p<
: Centreville which it had conquered from, the enemy by thi.- splendid vic-
tory. Except the brilliant episode of Loceburg, and the reverse at Draiuesvillet
there were few incidents to diversify the dull m if a life ia camp. The
winter was uncommonly warm and wet, and sickness and death thinned the
rank- of our army. Bui the men became ■ and
learned how to bear fatigue as well as to face danger, without shrinking, [n
the meantime, the Yankee government made enormous preparations, both naval
. military. Their Secretary of War boasted that in an incredibly short -;
of time he had put troops in the iield. The fruits of his energy -
:i to ripen, flattens was taken, Beaufort fell, Fort Donnelson was captured,
with 5,000 men, and New Orleans fell. Nothing in all history can bo compared
to the exultations of the Yankee press. They believed the South already oon-
nuered, ami they spoke the language of conquerors. Nothing would satisfy them
hut another "On to Richmond." This time it was to be undertaken by 220,000
men, under .Met "lellau. Johnston soon became apprised of the designs of that
officer, and prepared to foil them Early in March, McClellan moved upon
Manassas with his whole force, t" find the camp deserted, and everything thai
could be of value to his army safely removed. JonnSton had evacuated all his
positions, and retreated to Richmond without the loss of a man. There is no
comparison, we believe, between this retreat and any other upon record. Had
Johnston never performed any other military exploit, this alone would entitle
him to l< considered one of the greatest captains of the age. His whole force
Scarcely amounted tu 4il,il(Hl men. and with that little army he bad confronted
for lix months, and eluded without loss, a host of more than 200,000 men.
But we will not undertake to record the events of A^iril and May, 1 s f "> - , the
most brilliant of Johnston's whole life, lie hastened with his veteran army to
the 1 the gallant Magruder, who was on the Peniusula with Llj50Q
men, ami confronted by McClellan with 100,000. On arriving, Johnston at
once assumed command, and on the 6th of May, 1862, fought the buttle of
Williamsburg, repulsing the enemy with enormous loss. Falling hack with his
victorious army upou the liue of the Chickahominy, lie g«ve McClellan auothev
THB WAR AND ITS HEROES. 73
severe lesson in the art of war at the battle of Seven Pint rtunately
for bis country, he was severely wounded in this , and had to be
removed from tlie field.
After recovering from li is wounds, General Johnston was assigned to duty in
Tennessee, and at the present writing (February, 1*801,) commands wliat is
known as the Army of Tennessee, where he will donbtl* ren
mere brilliant than any he baa yet rendered to bis country.
The career of Great ral Johnston has been such as the most illustrious chieftain
might envy. A quick genius, a solid judgmeut, invincible firmness, impertur-
bable self-reliance, a will as resolute as that of "die first bald 0
tion which no device can baffle, • '.war which no difficulty can subdue,
a courage which no danger can Bhake, quickness of conception, promptnet
m, endurance almost ittpcrhuman, and reticeni - the grave —
all these we take to be characteristics ol a groat '. — in a high
degree — General Jphnsl all.
BRIGADIER-GENERA! JAMES H. LANE.
James H Lane was bora at Matthews Court-House, Virginia, in 1884. He
graduated with bigb distinction at the Lexington Virginia Military Institute,
and afterwards took his degree in t li « ■ scientific oonrse at the University of Vir-
ginia. So highly was he appreciated at his Alma Mater, thai he was soon after
recalled to Lexington ai Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Tactics; he
subsequently became Professor in the same departments at the State Seminary
of Florida, and at the outbreak of hostilities was filling the Chair of Natural
Philosophy and Tactics in the North Carolina Military Institute of Charlotte.
With the other officers of this institution, he immediately offered his services
to the State, and was must useful and energetic as drill-master and adjutant at
THE WAR ANT) ITS BHR01 7.-,
the Camp of Instruction near Raleigh. 1!'' wu elected Major of the l»t North
Carolina Volunteers, and with that gallant regiment won his first lanreli on the
memorable field of Bethel, Juno 10th, 1861.
Shortly after the battle of Tiethel he waa elected Lieutenant-Colonel of tip-
28th'|North Carolina regiment, and subsequently, for gallant and ncritoriooa
conduct, he was made a Brigadier-General, and placed in command <>f t li . • \-.h
brigade of the Light Division. He received his appointment as Brigadier on
the 1st of November, 1862, as the successor of the lamented General L. 0*B.
Branch, of North Carolina.
At the head of a brigade of noble tr banner> bear upon theii
the names nf nearly twenty 1 BOW manfully battling for the
independence of the South.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN C. PEMBERTON.
John 0. Pemborton was born in the city of Philadelphia, State of IVnnsyl-
vania. He entered Weal PointasaGadet from that State in L833,and gradual
on the 80th of Jane, 1887. On the 1st of Jnly, 1837, he waa appointed Second
Lieutenant of the 1th Artillery, U. S. A., and waa promoted First Lieutenant
on the 9th of March, 1842. Prom 1846 to 1848 he acted as Aide-de-Camp to
Brevet Major-General Worth, in Mexico. He waa twice breveted for "gallant
and meritorious conduct," during the war with Mexico — first at Monterey, nexf.
at Molino del Ray.
[mniediately upon the commencement of hostilities between the North and
South, Qeneral Pemberton resigned his commission in the United States army
and espoused the cause of the South. Hastening to Montgomery, he was at
once tendered a position in the Southern army by President Davis.
Tin-: WAR AN!) ITS hero 77
General Pemberton first attracted public attention by his gallant defence of
the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, lhc particulars ofwblch will foi the
most interesting chapters in tbe bistory of tbia second war for independence.
On the 18th* of May, lvi>-'>, Vicksbwg, in oonsequenoe of I diaaater at Big
Black Bridge. ly invested by tbe Yankee forces ander Grant, the right
of his army resting on the river above the city. As a la ral Pent-
berton, with a weakened but glorious little army, retired behind his works. To
appease the clamor that had been raised against him, and to repel the ch ai
that he designed selling Vickaburg, he exhorted his soldiers to follow him, and
at what price he would sell it, for it would not be less than his own life and
that of every man in his command. The sii ge WM continued until the 4th of
July, when, after a heroic defence, the place was unconditionally Bun
Pembertun, in the letter which proffered surrender, stated hia reasotta
for doing so, as follows :
•• 1 make this proposition to save the further effusion of blood whi :h must
;wi*e be she 1 to a frightful extent, feeling myself fully able to maintain my
ai for an indefinite period."
The terms of the capitulation were thus announ<
"The entire force of the Confederate troops, were to surrender, :<- ;■
the United irmy, under General tir.mt \ my,
t.. be immediately parol* d and -
ii their arm-; all mounted officers to have the privtl
rty to be reep< ct< 1, and all ]
01 i D any manner with I I the ]•?:•
leaving the Federal lines on parole. All ammunitioi artillery
and
- in our ]■ -
COMMODORE GEORGE N. HOLLINS.
v of Commodore HoUjdc vu born in Manchester, England, and, ..
c in in- to the United Si btled in Baltimore, embarked in merchandising,
beoame i i • In the Bast India trade, doing a large and extensive busi-
ness for many years. He married :i Miss Jane Smith, of Baltimore, a sister of
i ral Samnel Smith, who was Secretary of War, while his brother Robert
was Secretary of the Navy, under Jefferson.
The Bubject of oar Bketch in the city of Baltimore in the year
1799, on the 20th day of £ i I until his fourteenth
year, when, at his urgent solicitation, his filth* r consented to his application
a position in the navy of hit He received the appointment as a. mid-
aan from of the Navy under President
THE WAR AND ITS HBRORS. J%
Madison, and was ordered to the sloop-of-war /•>/<, of twentj
by Commander Ridgeley, and lying at Baltimore, waiting an opportunity of
passing the English blockading squadron of thai port. The English moving
from Washington ou Baltimore, the sailor.- of the latter port were placed under
Commander Barney, and were ordersd forward to check their advance, and did
meet them in the fight at Bladensburg. Young Hollins served with Comaaaoder
Barney in this fi.L'ht, and fell back witli the army to Baltimore, whore h<
placed in command of the Erie. Commander Ridgely being ordered with all
available spare men to the lakes, and those remaining to the -1
Hollins formed a crew of volunteer - i Man the Eru while defending
the harbor. lie was at this time inch a mere lad that one of hi> mother*! liriy
friends, ■& ing him march his volunteers d >wn the strei t, preparatory I
aboard, ordered him home, telling him, if he did no( I . be
compelled to inform his parents of bis conduct. Thii a ! joke tat
sailors, but no fun to the brave boy.
After tbe repulse of the English at Baltii
dent, carrying forty-four guns, and commanded by the gallant Decatur. ]
ship President^ left New Fork, at nine o'clock at night, < p the 15th i I
1813, The weather was severe, the night dark, and the pilot, fn m tl
! strong westerly wind, being unable *
which affected her sailing qualiti
that it was thought advisable to return to port. The win<l -till con tin
unfavorable, and it
I in
with 1
the forty-four gun 1rL and the forty- foui
Tie chase, firim: all day at th<
tting much ahead of it- . Decatur tun
! that sh<
"' had am r assistan<
/*. - -.'■<'• '. having more than ta i thirds of her offi< •
excb
Elollioa a
ihc
wh,
i
h all
-
80 Till: WAR AND I : -
' lemand a most expli _-v and reparati
1 I finding the people unwilling to make oven the sli
by the English command-
eer then in port. On hi* return ites, his conda
Administration, of which J i I v-.vis was the Secretary
of W
A ihoH ti tion of Lincoln, Commander Hollins was on a cruise
in the steamship Susquehanna, and did not arrive in Boston until Jane, 1861.
Cnfortunately for the Confederacy, "'it of hia tMfty-*wo officers, twenty sided
I more unfortunately yet, the Bhip's draught was too great
for air. port but Norfolk, whioh entrance was guarded by Portress Monroe.
I rider Ilollins was complimented hy twelve of his officers and eighty of
aaking immediate application for their discharge. This application
wont in with his own, and he has had the satisfaction of meeting most of these
- uth. His resignation was not accepted, but In- was dismissed
without a punishment h>r his devotion to hia section. This was Yankee
gratitude to a man who had spent more than forty-six years in the service of his
country. Without delay he hastened t<> Richmond, Bnd suggested the
taking of the Pawnee, whioh vessel was then giving us mueh
Potomae. Receiving the consent of "ur government, be
hurrio'l t" Maryland, and. with men and arms, to< on the St. Nicholas.
Off "Point Look Out," he demanded the surrender of the boat, and, hearing
that tl • had gone t<> Washington, felt that the best thing to be done
was to carry the St. A'/,/;,,/./* up the Rappahannock. On bis way, he captured
twic the number of his own crew .and three vessels loaded with coal, coffee and
ice — tl ing particularly necessary for our sick and wounded. lie was
Urleans to get nj» ;t naval defence, but, before he c mid do
anything, tl were reported t" be at the upper end of the passes of the
the full of New Orleans, Commander Rollins was ordered
to the Naval Board, convened in Richmond, to examine young men for the Ber-
, after the duties of the board were over, lie reported Pot
who have the senfidence of the people, and are at all times
;ll not hu permitted to remain idle long, and we trust
( '■' ■ will boob be placed at the "post of honor/' where we are
rallied, jo long as he has a sword to defend it.
1
1
in C
■
1
g2 THE WAR AND ITS HEROES.
to the ?<>uth. Generals Karl Van Dora, K. K. Smith, Fields, Evans and Hardee
were from ita rank.-.
In the winter of 1855-6, Gem ral Hood entered upon the frontier service of
Western Texas, where, in July following, he had a spirited engagement, and
was wounded by tin' Indiana on Devil's river.
A -hurt time before the beginning of the present war. he was ordered to
report for duty at West Point, as instructor of cavalry. But anticipating the
present difficulties, he was allowed, at his own request, to return to duty iu
Texas — Ins object being, in view of all the prospects of impending dissolution,
to be i" that i>orti.>n of the country which he most loved and so greatly admired.
H ■• could w e do hope of rec mciliation or adjustment, but every indication of a
fierce and bloody war; consequently, he had determined to cast his destiny with
the South. On the 16th of April. 1861, he resigned his commission under the
United States Government, and tendered hi> services to the Confederacy. His
name was entered npon the roll with the rank of first lieutenant, and ordered
to report to General Lee, in Virginia, who ordered him to report to General
Bfagruder, on the Peninsula. Be was at ones placed in command of ail the
cavalry of the lVuinsnla, with the rank ol' captain of regular cavalry. Having
several successful engagements with the enemy, he was boob promoted to the
rank of major. < ho September 30th, he was ordered to Riohmond, and, receiving
the rank of colonel of infantry, was placed in command of the Fourth Regiment
Texas Volunteers, th< d in oamp near the city. Very few of the men had ever
seen him. and 'had.;.- were entertained whether a colonel could he appointed
that would give satisfaction. \n attempt had previously been made to organise
the regiment ander Colonel Allen, of Texas j hut. in consequence of a protest of
some of the captains, the appointment was withdrawn. This produced a feeling
with others, and it was thought that they would nut he satisfied with any one
that might he appointed. Hut in a few days the feeling was gone, and every
one seemed to be ; ont mU d. (lis commanding appearance, manly do*
portment, ptioi courteous manners and decision of character, readily
impressed tie i m q thai the man to govern them in the camp
and command them on i; and his thorough acquaintance with every
rtment of tie sen ice, satfefl n j i t the posi-
tion. The men found him able and ready all the nee. . rj instruction,
not only in drilling them for the field, hut also in the forms and technicalities
of tin' clothing, commissary, ordinance and transport irtments — lor the
want of which information, r< thee rvice frequently go hungry,
and cem. q] ad quartermasters make many fruitless trips.
On the s:h and 9th of r, L8 il, the Ith and 5th Texas regiments
left Richmond and arrived at Dumfi the L2th instant, and were there
organised into a brigade, under Colonel Wigfall, of the State of Texas, who, to
this end, had . the appointment of hi' aeral. ]>ut, as he was
the £ from the State of Texas, after the meeting of Congress, he
resigned; and on the 3d of March, 1862, Colonel Hood was appointed to take
THE WAR AND ITS HI gj
his place. Thus we see, within the short apace of too th. .nt 1i^ and seventeen
days, he was promoted from the rank of Lieutenant to that of brigadier.
General Hood continued with the Army of tlm Potomac until Lieutenant-
Gcneral Longstreet'a command was sent bo re-inforce the Army of Ten;,
wherej with his brave Texans, he followed that general to seek new laurels in
the "volunteer Stat
At the battle of Chickamauga, General Hood bore a prominent part, and,
during the engagement, was so severely wounded in th< right leg m to render
amputation necessary. For signal courage, displayed on the hard-fought field
of Chickamauga, General Hood was made lieutenant-general.
General Hood is about six feet two inches high, with full, broad cheat, ligh(
hair and heard, blue eyes, and is gifted by nature witb a voi< • thai can be beard
even above the roar of cannon.
MAJOR-GENERAL T. C. HINDMAN.
Major-Gencral Ilindman is a native of the State of Arkansas, and is now in
the prime of life. He entered the army at the commencement of the war, and
on the 29th of dune, 1861, wm appointed Colonel of the 2d Arkansas regi-
ment. On the 28th of September, L861, he was made a brigadier-general,
which position he held until the 1 Ith of April, lMlL', when he was promoted
to the rank of major-general. General Bindman, we believe, has never been
connected with the army of Northern or Western Virginia, his fields of opera-
tion and usefulness having been chiefly confined to Georgia and Tennessee.
On the 29th of September last, General Ilindman being then at Newman,
Georgia, disabled by an injury received in the battle of Chickamauga, was sus-
THE WAR AND ITS HEROES. 85
pended from command by order of General Bragg. The charge against him
"was disobedience of orders on September 11th, in McLemore's Cove. General
Hindman at once requested a Courtof Inquiry, and subsequently made a report
of the McLemore's expedition, showing that the eharg< of disobedience was not
sustained by the facts in the case. The decision of President I>avis in the
matter is stated in the following letter of General Cooper :
AlUITANT AND INSPECTOR G F.NFRA L'S "F.FICK,
■ mnnd, November 28, 1863.
General — Enclosed please find a copy of a letter from Gen'l Bragg, r< qu»
your restitution to duty, with which it gives the President much pleasure to
comply.
Your letter of October 2d, asking for a court of inquiry, was referred to the
President, and has been returned with the following endorsement, viz:
u The investigation — which I had opportunity to make personally — into the
facts of the case, convinces me that, had the explanations which hare since been
furnished preceded the order of General Bragg relieving General Hindman
from command, that order would not probably have been issued; and, in view
of the letter of General Bragg of November 16, it is not deemed dm
the honor of General Hindman, or to the interest of the public service, that
the inquiry asked for should be institul
I enclose you a special order directing you to report for duty to GeDSCtJ
Bragg.
fully, your obedient servant,
B Coons, A. amd I ■
To Major- Qemeral T. C. Htndmant dx., dx.
The following is a copy of the letter of General P>; i above:
HBADQCaBVBM Depart**' NBBB,
Mr. IV'sulmt — After your actios in the ease of Lieutenant-General Polk,
whieh to dm has bti D i ntin \j satisfy tory, I feel il I I il a plea-
to n rimilar act irparl toward Maj Hindman. This
ofiV (rasa the official n ;
at Chickamauga for gallantry aa isaaj Mat the neces-
sity of uniform discipline be previous affair
which he wai BUSp* od< d
■il what 1 kavt hsard unofficially, the General may wrvo
und' r my e-tnmand. but it is only just for SBC I RBSJt ftSJ possesses nn fullest
lidenee as a most gallant nccllent disciplinarian.
I am, sir, \< rj r« spectfulbj .
Qsoeral I
To i
■.w with the army of Taaua esses, under essnas*
thai gallant Virginian. General Jen*B)l
MAJOR-GENERAL MARTIN LUTHER fSMITII.
Major-Generai Martin Luther Smith is a native of Western New York, and
has family connections residing in the Northern, Western and Southern States,
many of whom are in Mississippi and Louisiana. His services seem, in conse-
quence, to have been appropriately n ndered, defending, as it won', through
Vioksburg, the homes of (hose who are bound to' him by the most sacred ties
< i' blood and Friendship. Entering West Point asa cadet, in 1838, he graduated
in 1842, when he was commissioned in the corps of Topographical Engineers,
nt to the coasl of < reorgia on duty, since \\ bicb time he has been enj
without intermission, south oi Mason and Dixon's line. In L8-A6, he married
Nesbit, of Georgia, belonging to a family well known and among the most
prominent and influential in that State. At the opening of the Mexican war
first or Texas, but subsequently joined General Scott in the
; Mexico, where he remained on active duty until the United States
were withdrawn. Hi was brevetted for distinguished services, and but
few young offioerg left Mexico with higher marks of distinction and respect.
THB WAR AND ITS EfBROES. 37
From 1843 to 1854 General Smith was natively employed on various govern-
ment works of internal improvement and defence in Georgia, Florida and Texas;
and was subsequently stationed in Washington city, where he remained on duty,
-with the exception of a brief interval, until the organisation of the Southern
Confederacy.
He resigned his commission in the United States army in March, 1861
tendered his services without delay to President Davis, from whom he received
the appointment of Major of Engineers, and WM ordered to report for duty at
New Orleans, where he planned and completed the series of work- enveloping
that city, designed to defend it sfrainst an attack l>y land. Two small bail
a portion of those works, mounting about BS many Lruns as the enemy hs
sels, successfully disputed, for a time, at Chalmette, under his comma-
advance of the enemy's fleet, after it had passed forts Jackson sad St ''hilip,
and were only ahandoned after tie' tss( round of ammunition had been expended.
In April, 1862, lie was commissioned brigadier-general, and early in
was ordered with his brigade to Vicksburg by General Lovell, then u
of that department, and directed to defend the city. I'pon his arrival at \
burg, the 9th of May. 1862, he found only three small batteries erected and a
fourth begun, which he completed, ami with great energy pi I i con-
struct other more formidable works before the approach of the enemy, then
known to have passed Baton Rouge with a powerful fleet. Tlie ,
then under his command did not exceed 1,000 men, the most of *
ciplined troops thai had just been mustered inn -
Notwithstanding the prolonged siege <>f Vicksbnrg and the time
occup my in shelling the pUce, tb( iay on
which the decisive battle was fought. At tmir o'clock in I f that
day, th^ -n« m\ bed hi- entire force, numbering
L'lins i I moving boldly up in front of tl
Then "i t the i
record began and continued with nnabated fury
plied \< ith s tornado of iron hail, d
ud final, i d in driving' the n
our fire ; thus
■
This
I
-
j was agl;
88 THE WAR AND ITS HBBO
command, General Smith bc^un a system of works that should completely en-
the <-ity and render it impervxms to u at t :i<-k by land from any quarter.
a I Muff, on the Yazoo, he regarded as an important position to occupy,
and at once proceeded to erect fort at thai place and to obstruct the
of the Yazoo river, thereby placing an effectual barrier between the
enemy and the Valley of the Yaseo. Large forests were felled, forming heavy
osible positions selected along the line between the IMuff and
Vickaburg, a distance of about ten miles. All these positions lected
the most carefnl examination, and the entire works planned and con-
structed by General Smith himself, assisted by Captain, now Major, s II.
Engineer, of the Department of Mississippi and Bast Louisiana.
The unavailing efforts of the enemy to ascend the Yazoo and reduce our
v. .! Snyder'.-, and his overwhelming and disgraceful defeat at Chickasaw
Dgth of the fortilications and the judgment displayed in
on of positions. The battle of Chickasaw Bayou was fought under
his immediate eye and direction, and the result stamp- him a gallant officer and
i worthy of the honorable position he holds.
] - all the requisite qualifications of a good soldier, a
warm: atleman. His impulses are all noble and generous,
and though i of manner, which, on firsl acquaimV
en mistaken for hauteur and those who
know him well, both equals and subordinates, id love him. Personally,
,- ur > t ta ouine court* -y alike
adorning his character. With him the of our glorious can
mount t any other COnsidei ■ r his arrival h
Vioksburg, an incident occurred demonstrative of his patriotisi
entire devotion to the interests committed to his charge [n replj toatele-
ih from President Davis, loncern about Vicks-
burg . i bal m for '.:- bu< ct ssful d< I
.1 Smith replied: "* * * * More infant; ■< d and anotlier
. whether ranking ux or not it im\
I umissioned a major-g ineral in November, L862 — a just
t his distinguished
•
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